---
license: mit
language:
- fr
pipeline_tag: fill-mask
tags:
- biomedical
- clinical
- life sciences
datasets:
- rntc/biomed-fr
widget:
- text: >-
    Les médicaments <mask> typiques sont largement utilisés dans le traitement
    de première intention des patients schizophrènes.
library_name: transformers
---

<a href=https://camembert-bio-model.fr/>
  <img width="300px" src="https://silver-crostata-bec6c0.netlify.app/authors/camembert-bio/avatar_hu793b92579abd63a955d3004af578ed96_116953_270x270_fill_lanczos_center_3.png">
</a>

# CamemBERT-bio : a Tasty French Language Model Better for your Health

CamemBERT-bio is a state-of-the-art french biomedical language model built using continual-pretraining from [camembert-base](https://huggingface.co/camembert-base). 
It was trained on a french public biomedical corpus of 413M words containing scientific documents, drug leaflets and clinical cases extrated from theses and articles.
It shows 2.54 points of F1 score improvement on average on 5 different biomedical named entity recognition tasks compared to [camembert-base](https://huggingface.co/camembert-base).

## Absract

Clinical data in hospitals are increasingly accessible for research through clinical data warehouses, however these documents are unstructured. It is therefore necessary to extract information from medical
reports to conduct clinical studies. Transfer learning with BERT-like models such as CamemBERT
has allowed major advances, especially for named entity recognition. However, these models are
trained for plain language and are less efficient on biomedical data. This is why we propose a new
french public biomedical dataset on which we have continued the pre-training of CamemBERT. Thus,
we introduce a first version of CamemBERT-bio, a specialized public model for the french biomedical
domain that shows 2.54 points of F1 score improvement on average on different biomedical named
entity recognition tasks.

- **Developed by:** [Rian Touchent](https://rian-t.github.io), [Eric Villemonte de La Clergerie](http://pauillac.inria.fr/~clerger/)
- **Logo by:** [Alix Chagué](https://alix-tz.github.io)
- **License:** MIT

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## Training Details

### Training Data

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| **Corpus** | **Details**                                                        | **Size** |
|------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------|------------|
| ISTEX      | diverse scientific literature indexed on ISTEX  | 276 M      |
| CLEAR      | drug leaflets                                           | 73 M       |
| E3C        | various documents from journals, drug leaflets, and clinical cases | 64 M       |
| Total      |                                                                    | 413 M      |


### Training Procedure 

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We used continual-pretraining from [camembert-base](https://huggingface.co/camembert-base). 
We trained the model using the Masked Language Modeling (MLM) objective with Whole Word Masking for 50k steps during 39 hours
with 2 Tesla V100.

## Evaluation

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### Fine-tuning

For fine-tuning, we utilized Optuna to select the hyperparameters. 
The learning rate was set to 5e-5, with a warmup ratio of 0.224 and a batch size of 16. 
The fine-tuning process was carried out for 2000 steps. 
For prediction, a simple linear layer was added on top of the model. 
Notably, none of the CamemBERT layers were frozen during the fine-tuning process.

### Scoring

To evaluate the performance of the model, we used the seqeval tool in strict mode with the IOB2 scheme. 
For each evaluation, the best fine-tuned model on the validation set was selected to calculate the final score on the test set. 
To ensure reliability, we averaged over 10 evaluations with different seeds.

### Results 

| Style        | Dataset | Score | CamemBERT         | CamemBERT-bio         |
| :----------- | :------ | :---- | :---------------: | :-------------------: |
| Clinical     | CAS1    | F1    | 70\.50 ~~±~~ 1.75 | **73\.03 ~~±~~ 1.29** |
|              |         | P     | 70\.12 ~~±~~ 1.93 | **71\.71 ~~±~~ 1.61**     |
|              |         | R     | 70\.89 ~~±~~ 1.78 | **74\.42 ~~±~~ 1.49** |
|              | CAS2    | F1    | 79\.02 ~~±~~ 0.92 | **81\.66 ~~±~~ 0.59** |
|              |         | P     | 77\.3 ~~±~~ 1.36  | **80\.96 ~~±~~ 0.91** |
|              |         | R     | 80\.83 ~~±~~ 0.96 | **82\.37 ~~±~~ 0.69** |
|              | E3C     | F1    | 67\.63 ~~±~~ 1.45 | **69\.85 ~~±~~ 1.58** |
|              |         | P     | 78\.19 ~~±~~ 0.72 | **79\.11 ~~±~~ 0.42** |
|              |         | R     | 59\.61 ~~±~~ 2.25 | **62\.56 ~~±~~ 2.50** |
| Drug leaflets      | EMEA    | F1    | 74\.14 ~~±~~ 1.95 | **76\.71 ~~±~~ 1.50** |
|              |         | P     | 74\.62 ~~±~~ 1.97 | **76\.92 ~~±~~ 1.96** |
|              |         | R     | 73\.68 ~~±~~ 2.22 | **76\.52 ~~±~~ 1.62** |
| Scientific | MEDLINE | F1    | 65\.73 ~~±~~ 0.40 | **68\.47 ~~±~~ 0.54** |
|              |         | P     | 64\.94 ~~±~~ 0.82 | **67\.77 ~~±~~ 0.88** |
|              |         | R     | 66\.56 ~~±~~ 0.56 | **69\.21 ~~±~~ 1.32** |


## Environmental Impact estimation

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- **Hardware Type:** 2 x Tesla V100
- **Hours used:** 39 hours
- **Provider:** INRIA clusters
- **Compute Region:** Paris, France
- **Carbon Emitted:** 0.84 kg CO2 eq.

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<!-- **BibTeX:** -->

## Citation information

```bibtex
@unpublished{touchent:hal-04085419,
  TITLE = {{CamemBERT-bio : Un mod{\`e}le de langue fran{\c c}ais savoureux et meilleur pour la sant{\'e}}},
  AUTHOR = {Touchent, Rian and Romary, Laurent and Villemonte de La Clergerie, Eric},
  URL = {https://hal.science/hal-04085419},
  NOTE = {working paper or preprint},
  YEAR = {2023},
  MONTH = May,
  KEYWORDS = {Clinical NLP ; Information Extraction ; Biomedical ; Named entity recognition ; EHR ; Comptes-rendus hospitaliers ; TAL clinique ; CamemBERT ; Extraction d'information ; Biom{\'e}dical ; Reconnaissance d'entit{\'e}s nomm{\'e}es},
  PDF = {https://hal.science/hal-04085419/file/camembert-bio.pdf},
  HAL_ID = {hal-04085419},
  HAL_VERSION = {v1},
}
```

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