add model and tokenizer
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README.md
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license: llama2
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---
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license: llama2
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datasets:
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- HiTZ/euscrawl
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language:
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- eu
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- en
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metrics:
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- accuracy
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- f1
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- perplexity
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pipeline_tag: text-generation
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---
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# **Model Card for Latxa 70b**
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![Latxa](latxa.jpeg)
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Latxa is a collection of foundation models specifically tuned for Basque. Based on Meta’s LLaMA 2 model family, these models were further trained with Euscrawl, a highly curated Basque corpora ([Artetxe et al., 2022](https://aclanthology.org/2022.emnlp-main.499/)). Ranging from 7 billion to 70 billion parameters, these models are currently the biggest and best-performing LLMs built for Basque. This is the 70b repository, links to other models can be found in the [Latxa Collection](https://huggingface.co/collections/HiTZ/latxa-65a697e6838b3acc53677304).
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# **Model Details**
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## **Model Description**
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Latxa is a family of Large Language Models (LLM) based on Meta’s [LLaMA models](https://huggingface.co/meta-llama). Current LLMs exhibit incredible performance for high-resource languages such as English, but, in the case of Basque and other low-resource languages, their performance is close to a random guesser. These limitations widen the gap between high- and low-resource languages when it comes to digital development. We present Latxa to overcome these limitations and promote the development of LLM-based technology and research for the Basque language. Latxa models follow the same architecture as their original counterparts and were further trained in Euscrawl v1 ([Artetxe et al., 2022](https://aclanthology.org/2022.emnlp-main.499/)), a high-quality Basque corpora.
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The models are released in three sizes: 7B, 13B and 70B.
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* **Developed by:** HiTZ Research Center & IXA Research group (University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU)
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* **Model type:** Language model
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* **Language(s) (NLP):** en, eu
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* **License:** llama2
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* **Parent Model:** meta-llama/Llama-2-70b
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* **Contact:** hitz@ehu.eus
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## **Getting started**
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Use the code below to get started with the model.
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```python
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from transformers import pipeline
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pipe = pipeline("text-generation", model=”HiTZ/latxa-70b-v1”)
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text = "Euskara adimen artifizialera iritsi da!"
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pipe(text, max_new_tokens=50, num_beams=5)
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>> [
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{
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'generated_text': 'Euskara adimen artifizialera iritsi da!\nEuskararen eta adimen artifizialaren arteko harremana aspaldikoa da,'
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' baina azken urteotan aurrerapauso handiak eman dira arlo horretan'
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}
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]
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```
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# **Uses**
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Latxa models are intended to be used with Basque data; for any other language the performance is not guaranteed. Same as the original, Latxa inherits the [LLaMA-2 License](https://ai.meta.com/llama/license/) which allows for commercial and research use.
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## **Direct Use**
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Latxa family models are pre-trained LLMs without any task-specific or instruction fine-tuning. That is, the model can either be prompted to perform a specific task or further fine-tuned for specific use cases.
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## **Out-of-Scope Use**
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The model was not fine-tuned to follow instructions or to work as a chat assistant, therefore, this kind of usage is not tested nor recommended.
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# **Bias, Risks, and Limitations**
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In an effort to alleviate the potentially disturbing or harmful content, Latxa has been trained on carefully selected and processed data which comes mainly from local media, national/regional newspapers, encyclopedias and blogs (see Euscrawl below). Still, the model is based on LLaMA models and can potentially carry the same bias, risk and limitations.
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Please see the LLaMA’s _Ethical Considerations and Limitations _for further information.
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# **Training Details**
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## **Training Data**
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The models were trained on EusCrawl v1, a high-quality corpus for Basque comprising 1.72M documents, 288M words, totalling 2.1GiB of uncompressed text. EusCrawl was built using ad-hoc scrapers to extract text from 33 Basque websites with high-quality content, resulting in cleaner text compared to general-purpose approaches.
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See more details in the [EusCrawl](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HiTZ/euscrawl) dataset card.
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Additionally, 100K documents of English data randomly selected from the [Pile](https://huggingface.co/datasets/EleutherAI/pile) dataset were also included to avoid catastrophic forgetting.
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## **Training Procedure**
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The models were trained using the GPT-Neox library on the HPC CINECA computing cluster. All the models were approximately trained with an effective batch size of 2M tokens for 1000 to 2000 steps.
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td>Model
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</td>
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<td>Steps
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</td>
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<td>Sequence length
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</td>
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<td>Effective Batch size
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</td>
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<td>Total tokens
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</td>
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<td>GPU hours
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Latxa 7B
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</td>
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<td><p style="text-align: right">
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2000</p>
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</td>
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<td><p style="text-align: right">
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4096</p>
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</td>
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<td><p style="text-align: right">
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2M tokens/step</p>
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</td>
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<td><p style="text-align: right">
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4B</p>
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</td>
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<td><p style="text-align: right">
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359.2h</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Latxa 13B
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</td>
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<td><p style="text-align: right">
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1000</p>
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</td>
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<td><p style="text-align: right">
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4096</p>
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</td>
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<td><p style="text-align: right">
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2M tokens/step</p>
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</td>
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<td><p style="text-align: right">
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2B</p>
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</td>
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<td><p style="text-align: right">
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468.8h</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Latxa 70B
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</td>
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<td><p style="text-align: right">
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1680</p>
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</td>
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<td><p style="text-align: right">
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4096</p>
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</td>
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<td><p style="text-align: right">
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2M tokens/step</p>
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</td>
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<td><p style="text-align: right">
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3.4B</p>
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</td>
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<td><p style="text-align: right">
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*6475.52h</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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* indicates the time for the entire training process (2000 steps), however the weights of the step 1680 are shared as it is the best checkpoint according to validation loss.
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# **Evaluation**
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We evaluated the models on zero-shot and few-shot settings on generative, multiple-choice and classification tasks. We used the basque partitions of each dataset.
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## **Testing Data, Factors & Metrics**
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### **Testing Data**
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* **Belebele** ([Bandarkar et al.](https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.16884)): Belebele is a multiple-choice machine reading comprehension (MRC) dataset spanning 122 language variants. We evaluated the model in a 5-shot fashion.
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* Data card: [https://huggingface.co/datasets/facebook/belebele](https://huggingface.co/datasets/facebook/belebele)
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* **X-StoryCloze** ([Lin et al.](https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.10668)): XStoryCloze consists of the professionally translated version of the English StoryCloze dataset to 10 non-English languages. Story Cloze is a commonsense reasoning dataset which consists of choosing the correct ending to a four-sentence story. We evaluated the model in a 0-shot fashion.
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* Data card: [https://huggingface.co/datasets/juletxara/xstory_cloze](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juletxara/xstory_cloze)
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* **BasqueGLUE** ([Urbizu et al.](https://aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.172.pdf)): BasqueGLUE is a NLU benchmark for Basque. We evaluated the model in a 5-shot fashion on the following tasks:
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* Data card:[ https://huggingface.co/datasets/orai-nlp/basqueGLUE](https://huggingface.co/datasets/orai-nlp/basqueGLUE).
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* Tasks:
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* **BEC2016eu**: Sentiment analysis on tweets about the 2016 Basque elections campaign.
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* **VaxxStance**: Stance detection on tweets around the anti-vaccine movement.
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* **BTHCv2**: Topic classification of news extracts with 12 categories.
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* **EpecKorrefBin**: Correference detection task similar to WSC.
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* **QNLIeu**: Q&A NLI built from the Basque Wikipedia.
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* **WiCeu**: Basque Word-in-Context task.
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### **Metrics**
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* **Accuracy**: Belebele, X-StoryCloze, EpecKorrefBin, QNLI-eu, and, WiC-eu
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* **Micro F1**: BEC2016-eu and BHTCv2
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* **Macro F1**: VaxxStance (favor & against)
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## **Results**
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The model was evaluated using the LM Evaluation harness library from Eleuther AI. In order to reproduce our results please refer to our [fork](https://github.com/naiarapm/lm-evaluation-harness/tree/basqueglue) that includes the implementation for the mentioned datasets.
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>Model</strong>
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</td>
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<td><strong>Belebele</strong>
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</td>
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<td><strong>X-StoryCloze</strong>
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</td>
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<td><strong>BEC</strong>
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</td>
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<td><strong>Vaxx</strong>
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</td>
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<td><strong>BHTC</strong>
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</td>
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<td><strong>coref</strong>
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</td>
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254 |
+
<td><strong>QNLI</strong>
|
255 |
+
</td>
|
256 |
+
<td><strong>WiC</strong>
|
257 |
+
</td>
|
258 |
+
<td><strong>Average</strong>
|
259 |
+
</td>
|
260 |
+
</tr>
|
261 |
+
<tr>
|
262 |
+
<td>Random
|
263 |
+
</td>
|
264 |
+
<td>25.00
|
265 |
+
</td>
|
266 |
+
<td>50.00
|
267 |
+
</td>
|
268 |
+
<td>33.33
|
269 |
+
</td>
|
270 |
+
<td>33.33
|
271 |
+
</td>
|
272 |
+
<td>8.33
|
273 |
+
</td>
|
274 |
+
<td>50.00
|
275 |
+
</td>
|
276 |
+
<td>50.00
|
277 |
+
</td>
|
278 |
+
<td>50.00
|
279 |
+
</td>
|
280 |
+
<td>37.50
|
281 |
+
</td>
|
282 |
+
</tr>
|
283 |
+
<tr>
|
284 |
+
<td>LLaMA 2 7B
|
285 |
+
</td>
|
286 |
+
<td>26.22
|
287 |
+
</td>
|
288 |
+
<td>50.43
|
289 |
+
</td>
|
290 |
+
<td>41.63
|
291 |
+
</td>
|
292 |
+
<td>18.60
|
293 |
+
</td>
|
294 |
+
<td>20.06
|
295 |
+
</td>
|
296 |
+
<td>50.94
|
297 |
+
</td>
|
298 |
+
<td>48.32
|
299 |
+
</td>
|
300 |
+
<td>49.64
|
301 |
+
</td>
|
302 |
+
<td>38.23
|
303 |
+
</td>
|
304 |
+
</tr>
|
305 |
+
<tr>
|
306 |
+
<td>LLaMA 2 13B
|
307 |
+
</td>
|
308 |
+
<td>32.00
|
309 |
+
</td>
|
310 |
+
<td>50.63
|
311 |
+
</td>
|
312 |
+
<td>41.09
|
313 |
+
</td>
|
314 |
+
<td>18.25
|
315 |
+
</td>
|
316 |
+
<td>27.35
|
317 |
+
</td>
|
318 |
+
<td>49.23
|
319 |
+
</td>
|
320 |
+
<td>48.74
|
321 |
+
</td>
|
322 |
+
<td>49.21
|
323 |
+
</td>
|
324 |
+
<td>39.56
|
325 |
+
</td>
|
326 |
+
</tr>
|
327 |
+
<tr>
|
328 |
+
<td>LLaMA 2 70B
|
329 |
+
</td>
|
330 |
+
<td>33.56
|
331 |
+
</td>
|
332 |
+
<td>51.62
|
333 |
+
</td>
|
334 |
+
<td>47.47
|
335 |
+
</td>
|
336 |
+
<td>21.01
|
337 |
+
</td>
|
338 |
+
<td>31.01
|
339 |
+
</td>
|
340 |
+
<td>52.98
|
341 |
+
</td>
|
342 |
+
<td>51.26
|
343 |
+
</td>
|
344 |
+
<td>51.57
|
345 |
+
</td>
|
346 |
+
<td>42.56
|
347 |
+
</td>
|
348 |
+
</tr>
|
349 |
+
<tr>
|
350 |
+
<td>BLOOM 7B
|
351 |
+
</td>
|
352 |
+
<td>27.00
|
353 |
+
</td>
|
354 |
+
<td>57.18
|
355 |
+
</td>
|
356 |
+
<td>37.94
|
357 |
+
</td>
|
358 |
+
<td>20.72
|
359 |
+
</td>
|
360 |
+
<td>39.10
|
361 |
+
</td>
|
362 |
+
<td>48.21
|
363 |
+
</td>
|
364 |
+
<td>47.48
|
365 |
+
</td>
|
366 |
+
<td>47.57
|
367 |
+
</td>
|
368 |
+
<td>40.65
|
369 |
+
</td>
|
370 |
+
</tr>
|
371 |
+
<tr>
|
372 |
+
<td>XGLM 7B
|
373 |
+
</td>
|
374 |
+
<td>23.88
|
375 |
+
</td>
|
376 |
+
<td>57.71
|
377 |
+
</td>
|
378 |
+
<td>39.94
|
379 |
+
</td>
|
380 |
+
<td>21.58
|
381 |
+
</td>
|
382 |
+
<td>36.73
|
383 |
+
</td>
|
384 |
+
<td>50.94
|
385 |
+
</td>
|
386 |
+
<td>50.42
|
387 |
+
</td>
|
388 |
+
<td>49.21
|
389 |
+
</td>
|
390 |
+
<td>41.30
|
391 |
+
</td>
|
392 |
+
</tr>
|
393 |
+
<tr>
|
394 |
+
<td><strong>Latxa 7B</strong>
|
395 |
+
</td>
|
396 |
+
<td>35.67
|
397 |
+
</td>
|
398 |
+
<td>63.13
|
399 |
+
</td>
|
400 |
+
<td>55.61
|
401 |
+
</td>
|
402 |
+
<td>45.93
|
403 |
+
</td>
|
404 |
+
<td>44.44
|
405 |
+
</td>
|
406 |
+
<td>50.43
|
407 |
+
</td>
|
408 |
+
<td>55.04
|
409 |
+
</td>
|
410 |
+
<td>50.14
|
411 |
+
</td>
|
412 |
+
<td>50.05
|
413 |
+
</td>
|
414 |
+
</tr>
|
415 |
+
<tr>
|
416 |
+
<td><strong>Latxa 13B</strong>
|
417 |
+
</td>
|
418 |
+
<td>53.56
|
419 |
+
</td>
|
420 |
+
<td>65.85
|
421 |
+
</td>
|
422 |
+
<td>53.23
|
423 |
+
</td>
|
424 |
+
<td>48.66
|
425 |
+
</td>
|
426 |
+
<td><strong>53.61</strong>
|
427 |
+
</td>
|
428 |
+
<td>62.52
|
429 |
+
</td>
|
430 |
+
<td>57.14
|
431 |
+
</td>
|
432 |
+
<td>54.21
|
433 |
+
</td>
|
434 |
+
<td>56.10
|
435 |
+
</td>
|
436 |
+
</tr>
|
437 |
+
<tr>
|
438 |
+
<td><strong>Latxa 70B</strong>
|
439 |
+
</td>
|
440 |
+
<td><strong>71.78</strong>
|
441 |
+
</td>
|
442 |
+
<td><strong>67.57</strong>
|
443 |
+
</td>
|
444 |
+
<td><strong>63.52</strong>
|
445 |
+
</td>
|
446 |
+
<td><strong>48.95</strong>
|
447 |
+
</td>
|
448 |
+
<td>49.51
|
449 |
+
</td>
|
450 |
+
<td><strong>79.90</strong>
|
451 |
+
</td>
|
452 |
+
<td><strong>58.82</strong>
|
453 |
+
</td>
|
454 |
+
<td><strong>55.50</strong>
|
455 |
+
</td>
|
456 |
+
<td><strong>61.94</strong>
|
457 |
+
</td>
|
458 |
+
</tr>
|
459 |
+
</table>
|
460 |
+
|
461 |
+
|
462 |
+
|
463 |
+
# **Environmental Impact**
|
464 |
+
|
465 |
+
Carbon emissions are estimated using the[ Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in[ Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
|
466 |
+
|
467 |
+
|
468 |
+
|
469 |
+
* **Hardware Type:** HPC Cluster, 4x A100 64Gb nodes
|
470 |
+
* **Hours used:** 359.2h + 468.8h + 6475.52h = 7303.52h
|
471 |
+
* **Compute cluster:** CINECA HPC
|
472 |
+
* **Compute Region:** Italy
|
473 |
+
* **Carbon Emitted:** 673.75kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq
|
474 |
+
|
475 |
+
|
476 |
+
# **Acknowledgements**
|
477 |
+
|
478 |
+
This work has been partially supported by the Basque Government (IKER-GAITU project). The models were trained on the Leonardo supercomputer at CINECA under the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking, project EHPC-EXT-2023E01-013.
|