--- language: - zh - en tags: - similarity - antonym - synonym --- # near-synonym >>> near-synonym, 中文反义词/近义词/同义词(antonym/synonym)工具包. # 一、安装 ## 1.1 注意事项 默认不指定numpy版本(标准版numpy==1.20.4) 标准版本的依赖包详见 requirements-all.txt ## 1.2 通过PyPI安装 ``` pip install near-synonym 使用镜像源, 如: pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple near-synonym 不带依赖安装, 之后缺什么包再补充什么 pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple near-synonym --no-dependencies ``` ## 1.3 模型文件 - github项目源码自带模型文件只有1w+词向量, 完整模型文件在near_synonym/near_synonym_model, - pip下载的软件包里边只有5w+词向量, 放在data目录下; - 完整的词向量详见[huggingface](https://huggingface.co/)网站的[Macropodus/near_synonym_model](https://huggingface.co/Macropodus/near_synonym_model), - 或完整的词向量详见百度网盘分享链接[https://pan.baidu.com/s/1lDSCtpr0r2hKrGrK8ZLlFQ](https://pan.baidu.com/s/1lDSCtpr0r2hKrGrK8ZLlFQ), 密码: ff0y # 二、使用方式 ## 2.1 快速使用, 反义词, 近义词 ```python3 import near_synonym word = "喜欢" word_antonyms = near_synonym.antonyms(word) word_synonyms = near_synonym.synonyms(word) print("反义词:") print(word_antonyms) print("近义词:") print(word_synonyms) """ 反义词: [('讨厌', 0.6857), ('厌恶', 0.5406), ('憎恶', 0.485), ('不喜欢', 0.4079), ('冷漠', 0.4051)] 近义词: [('喜爱', 0.8813), ('爱好', 0.8193), ('感兴趣', 0.7399), ('赞赏', 0.6849), ('倾向', 0.6137)] """ ``` ## 2.2 详细使用 ```python3 import near_synonym word = "喜欢" word_antonyms = near_synonym.antonyms(word, topk=8, annk=256, annk_cpu=128, batch_size=32, rate_ann=0.4, rate_sim=0.4, rate_len=0.2, rounded=4, is_debug=False) print("反义词:") print(word_antonyms) # 当前版本速度很慢, 召回数量annk_cpu/annk可以调小 ``` # 三、技术原理 ## 3.1 技术详情 ``` near-synonym, 中文反义词/近义词工具包. 流程: Word2vec -> ANN -> NLI -> Length # Word2vec, 词向量, 使用skip-ngram的词向量; # ANN, 近邻搜索, 使用annoy检索召回; # NLI, 自然语言推断, 使用Roformer-sim的v2版本, 区分反义词/近义词; # Length, 惩罚项, 词语的文本长度惩罚; ``` ## 3.2 TODO ``` 1. 推理加速, 训练小的NLI模型, 替换掉笨重且不太合适的roformer-sim-ft;【20240320已完成ERNIE-SIM,但转为ONNX为340M太大, 考虑浅层网络, 转第四点4.】 2. 使用大模型构建更多的NLI语料; 3. 使用大模型直接生成近义词, 同义词表, 用于前置索引+训练相似度;【20240407已完成】 4. 近义词反义词识别考虑使用经典NLP分类模型, text_cnn/text-rcnn, 基于字向量;【do-ing, 仿transformers写config/tokenizer/model, 方便余预训练模型集成】 5. word2vec召回不太行, 考虑直接使用大模型qwen1.5-0.5b生成; ``` ## 3.3 其他实验 ``` fail, 使用情感识别, 取得不同情感下的词语(失败, 例如可爱/漂亮同为积极情感); fail, 使用NLI自然推理, 已有的语料是句子, 不是太适配; ``` # 四、对比 ## 4.1 相似度比较 | 词语 | 2016词林改进版 | 知网hownet | Synonyms | near-synonym | |--------------|-----------------|---------------|-----------------| ----------------- | | "轿车","汽车" | 0.82 | 1.0 | 0.73 | 0.86 | | "宝石","宝物" | 0.83 | 0.17 | 0.71 | 0.81 | | "旅游","游历" | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.59 | 0.72 | | "男孩子","小伙子" | 0.81 | 1.0 | 0.88 | 0.83 | | "海岸","海滨" | 0.94 | 1.0 | 0.68 | 0.9 | | "庇护所","精神病院" | 0.96 | 0.58 | 0.64 | 0.62 | | "魔术师","巫师" | 0.85 | 0.58 | 0.66 | 0.78 | | "火炉","炉灶" | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.81 | 0.83 | | "中午","正午" | 0.98 | 0.58 | 0.85 | 0.88 | | "食物","水果" | 0.35 | 0.14 | 0.74 | 0.82 | | "鸟","公鸡" | 0.64 | 1.0 | 0.67 | 0.72 | | "鸟","鹤" | 0.1 | 1.0 | 0.64 | 0.81 | | "工具","器械" | 0.53 | 1.0 | 0.62 | 0.75 | | "兄弟","和尚" | 0.37 | 0.80 | 0.59 | 0.7 | | "起重机","器械" | 0.53 | 0.35 | 0.61 | 0.65 | 注:2016词林改进版/知网hownet/Synonyms数据、分数来源于[chatopera/Synonyms](https://github.com/chatopera/Synonyms)。同义词林及知网数据、分数的次级来源为[liuhuanyong/SentenceSimilarity](https://github.com/liuhuanyong/SentenceSimilarity)。 # 五、参考 - [https://ai.tencent.com/ailab/nlp/en/index.html](https://ai.tencent.com/ailab/nlp/en/index.html) - [https://github.com/ZhuiyiTechnology/roformer-sim](https://github.com/ZhuiyiTechnology/roformer-sim) - [https://github.com/liuhuanyong/SentenceSimilarity](https://github.com/liuhuanyong/SentenceSimilarity) - [https://github.com/yongzhuo/Macropodus](https://github.com/yongzhuo/Macropodus) - [https://github.com/chatopera/Synonyms](https://github.com/chatopera/Synonyms) # 六、日历 ``` 2024.04.07, qwen-7b-chat模型构建28w+词典的近义词/反义词表, 即ci_atmnonym_synonym.json, v0.1.0版本(使用huggface_hub下载数据); 2024.03.14, 初始化near-synonym, v0.0.3版本; ``` # Reference For citing this work, you can refer to the present GitHub project. For example, with BibTeX: ``` @misc{Macropodus, howpublished = {https://github.com/yongzhuo/near-synonym}, title = {near-synonym}, author = {Yongzhuo Mo}, publisher = {GitHub}, year = {2024} } ```