---
license: llama3.1
base_model:
- meta-llama/Llama-3.1-405B-Instruct
---

# SwiftKV 

The Snowflake AI Research team is releasing a series of SwiftKV optimized Llama-3.1 models. [SwiftKV](https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.03960) is a series of inference optimizations that goes beyond traditional key-value (KV) cache compression. This method reduces computational overhead during prompt processing by combining model rewiring and knowledge-preserving self-distillation, allowing prefill tokens to skip up to half the model's layers. SwiftKV achieves up to 2x improvements in throughput, latency, and cost efficiency with minimal accuracy loss, making LLM deployments more performant and economically viable.

For more details about SwiftKV and how to use it: 
* ❄️ [SwiftKV: Accelerating Enterprise LLM Workloads with Knowledge Preserving Compute Reduction (blog)](https://www.snowflake.com/engineering-blog/swiftkv-llm-compute-reduction/)
* 📝 [SwiftKV: Fast Prefill-Optimized Inference with Knowledge-Preserving Model Transformation (arXiv)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.03960)
* 🚀 [Getting started guide](https://github.com/Snowflake-Labs/vllm/tree/swiftkv/examples/swiftkv)

## Performance Metrics

To evaluate SwiftKV’s performance, we focus on the following key metrics (see more details in our [blog](https://www.snowflake.com/engineering-blog/swiftkv-llm-compute-reduction/)):
* Combined throughput: The total number of input and output tokens processed per second. This determines:
  * For batch processing, the time required to complete jobs.
  * For interactive use, the volume of concurrent requests a system can handle.
* TTFT: The latency between a user request and receiving the first token in the response.
* TPOT: The latency between subsequent tokens after the first token.

Combined input and output throughput for Llama 3.1 70B (left) and Llama 3.1 405B (right) across a range of input lengths (bottom).
<img src="figure-4-full.png" alt="performance plot of llama-405B w. swiftkv" width="800">

TTFT (top) and TPOT (bottom) for input lengths 2000 (left), 8000 (middle), and 32000 (right) for Llama 3.1 405B fp8 model. For each experiment, a range of different request arrival rates is simulated. Each request generates 256 output tokens. 
<img src="figure-6.png" alt="performance plot of llama-405B w. swiftkv" width="700">


## Eval Metrics

For a full breakdown on evaluation metrics and performance impact please refer to our [blog](https://www.snowflake.com/engineering-blog/swiftkv-llm-compute-reduction/) and [arXiv paper]((https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.03960)) but below we've outlined some relevant evaluation metrics.

| Llama-3.1-405B-Instruct-FP8 | Arc Challenge | Winogrande | HellaSwag | TruthfulQA | MMLU | MMLU cot | GSM8K | Avg |
|-----------|---------------|------------|-----------|------------|------|----------|-------|-----|
| Baseline | 94.7 | 87.0 | 88.3 | 64.7 | 87.5 | 88.1 | 96.1 | **86.6** |
| 50% SingleInputKV | 94.0 | 86.3 | 88.1 | 64.2 | 85.7 | 87.5 | 95.2 | **85.9** |

| Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct | Arc Challenge | Winogrande | HellaSwag | TruthfulQA | MMLU | MMLU cot | GSM8K | Avg |
|-----------|---------------|------------|-----------|------------|------|----------|-------|-----|
| Baseline | 82.00 | 77.90 | 80.40 | 54.56 | 67.90 | 70.63 | 82.56 | **73.71** |
| 50% SingleInputKV | 80.38 | 78.22 | 79.30 | 54.54 | 67.30 | 69.73 | 79.45 | **72.70** |

## Get started by serving SwiftKV on vLLM

Instructions on how to use vLLM for both evaluation and performance benchmarks:
https://github.com/Snowflake-Labs/vllm/tree/swiftkv/examples/swiftkv