README.md

---
license: apache-2.0
language:
- en
library_name: transformers
tags:
- Tulu3
- Smollm
- SLMs
- Small
- Huggingface
- Allenai
- SFT
- DPO
- GGUF
base_model:
- HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-1.7B
datasets:
- allenai/tulu-3-sft-mixture
- allenai/llama-3.1-tulu-3-8b-preference-mixture
pipeline_tag: text-generation
model-index:
- name: SmolTulu-1.7b-Instruct
  results:
  - task:
      type: text-generation
      name: Text Generation
    dataset:
      name: IFEval (0-Shot)
      type: HuggingFaceH4/ifeval
      args:
        num_few_shot: 0
    metrics:
    - type: inst_level_strict_acc and prompt_level_strict_acc
      value: 65.41
      name: strict accuracy
    source:
      url: https://huggingface.co/spaces/open-llm-leaderboard/open_llm_leaderboard?query=SultanR/SmolTulu-1.7b-Instruct
      name: Open LLM Leaderboard
  - task:
      type: text-generation
      name: Text Generation
    dataset:
      name: BBH (3-Shot)
      type: BBH
      args:
        num_few_shot: 3
    metrics:
    - type: acc_norm
      value: 12.26
      name: normalized accuracy
    source:
      url: https://huggingface.co/spaces/open-llm-leaderboard/open_llm_leaderboard?query=SultanR/SmolTulu-1.7b-Instruct
      name: Open LLM Leaderboard
  - task:
      type: text-generation
      name: Text Generation
    dataset:
      name: MATH Lvl 5 (4-Shot)
      type: hendrycks/competition_math
      args:
        num_few_shot: 4
    metrics:
    - type: exact_match
      value: 2.64
      name: exact match
    source:
      url: https://huggingface.co/spaces/open-llm-leaderboard/open_llm_leaderboard?query=SultanR/SmolTulu-1.7b-Instruct
      name: Open LLM Leaderboard
  - task:
      type: text-generation
      name: Text Generation
    dataset:
      name: GPQA (0-shot)
      type: Idavidrein/gpqa
      args:
        num_few_shot: 0
    metrics:
    - type: acc_norm
      value: 2.57
      name: acc_norm
    source:
      url: https://huggingface.co/spaces/open-llm-leaderboard/open_llm_leaderboard?query=SultanR/SmolTulu-1.7b-Instruct
      name: Open LLM Leaderboard
  - task:
      type: text-generation
      name: Text Generation
    dataset:
      name: MuSR (0-shot)
      type: TAUR-Lab/MuSR
      args:
        num_few_shot: 0
    metrics:
    - type: acc_norm
      value: 1.92
      name: acc_norm
    source:
      url: https://huggingface.co/spaces/open-llm-leaderboard/open_llm_leaderboard?query=SultanR/SmolTulu-1.7b-Instruct
      name: Open LLM Leaderboard
  - task:
      type: text-generation
      name: Text Generation
    dataset:
      name: MMLU-PRO (5-shot)
      type: TIGER-Lab/MMLU-Pro
      config: main
      split: test
      args:
        num_few_shot: 5
    metrics:
    - type: acc
      value: 7.89
      name: accuracy
    source:
      url: https://huggingface.co/spaces/open-llm-leaderboard/open_llm_leaderboard?query=SultanR/SmolTulu-1.7b-Instruct
      name: Open LLM Leaderboard
---

# SmolLM2 1.7b Instruction Tuned & DPO Aligned through Tulu 3!

![SmolTulu Banner](smoltulubanner.png)

SmolTulu-1.7b-Instruct is the first model in a series of models meant to leverage [AllenAI's Tulu 3 post-training pipeline](https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.15124) to tune the [base version of Huggingface's SmolLM2-1.7b](https://huggingface.co/HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-1.7B)! The post training pipeline AllenAI came up with seemed like something perfect to apply here.

This model scores the highest current score in both IFEval and GSM8k (after SmolTulu-1.7b-Reinforced) while maintaining the extremely low contamination levels in Tulu 3 and SmolLM2! I've listed the datasets used to do both the SFT (supervised finetuning) and DPO (direct preference optimization) stages.

Something important to note, this model has only undergone SFT and DPO! Find the RLVR version here, [SmolTulu-1.7b-Reinforced](https://huggingface.co/SultanR/SmolTulu-1.7b-Reinforced)

## Evaluation

I ran these evaluations using [SmolLM2's evaluation code](https://github.com/huggingface/smollm/tree/main/evaluation) for a more fair comparison.

| Metric | SmolTulu-1.7b-Instruct | SmolTulu-1.7b-Reinforced | SmolLM2-1.7B-Instruct | Llama-1B-Instruct | Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct | SmolLM1-1.7B-Instruct |
|:----------------------------|:---------------------:|:---------------------:|:---------------------:|:---------------------:|:---------------------:|:---------------------:|
| ARC (Average) | 51.5 | 51.1 | **51.7** | 41.6 | 46.2 | 43.7 |
| BBH (3-shot) | 33.8 | 33.4 | 32.2 | 27.6 | **35.3** | 25.7 |
| GSM8K (5-shot) | 51.6 | **61.0** | 48.2 | 26.8 | 42.8 | 4.6 |
| HellaSwag | 61.1 | 60.4 | **66.1** | 56.1 | 60.9 | 55.5 |
| IFEval (Average prompt/inst) | 67.7 | **69.3** | 56.7 | 53.5 | 47.4 | 23.1 |
| MMLU-Pro (MCF) | 17.4 | 17.3 | 19.3 | 12.7 | **24.2** | 11.7 |
| PIQA | 72.2 | 72.1 | **74.4** | 72.3 | 73.2 | 71.6 |

## Training Details

The model was trained using Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) with the following configuration:
- Base model: SmolLM2-1.7B with AllenAI's SFT pipeline ran
- Mixed precision: bfloat16
- Learning rate: 8e-7 with linear scheduler
- Warmup ratio: 0.1
- Training epochs: 1
- Effective batch size: 12
- Sequence length: 4096 tokens
- DPO loss: Length-normalized DPO
- DPO beta: 5.0
- Gradient checkpointing enabled
- DeepSpeed Stage 3 for memory optimization

## Usage

Just like any Huggingface model, just run it using the transformers library:

```python
# pip install transformers
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
checkpoint = "SultanR/SmolTulu-1.7b-Instruct"
device = "cuda" # for GPU usage or "cpu" for CPU usage
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(checkpoint)
# for multiple GPUs install accelerate and do `model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(checkpoint, device_map="auto")`
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(checkpoint).to(device)
inputs = tokenizer.encode("Gravity is", return_tensors="pt").to(device)
outputs = model.generate(inputs)
print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0]))
```

You can also use the model in llama.cpp through the [gguf version](https://huggingface.co/SultanR/SmolTulu-1.7b-Instruct-GGUF)!

## [Open LLM Leaderboard Evaluation Results](https://huggingface.co/spaces/open-llm-leaderboard/open_llm_leaderboard)

Detailed results can be found [here](https://huggingface.co/datasets/open-llm-leaderboard/details_SultanR__SmolTulu-1.7b-Instruct)

To give a more holistic overview, I also added the Open LLM Leaderboard results, which differ a lot from the script that was used to benchmark SmolLM2-Instruct.

As of writing this, the number 1 ranking model in IFEval for any model under 2 billion parameters :)

|      Metric       |Value|
|-------------------|----:|
|Avg.               |15.45|
|IFEval (0-Shot)    |65.41|
|BBH (3-Shot)       |12.26|
|MATH Lvl 5 (4-Shot)| 2.64|
|GPQA (0-shot)      | 2.57|
|MuSR (0-shot)      | 1.92|
|MMLU-PRO (5-shot)  | 7.89|

## Citation

```
@misc{alrashed2024smoltuluhigherlearningrate,
      title={SmolTulu: Higher Learning Rate to Batch Size Ratios Can Lead to Better Reasoning in SLMs}, 
      author={Sultan Alrashed},
      year={2024},
      eprint={2412.08347},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.08347}, 
}
```

The training methodology follows the Tulu 3 paper:

```
@article{lambert2024tulu3,
  title={TÜLU 3: Pushing Frontiers in Open Language Model Post-Training},
  author={Lambert, Nathan and Morrison, Jacob and Pyatkin, Valentina and others},
  year={2024},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2411.15124}
}
```