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---
language: []
library_name: sentence-transformers
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:557850
- loss:MatryoshkaLoss
- loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
- mteb
model-index:
- name: AbderrahmanSkiredj1/arabic_text_embedding_sts_arabertv02_arabicnlitriplet
  results:
  - dataset:
      config: ar-ar
      name: MTEB STS17 (ar-ar)
      revision: faeb762787bd10488a50c8b5be4a3b82e411949c
      split: test
      type: mteb/sts17-crosslingual-sts
    metrics:
    - type: cosine_pearson
      value: 84.4552565985224
    - type: cosine_spearman
      value: 84.95895784502326
    - type: euclidean_pearson
      value: 82.78929391924628
    - type: euclidean_spearman
      value: 84.30172209203968
    - type: main_score
      value: 84.95895784502326
    - type: manhattan_pearson
      value: 82.8787314198733
    - type: manhattan_spearman
      value: 84.31971710672602
    task:
      type: STS
datasets: []
widget:
- source_sentence: رجل قائم على قدم واحدة بالقرب من شاطئ نظيف
  sentences:
  - رجل يقدم عرضاً
  - هناك رجل بالخارج قرب الشاطئ
  - رجل يجلس على أريكه
- source_sentence: الرجل يرتدي قميصاً أزرق.
  sentences:
  - رجل يرتدي قميصاً أزرق بجانب الطريق مع شاحنة زرقاء وسيارة حمراء مع الماء في الخلفية.
  - كتاب جواهر المعاني
  - رجل يرتدي قميص أسود يعزف على الجيتار.
- source_sentence: يجلس شاب ذو شعر أشقر على الحائط يقرأ جريدة بينما تمر امرأة وفتاة
    شابة.
  sentences:
  - ذكر شاب ينظر إلى جريدة بينما تمر إمرأتان بجانبه
  - رجل يستلقي على وجهه على مقعد في الحديقة.
  - الشاب نائم بينما الأم تقود ابنتها إلى الحديقة
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
---

# SentenceTransformer

This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model trained on the Omartificial-Intelligence-Space/arabic-n_li-triplet dataset. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

## Model Details

### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
<!-- - **Base model:** [Unknown](https://huggingface.co/unknown) -->
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 512 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 768 tokens
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
- **Training Dataset:**
    - Omartificial-Intelligence-Space/arabic-n_li-triplet
<!-- - **Language:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **License:** Unknown -->

### Model Sources

- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)

### Full Model Architecture

```
SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
)
```

## Usage

### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```

Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("AbderrahmanSkiredj1/arabic_text_embedding_sts_arabertv02_arabicnlitriplet")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'يجلس شاب ذو شعر أشقر على الحائط يقرأ جريدة بينما تمر امرأة وفتاة شابة.',
    'ذكر شاب ينظر إلى جريدة بينما تمر إمرأتان بجانبه',
    'الشاب نائم بينما الأم تقود ابنتها إلى الحديقة',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```

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</details>
-->

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### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers)

You can finetune this model on your own dataset.

<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

</details>
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### Out-of-Scope Use

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*What are the known or foreseeable issues stemming from this model? You could also flag here known failure cases or weaknesses of the model.*
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## Training Details

### Training Dataset

#### Omartificial-Intelligence-Space/arabic-n_li-triplet

* Dataset: Omartificial-Intelligence-Space/arabic-n_li-triplet
* Size: 557,850 training samples
* Columns: <code>anchor</code>, <code>positive</code>, and <code>negative</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | anchor                                                                           | positive                                                                          | negative                                                                          |
  |:--------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                           | string                                                                            | string                                                                            |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 8.02 tokens</li><li>max: 41 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 10.03 tokens</li><li>max: 34 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 10.72 tokens</li><li>max: 38 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | anchor                                                      | positive                                    | negative                            |
  |:------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------|
  | <code>شخص على حصان يقفز فوق طائرة معطلة</code>              | <code>شخص في الهواء الطلق، على حصان.</code> | <code>شخص في مطعم، يطلب عجة.</code> |
  | <code>أطفال يبتسمون و يلوحون للكاميرا</code>                | <code>هناك أطفال حاضرون</code>              | <code>الاطفال يتجهمون</code>        |
  | <code>صبي يقفز على لوح التزلج في منتصف الجسر الأحمر.</code> | <code>الفتى يقوم بخدعة التزلج</code>        | <code>الصبي يتزلج على الرصيف</code> |
* Loss: [<code>MatryoshkaLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#matryoshkaloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "loss": "MultipleNegativesRankingLoss",
      "matryoshka_dims": [
          768,
          512,
          256,
          128,
          64
      ],
      "matryoshka_weights": [
          1,
          1,
          1,
          1,
          1
      ],
      "n_dims_per_step": -1
  }
  ```

### Evaluation Dataset

#### Omartificial-Intelligence-Space/arabic-n_li-triplet

* Dataset: Omartificial-Intelligence-Space/arabic-n_li-triplet
* Size: 6,584 evaluation samples
* Columns: <code>anchor</code>, <code>positive</code>, and <code>negative</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | anchor                                                                            | positive                                                                         | negative                                                                         |
  |:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                            | string                                                                           | string                                                                           |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 14.87 tokens</li><li>max: 70 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 7.54 tokens</li><li>max: 26 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 8.14 tokens</li><li>max: 23 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | anchor                                                                                                                                               | positive                                               | negative                                           |
  |:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------|
  | <code>امرأتان يتعانقان بينما يحملان حزمة</code>                                                                                                      | <code>إمرأتان يحملان حزمة</code>                       | <code>الرجال يتشاجرون خارج مطعم</code>             |
  | <code>طفلين صغيرين يرتديان قميصاً أزرق، أحدهما يرتدي الرقم 9 والآخر يرتدي الرقم 2 يقفان على خطوات خشبية في الحمام ويغسلان أيديهما في المغسلة.</code> | <code>طفلين يرتديان قميصاً مرقماً يغسلون أيديهم</code> | <code>طفلين يرتديان سترة يذهبان إلى المدرسة</code> |
  | <code>رجل يبيع الدونات لعميل خلال معرض عالمي أقيم في مدينة أنجليس</code>                                                                             | <code>رجل يبيع الدونات لعميل</code>                    | <code>امرأة تشرب قهوتها في مقهى صغير</code>        |
* Loss: [<code>MatryoshkaLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#matryoshkaloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "loss": "MultipleNegativesRankingLoss",
      "matryoshka_dims": [
          768,
          512,
          256,
          128,
          64
      ],
      "matryoshka_weights": [
          1,
          1,
          1,
          1,
          1
      ],
      "n_dims_per_step": -1
  }
  ```

### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters

- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 64
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 64
- `learning_rate`: 1e-06
- `num_train_epochs`: 10
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `fp16`: True
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates

#### All Hyperparameters
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 64
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 64
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 1e-06
- `weight_decay`: 0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `num_train_epochs`: 10
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: False
- `fp16`: True
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: False
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: False
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`: 
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `dispatch_batches`: None
- `split_batches`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional

</details>

### Training Logs
| Epoch  | Step | Training Loss |
|:------:|:----:|:-------------:|
| 0.0183 | 40   | 10.8122       |
| 0.0367 | 80   | 10.8841       |
| 0.0550 | 120  | 10.0068       |
| 0.0734 | 160  | 9.925         |
| 0.0917 | 200  | 9.2169        |
| 0.1101 | 240  | 8.8431        |
| 0.1284 | 280  | 8.6185        |
| 0.1468 | 320  | 8.8141        |
| 0.1651 | 360  | 8.0517        |
| 0.1835 | 400  | 7.9315        |
| 0.2018 | 440  | 7.7502        |
| 0.2202 | 480  | 7.432         |
| 0.2385 | 520  | 7.4885        |
| 0.2569 | 560  | 6.8975        |
| 0.2752 | 600  | 6.9895        |
| 0.2936 | 640  | 6.5074        |
| 0.3119 | 680  | 6.3892        |
| 0.3303 | 720  | 6.6392        |
| 0.3486 | 760  | 6.235         |
| 0.3670 | 800  | 5.95          |
| 0.3853 | 840  | 5.7161        |
| 0.4037 | 880  | 5.6532        |
| 0.4220 | 920  | 5.5386        |
| 0.4404 | 960  | 5.7382        |
| 0.4587 | 1000 | 5.3164        |
| 0.4771 | 1040 | 5.1571        |
| 0.4954 | 1080 | 4.9178        |
| 0.5138 | 1120 | 5.0309        |
| 0.5321 | 1160 | 5.0867        |
| 0.5505 | 1200 | 5.1403        |


### Framework Versions
- Python: 3.10.14
- Sentence Transformers: 3.0.1
- Transformers: 4.39.3
- PyTorch: 2.2.2+cu121
- Accelerate: 0.29.1
- Datasets: 2.18.0
- Tokenizers: 0.15.2

## Citation

### BibTeX

#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
```

#### MatryoshkaLoss
```bibtex
@misc{kusupati2024matryoshka,
    title={Matryoshka Representation Learning}, 
    author={Aditya Kusupati and Gantavya Bhatt and Aniket Rege and Matthew Wallingford and Aditya Sinha and Vivek Ramanujan and William Howard-Snyder and Kaifeng Chen and Sham Kakade and Prateek Jain and Ali Farhadi},
    year={2024},
    eprint={2205.13147},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.LG}
}
```

#### MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
```bibtex
@misc{henderson2017efficient,
    title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply}, 
    author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1705.00652},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
```

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