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library_name: peft
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base_model: meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-hf
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datasets:
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- meta-math/MetaMathQA
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- open-web-math/open-web-math
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- bigcode/starcoderdata
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- ise-uiuc/Magicoder-Evol-Instruct-110K
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language:
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---
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#
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These are model checkpoints and LoRA adapters from the research paper ["LoRA Learns Less and Forgets Less"](https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.09673) (Biderman et al. TMLR, 2024). This work was done in collaboration with [Databricks Mosaic AI Research](https://www.databricks.com/research/mosaic).
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## Model Details
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- **Model type:** Research Artifacts
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- **Language(s) (NLP):** English
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- **License:** cc-by-nc-4.0
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- **Finetuned from model:** Llama-2-7b
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We trained [Llama-2-7B](https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-hf) using full finetuning and LoRA. Model checkpoints and LoRA adapters can be found on HuggingFace here: [LoRA-TMLR-2024](https://huggingface.co/LoRA-TMLR-2024). Intermediate checkpoints can be found in the branches of the respective models.
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| Setting | Dataset | HuggingFace Collection |
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| Continued Pretraining - Code | [StarCoder-Python](https://huggingface.co/datasets/bigcode/starcoderdata) | [LoRA-TMLR-2024/continued-pretraining-code-starcoder-python](https://huggingface.co/collections/LoRA-TMLR-2024/continued-pretraining-code-starcoder-python-66f22ce3b26f416f21f58142) |
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| Continued Pretraing - Math | [OpenWebMath](https://huggingface.co/datasets/open-web-math/open-web-math) | [LoRA-TMLR-2024/continued-pretraining-math-openwebmath](https://huggingface.co/collections/LoRA-TMLR-2024/continued-pretraining-math-openwebmath-66f31d12f55fb27de05b2e3f) |
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| Instruction Finetuning - Code | [Magicoder-Evol-Instruct-110K](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ise-uiuc/Magicoder-Evol-Instruct-110K)| [LoRA-TMLR-2024/instruction-finetuning-code-magicoder-evol-instruct-110k](https://huggingface.co/collections/LoRA-TMLR-2024/instruction-finetuning-code-magicoder-evol-instruct-110k-66f224a800152f31e4942a3b) |
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| Instruction Finetuning - Math | [MetaMathQA](https://huggingface.co/datasets/meta-math/MetaMathQA) | [LoRA-TMLR-2024/instruction-finetuning-math-metamathqa](https://huggingface.co/collections/LoRA-TMLR-2024/instruction-finetuning-math-metamathqa-66f31cc40fda6b6b938d33e2) |
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### Model Sources
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<!-- Provide the basic links for the model. -->
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- **Repository:** [
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- **Paper:** [
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### Abstract
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Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a widely-used parameter-efficient finetuning method for
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large language models. LoRA saves memory by training only low rank perturbations to
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selected weight matrices. In this work, we compare the performance of LoRA and full
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finetuning on two target domains, programming and mathematics. We consider both the
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instruction finetuning (≈100K prompt-response pairs) and continued pretraining (≈20B
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unstructured tokens) data regimes. Our results show that, in the standard low-rank settings,
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LoRA substantially underperforms full finetuning. Nevertheless, LoRA better maintains the
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base model’s performance on tasks outside the target domain. We show that LoRA mitigates
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forgetting more than common regularization techniques such as weight decay and dropout;
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it also helps maintain more diverse generations. Finally, we show that full finetuning learns
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perturbations with a rank that is 10-100× greater than typical LoRA configurations, possibly
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explaining some of the reported gaps. We conclude by proposing best practices for finetuning
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with LoRA.
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## Uses
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<!-- Address questions around how the model is intended to be used, including the foreseeable users of the model and those affected by the model. -->
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These are research artifacts that are intended for research purposes only.
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## Training Details
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. -->
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| Setting | Dataset |
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| --------| ------|
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| Continued Pretraining - Code | [StarCoder-Python](https://huggingface.co/datasets/bigcode/starcoderdata) |
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| Continued Pretraing - Math | [OpenWebMath](https://huggingface.co/datasets/open-web-math/open-web-math) |
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| Instruction Finetuning - Code | [Magicoder-Evol-Instruct-110K](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ise-uiuc/Magicoder-Evol-Instruct-110K)|
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| Instruction Finetuning - Math | [MetaMathQA](https://huggingface.co/datasets/meta-math/MetaMathQA) |
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### Training Procedure
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<!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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[
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| learning_rate | 1.0e-05 for LoRA and Full Finetuning |
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| scheduler | inv_sqrt_with_warmup (t_scale=1000ba, t_warmup=1000ba, t_cooldown=5086ba, alpha_f_decay=1, alpha_f_cooldown=0) |
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| weight_decay | 1.0e-06 |
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| precision | amp_bf16 |
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| global_train_batch_size | 192 |
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| device_train_microbatch_size | 6 |
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| gradient_clipping | norm (threshold=1) |
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| num_gpus | 32 |
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We trained models for 0.25B, 0.5B, 1B, 2B, 4B, 8B, 16B and 20B tokens. These checkpoints can be found for each LoRA and full finetuning setting in the HuggingFace model branches.
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## Math CPT (OpenWebMath)
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[OpenWebMath](https://huggingface.co/datasets/open-web-math/open-web-math) (Paster et al., 2023) - This dataset contains 14.7B tokens derived from mathematical web pages from Common Crawl, correctly formatted to preserve mathematical content such as LaTeX equations. To match with the StarCoder-Python dataset, we trained on up to 20B tokens, repeating tokens beyond the first 14.7B. An analysis of this dataset shows that it contains a considerable amount of full English sentences.
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| Parameter | Value |
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|------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| max_seq_len | 4096 |
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| optimizer | decoupled_lionw (betas=[0.9, 0.95]) |
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| learning_rate | 1.0e-05 for full finetuning, 4.0e-05 for LoRA |
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| scheduler | inv_sqrt_with_warmup (t_scale=1000ba, t_warmup=1000ba, t_cooldown=5086ba, alpha_f_decay=1, alpha_f_cooldown=0) |
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| weight_decay | 0 |
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| precision | amp_bf16 |
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| global_train_batch_size | 192 |
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| device_train_microbatch_size | 6 |
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| gradient_clipping | norm (threshold=1) |
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| num_gpus | 32 |
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We trained models for 0.25B, 0.5B, 1B, 2B, 4B, 8B, 16B and 20B tokens. These checkpoints can be found for each LoRA and full finetuning setting in the HuggingFace model branches.
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## Code IFT (Magicoder-Evol-Instruct-110K)
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[Magicoder-Evol-Instruct-110K](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ise-uiuc/Magicoder-Evol-Instruct-110K) (Wei et al., 2023) This dataset contains 72.97M tokens
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of programming questions and answers. It reproduces the “Evol-Instruct” dataset of WizardCoder (Luo et al., 2023b) by iteratively prompting an LLM (GPT-4) to increase the difficulty of a set of question-answer pairs
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from Code Alpaca (Chaudhary, 2023).
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| Parameter | Value |
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| max_seq_len | 4096 |
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| optimizer | decoupled_lionw (betas=[0.9, 0.95]) |
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| learning_rate | 5e-5 for full finetuning; 2e-4 for rank r = 16, 64 and 1e-4 for r = 256 α = 2r = 512 (due to instabilities/loss spikes at 2e-4) |
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| scheduler | cosine_with_warmup (alpha_f=0.01, t_warmup=0.1dur) |
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| weight_decay | 0 |
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| precision | amp_bf16 |
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| global_train_batch_size | 192 |
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| device_train_microbatch_size | 6 |
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| gradient_clipping | norm (threshold=1) |
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| num_gpus | 32 |
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Each model was finetuned separately for 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 epochs.
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| Epoch | Number of Batches | Estimated Tokens |
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| 1 | 193 | 72,970,000 |
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| 2 | 386 | 145,940,000 |
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| 4 | 772 | 291,880,000 |
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| 8 | 1544 | 583,760,000 |
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| 16 | 3088 | 1,167,520,000 |
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## Math IFT (MetaMathQA)
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[MetaMathQA](https://huggingface.co/datasets/meta-math/MetaMathQA) (Yu et al., 2023) This dataset was built by bootstrapping mathematical
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word problems from the training sets of GSM8K (Cobbe et al., 2021) and MATH (Hendrycks et al., 2021) by
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rewriting the questions with variations using GPT-3.5. This dataset contains 395K question-answer pairs and
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roughly 103M tokens.
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| Parameter | Value |
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| seq_len | 1024 |
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| optimizer | decoupled_lionw (betas=[0.9, 0.95]) |
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| learning_rate | Full finetuning: 1e-5, LoRA: 1e-4 for r = 16, 64, 5e-5 for r = 256 due to instabilities |
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| scheduler | cosine_with_warmup (alpha_f=0.01, t_warmup=0.1dur) |
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| weight_decay | 0 |
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| precision | amp_bf16 |
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| global_train_batch_size | 768 |
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| device_train_microbatch_size | 24 |
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| gradient_clipping | norm (threshold=1) |
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| num_gpus | 32 |
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Each model was finetuned separately for 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 epochs.
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| Epoch | Estimated Tokens |
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| 1 | 103,000,000 |
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| 2 | 206,000,000 |
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| 4 | 412,000,000 |
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| 8 | 824,000,000 |
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| 16 | 1,648,000,000 |
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## Evaluation
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**BibTeX:**
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### Framework versions
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- PEFT 0.11.1
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base_model: meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-hf
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library_name: peft
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---
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# Model Card for Model ID
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<!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. -->
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## Model Details
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### Model Description
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- **Developed by:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Shared by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Model type:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
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- **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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### Model Sources [optional]
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<!-- Provide the basic links for the model. -->
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- **Repository:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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## Uses
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<!-- Address questions around how the model is intended to be used, including the foreseeable users of the model and those affected by the model. -->
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### Direct Use
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<!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Downstream Use [optional]
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<!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Out-of-Scope Use
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<!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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<!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Recommendations
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<!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
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Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
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## How to Get Started with the Model
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Use the code below to get started with the model.
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[More Information Needed]
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## Training Details
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[More Information Needed]
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### Training Procedure
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<!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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#### Preprocessing [optional]
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Training Hyperparameters
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- **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
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#### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
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<!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Evaluation
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<!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. -->
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### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
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#### Testing Data
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card if possible. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Factors
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<!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Metrics
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<!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Results
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Summary
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## Model Examination [optional]
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<!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Environmental Impact
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<!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
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Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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- **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Hours used:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed]
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## Technical Specifications [optional]
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### Model Architecture and Objective
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[More Information Needed]
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### Compute Infrastructure
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Hardware
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Software
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[More Information Needed]
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## Citation [optional]
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<!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
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**BibTeX:**
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[More Information Needed]
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**APA:**
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[More Information Needed]
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## Glossary [optional]
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<!-- If relevant, include terms and calculations in this section that can help readers understand the model or model card. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## More Information [optional]
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[More Information Needed]
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## Model Card Authors [optional]
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[More Information Needed]
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## Model Card Contact
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[More Information Needed]
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### Framework versions
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- PEFT 0.11.1
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