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The dataset generation failed because of a cast error
Error code: DatasetGenerationCastError
Exception: DatasetGenerationCastError
Message: An error occurred while generating the dataset
All the data files must have the same columns, but at some point there are 1 new columns ({'Sub-Domain'})
This happened while the csv dataset builder was generating data using
hf://datasets/1-800-LLMs/Test-Collection/Full-Test-English-Merged-Shuffled.csv (at revision 2ae2cd7cbf57a39c370a94dd0fd62b17bbd88b42)
Please either edit the data files to have matching columns, or separate them into different configurations (see docs at https://hf.co/docs/hub/datasets-manual-configuration#multiple-configurations)
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1870, in _prepare_split_single
writer.write_table(table)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 622, in write_table
pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self._schema)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2292, in table_cast
return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2240, in cast_table_to_schema
raise CastError(
datasets.table.CastError: Couldn't cast
Input: string
Output: string
Sub-Domain: string
Dataset: string
-- schema metadata --
pandas: '{"index_columns": [{"kind": "range", "name": null, "start": 0, "' + 719
to
{'Input': Value(dtype='string', id=None), 'Output': Value(dtype='string', id=None), 'Dataset': Value(dtype='string', id=None)}
because column names don't match
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1420, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
parquet_operations = convert_to_parquet(builder)
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1052, in convert_to_parquet
builder.download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 924, in download_and_prepare
self._download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1000, in _download_and_prepare
self._prepare_split(split_generator, **prepare_split_kwargs)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1741, in _prepare_split
for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1872, in _prepare_split_single
raise DatasetGenerationCastError.from_cast_error(
datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationCastError: An error occurred while generating the dataset
All the data files must have the same columns, but at some point there are 1 new columns ({'Sub-Domain'})
This happened while the csv dataset builder was generating data using
hf://datasets/1-800-LLMs/Test-Collection/Full-Test-English-Merged-Shuffled.csv (at revision 2ae2cd7cbf57a39c370a94dd0fd62b17bbd88b42)
Please either edit the data files to have matching columns, or separate them into different configurations (see docs at https://hf.co/docs/hub/datasets-manual-configuration#multiple-configurations)Need help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.
Input
string | Output
string | Dataset
string |
|---|---|---|
Which statement best explains why photosynthesis is the foundation of most food webs? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: Sunlight is the source of energy for nearly all ecosystems.', 'B: Most ecosystems are found on land instead of in water.', 'C: Carbon dioxide is more available than other gases.', 'D: The producers in all ecosystems are plants.'] | A | ARC-Challenge |
Which piece of safety equipment is used to keep mold spores from entering the respiratory system? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: safety goggles', 'B: breathing mask', 'C: rubber gloves', 'D: lead apron'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
Meiosis is a type of cell division in which germ cells divide to produce haploid cells. Where does meiosis occur? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: brain cells', 'B: bone cells', 'C: muscle cells', 'D: ovary cells'] | D | ARC-Challenge |
Which characteristic describes the texture of a kitten's fur? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: gray', 'B: warm', 'C: long', 'D: soft'] | D | ARC-Challenge |
Which best describes the structure of an atom? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: a lightweight core surrounded by neutral particles', 'B: a massive core surrounded by negatively-charged particles', 'C: a network of interacting positive and negative particles', 'D: overlapping layers of neutral, positive, and negative particles'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
To express the distance between the Milky Way galaxy and other galaxies, the most appropriate unit of measurement is the ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: meter.', 'B: kilometer.', 'C: light-year.', 'D: astronomical unit.'] | C | ARC-Challenge |
A student has just completed a laboratory activity. What is the last action that the student should perform before leaving the lab area? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: wash hands', 'B: turn off all equipment', 'C: put away all glassware', 'D: wash instruments and table tops'] | A | ARC-Challenge |
Students are investigating the effects of different fertilizers on plant growth. Which units would be best to measure the mass of the fertilizer used? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: meters', 'B: centimeters', 'C: grams', 'D: milligrams'] | C | ARC-Challenge |
Plants use sunlight to make ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: soil.', 'B: minerals.', 'C: food.', 'D: water.'] | C | ARC-Challenge |
Which of these correctly identifies the way materials are transported in a plant? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: Xylem carries water from the roots to the leaves.', 'B: Phloem carries minerals from the roots to the leaves.', 'C: Xylem carries sugars from the flowers to the stems.', 'D: Phloem carries water from the flowers to the stems.'] | A | ARC-Challenge |
When trees develop leaves in the spring, 10 changes occur on the forest floor. Why does the development of leaves cause changes on the forest floor? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: Rainfall increases.', 'B: Sunlight is reduced.', 'C: Wind speed increases.', 'D: Animal migration is stopped.'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
The circulatory system and the endocrine system work together in the human body. Which describes one way in which these systems interact? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: taking in oxygen and transporting it to cells of the body', 'B: releasing hormones and transporting them to cells of the body', 'C: absorbing nutrients from food and transporting them to cells in the body', 'D: collecting waste products from the cells and transporting it out of the body'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
A student throws a ball into the air. While the ball travels up, the speed of the ball decreases. What force causes the ball to slow while traveling up? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: electricity', 'B: gravity', 'C: magnetism', 'D: tension'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
Which of these will most likely harm a habitat? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: planting trees', 'B: water pollution', 'C: rainfall', 'D: sunlight'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
All living and nonliving material is composed of ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['1: air', '2: elements', '3: water', '4: soil'] | 2 | ARC-Challenge |
Which process best explains how the Grand Canyon became so wide? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: folding', 'B: erosion', 'C: deposition', 'D: sedimentation'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
As global temperatures increase, certain organisms will be more affected than others. The changes associated with global warming may result in an increase in sea level. Which organisms will be affected most as a result of the change in sea level? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: birds that eat fish from shallow waters', 'B: fish that live in coral reefs in shallow waters', 'C: mammals that swim in cold, deep ocean waters', 'D: crustaceans at the bottom of deep sea ocean waters'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
A dish of sugar water was left on a window sill. One week later, there were only sugar crystals left in the dish. The water was gone. The best explanation for the appearance of sugar crystals is ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: some of the water was absorbed by the dish.', 'B: the air condensed.', 'C: the light shining on the window sill produced more sugar.', 'D: the water evaporated.'] | D | ARC-Challenge |
Using a softball bat to hit a softball is an example of using which simple machine? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: pulley', 'B: lever', 'C: inclined plane', 'D: wheel and axle'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
When an igneous intrusion comes into contact with surrounding rock, the surrounding rock will ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: erode.', 'B: foliate.', 'C: precipitate.', 'D: recrystallize.'] | D | ARC-Challenge |
A research scientist writes a paper on the initial regrowth of a forest after a fire has damaged the entire ecosystem. Which title would be best for the paper? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: Primary Succession', 'B: Stable Communities', 'C: Climax Communities', 'D: Secondary Succession'] | D | ARC-Challenge |
Where do plants get most of the energy they need to live and grow? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: water', 'B: soil', 'C: air', 'D: sunlight'] | D | ARC-Challenge |
Which is a statement about climate? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: The average temperature yesterday was 15°C.', 'B: The temperature range today was 10°C to 20°C.', 'C: The high temperature tomorrow will be 14°C.', 'D: The average high temperature in May is 20°C.'] | D | ARC-Challenge |
While on a movie set, a stuntman jumps off the roof of a building. As he falls toward an airbag, what is increasing? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: gravity', 'B: wind velocity', 'C: kinetic energy', 'D: potential energy'] | C | ARC-Challenge |
Jessica wants to see cells in an oak tree leaf. Which tool is best for Jessica to use to see the cells? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: binoculars', 'B: microscope', 'C: reading glasses', 'D: magnifying glass'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
Biologists conduct investigations to learn about living organisms. Which method helps reduce bias during an investigation? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: developing a hypothesis after collecting data in the investigation', 'B: limiting the amount of background research before the investigation', 'C: designing an investigation with repeated trials during the investigation', 'D: obtaining other opinions concerning what should happen during the investigation'] | C | ARC-Challenge |
Which factor is most likely to cause the number of rabbits living in an area to increase? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['1: less water', '2: fewer predators', '3: lack of shelter', '4: limited food'] | 2 | ARC-Challenge |
Seeds that remain inactive until the right conditions of light, water, and soil are present are called ___. ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: pollen', 'B: dormant', 'C: flowers', 'D: recycled'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
What allows a light bulb to give off light? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: the current flowing through the wire to the light bulb', 'B: the light bulb giving electrical energy to the battery', 'C: the light bulb generating heat energy', 'D: the battery pushing light through the wire'] | A | ARC-Challenge |
What causes sound? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: sunlight', 'B: vibrations', 'C: x-rays', 'D: pitch'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
Photosynthesis occurs in which of these organisms? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: Sunflower plant', 'B: Mushroom', 'C: Sunfish', 'D: Luna moth'] | A | ARC-Challenge |
In order for cells to grow at a normal rate, they must ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: take in light.', 'B: be specialized.', 'C: take in nutrients.', 'D: be of similar size.'] | C | ARC-Challenge |
Marshall learned that plants need a substance from the air to make their own food. What does a plant take from the air in the presence of sunlight? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: carbon dioxide', 'B: hydrogen', 'C: nitrogen', 'D: oxygen'] | A | ARC-Challenge |
Antarctica is a continent at Earth's south pole. Fossils of tropical fern plants were discovered in Antarctica even though these plants do not grow there today. Which conclusion does the fossil evidence best support? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: Millions of years ago, Antarctica was in a warmer location on Earth.', 'B: Recently, a natural disaster killed all of the fern plants in Antarctica.', 'C: Recently, birds stopped carrying the seeds of fern plants to Antarctica.', "D: Millions of years ago, Earth's south pole was much colder than it is today."] | A | ARC-Challenge |
Which two theories of Moon formation propose that much or all of the material comprising the Moon came from Earth? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: The Fission Theory and The Coaccretion Theory', 'B: The Coaccretion Theory and The Capture Theory', 'C: The Fission Theory and the Giant Impact Theory', 'D: The Capture Theory and the Giant Impact Theory'] | C | ARC-Challenge |
When white, fluffy clouds appear in Massachusetts, the weather that day will MOST LIKELY be ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: fair.', 'B: stormy.', 'C: foggy.', 'D: rainy.'] | A | ARC-Challenge |
Plants and animals are composed of organic compounds. Which of the following are the common elements found in organic compounds? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: iron, oxygen, nickel, copper.', 'B: sodium, potassium, gold, hydrogen.', 'C: helium, neon, argon, krypton.', 'D: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.'] | D | ARC-Challenge |
New research uncovers information that proves that the data from an old theory is partially incorrect. What should the scientific community do about the old theory? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: remove the old theory from historical records', 'B: change the research notes in the original theory', 'C: use the new information to update the old theory', 'D: ban the public from discussing the old theory'] | C | ARC-Challenge |
Which is the greatest benefit of sexual reproduction? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: capable of reproducing by meiosis', 'B: ability to reproduce without a mate', 'C: ability to produce genetically different offspring', 'D: capable of producing offspring genetically identical to parent'] | C | ARC-Challenge |
The speed at which sound waves travel depends on the ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: distance between the vibration source and the receiver.', 'B: type of material through which the sound travels.', 'C: size of the object making the sound.', 'D: type of device making the sound.'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
Which scientist is credited with discovering the first four moons of Jupiter? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: Galileo Galilei', 'B: Albert Einstein', 'C: Charles Darwin', 'D: Sir Isaac Newton'] | A | ARC-Challenge |
During science class, a teacher explains that the samples the students are studying are made of two or more minerals. What are the students studying? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: gases', 'B: rocks', 'C: elements', 'D: molecules'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun causing the rays of light to hit Earth at large angles, which season occurs? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: winter', 'B: spring', 'C: summer', 'D: fall'] | A | ARC-Challenge |
A scientist found fossils of ocean shells on a mountain top. Based on this find, which statement can be made? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: The climate was once colder.', 'B: The shells were carried by the wind.', 'C: The mountain was covered by water.', 'D: The shells once lived on dry land.'] | C | ARC-Challenge |
A student sees many plants around a pond. The student can determine which plants are nonvascular by ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: observing if they lack true stems, roots, or leaves', 'B: examining the plants for spores', 'C: counting the number of leaves on each stalk', 'D: noticing if the plants are near rocks'] | A | ARC-Challenge |
Darryl learns that freezing temperatures may help cause weathering. Which statement explains how freezing temperatures most likely cause weathering? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: by freezing the leaves on trees', 'B: by causing rocks to stick together', 'C: by turning acid rain into acid snow', 'D: by freezing water in the cracks of rocks'] | D | ARC-Challenge |
A bond is formed when an electron is transferred from a sodium atom to a chlorine atom. What happens to the sodium atom during this process? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: The mass of the atom increases.', 'B: The atom becomes an isotope.', 'C: The atomic number decreases.', 'D: The atom becomes a positive ion.'] | D | ARC-Challenge |
A group of fish was released into a local lake. This species of fish had never lived in the lake before. Scientists want to collect data on how the lake's ecosystem is affected by the new fish. Which method of data collection will give the most accurate results? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: Measuring oxygen levels in the lake for two months', 'B: Checking the lake water for nutrient levels on one day', 'C: Sampling fish populations in the lake over several years', 'D: Observing the surface of the lake for signs of the new fish after one week'] | C | ARC-Challenge |
On a career day at school, an X-ray technician discusses her daily work with the class. Which equipment would she most likely say she uses on a regular basis to help ensure the safety of patients? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: earplugs', 'B: rubber gloves', 'C: goggles', 'D: lead aprons'] | D | ARC-Challenge |
In the United States, windmills have been used for farming for hundreds of years. Which simple machine is the most important part of a windmill? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: lever', 'B: pulley', 'C: inclined plane', 'D: wheel and axle'] | D | ARC-Challenge |
Which tools are needed to measure the effects of friction on a block of wood? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: meter stick, spring scale', 'B: balance, stopwatch', 'C: balance, meter stick', 'D: meter stick, stopwatch'] | A | ARC-Challenge |
Planets outside of our solar system have been detected. What suggested the presence of a planet outside of our solar system? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: radio wave emissions', 'B: a wobble in the rotation of the star', 'C: regular occurring eclipses of its moons', 'D: the discovery of a star as large as our own'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
During which process are pieces of rock material being moved over Earth's surface by water and wind? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: conduction', 'B: deposition', 'C: erosion', 'D: revolution'] | C | ARC-Challenge |
The Apollo 11 mission was able to retrieve samples of the Moon's surface because it was the first mission to have astronauts ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: land on the Moon', 'B: orbit a planet', 'C: return to Earth', 'D: walk in space'] | A | ARC-Challenge |
A student mixes a teaspoon of sugar in a large glass of water. What happens to the sugar when it is mixed with the water? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: It boils.', 'B: It melts.', 'C: It dissolves.', 'D: It evaporates.'] | C | ARC-Challenge |
Particle accelerators, such as the Large Hadron Collider in Europe, accelerate subatomic particles to great speeds. These particles move in opposite directions at nearly the speed of light and collide into one another to simulate conditions that were present as the universe formed. Which property of matter in the initial moments of the universe are these accelerators designed to simulate? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: low density', 'B: high energy', 'C: massive nuclei', 'D: circular movement'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
A doorbell circuit converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is in the form of vibrations that ultimately produce ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: chemical energy.', 'B: thermal energy.', 'C: radiant energy.', 'D: sound energy.'] | D | ARC-Challenge |
Which factor determines if two individuals are members of the same species? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: They live in the same habitat and niche.', 'B: They forage and eat the same type of food.', 'C: They mate and produce fertile offspring.', 'D: They are similar in appearance and color.'] | C | ARC-Challenge |
Which of the following planets is always closer to the Sun than it is to Earth? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: Jupiter', 'B: Mercury', 'C: Saturn', 'D: Uranus'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
Cells need nutrients for energy. Which system is responsible for breaking down food to provide cellular energy? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: digestive', 'B: excretory', 'C: circulatory', 'D: respiratory'] | A | ARC-Challenge |
During which activity should a student wear goggles? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: writing a science report', 'B: mixing baking soda with water', 'C: measuring the length of a shadow', 'D: examining a leaf with a microscope'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a soil bacterium that is toxic to certain insects. Genes from this bacterium have been inserted into cotton to make Bt cotton. Farmers that use Bt cotton would most likely use less of which of the following? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: water', 'B: fertilizer', 'C: herbicide', 'D: insecticide'] | D | ARC-Challenge |
A student examined a rock sample and described it as having particles of various colors that were 1 millimeter to 12 millimeters in size. The student was making ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['1: an inference', '2: a hypothesis', '3: a prediction', '4: an observation'] | 4 | ARC-Challenge |
What are genes composed of? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['1: offspring', '2: DNA', '3: cells', '4: traits'] | 2 | ARC-Challenge |
In a classroom demonstration, a teacher pours sulfuric acid on some granulated sugar in a beaker. The sugar turns yellow and then black. Smoke rises and a strong smell is released. This demonstration is an example of what kind of change? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: chemical', 'B: physical', 'C: magnetic', 'D: electric'] | A | ARC-Challenge |
Marta studied different forms of energy. Which two types of energy travel in waves? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: light and sound', 'B: electrical and sound', 'C: chemical and light', 'D: chemical and electrical'] | A | ARC-Challenge |
The tops of some mountains are sharp and pointed, while the tops of others are smooth and rounded. This difference was most likely caused by ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: rivers flooding along a coastal plain.', 'B: erosion and weathering.', 'C: earthquakes and waves.', 'D: rocks melted underground by lava.'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
A student suggests to the school board that they use a renewable energy source. The student suggests they use ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: coal.', 'B: wind.', 'C: wood.', 'D: natural gas.'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
Solar radiation provides more heat near the equator than near the poles on Earth. The greatest amount of heat is moved away from the equator by ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: ocean currents.', 'B: aquatic plants.', 'C: surface winds.', 'D: tectonic plates.'] | A | ARC-Challenge |
Which human activity will help conserve Earth's natural resources? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: leaving the television on all day', 'B: recycling plastic bottles', 'C: cutting down trees', 'D: burning trash in the yard'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
Which characteristic helps some animals defend themselves against predators? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: strong odor', 'B: poor hearing', 'C: weak eyesight', 'D: shivering'] | A | ARC-Challenge |
Most plants begin their life cycle as ___. ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: leaves', 'B: flowers', 'C: roots', 'D: seeds'] | D | ARC-Challenge |
Erin wants to make a strong, light chair. Which natural material should she use? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: iron', 'B: granite', 'C: clay', 'D: wood'] | D | ARC-Challenge |
Jonathon was studying bears. He found out that bears are born with some behaviors and learn others from their environment. Which behavior does a bear most likely inherit? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: how to find food in garbage cans', 'B: how to hibernate during the winter', 'C: how to seek shelter in a hollow log', 'D: how to live in human neighborhoods'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
A group of the same species of fish swim together to increase an individual's ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: swimming speed.', 'B: body temperature.', 'C: chance of survival.', 'D: visibility to predators.'] | C | ARC-Challenge |
In the oxygen cycle, which group of organisms replenishes a large portion of the atmospheric oxygen supply? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: mammals', 'B: fungi', 'C: insects', 'D: plants'] | D | ARC-Challenge |
Some antibiotics used to treat infections in humans are also used to treat chickens, but some groups oppose this practice. The overuse of the antibiotics will most likely influence the natural selection of which type of organisms? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: chickens that naturally make the antibiotics', 'B: microbes that are resistant to the antibiotics', 'C: microbes that are susceptible to the antibiotics', 'D: chickens that are resistant to infection'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
A student performs a lab investigation by measuring the average time it takes for a toy car to travel 10 meters. Why is it best to perform the experiment in three trials? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: to form a good hypothesis', 'B: to increase the accuracy of the results', 'C: to make the results more significant', 'D: to better explain the investigation to others'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
A scientist finds a metamorphic rock formation next to a magma chamber and determines that it was originally a sedimentary rock formation. He concludes that the temperature of the magma chamber caused the rock formation to become metamorphic. Which is another reliable explanation of how the rock formation was changed? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: weight of heavy machinery moving over the rocks', 'B: pressure on the rock formation inside Earth', 'C: a sandstorm that caused the rocks to be eroded', 'D: a quick burial of the rocks by tons of volcanic ash'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
Earth orbiting the Sun causes ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: the changing of the seasons.', 'B: daily tidal cycles.', 'C: day to become night.', 'D: the phases of the Moon.'] | A | ARC-Challenge |
The cycle of night and day on Earth is a result of ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: the Moon revolving around Earth.', 'B: Earth revolving around the Sun.', 'C: the Moon rotating on its axis.', 'D: Earth rotating on its axis.'] | D | ARC-Challenge |
Which of these traits is most influenced by environment? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: weight', 'B: hair color', 'C: blood type', 'D: handedness'] | A | ARC-Challenge |
Which statement describes a characteristic of a gas that has a significant effect on the climates of both Earth and Venus? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: Nitrogen is chemically inert.', 'B: Sodium vapor reflects solar energy.', 'C: Carbon dioxide traps solar energy.', 'D: Argon is unable to react with water.'] | C | ARC-Challenge |
DNA technology has improved greatly in the last twenty years. Which task has been made easier by the development of DNA technology? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: identifying genetic disorders', 'B: determining the parts of an atom', 'C: observing distant objects in space', 'D: making very accurate measurements'] | A | ARC-Challenge |
Which condition is necessary for metamorphic rocks to form? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: constant weathering and erosion', 'B: extreme pressure and heating', 'C: rapid burial of sediments', 'D: slow cooling of magma'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
Which event helps to renew a resource? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: A seed is planted from a tree.', 'B: An offshore rig pumps oil.', 'C: A car is filled with gasoline.', 'D: An office is heated with coal.'] | A | ARC-Challenge |
Which part of a plant takes in water and nutrients from the soil? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: root', 'B: stem', 'C: flower', 'D: leaf'] | A | ARC-Challenge |
A certain type of hybrid car utilizes a braking system in which energy is recovered and stored in batteries. This is an example of which type of energy conversion? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: kinetic energy converted to potential energy', 'B: chemical energy converted to kinetic energy', 'C: chemical energy converted to thermal energy', 'D: thermal energy converted to potential energy'] | A | ARC-Challenge |
Clownfish take shelter in the tentacles of sea anemones and keep sea anemones clean. Which type of relationship does this represent? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: parasitism', 'B: commensalism', 'C: mutualism', 'D: neutralism'] | C | ARC-Challenge |
Some animals have behaviors that help them find food when little is available. Which best describes an animal with this type of behavior? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: a robin that builds a nest', 'B: an owl that calls at night', 'C: a duck that swims in water', 'D: a goose that migrates in winter'] | D | ARC-Challenge |
Part of a student's experiment is to measure changes in wind speed several hours before a storm. What piece of equipment should the student use? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: barometer', 'B: hygrometer', 'C: anemometer', 'D: weather vane'] | C | ARC-Challenge |
An organism is born with a genetic abnormality not present in any of its ancestors. This abnormality is most likely the result of ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['1: circulation', '2: competition', '3: mutation', '4: respiration'] | 3 | ARC-Challenge |
The length of one day on Earth is determined by how long it takes ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['1: the Moon to revolve once', '2: the Moon to rotate once', '3: Earth to rotate once', '4: Earth to revolve once'] | 3 | ARC-Challenge |
When a rock is placed in a graduated cylinder containing water, the height of the water will ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: decrease', 'B: increase', 'C: remain the same'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
A student heats the same amount of two different liquids over Bunsen burners. Each liquid is at room temperature when the student begins. If liquid 1 has a higher specific heat than liquid 2, then liquid 1 will ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: evaporate sooner.', 'B: take longer to increase in temperature.', 'C: condense over a longer period.', 'D: chemically break down at a faster rate.'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
Through which activity do animals get the carbon that is needed for their bodies? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: eating', 'B: breathing', 'C: running', 'D: sleeping'] | A | ARC-Challenge |
Scientists have discovered organisms that thrive in hot water that is 90°C (194°F) and do not need sunlight or oxygen to live. Into which kingdom would the scientists classify these organisms? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: Archaebacteria', 'B: Fungi', 'C: Plantae', 'D: Protista'] | A | ARC-Challenge |
A cook touches a hot stove and quickly moves his hand away. What are the two primary body systems that work together to produce this response? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: Integumentary and endocrine systems', 'B: Muscular and respiratory systems', 'C: Nervous and muscular systems', 'D: Skeletal and nervous systems'] | C | ARC-Challenge |
Which statement correctly describes both gases and liquids? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: Their shapes stay the same in any container.', 'B: Their shapes change when they are in different containers.', 'C: Their volumes stay the same in any container.', 'D: Their volumes change when they are in different containers.'] | B | ARC-Challenge |
When the soil is saturated, earthworms move to the top of the soil to obtain oxygen. This behavior is evidence of which biological concept in earthworms? ### Respond with just one letter based on these options : ['A: learned behavior', 'B: migration instinct', 'C: response to stimuli', 'D: reproductive strategy'] | C | ARC-Challenge |
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