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all-txt-docs | 427242 | Orbit # : 12587
Path # : 24
Block # : 76
Date Acquired : 2002-04-30
UTC Time : 17:06:45
MINX Version : V1.0
User Name : dlnelson
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Region Name : O12587-B76-P2
Region Type : Smoke plume
Region Data Quality : FAIR
First point longitude : -96.98759
First point latitude : 18.61521
Perimeter length (km) : 19
Area (sq km) : 23
Area per point (sq km) : 1.210
Total points in table : 18
Wind-corrected points : 5
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Best Median Ht (m ASL) : 1887
Best Top Ht (m ASL) : 3176
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Diff WindDir, AlongDir : 64
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Pt# itude itude Blk Samp Line Pt 1 From N Elev NoWind W/Wind across along blue green red NIR Albedo blue green red NIR blue green red NIR small medium large spher Exp MWatt 0->1 deg K deg K deg K deg K
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| en |
markdown | 135722 | # Presentation: 135722
## Special Libraries 2006
- Change and Challenges in the Digital Environment
- Bruce Rosenstein/USA TODAY
- May 15, 2006
## New Models For Special Libraries
- Virtual Libraries
- Embedded Librarians
- Distributed access of databases
- Ask a librarian/virtual reference
- Organizers of competitive intelligence
## Why Are Special Libraries Being Closed?
- Failure at the basics of the profession
- Lack of trust on the part of patrons and funders
- Tunnel vision/closed thinking (theirs and ours)
- Institutions can close or drastically change their libraries at a moment's notice
## What Can You Do Better Than Your Patrons?
- The users of special libraries often like doing their own research....
- But can they do it better than librarians?
- Should they be doing their own research?
- Earn your respect: don’t worry about the “image of the profession”
- Ask yourself: Why am I on the payroll?
## Going Beyond Google
- Where do books fit into our research in the Google age?
- Must have command of a variety of online and printed resources
- Be creative in finding information
- Need for targeted research
- Become a catalyst for new knowledge
## Marketing is a Must
- All libraries and librarians must market their services
- Think of creative, tasteful marketing opportunities
- Explore partnerships with other organizations
- Make sure patrons are aware that you can make their work easier and more effective
## The Curious Incident of the One Person Library...
- Special libraries are one of the few institutions with a tradition of the lone professional expected to do everything
- How can this be accomplished without being consumed by “busy work”?
## Outsourcing: Friend or Foe?
- Special libraries have been outsourcing – and being outsourced -- long before most people knew what it was
- Especially the case in government libraries
## What Makes a Special Library Great?
- Wide representation of online resources
- The best print resources (under the circumstances)...print is not a growth area
- Librarians who are knowledgeable, creative, committed to continuous learning
- Librarians who display emotional intelligence
- Librarians who thrive in an information-rich, time-poor environment
## Final thoughts...
- Everyone, and every institution, is threatened these days. Libraries and librarians are no different
- Learn more about special libraries at _[www.sla.org](http://www.sla.org/)_
- Attend the SLA annual conference in Baltimore next month | en |
all-txt-docs | 229830 | India, on the way to Madras,
March 29, 1921.
Dearest Margaret,
Yesterday we went ashore at Colombo and found your
cable at, the consulate. I .U delighted to know that the event
fe safely over , and that the much-desired boy has arrived. Your telegram
watl of necessity brief, but I hope that there are no reservations in the
little word BwellH, and that you and the baby and the children are all
well and happy. As I expect to aail from Oolombo for Freemantle about the
eleventh, I can hardly expect any letters written after the event. '
I do hope that you sufferred little, and that the discomforts
titerward were not severe, and that the baby is big and fat and entirely
eatisfaotory. we mt try from the begginningl, to avoid dietary errors3 80
a8 to avoid any develomental handicaps from that source*
Doubtless you received my cable of yesterday congratulating
you and incidentally letting you know that I had received the message in
Colombo. I should have tried to write to you, but we took no room in the
hotel for the hours we were there,.and I wa6 not alone a minute.
I am writing to Mother about Fathers death. in January. I presume
you have a letter of particulars which I can answer on my return tn Brisbane.
Father rounded out v a life of four-score years in a most
remarkable wayhconsidering his siknesses. I wonder what Mother intends to
do. I suppose she will first visit around and get thoroughly rested after
the years of caring for an invalid and the special strain of the last
illneaa.
Your good Utter of liarch 2nd was at the consulate in Colombo,
Also the letters from Gertrude and Ruth. I am glad that the robe cro;, in
the Botanic $ardene is 60 large this year. I am glee pleased to note that
Ruth is becoming proficient in the difficult f,ea$ of ivriting backwards.
Tell them both that I liked their letters very much, and hope they are
hkiving a very good time. I can understand that Peggy is haviiq her time
filled with dentistry and school ;+nd can h&rdl;r be expected to wribe.
And so tLe Elkingtons arc off on their 1011~ trip at last. I can
im@.n* the excitement, and I can also imagine yoti takin& care of the
chickens intermittently, unless they disposed of them finally.
It ie encouraging to know that Dr. Burne.1 made a favorable impression
on you. I cannot help won&ring whether he has the vision to do big tlzings.
It will be very disappointing if we cannot develop a few real good health
men `out of the staff of the Hookworm Campaign.
It is a relief to know that Dr. Lambr fi w&e to sail for Raboul on Llaroh
pth, as there were 80 many things that Light have interfered with the plans.
I am not sorry that I miesed the #nd of the Road, and I am glad that
it was BU(3C438#3fUl. I wonder if you met the man who brought it over an& who
~~tf3 to,- several times about it.
-;2-
By this tilae you :-!zve doubtless comi;leteG the reform oi" 1;;:~ Women's
College a;?d are lookin; fan new fields to coaquer. I shall be interested
to hear how the conservatives took to your plan, whatever it was.
I am glad that the annual report seemed to be in fair shape and i@t
with your a?,nroval. I &id even aoro e, :Lj. to lkllOW that it ; s Oil its WUy
at last.
Ian% it nice that Mrs. Palmer is doing well. She is of' a type t?rdt
I should expect %n tiic~~x would brood a great deal after a misfortune, but
I may be wrong.
We arrived off 4 olombo abo>Jt eleven o'clock on the eve:ling of
!kirch27 0 With the help of the beautiful moonlight and tile shore lizhta,
the pilot took ~1s inside the breakwater,where we were moored to buoys at
the end of a ion; row OS vessels. Colombo does not posses8 docks, strange
a8 it may seem, and everything has to be carried on lighters. We were waked
up in the small hours of the morning to show our passports, and we were
up again at six to get ready to go nahore. We lverd taken ashor- i;: a
rowboat, and had to go a loilg distance between long -%ws of atemers
decorated in honor of the Japanese Crow% Prince. While tne oarsmen
were moving our boat along toward the pier we could see the Japanese
war bhips that had anchored outside the breakwater tild c,>uld hear the
gun8 booming salutes. The pier was all decorated with palms and plants
and'carpeted with rug8> and uncomfortable-loking people were hurrying
hither and thither in frock JMEN coat8 and top hats. Some wore frock coats
and helmete, and it was suggested Qat the XX?4 top hats were too fww to go
round and that they would be worn in relaysl- but this was merely surmise.
I could not &et Dr. Heiser interested in standing about to see
the Crown Prince ride by, and so I missed him.
Dr. iacocks, who has charge of the Board's work in Ceylon>
found us at Cook's when we were getting our tickets for India. He is a
pleasing type of southerner with characteristic accent.
In Colombo the traveler is besieged with small trader8, who
would seize and drag him into thir shops if they could. A8 it Ibs one would
like to look at there ware8, but they make it 80 unpleasant that you hardly
dare show the slightest interest. You should have Been them go after the
Japane:.e satilors when they csme a8hore in their natty white uniform8. I 8aw
a native eeize one embarrassed officer by the hand and pull him over to
hia shop. The Indian8 `look 80 wretched and miserable, and they base
their appeal for money largely on exciting pity. The rickshaw men are
eombre and unlike the grinning Chinese cooly of Singapore.
We took the train at 7:30 for India. We had a good sleeper and
dining 08r in Ceylon. At 5130 A& we were routed out and given tea, and
about an hour later we took the ferry for India. The train we are now in
will be our home until we reach bladras to-morrow morning. We had breakfast
in a little railway restaurant , where we had a six-course table-dthote w
bE&$&&&#. while a punkah was being agitated over ue by a rope that
paseed through the wall.
We have passd many sand dunes and are now among some rice fields.
Lot8 ,of love to you , my dear, brave Sweetheart,
| en |
all-txt-docs | 289010 | Victim Programs To Serve Native Americans.
***********************************************************************
From the Director
In 1987, the Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) became aware that
victim services were virtually unavailable for Native American crime
victims. U.S. Attorneys, who were prosecuting cases involving violent
crime, reported that "on reservation" assistance did not exist for
Native American crime victims. Since 1987, OVC has designated the
provision of victim services to Native Americans as an Office
priority. Attention to this priority has resulted in the
establishment of many specific program initiatives, including (1)
an emergency fund that U.S. Attorneys can access to provide services
to victims involved in Federal prosecutions, (2) a discretionary
grant program to fund victim assistance programs in remote areas of
Indian reservations under Federal jurisdiction, (3) the Children's
Justice Act Program for Native Americans to improve the investigation
and prosecution of child sexual abuse cases involving Native
Americans, and (4) specialized training opportunities for victim
assistance providers. OVC also has encouraged State assistance and
compensation programs to improve their response to the needs of
Native American crime victims.
It is with pleasure that OVC is taking this opportunity, through its
first OVC Bulletin publication, to describe its programs that serve
Native American crime victims, and the impact the programs are
having in Indian Country.
Brenda G. Maister
Acting Director
******************************************************************
Victim Programs To Serve Native Americans
Crime rates indicate that almost everyone will be a victim of crime
during his or her lifetime many of us will be victimized more than
once (see, Report to the Nation on Crime and Justice, U.S.
Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1988).
Preliminary statistics for 1990 from the Bureau of Justice Statistics
stated that nearly 6 million people were victims of violent crimes,
including rape, robbery, and simple and aggravated assault. Providing
services to these victims is an ongoing challenge confronting the
Nation and the Office for Victims of Crime (OVC)
in its role as the Federal focal point for crime victims' issues.
Special problems and challenges are posed for Native American victims.
During the past 10 years, a new emphasis has been placed on securing
crime victims' rights. National attention was first directed to victims
in 1981 when President Reagan appointed the President's Task Force on
Victims of Crime. The task force conducted the first comprehensive
analysis of the plight of crime victims and witnesses, and found that
victims were often victimized twice-first, by the crime itself, then
by the criminal justice system. The President's Task Force on Victims
of Crime, Final Report, released in December 1982, continues to serve
as a blueprint for how the criminal justice system should improve its
response to crime victims.
Legislative changes for victims
Since the President's Task Force on Victims of Crime published its
final report, significant legislative efforts have been undertaken to
help victims of crime. The first piece of landmark legislation, the
Federal Victim and Witness Protection Act of 1982 (Public Law 97-291),
recognized the important role of crime victims and witnesses in the
criminal justice process and continues to ensure that the Federal
Government will provide victim-witness assistance and model
legislation for State and local governments. The Act also identified
rights for victims of Federal crimes.
The Crime Control Act of 1990 (Public Law 101-647) strengthened the
Victim and Witness Act by mandating services and rights that were to
be accorded to all crime victims by employees of the Federal criminal
justice system engaged in the detection, investigation, or
prosecution of crime. These rights and protections were listed under
Title V of the Act that, in effect, created a Federal Crime Victims'
Bill of Rights and codified the services that are to be made available.
The 1990 Crime Control Act also includes provisions that enable
Federal officials to adjust Federal court proceedings to the needs
and abilities of child victims and witnesses. Additionally, certain
professionals who work on Federal lands, including Indian
reservations, are now required to report suspected child abuse.
The Indian Child Protection and Family Violence Prevention Act of 1990
(Public Law 10 1-630) stressed the protection of Indian child abuse
victims by requiring both prompt reporting of suspected child abuse in
Indian Country and background checks for tribal and Federal employees
who have regular contact with children.
*********************************************************************
Victim and Witness Protection Act of 1982
Among the major provisions in the Victim and Witness Protection Act
of 1982 are the following:
o Guidelines for ensuring the fair treatment of victims and
witnesses in the Federal criminal justice system.
o Victim impact statements to be contained in presentence
reports.
o Criminal penalties protecting victims and witnesses from
intimidation or retaliation, including provisions for civil
restraining orders.
o Restitution for victims.
o Consideration of victims' situations in bail determinations.
*******************************************************************
The Act also authorized the Indian Child Abuse Treatment grant
program and the Indian Child Protection and Family Violence
Prevention program. Funds for these programs have not yet been
appropriated.
The Victims of Crime Act of 1984 (VOCA) (Public Law 98-473) is the
most significant piece of Federal legislation for crime victims
enacted to date. VOCA substantially contributed to the development
and expansion of crime victim assistance and compensation programs
across the United States by establishing an innovative funding
mechanism that takes money away from convicted Federal criminals to
support the provision of services to crime victims. The Crime Victims
Fund (the Fund), which is financed by Federal criminals and not
taxpayers, is derived from criminal fines, penalties, and bond
forfeitures. Congress directed OVC, which it established under the
terms of VOCA, to distribute the Fund proceeds principally to States
and U.S. Territories so that a network of responsive victim assistance
and compensation services would be immediately accessible for victims
throughout the country.
Since the establishment of the Fund, more than $700 million has been
collected from Federal criminals and applied to the rehabilitation,
recovery, and compensation of innocent crime victims. In fiscal year
1992, OVC will award more than $127 million in grants to support the
provision of compensation benefits and assistance services to victims.
By law, moneys deposited into the Fund are used, in large part, to
make awards to States and territories through formula and
discretionary grant programs.
A large percentage of moneys deposited into the Crime Victims Fund
are distributed to State grantees through formula grants. The State
crime victim compensation programs that receive VOCA funds utilize
State and Federal dollars to offset financial losses incurred by
victims as a direct result of crime. Payments are made for such items
as medical expenses, mental health counseling, lost wages, and
funeral expenses attributable to deaths resulting from violent crimes.
State agencies designated by the Governor to receive VOCA assistance
grants provide such services as rape crisis counseling and other
support services, child abuse treatment, shelter for battered women,
support groups for victims, and prosecutor-based victim assistance
services.
A comparatively small portion of the Fund is available exclusively
for the support of services to victims of Federal crimes and for
training and technical assistance projects for eligible victim
assistance programs. It has been this comparatively small portion of
the Fund, amounting to about $1,250,000 annually, which has been
used by OVC to develop victim assistance services for victims of
Federal crimes in Indian Country. By fiscal year 1993, up to
$2,500,000 annually could be available depending on the amount
collected in the Fund the preceding year.
The award of discretionary grant funds in Indian Country has been
undertaken in order to cultivate victim services for Native Americans
who previously had no access or minimal access to such services. It
has also been undertaken to enhance Indian service providers'
eligibility for State assistance subgrant awards, thereby bringing
Native American assistance providers within the formula grant
network serving the remainder of the country.
Another comparatively small portion of the Crime Victims Fund,
amounting to $9,325,000, is available annually to implement the
Children's Justice Act (CJA), a grant program administered by the
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) for the purpose of
improving the way that child abuse cases are investigated and
prosecuted. However, up to $675,000 of this amount is set aside to
allow OVC to administer CJA grants for Native Americans. These grants
are made for the purpose of assisting Native American tribes in
developing and operating programs designed to improve the handling of
child abuse cases in Indian Country.
Native American victims
There are about 500 federally recognized tribes, each of which
represents a unique combination of tradition, heritage, and culture.
Indian reservations can be found high on the mesas or at the bottom
of canyons, accessible only by helicopter, pack mule, or hours of
climbing and hiking.
Access to victim-related services is often difficult, if not
impossible. Tribal police, schools, and hospitals are often hundreds
of miles from many of the people who need and use them. Available
health and mental health services are rudimentary and often do not
include staff trained in addressing the needs of crime victims.
Therapy for a sexually abused child or a rape victim is seldom
available.
In these remote areas, justice for crime victims is rare, public
transportation does not exist, highways are few, and law enforcement
is not a phone call, but hours or days away. As the events described
in the Native American victim scenario illustrate, there are some
unique difficulties in obtaining victim services in Indian Country.
Other significant factors that inhibit Indian victims from receiving
adequate services include the limited number of law enforcement
officers and the high number and complex nature of crimes committed
in Indian Country. Approximately 20,000 child abuse complaints were
reported to the Bureau of Indian Affairs in 1986. Since 1987, there
have been 11 multiple-victim child molestation cases in boarding
and day schools in Arizona alone. These incidents have resulted in
the victimization of over 1,000 children. In fiscal year 1990, the
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) initiated 975 investigations
involving violent crimes on Indian reservations.
Many violent crimes in Indian Country involve domestic violence and
child abuse. These crimes are inherently problematic because there
is often reluctance on the part of victims to take action against
the perpetrators. One reason for this reluctance is that the
reporting of domestic violence may be considered by family members as
a betrayal; strong kinship ties often exist, and there may be a taboo
on seeking help outside the family unit. Additionally, language can
be a barrier that prevents or impedes victims from seeking assistance.
The 1980's brought sweeping changes in the criminal justice system's
response to crime victims. VOCA funding allowed the States to expand
and improve assistance services nationwide, and by 1988 there were
thousands of programs providing a wide variety of services to help
crime victims throughout the United States. In contrast, victim
service programs were virtually nonexistent on Indian reservations.
Believing that Native crime victims were equally in need of the kind
of assistance now available in the cities and towns of America, OVC
designated the development of victim services for Native Americans
as a major program priority.
********************************************************************
Native American victim scenario
Mary, a Navajo woman, dropped her husband off at the trading post on
the Navajo Reservation so he could unload hay. She drove off to
complete another errand and became stuck in mud. As a result, she was
late in returning to pick up her husband. In a rage, he hit her
repeatedly in front of the children while they were in the trading
post parking lot. During the attack, the three young children
screamed for him to stop.
Badly beaten, with a severe eye injury, the woman fled and walked for
hours in the snow until she came to a home where she was allowed to
stay the night. The next day, she set off again until she came to
another house where the family had a car and gas and was able to
drive her 50 miles to the hospital so she could have her eye treated.
********************************************************************
OVC involvement in Indian Country
When several multiple-victim cases involving child sexual abuse were
discovered on Arizona reservations in 1987 and 1988, the U.S. Attorney
for the District of Arizona submitted special requests to OVC to
obtain immediate victim assistance for over 400 child victims. OVC
responded by tapping into the Crime Victims Fund for money to support
the provision of short-term emergency treatment to these children and
their families. This was the first use of the Fund to finance
treatment services for crime victims in Indian Country.
The Federal Crime Victims Emergency Services Fund
OVC has established a special fund, the Federal Crime Victims
Emergency Services Fund (the Emergency Fund), to provide emergency
assistance to all victims of Federal crime, including Native
Americans. Upon request, funds are made available to U.S. Attorneys'
offices to address emergencies in which victims involved in Federal
prosecutions need services that are unavailable or inaccessible
through other sources.
Since the establishment of the Emergency Fund, OVC has approved 87
requests from 25 U.S. Attorneys' offices, making disbursements
totaling $470,287. Almost two-thirds of this amount has been used
to provide emergency assistance to Native American crime victims on
reservations. For instance, the Emergency Fund was recently used to:
o Initiate 3 months of mental therapy for 20 child sexual abuse
victims at the Pine Ridge Reservation Rocky Ford School. Extended
treatment is to be funded by local service agencies.
o Allow six children to accompany their family to a trial in Wyoming
when it was determined that the children would be in danger if left
behind on the reservation.
o Finance a psychological evaluation of and treatment for a 4
1/2-year-old child who was sexually assaulted by her uncle on a
Washington reservation.
o Finance emergency transportation expenses for an Arizona victim
attending an out-of-state gang-rape trial.
o Finance mental health treatment for child sexual abuse victims in
multiple victim cases in Arizona and South Dakota.
In each case, the victim-witness coordinator in the U.S. Attorney's
office worked with service providers on the reservations to identify
treatment alternatives for the victims and their families. Treatment,
services, or both were determined to be unavailable for the victims.
Thus, requests for support were approved by OVC.
The Emergency Fund was effective in providing services to individual
victims, but it could not establish a network of on-reservation
services responsive to the ongoing needs of Native American crime
victims. The near absence of on-reservation victim assistance
services had to be addressed in order to ensure access by Native
American victims to the types of services available in other
communities nationwide.
********************************************************************
Emergency Fund case scenario
The defendant was convicted of rape and carnal knowledge on March 16,
1989. He had sexually abuse his 13-year-old stepdaughter for 6
years. As a result of this abuse, the victim gave birth to baby boy on
March 4, 1984.
After the victim cooperated with law enforcement, charges were filed.
The victim's family abandoned her, blaming her for all that had
happened. At age 19, she had nowhere to turn, no means of support,
and no work experience.
Because there were no victim services available on the reservation,
the woman was taken to a shelter in Gallup, New Mexico. At this
facility, shelter staff agreed to help her apply for other financial
assistance, find an apartment, and develop skills necessary to become
self-sufficient.
Working with the U.S. Attorney's office in the District of Arizona,
the Office for Victims of Crime provided the young woman with living
expenses to cover a 2-month adjustment period until she could support
herself and her child.
*********************************************************************
Assistance to Victims of Federal Crime in Indian Country:
A grant program
OVC recognized a need for the Federal Government to make an
identifiable commitment to Native American crime victims.
Consequently, the Office designated the development of victim
assistance services for Indians as its highest priority with
respect to that portion of the Crime Victims Fund used to support
services to Federal crime victims. A new discretionary grant program
to initiate the provision of victim services in Indian Country was
announced in July 1988. Funding for this grant program, amounting to
$1,800,000 to date, was taken from the Federal crime victims portion
of the Fund, and was made available to States containing areas of
Indian Country where the Federal Government has authority to
investigate and prosecute crimes. An additional $583,000 will be
available in fiscal year 1992.
Applications for the discretionary funds were solicited and reviewed
through a competitive grant award process. The selected State
grantees were required to subgrant the funds to Indian tribes or
organizations that, in return, were required to establish services
for victims of crime in their own communities. On November 8, 1988,
OVC made awards totaling over $1 million to nine States. These
States subsequently made 29 subgrant awards to Indian tribes and
Indian organizations to support a variety of victim assistance
services.
Because of the overwhelming tribal interest in developing victim
services programs on the reservations, OVC made another $700,000
available to other States. On November 1, 1989, an additional 6
States were awarded the funding, and these grantees made 23
subgrant awards to Indian tribes and organizations providing
on-reservation services.
To date, over 52 subgrants have been made to Indian tribes and
organizations. Some of the Indian programs are improving the handling
of sexual assault, domestic violence, and child abuse cases. For
example, the Hopi Tribe is expanding treatment programs for child
sexual abuse victims and their families; the Crow-Creek Reservation
in South Dakota provides comprehensive crisis intervention services;
the Lower Brule Reservation has a volunteer rape crisis team;
volunteers from the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs, Oregon,
program accompany tribal police on an on-call basis; and the
Menominee Tribe Victim Assistance Program was the first-and remains
the only-police based victim assistance program in the State of
Wisconsin.
The services provided are also becoming more sophisticated. The
Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs now routinely uses victim impact
statements from child victims in tribal court; other Native American
programs support domestic violence shelters, law enforcement
training, emergency transportation, child care, and court advocacy.
With the first nine grants, progress has already been recognized.
Tribes are beginning to see the victim assistance program as a
necessary and integral part of their communities. Particular examples
of expanded victim services include the following:
o Tribal dollars are now being contributed to support victim
services programs.
o On-reservation victim assistance programs have provided a forum
for improved communication between tribal and State governments. For
example, South Dakota subgrant contracts to Indian tribes had
formerly contained language that, according to tribal leaders,
disregarded aspects of tribal sovereignty. As a result of
constructive discussions among State and tribal leaders, compromises
were reached, and tribal contract revisions were adopted. The
Governor of South Dakota also designated 1990 as a year of greater
cooperation between the tribes and the State and has pledged
State support for the Indian victim assistance programs.
o Programmatic adjustments are being made to address unique tribal
needs. For example, Warm Springs has worked with tribal elders and
storyteller's to record healing stories to be conveyed to sexually
abused children.
o The Navajo Victim Assistance Program coordinator briefs FBI, State,
and local law enforcement officers on tribal cultural aspects,
enabling them to respond sensitively to crime victims and
successfully investigate crimes.
o In 1988, the first two tribal victim assistance programs were
established in Michigan-there are now six active tribal programs in
the State.
o Victim assistance program managers in Oregon, North Dakota, and
South Dakota now serve on State victim task force committees.
The reduced number of emergency assistance requests submitted to OVC
also is a clear indication of progressive change. Requests from U.S.
Attorneys for emergency assistance for Native American victims were
reduced from 35 requests, totaling $211,763 in fiscal year 1989 to
14 requests, totaling $40,535 in fiscal year 1990. In 199 1, II
requests totaling $71,930 were approved on behalf of Native
American crime victims. The victim-witness coordinators in U.S.
Attorneys' offices report that the on-reservation programs are
providing their own emergency services for crime victims.
Six of the nine original States that received Assistance to Victims
of Federal Crime in Indian Country grants have made State VOCA
subgrant awards to on-reservation victim assistance programs.
********************************************************************
First Year (1988) Indian Grants
Arizona $250,500
Michigan 90,500
North Dakota 100,500
Oregon 35,500
South Dakota 195,500
Utah 50,000
Washington 170,600
Wisconsin 35,500
Wyoming 75,500
Second Year (1989 Indian Grants
Idaho 115,500
Kansas 40,500
Minnesota 40,500
Montana 200,500
Nevada 105,500
New Mexico 200,500
************************************************************************
OVC Indian programs initiatives with States and tribes
VOCA victim assistance
State victim assistance agencies have been encouraged to support on-
reservation programs with the funds received through victim assistance
formula grant programs. OVC's intent in developing the Assistance to
Victims of Federal Crime in Indian Country grant initiative was not
to create a separate system of assistance for Federal crime victims,
but to use the special grant program as a way to open the door for
Indian Country, so Native Americans eventually would have access to
effective, sustained VOCA assistance programs in their communities.
With the 1988 VOCA amendments, States were required to make 10
percent of their subgrant awards to programs that serve previously
underserved victims of violent crime, such as victims of drunk drivers
or survivors of homicide victims. As part of the effort to make VOCA
resources available to Native Americans, OVC also has included Native
American crime victims as a category that States may use to meet
their underserved victims requirement. In 1990, 12 States responded
by listing Native Americans among their underserved victim populations.
As a result of OVC's encouragement, approximately 30 additional on-
reservation assistance programs are now supported by State victim
assistance agencies through the VOCA victim assistance grant program.
State victim compensation
Until 1988, very few Native Americans knew that compensation programs
were available to them. This lack of familiarity persisted even though
eligible State compensation programs, which receive Federal funds,
must compensate victims of Federal crime on the same basis as they
compensate victims of State crimes.
OVC has worked with the National Organization of Crime Victims
Compensation Boards to initiate a Native American outreach effort to
inform victims of crime on Indian reservations about compensation
programs. Native American victims are gradually becoming aware of
these benefits. In 1990, to promote Native American access to
compensation, OVC developed a new condition for eligibility for a
crime victims compensation grant: that State applicants initiate
specific efforts to inform on-reservation victims about the State's
crime compensation program and the availability of compensation to
all victims of violent crime, regardless of where the crimes are
committed.
It is critical that victim service providers and law enforcement
officials know about their local compensation programs. Crime victims
suffer immeasurably, and financial assistance can be a lifeline that
preserves, for some victims, a measure of stability and dignity.
While no amount of money can erase the tragedy and trauma
experienced by crime victims, financial redress can be an
important first step toward recovery for all crime victims, including
Native American victims.
Children's Justice Act Program for Native Americans
In 1988, while Congress was considering the reauthorization of the
Victims of Crime Act, the Department of Justice successfully proposed
an amendment to reduce the amount of CJA funds available to the
States through HHS. This was proposed to allow Indian tribes to
participate in the grant program. As a result of the amendment,
$675,000 annually is now available to Native Americans to (1)
promote systemic improvements in the way child abuse cases are
investigated and prosecuted in Indian Country and (2) ensure that
child victims are treated in a manner that prevents or limits
the onset of additional trauma.
In 1989, OVC published a Federal Register notice announcing the
availability of CJA for Native Americans grant funds, through a
competitive, discretionary grant award process, for federally
recognized Indian tribes. In the announcement, OVC requested that
tribes design model programs to foster greater cooperation among
law enforcement officers, prosecutors, mental health providers,
social service providers, and victim-witness advocates.
Forty-six applications were received, and on February 6, 1990, the
first 10 CJA for Native Americans grants were awarded. Each of the
funded projects is unique in that each addresses the specific needs
and circumstances of the tribe benefiting from the grant. These
projects will result in:
o The creation of special prosecution units.
o Training for multidisciplinary teams.
o Revisions of tribal codes to address child abuse matters.
o Child advocacy services for children involved in court processes.
o Protocols for reporting, investigating, prosecuting, and treating
child sexual abuse cases.
o Improved case management and treatment services.
In November 1990, an additional nine CJA for Native Americans grants
were awarded directly to tribes.
In 1991, continuation grants were awarded to enable tribes to
stabilize the improvements and ensure that the positive changes were
integrated into the tribes' systems and procedures for handling
serious cases of child abuse. Total funding for this program to date
amounts to $2,151,826 (including continuations, training, and
technical assistance).
*********************************************************************
Children's Justice Act for Native Americans Funding (1989)
Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes
(Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana) $50,000
Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma 52,000
Crow-Creek Sioux Tribe
(Crow-Creek Reservation, South Dakota) 41,000
Gila River Indian Community
(Gila River Indian Reservation, Arizona) 43,000
Hopi Tribe (Hopi Reservation, Arizona) 45,000
Mississippi Band of Choctaw
(Choctaw Reservation, Mississippi) 40,000
Nez Perce Tribe (Nez Perce Reservation, Idaho) 50,000
Ogala Sioux Tribe
(Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota) 60,000
Pueblo of Santa Clara, New Mexico 30,000
The South Puget Sound Intertribal Agency/Intertribal Family
Services (on behalf of the Chehalis, Skokomish, Squaxin
Island, Quileuta, Jamestown Klallam, Makah, Lower Elwha,
and Shoalwater Bay Tribes of Washington) 55,000
--------
$466,000
Children's Justice Act for Native Americans Funding (1990)
Blackfeet Tribal Business Council
(Blackfeet Nation, Browning, Montana) $84,625
Bristol Bay Native Association (Dillingham, Alaska) 84,486
Grand Portage Reservation
(Grand Portage, Minnesota) 341,001
Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa & Chippewa
(Suttons Bay, Michigan) 55,214
Hannahville Indian Community (Wilson, Michigan) 27,210
Menominee Indian Tribe (Keshena, Wisconsin) 49,027
Rosebud Sioux Tribe (Rosebud, South Dakota) 56,833
Salt River Pima-Maricopa (Scottsdale, Arizona) 63,759
Washoe Tribe of Nevada & California
(Garnerville, Nevada) 65,317
--------
$517,472
********************************************************************
Training and technical assistance
To improve the quality of the response to crime victims in Indian
Country, OVC has sponsored a number of training opportunities for
service providers and tribal and Federal officials responsible for
investigating and prosecuting violent crimes in Indian Country. For
3 years, OVC has financed a daylong specialized training on the
handling, investigation, and prosecution of child sexual abuse cases
in the Federal system. This training is held in conjunction with the
National Symposium on Child Sexual Abuse in Huntsville, Alabama, and
presents state-of-the-art information for Federal officials, law
enforcement officers, medical personnel, victim advocates, mental
health providers, and social service professionals. Persons in
attendance have included Bureau of Indian Affairs criminal
investigators, FBI special agents, other Federal and tribal law
enforcement officers, Assistant U.S. Attorneys, victim-witness
coordinators from U.S. Attorneys' offices, and tribal
representatives who have received CJA for Native Americans grant
funds. The purpose of the training has been to build skills and to
promote an interdisciplinary approach to coordinating all aspects of
the investigation, prosecution, and treatment of child victims. Such
coordination minimizes trauma and improves assistance to victims.
One OVC-sponsored training conference,"Child Sexual Exploitation:
Federal, State, Local, and Tribal Initiatives," was held in January
1990 in Phoenix, Arizona. Those in attendance included teams of
Federal investigators, prosecutors, and service providers who must
address the problems of child pornography, child sexual exploitation,
and multiple-victim cases in Indian Country. Scholarships were
provided for 50 Native American participants.
Through an interagency agreement with the Federal Law Enforcement
Training Center, OVC has sponsored training events that have involved
Bureau of Indian Affairs law enforcement personnel and focused on the
treatment of crime victims, including responding to child abuse and
family violence. Seven training sessions have been held in Phoenix,
Arizona; Aberdeen, South Dakota; Billings, Montana; Albuquerque, New
Mexico; Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Oregon; Green Bay,
Wisconsin; and Window Rock, Arizona.
Since 1988, OVC has sponsored an annual national conference for
Native Americans, "Indian Nations: Justice for Victims of Crime."
The Rapid City, South Dakota, conference in 1988; the Phoenix,
Arizona, conference in 1989; and the 1990 conference in Portland,
Oregon, brought together more than 700
Native American victims of crime, victim advocates, and service
providers from a variety of agencies and disciplines, including the
mental health, social services, and criminal justice professions.
These conferences provided another opportunity for an
interdisciplinary gathering of professionals to identify and address
the needs of crime victims in Indian Country. The next conference
will be held in Albuquerque, New Mexico, in April 1992.
In 1990, OVC announced the award of two new competitive grants to
provide training and technical assistance to Indian victim
assistance programs. Two Native American nonprofit organizations
have provided regional training seminars and onsite technical
assistance visits to victim assistance programs funded by OVC under
the Assistance to Victims of Federal Crime in Indian Country grant
program and the CJA for Native Americans grant program. Staff at 72
programs have received the necessary training and technical
assistance to start and successfully operate their new programs.
Summary
OVC is committed to improving the provision of victim assistance
services to Native Americans. Throughout the last 5 years, OVC has
made the initiation and development of these services the highest
funding priority for that percentage of the Crime Victims Fund
available for training, technical assistance, and services to
victims of Federal crime. The concentrated effort in this area grew
out of OVC's initial attempts to address the needs of Native
American victims through providing emergency services to
multiple-victims of child sexual abuse. However, the funding effort
soon expanded into many other areas.
OVC activities in Indian Country have included (1) the provision of
emergency services for Native American crime victims; (2)
establishment of victim assistance programs on reservations; (3)
establishment of programs to improve the investigation and prosecution
of child sexual abuse cases in Indian country; (4) training and
technical assistance for a variety of professionals who have
responsibility for the identification, investigation, and prosecution
of crimes, and the treatment of victims in Indian Country; (5)
inclusion of Native Americans as a category of victims that States
may use in meeting their underserved requirement in VOCA victim
assistance programs; and (6) the dissemination of information about
the availability of crime victim compensation programs.
These efforts in Indian Country are but small steps toward improving
a serious situation involving a near absence of victim services.
There is a long way to go before the basic intent of the Victims of
Crime Act will be fulfilled and all crime victims in this
country-regardless of where they live-have access to the
compassionate support and responsive assistance needed to recover
from the demoralizing and sometimes devastating effects of crime.
For additional copies of this Bulletin or more information on Native
American victims, Contact OVC's National Victims Resource Center at
1-800-627-6872.
********************************************************************
The Assistant Attorney General, Office of Justice Programs,
establishes the policies and priorities, and manages and
coordinates the activities of the Bureau of Justice Assistance,
Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Institute of Justice,
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and the
Office for Victims of Crime.
*********************************************************************
NCJ 133963
| en |
all-txt-docs | 428200 |
*Pages 1--2 from Microsoft Word - 15096*
Federal Communications Commission DA 02- 398
Before the Federal Communications Commission
Washington, DC 20554
In the Matter of ) )
Requests for Review of the ) Decision of the )
Universal Service Administrator by ) )
Consorcio de Escuelas y Bibliotecas ) File No. SLD- 228216 de Puerto Rico )
San Juan, Puerto Rico ) )
Most Holy Trinity School ) File No. SLD- 161422 Brooklyn, New York )
) Oakland Unified School District ) File No. SLD- 202873
Novato, California ) )
Southern Adirondack Library System ) File No. SLD- 267054 Saratoga Springs, New York )
) Federal- State Joint Board on ) CC Docket No. 96- 45
Universal Service ) )
Changes to the Board of Directors of the ) CC Docket No. 97- 21 National Exchange Carrier Association, Inc. )
ORDER
Adopted: February 21, 2002 Released: February 22, 2002
By the Accounting Policy Division, Common Carrier Bureau:
1. The Accounting Policy Division (Division) has under consideration the above-captioned Requests for Review of decisions issued by the Schools and Libraries Division( SLD)
1
Federal Communications Commission DA 02- 398
2
of the Universal Service Administrative Company. 1 These requests seek review of SLD decisions pursuant to section 54.719( c) of the Commissions rules. 2
2. The Commissions rules provide that the Common Carrier Bureau (Bureau) must issue a decision resolving a request for review of matters properly before it within ninety (90)
days unless the time period is extended. 3 The Bureau requires additional time to review the issues presented. Accordingly, we extend by an additional sixty (60) days the deadline by which
the Bureau must take action regarding the instant Requests for Review of decisions by the SLD.
3. Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED, pursuant to section 54.724( a) of the Commission's rules, 47 C. F. R. 54.724( a), that the time period for taking action in the above- captioned
Requests for Review IS EXTENDED BY an additional sixty (60) days to April 29, 2002, for the Request for Review filed by Consorcio de Escuelas y Bibliotecas de Puerto Rico, San Juan,
Puerto Rico; to April 3, 2002, for the Request for Review filed by Most Holy Trinity School, Brooklyn, New York; to April 22, 2002, for the Request for Review filed by Oakland Unified
School District, Novato, California; to April 2, 2002, for the Request for Review filed by Southern Adirondack Library System, Saratoga Springs, New York.
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
Mark G. Seifert Deputy Chief, Accounting Policy Division
Common Carrier Bureau
1 Letter from Ines ONeill and Ramsey L. Woodworth, Consorcio de Escuelas y Bibliotecas de Puerto Rico, filed
November 29, 2001; Letter from Winston E. Himsworth, Most Holy Trinity School, filed November 5, 2001; Letter from David L. Wilner, Oakland Unified School District, filed November 21, 2001; Letter from Miriam Meier,
Southern Adirondack Library System, filed November 5, 2001 (Requests for Review).
2 See Requests for Review. Section 54. 719( c) of the Commissions rules provides that any person aggrieved by an
action taken by a division of the Administrator may seek review from the Commission. 47 C. F. R. 54. 719( c).
3 47 C. F. R. 54. 724( a).
2
| en |
converted_docs | 788368 | **[NORTHEAST REGION WING INSPECTORS GENERAL]{.underline}**
**[10 December 2008]{.underline}**
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| **[NEW JERSEY]{.underline}** | **[NEW YORK]{.underline}** |
| | |
| Maj Samuel Williamson | Lt Col \[Dr\] Lawrence Model |
| | |
| 17 Woodlawn Road | 11 Medical Park Drive |
| | |
| Somerset, NJ 08873 | Pomona, NY 10679 |
| | |
| Home 732-545-6176 | 845-354-6700 9am-6pm |
| | |
| Cell 908-385-4896 Work | Pager 6 pm 866-805-6383 |
| 908-582-5890 | |
| | Email: <nywig@optonline.net> |
| Email: | |
| [srwilliamson1@verizon.ne | |
| t](mailto:swilliamson@lucent.com) | |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| **[MAINE]{.underline}** | **[PENNSYLVANIA]{.underline}** |
| | |
| Maj Ken Knightly | Lt Col Douglas S. Allen |
| | |
| 17 Knightly Road | PA Wing CAP Headquarters\ |
| | Building 3-108\ |
| LaGrange, ME 04453 | Fort Indiantown Gap\ |
| | Annville, PA 17003\ |
| 207-943-5672 | Tel: 717-861-2335\ |
| | FAX: 717-861-2164\ |
| Cell: 207-279-0694 | email: <dsallen@att.net> |
| | |
| Email: <kknightly@mewg.cap.gov> | |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| **[MASSACHUSETTS]{.underline}** | **[CONNECTICUT]{.underline}** |
| | |
| Maj James R. Fallon | Lt Col Carlton A. Stidsen |
| | |
| 128 Pond Brook Road | 456 Mile Hill Road |
| | |
| Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 | Tolland, CT 06084-3616 |
| | |
| 617-429-6544 | 860-871-1088 |
| | |
| email: <rayfallon@comcast.net> | Email: <cndstid@aol.com> |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| **[RHODE ISLAND]{.underline}** | **[VERMONT]{.underline}** |
| | |
| 2LT Michael Walko | Lt Col David Campbell |
| | |
| 1399 Phillips Road - Apt 23\ | 174 Wright Farm Road\ |
| New Bedford, MA 02745 | Colchester, VT 05446 |
| | |
| Home: (774) 206-5641\ | Home: (802) 878-8663\ |
| Cell (908) 419-5336 | Cell: (802) 598-5398 |
| | |
| email: <nycop01@aol.com> | email: |
| | <davecampbell@together.net> |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| **[NEW HAMPSHIRE]{.underline}** | |
| | |
| Capt Harold (Red) Wheeler | |
| | |
| 216 Fremont Street | |
| | |
| Manchester, NH 03103 | |
| | |
| 603-623-5321 | |
| | |
| Pager: 603-596-6414 | |
| | |
| Blackberry: 603-703-1760 | |
| | |
| email: | |
| <harold.wheeler@comcast.net> | |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| en |
markdown | 933204 | # Presentation: 933204
## Disadvantaged Business Enterprise Program New On-Line Reporting & New Concessions Rule
- FAA, Northwest Mountain Region
- Airports Conference, April 6, 2005
- Presented by:
- Christine Whitehead and Joelle Briggs
- External Program Managers, Civil Rights Staff
## Two Major Changes in DBE
- DBE Office On-Line Reporting System (DOORS)
- Issuance of the New Concessions Rule, 49 CFR Part 23
## IF Time Permits
- Good Faith Effort Evaluations
- Monitoring and Enforcement
## DOORS PROGRAM
**Automates the Uniform Report of DBE Awards or Commitments and Payments **
**Website address for recipient’s to access is: **_[http://crext.agl.faa.gov](http://crext.agl.faa.gov/)_
## Slide 5
## Data Entry Mirrors the Uniform Report
**Data Entry Mirrors the Uniform Report**
## Slide 7
## Slide 8
## Slide 9
## Slide 10
## Notification of Data Entry Errors
**Notification of Data Entry** **Errors**
## Slide 12
## New DBE Concessions Regulation 49 CFR Part 23
- Signed March 8, 2005
- Major Changes
- Plan Submittal Timeline
- Overview of Goal Setting Process
## Concession Plan Submittal Timeline
**Primary Airports Only**
- Large/Medium HUB – January 1, 2006
- 1st Update October 1, 2008 (then every 3 years)
- Small HUB – October 1, 2006
- Update every 3 years
- Non-HUB Primary – October 1, 2007
- Update every 3 years
## Good Faith Effort Evaluation
## Monitoring and Enforcement Mechanisms
## Section 26.37 Monitoring and Enforcement Mechanisms
- The [*Recipient*] will take the following monitoring and enforcement mechanisms to ensure compliance with 49 CFR Part 26.
## Section 26.37 Monitoring and Enforcement Mechanisms
** ****We will bring to the attention of the Department of Transportation any false, fraudulent, or dishonest conduct in connection with the program, so that DOT can take the steps (e.g., referral to the Department of Justice for criminal prosecution, referral to the DOT Inspector General, action under suspension and debarment or Program Fraud and Civil Penalties rules) provided in 26.109.**
## Section 26.37 Monitoring and Enforcement Mechanisms
**We will consider similar action under our own legal authorities, including responsibility determinations in future contracts. ****Attachment ___ lists the regulation, provisions, and contract remedies available to us in the events of non-compliance**** with the DBE regulation by a participant in our procurement activities.**
## Section 26.37 Monitoring and Enforcement Mechanisms
** ****We will also ****implement a monitoring and enforcement mechanism to ensure that work committed to DBEs at contract award is actually performed by the DBEs.**** This mechanism will provide for a running tally of actual DBE attainments (e.g., payment actually made to DBE firms), including a means of comparing these attainments to commitments. This will be accomplished by [*****describe the mechanism*****].**
## Section 26.37 Monitoring and Enforcement Mechanisms
**In our reports of DBE participation to DOT, we will show both commitments and attainments, as required by the DOT reporting form.**
## QUESTIONS?
- Christine Whitehead
- 425-227-2095
- _[christine.whitehead@faa.gov](mailto:christine.whitehead@faa.gov)_
- Joelle Briggs
- 425-227-2095
- _[joelle.briggs@faa.gov](mailto:joelle.briggs@faa.gov)_ | en |
converted_docs | 493092 | August 13, 2004
Division of Dockets Management (HFA-305)
Food and Drug Administration
5630 Fishers Lane
# Room 1061
Rockville, MD 20852
Re: Docket No: 2004N-0081
Dear Sir or Madame:
As scientists and recognized experts who have worked in the field of
TSEs for decades, we are deeply concerned by the recent discoveries of
indigenous BSE infected cattle in North America and appreciate the
opportunity to submit comments to this very important Advance Notice of
Proposed Rulemaking (ANPRM). 69 Fed. Reg. 42288 (July 14, 2004).
We hope that the discovery of these indigenous cases will at last
provide the necessary impetus to implement, monitor and enforce a
comprehensive and protective feed ban that is more congruent with the
measures that have been proven to be effective in the United Kingdom.
The currently implemented ban in the UK evolved in response to repeated
disappointments in predicted downturns in the epidemic course. The feed
ban was implemented in 1988 followed by a specified bovine offals (SBO)
ban two years later. The epidemic peaked two years after that but
lingered much longer than anticipated. To bring it fully under control
required increasingly inclusive bans and much more stringent
enforcement. Inspired and justified by the appearance of the first human
cases and the looming threat of a vCJD epidemic, beginning in 1996 there
was an extension of the SBO ban to "specified risk materials", SRMs;
implementation of the OTM scheme in which cattle over thirty months of
age are placed in a higher risk category; and gradual extensions of the
feed ban to all mammals and then all vertebrates and finally all feed
uses. The change in enforcement in 1996 is readily evident in the
epidemic record giving rise to the term BARBs, "Born After the Real Ban"
in UK scientific circles. We in North America could do this experiment
all over again, waiting for each new warning before adding more
stringency to our control measures, or we can benefit from the British
experience and take decisive measures now to arrest any further
development of the underlying epidemic that is implicit in the two BSE
cases discovered to date.
Hopefully, the cases that have currently come to light in North America
represent the peak of whatever epidemic was incubating at the time that
our own feed bans were implemented in 1998. If the bans (US and Canada)
were effective, and the epidemic progressed similarly to that in the UK,
we would expect a peak in 2004. However, if the bans have not been
effective, either due to its exclusions, limited scope, or inadequate
enforcement, the epidemic could still be growing.
There is no way to distinguish these two possibilities from the
currently available data. The only way to obtain this data is through a
much more comprehensive testing program than that proposed by the USDA,
one designed specifically to establish the current prevalence of
infected animals. (We recognize that a comprehensive program of this
sort would also have ancillary benefits as a screening test for food.)
Since we hope that the prevalence rates are low and stay low, we do not
see how this can be accomplished credibly without universal testing.
Without sound data on the actual prevalence of the infection it will not
be possible to track the effectiveness of any control measures that are
implemented. If the control measures are not effective it will
eventually become apparent in the appearance of increasing numbers of
new cases. However, the UK epidemic has taught us that by the time a BSE
epidemic becomes readily apparent there are already a large cohort of
infected individuals, large numbers of humans have already been put at
risk, and it becomes increasingly difficult to control.
To guarantee our safety, it is essential that the North American bans
provide absolute controls for specified risk materials (SRMs) by
eliminating existing exemptions; by eliminating dead ruminant livestock
as a source of animal feed; and by providing for greater control over
cross contamination of ruminant feed by ruminant protein.
With SRM exemptions providing a source of infectivity to the animal feed
system, the current US feed ban, still allows the possibility for cattle
to be exposed to BSE through:
1. Feeding of ruminant protein back to ruminants per legal exemptions
(*e.g*., poultry litter, plate waste)
2. Cross feeding (the feeding of non-ruminant rations to ruminants) on
farms
3. Cross contamination of ruminant and non-ruminant feed
In addition, there are other species which are susceptible to BSE and
the regulations allow for SRMs to still be included in feed for these
animals.
Hence we believe that FDA must assure that all possible sources of
contaminated materials are fully removed from all animal feeds and that
legal exemptions which allow ruminant protein to be fed back to
ruminants (with the exception of milk) should be discontinued.[^1]
**SRMs**
Because infectivity studies are logistically challenging and expensive
not every tissue on the SRM list has been bioassayed. The SRMs included
in the USDA regulation, are tissues known to contain infectivity or to
be closely associated with tissues known to contain infectivity. For
example, the skull and vertebral column which encase the brain and
spinal cord, respectively, can be assumed to have gross contamination.
The tissue distribution of infectivity in BSE infected cattle has
primarily been determined by 3 studies conducted in the United Kingdom
all of which had serious limitations.
In two of the studies bioassays were done in mice which are at least
1000 fold less sensitive to BSE than cattle themselves. Only the high
titers of infectivity can be detected by this method. These
investigations found infectivity in the brain and central nervous system
as expected but also in the distal ileum of experimentally infected
calves beginning only six months after challenge and continuing
throughout life. (Wells et. al., 1994; 1998). Positive immunostaining
for PrP^res^ was identified along the length of the intestine providing
evidence that the entire intestine should be considered as SRM
consistent with EU regulations (personal communication Danny Matthews,
UK, VLA). We also note that the International Advisory Committee
appointed by Secretary Veneman also recommended that the SRM ban in the
US be amended to include the entire intestine from duodenum to rectum.
Studies bioassayed in calves where sensitivity of the assay should be
high has produced similar results and in addition found infectivity in
tonsil and bone marrow and the lymphoid tissue of third eyelid (Dr.
Danny Matthews, UK DEFRA, personal communication).
While bioassay in cattle is far preferable to mice in terms of
sensitivity, cattle nevertheless present their own limitations in terms
of the long incubation time (four to six years for high titer inoculum,
and \>10 to 12 years for low titer inoculations) and the limited number
of animals that can be used for assay compared to rodents. As a
consequence the significance of the negative finding for many tissues is
questionable. For example, while muscle produced no infections, only
0.5g of muscle was bioassayed from a total of 1500 kg (Gerald Wells, UK
DEFRA personal communication). In contrast, three recent reports have
found either TSE infectivity or PrP amyloid in the muscles of sheep and
rodents. In contrast with humans, sheep, monkeys, mice and hamsters, no
infectivity was found in the blood of BSE infected cattle. We consider
it very unlikely that cattle are the sole outlier to what has been a
consistent finding in all other TSE diseases where the measurement has
been made with sufficient sensitivity to detect the low levels of
infectivity that are present in blood. Rather this failure is more
likely a measure of the lack of sensitivity of the experimental methods
of measurement. If blood is infected then all vascularized tissues can
be expected to contain some infectivity in proportion to the content of
residual blood. Certainly, blood and blood proteins should not be used
as feed without conclusive evidence that they are safe.
## Specific Exemptions to the feed ban that should be eliminated
[Poultry Litter]{.underline}
There are two sources of risk from poultry litter. Poultry litter not
only consists of digested feed but also of feed which spills from the
cages. As a consequence, the practice of feeding litter back to cattle
is by its nature non-compliant with the current feed ban if the poultry
themselves are being fed ruminant protein. Poultry traditionally
consumed a large proportion of the MBM produced in the US. Given that
ruminant protein can no longer be fed to ruminants in the US and that
most if not all countries will no longer import our ruminant MBM, an
even larger part of poultry diets is now ruminant MBM. Spillage provides
a direct link to back to cattle.
There is also no reason to expect that TSE infectivity would be
inactivated by passage through the poultry gut, and only a dim
possibility that it would be inactivated by composting. Thus the poultry
feces are another potential route of transmission back to cattle.
Evidence for this comes from rodent experiments where infectivity was
demonstrated in the feces after being fed: "Laboratory experiments
(Dickinson et al) show that mice orally challenged with scrapie have
detectable infectivity that passes through the gut. Gut contents and
fecal matter may therefore contain infectivity, and it is noted that in
experimental oral challenges in cattle conducted in the UK, feces must
be treated as medical waste for one month following the challenge. It is
concluded that digestive contents and fecal material from livestock or
poultry currently being fed with MBM potentially contaminated with BSE
should not be used as a feed ingredient for animal feed."
**\[Proceedings**: **Joint WHO/FAO/OIE/ Technical Consultation on BSE:
public health, animal health and trade. Paris, 10-14 June 2001.**
It may be possible to remove the risk from poultry litter by
sterilization. However, unless or until a method can be developed and
validated, poultry litter should be banned from ruminant feed.
[Plate Waste]{.underline}
Plate waste is not limited to meat (muscle tissue). For example, cuts
that include a portion of the spinal cord or that are contaminated by
cord or ganglia during preparation could contain high levels of
infectivity if derived from a TSE infected animal late in the
preclinical stage of infection. At best this material would only be
exposed to normal cooking temperatures. USDA, APHIS experience with the
Swine Health Protection Act has revealed that plate waste also includes
uncooked trimmings and bones. Although the current FDA regulation
requires the plate waste be treated again, there are no specifications
which would render a TSE agent inactive. Of greatest risk would be
bovine sources of infectivity but sheep scrapie, although not known to
be a risk for human consumption, is one of the possible origins of BSE.
The sheep scrapie agent is known to be widely dispersed including
relatively high titers in lymphoid as well as nervous tissue. We support
the USDA's opposition to the exemption of "plate waste" as stated in
written comments since 1997.
[Ruminant Blood]{.underline}
As discussed above, we consider likely that the blood of BSE infected
cattle contains low levels of infectivity similar to those found in
humans, monkeys, sheep, mice and hamsters including sheep and mice
infected with BSE. However, there is another, perhaps even more
dangerous source of blood-borne infectivity in slaughtered cattle
carrying the infection. This is because stunning releases micro emboli
of brain tissue into the circulatory system where they become widely
distributed in the few moments before the exsanguination and
death. (Anil et al, 1999; Anil, et al, 2001a & b; Anil et al, 2002;
Love, et al, 2000; Mackey and Derrick, 1979) The risks from this source
of infection extend really to all tissues in the body including those
that end up as food and plate waste and as a consequence this issue has
profound implications for public health as well as bovine health. It
also impacts the significance and rational for SRM and clearly needs to
be understood far better than it is at present to be fully accounted for
in a science based policy. This may be a special problem where sprayed
dried blood is being used as a milk replacer for calves. The infection
might never be seen in veal calves where this practice is most common,
but could nevertheless amplify the spread the disease through other loop
holes in the ban like plate waste. It is thought that young animals are
especially susceptible to infection.
[Unfiltered Tallow]{.underline}
Ruminant tallow is exempted from the current feed ban. Tallow contains
protein impurities (i.e. MBM) that could be a source of TSE infectivity.
There are no FDA impurity level requirements for this tallow. It has
been reported that it is standard practice to produce tallow which has
an impurity level of .15% or below. However, it is not clear that this
is adequate to remove the risk of transmission and there is no
requirement to meet even this standard.
**Risk from Deadstock**
The levels of total infectivity in a TSE infected animal increase as the
animal approaches and progresses to clinical disease and infected
individuals only exhibit recognizable clinical symptoms once infectivity
titers have reached high levels in the brain. Surveillance data
collected throughout Europe indicates there is a much greater likelihood
for BSE to be detected in dead or down cattle than from healthy normal
animals. An animal which dies of BSE would be at the peak of
infectivity, that is they would carry the greatest amount of agent at
this point in the disease.
In the 2001 Harvard risk assessment model it was shown that eliminating
dead and downer, 4D cattle, from the feed stream was a
disproportionately effective means of reducing the risk of reinfection.
We endorse this approach and strongly recommend provisions to eliminate
this source of exposure from ruminant feed. (Harvard Risk Assessment,
2001 Executive Summary)
**Exposure: Cross Feeding and Cross Contmaination**
The UK epidemiology has clearly shown that BSE contaminated feed is the
primary if not sole vehicle for the transmission of BSE between cattle.
Moreover, results from the United Kingdom's attack rate study indicate
that it does not take much exposure to transmit BSE to cattle. Recent
results from the attack rate study which is still in progress has found
that .1 gr of brain transmitted BSE to 3 cows out of 15 thus far, and
.01 and .001gr of brain has transmitted BSE (1 cow out of 15). (Danny
Matthews, DEFRA presentation at TAFS meeting, Washington, DC April
2004).
Rendering may reduce infectivity but it does not eliminate it. (Taylor
et al, 1995; Taylor et al, 1997; Schreuder et al, 1998). Given that BSE
can be transmitted to cattle via an oral route with just .001 gram of
infected tissue, it does not take much infectivity to contaminate feed
and keep the disease recycling. This is especially true in the US and
other countries which do not have dedicated lines and equipment to
manufacture and process feed for ruminants and non ruminants.
In addition, epidemiological investigations in European countries have
shown that cross feeding and cross contamination on farm can be a
significant vehicle for continued BSE transmission even after feed bans
are well established. Cross feeding is the inadvertent practice of
feeding meal for poultry or pigs (which has a likelihood of being
ruminant MBM) to cattle on the same farm. This is usually due to simple
human error. (Hoinville, 1994; Hoinville et al, 1995; Doherr et al,
2002a; Stevenson et al, 2000)
FDA, CVM reports that compliance with the feed ban is over 90%. For the
most part this does not include the compliance level on the farm. There
are hundreds of thousands of farms in the US. Many of these have
multiple species. That is they have cattle, pigs, chickens etc. The
sheer numbers of farms make it very difficult to assure compliance on
farm and to adequately cover all farms by inspection. The rendering
industry and feed industry can maintain 100% compliance at there
facilities but if a producer inadvertently feeds chicken feed to cattle
the compliance rate higher in the chain is negated.
The May 2003 Canadian BSE case illustrates the possibility of these
mistakes. The positive cow was rendered and then MBM distributed to
various locations. Two of these locations included poultry farms which
mixed their own feed. The farms also had cattle. The investigation could
not eliminate the possibility that the cattle were fed the same feed as
the poultry. The cattle on these farms were completely depopulated.
Human error is extremely difficult to prevent especially when
enforcement has extreme logistical challenges. By eliminating all
material (SRMs and deadstock) which may introduce infectivity into the
system before any processing, the resulting MBM becomes inherently
safer. If mistakes are then made on farm, they become much less relevant
in regards to the recycling of BSE.
**Exposure: Susceptibility of other Species**
**Felines**
A transmissible spongiform encephalopathy has been diagnosed in eight
species of captive wild ruminants as well as exotic (cheetahs, pumas, a
tiger and an ocelot) and domestic cats. There have been over 80 domestic
cat cases of Feline Spongiform Encephalopathy (FSE) in Great Britain,
and cats in Norway, Northern Ireland, Lichtenstein and Switzerland. The
agent isolated from several of these cases is indistinguishable from BSE
in cattle using strain typing in mice, suggesting that FSE is actually
BSE in exotic and domestic cats. This also appears to be true for the
other ruminants. Epidemiological evidence suggests BSE contaminated feed
to be the primary source of infection in these species. (MAFF Progress
Report, June 1997), thus providing additional supporting evidence for
the dangers of BSE contaminated feed the necessity of removing all
sources of potential contamination from the feed stream.
**Other species**
Studies conducted at the National Institutes of Health Rocky Mountain
Laboratory caution against assuming that animals which do not become
clinically ill are not infected. It is unknown if certain animals may
become carriers, i.e., become infected, shed agent but do not progress
to develop clinical disease. Infection of certain rodent species with
different TSE strains suggests the possibility of a carrier state
(Collis and Kimberlin 1985; Race and Chesebro, 1998; Race et. al, 2001).
In the most recent study, mice were inoculated with 263K hamster
scrapie. There was a prolonged period (approximately one year) where
there was no evidence of replication of infectivity. Furthermore, there
was no evidence of PrPSc during this phase of inactive persistence. This
study found that this phase was followed by a period of active
replication of infectivity and agent adaptation. In most cases, PrPSc
was not detected in the active phase as well (Race et. al., 2001). It is
important to determine if this persistence and adaptation occurs in
other species exposed to TSEs as it may have significance in feeding
programs which continually expose certain species to BSE infectivity.
For example, if BSE infected brain and spinal cord are continually fed
to certain species, it may be possible for the agent to persist and
adapt in these new species. Over time, the 'resistant' species may
become a source of agent. Considering the results of the study by Race
and colleagues, if there were an inactive persistence phase in certain
species, PrP Sc would not be detectable, yet there would be infectivity
(Race et. al., 2001).
Pigs displayed evidence of a TSE after exposure to BSE by 3 parenteral
routes(Dawson et. al., 1990). In this transmission there was evidence of
infectivity in the CNS, stomach, intestine and pancreas of the pigs.
Oral transmission has been attempted in swine. The inoculated swine were
euthanized after 84 months of age and had not exhibited any signs of a
TSE. Parenteral and oral transmission has also been attempted in
chickens with no evidence of disease. Tissues from the BSE-challenged
pigs and chickens were inoculated into susceptible mice to look for
residual infectivity, to date none has been found. The criticism of this
study is the use of mice instead of cattle as the assay model due to the
decrease of sensitivity.
If any of these scenarios became established in commercial species they
could become reservoirs for reinfection of cattle and perpetuation or
reintroduction of the epidemic. We offer these possibilities to
reinforce the need to eliminate all possible sources of contamination
from the feed stream.
The need to remove high risk material from all animal feed is also
supported by other bodies with expertise in the field of TSEs:
[Recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO)]{.underline}
The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued the following
recommendations for countries with BSE or those where a known exposure
exists:
- No part or product of any animal which has shown signs of a TSE
should enter any food chain (human or animal). In particular:
- All countries must ensure the killing and safe disposal of all
parts or products of such animals so that TSE infectivity cannot
enter any food chain.
- Countries should not permit tissues that are likely to contain
the BSE agent to enter any food chain (human or animal).
From the report of a WHO Consultation on Public Health Issues related to
Human and Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies WHO/EMC/DIS
96.147, Geneva, 2-3 April 1996.
[Recommendations of the Harvard/Tuskegee BSE Risk
Assessment]{.underline}
Executive Summary of the 2001 release:
"*Specific pathways or practices that would contribute the most to the
spread of BSE if it were introduced into the U.S. relate to compliance
with the FDA feed ban and include misfeeding on the farm and the
mislabeling of feed and feed products prohibited for consumption by
cattle. The disposition of cattle that die on the farm would also have a
substantial influence on the spread of BSE if this disease were
introduced into the U.S.*"
"*Our evaluation of potential risk mitigation actions highlights
potential measures to further reduce the already low likelihood that BSE
could spread to cattle or contaminate human food if it were to arise.
Prohibiting the rendering of animals that die on the farm, possibly of
BSE, removes a great deal of potential contamination in the animal feed
chain and reduces average predicted cases of BSE following introduction
of ten infected cattle by 77%. Implementation of a UK-style ban on
specified risk material (e.g., spinal cords, brains, vertebral columns)
from both human food and animal feed reduces the predicted number of BSE
cases in cattle by 80% and the potential human exposure by 95%.*"
*"The disposition of cattle that die on the farm would also have a
substantial influence on the spread of BSE if the disease were
introduced." The base case scenario showed that the mean total number of
ID50s (i.e., dosage sufficient to infect 50 percent of exposed cattle)
from healthy animals at slaughter presented to the food/feed system was
1500. The mean total number of ID50s from adult cattle deadstock
presented to the feed system was 37,000. This illustrates the risk of
"4D cattle" (i.e., deadstock).* From the Harvard Risk Assessment, 2001,
Appendix 3A Base Case.
[Recommendations of the Subcommittee to the USDA's Foreign Animal and
Poultry Disease Advisory Committee]{.underline}
An international panel of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE)
experts appointed by Secretary of Agriculture Ann M. Veneman as a
subcommittee to the Foreign Animal and Poultry Disease Advisory
Committee issued a report in February 2004 which stated:
*"... given the epidemiological evidence indicating that BSE agent was
already circulating in ruminant feed prior to the feed ban in 1997, and
the integration of the North American cattle and feed industries, strong
consideration should be given to excluding all SRM from both the human
food and animal feed supplies."*
*"Considering the BSE situation in North America, the subcommittee
believes the partial (ruminant to ruminant) feed ban that is currently
in place is insufficient to prevent exposure of cattle to the BSE
agent."*
From the Secretary's Advisory Committee on Foreign Animal and Poultry
Diseases' Subcommittee on the United States' Response to the Detection
of a Case of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Report on Measures
Relating to Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in the United States,
2 February 2004, p. 8.
### Conclusion
###
In conclusion we urge the FDA to implement, monitor and enforce a
comprehensive and protective feed ban that is more congruent with the
measures that have been proven to be effective in the United Kingdom. We
do not feel that we can overstate the dangers from the insidious threat
from these diseases and the need to control and arrest them before the
spread widely.
However we also wish to emphasize that as scientists that have dedicated
substantive portions of our careers to defining the risks from TSEs as
well as developing strategies for managing those risks, we are confident
that there will eventually be technical solutions to many of the
challenges that we currently confront from these diseases. Thus, we urge
the FDA to frame its regulations in terms that allow for the use of any
banned material if it can be proven safe for a given application.
**REFERENCES**
Anil,M.H.; Love,S.; Helps,C.R.; McKinstry,J.L.; Brown,S.N.; Philips,A.;
Williams,S.; Shand,A.; Bakirel,T.; Harbour,D.A. - Jugular venous emboli
of brain tissue induced in sheep by the use of captive bolt guns -
Veterinary Record 2001 May 19; 148: 619-20
Anil,M.H.; Harbour,D.A. - Current stunning and slaughter methods in
cattle and sheep. Potential for carcass contamination with central
nervous tissue and microorganisms - Fleischwirtschaft 2001; 11: 123
Anil,M.H.; Love,S.; Helps,C.R.; Harbour,D. - Potential for carcass
contamination with brain tissue following stunning and slaughter in
cattle and sheep - Food Control 2002; 13: 431-6
Dawson,M.; Wells,G.A.H.; Parker,B.N.; Scott,A.C. - Primary parenteral
transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to the pig - Veterinary
Record 1990 Sep 29; 127(13): 338
Doherr,M.G.; Hett,A.R.; Rufenacht,J.; Zurbriggen,A.; Heim,D. -
Geographical clustering of cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy
(BSE) born in Switzerland after the feed ban - Veterinary Record 2002
Oct 19; 151(16): 467-72
Hadlow W. J., Kennedy R. C. & Race R. E. (1982) Natural infection of
Suffolk sheep with Scrapie virus. *J. Infect. Dis*., 146, 657-664
Hoinville,L.J. - Decline in the incidence of BSE in cattle born after
the introduction of the \'feed ban\' - Veterinary Record 1994 Mar 12;
134(11): 274-5
Hoinville,L.J.; Wilesmith,J.W.; Richards,M.S. - An investigation of risk
factors for cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy born after the
introduction of the \'feed ban\' - Veterinary Record 1995 Apr 1;
136(13): 312-8
Houston,E.F.; Foster,J.D.; Chong,A.; Hunter,N.; Bostock,C.J. --
Transmission of BSE by blood transfusion in sheep -- Lancet 2000 Sep 16;
356(9234); 999-1000
Hunter,N.; Foster,J; Chong,A.; McCutcheon,S.; Parnham,D.; Eaton,S.;
MacKenzie,C.; Houston,E.F. -- Transmission of prion diseases by blood
transfusion -- Journal of General Virology 2002 Nov, 83(Pt 11);
2897-905.
Love,S.; Helps,C.R.; Williams,S.; Shand,A.; McKinstry,J.L.; Brown,S.N.;
Harbour,D.A.; Anil,M.H. - Methods for detection of haematogenous
dissemination of brain tissue after stunning of cattle with captive bolt
guns - Journal of Neuroscience Methods 2000 Jun 30; 99(1-2): 53-8
Race, R.; Chesebro, B. -- Scrapie infectivity found in resistant
species. Nature -1998 Apr 23;392(6678):770.
Aguzzi,A.; Weissmann,C. - Spongiform encephalopathies. The prion\'s
perplexing persistence. - Nature. 1998 Apr 23;392(6678):763-4
Race,R.E.; Raines,A.; Raymond,G.J.; Caughey,B.W.; Chesebro,B. -
Long-term subclinical carrier state precedes scrapie replication and
adaptation in a resistant species: analogies to bovine spongiform
encephalopathy and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans. -
Journal of Virology 2001 Nov; 75(21): 10106-12
Race,R.E.; Meade-White,K.; Raines,A.; Raymond,G.J.; Caughey,B.W.;
Chesebro,B. - Subclinical Scrapie Infection in a Resistant Species:
Persistence, Replication, and Adaptation of Infectivity during Four
Passages. - Journal of Infectious Diseases 2002 Dec 1; 186 Suppl 2:
S166-70
Schreuder, B.E.C., Geertsma, R.E., van Keulen, L.J.M., van Asten,
J.A.A.M., Enthoven, P., Oberthür, R.C., de Koeijer, A.A., Osterhaus,
A.D.M.E., 1998. Studies on the efficacy of hyperbaric rendering
procedures in inactivating bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and
scrapie agents. Veterinary Record 142, 474-480
Stevenson, M. A., Wilesmith, J. W., Ryan, J. B. M., Morris, R.S.,
Lockhart, J. W., Lin, D. & Jackson, R. (2000) Temporal aspects of bovine
spongiform encepalopathy in Great Britain: individual animal-associated
risk factors for the disease. *Vet. Rec.* 147, 349-354.
Stevenson, M. A., Wilesmith, J. W., Ryan, J. B. M., Morris, R. S.,
Lawson, A.B., Pfeiffer, D. U. & Lin, D. (2000) Descriptive spatial
analysis of the epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in Great
Britain to June 1997. *Vet. Rec.* 147, 379-384.
Taylor, D.M., Woodgate, S.L., Atkinson, M.J., 1995. Inactivation of the
bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent by rendering procedures.
Veterinary Record, Vol.137: pp.605-610.
Taylor, D.M., Woodgate, S.L., Fleetwood, A.J., Cawthorne, R.J.G., 1997.
The effect of rendering procedures on scrapie agent. Veterinary Record,
Vol.141, pp 643-649.
Wilesmith, J.W., Ryan, J. B. M., Hueston, W. D., & Hoinville, L. J.
(1992) Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: epidemiological features 1985
to 1990. *Vet. Rec.,* 130, 90-94.
Wilesmith, J. W., Wells, G. A. H., Ryan, J. B. M., Gavier-Widen, D., &
Simmons, M. M. (1997) A cohort study to examine maternally associated
risk factors for bovine spongiform encephalopathy. *Vet. Rec.,* 141,
239-243.
Wells G.A.H., Dawson M., Hawkins, S.A.C., Green R. B., Dexter I.,
Francis M. E., Simmons M. M., Austin A. R., & Horigan M. W. (1994)
Infectivity in the ileum of cattle challenged orally with bovine
spongiform encephalopathy. *Vet. Rec*., 135, 40-41.
Wells G.A.H., Hawkins, S.A.C., Green R. B., Austin A. R., Dexter I.,
Spencer, Y. I., Chaplin, M. J., Stack, M. J., & Dawson, M. (1998)
Preliminary observations on the pathogenesis of experimental bovine
spongiform encephalopathy (BSE): an update. *Vet. Rec*., 142, 103-106.
Wyatt. J. M. et al. 1991. Naturally occurring scrapie-like spongiform
encephalopathy in five domestic cats. Veterinary Record. 129. 233.
Signatories:
### Linda Detwiler, DVM
Consultant, TSE Risk Management
**Robert G. Rohwer, Ph.D.**
Director, Molecular Neurovirology Laboratory
Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Medical Research Service 151
and
Assoc. Professor of Neurology
School of Medicine
University of Maryland at Baltimore
address:
10 N. Greene St.
Baltimore, MD 21201
ph. 410-605-7000 x6462
secretary x6466
Fax 410-605-7959
email: rrohwer@umaryland.edu
**Paul W. Brown, M.D**.
Consultant, TSE Risk Management
[^1]: Milk has not been a significant source of transmission of BSE in
cattle.
| en |
converted_docs | 679706 | **Before the**
**Federal Communications Commission**
######### Washington, D.C. 20554
In the Matter of )
)
Notice of Apparent Liability for Forfeiture of )
)
**Suburban Cellular, LLC** )
) File No. 920EF0045
Licensee of Cellular Radiotelephone Service )
)
)
**[NOTICE OF APPARENT LIABILITY FOR FORFEITURE]{.underline}**
**Adopted: June 11, 1999 Released: June 14, 1999**
By the Chief, Enforcement and Consumer Information Division,
Wireless Telecommunications Bureau:
**I. Introduction**
1. This is a Notice of Apparent Liability for Forfeiture, pursuant to
Section 503(b) of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended (the
\"Act\"),[^1] and Section 1.80 of the Commission\'s Rules,[^2] against
Suburban Cellular, LLC (\"Suburban\"), licensee of Cellular
Radiotelephone Service Station KNKR205 Market 19, Channel Block B2 in
Denver, Colorado. As discussed below, we find that Suburban failed to
timely notify the Commission of the commencement of service of Station
KNKR205, in apparent violation of Section 22.142(b) of the Commission\'s
Rules.[^3] We conclude that Suburban is apparently liable for forfeiture
in the amount of one thousand five hundred dollars (\$1,500).
**II. Background**
2. The Commission authorized Suburban to construct Station KNKR205 on
May 9, 1997, at Denver, Colorado, for Market 19, Channel Block B2. The
authorization required that Suburban complete construction and commence
service within one year of the date of the authorization, May 9, 1998.
On July 1, 1998, Suburban filed an FCC Form 489 whereby Suburban
notified the Commission that it had completed construction of Station
KNKR205 and commenced service on February 27, 1998. Suburban
acknowledged that it had not filed its FCC Form 489 on time, attributed
its dereliction to inadvertence, and requested a waiver of Section
22.142(b)[^4] of the Commission\'s rules.[^5]
**III. Discussion**
3. Section 22.142(b) of the Commission\'s Rules[^6] provided in
pertinent part: *\"Notification Requirement*. Licensees must notify the
FCC (using FCC Form 489) of commencement of service to subscribers . . .
no later than fifteen days after service begins.\"[^7] The purpose of
the Form 489 is to notify the Commission that construction has been
completed, and the frequency is in use, so that the Commission will not
assign that frequency to anyone else. FCC Form 489, therefore, has an
important function. The Bureau\'s policy of imposing monetary
forfeitures for willful and/or repeated violation of Section 22.142(b)
of the Commission\'s Rules is well established.[^8]
4. Pursuant to Section 22.142(b)[^9], Suburban was required to notify
the Commission that it had completed construction and commenced service
by filing an FCC Form 489 within 15 days of commencement of service.
Suburban, however, did not file a FCC Form 489 notifying the Commission
of its completion of construction and commencement of service of Station
KNKR205 until July 1, 1998, approximately four months after the deadline
for doing so. Suburban admits that it did not timely file a FCC Form 489
for Station KNKR205 due to an inadvertent error.[^10] Based on the
information before us, we find that Suburban failed to timely notify the
FCC of the commencement of service of Station KNKR205 in apparent
violation of Section 22.142(b) of the Commission\'s Rules.
> 5\. We also find no basis for waiving Section 22.142(b) of the
> Commission's Rules[^11] in this
instance. According to Section 1.925(b)(3) of the Commission's
Rules,[^12] the Commission may grant such a waiver if:
> \(i\) The underlying purpose of the rule(s) would not be served or
> would be frustrated by application to the instant case, and that a
> grant of the requested waiver would be in the public interest; or
>
> \(ii\) In view of unique or unusual factual circumstances of the
> instant case, application of the rule(s) would be inequitable, unduly
> burdensome or contrary to the public interest, or the applicant has no
> reasonable alternative.
Suburban has not met its burden as to either criterion. Suburban does
not demonstrate how the underlying purpose of Section 22.142(b)[^13]
would be frustrated in the absence of a waiver. It does not show how
grant of a waiver would serve the public interest. Finally it does not
identify any unique or unusual circumstances that would justify a
waiver. Clearly, mere inadvertent oversight does not provide a basis for
waiving Section 22.142(b) of the Commission's Rules.[^14]
6\. The guidelines in the Commission's *Forfeiture Policy Statement*
specify a base forfeiture amount of \$3,000 for failure to file required
forms or information.[^15] We note that there have been cases subject to
the *Forfeiture Policy Statement* in which we have used a \$2,000 base
amount for forfeitures involving a failure to file a timely FCC Form
489.[^16] Upon further reflection, however, in light of the Commission's
clear guidance and the fact that the Form 489 does serve an important
function, we believe it is more appropriate to use the \$3,000 amount as
the appropriate base amount. Section 503(b)(2)(D) of the Act[^17]
requires the Commission to consider "the nature, circumstances, extent
and gravity of the violation and, with respect to the violator, the
degree of culpability, any history of prior offenses, ability to pay,
and such other matters as justice may require." In the instant case
taking into consideration all of the factors required by Section
503(b)(2)(D) of the Act,[^18] Suburban's voluntary disclosure of its
violation to the Commission, and the duration of the violation, we
believe it is appropriate to reduce the amount of the proposed
forfeiture to \$1,500.
**IV. Ordering Clauses**
7\. ACCORDINGLY, pursuant to Section 503(b) of the Communications Act of
1934, as amended,[^19] and Section 1.80 of the Commission\'s Rules,[^20]
Suburban is hereby NOTIFIED of its APPARENT LIABILITY FOR FORFEITURE in
the amount of one thousand five hundred dollars (\$1,500) for violating
Section 22.142(b) of the Commission\'s Rules.[^21]
8\. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED, pursuant to Section 1.80 of the Commission\'s
Rules,[^22] that within thirty days of the release of this Notice,
Suburban SHALL PAY the full amount of the proposed forfeiture or SHALL
FILE a written statement seeking reduction or cancellation of the
proposed forfeiture.[^23]
9\. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that copies of this Notice shall be sent, by
Certified Mail/ Return Receipt Requested, to Suburban Cellular, LLC, 14
Benevento Circle, Peabody, MA 01960.
**FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION**
Catherine W. Seidel
Chief, Enforcement and Consumer Information Division
Wireless Telecommunications Bureau
[^1]: 47 U.S.C. § 503(b).
[^2]: 47 C.F.R. § 1.80.
[^3]: 47 C.F.R. § 22.142(b).
[^4]: 47 C.F.R. § 22.142(b)
[^5]: *See* Exhibit \"A\" attached to the FCC Forms 489 filed by
Suburban on July 1, 1998.
[^6]: 47 C.F.R. § 22.142(b).
[^7]: On February 12, 1999, Section 22.142(b) of the Commission\'s Rules
was replaced by Section 1.946(d) of the Commission\'s Rules. *See*
*In the Matter of the Biennial Regulatory Review \-- Amendment of
Parts 0,1,13,22,24,26,27,80,87,90,95,97 and 101 of the Commission\'s
Rules to Facilitate the Development and Use of the Universal
Licensing Service in the Wireless Telecommunications Services*, 13
FCC Rcd 21027 (1998). The prior rule is applicable here because
Pager One filed its FCC Forms 489 on July 1, 1998.
[^8]: *See Network Services, LLC,* 13 FCC Rcd 6688 (Wireless Tel. Bur.
1998).
[^9]: 47 C.F.R. § 22.142(b).
[^10]: *See* Exhibit "A" attached to the FCC Form 489 filed by Suburban
on July 1, 1998.
[^11]: 47 C.F.R. § 22.142(b).
[^12]: 47 C.F.R. § 1.925(b)(3).
[^13]: 47 C.F.R. § 22.142(b).
[^14]: *Id.*
[^15]: *The Commission's Forfeiture Policy Statement and Amendment of
Section 1.80 of the Commission's Rules (Forfeiture Policy
Statement),* 12 FCC Rcd 17087, 17114 (1997).
[^16]: *See*, *e.g.*, *Frank Lepera*, DA 99-661 (Wireless Tel. Bureau
released April 6, 1999) and *Raymond Bassett*, DA 99-660 (Wireless
Tel. Bureau released April 6, 1999).
[^17]: 47 U.S.C. § 503(b)(2)(D).
[^18]: *Id.*
[^19]: 47 U.S.C. § 503(b).
[^20]: 47 C.F.R. § 1.80.
[^21]: 47 C.F.R. § 22.142(b).
[^22]: 47 C.F.R. § 1.80.
[^23]: Payment of the forfeiture may be made by credit card through the
Commission\'s Billings and Collections Branch at (202) 418-1995 or
by mailing a check or similar instrument, payable to the order of
the Federal Communications Commission, to the Federal Communications
Commission, P.O. Box 73482, Chicago, Illinois 60673-7482. The
payment should note the file number of this proceeding
| en |
converted_docs | 770752 | **REVISED 3/23/05**
##### *2004-2005 No Child Left Behind - Blue Ribbon Schools Program*
*U.S. Department of Education*
**Cover Sheet** Type of School: \_[X]{.underline} Elementary \_\_ Middle
\_\_ High \_\_ K-12
Name of Principal [\_\_\_Mr. Bruce E.
LaRose\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}
(Specify: Ms., Miss, Mrs., Dr., Mr., Other) (As it should appear in the
official records)
Official School Name [\_\_Butternut Elementary
School\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}
(As it should appear in the official records)
School Mailing Address \_\_[P.O. Box 247\_\_ 312 West Wisconsin
Street\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}
(If address is P.O. Box, also include street address)
[Butternut\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_Wisconsin\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
54514-0247\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}
City State Zip Code+4 (9 digits total)
County [Ashland \_\_]{.underline}School Code
Number\*\_\_\_[0020]{.underline}\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Telephone [( 715) 769-3434 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}Fax [(
715)-769-3712\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}
Website/URL [www.butternut.k12.wi.us](http://www.butternut.k12.wi.us/)
E-mail
[\_]{.underline}<blarose@butternut.k12.wi.us>[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}
I have reviewed the information in this application, including the
eligibility requirements on page 2, and certify that to the best of my
knowledge all information is accurate.
Date\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
(Principal's Signature)
Name of Superintendent\* [Mr. Bruce E.
LaRose\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}
(Specify: Ms., Miss, Mrs., Dr., Mr., Other)
District Name [Butternut School District]{.underline} Tel. [( 715)
769-3434\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}
I have reviewed the information in this application, including the
eligibility requirements on page 2, and certify that to the best of my
knowledge it is accurate.
Date\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
(Superintendent's Signature)
Name of School Board
Chairperson [Mr. John
Radlinger\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}
(Specify: Ms., Miss, Mrs., Dr., Mr., Other)
I have reviewed the information in this package, including the
eligibility requirements on page 2, and certify that to the best of my
knowledge it is accurate.
Date\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
(School Board President's/Chairperson's Signature)
*\*Private Schools: If the information requested is not applicable,
write N/A in the space.*
**PART I ‑ ELIGIBILITY CERTIFICATION**
**\[Include this page in the school's application as page 2.\]**
The signatures on the first page of this application certify that each
of the statements below concerning the school\'s eligibility and
compliance with U.S. Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights
(OCR) requirements is true and correct.
1. The school has some configuration that includes grades K-12.
(Schools with one principal, even K-12 schools, must apply as an
entire school.)
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
1. The school has not been in school improvement status or been
identified by the state as \"persistently dangerous\" within the
last two years. To meet final eligibility, the school must meet the
state's adequate yearly progress requirement in the 2004-2005 school
year.
2. If the school includes grades 7 or higher, it has foreign language
as a part of its core curriculum.
3. The school has been in existence for five full years, that is, from
at least September 1999 and has not received the 2003 or 2004 *No
Child Left Behind -- Blue Ribbon Schools Award.*
4. The nominated school or district is not refusing the OCR access to
information necessary to investigate a civil rights complaint or to
conduct a district‑wide compliance review.
5. The OCR has not issued a violation letter of findings to the school
district concluding that the nominated school or the district as a
whole has violated one or more of the civil rights statutes. A
violation letter of findings will not be considered outstanding if
the OCR has accepted a corrective action plan from the district to
remedy the violation.
6. The U.S. Department of Justice does not have a pending suit alleging
that the nominated school, or the school district as a whole, has
violated one or more of the civil rights statutes or the
Constitution\'s equal protection clause.
7. There are no findings of violations of the Individuals with
Disabilities Education Act in a U.S. Department of Education
monitoring report that apply to the school or school district in
question; or if there are such findings, the state or district has
corrected, or agreed to correct, the findings.
**PART II ‑ DEMOGRAPHIC DATA**
**All data are the most recent year available.**
**DISTRICT** (Questions 1‑2 not applicable to private schools)
1\. Number of schools in the district: [1]{.underline} Elementary
schools
[1]{.underline} Middle schools
\_\_\_\_\_ Junior high schools
[1]{.underline} High schools
\_\_ [\_\_]{.underline}Other (K-12)
\_\_[3\_\_\_]{.underline}TOTAL
2\. District Per Pupil Expenditure: \_\_[\$12,283\_\_\_\_]{.underline}
Average State Per Pupil Expenditure: \_\_[\$7,527\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}
**SCHOOL** (To be completed by all schools)
3\. Category that best describes the area where the school is located:
> \[ \] Urban or large central city
>
> \[ \] Suburban school with characteristics typical of an urban area
>
> \[ \] Suburban
>
> \[ \] Small city or town in a rural area
>
> \[X \] Rural
4\. [\_\_4\_\_\_]{.underline} Number of years the principal has been in
her/his position at this school.
If fewer than three years, how long was the previous principal at this
school?
5\. Number of students as of October 1 enrolled at each grade level or
its equivalent in applying school only:
----------- --------- ----------- ---------- --------- -- ----------- --------- ----------- ---------
**Grade** **\# of **\# of **Grade **Grade** **\# of **\# of **Grade
Males** Females** Total** Males** Females** Total**
**PreK** 8 6 **14** **7**
**K** 4 7 **11** **8**
**1** 6 5 **11** **9**
**2** 10 6 **16** **10**
**3** 6 4 **10** **11**
**4** 5 2 **7** **12**
**5** 6 5 **11** **Other**
**6**
**TOTAL 80
STUDENTS
IN THE
APPLYING
SCHOOL →**
----------- --------- ----------- ---------- --------- -- ----------- --------- ----------- ---------
*\[Throughout the document, round numbers to avoid decimals.\]*
6\. Racial/ethnic composition of [\_97\_\_]{.underline}% White
the students in the school: % Black or African American
\% Hispanic or Latino
\% Asian/Pacific Islander
[\_\_3\_\_]{.underline} % American Indian/Alaskan Native
**100% Total**
Use only the five standard categories in reporting the racial/ethnic
composition of the school.
7\. Student turnover, or mobility rate, during the past year:
\_\_\_[17\_\_\_]{.underline}%
> (This rate should be calculated using the grid below. The answer to
> (6) is the mobility rate.)
--------- -------------------------------------------- ------------------
**(1)** Number of students who transferred ***to*** 6
the school after October 1 until the end of
the year.
**(2)** Number of students who transferred 8
***from*** the school after October 1 until
the end of the year.
**(3)** Subtotal of all transferred students \[sum 14
of rows (1) and (2)\]
**(4)** Total number of students in the school as of 80
October 1
**(5)** Subtotal in row (3) divided by total in row .17
(4)
**(6)** Amount in row (5) multiplied by 100 17
--------- -------------------------------------------- ------------------
8\. Limited English Proficient students in the school:
\_\_[0\_\_\_]{.underline}%
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_Total Number Limited English Proficient
Number of languages represented: \_\_[1\_\_\_]{.underline}
Specify languages:
9\. Students eligible for free/reduced-priced meals:
\_\_\_[74\_\_\_]{.underline}%
Total number students who qualify: \_\_\_[57\_\_\_]{.underline}
> If this method does not produce an accurate estimate of the percentage
> of students from low‑income families or the school does not
> participate in the federally‑supported lunch program, specify a more
> accurate estimate, tell why the school chose it, and explain how it
> arrived at this estimate.
10\. Students receiving special education services:
\_\_[22\_]{.underline} %
\_\_[17]{.underline} Total Number of Students Served
> Indicate below the number of students with disabilities according to
> conditions designated in the Individuals with Disabilities Education
> Act.
\_\_\_\_Autism \_\_[1\_\_]{.underline}Orthopedic Impairment
\_\_\_\_Deafness \_\_\_\_Other Health Impaired
\_\_\_\_Deaf-Blindness \_\_[3\_]{.underline}Specific Learning Disability
\_\_\_\_Emotional Disturbance \_[12\_]{.underline}Speech or Language
Impairment
\_\_\_\_Hearing Impairment \_\_\_\_Traumatic Brain Injury
> \_[1\_\_]{.underline}Mental Retardation \_\_\_\_Visual Impairment
> Including Blindness
\_\_\_\_Multiple Disabilities
11. Indicate number of full‑time and part‑time staff members in each of
the categories below:
**Number of Staff**
**[Full-time]{.underline}** **[Part-Time]{.underline}**
Administrator(s) \_\_\_ [\_\_]{.underline} \_\_\_ [1\_\_]{.underline}
Classroom teachers \_\_\_[5\_\_\_]{.underline}
\_\_\_\_[2\_\_]{.underline}
Special resource teachers/specialists \_\_\_[1\_\_\_]{.underline}
\_\_\_\_[6\_\_]{.underline}
Paraprofessionals \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_[3\_\_]{.underline}
> Support staff \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_[3\_\_]{.underline}
>
> Total number \_\_\_[6\_\_\_]{.underline} \_\_\_[15 \_]{.underline}
12\. Average school student-"classroom teacher" ratio: \_[12 -
1]{.underline}
13\. Show the attendance patterns of teachers and students as a
percentage. The student dropout rate is defined by the state. The
student drop-off rate is the difference between the number of entering
students and the number of exiting students from the same cohort. (From
the same cohort, subtract the number of exiting students from the number
of entering students; divide that number by the number of entering
students; multiply by 100 to get the percentage drop-off rate.) Briefly
explain in 100 words or fewer any major discrepancy between the dropout
rate and the drop-off rate. (Only middle and high schools need to supply
dropout rates and only high schools need to supply drop-off rates.)
------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
2003-2004 2002-2003 2001-2002 2000-2001 1999-2000
Daily student attendance 96 % 94 % 96 % 96 % 96 %
Daily teacher attendance 97 % 96 % 97 % 95 % 96 %
Teacher turnover rate 0 % 16 % 16 % 0 % 0 %
Student dropout rate \% \% \% \% \%
(middle/high)
Student drop-off rate \% \% \% \% \%
(high school)
------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
**[PART III --
SUMMARY\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**
In 1878, Butternut's first school consisted of a log cabin previously
used as an ice house. In 1895 a two story grade school was built. This
school served its purpose until a three story building was built in
1914. It wasn't long before a thriving Butternut outgrew its existing
grade school. New state regulations and a demand for a quality education
brought about continued changes to include: a gymnasium, four year old
Kindergarten, expanded IMC/media opportunities, as well as a state of
the art school-wide computer network and internet system. Recently, with
a continued commitment to quality education, a distance education lab
was added to afford expanded curriculum opportunities for students via
the internet, satellite and fiber optics.
The Butternut Elementary School educates students from four adjacent
political jurisdictions spread over 170 square miles in rural northern
Wisconsin \-- Butternut Village and the townships of Agenda, Chippewa,
and Lake. The total population of this area is 2,672. With an enrollment
of 80 students and a 12-1 student /teacher ratio, our school is a safe,
friendly place where you recognize everyone's passing face. In support
of our theme "Striving for Excellence", our quest for excellence has
focused on continued curriculum development and alignment with Wisconsin
State Standards, implementation of Applied Control Theory to strengthen
effective classroom management, and the study of Multiple Intelligence
to ensure a greater understanding of student learning styles.
The Butternut Elementary School is an award winning school. In 2003 and
2004 the school was recognized by the State of Wisconsin Department of
Public Instruction for academic excellence. In a recent visit by the
Wisconsin State Superintendent, she stated: "Your school has so much of
what other schools are striving for." Our academic success is due to a
common commitment to the school philosophy, "The primary objective is to
help each student develop into a mature individual, capable of becoming
a contributing member of society." Because of our T.E.A.M. (Together
Everyone Accomplishes More) approach, we emphasize our unconditional
commitment to each and every student. Our TEAM recognizes and further
supports the school philosophy "that all students are unique
individuals." Therefore, we work unceasingly to support and develop each
student to his/her fullest potential.
The dedicated staff strives relentlessly to maintain a progressive,
stimulating, and challenging school. We believe that it takes everyone
to successfully provide our students with the best education possible.
In addition to student achievement, we strongly subscribe to building
and maintaining a strong partnership between everyone -- home, school
and community. The staff is passionate and thrives on student success.
In specific, yearly developed goals focus on strategies for continued
school improvement. In support of this effort, priorities reflect the
proven characteristics of effective schools: (1) positive school
climate, (2) home -- school -- community collaboration, (3)
safe/drug-free school, and (4) student achievement.
The Butternut Elementary School has a proud heritage and an even more
promising future. In support, the Butternut Community Partnership
Foundation contributes additional financial resources to support
academic achievement. The community and school is committed to a vision
of optimism supported by a "can do" attitude and "what ever it takes"
commitment to make our school the best that it can be.
**[PART IV -- INDICATORS OF ACADEMIC
SUCCESS\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**
**1. RESULTS:** The tables and graphs provided illustrate the academic
achievement of Butternut 4^th^ grade students over the past 5 years in
Reading and Math, compared to the performance of students statewide over
the same time period. The scores provided for Reading and Math is the
percent of students who scored at the Proficient or Advanced levels on
the Wisconsin Knowledge and Concepts Exam (WKCE). Cut points to
determine proficiency levels were determined by the state. The primary
websites that can be accessed for information and data about the
Wisconsin State Assessment System (WSAS) are:
[www.dpi.state.wi.us/data/selschool.asp](http://www.dpi.state.wi.us/data/selschool.asp)
and
[www.dpi.state.wi.us/dpi/oea/sprkce.html](http://www.dpi.state.wi.us/dpi/oea/spr_kce.html).
Alternate assessments are not calculated into this data analysis because
Butternut Elementary only used one alternative assessment for a special
education student over the past 5 years. Also, this analysis does not
provide disaggregated data for special education because not enough
Butternut 4^th^ graders were in special education to allow public
disclosure of their scores. A minimum of 6 students must be in a
disaggregated group. The number of special education students in
Butternut at 4^th^ grade over the past 5 years was 4 students in 2001-02
and 2002-03.
AYP (Adequate Yearly Progress) cut points, required of the federal
government under NCLB legislation, are also based on the percent of
students who score proficient or advanced in Reading and Math and are
used to determine if a school is in need of improvement. The starting
point for application of those AYP cut points was 2001-02. From 2001-02
through 2003-04, the AYP cut point in Reading was 61% and 37% in Math.
Examining the percent of students who score proficient or advanced in
Butternut Elementary School and across the state of Wisconsin, it is
clear that both are well above the AYP cut points in Reading and Math.
By looking at the line graphs in Reading and Math, students consistently
scored higher than the state average in Reading and scored about equal
to state average in Math. In both Reading and Math, scores rose much
higher than the state from 2002-03 to 2003-04. In 2003-04, students
scored 27 percentage points higher than the state in Math and 19
percentage points higher in Reading. All 4^th^ grade students were
either proficient or advanced in Reading and Math in 2003-04.
The achievement gap between students who are considered "economically
disadvantaged" and "not economically disadvantaged" is compared between
Butternut Elementary 4^th^ graders in Reading and Math and those same
students statewide. "Economically disadvantaged" is defined as those
students who qualify for free or reduced lunch prices, which in turn is
determined by their parent's personal income. Only in 3 of the past 5
years did Butternut have enough 4^th^ graders who received free or
reduced lunch to permit public disclosure of their test scores. Seven
4^th^ grade students received free and reduced lunch in 1999-00, 2001-02
and 2002-03.
When examining the Reading achievement gap of economically disadvantaged
students, the data shows that Butternut Elementary has much less of a
gap than the state of Wisconsin. Statewide, the gap is consistently 20
to 24 percentage points higher for non economically disadvantage
students. The gap was widest in 1999-00 at only 7 percentage points,
then narrowed to 6 points in 2001-02, and in 2002-03 the gap didn't exit
at all. In fact, 100% of the disadvantaged students scored proficient or
advanced that year.
In Math, the achievement gap of economically disadvantaged 4^th^ graders
is consistently wider statewide than at Butternut. The gap statewide is
between 24-28 percentage points over the past 5 years, but is
inconsistent at Butternut Elementary. In 1999-00, Butternut Elementary
disadvantaged 4^th^ graders scored 23 percentage points higher than
non-economically disadvantaged 4^th^ graders, but in 2002-03, 4^th^
grade disadvantaged students scored 29 percentage points lower than non
economically disadvantaged.
The data showing the Standards Performance Index for the past 2 years
illustrate the "subtests" within Reading and Math. The data is expressed
as the percent of test items correct for each standard. In 2002-03,
Butternut and state 4^th^ graders scored nearly the same across all
Reading and Math standards, with Geometry having the highest scores and
Math Processes and Algebra the lowest. In 2003-04, Butternut scores are
higher than the state average across all Reading and Math standards. In
Algebra, Butternut scores went up 8 points, while the state average went
down 1 point. In Geometry, both state and Butternut scores went down
from the previous year, but Butternut scores are 6 points higher than
the state. In 2003-04, Butternut scores are 15 points higher than the
state in Language and 10 points higher than the state in Number
Operations. The assessment results provided illustrate this change from
2001-02 to 2002-03 for Butternut compared to the state.
**2**. **USE OF DATA:** The Butternut Elementary School uses assessment
data from the Wisconsin Knowledge and Concept Exam (WKCE) in a very
effective way to enhance school improvement. Beginning in the fall of
2002, the school began a five year plan to involve teachers who teach
the core subjects of Reading/Language Arts, Math, Science and Social
Studies in writing curriculum benchmarks aligned to the Wisconsin
Academic Performance Standards. WKCE assessment data was used to begin
this process by having these teachers participate in a data retreat that
focused on aligning test results to state standards. Teachers reviewed
test results for their content area, looking for weak areas that needed
improvement. Then the teachers reviewed specific objectives or standards
within each content area to determine what parts or aspects of their
discipline needed to be improved. Teachers next prioritized the
objectives or standards and rewrote them as curriculum benchmarks.
Consequently, the curriculum benchmarks reflect priority areas that need
to be addressed, and are sometimes referred to as "power standards".
These curriculum benchmarks are, therefore, "data driven" and form the
backbone of the core curriculum. Other objectives and standards in the
content areas are not forgotten or neglected, but the prioritized
benchmarks provide a focus for teachers clearly indicating what is
important to improve student achievement in order to improve the school
as a whole.
**3. COMMUNICATE STUDENT PERFORMANCE:** Positive reinforcement and
feedback exhibit the core of the effort and commitment to have a safe
and healthy climate. Acknowledging student performance is inherent
within the school's commitment to Applied Control Theory and the POPS
(Power of Positive Students) program.
The dedicated and caring staff recognizes the importance of positive
reinforcement and acknowledges student performance and achievement. On a
daily basis, student performance is communicated to parents weekly via
progress reports and student folders. These folders, reflecting all
subjects, are used to communicate grade summaries, weekly units of
study, and the status of assigned projects and concerns. In addition to
allowing the parent to respond in writing within the folder, the folder
requires a parent signature in return. Also, because the after school
program has a high attendance rate, teachers share information daily
with parents when they pick up their student.
Each month the school distributes to all parents and community members a
comprehensive news letter to identify and share highlights and features
of the school. With this publication, a monthly notice of selected
students of the month is featured. Publishing student recognition is
further highlighted by hosting a special presentation at the monthly
school board meeting. This recognition and ceremony is complemented with
a framed certificate and selected rewards to emphasize the spirit and
importance of high achievement. To ensure maximum awareness, student
recognition is further highlighted and published in the local newspaper.
Wisconsin Student Assessment System (WSAS) test data is distributed to
both students and parents. This data is mailed home for student and
parent notice and review. This data is also used to augment recorded
performance information at the individually scheduled parent/teacher
conferences during the year.
**4. SHARE SUCCESSES WITH OTHER SCHOOLS:** The school frequently
welcomes the opportunity to exhibit and disseminate successful programs
at state and local events. Sharing and collaboration is a common thread
woven through the 18 schools in CESA 12. Because our school is
frequently part of a consortium of small schools for various projects,
training and staff development, regular scheduled meetings are opportune
times to share and disseminate pertinent school information and data.
One collaborative effort is to host an annual "data retreat" to review
and understand Wisconsin State Assessment data. Our school recently
partnered with another school to initiate a new reading program. The
project involved joint planning along with staff mentoring to ensure
successful implementation.
In addition to a descriptive school brochure, a comprehensive web site
is available for easy access to specific school information. Interested
persons or agencies are frequently encouraged to visit our web site to
view information and programs. With the addition of the new distance
education program, the fiber optic system has allowed for shared staff
development between schools and staff participation in regional
meetings.
**[PART V -- CURRICULUM AND
INSTRUCTION\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**
**1. CURRICULUM:** Teachers have created curriculum benchmarks and
prioritized them according to curriculum needs as revealed in their test
results. These benchmarks for each core content area and each grade
level were formatted into a user friendly way so all staff could readily
understand the priority areas by content area and grade level. These
curriculum benchmarks were then uploaded into the school's networked
computers. This allows any staff member to access the curriculum
benchmarks at any time. Further, it allows teams of content area
teachers to work together to develop, update, and edit the benchmarks at
any time. Such flexibility and teacher ownership allows curriculum and
instruction to be dynamic, focused on critical needs, and sensitive to
students and teachers.
All students are engaged in learning the general curriculum through
direct instruction emphasizing the student's unique learning styles. Use
of technology, hands-on activities, cooperative learning, and
investigative approaches, lead students through the clearly defined
scope and sequence. Teachers utilize lesson strategies by reviewing
content from previous lessons and introducing up coming concepts. Higher
order thinking and real world applications are integrated throughout the
curriculum. Reteaching and enrichment options are provided based on the
students' needs. Needs are determined by quizzes, tests and lesson
reviews. The core of the K-5 **Language Arts** curriculum encompasses:
spelling, English, written and oral communication. Students develop
mechanics, word usage, sentence structure, grammatical rules, and
creative writing. Students begin with writing simple structured
sentences, which evolve into well developed descriptive and functional
paragraphs. At the core of the **Mathematics** curriculum, students are
introduced to problem-solving and critical thinking strategies and the
language of math as they master skills. From this foundation, teachers
increase classroom participation and student success with cooperative
learning techniques and extensive use of manipulatives. Hands-on
activities motivate students and help transform Mathematics into real
and interesting practice. Once students have an understanding of the
manipulative (concrete) and how it's modeling the math concepts,
students move to mental math (abstract), a necessary step for
formulation of higher-level thinking. Students apply strategies for
learning facts and processes with meaning and mastery. The **Science**
curriculum begins with basic, life science, physical science, earth
science, and the human body. It builds on more complex and in-depth
curriculum as student's progress through the grades. Students are
encouraged to question, investigate and experiment with hands-on
activities and uses of technology. Solutions become meaningful and
relevant as activities connect to the students' lives. The K-3 **Social
Studies** curriculum consists of citizenship, character education,
community awareness, safety and current events. The 4-5 curriculum
focuses on Wisconsin and the United States, including geography,
citizenship, government, economics, and history. Students analyze,
identify, describe, examine and interpret a variety of historical and
current events.
Art, music, physical education, media skills and computer education are
offered to students throughout the week. These classes are infused with
core subject areas to help students make connections in their daily
lives. **Art** in grades K-5 is a hands-on project based program.
Through a variety of sessions, students are given the opportunity to
experience art in their environment and to realize how it influences
their lives. Personal expression and creativity is stressed as students
work with a variety of art media. **Music** provides the opportunity for
students to learn to match pitch, play simple classroom instruments and
accompany a melody of rhythm in tempo, and demonstrate simple movements
in rhythm. Students sing ostinato, partner songs and rounds. They learn
basic musical notation of whole note, half note, quarter note, and
eighth note, along with note names of both the treble and bass clef.
Students identify standard symbols for dynamics, tempo and
articulations. **Physical Education** is designed to develop a student's
optimal level of physical fitness and wellness, emotional maturity,
positive social interactions, and a lifetime interest in leisure
activities. The curriculum is structured to provide experiences and an
outlet for "every" student. To this effort, the curriculum emphasizes
all three learning domains: the psychomotor, cognitive, and affective,
to ensure the total development of the student. Our **Media Skills**
program incorporates both general library and related computer lessons.
Our students also learn to use graphic organizers, such as Kidspiration,
and Inspiration, which they can utilize in other content areas, as well.
Students are also exposed to a wide variety of genres and authors in
order to promote a lifelong love of reading and learning.
**2. READING PROGRAM:** We believe that all teachers must be teachers of
Reading. We work to provide scaffolding around each child to give needed
support to develop confident readers. Beginning in 4 Year-old
Kindergarten, children are exposed to letters and sounds. They are
guided with rich language experiences and develop reading-readiness
skills. Primary grades give specific attention to skills and strategies
that assist in comprehension and fluency. Students are exposed to text
in a variety of genres and express their understanding through many
creative outlets. Teachers model expressive language through shared
reading to raise interest and invite children to read. Teachers are
attentive to individual learning styles and reading levels. Our recent
focus on the implementation of a comprehensive Guided Reading Program,
emphasizes matching students with real, interesting books at their
instructional level. Repeated reading of texts also improves fluency and
confidence. With this support, students become empowered and discover
that they are in charge of their learning, and strive to achieve.
Students experience challenges with books that match their zone of
proximal development, and will experience continues success.
Intermediate grades build on this foundation by furthering students'
interest in reading. They incorporate novel, play-acting,
creative/descriptive writing, and time to read silently. We portray
reading as a vital, life-long skill as well as an exciting, enjoyable
activity. We know our approach to reading is working because our
students love to read. They are making appropriate reading selections,
read orally in class, as well as for enjoyment. They enjoy sharing and
discussing various genres of literature, as well as recommending books
to classmates. Our classroom tests and state tests show our students are
confident and successful readers.
**3. OTHER CURRICULUM:** Students in the Butternut Elementary School
have the relevant opportunity to utilize technology in their own
classrooms. Technology is infused into the curriculum with the use of
the school's mobile computer lab. This creates a quality and flexible
way to incorporate the use of technology into the core curricula.
Students are able to do research and webquests at their own desks, as
well as to create quality projects and presentations on the laptops in
our mobile lab. Students learn essential compute skills such as proper
keyboarding, how to utilize computer search engines, and how to create
effective slide presentations. In addition, students are taught word
processing, creating databases, using drawing programs and working with
graphic organizers (both Kidspiration and Inspiration). They learn about
internet safety and evaluating websites, as well. We have an active
Generation Yes program, which enables classroom teachers to collaborate
with the Gen Y students. Together they create technology projects that
are used in the elementary classrooms to improve and expand new
applications of technology, which strengthen the curriculum and enhance
student empowerment. In addition, our students have access to
interactive TV technology, as well as video streaming. These resources
have enabled our students to go on virtual field trips and to take an
introductory course in Spanish.
**4. INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS:** Teachers believe that building
relationships with students is the key to their success. By knowing and
understanding the whole child, we can closely monitor their progress.
Students that are happy and involved in class will learn and retain more
information. Instruction is delivered by a very qualified staff that is
dedicated to making learning fun and exciting. Staff consistently exude
excitement and enthusiasm for learning and their students. Classroom
teachers, title one staff, speech/language, as well as special education
teacher's work together to help students become successful. In addition
to a balance of large group, small group, and individualized
instruction, teachers plan lessons to support individual learning
styles.
As mentioned earlier, the curriculum has been aligned with the
Wisconsin's State Academic Standards. Testing follow up includes an item
analysis to validate mastery. Accordingly, curriculum and instruction is
adjusted to remedy deficiencies. In addition to students being
introduced to problem-solving and critical thinking strategies,
assistive technology is provided. The curriculum requires a cross
curriculum emphasis and integration of computer technology to ensure
reinforcement and application. From this foundation, teachers increase
classroom participation and student success with cooperative learning
techniques and hands-on activities to help motivate students and help
transform learning into real and interesting experiences.
If a student requires improvement, teachers intervene immediately.
Teachers strive to communicate with families. School and community
support and guidance has helped students become academic achievers. In
addition to calling home at the first sign of a concern, the Student
Assistance Team (SAT) meets with parents to consider an appropriate
plan. Options may include individualized title one lessons, Early
Reading Empowerment (ERE) lessons, or after-school support. Continued
support and positive reinforcement is afforded through the utilization
of the "advisor advisee" program.
**5. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT:** Academic achievement and excellence
requires well-trained, knowledgeable teachers that have acquired
knowledge, and strategies to support and administer their prescribed
curriculum. Because the school places a high priority on staff and staff
improvement, release time and financial support is awarded for their
continued professional growth. As a result, teachers continually
complete graduate courses for recertification and professional
enrichment.
Staff annually participate in advanced training by attending local and
state staff development opportunities in their specific content areas in
order to supplement and enrich teaching strategies. Several local
initiatives, including "Facilitating the Future", and the "Gichee Gumee"
academy, annually afford a professional and stimulating gathering filled
with leading-edge approaches to education. They also incorporate time to
design individual practices and opportunities to interact and share
experiences with others.
Staff has participated in trainings that establish a safe and
comfortable learning environment. In support of effective classroom
management, local initiatives and priorities have supported teacher
training in Applied Control Theory, and Restitution and Reality Therapy.
In addition, specific training in Guided Reading, Literature Circles,
Big Books, Early Reading Empowerment (ERE), as well as a balanced
practice of whole-language ideas, and phonemic awareness has enriched
instructional strategies to ensure greater mastery. All of these tools
are intricately woven together with individual learning styles to
stimulate student interest as well as support and encourage performance.
**[PART VII - ASSESSMENT
RESULTS\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**
**State of Wisconsin 2005 Blue Ribbon School Nominee Proficiency
Information**
School Name and District: Butternut Elementary, Butternut
Test Grade Level, Subjects, and Years of Data: Grade 4 Reading and
Mathematics, 2001-02 through 2003-04
School Percent Free and Reduced Price Lunches, 2003-04: 65%
Test Name and Publisher: Wisconsin Knowledge and Concepts Examinations
(WKCE), CTB/McGraw-Hill
------------------------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
**Reading** **Math**
**2003-04** **2002-03** **2001-02** **2003-04** **2002-03** **2001-02**
Month of Test Administration February November November February November November
**School Information and
Scores:**
\# FAY\* in school students 9 14 19 9 14 19
tested (WKCE [or]{.underline}
alternate )
\% of all FAY students tested 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
\% tested on WKCE scoring at or 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
above Minimal
\% tested on WKCE scoring at or 100% 93% 94% 100% 93% 100%
above Basic
\% tested on WKCE scoring at or 100% 93% 94% 100% 71% 72%
above Proficient
\% tested on WKCE scoring at or 78% 29% 11% 44% 29% 11%
above Advanced
Number of students alternately 0 0 1 0 0 1
assessed\*\*
\% of all students alternately 0% 0% 5% 0% 0% 5%
assessed
**School Scores by Student
Subgroup:\*\*\***
*American Indian/Alaskan
Native*
\# FAY\* in school students 2 0 0 2 0 0
tested (WKCE [or]{.underline}
alternate )
*White, non-Hispanic*
\# FAY\* in school students 7 14 19 7 14 19
tested (WKCE [or]{.underline}
alternate )
\% of all FAY students tested 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
\% tested on WKCE scoring at or 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
above Minimal
\% tested on WKCE scoring at or 100% 93% 94% 100% 93% 100%
above Basic
\% tested on WKCE scoring at or 100% 93% 94% 100% 71% 72%
above Proficient
\% tested on WKCE scoring at or 71% 29% 11% 29% 29% 11%
above Advanced
Number of students alternately 0 0 1 0 0 1
assessed\*\*
\% of all students alternately 0% 0% 5% 0% 0% 5%
assessed
*Limited English Proficient*
\# FAY\* in school students 0 0 1 0 0 1
tested (WKCE [or]{.underline}
alternate )
*Economically Disadvantaged*
\# FAY\* in school students 5 7 7 5 7 7
tested (WKCE [or]{.underline}
alternate )
\% of all FAY students tested 100% 100% 100% 100%
\% tested on WKCE scoring at or 100% 100% 100% 100%
above Minimal
\% tested on WKCE scoring at or 100% 86% 86% 100%
above Basic
\% tested on WKCE scoring at or 100% 86% 57% 57%
above Proficient
\% tested on WKCE scoring at or 0% 0% 0% 0%
above Advanced
Number of students alternately 0 0 0 0
assessed\*\*
\% of all students alternately 0% 0% 0% 0%
assessed
*Students with Disabilities*
\# FAY\* in school students 2 4 4 2 4 4
tested (WKCE [or]{.underline}
alternate )
**State Scores**
\# FAY\* in district students 56,022 57,026 58,196 56,022 57,026 58,196
tested (WKCE [or]{.underline}
alternate)
\% of all FAY in district 100% 99% 99% 100% 100% 99%
students tested
\% tested on WKCE scoring at or 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
above Minimal
\% tested on WKCE scoring at or 93% 93% 95% 84% 81% 95%
above Basic
\% tested on WKCE scoring at or 82% 81% 83% 74% 71% 72%
above Proficient
\% tested on WKCE scoring at or 44% 41% 19% 30% 30% 27%
above Advanced
\% of all students alternately 3% 2% 4% 2% 1% 3%
assessed\*\*
------------------------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
\*FAY = Full Academic Year
\*\*Alternate assessments approved under the Wisconsin accountability
system are administered to qualified students with disabilities and
Limited English Proficient (LEP) students.
\*\*\*Per Wisconsin policy, test results for individual student
subgroups with fewer than six students are not released for public
consumption in order to protect student privacy. In addition, some test
results for other student subgroups are suppressed because their
performance of students can be inferred indirectly. Suppressed data are
noted within the table with an asterisk (\*).
| en |
all-txt-docs | 172238 | ak0486
1. View of three detection radar (DR) antennas. DR 1 (structure no. 735) on left, DR 2 (structure no. 736) in center, and DR 3 (structure no. 737) looking north 30 degrees west, with tracking radar (large radome) and satcom (satellite communication) system in small radome in view between DR 2 and DR 3 antennae.
2. View of southerly DR 1 antenna looking north 25 degrees west and and showing radar scanner building no. 105 east face through antenna.
3. View of middle DR 2 antenna looking north 30 degrees west and showing radar scanner building no. 105 east face through antenna.
4. View of northerly DR 3 antenna looking north 35 degrees west and showing radar scanner building no. 106 east face through antenna and partial view of satcom communication dome (attached to radar transmitter building 102) in left side of photograph.
5. View of middle DR 2 antenna with DR 1 antenna in background. Photograph shows on left side at bottom foundation berm and along right side bottom stanchion concrete foundations at bottom structural steel assembly.
6. View of DR 3 antenna typical back-stay concrete stanchion showing embedded anchors and structural steel leg with pin attachment.
7. View of DR 3 antenna typical front stay concrete showing embedment anchors, foundation steel base plate, vertical member with small diameter turnbuckles, antenna assembly in background, and story board for scale.
8. View of DR 3 antenna showing lower front connector, third from left vertical member at first level above foundation level, showing small diameter turnbuckle stays, vertical member with flange connection, and various struts and connectors with antenna assembly in background.
9. View of back side of radar scanner building no. 106 showing passageway links to other buildings east and west, and DR 3 antenna in background.
10. View of back side of radar scanner building no. 104 showing passageway links to other building to east and DR 1 antenna in background.
11. View of south side of radar scanner building no. 104 showing personnel exit door at side building, showing DR 1 antenna from oblique angle on foundation berm with DR 2 and DR 3 antennae in background.
12. View from east side of corner of transmitter building no. 102 looking over top of utilidor passageway link, DR 2 antenna in background left and abandoned radome on top of transmitter building no. 101.
13. View of southerly side of transmitter building no. 101 from south, showing tracking radar (tr) on top of transmitter building no. 102 in background left and abandoned radome on top of transmitter building no. 101 in middle of photograph with utilidor passageway link to right of photograph.
14. View of southerly side of transmitter building no. 101 from west looking easterly showing radar scanner building no. 104 to right with passageway link between, abandoned radome on top of transmitter building no. 101 and DR 1 antenna in background.
15. View of southeasterly side of transmitter building no. 102 with TR in middle and small satcom communication dome lower right. Note site well system building to lower right of transmitter building no. 102 southeast corner.
16. View of east side of transmitter building no. 102 looking south with TR radome in upper right of photograph and DR 2 antenna in left of photograph.
17. View looking north to transmitter building no. 102 from south along west side of passageway link with TR radome in background.
18. View from DR 2 antenna looking south 45 degrees west to backside transmitter building 101 and in left foreground showing site well system building.
19. View of satcom communication dome with TR radome in background right.
20. View from northeast to southwest side of scanner building 104 showing two waveguide termination faces (fiberglass light bands on left of photograph).
21. View from south to southerly face of scanner building 104 showing building radius. Radius of building face matches radius of DR antenna systems.
22. View of vehicle entrance to passageway link system taken from looking west. Note DR 3 antenna in background left.
23. View of junction of passageway link with radar transmitter building 102 (view looking south) showing main personnel entrance door.
24. View of lobby area on first floor transmitter building no. 102 looking into controlled access corridor and door system
25. Similar view of lobby area on first floor transmitter building no. 102 looking at door in photograph AK-30-A-24 in closed position showing locking system and restricted access notification.
26. View of second floor of transmitter building no. 102 looking across electronic equipment cabinets in area of missile impact predictor (MIP) area. Note U.S. Air Force emblem in mid-center of photograph. This area is in front of the Missile Warning Operations Center (MWOC) office.
27. View of entry door to vestibule to MWOC entry door in transmitter building no. 102 (note coded key pad to left and intercom phone on left) and door to the central systems monitor room (CSMR) to right (out of sight).
28. View of data test area for DR data take off set operators panel and cabinet at second floor of transmitter building no. 102 in MIP area.
29. View of typical radio frequency monitor group electronic tube-type cabinet. System is water-cooled with antenna assist.
30. View of mezzanine floor level in transmitter building no. 102 showing control transmitter electronic cabinets and control modules.
31. View of mezzanine floor level in transmitter building no. 102 showing various electronic central indicator panel to control building air conditioning, steam pressure, supply temperature, discharge temperature, supply pressure, transformer vault status, and radome conditioning system.
32. View of relay assembly group and interconnecting group electronic modules located on second floor of transmitter building no. 102 in MIP area.
33. View of data converter and power supply for TR system in transmitter building no. 102, mezzanine level.
34. View of typical work station in transmitter building no. 102, second floor, with continental electronics "keying pulse line amplifier trigger pulse AM-3445/FPT9" cabinet at desk.
35. View of data and analysis console (DAC), located in MWOC facility in transmitter building no. 102, showing clock and missile impact predictor time.
36. View of preset counter (PC) console and tracking console on right, located in MWOC facility in transmitter building no. 102.
37. View of detection radar environmental display (DRED) console for middle DR 2 (structure no. 736) antenna, located in MWOC facility.
38. View of DRS 1, 2, and 3 (structure nos. 735, 736, and 737) console fault locator for beam power status, radio frequency (RF) and intermediate frequency (IF) fault conditions, RF switches status and TR status.
39. View of checkout indicator computer console for DR beams, TR chains, and special checkout target control located in CSMR in transmitter building no. 102.
40. View of dual projector system located in MWOC facility in transmitter building no. 102 by Bessler Company. System used to project images in MWOC on backlit screen system with fiber optic electro/mechanical system linked to computer output to indicate information on screen linked with display from projector system.
41. View of electro/mechanical fiber optic system panel in transmitter building no. 102. Images projected to screen (panel at upper left) are projected to back side of screen located in MWOC to display changing information.
42. View of CSMR room equipment status board and operators console with two phone links to MWOC in transmitter building no. 102.
43. View of CSMR room equipment locator and system checkout console for detection radars and rearward communication data links in transmitter building no. 102.
44. Building 102, view from mezzanine looking down to first floor showing Klystron tube equipment vaults with dual waveguides leaving top of vaults through bifurcation combiner system at start of waveguides; note tops of capacitor vaults along photograph to left.
45. Building 102, view of waveguide "coaxial waste load" device connected to waveguide combiner.
46. Building 102, view showing waveguide control switch used to achieve equal length adjustments and frequency control between separate Klystron tube radion frequency (RF) generators.
47. View of "dry air inlets" to waveguides entering scanner building 105. Dried air is generated under pressure by Ingersoll-Rand dehumidified/dessicator and compressor system. View is at entrance from passageway that links into corner of scanner building.
48. View of typical 90 degree elbow located at horizontal corner with output (to scanner radar system control switch) waveguide on top and return wave on bottom of photograph.
49. View of waveguide system entering building no. 105 (typical of all radar scanner buildings), showing testing connection points and monitoring equipment.
50. View of waveguides beginning to move toward two radar scanner switches (two per radar scanner building) by vertical bends; also tuning devices are located here.
51. View of upper radar scanner switch in radar scanner building 105 from upper catwalk level showing emanating waveguides from upper switch (upper one-fourth of photograph) and emanating waveguides from lower radar scanner switch in vertical runs.
52. View from ground level showing lower radar scanner switch with open port door in radar scanner building 105 showing emanating waveguides from lower switch in vertical run; photograph also shows catwalk to upper scanner switch in upper left side of photograph and structural supports.
53. View from ground level in building no. 105 showing lower radar scanner switch with incoming waveguide and control switch.
54. View from ground level in building no. 105 showing lower radar scanner switch at open port door. Note incoming waveguide and control switch at lower left of photograph and note several waveguides leaving top of scanner switch around the circumference of switch.
55. View from ground level in building no. 105 showing lower radar scanner switch with eighty-eight 1-1/2" diameter copper ion return RF balance tube systems.
56. Building 105, close view of ion return RF balance tube adjustment controls.
57. Building 105, another view of ion return RF balance tube system, and beginning of waveguide return connections to right of photograph; note bottoms of waveguide systems around circumference of scanner switch in upper part of photograph.
58. View of high pressure Ingersoll-Rand dehumidifier/dessicator and compressor system to supply dry pressurized air to waveguides.
59. View of high voltage (4160 volts alternating current) electric load center and motor control center at mezzanine level in transmitter building no. 102.
60. View of radome hydraulic module control center in mezzanine level in transmitter building no. 102.
61. View of TR spiral access stair system from transmitter building no. 102 mezzanine level; note elevator door on right.
62. View of amplifier-modulator control system with power distribution panel on left, control power supply in middle, and amplifier modulator on right, second floor in transmitter building no. 102.
63. View of Klystron tube cut-away exhibit located at mezzanine level transmitter building no. 102, directly above RF power generation systems located on first floor.
64. Building 102, view of Klystron tube amplifier housing with tube removed and showing waveguide entrances at top of photograph.
65. Building 102, view of Klystron tube in amplifier housing showing top of tube connecting conductors.
66. Building 102, view of Klystron tubes located in test systems located at first floor level with top of tubes protruding through second floor and ready to be lit and installed through top of Klystron tube vaults to ready position.
67. Building 102, view of electronic switching amplifier (in retracted or open position) with video monitor mounted at top to monitor performance and condition of system in oil bath.
68. Building 102, view of same system as in photograph no. AK-30-A-67 except switching amplifier in closed position; note video cameras in foreground of photograph at bottom.
69. Transmitter building no. 102, view of typical transmitting set for modulating amplified control panel (on right) and coolant water control/monitoring panel (on left).
70. Transmitter building no. 102, view of typical amplifier modulation system vaults showing Klystron tube in installed position (1 of 2 in each module).
71. Transmitter building no. 102, view of arrangement showing the Klystron tube vaults along right side of photograph and capacitor vaults along left side of photograph.
72. View of test system showing Klystron tube installed in test position on first floor of transmitter building no. 102.
73. View of line of stainless steel coolant storage tanks for bi-sodium sulfate/water coolant solution at first floor of transmitter building no. 102.
74. Transmitter building no. 102, view of radar digital test and maintenance cabinet area control panel and date storage system showing ampex tape storage devices.
75. Transmitter building no. 102, view of typical radio frequency switching group for lower antenna A & B and upper antenna A & B and MIP/MWOC automated interface cabinet.
76. View of copper screen shielded and grounded test area in transmitter building no. 102, room 115.
77. View of interior of room 115, building no. 102, with technical publications and equipment for testing.
78. View of radar systems technical publication library, transmitter building no. 102, second floor.
79. View of interior of room 114, supervisor's office, transmitter building no. 102, with microfiche viewer and technical publications.
80. View from outside specialized maintenance shop in transmitter building no. 101, showing entry to area down hallway.
81. View of specialized maintenance shop in transmitter building no. 101, down main corridor showing various test stations.
82. View of specialized maintenance shop in transmitter building no. 101, showing technical publications library and equipment logging trays.
83. View of specialized maintenance shop in transmitter building no. 101, with shelves of obsolete electronic equipment with disposition and shipping tags.
84. View of specialized maintenance shop in transmitter building no. 101, back corner, showing synchronizer board tester, power generator, and miscellaneous equipment.
85. View of specialized maintenance shop in transmitter building no. 101, showing test bed with meters, power supplies, oscilloscopes, and other electronic test equipment.
86. View of building no. 105 showing structural steel and foundation nearly complete (note curved forms in place to place concrete for RF lockout and waveguide termination room). RCA Services Company, 28 September, 1959, official photograph BMEWS Project by unknown photographer, Photographic Services, Riverton, NJ, BMEWS, clear air station (AS) negative no. A-1.
87. View of transmitter building no. 102 showing structural steel frame at completion. RCA Services Company 28 September, 1959, official photograph BMEWS Project by unknown photographer, Photographic Services, Riverton, NJ, BMEWS, clear as negative no. A-5.
88. Overhead view of clear air station site at early stage of construction. View is from south 30 degrees west showing DR 3 in foreground with DR 2 in middle and DR 1 out of view. Official photograph BMEWS Project by unknown photographer, 5 October, 1959, Photographic Services, Riverton, NJ, BMEWS, clear as negative no. A-27.
89. View of DR 2 antenna (structure no. 736) at 65 percent completion showing erection process. Antenna system designed and factory construction by D.S. Kennedy & Company., Comasset, MA, 1958. Note scanner radar building in background. Official photograph BMEWS Project by unknown photographer, 11 July, 1960, Photographic Services, Riverton, NJ, BMEWS, clear as negative no. A-824.
90. View of scanner building no. 104 showing emplacement process for one-half of upper radar switch housing body. RCA Services Company 6 September, 1960, official photograph BMEWS Project by unknown photograph, Photographic Services, Riverton, NJ, BMEWS, clear as negative no. a-1163.
91. View of scanner building No. 105 construction view showing upper (upper left) and (lower right) DR switches (note apertures for future waveguide connection) and structural steel support system. RCA Services Company 22 September, 1960, official photograph BMEWS Project by unknown photograph, Photographic Services, Riverton, NJ, BMEWS, clear as negative no. A-1219.
92. View of transmitter building no. 102 first floor coolant process water tanks (sodium bisulfate solution), stainless steel, for electronic systems cooling in transmitter and MIP rooms. RCA Services Company 29 September, 1960, official photograph BMEWS Project by unknown photograph, Photographic Services, Riverton, NJ, BMEWS, clear as negative no. A-1226
93. View of transmitter building no. 102 view from second floor at grid lines 102-J-L, looking down at capacitor vaults on left and Klystron tube vaults on right showing future square attachment blockouts for waveguide connections at top. RCA Services Company 27 October, 1960, official photograph BMEWS Project by unknown photograph, Photographic Services, Riverton, NJ, BMEWS, clear as negative no. A-1371.
94. View of scanner building no. 105 overall view of upper (upper left) and lower (lower left) DR switches and waveguide arrangement, access catwalks, ships ladder stairs, and structural support system. Official photograph BMEWS Project by unknown photographer, 25 April 1961, clear as negative no. A-2343.
95. View of transmitter building no. 102 second floor view of capacitor vaults, waveguides and combiner bifurcation, Official photograph BMEWS Project by C. Henry, 6 January 1962, Photographic Services, Riverton, NJ, BMEWS, clear as negative no. A-3541.
96. Aerial view of clear AFS site, Official photograph BMEWS Project by C. Henry, 5 July 1962, Photographic Services, Riverton, NJ, BMEWS, clear as negative no. A-3945.
97. View of International Business Machine (IBM) digital computer model 7090 magnetic core installation, international telephone and telegraph (ITT) Artic Services Inc., Official photograph BMEWS site II, Clear, AK, by unknown photographer, 17 September 1965, BMEWS, clear as negative no. A-6604.
98. View of IBM digital computer model 7090 magnet core installation. ITT Artic Services, Inc., Official photograph BMEWS Site II, Clear, AK, by unknown photographer, 17 September 1965. BMEWS, clear as negative no. A-6606.
99. View of initial TR panel emplacement for radome, with workman welding at panel joint, RCA Services Company 8 October, 1965, Official photograph BMEWS Project, by unknown photographer, Photographic Services, Riverton, NJ, BMEWS, clear as negative no. A-6741.
100. View of TR radome construction showing crane assembly and workers, original radome, RCA Services Company 2 October, 1965, Official photograph BMEWS Project by unknown photographer, Photographic Services, Riverton, NJ, BMEWS, clear as negative no. A-6705.
101. View of transmitter building no. 102, missile warning operation center, close up view of DRED (detection radar environmental display) console in operation showing target. Official photograph BMEWS Project by Hansen, 14 March 1963, clear as negative no. A-8803.
102. Interior view of utilidor passageway link between building nos. 101 and 102 showing waveguides on left and cable tray system on right sides. Note fire suppression water supply piping (upper center). Small maintenance 3-wheel vehicle at center (Note: similar vehicles still in use in 2001.) Official photograph BMEWS Project by Hansen, Photographic Services, Riverton, NJ, BMEWS, clear as negative no. A-101123.
103. View of transmitter building no. 102, missile warning operation center, overall view of center in operation with staff at consoles. Note defcon (defense condition) display panel (upper right) showing "simulated status"activity level. Also note fiber optic display panel at upper right-center. Official photograph BMEWS Project by Hansen 30 September, 1976, clear as negative no. A-14568.
104. View of TR antenna, workers on "hanging garden," official photograph BMEWS Project by Hansen, 11 February 1981, clear as negative no. A-17701.
105. View of tracking radome replacement project, progress photograph, official photograph BMEWS Project by unknown photographer, 11 August 1981, clear as negative no. A-18562.
106. Air defense command "master plan", base map," RCA Service Company tab no. F-1, sheet 1 of 2, dated 22 October, 1965.
107. Air defense command "master plan, basic mission plan," RCA Service Company tab no. F-1, sheet 2 of 2, dated 1 June, 1963.
108. Back side technical facilities S.R. (scanning radar), scanner building no. 104, "first floor & mezzanine plan" - architectural, AS-BLT AW 35-03-89, sheet 1 of 40, dated November, 1960.
109. Back side technical facilities S.R. scanner building no. 104, "cross & longitudinal sections & roof plan" - architectural, AS-BLT AW 35-03-89, sheet 5 of 40, dated 23 November, 1960.
110. Back side technical facilities S.R. scanner building no. 104, "first floor plan & sections" - structural, AS-BLT AW 35-03-89, sheet 20 of 40, dated 23 November, 1960.
111. Back side technical facilities S.R. scanner building no. 105, "elevations A & B" - architectural, AS BLT AW 35-03-90, sheet 3 of 39, dated 23 November, 1960.
112. Back side technical facilities S.R. scanner building no. 105, "elevations C & D" - architectural, AS-BLT AW 35-03-90, sheet 4 of 39, dated 23 November, 1960.
113. Back side technical facilities S.R. antenna foundations nos. 107, 108 & 109, "grounding system general plans & details" - electrical, AS-BLT AW 35-03-92, sheet 4, dated 6 June, 1960.
114. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter building no. 101 "elevations - sheet 1" - architectural, AS-BLT AW 35-46-03, sheet 5, dated 23 June, 1961.
115. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter building no. 101, "elevations - sheet 2" - architectural, AS-BLT AW 35-46-03, sheet 5, dated 23 June, 1961.
116. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter building no. 101, "equipment room details" - mechanical, AS-BLT AW 35-46-03, sheet 73.1, dated 23 January, 1961.
117. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer building no. 102, "building sections - sheet I" - architectural, AS-BLT AW 35-46-04, sheet 12, dated 23 January, 1961.
118. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer building no. 102, "building sections - sheet I" - architectural, AS-BLT AW 35-46-04, sheet 13, dated 23 January, 1961.
119. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer building no. 102, section I "tower plan, sections & details" - structural, AS-BLT AW 35-46-04, sheet 62, dated 23 January, 1961.
120. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer building no. 102, section II "foundation & first floor plan" - structural, AS-BLT AW 35-46-04, sheet 65, dated 23 January, 1961.
121. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer building no. 102, section II "sections & elevations" - structural, AS-BLT AW 35-46-04, sheet 72, dated 23 January, 1961.
122. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer building no. 102, section II "elevations & details" - structural, AS-BLT AW 35-46-04, sheet 73, dated 23 January, 1961.
123. Back side technical facilities passageways, "key plan" - architectural, AS-BLT AW 36-25-13, sheet 1 of 40, dated 23 November, 1960.
124. Back side technical facilities passageways between support area & building no. 106, "plans, sections & details" - architectural, AS-BLT AW 36-25-13, sheet 2 of 40, dated 23 November, 1960.
125. Back side technical facilities passageways between building no. 106 & by-pass building, "plan, elevation & sections" - architectural, AS-BLT AW 36-25-13, sheet 3 of 40, dated 23 November, 1960.
126. Back side technical facilities passageways by-pass between building nos. 106 & 102, "plans, elevations, sections & details" - architectural, AS-BLT AW 36-25-13, sheet 5 of 40, dated 23 November, 1960.
127. Back side technical facilities passageways between building nos. 105 & 102, "plans, sections & elevations" - architectural, AS-BLT AW 36-25-13, sheet 6 of 40, dated 23 November, 1960.
128. Back side technical facilities passageways between building nos. 105 & 101, "plans, sections & elevations" - architectural, AS-BLT AW 36-25-13, sheet 7 of 40, dated 23 November, 1960.
129. Back side technical facilities passageways between turnaround trans. & building no. 104, "plans, sections & elevations" - architectural, AS-BLT AW 36-25-13, sheet 9 of 40, dated 23 November, 1960.
130. Back side technical facilities passageways building no. 101 to building no. 105, "plans, elevations & sections" - structural, AS-BLT AW 36-25-13, sheet 19 of 40, dated 23 November, 1960.
131. Back side technical facilities passageways building no. 106 to transmitter building no. 102, transmitter building no. 102 to building no. 105 "plans, elevations & sections" - mechanical, AS-BLT AW 36-25-13, sheet 24, dated 23 February, 1981. | en |
all-txt-docs | 162757 | <p>July 3, 2003</p>
<p><b><font size="+1"> Vacation policies, deja vu and the shape of things to
come?</font></b></p>
<p>Much has been said recently about the Laboratory's vacation policy with
its two tiers and the problem of the three-day vacation grant for the year-end
shutdown. I wonder if, no matter who the successful bidder for the new contract
is, we'll see vacation cuts forced by the Department of Energy (and/or the
contract holder) for the pre-'92 University of California hires as well. The
precedent seems well established in a recent example.</p>
<p>During the recent changeover
from Johnson Controls Northern New Mexico to KSL Services, some long-term
employees, even folks who started with Zia Co. (the original
support services subcontractor) nearly 20 years ago had their vacation leave
accrual slashed severely. Their seniority for the accrual rate of vacation/sick
leave benefits was run back to zero, the same as for new hires. That is,
those who had worked for the company a number of years, thus earning a larger
vacation
leave benefit, say three or four weeks, found their vacation benefit reduced
to 10 days. Those workers' misfortune was to have had their department spun
off by Johnson Controls International, the then support services subcontract
company to a subcontractor (SAIC) of the newly formed JCNNM. During that
spin-off their compensation, including vacation leave, was generally preserved.
However,
during the recent changeover from JCNNM to KSL they were spun to yet another
subcontractor, Technical Design Inc., who allowed them only the vacation
accrual rate of new hires. (Disclosure, I have family employed there, still
impressively
dedicated to the job.)</p>
<p>The DOE, Laboratory and KSL are obviously aware of
this regressive treatment of long-serving, loyal employees. Some of these
folks were on the same team
that arranged to run the JCNNM payroll from home on equipment they evacuated
out of their offices during the Cerro Grande Fire so that
everyone was paid on time.</p>
<p>That is not how exemplary service should be repaid
by management. As elsewhere, we're told it's 'just business,' and business
knows no shame. We might
be dismayed to see it, but should not be surprised.<br>
<br>
<em>--Steven J. Greene</em></p>
| en |
markdown | 826445 | # Presentation: 826445
## EPA’s Water Quality Exchange (WQX)
- National Water Quality Monitoring Conference
- San Jose, California
- Kristen Gunthardt, US EPA
- Curtis Cude, OR DEQ
## EPA’s Vision for WQX
- An integration of water monitoring data to improve national decisions
- Water quality data management and maintenance at the state level, data sharing and synthesis at the national level
- A national repository for storing and retrieving shared data
- A standard data sharing template (schema) that multiple data partners can publish to (States, USGS, PNWX)
**Notes:**
-- STORET Central Warehouse provides a national picture of WQ data – one of the only sources of interjurisdictional data
-- Water quality data mgmt is key to implementing effective state monitoring strategies. WQX continues to promote this importance
-- WQX data will flow in to the current STORET central WH; will continue to be EPA’s nat’l repository
-- EPA is continuing to work with partners such as USGS in making the schema usable for publishing their data
## WQX in Context
- WQX facilitates data submittal and exchange via the National Environmental Information Exchange Network
- The WQX schema is an implementation of the ESAR (Environmental Sampling, Analysis and Results) data standard
- WQX is the production version of the OWWQX pilot project
- WQX will serve as the next evolution of the STORET system
**Notes:**
-- EN presence means node to node, or computer to computer data exchange using the WQX schema
-- The WQX schema allows data from different sources to be brought together in one standardized format – based on ESAR
-- LeAnn mentioned the EDSC data standards which are based on the WQDEs
-- WQX implementation of ESAR provides schema for sharing physical, chemical and fish tissue data – we will build a biological data schema once ESAR adopts
-- Curtis will talk about the OWWQX pilot – difference between OWWQX and WQX
-- Mention transition of current users?
## Current STORET System
**Notes:**
This is the current distributed STORET system flow.
## Slide 5
**Notes:**
Brush over – Curtis to go in to detail about pilot flow
The next slide will start talking about green part of this diagram.
## OWWQX Pilot
- Four pilot participants: Oregon, Michigan, Texas, and Wind River Tribe
- Joint development project between EPA Office of Water (OW) and Office of Environmental Information (OEI)
- Explored the functionality of submitting water quality data to EPA using the agency Enterprise Architecture tools and the OWWQX schema
- Lessons learned are informing the design, development, and deployment of the production WQX system
**Notes:**
Partner readiness
Oregon not in STORET, in EN since beginning, PNWWQX
Michigan in EN since beginning, process of upgrading node during project, but in STORET
TX just getting into EN, not in STORET
Wind River – was just getting started in EN, have data in STORET
CDX, Schematron under OEI and DB and schema design OW (Work in to points 2 and 3)
Talk about lessons learned in a little bit
## OWWQX Pilot
- CDX
- OWWQX
- Parse and
- Load Software
- OWWQX
- ODS
- Data Submitter
- XML Submission
- Business Rule Validation
- Receive Error Responses
- Approved XML
- Submission
- Data Context Error Report
- Data Load Confirmation and Summary
**Notes:**
Submit by node (Oregon) or CDX Integration Test Tool (Wind River)
Schematron schema validation (includes some valid values checking) then business rules validation, response to data submitter
Then valid schema goes to parse and load. Other valid values and relational integrity verified.
If problem, then error report back to CDX then user.
If OK then data loads, then comfirmation/summary through CDX to user. User either retrieves message or CDX delivers
## OWWQX Outcomes
- Oregon successfully submitted files via an operational Exchange Network node
- Insert, Update and Delete functionality
- Wind River successfully submitted files manually
- Inserted results using CDX Integration Test Tool
- MI successfully completed data mapping to the schema
- TX still in system development, and used the OWWQX Pilot to inform their development
**Notes:**
Michigan was in process of rebuilding node.
## OWWQX Lessons Learned
- Data submitters need a way to see their data in the backend database in order to manage later transactions
- We need to ensure that domain value lists accommodate the needs of our data partners, especially as we align with EPA System of Registries
- We need to enhance interactions with CDX – calls were made to web services at CDX for everything
**Notes:**
Ways to address first bullet:
-- query/visualization of backend
-- frequent warehouse refreshes that allow partners to see their data
Second Bullet:
-- want to ensure users business needs are captured in our domain list values
-- need to ensure that alignment happens among domain lists in WQX that depend on SoR
Ways to address:
-- In production, Web services from the back end will serve up our domain list values so users can stay in sync
-- Web services with SRS will provide a way to stay in sync with their most current list
Third Bullet:
-- Submitters
## WQX Development
- Move WQX from Pilot to Production
- WQX Outreach to user community and EN partners (Begin Apr 06)
- Update schema to comply with final ESAR standard and release Draft schema (May 06)
- Finalize Phys/Chem WQX schema (Sept 06)
- Phys/Chem WQX data flow in production (Jan 07)
- Central Warehouse web services complete (March 07)
**Notes:**
Web services:
-- From back end DB: domain value lists
-- From WH: stations and results data
-- Other WH enhancements we are planning: better retrieval capabilities via query interface, alignment with updates to Enviromapper for water, build in data retrieval for reports that inform about WQ criteria, strategic planning measures
## Slide 11
## Further down the road...
- Add Biological/Habitat data to schema
- Begin Bio/Habitat WQX pilot (Late 06/Early 07)
- Finalize WQX Bio/Habitat Schema (12/07)
- Bio/Habitat WQX in production (Mar 08)
- Develop Web tool for XML Generation
- Tool available for Phys/Chem data (Feb 08)
- Final tool, including Bio/Habitat (Jul 08)
**Notes:**
Web Tool for smaller data providers – will generate XML, but will go through CDX
## What about STORET?
- SIM 2.0.2 Release (May 2006)
- Transition from STORET system to new WQX system (2007-2008)
- No longer accept STORET data dumps (Sept 2009)
## Question/Comments ?
- Contact:
- Dwane Young, EPA (202)566-0616
- _[Young.dwane@epa.gov](mailto:Young.dwane@epa.gov)_
- Kristen Gunthardt, EPA (202)566-1194
- _[gunthardt.kristen@epa.gov](mailto:gunthardt.kristen@epa.gov)_
- Or Visit: _[www.epa.gov/storet](http://www.epa.gov/storet)_ | en |
converted_docs | 696271 | 4350.6
Chapter 1. General
1-1. Introduction. This Handbook provides information to
Field Office staff about processing Plans of Action
for terminating or extending affordability
restrictions for eligible low-income housing under
Subtitle A of Title VI of the National Affordable
Housing Act, the Low Income Housing Preservation and
Resident Homeownership Act of 1990.
1-2. Authority.
A. Subtitle A of Title VI of the National
Affordable Housing Act of 1990 (Title VI), which
repealed and replaced Title II of the Housing
and Community Development Act of 1987 (Title
II), restricts an owner of \"eligible low-income
housing,\" insured, formerly insured or assisted
under Section 221(d)(3) or Section 236 of the
National Housing Act, from prepaying a project\'s
mortgage note after 20 years if the mortgage
note is eligible to be prepaid without HUD\'s
consent. In this Handbook, all references to
\"prepaying a project\'s mortgage\" also covers
\"involuntarily terminating the mortgage
insurance.\" In other words, HUD may approve a
Plan of Action that provides for termination of
the low-income affordability restrictions
through prepayment of the mortgage or voluntary
termination of the mortgage insurance contract.
Each of the actions has the same effect. That
is they each terminate the low-income
affordability restrictions of the project
Regulatory Agreement. Title VI provides
permanent authority to address certain
low-income housing as further defined.
B. These legislative provisions have been
implemented in 24 CFR Part 248, Subpart B (in
this Handbook, subsequent references to any Part
of 24 CFR will be limited to using the word Part
or Section and its number), with conforming
amendments in Parts 50, 219, 241, 221 and 236.
The requirements of Part 248 apply to any
project that is eligible low-income housing, as
defined in Section 248.101 and Paragraph 1-15
1-1 4/92
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4350.6
below, on or after November 1, 1987. Subpart C
pertains only to administering Title II.
Subpart A of Part 248 consists of provisions
which are applicable to both Subpart B and
Subpart C. While Subparts A and B of Part 248
are covered by this Handbook, Subpart C is
covered in Notice H91-29. Instructions for
implementing Subpart D will be published later.
An Interim Rule, for effect amending Part 248 in
order to implement Title VI, was published in
the Federal Register on April 8, 1992.
C. Section 602(b) of the National Affordable
Housing Act amends Section 250(b) and (c) of the
National Housing Act so that a mortgagee may
foreclose a mortgage on any eligible low-income
housing project, only if the mortgagee also
agrees to convey the title to the project to
HUD.
D. Section 602(b) applies regardless of whether the
mortgage or applicable regulations permit
prepayment without HUD\'s consent.
1-3. Purpose. The purpose of this Handbook is to provide
comprehensive guidance to HUD Field Offices regarding
requests to prepay mortgages or extend affordability
on eligible low-income housing. This Handbook:
A. Covers all aspects of receiving, processing,
evaluating, and approving Notices of Intent and
Plans of Action;
B. Establishes the procedure for requesting
appraisals of eligible low-income housing for
which the owner has submitted a Notice of Intent
to transfer the project or to extend its
low-income affordability restrictions;
C. Provides standards for evaluating Plans of
Action to terminate or extend the current
affordability restrictions;
D. Provides standards for organizing a Resident
Council for the purpose of developing a Resident
Homeownership Program; and
4/92 1-2
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4350.6
E. Provides an application and approval procedure
for a State Agency to be delegated some or all
responsibility for receiving Notices of Intent
and processing Plans of Action.
1-4. Revisions to Section 250(b) and (c) of the National
Housing Act were implemented by Mortgagee letter
[91-25](http://www.hud.gov/offices/adm/hudclips/letters/mortgagee/91-25ml.txt)
in Appendix 1-2.
1-5. This Handbook covers all Plans of Action (POAs) filed
under Title VI. Since the new law (Title VI), under
certain circumstances, maintains the provisions of
the old law (Title II), old law provisions will be
referred to as Title II and new law provisions will
be referred to as Title VI.
1-6. Exceptions.
A. The requirements of Title VI will not apply to a
project that has received approval of a
Homeownership Plan under the HOPE Program.
Projects receiving an implementation grant under
the HOPE Program are not eligible for assistance
under Title VI.
B. This Handbook does not govern the prepayment of
Section 202 mortgages.
1-7. Objectives. HUD will approve POAs submitted by
owners of eligible low-income housing when the plans
meet the statutory and regulatory criteria for
approval. Owners whose contractual right to mortgage
prepayment has been limited by Title VI are entitled
to prompt, efficient processing by the Department.
It is HUD\'s objective to make decisions without delay
and in conformance with statutory and regulatory
timeframes.
1-8. Preemption of State and Local Laws. Title VI
provides that a fair Federal preservation policy must
apply uniformly to all affected properties regardless
of location. For that reason, pursuant to Section
232 of Title VI, HUD may preempt State and local laws
that target only prepayment projects for special
treatment. Any questions about preemption of State
and local laws should be referred the the Field
Office Chief Counsel.
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4350.6
1-9. Delegated Responsibility to State Agencies.
A. In General, HUD may delegate some or all
responsibility for implementing Plans of Action
(POAs) to a State Housing Agency if such agency
submits a State Preservation Plan acceptable to
the Department. State agencies may redelegate
such authority to local housing authorities at
their discretion. In those cases where such
redelegation takes place, the local housing
authority must meet the requirements of
Paragraph B below. Headquarters staff must
review, evaluate and approve a State\'s
Preservation Plan in accordance with the
criteria set forth below.
B. Implementation. In order to implement a State
Preservation Plan, the State agency must submit
the following information to the Director of the
Office of Multifamily Housing Preservation and
Property Disposition in Headquarters:
1\. An inventory of low-income housing within
the State that is, or will be, eligible
low-income housing under Title VI within
five years. The inventory must include:
a\. A brief description of the Federal or
State housing program under which the
project was built;
b\. Project name, location, owner and
mortgage amount;
c\. Number of units by income category;
d\. Type of rent subsidy in effect; and
e\. The date the project becomes eligible
for prepayment.
2\. A description of the agency\'s experience in
the area of multifamily financing and
restructuring which includes:
a\. A narrative describing the types of
housing produced or rehabilitated;
4/92 1-4
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4350.6
b\. The number of units of new or
rehabilitated property currently in
the inventory; and
c\. The types and amounts of multifamily
financing undertaken (i.e., tax exempt
bonds, State programs, Federal
programs, and conventional financing).
3\. Descriptions of the means available to
process Plans of Action including:
a\. A description of administrative
resources that will enable the agency
to:
i\. Review appraisals;
ii\. Assist priority purchasers;
iii\. Process POA\'s with incentives;
and
iv\. Conduct monitoring duties in
connection with approved POA\'s.
b\. A description of the staffing
available to process the State\'s Plans
of Action including, as an attachment:
i\. Resumes of key staff persons who
will be directly involved in this
activity;
ii\. Job descriptions and salary rates
per job category for the staff
that will be involved with this
activity; and
iii\. An organization chart indicating
lines of responsibility.
c\. A description of the administrative
resources that the agency will commit
to the monitoring of approved Plans of
Action in accordance with this Title
VI\.
1-5 4/92
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4350.6
4\. An independent analysis of the performance
of the multifamily housing financed or
otherwise monitored by the agency. Loan
Management staff review of this data may
include but not be limited to:
a\. Reviewing the State agency\'s data
against Standard and Poor\'s (S&Ps)
\"top tiered\" bond rating certification
as a measure to satisfy the
independent analysis requirement.
b\. Using the annual independent audit of
the State Housing Finance Authority\'s
operations and an annual or other
periodic review conducted by HUD to
satisfy this independent analysis
requirement.
C. Implementation Agreements. The Department may
enter into any agreements necessary to implement
and approve a State Preservation Plan.
D. Certifications Required:
1\. A certification by the public official
responsible for submitting the
comprehensive housing affordability
strategy (CHAS) under Section 105 of the
National Affordable Housing Act that the
proposed activities are consistent with the
approved housing strategy of the State
within which the eligible low-income
housing is located; and
2\. Such other certifications or information
that the Department determines to be
necessary to implement an approved State
Preservation Plan.
E. Fees. Any State agencies participating in HUD\'s
affordable housing program may not charge any
fee for accepting Notices of Intent, processing
Plans of Action or performing any other duties
related to the approval of a Plan of Action.
This prohibition does not preclude:
4/92 1-6
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
4350.6
1\. An owner from paying for its appraisal or
share of a joint appraisal under Title VI;
or
2\. A State agency from collecting fees
normally associated with providing and
processing loans insured under Part 241.
1-10. Consultation with Other Interested Parties.
A. The Chief, Loan Management Branch, will
designate a person to serve as the liaison
between HUD and States, local governments, and
other interested parties to:
1\. Ensure that the Initial and Second Notices
of Intent (NOIs) are sent to the Chief
Executive Officer (CEO), or its designee,
at the lowest level of government in a
metropolitan area (eg., the CEO of the city
rather than the county or State) and to the
CEO, or its designee, at the highest level
of government, which would be the State, in
a non-metropolitan area.
2\. Elicit feedback from State and local
governments where projects are located to
make sure that the owner has filed the
Initial Notice of Intent and the Second
Notice of Intent (where applicable) with
them and that all Federal requirements have
been met.
3\. Gather information specified in
Paragraph A.2. above and find out if the
owner has provided other information,
required by Title VI, to the appropriate
State or local agencies, including
appraisal information it received from HUD.
4\. Develop a list which contains the name of
the person, designated by the State or
local CEO, to be responsible for
implementing the low-income affordable
housing program so that HUD:
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4350.6
a\. Can submit the POA to the appropriate
State or local agency to which the
owner was not required to send a copy;
b\. Can ensure that the statutory purpose
of Title VI is carried out;
c\. Can ensure that the POA reaches the
person at the agency closest to the
task of reviewing and approving the
POA so that it will receive the most
expeditious review possible.
B. The Affordable Housing Branch in Headquarters
will undertake outreach efforts with National
State organizations such as the Council of State
and County Agencies (COSCA) and the National
Council of State Housing Agencies (NCSHA) to
obtain information that will aid in HUD\'s goal
to preserve affordable housing stock.
Headquarters staff will compile the information
gathered and provide it to Loan Management staff
as needed.
C. Loan Management staff must confer with any
appropriate State or local government agency to
confirm any State or local assistance that is
available to help low-income families preserve
and retain their residences as affordable
housing. The Loan Management Branch must also
consider such views when making determinations
about Plans of Action or a Resident
Homeownership Plan of Action.
D. The Department must confer with appropriate
interested parties (e.g., community groups,
nonprofit organizations, tenant groups) that it
believes could assist in the development of a
Plan of Action that best achieves the purpose of
preserving and maintaining, to the maximum
extent possible, housing that is affordable to
low-income families or persons; minimizes the
involuntary displacement of tenants currently
residing in low-income housing; or facilitates
the sale of housing to residents under a
Homeownership Program.
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4350.6
1-11. Maintenance of Tenant Income Profiles. Loan
Management staff should warn owners of projects that
may become eligible to prepay that they must maintain
an income profile of tenants as of January 1, 1987.
HUD is authorized to approve POAs extending
affordability restrictions only if the project
maintains the same proportions of very low-, low- and
moderate-income families or persons as resided in the
project as of January 1, 1987, or as of the date of
the POA approval, whichever date results in the
highest proportion of very low-income families. If
the tenant profile for January 1, 1987 is no longer
available, the owner will be able to certify to this
effect and will have to submit the earliest available
profile of January 1, 1988, or January 1, 1989.
1-12. Waivers. Upon making a determination and finding a
good cause, the Commissioner may waive any provision
of this Handbook or regulations, subject to statutory
limitations. Each waiver request must be in writing
and must be supported by documentation of the facts
and reasons that form the basis for the waiver.
1-13. Maintain a Log. The Multifamily Housing Preservation
staff in Headquarters will develop a log (automated
and manual) which Loan Management staff may use to
record the receipt of an Initial Notice of Intent
(NOI). Information on the log will include, but will
not be limited to, the date of receipt of the Initial
NOI, the project name and number, the type of action
the owner intends to take (i.e., terminate, extend or
transfer) and POA approval date. The log format will
allow recordation of data in a sequential, on-going
manner and will complement the Plan of Action
tracking system now under development in
Headquarters. Loan Management staff should also
enter information on the log, as specified in this
Handbook, whenever the word LOG appears.
1-14. Timelines. Appendix 1-1A, 1-1B and 1-1C are
timelines that contain the clock Loan Management
staff must adhere to when processing NOIs and Plans
of Actions.
1-15. Definitions.
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4350.6
Acquisition Loan. A loan or advance of credit made
to a qualified purchaser of eligible low-income
housing and insured by the Department under Section
241(f) of the National Housing Act for which
regulations are promulgated under 24 CFR Part 241,
Subpart E.
Adjusted Income. Annual income, as specified in
Section 813.106, less allowances specified in the
definition of \"Adjusted Income\" in Section 813.102.
Aggregate Preservation Rent. The extension
preservation rent or transfer preservation rent, as
defined under this Paragraph for the project.
Annual Authorized Return. The total amount an owner
of an eligible low-income housing project may receive
in distributions from the project each year,
calculated as a percentage (i.e., 8%) of the
project\'s extension preservation equity. This amount
may be taken as distribution and/or be used to pay
debt service for the equity take-out portion of any
loan approved under the Plan of Action.
Basic Rents. The HUD-approved monthly rent for a
unit in a Section 236 project determined on the basis
of operating the project with payments of principal
and interest at the rate of one percent per annum in
accordance with Section 236.2.
Bona Fide Offer. A certain and unambiguous offer to
purchase an eligible low-income housing project
pursuant to Subpart B of Part 248 made in good faith
by a qualified purchaser with the intent that such
offer result in the execution of an enforceable,
valid and binding contract.
Capital Improvement Loan. A direct loan to the owner
or purchaser originated by the Department under Part
219\.
Community-Based Nonprofit Organization (CBO). A
private nonprofit organization that:
A. Is organized under State or local laws;
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4350.6
B. Has no part of its net earnings inuring to the
benefit of any member, founder, contributor, or
individual;
C. Is neither controlled by, nor under the
direction of, individuals or entities seeking to
derive profit or gain from the organization;
D. Has applied for, or has a tax exemption ruling
from the Internal Revenue Service under Section
501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986;
E. Does not include a public body (including the
participating jurisdiction) or an
instrumentality of a public body. An
organization that is State or locally chartered
may qualify as a CBO. However, the State or
local government may not have the right to
appoint more than one-third of the membership of
the organization\'s governing body and no more
than one-third of the board members can be
public officials;
F. Has standards of financial accountability that
conform to Attachment F of OMB Circular No.
A-110 (Rev.) \"Standards for Financial Management
Systems\";
G. Has among its purposes the provision of decent
housing that is affordable to low-income and
moderate-income persons, as evidenced in its
charter, articles of incorporation, resolutions
or by-laws;
H. Maintains accountability to low-income community
residents by:
1\. Maintaining at least one-third of its
governing board\'s membership for low-income
neighborhood residents, other low-income
community residents, or elected
representatives of low-income neighborhood
organizations.
a\. For urban areas, \"community\" may be a
neighborhood or neighborhoods, city,
county, or metropolitan area;
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4350.6
b\. For rural areas, \"community\" may be
neighborhood or neighborhoods, town,
village, county, or multi-county area
(but not the entire State), provided
the governing board contains low-income
residents from each county of
the multi-county area; and
2\. Providing a formal process for low-income,
program beneficiaries to advise the
organization on its decisions regarding the
acquisition, rehabilitation and management
of affordable housing.
Debt Service Coverage. An amount reserved to make
loan payments in the event of unanticipated project
expenses. For purposes of determining preservation
rents, debt service coverage (DSC) will be the amount
needed to bring debt service (DS) to 90 percent of
the total debt service and the amount reserved, i.e.,
debt service coverage is set to the amount such that:
Example: DS = .90(DS+DSC)
DSC = 1/9 DS
DSC = .111 DS
Default. For purposes of determining eligibility
for filing a Notice of Intent, default is the failure
of the owner to make any payment due under the
mortgage (including the full amount of the debt if
the mortgagee has accelerated the debt on the basis
of a non-monetary default) within 30 days after such
payment becomes due.
Eligible Low-Income Housing. Any project that is not
subject to a use restriction, imposed by the
Department, which restricts it to low and moderate
income use for a period at least equal to the
remaining term of the mortgage, and;
A. That is financed by a loan or mortgage:
1\. Insured or held by the Secretary under
Section 221(d)(3) of the National Housing
Act and assisted under Part 215 or
project-based assistance provided under
Sections 880, 881 or 886;
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4350.6
2\. Insured or held by the Secretary under
Section 221 of the National Housing Act and
bearing a below market interest rate as
provided under Section 221.518(b);
3\. Insured, assisted, or held by the
Department or a State or State agency under
Section 236 of the National Housing Act; or
4\. A purchase money mortgage held by the
Department for a project which, immediately
prior to HUD\'s acquisition, would have been
classified under Paragraph A.1., 2., or 3.
of this definition; and
B. That, under regulation or contract in effect
before February 5, 1988, is or will within 24
months become eligible for prepayment without
prior approval of the Department.
Equity Loan. A loan or advance of credit to the
owner of eligible low-income housing and insured by
the Department under Section 241(f) of the National
Housing Act, for which regulations are promulgated
under 24 CFR Part 241, Subpart E.
Extension Preservation Equity. The extension
preservation equity of a project is:
A. The extension preservation value of the project
determined under Section 248.111; less
B. The outstanding balance of any debt secured by
the property.
Extension Preservation Rent. The extension
preservation rent is the gross potential income for
the project that would be required to support:
A. The annual authorized return;
B. Debt service on any rehabilitation loan for the
project;
C. Debt service on the federally-assisted mortgage
for the project;
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4350.6
D. Project operating expenses; and
E. Adequate reserves.
Extension Preservation Value. The fair market value
of the project based on the highest and best use of
the project as multifamily market-rate rental
housing.
Fair Market Rent. The Section 8 existing fair market
rent (FMR) in effect and as defined under Section
882.102. Section 8 FMRs are applicable to the
jurisdiction in which the project is located and are
adjusted, where appropriate, for projects in which
tenants pay their own utilities. However, no utility
adjustments will be made to the fair market rent for
purposes of determining the Federal Cost Limit.
Federal Cost Limit. The greater of 120 percent of
the Section 8 existing fair market rent for the
market area in which the project is located or 120
percent of the prevailing rents in the relevant local
market area in which the project is located.
Federally-Assisted Mortgage. Any mortgage, as
defined in this Paragraph, any insured operating loss
loan secured by the project and any loan insured by
the Department under Part 241.
Floor Rents. Floor rents are those rents paid by
moderate income tenants in the case of a reduction in
income. The floor rents protect owners from large or
sudden decreases in rental income.
Good Cause. With respect to displacement, the
temporary or permanent uninhabitability of the
project justifying relocation of all or some of the
project\'s tenants (except where such uninhabitability
is caused by the actions or inactions of the owner),
or actions of the tenant that, under the terms of the
tenant\'s lease and applicable regulations, constitute
a basis for eviction.
HOME Investment Trust Fund. A public fund
established in the general local or State government
in which a project is located pursuant to Title II of
the National Affordable Housing Act.
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4350.6
Homeownership Program. A program developed by a
Resident Council for the sale of an eligible low-income
housing project to the tenants in accordance
with the standards in Section 248.173 or 248.175 and
Chapter 9 of this Handbook.
Initial Notice of Intent. An owner\'s notification to
the Department of its intention to terminate the
low-income affordability restrictions on the project
through prepayment of the mortgage or voluntary
termination of the insurance contract, to extend the
low-income affordability restrictions on the project,
or to transfer the project to a qualified purchaser.
Interest Reduction Payments. Payments made by the
Department pursuant to a contract to reduce the
interest costs on a mortgage insured under Section
236 of the National Housing Act.
Limited Equity Cooperative. A cooperative housing
corporation in which the income eligibility of
purchasers or appreciation upon resale of membership
shares, or both, are restricted in order to maintain
the project as available to and affordable by low and
moderate income families and persons.
Low-income Affordability Restrictions. Limits
imposed by regulation or regulatory agreement on
tenant rents, rent contributions, or income
eligibility with respect to eligible low-income
housing.
Low-income Families. Families or persons whose
incomes do not exceed the levels established for
low-income families under Part 813.
Low Vacancy Area. A local market area in which the
current supply of decent, safe and sanitary, vacant,
available rental units, as a proportion of the total
overall rental inventory in the area is not
sufficient to allow for normal growth and mobility.
This determination takes into account the need for
vacancies resulting from turnover and the need to
meet growth in renter households. The determination
of a low vacancy area will be made by the Department,
using the most recent available data for the market
area on the rental inventory, renter households,
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4350.6
rental vacancy rates and other factors as
appropriate.
Mandatory Sale. When an owner submits a Second
Notice of Intent to prepay the mortgage note and
terminate the affordability restrictions because the
transfer preservation rent exceeds the Federal Cost
Limit, the owner must offer the project for sale and
must accept any bona fide offer equal to the transfer
preservation value and sell the project to the
purchaser.
Moderate Income Families. Families or persons whose
incomes are between 80 and 95 percent of median area
income, as determined by the Department, with
adjustments for smaller and larger families.
Mortgage. The mortgage, security deed or deed of
trust insured or held by the Secretary or a State or
State agency under Parts 221 or 236. Also, the
purchase money mortgage taken back by the Secretary
in connection with the sale of a HUD-owned project
and held by the Department, where such mortgage,
security deed, or deed of trust or purchase money
mortgage is secured by eligible low-income housing.
Nonprofit Organization Eligible to Purchase or
Otherwise Participate. Any private, nonprofit
organization or association that:
A. Is incorporated under State or local law;
B. Has no part of its net earnings inuring to the
benefit of any member, founder, contributor, or
individual;
C. Complies with standards of financial
accountability acceptable to the Department; and
D. Has among its principal purposes, significant
activities related to the provision of decent
housing that is affordable to very low, low, and
moderate income families.
Notice of Intent. Initial Notice of Intent or Second
Notice of Intent as defined in this Paragraph.
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4350.6
Offering Price. The price that a purchaser offers a
seller for the Project.
Owner. The mortgagor or trustor under the mortgage
secured by eligible low-income housing.
Participating Jurisdiction. For purposes of the
Resident Homeownership program established in,
Section 248.173, any State or unit of general local
government that has been designated eligible to
maintain a HOME Investment Trust Fund in accordance
with Section 216 of Title II of the National
Affordable Housing Act.
Personal Benefit Expenses (PBEs). HUD\'s or the
contract administrator\'s estimate of the average
monthly utility bills (except telephone) for an
energy-conscious household paid directly by the
tenant.
Plan of Action. A plan providing for the termination
of the low-income affordability restrictions on the
project through prepayment of the mortgage or
voluntary termination of the insurance contract, for
extension of the low-income affordability
restrictions on the project, or for the transfer of
the project to a qualified purchaser. A plan for a
Homeownership Program constitutes a plan of action
for a Resident Homeownership program.
Prepayment. Prepayment in full of a mortgage, or a
partial payment or series of partial prepayments that
reduces the mortgage term by a least six months,
except where the prepayment in full or partial
prepayment results from the application of
condemnation proceeds.
Preservation Equity. The extension preservation
equity or transfer preservation equity, as defined
under this Paragraph.
Preservation Value. The extension preservation value
or transfer preservation value, as defined under this
Paragraph.
Prevailing Rents. Gross rents established for the
relevant local market, as defined in this Paragraph,
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4350.6
and adjusted where appropriate, for projects in which
tenants pay their own utilities. It is the gross
rent a tenant is likely to pay for this particular
housing at market rate rental conditions in this
location.
Priority Purchaser. Any entity that is not a related
party to the owner and that is either:
A. A Resident Council organized to acquire the
project in accordance with a Resident
Homeownership program that meets the
requirements of Section 248.173 or 248.175; or
B. Any nonprofit organization or State or local
agency that agrees to maintain low-income
affordability restrictions for the remaining
useful life of the project.
NOTE: A nonprofit organization or State or local
agency that is affiliated with a for-profit
entity for purposes of purchasing a project
under Subpart B of Part 248 will not be
considered a priority purchaser.
Public Housing Agency. A public housing agency means
any State, county, municipality, or other
governmental entity or public body (or its agency)
which is authorized to engage in or assist in the
development or operation of lower income housing.
Purchase Price. The maximum sales price that HUD
will use to determine the amount of incentives. The
actual purchase price of the project must not exceed
the offering price minus any residual receipts that
will be transferred with the project.
Qualified Purchaser. Any entity that is not a
related party to the owner and that agrees to
maintain low-income affordability restrictions for
the remaining useful life of the project. Qualified
purchasers include for-profit entities and priority
purchasers.
Regulatory Agreement. The agreement executed by the
owner and the Department or a State agency providing
for the regulation of the operation of the project.
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4350.6
Related Party. An entity that, either directly or
indirectly, is wholly or partially owned or
controlled by the owner of the project being
transferred under Part 248, Subpart B, is under whole
or partial common control with such owner, or has any
financial interest in such owner or in which such
owner has any financial interest. However, this will
not prohibit a nonprofit organization from buying-out
the interest of its limited dividend or for-profit
partners in connection with the sale of
eligible low-income housing under Subpart B of Part
248, as long as the sale is made on an arms length
basis. Also, the partners who sell their interest
must completely divest themselves of any input in the
continued operation of the project.
1\. The purchaser and the owner will not be deemed
related parties on the basis that financing is
provided to the purchaser by the seller or a
management company affiliated with the seller,
as long as:
A. Only a loan, and not a grant, is provided;
B. The financing is provided for the
acquisition of the project, the
rehabilitation of the project, or both;
C. In the case of financing for the
acquisition of the project, the sum of the
principal amount of the loan, plus the
amount of the Section 241(f) acquisition
loan and any Federal grant to cover
acquisition of the project, does not exceed
the sum of the sales price and the expenses
associated with the acquisition, loan
closing and implementation of the plan of
action and, in the case of financing for
the rehabilitation of the project, the
principal amount of the loan does not
exceed the equity requirements applicable
to the rehabilitation loan or capital
improvement loan obtained by the purchaser
under Part 241 or Part 219;
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4350.6
D. The loan is not a condition of accepting a
bona fide offer or entering into a sales
contract;
E. The seller has no input in the continued
operation of the project as a result of the
loan; and
F. In the case of a loan provided by a
management company that is affiliated with
the seller, the execution of a management
contract between the purchaser and the
management company is not a condition of
the loan.
2\. This rule does not bar an owner, or former
owner, from membership on a nonprofit
organization\'s board of directors, as long as:
A. The owner, or former owner, participates
only in its personal capacity, without
compensation, and holds a nonvoting
membership; and
B. The purchaser and the owner will not be
deemed related parties solely by reason of
the purchaser\'s retention of a property
management entity of a company that is
owned or controlled by the owner or a
principal thereof, if retention of the
management company is neither a condition
of sale nor part of consideration paid for
the project and the property management
contract is negotiated by the qualified
purchaser on an arm\'s length basis.
Relevant Local Market. An area geographically
smaller than the market area established by the
Department for purposes of determining the Section 8
existing fair market rent. The area is identifiable
as a distinct rental market area in which similar
projects and units would effectively compete with the
subject project for potential tenants.
Relocation Expenses. Relocation expenses consist of
payment for:
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4350.6
A. Advisory services that include timely
information, counseling (including the provision
of information on a resident\'s rights under the
Fair Housing Act), and referrals to suitable,
affordable, decent, safe and sanitary
alternative housing; and
B. Actual and reasonable moving expenses.
Remaining Useful Life. With respect to eligible
low-income housing, the period during which the physical
characteristics of the project remain in a condition
suitable for occupancy, assuming normal maintenance
and repairs are made and major systems and capital
components are replaced as becomes necessary.
Reserve for Replacements. The escrow fund
established under the Regulatory Agreement for the
purpose of ensuring the availability of funds for
needed repair and replacement costs.
Resident Council. Any incorporated nonprofit
organization or association in which membership is
available to all the tenants, and only the tenants,
of a particular project and:
A. Is representative of the residents of the
project;
B. Adopts written procedures providing for the
election of officers on a regular basis; and
C. Has a democratically elected governing board,
elected by the residents of the project.
Residual Receipt Fund. The fund established under
the Regulatory Agreement for holding cash remaining
after the distribution of all allowable distributions
from surplus cash as it is defined in the Regulatory
Agreement.
Return on Investment. The amount of allowable
distributions that a purchaser of a project may
receive under a Plan of Action under Section 248.157
or 248.161.
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4350.6
Secretary. The Secretary of Housing and Urban
Development.
Second Notice of Intent. An owner\'s notification of
its intent to transfer the project. An owner submits
a Second NOI after it receives the information which
HUD staff developed and sent to it after evaluating
data from the appraisal(s).
Section 8 Assistance. Rental assistance provided
under Parts 880 through 887.
Special Needs Tenants. Those elderly persons, 62
years of age or older, elderly families, or families
that include disabled persons, as defined in Section
812.2. Special needs tenants also means large
families requiring units with three or more bedrooms.
State Assisted or Subsidized Mortgage. A mortgage
which is assisted or subsidized by an agency of a
State government without any Federal mortgage
subsidy.
Tenant Representative. A designated officer of an
organization of the project\'s tenants, a tenant who
has been elected to represent the tenants of the
project, or a person or organization that has been
formally designated or retained by an organization of
the project\'s tenants to represent the tenants with
respect to Subpart B of Part 248.
Termination of Low-income Affordability Restrictions.
The elimination of low-income affordability
restrictions under the Regulatory Agreement through
termination of mortgage insurance or prepayment of
the mortgage.
Transfer Preservation Equity. The transfer
preservation equity of a project is:
A. The transfer preservation value of the project
determined under Section 248.111; less
B. The outstanding balance only of the
federally-assisted mortgage(s) secured by the
project prior to the granting of incentives.
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4350.6
Transfer Preservation Rent. For purposes of
receiving incentives pursuant to a sale of the
project, transfer preservation rent is the gross
income for the project that would be required to
support:
A. Debt service on the loan for acquisition of the
project;
B. Debt service on any rehabilitation loan for the
project;
C. Debt service on the federally-assisted mortgages
secured by the project;
D. Project operating expenses; and
E. Adequate reserves.
Transfer Preservation value. The fair market value
of the project based on its highest and best use.
Very Low-Income Families. Families or persons whose
incomes do not exceed the level established for very
low-income families under Section 813.102.
Voluntary Sale. When an owner submits a Second
Notice of Intent to transfer the project, it must
offer the project for sale to a qualified purchaser
if the transfer preservation rent does not exceed the
Federal Cost Limit. The owner, however, is not
obligated to accept any offer under this category.
Voluntary Termination of Mortgage Insurance. The
termination of all rights under the mortgage
insurance contract and of all obligations to pay
future insurance premiums.
Windfall Profits. Receipt of incentives under this
Act by owners who, in the absence of Title VI, would
not have prepaid their mortgages given local market
conditions. To prevent windfall profits, the
Secretary may make available incentive payments only
to owners in those rental markets where there is an
inadequate supply of decent, affordable housing or
where necessary to accomplish the other public policy
objectives under Title VI.
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| en |
markdown | 396668 | # Presentation: 396668
**(Bad) News from Cracks**
**Robert Zitoun**
**Stony Brook and LAPP **
** ****CAT Force Meeting**
**May 27, 2003**
- R. Zitoun, Stony Brook and LAPP CAT force Meeting
- 27 May 2003
## New Track Matching
- Rewrite track matching code to allow for better resolution
- modulation ± 5 mm. Period 0.05 (EM3 period)
- modulation ± 5 mm. Period 0.2 (crack period)
- Note: extrapolation made with ET.Have to correct ET in the crack torecover same field integral
- R. Zitoun, Stony Brook and LAPP CAT force Meeting
- 27 May 2003
## How wide is the crack
- Crack with calo position(standard)
- Correct calo position
- Extrapolate tracks and plot track (mod 0.2)Loss smaller than previously thought
- Moreover: analyzed clusters are matched
- by present tracking (might be even better)
- track angle
- cluster angle
- corrected cluster angle
- R. Zitoun, Stony Brook and LAPP CAT force Meeting
- 27 May 2003
## Energy Loss in the Crack
- Oleg gauss(20%, = 15mrad)
- Best (mass) gauss(21%, = 16mrad)
- “mine” gauss(20%, = 7mrad)
- track angle
- cluster angle
- corrected cluster angle
- R. Zitoun, Stony Brook and LAPP CAT force Meeting
- 27 May 2003
## Detailed Crack Study
- Shower shape affected by crack
- Correct cell with gauss(20%, 8 mrad)
- R. Zitoun, Stony Brook and LAPP CAT force Meeting
- 27 May 2003
## Energy correction in the crack
- Brute or cell correction equivalent
- Not perfect
- No effect above 0.02 mrad
- (even in not corrected angle)
- track angle
- cluster angle
- R. Zitoun, Stony Brook and LAPP CAT force Meeting
- 27 May 2003
## Z mass
- p13.05 + p13.06 + r13.06 (jonas)
- certified + matched
- still 1.7 GeV mass differenceclose/far crack
- not the crack itself? statistics?
- crack<0.05
- 89.6 GeV
- 3.6±0.2%
- R. Zitoun, Stony Brook and LAPP CAT force Meeting
- 27 May 2003 | en |
markdown | 794167 | # Presentation: 794167
## Limitations of historical data records for constraining the properties of the climate system that are relevant for decadal and longer predictions
- Chris Forest, Andrei Sokolov, Peter Stone: MIT Myles Allen: University of Oxford
**VTT Workshop, Asheville, NC**
- October 27, 2003
## Limitations of historical records
- Short?
- Start dates: 1979, 1958, 1948, 1860(?)
- Accurate?
- Spatial and Temporal sampling
- Instrumental changes
- Limitations outside of climate records?
- Forcings, incompletely known or missing
- Natural variability estimates (d.o.f.)
- Relevance to 21st century changes?
- Distinguish btwn response characteristics of different earth system components
## Future forcings
Pathways of climate relevant emissions and concentrations (GHGs, aerosols, ... ) (IPCC: SRES?)
How much can pollutants reflect sunlight?
(Net Aerosol forcing, Faer(IPCC: ??)
Climate System Response Uncertainty
Equilibrium temperature change
How much will global-mean temperature change after oceans, ice, or ecosystems adjust?
(Climate Sensitivity to 2x[CO2], S) (IPCC: 1.5-4.5 K)
Transient climate change
How fast can oceans (and ice) take up excess heat?
(Rate of heat uptake by the deep ocean, Kv) (IPCC: ??)
- Pathways of climate relevant _emissions_ and concentrations (GHGs, aerosols, ... ) (IPCC: SRES?)
- How much can pollutants reflect sunlight?
- (Net Aerosol forcing, Faer(IPCC: ??)
- _Climate System Response Uncertainty_
- Equilibrium temperature change
- How much will global-mean temperature change after oceans, ice, or ecosystems adjust?
- (Climate Sensitivity to 2x[CO2], S) (IPCC: 1.5-4.5 K)
- Transient climate change
- How fast can oceans (and ice) take up excess heat?
- (Rate of heat uptake by the deep ocean, Kv) (IPCC: ??)
- _Major Climate Projection Uncertainties_
## MIT Integrated Global System Model (IGSM)
**MIT Integrated Global System Model (IGSM)**
## Estimating Uncertainty in Climate System Properties: p(S,Kv,FaerTobs)
- Simulate 20th century climate using anthropogenic and natural forcings while systematically varying the choices of climate system properties: S, Kv, and Faer
- Compare each model response against observed T as in optimal fingerprint detection algorithm
- Compare goodness-of-fit statistics to estimate p(S,Kv,FaerTobs) for individual T diagnostics
- Estimate p(S,Kv,FaerTobs) for multiple diagnostics and combine results using Bayes’ Theorem
- see Forest et al. (2002), Science
## MIT 2D Climate Model Description
- 2D statistical-dynamical atmospheric model derived from 3D GISS II AGCM (GSO, 7.86o latitude x 11 vertical layers, GSOVSV, 4o x11 layers with 2.5D ocean and sea-ice) [Sokolov and Stone, 1998]
- Q-flux mixed layer ocean model where temperature anomalies are mixed into deep-ocean. Q-flux held fixed in transient simulations.
- Adjustable model properties: climate sensitivity (S, via cloud feedback strength), rate of deep-ocean heat uptake (via Effective Kv), and net aerosol forcing (Faer, via optical depth)
## Est. p(S,Kv,FaerTobs) (cont.)
- Est. p(S,Kv,FaerTobs) (cont.)
- Compare 20th c. model simulation with observations: T = T(S,Kv,Faer) - Tobs
- use optimal fingerprint detection algorithm to yield goodness-of-fit statistics, r2:
- r2 = TT [CN]-1 T =
- CN = noise estimate from _AOGCM control run_
- r2 ~ mFm, to provide hypothesis test
- From Forest et al. (2001)
## Updated Climate Forcings
- Anthropogenic
- Greenhouse gases (eqCO2 vs CO2, CH4, CFCs, N2O)
- Sulfate Aerosols (emissions updated to 2001)
- Ozone: Stratospheric and Tropospheric (GISS SI2002)
- Vegetation Land-use changes
- Natural
- Volcanic aerosols (Sato et al.)
- Solar forcing (Lean et al.)
- GSO (old work) vs. GSOVSV (new work)
- Both use sulfate aerosols for uncertainty in net forcing
## Climate-change diagnostics (Ti)
- Upper-air temperature changes, latitude-height pattern, [1986-1995] - [1961-1980] (Parker et al. 1997) (M=36x8)
- Deep-ocean temperature trend, global, 0-3km (1952-1995) (Levitus et al. 2000) (M=1)
- Surface temperature change, latitude-time pattern, (1946-1995 decadal means, 1906-1995 climatology, 4 zonal bands) (updated from Jones, 1994) (M=4 x 5)
## Summary of Changes from GSO GSOVSV
- Updated Forcings for 1860-2001
- Updated Greenhouse Gas concentrations
- Updated Sulfur emissions from 1990-2001
- Updated Ozone concentrations
- Added Land-use Vegetation Changes
- Added Volcanic and Solar forcings
- Updated climate model to 4o resolution and included new sea-ice model
- T Diagnostics updated to 2001(future work)
## Marginal 2D p(S,Kv|T)
- 20%
- 1%
- 10%
- 1%
- 10%
- 20% significance level
- Cluster of AOGCMs
- (Sokolov et al., 2003)
- Slow Sea level rise Fast
**GSO**
## Individual r2 distributions
- Upper air
- Deep ocean
- Surface
- Increasing
- Aerosol
- Forcing
- Individual r2 distributions
## Marginal PDFs for S, KV, Faer with Uniform Prior
- Marginal PDFs for S, KV, Faer with Uniform Prior
## Marginal 2D p(S,Kv|T)
- 20%
- 1%
- 10%
- 1%
- 10%
- 20% significance level
- Cluster of AOGCMs
- (Sokolov et al., 2003)
- Slow Sea level rise Fast
**GSO**
## GSOVSV
- 20%
- 1%
- 10%
- 1%
- 10%
- 20% significance level
- Cluster of AOGCMs
- (Sokolov et al., 2003)
- Slow Sea level rise Fast
- Marginal
**GSOVSV**
## No Volcanoes
- Volcanoes
- Two Simulations with Anthropogenic + Natural Forcings
- Major difference is response to volcanic aerosol forcing.
- (CS=3.5 K, KV=9. cm2/s,FA=-0.5w/m2)
## Results
- Quantified p(S,Kv,Faer | T, CN) for two forcing scenarios: GSO (anthropogenic only) and GSOVSV (anthropogenic plus natural).
- Main changes from GSO GSOVSV
- Poorer constraint on high S
- Stronger constraint on high Kv
- Net aerosol forcing estimate is weaker due to volcanic forcing
- Clear dependence on prior for Expert S
## Next steps
- Updating diagnostics
- Ocean temperatures
- Tropospheric temperatures
- Sea ice trends
- Multiple AOGCM estimates of CN
- HadCM3, CCSM, GFDL, ...
- Exploring statistical method | en |
markdown | 127735 | # Presentation: 127735
## Where and How Does MiniBooNE Get its Protons? ( It’s a mystery! ) Peter Kasper
## The Fermilab Accelerator Components
- Preaccelerator
- H- ions from 0 to 750 keV
- Linac
- H- ions from 0.75 to 400 MeV
- Booster
- Protons from 0.4 to 8 GeV
- Beam to MiniBooNE
- Will not discuss the other accelerators:-
- Main Injector: 8 - 120 GeV ( and Recycler storage ring )
- Tevatron: 0.12 - 0.98 TeV
- Antiproton Source ( and Accumulator storage ring )
## The Fermilab Accelerator Complex
## The Preaccelerator
- Consists of a source housed in an electrically charged dome .. The Cockcroft-Walton
- The source converts H2 gas to H- ions
- 480 V ac current and a series of capacitors and diodes is used to charge the dome to -750 keV
- The ionized gas is accelerated through a column from the charged dome to the grounded wall.
## The Cockcroft-Walton Preaccelerator
- The H2 Bottle
- Diodes
## The Linac: a Series of RF Cavities
- An applied AC current induces an oscillating magnetic field which in turn induces and oscillating electric field
- The cavity acts as an LCR circuit and hence has a well defined resonant frequency
- Noise is thereby suppressed
## The Linac: 0.75 - 200 MeV
- Outside
- Inside
## The Linac: 200 - 400 MeV
- Low energy Linac RF is 201 Mhz
- High energy Linac RF is 805 MHz
- The gap spacings vary so that the “nominal” particle is inside each successive gap at the same point on the RF phase curve
- Optimal phase region is < E-max
- Fast particles arrive early and see less field
- Slow particles arrive late and see higher field
- Beam becomes bunched
## Buckets and Bunches
- The part of the RF phase curve in which particles will be accelerated is called an RF bucket
- Only particles in synch with the RF buckets will be accelerated
- The particles in an RF bucket is called a bunch
## Magnets: How We Control Beams
- Beams are transported through vacuum beam pipes with the aid of magnet strings which steer the beam and keep it inside the pipe.
- Dipole Magnets
- Uniform field B perpendicular to beam direction Bends beam in an arc of radius R = P/B
- P is beam momentum
- B is field strength
- Main Injector Dipole Magnet
## The Need for Focussing
- Accelerators and beam lines with only dipole magnets don’t work
- Perturbations to a beam particle’s direction or momentum from the nominal will cause the particle to eventually be lost
- e.g. any small vertical component to its motion will cause it to drift up (or down) until it hits the beam pipe.
- Booster beam does 4000 circuits = 1.9 km & pipe radius is 5 cm therefore beam would need to be collinear to < 0.025 -radians
- Quadrupole Magnets provide focussing similar to optical lenses
- Beam Pipe
- Focussing
- No Focussing
## Quadrupole Magnets
- Field strength varies linearly with vertical or horizontal displacement from beam center.
- Horizontal focussing implies vertical defocussing
- Magnet pairs of opposite polarity give net focussing
- Linac Quadrupole Magnet
- Coils
## Combined Function Magnets
- The main Booster magnets are combined function
- The resulting fields are a linear combination of a dipole field and a quadrupole field.
- Relative quadrupole/dipole strengths are defined by the angle of the wedge shaped aperture
- Horizontally focussing
- Horizontally defocussing
## The Booster
- Consists of a series of magnets and RF cavities arranged in a circle 75.5 meters in radius
- The magnets keep the beam circulating around the ring while the RF cavities accelerate it.
- Initial: K.E. = 0.4 GeV, v = 0.713 c
- Final: K.E. = 8 GeV, v = 0.994 c
- RF varies from 37.8 to 52.8 MHz as v increases
- A Booster batch:
- Length (time): T = 2 * 75.5 / (0.994 c) = 1.6 s
- # Bunches: T/(52.8*1E6) = 84 = harmonic number
## Inside the Booster Tunnel
- RF cavity
- Magnet
## Getting the Beam into the Booster
- Why does the Linac accelerate H- ions whereas all the other machines accelerate protons?
- Multiple Booster turns worth of Linac beam can be injected simultaneously
- Higher beam intensities
- Injection magnet has to turn off before beam completes one full turn
- Stripping foil converts H- ions to protons.
- H-
- Foil
- P+
- P+
- P+
- Ring magnets
- Ring magnets
- Injection magnet
- P+
- P+
## The Acceleration Process
- The Booster has 96 main bending magnets each of which bends the beam by 360/96 = 3.75 degrees
- Low power “trim” magnets are used to make corrections to the beam orbit.
- B field increases as P increases
- The main Booster magnets form part of an LCR circuit which resonates at 15 Hz
- Magnet current varies sinusoidally
- Time between booster pulses is 1/15 = 67 msec
- Linac beam is injected into the Booster at the bottom of the sine wave and extracted 33.3 msec later
## The Acceleration Process II
- The rate of increase in beam momentum has to match the increase in the magnet field strength
- The voltage applied to the RF system varies through the ramp in order to ensure P/B remains constant
- A feedback system is used to do this ( RPOS )
- The horizontal beam position is measured at some convenient point in the ring
- The RF voltage is adjusted such that the beam is held fixed at that point
- Voltage is increased if the beam drifts inwards
- Voltage is decreased if the beam drifts outwards
## Betatron Oscillations
- The quadrupole magnets cause beam particles to oscillate about the nominal beam orbit
- The number of oscillations that a particle undergoes in one turn around the machine is called its tune ( )
- The vertical/horizontal tune is the number of vertical/horizontal oscillations
- The natural tunes for a given machine are defined by the arrangement and field strengths of the quadrupole magnets
- They can be ( and need to be ) slightly different
- Booster: x = 6.7 and y = 6.8
## Instabilities Due to Field Errors
- Integer tunes are unstable w.r.t. dipole field errors
- Small dipole field error in this region
- 1st pass
- 2nd pass
- 3rd pass
- Half integer tunes are unstable w.r.t. quadrupole field errors and so on ..
## Instabilities Due to Field Errors II
- These instabilities are known as tune resonances
- In the general case tune values driven by resonances are given by : m x + n y = k
- m, n, and k are integers
- |m| + |n| is the order of the resonance
- Low order resonances are stronger than high order resonances
- 1st, 2nd, and 3rd order resonances are generally fatal
- Since the particles in the beam typically have different momenta they also have different tunes - tune spread
- In order to avoid losses an accelerator needs to operate in a tune region which avoids all low order resonance lines.
## Transition
- Higher momentum particles
- Get bent less by the dipole magnets
- Travel in larger radius orbits
- Have higher velocities
- The path length differences remain constant as the beam momentum increases
- The velocity differences decrease as the particles become more relativistic
- Transition is the energy at which these two effects cancel
- Below transition high momentum particles reach the RF cavities 1st
- Above transition low momentum particles reach the RF cavities 1st
## Transition II
- The RF phase has to be changed in order to maintain the beam in stable RF buckets
- The transition energy represents a point of instability in the acceleration cycle and is determined by the size of the ring and the strength of the magnets
- For the Booster K.E.transition = 3.26 GeV
- RF voltage
- Time
- Region of stability before transition
- Region of stability after transition
## Other Sources of Instabilities
- Wake Fields
- Bunched beam represents an AC current
- Induces delayed image fields on the walls of the beam pipe
- Induced wake field can interact coherently with trailing bunches or trailing particles of the same bunch to produce coherent motion
- Results in all kinds of bizarre resonances
- Space Charge
- Electrostatic forces tend to blow the beam apart
- Creates large momentum spread large tune spread losses
- Effect is reduced at high energy due to lorentz contraction of E-fields
## Conclusion
- It’s a miracle that machines work at all! | en |
converted_docs | 826710 | **[GENERAL POST FUND (GPF) ACCOUNTS]{.underline}**
**VA Western New York Healthcare System**
**222 Richmond Avenue**
**Batavia, NY 14020**
**GPF 1831 [GENERAL PURPOSE ACCOUNT]{.underline}** -- For purchase of
items to enhance the stay
of veterans, earmarked and unearmarked donations for veteran needs.
**GPF 1838 [PATIENT WELFARE ACCOUNT]{.underline}** -- Provides for
indigent patients and
Patient/Family Dining Program
**GPF 1840 [HOLIDAY ACCOUNT]{.underline}** -- To provide holiday gifts
for residents and activities
**GPF 1841 [TV ACCOUNT]{.underline}** -- To provide television sets for
resident rooms and patient areas
**GPF 1848 [NATIONAL GAMES ACCOUNT]{.underline}** -- Provides funding
assistance for veterans
attending National Games events
**GPF 1930 [BATAVIA RECREATION ACCOUNT]{.underline}** -- Funding for
resident social activities
and refreshments.
**GPF 1933 [WOMEN VETERANS RESIDENTIAL PROGRAM (WVRP)]{.underline}** --
For purchase
of items for support of program, to include recreational activities and
off-station
trips.
**GPF 1935 [PRRP -- MEN]{.underline}** -- For purchase of items to
support the Post Traumatic Stress
Disorder Residential Treatment Program, to include recreational
activities and
off-station trips.
Checks should be sent to: Voluntary Service (135)
VA WNY Healthcare System
222 Richmond Avenue
Batavia, NY 14020-1288
> Phone (585) 297-1196
Toll-free 1-888-798-2302
*The Internal Revenue Service has announced that, under the Tax Code,
donations to the Department of Veterans Affairs General Post Fund for
exclusively public purposes are deductible from federal income taxes in
the manner and to the extent allowable. The announcement reflects the
tax law provision with donations deductible as "donations to the United
States".*
*Donations to support any of the Department's programs are deductible,
whether the donor directs that the donated funds be used for a specific
purpose or allows the Department to decide how the donated funds will be
used.*
| en |
all-txt-docs | 452749 | USGS Digital Spectral Library splib05a
Clark et. al. 2003
ASCII Spectral Data file contents:
line 13 title
line 14 history
line 15 to end: 3-columns of data:
wavelength reflectance standard deviation
(standard deviation of 0.000000 means not measured)
(*************** indicates a deleted number)
----------------------------------------------------
Antigorite NMNH96917 165u W1R1Bb AREF
copy of splib04a r 514
0.205100*************** 0.000000
0.213100*************** 0.000000
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| eu |
log-files | 052966 | Run range is 254800 to 256824
running mipana
6569 pts/28 00:00:00 root
6570 pts/28 00:00:01 root.exe
Processing runMipAna.C("./files.list","miphistos_254800_256824.root")...
Reading files from ./files.list. Writing to miphistos_254800_256824.root
Warning in <TStreamerInfo::BuildCheck>:
The StreamerInfo of class TClcModule read from file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e2dd.005caljp.stn
has the same version (=1) as the active class but a different checksum.
You should update the version to ClassDef(TClcModule,2).
Do not try to write objects with the current class definition,
the files will not be readable.
Chain has 7107 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e2dd.005caljp.stn
Chain has 8654 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e350.0001aljp.stn
Chain has 15080 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e350.001ealjp.stn
Chain has 21444 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e350.0027aljp.stn
Chain has 28155 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e350.003aaljp.stn
Chain has 34853 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e350.0044aljp.stn
Chain has 41148 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e350.004ealjp.stn
Chain has 48296 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e350.0058aljp.stn
Chain has 54679 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e350.0081aljp.stn
Chain has 63591 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e350.00b7aljp.stn
Chain has 70201 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e350.0100aljp.stn
Chain has 78238 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e351.0001aljp.stn
Chain has 86404 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e354.004baljp.stn
Chain has 93961 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e35e.0003aljp.stn
Chain has 101890 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e35e.005daljp.stn
Chain has 111119 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e35e.00bealjp.stn
Chain has 120054 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e35e.0136aljp.stn
Chain has 129467 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e360.0001aljp.stn
Chain has 137539 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e360.0042aljp.stn
Chain has 146940 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e360.00f3aljp.stn
Chain has 153253 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3be.0001aljp.stn
Chain has 158486 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3be.0025aljp.stn
Chain has 164895 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3be.002daljp.stn
Chain has 171747 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3be.0044aljp.stn
Chain has 177881 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3be.004caljp.stn
Chain has 184534 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3be.0053aljp.stn
Chain has 189285 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3be.008aaljp.stn
Chain has 198237 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3cc.0001aljp.stn
Chain has 204755 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3cc.001ealjp.stn
Chain has 211421 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3cc.0029aljp.stn
Chain has 219860 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3cc.0035aljp.stn
Chain has 226753 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3cc.0040aljp.stn
Chain has 233663 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3cc.007baljp.stn
Chain has 240162 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3cc.0096aljp.stn
Chain has 248452 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3cc.00a3aljp.stn
Chain has 255113 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3cc.0103aljp.stn
Chain has 263747 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3cc.018daljp.stn
Chain has 272343 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3cc.019daljp.stn
Chain has 280872 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3cc.01b3aljp.stn
Chain has 290934 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3cc.01c4aljp.stn
Chain has 299298 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3cc.01d5aljp.stn
Chain has 308110 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3cc.0249aljp.stn
Chain has 316632 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3cc.0270aljp.stn
Chain has 325074 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3cc.02abaljp.stn
Chain has 333904 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3cc.033faljp.stn
Chain has 342517 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3cc.036caljp.stn
Chain has 351359 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3cc.05c9aljp.stn
Chain has 359163 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3e6.0001aljp.stn
Chain has 365554 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3e6.0019aljp.stn
Chain has 371874 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3e6.0022aljp.stn
Chain has 378256 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3e6.0029aljp.stn
Chain has 384965 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3e6.0030aljp.stn
Chain has 391229 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3e6.0037aljp.stn
Chain has 396935 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3e6.003ealjp.stn
Chain has 402991 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3e6.004caljp.stn
Chain has 409242 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3e6.0053aljp.stn
Chain has 415367 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3e6.0061aljp.stn
Chain has 420995 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3e6.0068aljp.stn
Chain has 427314 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3e6.0078aljp.stn
Chain has 433366 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3e6.00a0aljp.stn
Chain has 439784 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3e6.00a8aljp.stn
Chain has 446444 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3e6.011baljp.stn
Chain has 452905 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3e6.0146aljp.stn
Chain has 459502 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3e6.018baljp.stn
Chain has 468224 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3ea.0006aljp.stn
Chain has 476375 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3ea.0043aljp.stn
Chain has 482283 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e3eb.0016aljp.stn
Chain has 487734 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e40c.0001aljp.stn
Chain has 494551 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e40c.0016aljp.stn
Chain has 501705 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e40c.002aaljp.stn
Chain has 507300 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e40d.001caljp.stn
Chain has 512392 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e40d.0028aljp.stn
Chain has 517446 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e40d.0038aljp.stn
Chain has 524135 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e40d.004ealjp.stn
Chain has 530391 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e40d.0056aljp.stn
Chain has 536578 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e40d.006baljp.stn
Chain has 543070 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e40d.0072aljp.stn
Chain has 549290 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e40d.0088aljp.stn
Chain has 555428 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e40e.002faljp.stn
Chain has 562311 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e40e.004baljp.stn
Chain has 568494 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e40e.0093aljp.stn
Chain has 575838 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e40f.0001aljp.stn
Chain has 583584 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e40f.0025aljp.stn
Chain has 591094 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e40f.0038aljp.stn
Chain has 599926 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e40f.005daljp.stn
Chain has 606344 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e40f.00b3aljp.stn
Chain has 613608 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e40f.00c5aljp.stn
Chain has 620891 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e40f.0147aljp.stn
Chain has 628277 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e40f.01a9aljp.stn
Chain has 633126 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e434.0001aljp.stn
Chain has 638498 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e434.0028aljp.stn
Chain has 643956 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e434.0036aljp.stn
Chain has 649070 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e434.0051aljp.stn
Chain has 654387 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e434.006daljp.stn
Chain has 661011 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e434.007baljp.stn
Chain has 668661 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e434.0098aljp.stn
Chain has 674225 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e434.00a7aljp.stn
Chain has 681874 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e434.00b7aljp.stn
Chain has 687175 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e434.00d6aljp.stn
Chain has 692821 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e434.00e6aljp.stn
Chain has 698311 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e434.0119aljp.stn
Chain has 703771 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e434.014ealjp.stn
Chain has 709336 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e434.0176aljp.stn
Chain has 717459 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e434.01a4aljp.stn
Chain has 724761 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e434.01baaljp.stn
Chain has 733301 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e43d.0005aljp.stn
Chain has 742085 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e43d.0035aljp.stn
Chain has 750962 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e43d.00b7aljp.stn
Chain has 759798 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e43d.00d9aljp.stn
Chain has 766916 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e45d.0001aljp.stn
Chain has 774421 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e45d.001baljp.stn
Chain has 779834 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e45d.0026aljp.stn
Chain has 786085 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e462.004faljp.stn
Chain has 792833 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e462.0095aljp.stn
Chain has 799449 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e462.00b4aljp.stn
Chain has 806251 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e462.00caaljp.stn
Chain has 812676 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e462.00ebaljp.stn
Chain has 819323 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e462.0146aljp.stn
Chain has 825760 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e462.015ealjp.stn
Chain has 833257 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e462.01b6aljp.stn
Chain has 841785 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e462.01d0aljp.stn
Chain has 847012 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e462.01ddaljp.stn
Chain has 855392 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e462.025faljp.stn
Chain has 862213 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e462.037daljp.stn
Chain has 870905 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e462.03fealjp.stn
Chain has 880009 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e472.00a8aljp.stn
Chain has 888902 after file rootd://fcdfprj1.fnal.gov//cdf/proj/102.calib/validation/254800_256824//jpsi/c003e472.0176aljp.stn
Running over 888902 events
Event 527268 Run 254685 Section 92 InstLum6.11846e+31 *** Run,Event: 254685,574151 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 500 events
*** Run,Event: 254685,618638 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 1000 events
Event 3372875 Run 254800 Section 282 InstLum8.06314e+31 *** Run,Event: 254800,3375530: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 1500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,3417935: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 2000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,3462476: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 2500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,3503234: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 3000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,3544781: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 3500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,3587756: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 4000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,3630831: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 4500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,3819778: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 5000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,3865632: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 5500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,3909594: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 6000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,3950359: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 6500 events
Event 6061 Run 254810 Section 4 InstLum5.32712e+31 *** Run,Event: 254810,43785 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 7000 events
Event 636 Run 254800 Section 1 InstLum1.21256e+32 *** Run,Event: 254800,133860 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 7500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,169076 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 8000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,203883 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 8500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,238426 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 9000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,277116 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 9500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,311989 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 10000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,1184706: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 10500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,1228599: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 11000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,1273433: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 11500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,2560787: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 12000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,2607034: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 12500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,2651541: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 13000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,2694850: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 13500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,2735555: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 14000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,2777717: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 14500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,2823925: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 15000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,367768 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 15500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,409076 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 16000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,448090 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 16500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,488902 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 17000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,533443 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 17500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,580091 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 18000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,1882787: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 18500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,1927132: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 19000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,1975893: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 19500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,4690531: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 20000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,4733681: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 20500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,4778771: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 21000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,607224 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 21500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,649563 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 22000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,692076 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 22500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,735353 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 23000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,3001547: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 23500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,3043464: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 24000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,3089027: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 24500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,4276781: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 25000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,4318694: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 25500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,4361658: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 26000 events
Event 3841 Run 254804 Section 3 InstLum6.56671e+31 *** Run,Event: 254804,71511 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 26500 events
*** Run,Event: 254804,107429 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 27000 events
*** Run,Event: 254804,143774 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 27500 events
*** Run,Event: 254804,180320 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 28000 events
Event 742284 Run 254800 Section 68 InstLum1.04692e+32 *** Run,Event: 254800,772883 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 28500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,814466 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 29000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,859659 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 29500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,2424308: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 30000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,2464931: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 30500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,2507341: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 31000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,2549908: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 31500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,2868843: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 32000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,2910035: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 32500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,2956105: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 33000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,3691842: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 33500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,3732469: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 34000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,3773811: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 34500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,900968 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 35000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,946113 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 35500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,988103 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 36000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,1307384: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 36500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,1350076: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 37000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,1392718: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 37500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,1435372: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 38000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,2169972: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 38500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,2213629: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 39000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,2259302: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 39500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,3272762: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 40000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,3318074: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 40500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,3360383: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 41000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,1062116: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 41500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,1106752: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 42000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,1151232: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 42500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,1468532: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 43000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,1513186: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 43500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,1554108: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 44000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,2006650: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 44500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,2051098: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 45000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,2091983: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 45500 events
Event 193517 Run 254804 Section 39 InstLum6.40443e+31 *** Run,Event: 254804,194234 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 46000 events
*** Run,Event: 254804,235785 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 46500 events
*** Run,Event: 254804,278504 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 47000 events
*** Run,Event: 254804,321018 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 47500 events
Event 334444 Run 254807 Section 67 InstLum5.52823e+31 *** Run,Event: 254807,363286 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 48000 events
Event 1588000 Run 254800 Section 129 InstLum9.66408e+31 *** Run,Event: 254800,1603666: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 48500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,1652030: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 49000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,1693395: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 49500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,1735770: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 50000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,1781617: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 50500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,1824114: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 51000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,4101916: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 51500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,4145659: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 52000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,4189282: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 52500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,4237071: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 53000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,4425350: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 53500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,4467151: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 54000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,4508876: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 54500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,2293197: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 55000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,2336148: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 55500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,2376456: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 56000 events
Event 334323 Run 254804 Section 57 InstLum6.31211e+31 *** Run,Event: 254804,338079 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 56500 events
*** Run,Event: 254804,381387 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 57000 events
*** Run,Event: 254804,423698 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 57500 events
*** Run,Event: 254804,466836 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 58000 events
Event 2375816 Run 254814 Section 446 InstLum3.94593e+31 *** Run,Event: 254814,2415004: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 58500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,2464917: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 59000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,2511805: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 59500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,2751703: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 60000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,2806673: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 60500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,2857559: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 61000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,2907899: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 61500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,2960826: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 62000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,3007127: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 62500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,3054560: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 63000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,3102524: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 63500 events
Event 3096405 Run 254800 Section 256 InstLum8.28676e+31 *** Run,Event: 254800,3129401: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 64000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,3170623: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 64500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,3213990: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 65000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,3971159: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 65500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,4015449: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 66000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,4059276: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 66500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,4530433: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 67000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,4573633: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 67500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,4617584: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 68000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,4658824: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 68500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,4845405: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 69000 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,4886711: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 69500 events
*** Run,Event: 254800,4931979: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 70000 events
Event 588 Run 254801 Section 1 InstLum6.67223e+31Event 226484 Run 254814 Section 50 InstLum4.85353e+31 *** Run,Event: 254814,250651 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 70500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,292470 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 71000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,331054 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 71500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,369661 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 72000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,409967 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 72500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,1191690: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 73000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,1243214: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 73500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,1295564: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 74000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,1343366: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 74500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,1392455: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 75000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,1442452: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 75500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,1487868: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 76000 events
Event 1519124 Run 254816 Section 336 InstLum2.84247e+31 *** Run,Event: 254816,1556720: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 76500 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,1611473: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 77000 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,1668233: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 77500 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,1718304: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 78000 events
Event 3296164 Run 254910 Section 206 InstLum1.09807e+32Event 476640 Run 254804 Section 75 InstLum6.22899e+31 *** Run,Event: 254804,499320 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 78500 events
Event 2504 Run 254807 Section 2 InstLum5.80078e+31 *** Run,Event: 254807,88179 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 79000 events
*** Run,Event: 254807,124828 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 79500 events
*** Run,Event: 254807,165009 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 80000 events
*** Run,Event: 254807,204653 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 80500 events
*** Run,Event: 254807,250474 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 81000 events
*** Run,Event: 254807,292670 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 81500 events
*** Run,Event: 254807,331610 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 82000 events
Event 1111 Run 254812 Section 2 InstLum5.25589e+31 *** Run,Event: 254812,71014 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 82500 events
*** Run,Event: 254812,103870 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 83000 events
*** Run,Event: 254812,137491 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 83500 events
*** Run,Event: 254812,168586 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 84000 events
*** Run,Event: 254812,199325 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 84500 events
*** Run,Event: 254812,230148 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 85000 events
*** Run,Event: 254812,259735 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 85500 events
*** Run,Event: 254812,293456 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 86000 events
Event 645 Run 254814 Section 3 InstLum4.99802e+31 *** Run,Event: 254814,55838 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 86500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,94668 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 87000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,133363 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 87500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,176662 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 88000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,214741 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 88500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,1880593: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 89000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,1930423: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 89500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,1980382: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 90000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,4066993: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 90500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,4124491: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 91000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,4174338: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 91500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,4229154: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 92000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,4287100: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 92500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,4344830: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 93000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,4406237: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 93500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,419458 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 94000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,460545 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 94500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,502494 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 95000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,547175 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 95500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,597107 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 96000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,644329 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 96500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,690299 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 97000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,736010 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 97500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,779859 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 98000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,824484 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 98500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,867351 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 99000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,913328 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 99500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,963184 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 100000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,1536559: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 100500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,1588135: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 101000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,1635132: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 101500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,984662 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 102000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,1034070: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 102500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,1083218: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 103000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,1128446: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 103500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,2586266: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 104000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,2637836: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 104500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,2686277: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 105000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,2736849: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 105500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,3146050: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 106000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,3201349: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 106500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,3251403: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 107000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,3304262: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 107500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,3354165: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 108000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,3405706: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 108500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,3456037: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 109000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,3506362: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 109500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,3553471: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 110000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,3602746: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 110500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,3653870: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 111000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,1709784: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 111500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,1755232: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 112000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,1806697: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 112500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,2036278: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 113000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,2086585: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 113500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,2135726: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 114000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,2184849: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 114500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,2232081: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 115000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,2281150: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 115500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,2334592: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 116000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,3672219: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 116500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,3718583: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 117000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,3769336: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 117500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,3819970: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 118000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,3875665: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 118500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,3935226: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 119000 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,3992954: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 119500 events
*** Run,Event: 254814,4051459: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 120000 events
Event 13691 Run 254816 Section 9 InstLum3.22662e+31 *** Run,Event: 254816,90766 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 120500 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,141015 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 121000 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,194495 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 121500 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,254898 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 122000 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,516134 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 122500 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,578017 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 123000 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,633021 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 123500 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,691249 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 124000 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,744035 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 124500 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,801784 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 125000 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,858267 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 125500 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,913812 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 126000 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,973793 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 126500 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,1027766: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 127000 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,1086402: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 127500 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,2190652: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 128000 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,2250536: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 128500 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,2311054: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 129000 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,271013 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 129500 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,331039 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 130000 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,388740 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 130500 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,440625 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 131000 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,2602087: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 131500 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,2661126: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 132000 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,2717666: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 132500 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,2773849: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 133000 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,2830442: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 133500 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,2889467: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 134000 events
Event 1571556 Run 254910 Section 98 InstLum1.2724e+32 *** Run,Event: 254910,1579947: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 134500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,1622010: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 135000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,1663788: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 135500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,3171337: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 136000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,3209608: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 136500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,3249678: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 137000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,3293237: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 137500 events
Event 1102128 Run 254816 Section 243 InstLum2.95298e+31 *** Run,Event: 254816,1151706: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 138000 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,1205865: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 138500 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,1261736: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 139000 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,1320310: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 139500 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,1371960: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 140000 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,1431588: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 140500 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,1486949: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 141000 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,1748368: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 141500 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,1805826: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 142000 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,1859283: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 142500 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,1913480: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 143000 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,1968761: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 143500 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,2024870: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 144000 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,2084226: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 144500 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,2144610: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 145000 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,2410632: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 145500 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,2468953: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 146000 events
*** Run,Event: 254816,2524440: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 146500 events
Event 1535 Run 254910 Section 1 InstLum1.48156e+32 *** Run,Event: 254910,191744 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 147000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,355271 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 147500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,392442 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 148000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,432347 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 148500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,2150812: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 149000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,2191218: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 149500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,2235744: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 150000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,2534694: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 150500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,2580679: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 151000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,2622362: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 151500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,2926976: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 152000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,2968001: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 152500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,3008248: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 153000 events
Event 281 Run 254913 Section 1 InstLum1.05744e+32Event 436363 Run 254910 Section 37 InstLum1.387e+32 *** Run,Event: 254910,454021 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 153500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,492766 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 154000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,529434 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 154500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,565024 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 155000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,748577 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 155500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,789549 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 156000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,831544 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 156500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,875589 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 157000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,922714 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 157500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,965956 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 158000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,583131 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 158500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,624130 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 159000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,664507 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 159500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,703832 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 160000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,1860969: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 160500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,1903627: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 161000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,1945663: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 161500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,1989077: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 162000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,2030991: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 162500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,2073365: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 163000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,2644362: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 163500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,2685680: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 164000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,2726080: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 164500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,1016245: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 165000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,1063330: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 165500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,1109431: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 166000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,1153769: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 166500 events
Event 1881142 Run 254924 Section 176 InstLum8.16312e+31 *** Run,Event: 254924,1917362: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 167000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,1960617: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 167500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,2002294: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 168000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,6045613: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 168500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,6088933: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 169000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,6131829: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 169500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,11852519: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 170000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,11905097: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 170500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,11954730: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 171000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,12003502: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 171500 events
Event 1159670 Run 254910 Section 76 InstLum1.30957e+32 *** Run,Event: 254910,1181632: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 172000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,1227635: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 172500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,1273688: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 173000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,1454532: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 173500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,1502701: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 174000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,1542247: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 174500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,1713593: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 175000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,1759755: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 175500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,1803979: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 176000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,2389502: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 176500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,2434794: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 177000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,2478054: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 177500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,1304983: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 178000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,1347994: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 178500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,1393903: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 179000 events
Event 2024417 Run 254924 Section 189 InstLum8.0758e+31 *** Run,Event: 254924,2035645: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 179500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,2078438: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 180000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,2121241: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 180500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,3193137: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 181000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,3236424: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 181500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,3281198: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 182000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,3320869: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 182500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,6645523: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 183000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,6686947: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 183500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,6731055: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 184000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,6770558: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 184500 events
Event 2250956 Run 254910 Section 138 InstLum1.1783e+32 *** Run,Event: 254910,2291694: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 185000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,2330532: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 185500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,2371752: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 186000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,2790515: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 186500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,2833336: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 187000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,2875476: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 187500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,3049588: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 188000 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,3093443: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 188500 events
*** Run,Event: 254910,3134953: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 189000 events
Event 6287 Run 254924 Section 2 InstLum9.72965e+31 *** Run,Event: 254924,83703 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 189500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,115197 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 190000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,147442 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 190500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,180439 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 191000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,10973351: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 191500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,11023571: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 192000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,11073426: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 192500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,12041789: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 193000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,12092763: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 193500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,12145940: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 194000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,12196852: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 194500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,12252562: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 195000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,12305978: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 195500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,12361142: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 196000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,13790366: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 196500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,13850948: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 197000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,13910158: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 197500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,13964722: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 198000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,203684 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 198500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,240211 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 199000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,281562 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 199500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,899786 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 200000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,940863 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 200500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,981280 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 201000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,1024916: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 201500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,1069071: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 202000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,1115404: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 202500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,1160144: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 203000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,2645261: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 203500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,2687225: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 204000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,2728882: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 204500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,333459 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 205000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,379341 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 205500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,423814 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 206000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,3347451: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 206500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,3394380: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 207000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,3438628: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 207500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,3482680: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 208000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,3525885: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 208500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,3572004: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 209000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,3614808: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 209500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,3657879: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 210000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,3700576: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 210500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,3744399: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 211000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,465397 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 211500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,512629 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 212000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,556133 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 212500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,1165361: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 213000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,1209226: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 213500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,1254098: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 214000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,1299449: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 214500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,1489729: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 215000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,1530554: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 215500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,1571281: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 216000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,13597409: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 216500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,13655074: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 217000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,13714067: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 217500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,13776157: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 218000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,14051655: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 218500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,14110337: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 219000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,14165314: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 219500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,608806 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 220000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,651496 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 220500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,693485 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 221000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,740690 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 221500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,786403 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 222000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,829691 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 222500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,868839 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 223000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,12435063: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 223500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,12488446: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 224000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,12542820: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 224500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,12595893: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 225000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,13420506: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 225500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,13479198: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 226000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,13541986: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 226500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,1330262: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 227000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,1373349: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 227500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,1420443: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 228000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,3053971: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 228500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,3096007: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 229000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,3139747: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 229500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,3187564: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 230000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,7567039: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 230500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,7611676: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 231000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,7657397: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 231500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,9537897: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 232000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,9587249: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 232500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,9637174: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 233000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,9686139: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 233500 events
Event 5668 Run 254931 Section 6 InstLum2.53145e+31Event 1595996 Run 254924 Section 150 InstLum8.36631e+31 *** Run,Event: 254924,1623854: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 234000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,1667925: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 234500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,1713789: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 235000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,2183481: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 235500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,2228491: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 236000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,2271428: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 236500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,2314384: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 237000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,2358838: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 237500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,2404625: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 238000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,2451703: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 238500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,2497112: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 239000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,2542595: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 239500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,2589321: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 240000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,1769199: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 240500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,1811171: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 241000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,1857488: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 241500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,7861601: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 242000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,7905095: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 242500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,7948838: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 243000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,7991445: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 243500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,8039551: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 244000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,8082730: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 244500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,8127071: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 245000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,11683399: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 245500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,11736172: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 246000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,11787182: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 246500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,11843157: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 247000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,14693751: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 247500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,14750297: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 248000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,2756718: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 248500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,2800338: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 249000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,2839438: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 249500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,2885176: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 250000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,2930202: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 250500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,2974755: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 251000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,3020037: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 251500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,3800597: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 252000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,3847667: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 252500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,3893229: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 253000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,3936667: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 253500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,3980268: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 254000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,4025272: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 254500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,4068989: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 255000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,4112524: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 255500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,4154536: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 256000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,4195680: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 256500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,5431562: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 257000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,5476992: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 257500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,5521847: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 258000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,5565643: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 258500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,6511172: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 259000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,6559559: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 259500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,6602307: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 260000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,9373509: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 260500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,9423111: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 261000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,9473571: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 261500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,10061461: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 262000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,10109611: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 262500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,10160237: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 263000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,10209153: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 263500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,4246676: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 264000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,4293481: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 264500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,4339189: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 265000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,8834746: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 265500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,8884520: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 266000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,8931532: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 266500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,8981708: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 267000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,10623223: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 267500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,10671201: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 268000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,10721032: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 268500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,10771440: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 269000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,10822889: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 269500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,10874268: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 270000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,10922333: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 270500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,11150432: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 271000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,11203468: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 271500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,11254657: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 272000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,4385524: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 272500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,4436256: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 273000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,4483163: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 273500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,8488485: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 274000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,8538361: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 274500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,8588108: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 275000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,8638663: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 275500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,9038146: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 276000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,9086352: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 276500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,9136091: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 277000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,9186807: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 277500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,9238192: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 278000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,9289923: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 278500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,9339660: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 279000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,14479963: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 279500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,14539847: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 280000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,14594636: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 280500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,4531122: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 281000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,4569906: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 281500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,4615182: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 282000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,4659375: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 282500 events
Event 852 Run 254934 Section 1 InstLum2.41671e+31 *** Run,Event: 254934,102520 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 283000 events
*** Run,Event: 254934,161356 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 283500 events
*** Run,Event: 254934,221692 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 284000 events
*** Run,Event: 254934,283606 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 284500 events
*** Run,Event: 254934,346287 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 285000 events
*** Run,Event: 254934,411287 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 285500 events
*** Run,Event: 254934,477671 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 286000 events
*** Run,Event: 254934,763048 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 286500 events
*** Run,Event: 254934,822066 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 287000 events
*** Run,Event: 254934,881935 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 287500 events
*** Run,Event: 254934,939752 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 288000 events
*** Run,Event: 254934,999556 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 288500 events
*** Run,Event: 254934,1060113: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 289000 events
Event 2421 Run 254949 Section 1 InstLum1.64084e+32 *** Run,Event: 254949,202151 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 289500 events
*** Run,Event: 254949,443111 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 290000 events
*** Run,Event: 254949,473867 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 290500 events
Event 4666927 Run 254924 Section 469 InstLum6.59006e+31 *** Run,Event: 254924,4673011: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 291000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,4717935: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 291500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,4761329: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 292000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,4806300: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 292500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,4854307: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 293000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,4899729: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 293500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,4946494: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 294000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,4993303: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 294500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,5035212: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 295000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,5078369: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 295500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,5119518: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 296000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,5167332: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 296500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,5211253: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 297000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,5260290: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 297500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,5300421: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 298000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,5347762: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 298500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,5389456: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 299000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,5585611: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 299500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,5629269: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 300000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,5671638: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 300500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,5716747: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 301000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,5759468: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 301500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,5804339: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 302000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,5851544: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 302500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,6794672: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 303000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,6836152: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 303500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,6877009: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 304000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,6921162: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 304500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,10458643: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 305000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,10507858: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 305500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,10555200: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 306000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,11304134: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 306500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,11359805: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 307000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,11410765: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 307500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,11462197: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 308000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,5908716: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 308500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,5953489: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 309000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,5998702: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 309500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,6190263: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 310000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,6236320: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 310500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,6283062: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 311000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,6930805: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 311500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,6978157: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 312000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,7020486: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 312500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,7064298: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 313000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,7106754: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 313500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,7150437: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 314000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,7195668: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 314500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,7240438: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 315000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,7284520: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 315500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,7324029: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 316000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,7366909: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 316500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,6354768: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 317000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,6397699: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 317500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,6440163: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 318000 events
Event 521204 Run 254934 Section 157 InstLum2.25056e+31 *** Run,Event: 254934,538828 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 318500 events
*** Run,Event: 254934,598648 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 319000 events
*** Run,Event: 254934,654071 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 319500 events
*** Run,Event: 254934,714537 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 320000 events
Event 5877710 Run 254950 Section 407 InstLum8.71725e+31 *** Run,Event: 254950,5902771: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 320500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,5948648: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 321000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,5989909: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 321500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,8047084: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 322000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,8091831: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 322500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,8137546: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 323000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,8624177: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 323500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,8668448: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 324000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,8712715: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 324500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,8754241: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 325000 events
Event 7378601 Run 254924 Section 831 InstLum5.34109e+31 *** Run,Event: 254924,7414844: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 325500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,7458531: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 326000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,7502517: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 326500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,8324081: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 327000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,8372814: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 327500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,8422983: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 328000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,8471161: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 328500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,8690333: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 329000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,8740450: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 329500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,8789590: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 330000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,9896487: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 330500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,9946105: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 331000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,9996383: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 331500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,10045671: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 332000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,10276281: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 332500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,10323059: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 333000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,10375314: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 333500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,7692060: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 334000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,7736554: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 334500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,7781779: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 335000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,7825733: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 335500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,8177794: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 336000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,8222456: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 336500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,8267418: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 337000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,9712825: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 337500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,9762273: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 338000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,9814640: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 338500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,9866292: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 339000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,14254192: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 339500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,14310783: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 340000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,14365991: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 340500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,14425729: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 341000 events
Event 2370 Run 254928 Section 3 InstLum2.95601e+31 *** Run,Event: 254928,105089 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 341500 events
*** Run,Event: 254928,155636 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 342000 events
*** Run,Event: 254928,206219 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 342500 events
Event 11472864 Run 254924 Section 1481 InstLum3.96327e+31 *** Run,Event: 254924,11525785: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 343000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,11577345: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 343500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,11629829: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 344000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,12625969: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 344500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,12675977: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 345000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,12729297: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 345500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,12779589: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 346000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,12834648: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 346500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,12887741: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 347000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,12936330: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 347500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,12989549: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 348000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,13048834: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 348500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,13101401: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 349000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,13157107: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 349500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,13208542: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 350000 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,13265198: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 350500 events
*** Run,Event: 254924,13322291: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 351000 events
Event 1381 Run 254950 Section 1 InstLum1.42085e+32 *** Run,Event: 254950,122945 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 351500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,205957 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 352000 events
Event 226384 Run 254954 Section 47 InstLum5.79203e+31 *** Run,Event: 254954,256554 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 352500 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,304692 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 353000 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,350476 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 353500 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,567889 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 354000 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,616027 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 354500 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,667635 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 355000 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,718828 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 355500 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,931644 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 356000 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,979013 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 356500 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,1026640: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 357000 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,1405375: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 357500 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,1454362: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 358000 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,1503187: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 358500 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,1554342: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 359000 events
Event 236655 Run 254950 Section 25 InstLum1.36891e+32 *** Run,Event: 254950,292384 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 359500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,333240 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 360000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,373585 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 360500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,5476326: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 361000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,5521721: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 361500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,5565445: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 362000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,6029754: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 362500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,6073334: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 363000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,6115119: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 363500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,7291329: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 364000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,7338588: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 364500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,7380396: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 365000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,7422431: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 365500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,422083 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 366000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,461069 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 366500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,503878 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 367000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,2984306: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 367500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,3029368: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 368000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,3072425: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 368500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,4634515: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 369000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,4676045: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 369500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,4719914: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 370000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,9067408: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 370500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,9111987: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 371000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,9155087: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 371500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,524354 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 372000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,567151 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 372500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,612992 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 373000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,1823207: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 373500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,1865976: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 374000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,1908441: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 374500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,3644812: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 375000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,3688478: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 375500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,3732963: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 376000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,3777920: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 376500 events
Event 1234513 Run 254954 Section 174 InstLum5.41305e+31 *** Run,Event: 254954,1274370: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 377000 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,1325489: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 377500 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,1375100: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 378000 events
Event 654351 Run 254950 Section 48 InstLum1.3303e+32 *** Run,Event: 254950,676495 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 378500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,718325 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 379000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,764321 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 379500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,7890443: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 380000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,7932840: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 380500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,7976619: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 381000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,8019755: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 381500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,8363361: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 382000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,8404743: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 382500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,8448697: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 383000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,8489991: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 383500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,8532066: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 384000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,8574280: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 384500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,795393 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 385000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,837700 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 385500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,884319 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 386000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,2075593: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 386500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,2117855: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 387000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,2155715: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 387500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,2196766: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 388000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,6188545: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 388500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,6233029: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 389000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,6276259: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 389500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,6748737: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 390000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,6792727: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 390500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,6839289: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 391000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,951491 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 391500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,997882 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 392000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,1045101: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 392500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,1091207: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 393000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,1137289: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 393500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,1182266: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 394000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,1478058: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 394500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,1520974: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 395000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,3928761: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 395500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,3975519: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 396000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,4020855: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 396500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,1195710: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 397000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,1238960: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 397500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,1285430: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 398000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,2215820: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 398500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,2254299: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 399000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,2294381: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 399500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,2335813: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 400000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,2379074: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 400500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,2419629: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 401000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,3791265: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 401500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,3836756: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 402000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,3885013: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 402500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,1319071: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 403000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,1361353: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 403500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,1404820: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 404000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,2459245: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 404500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,2497337: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 405000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,2539615: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 405500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,8772717: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 406000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,8817459: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 406500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,8859785: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 407000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,8903468: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 407500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,8944924: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 408000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,8987467: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 408500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,9032726: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 409000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,1588002: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 409500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,1635042: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 410000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,1678323: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 410500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,3543600: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 411000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,3587400: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 411500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,3631941: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 412000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,6605684: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 412500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,6648670: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 413000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,6693293: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 413500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,6878869: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 414000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,6919492: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 414500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,6960934: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 415000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,1698009: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 415500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,1740183: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 416000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,1778968: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 416500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,3369566: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 417000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,3413836: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 417500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,3457377: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 418000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,3501317: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 418500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,4498534: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 419000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,4544024: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 419500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,4585736: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 420000 events
Event 2412684 Run 254954 Section 337 InstLum4.99158e+31 *** Run,Event: 254954,2437699: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 420500 events
Event 1946817 Run 254950 Section 120 InstLum1.1957e+32 *** Run,Event: 254950,1946986: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 421000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,1989382: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 421500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,2030615: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 422000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,2069804: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 422500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,3265514: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 423000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,3310866: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 423500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,3357799: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 424000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,4098097: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 424500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,4142155: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 425000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,4185158: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 425500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,6461462: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 426000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,6504584: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 426500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,6547378: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 427000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,2587128: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 427500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,2626000: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 428000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,2670969: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 428500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,2842045: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 429000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,2887606: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 429500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,2930915: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 430000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,3114318: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 430500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,3161939: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 431000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,3207305: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 431500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,7161972: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 432000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,7207519: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 432500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,7252818: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 433000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,2703096: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 433500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,2742834: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 434000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,2781706: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 434500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,2821101: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 435000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,4240780: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 435500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,4285236: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 436000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,4328426: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 436500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,4791514: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 437000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,4831841: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 437500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,4874925: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 438000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,5193418: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 438500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,5236066: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 439000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,5279672: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 439500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,4350321: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 440000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,4390326: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 440500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,4433675: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 441000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,7442924: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 441500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,7487195: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 442000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,7532692: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 442500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,7575260: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 443000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,7617999: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 443500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,7659369: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 444000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,7702974: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 444500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,7743687: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 445000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,7788641: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 445500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,7832181: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 446000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,4897704: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 446500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,4943052: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 447000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,4986174: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 447500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,5028325: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 448000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,5069037: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 448500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,5112773: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 449000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,5160758: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 449500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,5340806: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 450000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,5381502: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 450500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,5423035: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 451000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,5612802: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 451500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,5657904: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 452000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,5701580: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 452500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,5746526: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 453000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,5787919: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 453500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,5832449: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 454000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,6288163: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 454500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,6335424: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 455000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,6378521: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 455500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,6422731: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 456000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,7027492: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 456500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,7069567: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 457000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,7115684: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 457500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,8193682: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 458000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,8235684: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 458500 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,8277054: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 459000 events
*** Run,Event: 254950,8321568: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 459500 events
Event 1114 Run 254954 Section 6 InstLum5.90577e+31 *** Run,Event: 254954,108265 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 460000 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,146415 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 460500 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,193674 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 461000 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,748709 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 461500 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,797366 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 462000 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,849330 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 462500 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,900205 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 463000 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,1615635: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 463500 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,1664616: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 464000 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,1713116: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 464500 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,1762130: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 465000 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,1811460: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 465500 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,1859210: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 466000 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,2246971: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 466500 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,2295087: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 467000 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,2346932: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 467500 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,2390751: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 468000 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,416329 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 468500 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,468004 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 469000 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,514260 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 469500 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,1069117: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 470000 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,1114283: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 470500 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,1161601: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 471000 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,1207315: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 471500 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,1927204: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 472000 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,1972038: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 472500 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,2021055: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 473000 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,2073913: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 473500 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,2119246: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 474000 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,2165215: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 474500 events
*** Run,Event: 254954,2215577: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 475000 events
Event 3587 Run 254958 Section 3 InstLum4.41406e+31 *** Run,Event: 254958,63841 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 475500 events
*** Run,Event: 254958,105425 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 476000 events
Event 830 Run 254962 Section 17 InstLum4.19018e+31Event 5578 Run 254955 Section 24 InstLum4.75961e+31 *** Run,Event: 254955,71089 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 476500 events
*** Run,Event: 254955,119313 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 477000 events
*** Run,Event: 254955,165311 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 477500 events
*** Run,Event: 254955,214451 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 478000 events
Event 1985261 Run 254989 Section 122 InstLum1.27164e+32 *** Run,Event: 254989,2010451: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 478500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,2056883: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 479000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,2099688: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 479500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,2390865: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 480000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,2434015: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 480500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,2476831: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 481000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,3428028: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 481500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,3468256: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 482000 events
Event 4242530 Run 254990 Section 349 InstLum8.15483e+31Event 2504 Run 254988 Section 1 InstLum1.64882e+32 *** Run,Event: 254988,430162 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 482500 events
*** Run,Event: 254988,558239 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 483000 events
Event 2706 Run 254989 Section 1 InstLum1.48839e+32 *** Run,Event: 254989,1616101: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 483500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,1661936: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 484000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,1707232: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 484500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,2782821: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 485000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,2828746: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 485500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,2872103: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 486000 events
Event 1699294 Run 254990 Section 136 InstLum9.76017e+31 *** Run,Event: 254990,1733787: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 486500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,1779129: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 487000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,1822063: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 487500 events
Event 227284 Run 254988 Section 22 InstLum1.59437e+32 *** Run,Event: 254988,367698 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 488000 events
Event 3268286 Run 254989 Section 198 InstLum1.16991e+32 *** Run,Event: 254989,3302567: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 488500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,3344999: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 489000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,3385308: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 489500 events
Event 207603 Run 254990 Section 28 InstLum1.11359e+32 *** Run,Event: 254990,235154 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 490000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,273167 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 490500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,312542 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 491000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,2829458: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 491500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,2872769: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 492000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,2915087: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 492500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,2960301: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 493000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,3004201: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 493500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,3051236: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 494000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,3093927: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 494500 events
Event 561565 Run 254988 Section 42 InstLum1.54634e+32 *** Run,Event: 254988,612294 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 495000 events
Event 2111486 Run 254989 Section 129 InstLum1.26505e+32 *** Run,Event: 254989,2129466: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 495500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,2170848: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 496000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,2214722: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 496500 events
Event 3385065 Run 254990 Section 272 InstLum8.74355e+31 *** Run,Event: 254990,3405877: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 497000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,3449566: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 497500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,3494726: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 498000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,3970077: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 498500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,4008529: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 499000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,4056555: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 499500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,4095637: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 500000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,4137558: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 500500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,4181815: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 501000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,4223957: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 501500 events
Event 267313 Run 254989 Section 28 InstLum1.43201e+32 *** Run,Event: 254989,420402 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 502000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,608487 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 502500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,646931 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 503000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,689525 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 503500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,725980 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 504000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,1473160: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 504500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,1519512: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 505000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,1562623: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 505500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,3161595: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 506000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,3204568: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 506500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,3243449: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 507000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,461828 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 507500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,498128 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 508000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,537275 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 508500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,572977 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 509000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,1058247: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 509500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,1098288: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 510000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,1139833: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 510500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,2492850: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 511000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,2535655: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 511500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,2578756: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 512000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,754108 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 512500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,791894 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 513000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,837814 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 513500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,876605 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 514000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,920819 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 514500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,962387 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 515000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,1007103: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 515500 events
Event 3668428 Run 254990 Section 297 InstLum8.48524e+31 *** Run,Event: 254990,3683144: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 516000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,3729204: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 516500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,3774839: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 517000 events
Event 1170574 Run 254989 Section 78 InstLum1.33693e+32 *** Run,Event: 254989,1174551: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 517500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,1219077: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 518000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,1258263: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 518500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,1303188: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 519000 events
Event 1719 Run 254990 Section 1 InstLum1.14183e+32 *** Run,Event: 254990,112925 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 519500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,147098 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 520000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,180355 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 520500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,3254530: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 521000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,3297588: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 521500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,3342333: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 522000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,3527648: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 522500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,3569881: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 523000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,3612849: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 523500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,3656349: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 524000 events
Event 1315756 Run 254989 Section 86 InstLum1.32837e+32 *** Run,Event: 254989,1349494: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 524500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,1391036: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 525000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,1435160: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 525500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,2643294: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 526000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,2685090: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 526500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,2726238: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 527000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,2899246: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 527500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,2940158: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 528000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,2984262: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 528500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,3026824: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 529000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,3068312: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 529500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,3108125: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 530000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,1723779: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 530500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,1770340: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 531000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,1813656: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 531500 events
Event 334397 Run 254990 Section 38 InstLum1.10187e+32 *** Run,Event: 254990,345935 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 532000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,389524 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 532500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,429268 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 533000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,1161188: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 533500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,1203927: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 534000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,1244747: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 534500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,2118164: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 535000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,2163234: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 535500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,2207296: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 536000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,2252557: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 536500 events
Event 1845151 Run 254989 Section 114 InstLum1.28811e+32 *** Run,Event: 254989,1882023: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 537000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,1927487: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 537500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,1971531: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 538000 events
Event 1973098 Run 254990 Section 157 InstLum9.56506e+31 *** Run,Event: 254990,2004828: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 538500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,2046829: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 539000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,2090419: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 539500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,2691086: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 540000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,2733648: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 540500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,2773024: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 541000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,3821995: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 541500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,3865170: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 542000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,3908243: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 542500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,3951948: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 543000 events
Event 2236614 Run 254989 Section 136 InstLum1.2557e+32 *** Run,Event: 254989,2270318: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 543500 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,2311886: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 544000 events
*** Run,Event: 254989,2352513: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 544500 events
Event 1013735 Run 254990 Section 85 InstLum1.02023e+32 *** Run,Event: 254990,1048778: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 545000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,1094637: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 545500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,1139077: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 546000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,1316264: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 546500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,1360424: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 547000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,1403771: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 547500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,1447684: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 548000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,1492936: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 548500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,1538274: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 549000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,477437 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 549500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,522160 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 550000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,567944 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 550500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,612797 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 551000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,659313 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 551500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,704728 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 552000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,750220 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 552500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,794155 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 553000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,835524 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 553500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,1573550: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 554000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,1616210: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 554500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,1661535: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 555000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,877324 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 555500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,923086 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 556000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,968282 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 556500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,1009005: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 557000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,2570677: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 557500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,2613848: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 558000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,2655665: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 558500 events
Event 2040681 Run 254991 Section 251 InstLum6.67987e+31 *** Run,Event: 254991,2069846: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 559000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,2112242: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 559500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,2157760: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 560000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,2196608: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 560500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,2857936: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 561000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,2900194: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 561500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,2944042: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 562000 events
Event 1840395 Run 254990 Section 147 InstLum9.65937e+31 *** Run,Event: 254990,1856960: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 562500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,1900481: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 563000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,1946772: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 563500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,2277166: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 564000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,2324748: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 564500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,2370137: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 565000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,2413900: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 565500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,2456256: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 566000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,2497429: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 566500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,3107371: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 567000 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,3152979: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 567500 events
*** Run,Event: 254990,3197382: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 568000 events
Event 3505 Run 254991 Section 2 InstLum7.79221e+31 *** Run,Event: 254991,21292 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 568500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,101795 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 569000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,137882 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 569500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,173707 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 570000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,1117782: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 570500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,1160646: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 571000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,1200512: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 571500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,1240050: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 572000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,1753357: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 572500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,1798620: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 573000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,1843100: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 573500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,1886997: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 574000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,3634531: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 574500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,3677515: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 575000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,3721070: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 575500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,218258 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 576000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,256082 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 576500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,289416 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 577000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,324918 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 577500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,514045 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 578000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,553881 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 578500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,591850 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 579000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,629874 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 579500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,4245687: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 580000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,4284761: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 580500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,4326473: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 581000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,4369001: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 581500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,4410832: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 582000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,4453806: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 582500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,4493432: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 583000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,4537408: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 583500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,386177 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 584000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,419248 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 584500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,458623 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 585000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,494222 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 585500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,829271 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 586000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,873580 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 586500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,919312 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 587000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,958654 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 587500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,1309325: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 588000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,1356697: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 588500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,1404321: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 589000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,2534565: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 589500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,2574740: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 590000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,2617976: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 590500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,2658150: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 591000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,691537 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 591500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,729060 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 592000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,767634 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 592500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,963260 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 593000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,1002691: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 593500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,1047468: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 594000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,1090116: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 594500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,4566629: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 595000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,4607786: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 595500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,4651793: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 596000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,4696382: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 596500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,4898642: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 597000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,4941876: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 597500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,4984274: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 598000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,5028006: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 598500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,5070852: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 599000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,5112172: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 599500 events
Event 1670 Run 254999 Section 1 InstLum5.38242e+31Event 1422662 Run 254991 Section 179 InstLum6.95317e+31 *** Run,Event: 254991,1429332: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 600000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,1470411: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 600500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,1513353: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 601000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,1557124: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 601500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,4727882: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 602000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,4774239: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 602500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,4815281: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 603000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,4857004: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 603500 events
Event 1418 Run 255000 Section 1 InstLum5.29853e+31 *** Run,Event: 255000,60952 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 604000 events
*** Run,Event: 255000,92074 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 604500 events
*** Run,Event: 255000,126916 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 605000 events
*** Run,Event: 255000,160006 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 605500 events
*** Run,Event: 255000,192517 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 606000 events
Event 1577445 Run 254991 Section 197 InstLum6.89074e+31 *** Run,Event: 254991,1592167: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 606500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,1633395: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 607000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,1676075: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 607500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,1717720: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 608000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,1918685: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 608500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,1955920: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 609000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,1999362: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 609500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,2199467: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 610000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,2242538: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 610500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,2287745: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 611000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,2330223: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 611500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,2371588: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 612000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,2412541: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 612500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,2455802: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 613000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,2500381: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 613500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,2697432: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 614000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,2741138: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 614500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,2783002: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 615000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,2976054: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 615500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,3017382: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 616000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,3058114: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 616500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,3102866: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 617000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,3142383: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 617500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,3185088: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 618000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,3226316: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 618500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,3272384: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 619000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,3314953: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 619500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,3358232: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 620000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,3402629: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 620500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,3443376: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 621000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,3489221: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 621500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,3533889: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 622000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,3575745: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 622500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,3777791: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 623000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,3819338: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 623500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,3864707: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 624000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,3911385: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 624500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,3952075: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 625000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,3996772: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 625500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,4040241: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 626000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,4082960: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 626500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,4125607: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 627000 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,4165689: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 627500 events
*** Run,Event: 254991,4210035: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 628000 events
Event 3664 Run 255028 Section 1 InstLum1.24897e+32 *** Run,Event: 255028,97977 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 628500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,134084 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 629000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,167698 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 629500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,202029 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 630000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2299249: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 630500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2333077: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 631000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2363938: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 631500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2394719: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 632000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2425534: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 632500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2456979: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 633000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,433654 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 633500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,468842 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 634000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,501097 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 634500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,535397 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 635000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,571052 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 635500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,774915 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 636000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,807448 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 636500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,839404 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 637000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,872088 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 637500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,905440 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 638000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,592626 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 638500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,622533 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 639000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,656373 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 639500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,691638 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 640000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,725932 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 640500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,759879 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 641000 events
Event 1832995 Run 255037 Section 323 InstLum5.52401e+31 *** Run,Event: 255037,1861509: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 641500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1894510: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 642000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1931124: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 642500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1966508: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 643000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,2000799: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 643500 events
Event 939675 Run 255028 Section 81 InstLum1.151e+32 *** Run,Event: 255028,943438 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 644000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,978624 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 644500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,1010450: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 645000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,1043591: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 645500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,1078671: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 646000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,1111618: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 646500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,1143382: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 647000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,1176965: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 647500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,1210811: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 648000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,1247018: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 648500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,1280002: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 649000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,1311799: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 649500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,1342126: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 650000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,1373925: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 650500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,1408143: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 651000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,1442445: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 651500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2815260: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 652000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2844329: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 652500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2873441: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 653000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2903552: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 653500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2934752: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 654000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,1459075: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 654500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,1490896: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 655000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,1521652: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 655500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,1555971: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 656000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,1589970: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 656500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,1622546: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 657000 events
Event 12266993 Run 255074 Section 1249 InstLum5.46646e+31 *** Run,Event: 255074,12303642: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 657500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,12348299: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 658000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,12387385: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 658500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,12431966: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 659000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,12475515: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 659500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,12518777: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 660000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,12561157: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 660500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,13816432: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 661000 events
Event 1788883 Run 255028 Section 152 InstLum1.0828e+32 *** Run,Event: 255028,1822102: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 661500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,1854711: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 662000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,1886228: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 662500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,1917055: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 663000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,1950443: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 663500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2984147: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 664000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,3017388: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 664500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,3050884: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 665000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,3080978: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 665500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,3111407: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 666000 events
Event 2628108 Run 255037 Section 478 InstLum5.1285e+31 *** Run,Event: 255037,2638987: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 666500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,2668589: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 667000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,2705283: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 667500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,2738267: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 668000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,2769552: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 668500 events
Event 1955731 Run 255028 Section 167 InstLum1.06725e+32 *** Run,Event: 255028,1977660: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 669000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2011729: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 669500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2043794: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 670000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2077954: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 670500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2111904: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 671000 events
Event 1828 Run 255040 Section 2 InstLum4.93694e+31 *** Run,Event: 255040,68583 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 671500 events
*** Run,Event: 255040,108469 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 672000 events
*** Run,Event: 255040,148165 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 672500 events
*** Run,Event: 255040,189227 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 673000 events
*** Run,Event: 255040,229837 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 673500 events
*** Run,Event: 255040,271147 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 674000 events
Event 2132678 Run 255028 Section 183 InstLum1.05461e+32 *** Run,Event: 255028,2149743: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 674500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2178559: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 675000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2208249: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 675500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2238186: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 676000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2269217: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 676500 events
Event 6212435 Run 255074 Section 518 InstLum7.8506e+31 *** Run,Event: 255074,6221111: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 677000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,6263862: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 677500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,6309772: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 678000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,8261447: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 678500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,8305973: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 679000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,8352142: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 679500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,8396795: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 680000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,9911197: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 680500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,9955974: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 681000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,10002868: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 681500 events
Event 2464416 Run 255028 Section 214 InstLum1.02815e+32 *** Run,Event: 255028,2471648: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 682000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2503782: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 682500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2537137: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 683000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2568175: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 683500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2598197: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 684000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,3465173: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 684500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,3495777: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 685000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,3527647: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 685500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,3559537: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 686000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,3591423: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 686500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,3619510: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 687000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2646907: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 687500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2675998: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 688000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2706159: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 688500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2740976: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 689000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,2771355: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 689500 events
Event 289830 Run 255040 Section 60 InstLum4.82536e+31 *** Run,Event: 255040,306825 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 690000 events
*** Run,Event: 255040,352757 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 690500 events
*** Run,Event: 255040,391596 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 691000 events
*** Run,Event: 255040,431666 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 691500 events
*** Run,Event: 255040,472020 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 692000 events
*** Run,Event: 255040,512548 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 692500 events
Event 3133329 Run 255028 Section 281 InstLum9.76709e+31 *** Run,Event: 255028,3143651: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 693000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,3173589: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 693500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,3202734: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 694000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,3233270: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 694500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,3264827: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 695000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,3295845: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 695500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4654658: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 696000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4684302: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 696500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4713517: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 697000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4749014: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 697500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4785493: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 698000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,3641575: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 698500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,3672140: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 699000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,3703301: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 699500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,3734788: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 700000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,3764747: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 700500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,3793593: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 701000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,3823202: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 701500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,3856057: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 702000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,3889787: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 702500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,3919934: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 703000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,3949376: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 703500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,3978262: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 704000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4008473: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 704500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4039030: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 705000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4071629: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 705500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4098913: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 706000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4128141: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 706500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4157412: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 707000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4184923: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 707500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4217881: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 708000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4247980: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 708500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4276540: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 709000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4303265: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 709500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4332924: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 710000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4362839: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 710500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4392660: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 711000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4424048: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 711500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4453195: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 712000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4833053: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 712500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4868427: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 713000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4901723: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 713500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4933885: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 714000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4969542: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 714500 events
Event 782376 Run 255040 Section 152 InstLum4.57084e+31 *** Run,Event: 255040,783162 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 715000 events
*** Run,Event: 255040,820163 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 715500 events
*** Run,Event: 255040,862861 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 716000 events
*** Run,Event: 255040,903014 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 716500 events
*** Run,Event: 255040,946374 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 717000 events
Event 4460969 Run 255028 Section 442 InstLum8.13568e+31 *** Run,Event: 255028,4463142: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 717500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4493845: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 718000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4523242: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 718500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4553157: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 719000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4582078: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 719500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,4611891: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 720000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,5020861: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 720500 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,5054106: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 721000 events
*** Run,Event: 255028,5087373: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 721500 events
Event 2421179 Run 255037 Section 437 InstLum5.2365e+31 *** Run,Event: 255037,2438620: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 722000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,2471306: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 722500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,2504321: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 723000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,2537816: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 723500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,2575785: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 724000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,2610175: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 724500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,75662 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 725000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,109407 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 725500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,144986 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 726000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,179596 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 726500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,213818 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 727000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,443813 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 727500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,478636 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 728000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,512298 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 728500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,545793 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 729000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,579135 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 729500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,613538 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 730000 events
Event 539703 Run 255040 Section 106 InstLum4.66292e+31 *** Run,Event: 255040,553257 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 730500 events
*** Run,Event: 255040,594774 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 731000 events
*** Run,Event: 255040,636993 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 731500 events
*** Run,Event: 255040,675643 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 732000 events
*** Run,Event: 255040,717138 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 732500 events
*** Run,Event: 255040,756950 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 733000 events
Event 242922 Run 255037 Section 53 InstLum6.31816e+31 *** Run,Event: 255037,256404 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 733500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,289813 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 734000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,325703 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 734500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,360929 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 735000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,393831 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 735500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,430324 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 736000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,659816 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 736500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,693757 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 737000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,727511 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 737500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,761835 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 738000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,797377 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 738500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,830300 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 739000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,862968 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 739500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,898462 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 740000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,934849 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 740500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,969096 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 741000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1003022: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 741500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1036199: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 742000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1068426: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 742500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1102010: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 743000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1134029: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 743500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1166814: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 744000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1199983: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 744500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1233285: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 745000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1456064: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 745500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1489601: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 746000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1523267: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 746500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1559018: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 747000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1595933: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 747500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,2030772: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 748000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,2064382: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 748500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,2099446: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 749000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,2131100: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 749500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,2163724: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 750000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,2195813: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 750500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1237131: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 751000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1269543: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 751500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1304221: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 752000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1335741: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 752500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1369223: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 753000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1402585: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 753500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1644091: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 754000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1679930: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 754500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1714137: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 755000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1746560: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 755500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1780593: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 756000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,1815004: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 756500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,2240232: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 757000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,2272728: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 757500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,2304405: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 758000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,2334505: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 758500 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,2367925: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 759000 events
*** Run,Event: 255037,2401064: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 759500 events
Event 5958 Run 255069 Section 2 InstLum1.32766e+32 *** Run,Event: 255069,121449 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 760000 events
*** Run,Event: 255069,155203 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 760500 events
*** Run,Event: 255069,190834 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 761000 events
*** Run,Event: 255069,228307 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 761500 events
Event 11060573 Run 255074 Section 1080 InstLum5.92558e+31 *** Run,Event: 255074,11087285: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 762000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,11129288: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 762500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,11172254: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 763000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,13025539: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 763500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,13068640: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 764000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,13111674: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 764500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,13157246: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 765000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,13652029: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 765500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,13695094: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 766000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,13737496: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 766500 events
Event 240551 Run 255069 Section 27 InstLum1.29292e+32 *** Run,Event: 255069,245958 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 767000 events
*** Run,Event: 255069,281638 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 767500 events
*** Run,Event: 255069,317573 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 768000 events
*** Run,Event: 255069,351969 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 768500 events
*** Run,Event: 255069,384520 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 769000 events
Event 5238988 Run 255074 Section 425 InstLum8.27018e+31 *** Run,Event: 255074,5251686: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 769500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,5297514: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 770000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,5340527: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 770500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,13176303: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 771000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,13221305: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 771500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,13262855: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 772000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,13306967: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 772500 events
Event 1480668 Run 255090 Section 258 InstLum4.43822e+31 *** Run,Event: 255090,1512739: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 773000 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,1560910: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 773500 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,1608232: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 774000 events
Event 407308 Run 255069 Section 38 InstLum1.27778e+32 *** Run,Event: 255069,414412 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 774500 events
*** Run,Event: 255069,452804 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 775000 events
*** Run,Event: 255069,487537 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 775500 events
*** Run,Event: 255069,520593 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 776000 events
Event 2323 Run 255074 Section 2 InstLum1.11628e+32 *** Run,Event: 255074,84525 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 776500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,117984 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 777000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,150003 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 777500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,182619 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 778000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,614934 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 778500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,659719 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 779000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,703939 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 779500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,894132 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 780000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,940877 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 780500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,984282 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 781000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,1026758: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 781500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,1072535: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 782000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,1116119: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 782500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,1163450: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 783000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,1766922: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 783500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,1811283: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 784000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,1860397: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 784500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,2039496: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 785000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,2083322: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 785500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,2130253: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 786000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,1902457: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 786500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,1949371: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 787000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,1989945: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 787500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,7416659: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 788000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,7459256: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 788500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,7501527: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 789000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,10052202: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 789500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,10094304: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 790000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,10135857: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 790500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,10177483: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 791000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,11551262: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 791500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,11593361: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 792000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,11635550: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 792500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,2297664: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 793000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,2339334: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 793500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,2381561: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 794000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,2423853: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 794500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,2466471: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 795000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,2511020: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 795500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,2557620: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 796000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,3303781: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 796500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,3345370: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 797000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,3391352: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 797500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,3705831: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 798000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,3748274: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 798500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,3791525: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 799000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,2578384: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 799500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,2619785: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 800000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,2662641: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 800500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,2706550: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 801000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,3859108: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 801500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,3904810: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 802000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,3949470: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 802500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,6964913: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 803000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,7005984: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 803500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,7045687: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 804000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,7086344: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 804500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,8894442: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 805000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,8937478: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 805500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,8980189: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 806000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,3021432: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 806500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,3061925: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 807000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,3106676: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 807500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,3152183: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 808000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,3194179: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 808500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,3239792: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 809000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,3556194: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 809500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,3602076: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 810000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,3644639: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 810500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,3684292: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 811000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,4014309: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 811500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,4058780: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 812000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,4101355: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 812500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,4142872: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 813000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,4184639: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 813500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,4226967: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 814000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,4546443: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 814500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,4589640: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 815000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,4632112: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 815500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,4676289: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 816000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,4715520: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 816500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,4756205: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 817000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,4796623: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 817500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,4984155: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 818000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,5028785: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 818500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,5071072: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 819000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,4414280: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 819500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,4457787: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 820000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,4500593: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 820500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,5529249: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 821000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,5569441: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 821500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,5613231: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 822000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,5926161: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 822500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,5972557: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 823000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,6013752: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 823500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,6060108: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 824000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,6388147: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 824500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,6432277: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 825000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,6477208: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 825500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,5398205: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 826000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,5440429: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 826500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,5481430: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 827000 events
Event 1306 Run 255090 Section 2 InstLum4.89169e+31 *** Run,Event: 255090,66458 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 827500 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,109070 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 828000 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,153820 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 828500 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,199567 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 829000 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,424544 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 829500 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,467677 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 830000 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,513613 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 830500 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,559700 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 831000 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,787609 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 831500 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,832526 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 832000 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,880389 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 832500 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,925101 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 833000 events
Event 5656180 Run 255074 Section 464 InstLum8.06849e+31 *** Run,Event: 255074,5675608: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 833500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,5716631: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 834000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,5761876: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 834500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,6082021: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 835000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,6126583: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 835500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,6171506: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 836000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,12868361: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 836500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,12907854: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 837000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,12952053: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 837500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,12997317: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 838000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,13344532: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 838500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,13388309: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 839000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,13430478: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 839500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,13471252: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 840000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,13513405: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 840500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,13556711: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 841000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,13599707: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 841500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,5807194: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 842000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,5848921: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 842500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,5891285: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 843000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,6807287: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 843500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,6850885: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 844000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,6896689: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 844500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,6942876: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 845000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,8013824: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 845500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,8056868: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 846000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,8101284: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 846500 events
Event 5378536 Run 255090 Section 958 InstLum3.51678e+31 *** Run,Event: 255090,5409112: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 847000 events
Event 7090457 Run 255074 Section 607 InstLum7.49872e+31 *** Run,Event: 255074,7131275: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 847500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,7175857: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 848000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,7219553: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 848500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,7556521: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 849000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,7601992: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 849500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,7646420: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 850000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,8425171: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 850500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,8471015: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 851000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,8513868: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 851500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,8551995: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 852000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,8594808: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 852500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,8639369: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 853000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,8684316: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 853500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,9166846: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 854000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,9212026: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 854500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,9257737: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 855000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,9597633: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 855500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,9641707: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 856000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,9687462: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 856500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,9730932: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 857000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,9775543: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 857500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,9816388: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 858000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,9858965: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 858500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,10784733: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 859000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,10833155: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 859500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,10876157: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 860000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,11665703: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 860500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,11709731: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 861000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,11754018: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 861500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,11796043: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 862000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,10639986: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 862500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,10683795: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 863000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,10727031: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 863500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,10925521: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 864000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,10970570: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 864500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,11014884: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 865000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,11054720: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 865500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,11392879: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 866000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,11437983: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 866500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,11481129: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 867000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,11977277: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 867500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,12022226: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 868000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,12063598: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 868500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,12105091: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 869000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,12146131: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 869500 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,12190187: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 870000 events
*** Run,Event: 255074,12232793: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 870500 events
Event 949961 Run 255090 Section 168 InstLum4.57038e+31 *** Run,Event: 255090,959141 : >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 871000 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,1003005: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 871500 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,1051013: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 872000 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,1098674: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 872500 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,1146402: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 873000 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,1191320: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 873500 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,1233741: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 874000 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,1282424: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 874500 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,1670694: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 875000 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,1719690: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 875500 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,1765764: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 876000 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,1815571: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 876500 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,1864727: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 877000 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,1910990: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 877500 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,1966543: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 878000 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,2012696: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 878500 events
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*** Run,Event: 255090,2163628: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 880000 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,2210512: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 880500 events
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*** Run,Event: 255090,2307585: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 881500 events
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*** Run,Event: 255090,2891004: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 887500 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,2940804: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 888000 events
*** Run,Event: 255090,2986572: >>> TStnAna::ProcessEntry: Processed 888500 events
----- end job: ---- StnAna
L(TeV) : -1.000
L(live): -1.000
L(offl): 0.000
----- end job: ---- MipAna_misc
>>> TStnAna::EndJob: processed 888902 events, passed 888902 events
Finished. Writing histograms to miphistos_254800_256824.root
Done. Quitting
making plots
23464 ? 00:00:00 root
23465 ? 00:00:01 root.exe
Processing plotMipTower.C("miphistos_254800_256824.root","miphistos_254800_256824")...
Average run1 mip is 1.71045
Your input file name is miphistos_254800_256824.root
Output tag is miphistos_254800_256824
<TCanvas::MakeDefCanvas>: created default TCanvas with name c1
FUNCTION VALUE DOES NOT SEEM TO DEPEND ON ANY OF THE 3 VARIABLE PARAMETERS.
VERIFY THAT STEP SIZES ARE BIG ENOUGH AND CHECK FCN LOGIC.
*******************************************************************************
*******************************************************************************
FUNCTION VALUE DOES NOT SEEM TO DEPEND ON ANY OF THE 3 VARIABLE PARAMETERS.
VERIFY THAT STEP SIZES ARE BIG ENOUGH AND CHECK FCN LOGIC.
*******************************************************************************
*******************************************************************************
FUNCTION VALUE DOES NOT SEEM TO DEPEND ON ANY OF THE 3 VARIABLE PARAMETERS.
VERIFY THAT STEP SIZES ARE BIG ENOUGH AND CHECK FCN LOGIC.
*******************************************************************************
*******************************************************************************
FUNCTION VALUE DOES NOT SEEM TO DEPEND ON ANY OF THE 3 VARIABLE PARAMETERS.
VERIFY THAT STEP SIZES ARE BIG ENOUGH AND CHECK FCN LOGIC.
*******************************************************************************
*******************************************************************************
FUNCTION VALUE DOES NOT SEEM TO DEPEND ON ANY OF THE 3 VARIABLE PARAMETERS.
VERIFY THAT STEP SIZES ARE BIG ENOUGH AND CHECK FCN LOGIC.
*******************************************************************************
*******************************************************************************
FUNCTION VALUE DOES NOT SEEM TO DEPEND ON ANY OF THE 3 VARIABLE PARAMETERS.
VERIFY THAT STEP SIZES ARE BIG ENOUGH AND CHECK FCN LOGIC.
*******************************************************************************
*******************************************************************************
FUNCTION VALUE DOES NOT SEEM TO DEPEND ON ANY OF THE 3 VARIABLE PARAMETERS.
VERIFY THAT STEP SIZES ARE BIG ENOUGH AND CHECK FCN LOGIC.
*******************************************************************************
*******************************************************************************
FUNCTION VALUE DOES NOT SEEM TO DEPEND ON ANY OF THE 3 VARIABLE PARAMETERS.
VERIFY THAT STEP SIZES ARE BIG ENOUGH AND CHECK FCN LOGIC.
*******************************************************************************
*******************************************************************************
FUNCTION VALUE DOES NOT SEEM TO DEPEND ON ANY OF THE 3 VARIABLE PARAMETERS.
VERIFY THAT STEP SIZES ARE BIG ENOUGH AND CHECK FCN LOGIC.
*******************************************************************************
*******************************************************************************
FUNCTION VALUE DOES NOT SEEM TO DEPEND ON ANY OF THE 3 VARIABLE PARAMETERS.
VERIFY THAT STEP SIZES ARE BIG ENOUGH AND CHECK FCN LOGIC.
*******************************************************************************
*******************************************************************************
FUNCTION VALUE DOES NOT SEEM TO DEPEND ON ANY OF THE 3 VARIABLE PARAMETERS.
VERIFY THAT STEP SIZES ARE BIG ENOUGH AND CHECK FCN LOGIC.
*******************************************************************************
*******************************************************************************
FUNCTION VALUE DOES NOT SEEM TO DEPEND ON ANY OF THE 3 VARIABLE PARAMETERS.
VERIFY THAT STEP SIZES ARE BIG ENOUGH AND CHECK FCN LOGIC.
*******************************************************************************
*******************************************************************************
FUNCTION MUST BE MINIMIZED BEFORE CALLING IMProve
FUNCTION MUST BE MINIMIZED BEFORE CALLING IMProve
FUNCTION VALUE DOES NOT SEEM TO DEPEND ON ANY OF THE 3 VARIABLE PARAMETERS.
VERIFY THAT STEP SIZES ARE BIG ENOUGH AND CHECK FCN LOGIC.
*******************************************************************************
*******************************************************************************
FUNCTION VALUE DOES NOT SEEM TO DEPEND ON ANY OF THE 3 VARIABLE PARAMETERS.
VERIFY THAT STEP SIZES ARE BIG ENOUGH AND CHECK FCN LOGIC.
*******************************************************************************
*******************************************************************************
FUNCTION VALUE DOES NOT SEEM TO DEPEND ON ANY OF THE 3 VARIABLE PARAMETERS.
VERIFY THAT STEP SIZES ARE BIG ENOUGH AND CHECK FCN LOGIC.
*******************************************************************************
*******************************************************************************
FCN=35.2311 FROM MIGRAD STATUS=CONVERGED 78 CALLS 79 TOTAL
EDM=1.55755e-08 STRATEGY= 1 ERROR MATRIX ACCURATE
EXT PARAMETER STEP FIRST
NO. NAME VALUE ERROR SIZE DERIVATIVE
1 p0 7.41135e+02 9.57718e+00 2.74240e-02 9.59477e-06
2 p1 1.73183e+00 6.56858e-03 1.92840e-05 -1.52906e-02
3 p2 4.27636e-01 7.13678e-03 2.04249e-05 -1.23000e-02
FCN=49.3809 FROM MIGRAD STATUS=CONVERGED 72 CALLS 73 TOTAL
EDM=3.71696e-07 STRATEGY= 1 ERROR MATRIX ACCURATE
EXT PARAMETER STEP FIRST
NO. NAME VALUE ERROR SIZE DERIVATIVE
1 p0 9.03953e+02 1.05125e+01 3.56145e-02 -1.80773e-05
2 p1 1.72947e+00 6.27874e-03 2.17297e-05 -1.30887e-01
3 p2 4.43022e-01 7.38307e-03 2.50103e-05 2.83471e-02
FCN=45.741 FROM MIGRAD STATUS=CONVERGED 78 CALLS 79 TOTAL
EDM=4.45839e-08 STRATEGY= 1 ERROR MATRIX ACCURATE
EXT PARAMETER STEP FIRST
NO. NAME VALUE ERROR SIZE DERIVATIVE
1 p0 8.82365e+02 1.04397e+01 3.39639e-02 9.16425e-06
2 p1 1.74291e+00 6.08580e-03 2.02681e-05 -3.87622e-02
3 p2 4.30445e-01 6.76077e-03 2.19512e-05 -1.77119e-02
FCN=51.7712 FROM MIGRAD STATUS=CONVERGED 80 CALLS 81 TOTAL
EDM=1.01468e-10 STRATEGY= 1 ERROR MATRIX ACCURATE
EXT PARAMETER STEP FIRST
NO. NAME VALUE ERROR SIZE DERIVATIVE
1 p0 8.20305e+02 1.00577e+01 3.47790e-02 1.41691e-06
2 p1 1.72871e+00 6.39426e-03 2.26196e-05 -3.94168e-04
3 p2 4.33998e-01 7.24989e-03 2.50237e-05 2.61108e-04
FCN=34.7339 FROM MIGRAD STATUS=CONVERGED 78 CALLS 79 TOTAL
EDM=3.11054e-08 STRATEGY= 1 ERROR MATRIX ACCURATE
EXT PARAMETER STEP FIRST
NO. NAME VALUE ERROR SIZE DERIVATIVE
1 p0 7.46921e+02 9.67893e+00 2.74123e-02 8.82544e-06
2 p1 1.76095e+00 6.29068e-03 1.82735e-05 2.65368e-02
3 p2 4.15428e-01 6.65856e-03 1.87697e-05 2.55528e-02
FCN=36.1181 FROM MIGRAD STATUS=CONVERGED 270 CALLS 271 TOTAL
EDM=5.2119e-08 STRATEGY= 1 ERROR MATRIX ACCURATE
EXT PARAMETER STEP FIRST
NO. NAME VALUE ERROR SIZE DERIVATIVE
1 p0 1.70473e+02 4.52273e+00 1.32271e-02 7.22358e-05
2 p1 1.67577e+00 2.38716e-02 6.70481e-05 1.39847e-04
3 p2 5.79144e-01 3.41722e-02 9.57211e-05 -1.10836e-03
FCN=48.0726 FROM MIGRAD STATUS=CONVERGED 98 CALLS 99 TOTAL
EDM=2.18887e-10 STRATEGY= 1 ERROR MATRIX ACCURATE
EXT PARAMETER STEP FIRST
NO. NAME VALUE ERROR SIZE DERIVATIVE
1 p0 2.53110e+02 5.50763e+00 1.85470e-02 -5.84635e-07
2 p1 1.71741e+00 1.28170e-02 4.38184e-05 1.59289e-03
3 p2 4.65631e-01 1.62828e-02 5.48837e-05 1.04061e-04
FCN=25.6371 FROM MIGRAD STATUS=CONVERGED 69 CALLS 70 TOTAL
EDM=2.62927e-10 STRATEGY= 1 ERROR MATRIX ACCURATE
EXT PARAMETER STEP FIRST
NO. NAME VALUE ERROR SIZE DERIVATIVE
1 p0 2.52185e+02 5.43360e+00 1.36072e-02 2.52353e-06
2 p1 1.69299e+00 1.78694e-02 4.43109e-05 -5.73336e-04
3 p2 5.61708e-01 2.48869e-02 6.17719e-05 -6.98288e-04
Info in <TCanvas::Print>: eps file etasums_0.eps has been created
FCN=71.0923 FROM MIGRAD STATUS=CONVERGED 71 CALLS 72 TOTAL
EDM=1.03344e-06 STRATEGY= 1 ERROR MATRIX ACCURATE
EXT PARAMETER STEP FIRST
NO. NAME VALUE ERROR SIZE DERIVATIVE
1 p0 7.66212e+02 9.79099e+00 3.94424e-02 -1.14982e-04
2 p1 1.68706e+00 6.39253e-03 2.64378e-05 6.29801e-02
3 p2 4.23457e-01 7.01837e-03 2.82012e-05 8.07056e-02
FCN=53.6094 FROM MIGRAD STATUS=CONVERGED 78 CALLS 79 TOTAL
EDM=4.03693e-08 STRATEGY= 1 ERROR MATRIX ACCURATE
EXT PARAMETER STEP FIRST
NO. NAME VALUE ERROR SIZE DERIVATIVE
1 p0 9.03251e+02 1.05301e+01 3.71389e-02 -2.18223e-05
2 p1 1.68243e+00 6.31231e-03 2.26423e-05 -1.49462e-02
3 p2 4.42512e-01 7.30098e-03 2.56860e-05 1.38409e-02
FCN=34.4547 FROM MIGRAD STATUS=CONVERGED 62 CALLS 63 TOTAL
EDM=1.80297e-07 STRATEGY= 1 ERROR MATRIX UNCERTAINTY 2.0 per cent
EXT PARAMETER STEP FIRST
NO. NAME VALUE ERROR SIZE DERIVATIVE
1 p0 8.90869e+02 1.05671e+01 -9.10606e-03 7.48822e-05
2 p1 1.67251e+00 6.16864e-03 -4.36778e-05 -1.71216e-02
3 p2 4.32281e-01 6.78860e-03 4.87542e-05 -1.67876e-03
FCN=40.4731 FROM MIGRAD STATUS=CONVERGED 71 CALLS 72 TOTAL
EDM=5.13844e-07 STRATEGY= 1 ERROR MATRIX ACCURATE
EXT PARAMETER STEP FIRST
NO. NAME VALUE ERROR SIZE DERIVATIVE
1 p0 8.27918e+02 1.01459e+01 3.10250e-02 -7.62907e-05
2 p1 1.72156e+00 6.22149e-03 1.95398e-05 1.06003e-01
3 p2 4.27991e-01 7.09594e-03 2.15984e-05 -2.32604e-02
FCN=24.6231 FROM MIGRAD STATUS=CONVERGED 71 CALLS 72 TOTAL
EDM=7.7744e-07 STRATEGY= 1 ERROR MATRIX ACCURATE
EXT PARAMETER STEP FIRST
NO. NAME VALUE ERROR SIZE DERIVATIVE
1 p0 7.18145e+02 9.45315e+00 2.27377e-02 -5.62717e-05
2 p1 1.69691e+00 6.68775e-03 1.64286e-05 -7.25590e-02
3 p2 4.26371e-01 7.40275e-03 1.76834e-05 1.17594e-01
FCN=54.0304 FROM MIGRAD STATUS=CONVERGED 108 CALLS 109 TOTAL
EDM=1.02268e-08 STRATEGY= 1 ERROR MATRIX ACCURATE
EXT PARAMETER STEP FIRST
NO. NAME VALUE ERROR SIZE DERIVATIVE
1 p0 1.59588e+02 4.30570e+00 1.55440e-02 1.11438e-05
2 p1 1.73057e+00 1.83851e-02 6.64649e-05 2.47405e-03
3 p2 5.04009e-01 2.29339e-02 8.26784e-05 5.60108e-03
FCN=17.8151 FROM MIGRAD STATUS=CONVERGED 104 CALLS 105 TOTAL
EDM=1.61677e-08 STRATEGY= 1 ERROR MATRIX ACCURATE
EXT PARAMETER STEP FIRST
NO. NAME VALUE ERROR SIZE DERIVATIVE
1 p0 2.46114e+02 5.38388e+00 1.13047e-02 2.93540e-07
2 p1 1.72939e+00 1.37029e-02 2.89109e-05 -6.84098e-04
3 p2 -4.80385e-01 1.67032e-02 3.49573e-05 1.07847e-02
FCN=20.984 FROM MIGRAD STATUS=CONVERGED 79 CALLS 80 TOTAL
EDM=7.98222e-10 STRATEGY= 1 ERROR MATRIX ACCURATE
EXT PARAMETER STEP FIRST
NO. NAME VALUE ERROR SIZE DERIVATIVE
1 p0 2.48141e+02 5.44183e+00 1.22776e-02 -6.60894e-06
2 p1 1.68263e+00 1.92956e-02 4.30146e-05 3.61421e-04
3 p2 5.80549e-01 2.82273e-02 6.27834e-05 7.72586e-04
Info in <TCanvas::Print>: eps file etasums_1.eps has been created
Info in <TCanvas::Print>: eps file a_miphistos_254800_256824_summary.eps has been created
| en |
all-txt-docs | 356330 | Op-Ed
By Donna E. Shalala
Secretary of Health and Human Services
10/10/94, The Washington Post
Health Care Reform is Still Alive"
When a newspaper reporter asked Mark Twain in 1897 to
respond to the news of his death, he said: "Reports of my death
have been greatly exaggerated."
Like Twain's demise, the death of health care reform has
been greatly exaggerated. There are, of course, those who would
like to believe that the national movement for health reform is
dead and buried. After all, special interest groups spent more
than $60 million on an advertising blitz that left many Americans
dazed and more than a little confused. And, according to
Newsweek magazine, those opponents spent more than $300 million
to defeat health care reform in 1994.
But wishing reform dead won't make it so because there are
important reasons why this effort will continue. So, in the
tradition of the sage political pundit David Letterman, let me
offer "Donna Shalala's Top Ten Reasons Why We Should Keep Health
Care Reform Alive."
Number 10. Health spending is multiplying faster than TV
talk shows. Americans will spend $982 billion on health care
services in 1994, or nearly 14 percent of our gross domestic
product. If prices keep rising as they have, we'll spend $2.1
trillion on health care in 2003, or 20 percent of our GDP. In
other words, one in every five dollars we spend will be on health
care.
Number 9. There are more Americans living without health
insurance than there are Elvis sightings. Today, an estimated 39
million Americans have no health insurance at all, or 14.7
percent of our total population. In the last five years, five
million Americans have lost their insurance. If we do nothing,
by the year 2003 the total will grow to 43 million, or 15.7
percent of the total.
Number 8. Employer-paid health insurance is disappearing
faster than the Statue of Liberty at a David Copperfield magic
show. Today, an estimated 58.5 percent of working Americans get
health insurance from their employers. By 2003, that will drop
to 55.8 percent of workers.
Number 7. Did you hear the one about the $24 aspirin?
Well, maybe not $24, but the price is going up quickly. Under
our current system, hospitals must care for anyone in need. So,
when must care for an increasing number of uninsured patients,
hospitals shift those costs to those of us who have insurance.
In 1980, that cost shift averaged 20 percent. By 1992, it was up
to 31 percent.
Number 6. Numbers don't lie. Much has been made in the
last year about the alleged slowing of health care inflation.
Some have gone so far as to say that health care reform isn't
needed because the market will correct itself. A closer look at
these trends tells a very different story. Between 1980 and
1993, the average difference between medical prices and overall
prices was 3 percentage points. In 1993, the difference was 2.9
percentage points. That's progress, but not much.
Number 5. The jawbone isn't mightier than the pen. History
requires us to wonder how much of this moderation in prices is
real and how much of it is a result of the "jawboning effect" of
the national debate over reform. Three times in the last 20
years, medical spending has taken a similar dip during periods of
intense national debate. Each time, as soon as the debate was
over, and the special interests had won, prices went right back
to their former pace. Can Americans and their employers afford
another riverboat gamble? I don't think so.
Number 4. What goes down, must stay down. In 1993,
President Clinton and the Congress enacted the most far-reaching
deficit reduction package in our nation's history. As a result,
the federal budget deficit has declined in each of the last three
years. And the deficit has been reduced by half as a percentage
of the gross national product. By putting the deficit on the
decline, the President has led our economy to its strongest
growth in 20 years. Yet, the one area of the federal budget that
is not under control is health care costs. And if we fail to
control those costs the deficit will begin to explode again.
Number 3. Because life is a pre-existing condition. When
insurance companies deny coverage to a person or a group of
people simply because they are considered to be at risk of
getting sick, they call it redlining. I call it discrimination.
An estimated 81 million Americans have some form of pre-existing
medical condition that makes it hard or impossible for them to
get coverage. None of these practices have stopped; in fact,
they're likely to become even more commonplace if we don't change
the rules.
Number 2. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.
As Secretary of Health and Human Services, I speak out frequently
about the need for Americans to take responsibility for their
health by preventing disease instead of simply treating its
symptoms. But how can we ask people to take greater
responsibility if our system continues to be skewed toward "sick
care" instead of "health care." Nearly every health reform
proposal puts prevention first by paying for such things as
mammograms, Pap smears, physicals, and immunizations.
Number 1. Despite Harry and Louise, the American people
still want reform. For nearly two years, special interests have
thrown everything they've got at health care reform. It's not
surprising, then, that we reached an impasse this year. But the
one thing the status quo crowd could not accomplish was to change
Americans' belief that we need to reform our health care system.
The latest public opinion polls still show seven out of 10
Americans favoring a health care system that provides every
person with a rock-solid guarantee of health care coverage that
can never be taken away. A similar majority favors a system that
keeps health costs within people's reach.
Several years after his "death," Mark Twain offered
policymakers one piece of advice that holds true today. "Always
do right," he said. "This will gratify some and astonish the
rest."
# # #
| en |
converted_docs | 347544 | # Disaster News {#disaster-news .Facsimile-Line}
Nearly \$31 Million Approved for NJ Residents
*Only Two Weeks Remain To Register*
**PISCATAWAY, NJ -- June 11, 2007 --** Individuals and businesses
affected by the severe storms and flooding that occurred in April, have
14 days remaining to apply for federal disaster assistance before the
**June 25 deadline.**
More than **14,800** residents in the designated counties of Bergen,
Burlington, Camden, Essex, Gloucester, Hudson, Mercer, Middlesex,
Morris, Passaic, Somerset and Union have applied for assistance and more
than **\$30 million** in federal grants and low-interest loans have been
approved.
The following is an update of recovery activities from the New Jersey
Office of Emergency Management (NJOEM), U.S. Department of Homeland
Security's Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the U.S. Small
Business Administration (SBA) as of close of business Sunday, June 10,
2007.
- **14,827** homeowners and renters from the designated counties have
applied for assistance.
- **\$15.9 million** in federal grants have been approved to date for
applicants through FEMA's Individuals and Household Program. This
assistance may be used for temporary disaster housing assistance;
repairing disaster-damaged, uninsured homes to a safe, sanitary and
functional condition and replacement grants for serious,
disaster-related needs and expenses not covered by insurance or
other assistance programs.
- **Over \$15 million** in SBA low-interest disaster loans have been
approved for homeowners, renters and business owners
- **More than 13,000** inspections have been completed.
- **4,286** people have visited one of 13 Disaster Recovery Centers
(DRCs) that were opened in New Jersey.
- **13,592** disaster loan applications have been issued by the SBA,
including **12,066** for homeowners and renters and **1,515** for
businesses. **SBA officials encourage anyone who has received an
application from the SBA to submit it as soon as possible in order
to avoid delaying other forms of possible assistance. The deadline
to submit the SBA loan application is June 25.**
**Assistance Still Just a Toll-Free Call Away**
Federal and state officials urge anyone who suffered damages or loss
from the severe storms and flooding that occurred April 14-20 to apply
for assistance by calling the FEMA toll-free registration number
**1-800-621-FEMA (3362) or TTY 1-800-462-7585** for the speech or
hearing impaired. The lines are open 8 a.m. to 9 p.m. daily until
further notice. Individuals also may register at
[www.fema.gov](http://www.fema.gov/) . **The deadline to apply for
assistance is June 25.**
**Disaster Recovery Center Available**
The DRC in Bound Brook is open from **9 a.m. to 6 p.m.**, and **will
be** **closing Wednesday, June 13**.
**SBA Disaster Loan Assistance Centers Available**
There are seven SBA Disaster Loan Outreach Centers (DLOC) in Lumberton,
Paterson, Pennsauken, Piscataway, Clayton, Lodi and Fairfield where SBA
representatives are available to answer questions and help individuals
complete their low-interest loan applications. The DLOCs are open Monday
through Friday from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., except Paterson, whose hours are
8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. and Lodi, whose hours are 8:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. For
business questions, a Business Assistance Center is open in Bound Brook,
8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday.
SBA offers disaster loans up to \$200,000 to repair disaster-damaged
primary residences. Homeowners and renters are eligible for up to
\$40,000 to replace damaged personal property such as furniture and
clothing. Loans to businesses of all sizes and private nonprofit
organizations up to \$1.5 million are available to repair or replace
damaged real estate, machinery and equipment, supplies and inventory.
Economic Injury Disaster Loans (EIDLs) are also available to small
businesses unable to pay bills or meet operating expenses because of the
disaster.
*FEMA's temporary housing assistance and grants for public
transportation expenses, medical and dental expenses, and funeral and
burial expenses do not require individuals* to *apply for an SBA loan.
However, applicants who receive SBA loan applications must submit them
to SBA loan officers to be eligible for assistance that covers personal
property, vehicle repair or replacement, and moving and storage
expenses.*
*FEMA and NJOEM work together to coordinate the federal and state
governments' roles in preparing for, preventing, mitigating the effects
of, responding to, and recovering from all domestic disasters, whether
natural or man-made, including acts of terror.*
*Disaster recovery assistance is available without regard to race,
color, religion, nationality, sex, age, disability, English proficiency
or economic status. If you or someone you know has been discriminated
against; call FEMA toll-free at 800-621-FEMA (3362). For TTY call
800-462-7585.*
| en |
all-txt-docs | 463296 | USGS Digital Spectral Library splib05a
Clark et. al. 2003
ASCII Spectral Data file contents:
line 13 title
line 14 history
line 15 to end: 3-columns of data:
wavelength reflectance standard deviation
(standard deviation of 0.000000 means not measured)
(*************** indicates a deleted number)
----------------------------------------------------
Alunite GDS84 Na03 W1R1Ba AREF
copy of splib04a r 204
0.205100*************** 0.034322
0.213100*************** 0.008172
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| en |
converted_docs | 786942 | September 22, 2008
The Honorable James L. Oberstar
Chairman, Committee on Transportation
and Infrastructure
U.S. House of Representatives
Washington, DC 20515
Dear Mr. Chairman:
This letter responds to the requirement found in 49 U.S.C. 5323(d), as
amended by the Safe Accountable, Flexible, and Efficient Transportation
Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU; P.L. 109‑59) to establish a
debt service reserve fund pilot program under 49 U.S.C. 5323(d). The Act
directs the Secretary of Transportation to implement the program and to
transmit a report to the House and Senate Committees on the status and
effectiveness of the pilot program.
To date, no applicants have applied for the Debt Service Reserve Pilot
Program; therefore, there is no information to provide on the status and
effectiveness of the program. Enclosed for your reference is supporting
information on the provision included in SAFETEA-LU, reports on
implementation efforts, and identification of possible reasons for the
lack of interest in the program.
An identical letter has been sent to the Ranking Member of the House
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Chairman and
Ranking Member of the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban
Affairs.
> Sincerely yours,
>
> /S/ original signed by
>
> Mary E. Peters
Enclosure
**Debt Service Reserve Pilot Program**
**Supporting Information**
**Background**
The Debt Service Reserve Pilot Program (DSRPP) seeks to provide credit
support and reduce overall project expenses by providing public
transportation project sponsors that plan to issue bonds in the capital
markets with the additional flexibility to use Federal grants to
establish and maintain a debt service reserve fund. A debt service
reserve fund provides a supplementary source of revenues that may be
used to meet debt service payments owed to bondholders. It is
particularly useful in the event that the issuer encounters a future
financial shortfall during the debt repayment period that may jeopardize
the scheduled payments to the bondholders. If this occurs, the funds in
the reserve account would be used to make the scheduled payments in full
and on time, a requirement that is important to credit rating agencies
that evaluate the creditworthiness and financial strength of bonds for
the investing public. Credit rating agencies increase the ratings of
bond issues that provide contingent payment arrangements, such as
reserve funds that may be used to meet the obligations of the bond
indenture.
**Program Implementation Efforts**
Implementation of the DSRPP commenced with a notice placed in the
*Federal Register* on December 28, 2006, alerting potential applicants
to the availability of the pilot program and the application procedure.
The limitations included restricting the program to not more than ten
participants. The program was also listed on the Federal Transit
Administration (FTA) Web site and articles were placed in *Innovative
Finance Quarterly*, an electronic publication produced by the Federal
Highway Administration that is delivered to an audience consistent with
the goals of the program. FTA also contacted prospective program
stakeholders in order to ascertain the interest in the program and to
identify potential impediments to implementation.
**Description of the Bond Market**
A bond is an interest bearing security that obligates the issuer to
repay borrowed funds by a specific date and pay interest at a specified
rate. Interest paid by the issuer to municipal bond holders is often
exempt from Federal income tax, as well as State or local income tax
depending on the State in which the issuer is located, subject to
certain restrictions. Consequently, municipal bonds offer a slightly
lower rate to investors to account for the higher after-tax yield
relative to a taxable corporate bond with the same coupon rate.
According to the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board:
> "There are over 80,000 governmental units that may issue municipal
> securities.[^[\[1\]]{.underline}^](http://www.msrb.org/msrb1/reports/0501v211/discussionpaper12-00--reports.htm#_ftn1%23_ftn1)
> These issuers include not only States and local governments, but also
> many "authorities" that are created to carry out special functions and
> to issue municipal debt. These issuers have outstanding approximately
> 1.4 million different municipal securities, ranging from simple,
> non-callable general obligation debt to conduit financings involving
> complicated credit structures and multiple call features.
> Characteristics such as these distinguish municipal securities from
> U.S. treasuries and corporate bonds, in which far fewer types of
> securities are issued and the securities have more standardized
> features."
A typical transit bond may rely exclusively on Federal grant revenues
for debt repayment (e.g., those issued by the Chicago Transit Authority)
and may utilize bond insurance to guarantee timely payments to bond
holders.
**Program Implementation Progress**
As of May 5, 2008, no applications were submitted for this pilot
program. Several reasons may explain the shortage of interested
participants, and are summarized and explained in greater detail below:
1. The size of the potential applicant pool;
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
1. Competing financial products that accomplish a purpose similar to a
debt service reserve fund at a competitive price;
2. The indifference of credit rating agencies to debt financed versus
grant financed debt service reserve funds; or
3. Competition with broker commissions.
The size of the potential applicant pool may limit interest in this
program because only transit agencies that issue debt will be able to
benefit from a debt service reserve fund. Debt issuance involves certain
fixed costs that limit or restrict the use of this type of financing to
large dollar purchases. Consequently, the program may only appeal to
specific transactions that meet specific cost thresholds.
Alternative competing products exist in the financial services
marketplace that may duplicate, mimic or accomplish a purpose that is
identical or very similar to the goals of this program. For example,
bond issuers may choose to protect the integrity of their payment
schedule and the corresponding credit rating by purchasing bond
insurance. Bond insurance guarantees the payment of principal and
interest in full and on time, even in the event of fraud. The issuer is
free to negotiate the terms of the insurance with an underwriter and may
find that it is less expensive to pay a bond insurance premium rather
than maintain a debt service reserve fund. Debt service reserve funds
may involve additional resources such as fund management that may
encumber a bond program. Special tax code compliance requirements, such
as arbitrage rebate calculations and reporting requirements, may
encourage a preference for the relatively simple services provided by
bond insurance.
One of the reasons to use credit enhancement features such as a debt
service reserve fund or bond insurance is to reduce repayment risk and
thereby improve the credit rating of a bond issue, thereby reducing the
interest expense to the issuer. Lower repayment risk represented by a
higher credit rating may augment the appeal of an issue to the investing
public. Many issuers strive to attain and sustain an investment grade
rating in order to expand the market appeal of their issue. In fact,
some investors such as pension funds are restricted by investment risk
management policies or strategies to securities that have investment
grade ratings and must refrain from purchasing any issues that do not
have or maintain an investment grade rating.
However, rating agencies are indifferent in their assessment of how a
particular issue achieves an improvement in its overall creditworthiness
and will give the same incremental rating upgrade to an issue that
relies on bond insurance, as one that utilizes a debt service reserve
fund to ensure timely payments to bondholders. Therefore, the relative
costs associated with these two credit enhancement strategies will
influence the issuer's preference for these products.
Bond insurance firms are able to tailor a policy to an issuer's
individual needs and may therefore displace the need for a less flexible
Federal debt service reserve fund program. Nevertheless, issuers must be
mindful of several unidentified costs of bond insurance. First, premiums
paid to an insurer will never be available to support a public
transportation project in the future, unlike the funds deposited in a
debt service reserve account, which combined with accrued interest over
the life of the fund will be returned to the issuer and may be used for
future public transportation projects. Second, a bond insurer may demand
establishment of a reserve fund as a condition of providing the
insurance. Third, bond insurance does not excuse an issuer from
reimbursing the insurer for the costs of making scheduled payments.
Most bond insurance policies require the issuer to repay the insurer for
making timely payments to bondholders. If the issuer fails to do so, the
insurer will cancel coverage for the issuer and will not provide
coverage for any future debt. In this case, the bonds will enter into a
default condition, which is an extremely rare event in U.S. capital
markets. Finally, it is important to note that bond insurance may not be
available to all issuers, since bond insurance firms may refuse to
insure bonds that they consider to have a speculative risk level.
The financial services industry often provides services on a commission
basis. For bond issuers, it is important to note that an increase in the
size of a debt issue may positively correlate to an increase in the size
of an underwriter's commission. Consequently, there is little incentive
for a financial services firm to recommend a reserve fund financing
mechanism that involves substituting Federal grant funds for funds that
are borrowed as part of an overall debt issue.
**Conclusion**
Due to the lack of interest in this program to date, FTA recommends no
further action to expand the program. Sufficient private sector products
exist that appear to adequately meet the needs of the intended program
recipients. However, it may be useful to continue to permit the option
to use grant funds for debt service reserve requirements in the future.
Recent volatility in the credit markets including the restructuring of
the private firms that provide bond insurance may indicate a future
benefit for debt service resources. Therefore, we do not recommend
eliminating the authority to use Federal transit grant funds for a debt
service reserve fund; credit enhancement options and their associated
costs may change in the future and stimulate an increase in the use of
this authority.
| en |
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| en |
converted_docs | 796692 | Before you begin ...
(1) Check the page setup to ensure the margins are set to ½ inch all
around.
(2) On page 1 (the Scorebook cover page), double-click on the header,
enter the applicant number, and enter your initials in the
appropriate place.
(3) Also on page 1, fill in the blanks with the applicant number, and,
when your scorebook is completed, the number of hours you worked on
it.
(4) Read and complete pages 2 through 4 (the Conflict of Interest
Determination Worksheet and the Conflict of Interest Statement), and
sign page 4.
If you need further assistance, please contact Nancy Young at
301-975-5307 or Jackie DesChamps at 301-975-3771.
{width="2.8in"
height="1.8583333333333334in"}Baldrige National Quality Program National
Institute of Standards and Technology Technology Administration
Department of Commerce
> 2006 Scorebook
>
> for Business, Education, and Health Care
>
> \[Worksheets---FORMS ONLY\]
(Instructions for completing this scorebook may be found on our Web
site:
[http://www.baldrige.nist.gov/06Scorebook.htm](http://www.baldrige.nist.gov/05Scorebook.htm)
)
CONTENTS Page
Scorebook Cover Page... 1
Conflict of Interest Determination Worksheet 2
Conflict of Interest Statement... 4
Code of Ethical Conduct 5
Key Factors Worksheet 7
Key Themes Worksheet 8
Item Worksheets 9
Scoring Guidelines---Business Criteria 28
Scoring Guidelines---Education Criteria 29
Scoring Guidelines---Health Care Criteria 30
Score Summary Worksheet---All Sectors 31
Scoring Band Descriptors 32
Process Item Evaluation Tool 33
Results Matrix 34
Le, T, C, Li, G Definitions 35
Checklist 36
Baldrige National Quality Program National Institute of Standards and
Technology Technology Administration Department of Commerce
> **Scorebook**
>
> for Business,\
> Education, and Health Care
------------ ---------------- ------------- ------------- -------- --------
Examiner's Number of
Name Hours Worked
Applicant
Number
Sent to
Examiner
*\
Date\
*
** **
*\
Due date*
------------ ---------------- ------------- ------------- -------- --------
Process Stage:
------- ---------------- ------- ---------------- ------- ------------------
Stage 1\ Stage 2\ Stage 3\
Independent Consensus Review Site Visit Review
Review
------- ---------------- ------- ---------------- ------- ------------------
Criteria, Score Summary Worksheet, and Scoring Guidelines Used:
------- ---------------- ------- ---------------- ------- ------------------
Business Education Health Care
------- ---------------- ------- ---------------- ------- ------------------
Upload Stage 1 scorebook to *examinerdepot*.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST DETERMINATION WORKSHEET
> **IMMEDIATELY UPON RECEIPT OF THIS APPLICATION, PLEASE CHECK FOR
> CONFLICTS OF INTEREST.**
>
> The purpose of this worksheet is to ensure that you do not have a real
> conflict of interest or what could be perceived as a conflict of
> interest with this applicant. The integrity of the Baldrige National
> Quality Program (BNQP) hinges in large part on the avoidance of
> conflicts of interest.
>
> **Conflict of Interest Determination Process**
>
> ***Step #1***
>
> *Read the Eligibility Certification Form, the Additional Information
> Needed Form, the Organizational Profile, and the organization charts,
> and skim all figures in the application.*
>
> ***Step #2***
>
> *Answer the following questions. If you answer "YES" or "DON'T KNOW
> (DK) " to one or more of the questions below,
> [immediately]{.underline} call BNQP (Mark Shapiro, 301-975-3621 or Bob
> Goehrig, 301-975-8756). Do not inquire within your own organization,
> as such inquiry could reveal the identity of the applicant.*
1. Is the applicant your current employer, client, or parent
organization? Yes No DK
2. Is the applicant currently owned or controlled by your employer,
> client, or parent (e.g., another subunit of your parent)? Yes No DK
3. Is the applicant your employer, your client, or your employer's or
> client's parent from more than five years ago? Yes No DK
4. Have you recently (within five years) left or retired from the
> applicant, the applicant's parent, or another subunit of the parent?
> Yes No DK
5. Is your employer or client listed as a key supplier, partner,
> customer, competitor, or benchmark of the applicant? Yes No DK
6. Is the applicant or the applicant's parent a key partner, customer,
> or competitor of your employer, your parent, or a subdivision of your
>
> employer? ("Key" may be defined as constituting at least 5 percent.)
> Yes No DK
7. Did you help prepare or review (paid or unpaid) all or part of the
> application or evaluate the applicant within the last five years? Yes
> No DK
8. Is your employer, parent, or client an applicant in the same
> Baldrige Award category? Yes No DK
9. Did you help prepare the Baldrige application of another
> current applicant in this same Award category? Yes No DK
10. Do you or a family member have a financial interest in the
applicant,
> the applicant's parent, or a key competitor of the applicant? (This
>
> includes financial interests such as stocks, bonds, and retirement
> funds.
>
> Mutual fund holdings are of concern only if the mutual fund
>
> family is the applicant.) Yes No DK
11. Do you have considerable knowledge about an applicant
> through personal interactions (paid or unpaid),
>
> company relationships, family, or friends? Yes No DK
12. Do you know of any reason that there might be a real or\
perceived conflict with this applicant? Yes No DK
> Examples of such conflicts include the following:
- You know someone on the organization chart.
- A close relative works for the applicant.
- You have made a personal visit to the applicant or vice versa.
- You have recently interviewed with the applicant
- You or your organization has been involved in benchmarking studies
with the applicant.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT
As a member of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Board of
Examiners, I have voluntarily disclosed to the administrators of the
Award Program the identity of my employers and clients---past,
present, or potential---whose interest could be favorably or
unfavorably affected by my actions while acting as a member of the
board. This includes disclosure of
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- organizations in which I have financial holdings, including stock
ownership and pension interests
- affiliations that may present or seem to present a conflict of
interest, including my current and recent employers' key customers,
key suppliers, key competitors, and other key stakeholders, as well
as the employers of my immediate family members
I confirm the accuracy of the submissions I have made, and I
reaffirm my willingness to abide by the Code of Ethical Conduct.
I reaffirm that I am not aware of any personal conflict of interest
with this applicant. I will not disclose any information gained
through the evaluation of the applicant about the applicant; the
applicant's clients, competitors, customers, or suppliers; or any
other associated person or organization to anyone other than those
in the Baldrige National Quality Program directly involved with the
applicant review process.
### Name of Award Applicant
### Signature of Examiner Date {#signature-of-examiner-date .unnumbered}
#### For Site Visits Only {#for-site-visits-only .unnumbered}
Program Concurrence Date
Code of Ethical Conduct
Members of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA) Board of
Examiners pledge to uphold their professional principles in the
fulfillment of their responsibilities as defined in the administration
of Public Law 100-107, the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Improvement
Act of 1987, which establishes the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality
Award.
In promoting high standards of public service and ethical conduct, board
members
- conduct themselves professionally, with truth, accuracy, fairness,
respect, and responsibility to the public
- avoid representing conflicting or competing interests, or placing
themselves in such a position where their interest may be in
conflict---or appear to be in conflict---with the purposes and
administration of the Award
- safeguard the confidences of all parties involved in the judging or
examination of present or former applicants
- protect confidential information and avoid disclosures that may in
any way influence the Award integrity or process, currently or in
the future
- do not serve any private or special interest in their fulfillment of
the duties of a Judge or Examiner, therefore excluding by definition
the examination of any organization or subunit of an organization
that employs them or has a consulting arrangement in effect or
anticipated with them
- do not serve as Examiners of a primary competitor or customer or
supplier of any organization (or subunit of an organization) that
employs them, that they have a financial interest in, or with which
they anticipate a consulting arrangement or are otherwise involved
- do not intentionally communicate false or misleading information
that may compromise the integrity of the Award process or decisions
therein
- make it clear, when establishing links from their own Web sites to
the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) or
Baldrige National Quality Program Web sites, that users will be
taken to the official NIST Web sites
- acknowledge the use of trademarks owned by NIST, including those for
NIST, Quest for Excellence, and the MBNQA, along with a statement
indicating the trademark is registered by NIST
- never approach an organization they have evaluated for their
personal gain, including the establishment of an employment or
consulting relationship, and, if approached by an organization they
have evaluated, do not accept employment from that organization for
a period of five years after the evaluation
- maintain and safeguard fairness in the examination process and the
confidentiality of all Award application information, including the
identity of applicants
- treat as confidential all information about the applicant and the
applicant's operation gained through the evaluation process, and
take the following precautions:
- Applicant information is not discussed with anyone, including
other Examiners, with the exception of designated team members,
Judges, the Award Administrator, and NIST representatives. This
includes information contained in the written application, as
well as any additional information obtained during a site visit.
- Names of applicants are not disclosed during or after the
application review process.
- No copies of application information are made, and application
materials are not retained. (ASQ will notify Examiners when to
return materials.)
- No notes, written or electronic, pertaining to the application
are retained. (ASQ will notify Examiners when to destroy all
notes.)
- No discussions about the application are held on cellular or
cordless phones or by voice mail unless the applicant has
authorized their use on the Eligibility Certification Form.
Electronic exchanges are only through *examinerdepot*, an
encrypted, secure Web site designated by NIST.
- No applicant information is adapted and/or used subsequent to
the review process, unless the information is publicly released
by the applicant (at the annual Quest for Excellence Conference,
for example).
- Do not reveal or discuss with other Examiners, either during
training or during the application review phases, their
participation with an organization in the preparation of an
Award application
- personally and independently score all assigned applications
- during stages 1 and 2, do not communicate with the applicant
organization or in any manner seek additional documentation,
information, or clarification about the organization. This
restriction includes Internet searches. At Stage 3, Site Visit
Review, the site visit team leader will communicate with the
applicant
- do not at any time (during or after the evaluation cycle)
independently give feedback to applicants regarding scoring or
overall performance
- upon completion of the Examiner Preparation Course, may use the
following designation: Examiner, Malcolm Baldrige National Quality
Award, and the year(s) served. However, board members may not use
the MBNQA logo in advertising or promotion, nor use business cards
that include the Examiner designation or the MBNQA logo
- during the consensus and site visit processes, encourage and
maintain a professional working environment that promotes respect
for the Award applicants, their employees, and all members of the
Examiner Team
- when participating in a site visit, respect the climate, culture,
and values of the organization being evaluated
Furthermore, board members enhance and advance the Malcolm Baldrige
National Quality Award as it serves to stimulate American companies and
organizations to improve quality, productivity, and overall performance.
All board members pledge to abide by this Code of Ethical Conduct.
Key Factors Worksheet
To begin the evaluation process, review the applicant's Organizational
Profile and the Additional Information Needed Form. List the key
business/organization factors for this applicant, using the Areas to
Address (Organizational Environment, Organizational Relationships,
Competitive Environment, Strategic Challenges, and Performance
Improvement System) in the order presented in the Preface:
Organizational Profile section of the appropriate *Criteria for
Performance Excellence* booklet.
**P.1a Organizational Environment**
-
**P.1b Organizational Relationships**
- **P.2a Competitive Environment**
-
**P.2b Strategic Challenges**
-
**P.2c Performance Improvement System**
- **(For Stage 3, Site Visit Use)** Thinking about the questions in
the Organizational Profile, did the team have any new insights about
the applicant as a result of the site visit? If so, please describe.
Key Themes Worksheet
The Key Themes Worksheet provides an overall summary of the key
points in the evaluation of the application and is an assessment of
the key themes to be explored if the applicant proceeds to Stage 2,
Consensus Review and Stage 3, Site Visit Review. A key theme is a
strength or opportunity for improvement that addresses a central
requirement of the Criteria, is common to more than one Item or
Category (cross-cutting), is especially significant in terms of the
applicant's key factors, and/or addresses a Core Value of the
Criteria.
The Key Themes Worksheet should respond to the three questions
below:
**a. What are the most important strengths or outstanding practices (of
potential value to other organizations) identified?**
-
**b. What are the most significant opportunities, concerns, or
vulnerabilities identified?**
-
**c. Considering the applicant's key business/organization factors, what
are the most significant strengths, opportunities, vulnerabilities,
and/or gaps (related to data, comparisons, and linkages) found in its
response to Results Items?**
-
Item Worksheet---Item 1.1
Prepare one Item Worksheet for each Item, capturing the 6--10 most
important strengths and opportunities for improvement based on the
applicant's response to the Criteria requirements and its key
business/organization factors.
**Indicate the 4**--**6 most important key business/organization factors
relevant to this Item.**
1\.
2\.
3\.
4\.
5\.
6\.
**Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement:**
- Include an indication of the relative importance/strength of the
comment by using ++ or - - as appropriate.
- Include a reference to the most relevant key factor(s).
- Include an indication of which process evaluation factors are
addressed in this comment:
A=Approach D=Deployment L=Learning I=Integration
**STRENGTHS**
*(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin the
next comment.)*
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**+/++** **Item **KF **A/D/L/I** **STRENGTHS**
Ref.** Ref.**
---------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
***(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin
the next comment.)***
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**-/- **Item **KF **A/D/L/I** **OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
-** Ref.** Ref.**
------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Stage 1 or 2 Percent Score %**
**(Stage 1 scores should be in 5% increments, e.g., 25, 40, 55.)**
**Site Visit Issues (for Stage 3, Site Visit Use)**
-
**Scoring Range Resulting From Site Visit Findings (from the Scoring
Guidelines)
[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**
**Change from Consensus: higher range same range lower range**
Item Worksheet---Item 1.2
Prepare one Item Worksheet for each Item, capturing the 6--10 most
important strengths and opportunities for improvement based on the
applicant's response to the Criteria requirements and its key
business/organization factors.
**Indicate the 4**--**6 most important key business/organization factors
relevant to this Item.**
1\.
2\.
3\.
4\.
5\.
6\.
**Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement:**
- Include an indication of the relative importance/strength of the
comment by using ++ or - - as appropriate.
- Include a reference to the most relevant key factor(s).
- Include an indication of which process evaluation factors are
addressed in this comment: A=Approach D=Deployment L=Learning
I=Integration
**STRENGTHS**
*(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin the
next comment.)*
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**+/++** **Item **KF **A/D/L/I** **STRENGTHS**
Ref.** Ref.**
---------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
***(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin
the next comment.)***
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**-/- **Item **KF **A/D/L/I** **OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
-** Ref.** Ref.**
------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Stage 1 or 2 Percent Score %**
**(Stage 1 scores should be in 5% increments, e.g., 25, 40, 55.)**
**Site Visit Issues (for Stage 3, Site Visit Use)**
-
**Scoring Range Resulting From Site Visit Findings (from the Scoring
Guidelines)
[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**
**Change from Consensus: higher range same range lower**
Item Worksheet---Item 2.1
Prepare one Item Worksheet for each Item, capturing the 6--10 most
important strengths and opportunities for improvement based on the
applicant's response to the Criteria requirements and its key
business/organization factors.
**Indicate the 4**--**6 most important key business/organization factors
relevant to this Item.**
1\.
2\.
3\.
4\.
5\.
6\.
**Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement:**
- Include an indication of the relative importance/strength of the
comment by using ++ or - - as appropriate.
- Include a reference to the most relevant key factor(s).
- Include an indication of which process evaluation factors are
addressed in this comment: A=Approach D=Deployment L=Learning
I=Integration
**STRENGTHS**
*(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin the
next comment.)*
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**+/++** **Item **KF **A/D/L/I** **STRENGTHS**
Ref.** Ref.**
---------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
***(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin
the next comment.)***
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**-/- **Item **KF **A/D/L/I** **OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
-** Ref.** Ref.**
------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Stage 1 or 2 Percent Score %**
**(Stage 1 scores should be in 5% increments, e.g., 25, 40, 55.)**
**Site Visit Issues (for Stage 3, Site Visit Use)**
-
**Scoring Range Resulting From Site Visit Findings (from the Scoring
Guidelines)
[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**
**Change from Consensus: higher range same range lower range**
Item Worksheet---Item 2.2
Prepare one Item Worksheet for each Item, capturing the 6--10 most
important strengths and opportunities for improvement based on the
applicant's response to the Criteria requirements and its key
business/organization factors.
**Indicate the 4**--**6 most important key business/organization factors
relevant to this Item.**
1\.
2\.
3\.
4\.
5\.
6\.
**Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement:**
- Include an indication of the relative importance/strength of the
comment by using ++ or - - as appropriate.
- Include a reference to the most relevant key factor(s).
- Include an indication of which process evaluation factors are
addressed in this comment: A=Approach D=Deployment L=Learning
I=Integration
**STRENGTHS**
*(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin the
next comment.)*
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**+/++** **Item **KF **A/D/L/I** **STRENGTHS**
Ref.** Ref.**
---------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
***(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin
the next comment.)***
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**-/- **Item **KF **A/D/L/I** **OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
-** Ref.** Ref.**
------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Stage 1 or 2 Percent Score %**
**(Stage 1 scores should be in 5% increments, e.g., 25, 40, 55.)**
**Site Visit Issues (for Stage 3, Site Visit Use)**
-
**Scoring Range Resulting From Site Visit Findings (from the Scoring
Guidelines)
[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**
**Change from Consensus: higher range same range lower range**
Item Worksheet---Item 3.1
Prepare one Item Worksheet for each Item, capturing the 6--10 most
important strengths and opportunities for improvement based on the
applicant's response to the Criteria requirements and its key
business/organization factors.
**Indicate the 4**--**6 most important key business/organization factors
relevant to this Item.**
1\.
2\.
3\.
4\.
5\.
6\.
**Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement:**
- Include an indication of the relative importance/strength of the
comment by using ++ or - - as appropriate.
- Include a reference to the most relevant key factor(s).
- Include an indication of which process evaluation factors are
addressed in this comment: A=Approach D=Deployment L=Learning
I=Integration
**STRENGTHS**
*(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin the
next comment.)*
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**+/++** **Item **KF **A/D/L/I** **STRENGTHS**
Ref.** Ref.**
---------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
***(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin
the next comment.)***
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**-/- **Item **KF **A/D/L/I** **OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
-** Ref.** Ref.**
------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Stage 1 or 2 Percent Score %**
**(Stage 1 scores should be in 5% increments, e.g., 25, 40, 55.)**
**Site Visit Issues (for Stage 3, Site Visit Use)**
-
**Scoring Range Resulting From Site Visit Findings (from the Scoring
Guidelines)
[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**
**Change from Consensus: higher range same range lower range**
Item Worksheet---Item 3.2
Prepare one Item Worksheet for each Item, capturing the 6--10 most
important strengths and opportunities for improvement based on the
applicant's response to the Criteria requirements and its key
business/organization factors.
**Indicate the 4**--**6 most important key business/organization factors
relevant to this Item.**
1\.
2\.
3\.
4\.
5\.
6\.
**Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement:**
- Include an indication of the relative importance/strength of the
comment by using ++ or - - as appropriate.
- Include a reference to the most relevant key factor(s).
- Include an indication of which process evaluation factors are
addressed in this comment: A=Approach D=Deployment L=Learning
I=Integration
**STRENGTHS**
*(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin the
next comment.)*
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**+/++** **Item **KF **A/D/L/I** **STRENGTHS**
Ref.** Ref.**
---------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
***(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin
the next comment.)***
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**-/- **Item **KF **A/D/L/I** **OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
-** Ref.** Ref.**
------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Stage 1 or 2 Percent Score %**
**(Stage 1 scores should be in 5% increments, e.g., 25, 40, 55.)**
**Site Visit Issues (for Stage 3, Site Visit Use)**
-
**Scoring Range Resulting From Site Visit Findings (from the Scoring
Guidelines)
[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**
**Change from Consensus: higher range same range lower range**
Item Worksheet---Item 4.1
Prepare one Item Worksheet for each Item, capturing the 6--10 most
important strengths and opportunities for improvement based on the
applicant's response to the Criteria requirements and its key
business/organization factors.
**Indicate the 4**--**6 most important key business/organization factors
relevant to this Item.**
1\.
2\.
3\.
4\.
5\.
6\.
**Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement:**
- Include an indication of the relative importance/strength of the
comment by using ++ or - - as appropriate.
- Include a reference to the most relevant key factor(s).
- Include an indication of which process evaluation factors are
addressed in this comment: A=Approach D=Deployment L=Learning
I=Integration
**STRENGTHS**
*(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin the
next comment.)*
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**+/++** **Item **KF **A/D/L/I** **STRENGTHS**
Ref.** Ref.**
---------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
***(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin
the next comment.)***
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**-/- **Item **KF **A/D/L/I** **OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
-** Ref.** Ref.**
------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Stage 1 or 2 Percent Score %**
**(Stage 1 scores should be in 5% increments, e.g., 25, 40, 55.)**
**Site Visit Issues (for Stage 3, Site Visit Use)**
-
**Scoring Range Resulting From Site Visit Findings (from the Scoring
Guidelines)
[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**
**Change from Consensus: higher range same range lower range**
Item Worksheet---Item 4.2
Prepare one Item Worksheet for each Item, capturing the 6--10 most
important strengths and opportunities for improvement based on the
applicant's response to the Criteria requirements and its key
business/organization factors.
**Indicate the 4**--**6 most important key business/organization factors
relevant to this Item.**
1\.
2\.
3\.
4\.
5\.
6\.
**Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement:**
- Include an indication of the relative importance/strength of the
comment by using ++ or - - as appropriate.
- Include a reference to the most relevant key factor(s).
- Include an indication of which process evaluation factors are
addressed in this comment: A=Approach D=Deployment L=Learning
I=Integration
**STRENGTHS**
*(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin the
next comment.)*
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**+/++** **Item **KF **A/D/L/I** **STRENGTHS**
Ref.** Ref.**
---------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
***(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin
the next comment.)***
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**-/- **Item **KF **A/D/L/I** **OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
-** Ref.** Ref.**
------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Stage 1 or 2 Percent Score %**
**(Stage 1 scores should be in 5% increments, e.g., 25, 40, 55.)**
**Site Visit Issues (for Stage 3, Site Visit Use)**
-
**Scoring Range Resulting From Site Visit Findings (from the Scoring
Guidelines)
[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**
**Change from Consensus: higher range same range lower range**
Item Worksheet---Item 5.1
Prepare one Item Worksheet for each Item, capturing the 6--10 most
important strengths and opportunities for improvement based on the
applicant's response to the Criteria requirements and its key
business/organization factors.
**Indicate the 4**--**6 most important key business/organization factors
relevant to this Item.**
1\.
2\.
3\.
4\.
5\.
6\.
**Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement:**
- Include an indication of the relative importance/strength of the
comment by using ++ or - - as appropriate.
- Include a reference to the most relevant key factor(s).
- Include an indication of which process evaluation factors are
addressed in this comment: A=Approach D=Deployment L=Learning
I=Integration
**STRENGTHS**
*(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin the
next comment.)*
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**+/++** **Item **KF **A/D/L/I** **STRENGTHS**
Ref.** Ref.**
---------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
***(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin
the next comment.)***
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**-/- **Item **KF **A/D/L/I** **OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
-** Ref.** Ref.**
------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Stage 1 or 2 Percent Score %**
**(Stage 1 scores should be in 5% increments, e.g., 25, 40, 55.)**
**Site Visit Issues (for Stage 3, Site Visit Use)**
-
**Scoring Range Resulting From Site Visit Findings (from the Scoring
Guidelines)
[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**
**Change from Consensus: higher range same range lower range**
Item Worksheet---Item 5.2
Prepare one Item Worksheet for each Item, capturing the 6--10 most
important strengths and opportunities for improvement based on the
applicant's response to the Criteria requirements and its key
business/organization factors.
**Indicate the 4**--**6 most important key business/organization factors
relevant to this Item.**
1\.
2\.
3\.
4\.
5\.
6\.
**Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement:**
- Include an indication of the relative importance/strength of the
comment by using ++ or - - as appropriate.
- Include a reference to the most relevant key factor(s).
- Include an indication of which process evaluation factors are
addressed in this comment: A=Approach D=Deployment L=Learning
I=Integration
**STRENGTHS**
*(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin the
next comment.)*
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**+/++** **Item **KF **A/D/L/I** **STRENGTHS**
Ref.** Ref.**
---------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
***(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin
the next comment.)***
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**-/- **Item **KF **A/D/L/I** **OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
-** Ref.** Ref.**
------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Stage 1 or 2 Percent Score %**
**(Stage 1 scores should be in 5% increments, e.g., 25, 40, 55.)**
**Site Visit Issues (for Stage 3, Site Visit Use)**
-
**Scoring Range Resulting From Site Visit Findings (from the Scoring
Guidelines)
[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**
**Change from Consensus: higher range same range lower range**
Item Worksheet---Item 5.3
Prepare one Item Worksheet for each Item, capturing the 6--10 most
important strengths and opportunities for improvement based on the
applicant's response to the Criteria requirements and its key
business/organization factors.
**Indicate the 4**--**6 most important key business/organization factors
relevant to this Item.**
1\.
2\.
3\.
4\.
5\.
6\.
**Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement:**
- Include an indication of the relative importance/strength of the
comment by using ++ or - - as appropriate.
- Include a reference to the most relevant key factor(s).
- Include an indication of which process evaluation factors are
addressed in this comment: A=Approach D=Deployment L=Learning
I=Integration
**STRENGTHS**
*(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin the
next comment.)*
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**+/++** **Item **KF **A/D/L/I** **STRENGTHS**
Ref.** Ref.**
---------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
***(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin
the next comment.)***
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**-/- **Item **KF **A/D/L/I** **OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
-** Ref.** Ref.**
------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Stage 1 or 2 Percent Score %**
**(Stage 1 scores should be in 5% increments, e.g., 25, 40, 55.)**
**Site Visit Issues (for Stage 3, Site Visit Use)**
-
**Scoring Range Resulting From Site Visit Findings (from the Scoring
Guidelines)
[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**
Change from Consensus: higher range same range lower range
Item Worksheet---Item 6.1
Prepare one Item Worksheet for each Item, capturing the 6--10 most
important strengths and opportunities for improvement based on the
applicant's response to the Criteria requirements and its key
business/organization factors.
**Indicate the 4**--**6 most important key business/organization factors
relevant to this Item.**
1\.
2\.
3\.
4\.
5\.
6\.
**Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement:**
- Include an indication of the relative importance/strength of the
comment by using ++ or - - as appropriate.
- Include a reference to the most relevant key factor(s).
- Include an indication of which process evaluation factors are
addressed in this comment: A=Approach D=Deployment L=Learning
I=Integration
**STRENGTHS**
*(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin the
next comment.)*
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**+/++** **Item **KF **A/D/L/I** **STRENGTHS**
Ref.** Ref.**
---------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
***(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin
the next comment.)***
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**-/- **Item **KF **A/D/L/I** **OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
-** Ref.** Ref.**
------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Stage 1 or 2 Percent Score %**
**(Stage 1 scores should be in 5% increments, e.g., 25, 40, 55.)**
**Site Visit Issues (for Stage 3, Site Visit Use)**
-
**Scoring Range Resulting From Site Visit Findings (from the Scoring
Guidelines)
[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**
**Change from Consensus: higher range same range lower range**
Item Worksheet---Item 6.2
Prepare one Item Worksheet for each Item, capturing the 6--10 most
important strengths and opportunities for improvement based on the
applicant's response to the Criteria requirements and its key
business/organization factors.
**Indicate the 4**--**6 most important key business/organization factors
relevant to this Item.**
1\.
2\.
3\.
4\.
5\.
6\.
**Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement:**
- Include an indication of the relative importance/strength of the
comment by using ++ or - - as appropriate.
- Include a reference to the most relevant key factor(s).
- Include an indication of which process evaluation factors are
addressed in this comment: A=Approach D=Deployment L=Learning
I=Integration
**STRENGTHS**
*(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin the
next comment.)*
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**+/++** **Item **KF **A/D/L/I** **STRENGTHS**
Ref.** Ref.**
---------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
***(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin
the next comment.)***
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**-/- **Item **KF **A/D/L/I** **OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
-** Ref.** Ref.**
------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Stage 1 or 2 Percent Score %**
**(Stage 1 scores should be in 5% increments, e.g., 25, 40, 55.)**
**Site Visit Issues (for Stage 3, Site Visit Use)**
-
**Scoring Range Resulting From Site Visit Findings (from the Scoring
Guidelines)
[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**
**Change from Consensus: higher range same range lower range**
Item Worksheet---Item 7.1
Prepare one Item Worksheet for each Item, capturing the 6--10 most
important strengths and opportunities for improvement based on the
applicant's response to the Criteria requirements and its key
business/organization factors.
**Indicate the 4**--**6 most important key business/organization factors
relevant to this Item.**
1\.
2\.
3\.
4\.
5\.
6\.
**Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement:**
- Include an indication of the relative importance/strength of the
comment by using ++ or - - as appropriate.
- Include a reference to the most relevant key factor(s).
- Include an indication of which process evaluation factors are
addressed in this comment: Le = Performance Levels T = Trends C =
Comparisons Li = Linkages G = Gaps
**STRENGTHS**
*(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin the
next comment.)*
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**+/++** **Item **KF **Le/T/C/Li** **STRENGTHS**
Ref.** Ref.**
---------- -------- -------- --------------- ------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
***(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin
the next comment.)***
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**-/- **Item **KF **Le/T/C/Li/G** **OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
-** Ref.** Ref.**
------- -------- -------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Stage 1 or 2 Percent Score %**
**(Stage 1 scores should be in 5% increments, e.g., 25, 40, 55.)**
**Site Visit Issues (for Stage 3, Site Visit Use)**
-
**Scoring Range Resulting From Site Visit Findings (from the Scoring
Guidelines)
[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**
**Change from Consensus: higher range same range lower range**
Item Worksheet---Item 7.2
Prepare one Item Worksheet for each Item, capturing the 6--10 most
important strengths and opportunities for improvement based on the
applicant's response to the Criteria requirements and its key
business/organization factors.
**Indicate the 4**--**6 most important key business/organization factors
relevant to this Item.**
1\.
2\.
3\.
4\.
5\.
6\.
**Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement:**
- Include an indication of the relative importance/strength of the
comment by using ++ or - - as appropriate.
- Include a reference to the most relevant key factor(s).
- Include an indication of which process evaluation factors are
addressed in this comment: Le = Performance Levels T = Trends C =
Comparisons Li = Linkages G = Gaps
**STRENGTHS**
*(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin the
next comment.)*
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**+/++** **Item **KF **Le/T/C/Li** **STRENGTHS**
Ref.** Ref.**
---------- -------- -------- --------------- ------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
***(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin
the next comment.)***
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**-/- **Item **KF **Le/T/C/Li/G** **OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
-** Ref.** Ref.**
------- -------- -------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Stage 1 or 2 Percent Score %**
**(Stage 1 scores should be in 5% increments, e.g., 25, 40, 55.)**
**Site Visit Issues (for Stage 3, Site Visit Use)**
-
**Scoring Range Resulting From Site Visit Findings (from the Scoring
Guidelines)
[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**
**Change from Consensus: higher range same range lower range**
Item Worksheet---Item 7.3
Prepare one Item Worksheet for each Item, capturing the 6--10 most
important strengths and opportunities for improvement based on the
applicant's response to the Criteria requirements and its key
business/organization factors.
**Indicate the 4**--**6 most important key business/organization factors
relevant to this Item.**
1\.
2\.
3\.
4\.
5\.
6\.
**Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement:**
- Include an indication of the relative importance/strength of the
comment by using ++ or - - as appropriate.
- Include a reference to the most relevant key factor(s).
- Include an indication of which process evaluation factors are
addressed in this comment: Le = Performance Levels T = Trends C =
Comparisons Li = Linkages G = Gaps
**STRENGTHS**
*(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin the
next comment.)*
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**+/++** **Item **KF **Le/T/C/Li** **STRENGTHS**
Ref.** Ref.**
---------- -------- -------- --------------- ------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
***(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin
the next comment.)***
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**-/- **Item **KF **Le/T/C/Li/G** **OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
-** Ref.** Ref.**
------- -------- -------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Stage 1 or 2 Percent Score %**
**(Stage 1 scores should be in 5% increments, e.g., 25, 40, 55.)**
**Site Visit Issues (for Stage 3, Site Visit Use)**
-
**Scoring Range Resulting From Site Visit Findings (from the Scoring
Guidelines)
[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**
**Change from Consensus: higher range same range lower range**
Item Worksheet---Item 7.4
Prepare one Item Worksheet for each Item, capturing the 6--10 most
important strengths and opportunities for improvement based on the
applicant's response to the Criteria requirements and its key
business/organization factors.
**Indicate the 4**--**6 most important key business/organization factors
relevant to this Item.**
1\.
2\.
3\.
4\.
5\.
6\.
**Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement:**
- Include an indication of the relative importance/strength of the
comment by using ++ or - - as appropriate.
- Include a reference to the most relevant key factor(s).
- Include an indication of which process evaluation factors are
addressed in this comment: Le = Performance Levels T = Trends C =
Comparisons Li = Linkages G = Gaps
**STRENGTHS**
*(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin the
next comment.)*
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**+/++** **Item **KF **Le/T/C/Li** **STRENGTHS**
Ref.** Ref.**
---------- -------- -------- --------------- ------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
***(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin
the next comment.)***
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**-/- **Item **KF **Le/T/C/Li/G** **OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
-** Ref.** Ref.**
------- -------- -------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Stage 1 or 2 Percent Score %**
**(Stage 1 scores should be in 5% increments, e.g., 25, 40, 55.)**
**Site Visit Issues (for Stage 3, Site Visit Use)**
-
**Scoring Range Resulting From Site Visit Findings (from the Scoring
Guidelines)
[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**
**Change from Consensus: higher range same range lower range**
Item Worksheet---Item 7.5
Prepare one Item Worksheet for each Item, capturing the 6--10 most
important strengths and opportunities for improvement based on the
applicant's response to the Criteria requirements and its key
business/organization factors.
**Indicate the 4**--**6 most important key business/organization factors
relevant to this Item**
1\.
2\.
3\.
4\.
5\.
6\.
**Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement:**
- Include an indication of the relative importance/strength of the
comment by using ++ or - - as appropriate.
- Include a reference to the most relevant key factor(s).
- Include an indication of which process evaluation factors are
addressed in this comment: Le = Performance Levels T = Trends C =
Comparisons Li = Linkages G = Gaps
**STRENGTHS**
*(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin the
next comment.)*
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**+/++** **Item **KF **Le/T/C/Li** **STRENGTHS**
Ref.** Ref.**
---------- -------- -------- --------------- ------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
***(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin
the next comment.)***
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**-/- **Item **KF **Le/T/C/Li/G** **OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
-** Ref.** Ref.**
------- -------- -------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Stage 1 or 2 Percent Score %**
**(Stage 1 scores should be in 5% increments, e.g., 25, 40, 55.)**
**Site Visit Issues (for Stage 3, Site Visit Use)**
-
**Scoring Range Resulting From Site Visit Findings (from the Scoring
Guidelines)
[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**
Change from Consensus: higher range same range lower range
Item Worksheet---Item 7.6
Prepare one Item Worksheet for each Item, capturing the 6--10 most
important strengths and opportunities for improvement based on the
applicant's response to the Criteria requirements and its key
business/organization factors.
**Indicate the 4**--**6 most important key business/organization factors
relevant to this Item.**
1\.
2\.
3\.
4\.
5\.
6\.
**Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement:**
- Include an indication of the relative importance/strength of the
comment by using ++ or - - as appropriate.
- Include a reference to the most relevant key factor(s).
- Include an indication of which process evaluation factors are
addressed in this comment: Le = Performance Levels T = Trends C =
Comparisons Li = Linkages G = Gaps
**STRENGTHS**
*(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin the
next comment.)*
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**+/++** **Item **KF **Le/T/C/Li** **STRENGTHS**
Ref.** Ref.**
---------- -------- -------- --------------- ------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
***(Tab to move to the next column; tab from the final column to begin
the next comment.)***
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**-/- **Item **KF **Le/T/C/Li/G** **OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT**
-** Ref.** Ref.**
------- -------- -------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Stage 1 or 2 Percent Score %**
**(Stage 1 scores should be in 5% increments, e.g., 25, 40, 55.)**
**Site Visit Issues (for Stage 3, Site Visit Use)**
-
**Scoring Range Resulting From Site Visit Findings (from the Scoring
Guidelines)
[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**
**Change from Consensus: higher range same range lower range**
2006 Scoring Guidelines---Business criteria
+----+----------------------------------+------------------------------+
| * | **PROCESS (For Use With | **RESULTS (For Use With |
| *S | Categories 1--6)** | Category 7)** |
| CO | | |
| RE | | |
| ** | | |
+----+----------------------------------+------------------------------+
| ** | - No systematic approach is | - There are no |
| 0% | evident; information is | organizational |
| or | anecdotal. (A) | performance results or |
| 5% | | poor results in areas |
| ** | - Little or no deployment of | reported. |
| | an approach is evident. (D) | |
| | | - Trend data are either |
| | - An improvement orientation | not reported or show |
| | is not evident; improvement | mainly adverse trends. |
| | is achieved through reacting | |
| | to problems. (L) | - Comparative information |
| | | is not reported. |
| | - No organizational alignment | |
| | is evident; individual areas | - Results are not reported |
| | or work units operate | for any areas of |
| | independently. (I) | importance to your |
| | | organization's key |
| | | mission or business |
| | | requirements. |
+----+----------------------------------+------------------------------+
| ** | - The beginning of a | - A few organizational |
| 10 | systematic approach to the | performance results are |
| %, | basic requirements of the | reported; there are some |
| 15 | Item is evident. (A) | improvements and/or |
| %, | | early good performance |
| 20 | - The approach is in the early | levels in a few areas. |
| %, | stages of deployment in most | |
| or | areas or work units, | - Little or no trend data |
| 2 | inhibiting progress in | are reported. |
| 5% | achieving the basic | |
| ** | requirements of the Item. | - Little or no comparative |
| | (D) | information is reported. |
| | | |
| | - Early stages of a transition | - Results are reported for |
| | from reacting to problems to | a few areas of |
| | a general improvement | importance to your |
| | orientation are evident. (L) | organization's key |
| | | mission or business |
| | - The approach is aligned with | requirements. |
| | other areas or work units | |
| | largely through joint | |
| | problem solving. (I) | |
+----+----------------------------------+------------------------------+
| ** | - An effective systematic | - Improvements and/or good |
| 30 | approach, responsive to the | performance levels are |
| %, | basic requirements of the | reported in many areas |
| 35 | Item, is evident. (A) | addressed in the Item |
| %, | | requirements. |
| 40 | - The approach is deployed, | |
| %, | although some areas or work | - Early stages of |
| or | units are in early stages of | developing trends are |
| 4 | deployment. (D) | evident. |
| 5% | | |
| ** | - The beginning of a | - Early stages of |
| | systematic approach to | obtaining comparative |
| | evaluation and improvement | information are evident. |
| | of key processes is evident. | |
| | (L) | - Results are reported for |
| | | many areas of importance |
| | - The approach is in early | to your organization's |
| | stages of alignment with | key mission or business |
| | your basic organizational | requirements. |
| | needs identified in response | |
| | to the other Criteria | |
| | Categories. (I) | |
+----+----------------------------------+------------------------------+
| ** | - An effective systematic | - Improvement trends |
| 50 | approach, responsive to the | and/or good performance |
| %, | overall requirements of the | levels are reported for |
| 55 | Item, is evident. (A) | most areas addressed in |
| %, | | the Item requirements. |
| 60 | - The approach is well | |
| %, | deployed, although | - No pattern of adverse |
| or | deployment may vary in some | trends and no poor |
| 6 | areas or work units. (D) | performance levels are |
| 5% | | evident in areas of |
| ** | - A fact-based, systematic | importance to your |
| | evaluation and improvement | organization's key |
| | process and some | mission or business |
| | organizational learning are | requirements. |
| | in place for improving the | |
| | efficiency and effectiveness | - Some trends and/or |
| | of key processes. (L) | current performance |
| | | levels---evaluated |
| | - The approach is aligned with | against relevant |
| | your organizational needs | comparisons and/or |
| | identified in response to | benchmarks---show areas |
| | the other Criteria | of good to very good |
| | Categories. (I) | relative performance. |
| | | |
| | | - Organizational |
| | | performance results |
| | | address most key |
| | | customer, market, and |
| | | process requirements. |
+----+----------------------------------+------------------------------+
| ** | - An effective, systematic | - Current performance is |
| 70 | approach, responsive to the | good to excellent in |
| %, | multiple requirements of the | most areas of importance |
| 75 | Item, is evident. (A) | to the Item |
| %, | | requirements. |
| 80 | - The approach is well | |
| %, | deployed, with no | - Most improvement trends |
| or | significant gaps. (D) | and/or current |
| 8 | | performance levels are |
| 5% | - Fact-based, systematic | sustained. |
| ** | evaluation and improvement | |
| | and organizational learning | - Many to most reported |
| | are key management tools; | trends and/or current |
| | there is clear evidence of | performance |
| | refinement and innovation as | levels---evaluated |
| | a result of | against relevant |
| | organizational-level | comparisons and/or |
| | analysis and sharing. (L) | benchmarks---show areas |
| | | of leadership and very |
| | - The approach is integrated | good relative |
| | with your organizational | performance. |
| | needs identified in response | |
| | to the other Criteria Items. | - Organizational |
| | (I) | performance results |
| | | address most key |
| | | customer, market, |
| | | process, and action plan |
| | | requirements. |
+----+----------------------------------+------------------------------+
| ** | - An effective, systematic | - Current performance is |
| 90 | approach, fully responsive | excellent in most areas |
| %, | to the multiple requirements | of importance to the |
| 95 | of the Item, is evident. (A) | Item requirements. |
| %, | | |
| ** | - The approach is fully | - Excellent improvement |
| | deployed without significant | trends and/or sustained |
| ** | weaknesses or gaps in any | excellent performance |
| or | areas or work units. (D) | levels are reported in |
| 10 | | most areas. |
| 0% | - Fact-based, systematic | |
| ** | evaluation and improvement | - Evidence of industry and |
| | and organizational learning | benchmark leadership is |
| | are key organization-wide | demonstrated in many |
| | tools; refinement and | areas. |
| | innovation, backed by | |
| | analysis and sharing, are | - Organizational |
| | evident throughout the | performance results |
| | organization. (L) | fully address key |
| | | customer, market, |
| | - The approach is well | process, and action plan |
| | integrated with your | requirements. |
| | organizational needs | |
| | identified in response to | |
| | the other Criteria Items. | |
| | (I) | |
+----+----------------------------------+------------------------------+
2006 Scoring Guidelines---Education criteria
+----+----------------------------------+------------------------------+
| * | **PROCESS (For Use With | **RESULTS (For Use With |
| *S | Categories 1--6)** | Category 7)** |
| CO | | |
| RE | | |
| ** | | |
+----+----------------------------------+------------------------------+
| ** | - No systematic approach is | - There are no |
| 0% | evident; information is | organizational |
| or | anecdotal. (A) | performance results or |
| 5% | | poor results in areas |
| ** | - Little or no deployment of | reported. |
| | an approach is evident. (D) | |
| | | - Trend data are either |
| | - An improvement orientation | not reported or show |
| | is not evident; improvement | mainly adverse trends. |
| | is achieved through reacting | |
| | to problems. (L) | - Comparative information |
| | | is not reported. |
| | - No organizational alignment | |
| | is evident; individual areas | - Results are not reported |
| | or work units operate | for any areas of |
| | independently. (I) | importance to your key |
| | | mission or |
| | | organizational |
| | | requirements. |
+----+----------------------------------+------------------------------+
| ** | - The beginning of a | - A few organizational |
| 10 | systematic approach to the | performance results are |
| %, | basic requirements of the | reported; there are some |
| 15 | Item is evident. (A) | improvements and/or |
| %, | | early good performance |
| 20 | - The approach is in the early | levels in a few areas. |
| %, | stages of deployment in most | |
| or | areas or work units, | - Little or no trend data |
| 2 | inhibiting progress in | are reported. |
| 5% | achieving the basic | |
| ** | requirements of the Item. | - Little or no comparative |
| | (D) | information is reported. |
| | | |
| | - Early stages of a transition | - Results are reported for |
| | from reacting to problems to | a few areas of |
| | a general improvement | importance to your key |
| | orientation are evident. (L) | mission or |
| | | organizational |
| | - The approach is aligned with | requirements. |
| | other areas or work units | |
| | largely through joint | |
| | problem solving. (I) | |
+----+----------------------------------+------------------------------+
| ** | - An effective, systematic | - Improvements and/or good |
| 30 | approach, responsive to the | performance levels are |
| %, | basic requirements of the | reported in many areas |
| 35 | Item, is evident. (A) | addressed in the Item |
| %, | | requirements. |
| 40 | - The approach is deployed, | |
| %, | although some areas or work | - Early stages of |
| or | units are in early stages of | developing trends are |
| 4 | deployment. (D) | evident. |
| 5% | | |
| ** | - The beginning of a | - Early stages of |
| | systematic approach to | obtaining comparative |
| | evaluation and improvement | information are evident. |
| | of key processes is evident. | |
| | (L) | - Results are reported for |
| | | many areas of importance |
| | - The approach is in early | to your key mission or |
| | stages of alignment with | organizational |
| | your basic organizational | requirements. |
| | needs identified in response | |
| | to the other Criteria | |
| | Categories. (I) | |
+----+----------------------------------+------------------------------+
| ** | - An effective, systematic | - Improvement trends |
| 50 | approach, responsive to the | and/or good performance |
| %, | overall requirements of the | levels are reported for |
| 55 | Item, is evident. (A) | most areas addressed in |
| %, | | the Item requirements. |
| 60 | - The approach is well | |
| %, | deployed, although | - No pattern of adverse |
| or | deployment may vary in some | trends and no poor |
| 6 | areas or work units. (D) | performance levels are |
| 5% | | evident in areas of |
| ** | - A fact-based, systematic | importance to your key |
| | evaluation and improvement | mission or |
| | process and some | organizational |
| | organizational learning are | requirements. |
| | in place for improving the | |
| | efficiency and effectiveness | - Some trends and/or |
| | of key processes. (L) | current performance |
| | | levels---evaluated |
| | - The approach is aligned with | against relevant |
| | your organizational needs | comparisons and/or |
| | identified in response to | benchmarks---show areas |
| | the other Criteria | of good to very good |
| | Categories. (I) | relative performance. |
| | | |
| | | - Organizational |
| | | performance results |
| | | address most key |
| | | student, stakeholder, |
| | | market, and process |
| | | requirements. |
+----+----------------------------------+------------------------------+
| ** | - An effective, systematic | - Current performance is |
| 70 | approach, responsive to the | good to excellent in |
| %, | multiple requirements of the | most areas of importance |
| 75 | Item, is evident. (A) | to the Item |
| %, | | requirements. |
| 80 | - The approach is well | |
| %, | deployed, with no | - Most improvement trends |
| or | significant gaps. (D) | and/or current |
| 8 | | performance levels are |
| 5% | - Fact-based, systematic | sustained. |
| ** | evaluation and improvement | |
| | and organizational learning | - Many to most reported |
| | are key management tools; | trends and/or current |
| | there is clear evidence of | performance |
| | refinement and innovation as | levels---evaluated |
| | a result of | against relevant |
| | organizational-level | comparisons and/or |
| | analysis and sharing. (L) | benchmarks---show areas |
| | | of leadership and very |
| | - The approach is integrated | good relative |
| | with your organizational | performance. |
| | needs identified in response | |
| | to the other Criteria Items. | - Organizational |
| | (I) | performance results |
| | | address most key |
| | | student, stakeholder, |
| | | market, process, and |
| | | action plan |
| | | requirements. |
+----+----------------------------------+------------------------------+
| ** | - An effective, systematic | - Current performance is |
| 90 | approach, fully responsive | excellent in most areas |
| %, | to the multiple requirements | of importance to the |
| 95 | of the Item, is evident. (A) | Item requirements. |
| %, | | |
| ** | - The approach is fully | - Excellent improvement |
| | deployed without significant | trends and/or sustained |
| ** | weaknesses or gaps in any | excellent performance |
| or | areas or work units. (D) | levels are reported in |
| 10 | | most areas. |
| 0% | - Fact-based, systematic | |
| ** | evaluation and improvement | - Evidence of education |
| | and organizational learning | sector and benchmark |
| | are key organization-wide | leadership is |
| | tools; refinement and | demonstrated in many |
| | innovation, backed by | areas. |
| | analysis and sharing, are | |
| | evident throughout the | - Organizational |
| | organization. (L) | performance results |
| | | fully address key |
| | - The approach is well | student, stakeholder, |
| | integrated with your | market, process, and |
| | organizational needs | action plan |
| | identified in response to | requirements. |
| | the other Criteria Items. | |
| | (I) | |
+----+----------------------------------+------------------------------+
**2006 Scoring Guidelines---HEALTH CARE criteria**
+----+----------------------------------+------------------------------+
| * | **PROCESS (For Use With | **RESULTS (For Use With |
| *S | Categories 1 -- 6)** | Category 7)** |
| CO | | |
| RE | | |
| ** | | |
+----+----------------------------------+------------------------------+
| ** | - No systematic approach is | - There are no |
| 0% | evident; information is | organizational |
| or | anecdotal. (A) | performance results or |
| 5% | | poor results in areas |
| ** | - Little or no deployment of | reported. |
| | an approach is evident. (D) | |
| | | - Trend data are either |
| | - An improvement orientation | not reported or show |
| | is not evident; improvement | mainly adverse trends. |
| | is achieved through reacting | |
| | to problems. (L) | - Comparative information |
| | | is not reported. |
| | - No organizational alignment | |
| | is evident; individual areas | - Results are not reported |
| | or work units operate | for any areas of |
| | independently. (I) | importance to your key |
| | | mission or |
| | | organizational |
| | | requirements. |
+----+----------------------------------+------------------------------+
| ** | - The beginning of a | - A few organizational |
| 10 | systematic approach to the | performance results are |
| %, | basic requirements of the | reported; there are some |
| 15 | Item is evident. (A) | improvements and/or |
| %, | | early good performance |
| 20 | - The approach is in the early | levels in a few areas. |
| %, | stages of deployment in most | |
| or | areas or work units, | - Little or no trend data |
| 2 | inhibiting progress in | are reported. |
| 5% | achieving the basic | |
| ** | requirements of the Item. | - Little or no comparative |
| | (D) | information is reported. |
| | | |
| | - Early stages of a transition | - Results are reported for |
| | from reacting to problems to | a few areas of |
| | a general improvement | importance to your key |
| | orientation are evident. (L) | mission or |
| | | organizational |
| | - The approach is aligned with | requirements. |
| | other areas or work units | |
| | largely through joint | |
| | problem solving. (I) | |
+----+----------------------------------+------------------------------+
| ** | - An effective, systematic | - Improvements and/or good |
| 30 | approach, responsive to the | performance levels are |
| %, | basic requirements of the | reported in many areas |
| 35 | Item, is evident. (A) | addressed in the Item |
| %, | | requirements. |
| 40 | - The approach is deployed, | |
| %, | although some areas or work | - Early stages of |
| or | units are in early stages of | developing trends are |
| 4 | deployment. (D) | evident. |
| 5% | | |
| ** | - The beginning of a | - Early stages of |
| | systematic approach to | obtaining comparative |
| | evaluation and improvement | information are evident. |
| | of key processes is evident. | |
| | (L) | - Results are reported for |
| | | many areas of importance |
| | - The approach is in early | to your key mission or |
| | stages of alignment with | organizational |
| | your basic organizational | requirements. |
| | needs identified in response | |
| | to the other Criteria | |
| | Categories. (I) | |
+----+----------------------------------+------------------------------+
| ** | - An effective, systematic | - Improvement trends |
| 50 | approach, responsive to the | and/or good performance |
| %, | overall requirements of the | levels are reported for |
| 55 | Item, is evident. (A) | most areas addressed in |
| %, | | the Item requirements. |
| 60 | - The approach is well | |
| %, | deployed, although | - No pattern of adverse |
| or | deployment may vary in some | trends and no poor |
| 6 | areas or work units. (D) | performance levels are |
| 5% | | evident in areas of |
| ** | - A fact-based, systematic | importance to your key |
| | evaluation and improvement | mission or |
| | process and some | organizational |
| | organizational learning are | requirements. |
| | in place for improving the | |
| | efficiency and effectiveness | - Some trends and/or |
| | of key processes. (L) | current performance |
| | | levels---evaluated |
| | - The approach is aligned with | against relevant |
| | your organizational needs | comparisons and/or |
| | identified in response to | benchmarks---show areas |
| | the other Criteria | of good to very good |
| | Categories. (I) | relative performance. |
| | | |
| | | - Organizational |
| | | performance results |
| | | address most key patient |
| | | and other customer, |
| | | market, and process |
| | | requirements. |
+----+----------------------------------+------------------------------+
| ** | - An effective, systematic | - Current performance is |
| 70 | approach, responsive to the | good to excellent in |
| %, | multiple requirements of the | most areas of importance |
| 75 | Item, is evident. (A) | to the Item |
| %, | | requirements. |
| 80 | - The approach is well | |
| %, | deployed, with no | - Most improvement trends |
| or | significant gaps. (D) | and/or current |
| 8 | | performance levels are |
| 5% | - Fact-based, systematic | sustained. |
| ** | evaluation and improvement | |
| | and organizational learning | - Many to most reported |
| | are key management tools; | trends and/or current |
| | there is clear evidence of | performance |
| | refinement and innovation as | levels---evaluated |
| | a result of | against relevant |
| | organizational-level | comparisons and/or |
| | analysis and sharing. (L) | benchmarks---show areas |
| | | of leadership and very |
| | - The approach is integrated | good relative |
| | with your organizational | performance. |
| | needs identified in response | |
| | to the other Criteria Items. | - Organizational |
| | (I) | performance results |
| | | address most key patient |
| | | and other customer, |
| | | market, process, and |
| | | action plan |
| | | requirements. |
+----+----------------------------------+------------------------------+
| ** | - An effective, systematic | - Current performance is |
| 90 | approach, fully responsive | excellent in most areas |
| %, | to the multiple requirements | of importance to the |
| 95 | of the Item, is evident. (A) | Item requirements. |
| %, | | |
| ** | - The approach is fully | - Excellent improvement |
| | deployed without significant | trends and/or sustained |
| ** | weaknesses or gaps in any | excellent performance |
| or | areas or work units. (D) | levels are reported in |
| 10 | | most areas. |
| 0% | - Fact-based, systematic | |
| ** | evaluation and improvement | - Evidence of health care |
| | and organizational learning | sector and benchmark |
| | are key organization-wide | leadership is |
| | tools; refinement and | demonstrated in many |
| | innovation, backed by | areas. |
| | analysis and sharing, are | |
| | evident throughout the | - Organizational |
| | organization. (L) | performance results |
| | | fully address key |
| | - The approach is well | patient and other |
| | integrated with your | customer, market, |
| | organizational needs | process, and action plan |
| | identified in response to | requirements. |
| | the other Criteria Items. | |
| | (I) | |
+----+----------------------------------+------------------------------+
SCORE SUMMARY WORKSHEET---ALL SECTORS
> To enter data in this form, double click anywhere on the worksheet.
> Enter the Item percent scores in column B. Do not enter data in any
> other column. The worksheet should automatically calculate the
> appropriate scores based on the information you enter.
**ASQ Fax: 414-765-7214 ASQ Fedex Account #: 1795-1300-5**
Scoring Band Descriptors
***Band Band***
***Score Number Descriptors***
0--275 1 The organization demonstrates the early stages of developing
and implementing approaches to Category requirements, with deployment
lagging and inhibiting progress. Improvement efforts focus on problem
solving. A few important results are reported, but they generally lack
trend and comparative data.
276--375 2 The organization demonstrates effective, systematic
approaches responsive to the basic requirements of the Items, but some
areas or work units are in the early stages of deployment. The
organization has developed a general improvement orientation that is
forward looking. The organization obtains results stemming from its
approaches, with some improvements and good performance. The use of
comparative and trend data is in the early stages.
376--475 3 The organization demonstrates effective, systematic
approaches responsive to the basic requirements of most Items, although
there are still areas or work units in the early stages of deployment.
Key processes are beginning to be systematically evaluated and improved.
Results address many areas of importance to the organization's key
requirements, with improvements and/or good performance being achieved.
Comparative and trend data are available for some of these important
results areas.
476--575 4 The organization demonstrates effective, systematic
approaches responsive to the overall requirements of the Items, but
deployment may vary in some areas or work units. Key processes benefit
from fact-based evaluation and improvement, and approaches are being
aligned with organizational needs. Results address key
customer/stakeholder, market, and process requirements, and they
demonstrate some areas of strength and/or good performance against
relevant comparisons. There are no patterns of adverse trends or poor
performance in areas of importance to the organization's key
requirements.
576--675 5 The organization demonstrates effective, systematic,
well-deployed approaches responsive to the overall requirements of the
Items. The organization demonstrates a fact-based, systematic evaluation
and improvement process and organizational learning that result in
improving the effectiveness and efficiency of key processes. Results
address most key customer/stakeholder, market, and process requirements,
and they demonstrate areas of strength against relevant comparisons
and/or benchmarks. Improvement trends and/or good performance are
reported for most areas of importance to the organization's key
requirements.
676--775 6 The organization demonstrates refined approaches responsive
to the multiple requirements of the Items. These approaches are
characterized by the use of key measures, good deployment, evidence of
innovation, and very good results in most areas. Organizational
integration, learning, and sharing are key management tools. Results
address many customer/stakeholder, market, process, and action plan
requirements. The organization is an industry\* leader in some results
areas.
776--875 7 The organization demonstrates refined approaches responsive
to the multiple requirements of the Items. It also demonstrates
innovation, excellent deployment, and good-to-excellent performance
levels in most areas. Good-to-excellent integration is evident, with
organizational analysis, learning, and sharing of best practices as key
management strategies. Industry\* leadership and some benchmark
leadership are demonstrated in results that address most key
customer/stakeholder, market, process, and action plan requirements.
876--1,000 8 The organization demonstrates outstanding approaches
focused on innovation, full deployment, and excellent, sustained
performance results. There is excellent integration of approaches with
organizational needs. Organizational analysis, learning, and sharing of
best practices are pervasive. National and world leadership is
demonstrated in results that fully address key customer/stakeholder,
market, process, and action plan requirements.
\*Industry refers to other organizations performing substantially the
same functions, thereby facilitating direct comparisons.
**PROCESS ITEM EVALUATION TOOL**
To ensure a more holistic evaluation of the Item, answer the following
questions before finalizing your 6--10 comments. You should be able to
strengthen and clarify comments using insights gained from answering the
questions. Provide evidence from the applicant's response to support
your comments, citing the applicant's exact wording whenever possible.
**"Approach" refers to the methods used by an organization to address
the Baldrige Criteria Item requirements. Approach includes the
appropriateness of the methods to the Item requirements and the
effectiveness of their use.**
- What approach or collection of approaches is discussed?
- What areas of the Criteria Item does the approach address (e.g.,
1.1a, 1.1b)?
- Is the approach systematic (with repeatable steps, inputs, outputs,
and time frames and designed to allow evaluation, improvement, and
sharing)?
- Is there evidence that the approach is effective?
- Is this approach (or collection of approaches) a key organizational
process? Is the approach important to the applicant's overall
performance? (If yes, clearly state why it is important and cite the
key factors used to support your position.)
- Are any of the multiple requirements of the Item that are not
addressed (gaps) important to the applicant?
**"Deployment" refers to the extent to which an approach is applied in
addressing the requirements of a Baldrige Criteria Item. Deployment is
evaluated on the basis of the breadth and depth of application of the
approach to relevant work units throughout the organization.**
- What information is provided to show what is done in different parts
of the organization to confirm the approach is deployed (shared or
spread) throughout the organization? Does this information indicate
the approach is in the early stages of deployment, well deployed but
with some variation among areas/work units, well deployed with no
significant gaps, or fully deployed?
**"Learning" refers to new knowledge or skills acquired through
evaluation, study, experience, and innovation. Organizational learning
is achieved through research and development; evaluation and improvement
cycles; ideas and input from faculty, staff, students, and other
stakeholders; best practice sharing; and benchmarking. Personal learning
(for faculty and staff) is achieved through education, training, and
developmental opportunities. To be effective, these types of learning
should be embedded in the way an organization operates.**
- Has the approach been evaluated and improved? If yes, are the
evaluation and improvement conducted in a fact-based, systematic
manner (e.g., regular, recurring, data driven)?
- Is there evidence of organizational learning (i.e., evidence that
the learning from this approach is shared with other organizational
units/other work processes)? Is there evidence of innovation and
refinement from organizational analysis and sharing (i.e., evidence
the learning actually is used to drive innovation and refinement)?
**"Integration" refers to the harmonization of plans, processes,
information, resource decisions, actions, results, and analyses to
support key organization-wide goals. Effective integration goes beyond
alignment and is achieved when the individual components of a
performance management system operate as a fully interconnected unit.**
- How well is the approach aligned with the applicant's organizational
needs identified in the other Criteria Items and the Organizational
Profile? How well is the approach integrated with these needs?
(Examples of needs are strategic challenges, objectives, and related
action plans; organizational mission, vision, and values; key
processes and measures; key customer/market segments and
requirements; and employee groups and requirements.)
# **RESULTS MATRIX**
> Place a check mark in the appropriate column to indicate whether the
> figure includes the particular element.
<table>
<colgroup>
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<td colspan="5">Comparisons</td>
<td colspan="3">Segmentation</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Measure</td>
<td>Figure</td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>Levels</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>Trends</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>Industry Average</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>Competitors</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>Best-in-class</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>Benchmarks</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>Other</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>Group A</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>Group B</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>Group C</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>Linkage</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>Gap</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>Comments</td>
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**Le, T, C, Li, G Definitions**
**Le = Performance Levels**
"Performance levels" refer to numerical information that places or
positions an organization's results and performance on a meaningful
measurement scale. Performance levels permit evaluation relative to past
performance, projection goals, and appropriate comparisons.
**T = Trends**
"Trends" refer to numerical information that shows the direction and
rate (slope of trend data) and breadth (how widely deployed and shared)
of performance improvements. A minimum of three data points generally is
needed to begin to ascertain a trend. More data points are needed to
define a statistically valid trend.
**C = Comparisons**
"Comparisons" refer to establishing the value of results by their
relationship to similar or equivalent measures. Comparisons can be made
to results of competitors, industry averages, or best-in-class
organizations. The maturity of the organization should help determine
what comparisons are most relevant.
**Li = Linkages**
"Linkages" refer to a connection to important customer, product and
service, market, process, and action plan performance requirements
identified in the Organizational Profile and in Process Items.
**G = Gaps**
"Gaps" refer to the absence of results addressing specific areas of
Category 7 Items, including the absence of results on key measures
discussed in Categories 1--6 (e.g., measures of key approaches and key
processes and progress relative to strategic objectives, challenges, and
action plans).
**CHECKLIST**
**Before you return this scorebook to ASQ:**
\_\_\_ If this is a Stage 1 review, have you scored each Item in
increments of 5% (e.g., 15%, 20%, 35%)?
*Before you post your scorebook to [the secure web site]{.underline},
make sure you have completed the following:*
\_\_\_ the cover sheet of the scorebook (with the appropriate Criteria
and process stage checked)
\_\_\_ the signed Conflict of Interest Statement
\_\_\_ the Key Factors Worksheet
\_\_\_ the Key Themes Worksheet
\_\_\_ Item Worksheets for all Items
\_\_\_ the Score Summary Worksheet
\_\_\_ the checklist
Post your completed scorebook to
<https://rproxy.nist.gov/examinerdepot/>.
Be sure to include your name and the applicant number on the Score
Summary Worksheet.
| en |
converted_docs | 762511 | **§20.707 Rule 707. Designation of Member or Members to conduct the
hearing.**
The Member or panel to whom a proceeding is assigned under §19.3 of this
part shall conduct any hearing before the Board in connection with that
proceeding. Where a proceeding has been assigned to a panel, the
Chairman, or the Chairman's designee, shall designate one of the Members
as the presiding Member. The Member or Members who conduct the hearing
shall participate in making the final determination of the claim,
subject to the exception in §19.11(c) of this part (relating to
reconsideration of a decision). (Authority: 38 U.S.C. 7102, 7107)
\[57 FR 4109, Feb. 3, 1992, as amended at 61 FR 20451, May 7, 1996\]
**Supplement *Highlights* reference**: 14(3)
**§20.708 Rule 708. Prehearing conference.**
An appellant's authorized representative may request a prehearing
conference with the presiding Member of a hearing to clarify the issues
to be considered at a hearing on appeal, obtain rulings on the
admissibility of evidence, develop stipulations of fact, establish the
length of argument which will be permitted, or take other steps which
will make the hearing itself more efficient and productive. With respect
to hearings to be held before the Board at Washington, DC, arrangements
for a prehearing conference must be made through: Director, Management
and Administration (01E), Board of Veterans' Appeals, 810 Vermont
Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20420. Requests for prehearing conferences
in cases involving hearings to be held before the Board at Department of
Veterans Affairs field facilities must be addressed to the office of the
Department of Veterans Affairs official who signed the letter giving
notice of the time and place of the hearing. (Authority: 38 U.S.C. 7102,
7105(a), 7107)
\[57 FR 4109, Feb. 3, 1992, as amended at 58 FR 27936, May 12, 1993; 61
FR 20452, May 7, 1996; 67 FR 16023, Apr. 4, 2002\]
**Supplement *Highlights* references**: 3(2), 14(3).
| en |
converted_docs | 121251 | {width="1.0902777777777777in"
height="1.4034722222222222in"}
**NATIONAL PARK SERVICE**
**APPALACHIAN NATIONAL SCENIC TRAIL**
**APPALACHIAN TRAIL PARK OFFICE**
##### **STRATEGIC PLAN**
*(Revised April, 2000)*
*Long-term Goals for*
*Fiscal Years 2001-2005*
{width="1.3902777777777777in"
height="1.4194444444444445in"}
### APPALACHIAN NATIONAL SCENIC TRAIL
**APPALACHIAN TRAIL PARK OFFICE**
#### FISCAL YEAR 2001 -- 2005
#### (October 1, 2000 -- September 30, 2005)
###### Strategic Plan
for
**APPALACHIAN NATIONAL SCENIC TRAIL**
Approved: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
> Park Manager Date
>
> **TABLE OF CONTENTS**
>
> I. INTRODUCTION 5
About This Plan 5
The Appalachian National Scenic Trail 6
The National Park Sevice 8
Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 8
II\. MISSION 10
III\. Strategies: Accomplishing Goals 11
Organization 11
Facilities 12
Financial Resources 12
Program Evaluations 13
[IV. KEY EXTERNAL FACTORS](#iv.-key-external-factors) 14
[Cooperative Management](#cooperative-management) 14
[Increasing Use Patterns](#increasing-use-patterns) 15
[External Threats](#external-threats) 15
[V. National Park Service Goal
Categories](#v.-national-park-service-goal-categories) 16
[Goal Category I Preserve Park
Resources](#goal-category-i-preserve-park-resources) 17
[Goal Category II Provide for the Public Use and Enjoyment and Visitor
Experience of
Parks](#goal-category-ii-provide-for-the-public-use-and-enjoyment-and-visitor-experience-of-parks)
17
[Goal Category III Strengthen and Preserve Natural and Cultural
Resources and Enhance Recreational Opportunities Managed by
Partners](#goal-category-iii-strengthen-and-preserve-natural-and-cultural-resources-and-enhance-recreational-opportunities-managed-by-partners)
18
[Goal Category IV Ensure Organizational
Effectiveness](#goal-category-iv-ensure-organizational-effectiveness) 18
[Long-Term Goals](#long-term-goals) 19
[Appalachian Trail Park Office Mission and Long Term Goals for the
Appalachian National Scenic
Trail](#appalachian-trail-park-office-mission-and-long-term-goals-for-the-appalachian-national-scenic-trail)
20
[Appendix A](#appendix-a) 27
# I. INTRODUCTION
## About This Plan
This is the Strategic Plan for the Appalachian Trail Park Office. The
entire Appalachian National Scenic Trail is a unit of the National Park
System, administered broadly by the National Park Service (NPS), U.S.
Department of the Interior. However, with over 105 agencies and
organizations involved in the cooperative management of the trail, this
plan will only address the goals of the National Park Service's
Appalachian Trail Park Office.
Our Plan includes our mission statement, derived from the legislation
establishing and affecting this trail. It contains our goals organized
under goal categories and mission goals (the "in perpetuity" goals that
encompass everything we do). It also contains long-term goals that
describe in quantified, measurable ways examples of what we plan to
achieve in the five-year period covered by this plan, October 1, 2000
through September 30, 2005, federal fiscal years (FY) 2001-2005.
The content and organization of this Plan relates to the process
established by the National Park Service under the Government
Performance and Results Act of 1993 (GPRA) \[see following sections\].
Additional copies of this Strategic Plan are available by writing trail
headquarters at Appalachian National Scenic Trail, Harpers Ferry Center,
Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, 25425. We welcome questions and comments,
which should be addressed to the Park Manager at this address. A copy of
this plan is also available on our Web site at www.nps.gov/aptr.
The Plan also contains a general section on "Strategies" on how goals
will be accomplished, that briefly sketches the organization,
facilities, and financial resources available to achieve the plan's
long-term goals. There is a brief discussion of "Key External" Factors"
which could positively or negatively affect goal achievement. Each
long-term goal has one or more explanatory paragraphs that give
background, detail, and other useful information to help the reader
understand the goal as well as how the goal will be accomplished. After
these goal explanations, there is an overview of how results will be
measured. Finally, there is a listing of those who were consulted in the
development of the plan and a list of plan preparers.
Each year that this Strategic Plan is in effect there also will be an
Annual Performance Plan covering one-year increments for each long-term
goal. The Annual Performance Plan will be available by January 1^st^
each year. In addition to the Annual Performance Plan, we also use
internal management documents to guide daily operations throughout the
year. These documents detail the specific activities, services, and
products that will be carried out or produced to accomplish goal
results, and the dollars and people required to do it.
## The Appalachian National Scenic Trail
The Appalachian National Scenic Trail is a vital part of America's
national system of parks, trails, monuments, battlefields, recreation
areas, and other significant natural and cultural resources. Established
as the first National Scenic Trail by Congress with passage of the
National Trails System Act in 1968 and amendments, the Appalachian
National Scenic Trail (A.T.) is a continuous marked footpath extending
approximately 2,160 miles across the Appalachian Mountains from the
summit of Springer Mountain in Georgia to the summit of Katahdin in
Maine forming a greenway that connects more than 75 public land areas in
14 states. Preserved within this greenway is the remarkable story of
citizen action in the public interest, along with a wide variety of
natural and cultural resources making the A.T. a valuable part of
America's heritage.
The initial route of the A.T. was constructed almost entirely by
volunteers between 1923 and 1937, building upon the concepts of Benton
MacKaye, a forward thinking landscape architect and conservationist.
Since that time, volunteers affiliated with the Appalachian Trail
Conference (ATC) and its 31 member trail clubs have planned,
constructed, reconstructed, and maintained the footpath, as well as a
system of more than 250 shelters and associated facilities.
In 1968 Congress recognized that, "Although member clubs of the
conference have shouldered responsibility for many miles of the trail,
and at times have been forced to relocate segments away from the path of
developments, the demands of an expanding population have multiplied in
number and complexity in recent years and long stretches of the trail
are seriously threatened with incompatible encroachments. These are the
problems which the conference has insufficient means to combat. If the
trail is to survive, it is apparent that public agencies must assume a
larger share of the burden of protection (1968, Senate Report)". Today,
with over 155,060 acres acquired by the NPS and the USFS as part of a
permanent right-of-way and protected corridor, the Appalachian National
Scenic Trail ranks both as a component of the national trails system and
a unit of the national park system. Its remarkable decentralized,
volunteer-based cooperative management system further sets it apart as a
premiere example of a partnership program involving all levels of
government and private citizenry engaged in the cooperative management
of a nationally significant public resource.
As directed by the National Trails System Act, the Appalachian National
Scenic Trail Advisory Council (ANSTAC) was established in 1978 for a
period of ten years and included representatives from the NPS, USFS,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Smithsonian Institution, ATC and each of the
14 Trail States. One of the primary purposes of the Council was to
advise the NPS in regard to the administration of this newly designated
national scenic trail. The Council, like Congress recognized ATC's role
in the direct land management of the Trail. In 1984 an unprecedented NPS
delegation agreement was signed with ATC, which delegated management
authority to the Conference and in turn to the 31 trail maintaining
clubs. Prior to the termination of the Council in 1988 a memorandum of
understanding was signed between all of the council members committing
their agencies and organizations to the protection and management of the
Trail and identifying the Cooperative Management System as the
management prescription to be followed by all participants.
Based upon the recognition of Congress and the commitment of ANSTAC, the
NPS continues to recognize that direct land management responsibility
for the Trail lies with ATC and its member trail clubs. Today ATPO has
agreements with the USFS, 6 other units of the NPS and each of the 14
states through which the Trail passes recognizing the role of ATC and
its member clubs and identifying the roles of individual agencies in the
Cooperative Management System of the A.T.
A cooperative agreement between NPS and the ATC provides the cornerstone
of the innovative A.T. Cooperative Management System. In FY 1999, the
NPS ATPO provided \$320,000 in base funding to ATC through the
cooperative agreement for A.T. management activities, which was matched
by substantial financial contributions and more than 181,000 hours of
volunteer labor dedicated to planning, management and maintenance of the
trail.
## The National Park Service
The National Park Service (NPS), established in 1916, preserves
outstanding examples of the best of America's natural, cultural, and
recreational resources for the enjoyment, education, and inspiration of
this and future generations. These resources of national significance
constitute a significant part of America's heritage, character, and
future. The National Park System consists of 378 park units located in
nearly every state and territory of the nation. The National Park
Service not only directly preserves these treasures, it also makes them
available to millions of visitors from throughout the country and the
world every year. The NPS also has legislated responsibilities for
natural and cultural resource conservation outside national parks in
partnership with state and local governments, tribes, and non-profit
organizations. These programs provide a variety of technical and/or
financial assistance.
In consultation with Congress, OMB and other interested parties, the NPS
developed its own implementation process to comply with the Government
Performance and Results Act of 1993 (GPRA). Using an 8-step process, the
NPS developed its first *Strategic Plan* in 1997. A copy of the current
plan is available for review at the Appalachian Trail Park Office in
Harpers Ferry, West Virginia or at any other national park area through
which the Trail passes. It is also available on the Internet at
http://www.nps.gov/planning.
As part of its GPRA implementation process, NPS decided that each of its
component parks, programs, and offices would develop and submit their
own Strategic Plans, Annual Performance Plans, and Annual Performance
Reports. These plans address applicable long-term goals in the NPS
*Strategic Plan* and may add goals specific to their own legislative
mandates, missions, resources, visitor services, and needs. The local
plans are generally a blend of national and local missions and goals.
## Government Performance and Results Act of 1993
GPRA is one of the most recent and comprehensive of a number of laws and
executive orders directing federal agencies to join the "*performance
management revolution*" already embraced by private industry and many
local, state, and national governments.
In a nutshell, *performance management* uses performance goals based on
an organization's primary mission to guide daily actions and
expenditures. Importantly, goals must be quantifiable and measure
results or outcomes, rather than efforts or outputs such as activities,
services, and products. The established and proven performance
management approach is to establish goals -- allocate resources to
accomplish those goals -- take action/do the work -- measure results --
evaluate and report performance -- use evaluation to adjust goals and
reallocate resources -- and continue the loop. This process sharpens our
focus on accomplishing our mission in the most efficient and effective
ways, and holds managers and employees accountable on a clear and
measurable basis.
The approach seems so simple and logical that one is compelled to ask,
"Isn't that what everyone is already doing?" In fact, most federal
agencies have not traditionally done business this way. They have been
funded by programs and activities rather than by goals. Too often they
have conducted business year after year based on what they have always
routinely done, rather than in pursuit of mission-oriented goals. Too
often they have not measured their performance in terms of results
achieved, but rather in level of activities conducted, products
produced, or services provided -- if they have measured performance at
all. And too often managers and employees have not been held accountable
for their performance in achieving concrete, results-oriented goals, and
have not communicated the outcomes of their work to their important
constituencies -- the American people, the Congress, even the President.
So performance management, as embodied in GPRA, is new, revolutionary,
and vitally important to a more effective, efficient, and credible
federal government.
This Plan is much more than just a response to legislative mandate,
however. The law was a catalyst that caused the trail staff to reexamine
daily activities and routine products and services, as well as funding
and staffing expended to accomplish them. It motivated and energized us
to make sure these things are aligned with the mission of the National
Park Service and the Appalachian National Scenic Trail*,* and the
long-term goals established to achieve those missions. The results, we
believe, will be better planning, better management, and better
communication among ourselves and with all of our constituencies and
stakeholders, about where we are, where we need to be, and how we are
going to get there most effectively and efficiently.
# II. MISSION
The mission statement of the Appalachian Trail Park Office grows from
the Appalachian National Scenic Trail's legislated mandate found in the
National Trails System Act. Our mission statement is a synthesis of our
mandated purpose and the trail's primary significance.
**Mission:** *It is the Mission of the Appalachian Trail Park Office to
foster the Cooperative Management System of the Appalachian National
Scenic Trail in order to preserve and provide for the enjoyment of the
varied scenic, historic, natural and cultural qualities of the areas
between the states of Maine and Georgia through which the Trail passes.*
**Purpose:** *The Appalachian National Scenic Trail will be administered
primarily as a footpath in cooperation with the United States Forest
Service and the 14 States encompassing the Trail, providing for maximum
outdoor recreation potential as an extended trail and for the
conservation and enjoyment of the nationally significant scenic,
historic, natural, or cultural qualities of the areas through which the
Trail passes.*
**Significance:** *The Appalachian Trail is a way, continuous from Maine
to Georgia, for travel on foot through the wild, scenic, wooded,
pastoral, and culturally significant lands of the Appalachian Mountains.
It is a means of sojourning among these lands, such that visitors may
experience them by their own unaided efforts. The body of the Trail is
provided by the lands it traverses, and its soul is in the living
stewardship of the volunteers and partners of the Appalachian Trail
Cooperative Management System.*
**Legislative Intent:** The House and Senate reports along with the
Congressional Record as part of the legislative history of the National
Trails System Act, clarify Congress's intent for the following elements
of the Appalachian National Scenic Trail's mission, purpose and
significance statements:
1\. "Primarily as a footpath" -- The only recognized divergence from use
as a footpath is horseback riding, where it is an accepted and customary
or traditional use.
2\. "Maximum Outdoor Recreation Potential" -- This phrase is used only
in the context of the Trail's length as an extended trail (at least one
hundred miles in length, as defined in the legislation). All references
to this phrase throughout the legislative history are in the context of
the Trail's location to urban areas or in reference to the length of use
as, "...a few hours at a time, or on one day jaunts, overnight treks, or
expeditions lasting a week or more." There is even reference to
volunteer work as a recreational activity, "Their work on the trail has
been as important an outdoor recreation activity to them as the
enjoyment of hiking and camping along the trail."
3\. "Volunteers and private nonprofit trail groups" as referenced in the
National Trails System Act is recognized for purposes of the Appalachian
National Scenic Trail as the Appalachian Trail Conference and its member
trail maintaining clubs - "The committee recognizes that the Appalachian
Trail Conference has pioneered the way for this legislation by its
long-time personal stewardship of the trail, and believes that its
stewardship -- in partnership with the Secretary of the Interior --
should be continued and expanded."
# III. STRATEGIES: Accomplishing Goals
We plan to accomplish our goals using the organization, facilities, and
financial resources summarized below. These paragraphs should give our
partners, stakeholders, and the public a better understanding of what we
are trying to accomplish, and how we plan to do it.
## Organization
Park Manager Pamela Underhill leads the Appalachian Trail Park Office
(ATPO). With a staff of only 8 NPS employees and 1 United States Forest
Service (USFS) employee, the ATPO is not organized into the typical
operating divisions of other national park units. ATPO staff expertise
and specialties include 1 Environmental Compliance Specialist, 1 Outdoor
Recreation Specialist, 1 Law Enforcement Ranger, 1 Natural Resource
Specialist, 1 GIS Specialist, 1 Budget Technician, and 1 Administrative
Technician, all of whom report to a Park Manager.
The NPS does not, nor does it expect to, have the ability to
independently carry out its management responsibilities for the A.T.
Although the National Trails System Act gives administrative authority
for the entire trail to the National Park Service, it also recognizes
the volunteer-based Cooperative Management System already in place prior
to the designation of the trail as a national scenic trail. While
typical national park units receive support from partners and friends
groups, the role of the ATPO is to support the Appalachian Trail
Conference and other partners of the Cooperative Management System of
the A.T. - a management framework consisting of more than 100 federal,
state, and non-governmental organization partners. It is this management
system, which has managed and continues to successfully manage a
resource that spans 14 states, with less than 40% of the land directly
administered by ATPO. (Please refer to page 27 for a list of the
partners comprising the A.T. Cooperative Management System.)
In 1983 the NPS formally delegated management responsibilities to the
Appalachian Trail Conference for lands directly administered by the ATPO
with the EXCEPTION of the following responsibilities:
- Law Enforcement
- Special Park Uses
- Land Acquisition on behalf of the United States
- Boundary Survey
- Structure Removal
- Removal of Hazardous Materials
- Fulfilling Agency Compliance Requirements per Federal Laws and
Executive Orders
However, the ATC assists the NPS with these responsibilities as
appropriate and mutually agreed upon.
Because the A.T. spans 3 NPS regions, ATPO staff obtains assistance or
expertise from various other NPS parks and central offices, in addition
to the Cooperative Management System. Staff from the National Park
Service's Boston, Philadelphia, National Capital, and Southern NPS
Support Office's, as well as Region 8 and Region 9 of the United States
Forest Service work with us on various projects as appropriate.
## Facilities
Most other units of the NPS list hiking trails as part of their park's
facilities. In the case of the A.T. the "facility" is our park. The
Trail is approximately 2,160 miles long, with a protective corridor of
approximately 270,000 acres, including approximately 104,000 acres that
are administered directly by the ATPO. Included in this corridor are 262
traditional 3-sided overnight shelters spaced a day's hike apart and
hundreds of other designated camping sites. In addition there are
numerous trailhead parking lots with informational kiosks or bulletin
boards.
As the NPS acquired lands to protect the Trail, various structures were
acquired as well. The majority of the structures have been or will be
removed and the lands restored. However, a few structures have been
retained for Trail purposes: One structure in Massachusetts, one in New
York and 2 in Pennsylvania have been retained as volunteer caretaker
facilities for on-site protection and management of trail resources due
to the amount of use, for overnight facilities and because of potential
problems in those areas. One structure in Pennsylvania has been retained
as a volunteer trail crew base of operations and another is used as a
regional headquarters office for the Appalachian Trail Conference.
## Financial Resources
Financial resources available to achieve the Appalachian Trail Park
Office's goals include an annual base-operating budget (\$886,000 in
fiscal year 2000) which funds a work force of 7 permanent positions, and
2 permanent positions which are shared with other NPS and USFS offices.
This work force supports the efforts of approximately 4,500 volunteers
who contribute more than 180,000 hours annually towards maintenance and
management of the Trail. Approximately two-thirds of these volunteers
are Volunteers-in-Parks, and the remaining third are
Volunteers-in-Forests whose contributions are reported by the United
States Forest Service.
ATPO also receives special project and program funds distributed by the
National Park Service regional and Washington offices. Achieving our
goal performance targets is critically dependent on our base funding and
on these additional project funds, volunteer assistance, partnerships
and donations. Therefore, in order to plan and organize our goals and
the work to accomplish them, all funding and staffing sources and major
alternative sources of support and work, have been estimated and
included in developing our Plan.
The total amount of financial resources available and spent towards the
management of the entire A.T. is not known. The expenditures of the 105
agencies and organizations involved in the management of the Trail are
not tracked by this office. The ATC, as a recipient of NPS funds submits
annual financial reports to the ATPO. In 1999 the ATC alone expended
approximately 3 million dollars towards the management of the A.T.
Please note that the goals in this plan assume a "flat budget." Other
than increases for inflation, we assumed no major increases in funding.
Where increases in appropriations were known or are likely, they were
taken into account. Where other funding sources (donations, fee
revenues, etc.) were "reasonably assured", they too were taken into
consideration when setting performance targets. Obviously, limits on
funding constrain what can be accomplished toward our goals and mission.
GPRA, however, is distinctly not about discussing budget shortfalls or
requesting or justifying additional funding. Rather it is about
planning, managing, and communicating what we can accomplish with what
we already have. Performance target numbers speak for themselves about
how well funded we are to accomplish our mission, and where targets are
low, additional budget discussions might be generated. But this is not
the primary purpose of the plan.
#######
## Program Evaluations
Because of our operation within the Cooperative Management System
described above, we do not readily fit into the strategic planning
system established by the NPS. Strategic planning is still an evolving
process for the NPS and the ATPO. This is our second strategic plan, and
we have learned that many of our goals do not readily fit within the
service-wide goals identified by the NPS. The Service also recognizes
that the service-wide goals, which represent the National Park Service
mission, may not reflect all of the important goals for a particular
park. Therefore, we have identified 4 mission goals and 17 long-term
goals that are specific to the mission of the Appalachian National
Scenic Trail.
Many organizations within the Cooperative Management System of the A.T.
do not have 5-year strategic plans. The United States Forest Service,
our primary land management partner, approaches GPRA from a central
office point of view and does not require individual forests to complete
strategic plans. Many other agencies and organizations develop work
plans on an annual basis. The Appalachian Trail Conference is in the
process of developing their first 5-year strategic plan and the ATPO is
working with them throughout this process.
Many assumptions had to be made based on past years' cooperative
efforts. Therefore, this plan will be reviewed annually and potential
minor adjustments will be made based on annual performance achievement
the prior year. The plan also will need to be reviewed and revised at
least every three years as required by the GPRA law, but as the
performance management process is better understood and becomes more
routine, strategic planning will become easier and better, and fewer
reviews and revisions should be necessary.
# IV. KEY EXTERNAL FACTORS
ATPO management and staff work within the A.T. Cooperative Management
System of the trail when dealing with factors internal and external to
trail corridor boundaries to ensure, to the greatest extent possible,
that there is no net loss in the primitive character, scenic quality,
and remote recreational values of the A.T., as well as to ensure that
the Trail is continuous, open, and passable on foot. Other factors, such
as natural events, are beyond the Appalachian Trail Park Office's
ability to manage or influence. All of these things can negatively or
positively affect goal outcomes. A few of the most important or most
likely factors are briefly identified below. This is not an exhaustive
list, but rather an effort to identify those factors that are most
likely to influence outcomes at the time this plan was written.
## Cooperative Management
The National Park Service through the Appalachian Trail Park Office is
not solely responsible for the management of the Trail. Although the NPS
has administrative authority over the entire trail, we work within a
Cooperative Management System involving over 100 partners. Most
management decisions are made in consultation with affected partners.
Various federal and state agency initiatives have resulted in both
negative and positive outcomes for Trail protection.
##
##
## Increasing Use Patterns
The popularity of the Appalachian National Scenic Trail is expected to
continue and present even greater challenges both in terms of cultural
and natural resource preservation and visitor use. Currently there is no
way to determine accurate visitation figures for the Trail. It is
estimated that over 3 million people use the Trail annually.
## External Threats
More than 2,000 miles long and consisting of a protective corridor of
land averaging only 1,000 feet in width, the Appalachian National Scenic
Trail often has been referred to as the longest, skinniest park in the
world. Because of the Trail's unusual configuration and geographic
expanse, it is particularly vulnerable to external threats. Projects
that have the potential for significant impact to the Trail's scenic,
recreational, and natural resources include power lines,
telecommunication towers, highways, and many other forms of development.
[Additional factors affecting performance include:]{.underline}
- The cost of trail maintenance and maintaining and restoring natural
and cultural resources are escalating.
- Threatened, endangered, and sensitive plant and animal species on
Trail lands are having difficulty improving due to increased loss of
habitat, competition from exotic species, and environmental
contamination beyond our control.
- The implementation of new programs that emphasize wise use of
limited resources and sustainable practices.
- A significant increase in the number of projects requiring
compliance reviews under the National Environmental Policy Act
and/or Section 106 of the Historic Preservation Act.
- The National Parks and Omnibus Act of 1998 (Public Law 105-391)
established major new responsibilities for concessions management,
employee training and career development, natural resources
inventory and monitoring, and cooperative research studies.
# V. National Park Service Goal Categories
The NPS performance management process requires all units of the NPS to
organize goals and efforts under four goal categories in broad,
nationwide, "in perpetuity" mission goals that state ideal future
conditions. The Service also recognizes that the service-wide goals,
which represent the National Park Service mission, may not reflect all
of the important goals for a particular park. We have identified 4
mission goals and 17 long-term goals that are significant to the mission
of the Appalachian Trail Park Office. Two of these goals stress ATPO's
support of the Cooperative Management System, which may be perceived as
an activity rather than an outcome. However, the ATPO does not have the
ability to carry out any of the goals identified within this plan
outside of the Cooperative Management System. This system is a part of
the trail's significance and is a resource in and of itself that
requires our protection and nurturing.
The Appalachian National Scenic Trail is comprised of municipal, state
and federal lands. Federal lands include areas administered by the
United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the United States Forest
Service, and 6 national park units as well as the lands administered by
the ATPO. ATPO's funding and staff efforts work to provide support to
protect resources and provide for public enjoyment off of ATPO lands as
well as accepting support for our lands. Because of the
multi-jurisdictional land base and cooperative management efforts, it is
difficult to report on resource protection and visitor satisfaction only
on ATPO lands when our funding and efforts are spread trail-wide.
Therefore each goal will specify whether it applies to the whole trail
or just ATPO lands. The term "ATPO lands" is used rather than generic
"NPS lands" because the trail passes through 6 other national park units
and we do not want to confuse our administrative responsibilities with
theirs. Where possible the goals pertaining to ATPO lands and resources
are listed under goal categories I and II. Goals where we are providing
support specifically for another agency's or organization's lands and
resources are listed under goal category III.
These mission goals encompass all we do and a brief explanation about
each one is provided below.
## Goal Category I Preserve Park Resources
This category addresses all goals that relate to the condition of
natural and cultural resources and the acquisition of knowledge from and
about them. It includes the concepts of biological and cultural
diversity to ensure trail resources are preserved and interpreted in
relationship to the broader ecosystem and cultural context that extend
beyond the trail to nearby lands. Trail cultural context means that
trail resources are managed in relation to other historical events or
cultural processes.
The long-term goals related to this category are shown in the next
section and include the protection, restoration, or maintenance of
ecosystems, rare or endangered plant and animal populations,
archeological and ethnographic resources, historic structures and
cultural landscapes, museum objects, and research collections. Mission
Goal Ia focuses on the condition of these resources. Mission Goal Ib on
obtaining and using scholarly and scientific knowledge about resources
to make better informed decisions.
Ia0. Natural and cultural resources and associated values of the A.T.
are protected, restored and maintained in good condition and managed
within their broader ecosystem and cultural context through effective
support and implementation of the A.T. Cooperative Management System.
Ib. The National Park Service contributes to knowledge about natural and
cultural resources and associated values; management decisions about
resources and visitors are based on adequate scholarly and scientific
information.
## Goal Category II Provide for the Public Use and Enjoyment and Visitor Experience of Parks
This category includes all goals for visitor satisfaction, enjoyment,
safety, appreciation, and understanding. It includes the mandate found
in the NPS Organic Act "to provide for the enjoyment of the
\[resources\] in such manner and by such means as will leave them
unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations."
The long-term goals related to this category are shown below and include
programs, facilities, services, and recreational opportunities affecting
the enjoyment, understanding and safety of visitors from all over the
nation and the world. Mission Goal IIa covers facilities and services
such as shelters, trailheads, campgrounds, recreational opportunities
and keeping visitors safe.
IIa0. Cooperator efforts are supported by the National Park Service to
assure visitors to the Appalachian Trail safely enjoy and are satisfied
with the availability and quality of trail facilities and appropriate
recreational opportunities.
## Goal Category III Strengthen and Preserve Natural and Cultural Resources and Enhance Recreational Opportunities Managed by Partners
This mission goal refers to the legislated NPS partnership programs that
assist others outside of park units to preserve our natural and cultural
and recreational resources.
National Park units do not report to the majority of goals in this
category except for IIIaX. Park Partnerships, which focuses on assisting
partners to protect their resources and serve their visitors on lands
other than NPS lands.
## Goal Category IV Ensure Organizational Effectiveness
This category includes all goals that support the mission of the trail
and the NPS, and the focus is on governmental processes rather than the
results. Goals in this category measure various workplace standards and
cover those things that will help us be more responsive, efficient,
effective, and accountable.
IVa The National Park Service uses current management practices,
systems, and technologies to accomplish its mission.
## Long-Term Goals
Long-term goals are examples of how we will make progress toward the
mission goals above, and how we will contribute to nationwide NPS goals
during the period of this Plan. The numbering sequence for long-term
goals follows that of the NPS Service-wide plan so that our
contributions can "roll up nationally" into NPS accomplishments. Goal
numbers may not be consecutive - where numbers are left out, an NPS goal
does not apply to the Appalachian National Scenic Trail. Associated
goals that are similar to NPS goals but not identical with NPS criteria,
optional goals, and goals specific to this Trail contain a zero (0) or
an X in the number. Goal categories and mission goals are in regular
type. *Long-term goals are italicized.* Each year, by January 1^st^ we
will also produce an Annual Performance Plan that shows how much of each
long-term goal we intend to accomplish during that fiscal year. We will
assess what we actually accomplished in an Annual Performance Report at
the end of each fiscal year.
# Appalachian Trail Park Office Mission and Long Term Goals for the Appalachian National Scenic Trail
###### Goal Category I. Preserve Park Resources
Appalachian Trail Park Office Mission Goal Ia: Natural and cultural
resources and associated values of the A.T. are protected, restored and
maintained in good condition and managed within their broader ecosystem
and cultural context through effective support and implementation of the
A.T. Cooperative Management System.
Ia01. Support of A.T. Cooperative Management System
*Ia01. By September 30, 2005, 95% of the members of the A.T. Cooperative
Management System conducting NPS delegated management responsibilities
on NPS lands are provided with the support necessary to fulfill their
delegated responsibilities in the protection and management of the Trail
and are satisfied with the level of support they receive from the ATPO.*
Ia1. Disturbed lands/Exotic Plant Species
*Ia1A. By September 30, 2005, 5 acres (15%) of 33 acres of the
Appalachian National Scenic Trail\'s lands administered by ATPO,
disturbed by prior development and targeted for restoration, are
restored.*
> Through the land acquisition process for the Appalachian National
> Scenic Trail incidentally acquired structures are removed and lands
> are restored. With over 75 structures designated for removal
> circumstances such as funding, hazardous materials, political factors
> and contracting processes may change the priority or ability to remove
> specific structures within any given year. The goal to restore 5 acres
> by 2005 is based upon the average number of acres restored between the
> years of 1994-1999.
Ia2X. Native Species of Special Concern
*Ia2X. By September 30, 2005, the number of natural heritage sites
containing globally rare plant and animal species that are being
monitored will increase from 6 to13 and these species are in a stable or
improving condition.*
> Approximately 320 occurrences of globally rare species are currently
> known to exist within the A.T. corridor, both on and off of ATPO
> lands. Of the 53 natural heritage sites on ATPO lands, 19 contain
> globally rare species. Three of those sites contain globally rare
> amphipods, which we do not have the ability to monitor at this time.
> For globally rare resources not on ATPO land, the NPS and ATC will
> support agency partners to implement management recommendations to
> protect globally rare species on their land. Natural heritage data in
> ATC's TREAD database will be linked to GIS data to make querying,
> manipulation and display of information easier.
Ia4. Water Quality
*Ia04. By September 30, 2005, ATPO will define and inventory its water
resources.*
ATPO Mission Goal Ib: The ATPO contributes to knowledge about natural
and cultural resources and associated values: management decisions about
resources and visitors are based on adequate scholarly and scientific
information.
Ib1. Natural Resource Inventories
Ib01. Trail Natural Resource Inventories
*Ib01A. By September 30, 2005, 14 (100%) of 14 natural heritage
inventories of rare, threatened and endangered vascular plants and some
animal classes will be completed within the A.T. corridor in the 14 A.T.
states.*
> Cooperating land managers decided early on that as ATPO began
> conducting natural and cultural resource inventories all lands within
> the Trail corridor would be inventoried. ATPO provides support to
> preserve resources on municipal, state and federal lands.
>
> Natural heritage inventories will be completed in Massachusetts and
> Georgia in FY 2000, in New York and New Jersey in FY2001, and in
> Maryland in FY2002. ATPO will prioritize recommended management
> actions. Federally listed Threatened, Endangered, and Globally Rare
> species will be prioritized for protection, and volunteer A.T.
> monitors will be recruited by ATC for the higher priority occurrences,
> if they are not already being monitored. For the highest priority
> sites on ATPO land, management recommendations to protect the species
> will be assessed by the NPS and ATC, and if time and monetary
> resources permit, management actions to protect the species will be
> implemented. Animal classes not surveyed in some of the state natural
> heritage inventories could be surveyed in FY2002-FY2004, pending the
> availability of financial resources. Some GIS data would be acquired,
> including digital orthophotography that could be used to identify
> location and extent of natural resources.
*Ib01B. By Sept 30, 2005, the locations and estimated acreages of
invasive exotic plant species will be identified on 500 miles of the
A.T., with concentration given to finding and documenting exotic species
within natural heritage sites along the Trail.*
> The documentation of exotic species along the A.T. will be
> accomplished using Appalachian Trail volunteers to identify the
> invasive exotic plant species and estimate the acreage covered by each
> invasive exotic plant. ATC would recruit volunteers for this purpose
> and ATPO and ATC would help train volunteers to identify exotic
> species and record information about them. The ATPO GIS Specialist
> would assist in documenting acreages of invasive exotic species. The
> annual goal for documenting invasive exotic species on the A.T. each
> year would be 100 miles.
Ib2. Cultural Resource Baselines
*Ib2A.* *By September 30, 2005, the number of Appalachian National
Scenic Trail archaeological sites inventoried, evaluated, and listed in
the National Park Service ASMIS is increased from 0 in FY 1999 to 24.*
*Ib2B. By September 30, 2005, the number of Appalachian National Scenic
Trail cultural landscapes inventoried, evaluated, and entered on the
National Park Service Cultural Landscapes Inventory (CLI) at Level II is
increased from 0 in FY 1999 to 1.*
*Ib02C. By September 30, 2005, the number of Appalachian National Scenic
Trail structures that have been inventoried and added to the LCS has
increased from 0 in FY 1999 to 4.*
> A substantial portion of Appalachian Trail lands have only recently
> been acquired. As a result, little cultural resource inventory data
> exists. In 1999, the Appalachian Trail Park Office and its
> Trail-management partners initiated the first of a series of
> state-by-state cultural resource overview and assessment projects to
> identify, evaluate, and categorize cultural resource sites along the
> A.T. Additional inventories will be completed as funding permits.
Ib3. Vital Signs
*Ib3. By September 30, 2005, the Appalachian National Scenic Trail has
identified its vital signs for natural resource monitoring.*
> GIS and other natural resource data will be acquired, and analyses
> performed to assist in the identification of vital signs for natural
> resource monitoring in the A.T. corridor. Natural heritage data from
> paper maps will be digitized into a GIS database for the A.T.
> corridor. In FY2000 a workshop will be held in the Southern
> Appalachians to determine interest in and potential direction for the
> monitoring of vital signs within the A.T. corridor.
**Goal Category II. Provide for the Public Use and Enjoyment and Visitor
Experience of Parks**
ATPO Mission Goal IIa0: Cooperator efforts are supported by the National
Park Service to assure visitors to the Appalachian Trail safely enjoy
and are satisfied with the availability and quality of trail facilities
and appropriate recreational opportunities.
IIa01. Visitor Satisfaction
*IIa01. By September 30, 2005, 98% of trail visitors are satisfied with
trail conditions and appropriate trail facilities.*
In 1999 a user survey was conducted along the entire length of the
Appalachian National Scenic Trail. A base line of 98% of satisfied trail
visitors was derived from that survey. A visitor survey card will be
developed for all National Trails to measure annual satisfaction rates.
Until the survey card is developed ATPO will seek to maintain the 1999
level of 98% satisfaction.
IIa02. Visitor Safety
*IIa02. By September 30, 2005, the visitor accident/incident rate on the
Appalachian National Scenic Trail is determined, as a formula is
developed to report visitation to the NPS Public Use Statistics office.*
Currently there is no means to determine the visitation to the
Appalachian National Scenic Trail. Although visitor accidents and
incidents occurring on ATPO lands are dealt with appropriately by this
office, we can not measure the percentage of occurrences as requested by
the NPS. The development of a visitation formula will allow us to report
to the NPS goal to reduce visitor accident/incident rates in the future.
Support from this office is also provided to trail partners for visitor
protection trail-wide.
**Goal Category III. Strengthen and Preserve Natural and Cultural
Resources and Enhance Recreational Opportunities Managed by Partners**
This mission goal refers to the legislated NPS partnership programs that
assist others outside of park units to preserve their natural, cultural
and recreational resources.
**Mission Goal IIIa: Natural and cultural resources are conserved
through formal**
**partnership programs**
IIIaX. Trail Partnerships
IIIaX1. Threatened and endangered species
*IIIaX1. By September 30, 2005, 15 (75%) of 20 of the FY1997 federally
listed threatened and endangered species within the corridor of the
Appalachian National Scenic Trail that do not have designated critical
habitat and do not have official National Park Service recovery actions
have stable status.*
> Currently, there are 20 occurrences of federally listed threatened and
> endangered species known to exist within the A.T. corridor; however,
> none of these have been documented on lands directly administered by
> ATPO. For those federally listed species within the A.T. corridor, but
> not on ATPO lands, the NPS and ATC will provide support to the
> appropriate agencies or organizations to implement management actions
> to protect the species and will assist in securing volunteers to
> monitor these species. The NPS and ATC will encourage monitoring and
> discuss implementation of management actions with A.T. partners for 5
> species occurrences each year. Natural heritage data will be digitized
> off of paper maps into a Trail-wide GIS system.
**Goal Category IV. Ensure Organizational Effectiveness**
**NPS Mission Goal IVa: The National Park Service uses current
management practices, systems, and technologies to accomplish its
mission.**
IVa3A. Performance Plans Linked to Goals
*IVa3A. By September 30, 2005, 100% of Appalachian National Scenic Trail
employee performance plans are linked to appropriate strategic and
annual performance goals and position competencies.*
IVa4A. Workforce Diversity.
*IVa4A. By September 30, 2005, the 4 Appalachian National Scenic Trail
permanent positions in the 9 targeted occupational series filled by
employees from underrepresented groups is maintained at the FY1999 level
of 3.*
IVa6A. Employee Lost-time Injury Rate.
*IVa6A. By September 30, 2005, the number of Appalachian National Scenic
Trail employee lost-time injuries is maintained at the FY1992-FY1996
five-year annual average of 0.*
IVa6B. Continuation of Pay Hours.
*IVa6B. By September 30, 2005, the number of Appalachian National Scenic
Trail hours of Continuation of Pay will remain at 0.*
IVb1. Volunteer Hours.
*IVb1. By September 30, 2005, the number of Appalachian National Scenic
Trail hours reported by Volunteers-in-the-Parks is maintained at
113,350.*
ATPO supports the efforts of approximately 4,500 volunteers who
contribute more than 180,000 hours annually towards maintenance and
management of the Trail. Approximately two-thirds of these volunteers
are Volunteers-in-Parks, and the remaining third are
Volunteers-in-Forests and reported by the United States Forest Service.
###### VI. CONSULTATIONS & MEASURING RESULTS
We consulted directly with the staff of the Appalachian Trail Conference
and indirectly with a variety of individuals and organizations in
developing our original plan and this revision. The goals and
initiatives of the ATPO are discussed in length with ATC staff and Board
of Managers on a regular basis. Below are the specific annual ATC
meetings which include ATPO staff: Field Staff Retreat, Trail and Land
Management Committee, Volunteer Recruitment, Training and Development
Committee, Education, Interpretation, and Outreach Committee, Board of
Managers Meeting.
Each employee of the ATPO is fully accountable for fulfilling his or her
individual goals identified in the Annual Performance Plan. Employees
are evaluated annually based on individual performance plans.
All members of the A.T. Cooperative Management System will receive a
copy of the Appalachian National Scenic Trail's Strategic Plan. Their
comments and suggestions will be welcome.
**VII. STRATEGIC PLAN PREPARERS**
The following trail staff members were involved in preparing this
Strategic Plan:
Pamela Underhill, Park Manager
Rita Hennessy, Outdoor Recreation Specialist, GPRA Coordinator
Don Owen, Environmental Protection Specialist
Bob Gray, Chief Ranger
Kent Schwarzkof, Natural Resource Specialist
Mark Grupe, GIS Specialist
Pete Irvine, USFS Liaison
*.*
## Appendix A
Members of the Appalachian National Scenic Trail's Cooperative
Management System
The members of the Appalachian National Scenic Trail's Cooperative
Management System include the following partners:
Trail Managing, Nonprofit Organizations - The Appalachian Trail
Conference, The Maine Appalachian Trail Club, Appalachian Mountain Club,
Randolph Mountain Club, Dartmouth Outing Club, Green Mountain Club,
Vermont Land Trust, AMC-Berkshire Chapter, AMC-Connecticut Chapter, New
York-New Jersey Trail Conference, Keystone Trails Association,
Wilmington Trail Club, Batona Hiking Club, AMC-Delaware Valley Chapter,
Philadelphia Trail Club, Hawk Mountain Sanctuary Association, Blue
Mountain Eagle Climbing Club, Allentown Hiking Club, Brandywine Valley
Outing Club, Susquehanna Appalachian Trail Club, York Hiking Club,
Mountain Club of Maryland, Cumberland Valley A.T. Management
Association, Potomac Appalachian Trail Club, Old Dominion Appalachian
Trail Club, Tidewater Appalachian Trail Club, Natural Bridge Appalachian
Trail Club, Roanoke Appalachian Trail Club, Outdoor Club at Virginia
Tech, Piedmont Appalachian Trail Hikers, Mount Rogers Appalachian Trail
Club, Tennessee Eastman Hiking Club, Carolina Mountain Club, Southern
Appalachian Highlands Conservancy, Smoky Mountains Hiking Club,
Nantahala Hiking Club, Georgia Appalachian Trail Club.
State Agencies -- MAINE - Baxter State Park, Department of Conservation,
Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, Warden Service, Office of
State Planning, Department of Public Safety; NEW HAMPSHIRE -- Department
of Resources and Economic Development, Office of State Planning, State
Police; VERMONT -- Agency of Natural Resources, Environmental and Water
Resources Board, Department of Public Safety, State Police;
MASSACHUSETTS -- Executive Office of Environmental Affairs, Department
of Environmental Management, Division of Fisheries, Wildlife and
Environmental Law Enforcement, Department of Public Safety; CONNECTICUT
-- Department of Environmental Protection, Department of Transportation,
State Police; NEW YORK -- Department of Environmental Conservation,
Division of Fish and Wildlife, Department of Transportation, Bridge
Authority, Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation,
Palisades Interstate Park Commission, State Police; NEW JERSEY --
Department of Environmental Protection, State Police; PENNSYLVANIA --
Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Game Commission, Fish
Commission, Department of Transportation, Natural Diversity Inventory
Office, State Police; MARYLAND -- Department of Natural Resources,
Department of Transportation, State Police; WEST VIRGINIA -- Department
of Natural Resources, Department of Transportation, State Police;
VIRGINIA -- Department of Conservation and Recreation, Department of
Forestry, Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, Department of
Transportation, Department of Emergency Services, State Police;
TENNESSEE -- Department of Environment and Conservation; NORTH CAROLINA
-- Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources; GEORGIA --
Department of Natural Resources.
Federal Agencies/Units -- UNITED STATES FOREST SERVICE - White Mountain
National Forest, Green Mountain National Forest, George Washington and
Jefferson National Forests, Cherokee National Forest, National Forests
in North Carolina, Pisgah National Forest, Nantahala National Forest,
Chattahoochee National Forest; UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE -
Wallkill River National Wildlife Refuge; NATIONAL PARK SERVICE --
Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, C&O Canal National
Historical Park, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Shenandoah
National Park, Blue Ridge Parkway, Great Smoky Mountain National Park;
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTE; Tennessee Valley Authority.
| en |
converted_docs | 360646 | February 8, 2008
**Subject:** Minutes of the Environmental Management System Committee
Meeting on January 31, 2008
**To:** Location EMS Committee Members
Research Leaders
**From:** Tamara Snipes, Chemist/EMS Coordinator
The EMS Committee met on January 31, 2008 at 11:00 AM in the CPMRU
Conference Room. T. Snipes, L Marshall, J. Merriman, T. Strickland, T.
Hendricks, R. Hornbuckle, K. Marchant, and R. Scarborough were the
committee members in attendance. The main purpose of the meeting was to
discuss targets for FY08. The targets we focus on for the year are
usually chosen and approved by this time. However, we were told in
December 2007 that the reporting period was transitioning to the
calendar year. Since then, the reporting period has been redirected to
the fiscal year.
The meeting began by discussing the visit of Willis Hunter, Chief of
Environmental Safety at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center near
Brunswick, GA. Mr. Hunter contacted T. Snipes in mid-December requesting
help with their EMS program after locating the Tifton EMS webpage. Mr.
Hunter and his secretary visited Tifton on January 4, 2008. T. Snipes
met with them and went over how our program was being organized, various
reporting forms, and other EMS topics of concern. While here, Mr. Hunter
mentioned the Federal Electronics Challenge (FEC) when he learned about
our e-Cycling initiatives. He agreed to mentor our facility in the FEC
since his facility participated last year and received an award. This
will become a FY08 target. We will write and implement a policy for the
purchase of electronic equipment that will be consistent with standards
set in Executive Order 13423.
The committee has requested the cleanout and replacement of all mercury
containing devices that can be easily replaced with a mercury
alternative. T. Hendricks has collected many thermometers and other
devices. The next step in the mercury reduction plan will be to
inventory all federal buildings for mercury containing thermostats.
These may be replaced as part of R&M, but should be disposed of properly
at that time. This will become our second target for FY08.
The third target will involve drafting a vehicle policy which includes
carpooling, taking the most efficient vehicle to meetings, and possibly
purchasing some hybrid vehicles as sedans come up for replacement.
Annual refresher training was held on January 18, 2008. Beth Anderson
visited Tifton to provide on-site training. She also provided Hazardous
Waste training for those that work with or potentially work with
hazardous chemicals. We currently have 83% participation with the annual
training. Those who could not attend the training have been given the
deadline of February 15 to complete the training online.
The next meeting of the Location EMS Committee will be scheduled
tentatively for mid-April 2008.
| en |
all-txt-docs | 219172 | NOTE: Quad-specific metadata files are not yet available.
National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) Metadata
1 Identification Information
1.1 Citation
8.1 Originator: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, National
Wetlands Inventory
8.2 Publication Date: Range from Oct. 1981 to present;
information for this element varies for each 7.5' quad. See the
quad-specific metadata file.
8.4 Title: Information for this element varies for each 7.5'
quad. See the quad-specific metadata file.
8.8 Publication Information
8.8.1 Publication Place: St.Petersburg, Florida
8.8.2Publisher: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, National
Wetlands Inventory
1.2 Description
1.2.1 Abstract: NWI digital data files are records of
wetlands location and classification as defined by the U.S. Fish &
Wildlife Service. This dataset is one of a series available in 7.5
minute by 7.5 minute blocks containing ground planimetric
coordinates of wetlands point, line, and area features and wetlands
attributes. When completed, the series will provide coverage for
all of the contiguous United States, Hawaii, Alaska, and U.S.
protectorates in the Pacific and Caribbean. The digital data as
well as the hardcopy maps that were used as the source for the
digital data are produced and distributed by the U.S. Fish &
Wildlife Service's National Wetlands Inventory project.
1.2.2 Purpose: The data provide consultants, planners, and
resource managers with information on wetland location and type.
The data were collected to meet U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service's
mandate to map the wetland and deepwater habitats of the United
States.
1.3 Time Period of Content
9.2 Multiple Dates/Times
9.1.1 Calendar Date: Ranges from Feb. 1971 to Dec. 1992.
Information for this element varies for each 7.5' quad. See the
quad-specific metadata file.
1.3.1 Currentness Reference: source photography date
1.4 Status
1.4.1 Progress: Complete
1.4.2 Maintenance and Update Frequency: Irregular
1.5 Spatial Domain
1.5.1 Bounding Coordinates
1.5.1.1 West Bounding Coordinate: Information for this
element varies for each 7.5' quad. See the quad-specific metadata
file.
1.5.1.2 East Bounding Coordinate: Information for this
element varies for each 7.5' quad. See the quad-specific metadata
file.
1.5.1.3 North Bounding Coordinate: Information for this
element varies for each 7.5' quad. See the quad-specific metadata
file.
1.5.1.4 South Bounding Coordinate: Information for this
element varies for each 7.5' quad. See the quad-specific metadata
file.
1.6 Keywords
1.6.1 Theme
1.6.1.1 Theme Keyword Thesaurus: None
1.6.1.2 Theme Keyword: wetlands
1.6.1.2 Theme Keyword: hydrologic
1.6.1.2 Theme Keyword: land cover
1.6.1.2 Theme Keyword: surface and manmade features
1.6.2 Place
1.6.2.1 Place Keyword Thesaurus: None
1.6.2.2 Place Keyword: Range includes all 50 states, Puerto
Rico, Virgin Islands. Information for this element varies for each
7.5' quad. See the quad-specific metadata file.
1.7 Access Constraints: none
1.8 Use Constraints: Federal, State, and local regulatory
agencies with jurisdiction over wetlands may define and describe
wetlands in a different manner than that used in this inventory.
There is no attempt, in either the design or products of this
inventory, to define the limits of proprietary jurisdiction of any
Federal, State, or local government or to establish the
geographical scope of the regulatory programs of government
agencies. Persons intending to engage in activities involving
modifications within or adjacent to wetland areas should seek the
advice of appropriate Federal, State, or local agencies concerning
specified agency regulatory programs and proprietary jurisdictions
that may affect such activities.
1.9 Point of Contact
10.2 Contact Organization Primary
10.1.2 Contact Organization: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service,
National Wetlands Inventory
10.3 Contact Position: Chief Cartographer
10.4 Contact Address
10.4.1 Address Type: mailing and physical address
10.4.2 Address: 9720 Executive Center Drive
10.4.3 City: St.Petersburg
10.4.4 State or Province: Florida
10.4.5 Postal Code: 33702
1.13 Native Data Set Environment: NWI uses Wetlands Analytical
Mapping System (WAMS) software version 4.06 running under the
SUNOS 4.x operating system to digitize wetlands information.
2 Data Quality Information
2.1 Attribute Accuracy
2.1.1 Attribute Accuracy Report: Attribute accuracy is tested
by manual comparison of the source with hard copy printouts and/or
symbolized display of the digital wetlands data on an interactive
computer graphic system. In addition, WAMS software (USFWS-NWI)
tests the attributes against a master set of valid wetland
attributes.
2.2 Logical Consistency Report: Polygons intersecting the
neatline are closed along the border. Segments making up the outer
and inner boundaries of a polygon tie end-to-end to completely
enclose the area. Line segments are a set of sequentially numbered
coordinate pairs. No duplicate features exist nor duplicate points
in a data string. Intersecting lines are separated into individual
line segments at the point of intersection. Point data are
represented by two sets of coordinate pairs, each with the same
coordinate values. All nodes are represented by a single
coordinate pair which indicates the beginning or end of a line
segment. The neatline is generated by connecting the four corners
of the digital file, as established during initialization of the
digital file. All data crossing the neatline are clipped to the
neatline and data within a specified tolerance of the neatline are
snapped to the neatline. Tests for logical consistency are
performed by WAMS verification software (USFWS-NWI).
2.3 Completeness Report: All photo-interpretable wetlands are
mapped. In the treeless prairies, 1/4 acre wetlands are mapped.
In forested areas, small open water and emergent wetlands are
mapped. In general, the minimum mapping unit is from 1 to 3 acres
depending on the wetland type and the scale and emulsion of the
source aerial photography. In regions of the country where
evergreen forested wetlands predominate, wetlands smaller than 3
acres may not be mapped. Thus, a detailed on the ground and
historical analysis of a single site may result in a revision of
the wetland boundaries established through photographic
interpretation. In addition, some small wetlands and those
obscured by dense forest cover may not be included in this dataset.
Positional Accuracy
Horizontal Positional Accuracy
Horizontal Positional Accuracy Report: Horizontal
positional accuracy for the digital data is tested by visual
comparison of the source with hard copy plots.
2.5 Lineage
2.5.1 Source Information
2.5.1.1 Source Citation
8.1 Originator: Domain includes U.S. Geological Survey
(USGS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), National Aeronautics
and Space Administration (NASA), special project. Information for
this element varies for each 7.5' quad. See the quad-specific
metadata file.
8.2 Publication Date: Ranges from Feb. 1971 to Dec. 1992.
Information for this element varies for each 7.5' quad. See the
quad-specific metadata file.
8.4 Title: Domain includes National Aerial Photography
Program (NAPP), National High Altitude Photography (NHAP),
Agricultural and Stabilization Conservation Service (ASCS), NASA
or special project photography. Information for this element
varies for each 7.5' quad. See the quad-specific metadata file.
8.6 Geospatial Data Presentation Form: aerial photograph
2.5.1.2 Source Scale Denominator: Ranges from 20,000 to
132,000. Information for this element varies for each 7.5' quad.
See the quad-specific metadata file.
2.5.1.3 Type of Source Media: Domain includes black and
white, color infrared, or natural color aerial photograph film
transparency. Information for this element varies for each 7.5'
quad. See the quad-specific metadata file.
2.5.1.4 Source Time Period of Content
9.2 Multiple Dates/Times
9.1.1 Calendar Date: Ranges from Feb. 1971 to Dec.
1992. Information for this element varies for each 7.5' quad. See
the quad-specific metadata file.
2.5.1.4.1 Source Currentness Reference: photo date
2.5.1.5 Source Citation Abbreviation: NWI1
2.5.1.6 Source Contribution: wetlands spatial and attribute
information
2.5.1 Source Information
2.5.1.1 Source Citation
8.1 Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
8.2 Publication Date: Ranges from 1902 to 1992.
Information for this element varies for each 7.5' quad. See the
quad-specific metadata file.
8.4 Title: topographic map
8.6 Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map
8.8 Publication Information
8.8.1 Publication Place: Reston,VA
8.8.2 Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
2.5.1.2 Source Scale Denominator: Domain includes 20,000,
24000. 25000, 30000, and 62500. Information for this element
varies for each 7.5' quad. See the quad-specific metadata file.
2.5.1.3 Type of Source Media: stable-base material
2.5.1.4 Source Time Period of Content
9.1 Single Date/Time
9.1.1 Calendar Date: Ranges from 1902 to 1992.
Information for this element varies for each 7.5' quad. See the
quad-specific metadata file.
2.5.1.4.1 Source Currentness Reference: publication date
2.5.1.5 Source Citation Abbreviation: NWI2
2.5.1.6 Source Contribution: base cartographic data
2.5.1 Source Information
2.5.1.1 Source Citation
8.1 Originator: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, National
Wetlands Inventory
8.2 Publication Date: Ranges from 1979 to 1994.
Information for this element varies for each 7.5' quad. See the
quad-specific metadata file.
8.4 Title: Information for this element varies for each
7.5' quad. See the quad-specific metadata file.
8.6 Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map
8.8 Publication Information
8.8.1 Publication Place: St.Petersburg,Florida
8.8.2 Publisher: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, National
Wetlands Inventory
2.5.1.2 Source Scale Denominator: Domain includes 20,000,
24000. 25000, 30000, and 62500. Information for this element
varies for each 7.5' quad. See the quad-specific metadata file.
2.5.1.3 Type of Source Media: stable-base material
2.5.1.4 Source Time Period of Content
9.1 Single Date/Time
9.1.1 Calendar Date: Ranges from 1979 to 1994.
Information for this element varies for each 7.5' quad. See the
quad-specific metadata file.
2.5.1.4.1 Source Currentness Reference: publication date
2.5.1.5 Source Citation Abbreviation: NWI3
2.5.1.6 Source Contribution: wetlands location and
classification
2.5.2 Process Step
2.5.2.1 Process Description: NWI maps are compiled through
manual photointerpretation ( using Cartgraphic Engineering 4X Mirror
Stereoscopes) of NHAP or NAPP aerial photography
supplemented by Soil Surveys and field checking of wetland photo
signatures. Delineated wetland boundaries are manually transferred
from interpreted photos to USGS 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle
maps and then manually labelled. Quality control steps occur
throughout the photointerpretation, map compilation, and map
reproduction processes.
2.5.2.2 Source Used Citation Abbreviation: NWI1
2.5.2.2 Source Used Citation Abbreviation: NWI2
2.5.2.3 Process Date: Ranges from 1979 to 1994. Information
for this element varies for each 7.5' quad. See the quad-specific
metadata file.
2.5.2.5 Source Produced Citation Abbreviation: NWI3
2.5.2 Process Step
2.5.2.1 Process Description: Digital wetlands data are
either manually digitized or scanned from stable-base copies of the
1:24,000 scale wetlands overlays registered to the standard U.S.
Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5 minute quadrangles into topologically
correct data files using Wetlands Analytical Mapping System (WAMS)
software. Files contain ground planimetric coordinates and wetland
attributes. The quadrangles were referenced to the North American
Datum of 1927 (NAD27) horizontal datum. The scanning process
captured the digital data at a scanning resolution of at least
0.001 inches; the resulting raster data were vectorized and then
attributed on an interactive editing station. Manual digitizing
used a digitizing table to capture the digital data at a resolution
of at least 0.005 inches; attribution was performed as the data
were digitized. The determination of scanning versus manual
digitizing production method was based on feature density, source
map quality, feature symbology, and availability of production
systems. The data were checked for position by comparing plots of
the digital data to the source material.
2.5.2.2 Source Used Citation Abbreviation: NWI3
2.5.2.3 Process Date: Ranges from Oct. 1981 to present.
Information for this element varies for each 7.5' quad. See the
quad-specific metadata file.
3 Spatial Data Organization Information
3.2 Direct Spatial Reference Method: vector
4 Spatial Reference Information
4.1 Horizontal Coordinate System Definition
4.1.2 Planar
4.1.2.2 Grid Coordinate System
4.1.2.2.1 Grid Coordinate System Name: Universal
Transverse Mercator
4.1.2.2.2 Universal Transverse Mercator
4.1.2.2.2.1 UTM Zone Number: Ranges from 4 to 20.
Information for this element varies for each 7.5' quad. See the
quad-specific metadata file.
4.1.2.1.2 Transverse Mercator (Map Projection
Parameters)
4.1.2.1.2.17 Scale Factor at Central Meridian:
0.9996
4.1.2.1.2.2 Longitude of Central Meridian: Ranges
from -159.0 to -63.0. Information for this element varies for each
7.5' quad. See the quad-specific metadata file.
4.1.2.1.2.3 Latitude of Projection Origin: 0.0
4.1.2.1.2.4 False Easting: 500000.0
4.1.2.1.2.5 False Northing: 0.0
4.1.2.4 Planar Coordinate Information
4.1.2.4.1 Planar Coordinate Encoding Method: coordinate
pair
4.1.2.4.2 Coordinate Representation
4.1.2.4.2.1 Abscissa Resolution: 0.61
4.1.2.4.2.2 Ordinate Resolution: 0.61
4.1.2.4.4 Planar Distance Units: meters
4.1.4 Geodetic Model
4.1.4.1 Horizontal Datum Name: North American Datum of 1927
4.1.4.2 Ellipsoid Name: Clarke 1866
4.1.4.3 Semi-major Axis: 6378206.4
4.1.4.4 Denominator of Flattening Ratio: 294.9787
5 Entity and Attribute Information
5.1 Detailed Description
5.1.1 Entity Type
5.1.1.1 Entity Type Label: wetland
5.1.1.2 Entity Type Definition: Wetlands are lands
transitional between terrestrial and aquatic systems where the
water table is usually at or near the surface or the land is
covered by shallow water. For purposes of this classification
wetlands must have one or more of the following three attributes:
1) at least periodically, the land supports predominantly
hydrophytes; 2) the substrate is predominantly undrained hydric
soil; and 3) the substrate is non-soil and is saturated with water
or covered by shallow water at some time during the growing season
of each year.
5.1.1.3 Entity Type Definition Source: Cowardin, L.M., V.
Carter, F. Golet, and E. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands
and deepwater habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish Wildlife
Service. 103 pp.
5.1.2 Attribute
5.1.2.1 Attribute label: wetland classification
5.1.2.2 Attribute Definition: classification of the wetland
5.1.2.3 Attribute Definition Source: Cowardin, L.M., V.
Carter, F. Golet, and E. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands
and deepwater habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish Wildlife
Service. 103 pp.
5.1.2.4 Attribute Domain Values
5.1.2.4.3 Codeset Domain
5.1.2.4.3.1 Codeset Name: valid wetland classification
code list
5.1.2.4.3.2 Codeset Source: Photointerpretation
Conventions for the National Wetlands Inventory, March 1990
5.2 Overview Description
5.2.1 Entity and Attribute Overview: The wetland
classification system is hierarchical, with wetlands and deepwater
habitats divided among five major systems at the broadest level.
The five systems include Marine (open ocean and associated
coastline), Estuarine (salt marshes and brackish tidal water),
Riverine (rivers, creeks, and streams), Lacustrine (lakes and deep
ponds), and Palustrine (shallow ponds, marshes, swamps, sloughs).
Systems are further subdivided into subsystems which reflect
hydrologic conditions. Below the subsystem is the class which
describes the appearance of the wetland in terms of vegetation or
substrate. Each class is further subdivided into subclasses;
vegetated subclasses are described in terms of life form and
substrate subclasses in terms of composition. The classification
system also includes modifiers to describe hydrology (water
regime), soils, water chemistry (pH, salinity), and special
modifiers relating to man's activities (e.g., impounded, partly
drained).
5.2.2 Entity and Attribute Detail Citation: Cowardin, L.M., V.
Carter, F. Golet, and E. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands
and deepwater habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish Wildlife
Service. 103 pp.
5.2.2 Entity and Attribute Detail Citation:
Photointerpretation Conventions for the National Wetlands
Inventory, March 1990
6 Distribution Information
6.1 Distributor
10.2 Contact Organization Primary
10.1.2 Contact Organization: USGS-Earth Science Information
Center
10.4 Contact Address
10.4.1 Address Type: mailing address
10.4.2 Address: 507 National Center
10.4.3 City: Reston
10.4.4 State or Province: Virginia
10.4.5 Postal Code: 22092
10.5 Contact Voice Telephone: 1 800 USA MAPS
10.5 Contact Voice Telephone: 1 703 638 6045
6.3 Distribution Liability: none
6.4 Standard Order Process
6.4.1 Non-digital Form: Hardcopy NWI wetlands maps at various
scales, on diazo paper or mylar, composited with or without the
USGS base map.
6.4.2 Digital Form
6.4.2.1 Digital Transfer Information
6.4.2.1.1 Format Name: DLG
6.4.2.1.2 Format Version Number: 3
6.4.2.1.4 Format Specification: Optional
6.4.2.2 Digital Transfer Option
6.4.2.2.1 Online Option
6.4.2.2.1.1 Computer Contact Information
6.4.2.2.1.1.1 Network Address
6.4.2.2.1.1.1.1 Network Resource Name: ftp:
192.189.43.33 (dlgdata directory) or http://www.nwi.fws.gov/
6.4.2.2.1.2 Access Instructions: Anyone with access
to the Internet may connect to NWI's server via anonymous ftp and
download available NWI digital wetlands data in DLG3-Optional
format. Indexes for NWI hardcopy maps and digital data are also
available as well as digital wetlands data in a variety of other
formats (MOSS Export, GRASS vector, DXF, and ARC Export) for 14
sample 7.5 minute quadrangles throughout the USA. To access: ftp
to the NWI server, login as anonymous, enter your e-mail address at
the password prompt, change to the dlgdata directory for DLG data,
change to the maps directory for indexes, change to the samples
directory for a sampling of digital data files in formats other
than DLG. Use the ftp 'get' command to transfer readme file for
further instructions. View the NWI home page by pointing your
World Wide Web browser to the http address shown above.
6.4.2.2.1.3 Online Computer and Operating System: Sun
Model 690MP Unix server. SunOS 4.X operating system.
6.4.2.2.2 Offline Option
6.4.2.2.2.1Offline Media: 8mm cartridge tape (2,5,
or 10 Gb)
6.4.2.2.2.2 Recording Capacity
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 2
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 5
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 10
6.4.2.2.2.2.2 Recording Density Units: gigabytes
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: tar
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: ASCII recording mode
available with no internal labels; the logical record length is 80
bytes; the block size is a multiple of 80 up to 8000 bytes
6.4.2.2.2 Offline Option
6.4.2.2.2.1Offline Media: 1/4-inch cartridge tape
(150 Mb)
6.4.2.2.2.2 Recording Capacity
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 150
6.4.2.2.2.2.2 Recording Density Units: megabytes
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: tar
6.4.2.2.2 Offline Option
6.4.2.2.2.1 Offline Media: 9-track tape
6.4.2.2.2.2 Recording Capacity
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 1600
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 6250
6.4.2.2.2.2.2 Recording Density Units: characters
per inch
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: tar
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: ASCII recording mode
available with no internal labels; the logical record length is 80
bytes; the block size is a multiple of 80 up to 8000 bytes
6.4.2.2.2 Offline Option
6.4.2.2.2.1 Offline Media: 3-1/2 inch floppy disk
(high density)
6.4.2.2.2.2 Recording Capacity
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 1.44
6.4.2.2.2.2.2 Recording Density Units: megabytes
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: tar
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: MS-DOS
6.4.2 Digital Form
6.4.2.1 Digital Transfer Information
6.4.2.1.1 Format Name: MOSS
6.4.2.1.4 Format Specification: Export
6.4.2.2 Digital Transfer Option
6.4.2.2.2 Offline Option
6.4.2.2.2.1Offline Media: 8mm cartridge tape (2,5,
or 10 Gb)
6.4.2.2.2.2 Recording Capacity
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 2
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 5
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 10
6.4.2.2.2.2.2 Recording Density Units: gigabytes
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: tar
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: ASCII recording mode
available with no internal labels; the logical record length is 80
bytes; the block size is a multiple of 80 up to 8000 bytes
6.4.2.2.2 Offline Option
6.4.2.2.2.1 Offline Media: 1/4-inch cartridge tape
(150 Mb)
6.4.2.2.2.2 Recording Capacity
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 150
6.4.2.2.2.2.2 Recording Density Units: megabytes
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: tar
6.4.2.2.2 Offline Option
6.4.2.2.2.1 Offline Media: 9-track tape
6.4.2.2.2.2 Recording Capacity
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 1600
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 6250
6.4.2.2.2.2.2 Recording Density Units: characters
per inch
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: tar
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: ASCII recording mode
available with no internal labels; the logical record length is 80
bytes; the block size is a multiple of 80 up to 8000 bytes
6.4.2.2.2 Offline Option
6.4.2.2.2.1 Offline Media: 3-1/2 inch floppy disk
(high density)
6.4.2.2.2.2 Recording Capacity
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 1.44
6.4.2.2.2.2.2 Recording Density Units: megabytes
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: tar
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: MS-DOS
6.4.2 Digital Form
6.4.2.1 Digital Transfer Information
6.4.2.1.1 Format Name: GRASS
6.4.2.1.2 Format Version Number: 3.0
6.4.2.1.4 Format Specification: Vector
6.4.2.2 Digital Transfer Option
6.4.2.2.2 Offline Option
6.4.2.2.2.1Offline Media: 8mm cartridge tape (2,5,
or 10 Gb)
6.4.2.2.2.2 Recording Capacity
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 2
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 5
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 10
6.4.2.2.2.2.2 Recording Density Units: gigabytes
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: tar
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: ASCII recording mode
available with no internal labels; the logical record length is 80
bytes; the block size is a multiple of 80 up to 8000 bytes
6.4.2.2.2 Offline Option
6.4.2.2.2.1Offline Media: 1/4-inch cartridge tape
(150 Mb)
6.4.2.2.2.2 Recording Capacity
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 150
6.4.2.2.2.2.2 Recording Density Units: megabytes
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: tar
6.4.2.2.2 Offline Option
6.4.2.2.2.1 Offline Media: 9-track tape
6.4.2.2.2.2 Recording Capacity
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 1600
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 6250
6.4.2.2.2.2.2 Recording Density Units: characters
per inch
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: tar
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: ASCII recording mode
available with no internal labels; the logical record length is 80
bytes; the block size is a multiple of 80 up to 8000 bytes
6.4.2.2.2 Offline Option
6.4.2.2.2.1 Offline Media: 3-1/2 inch floppy disk
(high density)
6.4.2.2.2.2 Recording Capacity
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 1.44
6.4.2.2.2.2.2 Recording Density Units: megabytes
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: tar
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: MS-DOS
6.4.2 Digital Form
6.4.2.1 Digital Transfer Information
6.4.2.1.1 Format Name: DXF
6.4.2.2 Digital Transfer Option
6.4.2.2.2 Offline Option
6.4.2.2.2.1Offline Media: 8mm cartridge tape (2,5,
or 10 Gb)
6.4.2.2.2.2 Recording Capacity
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 2
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 5
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 10
6.4.2.2.2.2.2 Recording Density Units: gigabytes
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: tar
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: ASCII recording mode
available with no internal labels; the logical record length is 80
bytes; the block size is a multiple of 80 up to 8000 bytes
6.4.2.2.2 Offline Option
6.4.2.2.2.1Offline Media: 1/4-inch cartridge tape
(150 Mb)
6.4.2.2.2.2 Recording Capacity
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 150
6.4.2.2.2.2.2 Recording Density Units: megabytes
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: tar
6.4.2.2.2 Offline Option
6.4.2.2.2.1 Offline Media: 9-track tape
6.4.2.2.2.2 Recording Capacity
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 1600
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 6250
6.4.2.2.2.2.2 Recording Density Units: characters
per inch
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: tar
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: ASCII recording mode
available with no internal labels; the logical record length is 80
bytes; the block size is a multiple of 80 up to 8000 bytes
6.4.2.2.2 Offline Option
6.4.2.2.2.1 Offline Media: 3-1/2 inch floppy disk
(high density)
6.4.2.2.2.2 Recording Capacity
6.4.2.2.2.2.1 Recording Density: 1.44
6.4.2.2.2.2.2 Recording Density Units: megabytes
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: tar
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: MS-DOS
6.4.3 Fees: Digital Form - The online copy of the DLG data
set may be retrieved via ftp at no charge. For delivery of digital
data on magnetic tape, the prices are: purchased by single 7.5
minute quad unit: $40 per dataset; purchased in groups of 2 to 6:
$20 per dataset; purchased in groups of 7 or more: $90 base fee
plus $7 per dataset. Non-digital Form - $3.50 per diazo paper map;
$5.25 per diazo mylar map.
6.4.4 Ordering Instructions: For digital data orders on 3.5"
floppy disk, a maximum order of 10 quads is allowed. Data may be
ordered in latitude/longitude or State Plane Coordinate System
coordinates (Universal Transverse Mercator coordinates are
standard). Latitude/longitude coordinates are not available with
GRASS format. For this service, the user must order data through
USGS-ESIC for delivery on magnetic media. Please specify the
desired coordinate system when ordering. Non-digital form: specify
wetlands overlay or wetlands overlay composited with USGS base map.
6.6 Technical Prerequisites: Check NWI's ftp site, maps
directory for an explanation of the wetland codes. Check NWI's
ftp site, software directory for a program that will parse the
wetland codes to fixed length format. Check NWI's ftp site,
software directory for an AML to convert NWI DLG files to ARC/INFO
coverages.
7 Metadata Reference Information
7.1 Metadata Date: 19950711
7.4 Metadata Contact
10.1 Contact Person Primary
10.1.1 Contact Person: Linda Shaffer
10.1.2 Contact Organization: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service,
National Wetlands Inventory
10.3 Contact Position: Chief Cartographer
10.4 Contact Address
10.4.1 Address Type: mailing and physical address
10.4.2 Address: 9720 Executive Center Drive
10.4.3 City: St.Petersburg
10.4.4 State or Province: Florida
10.4.5 Postal Code: 33702
10.5 Contact Voice Telephone: 813 570 5411
10.7 Contact Facsimile Telephone: 813 570 5420
10.8 Contact Electronic Mail Address:
linda@wetlands.nwi.fws.gov
7.5 Metadata Standard Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital
Geospatial Metadata
7.6 Metadata Standard Version: 19940608
| en |
markdown | 090130 | # Presentation: 090130
## 5 Year Optical Networks Roadmap
**Lou Berger****lberger@movaz.com**
**September 13, 2005**
## 5 Year Key Evolutionary Themes
**Topologies:**** ****Rings **** ******** Mesh**
**Transparency: **** ****Service **** ******** Wavelength**
**Technology:**** ****OEO **** ******** OOO**** **** ****Fixed ******** ******** Tunable**** **** ****10G**** ******** 160G**** **** ****ms**** ******** ********s/********s**
**Control:**** ****Single Domain **** ******** Multi-Domain**** ****Usage based**** ******** Policy based**** ****Rigid model**** ******** Flexible model**
## Optical Network Services Roadmap
_**2005**_
_**2006**_
_**2007**_
_**2008**_
_**2009**_
_**2010**_
- 2.5G** ********10G ******40G
**Mainly OEO **
**Rate/Service specific**
**– ****SONET/GFP/VCAT**
**– ****Ethernet**
**Some optical handoff **
**– ****ITU Grid**
**– ****Client power management****(Tailored reach/power)**
**2.5G ******** ********160G**
**Full transparency**
**Protocol & rate ****independent**
**No OEO**
**Network manages****all optical ****parameters**
- 2.5G** ********10G ********40G**
**Rate/Service specific**
**– ****OTN – OTU/ODU**
**Optical handoff with**
**Rate/protocol specific****regen (WDM handoff)**
**Protection services **
******10G ********40G ******160G
**Mix of OEO/OOO **
**Service transparency ****using OEO & OOO**
**Photonic encryption**
**Optical handoff with****network power ****management**
## Optical Network Technology Roadmap
_**2005**_
_**2006**_
_**2007**_
_**2008**_
_**2009**_
_**2010**_
**Ring centric**
**Some multi-ring (n=2)**
**Arbitrary mesh**
**Some “rings” **
**– ****where needed**
**Ring centric**
**Multi-ring (n >= 4)**
**Rings at the edge**
**Mesh in the core**
**Economical****optical switching**
**Tunable lasers**
**OEO Regen**
**OEO ******** Conversion**
**OOO ******** Conversion**
**Reach conversion**
**Scalable/modular **** optical switching**
**Tunable filters / **** tunable add/drop**
**Large scale ****optical switching**
**OOO Regen**
**Network**
**Topology**
**Optical **
**Technology**
## Service Provisioning (Control Plane)
_**2005**_
_**2006**_
_**2007**_
_**2008**_
_**2009**_
_**2010**_
**Static/Manual**
**IETF GMPLS in ****private & labs**
**OIF (GMPLS) demos**
**User triggered ****lightpaths**
**Unified IETF/ITU model**
**GMPLS intra-provider**
**Experimentation with ****other approaches**
**Standardized in-fiber ****control channel**
**Optical (GMPLS) VPNs**
**GMPLS inter-provider**
**Alternate signaling ?**
## Key Research
**Deployable all optical regeneration**
**Deployable all optical translation**
**Automation of optical transmission engineering**
**Highly dynamic optical transmission systems**
**Components**
**Control system and protocols**
**Policy based control plane**
## 5 Year Optical Networks Roadmap
**Lou Berger****lberger@movaz.com**
**September 13, 2005** | en |
converted_docs | 812516 | September 5, 2008 {width="1.0013888888888889in"
height="1.0013888888888889in"}
US Department of Interior Mineral Management Services
Attention: Regulations and Standards Branch
381 Eldon Street, MS 4042
Herndon, Virginia 20170-4817
To Whom It May Concern:
SUBJECT: COMMENTS ON PROPOSED RULES: ALTERNATIVE ENERGY AND ALTERNATIVE
USES OF EXISTING FACILITIES ON THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF.
The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) offers the
following comments on the proposed rules for 'Alternative Energy and
Alternate Uses of Existing Facilities on the Outer Continental Shelf'.
Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) believes the
development of offshore energy generating structures could potentially
be detrimental to the fish and wildlife resources of Washington State.
While these projects will be constructed outside of Washington State
waters, many species move across state lines as part of their normal
daily and seasonal migration, or simply following the schools of forage
fish, and thus these facilities can impact the fish and wildlife
resources of Washington State without being located in state waters. We
have detailed information that salmon, some bottom fish, numerous
species of marine birds and marine mammals routinely migrate between
state waters and the MMS lands beyond three miles.
Washington State places a high value on its fish and wildlife resources.
Our agency has the mandate to preserve, protect, perpetuate, and manage
the fish and wildlife resources of Washington State, and this includes
the habitat essential to these resources. The goal of WDFW's mitigation
policy is to achieve no loss of habitat functions or values, and we seek
to avoid impacts, or, when necessary, mitigate for losses from man-made
impacts. To achieve this goal, we need research and monitoring to
determine if and when impacts are occurring and a mitigation procedure
for determining losses and the best course of action to achieve
mitigation.
These structures may also interfere with the economic and traditional
uses of offshore waters, particularly by commercial and recreational
fishermen based in Washington State. Many of these fisheries have been
operating in the offshore areas adjacent to Washington State for 50
years or longer, and represent a significant primary industry for
coastal Washington, as well as a traditional way of life for many
coastal residents. The extent of interference may vary by the type of
fishing gear, and the extent of offshore development. Since there has
been no prior development of the Outer Continental Shelf off Washington
State, and no comparable development in the region, the State has no
means of estimating the economic cost of offshore structures on the
fishing industry. Fisheries that rely on open and unfettered waters may
have modify their equipment or operation, or simply avoid areas with
these power facilities. Fishing gears with long ropes or cables, such as
trawlers, long-liners, and crab boats are the most likely to be
impacted. Although some accounts suggest that rockfish and other fish
attracted to solid substrates could benefit from these offshore
structures, this remains unproven for the location and type of structure
proposed, and furthermore, it is unclear whether fishermen can get close
enough to these offshore structures to reach the fish species that are
attracted to these structures.
Comments on the proposed rules:
**Lack of guidance and funding for research and monitoring.**
In general, WDFW is concerned about that lack of emphasis on research
and monitoring, and controls on the pace of development until the
effects (both impacts and benefits) of offshore energy structures are
better understood. The current climate in the energy industry is one of
abundant capitol chasing limited opportunities. These proposed rules
have no control on the size of projects, and no directed funding to
accomplish the research and monitoring necessary to resolve questions
concerning the effects on fish and wildlife resources. If large-scale
projects (e.g., hundreds or thousands of windmills, which is the scale
of development currently occurring offshore in Northern Europe) are
placed without research and monitoring, we take a risk of creating major
impacts and dealing with the decline of one or more species, or, worse
case, a major change in the ecosystem, [after]{.underline} a massive
infrastructure build-up has occurred.
Research and monitoring are essential components of an environmentally
sound development plan. This is different from presuming that the
environment will be impacted, in that it requires a preliminary
small-scale development to conduct research and monitoring. From
information we learn from research and monitoring at a small-scale, we
can make initial estimates about environmental effects, modify
structural designs to minimize impacts, and then make decisions about
further development. As some potential impacts may be an issue at larger
scale of development (e.g., whale migration), it is appropriate to
evaluate additional research questions at each stage of development.
The costs of research and monitoring will fall inequitably on the
initial developers. The current proposed rules offers no relief from
this burden. The proposed rules rely heavily on the NEPA process to
address environmental concerns. The NEPA process is most useful when the
scientific research is available to assess the environmental impacts. In
the case of offshore windmills and similar off-shore developments, we
have very little information. WDFW is concerned that excessive resources
will be expended creating thick NEPA documents that are mostly
speculative, because the core scientific research has not been
conducted.
**Lack of a Process for Mitigating Fish and Wildlife Resource Loses.**
The proposed rules provides no discussion of how mitigation for lost
fish and wildlife resources is to be accomplished. While the rules
occasionally mention 'mitigation' (e.g., 285.615 \[2\] p. 39485,
285.652\[2\] p. 39492), the tools needed to determine when and if damage
to state fish and wildlife resources have occurred remains undeveloped,
nor are the mechanisms for determining mitigation of loses (what type
and how much) remains undetermined. The rule-making package does not
have a mitigation resolution procedure. In general, the concept of
environmental impact appears to be a yes or no decision based on the
preponderance of societal benefits and costs, rather than the specific
impacts to fish and wildlife resources (e.g., 'designed not to cause
[undue]{.underline} harm or damage to natural resources...'
285.617\[e\]\[1\] p. 39485.).
The goal of WDFW's mitigation policy is to achieve no net loss of
habitat functions and values. The type of mitigation required should be
considered in the following sequence of preferences:
- Avoid the impact altogether by not taking a certain action of parts
of an action.
- Minimize the impact by limiting the degree or magnitude of the
action and its implementation.
- Rectify the impact by repairing, rehabilitating or restoring the
affected environment.
- Reduce or eliminate the impact over time by preservation and
maintenance operations during the life of the project.
- Compensate for the impact by replacing or providing substitute
resources or environments.
WDFW recommends that a more detailed development of mitigation
procedures be encoded into these proposed rules.
**Commercial and Recreational Fisheries in Offshore waters.**
These proposed rules give a brief acknowledgement to other offshore
users, e.g., 'The COP \[Construction and Operation Plan\] ... does not
unreasonably interfere with other uses of the OCS, including those
involved with national security or defense." Construction and operation
of large numbers of off-shore structures will impact some off-shore
fisheries, and either displacing fishing boats as a result of safety
concerns or as a result of snagging risks between fish gear and power
structures. Off the coast of Washington, we have significant fisheries,
and it is likely that one or more of these fisheries will make a claim
of economic damage. These proposed rules do not spell out any means of
making an initial determination of economic impact, nor any
post-construction re-assessment of economic impact. If it is determined
that some sort of economic compensation is appropriate, these proposed
rules do not identify the liable party, nor a procedural mechanism for
determining appropriate compensation (i.e., fleet reduction via vessel
buy-backs, license buyout, stipends to vessel owners, resource
enhancement, gear replacement, purchase of alternate equipment).
Fishermen, faced with no assurances of economic justice, may strenuously
oppose offshore energy development. A good rule proposal should
anticipate potential future litigation, and provide pro-active
mechanisms for resolving these disputes. On this specific issue, the
proposed rules are deficient.
**State and Local Consultation.**
The rules limit coordination and consultation with state and local
entities to one representative from the governor's office and one
[executive]{.underline} representative from local government. Clearly,
the objective here is to get consultation with a broad regional or
community perspective and consultation that has current political
backing, rather than inputs based on the narrower objectives of
individual agencies and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs). Although
this may seem advantageous to expediting decision-making, it can create
suspicion and distrust in the parties that are not at the table.
In addition, there is a risk of not utilizing the technical experts
available in state agencies, local agencies and local NGOs. These
individuals can help the executive decision-makers understand what the
resources are and what the potential risks are.
WDFW recommends that the rules include a mechanism for technical input
from state and local authorities. Such a forum would have to be
science-based, and be willing and able to respond to questions and
queries from the executive workgroups within specified deadlines. It
would not be a forum where untested or untestable hypotheses gain
credibility based on the weigh of public opinion, or the opinion of
individual interest groups.
**Other Comments.**
The proposed rules run over one hundred thirty pages and utilizes
roughly 50 different acronyms. A summary of acronyms with brief
definitions would reduce confusion considerably.
Section 285.831 p. 39432. Among other reporting requirements, collisions
between power-generating structures and whales should be reported, and
collisions between whales and vessels involved in construction and
maintenance of energy-generating structures should be reported.
Section 285.612 p. 39484. Terms and conditions on an SAP can include
pre-construction resource monitoring to resolve resource issues of
uncertainty.
Section 285.620(b) p. 39485. Alternate deconstruction plans should not
be part of the 'conceptual decommissioning plans' in a SAP. WDFW's
concern is that MMS will give the perception of consent to an Alternate
Deconstruction Plan 30 years prior to the event. Decommissioning plans
other than complete removal of the structure should be considered only
in light of the scientific information and public values immediately
prior to deconstruction.
**Conclusion.**
WDFW strongly recommends better clarification for how research on fish
and wildlife issues will be funded and how research findings be
considered in decision-making. A process is needed to estimate fish and
wildlife loses, and, when necessary, facilitates mitigation settlements
and implementation of these settlements. A process for determining
economic impacts to existing fisheries, and a process for determining
economic compensation, if necessary, are also essential parts of
rule-making. WDFW believes that any collaboration between state and
federal agencies must include a scientific forum with participation by
state and local experts on fish and wildlife resources.
Sincerely,
Mark A. Hunter
Environmental Planner 5
Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife.
| en |
markdown | 852616 | # Presentation: 852616
## Community Care for Complex Illness (3CI)
*An EPICnet Project*
- Eastern Pennsylvania Inquiry Collaborative Network
- PI: Lou Lukas, MD & Abby Letcher, MD
## EPICnet
- 25 active 115 affiliate Practices
- Current projects include ULTRA, Practice Vitality
- Family Medicine and General Internal Medicine practices
- Julie Dostal, MD director
- Melanie Johnson, coordinator
## Goals of Presentation
- Overview of a significant EPICnet initiative
- Translating organizational research into practice
## Chronic Illness- practice perspective
- Practices identified Chronic Illness a as top concern for PBRN
- Evaluating reorganization suggestions
- Chronic Care Model- Wagner/IHI
- New Model Practice- Future of Family Medicine
- Medical Home- Pediatrics/FFM
- Disease management – 3rd Party Payers
- Pay for Performance- CMS
## Chronic Illness in America
- 20% of people over age 65 have four of more chronic illnesses
- Primary care doctors provide care to most of these people.
- 1-3% have Advanced Complex Illness
- They account for more than 30% of health care expenditures
## Community Care for Complex Illness (3CI)
- Prospective, Population-based, Primary care focused systems change to improve care of people with ACI
- Practice- Hospital Network collaboration (perverse incentives)
- Initial funding by Pool Trust
## Advanced Complex Illness
- “Frequent Flyers”
- End-stage CHF, COPD, etc
- High but uncertain mortality
- Very sick, but not eligible or ready for hospice
- Palliative care perspective
- Multi-dimensional care
- Goals of Care
## Community Care for Complex Illness
- Phase I- understanding the population
- Phase II- understanding the systems
- Phase III- piloting intervention
- Phase IV- testing intervention
## Phase I-population identification and baseline data
- Inclusion criteria- CHF, COPD and/or PVD;55 years of age; or more admissions for above DX in last 18 months.
- 3000 Patients
- age 77, 51% female, 93% white
- 8379 Admissions
- 42,278 hospital days, avg LOS 5.8
- 2.5 admission/pt- rage 2-12
- Exclusion- primary cancer diagnosis, nursing home residence
## Phase I- next steps and challenges
- Next Steps
- Map patients back to PCP
- Continue descriptive statistics
- Select Pilot practices
- Challenges
- IRB/HIPPA- delay
- Accuracy of administrative data in identification of PCP/Group
## Phase II- Understanding Network
- Mixed-method study of patient and provider understanding of the “medical/social network”
- Social Network Analysis
- Qualitative interviews
- Patients
- Family members
- Physicians
- Staff
## Phase III-The Intervention
- Changing practices using insights from complexity science, CCM, Palliative care.
- Practices are complex, adaptive systems (CAS)
- They change through reflective adaptation-
- Multi Method Assessment of Practice
- Facilitated Change Model
- Relationships are key- Team building and expansion
- Chronic Illness team
- APN “consultant” in practices.
- Social/community support
## Phase IV- Evaluation & Measurement
- Practice level-MAP
- ACIC, number of visits, qualitative assessment
- Patient/family outcomes
- Satisfaction with care (PACIC)
- Caregiver burnout
- Quality of life (FACIT-P)
- Mortality
- Systems level outcomes
- Hosp admissions, ED use, length of stay, referral to hospice
- Change in SNA patterns
## Phase IV- Challenges
- Sampling- clustered by practice, stratified by?
- Inevitable mortality and uniform severity of illness may inhibit responsiveness of instruments
- Would like to measure halo effect
- Measuring emergent properties prospectively | en |
log-files | 639096 | ChangeSet@1.1280, 2003-12-13 13:54:15-02:00, dhinds@sonic.net
[PATCH] PATCH: fix PCMCIA memory resource management bug
Hi Marcelo,
o Fix PCMCIA memory resource management list traversal bug.
-- Dave
ChangeSet@1.1279, 2003-12-13 13:53:41-02:00, dhinds@sonic.net
[PATCH] PATCH: fix PCMCIA interrupt allocation
Hi Marcelo,
Please apply:
o Fix ISA/PCI PCMCIA interrupt allocation priorities.
-- Dave
ChangeSet@1.1278, 2003-12-13 13:53:30-02:00, dhinds@sonic.net
[PATCH] Re: UPD: "do_IRQ: near stack overflow" when inserting CF disk
On Fri, Dec 12, 2003 at 04:52:22PM +0100, Roger Larsson wrote:
>
> Summary:
> Some routines allocate to much stack: validate_cis?
> several subtypes in the union cisparse_t are quite
> big (>250 bytes)
> This eats stack (to much?) or only close enough to
> trigger 'stackdefer' which might stress the drivers SMPness?
Marcelo,
Please apply this patch. It reduces kernel stack usage for the PCMCIA
CIS processing code.
-- Dave
ChangeSet@1.1277, 2003-12-13 11:20:08-02:00, jt@bougret.hpl.hp.com
[PATCH] IrDA kernel log buster
Hi Marcelo,
I just ran 2.4.23, and after a few min the disk reached 100%
capacity. A quick check lead to to oversized kernel log, and to the
following changeset :
http://linux.bkbits.net:8080/linux-2.4/cset@1.1136.23.2?nav=index.html|ChangeSet@-12w
Patch to fix this problem is attached below, I've just
backported the proper fixes from 2.5.X into 2.4.X.
Probably this person did too much Python, but in C you need
braces around multiple statements part of the same branch, so the
second printf was always executed even when logging was disabled. I
also don't understand why this person didn't decided to backport the
2.5.X fix.
I'm also bit surprised that this kind of patch went into the
kernel behind my back, because I though that freeze meant not
accepting untested patch from random hacker.
Have fun...
Jean
ChangeSet@1.1276, 2003-12-13 10:56:38-02:00, marcelo@logos.cnet
Merge http://linux-mh.bkbits.net/uinput-2.4
into logos.cnet:/home/marcelo/bk/linux-2.4
ChangeSet@1.1275, 2003-12-13 10:50:56-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Undo accidental deletion of MWave config bits
===== drivers/char/Config.in 1.61 vs edited =====
ChangeSet@1.1274, 2003-12-10 18:50:18-02:00, bunk@fs.tum.de
[PATCH] Ask for CONFIG_INDYDOG only on mips
On Wed, Dec 10, 2003 at 02:23:14PM -0200, Marcelo Tosatti wrote:
>...
> Summary of changes from v2.4.23 to v2.4.24-pre1
> ============================================
>...
> Ralf Bchle:
>...
> o MIPS char driver update
>...
This change contains the following bogus change for
drivers/char/Config.in:
...
@@ -237,9 +251,6 @@
tristate ' Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 Watchdog Timer' CONFIG_EUROTECH_WDT
tristate ' IB700 SBC Watchdog Timer' CONFIG_IB700_WDT
tristate ' ICP ELectronics Wafer 5823 Watchdog' CONFIG_WAFER_WDT
- if [ "$CONFIG_SGI_IP22" = "y" ]; then
- dep_tristate ' Indy/I2 Hardware Watchdog' CONFIG_INDYDOG $CONFIG_SGI_IP22
- fi
tristate ' Intel i810 TCO timer / Watchdog' CONFIG_I810_TCO
tristate ' Mixcom Watchdog' CONFIG_MIXCOMWD
tristate ' SBC-60XX Watchdog Timer' CONFIG_60XX_WDT
@@ -256,6 +267,7 @@
fi
fi
tristate ' ZF MachZ Watchdog' CONFIG_MACHZ_WDT
+ dep_tristate ' Indy/I2 Hardware Watchdog' CONFIG_INDYDOG $CONFIG_SGI_IP22
dep_tristate ' AMD 766/768 TCO Timer/Watchdog' CONFIG_AMD7XX_TCO $CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL
fi
endmenu
...
A dependency on a possibly undefined variable doesn't work with the 2.4
config system, and "make oldconfig" asks me on i386 for CONFIG_INDYDOG.
The following patch fixes it:
ChangeSet@1.1273, 2003-12-10 18:30:50-02:00, trini@mvista.com
[PATCH] Fix rtc leak
===== arch/cris/drivers/ds1302.c 1.6 vs edited =====
ChangeSet@1.1272, 2003-12-09 21:39:08-02:00, marcelo@logos.cnet
Merge master.kernel.org:/home/davem/BK/sparc-2.4
into logos.cnet:/home/marcelo/bk/linux-2.4
TAG: v2.4.24-pre1
ChangeSet@1.1270.1.1, 2003-12-09 12:35:10-08:00, davem@nuts.ninka.net
[SPARC]: Add CONFIG_OOM_KILLER entries.
ChangeSet@1.1271, 2003-12-09 16:57:53-02:00, wli@holomorphy.com
[PATCH] fix 2.4 BLK_BOUNCE_ANY
The bitshift defining BLK_BOUNCE_ANY can overflow. This patch casts
to u64 before shifting there as well as in BLK_BOUNCE_HIGH to ensure
integer overflow does not occur.
Originally discovered by Zwane Mwaikambo during pgcl development,
submitted by me to mainline to 2.6, and already included in 2.6.
-- wli
===== include/linux/blkdev.h 1.25 vs edited =====
ChangeSet@1.1270, 2003-12-09 09:52:38-02:00, marcelo@logos.cnet
Readd the OOM killer as configurable option, defaulted to off.
ChangeSet@1.1136.73.6, 2003-12-08 21:56:39-08:00, xose@wanadoo.es
[TG3]: Add new device IDs.
ChangeSet@1.1268, 2003-12-08 17:43:11-02:00, torvalds@osdl.org
[PATCH] Fix x86 kernel page fault error codes
ChangeSet@1.1267, 2003-12-08 14:12:52-02:00, trini@kernel.crashing.org
[PATCH] Fix PPC compilation
On Mon, Dec 08, 2003 at 12:02:44PM +0200, Meelis Roos wrote:
> gcc -D__ASSEMBLY__ -D__KERNEL__ -I/home/mroos/compile/linux-2.4/include -I/home/mroos/compile/linux-2.4/arch/ppc -c -o cpu_setup_6xx.o cpu_setup_6xx.S
> cpu_setup_6xx.S: Assembler messages:
> cpu_setup_6xx.S:164: Error: Unrecognized opcode: `andi'
[ donning brown paper bag ]
Marcelo, please apply the following:
PPC32: Fix a thinko in arch/ppc/kernel/cpu_setup_6xx.S
ChangeSet@1.1266, 2003-12-08 11:31:31-02:00, geert@linux-m68k.org
[PATCH] MAINTAINERS vger.rutgers.edu
Mailing lists at vger.rutgers.edu are obsolete, use vger.kernel.org instead.
Applies to 2.4.23 and 2.6.0-test11.
ChangeSet@1.1265, 2003-12-08 11:31:11-02:00, geert@linux-m68k.org
[PATCH] Amiga Gayle IDE cleanup
Amiga Gayle IDE: Kill old test code for the IDE doubler
ChangeSet@1.1264, 2003-12-08 11:30:42-02:00, geert@linux-m68k.org
[PATCH] Mac extern
Mac: Use common header files instead of explicit extern declaration
ChangeSet@1.1263, 2003-12-08 11:30:27-02:00, geert@linux-m68k.org
[PATCH] Mac SCSI
Mac SCSI fixes (from Matthias Urlichs in 2.6.0):
- Inline functions need to be defined before being used.
- out_8() takes an address and a value, not the other way round.
ChangeSet@1.1262, 2003-12-08 11:28:46-02:00, geert@linux-m68k.org
[PATCH] Genrtc warning
Genrtc: Move code to kill warning if CONFIG_PROC_FS is disabled
ChangeSet@1.1261, 2003-12-08 11:28:23-02:00, geert@linux-m68k.org
[PATCH] NCR53C9x SCSI inline
NCR53C9x SCSI: Kill bogus inline
ChangeSet@1.1260, 2003-12-08 11:24:49-02:00, geert@linux-m68k.org
[PATCH] Amiga Buddha/CatWeasel IDE
Buddha/CatWeasel IDE: Make sure the core IDE driver doesn't try to request the
MMIO ports a second time, since this will fail.
ChangeSet@1.1259, 2003-12-08 11:24:40-02:00, geert@linux-m68k.org
[PATCH] M68k Documentation
M68k Documentation: framebuffer.txt no longer exists in the m68k directory
(from Nikita Melnikov)
ChangeSet@1.1258, 2003-12-08 09:28:55-02:00, geert@linux-m68k.org
[PATCH] M68k extern inline
M68k core: Replace (variants of) `extern inline' by `static inline'
ChangeSet@1.1257, 2003-12-08 09:28:31-02:00, geert@linux-m68k.org
[PATCH] M68k asm/system.h
M68k: Add missing #ifdef __KERNEL / #endif (from Christian T. Steigies)
ChangeSet@1.1256, 2003-12-08 09:27:30-02:00, geert@linux-m68k.org
[PATCH] Mac II VIA
Mac II VIA: Don't include <asm/init.h> directly
ChangeSet@1.1255, 2003-12-08 09:26:52-02:00, geert@linux-m68k.org
[PATCH] Amiga NCR53c710 SCSI
Amiga NCR53c710: Coalesce all Amiga NCR53c710 SCSI host adapters configuration
options into one config option, as suggested by Matthew Wilcox.
ChangeSet@1.1254, 2003-12-08 09:26:05-02:00, geert@linux-m68k.org
[PATCH] Amiga Gayle E-Matrix 530 IDE
Amiga Gayle IDE: Add support for the IDE interface on the M-Tech E-Matrix 530
expansion card
ChangeSet@1.1253, 2003-12-08 09:25:31-02:00, geert@linux-m68k.org
[PATCH] Amiga debug fix
Amiga: Fix `debug=mem' (record all kernel messages in ChipRAM): virt_to_phys()
no longer works for Zorro II memory space, we must use ZTWO_PADDR()
ChangeSet@1.1252, 2003-12-08 09:24:28-02:00, geert@linux-m68k.org
[PATCH] ncr53c7xx SCSI
ncr53c7xx: Cleanup prototypes for ncr53c7xx_init()
ChangeSet@1.1136.1.84, 2003-12-08 08:37:45-02:00, geert@linux-m68k.org
[PATCH] Mac ADB
ADB: Disable the ADB clock code when CONFIG_ADB is not selected (from Matthias
Urlichs in 2.6.0).
ChangeSet@1.1136.1.83, 2003-12-08 08:37:20-02:00, geert@linux-m68k.org
[PATCH] Macfb setup
Macfb: Update setup routine (from Matthias Urlichs in 2.6.0)
ChangeSet@1.1136.1.82, 2003-12-08 08:37:05-02:00, geert@linux-m68k.org
[PATCH] Mac ESP SCSI setup
Mac ESP SCSI: Update argument parsing (from Matthias Urlichs in 2.6.0)
ChangeSet@1.1136.1.81, 2003-12-08 08:36:39-02:00, geert@linux-m68k.org
[PATCH] Mac89x0 Ethernet
Macintosh CS89x0 Ethernet: Netif updates (from Matthias Urlichs in 2.6.0)
ChangeSet@1.1136.1.80, 2003-12-08 08:36:19-02:00, geert@linux-m68k.org
[PATCH] M68k symbol exports
M68k: Export missing symbols (from Matthias Urlichs in 2.6.0)
ChangeSet@1.1136.1.79, 2003-12-08 08:35:58-02:00, geert@linux-m68k.org
[PATCH] Mac ADB IOP fix
Mac ADB IOP: Fix improperly initialized request struct in the reset code,
causing a bogus pointer (from Matthias Urlichs in 2.6.0)
ChangeSet@1.1136.1.78, 2003-12-08 08:35:35-02:00, geert@linux-m68k.org
[PATCH] M68k cache mode
M68k: Use a constant m68k_supervisor_cachemode only if we know it's safe,
otherwise use the value from head.S (from Roman Zippel)
ChangeSet@1.1136.1.77, 2003-12-08 08:34:39-02:00, geert@linux-m68k.org
[PATCH] Zorro include guard
Zorro: Make closing include guards consistent with opening include guards
ChangeSet@1.1136.1.76, 2003-12-08 08:34:22-02:00, geert@linux-m68k.org
[PATCH] M68k RMW accesses
M68k: Avoid bus fault for certain RMW accesses (from Roman Zippel)
ChangeSet@1.1136.1.75, 2003-12-07 21:20:48-02:00, willy@debian.org
[PATCH] Remove broken file lock accounting
On Mon, Jul 01, 2002 at 11:13:55PM +0100, Matthew Wilcox wrote:
> The file lock accounting code is horribly broken (and I wrote it, I
> should know). I think the best solution to 2.4 is simply to delete it,
> at least for BSD-style flocks.
>
> Patch to follow. Note that 2.5 has the same issue, but I'll fix it
> differently there.
Here's the patch for 2.4:
ChangeSet@1.1136.1.74, 2003-12-07 15:14:54-02:00, mason@suse.com
[PATCH] From -aa tree: Fix end_buffer_io_kiobuf() locking
Must wakeup with end_buffer_io_kiobuf as last thing to be sure the
wakeup will happen on a still allocated kiobuf.
ChangeSet@1.1136.1.73, 2003-12-07 15:10:38-02:00, mikulas@artax.karlin.mff.cuni.cz
[PATCH] from -aa tree: Fix potential fsync() race condition
> 00_ll_rw_block-sync-race-1 first appeared in 2.4.21pre4aa3 - 470 bytes
>
> Add lock_page in ll_rw_block to fix a fs race
> condition. Fix suggested by Mikulas Patocka.
Yes. You have two inodes placed in the same buffer.
Process 1 modifies inode 1 and calls fsync on it. fsync initiates write of
the block. ll_rw_block returns, write is in progress.
Process 2 modifies inode 2 and calls fsync on it. Filesystem calls
ll_rw_block write on the same buffer. ll_rw_block immediatelly returns,
because it sees there is already IO on the buffer (there used to be
something like if (buffer_locked(bh)) return;). Process 2 waits on buffer.
The write finished. Both processes are waken up. Both processes return out
of fsync function. Process 2 returns from fsync while it did not write its
inode modification to disk --- it waited on process 1's write.
ChangeSet@1.1136.80.2, 2003-12-07 12:43:34-02:00, wli@holomorphy.com
[PATCH] out_of_memory() locking
On Sun, Nov 30, 2003 at 08:18:02AM -0800, William Lee Irwin III wrote:
> (1) the timestamps/etc. weren't locked, and when cpus raced, it caused
> false OOM kills
> (2) the mm could go away while scanning the tasklist, causing the thing
> to try to kill kernel threads
> Here's a preliminary backport (please do _NOT_ apply until I or someone
> tests it) for you to comment on. Basically, do you want (1) and (2)
> split out, is the basic thing okay, etc.?
out_of_memory()'s operational variables are not locked, and can be
reset by multiple cpus simultaneously, causing false OOM kills.
This patch adds an oom_lock to out_of_memory() to protect its operational
variables.
-- wli
===== mm/oom_kill.c 1.14 vs edited =====
ChangeSet@1.1136.80.1, 2003-12-06 18:43:00-02:00, marcelo@logos.cnet
Ernie Petrides: Readd exec_mmap() fastpath with correct locking
ChangeSet@1.1136.1.69, 2003-12-06 16:35:42-02:00, johnstul@us.ibm.com
[PATCH] Always make TSC available via get_cycles() when TSC is present
On Tue, 2003-11-04 at 15:22, Joel Becker wrote:
> Folks,
> Certain distributions are building all of their SMP kernels
> NUMA-aware. This is great, as the kernels support boxes like the x440
> with no trouble. However, this implicitly disables CONFIG_X86_TSC.
> While that is good for NUMA systems, and fine from a kernel timing
> standpoint, it also eliminates any generic access to the TSC via
> get_cycles(). With CONFIG_X86_TSC not defined, get_cycles() always
> returns 0.
> Given that >95% of machines will not be x440s, this means that a
> user of that kernel cannot access a high resolution timer via
> get_cycles(). I don't want to have to litter my code with rdtscll()
> when I managed to remove it!
> The proposed patch is trivial. If the system has a TSC, it is
> available get_cycles(). This makes no change to the other parts of the
> kernel protected by CONFIG_X86_TSC.
CONFIG_X86_TSC be the devil. Personally, I'd much prefer dropping the
compile time option and using dynamic detection. Something like (not
recently tested and i believe against 2.5.something, but you get the
idea):
ChangeSet@1.1136.1.68, 2003-12-06 16:25:16-02:00, wli@holomorphy.com
[PATCH] Fixup smb_boot_cpus(): Fix HT detection bug
On Wed, Dec 03, 2003 at 06:41:36PM -0500, Ethan Weinstein wrote:
> Ok, setting CONFIG_NR_CPUS=8 does indeed solve the HT issue, looks like
> it was the numbering scheme:
Something like this might do the trick. NR_CPUS is already checked
indirectly via max_cpus.
-- wli
===== arch/i386/kernel/smpboot.c 1.17 vs edited =====
ChangeSet@1.1136.79.1, 2003-12-06 14:49:55+11:00, nathans@bruce.melbourne.sgi.com
Merge nathans@xfs.org://export/hose/bkroot/linux-2.4+coreXFS
into bruce.melbourne.sgi.com:/source1/linux-2.4+coreXFS
ChangeSet@1.1136.70.12, 2003-12-06 14:30:56+11:00, nathans@bruce.melbourne.sgi.com
Add XFS documentation and incorporate XFS into the kernel build.
ChangeSet@1.1136.70.11, 2003-12-06 14:25:48+11:00, nathans@bruce.melbourne.sgi.com
Export several kernel symbols used by the XFS filesystem.
ChangeSet@1.1136.78.1, 2003-12-05 12:46:52-06:00, Matt_Domsch@dell.com
EDD: s/DISKSIG_BUFFER/DISK80_SIG_BUFFER so it compiles
bump EDD version number.
ChangeSet@1.1136.1.66, 2003-12-05 16:14:13-02:00, marcelo@logos.cnet
Merge bk://stop.crashing.org/linux-2.4.24-pre
into logos.cnet:/home/marcelo/bk/linux-2.4
ChangeSet@1.1136.1.65, 2003-12-05 15:53:34-02:00, mikpe@csd.uu.se
[PATCH] fix reboot/no_idt bug
When compiling 2.4.23 with gcc-3.3.2, gcc generates the
following warning for arch/i386/kernel/process.c:
process.c: In function `machine_restart':
process.c:427: warning: use of memory input without lvalue in asm operand 0 is deprecated
The warning identifies a real bug. no_idt is passed to
lidt with an "m" constraint, which requires an l-value.
Since no_idt is faked as an array, gcc creates an anonymous
variable pointing to no_idt and passes that to lidt(*),
so at runtime lidt sees the wrong address. Not good.
(The bug, while real, is unlikely to trigger since it
sits in an infrequently used path in the reboot code.)
The fix is to make no_idt a struct (and thus an l-lvalue)
like the other gdt/idt descriptors.
This patch is a backport of the fix Linus made for the
same bug in 2.6.0-test4.
[Andi: x86-64 appears to have the same bug]
(*) Verified by inspection of the assembly code.
/Mikael
ChangeSet@1.1136.69.7, 2003-12-05 11:39:32-02:00, cel@citi.umich.edu
[PATCH] Make readahead last page of file
hi marcelo-
i posted this a while back on fsdevel for comments, but never heard
anything. i'd like this patch to be included in 2.4.24, as it improves
NFS client read performance by a significant margin, and doesn't appear to
have any negative impact (see fsdevel archives for benchmarks). this is
against 2.4.23.
generic_file_readahead never reads the last page of a file. this means
the last page is always read synchronously by do_generic_file_read.
normally this is not an issue, as most local disk reads are fast.
however, this means that the NFS client is never given the opportunity to
coalesce the last page of a file, which must be read in a separate
synchronous read operation.
this is especially honerous if the network round trip time is long, and/or
the workload consists of reading many uncached small files.
i also explored changing the way that generic_file_readahead computes the
index of the last page of the file. the fix below appears to be the best
solution.
ChangeSet@1.1136.76.5, 2003-12-05 11:17:04-02:00, dhinds@sonic.net
[PATCH] PATCH: update/bugfix for pcnet_cs driver
Hi Marcelo,
o fixed duplex selection for DL10019 cards in pcnet_cs driver.
-- Dave
ChangeSet@1.1136.76.4, 2003-12-05 10:59:20-02:00, elenstev@mesatop.com
[PATCH] 2.4.23 update Documentation/Changes for quota-tools
This patch updates Documentation/Changes for quota-tools.
This information may be needed by those wanting to use the new quota
code (CONFIG_QFMT_V2) which went in about 6 months ago.
The patch to update ver_linux for quota-tools was applied 5 months ago,
but this part slipped through the cracks somehow.
Steven
ChangeSet@1.1136.76.3, 2003-12-05 10:33:35-02:00, aspicht@arkeia.com
[PATCH] ac97_plugin_ad1980 fixes
Hi,
I have a MSI875P Neo motherboard which includes an AD1980 codec.
I tried to use ac97_plugin_ad1980 as a module, but it failed to load because of a GPL issue. I had to add a MODULE_LICENSE("GPL") to make it work.
Also, I had to force the ADI compatibility mode to have the switch input/ouput working.
Now, it's working perfectly.
Here is the diff -u with kernel version 2.4.23
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.53, 2003-12-04 10:34:54-08:00, laforge@netfilter.org
[IPV6]: Do not bypass netfilter for MLD/IGMP messages.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.52, 2003-12-04 10:32:56-08:00, laforge@netfilter.org
[NETFILTER]: Fix ipchains MASQUERADE oops.
ChangeSet@1.1136.76.1, 2003-12-04 12:13:04-02:00, mikael.starvik@axis.com
[PATCH] CRIS architecture update
Hi Marcelo!
The attached patch contains the latest changes to the CRIS
architechture that makes it up to date with 2.4.23. Would
be nice if you could apply it for inclusion in 2.4.24. Hope
it applies without fuzz...
ChangeSet@1.1242, 2003-12-03 22:31:56-06:00, cattelan@lupo.thebarn.com
Gone dmapi
ChangeSet@1.1136.70.10, 2003-12-04 11:23:52+11:00, nathans@bruce.melbourne.sgi.com
Provide an iget variant without unlocking the inode and without the
read_inode call (iget_locked). Used by XFS and backported from 2.6.
ChangeSet@1.1136.70.9, 2003-12-04 11:18:56+11:00, nathans@bruce.melbourne.sgi.com
Provide a simple try-lock based dirty page flushing routine.
ChangeSet@1.1136.70.8, 2003-12-04 11:13:59+11:00, nathans@bruce.melbourne.sgi.com
Support for delayed allocation. Used by XFS and backported from 2.6.
ChangeSet@1.1136.70.7, 2003-12-04 11:09:52+11:00, nathans@bruce.melbourne.sgi.com
Add a process flag to identify a process performing a transaction.
Used by XFS and backported from 2.6.
ChangeSet@1.1136.70.6, 2003-12-04 11:07:43+11:00, nathans@bruce.melbourne.sgi.com
Remove some unused macros and related comment from the XFS quota header.
ChangeSet@1.1136.70.5, 2003-12-04 11:05:44+11:00, nathans@bruce.melbourne.sgi.com
Fix utimes(2) and immutable/append-only files. Originally by Ethan Benson.
ChangeSet@1.1136.45.12, 2003-12-03 08:48:57-07:00, trini@kernel.crashing.org
PPC32: Update an errata on the MPC745x line.
Motorola has decided that 7450 and 7451 do not have the BTIC
errata.
ChangeSet@1.1136.75.10, 2003-12-03 10:05:02-02:00, geert@linux-m68k.org
[PATCH] 2.4.23 ext3 warning
Kill warning if CONFIG_QUOTA is disabled.
ChangeSet@1.1136.75.9, 2003-12-03 10:04:17-02:00, geert@linux-m68k.org
[PATCH] Atyfb on Mach64 GX or Atari
Here's the latest incarnation of the atyfb fix for Mach64 GX (compiles with
warnings and cannot work) and Atari.
There's only one chance since the last version I sent in September: the probing
for the crystal frequency is now done for all chips with integrated clock
generator.
ChangeSet@1.1136.75.8, 2003-12-03 07:51:25-02:00, adam@nmt.edu
[PATCH] PATCH: 3ware driver update for 2.4.23-bk2
ChangeSet@1.1231.1.3, 2003-12-03 17:01:12+11:00, nathans@sgi.com
[XFS] Fix comment in xfs_rename.c
SGI Modid: xfs-linux:slinx:162760a
ChangeSet@1.1231.1.2, 2003-12-03 16:56:07+11:00, nathans@sgi.com
[XFS] Prevent log ktrace code from sleeping in an invalid context.
SGI Modid: xfs-linux:slinx:162768a
ChangeSet@1.1231.1.1, 2003-12-03 16:51:38+11:00, nathans@sgi.com
[XFS] Use vnode timespec modifiers for atime/mtime/ctime, keeps last code hunk in sync.
SGI Modid: xfs-linux:slinx:162782a
ChangeSet@1.1136.73.5, 2003-12-02 19:45:58-08:00, davem@nuts.ninka.net
[TG3]: Update to latest non-5705 TSO firmware.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.51, 2003-12-02 16:56:55-08:00, geert@linux-m68k.org
[NET]: Fix atm/br2684 build with procfs disabled.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.50, 2003-12-02 16:29:34-08:00, pavlin@icir.org
[RTNETLINK]: Add RTPROT_XORP.
ChangeSet@1.1136.1.63, 2003-12-02 16:20:42-07:00, bjorn.helgaas@hp.com
ia64: update default configs
ChangeSet@1.1136.75.7, 2003-12-02 15:21:27-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] MIPS network driver updates
Update the MIPS network drivers. These are all changes to MIPS specific
drivers. This patch removes the meth driver for
the SGI IP32; support for this machine is only developped for 2.6. The
gt64240eth driver supports the integrated ethernet interface of the
Galileo GT-64240 system controller.
ChangeSet@1.1136.75.6, 2003-12-02 15:08:01-02:00, mikpe@csd.uu.se
[PATCH] fix some DRM43 warnings
[Resend. Was ignored for 2.4.23-pre :-(]
This patch fixes three sources of warnings in the new 4.3 DRM code:
- drm_os_linux.h has a #warning on broken list_entry usage.
The patch backports a fix from the 2.6 code.
- radeon_drv.h has a #warning PCI posting bug.
The #warning refers to an obsolete and unused macro.
Simply remove it. It's also gone from the 2.6 code.
- drm_agpsupport.h generates a gcc warning on an assignment
used as a truth value.
The patch backports a fix from the 2.6 code.
These changes are well-tested: they have been in 2.6 for ages,
and I've been running them in 2.4.23-pre/rc for months.
Please apply.
/Mikael
ChangeSet@1.1136.75.5, 2003-12-02 15:06:32-02:00, pp@ee.oulu.fi
[PATCH] 2.4 lacks dummy SET_NETDEV_DEV
I agree, someone should merge in the dummy SET_NETDEV_DEV once
Marcelo starts up 2.4.24-preX
Ping :-)
ChangeSet@1.1136.75.4, 2003-12-02 12:02:00-02:00, neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au
[PATCH] Drop module count if lockd reclaimer thread failed to start.
----------- Diffstat output ------------
./fs/lockd/clntlock.c | 3 ++-
1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
ChangeSet@1.1136.75.3, 2003-12-02 12:01:27-02:00, neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au
[PATCH] Honour SUN NFSv2 hack for "set times to server time.
>From Greg Banks <gnb@melbourne.sgi.com>,
see comment in code.
----------- Diffstat output ------------
./fs/nfsd/nfsxdr.c | 11 +++++++++++
1 files changed, 11 insertions(+)
ChangeSet@1.1136.75.2, 2003-12-02 11:58:06-02:00, neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au
[PATCH] Make root a special case for per-user process limits.
This is needed because when a setuid-root program calls
setuid(0) to become really-root, p->user becomes root_user,
but ->rlim stays as the original user's limit, and now
the process cannot fork - becuase root has more processes than
the original user had.
The real problem is that NPROC is not really a per-process limit,
but its a per-user limit, and including it with the rlim structure
was not a good idea :-(
This fix is already in 2.6
----------- Diffstat output ------------
./kernel/fork.c | 1 +
1 files changed, 1 insertion(+)
ChangeSet@1.1136.74.9, 2003-12-02 11:29:52-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Misc MIPS video bits
ChangeSet@1.1136.74.8, 2003-12-02 11:27:56-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Supply default values to rtc.c
This supplies default values (from PC-ish architectures) to the rtc.c
driver.
ChangeSet@1.1136.74.7, 2003-12-02 11:26:51-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] No stone-age compat stuff for MIPS
Yeah ugly, let's add one more to that expression ... Somehow the logic of
this expression is the wrong way but heck, this is 2.4 ...
ChangeSet@1.1136.74.6, 2003-12-02 11:26:08-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Cleanup lk201-map.c
drivers/tc/lk201-map.c is a generated file so needs to be removed on
make distclean.
ChangeSet@1.1136.74.5, 2003-12-02 11:25:55-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Remove remaining drivers/sgi bits
ChangeSet@1.1136.74.4, 2003-12-02 11:25:48-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] MIPS ioaddr_t is 32-bit
ChangeSet@1.1136.74.3, 2003-12-02 11:25:34-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Add more MIPS bits in <linux/elf.h>
ChangeSet@1.1136.74.2, 2003-12-02 11:25:25-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Include <asm/system.h> into spinlock.h
<linux/spinlock.h> uses local_irq_save() etc. from <asm/spinlock.h> but
relies on this header file having been dragged in on some other way.
So if things are just right the build may blow up ...
ChangeSet@1.1136.74.1, 2003-12-02 10:37:25-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] New PCMCIA drivers
Add PCMCIA bridge drivers for AMD Alchemy Au1x00, NEC VRc4173 and Sibyte.
ChangeSet@1.1136.73.4, 2003-12-02 02:26:36-08:00, davem@nuts.ninka.net
[TG3]: Update version and release date.
ChangeSet@1.1136.73.3, 2003-12-02 02:16:23-08:00, davem@nuts.ninka.net
[TG3]: Clear on-chip stats/status block after resetting flow-through queues.
On systems where the config cycles might take a long time, we
can end up with the ASF firmware using the FTQs before we get
to resetting them.
ChangeSet@1.1136.73.2, 2003-12-02 02:09:52-08:00, davem@nuts.ninka.net
[TG3]: Do not set RX_MODE_KEEP_VLAN_TAG when ASF is enabled.
ChangeSet@1.1136.73.1, 2003-12-02 02:01:49-08:00, davem@nuts.ninka.net
[TG3]: Do not drop existing GRC_MODE_HOST_STACKUP when writing to GRC_MODE.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.48, 2003-12-02 01:43:17-08:00, kaber@trash.net
[NETFILTER]: Export conntrack bucket count via read-only sysctl.
With help from Harald Welte.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.47, 2003-12-02 01:41:36-08:00, kadlec@blackhole.kfki.hu
[NETFILTER]: Avoid order n^2 lookup of whole conntrack hash in ip_ct_selective_cleanup().
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.46, 2003-12-02 01:38:04-08:00, kaber@trash.net
[NETFILTER]: Fix expectation evict order
This patch fixes the order in which expectations are evicted when a helper
specifies IP_CT_HELPER_F_REUSE_EXPECT. Prior to that patch, each new
expectation is added at the beginning of the masters sibling list. When
max_expected is reached, the first non-established one on the list is reused
(which gave LIFO behaviour).
The patch
- adds new expectations at the end of the masters sibling list
- uses list_for_each_entry for finding the oldes one
- changes nat core to walk backwards throuth the sibling list when calling
nat helpers
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.45, 2003-12-02 01:35:05-08:00, kadlec@blackhole.kfki.hu
[NETFILTER]: Use list macros instead of reimplementation.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.44, 2003-12-02 01:30:36-08:00, shemminger@osdl.org
[NETFILTER]: Trivial -- Get rid of warnings in netfilter if /proc is not configured on.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.43, 2003-12-02 01:29:27-08:00, kaber@trash.net
[NETFILTER]: Fix various issues with the amanda conntrack+NAT helpers
ip_conntrack_amanda:
- udp checksum checked even if not set
- memory not validated to be inside packet at all or validated like
this: if (*data and data < data_limit)
- would create expectation with port 0 which makes nat-helper throw away
packet (which makes exploiting the race-condition trivial even on UP)
- expectation had no mask.src.* set so connections were accepted from
anywhere
- helper_unregister called after failed helper_register
ip_nat_amanda:
- drops packet if amanda_data_fixup fails without clearing the offset
field in the expectation which is used as a flag to indicate that the
current packet needs mangling. Problem arises from the fact that the
conntrack helper creates multiple expectations at once and even if it
clears the offset field for the current expectation the following
expectations will not have it cleared and will mangle the next packet
they see.
- same unregister after failed register problem
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.42, 2003-12-02 01:27:14-08:00, laforge@netfilter.org
[NETFILTER]: Kill extraneous memset()s in nat/conntrack TFTP code.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.41, 2003-12-02 01:25:27-08:00, rusty@rustcorp.com.au
[NETFILTER]: Do not flush MASQ if IP did not change.
Herve Eychenne noted that many ADSL connections get the same
address when the interface comes back up, so some users use SNAT
instead of masquerade. The answer is that MASQUERADE should only
drop connections when the interface comes up, and then only if the
interface address has actually changed.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.40, 2003-12-01 22:35:24-08:00, davem@nuts.ninka.net
[VLAN]: Kill build warning due to missing declarations.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.39, 2003-12-01 21:51:38-08:00, davem@nuts.ninka.net
Merge nuts.ninka.net:/disk1/davem/BK/net-work-2.4
into nuts.ninka.net:/disk1/davem/BK/net-2.4
ChangeSet@1.1136.1.62, 2003-12-01 12:54:06-07:00, kaos@sgi.com
ia64: sync salinfo.c with 2.6 (suser -> capable, use standard macros).
Make salinfo.c more compatible with 2.6. This is the 2.4 bit of
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-ia64&m=106974968032730&w=2
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.38, 2003-12-01 17:51:56-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Add IP22 parallel port driver
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.37, 2003-12-01 17:51:01-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Add Pete Popov to CREDITS
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.36, 2003-12-01 17:50:46-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Probe SGI partitions earlier
Probe the disk volume header earlier so in case of doubt partitions will be
recogniced as Disk Volume Header partitions instead of MSDOS style
partitions. The is a problem at times on SGI system where both types of
partitions are activated.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.35, 2003-12-01 17:50:01-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Add two new NEC PCI IDs
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.34, 2003-12-01 17:49:47-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Fix VRc5477 remove method declaration
ChangeSet@1.1136.45.11, 2003-12-01 12:49:10-07:00, trini@kernel.crashing.org
PPC32: Print the correct ammount of memory not covered by BATs.
From Mich Lanners <mlan@cpu.lu>.
ChangeSet@1.1136.45.10, 2003-12-01 12:47:16-07:00, trini@kernel.crashing.org
PPC32: gcc-3.4 build fixes from Olaf Hering <olh@suse.de>.
ChangeSet@1.1136.1.61, 2003-12-01 12:43:59-07:00, davidm@tiger.hpl.hp.com
ia64: Fix a bug in sigtramp() which corrupted ar.rnat when unwinding
across a signal trampoline (in user space). Reported by
Laurent Morichetti.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.33, 2003-12-01 17:43:30-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Add GT-064011/GT-64111 PCI ID
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.32, 2003-12-01 17:43:20-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Update NEC Osprey defconfig
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.31, 2003-12-01 17:42:51-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] ARC library updates
New flag PROM_FLAG_DONT_FREE_TEMP to tell the ARC library to not free
firmware memory. This is needed for the buggy SNI RM200 firmware which
passed wrong values. Remove IP32 ARC bits.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.30, 2003-12-01 17:42:36-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Update Philips Nino defconfig
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.29, 2003-12-01 17:42:18-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Update Cobalt defconfig file
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.28, 2003-12-01 17:42:06-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Update Ocelot defconfig
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.27, 2003-12-01 17:39:42-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Update HP Laserjet
Update HP Laserjet defconfig file.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.26, 2003-12-01 17:39:30-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Update Jazz
Change extern inline to static inline. Make a little attempt to implement
proper locking for the Jazz DMA allocator. Reformat to Linux style.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.25, 2003-12-01 17:39:09-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] DEC updates
Update the DECstation support code to use the new HPT code; update
defconfig file.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.24, 2003-12-01 17:38:27-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Galileo boards
Update the defconfigs for the Galileo EV-64120 and EV-96100 eval boards.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.23, 2003-12-01 17:37:14-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] ITE updates
Update ITE8172 and IVR code to use the new high precision time code; update
defconfigs.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.22, 2003-12-01 17:36:33-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] NEC DDB updates
This updates the defconfig for two of the NEC DDB eval boards; is also
changes the time code to use the new MIPS high precision timer code.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.21, 2003-12-01 17:35:55-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] SGI I2C driver
This adds the I2C driver for the Indy and yet another SGI system. This
driver is required in order to use the VINO and Indycam drivers.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.20, 2003-12-01 17:34:54-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Update JMR3927 support
Update the default config and RTC code for the JMR3927.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.19, 2003-12-01 17:34:24-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Sibyte updates
Various minor fixes for the SB1125 and SB1250 support code.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.18, 2003-12-01 17:33:41-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Update sgiwd93 driver
Cleanup the mess that the sgiwd93 SCSI driver was. Primary intend was
to get rid of MIPS-specific APIs in favor for equivalent generic APIs.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.17, 2003-12-01 17:33:01-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Update Atlas, Malta and SEAD boards
Update the board support code for the MIPS Atlas, Malta and SEAD boards.
Minor changes to the time and interrupt code and a formatting change
plus update of the kernel config files.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.16, 2003-12-01 17:28:53-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] MIPS video driver updates
This updates some of the video drivers for Digital's DECstation workstations
and the AMD Alchemy Au1100 framebuffer driver.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.15, 2003-12-01 17:26:01-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Update Origin code
Header micro-cleanup and updated default configuration files.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.14, 2003-12-01 17:25:38-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] MIPS char driver update
Minor fix for reading the hour from the DS1286 / DS1386 driver used in
Indys. New RTC driver for the Dallas DS1742 which is used on the RBTX4927.
Misc fixes and updates to the dz.c driver; disabled debugging code in dz.c.
Change rtc.c which really should get a different name because surprise not
everybody in the world uses the same RTC chip to support memory mapped
RTC chips properly. This is needed for Digital's DECstations.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.13, 2003-12-01 17:23:12-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Update TX4927 code
This updates code to support for Toshiba's RXTX4927 evaluation board.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.12, 2003-12-01 17:20:06-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Update for NEC VR41xx systems
Update support for NEC VR41xx systems.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.11, 2003-12-01 17:19:42-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Update support for Lasat boards
Update the support for Lasat 100 and Lasat 200 systems.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.10, 2003-12-01 17:19:21-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Update RM200 C support
Update the default config file for the SNI RM200 C.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.9, 2003-12-01 17:19:07-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Update SGI IP22 support
Fix 64-bit kernel for IP22. Plenty of cleanups. Update the Indy's
HAL2 sound driver.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.8, 2003-12-01 17:08:51-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Add VINO and Indycam drivers
Add drivers for the Indycam and VINO hardware of the SGI Indy.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.7, 2003-12-01 17:07:22-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Add support for Momentum Ocelot C and Jaguar ATX
Add support for Momentum's CompactPCI Ocelot C system and the ATX
form factor Jaguar ATX board.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.6, 2003-12-01 17:06:42-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Remove support for compressed EV-64120 kernels
Remove support for compressed kernels on EV-64120. This code was carrying
half a firmware in it's baggage, introduced yet another copy of zlib and
in general was just unmaintained and ugly beyond believe ...
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.5, 2003-12-01 17:00:36-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] AMD Alchemy updates
Update of MIPS Alchemy code including PCMCIA and sound driver and default
configuration files for various evaluation boards and systems.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.4, 2003-12-01 16:59:08-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] mips64 updates
Update the generic mips64 code. Support for the RM9000 and VR4133
processors. Fixes to the o32 / N32 binary compatibility code, spelling
fixes. Change the linker script such that ECOFF conversion using
elf2ecoff works again. Partial support for compile time configurable
support of 4k, 16k and 64k page size. Fixes to RM7000 second level
cache handling.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.3, 2003-12-01 16:57:42-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Update generic MIPS code
Update the generic MIPS code. Highlights is support for PMC-Sierra's
new RM9000 processor; also plenty of small bug fixes.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.2, 2003-12-01 16:56:43-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] Update MIPS MAINTAINERS entries
Update a few MIPS entries in MAINTAINERS.
ChangeSet@1.1136.72.1, 2003-12-01 16:56:36-02:00, ralf@linux-mips.org
[PATCH] MIPS Configure.help updates
Updates the MIPS Documentation/Configure.help bits.
ChangeSet@1.1136.1.60, 2003-12-01 11:51:55-07:00, davidm@tiger.hpl.hp.com
ia64: Fix a alternate-signal-stack bug which could corrupt RNaT bits
when bspstore happened to point to an RNaT-slot.
Bug reported by Matt Chapman.
ChangeSet@1.1136.70.2, 2003-12-01 09:23:57-06:00, Matt_Domsch@dell.com
Merge dell.com:/home/mdomsch/bk/linux-2.4
into dell.com:/home/mdomsch/bk/edd/linux-2.4-edd-disksig
ChangeSet@1.1231, 2003-12-01 10:36:38+11:00, nathans@bruce.melbourne.sgi.com
[XFS] Remove some unused pagebuf source and header files.
ChangeSet@1.1230, 2003-12-01 10:21:09+11:00, nathans@sgi.com
[XFS] Add the noikeep mount option, make ikeep the default for now.
SGI Modid: xfs-linux:slinx:162621a
ChangeSet@1.1229, 2003-12-01 10:05:21+11:00, nathans@sgi.com
[XFS] Update the way we hook into the generic direct IO code so we share more code. This means we no longer need to dup remove_suid within xfs_write_clear_setuid.
SGI Modid: xfs-linux:slinx:162446a
ChangeSet@1.1228, 2003-12-01 09:59:33+11:00, nathans@sgi.com
[XFS] Convert to revised kmem shake interface.
SGI Modid: xfs-linux:slinx:162426a
ChangeSet@1.1227, 2003-12-01 09:56:21+11:00, nathans@sgi.com
[XFS] Use a kmem shaking interface for 2.4 which is much more like the 2.6 one.
SGI Modid: xfs-linux:slinx:162377a
ChangeSet@1.1136.71.1, 2003-11-30 20:13:06+01:00, marcel@holtmann.org
[PATCH] User level driver support for input subsystem
This driver adds support for user level drivers for input
subsystem accessible under char device /dev/input/uinput.
ChangeSet@1.1136.70.1, 2003-11-30 14:55:41-02:00, marcelo@logos.cnet
Changed Makefile to 2.4.23
TAG: v2.4.23
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affect a community\'s education, health care, and recreational services.
Of course, we should not expect a new technology to roll out immediately
to everyone. There are likely to be some geographic or socioeconomic
disparities as new services are deployed. Our job is to ensure that such
disparities are short-lived. We have an opportunity to ensure that any
gap today does not become a chasm tomorrow. Indeed, I see the digital
revolution not as a digital divide, but as a digital opportunity. The
Internet did not create poverty. The Internet did not create substandard
health care. The Internet did not create inadequate housing. The
Internet did not create illiteracy. And the Internet did not create
abusive conditions. But - if we care enough - the Internet uniquely may
offer solutions, previously beyond imagination, that can help address
poverty, health care, housing, education and violence.Identifying
BarriersThe question therefore is how can we all work together to ensure
that communities do not get left behind. How do we facilitate access by
all to this information treasure trove? How do we make sure that it
reaches all areas of the globe?Here is what we do not want to do.
Governments should take care not to stifle the growth of the Internet by
imposing unnecessary regulation. As a Commissioner at the Federal
Communications Commission, I strive to follow the law, but there is one
that I try to avoid . . . the law of unintended consequences. The
Internet has grown exponentially with minimal government regulation,
subject instead to the competitive marketplace principles of openness
and connectivity. Each of us approaches the Internet from a different
historic, legal, and cultural setting. But let us \-- together \-- take
care to preserve the vibrant and dynamic nature of the Internet. And
there are other steps that we should undertake, together. Our biggest
challenge as government and community leaders is to identify and
eliminate any barriers that might exist to the deployment of new
technologies that deliver Internet access to one and all. The amount of
investment in telecommunications infrastructure today is staggering. I
am delighted that companies in virtually all sectors of the
communications industry are rushing to deploy broadband services that
provide high-speed access to the Internet. Cable, DSL, satellite,
wireless, and even broadcast broadband solutions are in play. My role as
a government official is not to pick winners and losers. Rather, we seek
a climate that encourages all companies to invest and innovate.
Different broadband access technologies work better in different
locations and circumstances. Wireless and satellite services, for
example, may more easily reach consumers in remote areas, including
those in parts of the world that are currently unserved by copper wires.
If we are successful in unleashing capital, it is more likely that
consumers will gain access to the technology that best meets their
needs. Countries can approach this goal in different ways. In the U.S.,
we seek to eliminate unnecessary regulation that may adversely affect
investment and competition. For example, we are looking for innovative
ways to make more spectrum available. We are facilitating the use of
unlicensed spectrum which, with little capital outlay, can provide
high-speed Internet access. We are encouraging the development of
promising new technologies. The US Congress is considering various tax
credit proposals to facilitate deployment in rural and other areas that
are at risk of not being served. And we at the FCC have expanded our
universal service program to provide very low cost telephone service on
Indian tribal lands, where teledensity has lagged well below that of
other geographic areas.E-RateBesides eliminating barriers, we have
undertaken efforts to bring advanced technologies to communities. One
extremely successful initiative is the E-Rate program that earmarks up
to \$2.25 billion per year in discounts to help link classrooms and
libraries to the IÜ¥e2#À 2222222222222222ñ22
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2222Arial2§2222Times New Roman2Remarks ofThe Honorable Susan Ness
Federal Communications CommissionInstitut Aspen -France Fourth Annual
International Information Society ConferenceLyon, FranceMarch 3,
2001Collective Action in the Face of the Digital DivideIntroductionMerci
beaucoup, Mr. le Premier Ministre.It is a pleasure in this magnificent
setting of the Fine Arts Museum to speak about the Digital Divide. Mr.
Barre informed me during dinner that this magnificent building once
served as a monastery.That brings to mind the following story: Seems
there once was a traveler who was crossing the desert when his car died.
Fortunately, he was just outside a monastery. He persuaded the monks to
sell him a mule so that he could complete his journey. The monk
explained that the mule was raised in the monastery, and as a result it
only understood religious commands. The command for \"go,\" said the
monk, is \"thank heaven.\" To go faster, he told the traveler, you need
to say \"Thank heaven! Thank heaven!\" And to stop, you should say
\"Amen.\" So the man mounted the mule and said, \"thank heaven.\" Sure
enough, the mule began to move. Wanting to go faster, the man said
\"Thank heaven! Thank heaven!\" and the mule sped along at a faster
clip. Emboldened by his success, the man decided to increase his speed,
and so he said, \"Thank heaven! Thank heaven! Thank heaven!\" \-- and
the mule took off like lightning. But suddenly, to his horror, the man
saw that they were rapidly approaching the edge of a huge canyon.
\"Stop! stop! stop!\" he yelled \-- to no avail. Just as the animal\'s
hooves reached the edge of the precipice, he remembered to scream,
\"Amen!\" Miraculously, the mule stopped \-- right at the edge.
\"Whew,\" said the traveler, \"thank heaven!\"Well, I say "thank
heaven." Thank heaven that access to the Internet and broadband
technology is galloping along, but we need to avoid - or bridge \-- any
chasms.Thank heaven that we have government, business, academic and
community leaders gathering together in conferences like this one not
just to discuss the problems of a digital divide, but to consider
collective action to craft solutions. The Information RevolutionSo, one
might ask, why is it so important that this extraordinary technology be
widely available? The answer is clear: we are in the middle of an
economic revolution. When I became a Commissioner at the FCC in 1994,
the public Internet and the World Wide Web were just being launched.
Today, over 100 million people are online in the United States alone,
with hundreds of millions more worldwide. The Internet is fundamentally
changing the way we work, learn, and play. The digital tools of this
century have the power to unlock doors of opportunity for people
everywhere. And all of us have a vital role to play - we must make sure
that those doors are open for all, and not locked shut for some.Indeed,
participation in a new economy that is increasingly dependent on
communications and information requires access to advanced technology.It
is appropriate that we are having this conference in Lyon. This city has
prospered since ancient times due to its location at the confluence of
rivers that form a network connecting Europe. Advanced communications
are the rivers that will bring economic prosperity in the 21st century
The beauty of the Internet is that you can do business from virtually
any location. Craftsmen in a remote village, for example, can sell their
goods through a website that is accessible to people around the world.
Problems arise, however, when some geographic areas or demographic
groups do not have access to high tech tools, and thus are left out of
the communications revolution. Lack of access could have a devastating
impact on jobs, population growth, and economic prosperity. Lack of
access can anternet. After three years of the program, 95% of public
schools and 63% of classrooms have been connected to the Internet. The
E-Rate has played an important role in narrowing the digital divide in
our country. We target greater discounts to those who need them the
most - those living in economically disadvantaged and rural areas.
Indeed, school districts in which over half of the children are
low-income received 60 percent of the E-Rate funds. We also allow each
institution to select the services the community needs to ensure the
most effective use of the funds. The funds are collected from interstate
carriers and distributed by a private sector board of
directors.Community EffortsThere is much that can be done at the local
level. Often, the best solutions are crafted by those closest to the
consumer. Communities know firsthand the challenges that they face.Last
year, we convened a Joint Conference with our counterparts on the state
regulatory commissions to review community-based deployment efforts and
to identify "best practices." We learned that entities like governments,
schools, and hospitals can serve as anchor tenants to attract new
services and to serve as a springboard for additional deployment. And we
visited communities that successfully aggregated customer demand to
encourage companies to upgrade facilities. Also, the private sector
plays a critical role in bridging the digital divide. Companies, of
course, are the ones investing and innovating to deploy the networks
that will bring advanced services to communities around the globe.
Public/private partnerships offer great potential for extending
broadband access to underserved communities. One such community knows no
geographic bounds - people with disabilities. Over forty chief
executives of high-tech and telecommunications companies recently
pledged to develop and market products and services that are accessible
to those with disabilities.Companies such as Microsoft are donating
computers to schools and libraries. Intel's "Teach for the Future"
program provides teachers with the training they need to incorporate
advanced technologies into the classroom. And Cisco's "Networking
Academy" is training over 180,000 students around the globe to design,
build, and maintain computer networks in their schools. I commend these
and other companies that have demonstrated a commitment to provide
access to the Internet and to broadband technologies. I urge others to
join our efforts to expand opportunities for, and unleash the potential
of, all people.ConclusionEmpowering individuals and communities is part
of what broadband is all about. Communities around the world are
realizing that the Internet has the power to transform their lives and
revitalize their economy.Thank heaven. Thank heaven a person in a remote
location can now be diagnosed and treated by a specialist who may be
thousands of miles away. Thank heaven a child can learn from a world of
information - perhaps including access to the artwork in this
extraordinary museum \-- without leaving her classroom. Thank heaven a
person with a disability can communicate with others in ways that were
previously unattainable, and Thank heaven villages around the globe can
develop new industries and remain viable in the Information Age.We are
here all with a common purpose - to create a bright technological future
for every farmer, every factory worker, and every child. By working
together, we can ensure that no chasm develops that stops our progress.
Amen.Thank
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| en |
converted_docs | 811941 | **APPENDIX B**
**DEBT COLLECTION SERVICE**
The U.S. Department of Education (ED), Office of Postsecondary
Education, Student Financial Assistance Programs, Debt Collection
Services performs collection and administrative resolution activities on
debts resulting from non-payment of student loans made under the Federal
Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program: Stafford Loans \[formerly the
Guaranteed Student Loan Program and including Federally Insured Student
Loans\], Supplemental Loans for Students, PLUS Loans \[formerly Parental
Loans for Undergraduate Students\], and Consolidation Loans; the William
D. Ford Federal Direct Student Loan (Direct Loan) Program (formerly
known as the Federal Direct Student Loan Program): Federal Direct
Stafford/Ford Loan Program, Federal Direct Unsubsidized Stafford/Ford
Loan Program, Federal Direct Consolidation Loan, and Federal Direct Plus
Loans; and Federal Perkins Loans \[formerly National Direct/Defense
Student Loans\]. ED conducts similar collection and administrative
resolution activities on debts resulting from a student\'s failure to
fulfill grant requirements under the Pell Grant Program and the
Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant Program.
**Background - The Programs**
The ED-Debt Collection System is designed to track collection activity
on various types of educational debts owed to ED. A brief description
for each of the loan and grant programs are listed below.
A. Federal Family Education Loan Programs
1\) Stafford Loan Program
The Stafford Loans \[formerly the Guaranteed Student Loan {GSL}
Program\] is authorized by Title IV, Part B of the Higher Education Act
of 1965, as amended (the HEA) (20 U.S.C. 1071 et seq.). These loans are
made by participating lending institutions using non-Federal funds. The
loans are either guaranteed by state or private non-profit guarantee
agencies and reinsured by the Federal Government, or are insured
directly by the Federal Government. The guarantee agencies, lenders or
subsequent note holders shall adhere to the due diligence requirements
in making, disbursing, servicing and collecting loans as outlined in the
applicable regulations, 34 CFR 682.206-208; 34 CFR 682.411; and 34 CFR
682.507.
2\) Supplemental Loans for Students
The Supplemental Loans for Students (SLS) is authorized by section 428A
of the HEA (20 U.S.C. 1087-1). Under the SLS Program, loans are made by
banks and other financial institutions to independent undergraduate,
graduate, and professional students with similar due diligence
requirements for all note holders.
3\) Consolidation Loan Program
The Consolidation Loan Program (CLP) is authorized by section 439(o) of
the HEA (20 U.S.C. 1087-2(o)). Under the consolidation loan program, the
Student Loan Marketing Association (SLMA), guarantee agencies, and
certain eligible lenders make loans to consolidate all of a borrower\'s
education financed student loans, except for PLUS loans. Once these
loans are granted, applicable due diligence is required of all note
holders.
4\) Parental Loans for Undergraduate Students
The PLUS Loans \[formerly Parental Loans for Undergraduate Students\] is
authorized by section 428B of HEA (20 U.S.C. 1078-2). Under the PLUS
program, loans are made by banks and other financial institutions to
parents of dependent students. Certain regulatory due diligence shall be
followed by all note holders.
B. William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program
Under the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan (Direct Loan) Program, the
Secretary makes loans to enable a student or parent to pay the costs of
the student\'s attendance at a postsecondary school.
1\) Federal Direct Stafford/Ford Loan Program
The Federal Direct Stafford/Ford Loan Program is authorized by Title IV,
Part D of the HEA (20 U.S.C. 1087a et seq.). Loans made under this
program are referred to as Direct Subsidized Loans. This program
provides loans to undergraduate, graduate, and professional students
attending Direct Loan Program schools. The Secretary subsidizes the
interest while the borrower is in an in-school, grace, or deferment
period.
2\) Federal Direct Unsubsidized Stafford/Ford Loan Program
The Federal Direct Unsubsidized Stafford/Ford Loan Program is authorized
by Title IV, Part D of the HEA (20 U.S.C. 1087a et seq.). Loans made
under this program are referred to as Direct Unsubsidized Loans. This
program provides loans to undergraduate, graduate, and professional
students attending Direct Loan Program Schools. The borrower is
responsible for the interest that accrues during any period.
3\) Federal Direct PLUS Program
The Federal Direct PLUS Program is authorized by Title IV, Part D of the
HEA (20 U.S.C. 1087a et seq.). This program provides loans to parents of
dependent students attending schools that participate in the Direct Loan
Program. The borrower is responsible for the interest that accrues
during any period.
4\) Federal Direct Consolidation Loan Program
The Federal Direct Consolidation Loan Program is authorized by Title IV,
Part D of the HEA (20 U.S.C. 1087a et seq.). This program provides loans
to borrowers who consolidate certain Federal education loans, and one of
the components of the Direct Loan Program. There are three types of
Direct Consolidation Loans:
\(a\) Direct Subsidized Consolidation Loans: Subsidized Title IV
education loans may be consolidated. Interest is not charged to the
borrower during in-school and deferment periods.
\(b\) Direct Unsubsidized Consolidation Loans: Certain Federal education
loans may be consolidated into a Direct Unsubsidized Consolidation Loan.
The borrower is responsible for the interest that accrues during any
period.
\(c\) Direct Plus Consolidation Loans: Parent Loans for Undergraduate
Students, Federal PLUS, and Direct PLUS may be consolidated into a
Direct PLUS Consolidation Loan. The borrower is responsible for the
interest that accrues during any period.
C. Perkins Loan Program
The Perkins Loan Program \[formerly the National Defense/Direct Student
Loans {NDSL} Program\] is authorized by Title IV, Part E of the HEA (20
U.S.C. section 1087aa et seq.). Under this program, ED assists in the
establishment and maintenance of revolving loan funds at institutions of
higher education to provide low-interest, long-term loans to help
financially needy students pay their educational costs. Students shall
apply directly to their schools to participate in the Perkins Loan
program.
Perkins regulations, 34 CFR Part 674 Subpart C, require schools to
exercise due diligence in the collection of Perkins accounts. However,
in 1979, because of rising institutional Perkins default rate, ED
implemented provisions of the HEA, whereby schools could submit
defaulted loans to ED for additional collection activity (20 U.S.C.
Section 1087cc (a)).
D. Pell Grant Program
The Pell Grant Program is authorized by section 411 of the HEA (20
U.S.C. section 1070a et seg.). An individual student\'s award is based
upon his/her enrollment status, the cost of attendance at the
institution, and his/her Student Aid Index. Using this information and
the Pell Grant Payment Schedule for the appropriate year, the financial
aid officer at the institution calculates the student award.
When a student receives a grant greater that he/she is entitled to
receive, he/she is considered to have received an overpayment.
Overpayments may occur through incorrect calculation of an award,
through incorrect information reported by a student on his/her financial
aid application, a student dropping/withdrawing from class or a
student\'s failure to make satisfactory academic progress. If the
overpayment is not caused by an institutional error, the recipient is
liable. In these cases, an institution shall submit the account to ED
for collections as outlined in the Pell Grant regulations, 34 CFR
690.79, whenever the institution encounters serious difficulty in
collecting the overpayment.
E. Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant Program
The Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant (SEOG) program is
authorized under section 413A et seq. of the HEA (20 U.S.C. section
1070b et seq.). The program was initially authorized and incorporated
into the Higher Education Act by the Education Amendments of 1972
(Public Law 92-318). It superseded the Educational Opportunity Grants
Program that was established in 1965 by the Higher Education Act. These
grants are provided to undergraduate students with exceptional financial
need, with priority given to Pell Grant recipients. As with the Pell
Grant Program, whenever an institution encounters serious difficulty in
collecting the overpayment, the institution shall submit the account to
ED for collection.
Laws and Regulations Governing Collection Activity
The principal statutes and regulations governing ED\'s collection
activity are listed below. The contractor is required to comply with all
applicable Federal and State laws relating to debt collection and the
Privacy Act. Failure to comply will result in immediate punitive measure
and/or termination of the contract agreement.
\-- Title IV, Part B of the HEA (20 U.S.C. 1071 et seq.) and the
implementing regulations (34 CFR Part 682 \-- formerly 45 CFR Part 177);
Title IV, Part E of the HEA (20 U.S.C. 1087aa et seq.) and implementing
regulations (34 CFR Part 674 \-- formerly 45 CFR Part 174): and other
provisions of Title IV of the Higher Education Act, as amended,
including 20 U.S.C. 1091a and 1095a.
\-- The Federal Claims Collection Standards (4 CFR Parts 101-105).
\-- The Bankruptcy Code, as amended (11 U.S.C. 101 et seq.), especially
523(a)(8)(B).
\-- The Privacy Act of 1974 (5 U.S.C. 522a).
\-- ED Debt Collection Regulations (34 CFR Part 30).
**[ADDITIONAL DCS VOLUMES]{.underline}**
**DCS NON-CONTROLLED CORRESPONDENCE**
**ESTIMATED ANNUAL VOLUME**
Responses with standard form letter requiring 15,000
research via ED-DMCS
Response with standard paragraphs and/or 34,500
individual composition, requiring research
via ED-DMCS
Credit bureau inquiries requiring research 26,000
via ED-DMCS
Mortgage inquiries requiring research via 7,500
ED-DMCS
Financial status statements requiring 19,000
research via ED-DMCS
**DCS CONTROLLED CORRESPONDENCE**
**ESTIMATED ANNUAL VOLUME**
Responses with standard paragraphs
requiring research via ED-DMCS 800
Responses with standard paragraphs and/or 1,400
individual composition requiring research
via ED-DMCS and/or account file
Responses with standard paragraphs and/or 600
individual composition requiring research via
ED-DMCS and/or account fle, and/or extensive
research
**ESTIMATED ANNUAL VOLUME OF BANKRUPTCY**
**DOCUMENTATION**
Bankruptcy Document -
Not on ED-DMCS 15,000
Bankruptcy Document -
Account on ED-DMCS 35,000
777
| en |
converted_docs | 024993 | Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation
Waste Management Division
Final Proposal for the State Innovations Grants 2004
1\. **PROJECT TITLE:** An Environmental Results Program for the Retail
Gasoline Sales
Sector
2\. **APPLICANT INFORMATION:**
> Applicant Name: State of Vermont Department of Environmental
>
> Conservation (VT DEC), Waste Management Division
>
> Project Contact: Peter W. Marshall, VT DEC, Waste Management Division
>
> Address: 103 S. Main Street/West Office Bldg.
>
> Waterbury, Vermont 05671-0404
>
> Phone: (802) 241-3868
>
> Fax: (802) 241-3296
>
> Email: <peter.marshall@anr.state.vt.us>
3\. **FUNDING REQUESTED: [\[Financial information redacted\]]{.mark}**
4\. **PROJECT PERIOD: [September 2004 - September 2006 (may be adjusted
]{.underline}**
**[depending on EPA Award Date)]{.underline}**
5\. **NARRATIVE WORKPLAN**
**Project Background**
This project would use the Environmental Results Program (ERP) model to
achieve a measurable improvement in compliance with sections of several
federally delegated regulatory programs at facilities within the retail
gasoline sales sector as well as other facilities regulated by the
Vermont Underground Storage Tank (UST) program. The project seeks to
measure and improve compliance at the subject facilities with: the
Underground Storage Tank program, RCRA generator requirements; Stage II
(and possibly Stage I) air rules; and the floor drain aspects of the
Underground Injection Control (UIC) program. In addition, this project
could evaluate compliance with the Spill Prevention Control &
Countermeasures (SPCC) plan requirement. Enhanced outreach to the sector
would focus on the use of a sector-specific regulatory and best
management practices (BMPs) workbook to achieve cross-media compliance
and pollution prevention, and to provide training for the sector.
The State of Vermont currently has approximately 1.5 full-time
equivalents (FTEs) conducting inspections in its federally delegated UST
Program to oversee compliance with the Vermont Underground Storage Tank
Regulations (VUSTR). The regulated community consists of approximately
2,400 USTs at approximately 1,100 facilities. The Vermont UST program
currently conducts approximately 100 inspections per year and does not
anticipate having new resources in the foreseeable future to
significantly increase the number of inspections. At the current rate of
inspection, it would take the Vermont UST Program over 10 years to
evaluate each facility once. Under the ERP model, an assessment of every
facility's compliance status would be conducted and submitted to VT DEC
on an annual basis.
The Vermont UST program is an established program seeking improved
sector-wide compliance through development of a sector specific ERP
Program. The ERP model can achieve this goal through a combination of
enhanced technical assistance, outreach, targeted and random
inspections, and a mandatory self-certification program. Retail gasoline
sales sector facility operations have historically led to significant
environmental impacts from the release of petroleum products to the
environment. The following three graphics demonstrate the need to
address this widespread and serious environmental problem of improper
management of retail gasoline sector facilities. As these graphics show,
the remediation of motor fuel UST (similar to an RGS definition)
clean-up costs account for 70% of the Vermont Petroleum Cleanup Fund
annual expenses. In addition, virtually no town has been spared from a
release from an UST system.
In addition, the Vermont RCRA program has found the retail gasoline
sector to have unique, and very common, compliance problems. In the last
few years, the Vermont RCRA program has forwarded formal enforcement
cases against retail gasoline sector facilities involving 18 locations.
Several of these cases also involved violations of the Vermont
Underground Storage Tank Regulations as well as Stage II air violations.
**Project Overview**
An Environmental Results Project (ERP) is a common sense approach to
achieving enhanced environmental protection. The VT DEC proposes to use
the ERP approach to assist Retail Gasoline Sector (RGS) facility owners
and operators in understanding and complying with several applicable
environmental program regulations and going beyond compliance to prevent
pollution and provide for increased protection of public health and
public and worker safety. The ERP approach provides facility owners and
operators the information needed to maintain applicable operational
requirements while also improving accountability to the public for
environmental performance.
This proposed Environmental Results Project will include the following
typical components:
- A workbook that includes Best Management Practices (BMPs) and
compliance requirements. The workbook is a guide to compliance with
the self-certification form mentioned below;
- A BMP checklist for use by the facility in assessing the status of
compliance, pollution prevention, and other health and safety
practices;
- A compliance self-certification form that the facility owners and
operators are required to complete, sign and return. On the form,
the facility owners and operators must certify the current
compliance status of the facility and acknowledge that the facility
must comply with all applicable environmental laws;
- A Return to Compliance form that is used to address compliance
problems identified in the self-certification process that cannot be
corrected at that time. The form establishes a return to compliance
schedule and deadline for compliance. This form must be signed and
returned when a facility cannot certify full compliance with all
applicable regulatory requirements;
- Workshops to provide technical and compliance assistance to facility
owners and operators, and to provide training on the requirements of
the ERP process;
- Inspections by the VT DEC to confirm the accuracy of the
certifications and compliance with the applicable environmental
regulations; and
- Ongoing technical and compliance assistance by telephone, on-site
assistance (as resources allow), and a project-specific web page
with FAQs and additional resources.
This project facilitates the transfer of innovation by being designed to
accommodate: additional regulatory requirements within this sector
program; the use of the project model for other industry sectors and
regulatory programs within Vermont; and the use of the project model by
other states. The project would be fully documented, modular in design,
and tracked on the project's web site. It is anticipated that this
project will serve as a model for other sectors where there is overlap
between regulatory programs, or pollution prevention opportunities, to
communicate with one voice to regulated community in order to promote
multi-media compliance. This proposal is designed to coordinate programs
where they overlap naturally rather than force a multi-media model in a
situation where it does not belong. This approach may likely be widely
used in the future as a successful alternative to the cumbersome
multi-media programs of the past. This program seeks to increase both
compliance within the sector as well as beyond compliance activities
(reduce pollution) with a minimal increase in resources.
**Project Workplan**
This project proposes several areas of innovation: economy, modularity,
assistance, and the communication of compliance results.
First, due to a limited budget and limited grant availability, this
project would demonstrate how to implement an "ERP on a shoestring."
Because the ERP concept is now sufficiently established, the VT DEC can
show through this proposal that a successful ERP can be maintained on a
very limited budget. (The bulk of the grant money will go toward the
development and initial implementation of the ERP). The second element
of economy is the cost savings that will result from the coordination of
reporting requirements of a number of currently uncoordinated reporting
requirements from various programs, many driven by federal law. Both the
regulated community and the VT DEC will benefit from these cost savings.
The sector will receive more cost-effective (to the state) compliance
assistance and well as compliance oversight thereby reducing potential
environmental impacts.
The second area of innovation involves modularity. This proposal would
establish the ERP in a "modular" format that would allow for: (1)
straightforward future expansion to cover new regulatory requirements or
additional regulatory programs, and (2) easy transferability to new
sectors and programs. It would be designed at the outset to serve as a
model for two other areas which the VT DEC believes lend themselves to
the ERP approach: the auto salvage sector and the Stormwater Program's
multi-sector general permit. The project would be designed to be
transferable to other states. A Vermont web page would track the project
and serve as a repository for the project design and reports.
The third area of innovation involves the broad use of technical and
compliance assistance to enhance compliance while, at the same time,
minimizing the potential for the cross-media transfer of pollutants. It
appears likely that the Chafee Bill (S.195 - now before Congress) will
soon require states to increase assistance efforts to the UST regulated
community.
The fourth area of innovation involves the ability of the ERP model to
generate data that measures program performance. This is accomplished by
comparing compliance rates from the initial inspections of a
statistically valid number of facilities to the compliance rates found
through random inspections after the information & education and
self-certification phase of the project. As the public and policy makers
increasingly demand results from governmental efforts, it is not enough
to simply say that we are doing well in meeting our output goals; we
need to be able to demonstrate the specific progress being made in
meeting the desired outcome of enhanced environmental protection. Both
environmental performance and performance measurement would be enhanced
through more effective traditional inspections and enforcement that
would be facilitated by the evaluation of self-certification statements.
Project Schedule (Table)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Task/Milestone Task Description Start Date End Date
--------------------- -------------------------------- ---------- -----------
Stakeholder Outreach Outreach to internal and 10/15/04 09/30/05
external stakeholders (including
targeted facilities) about the
project.
Goals identification Finalize the goals of this 10/15/04 12/30/04
project, upon which metrics will
be based
Develop Logic Model Develop a logic model with 10/15/04 1/15/05
stakeholder involvement. Logic
model can assist in development
of metrics and data needs.
Measures Development of metrics to be 12/30/04 3/30/05
identification tracked by this project.
Prepare legislation Prepare draft legislation for 10/15/04 12/1/04
(1) generic ERP enabling
legislation for agency (not
necessary for this ERP, but
helpful), and (2) fee
legislation to cover program
costs after grant period
Revise UST Draft language for mandatory 10/15/04 12/15/04
Regulations self-certification for all UST
facilities (or all UST
facilities in the RGS)
Formal APA Rule Average timeframe for selective 1/1/05 7/1/05
Revision Process rule revisions is 6 months
Facility Determine the exact 10/30/04 12/30/04
identification characteristics of facilities to
be targeted, and compile a list
of facilities from reliable
sources.
Statistical Development of a statistical 1/1/05 3/1/05
methodology methodology to drive performance
measurement and analytical
tasks.
Data input & Development and implementation 11/1/04 6/30/06
management of an approach to
cost-effectively inputting and
managing ERP data, including
primary and secondary data.
Primary data consists of data
from inspection reports and
facility forms (including
self-certification forms).
Secondary data sources include
lists of facilities from
regulatory and private sector
databases.
QAPP finalization & Finalize QAPP based upon results 3/1/05 5/1/05
approval of the measures identification,
statistical methodology, and
data management tasks. Primary
data collection will not occur
before relevant parts of the
QAPP are finalized and approved
by EPA.
Baseline inspections Inspections at facilities to 5/1/05 7/1/05
establish a performance
baseline. Facilities selected at
random from the entire targeted
population, based upon sample
design from statistical
methodology.
Workbook and Finalization of workbook, 3/1/05 7/1/05
Certification Form outreach and assistance
Finalization materials, web resources, and
certification forms.
Facility Delivery of compliance/technical 7/1/05 10/31/05
assistance/Outreach assistance to facilities, which
is expected to take the form of
workbooks, fact sheets and/or
workshops.
Self-certification Implementation of a mandatory 9/1/05 10/31/05
facility self-certification
approach. Self-certification
refers to the submission of a
legally binding record of a
facility's compliance and
beyond-compliance practices.
Self-Certification Self-Certification and RTC forms 10/31/05 10/31/05
Deadline due
Analysis of Analysis of Self-Certification 11/1/05 12/15/05
Self-Certification data with primary purpose of
Data identifying opportunities for
selective follow-up (next step).
Selective follow-up Selective follow-up with 12/15/05 3/15/06
self-certifying facilities,
based upon analysis of
self-certification data.
Targeted follow-up may include
phone calls, inspections and
enforcement.
Post-certification Inspections at facilities to 4/15/06 5/15/06
inspections establish whether sector
performance measures (and other
measures) have changed since the
baseline. Inspection data also
used to cross-check
self-certification data at
inspected facilities. Facilities
selected at random from the
entire targeted population,
based upon sample design from
statistical methodology.
Data analysis Analysis of baseline, 5/15/06 7/15/06
self-certification, and
post-certification data to
understand change in facility
performance and overall outcomes
of interest. Assessment of
project efficiency.
Preparation of Final Draft and finalize final project 8/15/06 10/15/06
Project Report report.
Reporting to EPA Reporting shall include 12/30/04 9/30/06
quarterly, annual and final
reports.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
The project would begin immediately after (1) a grant award, and (2) the
approval of the Vermont legislative Joint Fiscal Committee. The project
would begin with the selection of contractor to assist with the
development of the project, internal VT DEC meetings among participating
programs to determine the scope of the project, and the hiring of a
project administrator. The Vermont UST Regulations would be amended to
require the self-certifications. Legislation would also be drafted to
set fees that would allow the project to be self-sufficient after the
grant period. Broad enabling legislation for ERP-type projects that
cross current programmatic boundaries would also be proposed. It is
estimated that this initial work would be completed within four months.
The second phase of the project would be to work with the selected
contractor and stakeholders to develop an implementation plan covering
the development of: the self-certification form, outreach materials, the
sector-specific BMPs and compliance requirements workbook, statistical
requirements for baseline and follow-up inspections, a data management
system, and the creation of a tracking system for project performance.
Baseline inspections would be conducted during this phase of the
project. It is estimated this phase would be completed in 6-8 months.
The third phase of the project would include the outreach efforts and
all self-certification related activities. An information and education
effort to notify the regulated sector of the initiative would be
conducted early in this phase. This would consist of distributing
information by mail and email, maintaining a web page devoted to the
effort, and conducting a series of workshops around the state. The
workbooks containing BMPs, compliance requirements, and the
self-certification forms would be provided in this phase by mail. The
workshops would provide direct outreach and training, and on-site
technical and compliance assistance would be offered as resources allow.
The workshops would also provide a forum to discuss the mandatory
self-certification and provide guidance for its completion. A fee would
be required with the submission of the self-certification.
Enforcement efforts for failure to submit the self-certification form,
the return to compliance form, and/or instances of significant
non-compliance would be conducted in this phase as well. Post
certification inspections would also be conducted in the certification
phase. These inspections serve to verify self-certification data, return
to compliance data, and provide further input into the statistical model
to document changes from baseline conditions.
The fourth phase of the project would involve the analysis of the data
and the development of a report documenting results of the initial round
of work.
**ERP Development and Implementation**
The VT DEC will rely to a large extent on a qualified ERP Contractor to
assist in the development of the ERP experimental design, outreach
initiatives, the statistical model, and necessary QAPP revisions. The
ERP will be developed in consultation with broad stakeholder input that
includes trade organizations and the direct involvement of the target
facilities. The ERP will be developed to maximize the likelihood that
measurable environmental results will accrue from the project. The ERP
will also be developed in a manner that allows for the transfer of the
project design to new sectors and programs in Vermont as well as to
other states.
Implementation of the ERP will follow the experimental model developed
by the project and be governed by sound data collection and analysis
procedures of the project QAPP. The QAPP will be amended as necessary to
ensure data quality objectives are met and measurable environmental
results are documented. The ERP Contractor will assist in the
implementation of the ERP as outlined below:
- Assist with project design
- Develop statistical methodology
- Assist VT DEC Information Technology (IT) staff in the development
of necessary data systems and hardware infrastructure
- Assist VT DEC staff in review and presentation of outreach materials
- Assist VT DEC staff in stakeholder outreach, especially concerning
the benefits of ERP from experiences of other states
- Assist VT DEC staff in analysis of project data and presentation of
results
- Review data and provide QA/QC
**ERP Process and Methodology**
The ERP model will serve as a framework for coordinating the reporting
that the various DEC regulatory programs require of these facilities.
This coordination will enhance the DEC's ability to view compliance
across programs and will reduce the paperwork burden for both the sector
facilities and the DEC. Although the amount of paper processed by the
sector facilities may at first be increased, the burden associated with
that paperwork should decrease since it will be organized as the
facilities operate, not as government operates, and will be accompanied
by clear guidance for its completion. The various reporting requirements
for this sector are currently program-driven and not coordinated. This
project would minimize reporting burdens by consolidating as many
reporting requirements as possible (others not currently identified can
be added to the project at any time) while also reinforcing, both
internally and externally, the notion that facility compliance crosses
media and programmatic boundaries. It is anticipated that this
coordination, and the automation of the certification report processing,
will result in cost savings that will benefit the regulated community
and the VT DEC.
**Stakeholder Involvement**
The project will seek broad stakeholder involvement in the design and
implementation of the project. Stakeholders will include, at a minimum:
the target facilities, trade groups, municipalities, environmental
groups, all DEC programs with jurisdiction over target facilities, other
state and federal programs with jurisdiction over target facilities, and
the general public. Stakeholder meetings will be announced via
mass-mailings and advertisements in media (TBD). Stakeholder meetings
will be held in various locations around the state to maximize input.
**Performance Measurement**
This project focuses on priority environmental issues by targeting an
industry sector that is present statewide with significant potential for
environmental releases and emissions. The project is intended to improve
compliance within the sector with requirements of four
federally-delegated programs: UST, RCRA generator requirements, the
Clean Air Act (CAA) Stage I & II requirements, and the Safe Drinking
Water Act (SDWA) UIC requirements.
This project would establish sector-specific, cross-media Best
Management Practices (BMPs) as well as compliance guidance materials.
The purpose of the BMPs would be to encourage facilities to go beyond
compliance to reduce waste, pollution, and emissions through the use of
better operation and maintenance practices as well as pollution
prevention practices. This project would encourage the regulated
community to achieve reduced compliance costs by addressing all
compliance and environmental issues at once through cross-media BMPs
(that lead to compliance) rather than narrowly focusing on whatever
problem was identified during the last regulatory inspection.
This project will build on lessons learned from the last decade of
searching for ways to measure prevention efforts by using a mechanism
(ERP) that specifically measures results. The project is likely to
produce quantifiable reductions in hazardous waste generation as well as
quantifiable improvements in compliance with all four prevention
programs. While one of the main goals is to reduce spills and leaks from
UST facilities, the lag time between occurrence and detection may
prevent quantification of these goals.
This project establishes goals for innovation, and indicators to measure
progress toward those goals, by using the ERP model for the project's
structure. The project is designed to demonstrate accountability for
environmental results within the sector by measuring progress towards
the key project indicators from the various project programs on an
annual basis. The information concerning project design, tracking,
measurement, and reporting of results will all be maintained on a web
page devoted to this project. Results from the project would be
generated annually after the first implementation year. Specific goals
for the project would include both environmental result goals as well as
compliance goals. The environmental result goals would be derived from
the key indicators of the project and would likely include measures of:
UST releases, air emissions, and hazardous waste generation (sumps,
spill buckets, and releases). The compliance goals for the project are:
\- to reach approximately 85% participation by the sector facilities
during the first certification year.
\- to reach 100% participation by the sector facilities by the end of
the second certification year.
\- to improve the initial rates of compliance (as determined by the
initial and follow-up random inspections) with selected UST, RCRA, Air
and UIC requirements by 20% by the end of the first certification year
(the second project year).
In the long-term, it is expected that this approach will yield: annual
multi-media compliance measures across all facilities in the sector;
improved sector-wide compliance; reduced emissions and releases; reduced
costs of compliance and program administration; and improved
communication between the regulated community and the VT DEC concerning
compliance (regulatory improvements, self-reporting).
**Data Quality Assessment, Validation and Usability**
Data quality will vary. The quality of the data required to demonstrate
compliance with applicable regulations will be consistent with what is
currently required by the various regulatory programs. Both data and
secondary data will be validated using protocols to be developed in
accordance with the project QAPP, as revised. Cross-checks will be used
wherever possible. Data will be analyzed to ensure that unusable data is
identified and removed from consideration under the project. Further
descriptions of assessment, validation, and usability can be found in
the project QAPP.
**Data Analysis**
All data analysis will be governed by the project-specific QAPP.
**Measurable Environmental Improvement**
This project is designed to improve environmental results by the
intended outcomes of: reducing the threat of releases of petroleum,
hazardous wastes, and hazardous materials to groundwater (a significant
source of drinking water in Vermont) and soils through enhanced
compliance with UST, RCRA, UIC, and sector-specific BMPs; reducing air
emissions through enhanced Stage II vapor recovery compliance; and
reducing hazardous waste generation through the use of the BMPs.
The ERP model will allow for the measurement of annual compliance
progress *for the entire sector, with several environmental laws*. This
proposed ERP model consists of an initial round of inspections of a
statistically valid number of facilities, sector-based multimedia
outreach and education, a mandatory multi-media self-certification on a
sector-specific form, a processing fee, and data analysis that would
result in statistically valid compliance reports to document project
performance. Current environmental programs tend to measure outputs
rather than outcomes, whereas this approach would measure environmental
results on a holistic cross-media basis.
**Public Involvement**
Public involvement will be carried out as part of the stakeholder
involvement since the target facilities represent a sector that has had
historical impacts on neighborhoods from releases of petroleum to soils
and groundwater. It is anticipated that the public will participate to
improve the compliance status of these facilities
**Reporting**
Quarterly reporting to EPA will provide the status of the pilot project
and progress towards milestones on the project schedule.
**Project Budget (estimated)**
See attached budget sheet.
**Pilot Project Organization, Roles and Responsibilities**
This pilot project will be managed from the Waste Management Division of
the VT DEC. Three supervisors from the Division will have key roles in
establishing the project and providing oversight of personnel and
resources. These three supervisors are Peter Marshall (project manager),
Chief of the Hazardous Waste Management & Prevention Section; Marc Roy,
Chief of the Hazardous Waste Technical Services Section; and Ted Unkles,
UST Program Supervisor. Resumes for these three key personnel are
attached. They have over 40 years combined experience in working with
the VT DEC with UST and hazardous waste management programs.
| en |
converted_docs | 224701 | **Funding Advisory Opinion**
**FAO-08-012**
**Date Issued:**
> September 26, 2008
**Requestor:**
> Wayne County, New York Board of Elections (AOR-08-023)
**Question:**
> May a county use Help America Vote Act (HAVA) funds to pay poll
> workers to attend a newly created all-day training session and to pay
> for lunch provided during the training session?
**Answer:**
> HAVA Section 101 funds and, under certain circumstances, Section 251
> funds[^1] may be used to pay poll workers (1) to attend an all-day
> training session and (2) to pay for lunch during the training session,
> if the payments and the levels of payment for such activities are
> consistent with previously established policies of the county, does
> not supplant previous training expenditures, is consistent with the
> State's HAVA state plan, and is approved for use by the State. The
> office of the chief State election official is ultimately responsible
> for determining how the State plans to utilize HAVA funds and whether
> counties and other subrecipients can expend HAVA funds on certain
> activities.
**Discussion:**
*Allowable, allocable, and reasonable:*
> To meet federal standards, a cost charged to a federal award, such as
> HAVA, must be allowable, allocable, and reasonable. First, the federal
> cost principles applicable to a recipient determine general
> allowability. The cost principles applicable to States and local
> government is 2 CFR 225 (A-87). 2 CFR 225 Appendix B Sections 27 and
> 42 support the conclusion that funds may be used to pay poll workers
> to attend training sessions including expenses incurred for providing
> lunch. Specifically, Section 27 states that costs incurred for
> meetings, including meals, transportation, and rental of facilities,
> where the primary purpose is dissemination of technical information
> are allowable. Likewise, Section 42 further states that cost of
> training provided for employee development is generally an allowable
> cost.
>
> Second, a cost must also be allocable to the specific award. In terms
> of HAVA funds, Section 101(b)(1)(D) specifically states that Section
> 101 funds may be used to train election officials, poll workers, and
> election volunteers. Additionally, this activity could be labeled an
> activity to improve the administration of elections for Federal
> office, for which Section 251 requirements payments could be used upon
> certification to the Election Assistance Commission (EAC) that the
> State (1) has implemented the requirements of Title III or (2) will
> not exceed an amount equal to the minimum payment amount applicable to
> the State for such expenditures. See Funding Advisory FAO 08-011 for
> specific information on allowable uses of Section 251 funds for poll
> worker training.
>
> Finally, the cost must be reasonable, which is to say that the cost
> does not exceed that which would be incurred by a prudent person; the
> cost is consistent with previously established policies; and that the
> cost does not supplant established expenditures by the recipient. In
> terms of training for election officials and poll workers, HAVA funds
> could not be used in lieu of previously devoted State or local funds.
> If the training program is a new effort, induced by the introduction
> of HAVA provisions, it would be reasonable to charge the cost to HAVA.
*State approval:*
> The county has indicated that the State previously denied the county's
> request to use HAVA funds for this purpose. Counties or local
> governments are subrecipients of the State. The administration of
> federal funds lies within the discretion of the primary grant
> recipient and not the subrecipient. It is within the State's
> discretion to make this determination and prohibit counties and other
> subrecipients from utilizing HAVA funding for particular activities,
> even if the expenses are generally allowable using HAVA funds.
[^1]: Section 251 funds may be used to fund poll worker training only in
limited circumstances or when the state has: (1) certified that it
complies with all Title III requirements; or (2) certifies that it
will use an amount less than or equal to the minimum payment to fund
this and other improvement activities. See EAC Advisory Opinion
FAO-08-011.
| en |
all-txt-docs | 427905 |
REMARKS
BY
CHAIRMAN ARTHUR LEVITT
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
THE "NUMBERS GAME"
NYU CENTER FOR LAW AND BUSINESS,
NEW YORK, N.Y.
SEPTEMBER 28, 1998
Thank you very much. Dean Daly, Dean Sexton and to everyone
gathered this evening, thank you for welcoming me tonight. I am
honored to be here on such an auspicious evening for both NYU and
Bill Allen.
The creation of the Center for Law and Business recognizes
an important truth: we cannot continue to view the worlds of
business and law as parallel but separate universes. And NYU
could not have selected a more qualified or thoughtful individual
than Bill as its first director. His leadership of the Delaware
Court of Chancery -- acknowledged as the nation's most
influential arbiter of corporate law -- confirmed his reputation
as a great thinker who effortlessly bridges the worlds of law and
business. I've heard from friends on Wall Street that it's a far
less stressful experience to hear Bill lecture in front of a
classroom than from his former seat on the bench.
Seven months ago, I expressed concerns about selective
disclosure. Through conference calls or embargoed press
releases, analysts and institutional investors often hear about
material news before it is made public. In the interval, there
is a great deal of unusual trading. The practice had been going
on for a long time. And, while everyone was aware of it, and
most were extremely uncomfortable with it, few spoke out. As the
investor's advocate, the SEC did and we will continue to do so.
Well, today, I'd like to talk to you about another
widespread, but too little-challenged custom: earnings
management. This process has evolved over the years into what
can best be characterized as a game among market participants. A
game that, if not addressed soon, will have adverse consequences
for America's financial reporting system. A game that runs
counter to the very principles behind our market's strength and
success.
Increasingly, I have become concerned that the motivation to
meet Wall Street earnings expectations may be overriding common
sense business practices. Too many corporate managers, auditors,
and analysts are participants in a game of nods and winks. In
the zeal to satisfy consensus earnings estimates and project a
smooth earnings path, wishful thinking may be winning the day
over faithful representation.
As a result, I fear that we are witnessing an erosion in the
quality of earnings, and therefore, the quality of financial
reporting. Managing may be giving way to manipulation; Integrity
may be losing out to illusion.
Many in corporate America are just as frustrated and
concerned about this trend as we, at the SEC, are. They know how
difficult it is to hold the line on good practices when their
competitors operate in the gray area between legitimacy and
outright fraud.
A gray area where the accounting is being perverted; where
managers are cutting corners; and, where earnings reports reflect
the desires of management rather than the underlying financial
performance of the company.
Tonight, I want to talk about why integrity in financial
reporting is under stress and explore five of the more common
accounting gimmicks we've been seeing. Finally, I will outline a
framework for a financial community response to this situation.
This necessary response involves improving both our
accounting and disclosure rules, as well as the oversight and
function of outside auditors and board audit committees. I am
also calling upon a broad spectrum of capital market
participants, from corporate management to Wall Street analysts
to investors, to stand together and re-energize the touchstone of
our financial reporting system: transparency and comparability.
This is a financial community problem. It can't be solved
by a government mandate: it demands a financial community
response.
THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL REPORTING IN OUR ECONOMY
Today, America's capital markets are the envy of the world.
Our efficiency, liquidity and resiliency stand second to none.
Our position, no doubt, has benefited from the opportunity and
potential of the global economy. At the same time, however, this
increasing interconnectedness has made us more susceptible to
economic and financial weakness half a world away.
The significance of transparent, timely and reliable
financial statements and its importance to investor protection
has never been more apparent. The current financial situations in
Asia and Russia are stark examples of this new reality. These
markets are learning a painful lesson taught many times before:
investors panic as a result of unexpected or unquantifiable bad
news.
If a company fails to provide meaningful disclosure to
investors about where it has been, where it is and where it is
going, a damaging pattern ensues. The bond between shareholders
and the company is shaken; investors grow anxious; prices
fluctuate for no discernible reasons; and the trust that is the
bedrock of our capital markets is severely tested.
THE PRESSURE TO "MAKE YOUR NUMBERS"
While the problem of earnings management is not new, it has
swelled in a market that is unforgiving of companies that miss
their estimates. I recently read of one major U.S. company, that
failed to meet its so-called "numbers" by one penny, and lost
more than six percent of its stock value in one day.
I believe that almost everyone in the financial community
shares responsibility for fostering a climate in which earnings
management is on the rise and the quality of financial reporting
is on the decline. Corporate management isn't operating in a
vacuum. In fact, the different pressures and expectations placed
by, and on, various participants in the financial community
appear to be almost self-perpetuating.
This is the pattern earnings management creates: companies
try to meet or beat Wall Street earnings projections in order to
grow market capitalization and increase the value of stock
options. Their ability to do this depends on achieving the
earnings expectations of analysts. And analysts seek constant
guidance from companies to frame those expectations. Auditors,
who want to retain their clients, are under pressure not to stand
in the way.
ACCOUNTING HOCUS-POCUS
Our accounting principles weren't meant to be a
straitjacket. Accountants are wise enough to know they cannot
anticipate every business structure, or every new and innovative
transaction, so they develop principles that allow for
flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances. That's why the
highest standards of objectivity, integrity and judgment can't be
the exception. They must be the rule.
Flexibility in accounting allows it to keep pace with
business innovations. Abuses such as earnings management occur
when people exploit this pliancy. Trickery is employed to obscure
actual financial volatility. This, in turn, masks the true
consequences of management's decisions. These practices aren't
limited to smaller companies struggling to gain investor
interest. It's also happening in companies whose products we know
and admire.
So what are these illusions? Five of the more popular ones I
want to discuss today are "big bath" restructuring charges,
creative acquisition accounting, "cookie jar reserves,"
"immaterial" misapplications of accounting principles, and the
premature recognition of revenue.
"Big Bath" Charges
Let me first deal with "Big Bath" restructuring charges.
Companies remain competitive by regularly assessing the
efficiency and profitability of their operations. Problems
arise, however, when we see large charges associated with
companies restructuring. These charges help companies "clean up"
their balance sheet -- giving them a so-called "big bath."
Why are companies tempted to overstate these charges? When
earnings take a major hit, the theory goes Wall Street will look
beyond a one-time loss and focus only on future earnings.
And if these charges are conservatively estimated with a
little extra cushioning, that so-called conservative estimate is
miraculously reborn as income when estimates change or future
earnings fall short.
When a company decides to restructure, management and
employees, investors and creditors, customers and suppliers all
want to understand the expected effects. We need, of course, to
ensure that financial reporting provides this information. But
this should not lead to flushing all the associated costs -- and
maybe a little extra -- through the financial statements.
Creative Acquisition Accounting
Let me turn now to the second gimmick.
In recent years, whole industries have been remade through
consolidations, acquisitions and spin-offs. Some acquirers,
particularly those using stock as an acquisition currency, have
used this environment as an opportunity to engage in another form
of "creative" accounting. I call it "merger magic."
I am not talking tonight about the pooling versus purchase
problem. Some companies have no choice but to use purchase
accounting -- which can result in lower future earnings. But
that's a result some companies are unwilling to tolerate.
So what do they do? They classify an ever-growing portion
of the acquisition price as "in-process" Research and
Development, so -- you guessed it -- the amount can be written
off in a "one-time" charge -- removing any future earnings drag.
Equally troubling is the creation of large liabilities for future
operating expenses to protect future earnings -- all under the
mask of an acquisition.
Miscellaneous "Cookie Jar Reserves"
A third illusion played by some companies is using
unrealistic assumptions to estimate liabilities for such items as
sales returns, loan losses or warranty costs. In doing so, they
stash accruals in cookie jars during the good times and reach
into them when needed in the bad times.
I'm reminded of one U.S. company who took a large one-time
loss to earnings to reimburse franchisees for equipment. That
equipment, however, which included literally the kitchen sink,
had yet to be bought. And, at the same time, they announced that
future earnings would grow an impressive 15 percent per year.
"Materiality"
Let me turn now to the fourth gimmick -- the abuse of
materiality -- a word that captures the attention of both
attorneys and accountants. Materiality is another way we build
flexibility into financial reporting. Using the logic of
diminishing returns, some items may be so insignificant that they
are not worth measuring and reporting with exact precision.
But some companies misuse the concept of materiality. They
intentionally record errors within a defined percentage ceiling.
They then try to excuse that fib by arguing that the effect on
the bottom line is too small to matter. If that's the case, why
do they work so hard to create these errors? Maybe because the
effect can matter, especially if it picks up that last penny of
the consensus estimate. When either management or the outside
auditors are questioned about these clear violations of GAAP,
they answer sheepishly ......."It doesn't matter. It's
immaterial."
In markets where missing an earnings projection by a penny
can result in a loss of millions of dollars in market
capitalization, I have a hard time accepting that some of these
so-called non-events simply don't matter.
Revenue Recognition
Lastly, companies try to boost earnings by manipulating the
recognition of revenue. Think about a bottle of fine wine. You
wouldn't pop the cork on that bottle before it was ready. But
some companies are doing this with their revenue -- recognizing
it before a sale is complete, before the product is delivered to
a customer, or at a time when the customer still has options to
terminate, void or delay the sale.
ACTION PLAN
Since U.S. capital market supremacy is based on the
reliability and transparency of financial statements, this is a
financial community problem that calls for timely financial
community action.
Therefore, I am calling for immediate and coordinated
action: technical rule changes by the regulators and standard
setters to improve the transparency of financial statements;
enhanced oversight of the financial reporting process by those
entrusted as the shareholders' guardians; and nothing less than a
fundamental cultural change on the part of corporate management
as well as the whole financial community.
This action plan represents a cooperative public-private
sector effort. It is essential that we work together to assure
credibility and transparency. Our nine-point program calls for
both regulators and the regulated to not only maintain, but
increase public confidence which has made our markets the envy of
the world. I believe this problem calls for immediate action
that includes the following specific steps:
Improving the Accounting Framework
First, I have instructed the SEC staff to require well-
detailed disclosures about the impact of changes in accounting
assumptions. This should include a supplement to the financial
statement showing beginning and ending balances as well as
activity in between, including any adjustments. This will, I
believe, enable the market to better understand the nature and
effects of the restructuring liabilities and other loss accruals.
Second, we are challenging the profession, through the
AICPA, to clarify the ground rules for auditing of purchased R&D.
We also are requesting that they augment existing guidance on
restructurings, large acquisition write-offs, and revenue
recognition practices. It's time for the accounting profession
to better qualify for auditors what's acceptable and what's not.
Third, I reject the notion that the concept of materiality
can be used to excuse deliberate misstatements of performance. I
know of one Fortune 500 company who had recorded a significant
accounting error, and whose auditors told them so. But they still
used a materiality ceiling of six percent earnings to justify the
error. I have asked the SEC staff to focus on this problem and
publish guidance that emphasizes the need to consider
qualitative, not just quantitative factors of earnings.
Materiality is not a bright line cutoff of three or five percent.
It requires consideration of all relevant factors that could
impact an investor's decision.
Fourth, SEC staff will immediately consider interpretive
accounting guidance on the do's and don'ts of revenue
recognition. The staff will also determine whether recently
published standards for the software industry can be applied to
other service companies.
Fifth, I am asking private sector standard setters to take
action where current standards and guidance are inadequate. I
encourage a prompt resolution of the FASB's projects, currently
underway, that should bring greater clarity to the definition of
a liability.
Sixth, the SEC's review and enforcement teams will reinforce
these regulatory initiatives. We will formally target reviews of
public companies that announce restructuring liability reserves,
major write-offs or other practices that appear to manage
earnings. Likewise, our enforcement team will continue to root
out and aggressively act on abuses of the financial reporting
process.
Improved Outside Auditing in the Financial Reporting Process
Seventh, I don't think it should surprise anyone here that
recent headlines of accounting failures have led some people to
question the thoroughness of audits. I need not remind auditors
they are the public's watchdog in the financial reporting
process. We rely on auditors to put something like the good
housekeeping seal of approval on the information investors
receive. The integrity of that information must take priority
over a desire for cost efficiencies or competitive advantage in
the audit process. High quality auditing requires well-trained,
well-focused and well-supervised auditors.
As I look at some of the failures today, I can't help but
wonder if the staff in the trenches of the profession have the
training and supervision they need to ensure that audits are
being done right. We cannot permit thorough audits to be
sacrificed for re-engineered approaches that are efficient, but
less effective. I have just proposed that the Public Oversight
Board form a group of all the major constituencies to review the
way audits are performed and assess the impact of recent trends
on the public interest.
Strengthening the Audit Committee Process
And, finally, qualified, committed, independent and tough-
minded audit committees represent the most reliable guardians of
the public interest. Sadly, stories abound of audit committees
whose members lack expertise in the basic principles of financial
reporting as well as the mandate to ask probing questions. In
fact, I've heard of one audit committee that convenes only twice
a year before the regular board meeting for 15 minutes and whose
duties are limited to a perfunctory presentation.
Compare that situation with the audit committee which meets
twelve times a year before each board meeting; where every member
has a financial background; where there are no personal ties to
the chairman or the company; where they have their own advisers;
where they ask tough questions of management and outside
auditors; and where, ultimately, the investor interest is being
served.
The SEC stands ready to take appropriate action if that
interest is not protected. But, a private sector response that
empowers audit committees and obviates the need for public sector
dictates seems the wisest choice. I am pleased to announce that
the financial community has agreed to accept this challenge.
As part eight of this comprehensive effort to address
earnings management, the New York Stock Exchange and the National
Association of Securities Dealers have agreed to sponsor a "blue-
ribbon" panel to be headed by John Whitehead, former Deputy
Secretary of State and retired senior partner of Goldman, Sachs,
and Ira Millstein, a lawyer and noted corporate governance
expert. Within the next 90 days, this distinguished group will
develop a series of far-ranging recommendations intended to
empower audit committees and function as the ultimate guardian of
investor interests and corporate accountability. They are going
to examine how we can get the right people to do the right things
and ask the right questions.
Need for a Cultural Change
Finally, I'm challenging corporate management and Wall
Street to re-examine our current environment. I believe we need
to embrace nothing less than a cultural change. For corporate
managers, remember, the integrity of the numbers in the financial
reporting system is directly related to the long-term interests
of a corporation. While the temptations are great, and the
pressures strong, illusions in numbers are only that --
ephemeral, and ultimately self-destructive.
To Wall Street, I say, look beyond the latest quarter.
Punish those who rely on deception, rather than the practice of
openness and transparency.
CONCLUSION
Some may conclude that this debate is nothing more than an
argument over numbers and legalistic terms. I couldn't disagree
more.
Numbers in the abstract are just that -- numbers. But
relying on the numbers in a financial report are livelihoods,
interests and ultimately, stories: a single mother who works two
jobs so she can save enough to give her kids a good education; a
father who labored at the same company for his entire adult life
and now just wants to enjoy time with his grandchildren; a young
couple who dreams of starting their own business. These are the
stories of American investors.
Our mandate and our obligations are clear. We must
rededicate ourselves to a fundamental principle: markets exist
through the grace of investors.
Today, American markets enjoy the confidence of the world.
How many half-truths, and how much accounting sleight-of-hand,
will it take to tarnish that faith?
As a former businessman, I experienced all kinds of markets,
dealt with a variety of trends, fads, fears, and irrational
exuberances. I learned that some habits die hard. But, more
than anything else, I learned that progress doesn't happen
overnight and it's not sustained through short cuts or
obfuscation. It's induced, rather, by asking hard questions and
accepting difficult answers.
For the sake of our markets; for the sake of a globalized
economy which depends so much on the reliability of America's
financial system; for the sake of investors; and for the sake of
a larger commitment not only to each other, but to ourselves, I
ask that we join together to
reinforce the values that have guided our capital markets to
unparalleled supremacy. Together, through vigilance and trust, I
know, we can succeed.
Thank you.
| en |
all-txt-docs | 578700 | year day dechr hour min sec rh esh clong clat HGIlong br bt bn vp1r vp1t vp1n crot np1 vp1 Tp1 vaz vel Bx By Bz sBx sBy sBz nal val Tal np2 vp2
1977.0000 259.0000 0.0011 0.0000 0.0000 4.0000 0.7400 164.4600 354.8900 -7.1600 81.4396 -9.2800 6.0200 7.5400 435.0782 42.1232 36.0908 1659.0000 11.0500 438.6000 79152.0000 5.5300 -4.7200 9.2800 -6.0200 7.5400 0.6600 1.2300 1.3800 0.7300 432.3000 237969.0000 10.2100 434.7000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.0236 0.0000 1.0000 25.0000 0.7400 164.4600 354.8800 -7.1600 81.4429 -8.6600 5.5400 7.8200 435.2473 42.9832 40.1112 1659.0000 13.3100 439.2000 75296.0000 5.6400 -5.2400 8.6600 -5.5400 7.8200 0.5800 0.9800 1.1000 1.3600 426.9000 382915.0000 11.6100 435.5000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.0461 0.0000 2.0000 46.0000 0.7400 164.4600 354.8700 -7.1600 81.4462 -9.1300 6.1800 6.5100 437.4228 42.1961 39.2202 1659.0000 11.9700 441.2000 76716.0000 5.5100 -5.1000 9.1300 -6.1800 6.5100 0.4000 0.6500 0.6100 1.1100 430.3000 258954.0000 11.1300 436.4000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.0686 0.0000 4.0000 7.0000 0.7400 164.4600 354.8600 -7.1600 81.4495 -9.2100 5.7700 6.7600 433.4438 44.8685 36.6684 1659.0000 13.7400 437.3000 87072.0000 5.9100 -4.8100 9.2100 -5.7700 6.7600 0.5100 0.7700 0.6900 1.2400 438.1000 252197.0000 11.7300 432.8000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.0911 0.0000 5.0000 28.0000 0.7400 164.4600 354.8400 -7.1600 81.4428 -8.4400 6.9900 6.9000 437.8963 44.1711 37.3446 1659.0000 10.8700 441.7000 77216.0000 5.7600 -4.8500 8.4400 -6.9900 6.9000 0.3700 0.4500 0.4200 1.0000 431.0000 257473.0000 10.5100 436.6000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.1136 0.0000 6.0000 49.0000 0.7400 164.4600 354.8300 -7.1600 81.4461 -9.0500 4.8600 7.7000 428.2390 36.6377 44.4917 1659.0000 12.8500 432.1000 57218.0000 4.8900 -5.9100 9.0500 -4.8600 7.7000 1.5400 2.7800 1.7900 0.8100 431.5000 334123.0000 11.7900 432.5000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.1361 0.0000 8.0000 10.0000 0.7400 164.4600 354.8200 -7.1600 81.4494 -9.6000 5.4500 7.7600 434.1888 35.4679 44.4807 1659.0000 10.7000 437.9000 73483.0000 4.6700 -5.8300 9.6000 -5.4500 7.7600 0.3800 0.6400 0.7700 0.8200 431.6000 236033.0000 9.9900 433.7000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.1586 0.0000 9.0000 31.0000 0.7400 164.4600 354.8100 -7.1600 81.4527 -8.6600 7.8400 6.2100 432.2973 39.7733 42.5152 1659.0000 14.2600 436.2000 76940.0000 0.0000 0.0000 8.6600 -7.8400 6.2100 0.4500 0.6500 0.7300 0.9300 435.3000 263255.0000 12.0600 436.4000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.1811 0.0000 10.0000 52.0000 0.7400 164.4600 354.7900 -7.1600 81.4460 -9.1500 3.4600 9.3100 430.9489 44.1035 40.6189 1659.0000 11.9200 435.1000 73451.0000 0.0000 0.0000 9.1500 -3.4600 9.3100 0.3400 0.8600 0.5700 0.7500 428.5000 256758.0000 10.4600 433.3000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.2036 0.0000 12.0000 13.0000 0.7400 164.4600 354.7800 -7.1600 81.4493 -7.8600 6.6300 8.5900 435.2896 49.0564 39.2486 1659.0000 12.7800 439.8000 43484.0000 6.4300 -5.1200 7.8600 -6.6300 8.5900 0.4500 0.8300 0.5300 1.0200 438.9000 166165.0000 10.0000 439.7000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.2261 0.0000 13.0000 34.0000 0.7400 164.4600 354.7700 -7.1600 81.4526 -10.6200 0.0900 7.5400 427.3210 28.0081 37.7672 1659.0000 13.2500 429.9000 71265.0000 3.7500 -5.0400 10.6200 -0.0900 7.5400 1.1600 3.0200 0.9200 0.7500 419.3000 226690.0000 10.5400 428.3000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.2486 0.0000 14.0000 55.0000 0.7400 164.4600 354.7600 -7.1600 81.4559 -11.9500 -1.7200 8.6600 422.1532 36.5624 50.2272 1659.0000 7.8500 426.7000 55172.0000 4.9500 -6.7600 11.9500 1.7200 8.6600 0.2700 1.3300 0.9900 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 7.7500 424.3000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.2711 0.0000 16.0000 16.0000 0.7400 164.4600 354.7400 -7.1600 81.4492 -12.0200 -4.4700 7.8500 416.2346 19.9204 37.5570 1659.0000 8.7500 418.4000 41168.0000 2.7400 -5.1500 12.0200 4.4700 7.8500 0.2900 0.2800 0.4900 0.5800 410.5000 110720.0000 7.5300 420.3000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.2936 0.0000 17.0000 37.0000 0.7400 164.4600 354.7300 -7.1600 81.4525 -12.1700 -1.1200 8.4100 417.9323 21.3909 39.0790 1659.0000 8.3000 420.3000 55159.0000 0.0000 0.0000 12.1700 1.1200 8.4100 0.5600 1.2700 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 7.3400 419.1000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.3161 0.0000 18.0000 58.0000 0.7400 164.4600 354.7200 -7.1600 81.4558 -12.4100 -2.8000 7.7800 417.7308 22.7697 40.4300 1659.0000 8.4200 420.3000 40541.0000 3.1200 -5.5200 12.4100 2.8000 7.7800 0.2300 0.4900 0.4000 0.4900 411.2000 110928.0000 7.4000 421.6000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.3386 0.0000 20.0000 19.0000 0.7400 164.4600 354.7100 -7.1600 81.4591 -12.1400 -3.4200 7.6500 422.2023 21.2401 41.8221 1659.0000 10.6700 424.8000 50367.0000 2.8800 -5.6500 12.1400 3.4200 7.6500 0.6200 0.7400 0.5000 0.6900 400.2000 242192.0000 8.6100 422.8000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.3611 0.0000 21.0000 40.0000 0.7400 164.4600 354.7000 -7.1600 81.4624 -12.6600 -3.1400 7.0400 415.0603 23.4235 40.6153 1659.0000 10.4800 417.7000 41908.0000 3.2300 -5.5800 12.6600 3.1400 7.0400 0.1900 0.2800 0.2800 0.0900 503.4000 305173.0000 8.7200 414.6000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.3836 0.0000 23.0000 1.0000 0.7400 164.4600 354.6900 -7.1600 81.4657 -12.8000 -3.2000 6.9800 416.0260 25.5181 36.4660 1659.0000 8.6900 418.4000 62533.0000 3.5100 -5.0000 12.8000 3.2000 6.9800 0.2600 0.2500 0.3900 0.8800 401.3000 190840.0000 7.7000 415.3000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.4061 0.0000 24.0000 22.0000 0.7400 164.4600 354.6700 -7.1600 81.4590 -12.3500 -2.5600 7.9100 416.6382 24.0232 42.6116 1659.0000 10.3000 419.5000 41340.0000 3.3000 -5.8300 12.3500 2.5600 7.9100 0.2000 0.5200 0.4300 0.5300 411.1000 106043.0000 8.7200 415.8000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.4286 0.0000 25.0000 43.0000 0.7400 164.4700 354.6600 -7.1600 81.4623 -12.5200 -2.5700 7.5700 412.1241 25.4954 41.5780 1659.0000 9.8500 415.0000 35382.0000 3.5400 -5.7500 12.5200 2.5700 7.5700 0.4200 0.3900 0.6600 0.0600 498.0000 328419.0000 9.3000 415.5000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.4511 0.0000 27.0000 4.0000 0.7400 164.4700 354.6500 -7.1600 81.4656 -12.8500 -2.1100 7.6000 411.8777 28.2957 40.1892 1659.0000 10.0300 414.8000 49243.0000 3.9300 -5.5600 12.8500 2.1100 7.6000 0.4000 0.2200 0.6300 0.0900 498.3000 421598.0000 8.1600 413.4000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.4736 0.0000 28.0000 25.0000 0.7400 164.4700 354.6400 -7.1600 81.4689 -14.1500 -3.7400 4.1500 407.2202 21.3415 22.5128 1659.0000 8.2700 408.4000 33384.0000 3.0000 -3.1600 14.1500 3.7400 4.1500 0.1900 0.2200 0.3100 0.1000 497.6000 575302.0000 6.4900 407.5000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.4961 0.0000 29.0000 46.0000 0.7400 164.4700 354.6200 -7.1600 81.4622 -13.7300 -3.6100 5.4900 412.6228 20.5416 31.0637 1659.0000 8.6000 414.3000 40814.0000 2.8500 -4.3000 13.7300 3.6100 5.4900 0.1700 0.2700 0.2600 0.0900 511.7000 601290.0000 7.3600 410.9000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.5186 0.0000 31.0000 7.0000 0.7400 164.4700 354.6100 -7.1600 81.4655 -13.7000 -3.5500 5.4900 408.1129 22.7456 30.7338 1659.0000 9.2100 409.9000 31208.0000 3.1900 -4.3000 13.7000 3.5500 5.4900 0.2200 0.2700 0.4200 0.0700 501.0000 405616.0000 6.8400 409.0000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.5411 0.0000 32.0000 28.0000 0.7400 164.4700 354.6000 -7.1600 81.4688 -13.9000 -3.0300 5.8800 412.1857 25.4992 31.8491 1659.0000 8.2700 414.2000 39397.0000 3.5400 -4.4100 13.9000 3.0300 5.8800 0.1900 0.4200 0.3100 0.0900 492.9000 504226.0000 7.2800 410.5000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.5636 0.0000 33.0000 49.0000 0.7400 164.4700 354.5900 -7.1600 81.4721 -13.8300 -2.9800 6.1100 414.8695 25.9560 30.5257 1659.0000 8.0500 416.8000 63715.0000 3.5800 -4.2000 13.8300 2.9800 6.1100 0.2500 0.3500 0.3800 1.2100 395.8000 168855.0000 6.6800 409.6000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.5861 0.0000 35.0000 10.0000 0.7400 164.4700 354.5800 -7.1600 81.4754 -13.3400 -0.9900 6.8900 410.5179 30.4347 36.9556 1659.0000 9.0400 413.3000 50257.0000 4.2400 -5.1300 13.3400 0.9900 6.8900 0.2600 0.5100 0.4500 0.1300 498.0000 308266.0000 7.9500 416.2000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.6086 0.0000 36.0000 31.0000 0.7400 164.4700 354.5600 -7.1600 81.4687 -12.9400 1.1200 7.4400 408.3429 36.0127 35.9361 1659.0000 11.8400 411.5000 70930.0000 5.0400 -5.0100 12.9400 -1.1200 7.4400 0.6400 0.6100 0.8400 0.9600 401.8000 234071.0000 9.4200 409.6000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.6311 0.0000 37.0000 52.0000 0.7400 164.4700 354.5500 -7.1600 81.4719 -12.2900 2.3300 8.1300 407.5244 42.0417 37.5008 1659.0000 11.0400 411.4000 51118.0000 5.8900 -5.2300 12.2900 -2.3300 8.1300 0.5100 0.7100 0.6900 0.7000 417.2000 240620.0000 9.3400 407.4000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.6536 0.0000 39.0000 13.0000 0.7400 164.4700 354.5400 -7.1600 81.4753 -12.5300 1.4600 7.5500 408.8471 32.5360 35.8104 1659.0000 12.0000 411.7000 66486.0000 4.5500 -4.9900 12.5300 -1.4600 7.5500 0.4300 0.8200 0.9200 0.9800 400.4000 215425.0000 9.6700 409.8000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.6761 0.0000 40.0000 34.0000 0.7400 164.4700 354.5300 -7.1600 81.4786 -13.3100 -0.1700 6.4300 403.5280 28.4298 34.5381 1659.0000 12.3300 406.0000 50419.0000 4.0300 -4.8800 13.3100 0.1700 6.4300 0.3600 0.7200 0.8500 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 10.1800 403.5000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.6986 0.0000 41.0000 55.0000 0.7400 164.4700 354.5100 -7.1600 81.4719 -12.9300 1.9600 6.9800 407.6236 38.4600 36.9732 1659.0000 11.8400 411.1000 59723.0000 5.3900 -5.1600 12.9300 -1.9600 6.9800 0.1900 0.7600 0.5400 0.9600 403.5000 211306.0000 9.6000 409.1000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.7211 0.0000 43.0000 16.0000 0.7400 164.4700 354.5000 -7.1600 81.4752 -12.8300 2.7400 6.5100 408.7997 36.9879 35.4783 1659.0000 11.7900 412.0000 52307.0000 5.1700 -4.9400 12.8300 -2.7400 6.5100 0.8100 2.0800 1.1200 0.0800 517.4000 334344.0000 9.9600 409.1000
1977.0000 259.0000 0.7436 0.0000 44.0000 37.0000 0.7400 164.4700 354.4900 -7.1600 81.4784 -12.5600 1.5600 6.9000 409.3254 26.3503 22.6928 1659.0000 12.9600 410.8000 78782.0000 0.0000 0.0000 12.5600 -1.5600 6.9000 0.4100 1.5500 1.4600 1.0700 402.3000 263814.0000 10.1000 410.7000
1977.0000 259.0000 1.6783 1.0000 40.0000 42.0000 0.7400 164.4400 353.9500 -7.2100 81.4909 -14.7200 -6.0700 0.0400 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1660.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 14.7200 6.0700 0.0400 0.6300 2.0700 1.4700 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1977.0000 259.0000 1.6964 1.0000 41.0000 47.0000 0.7400 164.4800 353.9700 -7.1600 81.5216 -14.7800 -5.9300 0.1000 424.9580 5.2663 -2.8187 1659.0000 16.3200 425.0000 184662.0000 0.7100 0.3800 14.7800 5.9300 0.1000 0.5800 2.0500 1.4700 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 14.4100 422.0000
1977.0000 259.0000 3.1367 3.0000 8.0000 12.0000 0.7400 164.4900 353.2000 -7.1600 81.6028 -17.4500 5.2300 9.4800 442.9963 64.9421 57.4351 1659.0000 17.2500 451.4000 159077.0000 8.3400 -7.3100 17.4500 -5.2300 9.4800 1.3500 3.0700 1.5200 1.8400 462.3000 505109.0000 14.7300 447.9000
1977.0000 259.0000 4.5767 4.0000 34.0000 36.0000 0.7400 164.5000 352.4200 -7.1600 81.6739 -14.5300 6.4700 6.8200 461.1559 58.0122 13.9570 1659.0000 24.3900 465.0000 139911.0000 7.1700 -1.7200 14.5300 -6.4700 6.8200 0.8500 2.3500 1.2200 1.9700 457.1000 361618.0000 21.0400 464.4000
1977.0000 259.0000 5.9983 5.0000 59.0000 54.0000 0.7400 164.4900 351.6200 -7.2100 81.7141 -16.6900 7.4400 8.0200 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1660.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 16.6900 -7.4400 8.0200 1.3200 3.4700 1.4200 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1977.0000 259.0000 6.0167 6.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.7400 164.5200 351.6400 -7.1600 81.7449 -16.6000 7.8200 7.8800 458.4601 65.5751 15.9299 1659.0000 39.2700 463.4000 232499.0000 8.1400 -1.9700 16.6000 -7.8200 7.8800 1.2800 3.2500 1.4800 2.9300 475.6000 404290.0000 35.0900 464.3000
1977.0000 259.0000 7.4558 7.0000 27.0000 21.0000 0.7400 164.5000 350.8300 -7.2100 81.7855 -2.9500 12.8400 -1.5800 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1660.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2.9500 -12.8400 -1.5800 1.9300 3.5400 7.5800 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1977.0000 259.0000 9.6161 9.0000 36.0000 58.0000 0.7400 164.5500 349.6900 -7.1700 81.9222 -13.0100 10.5700 1.0400 0.0000 -0.0000 -0.0000 1659.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 13.0100 -10.5700 1.0400 3.2900 7.1500 6.5700 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1977.0000 259.0000 10.3586 10.0000 21.0000 31.0000 0.7400 164.5600 349.2900 -7.1700 81.9611 -7.4700 -13.4600 12.4800 688.7987 -76.2875 -16.2107 1659.0000 13.0300 693.2000 348495.0000 0.0000 1.3400 7.4700 13.4600 12.4800 1.2300 0.8400 1.2900 0.4200 757.7000 672353.0000 10.7900 695.2000
1977.0000 259.0000 10.3811 10.0000 22.0000 52.0000 0.7400 164.5600 349.2800 -7.1700 81.9644 -8.4800 -12.0000 13.4400 689.1455 -135.7047 -12.9959 1659.0000 13.4800 702.5000 422300.0000 -11.1400 1.0600 8.4800 12.0000 13.4400 1.0400 1.0100 1.0500 0.5600 740.1000 1372148.0000 11.0100 705.9000
1977.0000 259.0000 10.4036 10.0000 24.0000 13.0000 0.7400 164.5600 349.2600 -7.1700 81.9577 -10.5900 -7.5500 14.8600 672.0216 -123.0360 -12.1637 1659.0000 14.3600 683.3000 412268.0000 0.0000 1.0200 10.5900 7.5500 14.8600 2.7400 1.2200 1.4400 0.3900 751.9000 894184.0000 11.9300 686.1000
1977.0000 259.0000 10.4261 10.0000 25.0000 34.0000 0.7400 164.5600 349.2500 -7.1700 81.9610 -12.7900 -3.6900 14.8300 670.3043 -113.4938 -18.6335 1659.0000 14.0300 680.1000 419441.0000 -9.6100 1.5700 12.7900 3.6900 14.8300 1.1900 0.6600 1.4600 0.4900 745.2000 1308531.0000 11.5400 683.3000
1977.0000 259.0000 10.4486 10.0000 26.0000 55.0000 0.7400 164.5600 349.2400 -7.1700 81.9643 -13.9300 -4.9200 12.9700 663.3132 -102.2715 -18.2780 1659.0000 14.1100 671.4000 376405.0000 0.0000 1.5600 13.9300 4.9200 12.9700 0.8300 0.8300 0.9600 0.5600 737.7000 1255516.0000 11.3800 669.1000
1977.0000 259.0000 10.4711 10.0000 28.0000 16.0000 0.7400 164.5600 349.2300 -7.1700 81.9676 -13.8500 -3.3600 13.5100 670.3679 -93.2598 -10.1598 1659.0000 13.7100 676.9000 396052.0000 -7.9200 0.8600 13.8500 3.3600 13.5100 0.6300 0.5300 0.6500 0.4800 742.8000 1305204.0000 11.4700 678.5000
1977.0000 259.0000 10.4936 10.0000 29.0000 37.0000 0.7400 164.5600 349.2200 -7.1700 81.9709 -14.0100 -2.7300 13.4400 663.2602 -79.7935 -8.7452 1659.0000 13.7700 668.1000 397507.0000 -6.8600 0.7500 14.0100 2.7300 13.4400 1.1700 2.2700 0.9400 0.3400 756.7000 762790.0000 11.3200 668.4000
1977.0000 259.0000 10.5161 10.0000 30.0000 58.0000 0.7400 164.5600 349.2000 -7.1700 81.9642 -15.0700 -0.3700 13.4700 667.0352 -91.4911 -12.6925 1659.0000 13.3700 673.4000 383058.0000 -7.8100 1.0800 15.0700 0.3700 13.4700 1.0100 1.5800 1.3300 0.5200 744.0000 1189195.0000 11.2400 674.5000
1977.0000 259.0000 10.5386 10.0000 32.0000 19.0000 0.7400 164.5600 349.1900 -7.1700 81.9675 -18.8600 1.6100 6.4900 626.7867 -61.7883 -75.2136 1659.0000 12.7700 634.3000 230131.0000 -5.6300 6.8100 18.8600 -1.6100 6.4900 1.0300 2.8800 1.9500 0.4100 714.2000 752395.0000 11.1700 635.3000
1977.0000 259.0000 10.5611 10.0000 33.0000 40.0000 0.7400 164.5600 349.1800 -7.1700 81.9707 -17.0900 -2.2200 11.0400 648.5586 -83.1973 -32.8950 1659.0000 11.5600 654.7000 293713.0000 -7.3100 2.8800 17.0900 2.2200 11.0400 1.1300 2.7600 1.9100 0.5300 751.4000 1237428.0000 9.7600 660.3000
1977.0000 259.0000 10.5836 10.0000 35.0000 1.0000 0.7400 164.5600 349.1700 -7.1700 81.9741 -16.6200 1.2400 12.9200 651.1884 -62.8170 -27.7627 1659.0000 12.4300 654.8000 332330.0000 -5.5100 2.4300 16.6200 -1.2400 12.9200 0.8200 2.1900 1.7000 0.5500 736.8000 1096263.0000 10.0100 655.2000
1977.0000 259.0000 10.6061 10.0000 36.0000 22.0000 0.7400 164.5600 349.1500 -7.1700 81.9673 -16.9400 2.9700 12.1100 648.7472 -53.5647 -28.9905 1659.0000 11.7600 651.6000 285968.0000 -4.7200 2.5500 16.9400 -2.9700 12.1100 0.9300 0.7800 1.1900 0.4400 734.2000 798757.0000 9.9900 656.1000
1977.0000 259.0000 10.6286 10.0000 37.0000 43.0000 0.7400 164.5600 349.1400 -7.1700 81.9707 -16.9700 3.2900 12.5500 658.7122 -56.7032 -27.0168 1659.0000 12.6900 661.7000 359253.0000 -4.9200 2.3400 16.9700 -3.2900 12.5500 0.9300 1.7500 1.9600 0.6600 724.3000 1546578.0000 10.2200 660.4000
1977.0000 259.0000 10.6511 10.0000 39.0000 4.0000 0.7400 164.5600 349.1300 -7.1700 81.9740 -17.3900 10.8700 3.9900 652.0436 -21.1748 -81.0279 1659.0000 11.5200 657.4000 263203.0000 -1.8600 7.0800 17.3900 -10.8700 3.9900 1.3400 1.9400 2.3100 0.3500 734.7000 784620.0000 9.6200 655.6000
1977.0000 259.0000 10.6736 10.0000 40.0000 25.0000 0.7400 164.5600 349.1200 -7.1700 81.9772 -17.4000 11.3500 -0.0400 651.0915 -17.8455 -82.9759 1659.0000 10.7800 656.6000 306239.0000 -1.5700 7.2600 17.4000 -11.3500 -0.0400 0.6800 1.0500 0.9200 0.4500 729.6000 1304165.0000 8.8200 659.1000
1977.0000 259.0000 10.6961 10.0000 41.0000 46.0000 0.7400 164.5600 349.1100 -7.1700 81.9805 -15.9300 13.0400 0.9400 656.7794 -9.2856 -89.3927 1659.0000 11.1300 662.9000 279419.0000 -0.8100 7.7500 15.9300 -13.0400 0.9400 0.9500 1.3300 1.2200 0.5600 750.7000 1299591.0000 9.6100 664.1000
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1977.0000 259.0000 10.7411 10.0000 44.0000 28.0000 0.7400 164.5600 349.0800 -7.1700 81.9771 -15.3200 13.5500 1.6300 664.4778 2.0875 -81.8235 1659.0000 10.1300 669.5000 361281.0000 0.1800 7.0200 15.3200 -13.5500 1.6300 0.7800 1.0300 0.9800 0.5200 745.1000 1214143.0000 8.3600 669.4000
1977.0000 259.0000 10.7636 10.0000 45.0000 49.0000 0.7400 164.5300 349.0400 -7.2200 81.9504 -18.1500 9.3200 0.5200 0.0000 -0.0000 -0.0000 1660.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 18.1500 -9.3200 0.5200 0.8500 1.4500 1.4400 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.0792 11.0000 4.0000 45.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.9000 -7.1700 81.9969 -16.6000 9.9200 4.5200 656.6976 -25.5721 -75.3428 1659.0000 13.3200 661.5000 295272.0000 -2.2300 6.5400 16.6000 -9.9200 4.5200 1.1500 1.1700 1.2300 0.5500 728.0000 1113519.0000 10.6300 663.4000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.1017 11.0000 6.0000 6.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.8900 -7.1700 82.0002 -14.3500 12.7100 0.9400 666.9992 -19.2135 -43.6186 1659.0000 11.6300 668.7000 262943.0000 -1.6500 3.7400 14.3500 -12.7100 0.9400 0.8500 1.5200 1.4100 0.4900 754.5000 1195432.0000 10.1100 665.8000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.1242 11.0000 7.0000 27.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.8700 -7.1700 81.9935 -12.8200 9.3400 -10.0600 690.5524 -23.6722 -58.1428 1659.0000 11.8900 693.4000 334149.0000 0.0000 0.0000 12.8200 -9.3400 -10.0600 1.1300 1.9400 1.8300 0.4800 751.1000 831605.0000 10.0600 695.6000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.1467 11.0000 8.0000 48.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.8600 -7.1700 81.9968 -14.3400 14.1300 -1.1400 669.0300 -26.5981 -68.9559 1659.0000 9.6900 673.1000 360241.0000 0.0000 0.0000 14.3400 -14.1300 -1.1400 0.8200 0.8800 1.0800 0.5000 729.4000 791065.0000 8.0000 672.4000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.1692 11.0000 10.0000 9.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.8500 -7.1700 82.0001 -16.0800 10.3100 -0.5800 645.6556 -29.2061 -78.7851 1659.0000 11.8800 651.1000 216961.0000 -2.5900 6.9500 16.0800 -10.3100 -0.5800 2.0700 3.2800 1.6100 0.5500 740.2000 1201877.0000 9.2900 651.6000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.1917 11.0000 11.0000 30.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.8400 -7.1700 82.0034 -16.7800 9.6300 1.0400 658.7330 -11.7282 -76.8128 1659.0000 11.3300 663.3000 232849.0000 -1.0200 6.6500 16.7800 -9.6300 1.0400 0.7000 1.1500 0.7100 0.4400 750.7000 1298551.0000 9.5000 666.4000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.2142 11.0000 12.0000 51.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.8300 -7.1700 82.0067 -14.5500 4.4400 2.9500 709.4149 -86.9795 15.7202 1659.0000 11.6600 714.9000 421624.0000 -6.9900 -1.2600 14.5500 -4.4400 2.9500 1.8700 5.8800 7.4300 0.4400 745.9000 877136.0000 9.1500 716.6000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.2367 11.0000 14.0000 12.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.8200 -7.1700 82.0100 -10.4300 -0.6300 -0.9700 704.1310 -25.6963 -0.5534 1659.0000 7.7800 704.6000 258473.0000 -2.0900 0.0000 10.4300 0.6300 -0.9700 2.7100 7.0200 9.3000 0.4300 751.1000 1256347.0000 6.5600 702.7000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.2592 11.0000 15.0000 33.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.8000 -7.1700 82.0033 -13.7700 5.8500 1.8400 678.8087 -86.5962 -16.1267 1659.0000 10.0800 684.5000 252600.0000 -7.2700 1.3500 13.7700 -5.8500 1.8400 1.1500 2.6200 4.8000 0.4400 761.8000 1405205.0000 8.2700 685.4000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.3267 11.0000 19.0000 36.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.7700 -7.1700 82.0132 -14.2700 3.6300 6.8700 683.7562 -23.8773 -6.0901 1659.0000 9.4400 684.2000 278900.0000 -2.0000 0.5100 14.2700 -3.6300 6.8700 0.1000 0.5000 0.2400 0.4000 748.9000 1133270.0000 7.7000 682.5000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.3492 11.0000 20.0000 57.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.7500 -7.1700 82.0065 -13.3600 4.9100 7.8100 668.5229 -3.2670 -34.1003 1659.0000 8.5800 669.4000 160448.0000 -0.2800 2.9200 13.3600 -4.9100 7.8100 0.9200 1.4700 2.1700 0.0300 911.6000 332226.0000 7.3600 672.3000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.3717 11.0000 22.0000 18.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.7400 -7.1700 82.0098 -11.6100 10.7500 1.9000 698.3164 34.6421 -65.1067 1659.0000 6.8200 702.2000 261592.0000 2.8400 5.3200 11.6100 -10.7500 1.9000 1.3300 1.4900 1.8900 0.3700 756.0000 1093769.0000 5.5000 700.6000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.3942 11.0000 23.0000 39.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.7300 -7.1700 82.0131 -12.0500 9.6100 -1.0600 686.9423 23.2683 -69.0900 1659.0000 8.5200 690.8000 278952.0000 1.9400 5.7400 12.0500 -9.6100 -1.0600 2.0300 2.8700 2.8200 0.4500 747.2000 1066326.0000 6.8800 689.6000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.4167 11.0000 25.0000 0.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.7200 -7.1700 82.0164 -14.7100 4.7600 -5.6200 680.5318 -7.8395 -87.6669 1659.0000 8.9900 686.2000 264347.0000 -0.6600 7.3400 14.7100 -4.7600 -5.6200 0.8400 1.5500 1.2200 0.4400 731.8000 1065702.0000 7.6500 682.9000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.4392 11.0000 26.0000 21.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.7100 -7.1700 82.0197 -15.3700 3.7900 -3.2300 680.8356 11.5274 -85.6597 1659.0000 8.4500 686.3000 243245.0000 0.9700 7.1700 15.3700 -3.7900 -3.2300 1.4000 2.0900 2.0400 0.4400 738.4000 1158426.0000 7.1000 684.9000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.4617 11.0000 27.0000 42.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.6900 -7.1700 82.0130 -15.4400 4.7200 -1.9100 663.0832 -14.0054 -48.4719 1659.0000 8.6000 665.0000 215490.0000 -1.2100 4.1800 15.4400 -4.7200 -1.9100 0.8000 1.7300 2.6100 0.4700 742.9000 1173603.0000 6.8400 673.8000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.4842 11.0000 29.0000 3.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.6800 -7.1700 82.0163 -10.7300 11.1300 -3.9300 693.0232 10.0400 -55.3188 1659.0000 8.6600 695.3000 303744.0000 0.8300 0.0000 10.7300 -11.1300 -3.9300 1.2900 1.3500 2.4300 0.3900 755.7000 902500.0000 7.7000 700.4000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.5067 11.0000 30.0000 24.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.6700 -7.1700 82.0196 -13.3800 6.7800 -5.5400 698.5053 15.9733 -60.4720 1659.0000 9.0700 701.3000 276093.0000 1.3100 0.0000 13.3800 -6.7800 -5.5400 1.3000 1.7300 1.3600 0.4000 751.8000 1254684.0000 7.5200 697.8000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.5292 11.0000 31.0000 45.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.6600 -7.1700 82.0229 -15.6200 2.4600 -1.3100 660.7352 -37.9821 -61.7453 1659.0000 8.7600 664.7000 149585.0000 -3.2900 5.3300 15.6200 -2.4600 -1.3100 0.9400 3.0400 1.6000 0.4800 738.6000 1182958.0000 7.6300 672.1000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.5517 11.0000 33.0000 6.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.6400 -7.1700 82.0162 -15.2800 -1.9600 -0.2500 675.2561 -14.1446 -75.4007 1659.0000 9.2600 679.6000 192776.0000 -1.2000 6.3700 15.2800 1.9600 -0.2500 0.4900 3.0800 2.1100 0.4900 750.9000 1238884.0000 8.0600 683.1000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.5742 11.0000 34.0000 27.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.6300 -7.1700 82.0195 -10.4200 6.4100 -7.4000 720.2465 7.4170 -43.5498 1659.0000 8.8800 721.6000 295636.0000 0.5900 0.0000 10.4200 -6.4100 -7.4000 2.2700 3.8800 3.3500 0.4100 725.7000 1575892.0000 7.2700 719.6000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.5967 11.0000 35.0000 48.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.6200 -7.1700 82.0228 -14.6000 4.9500 1.0800 680.2297 -27.0830 -6.5351 1659.0000 9.4900 680.8000 315230.0000 -2.2800 0.5500 14.6000 -4.9500 1.0800 0.4900 2.0400 2.0400 0.4800 749.4000 1456972.0000 7.8600 682.3000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.6192 11.0000 37.0000 9.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.6100 -7.1700 82.0261 -13.0700 5.1800 -5.2100 709.2068 -45.6138 -21.5888 1659.0000 8.7300 711.0000 226145.0000 -3.6800 0.0000 13.0700 -5.1800 -5.2100 1.2700 1.6700 2.8700 0.4100 758.4000 721834.0000 7.4900 713.5000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.6417 11.0000 38.0000 30.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.5900 -7.1700 82.0194 -13.0400 8.2000 0.5600 677.6753 -26.9813 -34.7128 1659.0000 9.2900 679.1000 258681.0000 -2.2800 2.9300 13.0400 -8.2000 0.5600 2.7200 3.6100 1.2000 0.4000 722.4000 1141794.0000 7.3600 665.4000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.6642 11.0000 39.0000 51.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.5800 -7.1700 82.0227 -15.1500 3.3800 -0.6900 682.8207 1.4301 -54.5787 1659.0000 9.6000 685.0000 243141.0000 0.1200 4.5700 15.1500 -3.3800 -0.6900 1.0700 3.3000 1.4700 0.4400 742.6000 1282543.0000 8.1300 683.3000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.6867 11.0000 41.0000 12.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.5700 -7.1700 82.0260 -14.0200 3.6400 -6.1600 685.8970 -17.0025 -86.1890 1659.0000 9.5900 691.5000 273286.0000 -1.4200 7.1600 14.0200 -3.6400 -6.1600 0.6300 1.3800 1.4600 0.4400 752.5000 1201877.0000 7.6100 690.2000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.7092 11.0000 42.0000 33.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.5600 -7.1700 82.0293 -13.0400 6.3800 -5.7400 687.2636 -20.0373 -76.5142 1659.0000 8.7700 691.8000 266685.0000 -1.6700 0.0000 13.0400 -6.3800 -5.7400 0.8000 1.7100 1.2800 0.3500 770.6000 1240963.0000 7.1900 696.0000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.7317 11.0000 43.0000 54.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.5500 -7.1700 82.0326 -10.8800 8.5200 -6.3200 710.8139 8.4365 -68.9493 1659.0000 9.2300 714.2000 293297.0000 0.6800 0.0000 10.8800 -8.5200 -6.3200 1.3700 1.5500 1.6800 0.4700 757.4000 1410402.0000 7.4000 713.0000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.7542 11.0000 45.0000 15.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.5400 -7.1700 82.0359 -10.2900 8.2600 -7.8200 706.5327 8.6324 -58.4644 1659.0000 9.5800 709.0000 293297.0000 0.7000 0.0000 10.2900 -8.2600 -7.8200 0.6800 1.1100 1.1100 0.3800 753.9000 722873.0000 7.9800 709.7000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.7767 11.0000 46.0000 36.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.5200 -7.1700 82.0292 -15.3100 2.6700 -2.9900 663.7146 -40.3620 -45.5643 1659.0000 8.9000 666.5000 213203.0000 -3.4800 3.9200 15.3100 -2.6700 -2.9900 0.4400 1.5700 1.2300 0.4500 728.6000 780254.0000 7.0600 670.0000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.7992 11.0000 47.0000 57.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.5100 -7.1700 82.0325 -15.6500 1.5100 -3.1700 672.6968 -17.1452 -73.3397 1659.0000 9.1100 676.9000 242153.0000 -1.4600 6.2200 15.6500 -1.5100 -3.1700 0.4400 1.1000 1.1800 0.4300 736.0000 1274435.0000 7.6300 675.9000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.8217 11.0000 49.0000 18.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.5000 -7.1700 82.0358 -15.5200 3.8100 -0.9700 664.7125 -15.7809 -39.9682 1659.0000 9.0900 666.1000 205614.0000 -1.3600 3.4400 15.5200 -3.8100 -0.9700 0.3000 1.0700 1.1700 0.4300 724.1000 848238.0000 7.2600 670.0000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.8442 11.0000 50.0000 39.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.4900 -7.1700 82.0391 -15.7600 3.2400 -2.5700 663.7168 -26.8897 -63.6101 1659.0000 9.3800 667.3000 162371.0000 -2.3200 5.4700 15.7600 -3.2400 -2.5700 0.3000 1.0900 0.9800 0.4500 731.7000 1198967.0000 8.0500 671.7000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.8667 11.0000 52.0000 0.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.4700 -7.1700 82.0324 -15.7900 1.4800 -3.5100 673.3423 -19.9843 -72.2291 1659.0000 9.6600 677.5000 284825.0000 -1.7000 6.1200 15.7900 -1.4800 -3.5100 0.2400 0.6300 0.9600 0.4100 729.8000 910400.0000 7.8400 679.4000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.8892 11.0000 53.0000 21.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.4600 -7.1700 82.0357 -13.2800 8.9000 1.2100 690.0699 14.4549 -73.2760 1659.0000 9.1300 694.1000 266374.0000 1.2000 6.0600 13.2800 -8.9000 1.2100 1.0400 1.7200 2.2000 0.4300 739.1000 1067781.0000 7.5500 692.4000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.9117 11.0000 54.0000 42.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.4500 -7.1700 82.0390 -12.0100 10.2100 -1.4900 695.8640 14.8193 -67.6324 1659.0000 9.8100 699.3000 302392.0000 1.2200 5.5500 12.0100 -10.2100 -1.4900 1.0900 2.5500 3.4500 0.4200 757.6000 1051149.0000 8.1600 697.9000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.9342 11.0000 56.0000 3.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.4400 -7.1700 82.0423 -9.1900 10.4300 -7.4800 720.7546 23.2802 -69.7927 1659.0000 10.0800 724.5000 328952.0000 1.8500 0.0000 9.1900 -10.4300 -7.4800 1.3900 1.4400 1.2000 0.4400 750.1000 787738.0000 8.1200 723.5000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.9567 11.0000 57.0000 24.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.4300 -7.1700 82.0455 -10.1500 9.5400 -7.1300 706.7214 1.9735 -68.1245 1659.0000 9.6900 710.0000 304368.0000 0.1600 0.0000 10.1500 -9.5400 -7.1300 1.3700 1.0200 2.1500 0.5400 754.0000 1093769.0000 7.9800 710.7000
1977.0000 259.0000 11.9792 11.0000 58.0000 45.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.4100 -7.1700 82.0389 -9.4500 7.7500 -9.8400 709.5124 17.8357 -68.1398 1659.0000 9.3100 713.0000 277184.0000 1.4400 0.0000 9.4500 -7.7500 -9.8400 0.8800 0.9600 1.4100 0.4400 754.4000 853227.0000 7.8200 716.8000
1977.0000 259.0000 12.0017 12.0000 0.0000 6.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.4000 -7.1700 82.0421 -9.3600 9.7500 -8.4000 716.5349 16.7610 -68.5336 1659.0000 9.6800 720.0000 304472.0000 1.3400 0.0000 9.3600 -9.7500 -8.4000 0.9700 0.9000 1.1000 0.5200 746.4000 1147407.0000 8.0200 718.6000
1977.0000 259.0000 12.0242 12.0000 1.0000 27.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.3900 -7.1700 82.0455 -5.9100 14.2700 -5.2200 724.8217 43.3162 -69.1496 1659.0000 9.6000 729.4000 302029.0000 3.4200 5.4400 5.9100 -14.2700 -5.2200 1.2700 0.9600 0.6500 0.4200 753.0000 944080.0000 8.0900 724.2000
1977.0000 259.0000 12.0467 12.0000 2.0000 48.0000 0.7400 164.5700 348.3800 -7.1700 82.0487 -7.0100 13.5900 -5.6100 738.2798 43.9912 -54.5716 1659.0000 8.9200 741.6000 219804.0000 3.4100 4.2200 7.0100 -13.5900 -5.6100 2.0400 1.4700 0.9800 0.4700 756.1000 1233478.0000 7.0100 737.2000
1977.0000 259.0000 12.0692 12.0000 4.0000 9.0000 0.7400 164.5800 348.3600 -7.1700 82.0420 -11.0700 10.4500 -6.0200 696.2667 14.9494 -96.6373 1659.0000 9.4400 703.1000 295012.0000 1.2300 7.9000 11.0700 -10.4500 -6.0200 0.9300 1.7100 2.2400 0.4600 740.6000 1346785.0000 8.0400 703.9000
1977.0000 259.0000 12.0917 12.0000 5.0000 30.0000 0.7400 164.5800 348.3500 -7.1700 82.0453 -12.4300 8.1500 -6.7800 691.7608 -2.2940 -81.0801 1659.0000 9.9000 696.5000 298182.0000 -0.1900 0.0000 12.4300 -8.1500 -6.7800 0.6700 1.8800 1.6500 0.4300 733.7000 791273.0000 8.1000 692.7000
1977.0000 259.0000 12.1142 12.0000 6.0000 51.0000 0.7400 164.5800 348.3400 -7.1700 82.0486 -9.1900 12.8800 -3.4100 703.4978 26.0420 -67.4135 1659.0000 9.8200 707.2000 275053.0000 2.1200 5.4700 9.1900 -12.8800 -3.4100 1.3900 1.2200 1.2900 0.4800 754.6000 844703.0000 8.1800 709.0000
1977.0000 259.0000 12.1367 12.0000 8.0000 12.0000 0.7400 164.5800 348.3300 -7.1700 82.0519 -9.8400 7.9000 -10.0400 700.3672 -13.0809 -71.2149 1659.0000 9.1400 704.1000 280303.0000 -1.0700 0.0000 9.8400 -7.9000 -10.0400 2.2800 2.6500 1.3200 0.4800 752.7000 1280048.0000 7.7500 703.1000
1977.0000 259.0000 12.1592 12.0000 9.0000 33.0000 0.7400 164.5800 348.3200 -7.1700 82.0552 -11.9800 8.0000 -7.2600 695.0892 0.7279 -74.7745 1659.0000 10.2500 699.1000 276717.0000 0.0600 0.0000 11.9800 -8.0000 -7.2600 1.0000 1.8100 1.9400 0.4600 740.0000 1200214.0000 8.4600 697.1000
1977.0000 259.0000 12.1817 12.0000 10.0000 54.0000 0.7400 164.5800 348.3000 -7.1700 82.0485 -10.9400 9.3200 -7.1500 705.2181 8.7394 -80.0439 1659.0000 10.4600 709.8000 297663.0000 0.7100 0.0000 10.9400 -9.3200 -7.1500 1.0200 0.8400 1.2200 0.4900 750.0000 1494395.0000 8.7800 707.4000
1977.0000 259.0000 12.2042 12.0000 12.0000 15.0000 0.7400 164.5800 348.2900 -7.1700 82.0518 -9.0500 12.3500 -4.4800 709.4701 23.4116 -84.7709 1659.0000 10.1000 714.9000 277964.0000 1.8900 6.8100 9.0500 -12.3500 -4.4800 2.1500 1.6200 1.4300 0.4300 750.6000 887947.0000 8.1200 716.8000
1977.0000 259.0000 12.2267 12.0000 13.0000 36.0000 0.7400 164.5800 348.2800 -7.1700 82.0551 -14.4800 6.5600 -3.7300 663.0964 -27.7920 -49.2034 1659.0000 10.0500 665.5000 222454.0000 -2.4000 4.2400 14.4800 -6.5600 -3.7300 0.5700 1.4700 1.9200 0.3600 730.4000 918092.0000 8.4000 674.5000
1977.0000 259.0000 12.2492 12.0000 14.0000 57.0000 0.7400 164.5800 348.2700 -7.1700 82.0584 -1.2300 13.8700 -6.8300 742.2217 21.7693 -98.1529 1659.0000 9.4900 749.0000 241997.0000 1.6800 7.5300 1.2300 -13.8700 -6.8300 2.8300 1.1200 1.0300 0.4400 749.8000 760919.0000 7.2800 746.1000
1977.0000 259.0000 12.2717 12.0000 16.0000 18.0000 0.7400 164.5800 348.2500 -7.1700 82.0517 -3.5300 14.3500 -6.2100 730.1306 32.8997 -83.2723 1659.0000 9.7200 735.6000 260656.0000 2.5800 6.5000 3.5300 -14.3500 -6.2100 1.5500 0.8700 0.6600 0.4500 750.2000 1324539.0000 7.7000 734.3000
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1977.0000 259.0000 12.3617 12.0000 21.0000 42.0000 0.7400 164.5800 348.2100 -7.1700 82.0649 -15.7100 2.9700 -2.7800 672.4435 -12.6768 -49.7440 1659.0000 10.7200 674.4000 348287.0000 -1.0800 4.2300 15.7100 -2.9700 -2.7800 1.0700 2.2800 2.0500 0.5300 746.8000 1382959.0000 8.6600 677.8000
1977.0000 259.0000 12.3842 12.0000 23.0000 3.0000 0.7400 164.5800 348.1900 -7.1700 82.0582 -15.6700 3.7000 -0.6000 661.9193 -35.6165 -55.5468 1659.0000 11.0100 665.2000 259357.0000 -3.0800 4.7900 15.6700 -3.7000 -0.6000 0.4400 2.2500 2.3900 0.4200 750.6000 992937.0000 8.7600 664.4000
1977.0000 259.0000 12.4067 12.0000 24.0000 24.0000 0.7400 164.5800 348.1800 -7.1700 82.0615 -15.6700 2.5500 -2.7600 666.2144 -46.9368 -64.7788 1659.0000 10.5600 671.0000 366322.0000 -4.0300 5.5400 15.6700 -2.5500 -2.7600 0.2800 0.8500 1.2200 0.5400 743.9000 1337845.0000 8.4700 675.8000
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1977.0000 259.0000 12.4967 12.0000 29.0000 48.0000 0.7400 164.5800 348.1300 -7.1700 82.0647 -8.3500 5.0800 -12.5200 708.5656 -31.6801 -80.2598 1659.0000 10.5000 713.8000 268453.0000 -2.5600 0.0000 8.3500 -5.0800 -12.5200 1.2100 0.7000 1.5700 0.4200 755.5000 969860.0000 8.1300 711.5000
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1977.0000 259.0000 12.7442 12.0000 44.0000 39.0000 0.7400 164.5800 348.0000 -7.1700 82.0810 -15.2900 4.2400 4.0500 687.8092 10.2046 -4.5623 1659.0000 11.2000 687.9000 290438.0000 0.8500 0.3800 15.2900 -4.2400 4.0500 1.9800 2.7100 4.2400 0.4800 736.0000 1205204.0000 9.1000 686.5000
1977.0000 259.0000 12.7667 12.0000 46.0000 0.0000 0.7400 164.5800 347.9900 -7.1700 82.0843 -15.5500 6.5900 2.9100 680.1937 0.3561 -26.2493 1659.0000 13.0700 680.7000 342777.0000 0.0300 2.2100 15.5500 -6.5900 2.9100 0.8900 1.7400 1.9400 0.4200 730.1000 872146.0000 10.3800 684.9000
1977.0000 259.0000 12.7892 12.0000 47.0000 21.0000 0.7400 164.5800 347.9700 -7.1700 82.0776 -11.1100 12.7700 1.4000 676.8163 -10.1597 3.1898 1659.0000 11.2000 676.9000 260189.0000 -0.8600 -0.2700 11.1100 -12.7700 1.4000 1.7300 2.0000 1.8700 0.3700 741.7000 879839.0000 9.2600 675.5000
1977.0000 259.0000 12.8117 12.0000 48.0000 42.0000 0.7400 164.5800 347.9600 -7.1700 82.0809 -14.4400 5.3800 5.1600 662.7445 -50.2973 -8.1206 1659.0000 11.9900 664.7000 234825.0000 -4.3400 0.7000 14.4400 -5.3800 5.1600 1.0900 4.4600 4.0200 0.3700 722.0000 912063.0000 9.7700 670.2000
1977.0000 259.0000 12.8342 12.0000 50.0000 3.0000 0.7400 164.5800 347.9500 -7.1700 82.0842 -15.5800 6.1500 4.3800 661.7410 -41.4013 -18.7519 1659.0000 11.5600 663.3000 245687.0000 -3.5800 1.6200 15.5800 -6.1500 4.3800 0.6800 1.7900 0.9500 0.5000 722.1000 1412066.0000 9.8100 663.5000
1977.0000 259.0000 12.8567 12.0000 51.0000 24.0000 0.7400 164.5800 347.9400 -7.1700 82.0875 -15.2700 -0.5300 7.6700 667.7949 -69.4811 -0.5859 1659.0000 10.6600 671.4000 247351.0000 -5.9400 0.0500 15.2700 0.5300 7.6700 0.4000 1.8700 0.9400 0.3900 732.6000 602706.0000 9.1900 679.0000
1977.0000 259.0000 12.8792 12.0000 52.0000 45.0000 0.7400 164.5800 347.9300 -7.1700 82.0908 -15.0000 -3.5500 7.6100 670.5906 -72.4942 1.7658 1659.0000 11.4900 674.5000 265230.0000 -6.1700 -0.1500 15.0000 3.5500 7.6100 0.4500 0.8600 0.8300 0.3600 740.9000 791688.0000 9.3500 674.6000
1977.0000 259.0000 12.9017 12.0000 54.0000 6.0000 0.7400 164.5800 347.9100 -7.1700 82.0841 -11.8600 -1.5000 12.1500 689.2734 -74.6356 23.4838 1659.0000 10.9700 693.7000 276717.0000 -6.1800 -1.9400 11.8600 1.5000 12.1500 1.1700 2.0700 2.0200 0.4200 722.2000 894184.0000 9.2600 693.5000
1977.0000 259.0000 12.9242 12.0000 55.0000 27.0000 0.7400 164.5800 347.9000 -7.1700 82.0874 -12.9000 -4.9300 10.2800 684.0979 -84.7239 19.4954 1659.0000 10.5500 689.6000 262475.0000 -7.0600 -1.6200 12.9000 4.9300 10.2800 0.5000 0.4900 0.5900 0.4600 738.5000 845535.0000 8.9400 691.3000
1977.0000 259.0000 12.9467 12.0000 56.0000 48.0000 0.7400 164.5800 347.8900 -7.1700 82.0907 -9.6000 -7.9300 11.1000 701.5632 -100.0971 24.7472 1659.0000 11.1000 709.1000 279471.0000 -8.1200 -2.0000 9.6000 7.9300 11.1000 1.2400 1.5200 1.3300 0.3500 744.3000 1409571.0000 9.0300 712.5000
1977.0000 259.0000 12.9692 12.0000 58.0000 9.0000 0.7400 164.5800 347.8800 -7.1700 82.0940 -12.0900 -6.0400 9.9000 684.5676 -104.1423 8.8228 1659.0000 11.5700 692.5000 307746.0000 -8.6500 -0.7300 12.0900 6.0400 9.9000 1.4600 1.6500 1.9300 0.3000 743.0000 933061.0000 9.3800 694.1000
1977.0000 259.0000 12.9917 12.0000 59.0000 30.0000 0.7400 164.5800 347.8700 -7.1700 82.0973 -10.1900 -8.6500 10.2800 694.0685 -108.4400 12.5073 1659.0000 11.5500 702.6000 317725.0000 -8.8800 -1.0200 10.1900 8.6500 10.2800 1.4400 0.7100 0.8600 0.4100 724.2000 843872.0000 9.5900 705.4000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.0142 13.0000 0.0000 51.0000 0.7400 164.5800 347.8500 -7.1700 82.0906 -7.5800 -9.9000 11.1500 714.4947 -107.8021 27.3799 1659.0000 11.2600 723.1000 289710.0000 -8.5800 -2.1700 7.5800 9.9000 11.1500 1.0200 0.7300 1.0800 0.4400 748.7000 913519.0000 9.0400 723.3000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.0367 13.0000 2.0000 12.0000 0.7400 164.5800 347.8400 -7.1700 82.0938 -8.2000 -7.7100 12.6100 706.6511 -95.9198 30.8866 1659.0000 10.8900 713.8000 300106.0000 -7.7300 -2.4800 8.2000 7.7100 12.6100 1.0300 1.0400 0.9000 0.4000 719.3000 965286.0000 9.2400 717.2000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.0592 13.0000 3.0000 33.0000 0.7400 164.5800 347.8300 -7.1700 82.0971 -8.4700 -7.6200 12.1900 706.0750 -95.2141 32.3529 1659.0000 11.0800 713.2000 334877.0000 -7.6800 -2.6000 8.4700 7.6200 12.1900 0.6000 0.6200 0.6900 0.4600 725.9000 1332439.0000 8.9900 717.1000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.0817 13.0000 4.0000 54.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.8200 -7.1700 82.1005 -7.1700 -7.0500 13.1900 725.7400 -87.4387 36.5187 1659.0000 12.6900 731.9000 327289.0000 -6.8700 -2.8600 7.1700 7.0500 13.1900 1.3300 1.1100 1.2900 0.3800 717.7000 909984.0000 10.5700 737.1000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.1042 13.0000 6.0000 15.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.8000 -7.1700 82.0937 -1.7600 -11.4800 11.4100 741.9631 -91.2988 22.5788 1659.0000 10.7900 747.9000 279783.0000 0.0000 -1.7300 1.7600 11.4800 11.4100 3.8100 2.1900 1.5000 0.4500 745.2000 957386.0000 8.8500 745.4000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.1267 13.0000 7.0000 36.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.7900 -7.1700 82.0971 -6.2100 -9.9700 11.6500 690.6813 -86.7635 26.1335 1659.0000 11.3400 696.6000 271363.0000 -7.1600 -2.1500 6.2100 9.9700 11.6500 2.2200 0.8800 1.1500 0.3300 722.3000 916845.0000 9.0400 698.6000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.1492 13.0000 8.0000 57.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.7800 -7.1700 82.1003 -6.5000 -7.0600 13.1200 687.5748 -54.9586 27.1011 1659.0000 11.8300 690.3000 275833.0000 -4.5700 -2.2500 6.5000 7.0600 13.1200 1.7400 1.5900 1.5000 0.3900 752.4000 693143.0000 9.5500 691.1000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.1717 13.0000 10.0000 18.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.7700 -7.1700 82.1036 -13.8800 -0.4500 8.0300 676.3557 -30.4766 8.8630 1659.0000 11.4300 677.1000 350574.0000 -2.5800 -0.7500 13.8800 0.4500 8.0300 1.0400 3.8700 1.9200 0.4300 723.5000 867364.0000 8.9000 678.1000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.1942 13.0000 11.0000 39.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.7600 -7.1700 82.1069 -13.0000 -3.4000 8.8400 680.3331 -61.3166 3.5767 1659.0000 8.0800 683.1000 282590.0000 -5.1500 -0.3000 13.0000 3.4000 8.8400 1.3200 1.9400 1.1900 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 6.9400 681.8000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.2167 13.0000 13.0000 0.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.7400 -7.1700 82.1002 -14.2500 -2.8100 7.6300 669.7653 -60.0106 -8.3333 1659.0000 10.7900 672.5000 352341.0000 -5.1200 0.7100 14.2500 2.8100 7.6300 0.3900 0.6100 1.0000 0.3900 746.8000 1325163.0000 8.6700 674.9000
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1977.0000 259.0000 13.5542 13.0000 33.0000 15.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.5600 -7.1700 82.1197 -7.5400 1.9100 -7.4800 746.9573 -94.0978 -64.2782 1659.0000 9.7400 755.6000 406967.0000 0.0000 4.8800 7.5400 -1.9100 -7.4800 2.8900 4.7000 5.2900 0.0400 966.5000 548028.0000 7.8400 757.8000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.5767 13.0000 34.0000 36.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.5500 -7.1700 82.1230 2.5600 -10.5000 -3.5000 773.7963 -130.4611 -57.2129 1659.0000 9.5900 786.8000 535658.0000 -9.5700 4.1700 -2.5600 10.5000 -3.5000 3.4100 2.4800 2.6900 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 7.8000 788.8000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.5992 13.0000 35.0000 57.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.5400 -7.1700 82.1263 -7.1500 -6.9900 -3.5000 699.5995 -93.4708 -28.7187 1659.0000 10.1500 706.4000 582280.0000 -7.6100 2.3300 7.1500 6.9900 -3.5000 4.1300 3.6100 3.4600 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 8.7200 712.0000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.6217 13.0000 37.0000 18.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.5300 -7.1700 82.1296 -11.8400 -5.4500 1.8700 700.0745 -86.2064 -53.6555 1659.0000 9.4500 707.4000 580876.0000 -7.0200 4.3500 11.8400 5.4500 1.8700 0.7200 1.5800 1.1600 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 8.0800 708.4000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.6442 13.0000 38.0000 39.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.5100 -7.1700 82.1229 -13.0200 -2.5800 0.6400 697.2349 -58.1808 -58.5060 1659.0000 9.8800 702.1000 560658.0000 -4.7700 4.7800 13.0200 2.5800 0.6400 0.6600 2.1700 1.0800 0.4400 776.4000 1269029.0000 8.5200 704.9000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.6667 13.0000 40.0000 0.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.5000 -7.1700 82.1262 -12.1000 -2.6600 -1.6300 691.0823 -58.1533 -59.8219 1659.0000 9.3100 696.1000 458890.0000 -4.8100 4.9300 12.1000 2.6600 -1.6300 1.0200 1.8000 1.6100 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 7.9700 701.6000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.6892 13.0000 41.0000 21.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.4900 -7.1700 82.1295 -12.1900 -5.4400 1.5100 697.8399 -86.4259 -24.5553 1659.0000 9.6100 703.6000 514816.0000 -7.0600 2.0000 12.1900 5.4400 1.5100 0.4000 0.5600 1.1100 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 7.9800 706.6000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.7117 13.0000 42.0000 42.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.4800 -7.1700 82.1328 -12.2100 3.3600 5.3500 0.0000 -0.0000 -0.0000 1659.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 12.2100 -3.3600 5.3500 0.8900 1.2800 1.0800 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.7342 13.0000 44.0000 3.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.4600 -7.1700 82.1261 -10.9500 7.9300 0.0900 697.3876 -9.9815 -32.1594 1659.0000 9.0800 698.2000 537737.0000 -0.8200 2.6400 10.9500 -7.9300 0.0900 0.6700 1.3200 1.2200 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 7.6800 695.0000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.7567 13.0000 45.0000 24.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.4500 -7.1700 82.1294 -9.3900 9.6100 -3.5600 714.1460 -2.2436 -79.8523 1659.0000 8.3100 718.6000 572041.0000 -0.1800 6.3800 9.3900 -9.6100 -3.5600 0.7600 1.0900 0.9100 0.2900 774.1000 1005411.0000 6.8200 718.2000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.7792 13.0000 46.0000 45.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.4400 -7.1700 82.1327 -9.4100 7.9300 -3.8000 709.9376 -20.6984 -89.8500 1659.0000 8.2800 715.9000 552238.0000 -1.6700 7.2100 9.4100 -7.9300 -3.8000 1.3100 1.4800 1.2600 0.2900 790.2000 1102708.0000 7.0000 721.2000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.8017 13.0000 48.0000 6.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.4300 -7.1700 82.1360 -12.1600 5.7100 -1.4700 707.2878 -21.9803 -10.0045 1659.0000 8.8300 707.7000 587789.0000 -1.7800 0.8100 12.1600 -5.7100 -1.4700 0.8900 1.2700 3.2600 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 7.2900 706.3000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.8242 13.0000 49.0000 27.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.4200 -7.1700 82.1393 -11.1000 5.0000 4.9000 702.0134 -15.0728 -13.2373 1659.0000 8.6200 702.3000 547144.0000 -1.2300 1.0800 11.1000 -5.0000 4.9000 0.4800 0.6800 0.4600 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 7.1500 698.7000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.8467 13.0000 50.0000 48.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.4000 -7.1700 82.1326 -9.6000 8.5700 1.0700 705.1714 -10.7084 -25.1209 1659.0000 8.9700 705.7000 625159.0000 -0.8700 2.0400 9.6000 -8.5700 1.0700 1.7700 1.5300 1.2100 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 7.1800 705.5000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.8692 13.0000 52.0000 9.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.3900 -7.1700 82.1359 -11.5500 6.1100 2.7100 699.7296 -17.7120 -18.5734 1659.0000 8.4200 700.2000 541791.0000 -1.4500 1.5200 11.5500 -6.1100 2.7100 0.4700 0.8200 0.7300 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 6.8800 698.6000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.8917 13.0000 53.0000 30.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.3800 -7.1700 82.1392 -9.8000 7.3600 4.5900 708.8070 -7.1754 -28.0983 1659.0000 8.6900 709.4000 584671.0000 -0.5800 2.2700 9.8000 -7.3600 4.5900 0.8300 1.1800 0.8400 0.2900 774.0000 974642.0000 7.0500 710.5000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.9142 13.0000 54.0000 51.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.3700 -7.1700 82.1425 -6.6900 9.7600 0.2100 697.9932 -80.8840 -7.1132 1659.0000 6.9400 702.7000 486749.0000 -6.6100 0.5800 6.6900 -9.7600 0.2100 2.1200 4.3100 2.7700 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 5.6600 703.3000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.9367 13.0000 56.0000 12.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.3600 -7.1700 82.1458 -12.4100 3.0700 2.3600 685.5968 -47.3404 -25.4398 1659.0000 8.0700 687.7000 454784.0000 -3.9500 2.1200 12.4100 -3.0700 2.3600 0.5600 0.9700 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 6.9100 685.2000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.9592 13.0000 57.0000 33.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.3400 -7.1700 82.1391 -12.5100 -4.8300 0.9100 690.7167 -95.7220 -25.9351 1659.0000 8.4500 697.8000 481240.0000 -7.8900 2.1300 12.5100 4.8300 0.9100 0.3300 1.3000 1.2700 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 6.8400 699.6000
1977.0000 259.0000 13.9817 13.0000 58.0000 54.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.3300 -7.1700 82.1423 -13.1000 -0.7900 3.0500 685.4261 -35.4418 -27.6863 1659.0000 8.3800 686.9000 408578.0000 -2.9600 2.3100 13.1000 0.7900 3.0500 0.2600 1.2300 0.8700 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 6.8400 687.8000
1977.0000 259.0000 14.0042 14.0000 0.0000 15.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.3200 -7.1700 82.1457 -11.6700 5.4600 1.4300 690.7020 -53.8743 -0.3627 1659.0000 8.2200 692.8000 452861.0000 -4.4600 0.0300 11.6700 -5.4600 1.4300 1.3600 2.1100 1.9800 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 6.8800 692.7000
1977.0000 259.0000 14.0267 14.0000 1.0000 36.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.3100 -7.1700 82.1490 -11.7700 4.7300 4.3500 689.9903 -16.5015 -23.8607 1659.0000 8.2100 690.6000 435034.0000 -1.3700 1.9800 11.7700 -4.7300 4.3500 0.7200 1.2100 0.9300 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 6.4900 691.2000
1977.0000 259.0000 14.0492 14.0000 2.0000 57.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.2900 -7.1700 82.1423 -12.7800 3.5000 2.1800 677.7275 -56.4339 -17.5708 1659.0000 7.6800 680.3000 348287.0000 -4.7600 1.4800 12.7800 -3.5000 2.1800 0.2200 1.1900 1.2100 0.3300 744.1000 1141586.0000 6.6800 686.5000
1977.0000 259.0000 14.0717 14.0000 4.0000 18.0000 0.7400 164.5900 347.2800 -7.1700 82.1456 -11.9000 3.9900 -3.2300 702.5486 -19.1331 -79.5780 1659.0000 8.4800 707.3000 572872.0000 -1.5600 6.4600 11.9000 -3.9900 -3.2300 0.9400 0.9300 2.1200 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 7.0800 706.7000
1977.0000 259.0000 14.0942 14.0000 5.0000 39.0000 0.7400 164.6000 347.2700 -7.1700 82.1488 -11.5900 5.8200 -0.1700 696.9759 -3.6494 -41.1644 1659.0000 8.2200 698.2000 493662.0000 -0.3000 3.3800 11.5900 -5.8200 -0.1700 0.9100 1.9500 2.1200 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 6.7900 695.7000
1977.0000 259.0000 14.1167 14.0000 7.0000 0.0000 0.7400 164.6000 347.2600 -7.1700 82.1522 -11.2800 7.1400 -0.3800 698.1819 -9.2616 -49.5608 1659.0000 8.3100 700.0000 560866.0000 -0.7600 4.0600 11.2800 -7.1400 -0.3800 0.3500 0.5500 0.5600 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 7.0500 697.4000
1977.0000 259.0000 14.1392 14.0000 8.0000 21.0000 0.7400 164.6000 347.2500 -7.1700 82.1554 -11.6300 6.7500 -1.0600 682.0482 -18.8131 -38.6248 1659.0000 8.2100 683.4000 327029.0000 -1.5800 3.2400 11.6300 -6.7500 -1.0600 0.4200 0.6300 0.7500 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 6.6500 680.4000
1977.0000 259.0000 14.1617 14.0000 9.0000 42.0000 0.7400 164.6000 347.2300 -7.1700 82.1488 -12.4300 5.6800 -0.4500 690.1057 -6.0225 -53.4663 1659.0000 8.8900 692.2000 437632.0000 -0.5000 4.4300 12.4300 -5.6800 -0.4500 0.4400 0.6900 0.4900 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 7.2900 697.7000
1977.0000 259.0000 14.1956 14.0000 11.0000 44.0000 0.7400 164.6000 347.2200 -7.1700 82.1588 -9.7400 7.2800 -4.2600 707.1432 4.0729 -64.6050 1659.0000 8.6200 710.1000 526718.0000 0.3300 5.2200 9.7400 -7.2800 -4.2600 0.7200 0.9700 0.5900 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 6.9600 708.6000
1977.0000 259.0000 14.2011 14.0000 12.0000 4.0000 0.7400 164.6000 347.2100 -7.1700 82.1520 -9.2200 7.4100 -4.6600 705.7242 -9.7312 -80.7891 1659.0000 8.8900 710.4000 568038.0000 -0.7900 6.5300 9.2200 -7.4100 -4.6600 0.7000 1.0400 0.7800 0.3400 786.8000 731813.0000 7.3200 707.3000
1977.0000 259.0000 14.2125 14.0000 12.0000 45.0000 0.7400 164.5600 347.1700 -7.2200 82.1188 -9.2100 4.3900 -5.8100 0.0000 -0.0000 -0.0000 1660.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 9.2100 -4.3900 -5.8100 1.2700 2.3900 2.3800 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1977.0000 259.0000 14.2236 14.0000 13.0000 25.0000 0.7400 164.5600 347.1700 -7.2200 82.1254 -12.1700 3.0400 1.8000 0.0000 -0.0000 -0.0000 1660.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 12.1700 -3.0400 1.8000 0.4400 1.6200 1.9300 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1977.0000 259.0000 14.2425 14.0000 14.0000 33.0000 0.7400 164.6000 347.1900 -7.1700 82.1565 -4.0200 8.4700 -6.9600 786.3975 -18.8071 -120.5107 1659.0000 9.0100 795.8000 683424.0000 -1.3700 8.7100 4.0200 -8.4700 -6.9600 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 7.2500 799.9000
1977.0000 259.0000 14.9625 14.0000 57.0000 45.0000 0.7400 164.6000 346.8000 -7.1700 82.1920 -8.5100 7.8700 4.9800 691.1939 -14.9612 -14.1197 1659.0000 8.9000 691.5000 533891.0000 -1.2400 1.1700 8.5100 -7.8700 4.9800 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3500 746.8000 1076097.0000 7.2800 693.7000
1977.0000 259.0000 15.6825 15.0000 40.0000 57.0000 0.7400 164.6100 346.4100 -7.1700 82.2276 -5.5800 11.8100 -2.5700 712.5097 6.8398 -50.0758 1659.0000 8.7900 714.3000 593922.0000 0.5500 4.0200 5.5800 -11.8100 -2.5700 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3300 763.9000 911855.0000 7.0700 713.9000
1977.0000 259.0000 16.4025 16.0000 24.0000 9.0000 0.7400 164.6200 346.0200 -7.1700 82.2631 -8.4700 2.2100 8.9600 707.1710 -14.8131 30.8825 1659.0000 7.5700 708.0000 469389.0000 0.0000 -2.5000 8.4700 -2.2100 8.9600 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3500 748.3000 878799.0000 6.0800 708.0000
1977.0000 259.0000 17.1225 17.0000 7.0000 21.0000 0.7400 164.6300 345.6300 -7.1700 82.2987 -0.0000 -0.0000 0.0000 662.7205 -34.1518 -0.3475 1659.0000 6.3800 663.6000 226041.0000 -2.9500 0.0300 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1300 736.5000 844287.0000 5.0100 664.4000
1977.0000 259.0000 17.8425 17.0000 50.0000 33.0000 0.7400 164.6300 345.2400 -7.1700 82.3342 -0.0000 -0.0000 0.0000 699.6556 28.8350 -62.1261 1659.0000 5.4400 703.0000 276249.0000 2.3600 5.0700 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1800 744.1000 798133.0000 4.6100 699.7000
1977.0000 259.0000 18.5625 18.0000 33.0000 45.0000 0.7400 164.6400 344.8500 -7.1700 82.3697 -0.0000 -0.0000 0.0000 727.0162 32.3779 -63.4768 1659.0000 4.2100 730.5000 315646.0000 2.5500 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.2500 759.7000 1209362.0000 3.5900 732.8000
1977.0000 259.0000 19.2825 19.0000 16.0000 57.0000 0.7400 164.6500 344.4700 -7.1700 82.4152 -0.0000 -0.0000 0.0000 731.4235 20.6860 -62.7302 1659.0000 4.9300 734.4000 344648.0000 0.0000 4.9000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1700 774.0000 1448240.0000 4.3000 734.7000
1977.0000 259.0000 20.0025 20.0000 0.0000 9.0000 0.7400 164.6500 344.0800 -7.1800 82.4508 -0.0000 -0.0000 0.0000 683.4498 8.2310 0.9543 1659.0000 4.7100 683.5000 240334.0000 0.6900 -0.0800 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1900 740.6000 1408531.0000 3.8900 679.6000
1977.0000 259.0000 20.7225 20.0000 43.0000 21.0000 0.7400 164.6600 343.6900 -7.1800 82.4863 -0.0000 -0.0000 0.0000 685.8996 -21.5553 22.2853 1659.0000 4.6900 686.6000 283370.0000 -1.8000 -1.8600 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1500 756.8000 697509.0000 3.9100 688.2000
1977.0000 259.0000 21.4425 21.0000 26.0000 33.0000 0.7300 164.6700 343.3000 -7.1800 82.5218 -0.0000 -0.0000 0.0000 776.5624 62.4807 31.2908 1659.0000 4.0700 779.7000 275885.0000 4.6000 -2.3000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1600 771.9000 938051.0000 3.1100 775.1000
1977.0000 259.0000 22.1625 22.0000 9.0000 45.0000 0.7300 164.6800 342.9100 -7.1800 82.5574 -0.0000 -0.0000 0.0000 701.6526 14.2075 26.5923 1659.0000 3.9600 702.3000 234617.0000 1.1600 -2.1700 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1400 761.6000 800628.0000 3.3400 702.8000
1977.0000 259.0000 22.8825 22.0000 52.0000 57.0000 0.7300 164.6800 342.5200 -7.1800 82.5929 -0.0000 -0.0000 0.0000 713.8646 -28.0478 -26.3213 1659.0000 4.9900 714.9000 240022.0000 -2.2500 2.1100 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1600 782.4000 827239.0000 3.9000 718.7000
1977.0000 259.0000 23.6025 23.0000 36.0000 9.0000 0.7300 164.6900 342.1300 -7.1800 82.6284 -0.0000 -0.0000 0.0000 713.7147 4.7336 -9.9662 1659.0000 5.1400 713.8000 183525.0000 0.3800 0.8000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1900 760.6000 918508.0000 4.1000 710.6000
| it |
log-files | 883988 | ! Started logfile: 1657-261_S.log on Thu Jul 19 21:22:24 2007
observe 1657-261_S.edt
! Reading UV FITS file: 1657-261_S.edt
! AN table 1: 18 integrations on 171 of 171 possible baselines.
! AN table 2: 9 integrations on 171 of 171 possible baselines.
! AN table 3: 15 integrations on 171 of 171 possible baselines.
! AN table 4: 81 integrations on 171 of 171 possible baselines.
! Apparent sampling: 0.0948034 visibilities/baseline/integration-bin.
! *** This seems a bit low - see "help observe" on the binwid argument.
! Found source: 1657-261
! Warning: Unknown AN-table MNTSTA value (3).
! Will assume that it is ground-based.
! Warning: Unknown AN-table MNTSTA value (3).
! Will assume that it is ground-based.
! Warning: Unknown AN-table MNTSTA value (3).
! Will assume that it is ground-based.
! Warning: Unknown AN-table MNTSTA value (3).
! Will assume that it is ground-based.
!
! There are 4 IFs, and a total of 4 channels:
!
! IF Channel Frequency Freq offset Number of Overall IF
! origin at origin per channel channels bandwidth
! ------------------------------------------------------------- (Hz)
! 01 1 2.23697e+09 8e+06 1 8e+06
! 02 2 2.26697e+09 8e+06 1 8e+06
! 03 3 2.35697e+09 8e+06 1 8e+06
! 04 4 2.37697e+09 8e+06 1 8e+06
!
! Polarization(s): RR
!
! Read 1332 lines of history.
!
! Reading 7976 visibilities.
![@gonzo5-0.4 1657-261_S]
print "***********************************"
! ***********************************
print "*** Using gonzo instruction set ***"
! *** Using gonzo instruction set ***
print "***********************************"
! ***********************************
float field_size
field_size = 1024
float field_cell
field_cell = 0.4
integer clean_niter
clean_niter = 50
float clean_gain
clean_gain = 0.03
float dynam
dynam = 5.0
float win_mult
win_mult = 1.8
float solint
solint = 3.6/6.0
logical doflt
doflt = true
logical doamp
float new_peak
float flux_cutoff
mapsize field_size,field_cell
! Map grid = 1024x1024 pixels with 0.400x0.400 milli-arcsec cellsize.
select
! Selecting polarization: RR, channels: 1..4
! Reading IF 1 channels: 1..1
! Reading IF 2 channels: 2..2
! Reading IF 3 channels: 3..3
! Reading IF 4 channels: 4..4
startmod
! Applying default point source starting model.
! Performing phase self-cal
! Adding 1 model components to the UV plane model.
! The established model now contains 1 components and 1 Jy
!
! Correcting IF 1.
! A total of 342 telescope corrections were flagged in sub-array 1.
! A total of 171 telescope corrections were flagged in sub-array 2.
! A total of 207 telescope corrections were flagged in sub-array 3.
! A total of 1105 telescope corrections were flagged in sub-array 4.
!
! Correcting IF 2.
! A total of 342 telescope corrections were flagged in sub-array 1.
! A total of 171 telescope corrections were flagged in sub-array 2.
! A total of 201 telescope corrections were flagged in sub-array 3.
! A total of 1088 telescope corrections were flagged in sub-array 4.
!
! Correcting IF 3.
! A total of 342 telescope corrections were flagged in sub-array 1.
! A total of 171 telescope corrections were flagged in sub-array 2.
! A total of 218 telescope corrections were flagged in sub-array 3.
! A total of 1107 telescope corrections were flagged in sub-array 4.
!
! Correcting IF 4.
! A total of 342 telescope corrections were flagged in sub-array 1.
! A total of 171 telescope corrections were flagged in sub-array 2.
! A total of 226 telescope corrections were flagged in sub-array 3.
! A total of 1159 telescope corrections were flagged in sub-array 4.
!
! Fit before self-cal, rms=0.824462Jy sigma=0.010799
! Fit after self-cal, rms=0.824451Jy sigma=0.010798
! clrmod: Cleared the established, tentative and continuum models.
! Redundant starting model cleared.
uvweight 2,-1
! Uniform weighting binwidth: 2 (pixels).
! Gridding weights will be scaled by errors raised to the power -1.
! Radial weighting is not currently selected.
doamp = false
flux_cutoff = imstat(rms) * dynam
! Inverting map and beam
! Estimated beam: bmin=3.078 mas, bmaj=8.589 mas, bpa=-11.76 degrees
! Estimated noise=1811.96 mJy/beam.
repeat
if (peak(flux) > flux_cutoff) peakwin win_mult
clean clean_niter,clean_gain
flux_cutoff = imstat(rms) * dynam
selfcal doamp, doflt, solint
new_peak = peak(flux)
until(new_peak<=flux_cutoff)
! Added new window around map position (0, 0).
! clean: niter=50 gain=0.03 cutoff=0
! Component: 050 - total flux cleaned = 0.136743 Jy
! Total flux subtracted in 50 components = 0.136743 Jy
! Clean residual min=-0.009573 max=0.038138 Jy/beam
! Clean residual mean=-0.000056 rms=0.002813 Jy/beam
! Combined flux in latest and established models = 0.136743 Jy
! Performing phase self-cal over 0.6 minute time intervals
! Adding 1 model components to the UV plane model.
! The established model now contains 1 components and 0.136743 Jy
!
! Correcting IF 1.
!
! Correcting IF 2.
!
! Correcting IF 3.
!
! Correcting IF 4.
!
! Fit before self-cal, rms=0.081146Jy sigma=0.001053
! Fit after self-cal, rms=0.081146Jy sigma=0.001053
! Inverting map
! clean: niter=50 gain=0.03 cutoff=0
! Component: 050 - total flux cleaned = 0.029818 Jy
! Total flux subtracted in 50 components = 0.029818 Jy
! Clean residual min=-0.006168 max=0.008316 Jy/beam
! Clean residual mean=-0.000033 rms=0.001709 Jy/beam
! Combined flux in latest and established models = 0.166561 Jy
! Performing phase self-cal over 0.6 minute time intervals
! Adding 1 model components to the UV plane model.
! The established model now contains 1 components and 0.166561 Jy
!
! Correcting IF 1.
!
! Correcting IF 2.
!
! Correcting IF 3.
!
! Correcting IF 4.
!
! Fit before self-cal, rms=0.070598Jy sigma=0.000923
! Fit after self-cal, rms=0.070598Jy sigma=0.000923
! Inverting map
print "****************************************"
! ****************************************
print "*** Finished Uniform Weighting CLEAN ***"
! *** Finished Uniform Weighting CLEAN ***
print "****************************************"
! ****************************************
uvweight 0,-1
! Uniform weighting is not currently selected.
! Gridding weights will be scaled by errors raised to the power -1.
! Radial weighting is not currently selected.
win_mult = win_mult * 1.6
clean_niter = clean_niter * 2
dynam = dynam - 0.5
doamp = false
flux_cutoff = imstat(rms) * dynam
! Inverting map and beam
! Estimated beam: bmin=4.7 mas, bmaj=13.1 mas, bpa=-13.39 degrees
! Estimated noise=910.819 mJy/beam.
repeat
if (peak(flux) > flux_cutoff) peakwin win_mult
clean clean_niter,clean_gain
flux_cutoff = imstat(rms) * dynam
selfcal doamp, doflt, solint
new_peak = peak(flux)
until(new_peak<=flux_cutoff)
! clean: niter=100 gain=0.03 cutoff=0
! Component: 050 - total flux cleaned = 0.0101312 Jy
! Component: 100 - total flux cleaned = 0.0146418 Jy
! Total flux subtracted in 100 components = 0.0146418 Jy
! Clean residual min=-0.004605 max=0.005987 Jy/beam
! Clean residual mean=-0.000060 rms=0.001442 Jy/beam
! Combined flux in latest and established models = 0.181202 Jy
! Performing phase self-cal over 0.6 minute time intervals
! Adding 31 model components to the UV plane model.
! The established model now contains 31 components and 0.181202 Jy
!
! Correcting IF 1.
!
! Correcting IF 2.
!
! Correcting IF 3.
!
! Correcting IF 4.
!
! Fit before self-cal, rms=0.069316Jy sigma=0.000908
! Fit after self-cal, rms=0.069317Jy sigma=0.000908
! Inverting map
print "****************************************"
! ****************************************
print "*** Finished Natural Weighting CLEAN ***"
! *** Finished Natural Weighting CLEAN ***
print "****************************************"
! ****************************************
gscale true
! Performing overall amplitude self-cal
!
! Correcting IF 1.
! Telescope amplitude corrections in sub-array 1:
! BR 0.00* FD 0.00* GC 0.00* GG 0.00*
! HN 0.00* KP 0.00* LA 0.00* MA 0.00*
! MK 0.00* NL 0.00* NY 0.00* ON 0.00*
! OV 0.00* PT 0.00* SC 0.00* TC 0.00*
! TS 0.00* WF 0.00* WZ 0.00*
!
! Telescope amplitude corrections in sub-array 2:
! BR 0.00* FD 0.00* GC 0.00* GG 0.00*
! HN 0.00* KP 0.00* LA 0.00* MA 0.00*
! MK 0.00* NL 0.00* NY 0.00* ON 0.00*
! OV 0.00* PT 0.00* SC 0.00* TC 0.00*
! TS 0.00* WF 0.00* WZ 0.00*
!
! Telescope amplitude corrections in sub-array 3:
! BR 0.94 FD 1.13 GC 1.00* GG 1.00*
! HN 1.00* KP 0.89 LA 0.93 MA 1.00*
! MK 0.92 NL 1.00* NY 1.00* ON 1.00*
! OV 0.88 PT 1.00 SC 1.00* TC 1.00*
! TS 1.00* WF 1.00* WZ 1.00*
!
! A total of 15 telescope corrections were flagged in sub-array 4.
! Telescope amplitude corrections in sub-array 4:
! BR 0.93 FD 1.14 GC 1.00* GG 1.00*
! HN 0.99 KP 0.95 LA 1.01 MA 1.00*
! MK 1.00 NL 1.02 NY 1.00* ON 1.00*
! OV 0.94 PT 1.03 SC 1.05 TC 1.00*
! TS 1.00* WF 0.91 WZ 1.00*
!
!
! Correcting IF 2.
! Telescope amplitude corrections in sub-array 1:
! BR 0.00* FD 0.00* GC 0.00* GG 0.00*
! HN 0.00* KP 0.00* LA 0.00* MA 0.00*
! MK 0.00* NL 0.00* NY 0.00* ON 0.00*
! OV 0.00* PT 0.00* SC 0.00* TC 0.00*
! TS 0.00* WF 0.00* WZ 0.00*
!
! Telescope amplitude corrections in sub-array 2:
! BR 0.00* FD 0.00* GC 0.00* GG 0.00*
! HN 0.00* KP 0.00* LA 0.00* MA 0.00*
! MK 0.00* NL 0.00* NY 0.00* ON 0.00*
! OV 0.00* PT 0.00* SC 0.00* TC 0.00*
! TS 0.00* WF 0.00* WZ 0.00*
!
! A total of 3 telescope corrections were flagged in sub-array 3.
! Telescope amplitude corrections in sub-array 3:
! BR 0.90 FD 1.00 GC 1.00* GG 1.00*
! HN 1.00* KP 0.94 LA 1.04 MA 1.00*
! MK 1.22 NL 1.00* NY 1.00* ON 1.00*
! OV 1.10 PT 1.17 SC 1.00* TC 1.00*
! TS 1.00* WF 1.00* WZ 1.00*
!
! A total of 24 telescope corrections were flagged in sub-array 4.
! Telescope amplitude corrections in sub-array 4:
! BR 0.99 FD 1.02 GC 1.00* GG 1.00*
! HN 1.07 KP 1.02 LA 1.03 MA 1.00*
! MK 1.02 NL 1.06 NY 1.00* ON 1.00*
! OV 1.01 PT 1.03 SC 0.97 TC 1.00*
! TS 1.00* WF 0.88 WZ 1.00*
!
!
! Correcting IF 3.
! Telescope amplitude corrections in sub-array 1:
! BR 0.00* FD 0.00* GC 0.00* GG 0.00*
! HN 0.00* KP 0.00* LA 0.00* MA 0.00*
! MK 0.00* NL 0.00* NY 0.00* ON 0.00*
! OV 0.00* PT 0.00* SC 0.00* TC 0.00*
! TS 0.00* WF 0.00* WZ 0.00*
!
! Telescope amplitude corrections in sub-array 2:
! BR 0.00* FD 0.00* GC 0.00* GG 0.00*
! HN 0.00* KP 0.00* LA 0.00* MA 0.00*
! MK 0.00* NL 0.00* NY 0.00* ON 0.00*
! OV 0.00* PT 0.00* SC 0.00* TC 0.00*
! TS 0.00* WF 0.00* WZ 0.00*
!
! A total of 9 telescope corrections were flagged in sub-array 3.
! Telescope amplitude corrections in sub-array 3:
! BR 0.92 FD 0.94 GC 1.00* GG 1.00*
! HN 1.00* KP 0.94 LA 0.81 MA 1.00*
! MK 1.00 NL 1.00* NY 1.00* ON 1.00*
! OV 1.09 PT 1.05 SC 1.00* TC 1.00*
! TS 1.00* WF 1.00* WZ 1.00*
!
! A total of 18 telescope corrections were flagged in sub-array 4.
! Telescope amplitude corrections in sub-array 4:
! BR 0.98 FD 0.96 GC 1.00* GG 1.00*
! HN 1.06 KP 0.93 LA 0.93 MA 1.00*
! MK 1.00 NL 1.05 NY 1.00* ON 1.00*
! OV 0.99 PT 1.05 SC 1.05 TC 1.00*
! TS 1.00* WF 0.96 WZ 1.00*
!
!
! Correcting IF 4.
! Telescope amplitude corrections in sub-array 1:
! BR 0.00* FD 0.00* GC 0.00* GG 0.00*
! HN 0.00* KP 0.00* LA 0.00* MA 0.00*
! MK 0.00* NL 0.00* NY 0.00* ON 0.00*
! OV 0.00* PT 0.00* SC 0.00* TC 0.00*
! TS 0.00* WF 0.00* WZ 0.00*
!
! Telescope amplitude corrections in sub-array 2:
! BR 0.00* FD 0.00* GC 0.00* GG 0.00*
! HN 0.00* KP 0.00* LA 0.00* MA 0.00*
! MK 0.00* NL 0.00* NY 0.00* ON 0.00*
! OV 0.00* PT 0.00* SC 0.00* TC 0.00*
! TS 0.00* WF 0.00* WZ 0.00*
!
! A total of 15 telescope corrections were flagged in sub-array 3.
! Telescope amplitude corrections in sub-array 3:
! BR 1.16 FD 0.86 GC 1.00* GG 1.00*
! HN 1.00* KP 0.86 LA 1.00 MA 1.00*
! MK 1.35 NL 1.00* NY 1.00* ON 1.00*
! OV 1.22 PT 0.96 SC 1.00* TC 1.00*
! TS 1.00* WF 1.00* WZ 1.00*
!
! A total of 18 telescope corrections were flagged in sub-array 4.
! Telescope amplitude corrections in sub-array 4:
! BR 1.00* FD 0.95 GC 1.00* GG 1.00*
! HN 0.99 KP 0.97 LA 0.88 MA 1.00*
! MK 0.89 NL 1.02 NY 1.00* ON 1.00*
! OV 0.90 PT 1.06 SC 0.95 TC 1.00*
! TS 1.00* WF 0.94 WZ 1.00*
!
!
! Fit before self-cal, rms=0.069317Jy sigma=0.000908
! Fit after self-cal, rms=0.067359Jy sigma=0.000884
dynam = dynam - 0.5
doamp = false
flux_cutoff = imstat(rms) * dynam
! Inverting map and beam
! Estimated beam: bmin=4.722 mas, bmaj=13.27 mas, bpa=-12.88 degrees
! Estimated noise=918.296 mJy/beam.
repeat
if (peak(flux) > flux_cutoff) peakwin win_mult
clean clean_niter,clean_gain
flux_cutoff = imstat(rms) * dynam
selfcal doamp, doflt, solint
new_peak = peak(flux)
until(new_peak<=flux_cutoff)
! Added new window around map position (-50, 90.4).
! clean: niter=100 gain=0.03 cutoff=0
! Component: 050 - total flux cleaned = 0.00492293 Jy
! Component: 100 - total flux cleaned = 0.00597941 Jy
! Total flux subtracted in 100 components = 0.00597941 Jy
! Clean residual min=-0.004162 max=0.004014 Jy/beam
! Clean residual mean=-0.000037 rms=0.001075 Jy/beam
! Combined flux in latest and established models = 0.187182 Jy
! Performing phase self-cal over 0.6 minute time intervals
! Adding 23 model components to the UV plane model.
! The established model now contains 54 components and 0.187182 Jy
!
! Correcting IF 1.
!
! Correcting IF 2.
!
! Correcting IF 3.
!
! Correcting IF 4.
!
! Fit before self-cal, rms=0.067069Jy sigma=0.000879
! Fit after self-cal, rms=0.067066Jy sigma=0.000878
! Inverting map
dynam = dynam - 1.0
doamp = true
solint = solint * (6.0/3.6)
flux_cutoff = imstat(rms) * dynam
repeat
if (peak(flux) > flux_cutoff) peakwin win_mult
clean clean_niter,clean_gain
flux_cutoff = imstat(rms) * dynam
selfcal doamp, doflt, solint
new_peak = peak(flux)
until(new_peak<=flux_cutoff)
! clean: niter=100 gain=0.03 cutoff=0
! Component: 050 - total flux cleaned = 0.000770643 Jy
! Component: 100 - total flux cleaned = 0.00090481 Jy
! Total flux subtracted in 100 components = 0.00090481 Jy
! Clean residual min=-0.004074 max=0.003429 Jy/beam
! Clean residual mean=-0.000035 rms=0.001012 Jy/beam
! Combined flux in latest and established models = 0.188087 Jy
! Performing amp+phase self-cal over 1 minute time intervals
! Adding 17 model components to the UV plane model.
! The established model now contains 66 components and 0.188087 Jy
!
! Correcting IF 1.
!
! Correcting IF 2.
!
! Correcting IF 3.
!
! Correcting IF 4.
!
! Fit before self-cal, rms=0.066997Jy sigma=0.000877
! Fit after self-cal, rms=0.058650Jy sigma=0.000744
! Inverting map and beam
! Estimated beam: bmin=4.737 mas, bmaj=13.38 mas, bpa=-12.89 degrees
! Estimated noise=922.845 mJy/beam.
doamp = false
solint = solint / (6.0/3.6)
flux_cutoff = imstat(rms) * dynam
repeat
if (peak(flux) > flux_cutoff) peakwin win_mult
clean clean_niter,clean_gain
flux_cutoff = imstat(rms) * dynam
selfcal doamp, doflt, solint
new_peak = peak(flux)
until(new_peak<=flux_cutoff)
! clean: niter=100 gain=0.03 cutoff=0
! Component: 050 - total flux cleaned = -0.00163101 Jy
! Component: 100 - total flux cleaned = -0.00178172 Jy
! Total flux subtracted in 100 components = -0.00178172 Jy
! Clean residual min=-0.002296 max=0.002009 Jy/beam
! Clean residual mean=0.000003 rms=0.000574 Jy/beam
! Combined flux in latest and established models = 0.186305 Jy
! Performing phase self-cal over 0.6 minute time intervals
! Adding 20 model components to the UV plane model.
! The established model now contains 85 components and 0.186305 Jy
!
! Correcting IF 1.
!
! Correcting IF 2.
!
! Correcting IF 3.
!
! Correcting IF 4.
!
! Fit before self-cal, rms=0.058582Jy sigma=0.000743
! Fit after self-cal, rms=0.058604Jy sigma=0.000743
! Inverting map
print "***********************************"
! ***********************************
print "*** Finished Amplitude Self-Cal ***"
! *** Finished Amplitude Self-Cal ***
print "***********************************"
! ***********************************
save 1657-261_S
! Writing UV FITS file: 1657-261_S.uvf
! Writing 85 model components to file: 1657-261_S.mod
! wwins: Wrote 2 windows to 1657-261_S.win
! restore: Substituting estimate of restoring beam from last 'invert'.
! Restoring with beam: 4.737 x 13.38 at -12.89 degrees (North through East)
! Clean map min=-0.0022558 max=0.17527 Jy/beam
! Writing clean map to FITS file: 1657-261_S.fits
! Writing difmap environment to: 1657-261_S.par
print "****************************"
! ****************************
print "*** Now, make some plots ***"
! *** Now, make some plots ***
print "****************************"
! ****************************
![@gonzo_plot 1657-261_S]
device 1657-261_Suv.ps/vps,1,2
! Attempting to open device: '1657-261_Suv.ps/vps'
radplot
! Using default options string "m1"
uvplot
! Using default options string ""
device 1657-261_Sim.ps/vps
! Attempting to open device: '1657-261_Sim.ps/vps'
uvweight 0,-1
! Uniform weighting is not currently selected.
! Gridding weights will be scaled by errors raised to the power -1.
! Radial weighting is not currently selected.
loglevs -1,2048,2
! The new contour levels are:
! -1 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048
cmul = imstat(rms)*3
! Inverting map and beam
! Estimated beam: bmin=4.737 mas, bmaj=13.38 mas, bpa=-12.89 degrees
! Estimated noise=922.845 mJy/beam.
mappl cln
! restore: Substituting estimate of restoring beam from last 'invert'.
! Restoring with beam: 4.737 x 13.38 at -12.89 degrees (North through East)
! Clean map min=-0.0022558 max=0.17527 Jy/beam
![Exited script file: gonzo_plot]
![Exited script file: gonzo5-0.4]
quit
! Quitting program
! Log file 1657-261_S.log closed on Thu Jul 19 21:22:32 2007
| en |
log-files | 615679 | <!-- Title: Eve shift. Thu May 15, 2008 -->
<!-- SciCo: Xin Wu -->
<!-- DAQAce: Shang-yuu Tsai -->
<!-- MonAce: -->
<!-- CO: Jose Enrique Garcia -->
<!-- OpManager: Steve Hahn -->
<!-- Notes: -->
<pre>Store 6141 colliding. L=63E30.
Store will be terminated not later than 21h00. Shot setup follows.
</pre>
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 16:41:03.110 2008 -->
ENCP TO TAPE in ProcMon just turned red. This happened once during last <a href=
'/cgi/elog/elog.pl?nb=2008&action=view&page=405&frame=2&anchor=21:19:30.159'>
eve shift </a> and a second time during <a href=
'/cgi/elog/elog.pl?nb=2008&action=view&page=407&frame=2&anchor=11:22:25.865'>
last shift </a>. Will keep an eye on it for the time being.
<!-- Author: shangyuu :: (run <a href='/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262328' target=_top>262328</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 17:08:08.438 2008 -->
b0pcal02 became unresponsive. Shepherded successfully.
<!-- Author: shangyuu :: (run <a href='/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262328' target=_top>262328</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 17:09:11.584 2008 -->
L2 Decision TO. 1 auto + 1 manula HRR fixed.
<!-- Author: shangyuu :: (run <a href='/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262328' target=_top>262328</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 17:24:35.215 2008 -->
So I went out to get some water and when I returned the SciCo was already pointing at the RC saying there is some error, which turned out to be "CER_SVXMON_HALT_RECOVER_RUN_ERROR !!!
Stuck Cellid S/B2/W4/L4/C0-6" RC was stuck red in ACTIVE. But jus t as I was about to issue an HRR, a L2 Decision TO came up and an auto HRR was issued to fixed both.
<!-- Author: shangyuu :: (run <a href='/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262328' target=_top>262328</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 17:28:46.100 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262328>262328</A>
Terminated at 2008.05.15 17:28:34
<!-- Author: RunControl -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 17:29:20.747 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262328>262328</A>
TERMINATE: Stop to let Tom W. to do some secret work.
<!-- Author: Shang-Yuu -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 17:29:20.905 2008 -->
Stop the run to do new trigger table test by Tom
<!-- Author: Xin Wu :: (run <a href='/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262328' target=_top>262328</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 17:35:44.878 2008 -->
During transition through partition, RC seemed to be stuck and b0pcal08 was yellow. So shepherded this crate. Then there was a "Last data more than 120s ago" error message coming up during shepherding. We let the shepherd finish without interrupting it and it fixed both problems.
<!-- Author: shangyuu :: (run <a href='/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262328' target=_top>262328</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 17:39:23.029 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262343>262343</A>
Activated at 2008.05.15 17:38:54
<!-- Author: RunControl -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 17:39:24.275 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262343>262343</A>
ACTIVATE: RunSet: AAA_NOSILICON Trigger: PHYSICS_5_01 [7,1083,721]
<!-- Author: Shang-Yuu -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 17:41:12.321 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262343>262343</A>
Terminated at 2008.05.15 17:40:07
<!-- Author: RunControl -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 17:41:13.621 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262343>262343</A>
TERMINATE: L2 pC problem
<!-- Author: Shang-Yuu -->
<!-- Comment: Thu May 15 17;47;17 comment by...Pedro -->
l2node.exe crashed and restarted. The control and decision processes run normally. Just start a new run.
<!-- Comment: Thu May 15 17;51;35 comment by...twright -->
We are trying, but now L3 won't partition
<!-- Comment: Thu May 15 17;56;58 comment by...Pedro -->
Please try again, the library fetch script failed, I fixed this.
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 17:56:15.246 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262344>262344</A>
Activated at 2008.05.15 17:55:46
<!-- Author: RunControl -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 17:56:26.168 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262344>262344</A>
ACTIVATE: RunSet: AAA_NOSILICON Trigger: PHYSICS_5_01 [7,1083,721]
<!-- Author: Shang-Yuu -->
<!-- Comment: Thu May 15 17;59;04 comment by...twright -->
Had to exclude L3 node b0l3s16p02
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 17:56:58.853 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262344>262344</A>
Terminated at 2008.05.15 17:56:41
<!-- Author: RunControl -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 17:57:28.134 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262344>262344</A>
TERMINATE: L2 PC issues again
<!-- Author: Shang-Yuu -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 18:01:13.846 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262328>262328</A>
general: <tt>End Of Run: Ok</tt>
<!-- Author: Consumer Operator( Jose E. Garcia) -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 18:02:15.779 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262345>262345</A>
Activated at 2008.05.15 18:02:09
<!-- Author: RunControl -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 18:02:16.109 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262345>262345</A>
ACTIVATE: RunSet: AAA_CURRENT Trigger: PHYSICS_5_01 [5,1037,719]
<!-- Author: Shang-Yuu -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 18:02:46.066 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262345>262345</A>
Terminated at 2008.05.15 18:02:39
<!-- Author: RunControl -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 18:03:53.348 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262345>262345</A>
TERMINATE: Stop to switch to new trigger table
<!-- Author: Shang-Yuu -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 18:06:03.920 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262346>262346</A>
Activated at 2008.05.15 18:05:49
<!-- Author: RunControl -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 18:07:14.227 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262346>262346</A>
ACTIVATE: RunSet: AAA_NOSILICON Trigger: PHYSICS_5_01 [7,1083,721]
<!-- Author: Shang-Yuu -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 18:13:54.600 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262346>262346</A>
Terminated at 2008.05.15 18:13:17
<!-- Author: RunControl -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 18:13:55.931 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262346>262346</A>
TERMINATE: Stop to switch to include silicon
<!-- Author: Shang-Yuu -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 18:20:54.854 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262347>262347</A>
Activated at 2008.05.15 18:20:42
<!-- Author: RunControl -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 18:20:55.332 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262347>262347</A>
ACTIVATE: RunSet: AAA_CURRENT Trigger: PHYSICS_5_01 [7,1083,721]
<!-- Author: Shang-Yuu -->
<!-- Comment: Thu May 15 20;18;03 comment by...twright -->
This run is using a special ScalerMon from the 'test' fer release, to avoid a problem seen with L2 DPS on the test table. So far it seems to be working.
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 18:28:53.206 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262346>262346</A>
si: <tt>Trigger Test NO Silicon</tt>
<!-- Author: Consumer Operator( Jose E. Garcia) -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 18:28:54.265 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262346>262346</A>
general: <tt>Asumming that the system was ok. This run was too short to have data in slides. Silicon not included in the run.</tt>
<!-- Author: Consumer Operator( Jose E. Garcia) -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 19:19:41.828 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262347>262347</A>
general: <tt>All plots checked</tt>
<!-- Author: Consumer Operator( Jose E. Garcia) -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 19:22:22.904 2008 -->
<table><tr><td><a href=/cgi/elog/elog.pl?nb=2008&action=view&page=-2398&button=yes target='xxx' onclick='jswindow()'; align=top><img src=/cgi/elog/elog.pl?nb=2008&action=view&page=-2398 width='300' align='top'></a></td><td>One dead PMT in the WHA (East 6, Phi 21L)</td></tr></table>
<!-- Author: Jose -->
<!-- Comment: Thu May 15 19;27;22 comment by...Jose -->
<table border=0><td><tr><td bgcolor=#e0e030>Now it is OK! It needed a little bit more statistics.</td></tr></td></table>
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 19:27:43.038 2008 -->
It all started with RXPT Error for b0svx02, which caused RC stuck red in ACTIVE. Did an HRR and then got "FERML_SRC_FATALITY ERROR !!!
SRC Fatality Error for b0svx02: Sl 6 Resonance Detected" in the process of HRR. Then a box poped up saying L3 trigger rate has dropped to 0 Hz and a second later L2 Decison TO which I guess issued an auto HRR and fixed everything.
<!-- Author: shangyuu :: (run <a href='/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262347' target=_top>262347</a>) -->
<!-- Comment: Thu May 15 20;51;33 comment by...shangyuu -->
Again. Same patern of error coming up but this time L3 remained alive (with nonzero rate). HRR fixed.
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 20:05:58.018 2008 -->
Done TO for b0pcal10. RC in halt. Shepherding was successful.
<!-- Author: shangyuu :: (run <a href='/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262347' target=_top>262347</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 21:04:48.460 2008 -->
We received the 15 minutes warning for end of store from MCR.
<!-- Author: Xin Wu :: (run <a href='/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262347' target=_top>262347</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 21:09:08.649 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262347>262347</A>
Terminated at 2008.05.15 21:08:49
<!-- Author: RunControl -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 21:09:09.220 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262347>262347</A>
TERMINATE: Terminated for a new store
<!-- Author: Shang-Yuu -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 21:32:21.486 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262347>262347</A>
general: <tt>End of Run: Plots OK</tt>
<!-- Author: Consumer Operator( Jose E. Garcia) -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 21:32:40.528 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262348>262348</A>
ACTIVATE: RunSet: AAA_SHOTSETUP Trigger: PHYSICS_5_01 [5,1037,719] testing L2 lib (added error message if the TL2D bank is too large-error message not active in this run).
<!-- Author: Shang-Yuu -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 21:33:07.334 2008 -->
Tevatron shot setup.
<!-- Author: Xin Wu -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 21:35:13.272 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262348>262348</A>
TERMINATE: test ok.
<!-- Author: Shang-Yuu -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 21:37:55.109 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262349>262349</A>
ACTIVATE: RunSet: AAA_SHOTSETUP Trigger: PHYSICS_5_01 [5,1037,719] testing L2.
<!-- Author: Shang-Yuu -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 21:48:20.482 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262350>262350</A>
ACTIVATE: RunSet: AAA_SHOTSETUP Trigger: PHYSICS_5_01 [5,1037,719] testing L2
<!-- Author: Shang-Yuu -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 21:59:53.718 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262351>262351</A>
ACTIVATE: RunSet: AAA_SHOTSETUP Trigger: PHYSICS_5_01 [5,1037,719] test l2
<!-- Author: Shang-Yuu -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 22:12:37.021 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262352>262352</A>
ACTIVATE: RunSet: AAA_SHOTSETUP Trigger: PHYSICS_5_01 [5,1037,719] test l2
<!-- Author: Shang-Yuu -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 22:19:47.300 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262353>262353</A>
ACTIVATE: RunSet: AAA_SHOTSETUP Trigger: PHYSICS_5_01 [5,1037,719]
<!-- Author: Shang-Yuu -->
<!-- Comment: Thu May 15 22;22;28 comment by...Anadi for L2 -->
I tested several L2 libs with different printout statements but could not see any even if I had L2A. Need to understand if the RC is picking up the new lib appropriately. The test should be repeated in beam - EOS test.
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 22:25:19.762 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262354>262354</A>
ACTIVATE: RunSet: AAA_SHOTSETUP Trigger: PHYSICS_5_01 [5,1037,719] L2 is back to standard lib. Please run ~10 min to make sure everything is fine.
<!-- Author: Shang-Yuu -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 22:36:37.746 2008 -->
Injecting final protons.
<!-- Author: Xin Wu -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 22:42:54.474 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262354>262354</A>
TERMINATE: Stop to switch to new trigger table (v7)
<!-- Author: Shang-Yuu -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 22:46:41.429 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262355>262355</A>
TERMINATE: Forgot to make the switch to new trigger table
<!-- Author: Shang-Yuu -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 22:49:56.039 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262356>262356</A>
ACTIVATE: RunSet: AAA_SHOTSETUP Trigger: PHYSICS_5_01 [7,1083,721]
<!-- Author: Shang-Yuu -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 22:56:56.991 2008 -->
Node s09p07 red in L3 display. According to L3 troubleshooting this means the filter software has crashed on that node and the excutable will be restarted next time a new run is started. So we ignore it for now.
<!-- Author: shangyuu :: (run <a href='/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262356' target=_top>262356</a>) -->
<!-- Comment: Thu May 15 23;14;18 comment by...shangyuu -->
One question: what if after starting a new run the node is still red? What to do then?
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 22:59:24.925 2008 -->
Loading pbar.
<!-- Author: Xin Wu -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 23:25:24.966 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262356>262356</A>
TERMINATE: Scraping in progress
<!-- Author: Shang-Yuu -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 23:37:15.641 2008 -->
Store 6142, scraping complete. TevPR=8737E30, TevPB=2598E9, Initial L=248E30
<!-- Author: Xin Wu -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 23:42:05.226 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262357>262357</A>
Activated at 2008.05.15 23:41:36
<!-- Author: RunControl -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 23:42:06.524 2008 -->
Run <A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262357>262357</A>
ACTIVATE: RunSet: AAA_CURRENT Trigger: PHYSICS_5_01 [7,1083,721]
<!-- Author: Shang-Yuu -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 23:43:29.271 2008 -->
Before I could even begin the run for the new store, we had b0pcal05 become unrespnsive. Shepherded successfully.
<!-- Author: shangyuu :: (run <a href='/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262357' target=_top>262357</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 23:44:56.064 2008 -->
When RC in transition to active, b0pcal01 became unresponsive. Shepherded successfully. Now we are running...
<!-- Author: shangyuu :: (run <a href='/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262357' target=_top>262357</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 23:49:22.661 2008 -->
<table><tr><td><a href=/cgi/elog/elog.pl?nb=2008&action=view&page=-2401&button=yes target='xxx' onclick='jswindow()'; align=top><img src=/cgi/elog/elog.pl?nb=2008&action=view&page=-2401 width='300' align='top'></a></td><td>Losses for Store 6142</td></tr></table>
<!-- Author: shangyuu -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 23:51:06.433 2008 -->
<table><tr><td><a href=/cgi/elog/elog.pl?nb=2008&action=view&page=-2402&button=yes target='xxx' onclick='jswindow()'; align=top><img src=/cgi/elog/elog.pl?nb=2008&action=view&page=-2402 width='300' align='top'></a></td><td>SVRAD for store 6142</td></tr></table>
<!-- Author: shangyuu -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 23:53:23.449 2008 -->
PHA just went red in DQMon. Should be due to the fact that a new store just came in. Expect to go away sometime later.
<!-- Author: shangyuu :: (run <a href='/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262357' target=_top>262357</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 23:55:16.136 2008 -->
<TABLE BORDER=2 CELLSPACING=1 CELLPADDING=1 BGCOLOR=WHITE>
<TR BGCOLOR=YELLOW><TH>RunNumber</TH>
<TH>DataType</TH>
<TH>PhysicsTable</TH>
<TH>Begin</TH>
<TH>End</TH>
<TH>LiveTime</TH>
<TH>L3Accepts</TH>
<TH>DelivLumi nb<SUP>-1</SUP></TH>
<TH>LiveLumi nb<SUP>-1</SUP></TH>
<TH>GR</TH>
<TH>SC</TH>
<TH>RC</TH></TR>
<TR><TD><A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN=262328 target=_runSummary>262328</A> x400B8</TD>
<TD>BEAM</TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE=-1>PHYSICS_5_01 [5,1037,719]</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>03:00:48</TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>17:28:34</TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>13:07:46</TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT> 5,619,788</TD> <TD ALIGN=RIGHT> 5,331.04</TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT> 4,786.95</TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>1</TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>1</TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>1</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN=262345 target=_runSummary>262345</A> x400C9</TD>
<TD>BEAM</TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE=-1>PHYSICS_5_01 [5,1037,719]</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>18:02:09</TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>18:02:39</TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>00:00:27</TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT> 873</TD> <TD ALIGN=RIGHT> 1.98</TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT> 0.99</TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER></TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>1</TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>0</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN=262346 target=_runSummary>262346</A> x400CA</TD>
<TD>BEAM</TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE=-1>PHYSICS_5_01 [7,1083,721]</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>18:05:49</TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>18:13:17</TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>00:07:22</TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT> 13,528</TD> <TD ALIGN=RIGHT> 25.87</TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT> 24.17</TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>1</TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>1</TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>1</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN=262347 target=_runSummary>262347</A> x400CB</TD>
<TD>BEAM</TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE=-1>PHYSICS_5_01 [7,1083,721]</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>18:20:42</TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>21:08:49</TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>02:39:15</TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT> 779,676</TD> <TD ALIGN=RIGHT> 526.81</TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT> 495.83</TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>1</TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>1</TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>1</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><A HREF=/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN=262357 target=_runSummary>262357</A> x400D5</TD>
<TD>BEAM</TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE=-1>PHYSICS_5_01 [7,1083,721]</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>23:41:36</TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER></TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>00:09:08</TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT> 93,468</TD> <TD ALIGN=RIGHT> 178.19</TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT> 137.80</TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER></TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER></TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>1</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>Totals</TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD>23:55:01</TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>16:04:00</TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT> 6,507,333</TD> <TD ALIGN=RIGHT> 6,063.89</TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT> 5,445.75</TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD> </TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- Author: End of Shift Report -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 23:55:46.439 2008 -->
Just spotted Evb Proxy red on DAQMon. Checked EVB Proxy, everything is running. Should be a false alarm. Ignore it for the time being.
<!-- Author: shangyuu :: (run <a href='/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262357' target=_top>262357</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 23:56:42.751 2008 -->
L2 Decision TO. Auto HRR fixed.
<!-- Author: shangyuu :: (run <a href='/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262357' target=_top>262357</a>) -->
<!-- Comment: Fri May 16 00;02;55 comment by...twright -->
A few minutes before this, we noticed that the deadtime had gone up by 3-4% and the L2 decision node log file window was spewing thousands of "Tracklist aborted sending XFT data when it should not have!!!" messages. HRR got it back to normal again.
<!-- Date: Thu May 15 23:58:56.102 2008 -->
<font color=red>Shift Summary: </font><pre>Shift started with data-taking with store 6141, L=63E30.
At 17:30 run was stopped to test new trigger table (Tom Wright).
Test was successful and the new table PHYSICS_5_01 [7,1083,721]
was used to continue data-taking.
Store 6141 terminated at 21:09. Shot setup followed immediately.
Store 6142 came in at 23:37, Initial L=248E30, started data-taking
with the new trigger table.</pre>
<br><b>End of Shift Numbers</b>
<table><tr><td width=60% align=left>
<b>CDF Run II <p></b>
<pre>
Runs 262328-262357
Delivered Luminosity 1265.2 nb-1
Acquired Luminosity 981.2 nb-1
Efficiency 77.6%
</td></tr></table></pre>
<!-- Author: Xin Wu -->
<!-- Date: Fri May 16 00:01:39.453 2008 -->
Done TO for b0l2pu01. Auto HRR fixed.
<!-- Author: shangyuu :: (run <a href='/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=262357' target=_top>262357</a>) -->
| en |
markdown | 500974 | # Presentation: 500974
## Analysis of Organic Matter Accumulation in Wetlands
- _Sponsors_:
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS)
- NASA New York City Research Initiative (NYCRI)
- _Contributors_:
- Dr. Dorothy Peteet
- Miriam Jones GS
- Sanpisa Sritrairat GS
- Argie Miller HST
- Tamika Tannis HSS
- ABSTRACT
- INTRODUCTION
- MATERIALS & METHODS
- Sediment cores were taken from the Swanson Fen, Dark Bank, and Phalarope wetlands in Alaska, as well as from the Jamaica Bay, Yellow Bar, Piermont, and Tivoli wetlands along the Hudson River in New York. They were sub-sampled at intervals of several centimeters.
- LOI is ratio of organic matter to non-organic matter. (mass of dry sediment – mass of burned sediment(400oC)) / (mass of dry sediment)
- LOI was multiplied by bulk density and the depth of the subsample interval to find organic matter accumulation rates for each sample.
- C-14 dating was used to find sedimentation rates.
- Core Sites
- Phalarope
- Swanson Fen
- Dark Bank
- Piermont Marsh
- Tivoli Bays
- Joco & Yellow Bar
- (Jamaica Bay)
- DATA & GRAPHS
- DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION
- REFERENCES
- Churma, Gail L., Anisfeld, Shimon C., Cahoon, Donald R., Lynch, James C.(2003): Global carbon sequestration in tidal, saline wetland soils: *Global Biogeochemical Cycles,* Vol. 17, No. 4, 1111, doi: 10.1029/2002GB001917
- Connor Richard F., Chmura, Gail L., and C. Beth Beecher, C. Beth (December 2001): Carbon accumulation in Bay of Fundy salt marshes: Implications for restoration of reclaimed marshes; *Global Biogeochemical Cycles*, Vol. 15, No.4, Pages 943-954
- Roulet, Nigel T., Lafleurs, Peter M., Richard, Pierre J.H., Moore, Tim R., Humphreys, Elyn R., Bubier, Jill (2007): Contempory carbon balance and late Holocene carbon accumulation in a northern peatland: *Global Change Biology:* 13, 397-411, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.01292.x
- Yu, Zicheng, Vitt, Dale H., Campbell, Ian D. Apps, Michael J.(2003): Understanding Holocene peat accumulation pattern of continental fens in western Canada: *Canadian Journal of Botany, *81: 267-282: dio: 101139/B03-016
- http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/USclimate/
- Paleoecology and paleoclimatology are sciences in which analyses of pollen, spores, fossils, sub fossils, and sediment samples are used to reconstruct ecosystems and climates of the past.
- This study focuses on analyses of organic matter and carbon accumulation rates in three Alaskan wetlands and four wetlands from New York. This study aims at understanding how differences in vegetation type and climate influence carbon storage both spatially and temporally. This information can help scientists better understand what may happen to wetlands as a result of climate change and how that will affect carbon storage and its role in the global carbon cycle. We conduct this study to answer the following questions:
- 1. What is the organic matter accumulation rate and carbon storage ability of wetlands in Alaska and New York? How do they compare and contrast?
- 2. How do organic matter accumulation rates and carbon storage data reflect changes and differences in the climate and ecosystem?
- Figure 1. Alaskan core sites
- Figure 2. New York core sites
- Figure 3. Graph shows decreasing accumulation rate over time
- Figure 4. Graph shows increasing accumulation rate over time
- Figure 6. Roughly constant accumulation rate over time
- Figure 7. Graph shows increasing accumulation rate over time
- Figure 8. Graph shows roughly constant accumulation rate over time
- Figure 10. Piermont Marsh
- Figure 11. A section of a core
- Figure 12. Core samples
- Swanson Fen total peat accumulation is higher than Dark Bank, but the convex shape of the curve at Swanson Fen indicates decreasing rate of peat accumulation through time, while Dark Bank shows an increasing rate of peat accumulation through time. Much higher precipitation and snowfall at Dark Bank may explain this difference.
- Yellow Bar and Joco marshes have much more organic matter by mass than Tivoli Bays marsh.
- Yellow Bar and Joco are from the same area, yet Joco’s accumulation rate is concave whereas Yellow Bar’s is linear. This might be due to the differences in vegetation type. Joco is a high marsh with *Spartina patens*, Yellow Bar is a low marsh with *Spartina alterniflora. *
* *Salinity influences the vegetation type, which affects the net accumulation rate, and could explain the differences between Tivoli Bays and Jamaica Bay (Joco and Yellow Bar).
- Climate and vegetation type may cause higher peat accumulation rates in the New York sites than the Alaska sites.
| | Swanson Fen | Dark Bank |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mean Annual Precipitation | 48 cm | 244 cm |
| Mean Annual Snowfall | 140 cm | 301 cm |
| Temperature Extremes | -43.9oC to 33.9oC | -34.4oC to 30oC |
| | Tivoli | Jamaica Bay |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mean Annual Precipitation | 103 cm | 106 cm |
| Mean Annual Snowfall | 99 cm | 56 cm |
| Temperature Extremes | -30.6oC to 39.4oC | -18.9oC to 40ooC |
| Salinity | Fresh water marsh | Salt water marsh |
| Vegetation | Sagittaria | Spartina alternaflora, Spartina patens |
- This study analyzed the organic matter accumulation rates of wetlands in Alaska and wetlands in New York. A Loss-On-Ignition (LOI) analysis was done to obtain the amount of organic matter in the sediment samples. Using LOI data and sedimentation rates based on radiocarbon dates, organic matter accumulation values were plotted against time.
- After a comparing the results from Alaskan wetlands to each other, it is evident that annual precipitation and temperatures affect organic matter accumulation. After comparing the results from the wetlands from New York to each other, we see how salinity and vegetation types also affect organic matter accumulation.
- Results from Alaskan wetland sites shows that Swanson Fen has higher peat accumulation than Dark Bank. From New York wetlands, the salt marshes at Joco and Yellow Bar have accumulation 100 times higher than Tivoli Bays, the freshwater site. The New York sites have higher peat accumulation than the Alaska sites, potentially related to temperature, growing season length, and vegetation type.
- Figure 5. Swanson Fen climate versus Dark Bank climate
- Figure 9. Tivoli climate versus Jamaica Bay climate | en |
converted_docs | 016381 | Number range CHAPTER**Supporting Statement for a Request for OMB Review
under**
**The Paperwork Reduction Act**
# 1 IDENTIFICATION OF THE INFORMATION COLLECTION
## 1(a) Title and Number of the Information Collection
##
**Title: Reporting Requirements under EPA's Safer Detergent Stewardship
Initiative (SDSI) Program**
**EPA ICR No.: TBD.01 OMB Control No.: 2070-TBD**
##
## 1(b) Short Characterization
EPA is developing the SDSI to recognize environmental leaders who
voluntarily commit to the use of safer surfactants. Leading chemical
manufacturers have made great progress in developing safer, highly
effective surfactants. As a result, some leading U.S. corporations that
formulate products with surfactants, such as cleaning products, have
been able to act in advance of SDSI to use safer surfactants in their
product lines. Stakeholders who have reformulated products using safer
surfactants have called the change cost-neutral. SDSI would encourage a
shift to safer surfactants by companies unaware of the benefits of such
a change. SDSI would also attract companies that see value in the public
recognition of corporate product stewardship that SDSI will provide.
Surfactants are used in a wide variety of applications and products.
Examples include detergents, cleaners, airplane deicers, and
fire-fighting foams. Products such as paint and ink that also use
surfactants were not included in the scope of SDSI based on
recommendations from industry, environmental groups, and others.
Stakeholders suggested that EPA could drive the most significant
environmental improvement at the lowest possible cost by focusing SDSI
on encouraging safer surfactants for products whose use routinely
results in their discharge to the environment. Safer surfactants are
surfactants that break down quickly to non-polluting compounds.
Nonylphenol ethoxylates, commonly referred to as NPEs, are an example of
a surfactant class that does not meet this definition. Both NPEs and
their breakdown products, such as nonylphenol, are toxic to aquatic
life.
EPA published the Aquatic Life Ambient Water Quality Criteria for
Nonylphenol in the Federal Register in February 2006. The Safer
Detergents Stewardship Initiative will complement EPA's Aquatic Life
Criteria, by encouraging the manufacture and use of safer surfactants,
thus reducing the amount of nonylphenol ethoxylate surfactants and
nonylphenol in streams and other water bodies. The Design for the
Environment (DfE) program has identified safer alternatives to NPE
surfactants through its partnership work with industry and environmental
advocates; many are comparable in cost and are readily available.
There are two categories for recognition under SDSI: Champion and
Partner. Champion is the highest level of recognition offered under
SDSI. At this level, the participant is invited to the SDSI Awards
ceremony, is listed on the EPA SDSI Web site as a Champion, and may use
a special logo in their literature to help explain their participation
in the program. The Partner category provides recognition of significant
accomplishment towards the use of safer surfactants. Partners will be
listed on the EPA SDSI Web site and may be granted recognition as a
Champion in the future, if appropriate.
Both Champions and Partners will receive a certificate of recognition
from DfE. To be eligible for the awards ceremony, which will be held in
the summer of 2008, candidates for Champion status should submit their
application by December 31, 2007. The application for participating in
SDSI will be available on the SDSI Web page in the fall of 2007.
EPA will also specify the following general requirements:
- Candidates should post a statement on their Web site describing the
actions that qualify them for recognition under SDSI; and
- Candidates should complete an application and have it signed by a
company authority (e.g., Chief Executive Officer, or vice president
with responsibility for product formulation). The application would
describe the actions taken to qualify for recognition.
EPA will use available information resources to track the progress of
the program, both in terms of the level of participation and expected
environmental benefits. A cleaning industry trade association[^1] plans
to apply for recognition as a Champion under SDSI. In order to qualify
for this level of recognition, the association plans to monitor the
number of its product manufacturer members participating in SDSI and to
correlate this number to an approximate percentage of the industry as a
whole. For environmental benefits, EPA will use its own Inventory Update
Rule[^2] to establish a baseline and track changes in the levels of
nonylphenol ethoxylate manufactured, imported and used in the U.S. EPA
may also make use of ongoing studies that monitor the level of
contaminants, like nonylphenol, in various water bodies and sediment.
EPA will review information sources for endpoints such as level of
program participation, trends in surfactant use, and levels of toxic
surfactant degradates in waters and sediment. EPA will evaluate whether
there is a correlation between SDSI participation and environmental
outcomes.
# Number range CHAPTER2. NEED FOR AND USE OF THE COLLECTION
## 2(a) Need/Authority for the Collection
Authority for SDSI derives from two statutory sources. Section
6604(b)(5) of the Pollution Prevention Act (PPA, 42 U.S.C. 13103(b)(5);
see Attachment A) directs EPA to facilitate the adoption of
source-reduction techniques by businesses. Section 6604(b)(13) directs
EPA to establish an annual awards program to recognize a company or
companies that operate outstanding or innovative source reduction
programs. In recognition of these directives, and through consultation
with a broad range of stakeholders, EPA developed SDSI. In addition, the
SDSI Program complements the Aquatic Life Criteria for Nonylphenol
issued under authority of Section 304(a)(1) of the Clean Water Act on
February 23, 2006.
SDSI's information collection activities will assist the Agency in
meeting the goals of the PPA by providing resources and recognition for
businesses committed to promoting and using safer surfactants. In turn,
SDSI will help businesses meet their corporate sustainability goals by
providing the means to, and an objective measure of, environmental
stewardship. Investment analysts and advisers seek these types of
measures in evaluating a corporation's sustainability profile and
investment worthiness.[^3] It is not surprising then that EPA has heard
from many organizations that the SDSI Program will be an important
impetus for prioritizing and completing the transition to safer
surfactants. SDSI is also needed to promote greater use of safer
surfactants by companies unaware of the benefits of such a change.
EPA has carefully tailored its request for information, and especially
the SDSI Application Form, to ensure that it only asks for information
essential to verifying an applicants' eligibility for award or
recognition.
#
## Number range CHAPTER 2(b) Practical Utility/Users of the Data
The information collected by the SDSI Program is not designed or
intended to support regulatory decision-making by EPA. EPA uses the
information collected in the SDSI Application Form to: (1) identify the
candidate's commitment to promoting and using safer surfactants; (2)
verify the candidate's involvement in promoting and using safer
surfactants; and (3) determine the candidate's eligibility for award or
recognition under SDSI.
#
#
# Number range CHAPTER3. NON-DUPLICATION, CONSULTATIONS, AND OTHER COLLECTION
# CRITERIA
## 3(a) Non-Duplication
Respondents will not be asked to provide information that has been or is
currently being collected by EPA, other federal or state agencies or
proprietary sources. The information collected by the SDSI Program is
unique and is not duplicative of previous information collection
requests. As due diligence, EPA also checked with trade associations and
potential partners to confirm that the information being collected by
the SDSI Program does not exist elsewhere.
## Number range CHAPTER 3(b) Public Notice Required Prior to ICR Submission to OMB
Number range CHAPTER Prior to submission to OMB, this ICR will be made
available to the public for comment through a Federal Register notice.
The public will have 60 days to provide comments. Any comments received
will be given consideration when completing the supporting statement
that is submitted to OMB.
## Number range CHAPTER 3(c) Consultations
Although the recognition program covered by this ICR has not started,
EPA announced its intentions to develop the SDSI Program in February
2006. Since that time, EPA has received significant feedback on the SDSI
Program from stakeholders. EPA continues to work closely with
stakeholders that include surfactant manufacturers, cleaning product
formulators, environmentalists, water treatment facilities, and cleaning
industry trade associations.
On June 12, 2006, DfE held a public meeting to take comments on SDSI.
Ephraim King (Director of EPA's Office of Science and Technology in the
Office of Water) and Charlie Auer (Director of EPA's Office of Pollution
Prevention and Toxics in the Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic
Substances) provided overviews of EPA's Aquatic Life Criteria for
Nonylphenol and SDSI. A clear majority of stakeholders representing a
broad range of interests -- surfactant manufacturers, cleaning product
formulators, environmentalists, a water treatment facility, and a
cleaning industry trade association -- expressed strong support for
SDSI. Following is a list of the stakeholders who spoke to express
support for the program at the public meeting:
Paul Anastas, Green Chemistry Institute
Bill Balek, ISSA
Bill Greggs, Procter & Gamble
Cory Hammock, Clean Control
Marsha Hardin, Reckitt Benckiser
Lauren Heine, GreenBlue
Ed Hopkins, Sierra Club
Jennifer Jackson, East Bay Municipal Utility District
Jack Linard, Unilever
Rich Liroff, World Wildlife Fund
David Long, SC Johnson
Roger McFadden, Coastwide Chemicals
Sam Moore, Burlington Chemical
A minority of stakeholders, representing the Alkylphenol Ethoxylate
Research Council (APERC), alkylphenol ethoxylate (APE)[^4] and
alkylphenol (AP) manufacturers, and two laundry trade associations
(large APE users), expressed concerns about SDSI. Their concerns are
summarized in the June 12 public meeting notes published in the Federal
Register (see http://www.regulations.gov, document number:
EPA-HQ-OPPT-2006-0343-0002, docket number: EPA-HQ-OPPT-2006-0343). EPA
has taken steps to ameliorate these concerns. These include (1)
clarifying that the intent of the program is to encourage the use of
safer surfactants; the use of any surfactants (not solely NPE
surfactants) that degrade to long-lived and more toxic degradates would
disqualify an applicant from recognition; (2) requiring that a company
eligible for recognition have a product stewardship strategy to ensure
the use of safer surfactants; and (3) limiting the scope of the program
to those products whose use routinely results in their discharge to the
environment; products such as ink, paint, and oil are not included.
Specifically regarding this ICR, EPA consulted with the following
potential respondents to obtain feedback on the need for the collection,
the reasonableness of the burden estimates, and alternative approaches
to collecting the information:
- Bill Balek, ISSA (a trade association for the cleaning industry),
1-800-225-4772
- John Barrett, KIMCO Corporation, 708-583-9800
- Carol Chapin, Simple Green, 562-795-6000
- Cory Hammock, Clean Control, 478-922-5340
- Robert Israel, JohnsonDiversey, 262-631-4437
- Roger McFadden, Coastwide Laboratories, 503-218-4900
- Candice Rushton, Betco, 419-725-3833
- Barbara Whitstone, CleanPower, 414-302-3000
In general, the individuals were supportive of the ICR and said the
burden estimates appeared reasonable. Therefore, EPA made no changes
to the information in this supporting statement.
## Number range CHAPTER 3(d) Effects of Less Frequent Collection
The SDSI Application Form is designed to be a one-time information
submission for organizations that wish to participate in the SDSI
Program as either a Partner or Champion. In some instances, an
organization that applies for Partner recognition may choose to re-apply
at a later date for Champion recognition. Without this information, EPA
will not be able to effectively determine whether companies are
switching to safer surfactants nor recognize companies who successfully
transition to safer surfactants.
## Number range CHAPTER 3(e) General Guidelines
The information collection activities discussed in this renewal ICR
comply with all regulatory guidelines under 5 CFR 1320.5(d)(2).
## Number range CHAPTER 3(f) Confidentiality
No information collected by EPA under SDSI comprises confidential
business information.
## Number range CHAPTER 3(g) Sensitive Questions
The information collection activities discussed in this document do not
involve any sensitive questions.
# Number range CHAPTER4. THE RESPONDENTS AND THE INFORMATION REQUESTED
## 4(a) Respondents and NAICS Codes
SDSI seeks partners from establishments engaged in the production or use
of surfactants, as well as establishments involved in the purchasing,
distribution or use of products containing surfactants, whose use
routinely results in their discharge to the environment. Others (e.g.,
non-profit organizations, unions, academia) may also qualify through
active encouragement of the use of safer surfactants.
Below is a list of North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
codes and associated industries that may be affected by information
collection requirements covered under this ICR. This list is intended to
be illustrative; entities from other industries may elect to apply for
recognition through SDSI. However, EPA expects that most applications
will come from the following industries:
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| [NAICS | > [Affected Industry]{.underline} |
| Code]{.u | |
| nderline} | |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| 3256 | > Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation |
| | > Manufacturing |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| 424490 | > Other Grocery and Related Products Merchant |
| | > Wholesalers |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| 424690 | > Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant |
| | > Wholesalers |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| 424990 | > Other Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods Merchant |
| | > Wholesalers |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| 4451 | > Grocery Stores |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| 481 | > Air Transportation |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| 561210 | > Facilities Support Services |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| 561720 | > Janitorial Services |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| 561740 | > Carpet and Upholstery Cleaning Services |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| 611310 | > Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| 7211 | > Traveler Accommodation |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| 8123 | > Drycleaning and Laundry Services |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------+
## 4(b) Information Requested
Once a prospective organization reviews the SDSI materials and decides
to apply, it should submit a SDSI Application Form (see Attachment B for
complete form). Applications will be received on an ongoing basis over
the three years covered by this ICR. However, to be eligible for the
awards ceremony, which will be held in the summer of 2008, candidates
should submit their application by December 31, 2007. Only candidates
for recognition at the champion level are eligible for the awards
ceremony.
All forms will be available in hard copy or electronic form.
Participants can use the hard copy forms they receive from EPA by mail
or download PDF versions of the forms from the SDSI Web site.
(i) [Data items]{.underline}:
The reporting items include:
- Facility name and Web site URL;
- Name, title, address, phone number, fax number, and e-mail address
of the candidate's primary contact person;
- Status (partner or champion) for which the candidate is applying;
- Type of organization (e.g. manufacturing, purchasing, retail);
- Description of facility and any relevant affiliations;
- Descriptions of actions taken to qualify for recognition;
- Relevant supporting documentation showing one or more of the
following (requirements vary by organization type / recognition
level): evidence of a full or intended transition to safer
surfactants; a strategy to ensure that only safer surfactants are
used or purchased by specified dates; a written commitment to a full
transition to safer surfactants within a specific time period;
activities taken to date to promote the use of safer surfactants
- Where applicable, total production or use volume of surfactants
- Signature, name, and title of senior company authority (e.g., CEO,
or vice president for health and environment).
a. [Respondent activities]{.underline}:
Candidates conduct the following activities in order to complete and
submit the SDSI Application Form:
- Review the SDSI information;
- Decide whether to apply for recognition, and whether to apply for
partner or champion status;
- Select a primary contact person for the program;
- Complete the SDSI Application Form, including obtaining the
signature of a company authority (e.g., CEO or vice president for
health and environment);
- Describe how their organization meets the evaluation criteria for
the relevant recognition;
- Fax or mail the form to EPA;
- Provide relevant documentation to EPA upon request.
# Number range CHAPTER5. THE INFORMATION COLLECTED -- AGENCY ACTIVITIES, COLLECTION METHODOLOGY, AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
## 5(a) Agency Activities
Under SDSI, EPA engages in the following activities related to the SDSI
Application Form:
- Distribute the SDSI Application Form to potential participants, and
maintain a downloadable PDF version on the SDSI Web site;
- Answer questions posed by potential applicants regarding recognition
under the Initiative;
- Receive the completed forms, review for accuracy, and place any
necessary follow-up calls; and
- Approve candidates for recognition and notify both successful and
unsuccessful applicants of the decisions.
## Number range CHAPTER 5(b) Collection Methodology and Management
Respondents will be able to obtain the SDSI Application Form in hard
copy from EPA or by downloading it from the SDSI Web site. The completed
forms can be faxed or mailed to EPA.
In collecting and analyzing the information associated with this ICR,
EPA will use a telephone system, personal computers, and applicable
database software. EPA will ensure the accuracy and completeness of
collected information by reserving the right to request the list of
ingredients (e.g., bills of lading, invoices) or other relevant
documentation at any time to confirm that candidates have the achieved
the criteria for recognition.
## Number range CHAPTER 5(c) Small Entity Flexibility
EPA expects that some of the participants in the SDSI program will be
small entities. EPA has designed its application form to minimize
respondent burden while obtaining sufficient and accurate information.
In addition, given the voluntary nature of the collection, EPA expects
that respondents will participate only if the benefits of participation
outweigh the information collection burden.
## Number range CHAPTER 5(d) Collection Schedule
Organizations may submit a one-time application for recognition as
Partners or Champions at any time. To be eligible for the awards
ceremony, which will be held in the summer of 2008, candidates for
Champion status should submit their application by December 31, 2007.
# Number range CHAPTER6. ESTIMATING THE BURDEN AND COST OF THE COLLECTION
Number range CHAPTERExhibit 6.1 presents the estimated burden hours and
costs for all respondents during each of the three years covered under
this ICR.
The data collection mechanism for SDSI is the SDSI Application Form. In
an effort to minimize burden and cost, the SDSI Application Form was
designed to contain straightforward questions. It was also designed in a
way that one application package will serve all types of participants.
The expected participant categories for SDSI are as follows: chemical
manufacturers, formulators, retailers / distributors, institutional
purchasers, and "others" (e.g., non-profits, unions, and academia).
Within these participant categories, it is expected that the chemical
manufacturers, formulators, retailers / distributors, and institutional
purchasers will be private sector institutions. Within the participant
category "others," about ten local governments (e.g., municipal water
supply systems) are likely to participate, with the remaining
participants being private sector institutions.
## 6(a) Estimating Respondent Burden
The average respondent burden is estimated to be 10 hours for all
participant types (see Exhibit 6.1). EPA used professional judgment to
arrive at a burden estimate and then consulted representatives from the
participant categories to make sure the burden estimate was reasonable
(see section 3(c)). Burden hours for the SDSI application package are
for reporting purposes only.
We expect that for a typical entity, program and application review will
take about one hour (technical staff). Obtaining approval, which is
likely to involve verifying assumptions with staff and ensuring support
from multiple levels of management, will take about three hours (1
managerial, 1 technical, 1 clerical). Completing the application form
will take about 6 hours (5 technical, 1 clerical) given the data
reporting requirements (see SDSI Application Form, Attachment B).
Included in this estimate of 6 hours is the potential burden that would
be incurred if EPA finds it necessary to verify the information in the
application. the purposes of the burden estimate, EPA assumes that it
will need to verify information from one organization in each
participant category. This burden, when distributed among all
participants, is about 32 minutes per participant ((40 hrs x 5
participants) / 375 total participants).
## 6(b) Estimating Respondent Costs
EPA estimates an average hourly labor rate (base hourly rate plus fringe
and overhead) of \$64 for managerial staff, \$53 for technical staff,
and \$26 for clerical staff. These three labor rate estimates are taken
from manufacturing industry data in "Economic Analysis of Expedited
Significant New Use Rules for 66 Chemical Substances," 12/06, p. B-4
(EPA Docket EPA-HQ-OPPT-2003-0063). The type of staff needed to complete
the SDSI Application Form and their associated hourly labor rates were
verified by contacting representatives from the participant categories.
In exhibit 6.1 we show the breakdown of burden costs, assuming 10 hours
for all participant categories. No capital or operations and management
costs are incurred by respondents under this ICR, with the possible
exception of postage and photocopy costs.
Number range CHAPTER**Exhibit 6.1. Estimated Burden and Costs to
Respondents**
<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 22%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="2"><p id="number-range-chaptertype-of-affected-public"
class="heading">Number range CHAPTERType of Affected Public</p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p id="collection-activity" class="heading">Collection
activity</p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p id="section-5" class="heading"></p></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>Estimated response time (hours)</strong></td>
<td colspan="4"><p id="total-burden-hours" class="heading">Total burden
(hours)</p></td>
<td colspan="3"><p id="hourly-labor-cost" class="heading">Hourly labor
cost</p></td>
<td><p id="total-cost" class="heading">Total cost</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>M</strong></td>
<td><strong>T</strong></td>
<td><strong>C</strong></td>
<td><strong>M</strong></td>
<td><strong>T</strong></td>
<td><strong>C</strong></td>
<td><strong>Total</strong></td>
<td><strong>M</strong></td>
<td><strong>T</strong></td>
<td><strong>C</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="20"><blockquote>
<p><strong>Private Sector</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><strong>Chemical Manufacturers</strong></td>
<td>37</td>
<td colspan="10"></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><ul>
<li><p>Review application and program information</p></li>
</ul></td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>37</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>37</td>
<td>$64</td>
<td>$53</td>
<td>$26</td>
<td>$1,961</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><ul>
<li><p>Obtain senior approval</p></li>
</ul></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>37</td>
<td>37</td>
<td>37</td>
<td>111</td>
<td>$64</td>
<td>$53</td>
<td>$26</td>
<td>$5,291</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><ul>
<li><p>Complete and submit package<a href="#fn1" class="footnote-ref"
id="fnref1" role="doc-noteref"><sup>1</sup></a></p></li>
</ul></td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>185</td>
<td>37</td>
<td>222</td>
<td>$64</td>
<td>$53</td>
<td>$26</td>
<td>$10,767</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><h4 id="subtotal"><em>Subtotal</em></h4></td>
<td><strong>37</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>7</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>37</strong></td>
<td><strong>259</strong></td>
<td><strong>74</strong></td>
<td><strong>370</strong></td>
<td>--</td>
<td>--</td>
<td>--</td>
<td><strong>$18,019</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h4 id="formulators">Formulators</h4></td>
<td>206</td>
<td colspan="10"></td>
<td><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><ul>
<li><p>Review application and program information</p></li>
</ul></td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>206</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>206</td>
<td>$64</td>
<td>$53</td>
<td>$26</td>
<td>$10,918</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><ul>
<li><p>Obtain senior approval</p></li>
</ul></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>206</td>
<td>206</td>
<td>206</td>
<td>618</td>
<td>$64</td>
<td>$53</td>
<td>$26</td>
<td>$29,458</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><ul>
<li><p>Complete and submit package<sup>1</sup></p></li>
</ul></td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1030</td>
<td>206</td>
<td>1236</td>
<td>$64</td>
<td>$53</td>
<td>$26</td>
<td>$59,946</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h4 id="subtotal-1"><em>Subtotal</em></h4></td>
<td><strong>206</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>7</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>206</strong></td>
<td><strong>1442</strong></td>
<td><strong>412</strong></td>
<td><strong>2060</strong></td>
<td>--</td>
<td>--</td>
<td>--</td>
<td><strong>$100,322</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><h4 id="retailers-distributors">Retailers / Distributors</h4></td>
<td>23</td>
<td colspan="10"></td>
<td><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><ul>
<li><p>Review application and program information</p></li>
</ul></td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>$64</td>
<td>$53</td>
<td>$26</td>
<td>$1,219</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><ul>
<li><p>Obtain senior approval</p></li>
</ul></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>69</td>
<td>$64</td>
<td>$53</td>
<td>$26</td>
<td>$3,289</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><ul>
<li><p>Complete and submit package<sup>1</sup></p></li>
</ul></td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>115</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>138</td>
<td>$64</td>
<td>$53</td>
<td>$26</td>
<td>$6,693</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><h4 id="subtotal-2"><em>Subtotal</em></h4></td>
<td><strong>23</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>7</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>23</strong></td>
<td><strong>161</strong></td>
<td><strong>46</strong></td>
<td><strong>230</strong></td>
<td>--</td>
<td>--</td>
<td>--</td>
<td><strong>$11,201</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h4 id="institutional-purchasers">Institutional Purchasers</h4></td>
<td>23</td>
<td colspan="10"></td>
<td><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><ul>
<li><p>Review application and program information</p></li>
</ul></td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>$64</td>
<td>$53</td>
<td>$26</td>
<td>$1,219</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><ul>
<li><p>Obtain senior approval</p></li>
</ul></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>69</td>
<td>$64</td>
<td>$53</td>
<td>$26</td>
<td>$3,289</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><ul>
<li><p>Complete and submit package<sup>1</sup></p></li>
</ul></td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>115</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>138</td>
<td>$64</td>
<td>$53</td>
<td>$26</td>
<td>$6,693</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h4 id="subtotal-3"><em>Subtotal</em></h4></td>
<td><strong>23</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>7</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>23</strong></td>
<td><strong>161</strong></td>
<td><strong>46</strong></td>
<td><strong>230</strong></td>
<td>--</td>
<td>--</td>
<td>--</td>
<td><strong>$11,201</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="5"><blockquote>
<p><strong>Private Sector and</strong></p>
<p><strong>Local Governments</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><strong>Others (e.g. non-profits, unions, academia)</strong></td>
<td>86</td>
<td colspan="10"></td>
<td><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><ul>
<li><p>Review application and program information</p></li>
</ul></td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>86</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>86</td>
<td>$64</td>
<td>$53</td>
<td>$26</td>
<td>$4,558</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><ul>
<li><p>Obtain senior approval</p></li>
</ul></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>86</td>
<td>86</td>
<td>86</td>
<td>258</td>
<td>$64</td>
<td>$53</td>
<td>$26</td>
<td>$12,298</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><ul>
<li><p>Complete and submit package<sup>1</sup></p></li>
</ul></td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>430</td>
<td>86</td>
<td>516</td>
<td>$64</td>
<td>$53</td>
<td>$26</td>
<td>$25,026</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><h4 id="subtotal-4"><em>Subtotal</em></h4></td>
<td><strong>86</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>7</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>86</strong></td>
<td><strong>602</strong></td>
<td><strong>172</strong></td>
<td><strong>860</strong></td>
<td>--</td>
<td>--</td>
<td>--</td>
<td><strong>$41,882</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td><p id="total" class="heading">Total</p></td>
<td><strong>375</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>3750</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>$182,625</strong></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<aside id="footnotes" class="footnotes footnotes-end-of-document"
role="doc-endnotes">
<hr />
<ol>
<li id="fn1"><p>Includes burden of verifying data (about 40 hours),
which EPA estimates will only need to be done for 1 organization in each
participant category. This burden, when distributed among all
participants, is about 32 minutes per participant ((40 hrs x 5
participants) / 375 total participants).<a href="#fnref1"
class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></p></li>
</ol>
</aside>
## 6(c) Estimating the Respondent Universe and Total Burden and Costs Burden
EPA estimates that 375 applications will be submitted over the
three-year life of the clearance. This estimate is based on the
assumption that about 300 participants will apply for recognition under
SDSI -- 150 for Partner recognition and 150 for Champion recognition --
and that roughly half of the 150 participants who apply for Partner
recognition (or 75) will apply at a later time for Champion recognition.
The estimate of 300 participants assumes that twice the number of
organizations that have expressed interest in SDSI will ultimately
participate (to date, 140[^5] different organizations have expressed
interest). Furthermore, due to the nature of SDSI and the demographic of
interested parties, EPA estimates that about 55% of participating
companies[^6] will be formulators, 10% chemical manufacturers, 6%
retailers / distributors, 6% institutional purchasers, and 23% others.
The total burden hours and cost associated with this information
collection are 4986 hours and \$248,133, respectively.
## {#section-6}
## Number range CHAPTER 6(d) Estimating Agency Burden and Costs
Number range CHAPTERExhibit 6.2 presents the estimated Agency burden
hours and costs associated with the information collection activities
under this ICR. Other direct costs (copying, printing, telephone, and
mailing expenses) are also included. EPA based its burden estimates on
its experience managing other voluntary programs.
Based on the general schedule (GS) pay schedule, EPA estimates an
average hourly labor rate (hourly rate plus the standard government
overhead factor of 1.6) of \$58[^7] for managerial staff, \$43 for
technical staff, and \$20 for clerical staff. The Agency expects most
activities to be performed by managerial staff (25 percent) and
technical staff (75 percent).
**Exhibit 6.2. Agency Burden/Cost**
-------------- ------------ ----------- ------------ ----------- ------------ ----------- ---------- ----------
Activities Hours per Labor Cost Total Cost Total
Labor per Hour per Activity Hours and
Category Cost
SDSI EPA EPA EPA EPA EPA EPA Total Total Cost
application managerial technical managerial technical managerial technical Hours per per
form Activity Activity
Distribute 7 23 \$58 \$43 \$406 \$989 30 \$1,395
forms
Answer 7 23 \$58 \$43 \$406 \$989 30 \$1,395
questions
Record / enter 10 30 \$58 \$43 \$580 \$1,290 40 \$1,870
forms
Verify 12 38 \$58 \$43 \$696 \$1,634 50 \$2,330
information;
Make awards
selection
Notify 3 9 \$58 \$43 \$174 \$387 12 \$561
applicants of
decision
Total 42 123 \-- \-- \$2,262 \$5,289 162 \$7,551
-------------- ------------ ----------- ------------ ----------- ------------ ----------- ---------- ----------
## *Number range CHAPTER* 6(e) Bottom Line Burden Hours and Cost Tables
> a\. Respondent Tally
**Exhibit 6.3. Average Estimated Respondent Burden and Cost Summary**
----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
**Average \# of **Average Burden **Average Cost**
Respondents** Hours**
375 3,750 \$182,625
----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
> b\. Agency Tally
**Exhibit 6.4. Average Estimated Agency Burden and Cost Summary**
----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
**Burden Hours** **Annual Cost**
162 \$7,551
----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
## 6(f) Reasons for Change in Burden
Since this is a new ICR, change in respondent burden is not applicable.
## 6(g) Burden Statement
The annual public burden for this collection of information is estimated
at 10 hours per response, including time for reviewing instructions,
gathering information, and completing and reviewing the application.
According to the Paperwork Reduction Act, "burden" means the total time,
effort, or financial resources expended by persons to generate,
maintain, retain, or disclose or provide information to or for a Federal
agency. For this collection it includes the time needed to review
instructions; develop, acquire, install, and utilize technology and
systems for the purposes of collecting, validating, and verifying
information, processing and maintaining information, and disclosing and
providing information; adjust the existing ways to comply with any
previously applicable instructions and requirements; train personnel to
be able to respond to a collection of information; search data sources;
complete and review the collection of information; and transmit or
otherwise disclose the information. An agency may not conduct or
sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of
information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. The
OMB control number for this information collection appears above. The
OMB control numbers for EPA's regulations in title 40 of the CFR, after
appearing in the [Federal Register]{.underline}, are listed in 40 CFR
part 9 and included on the related collection instrument or form, if
applicable.
To comment on the Agency's need for this information, the accuracy of
the provided burden estimates, and any suggested methods for minimizing
respondent burden, including the use of automated collection techniques,
EPA has established a public docket for this ICR under Docket ID No.
EPA-HQ-OPPT-2007-0274, which is available for public viewing at the EPA
Docket Center (EPA/DC), EPA West, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW,
Washington, DC. The EPA Docket Center Public Reading Room is open from
8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays.
The telephone number for the Reading Room is (202) 566-1744, and the
telephone number for the Pollution Prevention and Toxics Docket is (202)
566-0280. An electronic version of the public docket is available at
<http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/component/main>. Use this website
to submit or view public comments, access the index listing of the
contents of the public docket, and to access those documents in the
public docket that are available electronically. Once in the system,
select "search," then key in the docket ID number identified above.
Also, you can send comments to the Office of Information and Regulatory
Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, 725 17th Street, NW,
Washington, DC 20503, Attention: Desk Officer for EPA. Please include
the EPA Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OPPT-2007-0274 in any correspondence.
Number range CHAPTER**ATTACHMENTS:**
Number range CHAPTER\[NOTE: Unless otherwise noted, an electronic copy
of the attachment is available only as a PDF file. You can still easily
access the electronic PDF file in the electronic version of the public
docket available through EDOCKET at
[[http://www.epa.gov/edocket]{.underline}](http://www.epa.gov/edocket).
Once in the system, select "quick search," then indicate that you'd like
to search by Docket and key in the following docket ID number:
EPA-HQ-OPPT-2006-0343. Search the docket index for this document by the
title provided above. If you have any difficulties, please contact the
technical person listed in the [Federal Register]{.underline} notice
announcing the submission of this ICR to OMB for review and approval.\]
Attachment A -- Pollution Prevention Act Section 6604(b)(5); 42 U.S.C.
13103(b)(5) \[The electronic copy is available as part of the electronic
copy of the ICR's Supporting Statement.\]
Attachment B -- SDSI Application Form
# Number range CHAPTERATTACHMENT A
**Pollution Prevention Act Section 6604(b)(5)**
**42 U.S.C. 13103(b)(5)**
\[Electronic copy available as part of the electronic copy of the ICR's
Supporting Statement.\]
**SEC. 6604. EPA ACTIVITIES.**
\(a\) AUTHORITIES.---The Administrator shall establish in the Agency an
office to carry out the functions of the Administrator
under this subtitle. The office shall be independent of the Agency's
single-medium program offices but shall have the authority to review and
advise such offices on their activities to promote a multimedia approach
to source reduction. The office shall be under the direction of such
officer of the Agency as the Administrator shall designate.
\(b\) FUNCTIONS.---The Administrator shall develop and implement a
strategy to promote source reduction. As part of the strategy, the
Administrator shall---
> \(1\) establish standard methods of measurement of source reduction;
>
> \(2\) ensure that the Agency considers the effect of its existing and
> proposed programs on source reduction efforts and shall review
> regulations of the Agency prior and subsequent to their proposal to
> determine their effect on source reduction;
>
> \(3\) coordinate source reduction activities in each Agency Office and
> coordinate with appropriate offices to promote source reduction
> practices in other Federal agencies, and generic research and
> development on techniques and processes which have broad
> applicability;
>
> \(4\) develop improved methods of coordinating, streamlining and
> assuring public access to data collected under Federal environmental
> statutes;
>
> \(5\) facilitate the adoption of source reduction techniques by
> businesses. This strategy shall include the use of the Source
> Reduction Clearinghouse and State matching grants provided in this
> subtitle to foster the exchange of information regarding source
> reduction techniques, the dissemination of such information to
> businesses, and the provision of technical assistance to businesses.
> The strategy shall also consider the capabilities of various
> businesses to make use of source reduction techniques;
>
> \(6\) identify, where appropriate, measurable goals which reflect the
> policy of this subtitle, the tasks necessary to achieve the goals,
> dates at which the principal tasks are to be accomplished, required
> resources, organizational responsibilities, and the means by which
> progress in meeting the goals will be measured;
>
> \(8\) 1 establish an advisory panel of technical experts comprised of
> representatives from industry, the States, and public interest groups,
> to advise the Administrator on ways to improve collection and
> dissemination of data;
>
> \(9\) establish a training program on source reduction opportunities,
> including workshops and guidance documents, for State and Federal
> permit issuance, enforcement, and inspection officials working within
> all agency program
>
> \(10\) identify and make recommendations to Congress to eliminate
> barriers to source reduction including the use of incentives and
> disincentives;
>
> \(11\) identify opportunities to use Federal procurement to encourage
> source reduction;
>
> \(12\) develop, test and disseminate model source reduction auditing
> procedures designed to highlight source reduction opportunities; and
>
> \(13\) establish an annual award program to recognize a company or
> companies which operate outstanding or innovative source reduction
> programs.
# {#section-7}
# {#section-8}
# {#section-9}
# {#section-10}
# {#section-11}
# {#section-12}
# {#section-13}
# {#section-14}
# {#section-15}
# {#section-16}
# {#section-17}
# ATTACHMENT B
####### {#section-18}
####### Safer Detergents Stewardship Initiative (SDSI) Application Form
**Safer Detergents Stewardship Initiative (SDSI) Application**
Overview:
EPA developed the Safer Detergents Stewardship Initiative (SDSI) to
recognize environmental leaders who voluntarily commit to the use of
safer surfactants. Leading product manufacturers have made great
progress in developing safer, highly effective cleaners. These
manufacturers believe that producing the safest products possible is
important to their role as stewards of the environment and public
health. A number of U.S. corporations have acted in advance of SDSI to
use safer surfactants in their entire product lines. Stakeholders who
have reformulated detergents using safer surfactants have called the
change cost-neutral. More information on stakeholder views on SDSI can
be found at http://www.regulations.gov, document number:
EPA-HQ-OPPT-2006-0343-0002, docket number: EPA-HQ-OPPT-2006-0343.
**What is a Safer Surfactant?:**
Safer surfactants are surfactants that break down quickly to
non-polluting compounds[^8]. CleanGredients is a resource for
information on safer surfactants (www.cleangredients.org).
General Requirements:
- Candidates should complete this application[^9] and have it signed
by a company authority (e.g., CEO or vice president for health and
environment).
- Candidates should post a statement on their website describing the
actions that qualify them for recognition under SDSI.
Categories of Recognition:
There are two categories for recognition under SDSI: Champion and
Partner.
- **Champion** is the highest level of recognition offered under SDSI.
At this level, the participant is invited to the SDSI Awards
ceremony, listed on the EPA SDSI website as a champion, and may use
a special logo in their literature to help explain their
participation in the program.
- The **Partner** category provides recognition of significant
accomplishment towards the use of safer surfactants. Partners will
be listed on the EPA SDSI website and may be granted recognition as
a Champion in the future, if appropriate. Partner recognition will
sunset on the commitment date provided in Section 3 of the
Application.
Both Champions and Partners will receive a certificate of recognition
from DfE. To be eligible for the awards ceremony, which will be held in
the Summer of 2008, candidates for Champion status should submit their
application by **December 31, 2007.**
Application Process:
Complete the application and submit a signed copy to the SDSI Awards
Coordinator. Unless you claim information as confidential, all
applications received will be considered public information and no
materials submitted will be returned.
Send completed applications to the appropriate address below. Please
note that irradiation of federal mail may damage electronic media or
other materials. It is highly recommended that a package delivery
service be used, especially if you are sending a disk.
Via US Postal Service:
US Environmental Protection Agency
Mail Code 7406M
Safer Detergent Stewardship Initiative
Attn: DfE Contact
1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20460
Via Package Delivery Service:
Safer Detergent Stewardship Initiative
Attn: DfE Contact
US Environmental Protection Agency
EPA East, Room 5326
1201 Constitution Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20004
Phone: 202-564-9910
*Confirmation of Receipt:* EPA will confirm receipt of applications,
usually by email. If you have not received an acknowledgment within two
weeks of sending your applications, please contact DfE Contact at
contact.dfe@epa.gov or 202-564-9910
*Notification:* Winners will be notified prior to the official public
announcement. Awards will be presented to the primary sponsor of the
application.
*Questions:* Questions about eligibility, nomination procedures, or the
Safer Detergent Stewardship Initiative should be directed to DfE Contact
of EPA's Design for the Environment Program at contact.dfe@epa.gov or
202-564-9910
SECTION 1: CONTACT INFORMATION
Organization Name:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Contact Name:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Address (City, State, Zip):
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Phone:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Fax:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
E-mail:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Website:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Award and Type of Organization:
Indicate the type of your organization
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
\_\_\_\_\_\_ Chemical Manufacturer -- Manufactures surfactants
\_\_\_\_\_\_ Formulator -- Purchases and blends chemicals (including
surfactants) to create an end-use product for retailers and/or
distributors
\_\_\_\_\_\_ Retailer / Distributor -- Sells products containing
surfactants
\_\_\_\_\_\_ Institutional Purchaser -- Purchases or specifies cleaning
products for use in multiple facilities (e.g., janitorial service
provider)
\_\_\_\_\_\_ Other -- Influences use of surfactants (e.g., non-profit,
trade association, academia)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Indicate the level of recognition for which you are applying.
(Refer to Table 1 for a description of Champion and Partner status for
each organization type.)
---------------------------------- ------------------------------------
\_\_\_\_\_\_ Champion (go to \_\_\_\_\_\_ Partner (go to Section
Section 2) 3)
---------------------------------- ------------------------------------
+---------+---------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Part | **Table 1: Requirements | |
| icipant | for Achieving:** | |
| Type | | |
+---------+---------------------------+-------------------------------+
| | **Champion Status** | **Partner Status** |
+---------+---------------------------+-------------------------------+
| C | - Demonstrate that you | - Commit to producing only |
| hemical | only manufacture | safer surfactants^1^ by a |
| Manufa | safer | date that is reasonable |
| cturers | surfactants[^10] | for your circumstances |
| | | |
| | - Document a strategy | - Document a strategy for |
| | for ensuring that you | ensuring that you will |
| | manufacture only | manufacture only safer |
| | safer surfactants | surfactants |
+---------+---------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Form | - Demonstrate that you | - Commit to using only |
| ulators | only use safer | safer surfactants in your |
| | surfactants in | products^1,3^ by a date |
| | | that is reasonable for |
| | products^1,^[^11]^,^[^12] | your circumstances |
| | | |
| | - Document a strategy | - Document a strategy for |
| | for ensuring that | ensuring that only safer |
| | only safer | surfactants will be used |
| | surfactants are used | in products |
| | in products | |
+---------+---------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Re | - Demonstrate that only | - Commit to sell only |
| tailers | safer surfactants are | products^3^ containing |
| / | included in | safer surfactants by a |
| Distr | products^2,3^ | date that is reasonable |
| ibutors | intended for sale | for your circumstances |
| | | |
| | - Document a strategy | - Document your active |
| | for ensuring that | encouragement of the use |
| | only safer | of safer surfactants |
| | surfactants are | |
| | included in | |
| | products^3^ intended | |
| | for sale | |
+---------+---------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Instit | - Demonstrate that you | - Commit to only use |
| utional | only purchase | products^3^ that only |
| Pur | products containing | contain safer surfactants |
| chasers | safer surfactants | by a date that is |
| | | reasonable for your |
| | - Document a | circumstances |
| | strategy[^13] for | |
| | ensuring that | - Document your active |
| | purchased products | encouragement of the use |
| | only contain safer | of safer surfactants |
| | surfactants | |
+---------+---------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Others | - Demonstrate | - Document your active |
| (e.g., | outstanding | encouragement of the use |
| non-p | efforts[^14] to | of safer surfactants |
| rofits, | encourage the use of | |
| unions, | safer surfactants | |
| ac | | |
| ademia) | | |
+---------+---------------------------+-------------------------------+
SECTION 2: CHAMPION
Fill out this section if you are applying for recognition as a Champion.
Use the space below to explain how you meet the following requirements.
Please include supporting documents when appropriate and note these
documents in your statement. You may attach extra sheets as needed.
---------------- ------------------------------------- ----------------
If you are a... You must show that ... And then go
to...
Chemical You only manufacture safer Section 2.1
Manufacturer surfactants
Formulator You only use safer surfactants in Section 2.1
products
Retailer / Only safer surfactants are included Section 2.2
Distributor in products intended for sale
Institutional All the products you purchase contain Section 2.2
Purchasers only safer surfactants
Other You have made outstanding efforts to Go to Section 4
encourage the use of safer
surfactants
---------------- ------------------------------------- ----------------
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
List your website describing the actions that qualify the company or
organization for recognition under SDSI.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
2.1 Chemical Manufacturers and Formulators only:
Indicate or describe your product stewardship strategy for ensuring the
manufacture or use of safer surfactants:
Use CleanGredients to choose surfactants
Other, please describe:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
2.2 Retailers / Distributors and Institutional Purchasers only:
Document your strategy for ensuring that all of your purchased products
contain only safer surfactants. You may attach extra sheets as needed.
An example of a strategy is a letter that is sent to suppliers requiring
them to provide products with only safer surfactants. The retailer /
distributor will not be eligible for Champion recognition until it sells
products with only safer surfactants.
---------------------- ------------------------------------------------
If you are a... Document a strategy for ensuring that...
Retailer / Distributor Only safer surfactants are included in products
intended for sale
Institutional Purchased products contain only safer
Purchaser surfactants
---------------------- ------------------------------------------------
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
SECTION 3: PARTNERS
Fill out this section if you are applying for recognition as a Partner.
List your website describing the actions that qualify you for
recognition under SDSI.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Use the space below to describe how you meet the following requirements.
You should describe your commitment to a complete transition to safer
surfactants by a date that is reasonable for your circumstances. Please
state this date explicitly and explain briefly why it is a reasonable
date for your circumstances.[^15] Include supporting materials when
appropriate and note these materials in your statement. You may attach
extra sheets as needed.
------------------------ ----------------------------------------------
If you are a... You need to document your commitment to...
Chemical Manufacturer Produce only safer surfactants
Formulator Use only safer surfactants in your products
Retailer / Distributor Only sell products that only contain safer
surfactants
Institutional Purchasers Only purchase products that only contain safer
surfactants
Other Skip this item
------------------------ ----------------------------------------------
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[^1]: ISSA is a leading international trade association for the cleaning
industry. It has more than 4800 members, including approximately 300
cleaning product manufacturers.
[^2]: The Inventory Update Rule (IUR) requires companies that
manufacture, import or use certain chemicals listed on the TSCA
inventory to report to EPA information about these chemicals (e.g.,
production/use volume) on a periodic basis. IUR reporting occurs
every five years. Companies are currently providing information for
calendar year 2005.
[^3]: "Green to Gold: How Smart Companies Use Environmental Strategy to
Innovate, Create Value, and Build Competitive Advantage;" Daniel
Esty and Andrew Winston; Yale University Press, New Haven, CT; 2006
[^4]: NPEs are part of the APE family of chemicals.
[^5]: This includes all companies in the interest list as of December
2006, excluding EPA and EPA contractors, and counting similar
entities such as "The Dow Chemical Company" and "The Dow Chemical
Company, Larkin Labs" as one company.
[^6]: Based on the list of interested parties as of December 2006.
[^7]: These three labor rates were estimated using the following
GS-levels: GS-13 Step-5 for managerial staff, GS-10 Step-10 for
technical staff, and GS-5 Step-1 for clerical staff.
[^8]: An example of a class of safer surfactants is linear alcohol
ethoxylates (LAE). LAEs are toxic to aquatic life, but break down
quickly to non-polluting compounds. Nonylphenol ethoxylates,
commonly referred to as NPEs, are a surfactant class that does not
meet the definition of a safer surfactant. Both NPEs and their
breakdown products, such as nonylphenol, are toxic to aquatic life.
[^9]: EPA will reserve the right to request, on a confidential basis,
the list of ingredients (e.g., bills of lading, invoices) or other
relevant documentation at any time to confirm that candidates have
the achieved the criteria for recognition. If documentation is
requested but not received, EPA will withdraw recognition from that
candidate.
[^10]: CleanGredients™ is a resource for information on safer
surfactants.
[^11]: The deadline for using only safer surfactants in third-party
finished goods and Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide
Act (FIFRA)-registered products is December 31, 2008.
[^12]: Products include those whose use routinely results in their
discharge to the environment (e.g., all-purpose cleaners, laundry
detergents, pesticides, airplane de-icers, fire-fighting foams and
gels).
[^13]: An example of a strategy is a letter that is sent to suppliers
requiring them to provide products with only safer surfactants. The
retailer/distributor will not be eligible for Champion recognition
until its sells products with only safer surfactants.
[^14]: Examples of contributions that would qualify include those that
have developed means for surfactant users to identify safer
surfactants, those that have taken action to educate industry or the
public about safer surfactants, and those that have encouraged
business to move toward safer surfactants.
[^15]: Please note that Partner recognition will sunset on the
commitment date. After this date, companies will need to apply for
Champion recognition.
| en |
all-txt-docs | 160794 | Equal Employment Opportuntiy Commission v. Sara Lee Corporation
00-1534
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 00-1534
EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
SARA LEE CORPORATION,
Defendant-Appellee.
On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of South Carolina
BRIEF OF THE EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY
COMMISSION AS PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT
STATEMENT OF SUBJECT MATTER AND APPELLATE JURISDICTION
This is a public enforcement action brought by the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission ("Commission") under the Americans with
Disabilities Act, 42 U.S.C. 12101, et seq. ("ADA"). The district
court had jurisdiction of the case under 28 U.S.C. 1331 and 1345.
Final judgment was entered in the district court on February 25, 2000,
disposing of all claims with respect to all parties. Joint Appendix
("J.A.") at 335. The Commission filed a timely notice of appeal on
April 20, 2000. J.A. at 363; see F.R.A.P. 4(a)(1). This Court has
jurisdiction of the district court's final judgment under 28 U.S.C.
1291.
STATEMENT OF THE ISSUES
1. Whether the district court erred in ruling, as a matter of law,
that the charging party's epilepsy, which resulted in substantial
daytime and nocturnal seizure activity, was not an actual disability
within the meaning of the ADA.
2. Whether the district court erred in ruling that the charging
party's proposed accommodation of staying in her first shift position
was unreasonable as a matter of law because it conflicted with the
defendant's seniority policy, where that policy was self-imposed and
subject to modification or adjustment at the defendant's discretion.
3. Whether the district court erred in ruling that the defendant
satisfied its duty of reasonable accommodation by providing the charging
party with only those options made available under a rote application
of the defendant's self-imposed seniority policy, options that did
not take into account the precise limitations imposed by the charging
party's disability.
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
1. Nature of the Case
This case involves a claim of disability discrimination under the ADA
brought against Sara Lee Corporation ("Sara Lee"). The Commission is
suing at the behest of a charging party, Vanessa Turpin, who worked for
Sara Lee until May 1997, when she was denied an accommodation that would
have allowed her to continue working in her position. The district
court granted summary judgment in favor of Sara Lee, holding that the
Commission's evidence was insufficient to support a finding that Turpin
had a covered disability within the meaning of the ADA. The court
also held, as a matter of law, that Sara Lee did not default on its
obligation to provide a reasonable accommodation to Turpin.
2. Course of Proceedings
The Commission initiated this action in February 1999. J.A. at 4.
Sara Lee moved for summary judgment in December 1999. Id. at 18.
By order dated February 23, 2000, the district court granted summary
judgment in favor of Sara Lee. Id. at 336. The district court entered
judgment on February 25, 2000. Id. at 335. 3. Statement of Facts
a. Vanessa Turpin began working for Sara Lee in September 1989, at
its Salem, Virginia, factory. J.A. at 339-40. In 1992, three years
into her employment with Sara Lee, Turpin began experiencing seizures
in her sleep. Id. at 336. During one of her initial episodes, Turpin
woke up on the floor with paramedics "standing over the top of [her]."
Id. at 58-59. Turpin consulted a neurologist, who prescribed Dilantin,
an anti-seizure medication. Id. at 336. Despite the medication, Turpin
continued to experience nocturnal seizures. Id. at 336-37.
Turpin's seizures grew worse over time. By 1997,<1> Turpin was
experiencing nocturnal seizures on a regular basis. Id. at 337.
These seizures were characterized by shaking, kicking, salivating,
and bedwetting. Id. Turpin would sometimes bite her tongue during
the nighttime seizures, causing eating and drinking problems the
next day. Id. Turpin was typically unaware of the fact that she was
experiencing a nocturnal seizure, but the seizures were witnessed by
her husband. Id. Turpin, moreover, felt the effects of the seizures.
After having nocturnal seizures, Turpin would feel tired in the morning,
as if she had never slept at all. Id. Turpin would sometimes awaken,
after a nocturnal seizure, to find her bed covers tossed onto the floor
and her arm or leg bruised. Id.
Turpin also began experiencing daytime seizures. Turpin experienced
numerous daytime seizures in 1997,<2> including 4 or 5 episodes while
at work. Id. at 337. Turpin was able to sense that a daytime seizure
was about to happen. Id. at 338. Turpin would go off to sit elsewhere
until the seizure would pass. Id. During a seizure, Turpin would begin
shaking; Turpin's face would take on a blank expression, and she would
become completely unaware of, and unresponsive to, her surroundings. Id.
The seizures typically lasted for a few minutes. Id. After the seizure,
Turpin was able to return to the activity she was performing prior to
the seizure. Id.
Turpin's seizures also had a residual impact on her ability to
concentrate and think. Turpin, for example, experienced regular memory
loss and confusion as a result of the seizure activity. Id. at 339.
Turpin's memory loss made it difficult for Turpin to remember to take
her medication more than once a day. Id. Turpin's memory loss also
affected Turpin's ability to perform daily tasks. Id. at 272, 274, 277.
Turpin forgot to do simple chores; Turpin would begin driving and then
forget where she was going and why she was going there. Id. On one
occasion, Turpin got in the car and "started blowing her horn." Id. at
269-70. When asked about the incident, she could not "remember doing
it." Id. at 270. On another occasion, Turpin, on a routine visit to
see her doctor, forgot how to get to her doctor's office. Id. at 339.
Turpin's seizures placed additional burdens on her husband, Benjamin
Gethers. Gethers assisted Turpin when she had break downs in her
memory. Id. at 272-74, 277-79. Gethers stepped into drive when
Turpin sensed that she was going to have a seizure. Id. at 265.
Gethers helped Turpin through her nocturnal seizures, waking her up
while the seizures were on-going, walking her to the bathroom, and
changing the bed (which was often wet with saliva or urine) so that
Turpin could go back to sleep. Id. at 261-64. Gethers took steps to
ensure that Turpin was not placed in "any kind of situation" likely
to increase the risk of a daytime seizure. Id. at 272-73.
Turpin was eventually diagnosed with complex partial seizure disorder
(epilepsy). Id. at 338. Turpin's neurologist, Dr. Healy, believes
that Turpin's seizures will be a "life-long phenomena." Id. at 339.
Turpin has on-going seizure activity even though she is taking medication
to counter the effects of the impairment.
b. In 1996, Sara Lee closed its Salem, Virginia facility. Id. at 340.
The company provided employees of that facility with the option of
transferring to Sara Lee's Florence, South Carolina facility. Id.
Turpin accepted the transfer, working the first shift -- the day shift --
as an Auto Packaging Machine Operator. Id.
In the spring of 1997, Sara Lee decided to close its Hartsville, South
Carolina plant. Id. Sara Lee offered the Hartsville employees the
option of transferring to other facilities. Id. Invoking its internal
seniority policy, Sara Lee permitted these employees to displace less
senior employees at these other facilities. Id. Most of the more
senior Hartsville employees elected to transfer to the Florence plant.
Id. at 341. A Hartsville employee, with more seniority than Turpin,
was slotted to assume Turpin's first shift position. Id. This meant
that Turpin would have to transfer to a second or third shift position,
requiring her to work a night shift of some kind. Id.
Upon learning that she was to be removed from her first shift position,
Turpin contacted her Human Resources manager, Vera Wilson, requesting
that she be allowed to remain on the first shift. Id. Turpin presented
Wilson with a letter from Turpin's internist, Dr. Ducker. Id.
In that letter, dated April 9, 1997, Dr. Ducker stated that, after
consulting with Turpin's neurologist, Dr. Healy, it was Dr. Ducker's
opinion that Sara Lee should permit Turpin to remain on the first shift
because "it is a well known fact that recurrent seizure activity can
be precipitated by disturbance of sleep pattern." Id. Wilson showed
the letter to Robert Wofford, another Human Resources manager, who,
in turn, contacted Sara Lee's Corporate Medical Director, Dr. Egnatz.
Id. at 341-42. Dr. Egnatz offered the opinion that the change in shift
would not exacerbate Turpin's seizure disorder so long as Turpin worked
a non-rotating shift, whether that be the first shift, the second shift,
or the third shift. Id. at 342. Dr. Egnatz was not a neurologist.
Id. at 312. Dr. Egnatz never examined Turpin, nor was he given any of
her "documents or medical records." Id. at 127, 315-16. At no point did
Wilson, Wofford, or Dr. Egnatz speak with either Dr. Ducker or Dr. Healy.
Id. at 341-42
Sara Lee decided not to provide Turpin with an accommodation. Instead,
Sara Lee chose to "stick with the seniority policy," id. at 135,
limiting Turpin to the same three options given to any individual being
bumped from the first shift by virtue of the seniority policy: (1) move
to second or third shift; (2) go on layoff status with recall rights
for twelve months (including the right to be recalled to a first shift
position should one become available); or (3) take a severance package.
Id. at 342. Turpin elected to take the severance package. Id.
The record shows that the seniority policy invoked by Sara Lee is not
part of a collective bargaining agreement. Id. at 340. The policy,
instead, is self-imposed. Id. Under its policy, Sara Lee "reserves
the right to make modification changes to the provisions of [the]
policy and the inclusive policies involved." Id. at 42. The policy
has built-in flexibility, permitting the company to grant exceptions
to its seniority rules on a case-by-case basis. Id. at 50 (authorizing
the Company-wide Seniority Review Board to deviate from seniority levels
with respect to laid off employees seeking an "Interplant Transfer").
Because the policy "was drafted years before the downturn in the hosiery
business," it does not "directly address plant closings." Id. at 38.
Although the company retains the discretion to apply the policy to plant
closings, it has not always done so. When Sara Lee closed its Salem,
Virginia plant and moved its operations to Florence, South Carolina, it
waived the seniority policy to encourage Salem employees to transfer to
Florence, believing this to be in the "best interest" of the company.
Id. at 320-21. In this case, Sara Lee chose to apply its seniority
policy without adjustment or modification.
c. The district court granted Sara Lee's motion for summary judgment
in an order dated February 23, 2000. The court first ruled that, "as
a matter of law, Turpin did not suffer from a 'disability' pursuant
to the ADA's definition during the time period surrounding May 31,
1997." Id. at 354. The court acknowledged that epilepsy constitutes
an impairment under the ADA. Id. at 346. The court also recognized
that the various life activities identified by the Commission, e.g.,
sleeping, thinking, and caring for oneself, were "major life activities"
within the meaning of the ADA. Id. at 347-48. The court held, however,
that Turpin's impairment was not substantially limiting.
Focusing first on the major life activity of sleeping, the court reduced
the Commission's proof to evidence that Turpin "experienced fitful
nights of sleep twice a week, a condition which affects many adults."
Id. at 350. The court concluded that, "[o]n the basis of this evidence,
the EEOC has failed to show that Turpin's sleeping affliction is any
worse than that which a large segment of the nation's adult population
suffers from." Id. The court next turned to the major life activity
of thinking, including Turpin's abilities to concentrate and remember.
Again, the court reduced the Commission's proof to evidence of "a few
incidents of forgetfulness a week," concluding that "forgetting things
twice or thrice on a weekly basis is not a substantial limitation on
one's ability to think, concentrate, or remember things." Id. at
352. Based largely on its finding that "Turpin's epilepsy did not
substantially limit her ability to sleep and think," the court also
concluded "that the EEOC failed to produce sufficient evidence from
which a reasonable jury could find that Turpin's seizures substantially
limited her ability to care for herself." Id. at 353.
Finally, the court addressed "the EEOC's contention that Turpin
experienced an 'altered consciousness' during her daytime seizures,
which would interrupt all major life activities, including seeing,
hearing, walking, communicating, thinking, concentrating, and caring
for herself." Id. On this point, the court stressed that "Turpin's
seizures were not major motor or grand mal seizures," that "the daytime
seizures would last only a few minutes at most," and that "once the
seizure would end, Turpin found herself able to resume whatever activity
she had been performing before the seizure occurred." Id. at 353-54.
In the court's view, "although it is clear that Turpin's seizures
momentarily limited her ability to engage in any activity for the few
minutes that her seizure episodes endured," Turpin's "partial seizure
episodes were simply too temporary to constitute a substantial limitation
on any major life activity." Id. at 354.
Having disposed of the disability issue, the court, "for the sake of
completing the analysis," also addressed the Commission's argument that
it would have been a reasonable accommodation for Sara Lee to "modify its
seniority policy of permitting disabled employees from closed-down plants
to bump employees with less seniority at another facility," thereby
allowing Turpin to remain on first shift. Id. at 354-55. The court
ruled, as a matter of law, that "the ADA's reasonable accommodation
provision [does not require] an employer to exempt an employee from
its seniority policy to the detriment of another employee." Id. at
355-56. The court rejected the Commission's attempt to distinguish
this case -- involving a self-imposed seniority policy -- "from the
many ADA cases holding that reasonable accommodation does not require
modifying a collectively-bargained-for seniority policy." Id. at 357.
The court concluded that "[b]ecause the accommodation sought by Turpin
would have required Sara Lee to give preference to Turpin and her
disability over another employee and her seniority rights by placing
the less-senior Turpin on 'equal' footing with a more-senior employee,
such requested accommodation was not reasonable, as 'it would convert
a nondiscrimination statute into a mandatory preference statute.'"
Id. at 358.
Alternatively, the court ruled that Sara Lee had satisfied its duty
of reasonable accommodation by offering Turpin the options of either
working a non-rotating second or third shift or accepting a lay off or
severance package. Id. at 361-62. Stressing that "the ADA does not
require Sara Lee to offer Turpin an ideal accommodation, but only a
reasonable accommodation," the court found that "Sara Lee engaged in
a good-faith effort to accommodate Turpin, and indeed offered her a
reasonable accommodation, which she declined." Id. The court opined
that, despite the contrary advice of her physician, Turpin should have
"attempted to adjust her body to a new (and regular) sleeping pattern
under the second or third shift." Id. at 362.
SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT
The district court erred in ruling, as a matter of law, that the
Commission's evidence was insufficient to support a finding that Turpin
had a covered disability within the meaning of the ADA. In enacting
the ADA, Congress assumed that most individuals with epilepsy would
meet the ADA's definition of disability. Specifically, Congress
assumed that epilepsy was the type of impairment that would impose a
substantial limitation on one or more major life activities, at least
in those cases where the effects of the impairment were not controlled
(or significantly curtailed) by medication. In this case, the evidence
shows that Turpin experienced substantial daytime and nocturnal seizure
activity, notwithstanding medication that she took to mitigate the
effects of her condition. Turpin is incapacitated during her daytime
seizures, which can last as long as two minutes. Both the nocturnal and
daytime seizures have significant residual effects, limiting Turpin's
ability to care for herself, sleep, and think. It cannot be said, as
a matter of law, that Turpin's condition does not substantially limit
one or more major life activities.
The district court also erred in ruling that Turpin's proposed
accommodation -- being permitted to stay in her first shift position
-- was unreasonable as a matter of law. A number of circuit courts
have held that reasonable accommodation does not require modifying a
collectively-bargained-for seniority policy. In this case, however,
the seniority policy is not part of a collective bargaining agreement.
It is a self-imposed policy that, by its terms, is subject to adjustment
or exception at Sara Lee's discretion. This is not a case, moreover,
where an employee was seeking reassignment to an entirely new position
that was otherwise guaranteed to a more senior employee. Instead, Turpin
was asking for a relatively minor adjustment in her work schedule, one
that would permit her to continue working in a shift that accommodated
her disability. Under these circumstances, it was error to hold, as
a matter of law, that Turpin's proposed accommodation was unreasonable.
Nor was it proper to dismiss the claim of reasonable accommodation on
the ground that Sara Lee's offer of one of three options -- a second
or third shift position, lay off, or seniority package -- constituted
a reasonable accommodation in its own right. By definition, an
accommodation is a change in the work environment or in the way things
are customarily done, designed to overcome the precise limitations
imposed by a disability. The three options offered by Sara Lee were
not accommodations within the meaning of the ADA. They were the same
options extended to any individual being bumped from the first shift by
virtue of the seniority policy. In this case, Sara Lee did not "change"
anything; it steadfastly adhered to its self-imposed seniority policy,
ignoring the medical opinion of Turpin's physician that moving Turpin
to a second or third shift position would exacerbate Turpin's seizures.
ARGUMENT
THE DISTRICT COURT ERRED IN GRANTING SUMMARY JUDGMENT IN SARA LEE'S
FAVOR.
A. Standard Of Review
This Court reviews a district court's grant of summary judgment de
novo, viewing all facts and inferences in the light most favorable to
the non-moving party. Providence Square Assocs., L.L.C. v. G.D.F.,
Inc., 2000 WL 530307, *3 (May 3, 2000). Summary judgment is proper
only when there is no genuine issue of material fact, and the moving
party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Id.
B. The Commission's Evidence Is Sufficient To Support A Finding That
Turpin Has A Disability Within The Meaning Of The ADA
The threshold issue raised by this appeal is whether the Commission
presented sufficient evidence to support a finding of disability.
We believe that there are discrete evidentiary theories -- outlined
below -- that support a finding of actual disability in this case.<3>
More generally, we believe that the district court's analysis is
inconsistent with congressional intent concerning the scope of coverage
under the ADA.
In enacting the ADA, Congress sought "to provide a clear and
comprehensive national mandate for the elimination of discrimination
against individuals with disabilities." 42 U.S.C. 12101(b)(1).
Congress specifically found that some 43 million Americans -- nearly
1/5th of the population (at that time) -- were disabled and in need
of protection against "various forms of discrimination." 42 U.S.C.
12101(a)(1)-(5). "Because it is included in the ADA's text, the finding
that 43 million individuals are disabled gives content to the ADA's
terms, specifically the term 'disability.'" Sutton v. United Air Lines,
Inc., 119 S. Ct. 2139, 2149 (1999).
There are strong indications that Congress viewed individuals with
epilepsy as included among the 43 million Americans with a covered
disability. Congress derived the figure of 43 million, in large part,
from contemporaneous reports on disability status. See id. at 2147-48
(citing, e.g., National Center for Health Statistics, U.S. Dept. of
Health and Human Services, Vital and Health Statistics, Current
Estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, 1989, Series 10
(1990); National Council on Disability, Toward Independence (1986);
National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Data on
Disability from the National Health Interview Survey 1983-1985 (1988)).
Several of these reports identified epilepsy as a disabling condition
likely to result in limitations on daily activities. E.g. Current
Estimates at 82-105; Toward Independence at 12; Data on Disability at
32-140. The ADA's legislative history is replete with references to
epilepsy, reflecting an assumption on Congress' part that epilepsy --
a permanent condition that produces intermittent conscious-altering
seizures -- would typically meet the standard for a substantially
limiting impairment. S. Rep. No. 101-116, 101st Cong., 1st Sess. 22,
31, 39, 62 (1989) (referencing epilepsy in discussing the protections
of the ADA, including the requirement of reasonable accommodation);
H.R. Rep. No. 101-485(II), 101st Cong., 2d Sess. 51, 62, 72, 79-80
105 (1990), reprinted in 1990 U.S.C.C.A.N. 303, 333, 345, 355, 362,
388 (same); H.R. Rep. No. 101-485(III), 101st Cong. 2d Sess. 28,
33, 42, 50 (1990), reprinted in 1990 U.S.C.C.A.N. 445, 451, 456,
465, 473 (same). The key committee reports make that assumption
explicit. See H.R. Rep. No. 485(II), 101st Cong., 2d Sess. 52,
reprinted in 1990 U.S.C.C.A.N. at 334 ("impairments . . . such
as epilepsy . . . substantially limit a major life activity");
H.R. Rep. No. 485(III), 101st Cong., 2d Sess. 28, reprinted in 1990
U.S.C.C.A.N. at 451 ("epilepsy [is] an impairment which substantially
limits a major life activity").<4> Plainly, Congress intended the ADA
to protect individuals who endure epilepsy-induced seizures but who,
nonetheless, are willing and able to perform work.
This is not to say, of course, that epilepsy is some kind of per se
disability. There are no per se disabilities under the ADA. In enacting
the ADA, Congress did not adopt a laundry list of covered impairments.
Congress, instead, adopted a functional test for disability, geared
to the impact of an impairment on one or more major life activities.
See 42 U.S.C. 12102(2)(A) (defining disability as a "physical or
mental impairment that substantially limits one or more . . . major
life activities"). Nonetheless, while the ADA does not contain an
itemized list of covered disabilities, Congress understood that some
impairments would be sufficiently severe to produce a substantially
limiting effect on a major life activity in most (if not all) cases.
Epilepsy, where its effects are not controlled (or significantly
curtailed) by medication, is the type of impairment that yields a
finding of a covered disability under the ADA's functional standard.
This, in any event, was Congress' understanding in enacting the ADA.
The district court's ruling flies in the face of congressional
intent. The district court held that the Commission's evidence
was insufficient even to support a finding of a covered disability.
The court reached this conclusion despite the evidence that Turpin
has a permanent epileptic condition that, even with the mitigating
effect of medication, results in substantial daytime and nocturnal
seizure activity. Turpin's seizures render her completely unaware of,
and unresponsive to, her surroundings and produce significant residual
effects on her daily living, affecting, among other things, her ability
to think, concentrate, and remember. Turpin is precisely the type of
individual for whom Congress intended coverage under the ADA.
The district court stressed that Turpin's seizures would last "only
a few minutes at most," and that Turpin was able, once the seizure
ended, to "resume whatever activity she had been performing before
the seizure occurred." J.A. at 353-54. These facts, however, merely
explain why Turpin was able to work and function in her daily life,
despite the substantial limitations imposed by her condition. One can
envision a more severe case of major motor or grand mal seizures,
where an individual has regular seizures that are incapacitating for
significant periods of time. Yet, in many such cases, the individual
will be unable to perform the essential functions of a job, due to
the disability, thus placing the individual outside the protections of
the ADA. Reduced to its core, the district court's decision imposes a
classic Catch-22: an individual with epilepsy who is qualified to work
falls outside the protection of the statute because the individual's
impairment is not sufficiently severe to constitute a disability; an
individual with epilepsy whose impairment is sufficiently severe to
constitute a disability falls outside the protection of the statute
because the individual's disability renders her unqualified to work.
Congress assumed that many individuals with disabilities, with the help
of the law, could "participate in, and contribute to, society." 42
U.S.C. 12101(a)(7). Congress did not intend to create a self-defeating
category of coverage, where only those whose impairments are so severe
that they are unable to work meet the threshold for a covered disability.
See Albertson's, Inc. v. Kirkingburg, 119 S. Ct. 2162, 2168 (1999)
(stressing that substantial limitations should not be equated with
"utter inabilities").
The Supreme Court's decision in Sutton v. United Air Lines, Inc. is
not to the contrary. In Sutton, the Supreme Court held that a fully
correctable vision impairment did not constitute a covered disability
under the ADA. The key fact in Sutton was that the plaintiffs could
fully ameliorate their vision impairment by simply slipping on a pair of
eye glasses. 119 S. Ct. at 2149. Epilepsy is not so easily mitigated,
a point that the Supreme Court took care to note in its Sutton decision.
Distinguishing epilepsy from the easily correctable vision impairment at
issue in Sutton, the Court clarified that individuals with epilepsy may
be covered under the ADA, even if antiepileptic drugs fully ameliorate
the effects of the impairment, if those drugs have "negative side
effects" that are substantially limiting in their own right. Id. at
2147. The Court further explained that individuals who "take medicine
for epilepsy" may still have an actual disability under the ADA if they
"take medicine to lessen the symptoms of an impairment so that they
can function but nevertheless remain substantially limited." Id. at
2149. Under Sutton, it is entirely possible for an individual taking
antiepileptic drugs to be substantially limited in one or more major
life activities due either to the negative effects of the medication
or the failure of the medication to fully ameliorate the effects of
the condition.
Notably, in Sutton, the Supreme Court drew substantial support
from the fact that the ADA cited a figure of 43 million Americans
with disabilities. See id. at 2147-49. The Court reasoned that,
in light of this figure, it made no sense to cover individuals
with correctable vision impairments, a class comprised of some 100
million Americans. Id. The statistics on epilepsy reveal an entirely
different picture. According to a recent study commissioned by the
Epilepsy Foundation, approximately 2.3 million Americans of all ages
have epilepsy. See Epilepsy Foundation: EpilepsyUSA Online News
Magazine, http://www.efa.org/news/epilepsyUSA/coststudy.html (citing
Charles E. Begley, et al., The Cost of Epilepsy in the United States:
An Estimate from Population-Based Clinical and Survey Data, EPILEPSIA,
Vol. 41, No. 2000). Of those 2.3 million, just over 1 million (44
percent) continue to have seizures despite treatment. Id. Of those
1 million, approximately 725,000 are adults under the age of 65. Id.
Covering individuals with epilepsy, particularly those with on-going
seizure activity, would not "break the bank" on coverage. To the
contrary, it would be well within Congress' estimate of 43 million
disabled, a figure that, while not without limits, belies any argument
that the protections of the ADA extend only to some narrow segment of
the population.
Based on the foregoing understanding of congressional intent, the burden
of showing a covered disability in cases of this nature should not be
an onerous one. Cf. Kirkingburg, 119 S. Ct. at 2169 (rejecting the
argument that monocular vision is a "per se" disability but opining
that, in light of the "medical literature," individuals with monocular
vision "'ordinarily' will meet the Act's definition of disability").
In this case, the evidence strongly supports a finding of disability
status under one of several evidentiary theories.
First, the existence of an actual disability can be established
under an "intermittent manifestation" theory. The ADA does not
cover temporary or short-term conditions that have a minor impact
on an individual's life. The statute does, however, cover chronic
conditions that manifest themselves on an intermittent basis, leading
to brief periods or episodes of debilitation. See Van Zande v. State
of Wisconsin Dep't of Admin., 44 F.3d 538, 544 (7th Cir. 1995)
(stating that "[o]ften the disabling aspect of a disability is,
precisely, [the] intermittent manifestation of the disability,
rather than the underlying impairment"); 2 EEOC Compliance Manual,
Interpretations (CCH) 902.4, 6884 at p. 5320 (1995) (stressing
that "some chronic conditions may constitute substantially limiting
impairments" even if they are asymptomatic for substantial periods of
time). This case fits squarely into the intermittent manifestation box.
Turpin's epileptic seizures are a "life-long phenomena." J.A. at 339.
Turpin experiences both nocturnal and daytime seizures on a regular,
ongoing basis. During those seizures, Turpin is "completely unaware
of, and unresponsive to, her surroundings," id. at 338, leading to
substantial limitations -- while the seizure persists -- on a plethora
of major life activities, e.g., walking, hearing, lifting, speaking,
performing manual tasks. Because Turpin's permanent epilepsy, with its
intermittent manifestations, has "a high likelihood of recurrence in
substantially limiting forms," 2 EEOC Compliance Manual Interpretations
(CCH) 902.4, 6884, at p. 5320, Turpin's condition satisfies the
statutory threshold for an actual disability.
The district court found that "Turpin's complex partial seizure episodes
were simply too temporary to constitute a substantial limitation on any
major life activity." J.A. at 354. This misses the point. Turpin's
seizures "would last only a few minutes." Id. at 353. The seizures,
however, were not sporadic. They occurred with some frequency, both at
night and during the day, and were incapacitating for the duration of the
seizure. An impairment is substantially limiting when an individual is
"significantly restricted as to the condition, manner or duration under
which [the] individual can perform a particular major life activity" as
compared to "the average person in the general population." 29 C.F.R.
1630.2(j)(1)(ii). The average person in the general population does
not experience recurring episodes -- of up to two minutes in length --
during which the person is in an incapacitated state, unable to perform
a host of major life activities. An individual with epilepsy who is
prone to seizures that are temporarily debilitating has "a condition
[that] obviously limits [him] in significant ways." EEOC v. Kinney Shoe
Corp., 917 F. Supp. 419, 425 (W.D. Va. 1996), aff'd on other grounds,
104 F.3d 683 (4th Cir. 1997); see Reynolds v. Brock, 815 F.2d 571,
573-74 (9th Cir. 1987) (citing the "inescapable conclusion" that an
individual with epilepsy has a substantially limiting impairment if the
individual is not seizure-free); Rowles v. Automated Prod. Sys., Inc.,
92 F. Supp. 2d 424, 429 (M.D. Pa. 2000) (reasonable juror could conclude
that plaintiff was disabled where, despite the use of medication,
plaintiff was still at risk of occasional, substantially limiting
seizures); Eckles v. Consolidated Rail Corp., 890 F. Supp. 1391, 1399 &
n.4 (S.D. Ind. 1995) (fact issue exists as to whether plaintiff who is
experiencing seizures while medicated is substantially limited in major
life activities; noting assumption in legislative history that "the
employee with epilepsy will be found disabled"), aff'd on other grounds,
94 F.3d 1041 (7th Cir. 1996); Sunkett v. Olsten Temporary Servs., 1995
WL 507044, *4 n.5 (N.D. Cal. 1995) (individual with epileptic condition
that triggers occasional seizures "clearly" has a physical impairment
that substantially limits major life activities), rev'd on other grounds,
1997 WL 349049 (9th Cir. 1997); Vazquez v. Bedsole, 888 F. Supp. 727, 731
(E.D.N.C. 1995) (plaintiff with epilepsy who has seizures on semi-regular
basis is "disabled" for purposes of summary judgment).
Alternatively, disability can be established under the theory that
the cumulative weight of Turpin's impairment substantially limited her
ability to care for herself. See 29 C.F.R. 1630.2(i) (listing "caring
for oneself" as a major life activity). Turpin's epileptic seizures
cannot be assessed in a vacuum. When she had nocturnal seizures,
Turpin would bite her tongue, "causing eating and drinking problems
the next day." J.A. at 337. "These nocturnal seizures would leave
Turpin feeling tired in the morning, as if she had not caught a wink of
sleep." Id. Turpin's daytime seizures left her feeling "'spaced out'
for a short period of time, as she would feel dizzy, weak, nervous, and
upset, and would need to go off by herself to recover." Id. at 353.
Turpin, moreover, had a residual loss in her capacity to think and
concentrate, leading to repeated incidents of memory loss. "Chronic,
episodic conditions can easily limit how well a person performs an
activity as compared to the rest of the population: repeated flare-ups
of poor health can have a cumulative weight that wears down a person's
resolve and continually breaks apart longer-term projects." Taylor
v. Phoenixville Sch. Dist., 184 F.3d 296, 309 (3d Cir. 1999).
The cumulative impact of epilepsy, on an individual such as Turpin,
is profound. Seizures are, by their very nature, unpredictable.
Individuals who experience seizures on an on-going basis live in
constant fear of another seizure. See Epilepsy Foundation, Epilepsy:
A Report to the Nation 11 (1999) (reporting that 50 percent of people
with epilepsy cite the fear of another seizure as the single worst
thing about living with epilepsy). Many individuals with epilepsy
make alterations in their daily behavior and schedule to minimize the
risk of seizure. Many rely upon the assistance of others to combat the
residual effects of seizure activity. In this case, alterations were
made in Turpin's daily living to ensure that Turpin was not placed in any
"situation" that would increase the risk of seizure. J.A. at 272-73.
Turpin, moreover, was assisted by her husband in carrying out daily
activities on those occasions when Turpin had daytime seizures or break
downs in memory resulting from the seizure activity. Turpin's husband
also helped Turpin manage her sometimes harrowing nocturnal seizures.
Turpin, although not incapable of caring for herself, was substantially
burdened in her ability to do so, thus triggering the protections
of the ADA. See Rowles, 92 F. Supp. 2d at 429 (epilepsy was a
substantially limiting impairment where the plaintiff was required
to make significant alterations in his daily living to mitigate the
effects of the condition); cf. Sutton, 119 S. Ct. at 2149 (finding that
the plaintiffs' vision impairment was not substantially limiting where
the plaintiffs could fully ameliorate the effects of the impairment by
simply putting on a pair of eyeglasses).
Finally, the evidence supports a finding that Turpin was substantially
limited in the specific major life activities of sleeping and
thinking.<5> There is no dispute that Turpin experienced nocturnal
seizures on a regular and ongoing basis. Although the district court
reduced the effects of Turpin's seizures to "fitful nights of sleep
twice a week," J.A. at 350, this trivializes Turpin's condition.
Turpin's nocturnal seizures "were characterized by shaking, kicking,
salivating, and bed wetting." Id. at 337. Turpin would bite her tongue
during nocturnal seizures and would awaken "to find her bed covers tossed
onto the floor and her arm or leg bruised." Id. On one occasion, Turpin
woke up on the floor in the middle of the night with paramedics hovering
over her. An impairment is substantially limiting when an individual is
significantly restricted as to the "manner" or "condition" under which
the individual performs a major life activity, as compared to the average
person in the general population. 29 C.F.R. 1630.2(j)(1). The average
person in the general population, even one who experiences "fitful nights
of sleep," does not inflict physical injury on herself, nor shake, kick,
salivate, and bed wet while sleeping.<6> A reasonable jury could find
that Turpin's impairment had a substantial impact on Turpin's ability
to sleep. See generally Franklin v. Consolidated Edison Co. of New
York, Inc., 1999 WL 796170, **11-12 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 30, 1999) (evidence
that medication taken to combat the effects of epilepsy produced "mild
sedation and insomnia" sufficient to support a finding that plaintiff
was substantially limited in the major life activity of sleeping).
Turpin's impairment also imposed a substantial limitation on her ability
to think. Again, there is no dispute that Turpin's seizures resulted in
some memory loss. The district court's reference to Turpin "forgetting
things twice or thrice on a weekly basis" understates the quality of
the Commission's evidence. It is perhaps true that many "adults in the
general population suffer from a few incidents of forgetfulness a week."
J.A. at 352. But does the average adult routinely forget how many doses
of medication they have taken during a day? Does the average adult have
to rely upon another adult to help her remember daily tasks? Does the
average adult start blowing the horn in her car and, when asked about
the incident a short time later, forget what she had done? Does the
average adult get lost on a routine visit to her doctor, completely
forgetting the location of the doctor's office? This evidence supports
a finding of a substantially limiting impairment.
C. Turpin's Proposed Accommodation Was Not Unreasonable As A Matter
Of Law
The second issue raised by this appeal concerns Sara Lee's obligation
to provide a reasonable accommodation for Turpin's epilepsy (assuming
the condition constitutes a covered disability). On this point, the
district court ruled that Turpin's proposed accommodation -- being
permitted to stay in her first shift position -- was unreasonable as a
matter of law, since it conflicted with Sara Lee's seniority policy.
There are "many ADA cases holding that reasonable accommodation does
not require modifying a collectively-bargained-for seniority policy."
J.A. at 357. This case, however, does not involve a collective
bargaining agreement. It involves a self-imposed seniority policy
that, by its terms, is subject to adjustment or exception at Sara Lee's
discretion. In this case, moreover, Turpin was not seeking reassignment
to an entirely new position that was otherwise guaranteed to a more
senior employee. Turpin was asking for a relatively minor adjustment
in her work schedule, one that would permit her to continue working in
a shift that accommodated her disability. See 42 U.S.C. 12111(9)(B)
(defining reasonable accommodation to include "part-time or modified work
schedules"). Courts have dismissed claims of reasonable accommodation,
as a matter of law, when the proposed accommodation would require an
employer to reassign a disabled employee to a position that is slotted
for a more senior employee under the terms of a collective bargaining
agreement. See, e.g., Eckles v. Consolidated Rail Corp., 94 F.3d 1041
(7th Cir. 1996). Where, as here, the proposed accommodation merely
implicates the employer's own seniority policies, the accommodation is
not per se unreasonable. See Smith v. Midland Brake, Inc., 180 F.3d
1154, 1175-76 (10th Cir. 1999) (en banc) (distinguishing between cases
involving reassignment to a position for which another employee has
a "vested priority right" under the terms of a collective bargaining
agreement, where the accommodation is per se unreasonable, and cases
involving an accommodation that merely implicates the employer's own
seniority system, where the accommodation may be legally required).<7>
The district court opined that "the accommodation sought by Turpin
would have required Sara Lee to give preference to Turpin and her
disability over another employee," and "it is clear that the ADA
requires nothing more than that employers treat disabled and non-disabled
employees equally with respect to personnel decisions." J.A. at 358.
This too narrowly defines the scope of protection under the ADA.
The central purpose of the ADA is to enhance the employability of
disabled individuals by requiring employers to make "modifications
to existing facilities and practices." 42 U.S.C. 12101(a)(5).
To carry out that purpose, the ADA defines "not making reasonable
accommodations" as a form of unlawful discrimination under the ADA.
42 U.S.C. 12112(b)(5)(A) (emphasis added). The ADA requires an
employer to assist a disabled individual by making modifications or
adjustments "to a job application process," "the work environment," or
"the manner or circumstances under which the position held or desired
is customarily performed." 29 C.F.R. 1630.2(o)(1). The result of
these modifications and adjustments, in many cases, is that a disabled
individual is able to obtain an employment opportunity that might have
otherwise gone to a non-disabled individual (because, for example,
the disabled individual is able to perform the essential functions
of a job with special assistive devices provided by an employer).
The ADA does not simply require that employers treat "disabled and
non-disabled employees equally." The statute imposes a duty of
reasonable accommodation on employers in recognition of the unique
barriers to employment confronting the disabled. See Garcia-Ayala
v. Lederle Parenterals, Inc., 2000 WL 622816, *6 n.9 (1st Cir. May 18,
2000) (employer's argument "that there was no intent to discriminate
based on disability misses the important point that the ADA does more
than prohibit disparate treatment;" "[i]t also imposes an affirmative
obligation to provide reasonable accommodation to disabled employees");
Kells v. Sinclair Buick-GMC Truck, Inc., 2000 WL 489753, *5 (8th
Cir. April 27, 2000) ("In addition to prohibiting discrimination on
account of disability, the ADA imposes an affirmative duty on employers
to provide 'reasonable accommodations' . . ."); Stevens v. Illinois
Dep't of Transp., 2000 WL 365947, *4 (7th Cir. April 11, 2000) (ADA
"is tailored to achieving its goal . . . by forbidding employment
discrimination against the disabled and imposing an affirmative duty
to provide reasonable accommodation on public and private employers")
(emphasis added); Smith, 180 F.3d at 1165 (stating that the ADA's
"reassignment obligation must mean something more than merely allowing
a disabled person to compete equally with the rest of the world for a
vacant position"); Aka v. Washington Hosp. Ctr., 156 F.3d 1284, 1304-05 &
n.29 (D.C. Cir. 1998) (en banc) (stressing that the ADA's accommodation
obligation "means something more than treating a disabled employee like
any other job applicant"); L.C. v. Olmstead, 138 F.3d 893, 899 (11th
Cir. 1998) (ADA "does not only mandate that individuals with disabilities
be treated the same as persons without such disabilities;" "individuals
with disabilities must be accorded reasonable accommodations not accorded
to other persons in order to ensure that individuals with disabilities
enjoy 'equality of opportunity, full participation, independent living,
and economic self-sufficiency'"), aff'd in part, vacated in part on other
grounds, 119 S. Ct. 2176 (1999); Borkowski v. Valley Central Sch. Dist.,
63 F.3d 131, 143 (2d Cir. 1995) (rejecting employer's argument that
disability claim failed absent evidence of disparate treatment;
employer had "affirmative obligation" to make reasonable accommodation
to the plaintiff's known disabilities); Dunlap v. Association of Bay
Area Gov'ts, 996 F. Supp. 962, 966 (N.D. Cal. 1998) (stressing that,
"under the ADA, a person with a disability need not prove that she was
treated differently from non-disabled individuals;" "[d]iscrimination
may be shown precisely where the defendant treated plaintiff the same as
everyone around her, despite her need for reasonable accommodation").
In enacting the ADA, Congress was well aware of the plight of
the disabled population. Congress cited the "staggering levels of
unemployment and poverty" among the millions of "people with disabilities
[who] want to work but cannot find a job." H.R. Rep. No. 485(II),
101st Cong., 2d Sess. 32-33, reprinted in 1990 U.S.C.C.A.N. at 314-15.
Congress recognized that, in the absence of the affirmative protection
provided by the reasonable accommodation requirement, many disabled
individuals would be forced to resort to "insurance payments or
government benefits for support." Id. At bottom, Congress envisioned
the ADA as a tool for combating the systematic underemployment of
the disabled, with its resulting social and fiscal costs, treating
the failure to accommodate as a form of unlawful discrimination.
Requiring an employer to make adjustments in a self-imposed seniority
policy, thus permitting a disabled individual to continue working at
her job, is fully consistent with the purposes of the ADA. Id. at
63, reprinted in 1990 U.S.C.C.A.N. at 345 (expressing the desire that
disabled employees be retained in their jobs, if at all possible, to
"prevent the employee from being out of work and [the] employer from
losing a valuable worker").
This does not mean that employers in cases of this nature have no
defense to a claim of reasonable accommodation. Under an undue hardship
analysis, an employer can defeat an otherwise valid accommodation if the
accommodation would "constitute a fundamental and unreasonable alteration
in the nature of the employer's business." Smith, 180 F.3d at 1176;
see 29 C.F.R. 1630.2(p) (setting forth the undue hardship standard).
In this case, Sara Lee argues that such an undue hardship would result
because Sara Lee's employees view the seniority policy as "sacred."
J.A. at 340. The evidence shows, however, that Sara Lee retains the
right to make adjustments to its policy as it sees fit.<8> The policy,
as written, does not apply to plant closings, leaving Sara Lee free
to carry out these closings (and transfers) without regard to its
seniority policy, as it has on at least one occasion. According to
Sara Lee's own officials, the company is free to modify the seniority
policy when the company perceives such a modification to be in its
"best interest." Id. at 320. It cannot be said, on this record,
that permitting Turpin to work the first shift would have produced a
"fundamental and unreasonable alteration" in the nature of Sara Lee's
business.<9> See Smith, 180 F.3d at 1176 (suggesting that a seniority
policy, not rooted in a collective bargaining agreement, would have
to be, at a minimum, firmly "entrenched" in the industry to support an
undue hardship argument).
D. Sara Lee Did Not Provide A Reasonable Accommodation By Limiting
Turpin To The Options Made Available Under A Rote
Application Of Sara Lee's Self-Imposed Seniority
Policy
The district court also ruled that Sara Lee was not, in any event,
required to provide Turpin's proposed accommodation because Sara Lee's
offer of one of three options -- a second or third shift position, lay
off, or seniority package -- constituted a reasonable accommodation in
its own right. This is a nonsensical ruling. The three options offered
by Sara Lee were not accommodations, designed to overcome the "precise
limitations imposed by [Turpin's] disability." Interpretive Guidance
on Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act, 29 C.F.R. Pt. 1630,
App. 1630.2(o). They were options that flowed from a rote application
of Sara Lee's self-imposed seniority policy, the same options extended
to any individual being bumped from the first shift by virtue of
the seniority policy. By definition, an accommodation is a "change
in the work environment or in the way things are customarily done."
Id. (emphasis added). In this case, Sara Lee did not "change" anything;
it steadfastly adhered to its self-imposed seniority policy in the face
of Turpin's request for accommodation.
The district court's assertion that Turpin should have "attempted
to adjust her body to a new (and regular) sleeping pattern under the
second or third shift" (J.A. at 362) ignores the fact that Turpin's
own physician, in consultation with Turpin's specialist, Dr. Healy,
had advised that such a change could exacerbate Turpin's seizures.
Although Sara Lee's in-house "Medical Director" expressed the opinion
that the change in shift would not affect Turpin so long as Turpin worked
a non-rotating shift, this individual never examined Turpin and was not
a specialist in neurological conditions. Dr. Healy, a neurologist with
first-hand knowledge of Turpin's condition, offered a different opinion,
to wit, that "for this particular patient and for any seizure patient
working during the day on first shift and sleeping at night is the most
ideal situation;" that "[p]eople do not sleep as well during the day
as they do at night and actually the best sleep there is is the sleep
that you get before midnight;" that any change to a second or third
shift position could have the immediate consequence of intensifying
Turpin's seizure activity, leading to even greater seizure activity in
the long run, given the medical evidence "that if a seizure happens,
then it's more apt to repeat." Id. at 108-09, 306.
Critically, Sara Lee never spoke with Dr. Healy at the time of the
events in question and, thus, never attempted, through the interactive
process contemplated under the ADA (see 29 C.F.R. 1630.2(o)(3)),<10> to
"identify the precise limitations imposed by the disability and explore
potential accommodations that would overcome those limitations."
Interpretive Guidance on Title I of the Americans with Disabilities
Act, 29 C.F.R. Pt. 1630, App. 1630.2(o). To the contrary, Sara Lee
sought to force Turpin into a shift that, based on the best available
medical evidence, posed a substantial risk of aggravating her disabling
condition. Under these circumstances, any contention that Sara Lee
provided a reasonable accommodation by offering a second or third shift
position to Turpin falls of its own weight.
CONCLUSION
The district court erred in granting summary judgment on the Commission's
ADA claim. The court's grant of summary judgment should be reversed and
the case remanded.
Respectfully Submitted,
C. GREGORY STEWART
General Counsel
PHILIP B. SKLOVER
Associate General Counsel
LORRAINE C. DAVIS
Assistant General Counsel
ROBERT J. GREGORY
Senior Attorney
EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY
COMMISSION
1801 L Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20507
June 12, 2000 (202) 663
1 As the district court noted,
the Commission alleges that Turpin was unlawfully discharged from Sara
Lee on May 31, 1997. Thus, the "relevant time period for assessing her
disability is the period surrounding her May 1997 discharge." Id. at
337.
2 The precise number of daytime seizures experienced by Turpin is
unclear. Turpin's husband, Benjamin Gethers, testified that, as of
the date of his deposition (in 1999), Turpin was experiencing one or
two daytime seizures a week. Id. at 272. Gethers was not around Turpin
as much in 1997 and, thus, was unable to pinpoint a precise number of
daytime seizures for that time frame. Gethers testified, nonetheless,
that he had observed Turpin experiencing "a lot" of daytime seizures
during 1997. Id. at 275.
3 The Commission relies solely upon the "actual" disability prong of
the ADA's definition of disability. See 42 U.S.C. 12102(2)(A). The
Commission does not argue for coverage under either the "regarded as" or
"record of" prong of that definition. See 42 U.S.C. 12102(2)(B)-(C).
4 To be sure, in discussing the status of epilepsy as a covered
disability under the ADA, Congress appeared to assume that disability
status under the ADA was to be determined without regard to mitigating
measures, see, e.g., H.R. Rep. No. 485(II), 101st Cong., 2d Sess. 52,
reprinted in 1990 U.S.C.C.A.N. at 334, an assumption rejected by
the Supreme Court in Sutton v. United Air Lines, Inc., 119 S. Ct. at
2146-49. The fact remains, however, that Congress viewed epilepsy
as a substantially limiting impairment, at least in those cases where
its effects were not readily controlled by medication. More generally,
Congress assumed that the protections of the ADA, including the statute's
reasonable accommodation requirement, would extend to large numbers of
individuals with epilepsy.
5 The district court agreed with the Commission that sleeping and
thinking are major life activities within the meaning of the ADA.
J.A. at 347-48; see Smoke v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 2000 WL 192806, *3
(10th Cir. Feb. 17, 2000) (citing thinking as a major life activity);
McAlindin v. County of San Diego, 192 F.3d 1226, 1234 (9th Cir. 1999)
(citing sleeping as a major life activity); Taylor, 184 F.3d at 307
(citing thinking as a major life activity); Pack v. Kmart Corp., 166
F.3d 1300, 1305 (10th Cir.) (citing sleeping as a major life activity),
cert. denied, 120 S. Ct. 45 (1999); Colwell v. Suffolk County Police
Dep't, 158 F.3d 635, 643 (2d Cir. 1998) (citing sleeping as a major life
activity), cert. denied, 526 U.S. 1018 (1999); Enforcement Guidance
on the Americans with Disabilities Act and Psychiatric Disabilities,
EEOC Notice 915.002 (March 25, 1997), reprinted in 2 EEOC Compliance
Manual Interpretations (CCH) 902, 6906, at p.5399 (citing sleeping,
thinking, and concentrating as major life activities).
6 The district court faulted the Commission for failing to produce
"any evidence regarding the average person's ability to sleep soundly."
J.A. at 350. The Commission, however, was not required to adduce specific
evidence showing that the average adult does not salivate, bed wet,
bruise herself, or severely bite her tongue while sleeping. A jury,
relying upon its common sense and life experience, could reasonably infer
that Turpin's sleeping habits did not mirror those of the average person.
See Lowe v. Angelo's Italian Foods, Inc., 87 F.3d 1170, 1174 (10th
Cir. 1996) (rejecting the argument that the plaintiff was required, as
a matter of law, to produce specific evidence comparing her capacities
to those of an average person in order to raise a question of fact on
the issue of disability).
7 The district court cited Barnett v. U.S. Air, Inc., 196
F.3d 979 (9th Cir. 1999), as rejecting the distinction between
collectively-bargained-for seniority systems and self-imposed seniority
systems. The Ninth Circuit has granted en banc review in Barnett.
201 F.3d 1256 (Feb. 1, 2000).
8 This fact undercuts Sara Lee's argument, in the district court, that
no distinction should be made between a self-imposed seniority rule and
a seniority rule embodied in a collective bargaining agreement because
the implied contract doctrine binds employers to statements made in
policies and manuals issued by the employer. Although South Carolina law
recognizes the implied contract doctrine, see Small v. Springs Indus.,
Inc., 357 S.E.2d 452 (S.C. 1987), it does so where the employer makes
explicit assurances that the provisions of an employer policy will
"always" be followed. Id. at 453-55 (stressing that if an employer
"wishes to issue policies, manuals, or bulletins as purely advisory
statements with no intent of being bound by them," it can merely insert
"a conspicuous disclaimer or provision into the written document"); see
also Gorrill v. Icelandair/Flugleidir, 761 F.2d 847, 852 (2d Cir. 1985)
(seniority rule in Operations Manual was binding on employer where
employer made "repeated oral and written assurances" that the Manual was
"controlling"); Bumstead v. Jasper County, 931 F. Supp. 1323, 1328-29
(E.D. Tex. 1996) (promises made in an employee manual may bind the
employer where the manual is "not subject to unilateral modification" by
the employer). The language in Sara Lee's seniority policy -- reserving
the company's right "to make modification changes to the provisions of
[the] policy" (J.A. at 42) -- seems carefully calculated to avoid the
imposition of binding obligations under an implied contract theory.
9 The undue hardship issue was raised during the deposition of Sara
Lee's Employee Relations Manager, Cliff Metcalf. When asked "what would
have been the effect on Sara Lee's operations" if "an exception had
been made in Vanessa Turpin's case," Metcalf responded, "[t]hat would be
hard to answer because I think the effect on Sara Lee's operations would
depend on the extent that that would have had an effect from employees
relations standpoint." J.A. at 324. This tepid response hardly supports
an undue hardship defense. It also reveals that the company gave little
thought to the issue (if any) when it chose to dismiss Turpin's proposed
accommodation and "stick with the seniority policy." Id. at 135.
10 The failure to engage in the interactive process does not, by
itself, give rise to an independent violation of the ADA. See, e.g.,
Rehling v. City of Chicago, 207 F.3d 1009, 1015 (7th Cir. 2000) (because
the interactive process "is not an end in itself," employer's refusal
to engage in the interactive process does not, by itself, establish
a violation of the ADA); Willis v. Conopco, Inc., 108 F.3d 282, 285
(11th Cir. 1997) (same). Nonetheless, when the employer fails to
engage in the interactive process or causes the process to break down
(as Sara Lee did here), the employer bears the risk of liability for
a failure to accommodate that could have been avoided through better
communication with the employee. See Fjellestad v. Pizza Hut of Am.,
Inc., 188 F.3d 944, 951-52 (8th Cir. 1999) (holding that "for purposes of
summary judgment, the failure of an employer to engage in an interactive
process to determine whether reasonable accommodations are possible is
prima facie evidence that the employer may be acting in bad faith");
Taylor, 184 F.3d at 311-20 (summary judgment is typically improper
on claim of reasonable accommodation where there is evidence that the
employer did not act in good faith in carrying out its obligations under
the interactive process).
| en |
markdown | 128349 | # Presentation: 128349
## Self-Assembly of Binary Phospholipids Mixtures
- Yellow Group:
- Peter Bowerman
- Andrea Hamill
- Ashish Jha
- Theresa LaFollette
- Tiffany Wilson
- Chaofang Yue
- Summer School June 2006
## Experimental Background
- Long and short tail lipids dissolved in solution
- Useful in aligning proteins in solution to aid in structural NMR characterization
- SANS can be used to characterize the structures formed by lipid mixture at low temperature
## Experiment Objectives
**To determine the average dimensions of the self-assembled aggregate**
- derived from a Guinier analysis of the scattering at low Q
- **Determine the shape of the self-assembled aggregate **
- analyzing the scattering curves with different models
**Determine the internal structure of the self-assembled aggregate**
- using selective deuteration in order to highlight only one lipid in the lipid mixture
**Characterize the morphology of the lipid mixture**
- fitting simultaneously scattering curves from mixtures of hydrogenated and deuterated lipids
## Experiment Details
- DMPC = C36H72NO8P DHPC = C20H40NO8P
## Experiment Details
- Samples (ratio DMPC/DHPC is 3 to 1)
- 5% DMPC/DHPC in D2O
- 5% d-DMPC/DHPC in D2O
- 2% DMPC/DHPC in D2O
- 5% DMPC/DHPC in D2O with NaCl
- The 2% samples phase separated, no analysis
- Distance(1m, 4.5m, 15.3m)
- Measurements
- Neutrons scattered by sample
- Transmission (sample dependent)
- Empty Cell (distance and sample dependent)
- Blocked Beam (distance and sample dependent)
## Instrument- NG-7 SANS
## Instrument Characteristics
| Source | Neutron guide (NG-7), cross section: 50 mm x 50 mm |
| --- | --- |
| Monochromator | Mechanical velocity selector with variable speed and pitch |
| Wavelength Range | 5.0 to 20.0 Å |
| Wavelength Resolution | 10% to 22% Δλ/λ(FWHM) |
| Source-to-Sample Distance | 4 to 16 m in 1.5 m steps via insertion of guide sections |
| Sample-to-Detector Distance | 1.0 to 15.3 m continuously variable |
| Collimation | Circular pinhole collimation or focusing biconcave lenses |
| Sample Size | 5 to 25 mm diameter |
| Q-range | 0.008 to 7.0 Å-1 |
| Size Regime | 1 to 500 nm |
| Detector | 640mm x 640 mm 3He position-sensitive proportional counter (5 mm x 5 mm resolution) |
- Instrument Characteristics
## Data
## Reasoning – Different Shapes
## Core-Shell Cylinder
## Results - Hydrogenated
## Global Analysis Polydispersed Core-Shell Cylinder
## Results - Deuterated
## Final Model
- 56 A
- 12 A
- 53 A
- See physical model for better visualization
## Conclusion
- The mixture forms a bicelle shape common among surfactants with different tail lengths
- For NG-7 SANS testing information, refer to the website
- _[website](http://www.ncnr.nist.gov/programs/sans/scientists/butler_paul.html)_ | en |
converted_docs | 691694 | **SECTION L -- ATTACHMENT C - INSTRUCTIONS FOR SMALL BUSINESS
SUBCONTRACTING PLAN**
Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), paragraph 19.708 (b) prescribes
the use of the clause at FAR 52.219-9 entitled "Small Business
Subcontracting Plan." The following is a suggested model for use when
formulating such subcontracting plan. While this model plan has been
designed to be consistent with FAR 52.219-9, other formats of a
subcontracting plan may be acceptable. However, failure to include the
essential information as exemplified in this model may cause a delay in
plan review and approval. The use of this model is not intended to waive
other requirements that may be applicable under FAR 52.219-9.
"Subcontract," as used in this clause, means any agreement (other than
one involving an employer-employee relationship) entered into by a
Federal Government prime contractor or subcontractor calling for
supplies or services required for performance of the contract or
subcontract.
[MODEL SUBCONTRACTING PLAN OUTLINE]{.underline}
Contractor:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Address:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Solicitation Number: DE-RP52-06NA27344
Item/Service: [Management and Operation of the Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory and associated activities]{.underline}
Amount of Contract for Combined FY 2008: Estimated
\$\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Period of Contract Performance:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Type of Plan (Check One)
> \_\_\_\_\_ [Individual Plan]{.underline} (All elements developed
> specifically for this contract and applicable for the full term of
> this contract.)
>
> \_\_\_\_\_ [Master Plan]{.underline} (Goals developed for this
> contract; all other elements standard; must be renewed every three
> years.) (See FAR 52.219-9(f)(1)-(3)).
>
> \_\_\_\_\_ [Commercial Plan]{.underline} (Contractor sells large
> quantities of off-the-shelf commercial items to many Government
> agencies. Plans/goals are negotiated by a lead agency on a
> company-wide basis rather than for individual contracts. Plan
> effective only during the year for which it is approved. The
> Contractor must provide a copy of the lead agency approval). (See FAR
> 19.704(d) and 52.219-9(g).
I. [Goals]{.underline}
> The Contractor shall submit its proposed subcontracting goals 60 days
> prior to the beginning of each fiscal year during the term of this
> contract, or by such other date as authorized in writing by the
> Contracting Officer. This submittal shall include goals for Small
> Business concern (SB), Veteran-owned Small Business concern (VOSB),
> Service-disabled Veteran-owned Small Business concern (SDVOSB),
> HUBZone Small Business concern (HubSB), Small Disadvantaged Business
> concern (SDB), and Women-owned Small Business concern (WOSB),
> collectively referred to as "small business concerns". It is easier in
> the document than ensuring all the categories are mentioned. The goals
> will negotiate once each fiscal year and will be set forth by letter
> as agreed to by the Contractor and Contracting Officer.
>
> The proposed goals shall be based upon the estimated budget and
> commercial purchases, including those for Large Business concerns
> (LB), which will be derived from the current fiscal year budget. Goals
> may be changed within the first six months of each fiscal year by
> agreement between the Contracting Officer and the Contractor if there
> is a cancellation or an addition of program or project funding. Goals
> for the utilization of SB, VOSB, SDVOSB, HubSB, SDB, and WOSB
> subcontractors shall be submitted as follows unless otherwise required
> by the Contracting Officer.
>
> The goals shall be expressed in both dollars and percentages for LB,
> SB, VOSB, SDVOSB, HubSB, SDB, and WOSB.
>
> A. The following percentage goals (expressed in terms of a percentage
> of total planned subcontracting dollars) are applicable to the
> contract period Year One.
>
> 1\. The total estimated dollar value of all planned subcontracting (to
> all types of business concerns) under this contract is
> \$\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (100%)
a. [LB Concerns]{.underline}. Total estimated dollar value and percent
of planned subcontracting with large businesses (all business
concerns classified as "other than small") (% of 1. above):
\$\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_[%]{.underline}.
b. [SB Concerns]{.underline}. Total estimated dollar value and percent
of planned subcontracting with small businesses (include SB, VOSB,
SDVOSB, HubSB, SDB, and WOSB concerns) (% of 1. above):
\$\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_%
c. [VOSB Concerns]{.underline}. Total estimated dollar value and
percent of planned subcontracting with veteran-owned small
businesses (% of 1. above): \$\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_%. This amount is included in the amount shown
under A.1.b, above, as a subset.
d. [SDVOSB Concerns]{.underline}. Total estimated dollar value and
percent of planned subcontracting with service-disabled
veteran-owned small businesses (% of 1. above):
\$\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_%. This amount is
included in the amount shown under A.1.b, above, as a subset.
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e. [HubSB Concerns]{.underline}. Total estimated dollar value and
percent of planned subcontracting with HUBZone small businesses (%
of 1. above): \$\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_%.
This amount is included in the amount shown under A.1.b, above, as a
subset.
f. [SDB Concerns]{.underline}. Total estimated dollar value and percent
of planned subcontracting with small disadvantaged businesses (%
of 1. above): \$\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_%.
This amount is included in the amount shown under A.1.b, above, as a
subset.
g. [WOSB Concerns]{.underline}. Total estimated dollar value and
percent of planned subcontracting with small women-owned businesses
(% of 1. above): \$\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_%.
This amount is included in the amount shown under A.1.b, above, as a
subset.
> B. A description of all the types of products and/or services that
> will be acquired under this contract is necessary to determine how the
> subcontracted dollars are to be spent.
>
> 1\. The following principal products and/or services will be
> subcontracted under this contract, and the types of businesses
> supplying them are as follows:
>
> Business Size\
> (Other, SB, VOSB Subcontract %
>
> Subcontracted SDVOSB, SDB, Description or
>
> [Product/Service]{.underline} [HubSB, SDB, WOSB]{.underline} [Dollar
> Amount]{.underline}
>
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
>
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
>
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
>
> (Attachment may be used if additional space is required.)
>
> 2\. Include a description of the method used to develop the
> subcontracting goals for SB, VOSB, SDVOSB, HubSB, SDB, and WOSB
> concerns; i.e., explain the method and state the quantitative basis
> (in dollars) used to establish the percentage goals; how the areas to
> be subcontracted to SB, VOSB, SDVOSB, HubSB, SDB, and WOSB concerns
> were determined; and how the capabilities of SB, VOSB, SDVOSB, HubSB,
> SDB, and WOSB were determined. Include any source lists used in the
> determination process.
>
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
>
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
>
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
>
> 3\. Indirect cost have\_\_\_\_ have not \_\_\_\_ been included in the
> dollar and percentage subcontracting goals stated above. (Check one)
>
> 4\. If indirect costs have been included, explain the method used to
> determine the proportionate share of such costs to be allocated as
> subcontracts to SB, VOSB, SDVOSB, HubSB, SDB, and WOSB concerns.
II\. [PROGRAM ADMINISTRATOR]{.underline}
> The subcontracting plan is to be administered by the contractor to
> assure that the provisions of applicable law and the plan are
> implemented and performed. Any change in the name of the program
> administrator will be communicated without delay to the Contracting
> Officer by letter and will not require an immediate contract
> modification. Such change(s), if any, will be included in the next
> applicable supplemental agreement Contract modification.
>
> The name, title, position within the corporate structure, and duties
> and responsibilities of the employee who will administer the
> contractor's subcontracting program.
>
> Name:
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
>
> Title:
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
>
> Address:
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
>
> Telephone #:
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
>
> Facsimile #:
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
>
> E-Mail:
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
>
> Duties: Has general overall responsibility for the contractor's
> subcontracting program, i.e., developing, preparing, and executing
> individual subcontracting plans and monitoring performance relative to
> the requirements of this particular plan. The actual duties of how the
> administrator will carry out the requirements of this individual plan
> should be stated here.
>
> These duties may include, but are not limited to, the following
> activities:
- Developing and maintaining bidders lists of SB, VOSB, SDVOSB, HubSB,
SDB, and WOSB concerns from as many sources as possible.
- Ensuring that procurement packages are structured to permit
participation of SB, VOSB, SDVOSB, HubSB, SDB, and WOSB concerns to
the maximum extent possible.
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- Ensuring inclusion of SB, VOSB, SDVOSB, HubSB, SDB, and WOSB
concerns whose capabilities coincide with solicitations requiring
their products or services.
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- Reviewing solicitations to identify and remove any statements,
clauses, etc., which may restrict or prohibit participation of SB,
VOSB, SDVOSB, HubSB, SDB, and WOSB concerns.
- Ensuring that proper documentation provided by bid proposal board if
selection not made to SB, VOSB, SDVOSB, HubSB, SDB, and WOSB concern
that provided low bid.
- Ensure establishment and maintenance of records of solicitations and
subcontract award activity.
- Attending or arranging for attendance of company counselors at
Business Opportunity Workshops, Minority Business Enterprise
Seminars, Trade Fairs, etc.
- Monitoring achievement of proposed goals.
- Preparing and submitting semi-annual and annual subcontract reports.
- Coordinating contractor\'s activities prior to and during conduct of
Federal agency compliance reviews.
- Other duties include:
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
>
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
>
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
>
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
>
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
>
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
III\. [EQUITABLE OPPORTUNITIES AND OUTREACH EFFORTS]{.underline}
> Describe efforts the Offeror will make to ensure that SB, VOSB,
> SDVOSB, HubSB, SDB, and WOSB concerns will have an equitable
> opportunity to compete for and secure subcontracts. These efforts may
> include, but are not limited to, the following activities:
>
> A. Outreach efforts to obtain sources:
>
> 1\. Contacting minority and small business trade associations;
>
> 2\. Contacting business development organizations;
>
> 3\. Attending small and minority business procurement conferences and
> trade fairs;
>
> 4\. Requesting sources from the Central Contractor Registration (CCR);
>
> 5\. Utilizing newspapers and magazine ads to encourage new sources.
>
> 6\. Other participation in efforts or activities to expand the
> socioeconomic database for this contract.
>
> 7\. Utilizing book references, catalogs, source lists, or other
> reference material to identify SB, VOSB, SDVOSB, HubSB, SDB, and WOSB
> sources before the acquisitions are placed by the buying activities.
>
> 8\. Additional Efforts
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
>
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
>
> B. Internal efforts to guide and encourage purchasing personnel:
>
> 1\. Presenting workshops, seminars, and training programs on
> requirements of this plan;
>
> 2\. Establishing, maintaining, and using SB, VOSB, SDVOSB, HubSB, SDB,
> and WOSB source lists, guides, and other data for soliciting
> subcontracts;
>
> 3\. Monitoring activities to evaluate compliance with the
> subcontracting plan; and
>
> 4\. Additional Efforts
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
IV\. [SUBCONTRACTING PLAN FLOWDOWN]{.underline}
> The contractor agrees to include the provisions under FAR 52.219-8,
> "Utilization of Small Business Concerns," in all subcontracts that
> offer further subcontracting opportunities. All subcontractors, except
> small business concerns, which receive subcontracts in excess of
> \$500,000 (\$1,000,000 for construction) must adopt and comply with a
> plan similar to the plan required by FAR 52.219-9 "Small Business
> Subcontracting Plan" (FAR 19.704). The prime contractor cannot alter
> this requirement.
V. [REPORTS AND SURVEYS]{.underline}
> The contractor gives assurance of:
>
> A. Cooperation in any studies or surveys that may be required by the
> contracting agency, or the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA).
>
> B. Submission of periodic reports, which show compliance with the
> subcontracting plan.
>
> C. The Contractor shall submit the Standard Form (SF) 294,
> "Subcontracting Report for Individual Contracts," and SF-295, "Summary
> Subcontract Report**,"** using the Government\'s Electronic
> Subcontract Reporting Systems (eSRS). The Contractor shall submit the
> SF-294 and SF-295 reports electronically to a single, government wide
> system, which can be accessed at the following website:
> [**www.esrs.gov**](http://www.esrs.gov/). The eSRS is a single
> reporting tool for all subcontracting plan accomplishments, will
> streamline the reporting process, and provide the Government with
> immediate access to the Contractor\'s subcontracting data. The
> Contractor shall be responsible for inputting accurate and complete
> reports into the eSRS. Contractor reporting of SF-294 and SF-295
> accomplishments using the eSRS will commence upon receipt of written
> notification from the Contracting Officer\'s Representative.
>
> D. Ensuring that large business subcontractors with subcontracting
> plans agree to submit Standard Forms 294 and 295, version 10/2001 or
> any other version as determined necessary by the Contracting Officer
> to comply with DOE/NNSA internal procedures/practices.
>
> [Reporting Period]{.underline} [Report Due]{.underline} [Due
> Date]{.underline}
>
> Oct 1 - Mar 31 SF 294 April 30^th^
# Apr 1 - Sep 30 SF 294 Oct 30th
> Oct 1 - Mar 31 SF 295 April 30th
>
> Oct 1 - Sep 30 SF 295 Oct 30th
>
> [Addresses for submitting SF 294 and SF 295]{.underline}: The
> completed original written reports shall be submitted to (1) the
> cognizant contracting officer elsewhere identified in the contract;
> (2) a courtesy copy to NNSA Service Center Small Business Program
> Manager at the following address: U.S. Department of Energy, NNSA
> Service Center, Small Business Program Office, Office of Business
> Services, P. O. Box 5400, Albuquerque, NM 87185; and, (3) a courtesy
> copy to the cognizant SBA Procurement Center Representative.
>
> VI\. [RECORDS AND PROCEDURES]{.underline}
>
> The following is a recitation of the types of records and procedures
> the contractor will maintain to demonstrate compliance with the
> requirements and goals in the subcontracting plan. These records will
> include, but are not limited to the following:
>
> A. If the prime contractor is not using CCR as its source for SB,
> VOSB, SDVOSB, HubSB, SDB, and WOSB concerns, list the names of guides
> and other data identifying such vendors;
>
> B. Organizations contacted in an attempt to locate SB, VOSB, SDVOSB,
> HubSB, SDB, and WOSB sources;
>
> C. On a contract-by-contract basis, records on each subcontract
> solicitation resulting in an award of more than \$100,000 indicating
> whether SB, VOSB, SDVOSB, SDB, and WOSB concerns were solicited, and
> if not, why not; and if applicable, the reason that the award was not
> made to a small business concern;
>
> D. Records to support other outreach efforts, e.g., contacts with
> minority and small business trade associations, attendance at small
> and minority business procurement conferences and trade fairs;
>
> E. Records to support internal guidance and encouragement provided to
> buyers through (1) workshops, seminars, training programs, incentive
> awards; and (2) monitoring of activities subcontract award data
> including the name, address, and business size of each subcontractor
> (this item is not required on a contract-by-contract basis for company
> or division-wide commercial plans);
>
> F. On a contract-by-contract basis, records to support subcontract
> award data including the name, address, and the business size of each
> subcontractor (this item is not required on a contract-by-contract
> basis for company or division-wide commercial plans); and
>
> G. Additional Records:
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
>
> This subcontracting plan was submitted by:
>
> Signed:
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\
> \
> Typed Name:
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\
> \
> Title:
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\
> \
> Date: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\
> \
> Phone No.: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
>
> PLAN CONCURRED ON BY:
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
>
> Lillian Retallack
>
> NNSA Service Center
>
> Small Business Program Manager
>
> Date: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
>
> PLAN ACCEPTED BY:
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
>
> NNSA Contracting Officer\
> \
> Date: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
| en |
markdown | 937496 | # Presentation: 937496
## XACML Service Interface
- Port type generated
- Uses XACML SAML 2.0 profile
- Services will need to implement port type
- Sample Authorization Service provided
- Returns a permit for any non-anonymous access that is not on a configured list
## XACML Authorization Callout
- PDP that can be configured to talk to any XACML Authorization Service
- Authorization service endpoint should be configured
- If a permit is returned for the said resource/action, a PERMIT is returned
- If deny is returned, DENY is returned
- If error occurs or no decision about request, INDETERMINATE is returned
## XACML Library
- Helper classes
- Construct query/decisions
- Attribute processing
- Missing pieces
- Signature
- Obligations
## Source code and details
- http://www-unix.mcs.anl.gov/~ranantha/xacmlPDP/ | en |
all-txt-docs | 424827 | September 24, 2003
Gretchen Cook-Anderson
Headquarters, Washington
(Phone: 202/358-0836)
John Bluck
Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif.
(Phone: 650/604-5026/9000)
Juan Bautista Rodriguez
Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Spain
(Phone: 011 34 91 520 1938)
RELEASE: 03-304
WEBCASTS FEATURE SCIENTISTS ON A MARS MISSION
NASA and Spanish scientists, who are developing ways to drill into
Mars in search of underground life, will take part in eight
worldwide, educational webcasts from their project site near Spain's
Rio Tinto River from Sept. 29 to Oct. 15.
NASA's Ames Research Center (ARC) scientist Carol Stoker will kick off
the webcast series on Sept. 29 at 10 a.m. EDT with a talk about the
Mars Analog Research and Technology Experiment (MARTE). According to
Stoker, mineral deposits like the ones the MARTE project is drilling
into may also be found in the Martian subsurface.
"Searching for subsurface life in the Rio Tinto system can be viewed
as a learning experience to teach scientists and technologists how to
search for life in the subsurface of Mars," explained Stoker,
principal investigator of the three-year experiment.
Scientists and engineers from NASA, U.S. universities and the Spanish
Centro De Astrobiología (Center for Astrobiology) hope to show how
robot systems could look for life below Mars' surface. Scientists
believe liquid water may exist deep underground on Mars. "In addition
to looking for evidence of subsurface life, we hope MARTE inspires
students to pursue careers in science and engineering," Stoker added.
"What's different about this course is that it offers real-time
transcription in both Spanish and English. So far, this has only been
done before with the French in 1998," said Mark Leon, deputy chief of
the ARC education office, which organized the programs. "Not only do
we have a live webcast, but we have live captioning," Leon said.
NASA will show lectures by Stoker and other scientists with subtitles
in both English and Spanish. The Internet lecture series has been
structured as a three-week, NASA subsidized, interactive course. The
series, called NASA Robotics for Research and Exploration, is worth
one unit of college credit at San Jose State University, San Jose,
Calif.
San Jose State University students enrolled in the course will be able
to ask questions using Internet chat technology. Members of the
worldwide Internet audience may monitor the lectures live through the
program Web site.
The other lecturers and their topics are:
Ricardo Amils of Spain's Centro De Astrobiología -- biology and
microbiology at Rio Tinto and the role of iron in biology
Todd Stevens of Portland State University, Portland, Ore. --
subsurface life
David Fernandez Remolar of Spain’s Instituto Nacional de Tecnica
Aerospacial (INTA) -- geology of the Rio Tinto region
Brian Glass of ARC -- issues and challenges for robotic drilling
Javier Gomez Elvira of INTA -- down hole instrumentation for Mars and
the borehole inspection system
Kennda Lynch of NASA's Johnson Space Center, Houston -- searching for
life on Mars and sample handling
Victor Parro of INTA -- instrumentation and searching for life on Mars
NASA's Astrobiology Science and Technology for Exploring Planets
program is funding the project. The Spanish contribution to the
project is supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia,
Comunidad de Madrid and the Instituto Nacional de Tecnica
Aeroespacial.
Educational webcasts enable students to watch live video courses,
listen and interact in real time with experts participating in the
programs. The schedule for the lectures is accessible on the Internet
at:
http://robotics.nasa.gov/courses/fall2003
and
http://www.cab.inta.es (en español)
For information about NASA Education programs on the Internet, visit:
http://education.nasa.gov
-end-
| en |
markdown | 947219 | # Presentation: 947219
## High Performance School Construction Guidelines
- John Brown
- State and Local Initiatives
- john_brown@nrel.gov
## Introduction
- Schools spend $7.8 billion on energy per year: more than computers and textbooks combined
- EnergySmart Schools estimates energy bills could be reduced by 25%
- This afternoon...
- Features of High Performance Schools
- Review of Guidelines Format and Content
- Examples from Districts Nationwide
**ESS is Part of the Department of Energy’s Office of Weatherization and Intergovernmental Rebuild America Program**
**Notes:**
I’d like to have a different graphic for Rebuild. This one doesn’t show up so well.
## Major DOE National Laboratories
**INEEL**
**NREL**
**Lawrence Berkeley**
**Lawrence Livermore**
**Los Alamos**
**Sandia**
**Pacific Northwest**
**Argonne**
**Brookhaven**
**NETL**
**Oak Ridge**
**Major DOE National Laboratories**
**National Nuclear Security Administration**
**Office of Science**
**Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy**
**Office of Nuclear Energy**
**Fossil Energy**
**Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by**
**Midwest Research Institute • Battelle**
**Savannah River**
## Major NREL Thrusts
- Hybrid Vehicles
- Alternative Fuels Utilization
**Building Technologies**
- Building Efficiency
- Zero Energy Buildings
**Federal Energy Management**
**Basic Energy Science**
- New Materials
- Chemical & Biological Sciences
**Analytical Studies**
**International**
**Wind**
- Large Scale
- Low Speed
**Solar**
- Photovoltaics
- Solar Thermal
**Biomass**
- Biorefineries
- Biosciences
**Geothermal**
**Hydrogen**
- Production
- Storage
- Delivery & End Use
- Systems Integration
**Distributed Energy**
- Distribution & Interconnection
- Thermal Systems
- Superconductivity
**Major NREL Thrusts**
**Only National Lab Dedicated to RE and EE**
## High Performance Schools mean High Performance Students
- Students with the most daylighting progressed
- 20% faster on math tests,
- And 26% faster on reading tests over a one year period
- (Heschong Mahone Group 1999, 2003)
- Better teaching environment
- Cost savings
- Environmental savings
**Notes:**
Picture was found on the web.
## HPS Component: Teaching Resource
* **Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy and Open Building Systems on Campus are effective ways to integrate math and science activities into daily study life*
**Notes:**
Nantucket Elementary School uses this grid-connected PV system to supplement the power it uses from the local utility. Owner: Nantucket Schools; Funding: Massachusetts Division of Energy Resources; PV array: 7.2 kWp, 2 arrays, 60 Solarex MSX-60 modules each; Installer: Ascension Technology; Inverter: 2 4-kW Omnion 2200; Mounting: stand-off on sloped roof jacks.
## Many shades of green...
**U.S. Green Building Council**
**American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers**
**Sustainable Building Industry Council**
**Energy Star for Buildings Award**
**Notes:**
These were all mentioned in the paper introduction.
The Energy Star image is from the guidelines. I think it may be a picture of the plaque for a building.
## DOE Guideline Documents
- National Best Practices Manual
- Architects, Engineers, Project Managers
- Energy Design Guidelines for High Performance Schools
- Architects, Engineers, Project Managers
- Superintendents, Principals, schools boards, Administrative Staff
**Notes:**
DOE also produces a set of High Performance/Green guidelines.
One set directed at Architets, Engineers and Project Managers – Technical Level Staff
Another set directed at Superintendents, Principals, School Board Members, Parents and teachers
## Climate Zone Specific Accounts for climate – dependent variability in building needs and performance demands
**Notes:**
The guidelines produced by DOE are climate zone specific.
There are 9 climate zones in all:
For example – air conditioning needs down in TX are substantially different than AC needs in MN.
TX (along with CA) hold the distinction of needing three climate zone specfic guidelines to cover the entire state.
## Topics Covered Reflect Interaction of Building Components
- Site Design
- Daylighting and Windows
- Energy-Efficient Building Shell
- Lighting and Electrical
- Mechanical and Ventilation
- Renewable Energy
- Water Conservation
- Recycling Systems and Waste Management
- Transportation
- Resource Efficient Products
- Checklist
- Case Studies
**Notes:**
Today we’ll look at the guidelines in little more detail – and try to highlight some of the aspects that are relevant – and important to officials working in the commerical and school building code arena.
## Emphasis on the
**Daylighting**
**Economizer cycle**
**Reduced duct leakage**
**Reduced infiltration**
**Insulation**
**Lighting controls**
**Energy efficient lights**** and ballasts**
**Passive solar heating**
**Thermal mass**
**Shading**
**Better HVAC Controls**
**High Efficiency HVAC**
**Better windows**
**Photovoltaics**
**Distributed Generation**
**Combined Heat and Power**
**Emphasis on the**
**Whole Building as a System**
**Notes:**
Before we look at the code-relevant content of the guidelines – it’s important to understand that optimizing new building technologies is rocket science.
This slide shows that technologies regularly used in building design and construction are intricately related
If integrated design practices are ignored – many of the individual high performance advantages are lost – and the aggregate advantages never appear.
For example – Better windows, insultation and thermal mass may significantly reduce the size of the HVAC unit.
## Cross-Cutting Issues
## Opportunities in the Design Process
**Code phase can be here**
**or ... Code can act as the driver**
**Notes:**
The sooner high performance goals are considered – the more optimally they can be integrated.
As code officials – you may want to discourage installing “on-the-fly” high performance components, instead, encouraging contractors and designers to consider the interplay of complex systems.
## National Best Practices Manual Comprehensive Format
- Recommendation:
- How to apply the high performance design concept or technology
- Description
- Detailed information on the strategy or technology
- Applicability Chart
- Indicates applicability to particular spaces, climate zones and design process steps
- Integrated Design Implications
- Describes the implications the design strategy or technology may have on other building systems
- Cost Effectiveness
- Cost/Benefits of the design strategy on a system and overall project basis
## National Best Practices Manual Format
- Benefits
- Expected benefits from the implementation of HP design strategies and technologies
- Design Tools
- Applicable design tools including software that determine benefits and costs
- Design Details
- Rules of thumb, Specifications, Schematics
- O&M Issues
- Potential O&M concerns and strategies
**Commissioning**
- Outlines need for calibration, functional tests, static tests
- References
- Sampling of documents, websites etc....
## Slide 16
## Slide 17
## Site Design and Selection
- Optimum Building Orientation
- Landscaping Design
- Impervious Surfaces
- Integrated Weed and Pest Control
- IAQ during Construction
## Daylighting and Windows
- View Windows
- High Sidelighting-Clerestory
- Classroom Daylighting
- Central Toplighting
- Linear Toplighting
- Tubular Skylights
## Energy Efficiency Building Shell
- Wall Insulation
- Roof Insulation
- Cool Roofs
- Radiant Barriers
- Air Barriers
- Concrete Masonry
## Lighting and Electrical
- Pendant Mounted Lighting
- Troffer Lighting
- Gym Lighting
- Corridor Lighting
- Lighting for Office, Library and Classroom
- Outdoor Lighting
## Mechanical and Ventilation
- Cross & Stack Ventilation
- Ceiling Fans
- Packaged Rooftop
- Radiant Slab
- Evaporative Cooling
- Economizers
- Boilers
- CO Sensors
- Heat Pumps
## Renewable Energy Systems
- Passive Heating & Cooling
- Solar Thermal
- Solar Pool Heating
- Wind
- Geothermal (GSHP)
- Photovoltaics
## Water Conservation
- Water Efficient Irrigation
- Stormwater Manageent
- Rainwater Collection
- Gray Water
- Efficient Terminal Devices
## Recycling Systems and Waste Management
- Paper, Plastics, Glass and Aluminum
- Composting
- Construction & Demolition
## Transportation
- Alternative Fuels
- Transportation and Site Design
- Alternative Fuel Vehicles
## Resource Efficient Building Products
- Carpeting
- Resilient Flooring
- Ceramic Tile
- Concrete, Wood and Bamboo Flooring
- Acoustical Panels
- Casework and Trim
## Commissioning & Maintenance
- Commissioning Approaches
- Benefits of Commissioning
- Costs of Commissioning
- The Commissioning Team
- Commissioning Phases
## Temperate and Mixed Climates Corvallis School District 509J, Corvallis, Oregon
- 6850 students in 12 schools
- $1.5 million saved 1999-2004:
- reduced energy use in off-peak hours
- turning off lights and computers
- New middle school and new high school
- use energy efficient measures as well:
- estimated **35%** **energy savings** for
- high school and **30%** for middle
- school
- applying for **LEED Silver ratings**
**www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/29986.pdf**
**Notes:**
Do we want to mention Energy Education, Inc.?
Off-peak hours example: making sure all the lights in the gym are turned off after a game and not left on until a custodian can get there.
Middle School:
125,000 square feet
552 students
opens in August 2004
High School:
230,000 square feet
1306 students
to open Sept. 2006
The Oregon State Energy Office provided recommendations on community education and outreach to the administrative staff.
## Corvallis, Oregon
- Technologies used across the district:
- T-8 lighting
- digitally controlled HVAC
- energy-efficient boilers
- $5200 reimbursement from the local utility funded cafeteria lighting upgrade
- $24,000 rebate and Business Energy Tax Credit (BETC) funded a gym lighting retrofit
- The new Corvallis High School
**Notes:**
Sketch is of the media center and classrooms in the new high school. Note the daylighting.
## Cold and Humid Climates Elk River School District #728, Elk River, Minnesota
- 11,000 students in 17 buildings
- Rogers High School:
- New school; completed 2003
- First high performance school in the state
- 850 students and 257,000 ft**2**
- 25% less energy over code-built
- $175,000 annual savings
- $32 million project cost
**www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/29107.pdf**
## Elk River, Minnesota
- Westwood Elementary:
- Also completed 2003
- 74,000 ft**2 **and 475 students
- Expected savings of $65-75,000 annually over code-built schools
- Project cost was $11.5 million
- Expected to receive LEED Silver Certification
- The first elementary in the state to have this distinction
**Notes:**
Need a different picture.
## Elk River, Minnesota
- In Westwood Elementary, there have been days in winter when it costs nothing to heat the school,
- *“**The building maintained its desired temperature even with a constant flow of fresh air coming in.”*
- Ron Bratlie,
- Director of Special Projects
## Tropical Island Climates Chiefess Kamakahelei Middle School, Lihue, Kauai, Hawaii
- 1064 students
- 134,000 ft**2** building oriented on east-west axis
- Maximize exposure to daylight
- Capture northeast trade winds for natural
- ventilation
- Variable-air-volume systems with
- variable-speed drives to ventilate
- library and music buildings
**www.rebuild.org/attachments/SolutionCenter/34274draft.pdf**
## Lihue, Kauai, Hawaii
- Heat recovery unit converts heat of the refrigerant to supplement the hot water system
- High performance shell
- Tinted, low-e windows
- R-19 roof insulation
- Chiefess Kamakahelei Middle School Photo by Mitsunaga & Associates
- Daylighting strategies used to design most classrooms
- Lighting includes T-8 lamps and electronic ballasts
## Energy Design Guidelines for High Performance Schools
- Department of Energy’s Rebuild America program
- Specially targeted to nine climate zones
- www.rebuild.org/sectors/sectorpages/ess_guidelines.asp
- Outline high performance principles for the new or retrofit design of K-12 schools
- To order hardcopies:
## National Best Practices Manual
- Key technical knowledge for architects, engineers and code officials
- Available at: www.rebuild.gov
## Conclusion
**Conclusion**
- High performance design allows for energy savings as well as better learning environment
- Building Codes can be used to drive a high performance process and push the envelope
- Integrated design and planning is essential
- Code inspectors can encourage beyond code practices
**Notes:**
Needs work.
## Slide 39
**Notes:**
School environments greatly affect the students’ learning and happiness.
Shown: daylighting in a classroom (Four Oaks Elementary School in Johnston County, North Carolina) , PV panels for Bluffsview Elementary, and learning about renewables at Bluffsview.
| en |
all-txt-docs | 155152 | Subject: FVAU03 ADRM 280318
FVAU03 ADRM 280318
VOLCANIC ASH ADVISORY
ISSUED: 20061028/0317Z
VAAC: DARWIN
VOLCANO: RABAUL 0502-14=
LOCATION: S0416 E15212
AREA: NEW_BRITAIN SW_PAC
SUMMIT ELEVATION: 688M/2257FT
ADVISORY NUMBER: 2006/79
INFORMATION SOURCE: MTSAT-1R, RVO
AVIATION COLOUR CODE: ORANGE
ERUPTION DETAILS: ASH EXPLOSION TO FL100 AT 27/1930Z
OBS ASH DATE/TIME: 28/0300Z
OBS ASH CLOUD:
SFC/FL100 S0415 E15210 - S0335 E15155 - S0405 E15130 -
S0415 E15210 WINDS SFC/FL100 140/10KT
FCST ASH CLD +6HR: 28/0900Z
SFC/FL100 S0415 E15210 - S0335 E15155 - S0405 E15130 -
S0415 E15210 NO ASH EXP
FCST ASH CLD +12HR: 28/1500Z
SFC/FL100 NO ASH EXP
FCST ASH CLD +18HR: 28/2100Z
SFC/FL100 NO ASH EXP
NEXT ADVISORY: NO LATER THAN 20061028/0900Z
REMARKS: RVO ADVISE TAVURVUR AN ASH EXPLOSION AT 27/1930Z.
IT WILL CONTINUE TO PRODUCE SMALL TO MEDIUM ASH EMISSIONS.
GRAPHIC AT [LOWER CASE]
HTTP://WWW.BOM.GOV.AU/INFO/VAAC/ADVISORIES.SHTML
.
| en |
markdown | 205156 | # Presentation: 205156
## Drought Monitor Conference “The Drought Monitor and the Grain Market” DTN
- Bryce Anderson
- Senior Ag Meteorologist
- DTN Corp., Omaha
- 402-399-6419
**bryce.anderson@dtn.com**
## DTN (Data Transmission Network)
- business-to-business info
- weather, commodity markets, news
- 80,000 clients U.S. and Canada
- Info via satellite and for-pay web delivery
- Specialized forecasts and analysis
- U.S. and World (South America, China, Europe, Australia, Canada)
## The Market Does Watch Weather
- Spring through Early Summer
- Planting through Full Growth/Start Reproduction
- Corn—Pollination
- Soybeans—Blooming
- Corn—60 cents per bushel “weather premium”
- Soybeans--$1.00 per bushel “weather premium”
## “Weather Premium in 2005”
- Corn--$6.50 Billion
- 60 cents/bushel x 10.86 billion bushels production
- Soybeans--$3.00 Billion
- $1/bushel x 3.00 billion bushels production
## Drought Monitor Re Grain Markets
- A “validator”—not an indicator
- Industry Use—approx. 20 per cent
- Why??
- Delayed Publish Date vs Crop Ratings
- Weather Forecast Updates
## Drought Monitor/Grain Price Action
- July 18 Dec corn settles $2.70
- July 19 Dec corn settles $2.59
- July 20 Dec corn settles $2.52 1⁄4
- **July 21 Dec corn settles $2.44 3⁄4 (DM July 19 release)**
## D.M./Grain Markets in the Future
- Re-Define Ag Drought??
- Change from Validator to Indicator
- Possible Earlier-Week Publish Date
- Regional Focus on Prime Grain Areas (ex: Corn Belt)
- Ag/Seed Industry Input?
- Above Dependent on Drought Monitor “Mission Definition”
## Drought Monitor Conference “The Drought Monitor and the Grain Market” DTN
- Bryce Anderson
- Senior Ag Meteorologist
- DTN Corp., Omaha
- 402-399-6419
**bryce.anderson@dtn.com** | en |
markdown | 356575 | # Presentation: 356575
## Working Group updates, SSS-OSCAR Releases, API Discussions, External Users, and SciDAC Phase 2
**Working Group updates, SSS-OSCAR Releases, API Discussions, External Users, and SciDAC Phase 2**
- Al Geist
- May 10-11, 2005
- Chicago, ILL
## Scalable Systems Software
- IBM
- Cray
- Intel
- SGI
**Scalable Systems Software**
**Participating Organizations**
- ORNL
- ANL
- LBNL
- PNNL
- NCSA
- PSC
- SNL
- LANL
- Ames
- Collectively (with industry) define standard interfaces between systems components for interoperability
- Create scalable, standardized management tools for efficiently running our large computing centers
**Problem**
**Goals**
- Computer centers use incompatible, ad hoc set of systems tools
- Present tools are not designed to scale to multi-Teraflop systems
**www.scidac.org/ScalableSystems**
**To learn more visit**
## Scalable Systems Software Suite
**Grid Interfaces**
**Accounting**
**Event **
**Manager**
**Service**
**Directory**
**Meta**
**Scheduler**
**Meta**
**Monitor**
**Meta**
**Manager**
**Scheduler**
**Node State**
**Manager**
**Allocation**
**Management**
**Process **
**Manager **
**Usage**
**Reports**
**Meta Services**
**System &**
**Job Monitor**
**Job Queue**
**Manager**
**Node**
**Configuration **
**& Build**
**Manager**
**Standard XML**
**interfaces**
**authentication **
**communication**
**Components written in any mixture of C, C++, Java, Perl, and Python can be integrated into the Scalable Systems Software Suite**** **
**Checkpoint /**
**Restart**
**Validation & Testing**
**Hardware**
**Infrastructure**
**Manager**
**SSS-OSCAR**
**Scalable Systems Software Suite**
**Any Updates to this diagram?**
## Components in Suites
**Gold**
**EM**
**SD**
**Grid scheduler**
**Warehouse**
**Meta**
**Manager**
**Maui**
**sched**
**NSM**
**Gold**
**PM **
**Usage**
**Reports**
**Meta Services**
**Warehouse**
**(****superMon**
**NWPerf****)**
**Bamboo**
**QM**
**BCM**
**Multiple Component Implementations exits**
**ssslib**
**BLCR**
**APITest**
**HIM**
**Compliant with PBS, Loadlever job scripts**
## Scalable Systems Users
**Scalable Systems Users**
**Production use today:**
**Running an SSS suite at ANL, and Ames**
**Running components at PNNL**
**Maui w/ SSS API (3000/mo), Moab (Amazon, Ford, TeraGrid, ...)**
**Who can we involve before the end of the project?**
**- ****National Leadership-class facility?**
- NLCF is a partnership between
- ORNL (Cray), ANL (BG), PNNL (cluster)
**NERSC and NSF centers**
- NCSA cluster(s)
- NERSC cluster?
## Goals for This Meeting
**Updates on the Integrated Software Suite components**
** **
**Planning for SciDAC phase 2 – **
** ****discuss new directions and June SciDAC meeting **
**Preparing for next SSS-OSCAR software suite release**
** ****What is missing? What needs to be done?**
**Getting more outside Users.**
** ****Production and feedback to suite**
**Discussion of involvement with NLCF machines:**
** ****IBM BG/L, Cray XT3, Clusters**
## Highlights of Last Meeting (Jan. 25-26 in DC)
**Highlights of Last Meeting (****Jan. 25-26 in DC)**
- Details in Main project notebook
**Fred Attended** - he gave state of MICS, SciDAC-2, and his vision for changed focus
**Discussion of whitepaper and presentation for Strayer** ideas and Fred feedback
**API Discussions**
- voted for Process Manager API (12 yes 0 no 0 abstain)
- New Warehouse protocol presented
**Agreed to Quarterly Suite Releases this year**– and dates.
## Since Last Meeting
**Since Last Meeting**
**CS ISICs meet with SciDAC director (Strayer) Feb 17 DC**
- Whitepaper – some issues with Mezzacapa
- Give hour “highlight” presentation on goals, impact, and potential CS ISIC ideas for next round.
- Strayer was very positive. Fred reported that the meeting could not have gone any better.
**Cray Software Workshop (called by Fred)**
- January in Minneapolis
- Status of Cray SW and how DOE research could help
- Several SSS members there. Anything since?
**Telecoms and New entries in Electronic Notebooks **
- Pretty sparse since last meeting
## Major Topics for This Meeting
**Major Topics for This Meeting**
**Latest news on the Software Suite components**
**Preparing for next SSS-OSCAR software suite release **
**Discuss ideas for next round of CS ISICs **
**Preparation for upcoming meetings in June**
**Presentation/ 1****st**** vote on Queue Manager API**
**Getting more users and feedback on suite**
## Agenda – May 10
- 8:00 Continental Breakfast
- 8:30 Al Geist - Project Status
- 9:00 Discussion of ideas presented to Strayer
- 9:30 Scott Jackson - Resource Management components
- 10:30 Break
- 11:00 Will Mclendon - Validation and Testing
- Ron Oldfield – integrated SSS test suites
- 12:00 Lunch (on own at cafeteria )
- 1:30 Paul Hargrove Process Management and Monitoring
- 2:30 Narayan Desai - Node Build, Configure, and Cobalt on BG/L
- 3:30 Break
- 4:00 Craig Steffen – SSSRMAP in ssslib
- 4:30 Discussion of getting SSS users and feedback
- 5:30 Adjourn for dinner
## Agenda – May 11
- 8:00 Continental Breakfast
- 8:30 Thomas Naughton - SSS OSCAR software releases through SC05
- 9:30 Discussion and voting
- Bret Bode - XML API for Queue Manager
- 10:30 Group discussion of ideas for SciDAC-2.
- 11:00 Preparations for upcoming meetings
- FastOS meeting June 8-10,
- SciDAC PI Meeting in June 26-30 (poster and panels),
- Set next meeting date/location: August 17-19, ORNL
- 12:00 Meeting Ends
## Ideas Presented to SciDAC Director Mike Strayer February 17, 2005 Washington DC
## View to the Future
**HW, CS, and Science Teams all contribute to the science breakthroughs**
**Leadership-class Platforms**
**Breakthrough****Science**
**Software & Libs**
- SciDAC CS teams
**Tuned codes**
**Research team**
**High-End science problem**
**Computing Environment**
- Common look&feel across diverse HW
**SciDAC**
**Science Teams**
## SciDAC Phase 2 and CS ISICs
**Future CS ISICs need to be mindful of needs of **
- National Leadership Computing facility
- w/ Cray, IBM BG, SGI, clusters, multiple OS
- No one architecture is best for all applications
- SciDAC Science Teams
- Needs depend on application areas chosen
- End stations? Do they have special SW needs?
- FastOS Research Projects
- Complement, don’t duplicate these efforts
- Cray software roadmap
- Making the Leadership computers usable, efficient, fast
## Gaps and potential next steps
- Heterogeneous leadership-class machines
- science teams need to have a robust environment that presents similar programming interfaces and tools across the different machines.
- Fault tolerance requirements in apps and systems software
- particularly as systems scale up to petascale around 2010
- Support for application users submitting interactive jobs
- computational steering as means of scientific discovery
- High performance File System and I/O research
- increasing demands of security, scalability, and fault tolerance
- Security
- One-time-passwords and impact on scientific progress
## Heterogeneous Machines
- Heterogeneous Architectures
- Vector architectures, Scalar, SMP, Hybrids, Clusters
- How is a science team to know what is best for them?
- Multiple OS
- Even within one machine, eg. Blue Gene, Red Storm
- How to effectively and efficiently administer such systems?
- Diverse programming environment
- science teams need to have a robust environment that presents similar programming interfaces and tools across the different machines
- Diverse system management environment
- Managing and scheduling multiple node types
- System updates, accounting, ... everything will be harder in round 2
## Fault Tolerance
- Holistic Fault Tolerance
- Research into schemes that take into account the full impact of faults: application, middleware, OS, and hardware
- Fault tolerance in systems software
- Research into prediction and prevention
- Survivability and resiliency when faults can not be avoided
- Application recovery
- transparent failure recovery
- Research into Intelligent checkpointing based on active monitoring, sophisticated rule-based recoverys, diskless checkpointing...
- For petascale systems research into recovery w/o checkpointing
## Interactive Computing
- Batch jobs are not the always the best for Science
- Good for large numbers of users, wide mix of jobs, but
- National Leadership Computing Facility has different focus
- Computational Steering as a paradigm for discovery
- Break the cycle: simulate, dump results, analyze, rerun simulation
- More efficient use of the computer resources
- Needed for Application development
- Scaling studies on terascale systems
- Debugging applications which only fail at scale
## File System and I/O Research
- Lustre is today’s answer
- There are already concerns about its capabilities as systems scale up to 100+ TF
- What is the answer for 2010?
- Research is needed to explore the file system and I/O requirements for petascale systems that will be here in 5 years
- I/O continues to be a bottleneck in large systems
- Hitting the memory access wall on a node
- To expensive to scale I/O bandwidth with Teraflops across nodes
- Research needed to understand how to structure applications or modify I/O to allow applications to run efficiently
## Security
- New stricter access policies to computer centers
- Attacks on supercomputer centers have gotten worse.
- One-Time-Passwords, PIV?
- Sites are shifting policies, tightening firewalls, going to SecureID tokens
- Impact on scientific progress
- Collaborations within international teams
- Foreign nationals clearance delays
- Access to data and computational resources
- Advances required in system software
- To allow compliance with different site policies and be able to handle tightest requirements
- Study how to reduce impact on scientists
## Meeting notes
**Al Geist** – project status
**Al Geist** – Ideas for CS ISICs in next round of SciDAC
**Scott Jackson** – production use at more places eg. U. Utah Icebox 430proc
- Incorporation of SSSRMAP into ssslib in progress
- Paper accepted and new documents (see RM notebook)
- SOAP as basis for SSSRMAP v4
- Discussion of pros and cons (scalability issues, but ssslib can support)
- Fault tolerance in Gold using hot failover
- New Gold release v2 b2.10.2 includes distributed accounting
- Simplify allocation management
- Enabled support for mysql database
- Bamboo QM v1.1 released
- New fountain component alternate to Warehouse used in Work for
- support for SuperMon, Ganglin, and Nwperf
- Maui – improved grid scheduler
- multisite authentication. Support for Globus 4
- Future Work - increase deployment base, ssslib integration, portability
- support for loadlever-like multi-step jobs, and PBS job language
- release of Silver meta-scheduler
## Meeting notes
**Will McClendon** – APITest project status current release v 1.0
- Latest work – new look using cascading style sheets
- new capabilities – pass/fail batch files, better parse error reporting
- User Guide Documentation done (50 pages) and SNL approved
- SW requirements: Python 2.3+, ElementTree, MySQL, ssslib,
- Twisted (version 2.0 added new dependencies)
- Helping fix bad tests – led to good discussion of this utility
- Future work: config file, test developer GUI, more...
**Ron Oldfield** – Testing SSS suites
- 2 wks ago hired full time contractor (Tod Cordenbach) plus summer student
- Goals and deliverables for summer work
- performance testing of SSS-OSCAR
- comparison to other components
- write tech report of results
- What is important for each component: scheduler, job launch, queue, I/O,...
- Discussion of metrics. Scalability? User time, Admin time,
- HW resource efficiency
- Report what works, what doesn’t, what is performance critical
## Meeting notes
**Paul Hargrove** – PM update
- Checkpoint (BLCR) status: users on four continents, bug fixes,
- Works with Linux2.6.11, partial AMD64/EM64T pot
- Next step is process groups/sessions
- OpenMPI work this summer ( student of Lumsdane)
- Have sketch of less restrictive syntax API
- Process manager status: complete rewrite of MPD more OO and pythonic
- provided a non-MPD implementation for BG/L using SSS API
**Narayan Dasi** – BCM update
- SSS infrastructure in use at ANL: clusters, BG/L, IA32, PPC64
- Better documentation
- LRS Syntax: spec done, SDK complete, todo ssslib integration
- BG/L: arrived in January, initial Cobalt (SSS) suite on February
- many features being requested eg, node modes set in mpirun
- DB2 used for everything
- Cobalt – same as SW on Chiba City.
- All python components implemented using SSS-SDK
- several major extensions required for BG/L
## Meeting notes
**Narayan Dasi** – Cobalt update for BG/L
- Scheduler (bgsched): new implementation
- needed to be topology aware, use DB2
- partition unit is 512 nodes.
- Queue Manager (cqm): same SW as Chiba
- OS change on BG/L is trivial since system rebooted for each job
- Process Manager (bgpm): new implementation
- computer nodes don’t run full OS so no MPD
- mpirun complicated
- Allocation Manager (am): same as chiba
- very simple design
- Experiences: SSS really works
- Easy to port, simple approach makes system easy to understand
- Agility required for BG/L
- Comprehensive interfaces expose all information
- Admins can access internal state
- component behavior less mysterious
- extracting new info is easy
- Shipping Cobalt to a couple other sites
## Meeting notes
**Craig Stefan** – (no slides)
- Not as much to report. Sidetracked for past three months on other projects
- Gives reasons Warehouse bugs also not done.
- Fixes to be done by next OSCAR release
- Graphical display for Warehouse created
- Same interfaces as Maui wrt requesting everything from all nodes
- SSSRMAP into ssslib
- Initial skeleton code for integration into ssslib begun.
- Needs questions answered from Jackson and Narayan to proceed
## Meeting notes
**Thomas Naughton** – SSS OSCAR releases
- Testing for v1.1 release
- Base OSCAR v4.1 includes SSS APItest runs post-install tests on packages
- Discussion that Debian support will require both RPM and DEB formats
- Future work: complete v1.1 testing, migrate distribution to FRE repository
- extend SSS component tests, distribute as basic OSCAR “package set”
- needed ordering within a phase (work around for now)
- Release schedule:
- version Freeze Release New
- v1.0 Nov (SC05) first full suite release
- v1.1 Feb 15 May Gold update, bug fixes
- v1.2 Jun 15 July RH9 to Fedora2 oscar 4.1, BLCR to linux 2.6,
- improved tests, close known bug reports
- v2.0b Aug 15 Sept less restrictive syntax switch over, perf tests
- Silver meta-scheduler, Fedora4
- v2.0 Oct 15 Nov (SC05) bug fixes, minor updates
- In oscar 5.0 as package set (after SC05)
- Remove Bugzilla link from web page
## Meeting notes
**Bret Bode** – Queue Manager API
- Lists all the functions then goes through detailed scheme of each
- Bamboo Uses SSSRMAP messaging and wire protocol
- Authentication – uses ssslib
- Authorization – uses info in SSSRMAP wire protocol
- Questions and discussion of interfaces | en |
markdown | 066640 | # Presentation: 066640
## HRSA/Delta States Grantees Meeting Sustainability Series: Part 4, Leadership for Sustainability
- Community Health Systems Development Team
- Georgia Health Policy Center
- October 2008
## Definition of Sustainability
*Achieving an organizational state where programs and services are continually provided because they have perceived value and receive adequate financial support*
**Notes:**
PRESENTATION PLAN
1. Explain that it’s useful for everyone to start with the same definition and understanding of sustainability.
Increases ability to have effective dialogue
Creates a common language for group
3. Read definition on the slide. Explain key concepts in the definition:
Defining organizational state
Important to have the right structure for on-going program implementation – to have your partnerships
and working relationships solidified
Valued
I think we would all agree that in order for your programs and services to continue others outside of your consortium must also value and recognize their importance
Financial Support
And they must value them enough that they are willing to support them in a financial way – that does not always mean with cash, but can also include things that have cash value – such as their time or in-kind contributions
4. Seek reactions and/or questions for clarification.
Additional Key Points (Optional)
In truth, all organizations should continually consider the sustainability of programs and services; it becomes a mindset or way of thinking.
A key question that every program and service provider should consider: “Are you prepared to continually provide your program and/or services when your grant funding ends in three years?”
(in other words, “Do you have the ‘end’ in mind?”)
Additional Interactions/Activities (Optional)
## Two Important Questions
- Do you have asking rights ?
- How will you get the money ?
## Positioning for Sustainability
**Communication**
**Evaluation**
**Leadership**
**Return on Investment**
**Strategic Vision**
**Organizational Capacity**
**Efficiency and Practicality**
## Today’s Goals
- Distinguish Roles
- Understand Key Actions
- Apply Practices
## THE ROLE OF THE LEADER
- Part 1
## What it takes
**Leadership**
***Collaborative***
***that takes action to position for sustainability ***
## You May be Thinking...
- But if I focus on making sure we have great results, won’t support show up?
- We have a plan to follow. That’s my job – to execute the work plan.
- I (We) can do this myself (ourselves). Involving a lot of people will slow us down.
- We’ve been funded by the same grant for multiple years. Why worry? Seems like we’re “in.”
- But if I focus on making sure we have great results, won’t support show up?
- Not necessarily. It might take too long to find support at the end of your program....especially if few people are aware of your efforts and progress along the way.
- We have a plan to follow. That’s my job – to execute the work plan.
- Ultimately your job is about creating a successful, enduring program. If planning for sustainability wasn’t a part of your original plan, change the plan. Invest your time in leading.
- I (We) can do this myself (ourselves). Involving a lot of people will slow us down.
- Unless you are going to fund the program yourself, recognize that inviting and involving others is critical to gathering ideas and making connections with influencers.
- We’ve been funded by the same grant for multiple years. Why worry? Seems like we’re “in.”
- In today’s climate of accountability and results, nothing can be taken for granted. Most funders want to provide starter funds and see if the program can sustain itself. Can you?
## Leadership
- Gets great results
- Grows people
- Uses resources wisely
- Fulfills goals
- Leadership plus...
- Creates a shared vision
- Accesses the talents, connections, and ideas of others
- Understands the value of influence
- Collaborative Leadership that positions for sustainability
## KEY RESULTS OF A COLLABORATIVE LEADER
- Part 2
## Results of a Collaborative Leader
- Ensure Knowledge of Program
**Notes:**
There are three results that....
## Result 1: Ensure Knowledge of Program
*A county commissioner hears from a constituent about the success of your program in finding cost-saving ways to share resources. At the Rotary Club meeting, the commissioner sees the director of HR at your hospital (who isn’t involved in the program) and mentions hearing about the program’s success. Your HR director looks surprised and responds that he’s not sure who is involved with that program. *
## Result 1: Ensure Knowledge of Program
**Make yourself known**
**Build ownership**
**Equip everyone with key information and key messages**
- _Examples:_
- Co-workers in the facility recognize the program name and activities and associate you with the program.
- Organization leaders can describe the program and status of the program’s objectives.
## Result 1: Ensure Knowledge of Program
**Make yourself known**
**Build ownership**
**Equip everyone with key information and key messages**
- _Examples:_
- Co-workers in the organization refer to the program as “our” program, not “your” program.
- People in your organization ask about the latest results and stories of success.
## Result 1: Ensure Knowledge of Program
**Make yourself known**
**Build ownership**
**Equip everyone with key information and key messages**
- _Examples:_
- Co-workers in the organization can share the program’s primary goal and major activities.
- Key points about the program are included in organizational newsletters, speeches, Web site, etc.
## React!
**Using one-to-one chat function, send a message to the webinar facilitator that includes the position title of **_**two**_** people in your own organization that need to have greater knowledge of your program.**
## Results of a Collaborative Leader
- Create
- Interdependence
## Result 2: Create Interdependence
- Go it alone.
- Our program is (better, more important, higher priority, etc.) and deserves to be sustained.
**Independence**
- Go it together.
- Our program plays a critical role in the network of services in this community.
**Interdependence**
- vs.
## Result 2: Create Interdependence
- Highlights the value of others’ efforts and builds goodwill
- Creates a demand/need for your service or product
- Makes it easier to have your program exist than not (and thus easier to support)
**Why Interdependence Works:**
## React!
**Using the voting function on the webinar, choose the one action your program team *****already***** does well to create interdependence.**
- A. utilize quality resources of others
- B. share ideas and information with others
- C. share staff, tools, and resources with others
- D. collaboratively plan, advocate, and review
## Results of a Collaborative Leader
## Result 3: Grow Influence
- Influence occurs when civic, business, and political leaders in your community know about and support your program.
- Identify Opportunities
- Share Expertise or Resources
- Connect to Additional Leaders
## Result 3: Grow Influence
- Inform
- Invite
- To share knowledge
- To participate
- To experience
- Involve
- As advisor
- As advocate
- Remember:
- Metaphor - “Millionaires hang out with millionaires...”
- Don’t ask if you don’t mean it; better not to ask at all.
## React!
**Using one-to-one chat function, send a message to webinar facilitator that shares an example of how you have informed, invited, or involved an influential leader in your community (not part of your consortium).**
## Let’s Review
## Let’s Review
- HOW?
**Notes:**
Need to understand the connect between 3 results and 6 practices...how to transition
## Create and execute a plan that uses practices of collaborative leadership
## PRACTICES OF A COLLABORATIVE LEADER
- Part 3
## Collaborative Practices
- Apply Collaborative Practices to Achieve Results
## Collaborative Practices
## 6 Practices of a Collaborative Leader
*- from Collaborative Leadership, Inc.*
*www.collaboritveleadership.org*
- Understanding the context for change before you act
- Someone skilled at this practice would likely...
- - clarify problems before seeking solutions - seek multiple view points
- ensure data is properly interpreted - use a systems perspective
- use tools to understand needs of community
## 6 Practices of a Collaborative Leader
**Assessing the Environment**
**Building Trust**
*- from Collaborative Leadership, Inc.*
*www.collaboritveleadership.org*
- Creating safe places for developing shared purpose and action
- Someone skilled at this practice would likely...
- use transparent communication - create credible processes
- build trust among stakeholders - “walk the talk”
## 6 Practices of a Collaborative Leader
**Developing People**
*- from Collaborative Leadership, Inc.*
*www.collaboritveleadership.org*
- Committing to people as a key asset through coaching and mentoring
- Someone skilled at this practice would likely...
- be committed to coaching/mentoring others - help others be successful
- invest time in others - define expectations
## 6 Practices of a Collaborative Leader
*- from Collaborative Leadership, Inc.*
*www.collaboritveleadership.org*
- Defining shared values and engaging people in positive action
- Someone skilled at this practice would likely...
- understand community vision - understand stakeholders
- create buy-in to action plans - communicate shared vision
## 6 Practices of a Collaborative Leader
*- from Collaborative Leadership, Inc.*
*www.collaboritveleadership.org*
- Developing synergy of people, organizations, and communities to accomplish a shared vision
- Someone skilled at this practice would likely...
- rely significantly on peer problem-solving - have confidence in others
- be open to being influenced by others - encourage others to act
## 6 Practices of a Collaborative Leader
*- from Collaborative Leadership, Inc.*
*www.collaboritveleadership.org*
- Understanding your own values, attitudes, and behaviors as they relate to your leadership style and its impact on others
- Someone skilled at this practice would likely...
- actively listen - understand other’s perspectives
- accurately describe personal strengths and weaknesses
## Next Steps
- Take action – complete quick course
- Assess state of leadership
- Develop collaboration plan
- Execute plan using collaboration practices and communication skills
- Find additional resources at _[www.collaborativeleadership.org](http://www.collaborativeleadership.org/)_
- What questions do you have?
## Thanks
- Talk to you soon.
- Next Call February 2009
- Citations in this presentation:
- Collaborative Leadership is a Web site of the Leadership Development National Excellence Collaborative, which is sponsored by Turning Point and funded by The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. | en |
markdown | 679072 | # Presentation: 679072
## X-ray (and multiwavelength) surveys
- Fabrizio Fiore
## Table of content
- A historical perspective
- Tools for the interpretation of survey data
- Number counts
- Luminosity functions
- Main current X-ray surveys
- What next
## A historical perspective
- First survey of cosmological objects: radio galaxies and radio loud AGN
- The discovery of the Cosmic X-ray Background
- The first imaging of the sources making the CXB
- The resolution of the CXB
- What next?
## Radio sources number counts
**Radio sources number counts**
**First results from Cambridge surveys during the 50’: Ryle**
**Number counts steeper than expected from Euclidean universe**
## Number counts
** ****Number counts**
- Flux limited sample: all sources in a given region of the sky with flux > than
- some detection limit Flim.
- Consider a population of objects with the same L
- Assume Euclidean space
## Number counts
- **Number counts**
- Test of evolution of a source population (e.g. radio sources). Distances of
- individual sources are not required, just fluxes or magnitudes:
- the number of objects increases by a factor of 100.6=4 with each magnitude.
- So, for a constant space density, 80% of the sample will be within 1 mag
- from the survey detection limit.
- If the sources have some distribution in L:
## Problems with the derivation of the number counts
- Completeness of the samples.
- Eddington bias: random error on mag measurements can alter the number
- counts. Since the logN-logFlim are steep, there are more sources at faint
- fluxes, so random errors tend to increase the differential number counts.
- If the tipical error is of 0.3 mag near the flux limit, than the correction
- is 15%.
- Variability.
- Internal absorption affects “color” selection.
- SED, *‘K-correction’*, redshift dependence of the flux (magnitude).
## Galaxy number counts
## Optically selected AGN number counts
- z<2.2
- B=22.5
- 100 deg-2
- B=19.5
- 10 deg-2
- z>2.2
- B=22.5
- 50 deg-2
- B=19.5
- 1 deg-2
- B-R=0.5
## X-ray AGN number counts
**X-ray AGN number counts**
- <X/O> OUV sel. AGN=0.3
- R=22 ==> 310-15 1000deg-2
- R=19 ==> 510-14 25deg-2
- The surface density of X-ray selected AGN
- is 2-10 times higher than OUV selected AGN
## The cosmic backgrounds energy densities
**The cosmic backgrounds energy densities**
## The Cosmic X-ray Background
- Giacconi (and collaborators) program:
- 1962 sounding rocket
- 1970 Uhuru
- 1978 HEAO1
- 1978 Einstein
- 1999 Chandra!
## The Cosmic X-ray Background
- The CXB energy density:
- Collimated instruments:
- 1978 HEAO1
- 2006 BeppoSAX PDS
- 2006 Integral
- 2008 Swift BAT
- Focusing instruments:
- 1980 Einstein 0.3-3.5 keV
- 1990 Rosat 0.5-2 keV
- 1996 ASCA 2-10 keV
- 1998 BeppoSAX 2-10 keV
- 2000 RXTE 3-20 keV
- 2002 XMM 0.5-10 keV
- 2002 Chandra 0.5-10 keV
- 2012 NuSTAR 6-100 keV
- 2014 Simbol-X 1-100 keV
- 2014 NeXT 1-100 keV
- 2012 eROSITA 0.5-10 keV
- 2020 IXO 0.5-40 keV
## The V/Vmax test
** ****The V/V****max**** test**
- Marteen Schmidt (1968) developed a test** **for evolution not sensitive to
- the completeness of the sample.
- Suppose we detect a source of luminosity L and flux *F >F**lim* at a distance
*r*** **in Euclidean space:
- If we consider a sample of sources distributed uniformly, we expect that
- half will be found in the inner half of the volume Vmax and half in the outer
- half. So, on average, we expect V/Vmax=0.5
## The V/Vmax test
**The V/V****max**** test**
- In an expanding Universe the luminosity distance must be used in place
- of r and rmax and the constant density assumption becomes one of
- constant density per unit *comuving volume* .
## Luminosity function
** ****Luminosity function**
- In most samples of AGN <V/Vmax> > 0.5. This means that the luminosity
- function cannot be computed from a sample of AGN regardless of their z.
- Rather we need to consider restricted z bins.
- More often sources are drawn from flux-limited samples, and the volume
- surveyed is a function of the Luminosity L. Therefore, we need to account
- for the fact that more luminous objects can be detected at larger
- distances and are thus over-represented in flux limited samples. This is
- done by weighting each source by the reciprocal of the volume over which
- it could have been found:
## Luminosity function
## Assume that the intrinsic
- spectrum of the sources
- making the CXB has E=1
- I0=9.810-8 erg/cm2/s/sr
- ’=4I0/c
- Optical (and soft X-ray) surveys gives values 2-3 times lower
- than those obtained from the CXB
- (and of the F.&M. and G. et al. estimates)
## A survey of X-ray surveys
**A survey of X-ray surveys**
## A survey of X-ray surveys
- Point sources Clusters of galaxies
## A survey of surveys
- Main areas with large multiwavelength coverage:
- CDFS-GOODS 0.05 deg2: HST, Chandra, XMM, Spitzer, ESO, Herschel, ALMA
- CDFN-GOODS 0.05 deg2: HST, Chandra, VLA, Spitzer, Hawaii, Herschel
- AEGIS(GS) 0.5 deg2: HST, Chandra, Spitzer, VLA, Hawaii, Herschel
- COSMOS 2 deg2: HST, Chandra, XMM, Spitzer, VLA, ESO, Hawaii, LBT, Herschel, ALMA
- NOAO DWFS 9 deg2 : Chandra, Spitzer, MMT, Hawaii, LBT
- SWIRE 50 deg2 (Lockman hole, ELAIS, XMMLSS,ECDFS): Spitzer, some Chandra/XMM, some HST, Herschel
- eROSITA! 20.000 deg2 10-14 cgs 200 deg2 310-15 cgs
## Chandra deep and wide fields
**Chandra deep and wide fields**
- CDFS 2Msec 0.05deg2 CCOSMOS 200ksec 0.5deg2 100ksec 0.4deg2
- ~400 sources 1.8 Msec ~1800 sources
- Elvis et al. 2008
- 20 arcmin 1 deg
## XMM surveys
- COSMOS 1.4Msec 2deg2
- Lockman Hole 0.7Msec 0.3deg2
## Chandra surveys
- AEGIS: Extended Groth Strip Bootes field
## Spitzer large area surveys: SWIRE
## eROSITA
- ~30ks on poles, ~1.7ksec equatorial
## What next? The X-ray survey discovery space
- Einstein ROSAT
- ROSAT eROSITA
- ASCA/BSAX XMM Chandra IXO
- IXO
- NS NeXT SX
- BSAX/ASCA XMM
- Swift | en |
markdown | 334755 | # Presentation: 334755
## Accessing MODIS Data Products
***Perspective from MODIS Atmospheres Research Community***
**Bill Ridgway**
**MODAPS Processing Representative for Atmospheric Discipline**
**Science Systems & Applications, Inc.**
**NASA GSFC Code 913**
**24 July 2002**
## Archive to Desktop: A Simple Process?
**Selection**
**What product?**
**What time or location?**
**Product file “as is” or subset or image?**
**Staging + [ subsetting, processing, reformatting, etc ]**
**Delivery **
**pull, push, tape, etc**
**Help**
**software tools, delivery failures, etc.**
## Conclusions
**Selection**
**EDG & No-Frills tools have perhaps 50% of desired functionality**
**Search-and-wait interface is not adequate for serious research**
**Geographic searches include excessive near misses**
**MODIS product packaging remains a big issue**
**Staging**
**Can take 5 minutes or 48 hours**
**Failures have come down a lot in the past year**
**Demand on system resources limits orders**
**Delivery **
**FTP pulls are most reliable**
**Product volume is probably the greatest obstacle**
**Help**
**Better tools, better examples, better images are still needed**
## Selection Roadblocks
**For the novice:**
**Navigating the ESDT and collection number maze**
**Products packaged with too many parameters**
**Selecting data with the right time and/or location**
**No useful browse images**
**For the repeat/experienced user:**
**Order size limits**
**EDG has useful functionality, but is torture to use**
**No Frills GDAAC interface can’t always do what I need**
**Both are painful for repetitive ordering**
**Acquiring multiple products should be easy, but isn’t**
**Geographic searches produce many near misses**
## EOS Data Gateway: The Carpal Tunnel GUI
**EDG Login**
**Select ESDT(s) and Granule search criteria**
**Click to Start Search ****& Wait for search...**
**Click to Select All**
**Click to Add to Cart**
**Click to Accept Data Quality Statement**
**Click to Accept Quality Assurance Disclaimer**
**Click Order Options**
**Click to Select Native Granule FTP Pull**
**Click to Accept my Choice**
**Click Go to Step 2**
**Click Go to Step 3**
**Click Go to Step 4 ****& Wait for search...**
## Wish List of Most Requested Changes
**Streamline EDG and No Frills for repeat customers**
**If I already know what I want, please just send it!**
**MOD021KM.A2002187.1550.003.xxxx**
**Ditto for MOD03, MOD35_L2, MOD04_L2, etc.**
**Data pool with FTP interface for machine data acquisition**
**A geographical search tool that really works**
**Easy ordering of many products for a single 5-minute granule** | en |
converted_docs | 015153 | {width="5.96875in" height="0.41944444444444445in"}
Top of Form
## Complete Summary
#### GUIDELINE TITLE
Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with major depressive
disorder.
#### BIBLIOGRAPHIC SOURCE(S)
American Psychiatric Association practice guideline for the treatment of
patients with major depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2000 Apr;157(4
Suppl):1-45. \[325 references\]
#### GUIDELINE STATUS
This is the current release of the guideline. It is a revision of a
previously issued version (Practice guideline for major depressive
disorder in adults. Washington \[DC\]: American Psychiatric Press, Inc;
1993. 51 p., and Am J Psychiatry 1993 Apr;150\[4 Suppl\]:1-26).
According to the guideline developer, this guideline is still considered
to be current as of February 2005, based on a review of literature
published since the original guideline publication.
In addition, a Guideline Watch, which summarizes significant
developments in practice since the publication of the original
guideline, was published in 2005 and is available from the [American
Psychiatric Association Web
site](http://www.psych.org/psych_pract/treatg/pg/MDD_Watch_031005.pdf)
(see also the \"Availability of Companion Documents\" field below).
### \*\* REGULATORY ALERT \*\*
#### FDA WARNING/REGULATORY ALERT
**Note from the National Guideline Clearinghouse**: This guideline
references a drug(s) for which important revised regulatory and/or
warning information has been released.
- [May 2, 2007, Antidepressant
drugs](http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/safety/2007/safety07.htm#Antidepressant):
Update to the existing black box warning on the prescribing
information on all antidepressant medications to include warnings
about the increased risks of suicidal thinking and behavior in young
adults ages 18 to 24 years old during the first one to two months of
treatment.
- [October 25, 2006, Effexor (venlafaxine
HCl)](http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/safety/2006/safety06.htm#Effexor):
Published retrospective studies report that venlafaxine overdosage
may be associated with an increased risk of fatal outcome.
- [May 12, 2006, Paxil (paroxetine) and Paxil
CR](http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/safety/2006/safety06.htm#paxil):
Changes to the Clinical Worsening and Suicide Risk subsection of the
WARNINGS section in the prescribing Information related to adult
patients, particularly those who are younger adults.
- [December 8, 2005, Paxil
(paroxetine)](http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/safety/2005/safety05.htm#Paxil3):
Pregnancy category changed from C to D and new data and
recommendations added to the WARNINGS section of prescribing
information.
- [September 27, 2005, Paxil (paroxetine) and Paxil
CR](http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/safety/2005/safety05.htm#Paxil2):
Changes to the Pregnancy/PRECAUTIONS section of the Prescribing
Information to describe the results of a retrospective epidemiologic
study of major congenital malformations in infants born to women
taking antidepressants during the first trimester of pregnancy.
### COMPLETE SUMMARY CONTENT
\*\* REGULATORY ALERT \*\*\
SCOPE\
METHODOLOGY - including Rating Scheme and Cost Analysis\
RECOMMENDATIONS\
EVIDENCE SUPPORTING THE RECOMMENDATIONS\
BENEFITS/HARMS OF IMPLEMENTING THE GUIDELINE RECOMMENDATIONS\
CONTRAINDICATIONS\
QUALIFYING STATEMENTS\
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GUIDELINE\
INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE (IOM) NATIONAL HEALTHCARE QUALITY REPORT
CATEGORIES\
IDENTIFYING INFORMATION AND AVAILABILITY\
DISCLAIMER
### SCOPE
#### DISEASE/CONDITION(S)
Major Depressive Disorder
#### GUIDELINE CATEGORY
Management\
Treatment
#### CLINICAL SPECIALTY
Neurology\
Psychiatry
#### INTENDED USERS
Physicians
#### GUIDELINE OBJECTIVE(S)
1. To assist the physician faced with the task of implementing specific
antidepressant treatment(s) for an adult patient diagnosed as
suffering from major depression according to the criteria for this
disorder defined in DSM-IV.
2. To summarize the specific forms of somatic, psychotherapeutic,
psychosocial, and educational treatments that have been developed to
deal with major depressive disorder and its various subtypes.
#### TARGET POPULATION
Adults (over the age of 18) suspected of having major depressive
disorder
#### INTERVENTIONS AND PRACTICES CONSIDERED
The various interventions considered for treatment of a major depressive
episode may be used alone or in combination. Furthermore, the
psychiatrist must decide whether to conduct treatment on an outpatient,
partial hospitalization, or inpatient basis.
*Psychotherapeutic Interventions*
- Psychotherapeutic management
- Psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis
- Brief psychodynamic psychotherapy
- Interpersonal therapy
- Behavior therapy
- Cognitive behavior therapy
- Marital therapy and family therapy
- Group therapy
*Somatic Interventions*
- Antidepressant medications including:
1. Cyclic antidepressants, which include the tricyclic
antidepressants as well as the tetracyclic antidepressant
medication maprotiline
2. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibiting antidepressants, which
currently include fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine,
fluvoxamine, and citalopram
3. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, which include the commonly
used phenelzine, isocarboxazid, and tranylcypromine
4. Other antidepressant medications, including bupropion,
nefazodone, trazodone, venlafaxine, mirtazapine, and reboxetine
(for which U.S Food and Drug Administration approval is
anticipated)
5. St. John\'s wort (whole plant product)
- Electroconvulsive therapy
- Light therapy
#### MAJOR OUTCOMES CONSIDERED
- Control of depressive symptoms
- Rate of remission, relapse and recurrence of major depression
- Morbidity and mortality due to major depression
### METHODOLOGY
#### METHODS USED TO COLLECT/SELECT EVIDENCE
Searches of Electronic Databases
#### DESCRIPTION OF METHODS USED TO COLLECT/SELECT THE EVIDENCE
Studies were identified through an extensive review of the literature by
using MEDLARS for the period 1971-1999. The key words used were
affective disorder, major depression, depressive disorder, seasonal
affective disorder, melancholia, unipolar depression, endogenous
depression, dysthymic disorder, dysthymia, postpartum depression,
pseudodementia, antidepressant medications, tricyclic antidepressive
agents, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, lithium, and electroconvulsive
therapy and included the concepts of melancholia, neurotic depression,
and major depression. In addition, the key words for the psychotherapy
search were psychotherapy (not otherwise specified); behavior therapy,
including aversive therapy, biofeedback (psychology), cognitive therapy,
desensitization (psychologic), implosive therapy, and relaxation
techniques (meditation); psychoanalytic therapy, including
existentialism, free association, transactional analysis, psychotherapy
(brief); and psychotherapy (group), including family therapy and marital
therapy. Major review articles and standard psychiatric texts were
consulted. The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Evidence
Report on Treatment of Depression\--Newer Pharmacotherapies (Rockville
\[MD\]: Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. March 1999
\[Evidence Report/Technology Assessment: no: 7\]) was reviewed in its
entirety. Review articles and relevant clinical trials were reviewed in
their entirety; other studies were selected for review on the basis of
their relevance to the particular issues discussed in this guideline.
#### NUMBER OF SOURCE DOCUMENTS
169 source documents
#### METHODS USED TO ASSESS THE QUALITY AND STRENGTH OF THE EVIDENCE
Expert Consensus (Committee)
#### RATING SCHEME FOR THE STRENGTH OF THE EVIDENCE
Not applicable
#### METHODS USED TO ANALYZE THE EVIDENCE
Review of Published Meta-Analyses\
Systematic Review
#### DESCRIPTION OF THE METHODS USED TO ANALYZE THE EVIDENCE
Not applicable
#### METHODS USED TO FORMULATE THE RECOMMENDATIONS
Expert Consensus
#### DESCRIPTION OF METHODS USED TO FORMULATE THE RECOMMENDATIONS
Once a topic is chosen for guideline development, a work group is formed
to draft the guideline. By design, the work group consists of
psychiatrists in active clinical practice with diverse expertise and
practice experience relevant to the topic. Policies established by the
Steering Committee guide the work of systematically reviewing data in
the literature and forging consensus on the implications of those data,
as well as describing a clinical consensus. These policies, in turn,
stem from criteria formulated by the American Medical Association to
promote the development of guidelines that have a strong evidence base
and that make optimal use of clinical consensus.
#### RATING SCHEME FOR THE STRENGTH OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS
Each recommendation is identified at falling into one of three
categories of endorsement, indicated by a bracketed Roman numeral
following the statement. The three categories represent varying levels
of clinical confidence regarding the recommendation:
\[I\] indicates recommended with substantial clinical confidence.
\[II\] indicates recommended with moderate clinical confidence.
\[III\] indicates options that may be recommended on the basis of
individual circumstances.
#### COST ANALYSIS
A formal cost analysis was not performed and published cost analyses
were not reviewed.
#### METHOD OF GUIDELINE VALIDATION
External Peer Review\
Internal Peer Review
#### DESCRIPTION OF METHOD OF GUIDELINE VALIDATION
The guideline is written in successive drafts, each being revised on the
basis of comments received from an increasing number of people: early
drafts are sent to the Steering Committee and about 50 expert reviewers;
later drafts are sent to members of the Assembly, the District Branches,
the Board of Trustees, and other American Psychiatric Association (APA)
components. Drafts are available to any APA member by request through
their District Branch. In addition, individual experts who are not APA
members along with relevant professional, scientific, and patient
organizations are asked to review the drafts. Once all comments have
been considered, a final draft is sent to the Assembly and Board of
Trustees for their approval. Thus each guideline is reviewed by hundreds
of psychiatrists and other interested parties prior to publication.
### RECOMMENDATIONS
#### MAJOR RECOMMENDATIONS
Each recommendation is identified as falling into one of three
categories of endorsement, by a bracketed Roman numeral following the
statement. The three categories represent varying levels of clinical
confidence regarding the efficacy of the treatment for the disorder and
conditions described.
\[I\] indicates recommended with substantial clinical confidence.
\[II\] indicates recommended with moderate clinical confidence.
\[III\] indicates options that may be recommended on the basis of
individual circumstances.
Successful treatment of patients with major depressive disorder is
promoted by a thorough assessment of the patient \[I\]. Treatment
consists of an acute phase, during which remission is induced; a
continuation phase, during which remission is preserved; and a
maintenance phase, during which the susceptible patient is protected
against the recurrence of subsequent major depressive episodes.
Psychiatrists initiating treatment for major depressive disorder have at
their disposal a number of medications, a variety of psychotherapeutic
approaches, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and other treatment
modalities (e.g., light therapy) that may be used alone or in
combination. The psychiatrist must determine the setting that will most
likely ensure the patient\'s safety as well as promote improvement in
the patient\'s condition \[I\].
A. **Psychiatric Management**
> Psychiatric management consists of a broad array of interventions and
> activities that should be instituted by psychiatrists for all patients
> with major depressive disorder \[I\]. Regardless of the specific
> treatment modalities selected, it is important to continue providing
> psychiatric management through all phases of treatment. The specific
> components of psychiatric management that must be addressed for all
> patients include performing a diagnostic evaluation, evaluating safety
> of the patient and others, evaluating the level of functional
> impairments, determining a treatment setting, establishing and
> maintaining a therapeutic alliance, monitoring the patient\'s
> psychiatric status and safety, providing education to patients and
> families, enhancing treatment adherence, and working with patients to
> address early signs of relapse.
B. **Acute Phase**
1. Choice of an initial treatment modality
> In the acute phase, in addition to psychiatric management, the
> psychiatrist may choose between several initial treatment modalities,
> including pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, the combination of
> medications plus psychotherapy, or electroconvulsive therapy \[I\].
> Selection of an initial treatment modality should be influenced by
> both clinical (e.g., severity of symptoms) and other factors (e.g.,
> patient preference).
a. Antidepressant medication
> If preferred by the patient, antidepressant medications may be
> provided as an initial primary treatment modality for mild major
> depressive disorder \[I\]. Antidepressant medications should be
> provided for moderate to severe major depressive disorder unless
> electroconvulsive therapy is planned \[I\]. A combination of
> antipsychotic and antidepressant medications or electroconvulsive
> therapy should be used for psychotic depression \[I\].
b. Psychotherapy
> A specific, effective psychotherapy alone as an initial treatment
> modality may be considered for patients with mild to moderate major
> depressive disorder \[II\]. Patient preference for psychotherapeutic
> approaches is an important factor that should be considered in the
> decision. Clinical features that may suggest the use of
> psychotherapeutic interventions include the presence of significant
> psychosocial stressors, intrapsychic conflict, interpersonal
> difficulties, or a comorbid axis II disorder \[I\].
c. Psychotherapy plus antidepressant medications
> The combination of a specific effective psychotherapy and medication
> may be a useful initial treatment choice for patients with
> psychosocial issues, interpersonal problems, or a comorbid axis II
> disorder together with moderate to severe major depressive disorder
> \[I\]. In addition, patients who have had a history of only partial
> response to adequate trials of single treatment modalities may benefit
> from combined treatment. Poor adherence with treatments may also
> warrant combined treatment modalities.
d. Electroconvulsive therapy
> Electroconvulsive therapy should be considered for patients with major
> depressive disorder with a high degree of symptom severity and
> functional impairment or for cases in which psychotic symptoms or
> catatonia are present \[I\]. Electroconvulsive therapy may also be the
> treatment modality of choice for patients in whom there is an urgent
> need for response, such as patients who are suicidal or refusing food
> and nutritionally compromised \[II\].
2. Choice of specific pharmacologic treatment
> Antidepressant medications that have been shown to be effective are
> listed in the full-text guideline document \-- see the table titled
> \"Commonly Used Antidepressant Medications\" \[II\]. The effectiveness
> of antidepressant medications is generally comparable between classes
> and within classes of medications. Therefore, the initial selection of
> an antidepressant medication will largely be based on the anticipated
> side effects, the safety or tolerability of these side effects for
> individual patients, patient preference, quantity and quality of
> clinical trial data regarding the medication, and its cost (for more
> information, see Section V.A.1 of the original guideline document)
> \[I\]. On the basis of these considerations, the following medications
> are likely to be optimal for most patients: selective serotonin
> reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), desipramine, nortriptyline, bupropion,
> and venlafaxine. In general, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
> should be restricted to patients who do not respond to other
> treatments because of their potential for serious side effects and the
> necessity of dietary restrictions. Patients with major depressive
> disorder with atypical features are one group for whom several studies
> suggest monoamine oxidase inhibitors may be particularly effective;
> however, in clinical practice, many psychiatrists start with selective
> serotonin reuptake inhibitors in such patients because of the more
> favorable adverse effect profile.
a. Implementation
> When pharmacotherapy is part of the treatment plan, it must be
> integrated with the psychiatric management and any other treatments
> that are being provided (e.g., psychotherapy) \[I\]. Once an
> antidepressant medication has been selected, it can be started at the
> dose levels suggested in the full-text guideline document \-- see the
> table titled \"Commonly Used Antidepressant Medications\" \[I\].
> Titration to full therapeutic doses generally can be accomplished over
> the initial week(s) of treatment but may vary depending on the
> development of side effects, the patient\'s age, and the presence of
> comorbid illnesses. Patients who have started taking an antidepressant
> medication should be carefully monitored to assess their response to
> pharmacotherapy as well as the emergence of side effects, clinical
> condition, and safety \[I\] (see \"Management of Medication Side
> Effects\" in the original guideline document.). Factors to consider in
> determining the frequency of patient monitoring include the severity
> of illness, the patient\'s cooperation with treatment, the
> availability of social supports, and the presence of comorbid general
> medical problems. Visits should also be frequent enough to monitor and
> address suicidality and to promote treatment adherence. In practice,
> the frequency of monitoring during the acute phase of pharmacotherapy
> can vary from once a week in routine cases to multiple times per week
> in more complex cases.
b. Failure to respond
> If at least moderate improvement is not observed following 6-8 weeks
> of pharmacotherapy, a reappraisal of the treatment regimen should be
> conducted \[I\]. Section II.B.2.b in the original guideline document
> reviews options for adjusting the treatment regimen when necessary.
> Following any change in treatment, the patient should continue to be
> closely monitored. If there is not at least a moderate improvement in
> major depressive disorder symptoms after an additional 6-8 weeks of
> treatment, the psychiatrist should conduct another thorough review. An
> algorithm depicting the sequence of subsequent steps that can be taken
> for patients who fail to respond fully to treatment is provided in the
> full-text guideline document \--see \"Acute Phase Treatment of Major
> Depressive Disorder.\"
3. Choice of specific psychotherapy
> Cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy are the
> psychotherapeutic approaches that have the best documented efficacy in
> the literature for the specific treatment of major depressive
> disorder, although rigorous studies evaluating the efficacy of
> psychodynamic psychotherapy have not been published \[II\]. When
> psychodynamic psychotherapy is used as a specific treatment, in
> addition to symptom relief, it is frequently associated with broader
> long-term goals. Patient preference and the availability of clinicians
> with appropriate training and expertise in the specific approach are
> also factors in the choice of a particular form of psychotherapy.
a. Implementation
> When psychotherapy is part of the treatment plan, it must be
> integrated with the psychiatric management and any other treatments
> that are being provided (e.g., medication treatment) \[I\]. The
> optimal frequency of psychotherapy has not been rigorously studied in
> controlled trials. The psychiatrist should take into account multiple
> factors when determining the frequency for individual patients,
> including the specific type and goals of psychotherapy, the frequency
> necessary to create and maintain a therapeutic relationship, the
> frequency of visits required to ensure treatment adherence, and the
> frequency necessary to monitor and address suicidality. The frequency
> of outpatient visits during the acute phase generally varies from once
> a week in routine cases to as often as several times a week.
> Regardless of the type of psychotherapy selected, the patient\'s
> response to treatment should be carefully monitored \[I\].
>
> If more than one clinician is involved in providing the care, it is
> essential that all treating clinicians have sufficient ongoing contact
> with the patient and with each other to ensure that relevant
> information is available to guide treatment decisions \[I\].
b. Failure to respond
> If after 4-8 weeks of treatment at least a moderate improvement is not
> observed, then a thorough review and reappraisal of the diagnosis,
> complicating conditions and issues, and treatment plan should be
> conducted \[I\]. Figure 3 and Section II.B.3.b. in the original
> guideline document review the options to consider.
4. Choice of medications plus psychotherapy
> In general, the same issues that influence the specific choice of
> medication or psychotherapy when used alone should be considered when
> choosing treatments for patients receiving combined modalities \[I\].
5. Assessing the adequacy of response
> It is not uncommon for patients to have a substantial but incomplete
> response in terms of symptom reduction or improvement in functioning
> during acute phase treatments. It is important not to conclude the
> acute phase of treatment for such patients, as a partial response is
> often associated with poor functional outcomes. When patients are
> found to have not fully responded to an acute phase treatment, a
> change in treatment should be considered as outlined in the full-text
> guideline document \-- see \"Acute Phase Treatment of Major Depressive
> Disorder\" \[II\].
C. **Continuation Phase**
> During the 16-20 weeks following remission, patients who have been
> treated with antidepressant medications in the acute phase should be
> maintained on these agents to prevent relapse \[I\]. In general, the
> dose used in the acute phase is also used in the continuation phase.
> Although there has been less study of the use of psychotherapy in the
> continuation phase to prevent relapse, there is growing evidence to
> support the use of a specific effective psychotherapy during the
> continuation phase \[I\]. Use of electroconvulsive therapy in the
> continuation phase has received little formal study but may be useful
> in patients for whom medication or psychotherapy has not been
> effective in maintaining stability during the continuation phase
> \[II\]. The frequency of visits must be determined by the patient\'s
> clinical condition as well as the specific treatments being provided.
D. **Maintenance Phase**
> Following the continuation phase, maintenance-phase treatment should
> be considered for patients to prevent recurrences of major depressive
> disorder \[I\]. Factors to consider are discussed in the full-text
> guideline document \-- see the table titled \"Considerations in the
> Decision to Use Maintenance Treatment\" \-- and Section II.D of the
> original guideline document.
>
> In general, the treatment that was effective in the acute and
> continuation phases should be used in the maintenance phase \[II\]. In
> general, the same full antidepressant medication doses are employed as
> were used in prior phases of treatment; use of lower doses of
> antidepressant medication in the maintenance phase has not been well
> studied. For cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy,
> maintenance phase treatments usually involve a decreased frequency of
> visits (e.g., once a month). The frequency of visits in the
> maintenance phase must be determined by the patient\'s clinical
> condition as well as the specific treatments being provided. The
> frequency required could range from as low as once every 2-3 months
> for stable patients who require only psychiatric management and
> medication monitoring to as high as multiple times a week for those in
> whom psychodynamic psychotherapy is being conducted.
E. **Discontinuation of Active Treatment**
> The decision to discontinue active treatment should be based on the
> same factors considered in the decision to initiate maintenance
> treatment, including the probability of recurrence, the frequency and
> severity of past episodes, the persistence of dysthymic symptoms after
> recovery, the presence of comorbid disorders, and patient preferences
> \[I\]. In addition to the factors listed in the full-text guideline
> document \-- see the table titled \"Considerations in the Decision to
> Use Maintenance Treatment\" and the table titled \"Risk Factors for
> Recurrence of Major Depressive Disorder\" \-- patients and their
> psychiatrists should consider the patient\'s response, in terms of
> both beneficial and adverse effects, to maintenance treatments.
#### CLINICAL ALGORITHM(S)
The original guideline contains a clinical algorithm depicting the
sequence of subsequent steps that can be taken for patients who fail to
respond fully to treatment.
### EVIDENCE SUPPORTING THE RECOMMENDATIONS
#### TYPE OF EVIDENCE SUPPORTING THE RECOMMENDATIONS
The recommendations delineated in this guideline are in some instances
based on data distilled from randomized prospective clinical trials,
while in other areas they are based on individual case reports along
with the collective experience and judgment of well-regarded senior
psychiatrists.
To identify the type of evidence supporting the major recommendations in
the full-text practice guide, each is keyed to one or more references
and each reference is followed by a letter code in brackets that
indicates the nature of the supporting evidence. Minor recommendations
not keyed to references may be assumed to be based on expert opinion.
The bracketed letter following each reference indicates the nature of
the supporting evidence, as follows:
\[A\] Randomized controlled clinical trial
\[B\] Nonrandomized case-control study
\[C\] Nonrandomized cohort study
\[D\] Clinical report with nonrandomized historical comparison groups
\[E\] Case report or series
\[F\] Expert consensus
\[G\] Subject review subsuming multiple categories A-E
### BENEFITS/HARMS OF IMPLEMENTING THE GUIDELINE RECOMMENDATIONS
#### POTENTIAL BENEFITS
- Improved patient care.
- Education of psychiatrists, other medical and mental health
professionals, and the general public about appropriate and
inappropriate treatments.
- Identification of those areas where critical information is lacking
and where research could be expected to improve clinical decisions.
- Aid those charged with overseeing the utilization and reimbursement
of psychiatric services with developing more scientifically based
and clinically sensitive criteria.
#### POTENTIAL HARMS
*Side effects of antidepressant medication*:
- Dizziness, sedation, and feeling medicated: Associated with many
antidepressants. Amitriptyline, doxepin, and trazodone are
experienced as most sedating, nortriptyline and amoxapine as less
sedating, and fluoxetine, sertraline, bupropion, protriptyline, and
desipramine as least sedating.
- Peripheral anticholinergic side effects: The most common undesirable
consequences of muscarinic blockade are dry mouth, impaired ability
to focus at close range, constipation, and urinary hesitation. All
tricyclic antidepressants have some degree of antimuscarinic action;
desipramine has the lowest potency in this regard. While monoamine
oxidase inhibitors are not anticholinergic, their side effects may
resemble anticholinergic symptoms.
- Weight gain: Tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase
inhibitors, and lithium all have the capacity to induce weight gain.
Bupropion, fluoxetine, sertraline, and trazodone do not usually
induce weight gain, and bupropion and fluoxetine (and perhaps
sertraline) may actually cause some (usually transient) degree of
appetite and weight loss.
- Sexual dysfunction: While loss of erectile or ejaculatory function
in men and loss of libido and anorgasmia in both sexes may be
complications of virtually any antidepressant agent, these side
effects appear to be most common with the monoamine oxidase
inhibitors, fluoxetine, and probably sertraline and to be least
common with bupropion.
- Neurological side effects, such as seizures or myoclonus: Overall,
for most agents and for patients without specific risk factors who
receive antidepressants administered within the recommended dose
range, the risk of seizures is most often reported to be less than 1
percent. Fluoxetine, sertraline, trazodone, and monoamine oxidase
inhibitors carry a lower risk of inducing seizures. Risk increases
with dose for all offending agents. Tricyclic antidepressants
sometimes induce mild myoclonus
- Cardiovascular effects, such as orthostatic hypotension: A common
side effect of tricyclic antidepressants, trazodone, and monoamine
oxidase inhibitors.
- Insomnia and anxiety: Fluoxetine may precipitate or exacerbate
anxiety and sleep disturbance in some patients. Anxiety may be
minimized by introducing the agent at a low dose; insomnia may be
effectively treated by the addition of trazodone, up to 100 mg at
bedtime. Other antidepressants, including desipramine and bupropion,
may also increase anxiety in some patients.
*Side effects associated with electroconvulsive therapy*
- Cognitive: transient postictal confusional state and anterograde and
retrograde memory interference.
- Cardiovascular: transient rise in heart rate, cardiac workload, and
blood pressure.
- Cerebrovascular: transient rise in intracranial pressure and
blood-brain barrier permeability.
*Side effects associated with light therapy*
- Possibly include headache, eye strain, irritability, and insomnia,
adverse ocular effects.
**Subgroups Most Likely to be Harmed**:
*The following subgroups would be most likely to be harmed by
electroconvulsive therapy:*
- Patients with the presence of significant cardiovascular disease.
Electroconvulsive therapy is an indication for caution and general
medical or cardiology consultation.
- Patients with evidence of increased intracranial pressure or
cerebrovascular fragility. These patients should only receive
electroconvulsive therapy after careful general medical,
neurological, or neurosurgical evaluation.
*The following subgroups are more vulnerable to light therapy and would
require attention and consultative supervision of the appropriate
specialist if light therapy were conducted:*
- Patients with retinal diseases or ordinary photosensitivity.
- Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
- Patients with a history of skin cancer.
*Patients with the following concurrent general medical disorders are
most likely to be adversely affected by pharmacotherapy:*
- *Asthma.* Individuals with asthma who receive monoamine oxidase
inhibitors should be cautioned regarding interactions with
sympathomimetic bronchodilators.
- *Cardiac disease.* The presence of specific cardiac conditions
complicates or contraindicates certain forms of antidepressant
medication therapy, notably use of tricyclic agents; the cardiac
history should therefore be carefully explored before the initiation
of medication treatment.
- *Dementia.* Individuals with dementia are particularly susceptible
to the toxic effects of muscarinic blockade on memory and attention.
Therefore, individuals suffering from dementia generally do best
when given antidepressant medications with the lowest possible
degree of anticholinergic effect, e.g., bupropion, fluoxetine,
sertraline, trazodone, and, of the tricyclic agents, desipramine or
nortriptyline. Alternatively, some patients do well given stimulants
in small doses.
- *Epilepsy.* Consideration should be given to concomitant
prescription of an antiepileptic (or elevating the dose of an
existing antiepileptic).
- *Glaucoma.*Medications with anticholinergic potency may precipitate
acute narrow-angle glaucoma in susceptible individuals (i.e., those
with shallow anterior chambers). Patients with glaucoma receiving
local miotic therapy may be treated with antidepressant medications,
including those possessing anticholinergic properties, provided that
their intraocular pressure is monitored during antidepressant
medication treatment.
- *Hypertension.* Antihypertensive agents and tricyclic antidepressant
medications may interact to either intensify or counteract the
effect of the antihypertensive therapy. The action of
antihypertensive agents that block alpha receptors (e.g., prazosin)
may be intensified by antidepressant medications that block these
same receptors, notably the tricyclic antidepressants and trazodone.
Tricyclic antidepressants may antagonize the therapeutic actions of
guanethidine, clonidine, or alpha-methyldopa. Concurrent
antihypertensive treatment, especially with diuretics, increases the
likelihood that tricyclic antidepressants, trazodone, or monoamine
oxidase inhibitors will induce symptomatic orthostatic hypotension.
Beta-blockers, especially propranolol, may be a cause of major
depressive disorder in some patients; individuals who have become
depressed after initiation of treatment with one of these
medications should be changed to another antihypertensive regimen.
Dose-dependent elevations in blood pressure with venlafaxine are
usually mild, although more severe elevations have been observed,
making this agent less preferable in patients with hypertension.
- *Obstructive uropathy.* Benzodiazepines, trazodone, and monoamine
oxidase inhibitors may retard bladder emptying.
- *Parkinson\'s disease.* Amoxapine, an antidepressant medication with
dopamine-receptor blocking properties, should be avoided for
patients who have Parkinson\'s disease. Lithium may in some
instances induce or exacerbate parkinsonian symptoms. Bupropion, in
contrast, exerts a beneficial effect on the symptoms of Parkinson\'s
disease in some patients but may also induce psychotic symptoms,
perhaps because of its agonistic action in the dopaminergic system.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (other than selegiline, also known as
L-deprenyl, a selective type B monoamine oxidase inhibitor
recommended in the treatment of Parkinson\'s disease) may adversely
interact with L-dopa products. Selegiline loses its specificity for
monoamine oxidase-B in doses greater than 10 mg/day and may induce
serotonin syndrome when given in higher doses in conjunction with
serotonin-enhancing antidepressant medications.
### CONTRAINDICATIONS
#### CONTRAINDICATIONS
Prostatism and other forms of bladder outlet obstruction are relative
contraindications to the use of antidepressant medication compounds with
antimuscarinic effects.
### QUALIFYING STATEMENTS
#### QUALIFYING STATEMENTS
This guideline is not intended to be construed or to serve as a standard
of medical care. Standards of medical care are determined on the basis
of all clinical data available for an individual case and are subject to
change as scientific knowledge and technology advance and patterns
evolve. These parameters of practice should be considered guidelines
only. Adherence to them will not ensure a successful outcome in every
case, nor should they be construed as including all proper methods of
care or excluding other acceptable methods of care aimed at the same
results. The ultimate judgment regarding a particular clinical procedure
or treatment course must be made by the physician in light of the
clinical data presented by the patient and the diagnostic and treatment
options available.
### IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GUIDELINE
#### DESCRIPTION OF IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The American Psychiatric Association develops derivative products
including patient guides, quick reference guides, and quality of care
indicators with research studies to evaluate the effectiveness of the
guideline.
#### IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS
Clinical Algorithm\
Patient Resources\
Staff Training/Competency Material
For information about
[availability](#identifying-information-and-availability), see the
\"Availability of Companion Documents\" and \"Patient Resources\" fields
below.
### INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE (IOM) NATIONAL HEALTHCARE QUALITY REPORT CATEGORIES
#### IOM CARE NEED
Getting Better
#### IOM DOMAIN
Effectiveness\
Patient-centeredness
### IDENTIFYING INFORMATION AND AVAILABILITY
#### BIBLIOGRAPHIC SOURCE(S)
American Psychiatric Association practice guideline for the treatment of
patients with major depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2000 Apr;157(4
Suppl):1-45. \[325 references\]
#### ADAPTATION
Not applicable: The guideline was not adapted from another source.
#### DATE RELEASED
1993 (revised 2000; reviewed 2005)
#### GUIDELINE DEVELOPER(S)
American Psychiatric Association - Medical Specialty Society
#### SOURCE(S) OF FUNDING
American Psychiatric Association (APA)
#### GUIDELINE COMMITTEE
Work Group on Major Depressive Disorder
#### COMPOSITION OF GROUP THAT AUTHORED THE GUIDELINE
*Work Group Members*: T. Byram Karasu, M.D., Chair; Alan Gelenberg,
M.D.; Arnold E. Merriam, M.D.; Philip Wang, M.D., Dr.P.H.
#### FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES/CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
This practice guideline has been developed by psychiatrists who are in
active clinical practice. In addition, some contributors are primarily
involved in research or other academic endeavors. It is possible that
through such activities many contributors have received income related
to treatments discussed in this guideline. A number of mechanisms are in
place to minimize the potential for producing biased recommendations due
to conflicts of interest. The guideline has been extensively reviewed by
members of American Psychiatric Association (APA) as well as by
representatives from related fields. Contributors and reviewers have all
been asked to base their recommendations on an objective evaluation of
the available evidence. Any contributor or reviewer who has a potential
conflict of interest that may bias (or appear to bias) his or her work
has been asked to notify the APA Office of Research. This potential bias
is then discussed with the work group chair and the chair of the
Steering Committee on Practice Guidelines. Further action depends on the
assessment of the potential bias.
#### GUIDELINE STATUS
This is the current release of the guideline. It is a revision of a
previously issued version (Practice guideline for major depressive
disorder in adults. Washington \[DC\]: American Psychiatric Press, Inc;
1993. 51 p., and Am J Psychiatry 1993 Apr;150\[4 Suppl\]:1-26).
According to the guideline developer, this guideline is still considered
to be current as of February 2005, based on a review of literature
published since the original guideline publication.
In addition, a Guideline Watch, which summarizes significant
developments in practice since the publication of the original
guideline, was published in 2005 and is available from the [American
Psychiatric Association Web
site](http://www.psych.org/psych_pract/treatg/pg/MDD_Watch_031005.pdf)
(see also the \"Availability of Companion Documents\" field below).
#### GUIDELINE AVAILABILITY
Electronic copies: Available from the [American Psychiatric Association
(APA) Web
site](http://www.psych.org/psych_pract/treatg/pg/prac_guide.cfm).
Print copies: Available from the American Psychiatric Press, Inc (APPI),
1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1825, Arlington, VA 22209-3901; (703)
907-7322; (800) 368-5777; Fax (703) 907-1091.
#### AVAILABILITY OF COMPANION DOCUMENTS
The following are available:
- American Psychiatric Association practice guideline development
process. In: Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Psychiatric
Disorders: Compendium 2000. Washington, DC: APA, 2000.
- Treating major depressive disorder: A quick reference guide for
psychiatrists. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric
Association, 2000. 25 p. Electronic copies: Available in Portable
Document Format (PDF) from the [American Psychiatric Association Web
site](http://www.psych.org/psych_pract/treatg/quick_ref_guide/MDDQRG_04-15-05.pdf).
- Fochtmann, LJ & Gelenberg, AJ. Guideline Watch: practice guideline
for the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder, 2nd
Edition. Arlington (VA): American Psychiatric Association; 2005
Winter. 9 p. Electronic copies available in Portable Document Format
(PDF) from the [American Psychiatric Association Web
site](http://www.psych.org/psych_pract/treatg/pg/MDD_Watch_031005.pdf).
Print copies: Available from the American Psychiatric Press, Inc (APPI),
1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1825, Arlington, VA 22209-3901; (703)
907-7322; (800) 368-5777; Fax (703) 907-1091.
Additionally, a continuing medical education (CME) course is available
online at the [American Psychiatric Association Web
site](http://www.psych.org/cme/apacme/index.cfm).
#### PATIENT RESOURCES
The following is available:
- Treatment works. Major depressive disorder: a patient and family
guide. Available in Portable Document Format (PDF) from the
[American Psychiatric Association (APA) Web
site](http://www.psych.org/psych_pract/treatg/patientfam_guide/MajorDepressive.pdf).
Please note: This patient information is intended to provide health
professionals with information to share with their patients to help them
better understand their health and their diagnosed disorders. By
providing access to this patient information, it is not the intention of
NGC to provide specific medical advice for particular patients. Rather
we urge patients and their representatives to review this material and
then to consult with a licensed health professional for evaluation of
treatment options suitable for them as well as for diagnosis and answers
to their personal medical questions. This patient information has been
derived and prepared from a guideline for health care professionals
included on NGC by the authors or publishers of that original guideline.
The patient information is not reviewed by NGC to establish whether or
not it accurately reflects the original guideline\'s content.
#### NGC STATUS
This summary was completed by ECRI on December 1, 1998. The information
was verified by the guideline developer on January 11, 1999. The summary
was updated by ECRI on February 1, 2001. The updated summary was
verified by the guideline developer as of March 9, 2001. This summary
was updated by ECRI on August 15, 2005, following the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration advisory on antidepressant medications. This summary was
updated by ECRI on October 3, 2005, following the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration advisory on Paxil (paroxetine). This summary was updated
by ECRI on December 12, 2005, following the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration advisory on Paroxetine HCL - Paxil and generic
paroxetine. This summary was updated by ECRI on May 31, 2006 following
the U.S. Food and Drug Administration advisory on Paxil (paroxetine
hydrochloride). This summary was updated by ECRI on November 21, 2006,
following the FDA advisory on Effexor (venlafaxine HCl). This summary
was updated by ECRI Institute on November 2, 2007, following the U.S.
Food and Drug Administration advisory on Antidepressant drugs.
#### COPYRIGHT STATEMENT
This NGC summary is based on the original guideline, which is subject to
the guideline developer\'s copyright restrictions.
### DISCLAIMER
#### NGC DISCLAIMER
The National Guideline Clearinghouse™ (NGC) does not develop, produce,
approve, or endorse the guidelines represented on this site.
All guidelines summarized by NGC and hosted on our site are produced
under the auspices of medical specialty societies, relevant professional
associations, public or private organizations, other government
agencies, health care organizations or plans, and similar entities.
Guidelines represented on the NGC Web site are submitted by guideline
developers, and are screened solely to determine that they meet the NGC
Inclusion Criteria which may be found at
<http://www.guideline.gov/about/inclusion.aspx> .
NGC, AHRQ, and its contractor ECRI Institute make no warranties
concerning the content or clinical efficacy or effectiveness of the
clinical practice guidelines and related materials represented on this
site. Moreover, the views and opinions of developers or authors of
guidelines represented on this site do not necessarily state or reflect
those of NGC, AHRQ, or its contractor ECRI Institute, and inclusion or
hosting of guidelines in NGC may not be used for advertising or
commercial endorsement purposes.
Readers with questions regarding guideline content are directed to
contact the guideline developer.
Bottom of Form
© 1998-2008 National Guideline Clearinghouse
Date Modified: 11/3/2008
| en |
converted_docs | 689803 | # FORM -- SRP
Rev. 01/24/07
**SEAT REFERENCE POINT (SRP) AND TORSO ANGLE DATA**
FMVSS No. 201, 202, 203, 207, 210 & 216
(All dimensions in inches)
Model Year: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_/ Make:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_/ Model:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Body Style: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_/ Seat Style:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
{width="6.0in" height="4.072222222222222in"}
----------------------- ------------------------ -----------------------
DIMENSION FRONT, A1 REAR, A2
A
B
C
D
E \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
F \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
----------------------- ------------------------ -----------------------
**SEATING REFERENCE POINT (SRP) AND TORSO ANGLE DATA**
FMVSS No. 201, 202, 203, 207 & 210
(All dimensions in inches)
Model Year: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_/ Make:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_/ Model:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Body Style: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_/ Seat Style:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
{width="6.0in" height="4.5in"}
------------------- ---------------------------------------------------
B
C
F\*
G
H\*
------------------- ---------------------------------------------------
\* Provide all dimensions needed to locate SRP.
**TEST VEHICLE SEAT INFORMATION**
FMVSS No. 201, 202, 203, 207 & 210
(All dimensions in inches)
Model Year: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_/ Make:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_/ Model:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Body Style: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_/ Seat Style:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
{width="6.0in" height="4.5in"}
+---------+---------------+-----------------------+---------+---------+
| A1 | | | ** | * |
| | | | FRONT** | *BACK** |
+---------+---------------+-----------------------+---------+---------+
| B1 | | Weight of Hinged or | | |
| | | Folding portion of | | |
| | | seat | | |
+---------+---------------+-----------------------+---------+---------+
| A2 | | Weight of | | |
| | | | | |
| | | Total Seat System | | |
+---------+---------------+-----------------------+---------+---------+
| B2 | | Angle of | | |
| | | | | |
| | | Seat Back | | |
+---------+---------------+-----------------------+---------+---------+
**SEATING REFERENCE POINT (SRP) AND TORSO ANGLE DATA**
FMVSS No. 201, 202, 203, 207 & 210
(All dimensions in inches)
Model Year: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_/ Make:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_/ Model:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
{width="6.0in" height="4.166666666666667in"}Body
Style: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_/ Seat Style:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
DIMENSION FRONT, A1 MIDDLE, A2 REAR, A3
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
**SEATING REFERENCE POINT (SRP) AND TORSO ANGLE DATA**
FMVSS No. 201, 202, 203, 207 & 210
(All dimensions in inches)
Model Year: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_/ Make:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_/ Model:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Body Style: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_/ Seat Style:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
{width="6.0in" height="4.5in"}
------------------- ---------------------------------------------------
B
C
D
H\*
I\*
J\*
------------------- ---------------------------------------------------
\* Provide all dimensions needed to locate SRP.
**TEST VEHICLE SEAT INFORMATION**
FMVSS No. 201, 202, 203, 207 & 210
(All dimensions in inches)
Model Year: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_/ Make:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_/ Model:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
{width="5.996527777777778in"
height="4.253472222222222in"}Body Style:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_/ Seat Style:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Note: A: CG of Seat Back
B: CG of total seating system
+---------+---------------+-----------------------+---------+---------+
| A1 | | | ** | * |
| | | | FRONT** | *BACK** |
+---------+---------------+-----------------------+---------+---------+
| B1 | | Weight of Hinged or | | |
| | | Folding portion of | | |
| | | seat | | |
+---------+---------------+-----------------------+---------+---------+
| A2 | | Weight of | | |
| | | | | |
| | | Total Seat System | | |
+---------+---------------+-----------------------+---------+---------+
| B2 | | Angle of | | |
| | | | | |
| | | Seat Back | | |
+---------+---------------+-----------------------+---------+---------+
| A3 | | REMARKS: | | |
+---------+---------------+-----------------------+---------+---------+
| B3 | | | | |
+---------+---------------+-----------------------+---------+---------+
| en |
all-txt-docs | 733647 | SECURITIES ACT REGISTRATIONS
August 13, 2008
The following registration statements have been filed with the SEC
under the Securities Act of 1933. The reported information appears as
follows: Form, Name, Address and Phone Number (if available) of the
issuer of the security; Title and the number and/or face amount of the
securities being offered; Name of the managing underwriter or
depositor (if applicable); File number and date filed; Assigned
Branch; and a designation if the statement is a New Issue.
Registration statements may be viewed in person in the Commission's
Public Reference Branch at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. To
obtain paper copies, please refer to information on the Commission's
Web site at http://www.sec.gov/answers/publicdocs.htm. In most cases,
you can view and download this information by using the search
function located at:
http://www.sec.gov/edgar/searchedgar/companysearch.html.
S-1 PERF Go-Green Holdings, Inc, 7425 BRIGHTON VILLAGE DR., CHAPEL HILL,,
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S-1 WESTERN LUCRATIVE ENTERPRISES, INC., 1022 W. 8TH ST., CEDAR FALLS, IA,
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| en |
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For further information on spectrsocopy, see: http://speclab.cr.usgs.gov
ASCII Spectral Data file contents:
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2.720000******************************
2.752000******************************
2.784000******************************
2.816000******************************
2.848000******************************
2.880000******************************
2.912000******************************
2.944000******************************
2.976000******************************
| eu |
all-txt-docs | 080107 | [Federal Register: December 30, 1999 (Volume 64, Number 250)]
[Notices]
[Page 73562-73563]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr30de99-108]
[[Page 73562]]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Food and Drug Administration
[Docket No. 99D-5347]
Draft ``Guidance for Industry: Precautionary Measures to Reduce
the Possible Risk of Transmission of Zoonoses by Blood and Blood
Products From Xenotransplantation Product Recipients and Their
Contacts;'' Availability
AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS.
ACTION: Notice.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing the
availability of a draft guidance document entitled ``Guidance for
Industry: Precautionary Measures to Reduce the Possible Risk of
Transmission of Zoonoses by Blood and Blood Products From
Xenotransplantation Product Recipients and Their Contacts.'' The draft
guidance document is intended to provide recommendations to all
registered blood and plasma establishments, and establishments engaged
in manufacturing plasma derivatives. The draft guidance document
provides recommendations regarding donor deferral and the disposition
of blood products.
DATES: Submit written comments at any time, however, comments should be
submitted by February 28, 2000, to ensure their adequate consideration
in preparation of the final document.
ADDRESSES: Submit written requests for single copies of ``Guidance for
Industry: Precautionary Measures to Reduce the Possible Risk of
Transmission of Zoonoses by Blood and Blood Products From
Xenotransplantation Product Recipients and Their Contacts'' to the
Office of Communication, Training, and Manufacturers Assistance (HFM-
40), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug
Administration, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448. Send one
self-addressed adhesive label to assist the office in processing your
requests. The document may also be obtained by mail by calling the CBER
Voice Information System at 1-800-835-4709 or 301-827-1800, or by fax
by calling the FAX Information System at 1-888-CBER-FAX or 301-827-
3844. See the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section for electronic access
to the draft guidance document. Submit written comments on the draft
guidance document to the Dockets Management Branch (HFA-305), Food and
Drug Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Valerie A. Butler, Center for
Biologics Evaluation and Research (HFM-17), Food and Drug
Administration, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, 301-827-
6210.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Background
FDA is announcing the availability of a draft guidance document
entitled ``Guidance for Industry: Precautionary Measures to Reduce the
Possible Risk of Transmission of Zoonoses by Blood and Blood Products
From Xenotransplantation Product Recipients and Their Contacts.'' The
draft guidance document provides FDA's recommendations to all
registered blood and plasma establishments and establishments engaged
in manufacturing plasma derivatives regarding donor deferral. It also
provides recommendations on the disposition of blood products
manufactured from a donor who is retrospectively discovered to have
received a xenotransplantation product or to have been in close contact
with a recipient of a xenotransplantation product.
Concerns have arisen in the last few years about the potential
infectious disease and public health risks associated with
xenotransplantation. Zoonoses are infectious diseases of animals that
can be transmitted to humans through exposure to, or consumption of
animals. Because transplantation necessitates disruption of the
recipient's usual protective physical and immunologic barriers,
xenotransplantation may facilitate transmission of known or as yet
unrecognized infectious agents to humans.
The ``Draft Public Health Service (PHS) Guideline on Infectious
Disease Issues in Xenotransplantation'' published in the Federal
Register of September 23, 1996 (61 FR 49920). The draft guideline,
which includes outlines of health surveillance programs and principles
for screening candidate source animals for infectious agents of
concern, indicated that patient consent forms should state clearly that
xenotransplantation product recipients should never, subsequent to
receiving the transplant, donate Whole Blood, blood components, Source
Plasma, Source Leukocytes, tissues, breast milk, ova, sperm, or any
other body parts for use in humans.
In an open public meeting on December 17, 1997 (62 FR 62776,
November 25, 1997), the Xenotransplantation Subcommittee of the
Biological Response Modifiers Advisory Committee recommended that close
contacts of xenotransplantation product recipients, as well as the
recipients themselves, should not donate blood or tissue because these
individuals are theoretically at risk of acquiring zoonoses, and of
transmitting them through blood and tissue donations. At FDA's Blood
Products Advisory Committee open public meeting held on March 19, 1998
(63 FR 8461, February 19, 1998), donor deferral issues related to
xenotransplantation were also discussed.
The draft guidance document represents the agency's current
thinking with regard to possible risk of transmission of zoonoses by
xenotransplantation product recipients and their contacts, through
blood and blood products. It does not create or confer any rights for
or on any person and does not operate to bind FDA or the public. An
alternative approach may be used if such approach satisfies the
requirement of the applicable statute, regulations, or both. As with
other guidance documents, FDA does not intend this document to be all-
inclusive and cautions that not all information may be applicable to
all situations. The document is intended to provide information and
does not set forth requirements.
II. Comments
The draft guidance document is being distributed for comment,
however, the recommendations may be implemented immediately without
prior approval by FDA. Interested persons may submit to the Dockets
Management Branch (address above) written comments regarding this draft
guidance document. Written comments may be submitted at any time,
however, comments should be submitted by February 28, 2000, to ensure
adequate consideration in preparation of the final document. Two copies
of any comments are to be submitted, except individuals may submit one
copy. Comments should be identified with the docket number found in the
brackets in the heading of this document. A copy of the draft guidance
document and received comments are available for public examination in
the Dockets Management Branch between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through
Friday.
III. Electronic Access
Persons with access to the Internet may obtain the document at
http://www.fda.gov/cber/guidelines.htm.
[[Page 73563]]
Dated: December 22, 1999.
Margaret M. Dotzel,
Acting Associate Commissioner for Policy.
[FR Doc. 99-33940 Filed 12-29-99; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4160-01-F
| en |
converted_docs | 741360 | GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION
**FEDERAL SUPPLY SERVICE**
**AUTHORIZED FEDERAL SUPPLY SCHEDULE PRICE LIST**
On-line access to contract ordering information, terms and conditions,
up-to-date pricing, and the option to create an electronic delivery
order are available through GSA *Advantage!*^TM^, a menu-driven database
system. The INTERNET address for GSA *Advantage*!^TM^ is:
[www.gsaadvantage.gov](http://www.gsaadvantage.gov/).
**SCHEDULE TITLE:**
# HUMAN RESOURCES & EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY SERVICES
> **Federal Supply Group: 738X Class: SIN 595-21**
# CONTRACT NUMBER: GS-02F-0067T
**CONTRACT PERIOD: March 16, 2007 -- March 15, 2012**
For more information on ordering from Federal Supply Schedules click on
the FSS Schedules button on
http://[www.fss.gsa.gov](http://www.fss.gsa.gov/)
{width="2.5368055555555555in"
height="2.5368055555555555in"}
**CONTRACTOR: Protection Strategies Incorporated**
2300 9^th^ Street South, Suite 503
Arlington, Virginia 22304
Ph: (703) 553-0561
Fax: (703) 553-0562
Website: [www.protectionsi.com](http://www.protectionsi.com/)
**CONTRACTOR'S ADMINISTRATION SOURCE:**
> Keith P. Hedman, President & CEO
2300 9^th^ Street South, Suite 503
Arlington, Virginia 22304
Ph: (703) 553-0561
Fax: (703) 553-0562
Email: <khedman@protectionsi.com>
**BUSINESS SIZE: *Small, Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Business
Concern***
## [CUSTOMER INFORMATION:]{.underline}
**1a. AWARDED SPECIAL ITEM NUMBERS (SINs):**
> 595-21 HR General Support Services
**1b. LOWEST PRICED MODEL NUMBER AND PRICE FOR EACH SIN:**
(Government net price based on a unit of one)
**[SIN]{.underline} [MODEL/SERVICE]{.underline} [PRICE]{.underline}**
595-21 Screener \$77.80/hour
**1c. HOURLY RATES:** See Approved Price List.
2. **MAXIMUM ORDER GUIDELINE:** \$1,000,000.00
3. **MINIMUM ORDER LIMITATION:** \$100.00
4. **GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE:** Domestic Only.
5. **PRODUCTION POINT:** Same as company address.
6. **DISCOUNT FROM LIST PRICES OR STATEMENT OF NET PRICE:** Government
net prices (discounts already deducted).
7. **QUANTITY DISCOUNTS:** 3% for \$1.00 to \$50,000
> 5% for \$50,001 to \$500,000
>
> 6% for \$500,001 to \$1,000,000
>
> 7% for over \$1,000,000
8. **PROMPT PAYMENT TERMS:** Net 30 Days.
**9a.** **NOTIFICATION THAT GOVERNMENT** **PURCHASE CARDS ARE ACCEPTED
AT OR BELOW THE MICRO-PURCHASE THRESHOLD:** Yes
**9b. NOTIFICATION THAT GOVERNMENT PURCHASE CARDS ARE NOT ACCEPTED ABOVE
THE MICRO-PURCHASE THRESHOLD:**
**10. FOREIGN ITEMS:** None
**11a. TIME OF DELIVERY:** Specific on the Task Order
**11b. EXPEDITED DELIVERY:** Consult with Contractor
**11c. OVERNIGHT DELIVERY:** Consult with Contractor
**11d. URGENT REQUIREMENTS:** Consult with Contractor
12. **FOB POINT:** Destination
**13a. ORDERING ADDRESS:** Protection Strategies Incorporated, 2300
9^th^ Street South, Suite 503, Arlington, Virginia 22304
**13b. ORDERING PROCEDURES:** For Supplies and Services, the ordering
procedures, information on Blanket Purchase Agreements (BPA's) and a
sample BPA can be found at the GSA/FSS Schedule homepage
(fss.gsa.gov/schedules).
**14. PAYMENT ADDRESS:** Protection Strategies Incorporated, 2300 9^th^
Street South, Suite 503, Arlington, Virginia 22204
15. **WARRANTY PROVISIONS:** Contractor's Standard Commercial Warranty
16. **EXPORT PACKING CHARGES:** N/A
17. **TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF GOVERNMENT PURCHASE CARD ACCEPTANCE:**
Consult with Contractor
18. **TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF RENTAL:** N/A
19. **TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF INSTALLATION:** N/A
20. **TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF REPAIR PARTS:** N/A
**20a.** **TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR ANY OTHER SERVICES:** N/A
21. **LIST OF SERVICE AND DISTRIBUTION POINTS:** N/A
22. **LIST OF PARTICIPATING DEALERS:** N/A
23. **PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE:** N/A
**24a.** **SPECIAL ATTRIBUTES:** N/A
**24b. SECTION 508:** N/A
**25. DATA UNIVERSAL NUMBER SYSTEM (DUNS) NUMBER:** 04-0773264
26. **NOTIFICATION REGARDING REGISTRATION IN CENTRAL CONTRACTING
REGISTRATION (CCR) DATABASE:** Registered.
------------------------------- --------------- -----------------------
***738X SCHEDULE PRICING FOR
SIN 595-21***
[LABOR CATEGORY]{.mark} [GOVERNMENT [GOVERNMENT DAILY
HOURLY RATE]{.mark}
RATE]{.mark}
Program Manager \$164.04 \$1,312.32
Project Manager \$136.71 \$1,093.68
Senior Adjudicator \$131.22 \$1,049.76
Adjudicator \$102.25 \$818.00
Senior Investigator \$120.30 \$962.40
Investigator \$98.42 \$787.36
Senior Screener \$92.95 \$743.60
Screener \$77.80 \$622.40
------------------------------- --------------- -----------------------
## [Corporate Profile]{.underline}
**Protection Strategies Incorporated (PSI)** is a **U.S.
Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned** national security and service provider
located in Arlington, Virginia. **PSI** is certified as a **small
business** by the Small Business Administration and is a recipient of
the **738X Federal Supply Schedule Contract #GS-02F-0067T. PSI** holds a
facility clearance, **Cage Code 1JF37.** **PSI** currently provides
Pre-Employment Screening, Risk Management, National Security Consulting,
Personnel Security Support, and Security and Administrative Support
Services to various Federal, State and local government agencies, and to
several large corporations worldwide.
**PSI** is a highly respected security management and support services
contractor. **PSI's** founders have been successfully supporting
national security programs for a combined total of over 100 years. On
every project, **PSI** management ensures outstanding results through a
constant evaluation process that helps to maximize productivity while
minimizing errors and costs. Collaborating with a client, **PSI**
applies robust management and business process analysis techniques to
help identify a client's needs. **PSI** then crafts a comprehensive
solution unique to each client's needs to ensure mission accomplishment
in timely and cost-effective manner.
**[Our Mission]{.underline}**
**PSI** is committed to becoming the leading provider of national and
international security needs with our unprecedented commitment to
delivering the ***Highest Standards of Quality Services*** by adhering
to the following principles:
- **PSI** offers exceptional support services at low competitive rates
on a wide range of security disciplines; resulting in some of the
industry\'s most competitive rates and comprehensive programs.
- **PSI** retains the security industry\'s most respected subject
matter experts through an established working environment that
nurtures creativity and innovation among its employees; encourages
promotion from within; and offers comprehensive, competitive
benefits, resulting in an outstanding rate of employee retention.
- **PSI** carefully ensures the recruitment of a highly qualified
diverse staff, to include women and minorities; requires all
technical staff to maintain a top level federal security clearance
(relative to specific contract requirements); and provides seasoned
professionals in all security disciplines to our customers.
**[Competitive Advantage]{.underline}**
**PSI** employs a staff of highly skilled, seasoned security experts.
Each professional staff member possesses an impressive background in
safeguards and security, background investigations, protective force
services, project management, and security operations management.
**PSI\'**s core corporate staff have over 100 years of combined national
level security services experience performing personnel security
background investigations and adjudications; chemical/biological
countermeasures, weapons of mass destruction, and emergency/contingency
planning; analyzing risks, assessing areas of vulnerability, and
advising necessary actions to both government and commercial clients.
**PSI**\'s operations personnel are experienced professionals at
providing accurate information quickly, maintaining privacy, security
and confidentiality at all times. **PSI** staff has extensive
experience and is highly regarded in the area of assessing and ensuring
compliance expertise with local, State and Federal regulations. Our
corps of security experts are veterans with years of experience with the
Department of Defense, Department of State, and the Department of
Energy. All **PSI** technical personnel hold a DOE \'Q\' security
clearance and/or a DOD \"Top Secret\" security clearance. Our subject
matter experts have conducted airport, seaport, and rail station
assessments, other critical transportation node vulnerability
assessments, and validation of readiness through \"credible adversary\"
performance testing, both nationally and abroad. **PSI**'s
***\"adversary perspective\"*** is unique and complements the
traditional protection program methodologies. Historically, security
planners identify what constitutes their \"core assets\" and then design
its security in layers outward from those assets. **PSI**\'s Credible
Adversary Specialists identify targets that are the most attractive to a
variety of diverse adversary sets, establish potential adversary paths
and penetration techniques likeliest to be used, and outline security
measures and actions that will reduce or eliminate the risk of adversary
success to acceptable limits.
This \"outside the box\" approach is not designed to replace traditional
security planning, but provides an additional tool that can be utilized
to increase the success of the overall protection program planning
effort.
**PSI** has successfully applied this technique in overseas security
risk assessments for government and commercial industries, airport and
nuclear facility vulnerability assessments, security systems
requirements assessments, \"live\" adversary penetration-of-systems
performance tests, and in \"tabletop\" scenarios.
**PSI** specializes in providing integrated, multi-disciplinary security
services to Government and commercial clients. **PSI** has participated
in the development and validation of Continuity of Operations Plans
(COOP) for various government agencies. **PSI** is widely recognized for
comprehensive protection programs that integrate physical, technical,
information, operations, personnel, computer, and communications
security disciplines. In planning, implementing, or evaluating
protection programs, **PSI** uses threat and vulnerability modeling
methodologies, cost-benefit analysis, and other risk management tools to
optimize cost effectiveness. **PSI** has extensive experience in
developing threat models for physical and cyber terrorist threats,
terrorists using weapons of mass destruction, technical attacks, and
operations security (OPSEC) vulnerability assessments. **PSI** personnel
have developed, assisted in and assessed large scale, multi-agency
emergency management exercises. These exercises have included scenarios
involving weapons of mass destruction in forms ranging from improvised
explosive radiological devices to full scale nuclear attacks.
**PSI** also provides technical security services as a part of an
integrated information assurance program. This includes identification
and characterization of methods of compromising infrastructure system
components and identifying successful attacks. As part of this activity,
**PSI** is responsible for identifying vulnerabilities and attack
signatures.
**PSI\'s** proven expertise in all areas of security, safety and other
related fields provides clients a convenient, comprehensive approach to
addressing all their security services needs.
**[Specialized Experience]{.underline}**
**[Pre-Employment Screening - Background and Suitability
Checks]{.underline}**
**PSI** performs pre-employment screening, conducting background and
suitability checks to ensure that candidates for employment in Federal
buildings do not have connections to groups detrimental to the security
of the United States, or individual characteristics or backgrounds that
would pose a risk to the Federal Government or other employees. The
applicant's background is reviewed in accordance with applicable local,
state and Federal laws using numerous public, law enforcement and other
government databases. Reviews include verification of previous
employers; salary histories; criminal records checks; education
verification; reference checks; professional license verification;
residence verification; family and neighbor verification; and credit
history checks. All investigative activities are conducted in compliance
with the Fair Credit Report Act.
The results of investigations are compared to the standards contained in
Title 46 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Subchapter B, and/or OPM
guidance, and a recommendation is made to the Government as to whether
or not employment or access should be granted. If derogatory or
potentially disqualifying information is uncovered, that information is
completely investigated prior to making a recommendation to the
Government.
**[Vulnerability Assessments]{.underline}**
In response to the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001, the Center
for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) determined that there was an urgent
need for the chemical industry to review its infrastructure and identify
and mitigate potential vulnerabilities. **PSI** assisted the CCPS in
developing a uniform, effective, and common vulnerability assessment
methodology. **PSI** was selected because of our extensive background in
national level vulnerability assessment methodologies and risk
management programs dealing with terrorism, terrorist capabilities, and
weapons of mass destruction. As a result, the CCPS developed a new
guidelines book (co-authored by PSI staff), titled: Guidelines for
Managing and Analyzing the Security Vulnerabilities of Fixed Chemical
Sites. **\
\
PSI** personnel are certified to conduct Vulnerability and Risk
Assessments for designated critical infrastructure facilities.
**PSI\'s** security professionals are certified in the Community
Vulnerability Assessment Methodology (CVAMSM) developed by Sandia
National Laboratory. **PSI** staff uses CVAM as a systematic process to
assist communities in assessing threat, prioritizing targets,
identifying consequences, assessing completeness and effectiveness of
security systems, and to provide decision makers with the information
necessary to make informed decisions on effective use of resources to
address vulnerabilities and mitigate risks.
Key components of an assessment include:
- Identifying threats and critical facilities;
- Determining how facilities are vulnerable to identified threats;
- Developing methods to protect identified facility vulnerabilities;
- Providing mitigation strategies, security system designs, and
security enhancement planning.
- Sandia National Laboratory Certifications for Vulnerability and Risk
Assessments:
- Community Vulnerability Assessment Methodology (CVAMSM) Risk
Assessment Methodology - Water (RAM-W)
- Risk Assessment Methodology - Dams (RAM-D) Risk Assessment
Methodology - Transit (RAM-T)
In summary, our collective corporate experience coupled with our past
performance record, contract security knowledge, and our continuing
relationships and contacts within the security field, provide us with a
formidable history in the security services and law enforcement
industry.
**[Safeguards & Security and Emergency Planning]{.underline}**
- National Security Policy Analysis and Development
- Protection Program Planning and Management
- Vulnerability and Risk Assessment
- Physical Security Systems Design/Assessment
- Protection System Performance Testing
- Personnel Security Administration & Adjudication
- Threat Assessments, Operations Security, and Counterintelligence
- Nuclear Material Control and Accountability (MC&A)
- Property Protection, Control, Accountability
- Oversight Audits, Surveys, Inspections
- Exercise Planning, Conduct and Assessment
- Continuity of Operations (COOP)
- Continuity of Government
- Intelligence and Counterintelligence Support
**[Critical Infrastructure Protection & Information
Assurance]{.underline}**
- Threat Analysis
- Vulnerability Assessments
- Pathway Analysis & Remediation Plans
- Mission Essential Processes Definition
- Mitigation Strategies to Deter Successful Infrastructure Attacks
- Minimum Essential Infrastructure Assessment
- Response and Reconstruction Plans in the Event of a Successful
Infrastructure Attack
**[Protective Force Operations & Special Services Support]{.underline}**
- Protective Force Management
- Security Staffing and Development
- Security Force Planning and Training
- Alarm Station Monitoring
- Incident Reporting
- Credible Adversary Perspective Analysis
- Special Protection and Recovery Operations
- Business Process Analysis
- Industrial Security
- Facilities Security
- Counter Terrorism
- Special Operations
**[SINS/NAICS CODES]{.underline}**
21. \- HR General Support Services
**[CERTIFICATIONS]{.underline}**
**GSA** Federal Supply Schedule Contracts:
**M**anagement **O**riented **B**usiness **I**ntegrated **S**ervices
**(MOBIS)**
**Contract Number GS-10-F-0369M**
**Schedule 084** -- Total Solutions for Law Enforcement, Security,
Facility Management Systems, Fire, Rescue, Special Purpose Clothing,
Marine Craft and Emergency/Disaster Response. **Contract Number
GS-07F-9597S**
**Schedule 738X** -- Pre-Employment Screening, Background and
Suitability Checks for Federal Government Employment. **Contract Number
GS-02F-0067T**
**U.S. Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned**
(United States Marine
Corps){width="1.8659722222222221in"
height="2.3305555555555557in"}
**SBA** Certified **(Small Business)**
**Cage Code - 1JF37**
**[CLIENTS]{.underline}**
{width="1.25in" height="1.25in"}
**Department of Energy**
- **DOE Rocky Flats, CO**
- **DOE Oak Ridge,
TN**{width="1.2236111111111112in"
height="1.2236111111111112in"}
{width="1.375in"
height="1.304861111111111in"}**Department of Health and Human Services**
{width="1.25in" height="1.25in"}**Department of
Homeland Security**
{width="1.375in"
height="1.3652777777777778in"}**Department of State**
**Department of Transportation**
{width="1.3583333333333334in"
height="1.2777777777777777in"}
{width="1.25in" height="1.2125in"}**Environmental
Protection Agency**
**Food and Drug
Administration**{width="1.5256944444444445in"
height="0.7208333333333333in"}
**United States Coast Guard**
- **National Maritime Center**
- {width="1.113888888888889in"
height="1.375in"}**Security Center**
**Defense Logistics Agency**
**National Aeronautics and Space Administration**
{width="7.634722222222222in"
height="1.5479166666666666in"}
**[www.protectionsi.com]{.underline}**
| en |
all-txt-docs | 829599 | : ~ ~ ~3; : ~ 231
. ~ gang comm through. They ~ou1d come one road and go back another road. We didht care if they hid us. We hear the guns. We ddn~ wanter go down there. That was white mans war. In 1862 and 1863~.they slipped off every man and one woman to Helena. I was yOkint up oxe~i. Man come up in rebel clothes. He was a spy. I thought I was gone then but and a guard whut I didnt see till he left went on. I dodged round till one day I had to get off ~ to mill The Yankees run up on me and tok me on. I was fifteen years old. I was mustered in August and let out in 1864
*hen it was over. I. was in the Yankee army 14 months, They told me when I left I made a good soldier. I was with the standing army at Helena. They had a battle before I went in. I heard them say. You
could tell that from the roar and cannons. They had it when I was in Texas. I w~ntt in a battle. The Yankees begin to get slim then they made the darkies fill up ax~rd put the::~ in front. I heard em say they had one mighty big battle at Helena. I had to drill and guard the camps and guard at the picketa (roads into Helena) . They never let me go icoutin. I walked home from the army. I was glad to get out. I expeoted to get shot bout all the time. I amt seen but mighty little difference since freedoji. I went back and stayed 45 years on the Lambert place. I moved to Duncan. 1s~~1oster died foe the Civil War. Some men raised dogs-hounds. If something got wrong the~j go get the dogs and use em. If some of the slaves try to run off they hunt them with the dogs. It was a big loss when a hand run off they couldnt ford that thing. They whoop em mostly fer t . They trust ein in everything then they whoop em if they steal. They know it wrong. Course they did. The worse thing I ever seen in slavery was when we went to Texas we camped close to Camden. Camden,Arkansas L On the way down there we passed by a big house s orne kind. I seen mighty little of lt but a big yard was pailenod in. It ~was tall and fi xed so they couldnt get out. They opened the big gate and let us see. It was full of darkjes. AI]. sizes. All ages. That was a
| en |
markdown | 710388 | # Presentation: 710388
## Seasonal and Spatial Distribution of Lower Stratospheric Lamina as Observed by HIRDLS and Modeled by the Global Modeling Initiative Mark A. Olsen1, Jose M. Rodriguez2, Yasuko Yoshida1, Anne R. Douglass2, John C. Gille3, Valery A. Yudin3, Bruno Nardi3, and Doug Kinnison3 1GEST/NASA GSFC 2NASA GSFC 3NCAR Correspondence: Mark.Olsen@nasa.gov
**Introduction**
- Synoptic, global observations of laminar isentropic transport in the upper-troposphere/lower-stratosphere (UTLS) from the tropics to higher latitudes have been difficult due to the high vertical resolution needed to resolve the events. *Olsen et al.* [2008, GRL, in press] have shown that HIRDLS is capable of observing these events with 1 km vertical resolution and that a Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) simulation agrees well with the observations. A systematic algorithm to detect ozone lamina in along-track HIRDLS observations of the UTLS is presented here. The algorithm is applied to the observations and a GMI simulation for year 2006 in the NH. The global seasonal and spatial characteristics of these intrusions are examined. In addition, comparisons of the observational and simulated results bring out the successes and limitations of the model in representing this isentropic transport between the tropics and extratropics.
**Summary and Conclusions**
- The lamina identification algorithm is capable of discerning isentropic lamina in both observations and simulations.
- The observations show a strong seasonal dependence of lamina frequency, thickness, and potential temperature altitude between 340 K - 480 K.
- Observed lamina exhibit a longitudinal preference in winter and spring.
- Simulation agrees well with observations in winter/spring, but large discrepancies in summer/fall.
- Continuing work: Investigate relationship to meteorology and dynamics; compare with evaluation of nitric acid lamina; evaluate and compare lamina in Goddard Chemistry Climate Model simulations.
**Data and Model**
- _HIRDLS:_
- v004; only ascending orbits in NH
- All recommended filters (from Data Guide)
- Vertical profiles; ~ 1 km vertical resolution
- ~65 km along-track resolution
- ~ 14 orbits/day
- Sample Along-Track Curtains
- Average Number of Lamina in 2° Mean Profiles Per Day
- _Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) Combo:_
- Stratospheric and tropospheric chemistry
- GEOS-4 DAS (time-averaged)
- ~ 1 km vertical resolution in the UTLS
- 2° x 2.5° horizontal resolution
- Mean Layer Thickness
**Algorithm**
- For each profile between 34° - 70° N, interpolate HIRDLS ozone above 260 hPa altitude to potential temperatures from 340 K to 480 K in 5 K increments.
- Determine average profiles for all profiles within 2° latitude bands along each orbit.
- **Lamina bottom:** potential temperature where ozone begins to decrease with height.
- **Lamina top: **potential temperature where ozone ≥ ozone at lamina bottom.
- Additional criteria:
- Difference of the ozone at lamina bottom and the minimum ozone in layer must be greater than the sum of the precisions at the bottom and minimum.
- The potential temperature difference between the layer top and bottom (thickness) ≤ 60 K. (~2-2.5 km)
- Feature must be coherent across three adjacent mean profiles (6° latitude).
- Lamina similarly identified in GMI simulation.
- Simulated ozone interpolated to HIRDLS measurement locations.
- HIRDLS precision field used with simulated ozone.
- Potential Temperature
- Ozone Mixing Ratio
- Layer top, t
- Layer bottom, b
**Mean along-track profile in 2° latitude band**
- Xb_x0008_±∂Xb
- Xm_x0008_±∂Xm
- t - b ≤ 60 K
- Xb - Xm ≥ ∂Xb + ∂Xm
- Similar features identified in both observations and simulation.
- Identification even where features differ in magnitude and overall shape.
- High latitude cases are found. Origin?
- HIRDLS
- GMI
- In general, observations show more profiles with lamina.
- Strong seasonal cycle in both, peaking in March-April.
- Seasonal cycle in phase with frequency.
- GMI more variable in latter half of year.
- Mean Layer Magnitude (O3max -O3min) / O3max * 100%
- No significant seasonal dependence.
- Less agreement between observations and simulation in fall.
- Mean Potential Temperature of Layer
- Strong seasonal cycle in observations; not reproduced in simulation with large differences in summer and fall.
- Spatial Distribution
- HIRDLS
- GMI
- HIRDLS
- GMI
- HIRDLS
- GMI
- HIRDLS
- GMI
**Jan**
**Apr**
**Jun**
**Sep**
- Strong spatial dependence in winter/spring not evident in summer/fall.
- Simulation not in good agreement with observations in summer and fall. | en |
converted_docs | 460282 | 4566.1 REV-1
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
CHAPTER 8. THE VALUATION PROCESS
8-1. INTRODUCTION. Valuation Analysis is made for the purpose of
evaluating the property as security for a long term coinsured
mortgage. Included in the evaluation is the analysis of
market need, location, earning capacity, expenses and taxes
and warranted costs of property. Valuation Analysis develops
conclusions with respect to feasibility, suitability of
improvements, quality and duration of earning capacity and other
factors that have a bearing on the economic soundness of the
property.
8-2. PURPOSE. The principal purpose of the appraisal is to estimate
the market value of the project. Market value is defined as
the most probable price for which a property could be sold, if
offered for sale for a reasonable time on the open market,
assuming that both the buyer and the seller were well informed,
acted intelligently and without compulsion. To estimate the
market value, it is necessary to use value limits indicated by
the project replacement cost, by capitalization and by direct
sales comparison.
8-3. INSPECTION. The appraiser may participate in the inspection of
the property with the architect and possibly a representative
of the local building inspector\'s office to identify any code
violations or may arrange a separate inspection, if desired.
If it would be more expeditious for the architect to make the
physical inspection separately it may be so scheduled. Upon
completion of the work write-up the results are transmitted to
the appraiser who may visit the site and begin processing. It
is not necessary for the appraiser to inspect all the units.
The appraiser observes and may discuss with the architect and/or
inspector the eligibility of the property and need for required
repairs while at the same time supporting or disproving occupancy
and rental data information shown in the owner\'s rent roll by
observations on the spot. When it is established to the
satisfaction of the appraiser that the rent roll appears to be
correct, an entry will be made in Remarks on Form HUD-92264 to
that effect, for example, \"Actual occupancy, based on owners
rent roll and a physical inspection of a representative number
of units as of 4/2/83, is 87%.\" The appraiser must also determine
whether apartments are rented furnished or unfurnished. The
appraiser may assist in selecting equipment and short-lived
building components to be considered in developing the initial
deposit to the reserve fund for replacements.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
8-1 1/84
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4566.1 REV-1
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
8-4. APPLICATION STAGES. At the option of the lender, the processing
may be divided into two stages, the conditional commitment stage,
and the firm commitment stage. When two stages are used, the
appraiser\'s work is completed in the conditional commitment stage,
unless a change in the local requirements or in the list of
proposed repairs and replacements would require confirmation or
reconsideration of conclusions previously reached. These stages
are explained in more detail in Chapter 4 of this Handbook.
a\. Conditional Commitment Stage. The primary purpose of this
processing stage is to determine the appraised value and
maximum mortgage amount available to an acceptable purchaser.
The actual purchaser may not have been identified at this
point in time.
b\. Firm Commitment Stage. At firm commitment stage, mortgage
credit processing determines the amount of mortgage available
to the specific purchaser or refinancing mortgagor in the
proposed transaction. Usually, no valuation processing is
needed at firm commitment stage.
c\. Combined Stages. When a purchasing or a refinancing
mortgagor wishes to combine the processing stages, he must
supply all the exhibits needed for both processing stages,
with the application for Firm Commitment, and the appropriate
combined fee. All processing required for both the Conditional
and Firm Commitment Stages will be performed for the purpose
of issuing a Firm Commitment.
8-5. PROCESSING FOR CONDITIONAL COMMITMENT. In order that a conditional
commitment application be processed, the following exhibits
shall be reviewed by the appraiser:
a\. A copy of the completed application form.
b\. Balance Sheets and Operating Statements. The most recent
year\'s statement certified by an Independent Public Accountant
or Certified Public Accountant.
c\. Rent Roll of Subject Property, in columnar form, as described
in Chapter 4 of this Handbook. (See Appendix 4.)
d\. Legal Description of the project property.
e\. Repair List. A list of repairs (if any) (see paragraph 4-3e)
which are proposed to be completed and which are to be
included in the value.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
1/84 8-2
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4566.1 REV-1
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(8-5) f. Plans and Specifications. Applications involving projects
less than 10 years old shall be accompanied by project
plans and specifications (complete to the extent possible).
For projects 10 years old or more, plans are not required
but should be submitted, if available.
8-6. BASIC FORM. The basic form to be used in the coinsurance
appraisal process is Form HUD-92264. These forms may be
requisitioned from the local HUD office. This form provides
for the development and recording of Capitalized Value, Total
Estimated Replacement Cost, Comparison Approach to Value and
final opinion of Fair Market Value of a multifamily housing
project. These estimates, and others, are necessary in making
a determination as to the economic soundness of a project. It
is important that all information required on the form be
completed. This form will eventually be utilized by HUD for
program data purposes.
a\. General information. Form HUD-92264 is designed to permit
processing in an orderly sequence. Completion of the form
requires a study and analysis of information obtained from
many sources including the following:
\(1\) Form HUD-92013, Application for Mortgage Insurance.
\(2\) Owners and operators of rental income properties,
management companies, mortgage lending institutions
and real estate appraisers specializing in this field.
\(3\) Housing Market Analysis Reports/Publications.
b\. Required exhibits. Exhibits to be attached to Form HUD-92264
include expense comparable analysis, rent comparable analysis,
replacement cost formula, comparable project sales data,
rent formula for existing housing (see Appendix 9), market
absorption data and land sales data.
8-7. INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING FORM HUD-92264.
a\. Section A. Location and Description of Property.
\(1\) Project name is as shown on the mortgagor\'s application.
\(2\) Items 1-15. The information required for completion
of these items will be available from the application
and exhibits, confirmed by inspection and modified as
needed. Items 4a, Census Tract Number, and 4b, Placement
Code, are to be left blank.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
8-3 1/84
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4566.1 REV-1
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
(8-7) (3) Item 16. Enter year built.
\(4\) Item 16a. Indicate type of construction by checking
appropriate box.
\(5\) Item 17. Structural System is described as follows:
Steel frame, wood frame, solid masonry,
reinforced concrete, etc.
\(6\) Item 17a. Floor System (structural) steel frame,
reinforced concrete, etc. (This does not refer to
finished floors.)
\(7\) Item 17b. Exterior Finish is described as follows:
Brick, masonry, stucco and siding, prefab
panels, etc.
\(8\) Item 18. Heating/Air Conditioning System will be
described by use of appropriate symbols. Those symbols
preceding the diagonal mark will describe the type of
project heating system, if any, while those after will
indicate the type of project air conditioning system,
if any. The symbols, to be used as appropriate, apply
to both the heating and air conditioning systems and
are as follows:
I for Individual; C for Central; N for None;
E for Electric; G for Gas; and O for Oil.
For example, a project with individual gas furnaces
and individual electric air conditioners would be
entered as follows: IG/IE.
b\. Section
\(1\) Items 19-25. The information required for completion
of Section B will be taken from the sponsor\'s
application, Form HUD-92013, verified as necessary.
\(2\) Item 26 is not applicable since under Section 223(f)
coinsurance the site is already fully improved.
c\. Section C. Estimate of Income.
\(1\) Items 27-28. The estimated unit rental rates per
month will be based upon and supported by current
market rents for similar units in comparable projects
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1/84 8-4
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4566.1 REV-1
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(8-7) furnishing comparable services in competing areas.
both trended to the projected endorsement date for the
subject. In estimating the rates for a specific
property, rental data on subsidized projects must not
be used as comparables. Appropriate adjustments will
be made on a rent comparable analysis sheet (Form HUD
92273 or equivalent format), to reflect measurable
differences between the subject units and the comparable
units and any variations in the general level of rents
expected to occur by the time the project reaches
endorsement. For projects subject to local rent control,
the rental estimates cannot exceed that permitted
by local rent control.
NOTE: OPERATING ANALYSIS. In making estimates of rental rates,
occupancy rates, operating expense, and net income,
based on data from comparable projects, the appraiser
also analyzes the operating history of the subject
project. This very pertinent source of information
must not be overlooked in cases of existing construction.
Estimates of future performances need not be identical
to the history of past performance, but the differences
should be reasonable and probable and explained by
brief logical comment in remarks. For example, analysis
of trend might indicate that rents and/or expenses
could be expected to be higher (or lower) in the next
year, than was the case in the last operating history
year. For another example, the market value sought
is the estimated market value of the property after
completion of required repairs. If the effect of the
repairs would be to increase rents, or to increase
occupancy rates, or to decrease (or increase) total
operating expense, the estimate of net income and of
value by capitalization would reflect conditions after
completion of repairs required by the commitment.
\(2\) Section C27 \"Number of Each Family Type Unit,\"
\"Rentable Living Area (Sq. Ft.),\" \"Composition of
Units,\" \"Unit Rent Per Month,\" and \"Total Monthly Rent
For Unit Type\" must be completed as appropriate in
order to properly describe the subject project/unit
characteristics.
\(3\) \"Living Area\" is the area of a living unit measured
from the inside faces of corridor and exterior walls
and from the inside faces of partitions separating the
living unit from other living or commercial areas.
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8-5 1/84
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4566.1 REV-1
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(8-7) (4) \"Composition of Units\" can be filled in by using
abbreviations for the various rooms (e.g., \"L\" for
Living Room, \"D\" for Dining Room, \"K\" for Kitchen,
\"BR\" for Bedroom (Precede with 0, 1, 2, etc., as
appropriate) and \"B\" for Bath (Precede with 1, 1-1/2,
2, etc., as appropriate), \"BALC\" for Balcony.
\(5\) Elevator units will be compared with elevator unit
comparables and non-elevator units will be compared
with non-elevator comparables. When both elevator
and non-elevator units are included in a project, a
separate identification and listing of the elevator
and non-elevator units will be made.
\(6\) Item 29, Parking. Enter the number of parking spaces,
whether attended or self-park, and the number of open
and covered parking spaces. Enter the monthly charge
per space. Where the parking charge is included in
the basic rental charge, enter N/A in the space
provided. Supporting documentation for the monthly
charge for parking must be attached to the appraisal
report.
\(7\) Item 30, Commercial. The rental income from commercial
space will be estimated on the basis of existing leases
and supported by market data.
\(8\) Additional income anticipated from submetering utilities,
valet service, non-laundry coin-operated equipment,
cigar stands, vending machines, pay telephones, apartment
furniture, etc., must not be included in project income
estimates. Income anticipated from the rental of
space for concession facilities or the rental value
of such space may be included on the same basis as
income from commercial areas.
Documentation supporting commercial income estimates
must be attached to the Form HUD-92264.
\(9\) Items 33, 34 and 35. Enter gross floor and net rentable
areas of the sponsor\'s proposal. These figures will
be based upon the sponsor\'s plans or other appropriate
sources. The definitions for the various areas are:
\(a\) Net Rentable Residential Area is the sum of all
rentable Living Areas within the exterior walls.
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1/84 8-6
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4566.1 REV-1
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(8-7) (b) Net Rentable Commercial Area is the sum of all
commercial areas within the exterior walls,
measured from the interior faces of exterior walls,
corridor walls and partitions separating the area
from other commercial and/or living areas.
\(c\) Net Rentable Area is the sum of the Net Rentable
Residential Area and the Net Rentable Commercial
Area.
\(d\) Gross Floor Area is the sum of all floor areas of
headroom height within the exterior walls, measured
to the exterior faces of the walls or to the center
line of walls separating attached buildings.
Note: Built-in garages, commercial area, basement
and all other areas within the exterior walls are
to be included. Items excluded from the gross
floor area are recessed, extended or continuous
balconies, attached or detached carports, accessory
buildings, patios, porches or terraces and all other
areas outside the exterior walls.
\(10\) Item 36. If non-revenue producing apartment units are
provided to project employees, indicate the
classification of employees who will occupy the unit and
other information in the space provided. In such instance
no income will be attributed to non-revenue producing
units in Item 27; however, the unit will be listed
separately in the column \"No. of each family type
unit.\" The loss of this income will not be considered
as an item of expense in Section E. The appraiser
will, however, review the entry in Section A, Item
11, for accuracy.
d\. Section D. Equipment and Services Included in Rent and
Special Assessments.
\(1\) Items 37-38. Check the appropriate items to indicate
the equipment and services included in the rent. The
sponsor\'s application will be compared with data to
determine competitive effect on rents and marketability.
Any deletion of equipment and services typically
expected in the market place may affect the rental
rate. Any variations will be reflected in the
appraiser\'s estimate, if appropriate, and brought to
the attention of the lender.
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8-7 1/84
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4566.1 REV-1
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(8-7) (2) The services to be reported in Item 38 are checked by
type of fuel (gas or electricity) and then by the
service included. For example, if gas heat is included
in the rent, the item \"Heat\" is checked under the
heading, \"Gas.\"
\(3\) Item 39. Enter the balance of special assessments, if
any, the annual payment amount and the remaining term
of the special assessment. Check whether prepayable
or non-prepayable.
e\. Section E. Estimate of Annual Expense.
\(1\) Items 1-29. The estimating of project expenses will
be based upon actual operating experience of the subject
and supported by that of comparable projects.
An expense comparable analysis worksheet will be used
in the development of individual expense estimates
and only the totals estimated for Lines 21, 22, 28
and 29, trended to reflect operation of the project
at the time of endorsement, will be entered in Section
E of the Form HUD-92264. Actual operating expense
data from other projects will be carefully analyzed
and compared with the case under appraisal in order
to provide a basis for determining the reasonableness
of the estimate developed for the subject project.
In any case, data should be utilized prudently, keeping
in mind the similarities and differences between the
comparables and the subject property. Inaccuracies
or improperly supported estimates have a leverage
effect in the estimate of value many times their own
magnitude.
\(2\) The process that develops the final estimate of operating
expense is briefly stated as follows:
\(a\) All estimates must be based upon adequate data.
\(b\) Data concerning the comparable projects must be
sufficiently complete to factually support any
adjustments made to the expenses from a comparable
project because of differences in size, facilities
or services between the comparable and the subject
project.
\(c\) Adjustments are reflected on an expense comparable
analysis worksheet for noted differences between
the subject project and the comparables involved.
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1/84 8-8
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4566.1 REV-1
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(8-7) In this way the dollar amount representing actual
experience of the comparable property can be
increased or decreased to more nearly reflect the
anticipated experience of the subject project.
\(d\) Adequate file documentation must demonstrate the
reasonableness of the final total expense estimate.
\(e\) Before entering the estimate of total expenses in
Line E-29, the appraiser should review the analysis
for completeness and the conclusion for plausibility.
In addition to considerations mentioned above, the
final estimate must reflect other considerations,
some of which are:
1 An expense comparable analysis worksheet (HUD
Form HUD-92274, or equivalent format) will be
used in the development of individual expense
estimates and only the totals estimated for
Lines 21, 22, 23, 28 and 29, will be entered
in Section E of Form HUD 92264.
2 The effect of any commercial space upon the
total expense estimate must also be considered.
Where there are commercial facilities that do
not exist in the typical comparable, a separate
estimate should be developed for inclusion in
the total expense estimate. This should not
be the case for such normal operations as
laundry space which, because of the residential
nature, are reflected in most per unit expense
data. Documentation supporting the commercial
expense estimates must be attached.
3 The final correlation of the several indicated
total expense estimates should give greatest
weight to the more reliable comparables while
tempering estimates developed from individual
projects that have unusual expense components
that are difficult to refine.
\(3\) Item 21. Replacement Reserve. See paragraph 8-7r(5) of
this Chapter.
\(4\) Item 29. Total Expenses. The total dollar expense
estimated for the project will be compared with the
sponsor\'s estimate. If it is found that the sponsor\'s
total dollar expense estimate for the project could
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8-9 1/84
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4566.1 REV-1
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(8-7) be reasonably accepted based upon the appraiser\'s data
analysis, the sponsor\'s dollar expense may be accepted
for processing. If not, the appraiser\'s estimates
should be used. Any subsequent revision of the facilities
or services to be provided will require reanalysis.
\(5\) The only mandatory entries in Section E are lines 21,
22, 23, 28 and 29.
f\. Section F. Income Computations.
\(1\) Item 30. Enter amount from Page 1, Section C, line 32.
\(2\) Item 31. Occupancy Percentage and Rent Loss. It is
generally recognized that long term occupancy and rent
collection ratios will seldom exceed 93 percent for
rental income properties. However, where a higher
ratio can be documented, a ratio of 95 percent may be
used. Therefore, the occupancy percentage used should
not exceed 93 percent and will not in any event exceed
95 percent in processing. Any lower occupancy percentage
anticipated during the rent-up period will be reflected
in an Operating Deficit requirement calculated by the
mortgage credit examiner based on the appraiser\'s
estimate of when sustaining occupancy will be reached.
g\. Section G. Estimated Replacement Cost.
\(1\) Items 36a through 52. The sole purpose of a replacement
cost estimate is to arrive at a summation value.
\(a\) Considerations. The cost estimate shall reflect
the general level of costs necessary to build a
similar project in new condition. A copy of the
estimate developed by the appraiser, including
the source of cost data must accompany this
submittal. The appraiser may utilize a cost
service index such as Marshall Swift or E. H.
Boeck in establishing such costs. Appraisers
with MAI or SREA designations who have demonstrated
experience in cost analysis may develop their own
cost estimates supported by comparable square foot
data.
\(b\) Inclusions. The estimate includes the costs for
the dwelling units, garages, stores and other
structures which are included as improvements to
the property. In addition, it will include the
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1/84 8-10
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4566.1 REV-1
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(8-7) costs for the on-site utilities and landscape work
required to construct such a project. The estimate
of costs for on-site utilities will include
extensions of pavements, walks, curbs and utility
lines beyond the project boundaries where necessary
to connect with facilities adjacent to the project
site. No attempt should be made in processing to
adjust for structural or material specifications
which are no longer typically used in the current
building industry.
1 All elements of cost will include but are not
limited to:
a Material and equipment.
b Fabrication and installation labor.
c Subcontracts.
d Sales tax.
e Workmens\' Compensation, Unemployment and
Public Liability Insurance.
f Social Security Tax.
2 Allowances for General Requirements, General
Contractor\'s Fee (Overhead and Profit), Architect\'s
Design Fee, Architect\'s Supervision Fee, Other
Fees and General Contractor\'s Bond Premium
will represent the current prevailing levels,
taking into consideration the project type,
size, complexity, structural system improvement
cost and any other local condition which may
influence these allowances.
\(2\) Item 36a - Unusual Land Improvements: Not Applicable.
\(3\) Item 36b - Other Land Improvements:
\(a\) Earthwork (i.e., excavation, cuts and fills).
\(b\) Site utilities (i.e., sanitary sewer, water,
storm drains, gas lines, electrical requirements,
etc.).
\(c\) Roads and walks (i.e., roads, walks, parking
areas, curbs and gutters, etc.).
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8-11 1/84
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4566.1 REV-1
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(8-7) (d) Site improvements (i.e., fences, playground
equipment, trash receptacles, lawn sprinklers,
swimming pools, wading pools, etc.).
\(e\) Lawns, planting (i.e., trees, shrubs, seeding,
sodding, etc.).
\(4\) Item 36c - Total Land Improvements: Total cost of all
items in 36b, Other Land Improvements.
\(5\) Item 37 - Main Buildings: Buildings which encompass
the actual living units of the project.
\(6\) Item 38 - Accessory Buildings: Adjoining buildings
such as utility buildings, carports, etc.
\(7\) Item 39 - Garage: Self-explanatory.
\(8\) Item 40 - All Other Buildings: Commercial buildings
such as stores, banks, barber and beauty shops, etc.
\(9\) Item 41 - Total Structures: Sum of Line Items 37
through 40.
h\. Fees. The total dollar amounts for each of the fees listed
below (Lines 42 through 48) may be determined by using a
percentage developed from field source information, i.e.,
Local Home Builders Associations, Association of General
Contractors, personal contact with various trade sources,
recognized valuation service publications, etc. The total
dollar amounts for each of the fees may be developed by means
other than using percentages if local practices so dictate.
\(1\) Item 42 - General Requirements: (job overhead)
The cost for General Requirements will include the
costs for those items normally incurred in the
construction of a project of the same type as the subject.
It will not include general overhead expense of
operating the contractor\'s home office. Items of
cost to be considered in determining General
Requirements allowance include, but are not limited
to, items such as:
\(a\) Supervision.
\(b\) Field engineering to provide grades and lines for
locating buildings, streets and walks on the site.
\(c\) Field office and equipment, phones, clerical help,
office supplies.
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1/84 8-12
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4566.1 REV-1
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(8-7) (d) Temporary sheds and toilets.
\(e\) Temporary heat, water, light and power for
construction.
\(f\) Cleaning and rubbish removal.
\(g\) Building permits.
\(h\) Medical and first aid facilities.
\(i\) Temporary protection and fences.
This is typically expressed as a percentage factor
which is applied to the subtotal of Land Improvements,
Line 36c, and Structures, Line 41. However, a total
dollar amount may be entered if the source guide so
dictates.
\(2\) Item 43 - Builder\'s General Overhead: The cost for
Builder\'s General Overhead will be expressed as a
percentage which is the portion of general overhead
expenses necessary to conduct his/her business which
would directly concern the specific project under
consideration. This percentage is applied to the
subtotal of Land Improvements, Line 36c, Structures,
Line 41, and General Requirements, Line 42.
\(3\) Item 44 - Builder\'s Profit: The cost of Builder\'s
Profit will be expressed as a percentage typically
allowed on a comparable structure in that geographical
area both in size and cost as adjusted. This percentage
is applied to the subtotal of Land Improvements,
Line 36c, Structures, Line 41, and General Requirements,
Line 42.
\(4\) Items 45 and 46 - Architect\'s Fees: Design and
Supervision. The allowance shall represent the typical
fees paid for projects of similar design and services
rendered.
\(5\) Item 47 - Bond Premium: Appropriate information should
be obtained from local bonding and surety companies.
The amount of the premium will be computed by applying
the rates to the subtotal of Land Improvements,
Line 36c, Structures, Line 41, General Requirements,
Line 42, Builder\'s General Overhead, Line 43, and
Builder\'s Profit, Line 44.
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8-13 1/84
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4566.1 REV-1
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(8-7) (6) Item 48 - Other Fees: This is a lump sum allowance
which would pertain to the construction of this
specific project. Allowances may include but are not
limited to site and topographic surveys, test borings,
subsurface explorations, soil testings and utility tap
fees (other than those included in subcontracts).
\(7\) Item 49 - Total Fees: Self-explanatory.
\(8\) Item 50 - Total of All Improvements: Self-explanatory.
\(9\) Item 51 - Cost Per Gross Sq. Ft.: This is computed by
dividing Line 50, Total of All Improvements, by Line 33,
Gross Floor Area.
\(10\) Item 52 - Estimated Construction Time: This estimate
should represent the typical length of construction
time needed to build a project of the same size and
structure type as the subject project.
i\. Carrying Charges and Financing.
\(1\) Item 53. Interest is the amount which would be
estimated to accrue during the estimated period of
construction at the rate requested in Section G of
Form HUD-92013 but not to exceed the maximum interest
rate permissible under the HUD regulations. It is
computed on one-half of the loan amount for proposed
construction. For example, the interest based on a
\$2,600,000 mortgage, for an 18 month construction
period, and an 11.0 percent interest rate would be
calculated as follows:
One Half the Mortgage \$1,300,000
Interest Rate .110
\$ 143,000
18 month construction period
18 / 12 = 1.5 years 1.5
Interest during construction \$ 214,500
\(2\) Item 54. Taxes which would accrue during the construction
period are shown on a pro rata basis for the estimated
period of construction. Special assessments, if any,
will be estimated on a similar basis and included in
the tax amount.
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1/84 8-14
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4566.1 REV-1
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(8-7) (3) Item 55. Insurance includes fire, windstorm, extended
coverage, liability and other risks customarily insured
against in the community during construction. It does
not include workmen\'s compensation and public liability
insurance which are included in the cost estimate.
\(4\) Item 56. Mortgage insurance premium is the amount
estimated to be earned during the presumed construction
period. The amount is 0.5 percent of the permanent
loan amount per year. An additional 0.5 percent is
charged for any additional fractional period in excess
of each whole year.
\(5\) Item 57. FHA examination fee is 0.3 percent of the
presumed loan amount associated with constructing such
a project.
\(6\) Item 58. FHA inspection fee is 0.5 percent of the
presumed loan amount.
\(7\) Item 59. The financing fee is 2 percent of the loan
amount. This is an initial service charge and is not
to be confused with discounts. The maximum charge for
this fee is 2 percent and is limited by HUD regulations.
\(8\) Item 61. FNMA/GNMA Fee. The FNMA/GNMA Fee for
commitment and marketing (or equivalent placement fee)
is entered for all mortgagors. This fee is assumed to
be 1-1/2 percent of the mortgage amount.
\(9\) Item 62. Title and Recording. This expense is the
cost typically incurred in connection with a mortgage
transaction and generally includes such items as
recording fees, mortgage and stamp taxes, cost of
survey and title insurance including all title work
normally involved from initial through final endorsement.
\(10\) Item 64. Legal Expense. Legal expenses are those
expenses typically incurred by a sponsor for legal
services necessary in the creation of projects similar
to the subject in the competitive locality in which
the project is located. Legal expenses are separate
from organization expenses and must be estimated and
listed separately.
Since different types of proposals and/or sponsorships
will require varying legal services, this estimate must
be based on market data.
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8-15 1/84
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4566.1 REV-1
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(8-7) Legal expenses include the fees usually required for:
\(a\) the employment of counsel for legal services in
connection with organizing a mortgagor entity;
\(b\) all legal services normally incurred in connection
with initial and final closing; and
\(c\) legal services for normal interim activities in
the creation of a project.
\(d\) For example, legal services in connection with
organizing the mortgagor entity ((a) above)
qualify only to the extent that the entity formed
is typically needed for the creation of the subject
project. The cost to create ornate corporate
structures, useful to the sponsor for personal
reasons over and above the creation of the project
(e.g., personal tax shelters, trusts, etc.), is
not allowable. Legal services for initial and
final closing ((b) above) include the analysis
of the closing requirements and preparation and
review of the required documents, supervision of
their execution and appropriate distribution.
\(e\) Filing fees and title expense are not part of
these fees since they are allowed in Title and
Recording expense. Legal expense may include
normal legal services typically required in the
acquisition of land, but negotiation for acquisition
or zoning, examination of title on purchase or
defense of title after purchase, are not recognizable
in legal expense on Line 64 since they are
attributable to the cost of the land to the owner.
\(12\) Item 65. Organization Expense. Organization expense
must be estimated and listed separately and, as with
legal expense, must be based on market data. The
estimate must properly reflect the kind and size of
project and type of sponsorship involved in the subject
project.
\(a\) Organization Expense is the cost of the services
typically required to initiate a project, organize
its planning, financing and construction, and
control and management of the construction of the
project through final endorsement. Services and
costs included under Organization Expenses are
those customary to the organization and construction
of projects of similar size and complexity in the
locality of the subject project.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
1/84 8-16
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4566.1 REV-1
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(8-7) (b) More specifically, organization expense will
reflect the time and effort expended for the
administrative aspects involved in the creation
of a project. For example, the following, although
not a complete listing of items that qualify for
organization expense, will serve as a useful
guide to identify the type of actions and efforts
that qualify for legitimate consideration under
this item:
1 Collecting and assembling data and documentation
for requests for FHA mortgage insurance
for all stages of processing, including analysis
of market need, selection and optioning of
site and project design considerations.
2 Assembling of the necessary data and documentation
for mortgage closings from various parties
involved in a project; arranging for execution
of documents; and attending to closings.
Particular care must be exercised here by the
appraiser to insure that only the administrative
aspects are reflected so that there will be
no duplication of allowances under Item 64,
Legal Expenses.
3 Controlling and accounting for disbursement
of mortgage proceeds and working capital.
4 Placing mortgagor\'s hazard and liability
insurance; coordinating building release for
occupancy.
5 Paying for and assisting auditor to obtain
necessary information for FHA cost certification.
6 Continued contact and dealing with HUD through
to final endorsement as normally indicated
for typical projects.
\(13\) Item 66. Cost Certification Audit Fee. This is a cost
typically incurred by in hiring a CPA to audit the
books of account and issue an opinion for mortgagors
involved in the development of multifamily projects.
\(14\) Items 68 through 71 are inapplicable in computing
replacement costs for 223(f) projects.
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8-17 1/84
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4566.1 REV-1
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(8-7) (15) Item 72. Total Estimated Development Cost is the sum
of Lines 50, 63, 67, 68, 69, 70 and 71.
\(16\) Item 73. Land (Warranted Price of Land), enter the
amount from Page 3, Section J, Line 9.
\(17\) Item 74. Total Estimated Replacement Cost of Project
is the sum of Lines 72 and 73.
\(18\) Section G will be completed using the replacement cost
formula mortgage assuming a 90 percent mortgage.
Completion of this section is facilitated by use of
the Replacement Cost Formula Format. (See Appendix 10
for format and instructions for its use.)
j\. Section H. Maximum Permissible Rental Analysis
\(1\) Item 1. Rent Formula Residential Total Per Month.
Administratively, HUD imposes a limit upon the return
a sponsor can expect from the residential portion of
a HUD-insured project. This is accomplished by use
of a \"Formula\" to establish the maximum residential
gross income that may be collected to permit this
limited return. This calculation is made on every
rental case processed and the amount of the indicated
monthly maximum gross rent is entered on this line.
(See Appendix 9 for format to be used in arriving at
this amount).
\(2\) Items 2 and 7 are not applicable to Section 223(f)
processing.
k\. Section I. Estimate of Operating Deficit
\(1\) The appraiser will not fill in this section; however,
for the purpose of assisting the Mortgage Credit
processor in estimating the amount of the operating
deficit escrow, the appraiser will enter in Remarks,
Section O, of the Form HUD-92264 an estimate of the
time required for the subject project to reach
sustaining occupancy based on an analysis of market
absorption data.
l\. Section J. Project Site Analysis and Appraisal
\(1\) Item 1. Is Location and Neighborhood Acceptable.
Analyze the location of the site relative to the needs
of the tenants for transportation, schools, shopping,
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1/84 8-18
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4566.1 REV-1
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(8-7) community centers and churches. Determine if any
special hazards or nuisances, such as flooding, exposure
to aircraft, railroad or highway noise levels, noxious
odors, chemical fumes or other similar conditions,
affect the subject site. The existence of any of
these conditions and their effect on the site should
be carefully considered before determining acceptability.
If a separate environmental study has been completed,
the appraiser may obtain a copy from the lender to
assist in this area. Examine existing and proposed
land uses in the neighborhood to determine whether
they are compatible with the subject development.
\(2\) Item 2. Is Site Adequate in Size for Proposed Project.
Determine if the site is adequate in size, shape,
exposure and contour for the continued marketability
of the proposal. Compare the density of the proposed
project with that of similar successful projects
operating in the same market area. Sites which are
too large or too small will tend to cause difficulties
for a project over the long run.
\(3\) Item 3. Is Site Zoning Permissive for Intended Use.
Determine if the present structure(s) and the number
of units are in compliance with current zoning.
\(4\) Item 4. Are Utilities Available Now to Service the
Site. Determine whether the water, sewer, gas and
electrical facilities are adequate to handle the needs
of the project.
\(5\) Item 5. Is there a Market at this location for the
Units at the Market Rents by Comparison shown in
Section C. Analyze all available data concerning
market conditions for the area in which the project
is located and determine if demand potential exists
for the type and number of units at the rents indicated
by the Market Rent Comparison. Examine Economic and
Market Analysis reports, data from building departments
on new construction absorption and vacancy reports
and rental schedules in the subject area when performing
this analysis.
NOTE: If a negative answer is indicated for an item
from J1 through J5, explain under Remarks.
\(6\) Item 6. Site Acceptable for Type of Project Proposed
Under Section \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Not applicable.
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8-19 1/84
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4566.1 REV-1
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(8-7) (7) Item 7. Site not Acceptable for Reasons Stated Below.
Self-explanatory.
\(8\) Item 8. \"Value Fully Improved.\" Enter in the top row
of Item 8 the location of project. The Land Use
Intensity Number \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is left blank. Use the rest
of Item 8 to estimate the market value of the site in
a fully improved condition by the market comparison
approach. Copies of the land sales data cards/sheets
of the comparables used in processing are to be attached
to the Form HUD-92264. The Value Fully Improved estimated
for the subject site must be the value for the intended
use for which the mortgage is to be insured (i.e., its
value when used for walkup apartments, if that is the
use intended; or for elevator apartment structures,
if that is the use intended). In the event that a
higher and better use for the land is found in the
market, the land value shall not be estimated for such
higher and better use, but rather for the same use for
which the buildings are being valued. For mortgage
insurance purposes, it is clearly not desirable to have
the land valued for one use, while the improvements
are valued for another use.
\(9\) In Item 8, under the heading, \"Adjustments,\" are found
the more significant forces which influence land value,
i.e., time, location, etc. Consider each of them when
estimating value, whether sales price per foot or sales
price per unit is used as the basis for comparison.
Adjustments are made from the comparison property to
the subject.
\(a\) Apply the \"Total Adjustment\" found for each
comparable to the comparable\'s sale price per
square foot or per unit to find the \"Adjusted
Price\" for the comparable.
\(b\) Multiply the area of the subject site by the
comparable\'s adjusted square foot price or number
of subject\'s units times the comparable\'s adjusted
unit price to find an \"Indicated Value by Comparison\"
for the subject.
\(c\) Follow this procedure for each comparable to
arrive at a range of values from which the value
of the site fully improved is estimated by
correlation and entered in item 9, Value of Site
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1/84 8-20
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4566.1 REV-1
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(8-7) Fully Improved. This value estimate is based on
the assumption that any off-site work has been
completed and any unusual site conditions corrected.
\(d\) Pertinent remarks explaining all adjustments must
be made in the remarks section or in an accompanying
memorandum.
\(10\) Item 10. Value \"As Is.\" It is not necessary that
this item be used in establishing a land value for a
Section 223(f) proposal. Enter N/A for \"Not Applicable.\"
\(11\) Item 12. Acquisition Cost (Last Arms-Length Transaction).
The transaction which first brought the sponsor into
effective control of the subject property (whether the
control was direct or indirect) is the last arms-length
transaction. No matter how many transactions are made
subsequently between persons, corporations, or trusts
controlled by the sponsor, these subsequent transactions
shall not be considered \"arms-length.\" Interview
principals, brokers or other persons who have knowledge
of the price paid for the property in the last
arms-length transaction. Record in Item 12 the names and
addresses of the principals, the price paid, date of
sale and sources of information.
\(12\) Item 13. Other Costs. Not applicable for Section
223(f) processing.
\(13\) Item 14. Value of Land and Cost Certification. Not
applicable for Section 223(f) processing.
\(14\) Remarks. Use this section to make pertinent comments
concerning any item in the analysis and appraisal of
the site. If necessary, attach a separate memorandum
to the Form HUD-92264 with a notation under this heading
to see the attached memorandum.
m\. Section K. Income Approach to Value
The annual net income remaining after payment of expenses
is considered to be the principal source of value of the
property. Value arises from the right to receive this
income stream, and multifamily housing is simply one of
several possible investments which may be made for the
purpose of producing income or yield on an investment.
The value of real estate then is the present worth of the
benefits of ownership as anticipted by those investors,
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8-21 1/84
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4566.1 REV-1
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(8-7) buyers, and sellers who constitute the market. Capitalization
is the process of expressing future benefits in dollars and
discounting them to present worth at the capitalization
rate which is necessary to attract capital to similar
investments.
\(1\) Item 1. Estimated Remaining Economic Life. In using
the income approach to value, the appraiser will first
estimate the remaining economic life of the subject
property and enter the estimate in the space provided.
The last years of economic life are more difficult to
predict than the first years. For this reason, the
appraiser must use caution, and avoid overly long
estimates of remaining economic life especially for
old buildings in old declining neighborhoods. Also,
because of the uncertain nature of the last years of
economic life, when the estimated economic life of
the buildings is not sufficient to support a mortgage
term of 10 years, the property is not eligible for
mortgage insurance pursuant to Section 223(f).
\(2\) Item 2. Capitalization Rate Determined by. The
appraiser is to check the appropriate box.
\(3\) Item 3. Rate Selected. Enter here the rate-selected.
Complete documentation supporting rate selected must be
submitted as an attachment to the Form HUD-92264. The
rate selected by the appraiser should reflect the more
liberal 90 percent of acquisition cost mortgage permitted,
if the project meets the eligibility requirements
for a Target Preservation Area project.
\(4\) Item 4. Net Income (Line F34). Self-explanatory.
\(5\) Item 5. Capitalized Value (Line 4 - Line 3).
Self-explanatory.
\(6\) Item 6. Value of Leased Fee (if any). The cap rate
selected for capitalization of the leased fee must not
exceed the interest rate on the coinsured mortgage.
The ground rent must not exceed the \"as is\" value of
the land times the selected cap rate.
n\. Section L. Market Comparison Approach to Value
\(1\) Principle of Substitution. The comparison approach to
value is based upon the principle of substitution
which states that a prudent person will not pay more
to buy or rent a property than it will cost to buy or
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1/84 8-22
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4566.1 REV-1
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(8-7) rent a comparable substitute property. The objective
of this approach is to deduce from other sales the
amount which the subject property would bring on the
market. In theory, the best comparable sale would be
an exact duplicate of the subject property and would
indicate, by the known selling price of the duplicate,
the price for which the subject property could be sold.
\(2\) Units of Comparison. In comparison, the entire project
does not offer a convenient basis for comparison with
other entire projects since possible differences in
size, composition, areas, units and rooms are almost
unlimited. For this reason, it is customary to express
the market prices found in market comparables in
units of comparison. Some frequently used units of
comparison are: sale price per living unit, sale
price per room, sale price per square foot, gross
income multiplier (GIM) and effective gross income
multiplier (EGIM). Market comparison approach to
value should have analyses of at least two different
units of comparison, one of which should be the gross
income multiplier or the effective gross income multiplier.
It should be noted that, when using the GIM or EGIM,
no adjustment for time need be made, since the GIM or
EGIM from the comparable will produce a current indicated
value by comparison for the subject when it is multiplied
by the current gross income or effective gross income
expected for the subject project.
\(3\) Supporting documentation must be submitted with the
completed Form HUD-92264. If the space for remarks is
inadequate, an attached sheet, with appropriate notation
in Section O that an attachment is involved, is necessary.
The indications of value by various units of comparison
are correlated into one indication of value by direct
sales comparison and it is entered in Item L9 \"COMPARISON
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o\. Appraisal Summary (Line 9).
\(1\) Enter here, on the appropriate space, the dollar amount
estimated from each of the three approaches to value
as applicable to Section 223(f). Since these amounts
are estimates they should be rounded down to the
nearest hundred.
\(2\) Capitalization. The estimated annual net income
remaining after payment of expenses is transformed
into the estimated market value by capitalization, in
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8-23 1/84
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4566.1 REV-1
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(8-7) accord with Chapter 7 of Reference 9 of the Foreword.
Since in 223(f) it is the estimate of market value by
capitalization which is desired, it is suggested that
the selected rate be extracted from market transactions
of comparable properties as a composite overall
capitalization rate, as described in paragraph 7-4 of
Reference 9 of the Foreword, or extracted from market
transactions as a cash flow to equity rate and that cash
flow rate be used to construct an overall rate as shown in
paragraph 7-5. Each of these rates is readily extracted
from sales of comparable properties and will produce
values reflecting the comparable sales. The Cash
Flow to Equity Rate Method is generally the most
responsive to fluctuating mortgage rates and terms.
\(3\) The appraiser should enter the Total Estimated Replacement
Cost of the Project (without depreciation) as Summation;
the value indicated by the income approach as Capitalization
and the value indicated by direct sales comparison
as Comparison. These possible indicators of value
must be correlated into the final estimate of value.
The Summation estimate will determine the final estimate
of value only when it is less than other indicators
of value. In most instances, the final estimate of
value will be best determined by the indications of
value by direct sales comparison or by capitalization.
The appraiser should select a final estimate of value
between that indicated by comparison and that indicated
by capitalization, giving more weight to the approach
supported by the best data.
p\. Section M. Cost Not Attributable to Dwelling Use. If a
mortgage limitation less than the applicable statutory
limit has already been established, it may be noted here.
In that event, this section of the form need not be completed.
Otherwise, the information must be provided as the form
requires.
\(1\) The items to be included are considered without regard
to their on-site location or whether the space, facility
or improvement is income producing. Included are such
items as: special exterior land improvements; commercial
spaces and facilities, including prorated amounts for
foundations, heating, air conditioning, corridors,
halls, lobbys, landscaping; on-site parking, garages
and carports including walks and driveways leading to
them; swimming pools with related facilities and
necessary appurtenances; interior works of art and any
other improvements not specifically for dwelling use.
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1/84 8-24
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4566.1 REV-1
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(8-7) NOTE: Items that are not included in the basic
estimate, such as: special purpose commercial
equipment and finishes, coin operated washers
and dryers, will not be considered as cost not
attributable. Structures, spaces and mechanical
rough-ins for such improvements will be considered
as cost not attributable to dwelling use.
\(2\) Special exterior land improvements. These are defined
as on-site features provided to enhance the environment
and livability of the project and neighborhood but
which are unusual and in excess of those typically
encountered in projects of the same rental range.
The percentage factor is computed by dividing the
total cost of Cost Not Attributable to Dwelling Use by
the total cost of Land Improvements, Line 36c and
Structures, Line 41.
\(3\) Off-site requirements. In the event off-site requirements
are necessary, the following items, although outside
project boundaries, will be considered to serve the
project: utilities, walks, curbs, gutters, streets,
drainage structures and landscaping.
q\. Section N. Not applicable to Section 223(f).
r\. Section O. Remarks. The appraiser enters here any relevant
remarks, including, but not limited to:
\(1\) The appraiser\'s statement of actual occupancy, and
estimate of time required, if any, to reach sustaining
occupancy.
\(2\) The estimated cost of required repairs supplied by the
cost analyst. (Additional repairs or improvements
proposed by the sponsor are included, since they will
be considered in the value, and required by the commitment.)
\(3\) The estimates amounts for legal, organizational (if
applicable) and title and recording expenses based on
the maximum insurable 223(f) loan.
\(4\) The appraiser\'s determination of the tentative maximum
coinsurable mortgage amount. In support of this
determination, the appraiser should attach a trial
copy of Form HUD-92264A with criteria 3, 4 and 5
completed.
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8-25 1/84
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4566.1 REV-1
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(8-7) (5) The amount of the required initial deposit to the
replacement reserve. In addition to the annual deposit
which is required throughout the life of the mortgage,
an initial deposit may be necessary.
\(a\) The annual amount which is to be deposited in
the Replacement Reserve Fund is .0060 multiplied
by Item G-41, Total Structures, on Form HUD-92264.
However, since many shortlived items of equipment
may have used a good portion of their useful
life at the time of appraisal, it is necessary
to make an initial deposit into the Replacement
Reserve Fund at time of closing. The amount of
this required initial deposit is computed by the
appraiser taking into account the cost and useful
life information regarding replaceable items
received from the cost processor, the architect,
or the engineer\'s survey.
\(b\) If, for example, equipment 10 years old had a
normal life of 12 years, 10/12 or 83 percent of
its useful life has been used, and an initial
deposit of 83 percent of the cost to replace
this equipment is needed at closing to prevent
the Replacement Reserve Fund from becoming insolvent
in two years.
\(c\) The initial deposit to the Replacement Reserve
Fund may be calculated by either a physical
takeoff of the items to be considered in the
replacement reserve or by multiplying the dollar
amount established as Total Structures (Line
G-41) by .004 and multiplying the result by the
age of the project, not to exceed 15 years,
rounded to the nearest full year.
\(d\) Options. In determining the method to be used in
computing the initial deposit to the Replacement
Reserve Fund, the appraiser should consider
effective age of the items considered in establishing
the Reserve Fund. It would be inequitable, for
example, to compute the amount of the reserve
using the age method described in (c) above for
a 15 year old project if most of the Replacement
Reserve items had just been replaced. Conversely,
the deposit for a 3 year old project with extreme
wear or very low quality appliances might be far
below the needed reserve amount if the deposit
was calculated on the physical age of the project.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
1/84 8-26
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
4566.1 REV-1
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
(8-7) (e) Deposit of fund. This fund must be deposited in
an account (which may be interest bearing) insured
by an agency of the Federal Government, so arranged
that it is at all times under the control of the
lender.
\(f\) Attachments. The appraiser must attach the
worksheets used in calculating the deposit to the
Form HUD-92264.
\(6\) Where applicable, identification should be provided
that the project is located in a Target Preservation
Area.
8-8. NARRATIVE SUMMARY. In addition to the preparation of the Form
HUD-92264, the appraiser will prepare a brief narrative summary
of important conclusions including a correlation and final
estimate of value. The narrative should also make reference to
the replacement reserve deposit and expand on the computation
methods and conclusions as necessary. Both the Form HUD-92264
and this report must be signed by the appraiser.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
8-27 1/84
| en |
all-txt-docs | 064256 |
Regular Program Conversion and Revisions
LFD Date: 09/18/2007
FIRM Effective Date: 03/18/2008
CID State Community Name 60.3 Existing 60.3 Revised Letter Type Emerg Entry Date Regular Program Date Compliant at LFD? # of Insurance Policies CTP # of Panels Region
010366 AL "Albertville (Town, Marshall)***" B B 19P-N 10/13/1976 9/4/1985 No 5 No 21 4
010345 AL "Arab (City, Marshall)***" B B 19P-N 3/21/1977 8/1/1987 No 7 No 11 4
010276 AL "Boaz (City, Marshall)***" B B 19P-N 7/15/1975 9/4/1985 No 2 No 9 4
010459 AL "Douglas (Town, Marshall)***" - B 196-CW-NP (ID) - - No 0 No 2 4
010282 AL "Grant (Town, Marshall)***" - B 196-CW-NP (ID) - - No 0 No 3 4
010311 AL "Guntersville (City, Marshall)***" D D 19P 5/5/1975 8/19/1991 No 12 No 30 4
010275 AL Marshall County (Unincorporated Areas)*** D D 19P - 6/4/1991 No 27 No 24 4
10477 AL "Union Grove (Town, Marshall)***" - A 206-CW-NP - - No 0 No 1 4
120336 FL Dixie County (Unincorporated Areas)*** D D 115-I-N 4/14/1975 11/2/1983 No 620 Yes 62 4
120326 FL "Horseshoe Branch (Town, Dixie)***" E E 115-I-N 7/25/1975 11/2/1983 No 138 Yes 4 4
210433 KY "Bedford (City, Trimble)***" - A 206-CW-NP No 0 No 2 4
210371 KY "Blackey (City, Letcher)***" - B 196-CW-I 3/5/1993 - No 5 No 1 4
210290 KY "Fleming-Neon (City, Letcher)***" B B 19P-N 7/21/1976 8/19/1987 No 12 No 5 4
210281 KY Gallatin County (Unincorporated Areas)*** C D 19P - 7/20/1997 No 54 No 25 4
210078 KY "Glencoe (City, Gallatin)***" - B 196-CW-NP(ID) - - No 0 No 2 4
210138 KY "Jenkins (City, Letcher)***" B B 19P-N 7/7/1976 6/3/1986 No 10 No 8 4
210289 KY Letcher County (Unincorporated Areas)*** B D 19P 9/15/2003 8/1/2005 No 57 No 36 4
210215 KY "Milton (City, Trimble)***" C D 19P 5/29/1975 9/18/1986 No 10 No 4 4
210079 KY "Sparta (City, Gallatin)***" B B 19P-N 2/3/1976 8/19/1986 No 1 No 4 4
210300 KY Trimble County (Unincorporated Areas)*** B D 19P 10/25/1996 9/1/2001 No 12 No 13 4
210080 KY "Warsaw (City, Gallatin)***" C D 19P 1/19/1976 8/19/1987 No 8 No 4 4
210140 KY "Whitesburg (City, Letcher)***" D D 19P-N 6/4/1975 12/3/1987 No 36 No 3 4
370398 NC Alexander County(Unincorporated Areas)* D D 115-CWG (GPO) 7/23/1990 2/1/1991 Yes 38 No 6 4
370050 NC Catawba County(Unincorporated Areas)* D D 115-CWG (C) 10/24/1973 9/3/1980 Yes 302 No 5 4
370681 NC "Harmony (Town,Iredell)*" - A 206-NP-CW - - No 0 No 1 4
370313 NC Iredell County(Unincorporated Areas)* D D 115-I 7/23/1976 5/15/1980 No 91 No 147 4
370146 NC Lincoln County(Unincorporated Areas)* D D 115-CWG (C) 1/27/1976 12/1/1981 Yes 44 No 7 4
370654 NC "Love Valley (Town,Iredell)*" - A 206-NP-CW - - No 0 No 4 4
370314 NC "Mooresville (Town,Iredell)*" C D 115-I 3/24/1976 5/1/1980 No 6 No 23 4
370135 NC "Statesville (City,Iredell)*" D D 115-I 2/12/1974 9/28/1979 No 35 No 23 4
370626 NC "Troutman (Town,Iredell)*" - D 15NP (ID) - - No 0 No 8 4
470285 TN "Atwood (Town, Carroll)***" - A 206-NP-CW - - No 0 No 1 4
470244 TN "Bruceton (Town, Carroll)" B B 19P-N 10/17/1986 2/1/1990 No 2 No 2 4
470222 TN Carroll County (Unincorporated Areas)*** B B 19P-N 5/15/1989 9/1/1990 No 1 No 49 4
470426 TN "Clarksburg (Town, Carroll)***" - B 196-CW-NP(ID) - - No 0 No 4 4
470137 TN "Clarksville (City, Montgomery)" C D 19PN 7/31/1975 6/15/1984 No 158 No 32 4
470305 TN "Hollow Rock (City, Carroll)***" B B 196-CW-NP - - No 0 No 1 4
470022 TN "Huntingdon (Town, Carroll)***" C C 19PN 3/10/1975 6/3/1988 No 0 No 12 4
470023 TN "McKenzie (Town, Carroll)***" B B 19P-N 1/3/1975 9/4/1985 No 3 No 4 4
470427 TN "Mclemoresville (Town, Carroll)***" - B 196-CW-NP(ID) No 0 No 3 4
470136 TN Montgomery County (Unincorporated Areas)*** C D 19PN 9/2/1975 6/15/1984 No 161 No 68 4
470243 TN "Trezevant (Town, Carroll)***" B B 196-CW-NP - No 0 No 2 4
350056 NM "Bernalillo (Town, Sandoval)***" D D 19P-N 1/17/1975 1/6/1983 No 153 No 5 6
350094 NM "Corrales (Village, Sandoval)***" D D 19P-N 10/14/1975 1/6/1983 No 137 No 10 6
350095 NM "Cuba (Village, Sandoval)***" B B 19NP-N - - No 0 No 2 6
350096 NM "Jemez Springs (Village, Sandoval)***" D? C 19P-N 4/21/1976 1/3/1986 No 8 No 4 6
350003 NM "Laguna (Pueblo, Sandoval)***" - B 196-CW-NP(ID) - - No 0 No 7 6
350148 NM "Lake Cochiti (Town, Sandoval)***" - A 196-CW-NP(ID) - - No 0 No 1 6
350146 NM "Rio Rancho (City, Sandoval)***" D D 19P 11/14/1990 4/15/1992 No 103 No 21 6
350138 NM "San Ysidro (Village, Sandoval)***" A B 196-CW-NP(ID) - - No 0 No 1 6
350055 NM Sandoval County (Unincorporated Areas)*** D D 19P-N - 6/30/1998 No 100 No 102 6
310257 NE "Carroll (Village, Wayne)***" - B 196-CW-NP (ID) - - No 0 No 2 7
310110 NE "Culbertson (Village, Hitchcock)***" B B 19P-N 7/18/1975 9/1/1986 No 0 No 3 7
310109 NE Hitchcock County (Unincorporated Areas)*** - B 196-CW-NP(ID) - - No 0 No 19 7
310289 NE "Hoskins (Village, Wayne)***" B B 19P-N 5/15/1975 3/1/1987 No 6 No 3 7
310108 NE "Palisade (Village, Hitchcock)***" B B 19P-N 8/1/1978 6/3/1986 No 1 No 1 7
310291 NE "Sholes (Village, Wayne)***" - B 196-CW-NP (ID) - - No 0 No 1 7
310112 NE "Stratton (Village, Hitchcock)***" - B 19P-N 7/31/1975 9/24/1984 No 0 No 1 7
310113 NE "Trenton (Village, Hitchcock)***" B B 19P-N 3/11/1975 9/1/1986 No 1 No 3 7
310231 NE "Wayne (City, Wayne)***" D D 19P 5/30/1974 12/2/1980 No 6 No 6 7
310484 NE Wayne County (Unincorporated Areas)*** B B 19P-N 2/9/1979 6/1/1988 No 1 No 23 7
310336 NE "Winside (Village, Wayne)***" - B 196-CW-NP (ID) - - No 0 No 2 7
460007 SD "Aberdeen (City, Brown)***" D D 19P-N 4/9/1973 6/1/1978 No 328 No 16 8
460006 SD Brown County (Unincorporated Areas)*** D D 19P-N 4/9/1973 9/30/1988 No 64 No 68 8
460105 SD "Claremont (Town, Brown)***" A A 19NP-N-NFP - - No 0 No 1 8
460008 SD "Columbia (City, Brown)***" C C 19P-N - 4/7/1994 No 0 No 3 8
460009 SD "Frederick (Town, Brown)***" D D 19P-N 3/24/1976 3/1/1978 No 4 No 3 8
460179 SD "Groton (City, Brown)***" D D 19P 8/8/1975 3/1/1978 No 11 No 2 8
460294 SD "Hecla (City, Brown)***" A A 19P-N-NFP 11/28/1975 9/3/1986 No 1 No 1 8
460065 SD "Stratford (Town, Brown)***" - A 206-NP-CW - - No 0 No 1 8
461199 SD "Verdon (Town, Brown)***" B B 19NP-N - - No 0 No 1 8
460298 SD "Warner (City, Brown)***" A B 19P-N 2/26/1997 6/8/1998 No 0 No 2 8
460011 SD "Westport (Town, Brown)***" B B 19P-N 3/21/1978 8/5/1986 No 7 No 2 8
Not Participating
Non-Floodprone
Compliant at LFD
*Dewberry
***Baker
Letter Type Index
19P-N LFD for RFIS; community participating in Regular phase; BFEs not affected; no appeal period required
196-CW-NP (ID) Minimally floodprone/non-participating/newly identified/establishes effective date for countywide FIRM. Establishes one-year period from the effective date to adopt ordinances.
19P LFD for RFIS; community participating in Regular Phase
206-CW-NP Non-floodprone/no FHBM/non-participating/establishes effective date for countywide FIRM
115-I-N LFD for PMR and LMMP; BFEs not affected; no appeal period required; 6-month compliance period required
115-CWG (GPO) LFD sent to communities on revised countywide map panels. New map panel to be issued to community but community has no new info reflected within their corporate limits. Community needs to update ordinance to reflect new effective date. (Compliant community)
115-I LFD for PMR and LMMP; no appeal received; 6-month compliance period required
15NP (ID) Non-participating/newly identified community. Finalizes BFEs and establishes 1 year period from effective date to adopt ordinances.
19NP-N Not Participating; non-affected community
19NP-N-NFP "Not Participating; non-affected community, non floodprone"
19P-N-NFP LFD for RFIS; non-floodprone community; participating in Regular Phase; shown on countywide map as non-floodprone
| en |
markdown | 798315 | # Presentation: 798315
## Assessment of the ECCO2 optimized solution in the Arctic An T. Nguyen, R. Kwok, D. Menemenlis JPL/Caltech IICWG/S4D workshop, Copenhagen Oct 15-17, 2008
- Assessment of the ECCO2 optimized solution in the ArcticAn T. Nguyen, R. Kwok, D. MenemenlisJPL/CaltechIICWG/S4D workshop, Copenhagen Oct 15-17, 2008
## Outline:
- ECCO2
- Optimized solution in the Arctic
- Sea ice:
- Extent summer 2007
- Velocities & fluxes
- Thickness
- Ocean:
- hydrography
- fresh water content
- heat & volume fluxes
- Summary
- Arctic solution: 53% cost reduction
- Greenland Sea
## ECCO2:
## ECCO2:
- controled parameters
**Modified Cost**: *J* = (**y**o – *G*(**0**))T **W** (**y**o – *G*(**0**)) (**G**(**** – ********+ ****)T **W **(**G**(**** – ********+ ****)
- (****– ********T**G**T**WG**(****– ********+ ****T**W******
**G**(********) ****
## ECCO2:
- [**y**o]
- [****]
## Regional Arctic solution:
_**Ocean model:**_
- ~ 18km horizontal, 50 vertical levels
- volume-conserving, C-grid
- Surface BC’s: ECMWF / ERA-40
- Initial conditions: WOA05
- bathymetry: GEBCO
- KPP mixing [Large et al., 1994]
_**Sea ice model:**_
- C-grid, ~ 18km
- 2-catergory zero-layer thermodynamics [Hibler, 1980]
- Viscous plastic dynamics [Hibler, 1979]
- Initial conditions: Polar Science Center
- Snow simulation: [Zhang et al., 1998]
## Regional optimized solution:
- Sea-ice velocity, sea-ice thickness, CTD profiles,
- Parameters:
- Salt-plume parameters, air / sea-ice drag coefficients, sea-ice and ocean albedos, sea-ice strength, initial conditions, freshwater content, etc.
- Solutions:
- Baseline: A0
- Optimized: A1
- Cost: (m-d)T W (m-d)
- [****]
- [**y**o]
## Sea ice extent
## Sea ice extent
## Sea ice thickness
## Sea ice velocity
- Passive microwave derived
- 1992-2002
## Sea Ice flux:
**Sea Ice flux:**
## Arctic ocean hydrography
- Nguyen et al, [2008], *submitted to JGR-Oceans*
## Arctic ocean fluxes: Bering Strait
- [Woodgate, 2006]
## Arctic ocean flux: Fram Strait
- [Schauer 2006]
## Arctic ocean flux: Fram Strait
## Summary:
- _Summary:_
- Arctic Ocean:
- Summer 2007 sea-ice minimum
- Realistic Halocline
- Freshwater: compatible with Serreze estimates
- Berring Strait: all fluxes compatible with measurements from Woodgate [2006]
- Fram Strait: all fluxes too low compared to Schauer [2006]
## END
- _END_
## Arctic ocean (5): Fresh water volume:
| en |
all-txt-docs | 205648 | Bibliography generated using Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Abstract Service
(URL is http://adswww.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html)
Using keyword Apollo Soyuz Test Project over the period 01/70 to 08/94, total
number of references selected: 40
Key for references:
(i) references of the form 1985N87-11648 are generally stand-alone
documents such as reports, or studies.
(ii)proceedings are also listed in condensed format: e.g., tap...proc
means Testing the AGN Paradigm, Proceedings.
(iii)journal references are generally obvious: e.g., ApJ for
Astrophysical Journal
To find more expanded version of reference and/or paper abstract,
access above URL on WWW/Mosaic.
Bibcode Score Date
Authors Title
1982PhDT.........7C 1.000 0/82
CHAKRABARTI, S. A study of the large-scale structure of the
plasmasphere using extreme ultraviolet
observations
1981JGR....8610038P 1.000 11/81
PARESCE, F.;FAHR, H.;LAY, G. A search for interplanetary He II, 304-A
emission
1980A&A....83L...1S 1.000 3/80
STERN, R.;BOWYER, S. Point source contributions to the extreme
ultraviolet background
1980A&A....83...58F 1.000 3/80
FREEMAN, J.;PARESCE, F.; Observations of interstellar helium with a
BOWYER, S.;LAMPTON, M. gas absorption cell - Implications for the
structure of the local interstellar medium
1979xras.proc..287M 1.000 0/79
MALINA, R. F.;BOWYER, S.; First spectrum of an extra-solar object in
PARESCE, F. the extreme ultraviolet The white dwarf HZ 43
1979PhDT.........7F 1.000 0/79
FREEMAN, J. R. EUV observations of the local ism
1979ApJ...230..755S 1.000 6/79
STERN, R.;BOWYER, S. Apollo-Soyuz survey of the
extreme-ultraviolet/soft X-ray background
1979ApJ...230..304P 1.000 6/79
PARESCO, F.;BOWYER, S.; Observations of the cosmic background
LAMPTON, M.;MARGON, B. radiation at 1440 angstroms
1979A&AS...36..371C 1.000 6/79
CRAWFORD, R.;MARGON, B.; Far ultraviolet photometry of intermediate
PARESCE, F.;LAMPTON, M.; brightness stars from Apollo-Soyuz
BOWYER, S.
1978PhDT........13S 1.000 0/78
STERN, R. A. Studies of the extreme ultraviolet/soft X-ray
background
1978N78-28021.....B 1.000 1/78
BOWYER, C. S. Apollo-Soyuz test project Extreme Ultraviolet
Telescope MA-083
1978N78-25020.....R 1.000 3/78
REIMHERR, G. W. Solar eclipses. A bibliography with
abstracts
1978N78-22991.....B 1.000 1/78
BOWYER, C. S. Helium glow detector experiment, MA-088
1978ApJ...224..167M 1.000 8/78
MARGON, B.;SZKODY, P.; Extreme-ultraviolet observations of dwarf
BOWYER, S.;LAMPTON, M.; novae from Apollo-Soyuz
PARESCE, F.
1978ApJ...219..585C 1.000 1/78
CASH, W.;BOWYER, S.; Possible detection of an extreme-ultraviolet
FREEMAN, J.;LAMPTON, M.; source at 500 A
PARESCE, F.
1978A&A....70..431A 1.000 11/78
AYRES, T. R.;LINSKY, J. L.; Upper limits on extreme ultraviolet radiation
MARGON, B.;BOWYER, S. from nearby main sequence and subgiant stars
1977N78-17094.....N 1.000 0/77
NIKOLSKIY, G. M.; Artificial solar eclipse: Experiment MA-148
SIMONOV, A. I.;KIM, I. S.;
GUILA, R. T.;JENNESS, M. D.;
LUNDE, A. N.
1977N77-24050.....S 1.000 3/77
SCHAEFER, H. J. Nuclear emulsion measurements of the dose
contribution from tissue disintegration stars
on the Apollo-Soyuz mission
1977HiA.....4..341L 1.000 0/77
LAMPTON, M.;MARGON, B.; Extreme ultraviolet observations of white
BOWYER, S. dwarfs
1977EExSc...3...55P 1.000 0/77
PARESCE, F. Compact sources of EUV radiation
1977apso.nasa...71B 1.000 0/77
BOWYER, C. S.;FREEMAN, J.; Interstellar helium glow: Experiment MA-088
LAMPTON, M.;PARESCE, F.
1977apso.nasa...49B 1.000 0/77
BOWYER, C. S.;MARGON, B.; Extreme ultraviolet survey: Experiment
LAMPTON, M.;PARESCE, F.; MA-083
STERN, R.
1977apso.nasa...39S 1.000 0/77
SHULMAN, S.;NARANAN, S.; Soft X-ray observations: Experiment MA-048
SNYDER, W.;YENTIS, D.;
CRUDDACE, R.;FRIEDMAN, H.;
FRITZ, G.;HENRY, R.
1977ApJ...215L..83F 1.000 7/77
FREEMAN, J.;PARESCE, F.; The local interstellar helium density
BOWYER, S.;LAMPTON, M.;
STERN, R.;MARGON, B.
1977ApJ...215..541D 1.000 7/77
DAVIDSEN, A. F.;HENRY, R. C.; Soft X-ray sources and supernova remnants in
SNYDER, W. A.;FRIEDMAN, H.; Cygnus - Rocket and Apollo-Soyuz results
FRITZ, G.;SHULMAN, S.;
YENTIS, D.;NARANAN, S.
1977ApJ...213L..25S 1.000 4/77
SHIPMAN, H. L.;MARGON, B.; The atmosphere of Sirius B. II -
BOWYER, S.;LAMPTON, M.; Extreme-ultraviolet observations
PARESCE, F.;STERN, R.
1977A&A....54..623G 1.000 1/77
GREENSTEIN, G.;MARGON, B.; A search for thermal extreme ultraviolet
BOWYER, S.;LAMPTON, M.; radiation from nearby pulsars
PARESCE, F.;STERN, R.;
GORDON, K.
1976N77-17992.....K 1.000 0/76
KAUFMAN, F.;RAWLING, W. T.; The O(3P) and N(4S) density measurement at
DONAHUE, T. M.; 225 km by ultraviolet absorption and
ANDERSON, J. G.;HUDSON, R. D. fluorescence in the Apollo-Soyuz test project
1976IAF..meet.NASAB 1.000 10/76
BUDINGER, T. F.;TOBIAS, C. A.; Light flash observations during Apollo-Soyuz
HUESMAN, R. H.;UPHAM, F. T.;
WIESKAMP, T. F.;SCHOTT, J. U.;
SCHOPPER, E.
1976cospameet.....B 1.000 6/76
BENTON, E. V.;PETERSON, D. D.; Summary of measurements of high-LET particle
HENKE, R. P. radiation in U.S. manned space missions
1976apso.nasa..SEET 1.000 2/76
TROMBKA, J. I.;ELLER, E. L.; Crystal activation experiment MA-151
SCHMADEBECK, R. L.;
DYER, C. S.;REEDY, R. C.;
BARR, D. W.;GILMORE, J. S.;
PRESTWOOD, R. J.;
BAYHURST, B. P.;PERRY, D. G.
1976apso.nasa..SEES 1.000 2/76
SHULMAN, S.;FRITZ, G.; Soft X-ray observation experiment MA-048
YENTIS, D.;CRUDDACE, R. G.;
FRIEDMAN, H.;SNYDER, W.;
HENRY, R. C.
1976apso.nasa..SEEP 1.000 2/76
PEPIN, T. J.;MCCORMICK, M. P. Stratospheric aerosol measurement experiment
MA-007
1976apso.nasa..SEEG 1.000 2/76
GIULI, R. T.;JENNESS, M. D.; Artificial solar eclipse experiment MA-148
LUNDE, A. N.;YOUNG, K. A.
1976apso.nasa..SEED 1.000 2/76
DONAHUE, T. M.;HUDSON, R. D.; Ultraviolet absorption experiment MA-059
ANDERSON, J.;KAUFMAN, F.;
MCELROY, M. B.
1976apso.nasa....2B 1.000 2/76
BOWYER, S.;FREEMAN, J.; Interstellar helium flow experiment MA-088
PARESCE, F.;LAMPTON, M.;
MARGON, B.
1976apso.nasa....1B 1.000 2/76
BOWYER, S.;MARGON, B.; Extreme ultraviolet survey experiment MA-083
LAMPTON, M.;PARESCE, F.;
STERN, R.
1976ApJ...210L..79M 1.000 12/76
MARGON, B.;LAMPTON, M.; An intense extreme-ultraviolet source in
BOWYER, S.;STERN, R.; Cetus
PARESCE, F.
1976ApJ...203L..71L 1.000 1/76
LAMPTON, M.;MARGON, B.; Discovery of a nonsolar extreme-ultraviolet
PARESCE, F.;STERN, R.; source
BOWYER, S.
1975S&T....50....4M 1.000 7/75
MARGON, B.;BOWYER, S. Extreme-ultraviolet astronomy from
Apollo-Soyuz
| en |
converted_docs | 298143 | \<CREW Talk\>
Q: So then... \<laughs\>
**Frederick Reese:** So then it was that uh.. after having experienced
this act across the bridge and now uh.. Dr. King has indicated uh.. that
those persons who want to come to Selma, and now we have people who are
comin' to Selma now, to- and to give the kind of assistance to the
people of Selma. As I said before, that Selma became that ecumenical
gathering of all races, nationalities, all religions, and now people who
came to Selma, the first thing they wanna do was a march. We had marches
all over Selma. Uh.. they wanted to come and be a part of whatever 'a
march' meant, for the right to vote. And so it was then, after having to
wait until the federal courts gave us permission to march across the
bridge, down Highway 80, uh.. east. Then uh.. the uh..- decree came,
that we had the right to march down Highway 80, and to be protected. And
I should imagine that some of those State Troopers, who really beat
heads that day, had to protect us on uh.. March the 21^st^, the
successful march, from Selma to Montgomery. And so, we left Selma, March
the 21^st^, and uh.. we.. reached Montgomery on Wednesday, Wednesday
evening. And when we got to Montgomery, there was a long flatbed truck
there, used as a stage. Entertainers from all-all over the world came to
entertain us, such as Harry Belafonte, uh.. Peter, Paul and Mary, and
Sammy Davis Junior, James Baldwin, and other entertainers- because on
that Thursday morning, we were to get up and to complete the march from
St. Jude, camping ground, to the capital, where Dr. King was supposed to
make that speech, Thursday, at noon. And so it was that uh.. Thursday
morning we got up and formed the line of march at uh.. St. Jude. And
that line- the front line of that march- to my left marched Jose
Williams holding his daughter. I marched next to him, Mrs. King marched
next to me, Dr. King marched next to her. To Dr. King's right marched
uhm.. the Nobel Prize Peace winner, Dr. Ralph Bunch. To his right,
marched Mrs. Abernathy. To her right marched her husband, Rav Abernathy.
To his right marched John Lewis, who today is a United States
congressman from Georgia. To his right marched uh.. A. Phillip Randall,
who was at-at that time the president of the Porter's Union, and of
course he was one of the organizer of the 1963 march on Washington,
where Dr. King made that famous speech, "I have a dream." And to his
right- all from the picture I have now, marched Rosa Parks. That's the
front line of that march, moving down Dexter Avenue, in Montgomery
Alabama, on the way to the capital. And everybody ask- estimate 50,000
people, a sea of humanity, moving down Dexter Avenue, to move toward the
capital steps to hear Dr. King make that speech that day. As I sat on..
the steps, lookin' out over that crowd, it was a feeling of great
triumph and victory for having gone through all of the indignities and
all the sacrifices that we had made prior to that time, and now we had
reached the capital of Alabama, but Dr. King would make that speech that
day. And from that particular day, we had the feeling that we had
overcome, many of the obstacles that had been placed in our path, and
then because of that march, congress, the United States Congress, then
proceeded to uh.. pass the 1965 Voting Rights Act and Lyndon Baines
Johnson signed in the Law, the 1965 Voting Rights Act, based on what
happened across that bridge and in Selma, Alabama. And now it is
history, that all men, of age and of color, would have their right
guaranteed by the constitution of the United States of American.
Q: It's been about 40 years since then.
**Frederick Reese:** 38 years since the march.
Q: What's going to happen here on the 40^th^ anniversary?
**Frederick Reese:** Well we-we want to look back and see and make
assessment of really, what type of real progress that we can really
point to as a result of this uh.. Voting Rights Act. And what we need to
do, in order to actually make it uh.. enforceable in a most uh.. dynamic
uh.. force in our communities to help upgrade and to actually give the
kind of uh.. impetence \[ph?\] is needed, in order to rise and to bring
to bear the rising of uh.. black uh.. power. When I say 'black power', I
mean people of color, who have been denied rights that now they would
have the opportunity to have uh.. the proper type of uh.. influence, as
a result of the right to vote and position in community, makin' a
difference, to make an assessment of where we are now and of what we
need to do, in order to make that Voting Rights Act more real and more
dynamic, in bringin' about a change, in our cities, in our state, in our
nation.
Q: Can you give us a preview of that assessment? What would you say to
young people?
**Frederick Reese:** Well I think that uh.. as we look back and-and try
to make that assessment from whence we have come, and then to assess
what type of influence that we have had on the young generation, or the
younger generation, and what might be their perspective. How do they see
uh.. the Voting Rights Act uh.. being a part of their daily uh.. lives,
and how can it impact upon their future? And I would think that as we
look at the educational system and we need to do a greater job in
educating our children, of the legacy that has uh.. been portrayed in
many different areas. Sometime we do not do a good job of actually uh..
teaching our children, their history, and to give them the proper
perspective, to get them involved in trying to make a difference. So
therefore they are not uh.. as in tune to try to make that difference
because we are not doin' the kind of job we should do in bringin' to
their uh.. remembrance all of the struggles that have gone on. So we
need to do a better job of that, in our schools, and to make sure that
the history books are written correctly and that they would be given the
opportunity to uh.. be uh.. involved in the kind of lives that blacks,
black leaders in the past, have portrayed and the kind of sacrifice they
have given that they might, at this point, be recipients of uh.. a
greater uh.. life, a greater quality of life, for the young people.
Q: Good.
\<CREW talk\>
Q: At what point do you start covering this movement here, in Selma?
**Alvin Benn:** Well I arrived in Birmingham on August 4^th^ of 1964.
That date's significant. That's the date that they found the bodies of
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, Cheney \[ph?\] and Goodman in Mississippi. Uh.. I
then worked at uh.. UPI's office in Birmingham for 2\_ years and became
bureau manager during my last year. That's when the Selma to Montgomery
march was conducted, of course. Uh.. the day the march began, on March
21^st^, two weeks after Bloody Sunday, I uh.. was in Birmingham- I was
told to hold down the fort up there. Somebody planted locker boxes full
of dynamite all over Birmingham. The idea was to take the uh.. focus
away from Selma- not that that could happen- but uh.. I spent the
longest day of my career, from like 9 in the morning till 4 or 5 the
next morning, 'cause every time we went and- somewhere where where a
bom- a box was found, a locker box, well, they'd find another one- and
from one place to another.
Q: How many total?
**Alvin Benn:** There were- there were, I believe, six boxes, five or
six boxes, with 50 sticks of dynamite in each one. And a friend and I
stood over a couple of 'em and listened to it ticking- what a stupid
thing to do, right? But we're young, we didn't know what the hell we
were doing. So uh.. the last one was at the house of A.D. King, Dr.
King's brother.
\<CREW talk\>
**Alvin Benn:** Remind me to get you a special section that we had on
the movement. I think you'd really like it- a lot of stories in there.
Q: Yeah?
**Alvin Benn:** Uh hum. And unusual- a color photograph of the marchers
coming down the bridge. I'd never seen a color shot before.
Q: Is that right?
**Alvin Benn:** Yeah.
\<CREW talk\>
**Alvin Benn:** Boxes full of dynamite.
Q: 50 sticks a box, the dynamite, you're talking about...
**Alvin Benn:** Right.
Q: ... the diversionary boxes of dynamite at Birmingham. So what was the
attitude of most editors in the south, towards this movement for civil
rights?
**Alvin Benn:** That's a very good question and the main- the main thing
is that uh.. most of your editors and publishers were part of the
establishment. They were white. Uh.. those of us who came into the south
working for wire services didn't have any allegiance to these folks-
that's why we were detested by so many in the establishment. They knew
that the story was gonna get out, through Associated Press or United
Press International. We were the ones on the firing line. We were the
ones that they went after. Dick Valarianni \[ph?\], for instance, from
NBC, they put black paint on his camera lens, up in Marion, and they
did- they beat him, put him in the hospital. Uh.. so there were only a
handful of us, compared to the thousands of editors, reporters who were
raised in the south. Uh.. I was born and raised in the south too,
southern Pennsylvania. So.
Q: \<laughs\>
**Alvin Benn:** So uh.. they didn't care- they didn't cutch- care much
or they just couldn't understand what I was sayin', so uh.. we knew- we
knew we had a very important job to do. We didn't know we were writing
history, which was very important, uh.. a chance to cover events like
what happened on the bridge with Bob Mouts and John Lewis and those
heroes that went across the bridge- uh-uh.. those of us on the bridge
that day, caught the teargas- uh.. they came close to getting some billy
clubs on their skulls too, you know. But I was in Birmingham that day,
and it was very important that we covered the whole state. And that's
what happened.
Q: FCLC, SNIC folk, were very knowledgeable of how useful the press was
to this whole movement. Did you guys ever feel like you were being used?
It was a symbiotic kind of a thing, wasn't it?
**Alvin Benn:** Well it was. I mean, they used us, we used them. I mean,
it was the biggest story in the world at that time. So they knew our
schedules, they knew our deadlines, they knew uh.. what time we had to
get our reports into Atlanta or New York. And we knew what time they
were going to march. So it was a relationship that uh.. worked well, or
bad, depending on how you looked at it uh....
Q: And television was coming in, full force.
**Alvin Benn:** That's what captured the movement. Bloody Sunday, as you
well know, uh.. when they interrupted Judgment at Nuremberg that night
on AB-ABC- uh.. it stunned people. Today, they probably wouldn't give it
a second thought because of what's happened over the last 40 years. But
uh.. back then that was significant.
Q: How did you feel being caught up in this swirl of emotion, of drama,
of violence?
**Alvin Benn:** It was exciting. Exciting. Wow, here I was, a
24-year-old kid, 25 at that time, and uh.. my stories were in the
Washington Post, the New York Times, the Okinawa Morning Star even, you
know. So, uh.. I had a ball- long, long hours, didn't make much money,
but I knew that history was being written and I knew that the Voting
Rights Movement was more important than the Civil Rights Movement. It
really was, because it changed the face of the nation, much more so than
being able to eat at a lunch counter- the fact that black folk could
elect folks of their own sk- uh.. color, uh.. it-it changed things,
it-it-it made black people equal, put them in office, uh.. very
important positions across the south. You can take a look at things
today and see. In some of these counties there are no white elected
officials.
Q: What are the kind of press reports you and others filed about Selma
and the other things? It was always the leadership gloss but there were
a lot of unsung heroes. Did you ever get to these kinds of people, like
Mrs. Mays? And there were so many stories. How did you deal with your
editors?
**Alvin Benn:** I think unfortunately they became faces in the crowd,
nameless, faceless people. They were there. Uh.. they were part of it.
They uh..- the movement could not have succeeded without the foot
soldiers, and that's why the Voting Rights Museum is so important here
in Selma, to be able to uh.. to recognize these folks who didn't get
their names in the paper or on television, but they were the ones that
were out getting their heads beaten in and tear-gassed and everything-
and being arrested and taken out to Camp Selma- uh.. they made the
movement a success, by being there. They didn't get anything in return.
They didn't become celebrities, dignitaries or anything like that.
Q: Another part of the story that was ignored or avoided is how young a
lot of the warriors were. Did you ever report on that?
**Alvin Benn:** Oh, we did, certainly. You-you know, you had school kids
uh.. children that came out of school. You could look in Birmingham and
see the-the kids on the street corners up there when the fire hoses and
the police dogs and everything. Same thing down here- a lot of students
were in the movement and they were picked up and sent out to Camp Selma.
Then they were released but it showed the commitment they had to the
movement and to uh.. to equality, and I think it was very important.
Q: I need a take from you about the significance of all of this. Folks
who come to this museum are going to be pretty much very young. What
does all this mean, what does it signify?
**Alvin Benn:** I think- it was the greatest social upheaval, I think,
of the 20^th^ century, and it-it proved that anybody in this country can
play a major role in making significant changes. In this case, in Selma,
the Voting Rights Movement, that uh.. a 10-year-old child could play an
important role in changing history for the good. And it proved that-
that you didn't have to be a Dr. Martin Luther King Junior, you could be
uh.. a 10-year-old or 11, whatever, from a junior high school, and go
out and march for what you feel was-was right, and help make that
change. No one will know who you were, any more than people would know
the names of those on the Arizona, for instance. But by being there at
that time in history, that made a great deal of uh.. of difference, had
a tremendous positive impact on history.
Q: I grew up in the south. Has the south changed?
**Alvin Benn:** Has south Boston changed?
Q: No, I'm talking about lower Alabama.
**Alvin Benn:** L.A., right? \<laughs\>
Q: L.A. Has lower Alabama changed, or is it still as racist a place as
it ever was? What do you say?
**Alvin Benn:** Oh I-you gonna have racism no matter what- no matter
what the uh.. federal legislation might be, you're gonna have people who
don't want to associate with black people, or vice versa, with white
people. And you can look at the country clubs, you can look at a lot of
places. Uh.. look at Selma. You've got a white Masonic Lodge and a black
Masonic Lodge. You've got uh-uh.. many uh.. segregated- I'll give you a
good example. Our son uh.. is a member of the uh.. Prince Hall Chapter
of the Mason. He came back from college, they wouldn't let him come to a
meeting 'cause he was white. Now you tell me, hum? It works both ways.
He's a member of kappa alpha si, you've heard of that- he was president
of his- the first white president of this black fraternity at Troy State
University. Uh.. so there's been tremendous positive changes through the
years, and yet you can look at it and see, there's still a long way to
go. And it will be, maybe a hundred years from now. You don't change
history in a hundred years- it may take you two, three hundred.
Q: It seems that black folks are making great strides politically here.
Does it translate into economic benefits for black folks?
**Alvin Benn:** It has, I think, for those with education. For those who
don't have it and they work in cut and sew factories or chop heads off
chickens and things like that, they're not gonna go anywhere. They're
not gonna make much more than minimum wage. That's why education is so
important. And I think you- we've seen that happen.
Q: I run across a lot of reluctance in some white characters whom I'd
really like to speak to who are integral to this story. They don't want
to talk to me here. There's still a lot of residual memory of the pain
of this experience, or am I exaggerating?
**Alvin Benn:** Well you gotta remember that in Selma, uh.. the white
population is decreasing, but the white people still control this town
uh.. economically. They run the banks or the lawyers and the doctors.
The last thing they wanna see is themselves being pictured as some kind
of a wild-eyed liberal. Uh.. that's the way it is. You know, 150 years
ago, they'd be out in the field with maybe a white Panama suit on. Uh..
but times have changed and you have people who really wanna get along.
One Selma- I'm not sure if you're familiar with that group or not, here
in town- Austin Fits is uh.. one of our local historians- he'd be a good
one for you to talk to. Uh.. this is a biracial group that came together
to try to solve some of the problems in Selma, which is great.
Q: Over the next couple of days I've got a couple of guys I really want
to talk to.
**Alvin Benn:** Dick Morthland \[ph?\]- I don't know if that name has
been mentioned to you. He was a former bank- the largest bank in the
area and he was president and he's one of our two resident liberals, I
think- he and Austin kind of share that.
Q: At any time in your career, had you thought of leaving the south and
going to do your reportorial work elsewhere? Why do you stay here and do
this?
**Alvin Benn:** We love Selma, and we love the south. There's just no
other way around it. Our children were born uh.. in Alabama and uh-uh..
I'm comfortable here- and so's my wife. We have good friends, white and
black. We're one of the few white families left in the black
neighborhood. But I didn't buy that house, you know, for racial reasons,
I bought it because it was a nice house and we wound up with very nice
neighbors. Uh.. we're the only white family in our whole street, you
know. Big deal.
Q: They're good people here. I've interviewed a number of very good
people. Who am I missing? Is there somebody really special? Especially
white folk. Jean Martin, I had a wonderful interview with her. I think
she just cancel me out.
**Alvin Benn:** We're the only two here who know what that means, right?
Q: \<laughs\> Probably, probably. I give away my age at every turn. I
don't know about you.
**Alvin Benn:** And you say 23 skidoo.
Q: Now you're giving away your age. I didn't go back that far. Who am I
missing?
**Alvin Benn:** Well I mentioned Austin Fits, uh.. he was born and
raised in Tuscaloosa, a native southerner, Dick Morthland, form
president of People's Bank and Trust. Those two. Talk to them. You can
contact Austin- this week they're doing a documentary, I believe, on the
uh.. the nuns who came into Selma uhm.. and they're making a-a T.V.
production out of that, I think. He's involved in it. But you can reach
Austin, he lives on Church Street.
Q: Let me loop back. You covered the march that ultimately resulted in
people walking from Selma to Montgomery.
**Alvin Benn:** Well, like from a distance. Like I said, it was from
Birmingham.
Q: Birmingham.
**Alvin Benn:** And uh-uh.. the day they- when they tried to- when they
planted those locker boxes all over Birmingham, it was to take the
attention away from Selma. But I would come down to Selma and cover
court hearings involved in the march and the subsequent events that
occurred, you know.
Q: Right. I'm looking for pictures you could paint for me. Were you
there in Montgomery for King's speech.
**Alvin Benn:** No, uh-uh. But I got to know him pretty well up in
Birmingham when he would come in.
Q: Did you?
**Alvin Benn:** Yeah.
Q: Last question. Are there unsung black heroes in this area? Paint me a
picture of somebody who's truly impressed you in terms of their
commitment, their stalwartness, the breadth of their activities?
**Alvin Benn:** During the time that I've been here or...
Q: During the time that you've been here.
**Alvin Benn:** Uh.. Jim Stallings uh.. was a former department head
with the city, uh.. Sanitation- would be a good one to talk to. Uh-uh..
Q: I'm going to try and talk to Smitherman too. Tell me something about
him. He seems to be something of a masterful politician. Am I wrong
about that?
**Alvin Benn:** He's one of the best I've ever been around. You know, he
comes across uh.. as someone who uhm.. maybe lacks some of the social
graces and everything, but he is shrewd. He's a small-town Dick Daily
uh.. or uh.. Wallace. He's a populist. He copied Wallace's uh.., you
know, style of-of politics. Uh.. he was elected and served 40 years,
first as a council member and then as a- as a mayor. And uh.. he knew
how to fill the pot-holes. He knew what it took to stay in office. Uh..
he had- he was brilliant in terms of knowing that times were changing.
So he began to appoint blacks to department head positions, knowing
full-well that, hey, they have wives and children- if you keep them in
office and their money coming in, they continue to vote for Smitherman,
which stunned so many. I remember when he- when he ran against Reverend
Reece, back in the mid-eighties, they-they said, "Well, of course.
There's no way Smitherman could win." Well, he did win, because all the
people he had appointed and made uh-uh..- and helped create this
middle-class- you know, whether you were uh.. working in sanitation or
public works or whatever, you wanted to keep that job. And they- and you
knew that if Smitherman stayed in office and you minded your P's and
Q's, you would keep that job. But at one point- he knew with the
demographics, the population, that his time would come to an end- he
could see that back in the early eighties and that's what happened three
years ago.
Q: Good. We're done. We can cut.
\<CREW talk\>
Q: I noticed when Scotty was here the other day, that he too work a set
of coveralls like this. Is it true that this was like the SNIC uniform
when you guys was out here?
**Bob Mouts:** Well, not just here but uhm.. throughout the south, uh..
Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, wherever we worked, it basically was.
Q: Can you take a piece of my question and put it in your answer? Tell
me about what you're wearing.
**Bob Mouts:** Uh.. basically these coveralls were used uh.. not-not
only by SNIC workers who worked in rural areas, uhm.. but also people in
the- that we worked with w-wore, overalls. So it was a part of a way of
identifying with them, and also as a means of blendin' in with-with the
community.
Q: When did you join SNIC and what was your motivation for doing so?
**Bob Mouts:** Well, let me give you some background. Uh.. my
involvement uhm.. in the civil rights movement came about when I was
16-years-old, in the 11^th^ grade. In Atlanta, there was the Atlanta
Student Movement whose former name was the Committee on Appeal for Human
Rights. Their headquarters was located in the block uh.. from my house.
And I used to see these college students coming by the house with picket
signs, going downtown Atlanta, to Richies, to Walgreens, to Kresges, and
other places of public accommodations. I became curious, and went to
Rush Memorial Church uh.. where the headquarters was, in the Atlanta
University Center. Uhm.. I was the youngest member of the Atlanta
Student Movement. Uh.. the leader uh.. of the- of the- of the group,
Lanna King, would not let me go to demonstrations because students were
being arrested. And I was the youngest one, which meant that I would go
to juvenile detention, as opposed to jail, with the rest of 'em. My uh..
first responsibility there was what I call, captain of the picket signs.
The Atlanta Student Movement had these very well-made uhm.. picket signs
and my job was to make sure that they were clean, they were properly
stacked and issued when students went uh.. downtown Atlanta to
demonstrate at pl-places of public accommodations. I was also the
janitor, to keep the place clean. They paid me \$3.00 a week for doing
that. But one of the other things that the Altanta Student Movement did,
as a fundraiser, we would have these uhm.. dances called freedom hops.
And my job was to- I would do the design to draw up the posters for the
freedom hops uhm.. where Gladys Knight and the Pips used to do these
fundraisers for the Atlanta Student Movement. During the same time, the
SNIC office was three blocks in the other direction from my house, and I
would go to the SNIC office and sit around there and helps answer the
phone, uh.. stuff envelopes- this is early- this is early 1960 to 1963-
uhm.. answer the phones, stuff envelopes- got to know some of the first
people who were involved with SNIC. Uh.. from that uhm.. I- at the same
time, in 1961, I was at Morehouse College, uhm.. I dropped out of school
uhm.. to go work full-time in the movement in southwest Georgia. I
distinctly remember Sunday morning, one Sunday morning, sitting on the
porch talking with my dad, about uh.. dropping out of Morehouse. We're
the first generation college students and that means a lot to your
parents. I am the only male, the youngest of four siblings. And I told
my dad that uh.. I wanted to drop out of school, to go work full-time in
the movement. The first thing he said, he say, "You been studying too
hard." Uhm.. "Maybe you need- just need to take off a semester, get a
job or somethin', but you're probably studying too hard." I persisted in
my uhm.. conversation with him to drop out of school. But I remembered
that the last thing he said, he said uh.., he say, "You can't help it,
because you got it in your blood." It would be years later, I was
married in south Georgia, and my dad came down to Albany to help me
paint the house before I full- before I fully understood what he meant.
During the course of our working around the house and painting, he told
me a lot about his fore-parents. One of the things he told me was his
great aunt- uncle, rather- Matthew, who had been brought a slave uh..
from West Africa to Brazil- and after the emancipation, came up through
Florida. My dad was 85- when he died at 85, he described Matthew, this
uncle Matthew, as a tall, dark man with furrows across his brow, who
always talked about going back to Africa. And if you wanted a fight out
of him, you talked with him about being a slave. So it took uh.. several
years for me to understand what my dad meant when he said, "You have it
in your blood."
Q: I left the south about the same age as you started getting involved
in the movement. I try to get kids today to understand the motivation.
What was moving you?
**Bob Mouts:** Let-let me uh.. try to explain it to you this way. It has
been my experience in many instances where you uh..- where you be asked-
won't be asked, "Why do you do what you do? What was the motivation in
your- for your uh.. participating in the Civil Rights Movement? Well,
usually- the classic answer is because we demand our constitutional
rights through first-class citizenship. That's the classic answer. But
there is usually something below the surface that really motivates you.
The thing- and I didn't know this for many years- it was not until 1990
when I met Emmett Teal's mother, in Detroit, and she was talking about
how.. she had to examine.. her son's mutilated body. Emmett Teal was
14-years-old, I was 12-years-old, but... I remember when she started
talking about that, I started to cry, because there was this flashback
when I was 12-years-old in Atlanta, I would ask my parents and I would
ask my teachers, what is a wolf whistle?- because Emmett Teal had
allegedly been killed for wolf whistling at this white woman in Money,
Mississippi. There was all these flashbacks, when she started talking.
And I did not really fully realize, until 1990- this is 30 years later-
what had been the motivating force, behind my involvement. Not only
that, in talking with other people of my age- most of the people in the
Movement was two or three years older than mine- it was not the
Montgomery bus cot-boycott, it was not the demonstrations in-in Albany,
Georgia. For people of my generation, it was Emmett Teal's death that
motivated us more than anything else. It was 30 years before I fully
understood what had been driving me. We give the classic answer of being
first- want to be first class citizens now- but it was Emmett Teal's
death uhm.. that really was the driving force in my life that has- that
uh.. made me more determined and more resolved in being able to bove
\[ph?\] toward uh-uh.. justice.
Q: Yes. I'm with you. I was in Birmingham at the time and I remember
that. It was catalytic for a lot of people getting in the movement, and
it was transformative for understanding the nature of this thing over
here.
**Bob Mouts:** Uh hum.
Q: It was the first thing we dealt with in Eyes on the Prize.
**Bob Mouts:** Uh hum. I remember- I remember very distinctly in
Atlanta- the uh.. Atlanta World and papers and the-the radio station was
full of news about Emmett Teal's death, and I remember his mother, Miss
Mammy Teal, at the time, said, "I want the world to see what they did to
my son." And that has b-been written indelibly in my mind and my heart
all these years. And I was fortunate enough to meet her, and we
established a friendship, and I thanked her, for what she had done,
because it's-it-it was the catalyst- it moved my generation more than
anything else.
Q: How did you get to Selma? Or am I leaping over some stuff?
**Bob Mouts:** Well-well, I-I spent uh.. some time in southwest Georgia,
working for SNIC, uh-uh.. Americus Georgia, Lee County Georgia, Sumter
Counties Georgia, Tyrrell Counties Georgia. Uhm.. and I had gone back to
school, to Morehouse, uhm.. studying again- I considered myself a good
student. Uhm.. and my buddy, Frank Smith, who was from Newland, Georgia,
was also involved in the Atlanta uh-uh.. Student Movement had-had spent
some time in Mississippi. We were at Frank's apartment- Frank wanted to
be a lawyer, I wanted to be a doctor, and we thought that we had made
our hit, for the movement. Jim Bellville comes to Frank Smith's house
and says there is before the United States Congress, a Voting Rights
bill. We told Be-Bellville to get lost, uhm.. that we had uh-uhm.. did
our stinch \[ph?\] in the movement and that we wanted to uh.. go get our
degrees. It was not long after that that I found myself uh.. in Alabama,
\<laughs\> uh.. back on the front line again. The first time I came to
Alabama- with-with uh-uh.. SNIC people, uh.. Ivanhoe Donaldson and some
students at the University of Michigan had raised uh-uh..- had done uh..
this thing to raise- to get books to bring to Miles College, in
Birmingham, in its effort to seek accreditation. So some of 'em, when
they came from Michigan, stopped in at Atlanta- Julian Barnes, John
Lewis, uhm.. and some other SNIC people came to Alabama to deliver these
truckloads of books to the university- to the sch-college there. Uhm..
the second time I came to Alabama was with Dr. King and his entourage,
and John Lewis and myself, from SNIC, because we had read in the Atlanta
papers that the various offices of registrars would be open throughout
Alabama. And we came on a-a- to see whether they w-were open or not. We
came to Selma, uh.. Greene County, Wilcox County and Lowndes County. The
third time I came to Alabama was to participate in the Selma to
Montgomery March. Uhm.. the position of SNIC- the Student Non-Violent
Coordinating Committee, was they were not going to participate in it.
And a lot of people don't understand why SNIC uh.. took that position.
You must remember that right before that, the year before that, was the
Mississippi Freedom Summer and the Mississ- and the- and the- the
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, that had these challenges uh-uh..
in Atlantic City. And I think a lot of people were despondent and
dismayed to- and- it was an eye-opener in terms of just how the
electoral politics worked in this country. So many of them with
this-this despondence said they weren't going to participate in it. My
position was that I wanted to go. And I came in with John Lewis- as a
matter of fact, I drove a car uhm.. in for us to come to participate in
the- uh.. in the Selma to Montgomery March.
Q: This march was precipitated by a specific event. What happened?
**Bob Mouts:** Uh huh. Yeah. It was \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for Jimmy Lee
Jackson, primarily over in Marion County because a demonstration had
taken place and uh-uhm.. the real- the first thought was to take Jimmy
Lee Jackson's body- to put it at the State capital at the foot.. of the-
of the capital, and at the feet of George Wallace- and he had been
killed by a State Trooper. Then it was sort of amended so that we would
go uh-uh..- that uhm.. we would march from Selma to Montgomery, around
the whole issue of-of the right to vote. Because at the same time,
remember, there was before the United States Congress, this Voting
Rights bill.
Q: You were at the head of the two-by-two aggregation of folk who made
this march.
**Bob Mounts:** Uh hum.
Q: What do you remember?
**Bob Mouts:** Well, uh.. what I remember is that people from all over
the black belt, had come to Brown Chapel Church, to march, from Selma to
Montgomery. Uhm.. Dr. King was not there that Sunday, but people had-had
come with knapsacks and shopping bags and uh-uh.. sleeping bags, to go-
to march to Selma to Montgomery, again. Dr. King again was not present.
Jose Williams ...
\#### End of CD 14 \####
| en |
markdown | 310974 | # Presentation: 310974
## How To Apply For Grants using Grants.gov
**Office of Departmental Grants Management and Oversight**
**U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development**
**March 2005**
## HUD eGrants Update for Grantees
## HUD & Grants.gov FY 2005
**HUD moves to electronic submission of Grant Applications for Competitive programs**
**(Only exception Continuum of Care)**
## Slide 4
## Download Application Viewer
**What You Need for the viewer**
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## Download Application Viewer
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## Download Application Viewer
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## Register with Central Contractor Registry
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## Register with Central Contractor Registry
- **You must be registered with the Central Contractor Registry (CCR) before you can submit a grant application through Grants.gov. **
**You may register for the CCR by calling the CCR Assistance Center at 1-888-227-2423 or you may register online at ****www.ccr.gov****. **
**To make the process easier, we suggest that you download CCR’s Registration Worksheet and complete it prior to registering.**
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**Notes:**
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Be sure to complete the Marketing Partner ID ( MPIN) and Electronic Business Primary Point of Contact fields during the CCR registration process. These are mandatory fields that are required when submitting grant applications through Grants.gov.
## Slide 13
**Notes:**
This is what the actual website looks like.
## Register with Credential Provider
- **In order to safeguard the security of your electronic information, Grants.gov utilizes E-Authentication – the Federal program that ensures secure transactions**
**E-Authentication defines the level of trust or trustworthiness of the parties involved in a transaction through the use of Credential Providers. It is the process of determining with certainty that someone really is who they claim to be.**
## Register with Credential Provider
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**Once you are registered, you will have received an ID and password to have your grant application forwarded to the appropriate government agency safely and securely.**
## Slide 16
## Slide 17
## Register with Grants.gov
**As a Role Manager, you will be able to designate who from your organization can be an AOR. *****(Note that this functionality is not available during the pilot.)***
**As an AOR, you will be authorized to submit grant applications through Grants.gov on behalf of your organization.**
## Slide 19
## There are multiple ways you can find opportunities
Email notification (Fed Grants)
Grants.gov website
HUD’s website
**Email notification (Fed Grants)**
**Grants.gov website**
**HUD’s website**
## Email Notification Process
## Slide 22
**Notes:**
Or your can retrieve the Notification by clicking on the link provide in the email.
## Slide 23
## Slide 24
**Notes:**
Once you click on Grant, you will be given this page, which is a synopsis of the Funding Opportunity being announced. This page contains information that become useful to you before going to the Grants.gov website. If gives you the FR Number, date opportunity posted, due date, funding instrument, CFDA Number, Eligible applicants, Agency name, description of announcement,
## Slide 25
**Notes:**
Agency name, description of the announcement, Link to Full Announcement and contact name and number.
Two other links “register to receive notification” and “apply for grant electronically”
## Slide 26
**Notes:**
Grants.gov allows organizations to electronically find and apply for competitive grant opportunities from all 26 Federal grant making agencies. It is the SINGLE access point for over 900 grant programs offered by the 26 Federal grant-making agencies.
**Notes:**
The CFDA number, FO number or the FO competition ID can be retrieved from the email notification you received or by doing the search procedures
## Slide 30
## Slide 31
## Slide 32
## Slide 33
## Slide 34
## Slide 35
## Grants.gov Search
## Slide 37
**Notes:**
To perform a full text search for a grant, complete the "Full Text Search" field and click the "Search" button. Access Search Tips for helpful search strategies.
You can also perform a search by completing one or more of the additional fields and clicking the "Start Search" button at the bottom of the screen. Once you find an opportunity for which you wish to apply, you will need to record the Funding Opportunity number or CFDA number and enter it manually on the Download Application Packages screen in the Apply for Grants section of this site.
## HUD’s website
## Slide 40
## Slide 41
## Slide 42
## Slide 43
## Slide 44
## Helpful Reminders
**When using the electronic application you must download the PureEdge****TM ****Reader.**
**Toggle on-line help tips on the PureEdge****TM **** forms by clicking on the button with the arrow and question mark at the top of the form.**
**See the demonstration at**** ****http://www.grants.gov/AO/Application_Package.swf**
## Helpful Reminders
**Important that you read ****BOTH**** the General Section and the Program Section**
**Submission Requirements have substantially changed**
## Electronic Application Helpful Reminders
**You must be registered at Grants.gov to submit an application **
**Application Submission**
**You can create zip file **
**You can scan documents and attach the document file(s) to your application. You should zip all attachments.**
**You can fax documents using HUD 96011, Facsimile Transmittal Form which contains embedded ID to allow HUD to associate the faxed document to your electronic application.**
## Electronic Application Helpful Reminders
**Electronic application submission is mandatory for all programs *****except***** the Continuum of Care.**
**Electronic applications must be submitted and received by Grants.gov no later than 11:59:59 p.m. Eastern Time on the submission date.**
## Electronic Application Helpful Reminders
**Submit your electronic application when the Grants.gov Support Desk is open. **
**Allow time for electronic submissions to reach Grants.gov. Be patient, large applications take time.**
**Grants.gov sends a confirmation of receipt when your transmission has been received by Grants.gov.**
## Application Submission
**Applicants that request and receive a waiver of the electronic submission requirement can submit a paper copy application to HUD. **
**Waiver request must be submitted to the address provided in Appendix C of the General Section**
**Waiver requests must be received in writing no later than 30 days prior to the submission date.**
**HUD regulations at 24 CFR 5.110 permit waivers of regulatory requirements to be granted for cause.**** **
## Application Submission
**Paper applications which receive a waiver to the electronic application requirement must be submitted to the ****United States Postal Service**** by 11:59:59 p.m. on the submission date and received by HUD no later than 15 days after the submission date.**
**Appendix C of the General Section identifies the number of copies and address where paper copies should be submitted**
## Other Helpful Hints
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**Policy priority points will not be assigned without the required documentation or URL citation.**
## Other Helpful Hints
**Energy Star is a new policy priority for 2005. ****The following programs contain policy priority points for Participation in Energy Star in implementing program activities:**
**Assisted Living Conversion Program (ALCP)**
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## Other Helpful Hints
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**Resident Opportunity and Self-Sufficiency Program**
** ****– ****Resident Service Delivery Model – Elderly and Persons with Disabilities**
** **** – ****Resident Service Delivery Model- Family**
** ****– ****Homeownership Supportive Services**
## Other Helpful Hints
**Programs Featuring Energy Star**** ****(Continued)**
**Rural Housing and Economic Development**
**Section 202 Supportive housing for the Elderly**
**Section 811 Supportive Housing for Persons With Disabilities**
**Youthbuild**
## Helpful References
**Grants.gov Support Desk**
** ****– ****1-800-518-GRANTS**
** ****– ****Support@Grants.gov**
**Help Desk Hours**
** ****7:00 AM to 9:00 PM Eastern Time, Monday to Friday, except Federal Holidays**
## Helpful References
**HUD NOFA Information Center**
** ****–****Phone Numbers:**
** **** ****1-800-HUD 8929**
** **** ****1-800-HUD- 2209 (TTY)**
**NOFA Information Center Hours:**
** ****10:00 AM –6:30 PM Eastern Time, Monday to Friday, Except Federal Holidays** | en |
converted_docs | 003613 | A Product Life Cycle Information Management System Infrastructure with
CAD/CAE/CAM, Task Automation, and Intelligent Support Capabilities[^1]
Harold P. Frisch
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
**Abstract.** NASA is not unique in its quest for a product development
cycle that is better, faster, and cheaper. Major advances in technical
information management will be required to achieve significant and
obvious process improvement goals. A vision of order for the associated
systems of unstructured and unconnected files and databases is the first
step towards organization. This is provided by examining the basic
nature of technical information, item relationships, change and
knowledge processing demands to be placed on any management system that
supports all aspects of data representation and exchange during the
product\'s full propose, design, develop and deploy life cycle. An
infrastructure that partitions product technical information relative to
the perspectives of creation time phase, type and the cause of change
provides sufficient structure. This enables maximal use of existing
CAD/CAE/CAM/... software tool systems and digital library data mining
capabilities. Introducing the concept of packaging technical information
in a machine interpretable manner, at key life cycle deliverable and
product review milestone points, provides the fastener needed for the
attachment of the relevant soft computing and intelligent support
capabilities discussed at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Soft
Computing and reported elsewhere within this volume. It also provides
the basis upon which task automation capabilities can evolve.
# Partitioning Technical Information
Technical information evolves in 3 stages:
- Computation with metaphors: This is the product creation process.
Within an organization it takes place within the domain of social
communication. In reference \[1\] evidence is presented to suggest
that both communication and understanding in a social environment is
carried out via metaphors. If these arguments are accepted it
follows that the project creation process is effectively a
metaphorical feedback process that stabilizes around a fuzzy, word,
definition of the product.
- Computation with words: This is rarely done, in a strict
mathematical sense. However, it is argued within the conclusions of
Zadeh\'s 1996 paper, reference \[9\], that "computing with words is
likely to emerge as a major field in its own right. ...there is much
to be gained by exploiting the tolerance for imprecision." To
compute with words, selected design parameters are assigned
linguistic rather than numeric measures. These fuzzy word
descriptors form the natural connective linkage between metaphoric
and numeric product data representations. Computing with words
within this interface domain enables imprecision and the tolerance
for imprecision to be exploited. The associated first order
sensitivity and design trade-off studies accomplished with fuzzy
words provides deep design insight and has the potential of
providing early design value checks.
- Computation with numbers: This spans the complete, business as
usual, womb-to-tomb spectrum of CA*x*[^2] software tool
capabilities.
A vision of order within the complexity of a universe of discourse is
the essential first step toward the development of an infrastructure.
The most natural approach to ordering life cycle technical information
is to partition it relative to the perspectives of time and type.
- Reference \[5\] details the NASA spacecraft system engineering
process. By placing this work in a more generic setting, it is
reasonable to suggest that a product\'s life cycle can be
partitioned into 4 time phases:
1. Propose the product: Develop a product proposal which maximizes the
ability to satisfy a set of broadly stated mission goals while
minimizing life cycle system costs.
2. Design the product: Define product\'s mission, its operational
support system, establish and refine a baseline design,
3. Develop the product: Establish final design, fabricate subsystems,
integrate them into the system, test, validate, verify and establish
mission support infrastructure.
4. Deploy the product: Prepare and deploy the product, verify its
operation, carry out mission objectives and dispose of product at
mission end of life.
- Technical information may be partitioned into 4 type categories:
1. Unstructured collections of reports. These may be formal or
informal. They are essentially text but contain a generous mix of
graphics, tables, figures and equations.
2. Drawings and schematics from many CAD software systems.
3. Input/output data files from many CAE and CAM software system.
4. Technical data packages: These are focused collections of structured
technical information. For example:
- Specifications & requirements for product and subsystems,
- Plans & procedures for product and subsystems,
- Baseline system & subsystem descriptions,
- System \\& subsystem reviews,
- Test plans, procedures and results,
- Subsystem interface integration standards,
- Interface control documents,
- Subsystem function modeling reports.
Unstructured reports are best collected within digital libraries
which have extensive data mining capability, see reference \[4\]
These enable complex queries to be launched with query results
returned to the user as images of the identified pages on their
desktop computer screen. Cut and paste tools enable timely
information reuse, without transcription error. Query tools which
simply do key word searches and return a list of reports that
contain the key words are totally inadequate; this is not data
mining.
CA*x* drawings, schematics, and input/output data files come from
many different software systems. These systems usually provide an
extensive range of options for viewing and databasing. Furthermore,
user groups usually have a full range of legacy and proprietary post
processing, viewing, databasing and data reformating tools for
moving detailed modeling data between major CA*x* software
systems[^3]^,^[^4] Supporting the full range of associated data
representation and exchange problems are several STEP[^5] standard
projects in America, Europe and
Asia[^6]^,^[^7]^,^[^8]^,^[^9]^,^[^10] .
The author strongly supports these efforts to enhance data communication
between software systems, at the detailed modeling level. However, it is
the author\'s opinion that managing the contents of technical data
packages, with their formally defined views of system, subsystem,
interface and function is the true door to major life cycle cost saving
potential. Task automation, software reuse, shortening and focusing
review meetings, corporate knowledge capture, infusion and reuse are all
possible with today\'s state of the art in computational science and
soft computing[^11]^,^[^12].
## Accommodating Information Relationships
Technical information accumulated over a product\'s life cycle can be
viewed as an aggregation of information items linked together through a
complex network of soft, fuzzy and crisp relationships.
The organizational group with the best knowledge of these relationships,
the ability to avoid their rediscovery, to innovatively use them for
system analysis and process automation will successfully meet the
significant and obvious process improvement goals of "better, faster,
cheaper."
It is easy to get lost within the microscopic views of subsystems and
the details of their associated theory, modeling data and computational
support systems. It is therefore important to view relationships from
the macroscopic perspective that is captured within the technical data
packages associated with reviews and summary reports.
Relationships between items of information within and across technical
data packages can be categorized as:
- First principle relations. These are dictated by the product\'s
configuration and the laws of nature. These cannot be violated under
any circumstances. These range from trivial; e.g., product mass
shall be a positive real number, to exceedingly complex dynamic
cross coupling relations within a multidisciplinary system model.
- Standards. These are dictated by international, national and
corporate standards setting organizations. They are crisp and their
violation normally requires detail support analysis and an extensive
approval cycle.
- Best practices, corporate knowledge and lessons learned. These
relationships are inherently fuzzy. The machine interpretable
representation of this knowledge and its utilization requires the
instantiation of knowledge expressions with linguistic measures and
evaluation via computation with words, see reference \[9\].
- Design tradeoffs. These attempt to minimize cost while maximizing
performance. They are a mix of crisp, fuzzy, probabilistic, random,
etc. relationships that are difficult to define and computationally
evaluate.
## Accommodating Information Change
Product technical information is dynamic. Fundamental to its life cycle
accumulation is "change". If knowledge is to be linked with information
then change too must be categorized. This can be done relative to the
perspective of its "cause". The following 4 causes of change are
considered:
- Evolutionary change: This is associated with the normal course of
events during the product\'s propose, design, develop and deploy
life cycle process. Evolutionary changes are discontinuous and
distributed across the system. Normally these are collected at
irregular time intervals and released as a configuration data
update. The update is effectively time tagged by version number.
Versioning tracks change while allowing users to have a fixed
baseline reference model over programmatically convenient time
periods. To support the "version release" process, an intelligent
support system can be used to check for relationship violations
between design parameters.
- Design change: This is introduced to improve product performance or
to solve a problem uncovered during design analysis, testing or
operation. There are lessons learned, design change rationale and
other items of information important to manage for future reference
and reuse.
- Dependency change: Design parameter dependencies transition from a
state of softness, during initial trade studies, to a state of
crispness as the life cycle matures. If one attempts to model this
change as a continuous process one loses the ability to associate
dependency change with an associated life cycle time phase and
technical data package contents.
Dependency within and across data packages evolves as follows:
1. Design parameters start from a single point expert\'s best estimate
and end as the output of a complex sequence of computational,
logical and fuzzy reasoning procedures. From this perspective,
definitions of design parameter attributes remain fixed but their
instantiation source changes.
2. Attempts to minimize cost while maximizing function involve a
complex intertwined mix of physics, mission viability and
performance tradeoff considerations. From this perspective, design
parameter dependencies transition from a mix of soft and crisp
dependencies during product proposal preparation and design, to a
set of crisp dependencies during product development and deployment.
- Knowledge change: Design rules, best practices, corporate knowledge
and other items of knowledge base type information are usually
linked to phases in the life cycle process. As the process matures
higher fidelity knowledge constructs become relevant and must be
introduced into the intelligent support system. Once articulated in
clear text and translated into a machine readable format
computational intelligence can be used to initiate the actions which
provide intelligent support. This is not an easy task, since
knowledge is usually derived from an expert. While the expert
instinctively provides accurate and timely evaluations via mental
computation with metaphors; they find that the articulation of these
metaphors into fuzzy words, relations, constraints and numerics is
extremely difficult.
## Using STEP To Model Information
The ability to model information in a machine parsable format provides
the fastener necessary to attach intelligent support and a variety of
soft computing capabilities to a technical information management
system. The EXPRESS information modeling language provides the bridge
between the clear text representation of information and its machine
interpretable representation. The EXPRESS language is an international
standard and it is a Part of the ISO 10303 STEP standards for Product
Data Representation and Exchange[^13]
It is assumed that a clear text definition of information to be
collected within technical data packages can be developed. If this can
be obtained then the associated information can be modeled via EXPRESS
and presented as a "technical data package" in a STEP compatible
manner[^14]. The technical information component associated with change
can also be presented in a STEP compatible manner[^15].
The most difficult aspect of the technical data packaging problem is to
develop a textural definition which is clear, unambiguous, complete and
nonredundant. Unaided, this is a near impossible task. The language
EXPRESS was specifically designed to aid this task. Once information is
translated from a clear text definition into the machine readable
language EXPRESS, the EXPRESS source code is compiled. The compiler
returns an error list of ambiguities, incompleteness and redundancies.
This list is then used to both adjust the textural definition and the
EXPRESS source code. This feedback process implies that clear text
development and its EXPRESS translation is an interactive process.
# Information Modeling
The ISO 10303 STEP standards provide the enabling technology needed for
product data representation and exchange. While IGES, the Initial
Graphics Exchange Specification, was developed with the direct need for
human intervention to assure correct translations, STEP is being
developed to be machine to machine processable with no human
intervention. See references \[3\] and \[6\].
STEP provides a representation of product information along with the
necessary mechanisms and definitions to enable product data to be
exchanged among different computer systems and environments associated
with the complete product life cycle process.
STEP uses the formal information modeling language EXPRESS to specify
product information in a computer readable manner. This formal language
enables precision and consistency of representation and facilitates the
development of applications. STEP also uses application protocols (APs)
to represent generic classes of information relevant to broad
application areas.
The overall objective of STEP is to provide a mechanism that is capable
of describing product data throughout the life cycle, independent from
any particular system. The nature of this description makes it suitable
not only for neutral file exchange, but also as a basis for implementing
and sharing product data bases and archiving. The ultimate goal is an
integrated product information database that is accessible and useful to
all the resources necessary to support a product over its life cycle.
## EXPRESS -- Language for Information Modeling
The language EXPRESS (ISO 10303 Part 11) is the international standard
language for information modeling. EXPRESS is a data-specification
language as defined in ISO 10303 Part 1: Overview and Fundamental
Principles. It consists of language elements which allow an
unambiguous-object definition and specification of constraints on the
objects defined[^16]. Reference \[7\] provides an excellent introduction
to the language with illustrative examples.
Within this language the *schema* contains the information model
relative to a focused universe of discourse. The *entity* defines some
atomic level of information associated with the product within the
universe of discourse and *attributes* provide the properties of the
entity relative to all relevant product views. Context, rules,
relationships, functions and constraints between entities and their
attributes can be defined within and across schemas.
The following is an example of information modeling with EXPRESS:
> SCHEMA car_trace;
>
> ENTITY history;
>
> item : car;
>
> transfers : LIST \[0:?\] OF transfer;
>
> END_ENTITY;
>
> ENTITY transfer;
>
> item : car;
>
> prior : owner;
>
> new : owner;
>
> on : date;
>
> INVERSE
>
> must_be_in_history : history FOR transfers;
>
> END_ENTITY;
>
> ENTITY car;
>
> model_type : car_model
>
> made_by : manufacture;
>
> mnfg_no : STRING;
>
> registration_no : STRING;
>
> production_year : date;
>
> UNIQUE
>
> joint : made_by, mfg_no;
>
> single : registration_no;
>
> END_ENTITY;
>
> ENTITY car_model;
>
> name : STRING;
>
> made_by : manufacture;
>
> consumption : REAL;
>
> END_ENTITY;
>
> ENTITY date;
>
> day : INTEGER;
>
> month : INTEGER;
>
> year : INTEGER;
>
> WHERE
>
> days_ok :
>
> {1 \<= day \<= 31};
>
> months_ok :
>
> {1 \<= month \<= 12};
>
> year_ok :
>
> year \> 0;
>
> date_ok :
>
> valid_date(SELF);
>
> END_SCHEMA;
The above example illustrates the definition of entities, attributes and
associated constraints. It is part of a model for the process of
tracking automobile registration. The *entity* **history** provides the
arbitrary length transfer *list*. The *entity* **transfer** defines
exactly what information is recorded with each change of ownership. The
*entity* **car_model** defines car model information. The *entity*
**car** defines exactly what information is recorded for each car.
Within the *entity* **car** two uniqueness constraints must be
satisfied, registration numbers must be unique and manufacture number
per manufacturer must be unique. The *entity* **date** has constraints
on day, month, year integer value and also uses the function
*valid_date* (not shown) to check for proper day-month relations and
leap years.
Hopefully this short example provides sufficient inference material for
the reader to develop the suspicion that the language might have
sufficient information modeling capability to form a bridge between a
clear text definition of technical information and a machine readable
translation, that is also human readable.
## Technical Data Packages
One method for collecting information is to design technical data
collection packages that support the life cycle need to gather, review
and distribute design information in a timely manner. A process
enhancement approach is to design the packages to compliment established
documentation delivery requirements and product reviews. The packaged
data provides a particular view of product information at a particular
time point in the life cycle process. ISO 10303 AP 232 -- "Technical
Data Packaging Core Information and Exchange" provides the structure to
package and relate groups of product information so that configuration
controlled exchanges can be achieved. This Application Protocol provides
an information structure that meets the requirements for collecting,
organizing and managing the exchange of a complex set of data files and
databases associated with the technical information being packaged.
## Life Cycle Change Management
Product life cycle *information* management includes the exchange of
product data relative to the identification of a problem and its causes.
Product life cycle *change* management includes the identification of
the reason for change, its cause, the approval and performance of the
resulting changes to the product, and the authorization of corrective
actions to prevent reoccurrence of the anomaly. ISO 10303 AP 208 --
"Life Cycle Management -- Change Process" provides the structure
necessary to support the management of change with the product and its
subsystems.
# Baseline Spacecraft System Definition
Section 1 provides a list of focused information collections that could
be transformed into STEP compatible technical data packages. For any
organization with a well-established product line significantly large
segments of the focused information collections are repeated with each
new product. These repeated segments can be expressed in such a manner
that the information template will satisfy the data recording needs of
all products within the product line.
The output of the NASA spacecraft proposal development phase provides an
illustrative example. The deliverable is a definition of the baseline
system. It is a well structured collection of information developed by
expert teams representing the subsystem design and development groups
shown in Fig. 1. Relative to the needs of the systems engineer this view
of the baseline system is complete and unambiguous. To support this
proposal development process various NASA groups are developing highly
advanced software support systems[^17]^,^[^18]^,^[^19].
Fig. 1. System's engineering view of NASA spacecraft subsystems
Irrespective of proposal development approach the resultant baseline
system is effectively defined by a template of information, the items of
which are referred to as design parameters. During the proposal
development stage this template is instantiated with the best estimates
that the expert teams and intelligent support aids can provide. Once
this phase ends the best estimates are refined by detailed work carried
out within subsystem design and development groups.
Baseline subsystems can also be defined by templates of information and
technical data packages developed for them.
From a technical information management perspective it is important to
note where the information comes and came from and how it was developed.
The system must be able to both identify the initial creator team and
all appropriate links and pointers to instantiation procedures.
Relative to STEP, within the baseline system template, each system
design parameter and all associated elements of information become
EXPRESS entities. Each entity has an associated list of attributes.
These support the viewing needs of the different design and development
groups. As will be shown, additional attributes can be added to support
knowledge infusion
The language EXPRESS defines the information elements of the template
while ISO 10303 AP 232 -- "Technical Data Packaging Core Information and
Exchange" provides the additional structure needed to track the
information creation trail. Who did what, when, why, what were the
results and who approved it?
As the volume of product technical information accumulates the desire to
infuse knowledge and intelligence into the process becomes a necessity.
Database maintenance becomes a more and more difficult process. Data
redundancy, ambiguity and completeness are critical uses requiring
intelligent support aids. Furthermore, if the product is complex,
intelligent aids are desired to support cross department and cross
disciplinary design checking.
## Capturing Intelligence
Intelligence is the capacity to acquire and apply knowledge. During one
of Zadeh\'s NATO/ASI lectures it was suggested that the subject domain
of artificial intelligence is based upon hard computing. That is,
quantitative, precise and formal computation with numbers. It was also
suggested that the subject domain of computational intelligence is based
upon soft computing. That is,qualitative, imprecise and informal
computation with words. Both subjects areas are based upon the
assumption that acquired knowledge can be presented in some machine
readable format.
The author proposes to take one step further into the domain were
acquired knowledge is not machine readable. In this domain knowledge is
in the format of metaphors stored in the minds of product experts. It is
suggest that creative intelligence is based upon computation with
metaphors.
This concept aids in understanding the process and difficulties
associated with acquiring knowledge from experts. The concept implies
that an intelligent support capability must first translate the
metaphors of experts into machine readable constructs of hard
computation numbers and soft computation words. It is not difficult to
be convinced that this is very difficult. One can also be convinced
that, for the foreseeable future, *the creation process will remain in
the minds of the experts*; while*, what is mundane to the expert can be
automated*.
The latter has been proven many times over by the CA*x* software
development
community.
The key to process automation is to make provision for the machine
readable acquisition of all knowledge needed to make tasks within the
product life cycle process "mundane". If the task is mundane to the
expert and if all information needed for its automation is databased;
then, it can be entered into the "task to be automated" queue.
## Knowledge Representation
The dictionary definition of knowledge[^20] goes well beyond what
today\'s technology can hope to represent in a machine readable format.
This contribution bounds "knowledge representation" by the tools and
capabilities available for its instantiation within an information
management system.
To illustrate a method for infusing knowledge into such a system,
consider the need to provide linguistic descriptors to the entity
**car**, defined in Section 2.1, and label them *car_body_condition*,
*car_engine_condition* and *car_classification*. The attributes
*car_body_condition* and *car_engine_condition* are subjective
linguistic measures provided by an inspector. The attribute
*car_classification* is another linguistic measure. It may be provided
directly by an appraiser using the estimates of the inspector or it may
be computationally inferred from the inspector\'s estimates in
combination with other available information such as car model, age,
manufacturer, owner history, etc. Within the insurance industry this is
the claims adjustment process.
The ability to automate the instantiation of the attribute
*car_classification* requires an ability to reason in the face of
uncertain information. This capability is based upon the use of fuzzy
sets, possibility theory and approximate reasoning as outlined in
references \[2\] and \[8\]. It requires an ability to aggregate fuzzy
subsets and to use fuzzy sets to constraint variables.
The knowledge representation problem reduces to the need to supply all
information needed for the operations of fuzzy set aggregation and for
the statement of propositions. The following definitions for fuzzy sets
and propositions are used.
- Assume X is a set serving as the universe of discourse. A **fuzzy
subset** A of X is associated with a characteristic function $m_{A}$
such that
$m_{A}:C \rightarrow \lbrack 0,1\rbrack$ (1)
In the framework of fuzzy set theory the characteristic function is
generally called the **membership function** associated with the fuzzy
subset A. This terminology stresses the idea that a fuzzy set is defined
by the pair of points x and $m_{A}$(x). For every value of x within the
universe of discourse X there is a different degree of belonging to the
fuzzy set A. The degree of belonging is defined by
$0\text{<=}m_{A}\text{<=}1$.
The following EXPRESS code captures this definition of fuzzy subsets and
membership functions within the context of the above example:
> ENTITY car_condition_set;
>
> SUPERTYPE OF (ONEOF(trash, poor, fair, average, good, very_good,
> mint));
>
> universe_of_discourse : car;
>
> constraint_type : constraint_types;
>
> END_ENTITY;
>
> ENTITY trash;
>
> SUBTYPE OF (car_condition_set);
>
> membership : membership_function;
>
> END_ENTITY;
>
> etc.
>
> ENTITY car_class_set;
>
> SUPERTYPE OF (ONEOF(junker, budget, economy, mid_range, family_range,
> deluxe, luxury));
>
> universe_of_discourse : car;
>
> constraint_type : constraint_types;
>
> END_ENTITY;
>
> ENTITY junker;
>
> SUBTYPE OF (car_class_set);
>
> membership : membership_function;
>
> END_ENTITY;
>
> etc.
>
> ENTITY membership_function;
>
> graph : LIST(0:?) x_mu_coordinate;
>
> END_ENTITY;
>
> ENTITY x_mu_coordinate;
>
> x_coordinate : REAL;
>
> mu_coordinate : REAL;
>
> WHERE
>
> 0.0 \<= mu_coordinate \<= 1.0;
>
> END_ENTITY;
>
> In the above code the entities *car_condition_set* and *car_class_set*
> are supertypes. Their attributes *universe_of_discourse* and
> *constraint_type* are inherited by each of their respective subtypes.
> The subtype entities trash, poor, \... and junker, budget, \... are
> the fuzzy subsets of the universe of discourse. Each will have a
> membership function. The membership function is not inherited since it
> will be different for each fuzzy subset within the universe of
> discourse.
>
> The entity **membership_function** provides an example of how the
> EXPRESS language enforces consistency. The EXPRESS specification
> requires that the function be databased as linear segments connecting
> the listed set of points. The entity **x_mu_coordinate** defines the
> point $\left\lbrack x,m(x) \right\rbrack$ as a real number pair and
> bounds $m(x)$within the interval \[0,1\]. If users wish to communicate
> to the database using other functional formats "user friendlies" must
> be provided. These are written using the programming objects that can
> be derived from the EXPRESS specification. This enables views to be
> tailored to in-house corporate preferences, while leaving the database
> untouched and readable by foreign groups having access to the EXPRESS
> specification.
- A proposition in a natural language is viewed as a network of fuzzy
constraints. Upon aggregation, the constraints which are embodied in
the proposition result in an overall fuzzy constraint which can be
represented as an expression of the form
X *is* R (2)
where R is a constraining fuzzy relation and X is the constrained
variable. The generalized constraint is represented as
X *isr* R (3)
> where "isr" is a variable which defines the way in which R constrains
> X, see reference \[9\]. The "isr" variables identify constraint
> relation type. This information is required for the operations of
> fuzzy subset aggregation. The associated keywords are identified via
> the semantic construct *constraint_types* defined by the TYPEing
> operator of EXPRESS.
>
> The following EXPRESS code captures this generalized definition of
> constraint type by providing an enumerated list of allowable
> constraint relation types:
>
> TYPE constraint_types = ENUMERATION OF
>
> (equal, possibilistic, conjunctive,
>
> probabilistic, usuality, random_set,
>
> random_fuzzy_set, fuzzy_graph,
>
> rough_set);
>
> END_TYPE;
## EXPRESS -- Not a Computing Language
The language EXPRESS is not a computing language. It effectively
provides the template for information to be stored within an object
oriented database. Within this context knowledge representation via the
statement of propositions is accomplished during database instantiation.
The following EXPRESS code provides the necessary template for car
condition and appraisal knowledge representation. It uses the above
EXPRESS definitions for fuzzy subsets and adds 3 new attributes to the
attribute list of the entity
> ENTITY car;
>
> model_type : car_model
>
> made_by : manufacture;
>
> mnfg_no : STRING;
>
> registration_no : STRING;
>
> production_year : owner;
>
> car_body_condition : car_condition_set;
>
> car_engine_condition : car_condition_set;
>
> car_classification : car_class_set;
>
> UNIQUE
>
> joint : made_by, mfg_no;
>
> single : registration_no;
>
> END_ENTITY;
The entity **car** now contains three linguistic variables that may be
instantiated with the fuzzy subsets identified in the respective
"SUPERTYPE OF" lists of the entities **car_condition_set** and
**car_class_set**. The associated database instantiation process is the
proposition statement process.
It important to note that EXPRESS provides for the modeling of
information. How it is to be used is of no concern to EXPRESS. In this
example, the attribute *car_classification* may be provided directly by
an appraiser or it may be derived via the fuzzy inference techniques
associated with the theory of approximate reasoning.
## Link to Soft Computing
The introduction of linguistic variables to an entity\'s attribute list,
with an enumerated list of associated fuzzy set names, provides the
necessary link to the realm of soft computing. Entities which must be
viewed from several perspectives (mass, temperature, size, \...) will
have several associated linguistic variable descriptors.
Attribute instantiation is the first problem. In many situations these
are simply estimated via expert experience. In other situations a body
of information exists which will allow the techniques of fuzzy cluster
analysis to be applied to the attribute instantiation process.
Knowledge representation is the next problem. This is enabled by soft
computing\'s ability to compute with words. Complex IF ... THEN ... word
rules can be set up and evaluated via the theory of approximate
reasoning. This can
- Support the engineering review process by creating a library of the
IF ... THEN ... design rules used by the experts during the review
process. These can be linked with the technical information
management system\'s object oriented database to continuously
perform background disciplinary and cross disciplinary checks on all
baseline system design variables as they are entered into the
system.
- Support the launching of data mining queries to a digital library
for background information to be checked when certain design
conditions are encountered. For example, when design parameters near
a past region of anomalous or reduced performance.
- Support the product proposal creation and design process by
linguistic sensitivity analysis. This analysis yields the allowable
linguistic ranges for design parameter variation. This knowledge can
complement and add insight into the results obtained by traditional,
numerical, sensitivity analysis.
- Automate the checking for standards, best practices and lessons
learned violation.
## Computing with Words for Design Insight
In a metaphoric sense, consider the rectangular matrix equation
$\lbrack A\rbrack\left\{ x \right\} \leq \left\{ b \right\}$ (4)
were {x} contains numeric measures of design parameters, and {b}
contains numeric measures for design requirements, cost and performance
objectives. The rectangular matrix \[A\] captures all design parameter
dependencies associated with the physical and natural laws associated
with modeling product requirements, cost and performance. The design
process attempts to find an optimal solution to {x} relative to the
measures contained in {b}. Of course the actual design process is more
complex and carried out differently; but, this is its metaphoric
essence.
Now let the elements of {x} and {b} contain linguistic measures. Matrix
\[A\] still captures all design parameter dependencies however the
operations of summation and multiplication must now be replaced by fuzzy
constraint aggregation and the operators used for generalized constraint
specification, as defined in reference \[9\].
At a metaphoric level, one does not need to understand exactly how
linguistic constraints are defined and aggregated to see that a
powerful, insight rich, capability is evolving in the soft computing
community.
The design equation \[A\]{x}$${b} defines performance, realizability,
manufacturability, etc. The inability to find a linguistic solution for
{x} implies a product design with either a "null" or a single point
solution in design space. This implies that, for the defined mix of
requirements, performance and cost objectives, all possible product
designs will have the fundamental property that they will not be robust
enough to satisfy the desired mix of objectives. The key here is that
the linguistic solution {x} is not a point solution; it is a fuzzy
region in design space. This has much deeper interpretive meaning since
the size of the fuzzy region can be directly associated with design
solution robustness.
Computing with words has the potential for replacing numerical
sensitivity analysis via parameter variation with a one step process
that defines the fuzzy region in which the optimal design solution
exists.
# STEP -- Subsystem Interface Integration
The STEP-SII (Subsystem Interface Integration) project argues that
subsystem interface specifications are technical information and
therefore they too can be presented in a machine readable manner via
EXPRESS. In this format the interface specifications become complete,
unambiguous and nonredundant; a goal that is exceedingly hard to achieve
via traditional textural documentation.
Figure 2 provides a big picture view of the STEP-SII project. The
process starts with a clear text definition of a subsystem\'s interface.
The text of this Interface Control Document (ICD) is then translated
into the EXPRESS language. Once in EXPRESS a variety of commercial
software tools[^21]^,^[^22] are available to provide access to object
oriented databases and objects for use with programming languages such
as C++ and JAVA. The EXPRESS model effectively defines the template for
the technical information to be stored in the database. The next step is
to instantiate the database. To support this, user friendlies are
developed with a software toolbox of graphical user interfaces (GUIs).
The availability of EXPRESS derived objects and GUIs makes this a
straightforward process. In Fig. 2 software linkages S/W 1 and S/W 2
instantiate the database with standards and project specific data. S/W 3
enables data to be requested and S/W 4 enables it to be obtained. Since
the database is object oriented it is possible for the system itself to
request missing items of data. This is done by S/W 5. Engineers use
requested data via "established in-house lines of communication" to do
whatever has to be done to satisfy the data request and deliver it to
the database via S/W 6.
Fig. 2. Subsystem Interface Integration
As this process proceeds there are many "mundane" tasks that must be
done. These are mundane, to the expert, in the sense that what has to be
done is clearly known and all the data needed to do the task is in the
database. When this situation exists the potential for task automation
is high. S/W 7 is the link which provides for task automation. Along
this link data is automatically requested, processed and results placed
into the database. The STEP-SII project intends to demonstrate that this
can be done. The demonstration will use an EXPRESS model of subsystem
characterization data to support a highly focused controls design
analysis problem and a flight software development task[^23].
# Conclusions
An infrastructure for the technical management of information has been
presented. Areas requiring the support of state of the art soft
computing and intelligent support capabilities have been identified.
*Have no illusions*; implementation of the proposed infrastructure will
require commitment, it will be slow and it will be painful. Doing the
necessary computer science should present no major problems. The EXPRESS
translation of technical data packages should become easier after the
first few have been done. The hardest part will be capturing the soft,
crisp and fuzzy dependencies and relationships between the items of
information that define the product. This must be overcome and there
appears to be no easy solution, today. Never-the-less, the author is
convinced that the road to significant and obvious process improvement
goals is the road which takes a system level view while providing
intelligent support and enabling task automation within and across
subsystems.
**References**
1. Peter Brown, M.D., "The Hypnotic Brain, Hypnotherapy and Social
Communication," Yale University Press, 1991
2. Didier Dubois and Henri Prade, "Possibility Theory, An Approach to
Computerized Processing of Uncertainty, Plenum Press, 1988
3. Julian Fowler, "STEP for Data Management, Exchange and Sharing,"
Technology Appraisals, UK, 1995
4. Jonathan T. Hujsak,"Digital Libraries and Corporate Technology
Reuse," D-Lib Magazine, January 1996,
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/january96/01hujsak.html
5. "NASA Systems Engineering Process for Programs and Projects,"
NASA/JSC, JSC-49040, Oct 1994
6. Jon Owen, "STEP: An Introduction," Information Geometers Ltd., 1993
7. Douglas A. Schenck and Peter R. Wilson, "Information Modeling: The
EXPRESS Way," Oxford University Press, 1994
8. Ronald R Yager and Dimitar P. Filev, "Essentials of Fuzzy Modeling
and Control," John Wiley & Sons, 1994
9. Lotfi A. Zadeh, "Fuzzy Logic = Computing with Words," IEEE
Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, Vol. 4, No. 2, May 1996, pp.
103--111.
[^1]: From: Okyay Kaynak, Lotfi A. Zadeh, Burhan, Imre J. Rudas Edts.,
\"Computational Intelligence: Soft Computing and Fuzzy-Neuro
Integration with Applications\", Springer-Verlag Series F: Computer
and Systems Sciences, Vol 162, 1998.
[^2]: CA*x* = CAD/CAE/CAM...
[^3]: http://skipper2.mar.external.lmco.com/save/index.html -- SAVE
(Simulation Assessment Validation Environment, at Lockheed Martin)
[^4]: http://www.ccad.uiowa.edu/\~infoint/ -- Information Integration
for Simulation-Based Design and Manufacturing at The University of
Iowa
[^5]: Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data
[^6]: http://arioch.gsfc.nasa.gov/nasa\\\_pdewg/nasa\\\_pdewg.html --
NASA Product Data Exchange Working Group
[^7]: http://www.scra.org/uspro/ -- U.S. Product Data Association,
National Product Data Exchange Resource Center
[^8]: http://www.cadlab.tu-berlin.de/\~PDTAG/whois.html -- Product Data
Technology Advisory Group, ESPRIT 9049
[^9]: http://www.univoa.pt/CRI/GR\\\_SSNC/RESEARCH/projsip.html --
SIP-STEP -- based Integration Platform
[^10]: http://www.hike.te.chiba-u.ac.jp/ikeda/documentation/STEP.html --
STEP Home Page, Ikeda Lab. Japan
[^11]: http://mecha.ee.boun.edu.tr/asi.html - NATO Advanced Study
Institute on Soft Computing and its Applications
[^12]: http://http.cs.berkeley.edu/projects/Bisc/bisc.welcome.html -
Home page for BISC (Berkeley Initiative in Soft Computing)
[^13]: http://www.scra.org/uspro//stds/stepage.html -- "STEP on a Page"
[^14]: ISO 10303, Proposed Application Protocol AP-232: Technical Data
Packaging Core Information and Exchange
[^15]: ISO 10303, Proposed Application Protocol AP-208: Life Cycle
Product Change Process
[^16]: ISO 10303 Part 11: EXPRESS Reference Manual
[^17]: http://gsfccost.gsfc.nasa.gov/mio/asset/asset.htm - Advanced
System Synthesis and Evaluation Tool (ASSET)
[^18]: http://pdc.jpl.nasa.gov/ - JPL\'s Project Design Center
[^19]: http://mijuno.larc.nasa.gov/default.html - Design for Competitive
Advantage
[^20]: 1\) the act, fact, or state of knowing; specifically, a)
acquaintance or familiarity (with a fact, place, etc.). b)
awareness. c) understanding. 2) acquaintance with facts; range of
information, awareness, or understanding. 3) all that has been
perceived or grasped by the mind; learning; enlightenment. 4) the
body of facts accumulated by mankind. From: Webster\'s New World
Dictionary of the American Language, 1966.
[^21]: http://www.steptools.com -- STEP Tools Inc. STEP Software for
World-wide Manufacturing
[^22]: http://www.iti-oh.com -- International TechneGroup Incorporated
[^23]: http://skipper2.mar.external.lmco.com/sii/index.html -- The
NASA/GSFC supported STEP-SII (Subsystems Interface Integration)
Project, at Lockheed Martin
| en |
all-txt-docs | 555883 | USGS Digital Spectral Library splib06a
Clark and others 2007, USGS, Data Series 231.
For further information on spectrsocopy, see: http://speclab.cr.usgs.gov
ASCII Spectral Data file contents:
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| vi |
all-txt-docs | 861552 | pshare update procedure -- interim document -- dmc 3 Feb 2002
=============================================================
This document describes how to update the new pshare: the unix-based
TRANSP run production system. It is intended for use at PPPL by those
responsible for the Fusion Collaboratory TRANSP production system.
tshare
======
The pshare account also contains the sources for "tshare" which can be
updated separately from the regular pshare production system. To update
tshare,
- source ~/tshare_setup.csh
- follow the instructions for updating pshare but instead execute the
scripts,
tshare_update_prep
tshare_update_execute
These scripts verify that $TRANSPROOT points to the expected location of
the sources to prevent the accidental update with the wrong environment.
The tshare update will also update the NTCC libraries from xshare.
Step-by-step Instructions.
==========================
0. Verify last night's xshare build had no errors.
1. Logon as "pshare" onto portal. [ for tshare, source ~/tshare_setup.csh]
2. Execute the command:
> pshare_update_prep [ or tshare_update_prep ]
This will verify that the update script is being run on a sunfire, RHEL4 64 bit
machine. It also checks whether the file "~/pshare_update.in_progress" exists.
This file along with "~/tshare_update.in_progress" act as lock files to prevent
the simultaneous update of pshare and tshare as the pbs queues must be held
at the beginning and released at the end of the updates.
It will also post a message to the Fusion Grid Monitor (FGM)
announcing that a "PPPL TRANSP rebuild" is running. Finally it will
SHUT DOWN the TRANSP production queue in such a way that old runs
continue to run, but new runs are prevented from starting.
3. By hand:
> cd $TRANSPROOT # don't use cdroot (it might point to the wrong place)
> pwd # verify you are updating the right cvs sources
> cvs -q update -dPA # update quietly, add directories, prune empties, ignore sticky tags
check and fix conflicts
look for modified files under pshare and 'cvs commit' them
make sure that "pshare" & "xshare" represent the same version of
the TRANSP source code.
> cvs -nq update
4. Execute the command
> pshare_update_execute [ or tshare_update_execute ]
which will do the following:
a) run the makefile generator ("code_daemon nolink").
b) run a code_daemon nolink to check the build, run the code
generators and build the makefiles
c) run a code update ("linkcheck everything") on portal.
if UPDATE_DOMAINS was defined start linking on the
external domains
d) if JCODESYSDIR is defined, build java code and deploy
to /p/beast/java/jcodesys (deployment not done for tshare)
e) when (d) finishes, verify that a core set of executables
exist: {transp, dbtran, pretr, trdat, plabel, mdsplot}.
f) if not all executables are present: exit with error message.
g) if all executables exist:
1) send the note "PPPL TRANSP rebuild completed" to FGM.
2) restart the production queue.
3) delete the lock file ~/p(t)share_update.in_progress
4a. Be patient. With "viz" in UPDATE_DOMAINS the portal process will finish
and show "%linkcheck - normal completion" while waiting for viz to
complete.
5. If (4) was successful, and users' queued runs have been held, these
will all commence when the queue is restarted. Since a new version
of the TRANSP system is now operating, new failures could happen, and
they may show up very quickly, so, be alert.
5b. If (4) was not successful (tested by checking for the executables transp,
dbtran, pretr, trdat, plabel, mdsplot) then the production queue is not
restarted. The pshare distribution must be fixed by hand so that linkcheck
succeeds. When this has been completed execute,
>pshare_update_finish [ or tshare_update_finish ]
to restart the production queue and delete the lock file.
| en |
converted_docs | 329435 | {width="0.8243055555555555in"
height="0.6888888888888889in"} Procurement Notice
National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
Washington, DC 20546
## PN 97-68
> **February 20, 2002**
## LIMITATION ON INCREMENTAL FUNDING AND DEOBLIGATIONS
***BACKGROUND:*** This PN implements changes to the criteria for
incrementally funding contracts and issuing incremental funding
modifications and modifications that deobligate funds. These changes
have been initiated to reduce both the number of contracts eligible to
be incrementally funded and the number of incremental funding and
deobligation modifications.
NASA FAR Supplement 1832.702-70 limited incremental funding of
cost-reimbursement and fixed-price R&D contracts to those with a total
value greater than \$1M, periods of performance that overlap the
succeeding fiscal year, and funds are not available to fund the total
contract value. R&D cost reimbursement contracts only needed to
demonstrate that funds were not available to fund the total contract
value. Fixed price R&D requirements had the additional requirement of
providing at least 50 percent of the total price as the initial funding.
In spite of these restrictions, numerous incremental funding
modifications are being issued against each of the above contracts. The
high number of modifications creates a workload burden for budget and
procurement personnel in the Agency. Accordingly, 1832.702-70 is revised
to include additional restrictions on issuing incremental funding
modifications and modifications that deobligate funds. Section
1832.702-70(a)(1) is revised to specify a threshold of \$500,000 or more
for R&D contracts under which no supplies are deliverable and
1832.702-70(a)(2) is revised to require that the contract period of
performance exceed one year. Section 1832.702-70(a)(4) is added to
require that initial contract funding be \$100,000 or more. A new
paragraph 1832.702-70(d) is added requiring incremental funding
modifications to total at least \$25,000 unless the modification is
being issued to fully fund a contract. Finally, a new paragraph
1832.702-70(e) is added requiring modifications deobligating funds to
total at least \$25,000, except for modifications that close out
contracts.
An editorial change is made throughout Part 1832 to revise the title of
the head of Code H to read Assistant Administrator for Procurement.
***ACQUISITIONS AFFECTED BY CHANGE:*** This PN applies to
cost-reimbursement and fixed-price R&D contracts that may be
incrementally funded, and to incremental funding modifications and
modifications that deobligate funds.
***ACTION REQUIRED BY CONTRACTING OFFICER:***
\(a\) Ensure that cost-reimbursement contracts meet the criteria at
1832.702-70(a)(1)-(4) before being incrementally funded.
\(b\) Ensure that fixed-price R&D contracts meet the criteria at
1832.702-70(c)(1) before being incrementally funded.
\(c\) Ensure that all incremental funding modifications (except those
that fully fund a contract) total at least \$25,000.
\(d\) Ensure that all modifications deobligating funds (except those
that close out a contract) total at least \$25,000.
***CLAUSE CHANGES:*** There are no clause changes as a result of this
PN.
***PARTS AFFECTED:*** Changes are made in Part 1832.
***REPLACEMENT PAGES:*** You may use the enclosed pages to replace Part
1832.
***TYPE OF RULE AND PUBLICATION DATE:*** This PN was published as a
final rule in the Federal Register (67 FR 7618-7619) on February 20,
2002.
***HEADQUARTERS CONTACT:*** Lou Becker, Code HK, (202) 358-4593, e-mail:
lbecker@hq.nasa.gov.
R. Scott Thompson
Director, Contract Management Division
Enclosures
**PART 1832**
# CONTRACT FINANCING
**TABLE OF CONTENTS**
1832.006-2 Definition.
**SUBPART 1832.1 NON-COMMERICAL ITEM PURCHASE FINANCING**
1832.111 Contractor clauses for non-commercial purchases.
1832.111-70 NASA contract clause.
**SUBPART 1832.2 COMMERCIAL ITEM PURCHASE FINANCING**
1832.202-1 Policy.
1832.206 Solicitation provisions and contract clauses.
**SUBPART 1832.4 ADVANCE** **PAYMENTS FOR NON-COMMERCIAL ITEMS**
1832.402 General.
1832.406 Letters of credit.
1832.407 Interest.
1832.409 Contracting officer action.
1832.409-1 Recommendation for approval.
1832.409-170 NASA procedure for approval.
1832.410 Findings, determination, and authorization.
1832.412 Contract clause.
1832.412-70 NASA contract clauses.
**SUBPART 1832.5 PROGRESS** **PAYMENTS** **BASED** **ON COSTS**
1832.501 General.
1832.501-1 Customary progress payment rates.
1832.501-2 Unusual progress payments.
1832.502 Preaward matters.
1832.502-2 Contract finance office clearance.
1832.502-4 Contract clauses.
1832.502-470 NASA contract clause.
1832.503 Postaward matters.
1832.503-5 Administration of progress payments.
1832.504 Subcontracts.
**SUBPART 1832.7 CONTRACT** **FUNDING**
1832.702 Policy.
1832.702-70 NASA policy.
1832.704 Limitation of cost or funds.
1832.704-70 Incrementally funded fixed-price contracts.
1832.705 Contract clauses.
1832.705-2 Clauses for limitation of cost or funds.
1832.705-270 NASA clauses for limitation of cost or funds.
**SUBPART 1832.9 PROMPT PAYMENT**
1832.906 Contract financing payments.
1832.908 Contract clauses.
**SUBPART 1832.10 PERFORMANCE-BASED PAYMENTS**
1832.1001 Policy.
1832.1004 Procedure.
1832.1005 Contract clauses.
1832.1009 Title.
##
## SUBPART 1832.11 ELECTRONIC FUNDS TRANSFER
1832.1110 Solicitation provision and contract clauses.
**PART 1832**
# CONTRACT FINANCING
**1832.006-2 Definition.**
The Assistant Administrator for Procurement is the Agency remedy
coordination official.
**Subpart** **1832.1**\--**Non-Commercial Item Purchase Financing**
**1832.111** **Contract** **clauses for non-commercial purchases.**
**1832.111-70 NASA** **contract** **clause.**
The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.232-79, Payment
for On-Site Preparatory Costs, in solicitations and contracts for
construction on a fixed-price basis when progress payments are
contemplated and pro rata payment of on-site preparatory costs to the
contractor is appropriate.
**Subpart** **1832.2\--Commercial Item Purchase Financing**
**1832.202-1 Policy.**
(b)(6) Advance payment limitations do not apply to expendable launch
vehicle (ELV) service contracts (see 1832.402).
**1832.206 Solicitation provisions and contract clauses.**
(g)(2) The installment payment rate shall be that which is common in the
commercial marketplace for the purchased item. If there is no commonly
used rate, the contracting officer shall determine the appropriate rate.
In no case shall the rate exceed that established in the clause at FAR
52.232-30.
**Subpart** **1832.4\--Advance Payments for Non-Commercial Items**
**1832.402 General.**
(e)(1) The Director of the Headquarters Office of Procurement Contract
Management Division (Code HK) is the approval authority for all advance
payments except the following:
**(A)** The procurement officer is the approval authority for non-fee
bearing contracts with domestic entities when the cumulative contract
value is \$25,000,000 or less, and for all increases to such contracts
over \$25,000,000 previously approved by the Headquarters Office of
Procurement as long as the advance payment amount outstanding at any
time is not increased.
**(B)** The contracting officer is the approval authority for the
following actions. In these cases, a findings and determination (see FAR
32.410) is not required.
***(a)*** Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business
Technology Transfer (STTR) Phase I contracts. A class deviation has been
signed authorizing use of advance payments on these contracts. The
contracting officer shall annotate the contract file that the deviation
is on file at the NASA Headquarters Office of Procurement (Code HK).
***(b)*** Expendable launch vehicle (ELV) service contracts. 42 U.S.C.
2459c authorizes advance payments for these contracts. The contracting
officer shall document the contract file with the rationale for
approving the use of advance payments.
(e)(2) All advance payment authorization requests, except those
authorized by 1832.402(e)(1)(B), shall be coordinated with the
installation Deputy Chief Financial Officer.
**1832.406 Letters of credit.**
(b)(1) Each installation is considered a contracting agency for the
purposes of this requirement.
**1832.407 Interest.**
(d)(1) Advance payments without interest are authorized.
**1832.409 Contracting officer action.**
1. **Recommendation for approval.**
**1832.409-170 NASA procedure for approval.**
In addition to the items listed in FAR 32.409-1, requests for
Headquarters approval of advance payments (see 1832.402(e)(1)) shall
include the following information:
\(a\) Name of the cognizant NASA Headquarters program or staff office;
\(b\) Name and phone number of the contracting officer or negotiator;
\(c\) A copy of the proposed advance payments clause;
\(d\) If a profit/fee is contemplated, the factors considered in
determining the profit/fee (see 1815.404-470);
\(e\) Information justifying the adequacy of security to cover the
maximum advance payment amount at any time outstanding.
**1832.410 Findings, determination, and** **authorization.**
\(b\) Generally, the format in FAR 32.410 should be used, tailored as
follows:
**(i)** In format subparagraph (a)(2), use the phrase \"Advance payments
(in an amount not to exceed \$....\.... at any time outstanding)\" in
all determinations and findings. The phrase means the maximum
unliquidated dollar amount a contractor would need in advance payments
at any point in time for the particular contract. The amount would not
usually be the full contract value. The amount inserted should be based
on an analysis of the contractor\'s financing needs (monthly or other
appropriate period) for the specific contract involved.
**(ii)** In the second sentence of format subparagraph (a)(4), delete
the reference to a special financial institution account if no special
financial institution account is required.
**(iii)** Use format subparagraph (a)(6), not (a)(7) or (a)(8).
**(iv)** At the end of format paragraph (b), use \"is in the public
interest.\"
**(v)** In format paragraph (c), use the phrase "(the amount at any time
outstanding)\" in all determinations and findings.
**1832.412 Contract clause.**
\(e\) The contracting officer shall use Alternates IV and V when advance
payments are
provided on Phase I contracts of the Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) or Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs.
\(f\) See 1832.412(e).
**1832.412-70 NASA contract clauses.**
When the clause at FAR 52.232-12 or its Alternates II or V are used,
insert the clause at 1852.232-70, NASA Modification of FAR 52.232-12.
**Subpart** **1832.5\--Progress Payments** **Based on Costs**
**1832.501 General.**
**1832.501-1 Customary progress payment** **rates.**
\(a\) The customary progress payment rate for all NASA contracts is 85
percent for large business, 90 percent for small business, 95 percent
for small disadvantaged business, and 100 percent for Phase II contracts
in the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business
Technology Transfer (STTR) programs. The contracting officer shall
insert the applicable percentage in paragraphs (a) and (b) of the clause
at FAR 52.232-16.
**1832.501-2 Unusual** **progress** **payments.**
The Director of the Headquarters Office of Procurement Contract
Management Division (Code HK) is the approval authority for the use of
unusual progress payments.
**1832.502 Preaward** **matters.**
**1832.502-2 Contract** **finance** **office** **clearance.**
The Director of the Headquarters Office of Procurement Contract
Management Division (Code HK) is the approval authority for the actions
at FAR 32.502-2, except the Assistant Administrator for Procurement
(Code HK) is the approval authority for any deviations addressed in FAR
32.502-2(b).
**1832.502-4 Contract clauses.**
**1832.502-470 NASA contract clause.**
The contracting officer may insert a clause substantially as stated at
1852.232-82, Submission of Requests for Progress Payments, in
fixed-price solicitations and contracts that provide for progress
payments. The recipient of the requests and number of copies may be
changed as required.
**1832.503 Postaward matters.**
**1832.503-5 Administration of progress payments.**
(c)(i) If the contractor requests it and the contracting officer
approving individual progress payments agrees, the administration of
progress payments may be based on the overall contract agreement. Under
this method, the contractor must include a supporting schedule with each
request for a progress payment. The schedule should identify the costs
applicable to each order.
\(ii\) The contracting officer may treat a group of orders as a single
unit for administration of progress payments if each order in the group
is subject to a uniform liquidation rate and under the jurisdiction of
the same payment office.
**1832.504 Subcontracts.**
\(c\) Unusual progress payments to subcontractors shall be approved in
accordance with 1832.501-2.
**Subpart** **1832.7\--Contract Funding**
**1832.702 Policy.**
**1832.702-70 NASA policy.**
\(a\) Cost-reimbursement contracts may be incrementally funded only if
all the following conditions are met:
\(1\) The total value of the contract (including options as defined in
FAR Subpart 17.2) is\--
\(i\) \$500,000 or more for R&D contracts under which no supplies are
deliverable; or
\(ii\) \$1,000,000 or more for all other contracts.
\(2\) The period of performance exceeds one year.
\(3\) The funds are not available to fund the total contract value fully
at award.
\(4\) Initial funding of the contract is \$100,000 or more.
\(b\) Fixed-price contracts, other than those for research and
development, shall not be incrementally funded.
\(c\) (1) Fixed-price contracts for research and development may be
incrementally funded if the conditions of 1832.702-70(a)(1) through (4)
are met and the initial funding of the contract is at least 50 percent
of the total fixed price.
\(2\) Incrementally funded fixed-price contracts shall be fully funded
as soon as adequate funding becomes available.
\(d\) Except for a modification issued to fully fund a contract,
incremental funding modifications shall not be issued for amounts
totaling less than \$25,000.
\(e\) Except for a modification issued to close out a contract,
modifications deobligating funds shall not be issued for amounts
totaling less than \$25,000.
\(f\) The procurement officer, with the concurrence of the installation
Comptroller, may waive any of the conditions set forth in paragraphs
1832.702-70(a) through (e). The procurement officer shall maintain a
record of all such approvals during the fiscal year.
\(g\) A class deviation from the conditions set forth in paragraphs
1832.702-70(a) through (e) exists to permit incremental funding of
contracts under Phase II of the Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs. This
deviation exists with the understanding that the contracts will be fully
funded when funds become available.
**1832.704 Limitation of cost or funds.**
**1832.704-70 Incrementally funded fixed-price contracts.**
\(a\) Upon receipt of the contractor\'s notice under paragraph (c)(1) of
the clause at 1852.232-77, Limitation of Funds (Fixed-Price Contract),
the contracting officer shall promptly provide written notice to the
contractor that the Government is \--
\(1\) Allotting additional funds in a specified amount for continued
performance;
\(2\) Terminating the contract; or
\(3\) Considering whether to allot additional funds; and
\(i\) The contractor is entitled to stop work in accordance with
paragraph (b) of the clause at 1852.232-77, Limitation of Funds; and
\(ii\) Any costs expended beyond the amount specified in paragraph (a)
of the clause at 1852.232-77, Limitation of Funds, are incurred at the
contractor\'s risk.
\(b\) Upon determining that the contract will receive no further funds,
the contracting officer shall promptly give notice of the Government\'s
decision and terminate for the convenience of the Government.
**1832.705 Contract clauses.**
**1832.705-2 Clauses for limitation of cost or funds.**
**1832.705-270 NASA clauses for** **limitation of cost or funds.**
\(a\) The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.232-77,
Limitation of Funds (Fixed-Price Contract), in solicitations and
contracts for fixed-price incrementally funded research and development.
\(b\) The contracting officer shall insert a clause substantially as
stated at 1852.232-81, Contract Funding, in Section B of solicitations
and contracts containing the clause at FAR 52.232-22, Limitation of
Funds. Insert the amounts of funds available for payment, the items
covered, and the applicable period of performance. The amount obligated
for fee in paragraph (b) of the clause should always be sufficient to
pay fee anticipated to be earned for the work funded by the amount in
paragraph (a) of the clause.
**Subpart** **1832.9\--Prompt Payment**
**1832.906 Contract financing payments.**
\(a\) Except as authorized in 1832.908, it is NASA's policy to make
contract financing payments on the 30^th^ day after the designated
billing office has received a proper request. However, the due date for
making contract financing payments for a specific contract may be
earlier than the 30th day, but not earlier than 7 days, after the
designated billing office has received a proper request, provided that:
**(i)** The contractor provides consideration whose value is determined
to be greater than the cost to the United States Treasury of interest on
funds paid prior to the 30th day, calculated using the Current Value of
Funds Rate published annually in the Federal Register (subject to
quarterly revision);
**(ii)** The contracting officer approves the payment date change, with
the concurrence of the installation Financial Management Officer; and
**(iii)** The contract file includes documentation regarding the value
of the consideration and the analysis determining that value.
**1832.908 Contract clauses.**
(c)(3) When the clause at FAR 52.232-25, Prompt Payment, is used in such
contracts with the Canadian Commercial Corporation (CCC), insert
\"17^th^\" in lieu of \"30^th^\" in paragraphs (a)(1)(i)(A),
(a)(1)(i)(B), and (a)(1)(ii).
**Subpart** **1832.10\--Performance-Based Payments**
**1832.1001 Policy.**
(a)(i) In determining whether performance-based payments are practical
in competitive negotiated acquisitions, the contracting officer should
consider the procedural impacts (e.g., proposal evaluation
complications, longer evaluations, elimination of the potential for
award without discussions, increased proposal information requirements)
and the impact on small business competitiveness.
\(ii\) The contracting officer must obtain approval from the Director of
the Headquarters Office of Procurement Contract Management Division
(Code HK) to use performance-based payments in competitive negotiated
solicitations under \$50M. The request for approval must include an
assessment of the practicality of using performance-based payments, as
well as the proposed performance-based payments evaluation approach (see
1832.1004(e)(1)(ii)).
**1832.1004 Procedures.**
\(a\) See 1815.201(c)(6)(E) for establishing performance bases and
payment terms in competitive negotiated acquisitions.
(e)(1)(ii) Use of the price adjustment evaluation technique may require
obtaining and analyzing proposal information that is normally not
required in NASA firm-fixed-price competitions (see 1815.403-3). When
using performance-based payments in competitive negotiated acquisitions
under \$50 million, contracting officers should consider the use of
alternative evaluation methods, e.g., qualitative evaluation under
Mission Suitability or another appropriate factor.
**1832.1005 Contract clauses.**
\(a\) If the contract is for launch services, the contracting officer
shall delete paragraph (f) of the clause at FAR 52.232-32 in accordance
with 1832.1009.
(b)(2) Contracting officers shall not use Alternate I in competitive
negotiated acquisitions under \$50 million, unless approval has been
obtained to use performance-based payments (see 1832.1001(a)(ii)).
**1832.1009 Title.**
In accordance with 42 U.S.C. 2465d, NASA shall not take title to launch
vehicles under contracts for launch services unless one of the
exceptions in the law applies. However, the law does not eliminate
NASA\'s right to take title to other property acquired or produced by
the contractor under a contract containing a title provision.
## Subpart 1832.11\--Electronic Funds Transfer
**1832.1110 Solicitation provision and contract clauses.**
(a)(1) NASA does not use the Central Contractor Registration. Use the
clause at FAR 52.232-34, Payment by Electronic Funds Transfer\--Other
than Central Contractor Registration.
\(b\) In accordance with FAR 32.1106(b), the use of a nondomestic EFT
mechanism is authorized. When a nondomestic EFT mechanism is used, the
contracting officer shall replace the paragraph at FAR 52.232-34(c) with
a description of the EFT mechanism that will be used for the contract.
\(c\) The payment office shall be the designated office for receipt of
contractor EFT information for all NASA contracts.
| en |
markdown | 320209 | # Presentation: 320209
**David Toll, Hydrological Sciences Branch,**
** ****NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD **_[dave.toll@nasa.gov](mailto:dave.toll@nasa.gov)_
**{Deputy Program Manager Water Management}**
**Lawrence Friedl (NASA-HQ), Jared Entin (NASA HQ),**
** ****Edwin Engman (SAIC), Kristi Arsenault **
**(UMBC-GEST) & Joe Nigro (SSAI)**
** **
***UCOWR/NIWR CONFERENCE***
***Increasing Freshwater Supplies***
***July 18-20, 2006***
*** ***
*Extending the societal and economic benefits of Earth science research, information, and technology**** ...***
**OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE WATER RESOURCES COMMUNITY TO PARTICIPATE IN NASA’S APPLIED SCIENCES PROGRAM**
## Overview
- NASA Earth Science Research & Applications
- NASA Water Management
- Water Management Activities and Examples
- Future Directions & Opportunities
**OVERVIEW**
## Slide 3
## NASA Observing Spacecraft for Earth System Research
## Declining NASA Earth Science Missions
**2005**
**2006**
**2010**
**18**
**15**
**5**
**Declining NASA Earth Science Missions**
## T T TT
- T tt t
- T
- t
- T t
## NASA’s APPLIED SCIENCES PROGRAM
**Public Health**
**Applications of National Priority**
**NASA’s APPLIED SCIENCES PROGRAM**
**12 CORE AREAS**
## NASA Science Program Budget Summary
- Budget Authority in $ Millions
**NASA Science Program Budget Summary**
**83.0**
## Slide 9
## NASA WATER MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES Using NASA Products
- Directed Projects
- - NOAA Weather Model Improvement (Leveraged)
- - NASA & EPA Nonpoint Source Water Quality
- - NASA & Reclamation Water Supply, Demand & Forecast
- • NASA Solicitations
- - NASA & NOAA Water Flood Forecast
- - USGS, JPL & NOAA Drought Monitor
- - West U.S. Seasonal Forecast (U. Wash., USDA & Reclamation)
- - 2 New Projects: Evapotranspiration Using NASA Satellite
- Products
## NASA Land Information System Benchmark of NOAA Eta (Weather Model DST)
- Benchmark conducted on supercomputer to determine impact of NASA LIS (w/ “Noah Land Surface Model) initial land surface conditions (soil moisture & snow)
- _ 20 Control and 60 experimental simulations conducted over May 1-10, 2003 window.
- Forecasts of surface and upper air meteorological fields were validated against observations using NCEP’s Forecast Verification System (FVS)
- Eta model surface forecasts of 2m humidity and temperature were greatly improved, with mixed impacts on precipitation and upper air fields
- Assimilation of MODIS snow cover data into NLDASE system had positive impact on Eta model surface forecasts
**Percent improvement in Eta 2m temperature bias (left) and 2m RH RMSE (right). Warm colors indicate improvements, cool colors degradations decreases.**** **
## Slide 12
## NASA’s Land Information System at NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)
- Prime example of transfer of NASA technology to NOAA
- Currently used in NOAA NCEP’s Global Forecast System (GFS) and Climate Forecast System (CFS) in research mode, with push to operations in future.
- Future expansion at NOAA likely:
**Ongoing NASA-NOAA/NCEP and NASA-NOAA/OHD flood forecasting research projects all utilize NASA’s Land Information System**
**Expanded use of “LIS” within AFWA (with links to NOAA)**
**New NASA-NOAA NLDAS-based drought monitoring project will use LIS**
**Potential NASA-NOAA/OHD flash flood project would use LIS**
**Positive research findings from these research projects may lead to further adoption of LIS by NOAA in operational settings**
| | GFS | CFS |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Period | Jun-15-2005 to present | Jan-01-1980 to Dec-31-2004
(planning to extend to present) |
| LSM | Noah | Noah |
| Horizontal Resolution | T382 (~0.3° global, 1152x576) | T126 (~1° global, 384x192) |
## BASINS-HSPF: Precipitation & Evapotranspiration for Flow
_**BASINS-HSPF:**_ _**Precipitation & Evapotranspiration for Flow**_
- • **Rain Gauges (Default method) not Representative of Precipitation Events **
**•**** ****Satellite/Doppler Spatial Data Compliments Gauge Data**
- = BASINS default
- rain gauges
- = NLDAS
- Stage II
- precipitation
**Chesapeake **
**Bay Watershed**
- Modeled Flow Estimations for NE Anacostia Basin
- Daily Rainfall Comparison (6/1/03-8/31/03)
**NASA-EPA Study to Test NASA Products for Nonpoint Source Water Quality**
## Land Cover: NASA – EPA BASINS NONPOINT SOURCE
_**Land Cover: NASA – EPA BASINS NONPOINT SOURCE**_
**· Land Cover Disturbance from Gypsy Moths and Logging**
**·**** ****Satellite-Derived Measurements (MODIS / Landsat) of Disturbance, Link to Measures of Stream Nitrate Concentration**
**Gypsy Moth Defoliation & Annual Nitrate-N Export**
- Estimated N deposition from gypsy moth defoliation
- Allegany County, MD in 2000 (top) and
- 2001 (bottom) in kg/ha/yr.
- Landsat
- 30m
- (15m)
- MODIS
- 1 km
- (250m)
- Townsend, Univ. of Wisconsin
## Slide 16
## Improved Evapotranspiration Estimates to Aid Water Management Practices in the Rio Grande River Basin
**Assimilate (EnKF) MODIS ****land surface temperature**
- MODIS RR LST for New Mexico
- Kristi Arsenault, Ana C. T. Pinheiro, David Toll, J.Nigro and T. Engman NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterRichard W. Stodt *et al.* U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation
**Improved Evapotranspiration Estimates to Aid Water Management Practices in the Rio Grande River Basin**
- Implementation of EnKF **assimilation system** within LIS CLM2.0;
- Evaluation of forcing **perturbation routine**;
- Evaluation of LIS CLM2.0 LST related **prognostic and diagnostic variables**.
**Current Status**
- (mm)
**AWARDS ET Toolbox Benchmarking**
- Focus on total and component ET, precipitation,
- land surface temperature assimilation, and energy
- budget analysis
- ET Toolbox
- Land Cover
- Noah 2.7
- CLM2
- LIS 1 KM Total ET Sum for April 2004
## (R. Allen, University of Idaho)
**(R. Allen, University of Idaho)**
## NASA-NOAA Flood Forecast Project Overview NOAA/OHD (Restrepo), NASA/MSFC (Limaye), NASA/GSFC (Peters-Lidard)
- MODIS
- Cloud + Snow
- Cover
- AMSR-e Soil
- Moisture
- NASA/GSFC’s
- Land Information
- System (Water
- Availability)
- NWSRFS
- Streamflow
- Forecasts
**Potential Evaporation**
**Observed/Forecast**
## Slide 20
**Earth System Models**
- Land Surface Models:
- Vegetation Drought Response Index
- Satellite Algorithms
**Value & Benefits**
**to Society**
***Quantitative and qualitative benefits from improved decisions***
- Wider dissemination of drought information
- Improved understanding of drought effects at sub-county scale
- Quicker response for State Drought Task Forces and State Governors
- Increased spatial precision in drought emergency designations
- Better informed state and local decision making leading to more effective use of available water and drought relief program resources
**Predictions/Forecasts**
**Observations, Parameters & Products**
**Earth Observations **
- Vegetation/Wetness: MODIS and AVHRR
- Precipitation: Weather Station networks, RADAR observations
- Land Use/Land Cover: Landsat, MODIS
- AMSR – E Radiometer
- QuickSCAT/SeaWinds Radiometer
**Decision Support Systems, Assessments, Management Actions**
** ****National Integrated **** ****Drought Information **** ****System**
**US Drought Monitor**
**Weekly map and narrative**
**NIDIS web portal**
_**Analyses**_
- Early Drought Detection
- Drought Spatial Extent
- Drought State/Drought Severity
_**Decisions / Actions**_
- Drought Plans Activated
- Urban Water Restrictions
- Drought Assistance Programs
- Agricultural Choices for Water Conservation
**NASA Water Management Project USGS, JPL & Others to Support the “National Drought Monitoring System”**
**Information products**
- Vegetation Indices
- MODIS NDVI
- AMSR-E
- Surface Wetness
- - AMSR – E
- - QuickScat
- Phenological Metrics
- Start of Season
- Start of Season Anomaly
- Seasonal Greenness
- Percent of AvgSG
- JPL Scatterometer
- Gridded Rainfall Products
- Calibrated RADAR
- Standardized
- Precipitation Index
## University of Washington Forecast System http://www.hydro.washington.edu
- At UW, started testing hydrologic uses of real-time climate forecasts in 2000, for East Coast
- Started producing water supply forecasts in 2001
- Started testing snow assimilation techniques in 2003
- Launched SW Monitor in 2005
**Notes:**
Another new feature is that we’re now plotting up several analyses of snow observations, and these update on a daily basis. We’ve been automatically downloading the data for a long time for use in our assimilation, and the goal here was to show the west-wide conditions at a single glance, something that’s hard to find elsewhere.
Note, in addition to the NRCS snotel points, we also have the California DWR snow pillows, and the Env. Canada snow pillows in the Columbia R. drainage.
There are about 5 plots – some of which are for changes during the last week or two.
## UW Forecast System: Spatial Products
**SWE**
**Soil Moisture**
**Runoff**
**Precip**
**Temp**
- Apr-06
- May-06
- Jun-06
## Slide 24
## WaterNet: Concept
***Evolve a network of partners: ***identify and analyze partner organizations to define collaboration pathways.
***Routinely identify, prioritize, mine and communicate relevant research products and results.***
***Optimize water cycle partner access*** to research results and products to create a self-sustaining network.
***Analyze and document*** the network effectiveness through metrics, resource estimates and documentation.
***Education and outreach ***is important to help society understand and use the research in every-day application.
**WaterNet:** Concept
## Current and Future Solicitations
**REASoN CAN**** ****(Awards 2003)**** ****Runs FY04-FY09**
**Decisions CAN**** ****(Awards 6/05)**** ****Runs FY06-FY08**** ****3 Water Mgmt **
**ROSES 2005 **** ****(Awards 3/06)**** ****Runs FY06/7-FY09**** ****2 Water Mgmt**
**ROSES 2006**** ****No solicitation planned**
**ROSES 2007 **** ****(Awards 10/07)**** ****Runs FY08-FY10**
**ROSES 2008 **** ****(Awards 10/08)**** ****Runs FY09-FY11**
**ROSES 2009**** ****(Awards 10/09)**** ****Runs FY10-FY12**
**ROSES 2010**** ****(Awards 10/10)**** ****Runs FY11-FY13**
**. . . **
*(ROSES: Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Science)*
**NASA Applied Sciences Program Applications Opportunities**
## Water Management – Top 5 Goals (2006-2010)
**Water Management – Top 5 Goals (2006-2010)**
_**Top 5 Things to Accomplish Over Next 5 Years: **_
**1. Increase Number, Scientific Credibility & User Acceptance of Benchmark Reports**
**2. Strong, Competitive Proposals & Teams, Workshops and NASA Working Group Team**
- - Outreach, program alignment & networking efforts to inform and interact with water management community (UCOWR, AWRA, ASCE, AGU, IGARSS, ACWI, SWAQ, etc.) and to solicit new projects
**3. Models & Future Sensors and Ties to NASA Community**
- - Strong model focus & preparations for future sensors & programs (GPM, NPP, Aquarius, WatER, Soil Moisture, Snow Pack, GRACE Follow-On, etc.). Work with partners to anticipate value of new NASA missions, science results, and data/network systems.
**4. Strengthen Federal Agency Involvement**
- - FY05 BoR, EPA, NOAA-NCEP, USDA-NRCS, SWAQ
- - FY06 NOAA OHD/RFC, USGS, Army, AFWA, Army Corp of Engineers, NASA Centers
- - FY10: Strengthen; State Department & USAID for Int’l Efforts and Solutions Networking.
**5. Extend beyond Federal Agencies and Leverage with Other Groups and Programs **
- - Leverage with other programs GEO, GEWEX, HELP, USGS: WCIP-ACWI, UCOWR, etc.
**Key Issues:** 1) Need for more Integrated Systems Solutions; 2) Consortium of Agencies, Universities, NGOs, and Private Groups Working Together; 3) Characterizing NASA Outputs better for Applications & Away from Lumped to Distributed Modeling; and 4) Demonstrated Ongoing Work and Actual Use of NASA Products.
## Thank You
| en |
converted_docs | 782325 | FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20554
**DA 00-73**
January 28, 2000
Claircom Communications Group, L.P. Cody Wilbanks, Esq.
c/o Tom W. Davidson, Esq. General Counsel
Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & GTE Airfone Incorporated
Field, L.L.P. 2809 Butterfield Road
1333 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W. Box 9000
Suite 400 Oak Brook, Illinois 60521
Washington, D.C. 20036
Mobile Telecommunications Technologies American Skycell Corporation
Corporation c/o Louis Gurman, Esq.
c/o Thomas Gutierrez, Esq. Gurman, Kurtis, Blask & Friedman .
Lukas, McGowan, Nace & Gutierrez 1400 16^th^ Street, N.W.
819 H Street, N.W. Suite 500
7^th^ Floor Washington, D.C. 20036
Washington, D.C. 20006
Dear Sirs:
This is in response to a joint petition for rulemaking you filed on July
22, 1993 and three joint supplemental petitions filed on October 21,
1993, December 22, 1993, and July 18, 1994 (collectively, the
"Petition").[^1] In your Petition, you asked us to initiate a rulemaking
proceeding to amend the geographical reference coordinates of certain
ground station locations set out in former Section 22.1109 of the
Commission's rules.[^2] That section has since been renumbered and is
now 47 C.F.R. § 22.859.[^3] Under Section 22.859, providers of
air-to-ground ("ATG") telephone service must locate their ground
stations within one mile of the reference coordinates listed in Section
22.859.
The Petition specifically requests changes in the reference coordinates
for 11 sites. The original petition for rulemaking seeks amendments to
the reference coordinates for seven sites: Kenner, Louisiana; Nashville,
Tennessee; Bedford, Texas; Kansas City, Missouri; San Jose, California;
Cordova, Alaska; and Sitka, Alaska. The supplemental petitions seek the
same relief for Ketchikan and Yakutat, Alaska; Austin, Texas; and
Pataskala, Ohio.
.
The Petition also states that the requested modifications to Section
22.859: (1) are fully consistent with the one mile collocation rule
because, in every case, the ground stations of all the petitioners have
been constructed within one mile of the proposed new reference
coordinates; (2) will not harm current or future ATG service providers
because none have initiated construction of a ground station that is
located more than one mile from the proposed reference coordinates; (3)
will avoid costly relocations of facilities which do not create
inter-carrier interference but which technically do not currently comply
with the Commission's rules; and (4) will replace reference coordinates
that represent illogical locations with reference coordinates which are
more appropriate for ATG station locations.[^4]
We have examined the requests in your Petition and find that it is in
the public interest to amend Section 22.859 to adopt the geographical
reference coordinates for the 11 sites requested in your Petition. Our
engineering review indicates that a grant of the requested relief will
not cause interference to or violate the rights of any other Commission
licensee. Accordingly, Section 22.859 is amended to incorporate the
geographical reference coordinates for these 11 sites as set forth in
the appendix to this letter.
We also find that good cause exists under Section 1.412(c) of the
Commission's rules to adopt this rule change without prior public notice
and comment because we find such procedures to be unnecessary in this
instance.[^5] All of the parties who would be affected by amending the
geographical reference coordinates were parties to the Petition.
Therefore, we are granting the relief requested without formally seeking
comments from the public. Unless an adverse comment is received
regarding the amendments to Section 22.859 within 30 days after
publication of this letter in the Federal Register, the rule amendments
will become effective on the 31^st^ day after publication in the Federal
Register.[^6]
This action is taken pursuant to the authority delegated to the Chief,
Wireless Telecommunications Bureau, in Section 0.331 of the Commission's
rules.[^7]
> Sincerely,
Thomas J. Sugrue
Chief,
Wireless Telecommunications Bureau
Appendix
##### APPENDIX
### FINAL RULES
#### Chapter 1, Part 22, Subpart G of Title 47 of the Code Federal regulations is amended as follows:
1. **Section 22.859 is revised to change the reference coordinates
and/or channel blocks for Cordova, Alaska, Ketchikan, Alaska, Sitka,
Alaska, Yakutat, Alaska, San Jose, California, Kenner, Louisiana,
Kansas City, Missouri, Pataskala, Ohio, Nashville, Tennessee,
Austin, Texas, and Bedford, Texas as follows:**
**§ 22.859 Geographical channel block layout.**
Except as provided in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, ground
station locations must be within 1.61 kilometers (one mile) of the
locations listed in this paragraph. The channel block allotted for each
location must be used to provide service to airborne mobile stations in
flight and may be used to provide service to airborne mobile stations on
ground.
Channel
[Location]{.underline} [N. Latitude]{.underline} [W.
Longitude]{.underline} [Block]{.underline}
ALASKA
Anchorage 6111\'06\" 14954\'42\" 8
Cordova 6029\'40\" 14528\'10\" 5
Ketchikan 5521\'11\" 13142\'33\" 5
Juneau 5821\'18\" 13434\'30\" 4
Sitka 5703\'04\" 13520\'17\" 7
Yakutat 5932\'23\" 139\'04\" 2
ALABAMA
Birmingham 3323\'24\" 8639\'59\" 2
ARIZONA
Phoenix 3335\'39\" 11205\'12\" 4
Winslow 3501\'17\" 11043\'02\" 6
ARKANSAS
Pine Bluff 3410\'56\" 9156\'18\" 8
CALIFORNIA
Blythe 3336\'39\" 11442\'24\" 10
Eureka 4042\'59\" 12412\'09\" 8
Los Angeles 3356\'45\" 11823\'03\" 4
Oakland 3751\'12\" 12212\'30\" 1
San Francisco 3741\'15\" 12226\'01\" 6
San Jose............................... 37°20\'56\"............\...
121°53\'57\"........................5
Visalia 3619\'36\" 11923\'22\" 7
COLORADO
Colorado Springs 3844\'39\" 10451\'46\" 8
Denver 3946\'45\" 10450\'49\" 1
Hayden 4029\'04\" 10713\'08\" 6
FLORIDA
Miami 2548\'27\" 8016\'30\" 4
Orlando 2826\'53\" 8122\'00\" 2
Tallahassee 3024\'02\" 8421\'18\" 7
GEORGIA
Atlanta 3339\'05\" 8425\'54\" 5
St. Simons Island 3109\'22\" 8123\'14\" 6
HAWAII
Mauna Kapu 2124\'24\" 15806\'02\" 5
IDAHO
Blackfoot 4311\'34\" 11220\'57\" 8
Caldwell 4338\'45\" 11638\'44\" 10
ILLINOIS
Chicago 4146\'49\" 8745\'20\" 3
Kewanee 4112\'05\" 8957\'33\" 5
Schiller Park 4157\'18\" 8752\'57\" 2
INDIANA
Fort Wayne 4059\'16\" 8511\'31\" 7
IOWA
Des Moines 4131\'58\" 9338\'54\" 1
KANSAS
Garden City 3759\'35\" 10054\'04\" 3
Wichita 3737\'24\" 9727\'15\" 7
KENTUCKY
Fairdale 3804\'48\" 8547\'33\" 6
LOUISIANA
Kenner 3000\'27\" 9013\'49\" 3
Shreveport 3227\'09\" 9349\'38\" 5
MASSACHUSETTS
Boston 4223\'15\" 7101\'03\" 7
MICHIGAN
Bellville 4212\'17\" 8329\'09\" 8
Flint 4258\'21\" 8344\'22\" 9
Sault Saint Marie 4628\'45\" 8421\'31\" 6
MINNESOTA
Bloomington 4451\'30\" 9313\'19\" 9
MISSISSIPPI
Meridian 3219\'10\" 8841\'33\" 9
MISSOURI
Kansas City 3918\'13\" 9441\'04\" 6
St. Louis 3842\'45\" 9019\'19\" 4
Springfield 3714\'28\" 9322\'54\" 9
MONTANA
Lewistown 4702\'56\" 10927\'27\" 5
Miles City 4625\'30\" 10552\'30\" 8
Missoula 4701\'05\" 11400\'41\" 3
NEBRASKA
Grand Island 4058\'00\" 9819\'11\" 2
Ogallala 4107\'11\" 10145\'37\" 4
NEVADA
Las Vegas 3605\'35\" 11510\'25\" 1
Reno 3935\'13\" 11955\'52\" 3
Tonopah 3803\'43\" 11713\'24\" 9
Winnemucca 4100\'39\" 11745\'58\" 4
NEW MEXICO
Alamogordo 3254\'46\" 10556\'41\" 8
Albuquerque 3503\'05\" 10637\'13\" 10
Aztec 3648\'42\" 10753\'48\" 9
Clayton 3627\'29\" 10311\'16\" 5
NEW JERSEY
Woodbury 3950\'01\" 7509\'21\" 3
NEW YORK
E. Elmhurst 4046\'21\" 7352\'42\" 1
Schuyler 4309\'09\" 7507\'50\" 2
Staten Island 4036\'05\" 7406\'35\" 9
NORTH CAROLINA
Greensboro 3605\'54\" 7956\'42\" 9
Wilmington 3416\'10\" 7754\'24\" 3
NORTH DAKOTA
Dickinson 4651\'05\" 10247\'35\" 7
OHIO
Pataskala 4004\'05\" 8242\'00\" 1
OKLAHOMA
Warner 3529\'31\" 9518\'25\" 4
Woodward 3624\'42\" 9928\'50\" 9
OREGON
Albany 4438\'24\" 12303\'36\" 5
Klamath Falls 4206\'30\" 12138\'00\" 2
Pendleton 4535\'45\" 11831\'02\" 7
PENNSYLVANIA
Coraopolis 4030\'33\" 8013\'27\" 4
New Cumberland 4011\'30\" 7652\'02\" 8
SOUTH CAROLINA
Charleston 3254\'10\" 8001\'20\" 4
SOUTH DAKOTA
Aberdeen 4527\'21\" 9825\'26\" 6
Rapid City 4402\'36\" 10303\'36\" 5
TENNESSEE
Elizabethton 3626\'04\" 8208\'06\" 7
Memphis 3501\'44\" 8956\'15\" 10
Nashville 3608\'07\" 8641\'39\" 3
TEXAS
Austin 32\'45\" 97\'19\" 2
Bedford 32\'19\" 9708\'03\" 1
Houston 2954\'37\" 9524\'39\" 9
Lubbock 3337\'06\" 10152\'14\" 7
Monahans 3134\'58\" 10254\'18\" 6
UTAH
Abajo Peak 3750\'21\" 10927\'42\" 7
Delta 3923\'15\" 11230\'44\" 2
Escalante 3745\'19\" 11152\'27\" 5
Green River 3857\'54\" 11013\'40\" 3
Salt Lake City 4039\'11\" 11212\'06\" 1
VIRGINIA
Arlington 3852\'55\" 7706\'18\" 6
WASHINGTON
Seattle 4726\'08\" 12217\'35\" 4
Cheney 4733\'14\" 11743\'35\" 1
WEST VIRGINIA
Charleston 3819\'47\" 8139\'36\" 2
WISCONSIN
Stevens Point 4433\'06\" 8925\'27\" 8
WYOMING
Riverton 4303\'37\" 10827\'23\" 9
\(a\) Carriers authorized to construct and operate air-to-ground
radiotelephone systems on the channels listed in § 22.857 may also
construct and operate low power ground stations designed to provide
service to airborne mobile stations on the ground, provided that no
interference is caused to service provided by ground stations located in
accordance with the geographical channel block layout or with paragraph
(b) of this section. The antenna location of such low power ground
station may be anywhere that is at least 483 kilometers (300 miles) from
all antenna locations of ground stations using the channel block(s) in
accordance with the geographical channel block layout or with paragraph
(b) of this section.
\(b\) Ground station locations may be more than 1.61 kilometers (one
mile) from all of the locations listed in this section, provided that
they are at least 885 kilometers (550 miles) from all antenna locations
of ground stations using the same channel block(s) in accordance with
the geographical channel block layout or with this paragraph.
[^1]: Claircom Licensee Corporation, GTE/Airfone Incorporated and
In-Flight Phone Corporation also jointly filed comments April 26,
1996 (and attached a petition for rulemaking), in response to the
Wireless Telecommunications Bureau's (Bureau) March 26, 1996, Public
Notice No. 62162 seeking comment on rule streamlining proposals
under consideration by the Bureau. To the extent not addressed by
the Bureau's action today, the proposals made by these parties in
their filed comments (and attached petition for rulemaking) will be
considered in connection with any future streamlining initiatives
undertaken by the Bureau.
[^2]: 47 C.F.R. § 22.1109.
[^3]: *See* Part 22 Rewrite, 9 FCC Rcd 6513, 6656 (1994).
[^4]: *Id.*
[^5]: 47 C.F.R. § 1.412(c).
[^6]: 47 C.F.R. § 1.427.
[^7]: 47 C.F.R. § 0.331.
| en |
markdown | 584948 | # Presentation: 584948
## Search Secrets: Technology Intelligence (Finding What You Want)
- Larry G.Hull
- May 20, 2004
## Presentation Goals
- Common Search Mistakes
- Basic Search Techniques
- Major Search Engines
- Google Secrets
- Advanced Search Secrets
- Google Advanced Operators and Information
- Google Resources
- Other Technology Intelligence Resources
- Search Engines’ Future Goals
## Biggest Search Mistakes
- Typing URLs into the wrong box
## Top Search Terms - 2:00 May 13
- Kelly Blue Book
- Paris Hilton / Pamela Anderson
- Mapquest
- Google
- Games
- Yahoo
- Jokes
- Health
- Thong / Thongs
- eBay
- Dictionary
- Lyrics
- Hotmail
- Friends Finale
- Ask Jeeves
## What Did You Notice?
- Kelly Blue Book
- Games
- Mapquest
- Google
- Paris Hilton / Paris Hilton Video
- Yahoo
- Jokes
- Health
- Thong / Thongs
- eBay
- Dictionary
- Pamela Anderson
- Hotmail
- Friends Finale
- Ask Jeeves
## My Point
- Kelly Blue Book
- Games
- Mapquest
- Google
- Paris Hilton / Paris Hilton Video
- Yahoo
- Jokes
- Health
- Thong / Thongs
- eBay
- Dictionary
- Pamela Anderson
- Hotmail
- Friends Finale
- Ask Jeeves
## Biggest Search Mistake
- Typing URLs into the wrong box
- Search terms entered in the address field
- Addresses entered in the search field
- Source: _[wordtracker.com](http://wordtracker.com/)_
- Today’s top search terms
- Shown as moving list at top of page
- Download using “Send words to a friend” link
- People continue to type addresses as search terms, even after the mistake has been pointed out to them
## Biggest Search Mistakes
- Typing URLs into the wrong box
- Using the wrong tool at the wrong time
## The Second Biggest Mistake
- Using a directory instead of a search engine ... and then not understanding why you can’t find anything!
- Would you look up the definition of a word in the phone book?
- Directories are human-compiled and have a small number of pages in their databases (usually in the low millions) e.g. _[MSN](http://www.msn.com/)__ or Yahoo_
- Search engines are machine-compiled and have a **very large** number of pages in their databases (usually in the hundreds of millions or even billions)
## Directories vs. Search Engines
- Directories are **great** for “telephone book” searches
- What is the Web page address for company A, organization B, or entity C?
- Who makes product X?
- Where is a list of Web pages for topic Z?
- Search engines are great for “encyclopedia” or “dictionary” searches
- What is Z?
- Three parts to a search engine
- Spider or bot (sometimes called a crawler)
- Index or catalog
- Front end or retrieval page
## Directories vs. Search Engines
- Directories may grow to where they effectively become a small search engine or may explicitly decide to transform themselves into one, e.g., Yahoo
- Search engines may divide into topic or functionality oriented subsets that resemble directories, e.g., _[Google](http://www.google.com/)_
- Some offer unique front ends, e.g., Ask Jeeves and KartOO (offering multisearch and a visual display)
- Competition is fierce
## People Use Directories -- Why?
- Search engines have more, far more, pages in their databases than do directories
- Why do people predominantly use directories?
- They know how to use a directory
- No one has ever shown them how to use a search engine!
- Note: This is also true for a search box or page at a Web site.
- People will say they prefer to use a site’s search facility.
- Usability tests show most use the site map if one exists.
## Biggest Search Mistakes
- Typing URLs into the wrong box
- Using the wrong tool at the wrong time
- Not knowing when and how to use directories or search engines to actually find information
## Search Basics
- Be specific ... because if you aren’t specific, you’ll end up with a bunch of garbage!
- minimum of three to five specific terms, e.g.,
- ocean biology and biogeochemistry data mining
- and is a “stop word”, i.e., an extremely common word that is frequently discarded to speed up searches
## Search Basics
- Be specific ... because if you aren’t specific, you’ll end up with a bunch of garbage!
- Use quotes to search for phrases
- “ocean biology” biogeochemistry “data mining”
## Search Basics
- Be specific ... because if you aren’t specific, you’ll end up with a bunch of garbage!
- Use quotes to search for phrases
- Use the + sign to require
- “ocean biology” biogeochemistry +“data mining”
## Search Basics
- Be specific ... because if you aren’t specific, you’ll end up with a bunch of garbage!
- Use quotes to search for phrases.
- Use the + sign to require
- Use the - sign to exclude
- “ocean biology” biogeochemistry +“data mining” -solicitation
## Search Basics
- Be specific ... because if you aren’t specific, you’ll end up with a bunch of garbage!
- Use quotes to search for phrases.
- Use the + sign to require.
- Use the - sign to exclude.
- Combine symbols as often as possible (see rule #1)
- +“ocean biology” biogeochemistry +“data mining” -solicitation
## Major Search Engines
- Google http://www.google.com
- Well-deserved reputation as top choice for searching web
- Crawler-based service provides comprehensive coverage and great relevancy
- Recommended as a first stop
- Yahoo http://www.yahoo.com
- Web's oldest (1994) directory
- Shift in October 2002 to crawler-based listings from Google
- Second shift in February 2004 to its own search technology
## Major Search Engines - 2
- Ask Jeeves http://www.ask.com/
- Ask Jeeves initially gained fame in 1998 and 1999 as being the "natural language" search engine
- Behind the scenes, editors monitored search logs and went out onto the web to located what seemed to be the best sites
- Today, Ask Jeeves depends on crawler-based technology
- HotBot http://www.hotbot.com
- HotBot provides easy access to the web's three major crawler-based search engines: Yahoo, Google and Teoma (pronounced tay-o-ma and owned by Ask Jeeves)
- Unlike a meta search engine, it cannot blend the results from all of these crawlers together
## Meta Search Engines
- Unlike search engines, metacrawlers don't crawl the web to build listings. Instead, they allow searches to be sent to several search engines all at once. The results are then blended together onto one page.
- Dogpile http://www.dogpile.com
- Searches a customizable list of search engines, directories and specialty search sites
- Displays results from each search engine individually
## Meta Search Engines - 2
- MetaCrawler http://www.metacrawler.com/
- One of the oldest meta search services,
- MetaCrawler began in July 1995 at the University of Washington
- KartOO http://www.kartoo.com
- Shows search results using a visual display
- Sites are interconnected by keywords
- Looking for search engines?
- http://searchenginewatch.com/links/
## Google Secrets
- It’s easy if you remember a few, simple commands
- Title searches
- Search for pages that have a particular word or phrase in their title
- **intitle:*****terms***
- Examples
** ****intitle:moon**
** ****intitle:”Moon Landing”**
## Google Secrets - 2
- Site searches (used with another term)
** *****term(s)***** site:*****domainname***
- Limit search to only pages within a specific site or domain
** ****apollo site:nasa.gov**
** ****apollo +site:gov**
- Exclude pages from a specific site or domain
** ****apollo -site:nasa.gov**
** ****apollo -site:gov**
## Google Secrets - 3
- URL searches
- Search for pages that have a particular word or phrase in their URL
- Works great when you can only remember one word in a long URL
** ****inurl:*****url***
** ****inurl:apollo**
- Example of “real” search
** ****+inurl:apollo +moon -“John Young” +site:nasa.gov**
- Note: does not mean Young won’t appear in the site
## Google Secrets - 4
- Related searches
- Search for pages that are similar to another page
** ****related:*****url***
- Related search to find pages similar to gsfc.nasa.gov
** ****related:gsfc.nasa.com**
- Typical result will be *servername*.gsfc.nasa.gov
- Note: related search results equivalent to URL “similar pages”
## Advanced Search Secrets
- How does search really work in search engines?
- Only the insiders know for sure
- People have made some shrewd guesses
- Number of keywords appearing on page scores “X”
- Keyword adjacency (closeness) on page scores “Y”
- Number of appearances of a keyword is given a weight and composite of weights scores “Z”
- Search engine uses X, Y, Z, and other secret variables to come up with a score for each page; applies a page rank, and displays to top n pages m at a time
- What is a page rank?
- Note: “PageRank” is Google’s secret algorithm
## Page Rank (Digression)
- Premise: importance of a research paper can be judged by the number of citations
- Analogy: importance of a Web page can be judged by the number of links pointing to it from other pages
- Or, mathematically, where PR = page rank and C = citations (links)
- d is a damping factor in the range of 0 < d < 1, perhaps 0.8
## Page Rank (continued)
- The page rank of a Web page is the sum of the page ranks of all the pages linking to it divided by the number of links on each of those pages
- A page with many links to it from other pages is judged to be more important than a page with only a few links from other pages
- A page with only a few links to other pages is deemed to be more important than a page with links to lots of other pages, e.g., a portal
## Boolean Operators
- Search engines use AND as their Boolean default
- Automatically look for pages that contain ALL keywords
- Google: The "AND" operator is unnecessary -- we include all search terms by default.
- One reason to use phases, e.g., “data mining”
- Some searches need a Boolean OR
- OR operator is (almost) *always* in all caps
- Goes between keywords
- Often may be (should be) used with parentheses
- ocean biology **and** biogeochemistry data mining
- “ocean biology” biogeochemistry “data mining”
- (“ocean biology” OR biogeochemistry) “data mining”
## More Tips
- Capitalization may not matter (except Boolean OR)
- Number of keywords may be limited
- Don’t use stop words: a, about, an, and, are, as, at, be, by, from, how, i, in, is, it, of, on, or, that, the, this, to, we, what, when, where, which, with
- Note: try using a + to search for a stop word, +we
- Use wildcard if supported by search engine
- Wildcards are characters, usually asterisks (*), that represent other characters
- Google offers full-word wildcards, **it’s +a * world**
- Some search engines support a technique called “stemming”, some* matches sometime, somewhere, ...
## More Tips 2
- Order of the search keywords matters
- Number of results (hits) will probably be the same
- Ordering of the hits, particularly the top hits, will vary
- Some search engines offer advance search (page and/or advanced search operators)
- Search specific parts of Web pages
- Search for specific types of information
- We’ve seen some of Google’s advanced operators
- Query modifiers, e.g., intitle:, inurl:, site:
- Alternative query types, e.g., related:
- Information types, e.g., define:
## Google Advanced Operators
**filetype:**
- Results restricted to files with a particular extension ".doc”, “.xls”, “.ppt”, etc
- Shows only files created with the corresponding program
- No space between filetype: and the file extension
- “dot” in the file extension is optional
** “****data mining” ****filetype:pdf**
**daterange****:**
- Date or range of dates page was indexed
- Works only with Julian dates
** “****data mining” ****daterange:2452401-2452766**
## Google Advanced Operators - 2
**inanchor:**
- Results restricted to text in a page’s anchors (links)
- No space between inanchor: and the first word
- Phases (in quotes) do work
- <p>Please <a href=“guestbook.html”>sign our guestbook</a></p>
- **terms**** inanchor:guestbook**
**inte****x****t:**
- Searches body text and only body text
- No space between intext: and the first word or phase
** ****terms ****intext:“Goddard Space Flight Center”**
## Google Information
- Phonebook:, three versions
**phonebook:** searches the entire Google phonebook
**rphonebook:** searches residential listings only
**bphonebook:** searches business listings only
- parameters
- first name (or first initial), last name, city (state is optional)
- first name (or first initial), last name, state
- first name (or first initial), last name, area code
- first name (or first initial), last name, zip code
- phone number, including area code
- last name, city, state
- last name, zip code
- **phonebook:hull 20770**
- Rena Hull - (301) 614-9654 - 155 Westway, Greenbelt, MD 20770
## Google Information - 2
**define:**
- definitions for the word or phrase that follows
- if definitions are available
- no space between **define:** and the word or phrase
- **define:nanotechnology**
**stocks:**
- Google treats the query terms as stock ticker symbols
- Links to a Yahoo finance page showing stock information for those symbols
- Ignores spaces
## Google Resources
- Free guides and FAQ
- Web searching in general
- Google’s features in specific
- **http://www.google.com/help/**
- Google Usenet newsgroup
** ****google.public.support.general**
***Google ******Hacks*** by Calishain and Dornfest
- Extremely advanced book written for Perl programmers
- Recommended but only if you can hack it
## Other Resources
- Deep Web (Invisible Web)
- Content of databases accessible on the Web
- Estimated 500 times larger than the fixed Web
- Non-textual files on the Web
- Multimedia files
- Graphical files (now offered by Google)
- Documents in non-standard formats such as Portable Document Format (PDF)
- Sources
- Directory of high quality databases maintained by Gary Price and Chris Sherman **http://www.invisible-web.net/**
- CompletePlanet **http://www.completeplanet.com/**
## Other Resources - 2
- The GSFC Library **http://library.gsfc.nasa.gov/**
- Library Catalog
- Article/Paper Search Engines
- Technical databases (deep web)
- Available to users within GSFC domains
- Journals, eBooks, and more
- NEW: Ask A Librarian
- Real-time reference!
- 10 am to 4 pm, Mon - Fri
- Never underestimate a well-trained reference librarian
## Future Goals
- Search engines understand (and answer) questions in natural language
- Microsoft Research’s AskMSR
- Rewrite search question (generate templates)
- Search for exact matches -- done
- Search for close matches -- redundancy => high probability
- Search engines as good as well-trained reference librarians
- Major advances needed in probabilistic machine learning and natural-language processing | en |
all-txt-docs | 147320 | Title: Biotic Surveys and Inventories (BS&I)
Date: August 15, 2001
Replaced: NSF 98-158
Biotic Surveys and Inventories (BS&I)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Program Announcement
NSF 01-150
DIRECTORATE FOR BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
FULL PROPOSAL DEADLINE(S) :
November 16, 2001 and first Friday in November annually thereafter
[NSF Logo] NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
[Small NSF logo]
The National Science Foundation promotes and advances scientific
progress in the United States by competitively awarding grants and
cooperative agreements for research and education in the sciences,
mathematics, and engineering.
To get the latest information about program deadlines, to download
copies of NSF publications, and to access abstracts of awards, visit the
NSF Web Site at:
http://www.nsf.gov
- Location: 4201 Wilson Blvd. Arlington, VA 22230
- For General Information
(NSF Information Center): (703) 292-5111
- TDD (for the hearing-impaired): (703) 292-5090
- To Order Publications or Forms:
Send an e-mail to: pubs@nsf.gov
or telephone: (301) 947-2722
- To Locate NSF Employees: (703) 292-5111
SUMMARY OF PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GENERAL INFORMATION
Program Title: Biotic Surveys and Inventories (BS&I)
Synopsis of Program: The Biotic Surveys and Inventories Program supports
basic research and collecting activities that are designed to discover and
document the biological species diversity of all forms of life on Earth.
The Program supports collecting, identifying, vouchering, and naming the
biota of a substantial geographic region, including oceanographic areas, as
well as expeditionary work to discover and describe biotic diversity in
poorly known areas. Knowledge of species-level biodiversity provides the
foundation for research in systematic and population biology, ecology,
conservation and restoration biology, anthropology, physical geography,
biological oceanography, paleobiology and other sciences. This basic
knowledge is necessary for monitoring and assessing land-use patterns,
global climate change, and the economic value of natural resources.
Research projects may address any major group or groups of organisms, from
terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments, usually at landscape to
regional scales or larger. Permanent, well-curated collections or cultures
and Internet-accessible databases of information are expected as products
of BS&I support.
Cognizant Program Officer(s):
* Program Director, for Biotic Surveys and Inventories, Directorate for
Biological Sciences, Division of Environmental Biology, Room 635,
telephone: 703-292-8481.
* Program Officers, Systematic and Population Biology Cluster,
Directorate for Biological Sciences, Division of Environmental
Biology, Room 635, telephone: 703-292-8481.
Applicable Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA) Number(s):
* 47.074 --- Biological Sciences
ELIGIBILITY INFORMATION
* Organization Limit: None
* PI Eligibility Limit: None
* Limit on Number of Proposals: None
AWARD INFORMATION
* Anticipated Type of Award: Standard or Continuing Grant
* Estimated Number of Awards: 20-25 grants awarded each year
* Anticipated Funding Amount: $5 million total anticipated
PROPOSAL PREPARATION AND SUBMISSION INSTRUCTIONS
A. Proposal Preparation Instructions
* Full Proposals: Supplemental Preparation Guidelines
o The program announcement/solicitation contains supplements to the
standard Grant Proposal Guide (GPG) proposal preparation
guidelines. Please see the full program announcement/solicitation
for further information.
B. Budgetary Information
* Cost Sharing Requirements: Cost Sharing is not required.
* Indirect Cost (F&A) Limitations: Not Applicable.
* Other Budgetary Limitations: Not Applicable.
C. Deadline/Target Dates
* Letters of Intent (optional): None
* Preliminary Proposals (optional): None
* Full Proposal Deadline Date(s):
November 16, 2001 and first Friday in November annually thereafter
D. FastLane Requirements
* FastLane Submission: Required
* FastLane Contact(s):
o Ms. Elaine Washington, FastLane Liaison, Directorate for
Biological Sciences, Division of Environmental Biology, Room 635,
telephone: 703-292-7193, e-mail: eputney@nsf.gov.
o Questions can also be directed to, BIOFL@nsf.gov, Directorate for
Biological Sciences, Room 695, telephone: 703-292-8406, e-mail:
biofl@nsf.gov.
PROPOSAL REVIEW INFORMATION
* Merit Review Criteria: National Science Board approved criteria.
Additional merit review considerations apply. Please see the full
program announcement/solicitation for further information.
AWARD ADMINISTRATION INFORMATION
* Award Conditions: Additional award conditions apply. Please see the
program announcement/solicitation for further information.
* Reporting Requirements: Additional reporting requirements apply.
Please see the full program announcement/solicitation for further
information.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY OF PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS
I. INTRODUCTION
II. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
III. ELIGIBILITY INFORMATION
IV. AWARD INFORMATION
V. PROPOSAL PREPARATION AND SUBMISSION INSTRUCTIONS
A. Proposal Preparation Instructions
B. Budgetary Information
C. Deadline/Target Dates
D. FastLane Requirements
VI. PROPOSAL REVIEW INFORMATION
A. NSF Proposal Review Process
B. Review Protocol and Associated Customer Service Standard
VII. AWARD ADMINISTRATION INFORMATION
A. Notification of the Award
B. Award Conditions
C. Reporting Requirements
VIII.CONTACTS FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
IX. OTHER PROGRAMS OF INTEREST
I. INTRODUCTION
"We are at a critical juncture for the conservation and study of
biodiversity; such an
opportunity will never occur again. Understanding and maintaining that
diversity is
the key to humanity's continued prosperous and stable existence on Earth."
Loss of Biological Diversity: A Global Crisis Requiring International
Solutions.
National Science Board, 1989
Increasing rates of extinction of species and the loss of knowledge of
local species among indigenous peoples have created an urgent need for
scientific exploration to expand humanity's knowledge of biological
diversity throughout the world. In support of this goal, the Directorate
for Biological Sciences, Division of Environmental Biology established the
Biotic Surveys and Inventories Program in 1991. BS&I invites proposals to
discover and document biological species diversity of all forms of life on
Earth, with special emphasis on taxonomic groups of organisms that are
poorly known, such as bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, and
invertebrates, and in geographic regions, including oceanographic areas,
that are poorly surveyed.
Elements likely to be common to all BS&I projects include the following:
(1) Collections -- natural history specimens, cultures, stocks or other
physical samples are the material objects of discovery, study, and
inventory. Methods of collection and curatorial arrangements for the care
and vouchering of samples must be described. Proposals to collect and study
organisms that have a minimal museum (or collection) tradition should
indicate this fact, discuss the form that useful collections or cultures
would take as well as their impact on future taxonomic practice in the
group, and present plans for implementation and curation of such
collections, stocks, or cultures. (2) Species inventories -- documentation
of the number, taxonomic disposition, and, where appropriate, relative
abundance of species encountered, and integration with prior knowledge of
species occurrences in the region under study, are required. Such
documentation may take several forms, depending on the current state of
knowledge for the targeted taxonomic groups, but all projects should
develop and begin implementation of plans for Internet-accessible products
in interoperable formats, such as species checklists or catalogs,
interactive keys or other expert identification systems, and taxon
authority files. (3) Specimen databases -- the collections newly made
during the course of the project, along with specimens or samples or
cultures already in repositories, should be identified in web-accessible
databases, for further use by scientists and others, with attention to
locality or other geo-referencing data to facilitate mapping and GIS
applications. (4) Education and Outreach -- field work to collect and
identify organisms provides attractive training opportunities for students
at all levels, and when conducted abroad, also presents opportunities for
international collaboration with host country scientists and students.
These students and colleagues should be partners in the research,
conceptually and logistically, to the fullest extent possible.
II. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
Biotic Surveys and Inventories proposals should address the following five
topics in the Project Description section of the proposal, following the
Results from Prior NSF Support section (if required).
1. Taxonomic Breadth. Proposals must specify the range of taxonomic groups
to be sampled in the geographic region (or oceanographic area or
stratigraphic horizon) under study, and must justify that breadth of
sampling. Sampling a diversity of taxa is encouraged rather than a narrow
group of closely related taxa; sampling of major ecological assemblages --
soil microorganisms, vertebrates and their parasites, vascular plants and
their fungal endophytes -- should be considered where collecting methods
achieve economies of return. Surveys of single species or genera are
excluded from consideration, and surveys of single families will likely
have low priority. Estimates of the numbers of new species, plans for the
description of these new taxa, and electronic dissemination of information
on the new collections, cultures, or samples should be provided.
Collections or other resources currently available for the taxa of interest
in the region under study should be described, with plans for incorporating
information about these collections and taxa into the study. Summary
information on existing collections for the targeted taxa in the region
under study constitutes the preliminary data useful to reviewers in
evaluating the need for additional collecting. Include an estimate of how
complete the proposed survey or inventory is likely to be for the taxonomic
groups under study in the region at the conclusion of the project, along
with a brief discussion of your methods for judging completion.
2. Geographic Scale. The taxonomic range and geographic scale of the
project should constitute a natural and compelling biological focus and
need. Biogeographic regions or areas delimited on the basis of other
biological criteria are preferable to geopolitical units. Most BS&I
projects focus on landscape, regional or continental scales (for example,
the southeastern United States, the Orinoco River drainage). Proposals must
justify the need for a dedicated collecting effort on the geographic and
logistic scale proposed, and must explain why existing collections and
inventories are inadequate for developing conservation plans, assessing
economic value of natural resources, or addressing particular scientific
questions. Proposals that focus on little-explored regions of the world
and/or poorly known components of the biota (for example, prokaryotes,
protists, fungi, invertebrates) are strongly encouraged, as are surveys of
biota of Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites, both those within the
U.S. and those in the international LTER network (check the LTER website
for information, at http://lternet.edu/).
3. Urgency. The need for exploration and collecting may be substantially
greater for certain regions than for others, for reasons such as impending
habitat destruction, ignorance of critical components of the biota, or rare
historical events. If appropriate, proposals should indicate why an
immediate and intensive collecting effort is required. Justifications
involving endangered habitats, threatened sites, or disappearing resources
must make specific reference to the planned collection sites and to the
sampling strategy, not simply to the broad region.
4. Conceptual Issues. All BS&I projects should lead to better description
and documentation of the biological diversity of particular areas. Lack of
knowledge about the taxa and region, however, cannot be the sole
justification for a proposal. In the context of a highly competitive merit
review, BS&I proposals must make a case for substantial impact on
scientific understanding of biodiversity. The proposal should discuss how
the collections, species inventories, or other products will facilitate
ongoing or future research in such fields, for example, as phylogenetics,
ecology, biogeography, coevolution, paleoclimatology, or natural resource
management. Discussion of these conceptual links should be specific to the
taxa and regions under study, and may include plans for revisionary or
monographic work, biogeographic analyses, tests of hypotheses of
evolutionary or ecological dynamics, or substantive efforts to enhance
biological conservation status in the region.
5. Management Plan. The taxonomic complexity and spatial scale of most BS&I
projects are likely to require cooperative work by several specialists,
whether under the leadership of a single Principal Investigator or a team;
explicit management plans are required, with time and place scheduling,
delineation of tasks and responsibilities, and agendas for products at
regular intervals during the course of the project. Management plans must
address the following:
-- strategy, protocols, and timetable for collection, preparation,
documentation, and distribution of all specimens, cultures, stocks or other
material samples acquired during the study, with attention to long-term
preservation and curation of the collections. Investigators are strongly
encouraged to make use of appropriate Global Positioning System (GPS)
technology to record locality data. Costs of specimen preparation and
storage are eligible items for support; letters from curators of the
relevant repositories may be included in the FastLane section on
Supplementary Documentation.
-- development of databases of information associated with the collections,
including description of hardware and software components, the data model
and elements of the database(s), quality-control of data entry, capacity
for expansion, and Internet-accessibility including networking protocols
and integration with other electronic information resources. Maintenance of
the databases, like maintenance of the collections, will be a consideration
in proposal review; letters of support from Information Technology managers
may be included in the FastLane section on Supplementary Documentation.
-- permits or other required authorizations for the collecting activities,
and logistics of cooperative work, in particular with host country
scientists if conducted abroad. Prospective investigators wishing to
establish collaborations with foreign scientists should review the guidance
and opportunities provided through the Division of International Programs
(check the NSF website at http://www.nsf.gov/sbe/int/). BS&I projects are
expected to foster international cooperation, including the sharing of data
across international boundaries while at the same time assuring that
specimens collected today will be available for study by researchers (of
any nationality) now and in the future. Projects in the U.S. are expected
to adhere to the regulations of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Forest
Service, Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, or other
responsible government agencies. It is expected that the rights of private
landowners will be respected at all times. Collecting permits or other
authorization documents in hand should be submitted through the FastLane
section on Supplementary Documentation.
-- training and other educational opportunities; these should be integrated
in the conduct of the survey or inventory wherever feasible, with student
partners sharing conceptually and logistically to the fullest extent
possible. BS&I grants are eligible for supplementation through the Research
Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program (see program announcement NSF
00-107, available on the NSF website at
http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/getpub?nsf00107) and the Research Opportunity
Awards (ROA) program, which supports small-college faculty in research
projects associated with the primary grant [see program announcement for
Research in Undergraduate Institutions (RUI), NSF 00-144, available on the
NSF website at http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2000/nsf00144/nsf00144.htm]. ROA
supplements and other supplements could be used to add taxonomic expertise
during the course of the project as collections accumulate.
Instructions to Investigators Considering Long-Term, Large-Scale
Inventories:
Projects to collect, describe, and catalogue a substantial portion of the
biota of a geographic region of continental scale, usually involving
thousands of species, will typically require teams of investigators and
entail complex logistics. Leaders of such long-term (10-20 years),
large-scale projects should plan for a series of 5-year awards,
anticipating one or more merit-reviewed renewal applications. Investigators
are strongly encouraged to consult in advance of proposal submission with
the BS&I Program Director concerning options for support of such long-term
projects. With prior written approval from the BS&I Program Director, an
additional five pages of text may be authorized in the Supplementary
Documentation section of the FastLane submission, in which the following
additional topics are addressed:
-- scope of the overall project and justification for the long-term
duration of the enterprise;
-- management plan for the overall duration of the project, with milestones
for assessing yearly productivity and progress toward the final goal;
-- team of experts who will identify species through the duration of the
project, or recruitment plans for the taxonomic expertise likely to be
required;
-- ability to process the large numbers of samples collected, including
curatorial processing and vouchering, with estimates of when collections
will be made available to other workers;
-- coordination with other survey or inventory projects in the same
geographic area;
-- anticipated products of the overall project including publications,
catalogues, and databases beyond those expected of all BS&I awards
(collections and Internet-accessible databases of information).
III. ELIGIBILITY INFORMATION
The categories of proposers identified in the Grant Proposal Guide are
eligible to submit proposals under this program announcement/solicitation.
In particular, institutions with personnel and interests in the broad field
of biodiversity study such as academic institutions, natural history
museums, marine and freshwater science institutes, field stations, and
botanical gardens should consider research opportunities supportable
through the BS&I program. Where appropriate, collaborating scientists in
foreign countries can be accommodated through consultant or subaward
mechanisms administered by the submitting U.S. institution. The same
mechanisms may be used to add experts from other institutions to the
project team, on a short-term basis or otherwise, as needs arise during the
collection and inventory process.
IV. AWARD INFORMATION
Based on recent fiscal year experience, the Program anticipates making
20-25 awards, as standard or continuing grants, for a total of $5 million,
subject to the availability of funds. Check the NSF website (at
www.nsf.gov) through the Biology homepages for listings of awards over the
last several fiscal years in the Biotic Surveys and Inventories program,
for guidance on the range and scope of projects supported
(www.nsf.gov/bio/deb/debsysbio.htm#biosi).
V. PROPOSAL PREPARATION AND SUBMISSION INSTRUCTIONS
A. Proposal Preparation Instructions
Full Proposal:
Proposals submitted in response to this program announcement/solicitation
should be prepared and submitted in accordance with the general guidelines
contained in the NSF Grant Proposal Guide (GPG). The complete text of the
GPG is available electronically on the NSF Web Site at:
http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/getpub?gpg. Paper copies of the GPG may be
obtained from the NSF Publications Clearinghouse, telephone (301) 947-2722
or by e-mail from pubs@nsf.gov.
Proposals should address the five topics described in this announcement's
Program Description. In addition, attention is directed to the following
considerations, which may require discussion and documentation.
* Surveys and Inventories in the oceans and U.S. Great Lakes: Proposals
to survey marine biodiversity that require the scheduling of NSF-UNOLS
ship time must include a completed NSF-UNOLS Request Form (NSF Form
831). The UNOLS form may be obtained from the NSF Division of Ocean
Sciences Ship Operations Program or directly from the UNOLS website
(at http://sio.ucsd.edu/supp_groups/shipsked/forms/NSFform.html). Mail
the completed UNOLS Request Form directly to the BS&I Program Director
(NSF-Room 635, 4201 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22230). If the project
requires time aboard non-UNOLS vessels, the proposal budget must
reflect the direct cost of ship time. Use of UNOLS or other ship time
also requires that permits to enter sovereign waters, in compliance
with international laws of the sea, be obtained with the assistance of
the U.S. Department of State if the researchers plan to collect
specimens in any nation's sovereign waters. The Ship Operations
Program of the NSF can assist in these negotiations. Contact
information can be found on the NSF website for the Directorate for
Geosciences, Division of Ocean Sciences at http://www.geo.nsf.gov/oce.
* Surveys and Inventories in foreign countries: For surveys in countries
other than the United States, include in the proposal a description of
established collaborations with scientists and students from the host
country, and how these individuals will be involved in the project, as
well as the arrangements for the in-country housing of specimens and
data. Arrangements to allocate specimens between host country
institution(s) and U.S. institutions may be made, but type specimens
and quality representative specimens should remain in the host
country. Prior to an award, PIs must document that they have obtained
necessary research agreements and all legally required collecting,
import, and export permits. These documents include those needed not
only to remove specimens from the field, but also those required to
export or import them across national boundaries, including compliance
with CITES regulations. Provide collecting-permit documentation in
hand at time of submission in the Supplementary Documentation section
of the FastLane submission.
* Surveys and Inventories in Antarctica or Greenland: Proposals that
involve field work in Antarctica must include information about the
logistical and operational requisites of the proposed research, and
any environmental impacts. Instructions on proposal preparation for
research in Antarctica are provided in the Program Announcement and
Proposal Guide for the Antarctic Program of the Office of Polar
Programs (OPP), currently NSF 99-93, which can be found on the NSF
Online Documents System at http://www.nsf.gov. Obtain information on
working in Antarctica from the OPP prior to preparation of a proposal.
All research projects in Greenland must be approved in advance by the
Government of Denmark. Applications for projects in which U.S.
citizens and U.S. nationals are involved in any way (logistical,
operational and/or financial support) shall be submitted to the Danish
Government through diplomatic channels (i.e., through the U.S.
Department of State and the American Embassy, Copenhagen) to the
Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Arctic Research Program of OPP
can assist in the submission of these applications, and should be
contacted for instructions prior to preparation of a proposal.
* Vertebrate Animals: If the proposed research includes the collection
of vertebrate animals, the Principal Investigator must respond to the
NSF Grant Proposal Guide (NSF 01-2a) section on required documentation
for proposals involving vertebrate animals; see the NSF website for
the OnLine Documents System at http://www.nsf.gov.
* Special Information and Supplementary Documentation. Provide
information such as letters of collaboration, collecting permits,
environmental impact statement and other allowed items as noted in the
current issuance of the GPG. Include letters of support and other
materials (such as the vertebrate animal care certificate, if
applicable) via the FastLane submission by incorporating the documents
as PDF files and adding them to the Supplementary Documentation
section of FastLane. This information is not counted as part of the 15
page limit of the Project Description.
* BIO Proposal Classification Form (PCF). Complete the BIO PCF as part
of the NSF FastLane submission process. The PCF is an on-line coding
system that allows the Principal Investigator to characterize the
project when submitting a proposal to the Directorate for Biological
Sciences. Once a PI begins preparation of the proposal in the NSF
FastLane system and selects any program within the Directorate for
Biological Sciences as the first or only organizational unit to review
the program and has saved the Cover Sheet, then the PCF will be
generated and available through the Form Preparation screen.
Additional information about the BIO PCF is available in FastLane at
http://www.fastlane.nsf.gov/a1/BioInstr.htm.
* Color Images. For cost and technical reasons, the Foundation cannot,
at this time, reproduce proposals containing color. Therefore, PIs
generally should not rely on colorized objects to describe their
projects. PIs who must include in the Project Description very high
resolution graphics or other graphics where exact color
representations are required for proper interpretation by the
reviewer, must submit 12 paper copies of the entire proposal
(including a paper copy of page 1 of the Cover Sheet) for use in the
review process. This submission is in addition to, not in lieu of, the
required electronic submission of the proposal via FastLane. Such
proposals must be postmarked (or provide a legible proof of mailing
date assigned by the carrier) within five working days following the
electronic submission of the proposal, and should be mailed directly
to the BS&I Program Director (NSF-Room 635, 4201 Wilson Blvd.,
Arlington, VA 22230). Unless the proposal contains very high
resolution graphics or other graphics where exact color
representations are critical to the review of the proposal, proposers
should not send paper copies.
Proposers are reminded to identify the program solicitation number (NSF
01-150) in the program announcement/solicitation block on the proposal
Cover Sheet (NSF Form 1207). Compliance with this requirement is critical
to determining the relevant proposal processing guidelines. Failure to
submit this information may delay processing.
B. Budgetary Information
Cost sharing is not required in proposals submitted under this Program
Announcement.
C. Deadline/Target Dates
Proposals must be submitted by the following date(s):
Full Proposals by 5:00 PM local time:
November 16, 2001 and first Friday in November annually thereafter
D. FastLane Requirements
Proposers are required to prepare and submit all proposals for this Program
Announcement through the FastLane system. Detailed instructions for
proposal preparation and submission via FastLane are available at:
http://www.fastlane.nsf.gov/a1/newstan.htm. For FastLane user support, call
1-800-673-6188 or e-mail fastlane@nsf.gov.
Submission of Signed Cover Sheets. The Authorized Organizational
Representative (AOR) must electronically sign the proposal Cover Sheet to
submit the required proposal certifications (see Chapter II, Section C of
the Grant Proposal Guide for a listing of the certifications). The AOR must
provide the required certifications within five working days following the
electronic submission of the proposal. Further instructions regarding this
process are available on the FastLane website at:
http://www.fastlane.nsf.gov.
VI. PROPOSAL REVIEW INFORMATION
A. NSF Proposal Review Process
Reviews of proposals submitted to NSF are solicited from peers with
expertise in the substantive area of the proposed research or education
project. These reviewers are selected by Program Officers charged with the
oversight of the review process. NSF invites the proposer to suggest at the
time of submission, the names of appropriate or inappropriate reviewers.
Care is taken to ensure that reviewers have no conflicts with the proposer.
Special efforts are made to recruit reviewers from non-academic
institutions, minority-serving institutions, or adjacent disciplines to
that principally addressed in the proposal.
Proposals will be reviewed against the following general review criteria
established by the National Science Board. Following each criterion are
potential considerations that the reviewer may employ in the evaluation.
These are suggestions and not all will apply to any given proposal. Each
reviewer will be asked to address only those that are relevant to the
proposal and for which he/she is qualified to make judgements.
What is the intellectual merit of the proposed activity?
How important is the proposed activity to advancing knowledge and
understanding within its own field or across different fields? How
well qualified is the proposer (individual or team) to conduct the
project? (If appropriate, the reviewer will comment on the quality of
the prior work.) To what extent does the proposed activity suggest and
explore creative and original concepts? How well conceived and
organized is the proposed activity? Is there sufficient access to
resources?
What are the broader impacts of the proposed activity?
How well does the activity advance discovery and understanding while
promoting teaching, training, and learning? How well does the proposed
activity broaden the participation of underrepresented groups (e.g.,
gender, ethnicity, disability, geographic, etc.)? To what extent will
it enhance the infrastructure for research and education, such as
facilities, instrumentation, networks, and partnerships? Will the
results be disseminated broadly to enhance scientific and
technological understanding? What may be the benefits of the proposed
activity to society?
Principal Investigators should address the following elements in their
proposal to provide reviewers with the information necessary to respond
fully to both of the above-described NSF merit review criteria. NSF staff
will give these elements careful consideration in making funding decisions.
Integration of Research and Education
One of the principal strategies in support of NSF's goals is to foster
integration of research and education through the programs, projects,
and activities it supports at academic and research institutions.
These institutions provide abundant opportunities where individuals
may concurrently assume responsibilities as researchers, educators,
and students and where all can engage in joint efforts that infuse
education with the excitement of discovery and enrich research through
the diversity of learning perspectives.
Integrating Diversity into NSF Programs, Projects, and Activities
Broadening opportunities and enabling the participation of all
citizens -- women and men, underrepresented minorities, and persons
with disabilities -- is essential to the health and vitality of
science and engineering. NSF is committed to this principle of
diversity and deems it central to the programs, projects, and
activities it considers and supports.
Additional Review Criteria
Reviewers of BS&I proposals will in particular attend closely to the
five topics of Taxonomic Breadth, Geographic Scale, Urgency,
Conceptual Issues, and Management Plan described in the section on
Project Description in their evaluation. As well, preference will be
given to projects with clear, convincing plans for Internet-accessible
dissemination in interoperable formats of the results of BS&I
supported activity.
A summary rating and accompanying narrative will be completed and signed by
each reviewer. In all cases, reviews are treated as confidential documents.
Verbatim copies of reviews, excluding the names of the reviewers, are sent
to the Principal Investigator/Project Director by the Program Director. In
addition, the proposer will receive an explanation of the decision to award
or decline funding.
B. Review Protocol and Associated Customer Service Standard
All proposals are carefully reviewed by at least three other persons
outside NSF who are experts in the particular field represented by the
proposal. Proposals submitted in response to this announcement/solicitation
will be reviewed by Mail Review followed by Panel Review.
Reviewers will be asked to formulate a recommendation to either support or
decline each proposal. The Program Officer assigned to manage the
proposal's review will consider the advice of reviewers and will formulate
a recommendation.
NSF is striving to be able to tell applicants whether their proposals have
been declined or recommended for funding within six months for 70 percent
of proposals. The time interval begins on the date of receipt. The interval
ends when the Division Director accepts the Program Officer's
recommendation.
In all cases, after programmatic approval has been obtained, the proposals
recommended for funding will be forwarded to the Division of Grants and
Agreements for review of business, financial, and policy implications and
the processing and issuance of a grant or other agreement. Proposers are
cautioned that only a Grants and Agreements Officer may make commitments,
obligations or awards on behalf of NSF or authorize the expenditure of
funds. No commitment on the part of NSF should be inferred from technical
or budgetary discussions with a NSF Program Officer. A Principal
Investigator or organization that makes financial or personnel commitments
in the absence of a grant or cooperative agreement signed by the NSF Grants
and Agreements Officer does so at its own risk.
VII. AWARD ADMINISTRATION INFORMATION
A. Notification of the Award
Notification of the award is made to the submitting organization by a
Grants Officer in the Division of Grants and Agreements. Organizations
whose proposals are declined will be advised as promptly as possible by the
cognizant NSF Program Division administering the program. Verbatim copies
of reviews, not including the identity of the reviewer, will be provided
automatically to the Principal Investigator. (See section VI.A. for
additional information on the review process.)
B. Award Conditions
An NSF award consists of: (1) the award letter, which includes any special
provisions applicable to the award and any numbered amendments thereto; (2)
the budget, which indicates the amounts, by categories of expense, on which
NSF has based its support (or otherwise communicates any specific approvals
or disapprovals of proposed expenditures); (3) the proposal referenced in
the award letter; (4) the applicable award conditions, such as Grant
General Conditions (NSF-GC-1)* or Federal Demonstration Partnership (FDP)
Terms and Conditions * and (5) any announcement or other NSF issuance that
may be incorporated by reference in the award letter. Cooperative agreement
awards also are administered in accordance with NSF Cooperative Agreement
Terms and Conditions (CA-1). Electronic mail notification is the preferred
way to transmit NSF awards to organizations that have electronic mail
capabilities and have requested such notification from the Division of
Grants and Agreements.
*These documents may be accessed electronically on NSF's Web site at
http://www.nsf.gov/home/grants/grants_gac.htm. Paper copies may be obtained
from the NSF Publications Clearinghouse, telephone (301) 947-2722 or by
e-mail from pubs@nsf.gov.
More comprehensive information on NSF Award Conditions is contained in the
NSF Grant Policy Manual (GPM) Chapter II, available electronically on the
NSF Web site at http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/getpub?gpm. The GPM is also for
sale through the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office
(GPO), Washington, DC 20402. The telephone number at GPO for subscription
information is (202) 512-1800. The GPM may be ordered through the GPO Web
site at http://www.gpo.gov.
Special Award Conditions
Special specimen collection conditions apply. The awardee shall ensure that
award activities carried on both inside and outside the U.S. and its
territories and possessions are coordinated, as necessary, with appropriate
Government authorities, and that appropriate licenses, permits or approvals
are obtained prior to undertaking proposed activities. NSF does not assume
responsibility for awardee compliance with the laws and regulations of the
country in which the work is to be conducted.
C. Reporting Requirements
For all multi-year grants (including both standard and continuing grants),
the PI must submit an annual project report to the cognizant Program
Officer at least 90 days before the end of the current budget period.
The Principal Investigator shall provide a summary, in the "Special
Requirements" section of each annual and final project report, of all
permits, licenses or other necessary approvals associated with specimen
collection. The information should include the names of all
permits/licenses/necessary approvals, the granting authority, date
acquired, duration, and the purpose of the permit/license/approval.
Within 90 days after the expiration of an award, the PI also is required to
submit a final project report. Approximately 30 days before expiration, NSF
will send a notice to remind the PI of the requirement to file the final
project report. Failure to provide final technical reports delays NSF
review and processing of pending proposals for that PI. PIs should examine
the formats of the required reports in advance to assure availability of
required data.
NSF has implemented an electronic project reporting system, available
through FastLane. This system permits electronic submission and updating of
project reports, including information on project participants (individual
and organizational), activities and findings, publications, and other
specific products and contributions. PIs will not be required to re-enter
information previously provided, either with a proposal or in earlier
updates using the electronic system.
VIII. CONTACTS FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
General inquiries regarding Biotic Surveys and Inventories should be made
to:
* Program Director, for Biotic Surveys and Inventories, Directorate for
Biological Sciences, Division of Environmental Biology, Room 635,
telephone: 703-292-8481.
* Program Officers, Systematic and Population Biology Cluster,
Directorate for Biological Sciences, Division of Environmental
Biology, Room 635, telephone: 703-292-8481.
For questions related to the use of FastLane, contact:
* Ms. Elaine Washington, FastLane Liaison, Directorate for Biological
Sciences, Division of Environmental Biology, Room 635, telephone:
703-292-7193, e-mail: eputney@nsf.gov.
* Questions can also be directed to, BIOFL@nsf.gov, Directorate for
Biological Sciences, Room 695, telephone: 703-292-8406, e-mail:
biofl@nsf.gov.
IX. OTHER PROGRAMS OF INTEREST
The NSF Guide to Programs is a compilation of funding for research and
education in science, mathematics, and engineering. The NSF Guide to
Programs is available electronically at
http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/getpub?gp. General descriptions of NSF programs,
research areas, and eligibility information for proposal submission are
provided in each chapter.
Many NSF programs offer announcements or solicitations concerning specific
proposal requirements. To obtain additional information about these
requirements, contact the appropriate NSF program offices. Any changes in
NSF's fiscal year programs occurring after press time for the Guide to
Programs will be announced in the NSF E-Bulletin, which is updated daily on
the NSF web site at http://www.nsf.gov/home/ebulletin, and in individual
program announcements/solicitations. Subscribers can also sign up for NSF's
Custom News Service (http://www.nsf.gov/home/cns/start.htm) to be notified
of new funding opportunities that become available.
Microbial Observatories. The Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO) has
announced a competition to establish research activities by individual
investigators or teams of investigators to develop and conduct research at
a variety of sites dedicated to studies of microbial communities over time
and across environmental gradients. The long-term goal of the Microbial
Observatories (MO) activity is to discover previously unknown microbes and
to describe and characterize microbial diversity, phylogenetic
relationships, interactions, and other novel properties by developing a
network of sites, "microbial observatories." The Program Announcement (NSF
00-21) is available on the NSF website at
http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2000/nsf0021/nsf0021.htm.
Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy (PEET). In partnership
with academic institutions, botanical gardens, freshwater and marine
institutes, and natural history museums, the National Science Foundation
seeks to enhance taxonomic research and help prepare future generations of
experts. Through its Special Competition in Systematic Biology, NSF will
support competitively reviewed projects that target groups of poorly known
organisms for modern monographic research. Projects must train new
taxonomists (two per project minimally) and must translate current
expertise into electronic databases and other products with broad
accessibility to the scientific community. The Program Announcement (NSF
00-140) is available on the NSF website at
http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2000/nsf00140/nsf00140.htm.
Biological Research Collections (BRC). The Biological Research Collections
program in the Division of Biological Infrastructure (DBI) provides support
for biological collection improvements, collection-related databasing, and
research to develop better techniques for curation and collection
management. Collections may include natural history specimens, cultures,
stocks, or direct artifacts of organisms such as recorded sounds or
photographic images. The Program Announcement (NSF 98-126) is available
from the NSF website at http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/getpub?nsf98126.
Informal Science Education Supplements. The Informal Science Education
Program (ISE) in the Directorate for Education and Human Resources (EHR)
funds projects that provide rich and stimulating contexts and experiences
for individuals of all ages, interests, and backgrounds to increase their
appreciation for and understanding of science. The ISE program will
consider requests for up to $50,000 to supplement current research awards
from any NSF directorate to assist in the broader dissemination of research
results and to promote science literacy for the general public in an
out-of-school setting. The supplement can be used for any activity that
falls within the definition of an informal science education experience
such as media presentations, exhibits, or youth-based activities. For
further information, see the ISE supplement announcement at
http://www.ehr.nsf.gov/EHR/ESIE/resawrd/Ise-supl.htm.
Research in Undergraduate Institutions (RUI). Faculty members in
predominantly undergraduate institutions are eligible to apply for BS&I
awards under the RUI program (optionally, they may apply in a regular
proposal submission); the main difference between RUI proposals and
"regular" NSF proposals is the additional requirement that RUI proposals
must include an RUI Impact Statement that describes the expected effects of
the proposed research on the research and educational environment of the
institution. Single faculty members and groups of collaborating
investigators from different RUI institutions are eligible for RUI awards.
In addition, faculty members at predominantly undergraduate institutions
are eligible for support as visiting scientists with NSF-funded
investigators at other institutions through the Research Opportunity Awards
(ROA) activity, usually funded as supplements to ongoing NSF research
grants. See the RUI (and ROA) program announcement (NSF 00-144) at
http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2000/nsf00144/nsf00144.htm.
ABOUT THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
The National Science Foundation (NSF) funds research and education in most
fields of science and engineering. Awardees are wholly responsible for
conducting their project activities and preparing the results for
publication. Thus, the Foundation does not assume responsibility for such
findings or their interpretation.
NSF welcomes proposals from all qualified scientists, engineers and
educators. The Foundation strongly encourages women, minorities and persons
with disabilities to compete fully in its programs. In accordance with
Federal statutes, regulations and NSF policies, no person on grounds of
race, color, age, sex, national origin or disability shall be excluded from
participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to
discrimination under any program or activity receiving financial assistance
from NSF (unless otherwise specified in the eligibility requirements for a
particular program).
Facilitation Awards for Scientists and Engineers with Disabilities (FASED)
provide funding for special assistance or equipment to enable persons with
disabilities (investigators and other staff, including student research
assistants) to work on NSF-supported projects. See the program
announcement/solicitation for further information.
The National Science Foundation has Telephonic Device for the Deaf (TDD)
and Federal Information Relay Service (FIRS) capabilities that enable
individuals with hearing impairments to communicate with the Foundation
about NSF programs, employment or general information. TDD may be accessed
at (703) 292-5090, FIRS at 1-800-877-8339.
The National Science Foundation is committed to making all of the
information we publish easy to understand. If you have a suggestion about
how to improve the clarity of this document or other NSF-published
materials, please contact us at plainlanguage@nsf.gov.
PRIVACY ACT AND PUBLIC BURDEN STATEMENTS
The information requested on proposal forms and project reports is
solicited under the authority of the National Science Foundation Act of
1950, as amended. The information on proposal forms will be used in
connection with the selection of qualified proposals; project reports
submitted by awardees will be used for program evaluation and reporting
within the Executive Branch and to Congress. The information requested may
be disclosed to qualified reviewers and staff assistants as part of the
proposal review process; to applicant institutions/grantees to provide or
obtain data regarding the proposal review process, award decisions, or the
administration of awards; to government contractors, experts, volunteers
and researchers and educators as necessary to complete assigned work; to
other government agencies needing information as part of the review process
or in order to coordinate programs; and to another Federal agency, court or
party in a court or Federal administrative proceeding if the government is
a party. Information about Principal Investigators may be added to the
Reviewer file and used to select potential candidates to serve as peer
reviewers or advisory committee members. See Systems of Records, NSF-50,
"Principal Investigator/Proposal File and Associated Records," 63 Federal
Register 267 (January 5, 1998), and NSF-51, "Reviewer/Proposal File and
Associated Records," 63 Federal Register 268 (January 5, 1998). Submission
of the information is voluntary. Failure to provide full and complete
information, however, may reduce the possibility of receiving an award.
Pursuant to 5 CFR 1320.5(b), an agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a
person is not required to respond to an information collection unless it
displays a valid OMB control number. The OMB control number for this
collection is 3145-0058. Public reporting burden for this collection of
information is estimated to average 120 hours per response, including the
time for reviewing instructions. Send comments regarding this burden
estimate and any other aspect of this collection of information, including
suggestions for reducing this burden, to: Suzanne Plimpton, Reports
Clearance Officer, Information Dissemination Branch, Division of
Administrative Services, National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA 22230,
or to Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs of OMB, Attention: Desk
Officer for National Science Foundation (3145-0058), 725 17th Street, N.W.
Room 10235, Washington, D.C. 20503.
OMB control number: 3145-0058.
| en |
converted_docs | 992652 | Required Report - public distribution
**Date:** 5/3/2006
**GAIN Report Number:** GH6001
GH6001
**Ghana**
**Trade Policy Monitoring**
**Annual**
**2006**
**Approved by:**
Ali A. Abdi, Agricultural Attache
U.S. Embassy
**Prepared by:**
Elmasoeur Z. Ashitey, Agricultural Specialist
**Report Highlights:**
Ghana operates a relatively free trade market economy. Tariff remains
Ghana\'s main trade policy instrument. Import tariff exemption is
applied on some agricultural items such as raw materials and ingredients
for animal feed and veterinary drugs. Ghana continues to maintain strict
product standards, such as shelf life and labeling requirements.
Includes PSD Changes: No
Includes Trade Matrix: No
Annual Report
Lagos \[NI1\]
\[GH\]
Table of Contents
[SECTION I: Executive Summary 3](#section-i-executive-summary)
[SECTION 11: AGREEMENT COMPLIANCE 3](#section-11-agreement-compliance)
[A. World Trade Organization 3](#a.-world-trade-organization)
[Market Access 3](#market-access)
[Trade 3](#trade)
[Tariff Barriers 3](#tariff-barriers)
[Non-Tariff Barriers 4](#non-tariff-barriers)
[Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
4](#sanitary-and-phytosanitary-measures)
[Product Specification 5](#product-specification)
[Labeling Requirements 5](#labeling-requirements)
[Shelf Life 5](#shelf-life)
[Product Standards 5](#product-standards)
[Certification 6](#certification)
[OTHER TRADE AGREEMENTS 6](#other-trade-agreements)
[1. Trade Agreements with the United States
6](#trade-agreements-with-the-united-states)
[Free Trade Agreements 6](#free-trade-agreements)
[Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA)
6](#trade-and-investment-framework-agreement-tifa)
[2. Trade Agreements with ECOWAS countries
6](#trade-agreements-with-ecowas-countries)
[3. Ghana-European Partnership Agreement
7](#ghana-european-partnership-agreement)
[4. Ghana Bilateral Trade arrangements
7](#ghana-bilateral-trade-arrangements)
[Section III. Trade Barrier Catalog
7](#section-iii.-trade-barrier-catalog)
[Section IV. Reference Material 7](#section-iv.-reference-material)
[Import Tariff Rates (Table A) 7](#import-tariff-rates-table-a)
[SECTION IV: REFERENCE MATERIAL 8](#section-iv-reference-material)
# SECTION I: Executive Summary
Ghana operates in a relatively free market environment. Trade and
investment liberalization has been integral to Ghana's economic freeform
program. These trade policies of the Government of Ghana (GOG) are
focused on making Ghana the Gateway to West Africa. Tariff and
Non-Tariff barriers in Ghana continue to pose challenges to the
importation of a number of agricultural products. The GOG tariff rates
are ad valorem intended to reduce taxes on many products. The reliance
on ad valorem tariffs, as the main trade instrument contributes to a
more transparent trading regime. However import duties on some products
such as beers, wines, malt drinks and other alcoholic beverages continue
to be high. Around 15% of its tariff lines are bound in agriculture.
Extending the coverage of tariff bindings beyond agriculture would
benefit Ghana and its trading partners by increasing the predictability
of the tariff.
Additionally, Ghana continues to maintain strict product standard
requirements such as shelf life and labeling. Custom procedures are also
long and cumbersome. These requirements often negatively impact trade.
# SECTION 11: AGREEMENT COMPLIANCE
#
## A. World Trade Organization
## Market Access
The Government of Ghana (GOG) has progressively implemented a number of
import policies to promote greater trade liberalization over the past 10
years. Ghana became a member of WTO in 1995. As a founding member, GOG
has pledged to be in full compliance with its WTO commitments to improve
market access. Ghana, generally applies its trade policies and measures
on a non-discriminatory bases to all trading partners. However, the GOG
is also committed to the development of domestic industries that can
compete internationally. Though the GOG has made positive strides there
are significant problems that still remain and add to the cost of doing
business in Ghana. Efforts by the GOG must continue to reform its
cumbersome bureaucracy and eliminate unreasonable import standards.
##
## Trade
## Tariff Barriers
Tariff remains Ghana's main trade policy instrument. Ghana, in
principal, applies an eight-digit tariff nomenclature according to the
Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System as of 1 January
1990. In practice, the classification coincides very closely to the
6-digit HS code description with sub-divisions at the eight-digit
classification level limited to only a few agricultural commodities.
The Ghana tariff system has four ad valorem import duty rates (0, 5, 10
and 20%), which became effective in January 2000. The standard rate of
duty is 20% (for example rice and poultry). The 10% rate is levied on
raw materials. The 5% rate applies to materials for the manufacture of
or prospecting for timber and other natural products. A general
exemption from payment of import duty (zero) can be granted on items
such as veterinary drugs for poultry and other livestock and ingredients
for manufacture of livestock and poultry feed certified as such by the
Ministry of Food and Agriculture. The import duty relief was part of
GOG's policy to increase the contribution of the livestock sector to the
economy. Exemptions are granted according to circumstances. But the
widespread use of discretionary exemptions, often administered under
poorly specified authority, is non-transparent. The GOG is rationalizing
such exemptions to ensure that the relief being granted is benefiting
the country.
In 2003 a 20% additional tariff was imposed on poultry and poultry
products but was not implemented due to resistance from the WTO. The
local poultry farmers have continuously put GOG under pressure to have a
protectionist policy for their industry.
A Value Added Tax (VAT) of 12.5% on the duty-inclusive value of all
imports was promulgated in March 1998 and became effective in December
1998. National Health Insurance Levy of 2.5 percent effective August 1,
2004 was also levied on all imports to be collected by the VAT
Secretariat. Raw foodstuffs are exempted from VAT. A processing fee of
1% of the c.i.f. value is imposed on goods that are statutorily exempt
from the payment of import duty.
In addition to tariffs, the GOG levies fees on the value of imported
shipments in exchange for inspection, listing and classification. An
inspection fee of one percent is levied on all imports. An ECOWAS levy
of 0.5 percent is charged on all goods originating from non- ECOWAS
countries and 0.5 percent Export Development and Investment Fund (EDIF)
levy on all imports were introduced in 2000 and 2001 respectively. Ghana
Customs Network (GCNET) of 0.4% charge for computerization, processing
and documentation.
##
In 2003, a 20precent additional tariff was imposed on poultry and
poultry products (making it 40%) but was not implemented due to
resistance from the business community. Since then, the local poultry
producers have consistently and continuously pressured the GOG to
implement the additional tax in order to protect their industry. In May
2005, the local poultry farmers took the GOG to court for failing to
implement the additional tax imposed on poultry imports. The court
advised that the GOG should support the poultry producers to enable them
to compete with imported poultry. A poultry producer's council is being
set up and it is to be managed by the poultry producers themselves.
## Non-Tariff Barriers
Ghana applies few formal non-tariff barriers. Certain import
prohibitions and controls apply for environmental, health, public safety
and security reasons and under international conventions. Ghana applies
no trade embargos. Ghana has eliminated the issuance of import license
before importation of all goods in order to improve access to its
market. For some agricultural food products (poultry), importers are
required to obtain permits from the Ministry of Food and Agriculture
(MOFA) before importation. However, the introduction of import permit by
the GOG of some agricultural products is restrictive because the
quantity and frequency of imports are controlled. According to the
industry, the GOG cuts down quantity of import and also cause undue
delays in the issuance of the permits. Another major threat to US
exporters of poultry meat is that the GOG is under pressure from
domestic poultry farmers to reduce imports to protect the local
industry.
In April 2000, Ghana replaced the mandatory pre-shipment inspection with
destination inspection, performed by two private contractors.
Documentation requirements were also simplified and more targeted
inspections introduced to facilitate imports. Price verification and
risk-assessment procedures are aimed at preventing duty evasion and
under invoicing. On average it takes approximately seven days for
shipments to clear customs.
## Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
Ghana is an important US agricultural export market and is a major
purchaser of US rice, poultry and wheat and high-value food products.
Ghana could expand its agricultural trade through the elimination of
tariff and non-tariff barriers. Shelf life standards required by GOG are
strict and do not recognize quality, safety, packaging and technological
differences between producers. Many food items entering Ghana should
have 50 percent or more of their shelf life remaining. Such standards
can have effect of blocking US exports to Ghana especially poultry and
high-value food products.
The testing of food products is not clear, uniform or transparent.
Routine inspection and analysis of imported foods at the port of entry
and at the retail level are undertaken to ensure that products are safe.
Expired agricultural products are removed from the market and destroyed
by the Food and Drugs Board (FDB), the GOG regulatory body.
## Product Specification
The GOG adheres to its food labeling requirements and does not impose
any specific restrictions on any packaging materials. However packaged
foodstuff should be stored and conveyed in such a manner as to preserve
its composition, quality, and purity and to minimize the dissipation of
its nutritive properties from climatic and other deteriorating
conditions. The GOG in 2000 issued a circular that prohibits importation
and locally produced vegetable oils labeled as 'non-cholesterol' or
'cholesterol free'. The circular also stated that vegetable oils should
bear the plant source of the oil and labeled as such, for example corn
oil, soy oil, and sunflower oil. The claim by the Food and Drugs Board
(FDB) is that all plant sources of edible oil are cholesterol free. An
importer of US vegetable oil was asked by the FDB to delete the 'No
Cholesterol' label on all the vegetable oils before he would be allowed
to sell the produce in his supermarket. This labeling issue is not very
clear and could affect US edible exports to Ghana.
## Labeling Requirements
The Government of Ghana (GOG) continues to enforce a product-labeling
law. All products must clearly identify in English the type of product
being imported, the ingredients or components, the country of origin,
and establish a date of expiration/Best before Use for perishables.
Labels can be printed on the package or be of a permanent adhesive type.
Products cannot show more than one date of manufacture or expiration
date on the package. Non- complying goods are subject to government
seizure.
## Shelf Life
In Ghana all products should carry expiry dates and/or shelf life. The
active ingredients should be specified on the packaging material where
applicable. The GOG requirement is that the expiry date should be at
least half the shelf life as at the time of inspection. Expired imported
goods are seized at the port of entry and destroyed. The shelf life of a
product is calculated from the date of production until the date of
completion of all customs procedures and import certification at the
Ghana port of entry.
## Product Standards
Ghana has issued its own standards for most products under the auspices
of the Ghana Standards Board (GSB), which subscribes to accepted
international practices for testing of imports for purity and efficacy.
The GSB has promulgated approximately 160 Ghanaian standards and adopted
over 300 foreign standards for certification purposes. The Food and
Drugs Board (FDB) regulates, enforces and certifies food, drugs,
cosmetics, and other products that have health implications for the
consuming public.
## Certification
Sanitary or health certificates are required for plants and seeds, live
animals, poultry (including eggs and day old chicks), meat, liquor.
Under the Disease of Animals Act 1961 (Act 83), imported animals,
carcasses and parts thereof must be free of disease. As such meat and
meat products must be accompanied by a certificate issued by the
veterinary department of the country of origin stating that: (I) the
animals from which the product is derived were free from infectious and
contagious diseases, (ii) the product has been inspected by the
veterinary authority and has been passed as wholesome and fit for human
consumption, (iii) the animals were slaughtered in an approved slaughter
house, and that (iv) the product is free from radioactive contaminants.
## OTHER TRADE AGREEMENTS
## 1. Trade Agreements with the United States
### Free Trade Agreements
Presently, Ghana has no free trade agreements with the US. The GOG has
expressed its strong desire to enter into negotiations to establish an
FTA with the US and a number of policy discussions have been held
between the two countries.
### Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA)
In February 1999 Ghana and the US signed a Trade and Investment
Framework Agreement (TIFA)- one of the first of such agreements with a
country in sub-Saharan Africa. The TIFA is to establish a mechanism that
would facilitate concrete measures required to continue moving the two
countries to liberalized trade and investment. The agreement provides a
mutual bilateral economic relationship between the two countries and
seeks to encourage and facilitate private sector contracts between them.
The agreement consists of ten articles. The TIFA established US-Ghana
Council on Trade and Investment composed of representatives of both
countries. The Council meets regularly to discuss specific trade and
investment matters, providing a valuable mechanism for promptly
addressing these and other issues that may arise between the US and
Ghana.
## 2. Trade Agreements with ECOWAS countries
Ghana is a member and co-founder of the Economic Community of West
African States (ECOWAS), established in 1975. ECOWAS is made up of 15
member countries namely Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Côte d\'Ivoire,
Gambia, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria,
Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo. Mauritania opted out in 2000. The aim
of ECOWAS is to establish a customs union and a single currency among
members.
Under a program of trade liberalization launched in 1979, tariff and
non-tariff barriers to intra-ECOWAS trade in some selected goods were
lifted provided that they appear on the list of products established by
the Community. However, member countries are not respecting the
timetable for implementation of these provisions. In an attempt to
revitalize the agreement, the ECOWAS Trade Liberalization Scheme was
established in 1990, with the goal of phasing out tariffs on specified
goods within five years. Pursuant to this agreement, Ghana has provided
tariff reductions of 20 percent on few goods from member countries.
ECOWAS foresees the establishment of a free-trade area and, ultimately,
a Customs Union, but it has made little progress to date. Ghana is
committed to regional integration, and wishes to accelerate such
initiatives.
## 3. Ghana-European Partnership Agreement
The EU is Ghana's biggest trading partner currently taking up 43 percent
of Ghana's exports and providing 40 percent of total imports in the last
five years. Total EU exports to Ghana in 2005 exceeded 2 billion Euros
of which 20 percent were in agricultural products. Ghana's exports to
the EU yielded about 140 million Euros of which 40 percent were in
agricultural products.
In June 2000, Ghana was one of 77 African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP)
countries to sign the Cotonou Partnership Agreement (the successor to
the Lomé Convention), with 15 member states of the European Union (EU).
This agreement offers a non-reciprocal preferential trade agreement. As
a signatory to the ACP-EU Partnership Agreement, Ghana receives
non-reciprocal tariff and other preferences from the EU on many goods,
as well as substantial financial assistance.
Since September 2002 the EU and the ACP including Ghana have been
negotiating for Economic Partnership Agreements (EPA). The EPA is aimed
at establishing new WTO compatible trading arrangements progressively
removing barriers between EU and ACP countries. These negotiations are
expected to result in new Free Trade Agreements (FTA) by 2008.
## 4. Ghana Bilateral Trade arrangements
Ghana has bilateral arrangements with several trading partners, such as
Malaysia, the Czech Republic, and Côte d\'Ivoire, and is negotiating
more, including with Romania, Greece, Burkina Faso, Zimbabwe, and Libya.
# Section III. Trade Barrier Catalog
There is no trade barrier catalog available.
# Section IV. Reference Material
# Import Tariff Rates (Table A)
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| **Commodity** | **Import Tariff** |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Poultry | 20% |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Rice | 20% |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Wheat | 20% |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Sea food | 5% |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Beef | 20% |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Cow leg | 20% |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Fresh fruits (Apples, grapes) | 20% |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| HVP (Breakfast cereals, drinks, | 20% |
| juices, edible oils, | |
| | |
| Canned seafood and meat, canned | |
| fruits & vegetables, pastry | |
| cakes, biscuits, pasta, tomato | |
| puree, ketch up etc | |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Veterinary Drugs, animal feed | 0 |
| ingredients | |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Wines, Beer, malt | 40% |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
# SECTION IV: REFERENCE MATERIAL
For further information regarding specific Trade policy issues, contact
FAS/Accra.
Agricultural Affairs Office
U.S. Embassy
Public Affairs Complex
Ridge Roundabout
PO Box GP 2288
Tel: 234‑1‑261-3926
Fax: 234-1- 2629835
e‑mail: <aglagos@usda.gov>, <agaccra@usda.gov>, <AshiteyEZ@state.gov>
Tel: 011-233 244331507, 233 21231218
| en |
all-txt-docs | 222691 | Dataset: EMAP Lakes Zooplankton names
File Name: zoonam
Date Created: 03/13/97
# Variables: 2
# Header Records: 12
# Data Records: 392
Missing Value Symbol: .
Variables: SPPNAME Zooplankton Species Name
TAXACODE EMAP code for zooplankton taxa
"SPPNAME","TAXACODE"
"Acantholebris curvirostris","ACANCUR"
"Acanthocyclops robustus","ACANROB"
"Acanthocyclops vernalis","ACANVER"
"Acari (water mites)","ACARISP"
"Acroperus harpae","ACROHAR"
"Aglaodiaptomus leptopus","AGLALEP"
"Aglaodiaptomus spatulocrenatus","AGLASPA"
"Alonella cf. acutirostris","ALONACU"
"Alona affinis","ALONAFF"
"Alona costata","ALONCOS"
"Alonella diaphana","ALONDIA"
"Alonella exisa","ALONEXI"
"Alonella nana","ALONNAN"
"Alona quadrangularis","ALONQUA"
"Alonella sp1","ALONSP1"
"Alona spp.","ALONSPP"
"Amphipoda","AMPHISP"
"Anuraeopsis fissa","ANURFIS"
"Anuraeopsis cf navicula","ANURNAV"
"Ascomorpha agilis v. americana _","ASCOAGA"
"Ascomorpha agilis","ASCOAGI"
"Ascomorpha ecuadis _","ASCOECA"
"Ascomorpha klementi","ASCOKLE"
"Ascomorpha minima","ASCOMIN"
"Ascomorpha saltans _","ASCOSAL"
"Asplanchna brightwelli _","ASPLBRI"
"Asplanchna herricki _","ASPLHER"
"Asplanchna priodonta _","ASPLPRI"
"Bdelloidea","BDELLOI"
"Bipalpus hudsoni _","BIPAHUD"
"Bosmina longirostris","BOSMLON"
"Brachionus angularis","BRACANG"
"Brachionus budapestinensis","BRACBUD"
"Brachionus calyciflorus","BRACCAL"
"Brachionus caudatus","BRACCAU"
"Brachionus havanaensis","BRACHAV"
"Brachionus sp.","BRACHSP"
"Brachionus plicatilis","BRACPLI"
"Brachionus quadridentatus","BRACQUAD"
"Brachionus sessilis","BRACSES"
"Brachionus urceolaris","BRACURC"
"Large Calanoid Copepodites","CALCOPL"
"Calanoid copepodites (<0.6 )","CALCOPS"
"Camptocercus spp.","CAMPSP"
"Camptocercus rectirostris","CAMTREC"
"Cephalodella apoclea","CEPHAPO"
"Cephalodella sp. _","CEPHASP"
"Cephalodella cf. catellina","CEPHCAT"
"Cephalodella cf. crassipes","CEPHCRA"
"Cephalodella forficula","CEPHFOR"
"Cephalodella gibba _","CEPHGIB"
"Cephalodella cf. globata","CEPHGLO"
"Cephalodella cf. glypha","CEPHGLY"
"Cephalodella cf. gobio","CEPHGOB"
"Cephalodella intuta","CEPHINT"
"Cephallodella ventripes angustior","CEPVEAN"
"Ceriodaphnia dubia","CERIODU"
"Ceriodaphnia lacustris","CERIOLA"
"Ceriodaphnia pulchella","CERIOPU"
"Ceriodaph. cf. quadrangularis","CERIOQD"
"Ceriodaphnia reticulata","CERIORE"
"Ceriodaphnia rotunda","CERIORO"
"Ceriodaphnia spp.","CERIOSP"
"Chaoborus albatus","CHAOBAL"
"Chaoborus americanus","CHAOBAM"
"Chaoborus spp.","CHAOBSP"
"Chaoborus trivittatus","CHAOBTR"
"Chaoborus flavicans","CHAOFLA"
"Chaoborus punctipennis","CHAOPUN"
"Chironomid larvae","CHIROLV"
"Chromogaster ovalis _","CHROOVA"
"Chydorus bicornutus","CHYDBIC"
"Chydorus brevilabris","CHYDBRE"
"Chydorus faviforms","CHYDFAV"
"Chydorus cf. ovalis","CHYDOVA"
"Chydorus piger","CHYDPIG"
"Chydorus sp1","CHYDSP1"
"Chydorus sp2","CHYDSP2"
"Chydorus sp3","CHYDSP3"
"Chydorus sp4","CHYDSP4"
"Chydorus sphaericus","CHYDSPH"
"Chydorus spp.","CHYDSSP"
"Collotheca cf. balatonica","COLCFBL"
"Collotheca cf. mutabilis","COLCFMT"
"Collotheca balatonica","COLLBAL"
"Collotheca libera","COLLIBE"
"Collotheca mutabilis_","COLLMUT"
"Collotheca sp.","COLLOSP"
"Collotheca pelagica _","COLLPEL"
"Collotheca sp1","COLLSP1"
"Collurella dicentra","COLUDIC"
"Collotheca uncinata bicuspidata","COLUNBI"
"Colurella obtusa","COLUOBT"
"Colurella uncinata","COLUUNC"
"Conochiloides sp.","CONOCHS"
"Conochiloides coenobasis","CONOCOE"
"Conochilus sp.","CONOCSP"
"Conochiloides dossuarius _","CONODOS"
"Conochiloides exiguus.","CONOEXI"
"Conochilus hippocrepis_","CONOHIP"
"Conochiloides natans_","CONONAT"
"Concochilus unicornis_","CONOUNI"
"Cyclops scutifer","CYCLSCU"
"Cyclops cf.venustoides bispinosus","CYCLVEN"
"Large Cyclopoid Copepodites","CYLCOPL"
"Cyclopoid copepodites (<0.6)","CYLCOPS"
"Daphnia ambigua","DAPAMBI"
"Daphnia catawba var1","DAPATLA"
"Daphnia catawba","DAPCATA"
"Daphnia dubia","DAPDUBI"
"Daphnia galeata mendotae","DAPGALM"
"Daphnia sp.","DAPHNSP"
"Daphnia hybrid","DAPHYB"
"Daphnia immature","DAPIMMA"
"Daphnia laevis","DAPLAEV"
"Daphnia longiremis","DAPLONG"
"Daphnia parvula","DAPPARV"
"Daphnia pulicaria","DAPPULI"
"Daphnia pulex","DAPPULX"
"Dap. retrocurva/dubia","DAPRETD"
"Daphnia retrocurva","DAPRETR"
"Daphnia rosea","DAPROSE"
"Daphnia schodleri","DAPSCHO"
"Diacyclops thomasi","DIACTHO"
"Diaphanosoma birgei","DIAPHBI"
"Diaphanosoma brachyurum","DIAPHBR"
"Diaphanosoma spp.","DIAPHSP"
"Diaptomus hybrid","DIAPHYB"
"Skistodiaptomus pallidus","DIAPPAL"
"Diaptomus sp.","DIAPTSP"
"Epiphanes clavulata","EPIPCLA"
"Epiphanes pelagica","EPIPPEL"
"Epischura copepodites","EPISCOP"
"Epischura lacustris","EPISLAC"
"Epischura nordenskioldi","EPISNOR"
"Ergasilus chatauquaensis","ERGASIL"
"Ergasilus cf. versicolor","ERGAVER"
"Eubosmina coregoni","EUBOCOR"
"Eubosmina hagmanni","EUBOHAG"
"Eubosmina cf kessleri","EUBOKES"
"Eubosmina longispina","EUBOLON"
"Eubosmina tubicen","EUBOTUB"
"Euchlanis calpidia","EUCHCAL"
"Euchlanis dilatata _","EUCHDIL"
"Euchlanis sp.","EUCHLSP"
"Euchlanis meneta","EUCHMEN"
"Euchlanis oropha","EUCHORP"
"Euchlanis cf. pellucida","EUCHPEL"
"Euchlanis triquetra _","EUCHTRI"
"Eucyclops triquetera f. pterigoidea","EUCTPTE"
"Eucyclops sp.","EUCYCSP"
"Eucyclops macrurus","EUCYMAC"
"Eucyclops neomacruroides","EUCYNEO"
"Eucyclops prionphorus","EUCYPRI"
"Eucyclops cf. serrulatus","EUCYSER"
"Eurycercus lamellatus","EURYLAM"
"Filinia longiseta _","FILILON"
"Filinia terminalis _","FILITER"
"Filinia long/term","FILLNTR"
"Gastropus hyptopus (large)","GASTHYL"
"Gastropus hyptopus_","GASTHYS"
"Gastrotrich","GASTICH"
"Gastropus cf. minor","GASTMIN"
"Gastropus stylifer","GASTSTY"
"Graptoleberis testudinaria","GRAPTES"
"Harpacticoid Copepods","HARPCOP"
"Hexarthra cf. fennica","HEXAFEN"
"Hexarthra mira _","HEXAMIR"
"Hexarthra sp","HEXARSP"
"Hexarthra intermedia","HEXINTR"
"Holopedium gibberum","HOLOGIB"
"Ilyocryptus spinifer","ILYOSPN"
"Kellicottia bostoniensis__","KELLBOS"
"Kellicottia longispina_","KELLONG"
"Keratella armadura","KERARMA"
"Keratella sp.","KERATSP"
"Keratella cochlearis f. tecta _","KERCOTE"
"Keratella cochlearis f typica sp1 _","KERCOTS"
"Keratella cochlearis f. typica","KERCOTY"
"Keratella cochlearis var","KERCOVA"
"Keratella crassa morph","KERCRAM"
"Keratella crassa _","KERCRAS"
"Keratella earlinae _","KEREARL"
"Keratella gracilenta","KERGRAC"
"Keratella hiemalis _","KERHIEM"
"Keratella cochlearis hispida short spine morph","KERHISM"
"Keratella hispida _","KERHISP"
"Keratella micracantha","KERMICR"
"Keratella mixta","KERMIXT"
"Keratella paludosa","KERPALU"
"Keratella quadrata _","KERQUAD"
"Keratella robusta _","KERROBU"
"Keratella serrulata f. curvicornis _","KERSERC"
"Keratella taurocephala _","KERTAUR"
"Keratella testudo","KERTEST"
"Keratella ticinensis","KERTICI"
"Keratella tropica","KERTROP"
"Kurzia latissima","KURZLAT"
"Kurzia cf. longirostris","KURZLON"
"Latona setifera","LATONAS"
"Latona parviremis","LATOPAR"
"Lecane crepida","LECACRE"
"Lecane flexilis","LECAFLE"
"Lecane hornemanni","LECAHOR"
"Lecane inopinata","LECAINO"
"Lecane intrasinuata","LECAINT"
"Lecane leontina","LECALEO"
"Lecane ludwigi","LECALUD"
"Lecane luna _","LECALUN"
"Lecane luna v. presumpta","LECALUP"
"Lecane mucronata","LECAMUC"
"Lecane sp.","LECANSP"
"Lecane ohioensis","LECAOHI"
"Lecane papuana","LECAPAP"
"Lecane cf. pelatis","LECAPEL"
"Lecane ploenensis","LECAPLO"
"Lecane cf. pumilla","LECAPUM"
"Lecane sagula","LECASAG"
"Lecane satyrus","LECASAT"
"Lecane signifera","LECASIG"
"Lecane tudicola","LECATUD"
"Lecane ligona abnobensis _","LECLIAB"
"Lecane mira","LECMIRA"
"Lecane stichaea","LECSTIC"
"Lecane stokesii","LECSTOK"
"Lecane tenuiseta","LECTENU"
"Lepadella cristata","LEPACRI"
"Lepadella acuminata _","LEPACUM"
"Lepadella sp.","LEPADSP"
"Lepadella ehrenbergi","LEPAEHR"
"Lepadella ovalis _","LEPAOVA"
"Lepadella patella _","LEPAPAT"
"Lepadella cf. rezvoji","LEPAREZ"
"Lepadella rhomboides","LEPARHO"
"Lepadella triptera","LEPATR"
"Lepadella patella f. similis","LEPPASI"
"Leptodiaptomus minutus","LEPTDMI"
"Leptodiaptomus nudus","LEPTDNU"
"Leptodiaptomus sicilis","LEPTDSI"
"Leptodora kindtii","LEPTKIN"
"Leydigia quadrangularis","LEYDQUA"
"Lophocharis salpina","LOPHSAL"
"Macrocyclops albidus","MACRALB"
"Macrocyclops fuscus","MACRFUS"
"Macrochaetes multispinosus","MACRMUL"
"Macrochaetus collinsi","MACROCO"
"Macrochaetus sp.","MACROSP"
"Macrochaetus subquadratus","MACSUBQ"
"Mesocyclops edax","MESOEDA"
"Microcodon clavis","MICROCO"
"Microcodides sp.","MICROSP"
"Microcyclops varicans","MICRVAR"
"Monostyla lunaris perplexa _","MONLUNP"
"Monostyla acus","MONOACU"
"Monostyla bicerca v. crypta","MONOBIC"
"Monostyla bulla _","MONOBUL"
"Monostyla closterocerca","MONOCLO"
"Monostyla copeis","MONOCOP"
"Monostyla cornuta","MONOCOR"
"Monostyla crenata","MONOCRN"
"Monostyla elachis","MONOELA"
"Monostyla furcata","MONOFUR"
"Monomatta grandis","MONOGR"
"Monostyla hamata","MONOHAM"
"Monostyla lunaris _","MONOLUN"
"Monomatta arndti","MONOMAR"
"Monostyla monostyla","MONOMO"
"Monomatta sp.","MONOMSP"
"Monostyla obtusa","MONOOBT"
"Monostyla pyriformis _","MONOPYR"
"Monostyla quadridentata _","MONOQUA"
"Monostyla scutata","MONOSCU"
"Monospilus dispar","MONOSDI"
"Monostyla sp.","MONOSSP"
"Monostyla stenroosi","MONOSTN"
"Mytilina sp.","MYTILSP"
"Mytilina cf acanthophora","MYTLACA"
"Mytilina ventralis","MYTLVEN"
"Nauplii","NAUPLII"
"Notholca acuminata extensa","NOTHACU"
"Notholca labis","NOTHLAB"
"Notholca squamula","NOTHSQU"
"Notommata cf. codonella","NOTOCOD"
"Notommata copeus","NOTOCOP"
"Notommata sp.","NOTOMSP"
"Onychodiaptomus birgei","ONYCBIR"
"Onychodiaptomus sanguinius","ONYCSAN"
"Ophryoxus gracilis","OPHRGRA"
"Orthocyclops modestus","ORTHMOD"
"Osphranticum labronectum","OSPHLAB"
"Ostracoda","OSTRACA"
"Paracyclops affinis","PARCYAF"
"Planaria","PLANARI"
"Platyias patulus_","PLATPAT"
"Platyias quadracornis","PLATQUA"
"Pleuroxus denticulatus","PLEURDE"
"Pleuroxus hastatus","PLEURHA"
"Pleuroxus procurvus","PLEURPR"
"Pleuroxus sp.","PLEURSP"
"Pleuroxus striatus","PLEUSTR"
"Pleuroxus trigonellus","PLEUTRI"
"Ploesoma lenticulare _","PLOELEN"
"Ploesoma truncatum _","PLOETRU"
"Polyarthra dolichoptera_","POLYDOL"
"Polyarthra euryptera _","POLYEUR"
"Polyarthra major _","POLYMAJ"
"Polyphemus pediculus","POLYPED"
"Polyarthra cf. proloba","POLYPRO"
"Polyarthra remata _","POLYREM"
"Polyarthra vulgaris longiremis","POLYVLO"
"Polyarthra vulgaris _","POLYVUL"
"Pomph cf. complanata","POMPCOM"
"Pompholyx sulcata _","POMPSUL"
"Proales commutata","PROACOM"
"Proalides sp.","PROADSP"
"Proales sp.","PROALSP"
"Proalinopsis staurus","PROALST"
"Proales parasita","PROPARA"
"Ptygura libera_","PTYGLIB"
"Ptygura sp.","PTYGUSP"
"Rhynchotalona falcata","RHYNFAL"
"Rousseletia corniculata","ROUSCOR"
"Scapholeberis kingi","SCAPKIN"
"Scapholeberis mucronata","SCAPMUC"
"Scaridium sp.","SCARISP"
"Scaridium longicaudum","SCARLON"
"Sida crystallina","SIDACRY"
"Simocephalus serrulatus","SIMOSER"
"Simocephalus vetulus","SIMOVET"
"Skistodiaptomus oregonensis","SKISORE"
"Skistodiaptomus pygmaeus","SKISPYG"
"Small bosminids (<.22 )","SMBOSMI"
"Squatinella bifurca","SQUABI"
"Streblocercus serricaudatus","STRESER"
"Synchaeta asymmetrica_","SYNCASY"
"Synchaeta atlantica","SYNCATL"
"Synchaeta cf. bicornis","SYNCBIC"
"Synchaeta cecilia cecilia","SYNCECE"
"Synchaeta cf. fennica","SYNCFEN"
"Synchaeta sp.","SYNCHSP"
"Synchaeta kitina _","SYNCKIT"
"Synchaeta oblonga_","SYNCOBL"
"Synchaeta pectinata _","SYNCPEC"
"Synchaeta stylata _","SYNCSTY"
"Synchaeta tremula_","SYNCTRE"
"Synchaeta lakowitziana","SYNLAKO"
"Synchaeta longipes","SYNLONG"
"Taphrocampa selenura","TAPHSEL"
"Tardigrade","TARDIGR"
"Testudinella emarginula","TESTEMR"
"Testudinella parva","TESTPAR"
"Testudinella patina f. intermedia _","TESTPIN"
"Testudinella patina f. trilobata _","TESTPTR"
"Testudinella tridentata","TESTTRI"
"Testudinella spp.","TESTUSP"
"Testudinella vidzemensis","TESTVID"
"Trichocerca bicristata","TRICBIC"
"Trichocerca bidens","TRICBID"
"Trichocerca capucina","TRICCAP"
"Trichocerca cylindrica _","TRICCYL"
"Trichocerca elongata","TRICELN"
"Trichocerca cf. stylata","TRICFSY"
"Trichotria pocillum","TRICHPA"
"Trichotria pocillum","TRICHPO"
"Trichotria sp.","TRICHSP"
"Trichotria tetractis","TRICHTE"
"Trichocerca cf. iernis","TRICIER"
"Trichocerca lata","TRICLAT"
"Trichocerca longiseta","TRICLON"
"Trichocerca lophoessa","TRICLOP"
"Trichocerca multicrinis _","TRICMUL"
"Trichocerca musculus","TRICMUS"
"Trichocerca myersi","TRICMYE"
"Trichocerca insignis","TRICOIN"
"Trichocerca sp.","TRICOSP"
"Trichocerca platessa","TRICPLA"
"Trichocerca porcellus_","TRICPOR"
"Trichocerca pusilla _","TRICPUS"
"Trichocerca rousseleti_","TRICROU"
"Trichocerca similis _","TRICSIM"
"Trichocerca sp1","TRICSP1"
"Trichocerca stylata","TRICSTY"
"Trichocerca tenuidens","TRICTEN"
"Tropocyclops extensus","TROPEXT"
"Tropocyclops sp.","TROPOSP"
"Tropocyclops prasinus","TROPPRA"
"Tylotrocha monopus _","TYLOMON"
"Unidentified rotifer","UNIDROT"
"Unidentified Rotifer 2","UNIROT2"
"Unidentified Rotifer #3","UNIROT3"
"Dreissena polymorpha","ZEBRAM"
"Dreissena polymorpha","ZEBRAVEL"
| en |
markdown | 235613 | # Presentation: 235613
## CBER 510(k) Issues
**Sheryl A. Kochman, MT(ASCP)**
**Chief, Devices Review Branch**
**DBA/OBRR/CBER**
**IVD Roundtable – OIVD Workshop April 23, 2003**
## Why does CBER review devices?
**Jurisdiction for medical device review is governed by the FDA Intercenter Agreement between the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) and the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) (October 31, 1991)**
**Available at:**
** **_**http://www.fda.gov/cber/dap/devpubs.htm**_
## Intercenter Agreement Between CBER and CDRH (October 31, 1991)
**CBER will have the lead responsibility for regulating medical devices used or indicated for the collection, processing, testing, storage, or administration of biological products (including blood products, blood components, or analogous products), and will use authorities under the Public Health Service Act (PHS Act) and the FD&C Act, as well as any other authorities delegated to it, as appropriate.**
## Intercenter Agreement (cont) In vitro tests which are required for blood donor screening and related blood banking practices (such as donor re-entry) are licensed under the PHS Act
**Immunohematology Reagents**
**Blood Grouping Reagents**
**Reagent Red Blood Cells**
**Antihuman Globulins**
**Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL)**
**Blood Borne pathogen tests*******
**HIV 1/2**
**HIV Ag**
**HBsAg**
**HB core**
**HCV**
**HTLV I/II**
*** examples only, not a complete list**
## Intercenter Agreement (cont)
**CBER also has the responsibility for regulating all in vitro diagnostic tests and any other medical devices intended for use for human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV 1) and type 2 (HIV 2) and other retroviruses.**
**These devices, including but not limited to collection devices, specimen containers, test kit components or support materials and those used or indicated for the inactivation of these viruses, will be regulated by CBER under the Medical Device Authorities (MDA).**
## What devices does CBER review ?*
**Medical devices that are dedicated systems intended for use in collection, processing, or administration of a licensed biological or analogous product**
**Includes**
**Apheresis machines**** ******** ****Blood Warmers**
**Filters**** **** **** ******** ****Plasma Thawers**
**Refrigerators**** **** **** ******** ****Stem Cell Concentrator**
**Excludes **
**Administration sets**
**Therapeutic devices**
**Dialysis machines**
**Intraoperative blood salvage devices**
**As stated in the Intercenter Agreement**
## Devices Reviewed at CBER (cont)*
**Certain In Vitro Reagents**
**Those intended for use in the processing of licensed biologicals and analogous products**
**Lectins**
**Protectins**
**Bovine albumin potentiating media**
**Leukocyte typing sera or other medical devices intended for use in the determination of tissue type**
**Quality assurance reagents intended for use in conjunction with a licensed biological reagents or in vitro tests**
## Devices Reviewed at CBER (cont)*
**Medical devices other than reagents intended for use in the preparation of, in conjunction with, or for the quality assurance of a blood bank related licensed biological product or practice.**
**Clinical laboratory devices with separate blood bank claims**
**Software programs for data management in a blood establishment **
**Dosimeters and thermal indicators**
**Microwave ovens used for thawing blood products**
## Devices Reviewed at CBER (cont)
**See also **
**21 CFR 864.9050 through 864.9875**
**List of ****Devices Regulated by CBER**
_**http://www.fda.gov/cber/dap/devlst.htm**_
**KSS/Blood Banking supplies consists of a wide variety of devices, some of which are:**
**Blood temperature indicator**
**Tube stripper**
**Isotonic saline labeled for BB use**
**Blood irradiation label**
**Blood component separator**
## Devices Reviewed at CBER (cont)
**ZZZ/Unclassified was used for devices for which a firm could identify a predicate, and therefore could submit a 510(k) but which had not been formally classified. This group also contains a wide variety of devices, such as:**
**HLA reagents**
**CMV test kits**
**Instrument software**
**Syphilis tests**
**Platelet antigen/antibody tests**
**Leukocyte removal filters**
## What kinds of premarket device submissions does CBER review ?
**Everything that CDRH does**
**But fewer of them**
**INDs and BLAs**
## Special Situations for IVDs*
**For diagnostic use only (except HIV and retroviruses), CDRH regulates under MDA**
**HIV and other retrovirus diagnostics regulated by CBER under MDA**
**For blood donor screening, CBER regulates under MDA, i.e., 510(k)**
**CMV**
**As stated in the Intercenter Agreement**
## Special Situations for IVDs (cont)*
**For diagnostic use *****AND *****blood donor screening, CDRH is lead Center with each center reviewing their respective data sets under MDA**
**CMV**
**Required for use in blood donor testing, CBER regulates under the PHS Act**
**Blood borne pathogen tests (IND/BLA)**
**Syphilis is an exception (reviewed under 510(k))**
**Immunohematology reagents (BLA)**
**Notes:**
Syphilis tests were originally regulated as 510(k) reagents by CDC for use in public health programs.
## What are some of the public health issues that are unique to CBER ?
**Ensuring safety and efficacy of biological therapeutic products**
**Management of those products**
** ****Recalls**
**Management of donors**
**Temporary deferral and subsequent re-entry**
**Permanent deferral**
**Counseling**
**Rapid response to emerging infectious agents**
**TSEs**
**West Nile Virus**
**SARS**
**Notes:**
Since CBER regulates both the therapeutic product and the devices used to test them, this creates some unique situations. In many cases, the results of in vitro tests are key to ensuring the safety and efficacy of biological therapeutic products, e.g., blood components and derivatives.
If after release for distribution of those products, the in vitro reagents used in the testing and release are recalled, we then must evaluate whether or not the products tested with those in vitro reagents should also be recalled.
We also must use the results of the in vitro tests to determine whether or when a donor should be turned away from donating to protect the blood supply.
And as new infectious agents emerge, we are expected to react rapidly to determine whether or not the agents can be transmitted by blood.
## What are some of the outside groups CBER deals with ?
**Significant outside interactions with: **
**Blood Products Advisory Committee**
**Advisory Committee on Blood Safety and Availability**
**PHS Blood**
**FDA, CDC, NIH, DOD**
**Congress**
**Public perception of blood safety**
**Patient advocacy groups**
## Scope of the Blood Industry
**Whole Blood**
**13.9 million units collected/yr**
**18 million components**
**8 million donors**
**3000 registered facilities**
**3.5 million recipients**
**Source Plasma**** **
**12 million units collected/yr**
**Manufactured into 35 different plasma derivative products**
**1 million donors**
**80 licensed establishments**
## What are some of the review issues that are important to CBER ?
** ****Detection and identification of disease in a population of “normal, healthy adults”**
** **** **** **** **** ****Versus**
** ****Diagnosis of disease in a patient showing signs and symptoms of disease**
** ****Requires higher numbers of clinical trial samples to assure statistical significance**
## What are some of the review issues that are important to CBER ?
_**Many**_** of our products are Combination Products because they are linked by their labeling, i.e., a system**
**Licensed reagent(s) (biologicals)**
**Accessory reagents (devices)**
**Accessory instruments (devices)**
**Accessory software (devices)**
**Ancillary goods (devices)**
**Pipettes**
**Tubes**
**Micro-well plates**
**Others are combination products because of their packaging**
**Therapeutic biological in a syringe**
## What are some of the procedural issues that are different at CBER ?
**We currently do not respond by e-mail to incoming e-mails that contain proprietary or confidential information but are working on a secure e-mail system to allow us to do so.**
**We have different submission binding and filing formats.**
**Please see SOPPs 8007 and 8110 at:**
_**http://www.fda.gov/cber/regsopp/regsopp.htm**_
**We have a different address:**
** ****FDA/CBER**
** ****Document Control Center, HFM-99, Suite 200N**
** ****1401 Rockville Pike**
** ****Rockville, MD 20852-1448**
**We usually need more than one copy; please send **_**at least two**_** or call ahead and ask. **
## Recent CBER Process Changes (To Enhance the Review Process)
**New priority courier service for regulatory documents**
**New bar-coded tracking of regulatory documents**
**Close collaboration with CDRH**
**Least Burdensome training**
**Active problem solving during first cycle, not just problem finding**
**Down delegation to Division Directors**
## Recent CBER Process Changes (cont)
**Where possible, use CDRH policies**
**Set internal goals in parallel with CDRH **
**ex. 60 day response for 510(k) IVD submissions**
**Increased pre-submission meetings**
**Device subcommittee of RMCC**
## Is everything unique or different at CBER ?
**ABSOLUTELY NOT !**
**We are subject to the same Congressional mandates as CDRH**
**FDAMA**
**MDUFMA**
**We support the use of pre-submittal (Pre-IDE) meetings**
**CBER SOPP 8101.1 **_**http://www.fda.gov/cber/regsopp/81011.htm**_
**We utilize: **
**Standards & guidances**
**Scientific workshops**
**Advisory committee recommendations**
## How Do I Find a Predicate ?
**Go to CBER’s web site for list of cleared devices 1****st**
**510(k) Blood Establishment Computer Software**
** **_**http://www.fda.gov/cber/products/510ksoft.htm**_
**Substantially Equivalent 510(k) Device Information**
** **_**http://www.fda.gov/cber/efoi/510k.htm**_
**510(k) Device Applications (Cleared Since 1996)**
** **_**http://www.fda.gov/cber/dap/510kman.htm**_
**If you can’t find one on ours, try CDRH’s website**
## What about guidance documents ?
**Most general CDRH guidances are applicable**
**Federal Register - FDA Modernization Act of 1997; List of Documents Issued by the FDA That Apply to Medical Devices Regulated by CBER - 4/26/1999**** **
**Several CBER-specific guidances exist. **
**The following are available at: **
_**http://www.fda.gov/cber/dap/devpubs.htm**_
**Federal Register - Medical Devices; Hematology and Pathology Devices; Reclassification of Automated Blood Cell Separator Device Operating by Filtration Principle from Class III to Class II; Final rule - 2/28/2003**
## CBER-specific guidances
**Draft Guidance for Industry: Premarket Notifications [510(k)s] for In Vitro HIV Drug Resistance Genotype Assays: Special Controls - 8/28/2001**
**Draft Guidance for FDA Reviewers: Premarket Notification Submissions for Automated Testing Instruments Used in Blood Establishments - 8/3/2001**
**Guidance for FDA Reviewers: Premarket Notification Submissions for Blood and Plasma Warmers - 7/19/2001 **
**Guidance for FDA Reviewers: Premarket Notification Submissions for Transfer Sets (Excluding Sterile Connecting Devices) - 7/19/2001 **
## CBER-specific guidances (cont)
**Guidance for FDA Reviewers: Premarket Notification Submissions for Empty Containers for the Collection and Processing of Blood and Blood Components - 7/19/2001**
**Draft Guidance for Industry: Clinical Development Programs for Drugs, Devices, and Biological Products Intended for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis (OA) – 7/15/1999**
**Guidance for Industry: Clinical Development Programs for Drugs, Devices, and Biological Products for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis – 2/17/1999 **
## CBER-specific guidances (cont)
**These CBER-specific guidances are available at: **_**http://www.fda.gov/cber/blood/bldguid.htm**_
**Guidance for Industry: In the Manufacture and Clinical Evaluation of *****In Vitro***** Tests to Detect Nucleic Acid Sequences of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses Types 1 and 2 - 12/14/1999 **
**Draft Guidance for Industry: Application of Current Statutory Authority to Nucleic Acid Testing of Pooled Plasma- 11/26/1999**
## CBER-specific guidances (cont)
**Draft Guidance for Industry: In the Manufacture and Clinical Evaluation of In Vitro Tests to Detect Nucleic Acid Sequences of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 - 7/10/1998 **
**Guidance for Industry - The Sourcing and Processing of Gelatin to Reduce the Potential Risk Posed by Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in FDA-Regulated Products for Human Use - 10/07/1997 **
**Reviewer Guidance for a Premarket Notification Submission for Blood Establishment Computer Software - 1/13/1997 **
## CBER-specific guidances (cont)
**Draft Guideline for the Validation of Blood Establishment Computer Systems - 9/28/1993**
**Draft Points to Consider in the Manufacture and Clinical Evaluation of In Vitro Tests to Detect Antibodies to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 - 8/8/1989**** **
## Contacting CBER About Submissions
**For pre-submission help:**
**Contact the person identified in the slides that follow based on the device you wish to discuss**
**If you cannot decide who to contact, contact the Center Ombudsman, Dr. Sheryl L. Lard-Whiteford**
**For post-submission help:**
**Contact your RPM first (see acknowledgement letter)**
**The RPM can set up conference call or meeting with the review team**
**Contact Division management**
**Contact Office management (Dr. Mary Beth Jacobs for OBRR)**
**Contact the Center Ombudsman**
## How to Contact CBER for Information
**Contact the Office of Communication, Training & Manufacturers Assistance at: **
**Phone**** **** ****301-827-1800 or 800-****835-4709**
**E-mail**** **** **_**MATT@CBER.FDA.GOV**_** **
**Web site **_**http://www.fda.gov/cber/pubinquire.htm**_
**See our current organization charts and lists at:**
** **_**http://intranet.fda.gov/cber/admin/orgcht.htm**_
**Visit our web site:**** **_**http://www.fda.gov/cber/**_
**Guidance: **_**http://www.fda.gov/cber/dap/devpubs.htm**_
## CBER Office of the Director
**Jesse L. Goodman, M.D., M.P.H., Center Director, **
**Previously Deputy for Medicine**
**Spokesperson on West Nile Virus**
**Mark A. Elengold, Deputy Director for Operations**
**Robert A. Yetter, Ph.D., Associate Director for Review Management**
**Diane Maloney, J.D., Associate Director for Policy**
**Sheryl L. Lard-Whiteford, Ph.D., Associate Director for Quality Assurance and CBER Ombudsman**
## Office of Blood Research & Review
**Jay S. Epstein, M.D., Director**
**Richard M. Lewis, Ph.D., Deputy Director**
**Mark J. Weinstein, Ph.D., Associate Deputy Director**
**John S. Finlayson, Ph.D., Associate Director for Science**
**Mary Elizabeth Jacobs, Ph.D., Associate Director for Regulatory Affairs**
**Edward Tabor, Ph.D., Associate Director for Medical Affairs**
**Linda A. Smallwood, Ph.D., Associate Director for Policy (BPAC contact)**
**Notes:**
Note that Dr. Smallwood is the contact for BPAC.
## Division of Blood Applications
**Alan E. Williams, Ph.D., Director**
**Elizabeth G. Callaghan, Deputy Director **
**Sayah Nedjar, Ph.D., Chief, Regulatory Program Management Branch**
**Sheryl A. Kochman, Chief, Devices Review Branch **
**Elizabeth G. Callaghan, Chief (Acting) Blood and Plasma Branch**
## Division of Emerging & Transfusion Transmitted Diseases
**Hira L. Nakhasi, Ph.D., Director**
**Paul A. Mied, Ph.D., Deputy Director**
**Indira K. Hewlett, Ph.D., Chief, Laboratory of Molecular Biology**
**Gerardo Kaplan, Ph.D., Chief, Laboratory of Hepatitis & Related Emerging Agents**
**David Asher, M.D., Chief, Laboratory of Bacterial, Parasitic, & Unconventional Agents**
## Division of Hematology
**Basil (Dov) Golding, M.D., Director (Acting)**
**Andrew Chang, Ph.D., Deputy Director (Acting)**
**Jaro Vostal, M.D., Ph.D., Chief (Acting), Laboratory of Cellular Hemostasis**
**Dorothy E. Scott, M.D., Chief (Acting), Laboratory of Cellular Hematology**
**Andrew Chang, Ph.D., Chief (Acting), Laboratory of Hemostasis**
**Toby A. Silverman, M.D., Chief, Clinical Review Branch**
## Office of Vaccines Research & Review
**Karen Midthun, M.D., Director**
**William M. Egan, Ph.D., Deputy Director**
**Norman W. Baylor, Ph.D., Associate Director for Regulatory Policy**
**Richard I. Walker, Ph.D., Director Division of Bacterial, Parasitic & Allergenic Products**
**Jerry P. Weir, Ph.D., Director, Division of Viral Products**
**Karen L. Goldenthal, M.D., Division of Vaccines & Related Products Applications**
## Office of Cellular, Tissue, & Gene Therapies
**Philip D. Noguchi, M.D., Director (Acting)**
**Joyce L. Frey-Vasconcells, Ph.D., Deputy Director (Acting)**
**Andrea Wright, Regulatory Management Staff**
**Raj K. Puri, M.D., Ph.D., Director (Acting), Division of Cellular & Gene Therapies**
**Cynthia A. Rask, M.D., Director (Acting), Division of Clinical Evaluation & Pharmacology/Toxicology**
**Ruth Solomon, M.D., Director (Acting), Division of Human Tissues**
## Who Does What ?
**Office of Blood Research & Review (OBRR)**
**Division of Blood Applications (DBA)**
**Devices Review Branch**
**Immunohematology/HLA reagents, controls, instruments, and accessories**
**Blood Establishment Computer Software (BECS)**
**Meeting requests for the above**
**Call Sheryl Kochman or staff at 301-827-3503**
## Who Does What ?
**Office of Blood Research & Review (OBRR)(cont)**
**Division of Blood Applications (DBA)(cont)**
**Regulatory Project Management Branch**
**Blood collection, mixing, weighing, storage systems**
**Management and tracking of the reviews**
**Meeting requests for **_**all**_** OBRR (except DRB) submissions**
**Call Dr. Sayah Nedjar or staff at 301-827-5307**
## Who Does What ?
**Office of Blood Research & Review (OBRR) (cont)**
**Division of Emerging & Transfusion Transmitted Diseases (DETTD)**
**Blood borne pathogen reagents, kits, instruments**
**HIV diagnostics, viral load test kits**
**West Nile Virus**
**TSEs**
**Call Dr. Sayah Nedjar or staff at 301-827-5307**
## Who Does What ?
**Office of Blood Research & Review (OBRR) (cont)**
**Division of Hematology (DH)**
**Blood containers, cell separators, processing systems**
**IVDs for platelet antigen/antibody testing**
**Bacterial detection systems**
**Cord/Stem cell collection, processing system**
**Minimally manipulated**
**Call Dr. Sayah Nedjar or staff at 301-827-5307**
## Who Does What ?
**Office of Cellular, Tissue & Gene Therapies ****(OCTGT)**
**Cord/Stem cell collection, processing system**
**More than minimally manipulated**
**Call Dr. Stephanie L. Simek at 301-827-6536**
**Office of Vaccines Research & Review (OVRR)**
**Division of Vaccines & Related Products (DVRPA)**
**Endotoxin testing supplies**
** ****(The kits themselves are licensed biologicals)**
**Call Dr. Paul Richman at 301-827-3070**
## CBER Device Submissions Received*
** **** **** **** **** **** **_**FY00**_** **_**FY01**_** **_**FY02**_
**PMAs (Traditional) **** **** 3 3 1**
**PMSs (Traditional) 5 8 5**
**510(k)s (All Types)**** **** 34 37 42**
**BLAs (Original)**** **** **** 4**** **** 2**** **** 2**
**BLSs (Efficacy)**** **** **** 0**** **** 0**** **** 0**** **
**BLSs (****Manufacturing, PAS****) 124**** **** 47**** **** 35**
***Includes RTAs/RTFs, Transfers, Withdrawals**
## CBER Device Submissions Received* (from 10/1/02 – 3/31/03)
** **** **** **** **** **** **** **_**FY 03**_
**PMAs (Traditional)**** **** **** 1**
**PMSs (180 Day)**** **** **** **** 1**
**510(k)s (All Types)**** **** **** 35**
**BLAs (Original, Std)**** **** **** 0**
**BLSs (Efficacy)**** **** **** **** 3**
**BLSs (Manufacturing, PAS)**** **** 31**
**ALL MDUFMA FY 05 GOALS MET*******
***Data as of 4/15/03**
## 510(k)s Received
**Notes:**
Data: Numbers of 510(k)s Received (Includes those filed, transferred, and refused)
Striped blocks = projected for this year if rate continues
## CBER 510(k)s – Current Status* (Receipts from 10/1/02 – 3/31/03)
** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** ****Under 1****st**** Cycle**
_**510(k) Type Rec’d SE NSE Other Review Complete**_
**Traditional**** **** 21 10 0**** **** 3**** **** 5**** **** 3**** **
**Abbreviated**** **** 6 3 0**** **** 0**** **** 2**** **** 1**** **
_**Special**__** **__** 8 7 1**__** **__** 0**__** **__** 0 0 **_
**Total**** **** **** 35 20 1**** **** 3**** **** 7 4**
***All data as of 4/15/03**
**Notes:**
During FY 98 thru 02, receipts were 34-42/yr
In FY 03 thus far, received 35 in 1st 6 mo.
“Other” may include RTAs, withdrawals, transfers.
“Under Review” means no first action yet
## CBER 510(k) Cycles* (from Receipt to Final Action)
** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** ****Under 1****st**** Cycle**
_**510(k) Type (SE/NSE) (Average)**__******__** **__**Review Completed**_
**Traditional**** **** **** ****10**** **** **** ****1.1**** **** 5 3 **
**Abbreviated 3**** **** **** ****1.3**** **** 2 1 **** **
_**Special**__** **__** **__** 8**__** **__** **__** **__**1.0**__** **__** 0 0 **_
**Total**** **** **** 21 **** ****1.1**** **** 7 4**
*** All data as of 4/15/03**
****Cycles will increase with completion of pendings**
## Time to Final Decision: FY 02* (510(k) Receipt Cohort from 10/1/01 – 9/30/02)
** **** **** **** **** ****FDA Time Total Time**** **** Cycles**
_**510(k) Type n **__**(Days, Ave) **__** **__** **__**(Days, Ave) (Average)**_
**Traditional**** ****18**** **** 141.2**** **** 175.5**** **** 1.89**
**Abbreviated**** **** 7**** **** 124.4**** **** 165.3**** **** 2.00**
_**Special**__** **__** 4**__** **__** 38.8**__** **__** 50.0**__** **__** 1.50**_
**Total**** **** 29 123.0**** **** 155.7**** **** 1.86**
*** SE/NSEs Only; Data as of 4/15/03**
## Time to Final Decision: Current* (510(k) Receipt Cohort from 10/1/02 – 3/31/03)
** **** **** **** **** **** ****FDA Time Total Time**
_**510(k) Type n (Days, Ave)**__******__** **__** (Days, Ave)**__******_
**Traditional**** ****10**** **** 58.8**** **** 61.0**** **
**Abbreviated**** **** 3**** **** 60.0**** **** 69.3**
_**Special**__** **__** **__** 8**__** **__** 19.9**__** **__** 19.9**_
**Total**** **** **** 21 44.1**** **** 46.5**
*** SE/NSEs Only; Data as of 4/15/03**
****Times will increase with completion of pendings**
**Notes:**
Cycle data not available due to pending submissions
## Acknowledgements
**Dr. Mary Beth Jacobs, Ph.D., CBER/OBRR/IOD**
**Michael A. Calabro, Ph.D.; CBER/OBRR/IOD** | en |
markdown | 245935 | # Presentation: 245935
## Natural Hazard Mapping in the Caribbean
- Natural Hazard Mapping in the Caribbean
- - New Initiatives, Emerging Needs
- Presented at High-Level Meeting in the Use of Geospatial Technology in Sustainable Development in the Caribbean,
- March 18, 2004, St. Vincent and the Grenadines
- Cassandra Rogers
- Disaster Mitigation Facility for the Caribbean
- Project Supervision Division
- Caribbean Development Bank
## Impacts of Disasters in Selected Countries
| H. Gilbert [1988) | Jamaica | $1.1 B in damage; 65% of GDP |
| --- | --- | --- |
| H. Hugo [1989] | Antigua/Barbuda, St. Kitts/Nevis, Montserrat, British Virgin Islands | 3.6 B in damage; 200% of GDP for Montserrat
|
| TS. Debby [1994] | St. Lucia | $79 M in damage (18% of GDP); 58% of banana crop loss |
| H. Luis, Marilyn
[1995] | Antigua
Dominica | 60% fewer tourists 3 months after; 65% of GDP
$66.7 M in damage |
| H. Georges
[1998] | St. Kitts | $485 M in damage + 85% housing damaged or destroyed; 50% of sugar harvest |
| H. Lenny [1999] | Barbuda
Anguilla, Dominica,
St. Kitts/Nevis | 95% of agricultural crop
$251 M; [53% of GDP for Dominica] |
| Soufriere Hills Volcano [1995-] | Montserrat | Devastation of the economy |
| Floods [2002] | Jamaica | $116 M in damage
|
## Natural Hazard Risk Management (NHRM)
- Paradigm Shift
- Focus on risk identification and risk reduction rather than on disaster management
- Risk identification: hazard mapping, vulnerability and risk assessment
- Risk reduction: mitigation and prevention
- Mainstreaming NHRM into development planning** **
- Hazard maps are basic information sources
## Montserrat, 1997
**High Risk**
- Hazard mapping: basis for
- NHRM
- Development planning decision-making
##
Mainly project driven
- Mainly project driven
- Status of Hazard Mapping in the Caribbean
- Availability
- regional maps available for EQ, SS, volcanic hazard (2004)
- national - level maps for some hazards; varies by country (~30% coverage)
- few multi-hazard assessments
- national coverage varies
- Scale
- mostly national; suitable for regional planning
- few detailed local level /community maps, but increasing
## Status of Hazard Mapping in the Caribbean
- Input data quality
- often obsolete
- unreliable
- Lack of formal structure to access and disseminate results
- Maps not always user-friendly
- Hazard mapping /assessment methodologies vary
## national / regional development
- Challenges to Systematic Production and Use
- of Hazard Maps for Sustainable Development
- Coordinated and integrated framework for HMVA for
- national / regional development
- standardization of data and mapping methodologies
- digital hazard databases at national level
- digital dbase of natural and anthropogenic features
- integrated into national GIS
- elevation models at appropriate resolution
- same/compatible datum and projection across region
## Current Initiatives
**Facility for the **
**Caribbean (DMFC**)
**Caribbean Hazard **
**Mitigation Capacity **
**Building Programme **
**(CHAMP) **
**Mainstreaming disaster mitigation into development planning**
- Caribbean Development Bank Corporate Priority
- Promote vulnerability reduction to natural disasters through support for development and adoption of hazard mitigation policies, standards and practices
- CDERA
- Comprehensive Disaster Management (CDM) Strategy
- Vulnerability reduction through integrated disaster mitigation and development planning, in the context of the results framework for CDM
**Caribbean Disaster **
**Management Project **
**(CADM) **
## CDERA – CDB Collaboration in Hazard
- CDERA – CDB Collaboration in Hazard
- Mitigation Planning
- Standard products and procedures
- Capacity building in hazard mapping/VA
- National hazard mitigation plans (Belize, Grenada, St. Lucia, Jamaica)
- Digital hazard database compatible with national GIS
- National-level hazard maps for priority hazards
- High resolution multi-hazard mapping of highly vulnerable areas
- Vulnerability assessment of critical facilities
- Hazard Mapping and Assessment Standards
- Hazard data
- Hazard assessment methodologies
- Seeking partnerships
## Impact of the (natural hazard) environment on the project and the project on natural hazards
Integral and extension of EIA
- Integral and extension of EIA
- Mainstreaming Natural Hazard Risk Management
- into Development Planning: Natural Hazard
- Impact Assessment (NHIA)
- Preventative approach to NH risk minimisation through explicit incorporation of hazard mitigation into project design
- NHIA
## NHIA-EIA Process: Principal Natural Hazard Interventions
- NHIA-EIA Process: Principal Natural Hazard Interventions
## Implications for Hazard Mapping/
- NHIA requirement will significantly increase demand for accurate hazard mapping and vulnerability assessments, and at varied scales
- Opportunity to promote enhancement and use of geospatial technology
- Implications for Hazard Mapping/
- Vulnerability Assessment
## Greater demand for high-quality hazard mapping (HM) requires:
Coordinated approaches to HM at national and regional level
Digital hazard databases within national GIS framework
Standardisation of HM and assessment methodologies
Common datum and projection
Capacity building
- Coordinated approaches to HM at national and regional level
- Digital hazard databases within national GIS framework
- Standardisation of HM and assessment methodologies
- Common datum and projection
- Capacity building
- Existing / Emerging Needs
**Centers of Expertise for Hazard Mapping**
- Greater use as a tool to enhance hazard awareness and risk reduction
- More systematic use by planning agencies and other potential users for national/regional development
## Disaster Mitigation Facility for the Caribbean (DMFC)
*“**Strengthening Regional Capacity for Disaster Mitigation”*
**Disaster Mitigation Facility for the Caribbean (DMFC)** | en |
converted_docs | 557466 | MANAGEMENT OF CHEST PAIN SUGGESTIVE OF ISCHEMIA
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GOALS |
| |
| Immediate assessment of patients with chest pain. |
| |
| Timely initiation of treatment. |
| |
| Rapid determination of need for transfer to another facility. |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| MAA immediately notifies triage nurse of patient checking in with |
| chest pain |
| |
| or |
| |
| Patient informs nurse or healthcare provider of chest pain. |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-------------------------------+----+---------------------------------+
| # Nursing Assessm | | Orders for Immediate Treatment |
| ent -- The following must be | | |
| completed within 10 minutes o | | Determine cardiac rhythm on |
| f notification of chest pain: | | monitor. |
| | | |
| Assess pain level: quality, | | Labs --Troponin with results |
| duration, location, | | within one hour of draw, CBC, |
| radiation. | | SMA7, CK-MB, PT, PTT, U/A |
| | | |
| Check vital signs, including | | Aspirin 325 mg chewable |
| SaO~2\ .~ | | |
| | | if no ASA taken in past 3 |
| Start oxygen at 4 liters/min | | hours. |
| nasal cannula. | | |
| | | Nitroglycerine 0.4 mg sl if |
| Obtain 12 lead EKG. | | BP\>100 systolic. |
| | | |
| Notify Provider of patient | | Repeat x 2 five minutes apart |
| with chest pain. | | |
| | | if chest pain not relieved. |
| Provider interprets EKG | | |
| | | Insert saline lock. |
| **\*\*For CBOC patients call | | |
| 911.** EMT's will administer | | Monitor vital signs q 15 |
| meds/tx per their protocol. | | minutes. |
| | | |
| | | Morphine IV as per provider if |
| | | chest pain not relieved by |
| | | nitroclycerine. |
| | | |
| | | Beta blockers as per provider |
| | | if deemed beneficial. |
+-------------------------------+----+---------------------------------+
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
EKG Findings
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-------------------------------+----+---------------------------------+
| ## EK | | ## EKG -- Non-ST elevation |
| G -- ST elevation or new LBBB | | |
+-------------------------------+----+---------------------------------+
+------------------------------+-----+---------------------------------+
| Provider to call ER at | | Determine TIMI Score |
| Vassar 454-8500 | | |
| | | Obtain Cardiology consultation, |
| / HVH 914-737-9000, | | |
| | | via call to Manhattan VA during |
| obtain accepting physician. | | when hours. |
| | | |
| Initiate immediate ACLS | | Determine disposition based on |
| transport. | | provider assessment, and TIMI |
| | | score recommendations |
| Start lovenox 1mg/kg sq if | | |
| no contraindication | | |
+------------------------------+-----+---------------------------------+
+-----------------------------+-----+----------------------------------+
| TIMI score is a simple | | TIMI Score |
| prognostic tool used to | | |
| categorize a patient's risk | | \_\_\_ Age over 65 |
| of death and ischemic | | |
| events and provides a basis | | \_\_\_ 3 or more risk factors |
| for therapeutic decision | | for coronary disease\* |
| making. | | |
| | | \_\_\_ Established CAD |
| [Score]{.underline} [Risk | | |
| Factor]{.underline} | | \_\_\_ 2 or more anginal events |
| | | in past 24 hours |
| 0-1 4.7% | | |
| | | \_\_\_ Use of ASA in past 7 days |
| 2 8.3% | | |
| | | \_\_\_ Elevated enzymes |
| 3 13.2% | | |
| | | \_\_\_ ST depression |
| 4 19.9% | | [\>]{.underline} 0.5mm |
| | | |
| 5 26.2% | | Number of checks = TIMI Score |
| | | \_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| 6-7 40.9% | | |
| | | \*Risk Factors = hypertension, |
| | | cigarette smoking, obesity, |
| | | physical inactivity, |
| | | dislipidemia, DM, |
| | | micro-albuminuria, GFR \<60/min, |
| | | family h/o premature CVD |
+-----------------------------+-----+----------------------------------+
| en |
converted_docs | 310670 | +--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Process | |
| Checklist | |
| for | |
| Operations | |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Overview | In the Operations phase, the device is in use as part |
| | of the system. Assurance is concerned with: |
| | |
| | - Identification of anomalies and determination of |
| | the root cause. |
| | |
| | - Changes in operations that can affect the complex |
| | electronics or invalidate previous testing. |
| | |
| | - Analysis of problems to identify trends |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Entrance | The following criteria should be met prior to |
| Criteria | beginning the Operations phase for complex |
| | electronics: |
| | |
| | - The system has successfully completed all |
| | verifications. |
| | |
| | - Operations procedures are written, approved, and |
| | configuration controlled. |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Responsible | Operator -- Document anomalies and problems. Update |
| Personnel | operations manuals. |
| | |
| | Design Engineer -- Assist in root cause analysis. |
| | |
| | Quality Assurance -- Perform the process and product |
| | assurance activities listed below. |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Not all | |
| steps listed | |
| below have | |
| to be | |
| completed | |
| s | |
| equentially. | |
| When a step | |
| is finished, | |
| the | |
| completion | |
| date is | |
| added to the | |
| table below, | |
| along with | |
| initials of | |
| the | |
| assurance | |
| rep | |
| resentative. | |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
NOTE: For Maintenance, Modifications, or Upgrades, see the "Process
Checklist for Modifications.doc" checklist.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ID Process Step Completion QA
Date
-------------- ----------------------------------------------- ------------ ------
1 Entrance Criteria are met.
2 Review operations procedures to ensure that
processes for anomaly identification and
recording are included.
3 Review operational and maintenance procedures
for inclusion of any workarounds or other
information that was discovered during
development and testing.
4 Verify that the Problem Reporting and
Corrective Action system is being used for
identified problems and unexplained anomalies.
5 Assist in determining the root cause of
problems. Consider the design of the complex
electronics and possible failure modes. Support
Failure Review Boards.
6 Review changes to operational procedures.
Ensure that the changes will not use the
complex electronics in unverified ways. Ensure
that changes in how the system is used will not
provide untested inputs to the complex
electronics.
7 Perform Problem Trend Analysis on system
elements that include complex electronics.
8 Verify the Change Control process is
operational. Ensure all changes to complex
electronics design (code) are analyzed and
approved before implementation. Perform an
impact analysis on the changes.
Review any
updates to
these plans.
Ensure that
new
information is
incorporated
in the plans.
9 Maintenance Manual
10 Operations or User Manual
11 Training Plan
12 Exit Criteria are met.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Exit | At the end of the Operations phase, the following |
| Criteria | criteria should be met: |
| | |
| | - The system is decommissioned. |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
--------------- ------------------------------------- ----------- ----------
Documentation
Status
Document ID Document Name Revision Date
Operations or User Manual
Problem Reporting and Corrective
Action Process
Training Plan
Maintenance Manual (or Plan)
--------------- ------------------------------------- ----------- ----------
| en |
all-txt-docs | 395055 | Title: Coordinating Community Services for Mentally Ill Offenders:
Maryland's Community Criminal Justice Treatment Program.
Series: Program Focus
Author(s):Catherine Conly
Published: National Institute of Justice, April 1999
Subject(s): Mentally ill offenders, inmate programs, community based
corrections, crisis intervention, and funding resources
35 pages
79,000 bytes
-------------------------------
Figures, charts, forms, and tables are not included in this ASCII plain-text
file. To view this document in its graphic format, download the Adobe
Acrobat graphic file available from this Web site or order a print copy
from NCJRS at 800-851-3420 (877-712-9279 For TTY users).
-------------------------------
U.S. Department of Justice
Office of Justice Programs
National Institute of Justice
National Institute of Justice
Program Focus
COORDINATING COMMUNITY SERVICES FOR MENTALLY ILL
OFFENDERS: MARYLAND'S COMMUNITY CRIMINAL JUSTICE
TREATMENT PROGRAM
by Catherine Conly
-------------------------------
Highlights
The number of mentally ill individuals in the criminal justice system has
grown dramatically during the past 30 years. Often homeless and suffering
from other health-related concerns (e.g., substance abuse, HIV infection),
these individuals may cycle continuously between the community, where
they commit mostly minor offenses, and jail.
Recognizing this pattern and seeking to intervene productively, local
policymakers have worked with officials in Marylands Department of
Health and Mental Hygiene and with other State officials to establish the
Maryland Community Criminal Justice Treatment Program (MCCJTP), a
multiagency collaborative that provides shelter and treatment services to
mentally ill offenders in their communities. Created to serve the jailed
mentally ill, the program now also targets individuals on probation and
parole.
MCCJTP operates in 18 of the States 24 local jurisdictions and features:
o Local advisory boards composed of local and State decisionmakers who
provide ongoing leadership.
o Case management services that include crisis intervention, screening,
counseling, discharge planning, and community followup.
o Services for mentally ill offenders who are homeless or have
co-occurring substance use disorders.
o Routine training for criminal justice and treatment professionals.
o Postbooking diversion for qualifying mentally ill defendants.
The MCCJTP model features strong collaboration between State and local
providers, a commitment to offering transitional case management
services, the provision of long-term housing support to mentally ill
offenders, and a focus on co-occurring substance use disorders. Criminal
justice and treatment professionals credit MCCJTP with improving the
identification and treatment of jailed mentally ill individuals, increasing
communication between mental health and corrections professionals,
improving coordination of in-jail and community-based services for
mentally ill offenders and defendants, and reducing disruption in local
jails. Case managers and clients report that MCCJTP's comprehensive
services have improved the quality of many clients' lives.
Independent evaluation of MCCJTP service delivery mechanisms and
client outcomes is now under way. The investigation will help in
determining whether providing coordinated, community-based services to
mentally ill offenders can significantly reduce recidivism, increase
residential stability, reduce psychiatric hospitalization, and increase
voluntary participation in substance abuse treatment.
-------------------------------
Looking around his apartment, 45-year-old Ray Carver can hardly believe
his good fortune.1 Not long ago, he was living in abandoned buildings and
drinking cheap whiskey. He had survived like that since he was a teenager,
traveling up and down the East Coast, periodically being arrested for
shoplifting or vagrancy and spending months at a time in jail. In his early
twenties, Ray was diagnosed with schizophrenia by a psychiatrist in a
District of Columbia jail. Since then, he had taken medication sporadically
and had been institutionalized twice for his mental illness. Most of the
time, however, he lived on the streets and drank heavily.
When Ray was arrested for shoplifting in Salisbury, Maryland, he reported
to the Wicomico County Detention Centers classification officer that he
had been taking medication for schizophrenia. The officer referred Ray to
the mental health case manager assigned to the jail by the county health
department through the Maryland Community Criminal Justice Treatment
Program. With that referral, Ray Carver embarked on a journey that would
significantly change his life.
Thousands of mentally ill individuals pass through local correctional
facilities each year. In 1996, one-quarter of jail inmates reported that they
had been treated at some time for a mental or emotional problem.2 Nearly
89,000 said that they had taken a prescription medication for those types
of problems, and more than 51,000 reported that they had been admitted to
an overnight mental health program.3
The dramatic growth of the population of jailed mentally ill persons has
coincided with the policy of deinstitutionalization that resulted in the
release of thousands of mentally ill people from psychiatric facilities to the
community.4 Additional factors, including cuts in public assistance, more
stringent civil commitment laws, declines in the availability of
low-income housing, and limited availability of mental health care in the
community, are thought to have exacerbated conditions for the mentally ill
and contributed to their increased involvement in the criminal justice
system.5 Many mentally ill offenders are charged with relatively minor
offenses (e.g., prostitution, shoplifting, vagrancy),6 but are not diagnosed
or treated while in jail and are released back to their communities with no
plan for treatment or aftercare.
Finding humane, constitutional, and effective ways to address the needs of
mentally ill individuals is a challenge for local correctional facilities
nationwide. Crowded, outdated, and designed to ensure secure
confinement, most jails are not optimal treatment settings for the mentally
ill.7 Nonetheless, the nature of jail populations increasingly demandsand
numerous court decisions requirethat jails respond to the needs of the
mentally ill.8
Researchers consistently recommend correctional strategies that result in
early identification and referral of the jailed mentally ill to the most
appropriate treatment setting, preferably in the community.9 However,
only a few jails have achieved this goal.10 Even in jails where psychiatric
services are models for others nationwide, a significant proportion of
the mentally ill can go undetected and/or untreated.11 In addition, many
mentally ill individuals are released with no plan for community-based
care.12
Mentally ill offenders are poorly equipped to serve as advocates for their
own welfare. They often face multiple challenges, including homelessness,
unemployment, estrangement from family and friends, substance abuse,
and other serious health conditions such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and
hepatitis.13 In turn, community-based providers often find mentally ill
offenders challenging to serve because of their "coexisting conditions,
noncompliance, criminal records, unkempt appearance, and clinically
difficult and challenging presentation."14 Consequently, mentally ill
individuals may cycle repeatedly through the health, mental health, social
service, and criminal justice systems, each with its unilateral focus, and
never become stabilized because of a lack of coordinated care and
treatment. This "system cycling" is discouraging to the mentally ill
offender and costly to the network of community-based providers.
Overview of MCCJTP
After years of study and discussion, local corrections officials in Maryland
worked with others in local government, with State officials, and with
representatives from the private sector to create MCCJTP. In various
stages of implementation in 18 of the State's 24 local jurisdictions,15
MCCJTP brings treatment and criminal justice professionals together to
screen mentally ill individuals while they are confined in local jails,
prepare treatment and aftercare plans for them, and provide community
followup after their release. The program also offers services to mentally
ill probationers and parolees and provides enhanced services to mentally
ill offenders who are homeless and/or have co-occurring substance use
disorders (see "MCCJTP: At the Forefront of Efforts to Aid Mentally Ill
Offenders," page 4).
MCCJTP targets individuals 18 or older who have a serious mental illness
(i.e., schizophrenia, major affective disorder, organic mental disorder, or
other psychotic disorders), with or without a co-occurring substance use
disorder. It is founded on two key principles:
o The target population requires a continuum of care provided by a variety
of service professionals in jail and in the community that is coordinated at
both the State and local levels. In this regard, agency participants include
local mental health and substance abuse treatment providers and
advocates, local hospital professionals, housing providers, members of
local law enforcement, and representatives of key State criminal justice,
mental health, and substance abuse agencies.
o Local communities are in the best position to plan and implement
responses to meet the needs of the mentally ill offenders in their
jurisdictions. To that end, each participating jurisdiction has developed a
local advisory board to oversee the conduct of needs assessments,
coordinate program implementation, monitor service delivery, and expand
program options.
MCCJTP's goals are to improve the identification and treatment of
mentally ill offenders and increase their chances of successful independent
living, thereby preventing their swift return to jail, mental hospitals,
homelessness, or hospital emergency rooms. In some locations, MCCJTP
also aims to reduce the period of incarceration (through postbooking
diversion) and even reduce the likelihood of incarceration altogether
(through prebooking diversion).
According to data maintained by the Maryland Department of Health and
Mental Hygiene, almost 1,700 mentally ill individuals received services
through MCCJTP in 1996 (see "The Mentally Ill in Maryland Jails," page
5). Funding for the 18 programs totals approximately $4 million annually
and comes from local, State, and Federal sources. In addition, many
agencies contribute administrative time and support services (see
"MCCJTP Funding," page 5).16 The funding supports the provision of
case management services in each jurisdiction and other specialized
services such as housing to meet the needs of mentally ill offenders.
This Program Focus reviews the history of MCCJTP, describes key
program features, and discusses the benefits of and challenges to program
operation.
-------------------------------
MCCJTP: At the Forefront of Efforts to Aid Mentally Ill Offenders
Efforts to comprehensively address the needs of the jailed mentally ill are
still relatively rare. According to a nationwide survey of jails conducted by
researchers at the National GAINSa Center for People With Co-Occurring
Disorders in the Justice System (see "Sources for More Information" at the
end of this report), "most jails have no policies or procedures for managing
and supervising mentally disordered detainees."b
Henry Steadman, one of the study's authors and a renowned expert on
responses to mentally ill offenders nationwide, believes the features that
set MCCJTP apart from most other efforts include:
o Strong collaboration between State and local providers. "Typically,
States don't coordinate anything in these efforts," Steadman observed. "In
addition, it is very rare for the State to do something that the county is
receptive to without usurping county authority. It is usually left to the
county to address the needs of the jailed mentally ill. The integration of
funding streams at the different levels of government and the ongoing
commitment by State officials involved in MCCJTP make the program
unique."
o Transitional case management services that link detainees with
community-based services. Based on their survey of jails nationwide,
Steadman and his coauthor, Bonita Veysey, concluded that "case
management services that link detainees, on release, to community
services are seldom provided in jails of any size."c MCCJTP is a clear
exception to this trend.
o Long-term housing support for homeless mentally ill offenders.
According to Steadman, "Rarely do you see housing as a part of a
jail/criminal justice program for mentally ill or substance abusing
individuals. You may see some use of short-term housing vouchers but not
the full-scale commitment Maryland has made."
o Focus on co-occurring disorders. "Officials in Maryland," Steadman
noted, "have recognized that co-occurring disorders are the norm and not
the exception." In his opinion, that awareness and the States related
programmatic response set MCCJTP apart from many of its counterparts
across the Nation.
Notes
a. GAINS = G-Gathering information,
A-Assessing what works, I-Interpreting the facts, N-Networking with key
stakeholders, S-Stimulating change.
b. Steadman, H., and Veysey, B., Providing Services for Jail Inmates With
Mental Disorders, Research in Brief, Washington, DC: U.S. Department
of Justice, National Institute of Justice, April 1997, NCJ 162207, page 1.
c. Ibid, 2.
-------------------------------
The Roots of the Program
In the early 1990s, an estimated 600 to 700 mentally ill offenders were
confined in local correctional facilities throughout Maryland.17 Because
they lacked sufficient numbers of appropriately trained staff to screen and
treat the mentally ill, jails were neither sensitive, nor especially safe,
places for most mentally ill individuals. In those days, according to several
local corrections officials, the special needs of mentally ill offenders were
generally ignored unless such individuals were suicidal or disruptive. The
disruptive ones were usually "locked down," but not until staff had spent
considerable time in crisis management, trying to subdue them or
negotiate with mental health agencies for emergency commitments.
Lacking mental health training, correctional officers were frustrated and
sometimes insensitive in their handling of mentally ill offenders, which
exacerbated an already difficult situation. Adding to the concerns of
corrections officials was the high rate of recidivism among mentally ill
offenders (see "Assessing Service Needs," page 6). One frustrated former
warden of a detention facility in southern Maryland, who has since
become a strong advocate of MCCJTP, admits having asked publicly
about the mentally ill offenders in his jail, "Can't we shoot them up with
something and just keep them asleep while they're here?"
In 1991, at the request of the Maryland Correctional Administrators
Association, the Governor's Office of Justice Administration (GOJA)
formed an interagency State and local task force to help define a strategy
for responding to mentally ill offenders in the State. After careful review
of available national research and reports on the topic by previous State
task forces (see "Building on Research," page 7), the GOJA task force
concluded that offenders with serious mental illnesses require a
coordinated treatment approach that combines the expertise of criminal
justice and treatment professionals.
The Jail Mental Health Program pilot
The State's Mental Hygiene Administration (MHA), part of the Maryland
Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, assumed primary
responsibility for the design and implementation of a pilot program to aid
local detention centers in creating a multidisciplinary response to the jailed
mentally ill. In 1993 and 1994, with $50,000 in seed money from MHA,
four pilot Jail Mental Health Programs (predecessors to MCCJTP) were
launched in Cecil, Charles, Frederick, and Wicomico counties. The pilots
resulted in the creation of a system for providing case management
services to mentally ill inmates.
Within a short amount of time, those involved in the Jail Mental Health
Program began reporting improved identification of the jailed mentally ill,
enhanced communication between mental health and corrections staff, and
reduced disruptions associated with mentally ill inmates (see "Screening
Mentally Ill Offenders in Charles County," page 8).
Fourteen additional counties have since developed similar programs to
respond to mentally ill offenders. Over time, the focus of the Jail Mental
Health Program has expanded to include greater use of community-based
services and diversion. In addition, mentally ill probationers and parolees
have been added to the client base. The program's title was changed to the
Maryland Community Criminal Justice Treatment Program in 1994 to
reflect its broader scope.
-------------------------------
The Mentally Ill in Maryland Jails
According to data maintained by the Maryland Mental Hygiene
Administration, 1,682 jailed mentally ill individuals received MCCJTP
services during 1996. The average daily jail population in the MCCJTP
sites ranged from a low of 52 to a high of 1,362, with a median population
of 237. The proportion of jailed individuals who were mentally ill varied
considerably across the 18 jurisdictions. For instance, in the five
jurisdictions visited by the author, prevalence estimates ranged from 8 to
21 percent.a
The following data from Frederick County, taken during a 1-day census in
June 1997, indicate the prevalence of mental illness among the jailed
population there. Of 341 inmates in the Frederick County Adult
Correctional Center that day, 71 (21 percent) were diagnosed with 1 or
more mental illnesses. Of those, 36 (50 percent) had a co-occurring
substance use disorder.
Note
a. National estimates of the percentage of jailed populations with serious
mental illness (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, severe recurrent
depression) range from 6 to 15 percent, depending on the study and
institution. See Torrey, E.F., Editorial: "Jails and Prisons--America's New
Mental Hospitals," American Journal of Public Health 85 (12) (December
1995): 1612.
-------------------------------
Key Features of Maryland's Coordinated Approach
Immediately after Ray Carver was referred for a mental health screening,
the MCCJTP case manager reviewed his history of mental illness and
referred him for medication. She counseled Ray throughout his stay at the
detention center, and together they developed a treatment and aftercare
plan for him that included taking his medication, participating in treatment
for alcoholism, reinstating his Supplemental Security Income benefits,
locating housing, and participating in the day program at Go-Getters, Inc.,
a local psychiatric rehabilitation center and partner agency of MCCJTP.
The case manager discussed Ray's criminal charges with his public
defender, the assistant State's attorney, and the district court judge. Ray
pled guilty and was sentenced to a year's probation. Several components of
the treatment plan, which he signed in the presence of the judge, were
included as conditions of Ray's probation.
Because he was homeless before his incarceration and willing to quit
drinking and participate in daytime activities at Go-Getters, Inc., Ray
qualified for housing assistance through the Shelter Plus Care grant
awarded to Maryland's Department of Health and Mental Hygiene by the
Federal Department of Housing and Urban Development. Prior to Ray's
release, the MCCJTP case manager helped Ray complete an application
for Shelter Plus Care housing, and a representative from Hudson Health
Services, another partner agency of MCCJTP, located an apartment for
Ray in a relatively low-crime area of town, just a few blocks from
Go-Getters. The furnishings for Ray's apartment--a sofa, bed, table, and
chair--were donated by local church and community organizations and
moved to the apartment by two of the detention center's work release
inmates.
On the day he was released from jail, Ray's MCCJTP case manager spent
the day helping him get settled in his new apartment. Together, they
stocked Ray's refrigerator, met with the psychiatrist at the County Health
Center, and visited Go-Getters, where Ray was assigned a case manager.
For the first month after Ray's release, the MCCJTP case manager checked
in on Ray several times a week. As Ray became more involved in
community-based services, the MCCJTP case manager's involvement
tapered off. She monitors Ray's progress with his case manager at
Go-Getters and other service providers and is on-call in the event of a
crisis.
As Ray's experience suggests, MCCJTP incorporates key features listed
below and described more fully in the sections that follow:
o Local partnerships to aid mentally ill offenders.
o Support from State government agencies.
o A broad range of case management services for mentally ill offenders
who are incarcerated or living in the community.
o Enhanced services for mentally ill offenders who are homeless and/or
have co-occurring substance use disorders.
o Diversion strategies.
o Training for criminal justice and treatment professionals involved in the
program.
o A commitment to program evaluation.
-------------------------------
Assessing Service Needs
From 1984 through the early 1990s, local task forces and MHA staff
studied the capacity of existing service delivery mechanisms to meet the
needs of mentally ill offenders and discovered the following:
o Most detention centers had extremely limited access to mental health
professionals. Jail medical staff were generally not trained to address both
the medical and psychiatric needs of inmates. If available, psychiatric
services were limited to a few hours per week or month, when only the
most severe cases could be evaluated. Jail officials also experienced
considerable difficulty with the mental health system when trying to
relocate individuals whose mental illness appeared to warrant admission to
a State mental institution. Both in-jail and community-based services were
being compromised by the lack of proper staff to screen mentally ill
offenders, provide other supportive services within jail, prepare discharge
plans, and offer community-based followup.
o Mentally ill individuals had a high rate of recidivism. Mentally ill
offenders appeared to return quickly to correctional settings at least in part
because of the lack of appropriate aftercare planning and services in the
community. In addition, many mentally ill offenders were homeless and/or
had co-occurring substance use disorders that increased the likelihood of
their return to jail.
o Mentally ill offenders tended to cycle through a variety of criminal
justice and psychosocial service settings, in part because of the lack of
coordination among service providers. A survey by MHA staff of 536
individuals housed in detention centers, State psychiatric hospitals,
homeless shelters, and substance abuse clinics showed that during the
previous 12 months, 54 percent had been in jail, 36 percent had received
inpatient hospitalization, 35 percent had used an emergency shelter, and 33
percent had seen a substance abuse counselor.a Investigators concluded
that better service coordination was warranted to reduce duplication in
services, stabilize mentally ill offenders in the community, and prevent
their return to jail.
These findings strongly suggested the need to design a program that would
increase services for mentally ill offenders, coordinate services already in
existence, and support mentally ill offenders in the community.
Note
a. Gillece, J., "An Analysis of Health, Criminal Justice, and Social Service
Utilization by Individuals Hospitalized, Incarcerated, or Homeless,"
unpublished doctoral dissertation, College Park: University of Maryland,
1996: 52.
-------------------------------
Building on Research
During the past decade, a number of researchers have recommended
strategies for responding to the needs of the jailed mentally ill, all of
which have been carefully integrated into MCCJTP.
Specifically, MCCJTP's grounding principle--that communities must
provide a continuum of care for mentally ill offenders--is consistent with
1990 research that concludes that the mental health needs of inmates must
be viewed as a community problem requiring the involvement of an array
of service providers in addition to detention center staff.a
Although sites around the Nation differ in their approach to such service
coordination,b a 1992 review of research and practice recommended that
the following key elements, which are central features of MCCJTP, be part
of any multidisciplinary response to the jailed mentally ill:
o Interagency agreements.
o Consensus on defined goals.
o Delineation of responsibilities.
o Interagency communication.
o Cross-training.
o Ongoing program review.c
In a 1995 discussion of strategies for diverting the mentally ill out of
criminal justice settings, researchers called for:
o Integrated services.
o Regular meetings of key agency representatives.
o "Boundary spanners" (individuals who can facilitate communication
across agencies and professions) to coordinate policies and services.
o Strong leadership.
o Early identification of the mentally ill in correctional settings.
o Distinctive case management services.d
More recently, a 1997 study suggested that traditional jail-based mental
health strategies should include court liaison mechanisms, pre- and
postbooking diversion, and the use of community mental health services
(e.g., university resources), especially in small jails.e
Some research suggests that services for the jailed mentally ill should also
include:
o Screening, classification, and referral.
o Crisis intervention.
o In-jail counseling.
o Discharge planning and community followup.
o Specialized services for subgroups of mentally ill offenders, such as
those who are homeless and/or have co-occurring substance use
disorders).f
Notes
a. Steadman, H.J. Effectively Addressing the Mental Health Needs of Jail
Detainees, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute
of Justice, 1990: 3.
b. Ibid., 3.
c. Landsberg, G. "Developing Comprehensive Mental Health Services in
Local Jails and Police Lockups," in Innovations in Community Mental
Health, ed. S. Cooper and T.H. Lentner, Sarasota, FL: Professional
Resource Press, 1992: 97-123.
d. Steadman, H.J., S.M. Morris, D.L. Dennis, "The Diversion of Mentally
Ill Persons From Jails to Community-Based Services: A Profile of
Programs," American Journal of Public Health (December 1995): 1631.
e. Steadman, H.J., and B. Veysey, Providing Services for Jail Inmates
With Mental Disorders, Research in Brief, Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice, April 1997.
f. Steadman, H.J., D.W. McCarty, and J.P. Morrissey, The Mentally Ill in
Jail: Planning for Essential Services, New York: Guilford Press, 1989;
Dvoskin, J., "Jail-Based Mental Health Services," in Steadman,
Effectively Addressing the Mental Health Needs of Jail Detainees, 64-90;
Landsberg, G., "Developing Comprehensive Mental Health Services in
Local Jails and Police Lockups"; Center for Mental Health Services,
Double Jeopardy: Persons With Mental Illnesses in the Criminal Justice
System, Report to Congress, Washington, D.C.: Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health
Services, February 1995; Abram, K., and L. Teplin, "Co-Occurring
Disorders Among Mentally Ill Jail Detainees," American Psychologist
(October 1991): 1042-1044.
-------------------------------
Local partnerships
Each MCCJTP program is guided by a local advisory board that assesses
service needs, monitors program implementation, and investigates ways to
expand program services. Although board membership varies across the
counties, it generally includes representatives from the local detention
center, as well as health and mental health professionals, alcohol and drug
abuse treatment providers, public defenders, assistant State's attorneys,
judges, parole and probation officers, law enforcement personnel, social
service professionals, local hospital staff, housing specialists, mental
health advocates, and consumers. Additional members are recruited as
particular service needs (e.g., for diversion) are identified.
In most counties the advisory boards divide their time between reviewing
specific cases and setting or refining policy. In most jurisdictions local
health departments or related agencies coordinate MCCJTP and supervise
the mental health staff assigned to the program. Other government
agencies and private organizations have signed memorandums of
understanding (MOUs) delineating their participation in local advisory
boards and their willingness to provide services as appropriate.
These formal agreements are thought to be essential to ensure the smooth
execution of local policies. In addition, working together to handle
specific cases has reportedly been extremely beneficial to solidifying
relationships among ----participating agencies and organizations. As
program participants have been able to solve the needs of specific
mentally ill offenders, mutual trust has grown and formal organizational
agreements have evolved. Shelley McVicker, assistant State's attorney in
Frederick County, recalls, "At first we worked out relationships with
others in the [MCCJTP] network on a case-by-case basis. Then we worked
on organizational MOUs. The State's involvement has helped us cement
the relationships."
In addition, the willingness of community treatment providers to provide
honest feedback to the criminal justice system about offenders' compliance
has resulted in support from criminal justice professionals for placing
mentally ill offenders in the community. According to McVicker, "My
office has a good relationship with Way Station [a local psychiatric
rehabilitation facility participating in MCCJTP]. They share information
honestly about those who stay in treatment and those who don't. When
necessary, we are able to work together to define reasonable
consequences."
-------------------------------
Screening Mentally Ill Offenders in Charles County
When corrections officials in the Charles County Detention Center met
with MHA staff to begin the county's Jail Mental Health Program pilot,
they were confident that only three mentally ill individuals were housed in
the jail. But screening by trained mental health staff resulted in 17 inmates
being diagnosed as seriously mentally ill. Among them was an individual
who was also deaf. Frustrated by his bizarre behavior, but unaware of his
deafness, correctional officers had been speaking loudly to him for days
and were becoming increasingly annoyed by his unresponsiveness. MHA
staff were able to diagnose the inmate and, working with corrections staff,
assist in relocating the individual to a secure mental health facility.
Months later, when the man again arrived at the jail, staff were prepared.
The protocol that had been developed through the Jail Mental Health
Program ensured that the inmate was identified quickly, placed on
medication, moved swiftly through the certification process, and
transferred to a State mental hospital.
-------------------------------
Support from State government
A number of State agencies have made strong commitments to local
MCCJTP programs. In 1994, in an effort to better serve mentally ill
offenders, MHA expanded its priority population to include MCCJTP
participants and gave those individuals the same access to MHA-funded
services and housing as persons discharged from MHA inpatient facilities.
Other State agencies, including the Division of Parole and Probation and
the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Administration, made formal commitments
to ensure the participation of their local representatives in MCCJTP.
MHA's Division of Specific Populations has primary responsibility for
supporting MCCJTP, providing nearly $1 million in annual funding for
the program. In addition, MHA staff have worked cooperatively with local
decisionmakers to prepare grant proposals for other types of Federal, State,
and local funding to enhance program services and create opportunities for
local MCCJTP participants to receive technical assistance and training
from the National Institute of Corrections Jails Division and from the
National GAINS Center for People With Co-Occurring Disorders in the
Justice System.18
MHA staff have also been quick to address issues that cannot be resolved
easily at the local level (e.g., regarding inmates who require competency
hearings or emergency commitment to State mental hospitals). In addition,
MHA staff regularly participate in meetings of local MCCJTP advisory
boards and the Maryland Correctional Administrators Association. Along
with wardens and other local advisory board members, MHA staff have
met on several occasions with county councils to discuss the merits of
MCCJTP and seek local funding for program enhancements.
Case management services
Each MCCJTP jurisdiction employs at least one case manager who is
responsible for screening mentally ill individuals while they are jailed,
counseling them while they are detained, helping them develop discharge
plans, assisting them in obtaining services in the community, advocating
for them with criminal justice officials and community-based service
providers, and monitoring their progress following release (even if their
criminal charges are dismissed).
MCCJTP case managers also help link mentally ill offenders on intensive
probation or parole with community-based services and monitor their
progress following release. Although most mentally ill offenders in the
program are contacted in detention centers, some are not. For example,
parolees from the State prison system may be referred to an MCCJTP case
manager by prison or parole officials via MHA, or they may refer
themselves following release.
In most jurisdictions, county health departments or equivalent government
agencies receive up to $50,000 per year from MHA to hire a full-time
MCCJTP case manager who is an experienced mental health professional
with an advanced degree in counseling. In some jurisdictions, a portion of
the $50,000 is used to increase psychiatric treatment time in jail.
Administrative support and supervisory hours are usually contributed by
the recipient agency.
According to MHA, the average MCCJTP caseload is 35 clients, but
caseload size ranges from 10 to 56 depending on the jurisdiction and the
number of clients supervised in the community. In some settings,
following a period of close supervision by the MCCJTP case manager,
community-based case managers from government or private-sector
mental health organizations assume primary responsibility for monitoring
released individuals, which reduces the supervisory responsibilities of the
MCCJTP case manager.
Though adaptations are necessary to accommodate local needs and service
capabilities, each participating jurisdiction adheres to the following
general case management protocol:
Identification. Preliminary identification of candidates for program
services is made following arrest, after self-referral by the defendant, or as
a result of referrals by the arresting officer, the classification officer, jail
medical staff, the substance abuse counselor, or other jail personnel.
Screening and needs assessment. The MCCJTP case manager meets with
the candidates to conduct an in-jail diagnostic interview and an individual
needs assessment. If an individual qualifies for program services, he or she
may be referred for medication.
Counseling and discharge planning. While in jail, the mentally ill
defendant meets with the case manager for counseling and development of
an aftercare plan. A typical plan will include mental health and substance
abuse counseling, educational services, recreational activities, employment
training, and housing placement. Before the individual is released, the
MCCJTP case manager and, in some cases, a residential rehabilitation
specialist work to identify suitable housing.
Criminal justice system liaison. The MCCJTP case manager also meets
with assistant State's attorneys and defense counsel to advocate for the
swift resolution of criminal charges (e.g., through diversion or plea
negotiation) and for the return of the MCCJTP client to the community
whenever possible. These negotiations usually succeed when criminal
charges are relatively minor because the MCCJTP case manager is able to
ensure close supervision of the mentally ill offender in the community and
the quick, honest reporting of any problems.
Referral and monitoring in the community. For those who agree or are
required to participate in community followup,19 MCCJTP case managers
help link clients to specified services, such as psychiatric day treatment,
substance abuse treatment, vocational rehabilitation, and educational
services. In addition, MCCJTP case managers meet regularly with
community-based providers to monitor client progress.
MCCJTP's community-based partners are essential to the implementation
of aftercare plans. In some jurisdictions, released individuals are able to
participate in day-treatment programs offered by local psychiatric
rehabilitation centers. These programs offer an array of work
opportunities, skills development classes, substance abuse counseling, and
housing assistance. They may also assign a case manager to work with the
mentally ill offender in the community. In other locations, a mix of
providers offer these services.
Enhanced services
State and local MCCJTP participants have become increasingly aware of
the need to address certain subpopulations of mentally ill offenders,
including homeless persons and those with co-occurring substance use
disorders. State and Federal grant funds are being used to enhance the
response to individuals in these groups.
Homeless mentally ill offenders. In 1995, MHA was awarded a
$5.5-million Shelter Plus Care grant by HUD to provide rental assistance
for up to 5 years to homeless mentally ill offenders served by MCCJTP.20
In turn, local service providers participating in MCCJTP have pledged to
provide services such as vocational training, substance abuse treatment,
and life-skills training to ensure that Shelter Plus Care recipients have
access to meaningful daytime activities.
Shelter Plus Care applicants are eligible to receive the equivalent of the
fair market rate for rent and utilities in the jurisdiction where they live,
provided their incomes do not exceed the predetermined ceiling for the
county of residence, they agree to pay up to one-third of their incomes in
rent, and they participate in fulfilling the components of their MCCJTP
treatment plans. Shelter Plus Care recipients may live alone or with a
roommate. In situations involving families, the spouse and/or children are
also eligible for housing as long as the adult receiving the assistance will
aid in the care and support of the children and the family's income does
not exceed the ceiling for the county.
The MCCJTP case manager and/or other case managers available through
community-based service providers are responsible for developing
treatment plans, gathering documentation of homelessness, and filing
paperwork with the appropriate county and State mental health offices. In
some jurisdictions, case managers are also responsible for locating
housing. In others, such as Calvert, Frederick, Prince Georges, and
Wicomico counties, where MCCJTP partner agencies work with local
realtors, community-based organizations assume substantial responsibility
for locating housing. Rental agreements can be made with the tenants or
sponsor based, which means that a credible third party vouches for the
tenant and signs the lease.
Case managers are responsible for monitoring tenants to ensure their
compliance with housing agreements and participation in the daily
activities outlined in treatment plans. To assist in this process, each service
provider submits monthly documentation of the services clients receive to
the MCCJTP case manager.
Program implementation has been remarkably smooth. By all accounts,
landlords have responded favorably to the program. They appreciate that it
guarantees that rents will be paid and that tenants will be supervised
closely. In addition, there has been no community opposition, probably
because Shelter Plus Care clients are housed throughout the community in
single- or double-occupancy dwellings, and because close supervision by
case managers helps to ensure that client problems are addressed swiftly.
Bureaucratic issues such as creating tracking forms, training staff, and
developing protocols for timely rental payments by State and county
government agencies have arisen, but are now mostly resolved.
Other issues have emerged as well. First, rental assistance does not cover
the costs of such household necessities as furniture, linens, dishes, and
utensils. Although these items are often donated by local charitable
organizations, they must be moved to the housing locations. In Wicomico
County, detention center inmates on work release help transport
furnishings, which has proven a cost- effective way to reduce the burden
on the MCCJTP case manager. Second, housing is not always located near
public transportation. This is especially true in rural counties where
transportation to daytime activities is generally limited. In some locations,
community-based participants in MCCJTP provide transportation for
program clients. Third, it is not always easy to guarantee that affordable
housing will be located in relatively crime-free neighborhoods, though that
is certainly the goal. Finally, in locations where sponsor-based lease
agreements are required, some clients' reputations make it difficult to
identify an organization willing to sign their lease agreements. Some
counties, such as Frederick, have addressed this concern by involving
multiple sponsors in the program.
According to MHA, 216 individuals and/or families were placed in
Maryland's Shelter Plus Care Housing Program in the first 2 years of
operation (April 1996 to April 1998). At the end of the period, nearly 90
percent remained in permanent housing. Eleven individuals had been
evicted; 7 were rearrested; and 9 left the program.
Mentally ill offenders with co-occurring substance use disorders. In 1996
MHA received nearly $350,000 in Edward Byrne Memorial State and
Local Law Enforcement Assistance Program funds from the U.S.
Department of Justice's Bureau of Justice Assistance to hire substance
abuse and mental health case managers to aid dually diagnosed offenders
in seven MCCJTP jurisdictions.21 These funds are being used in a variety
of ways. For example, Frederick County has hired a case manager who
provides treatment planning to mentally ill offenders with co-occurring
substance use disorders while they are confined in the Frederick County
Adult Detention Center and community followup after they are released.
The case manager also coordinates mental health services at the detention
center with medical, inmate classification, substance abuse program, and
security staff. In Dorchester County, a full-time case manager is involved
in treatment of dually diagnosed inmates; Kent County uses its funds for
community followup of dually diagnosed clients.
Other counties that do not receive Byrne funding have taken steps to
ensure that mental health services are coordinated with their jails'
substance abuse treatment providers. Substance abuse treatment
professionals in the jails report that, as a result of MCCJTP, mentally ill
offenders, who often went undiagnosed or untreated in the past, can now
benefit more fully from substance abuse services and are less disruptive in
substance abuse treatment settings.
Diversion
In a number of jurisdictions, diversion is included among the MCCJTP's
objectives. Hoping to reduce the length of confinement for mentally ill
individuals who are arrested for nonviolent offenses, Wicomico County
added postbooking diversion to its bank of program services soon after
implementing MCCJTP. According to the county's guidelines, diversion
candidates must demonstrate a willingness to participate in the program,
and community-based services must be available to meet participants'
needs. Individuals with a history of violence or arson are not eligible for
the program.
In a typical situation, the MCCJTP case manager works with a diversion
candidate to develop a treatment plan. The treatment plan is then discussed
with the assistant State's attorney, the public defender, and the judge
assigned to the case. When all parties agree that diversion is appropriate,
the judge places the case on the "stet" docket, which leaves it open for 1
year. The defendant is then released to the community to complete his or
her treatment plan. Knowing that released individuals will be supervised
closely by the MCCJTP case manager, judges have reportedly been active
and enthusiastic participants in the diversion program.
More recently, Wicomico's MCCJTP advisory board has focused its
attention on prearrest diversion. In 1996 the Wicomico County Detention
Center, in collaboration with the county health department, received
Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance
Program funds to establish a mobile crisis unit. With assistance from the
GAINS Center, county planners visited mobile crisis programs in
Birmingham, Alabama, and Albany, New York. "I came back really
enthused," says M. Kirk Daugherty, Chief Deputy in the Wicomico
County Sheriff's Office, about his visit to Albany. "It's always nice to hear
from a guy who's done a program already. We started our unit in October
of 1997 and it's been very beneficial."
Staffed by a deputy sheriff and two case managers (one on call 24 hours a
day; one working 2-10 p.m.), Wicomico's mobile crisis unit is always
available to help the sheriff's office identify the most appropriate
placement for mentally ill individuals. If law enforcement officers
responding to an incident involving a mentally ill person determine that
criminal charges do not need to be filed, other options (e.g., for shelter or
emergency room evaluation) are pursued. The case manager accompanies
the mentally ill individual to the agreed-upon destination, thereby
relieving law enforcement officers of time-consuming interactions with the
health and mental health systems and ensuring that the mentally ill
individual has a mental health advocate at his or her side.
Commenting on the kinds of situations that prompt calls to the mobile
crisis unit, Daugherty says, "Down here, citizens call the police for
everything--marriage counseling--the whole gamut. In situations involving
the mentally ill, there may not be a crime, but an emergency petition [to
the court to send someone to a State mental health facility] probably won't
work either. For instance, one time we had a guy who wasn't taking his
meds and was very depressed, but there was nothing we could do. The
hospital wouldn't take him. So we called mobile crisis and they relieved
our people and surely made the family feel a whole lot better. I like it
[mobile crisis] as a safety net. It gives our people more confidence that the
[mentally ill] person won't do anything crazy when we're gone. It's a very
valuable tool."
Training
Providing training for both criminal justice and mental health
professionals is a key objective of most local advisory boards and MHA.
With assistance from the GAINS Center and the Virginia Addictions
Technology Transfer Center, MHA offers regional cross-trainings for
professionals involved in the criminal justice, mental health, and substance
abuse treatment systems. The aim of these trainings is to have
professionals from the three disciplines learn each other's terminology and
understand each other's job duties, roles, and responsibilities. Individual
counties have also participated in training and technical assistance offered
by the GAINS Center and the National Institute of Corrections Jails
Division. In addition, some counties have developed their own training
modules.
Program evaluation
During the past 4 years, State and local planners have concentrated on
program development; with funding from two Federal grants, they are now
able to focus attention on evaluating service delivery and client outcomes.
Creating a client tracking system and research database. Eight pilot
jurisdictions are working with MHA staff and researchers at the University
of Maryland at Baltimore to develop a client-tracking system that will
assess service provision and individual client outcomes.22 After helping to
create a uniform data-collection instrument, MCCJTP case managers at
each pilot site began entering data in April 1998. The database will include
intake, aftercare planning, and community follow-up information on each
MCCJTP client.23 It will provide data on the characteristics of clients who
receive MCCJTP services; the types and amounts of services MCCJTP
clients actually use, both in jail and in the community; the costs of
services; and changes in client circumstances within the jail and in the
community (e.g., regarding housing, employment, psychiatric
hospitalization, arrest, or substance abuse treatment).
Studying the prebooking diversion of mentally ill women offenders. In
July 1998 Wicomico County launched an experimental prearrest diversion
program for women with co-occurring severe mental illness and substance
use disorders who face arrest for a misdemeanor or nonviolent felony
offense. The program is one of nine research programs funded nationally
by SAMHSA's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment and Center for
Mental Health Services. Called the Phoenix Project, Wicomico County's
program builds on MCCJTP networks to offer 24-hour mobile crisis
services, secure crisis housing for women and their children, an integrated
outpatient treatment program, case management services with
client-to-staff ratios of 20 to 1, and transitional housing for women and
their children.
Participants in the study are being assigned randomly to the prebooking
intervention or to the standard MCCJTP (postbooking) services available
through the Wicomico County Detention Center. Women in the
intervention group are being recruited into the program prior to arrest but
after determination by law enforcement officers that a complaint is
chargeable as a misdemeanor or nonviolent felony. Interview data on
women in the intervention group will be compared with similar data
collected from women involved in the county's postbooking MCCJTP
program. Both process and outcome data will be analyzed to evaluate
service provision and client-level outcomes (i.e., recidivism, use of
treatment and support services, residential stability, time spent with
children, psychiatric symptomology, and level of substance use).
Additional analyses involving the pre- and postbooking samples will focus
on individual recovery processes, costs, and child outcomes (i.e., social
and behavioral functioning and self-concept).
Sustaining Funding: An Ongoing Challenge
With its substantial base of State and Federal funding and with matching
funds and in-kind services from many local providers, MCCJTP has been
able to serve a large number of mentally ill offenders in jail and in the
community. But sustaining financial support is an ever-present challenge.
A key concern is whether local governments will, in the future, assume
responsibility for funding services that are now provided with Federal
grant monies. In this regard, some MCCJTP advisory board members
believe that program evaluation will be essential in persuading local
legislators to make a financial commitment to MCCJTP.
A second concern is that MCCJTP funds from MHA have remained
capped at $50,000 per site since the Jail Mental Health Program pilots
were launched in 1993. Yet with increased costs due to inflation, and with
improved identification of mentally ill offenders, those funds cover less of
the actual program expenses each year, resulting in increased
administrative burdens for participating agencies. Thus far, those agencies
have determined that the increases in efficiency and the improved care
provided by MCCJTP offset any additional operating expenses it creates.
Finally, like many other States, Maryland has adopted a managed public
mental health care system. Prior to its implementation in July 1997, some
State and local MCCJTP participants expressed concern that indigent
clients might be "lost" in the new fee-for-service system and that
compensation might not be adequate to allow providers to respond to the
diverse--and often extreme--needs of mentally ill offenders. Some feared
that if services were substantially reduced, mentally ill offenders would be
sent back into local detention centers and mental institutions.
So far, there is reason for optimism. Because MHA has continued to
provide grant funds for MCCJTP, which offers support services that are
not covered under managed care (i.e., screening and case management
services for jailed mentally ill inmates and community followup for
released offenders), mentally ill offenders do not experience interruptions
in treatment. When mentally ill offenders are released from jail, they are
linked immediately with community-based mental health care providers,
ensuring a smooth transition to the managed care system. MCCJTP case
managers and other providers involved in the program then continue to
work together to provide mentally ill offenders with the full complement
of community-based services they require.
Tallying the Accomplishments
Ray Carver smiles as he prepares a pot of spaghetti in his apartment. He is
proud that he has food in his refrigerator and a safe place to live. Out of
jail for 6 months, Ray now works in the kitchen at Go-Getters and
participates in life- and social-skills classes there. He is also preparing for
his general equivalency diploma. He attends Alcoholics Anonymous
meetings nightly and has regular appointments with a psychiatrist at the
county health center. He reports monthly to his probation officer. Ray
appreciates the support that he has received from his MCCJTP case
manager and other program participants, saying, "In 45 years, this is the
only time that people have really cared--have helped me, believed in me,
and really supported me. I was tired of the life I was living, but before this,
I had no one to turn to for real help."
When the MCCJTP pilot programs were launched in 1993, program
planners had several goals. By improving the treatment of mentally ill
offenders in jails and in the community, they hoped to improve the quality
of care those offenders received, decrease the disruption mentally ill
offenders created in correctional and community settings, reduce "system
cycling" by coordinating services, and help mentally ill offenders live
productively in the community. Five years later, through the dedication of
local advisory boards, the commitment of case managers and
community-based service providers, and the support of MHA,
jurisdictions throughout Maryland have constructed a framework for
achieving these goals. The result, as summarized by Charlie Messmer, a
substance abuse counselor in Washington County, is that "treatment of
mentally ill offenders has become an 'our' problem rather than 'mine' or
'yours.'"
Perhaps the most dramatic changes have occurred in detention centers
around the State. Local corrections professionals report that early
identification and treatment have reduced inmates' disruptive behavior,
training has improved the ability of correctional officers to identify and
refer mentally ill inmates for screening, and correctional officers now feel
supported by treatment professionals in the jail. According to Barry
Stanton, Warden of the Frederick County Detention Center, "These
changes have made me feel a whole lot more relaxed. Mentally ill
offenders are no longer the primary issue on my desk."
Other criminal justice professionals have also benefited from MCCJTP.
Judges and assistant State's attorneys have the assurance that treatment
plans will be closely monitored in the community and can rely on case
managers for careful assessments of community placements and individual
performance. Defense counsels are reassured that clients who are confined
in local detention centers receive better care and treatment than in the past
and that MCCJTP case managers are able to provide information helpful
to making decisions regarding diversion, pretrial release, and case
disposition. Probation and parole officers receive support from MCCJTP
case managers, who monitor and report on the progress of mentally ill
clients in fulfilling their aftercare and treatment plans.
MCCJTP appears also to have dramatically changed the lives of individual
clients. Although only careful evaluation of service delivery and case
outcomes will demonstrate whether MCCJTP services significantly reduce
recidivism, case managers around the State report that some MCCJTP
clients have made substantial progress in improving the quality of their
lives and contributing to the communities in which they live. As Maureen
Plunkert, a case manager in Wicomico County, remarked, "Amazing
personalities are revealed as these men and women start getting well."
-------------------------------
MCCJTP Funding
MCCJTP combines Federal, State, and local funds to offer a mix of
services within local detention centers and in the community. Current
program funding includes:
o $900,000 in annual Mental Hygiene Administration (MHA) funds to hire
MCCJTP case managers.
o $300,000 in annual Projects for Assistance in Transition From
Homelessness (PATH)a funds for outreach, case management, mental
health, and substance abuse services for homeless individuals with serious
mental illness and/or co-occurring substance use disorders, and for
parolees and probationers on intensive supervision caseloads.
o $340,922 in Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement
Assistance Program funds to provide substance abuse treatment services in
conjunction with mental health services in seven county detention centers
and in the community.
o $5.5 million from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban
Development (HUD) to provide Shelter Plus Care housing over a 5-year
period (1996-2001).
o $6,557,719 in matching funds and services from jurisdictions
participating in MCCJTP, $5.5 million of which supports the Shelter Plus
Care housing program.
o Administrative and support services from participating agencies for
which cost estimates are not available.
Note
a. PATH is part of the Mental Health Services Block Grant to the States
that is overseen by Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration's (SAMHSA's) Center for Mental Health Services. PATH
provides a variety of treatment formula grant awards to the States for
homeless people with mental illnesses and co-occurring substance abuse
problems, including treatment, support services in residential settings, and
coordination of services and housing. See "Sources for More Information"
at the end of this report for contact information.
-------------------------------
Sources for More Information
The Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene's Division of
Specific Populations fosters the development of innovative programs for
recipients of mental health services with special needs, such as individuals
with psychiatric disabilities who are homeless, are in jail but could be
appropriately served in the community, have co-occurring substance abuse
disorders, and/or are deaf. The Division of Specific Populations sponsors
MCCJTP. For more information, contact:
Joan Gillece
Assistant Director
Division of Specific Populations, Mental Hygiene Administration
201 West Preston Street
Baltimore, MD 21201
Telephone: 410-767-6603
TTY: 410-767-6539
Fax: 410-333-5402
The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) is the principal research, evaluation,
and development agency of the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ). For
information about NIJ's efforts in corrections and program development,
contact:
Marilyn C. Moses
Program Analyst
National Institute of Justice
810 Seventh Street N.W., 7th Floor
Washington, DC 20531
Telephone: 202-514-6205
Fax: 202-307-6256
E-mail: moses@ojp.usdoj.gov
The National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) was established
by NIJ in 1972. It serves as the national and international clearinghouse
for the exchange of criminal justice information. For more information
about topical searches, bibliographies, custom searches, and other
available services, contact:
NCJRS
P.O. Box 6000
Rockville, MD 20849-6000
Telephone: 800-851-3420 (8:30 a.m. to 7 p.m. Eastern time, Monday
through Friday)
E-mail: askncjrs@ncjrs.org
The Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA), a component of DOJ's Office of
Justice Programs, supports innovative programs that strengthen the
Nation's criminal justice system by assisting State and local governments
in combating violent crime and drug abuse. BJA primarily makes funding
available through the Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law
Enforcement Assistance Program. Under this program, BJA is authorized
to make formula grants to States and territories, which award subgrants to
local units of government. States are required to contribute a 25-percent
cash match toward overall funding. For more information, contact:
Mary Santonastasso
Director, State and Local Assistance Division
Bureau of Justice Assistance
810 Seventh Street N.W., 4th Floor
Washington, DC 20531
Telephone: 202-305-2088
Fax: 202-514-5956
E-mail: santonas@ojp.usdoj.gov
The American Jail Association (AJA) provides regional training seminars,
onsite technical assistance, and training materials related to inmate
programming, direct supervision, and other corrections topics for a modest
fee. The Association also sponsors an Annual Training Conference & Jail
Expo. Contact:
Stephen J. Ingley
Executive Director
American Jail Association
2053 Day Road, Suite 100
Hagerstown, MD 21740-9795
Telephone: 301-790-3930
Fax: 301-790-2941
E-mail: aja@corrections.com
World Wide Web site: http://www.corrections.com/aja
The National Institute of Corrections (NIC) Jails Division coordinates
services to improve the management and operation of jail systems
throughout the United States and its commonwealths and territories.
Technical assistance, training, and information are provided in many areas,
including medical and mental health services and suicide prevention. For
more information on technical assistance and training activities, contact:
NIC Jails Division
1960 Industrial Circle, Suite A
Longmont, CO 80501
Telephone: 800-995-6429
Fax: 303-682-0469
HUD's Shelter Plus Care program provides rental assistance in connection
with support services from other providers to homeless people with
disabilities. The program allows for a variety of housing choices, such as
group homes or individual units, coupled with a range of supportive
services funded by other sources. Grantees must match the rental
assistance with supportive services that are at least equal in value to the
amount of HUD's rental assistance. States, local governments, and public
housing agencies may apply. HUD awards Shelter Plus Care funds as
annual competitive grants. For more information, contact:
Allison Manning
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Office of Community Planning and Development
Office of Special Needs Assistance Programs
451 Seventh Street S.W.
Washington, DC 20410
Telephone: 202-708-0614, ext. 4497
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
(SAMHSA) is part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Its mission is to improve the quality and availability of prevention,
treatment, and rehabilitation services to reduce the illness, death,
disability, and cost to society that result from substance abuse and mental
illness. SAMHSA comprises the Center for Mental Health Services
(CMHS), the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP), and the
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT). The Phoenix Project,
which involves the pre-arrest diversion of mentally ill women offenders in
Wicomico County, MD, is funded jointly by CMHS and CSAT under the
Federal Knowledge Development and Application Program. For more
information on that program, contact:
Susan Salasin
Director of Mental Health and Criminal Justice Programs
Center for Mental Health Services
5600 Fishers Lane, Room 11C-26
Rockville, MD 20857
Telephone: 301-443-6127
Fax: 301-443-0541
E-mail: ssalasin@samhsa.gov
CSAT Office of Communications and External Liaison
5600 Fishers Lane, 6th Floor
Rockville, MD 20857
Telephone: 301-443-5052
Fax: 301-443-7801
Established in 1995, the National GAINS Center for People With
Co-Occurring Disorders in the Justice System serves as a national locus
for the collection and dissemination of information about effective mental
health and substance abuse services for people with co-occurring disorders
who come in contact with the justice system. The GAINS Center is a
Federal partnership between NIC and the Office of Justice Programs
within the U.S. Department of Justice and CSAT and CMHS within the
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The GAINS Center is
operated by Policy Research, Inc., through a cooperative agreement with
the Federal partners that is administered by NIC. For more information,
contact:
The GAINS Center
Policy Research, Inc.
262 Delaware Avenue
Delmar, NY 12054
Telephone: 800-311-GAIN
Fax: 518-439-7612
Projects for Assistance in Transition from Homelessness (PATH) is part of
the Mental Health Services Block Grant to the States that is overseen by
SAMHSA's CMHS. PATH provides a variety of treatment formula grant
awards to States for homeless people with mental illnesses and
co-occurring substance use problems. Services covered include treatment,
support services in residential settings, and coordination of services and
housing. For more information, contact:
Center for Mental Health Services
Homeless Programs Branch
5600 Fishers Lane, Room 11C-05
Rockville, MD 20857
Telephone: 301-443-3706
Fax: 301-443-0256
Funded by SAMHSA, the Virginia Addiction Technology Transfer Center
has developed a 1-week cross-training curriculum on offenders with
co-occurring disorders. Offered to corrections officers, substance abuse
counselors, and mental health treatment counselors, the training consists of
15 modules that may be used separately or in conjunction with each other
as needed. For more information, contact:
Scott Reiner
Criminal Justice Coordinator
Virginia Addiction Technology
Transfer Center
Division of Substance Abuse Medicine
Medical College of Virginia
1112 East Clay Street
P.O. Box 980205
Richmond, VA 23298-0205
Telephone: 800-828-8323
Fax: 804-828-9906
-------------------------------
NIJ Publications on Offender Health Care and Transitional Services
The National Institute of Justice has sponsored a number of publications
related to the issue of offender health care and transitional services. To get
a free copy of these publications, write the National Criminal Justice
Reference Service, P.O. Box 6000, Rockville, MD 20849-6000; call them
at 800-851-3420; or send e-mail to askncjrs@ncjrs.org.
Case Management in the Criminal Justice System, Research in Action,
1999 (NCJ 173409).
The Women's Prison Association: Supporting Women Offenders and
Their Families, Program Focus, 1998 (NCJ 172858).
The Delaware Department of Correction Life Skills Program. Program
Focus, 1998 (NCJ 169589).
Chicago's Safer Foundation: A Road Back for Ex-Offenders, Program
Focus, 1998 (NCJ 167575).
Texas' Project RIO (Re-Integration of Offenders), Program Focus, 1998
(NCJ 168637).
Successful Job Placement for Ex-Offenders: The Center for Employment
Opportunities, Program Focus, 1998 (NCJ 168102).
Providing Services for Jail Inmates With Mental Disorders, Research in
Brief, 1997 (NCJ 162207).
The Orange County, Florida, Jail Educational and Vocational Programs,
Program Focus, 1997 (NCJ 166820)
The Effectiveness of Treatment for Drug Abusers Under Criminal Justice
Supervision, Research Report, 1995 (NCJ 157642).
Evaluation of Drug Treatment in Local Corrections, Research Report,
1997 (NCJ 159313).
The Americans With Disabilities Act and Criminal Justice: Mental
Disabilities and Corrections, Research in Action, 1995 (NCJ 155061).
Managing Mentally Ill Offenders in the Community: Milwaukee's
Community Support Program, Program Focus, 1994 (NCJ 145330).
Notes
1. Ray Carver's history is a composite of those reported to the author in
interviews with 14 Maryland Community Criminal Justice Treatment
Program participants.
2. Harlow, C.W., Profile of Jail Inmates 1996, Bureau of Justice Statistics
Special Report, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of
Justice Statistics, April 1998, NCJ 164620. In 1996, there were 507,026
jail inmates. Men were less likely than women to have ever been treated
for a mental or emotional problem. The author notes that 24 percent of
male inmates and 36 percent of female inmates reported having received
mental health services.
3. Ibid., 12.
4. Palermo, G.B., M.B. Smith, F.J. Liska, "Jails Versus Mental Hospitals:
A Social Dilemma," International Journal of Offender Therapy and
Comparative Criminology 35 (2) (Summer 1991): 97-106; Judiscak,
Daniel L., "Why Are the Mentally Ill in Jail?" American Jails (November-
December 1995): 11-15.
5. National Coalition for Jail Reform, Removing the Chronically Mentally
Ill From Jail: Case Studies of Collaboration Between Local Criminal
Justice and Mental Health Systems, Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, 1984;
Janik, J., "Dealing With Mentally Ill Offenders," Law Enforcement
Bulletin 61 (7) (July 1992): 22-26.
6. Haddad, J., "Managing the Special Needs of Mentally Ill Inmates,"
American Jails 7 (1) (March-April 1993): 62-65; National Coalition for
Jail Reform, Removing the Chronically Mentally Ill From Jail: Case
Studies of Collaboration Between Local Criminal Justice and Mental
Health Systems; The Center on Crime, Communities and Culture, Mental
Illness in U.S. Jails: Diverting the Nonviolent, Low-Level Offender,
Research Brief, Occasional Paper Series, No.1, New York: The Center on
Crime, Communities and Culture, November 1996.
7. Wilberg, J.K., K. Matyniak, and A. Cohen, "Milwaukee County Task
Force on the Incarceration of Mentally Ill Persons," American Jails
(Summer 1989): 20-26; Snow, W.H., and K.H. Briar, "The Convergence
of the Mentally Disordered and the Jail Population," in The Clinical
Treatment of the Criminal Offender in Outpatient Mental Health Settings,
ed. N.J. Palone and S. Chaneles, New York: The Haworth Press, 1990:
147-162; Torrey, E.F., J. Stieber, J. Ezekiel, S.M. Wolfe, J. Sharfstein,
J.H. Noble, and L.M. Flynn, Criminalizing the Seriously Mentally Ill: The
Abuse of Jails as Mental Hospitals, Washington, DC: Public Citizen's
Health Research Group, 1992; Landsberg, G. "Developing Comprehensive
Mental Health Services in Local Jails and Police Lockups," in Innovations
in Community Mental Health, ed. S. Cooper and T.H. Lentner, Sarasota,
FL: Professional Resource Press, 1992: 97-123.
8. See for example, Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97 (1976); Bell v.
Wolfish, 441 U.S. 535, n.16, 545 (1979); Bowring v. Godwin, 551 F.2d 44
(4th Cir 1977).
9. Snow, W.H., and K.H. Briar, "The Convergence of the Mentally
Disordered and the Jail Population"; Steadman, H.J., S.M. Morris, D.L.
Dennis, "The Diversion of Mentally Ill Persons From Jails to
Community-Based Services: A Profile of Programs," American Journal of
Public Health 85 (12) (December 1995): 1630-1635. For more information
on existing models for screening and linking mentally ill jail detainees
with community-based services, see Veysey, B.M., H.J. Steadman, J.P.
Morrissey, and M. Johnson, "In Search of the Missing Linkages:
Continuity of Care in U.S. Jails," Behavioral Sciences and the Law 15
(1997): 383-397, in which the authors discuss program strategies in seven
city and county jails.
10. Steadman, H., and B. Veysey, Providing Services for Jail Inmates
With Mental Disorders, Research in Brief, Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice, April 1997, NCJ
162207; Muzekari, L.H., E.E. Morissey, and A. Young, "Community
Mental Health Centers and County Jails: Divergent Perspectives?"
American Jails XI (1) (March-April 1997): 50-52.
11. Teplin, L.A., K.M. Abram, and G.M. McClelland, "Mentally
Disordered Women in Jail: Who Receives Services?" American Journal of
Public Health 87 (4) (1997): 604-609.
12. Steadman and Vesey, Providing Services for Jail Inmates With Mental
Disorders, 5.
13. Correctional Association of New York, Insane and in Jail: The Need
for Treatment Options for the Mentally Ill in New York's County Jails,
New York: Correctional Association of New York, October, 1989; Abram,
K., and L. Teplin, "Co-Occurring Disorders Among Mentally Ill Jail
Detainees," American Psychologist 46 (10) (October 1991): 1036-1045;
Peters, R.H., W.D. Kearns, M.R. Murrin, and A.S. Donente,
"Psychopathology and Mental Health Needs Among Drug-Involved
Inmates," Journal of Prison and Jail Health 11 (1) (Summer 1992): 3-25;
Martell, D.A., R. Rosner, and R.B.I. Harmon, "Base-Rate Estimates of
Criminal Behavior by Homeless Mentally Ill Persons in New York City,"
Psychiatric Services 46 (6) (June 1995): 596-601; Gillece, J., "An
Analysis of Health, Criminal Justice, and Social Service Utilization by
Individuals Hospitalized, Incarcerated, or Homeless," unpublished
doctoral dissertation, College Park: University of Maryland, 1996: 2-42.
14. Gillece, J., "An Analysis of Health, Criminal Justice, and Social
Service Utilization by Individuals Hospitalized, Incarcerated, or
Homeless," 4.
15. The following counties participate in MCCJTP: Allegany, Anne
Arundel, Baltimore, Calvert, Caroline, Carroll, Cecil, Charles, Dorchester,
Frederick, Harford, Kent, Prince Georges, Queen Annes, St. Marys,
Washington, Wicomico, and Worcester. Several of these commenced
program planning in February 1997.
16. Precise administrative cost figures are not available. In each
jurisdiction, a portion of supervisory, fiscal, and secretarial staff hours are
contributed to support MCCJTP staff. These costs are thought to vary
considerably across jurisdictions because of variation in pay scales and in
the complexity of MCCJTP programs.
17. Governor's Office of Justice Administration, Report of the State/Local
Criminal Justice/Mental Health Task Force, Baltimore, MD: Governor's
Office of Justice Administration, January 1995: 12.
18. The GAINS Center is run by Policy Research, Inc., a not-for-profit
branch of Policy Research Associates in Delmar, NY, a research firm
studying issues in mental health, substance abuse, criminal justice, and
homelessness.
19. As might be expected, not all mentally ill individuals who are
counseled in detention centers agree to take part in community-based
followup. Case managers report that some individuals participate only
after they fail repeatedly to make it on their own.
20. To ensure sufficient numbers of participants, the target population was
subsequently expanded to include parolees and probationers on intensive
supervision caseloads and participants in PATH, a Federal formula grant
program that funds outreach, case management, mental health, and
substance abuse services for homeless individuals with serious mental
illness and/or co-occurring substance use disorders.
21. These include Baltimore, Calvert, Caroline, Dorchester, Frederick,
Kent, and Queen Annes counties. The counties provide a 25-percent cash
match.
22. Seven of the counties--Baltimore, Calvert, Caroline, Kent, Queen
Annes, Dorchester, and Frederick--receive Edward Byrne Memorial State
and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Program funds to aid dually
diagnosed offenders. That funding also supports the 3-year database
development and research effort. In addition, Wicomico County has been
included among the pilot sites. Data collection in that county will aid in
the evaluation of the Phoenix Project.
23. The tracking database has three modules. The Intake Module includes
information on each client's demographic characteristics, current living
situation, family history, employment and finances, prior alcohol and drug
use, alcohol and drug treatment history, prior psychiatric treatment,
medical treatment, and legal circumstances. Two standardized
instruments--the Multnomah County Community Abilities Scale, which
assesses a client's level of social functioning across multiple life domains
and the Lehman Quality of Life Interview (TL-30S), which includes
objective and subjective measures of quality of life across eight life
domains--are also included in the intake data module. The Service
Encounter Module includes information on the type, amount, and duration
of services provided to jail-based clients. This module will support
analysis of level of services and service costs. The Aftercare Module
includes data on the aftercare service plan, client contacts with referral
agencies, and self-reported changes in client circumstances (e.g., in
residence, employment, psychiatric hospitalization, arrests, and substance
abuse treatment).
-------------------------------
About this study
This Program Focus was written by Catherine Conly, Associate at Abt
Associates Inc. In preparing the report, Ms. Conly met at length with Joan
Gillece and other staff of Maryland's Mental Hygiene Administration. She
also interviewed officials who participate in the MCCJTP programs in
Allegany, Charles, Frederick, Washington, and Wicomico counties;
observed local advisory board meetings; and interviewed MCCJTP clients
both in jails and in the community. In addition, Ms. Conly participated in a
3-day, multisite cross-training for mental health, substance abuse, and
corrections professionals involved in the MCCJTP.
-------------------------------
Findings and conclusions of the research reported here are those of the
author and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the
U.S. Department of Justice.
All photos courtesy of Gary Marine Photography, Inc., Delmar, MD.
The National Institute of Justice is a component of the Office of Justice
Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Assistance, the
Bureau of Justice Statistics, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention, and the Office for Victims of Crime.
NCJ 175046
April 1999
This and other NIJ publications can be found at and downloaded from the
NIJ Web site (http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij).
| en |
converted_docs | 183743 | ------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------
Sunday,
February 6
08:55-09:00 Welcome Organizers
09:00-09:30 [Accreting Neutron Stars and Dense Matter Edward Brown
Physics](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/ebrown.pdf)
09:30-10:00 [Nuclear Astrophysics with fast radioactive Hendrik
beams](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/schatz.ppt) Schatz
10:00-10:30 [From the NN interaction to Nuclear Structure and Thomas Neff
Reactions](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/neff.pdf)
10:30-10:45 Coffee Break
10:45-11:15 [Chirality in Nuclear Krzysztof
Structure](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/starosta.pdf) Starosta
11:15-11:45 [Nuclear Structure from Erich Ormand
Scratch](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/ormand_Breckinridge.ppt)
11:45-12:15 [Coupled-cluster theory for ground and excited states of David Dean
nuclei](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/dean.ppt)
12:30-17:00 Lunch, Free Discussions
17:00-17:30 [Relativistic Coulex of Neutron-Rich Cr Herbert
Isotopes](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/huebel.ppt) Huebel
17:30-18:00 [Isospin Asymmetry in Nuclei, Neutron Stars, and Heavy-Ion Andrew
Collisions](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/steiner_b05.pdf) Steiner
18:00-18:15 Coffee Break
18:15-18:45 [Nuclear reactions with unstable nuclei and the Surrogate reaction Jutta Escher
technique](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/EscherBreckenr05TalkFinal.ppt)
18:45-19:15 [Probing the EOS of neutron-rich matter with radioactive beams at Bao An Li
RIA](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/Bao-An Li.pdf)
19:30 Dinner in the hotel
------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------
------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------
Monday,
February 7
09:00-09:30 Talk Cancelled Rajeev Puri
09:30-10:00 Directed and elliptic flow in Au+Au at intermediate energies Jerzy Lukasik
10:00-10:30 [Angular-moment analysis of low relative velocity Pawel
correlations](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/danielewicz_tkbr05.pdf) Danielewicz
10:30-10:45 Coffee Break
10:45-11:15 [Ab-initio No Core Shell Model - Recent Results and Future James Vary
Promise](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/vary.ppt)
11:15-11:45 [Di-lepton spectra from Herbert
HADES](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/stroebele.ppt) Stroebele
11:45-12:15 [Onset of Deconfinement in Pb+Pb Collisions at the CERN Peter Seyboth
SPS](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/seyboth_na49_ND2005.ppt)
12:30-17:00 Lunch, Free Discussions
17:00-17:30 [J/psi and displaced vertex muon production in In-In collisions at Andre David
NA60](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/david.ppt)
17:30-18:00 [Low-mass dimuon production in p-A and In-In collisions at\ Rob Veenhof
NA60](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/rveenhof-NA60.pdf)
18:00-18:15 Coffee Break
18:15-18:45 [The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at the future accelerator facility FAIR in Claudia
Darmstadt](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/hoehne_cbm.ppt) Hoehne
18:45-19:15 [Exploring Non-Perturbative QCD with Anti-Proton Beams: the PANDA Experiment at Wolfgang
FAIR](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/kuehn.ppt) Kuehn
19:30 Dinner in town
------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------
------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
Tuesday,
February 8
09:00-09:30 [Centrality and sqrt(s\_{NN}) Dependence of Charged Particle Multiplicity and Alexander
Transverse Energy in Heavy Ion Collisions at Bazilevsky
Mid-rapidity](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/bazilevsky.ppt)
09:30-10:00 [Systematics of identified particle spectra in pp, dAu and Au-Au collisions at Levente Molnar
RHIC energies](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/molnar.ppt)
10:00-10:30 [Collision system and beam energy dependence of identified particle production Felix Matathias
with the PHENIX experiment at
RHIC](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/matathias.ppt)
10:30-10:45 Coffee Break
10:45-11:15 [Systematics and scaling properties of strangeness\ Lee Barnby
production](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/barnby.ppt)
11:15-11:45 [Strange Hadron Production in d+Au collisions at Hai Jiang
RHIC](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/HJiang.ppt)
11:45-12:15 [High-pT identified particle spectra in 200 GeV collisions from Olga
STAR](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/barannikova.ppt) Barannikova
12:30-17:00 Lunch, Free Discussions
17:00-17:30 [Correlation Functions: Getting into Scott Pratt
shape](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/pratt.ppt)
17:30-18:00 [Study of the capabilities of the ALICE Inner Tracking System stand-alone for Alberto
HBT analysis](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/pulvirenty.ppt) Pulvirenti
18:00-18:30 [Transverse Spin Physics at Ulrike
HERMES](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/Elschenbroich.pdf) Elschenbroich
18:30-18:45 Coffee Break
18:45-19:15 [Measurements of Quark Hadronization in a Nuclear Environment Edward Kinney
(HERMES)](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/Kinney.pdf)
19:15-19:45 [Future measurements at 12 GeV at Antje Bruell
Jlab](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/Bruell.ppt)
20:00 Dinner in the hotel
------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
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Wednesday,
February 9
8:30-9:00 [Two-pion emission source Roy Lacey
images](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/lacey.ppt)
09:00-09:30 Talk cancelled Jan Rak
09:30-10:00 [Gamma-charged correlations at Kirill
RHIC](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/flimonov.ppt) Filimonov
10:00-10:30 [Scaling properties of azimuthal anisotropy of mesons and baryons at Arkady
RHIC](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/taranenko.ppt) Taranenko
10:30-10:45 Coffee Break
10:45-11:15 [Quantum Black Holes and Relativistic Heavy Dima Kharzeev
Ions](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/kharzeev.ppt)
11:15-11:45 [Recent results from J.H. Lee
BRAHMS](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/JHLee.ppt)
11:45-12:15 [\$R\_{cp}\$ measurements using the Phenix Muon Arms for Andrew Glenn
\\sqrt{s\_{NN}}=200\$ d+Au
collisions.](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/glenn.ppt)
12:30-17:00 Lunch, Free Discussions
17:00-17:30 [Tomographic Studies of the sQGP at RHIC: the next Wolf Holzmann
step!](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/holzmann.ppt)
17:30-18:00 [Diffusion and Two Particle Sean Gavin
Correlations](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/gavin.ppt)
18:00-18-15 Coffee Break
18:15-18:45 [Fluctuations at Claude
RHIC](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/pruneau.ppt) Pruneau
18:45-19:15 [Incident Energy Dependence of pt Correlations at Gary Westfall
RHIC](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/westfall.ppt)
19:15-19:45 [AA versus pp (and dA): A puzzling scaling in HBT at Mike Lisa
RHIC](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/lisa.ppt)
20:00 Dinner in town
------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------
------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------
Thursday,
February 10
08:30-9:00 [Direct Photon Measurement at Takao
RHIC-PHENIX](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/sakaguchi.ppt) Sakaguchi
09:00-09:30 [Light vector meson results from the PHENIX detector in pp, dAu, and AuAu Charlie
collisions at Maguire
RHIC](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/maguire.ppt)
09:30-10:00 [Recent results from Birger Back
PHOBOS](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/back.ppt)
10:00-10:30 [Comprehensive study of heavy quark production by PHENIX at Youngil Kwon
RHIC](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/kwon.ppt)
10:30-10:45 Coffee Break
10:45-11:15 [Heavy flavor in Manuel
STAR](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/calderon.ppt) Calderon
11:15-11:45 [J/Psi Measurements in p-p, d-Au and Au-Au Collisions by the PHENIX Experiment Alexandre
at RHIC](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/lebedev.ppt) Lebedev
11:45-12:15 [Open charm from RHIC --recent results from Xin Dong
STAR](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/xdong.ppt)
12:30-17:00 Lunch, Free Discussions
17:00-17:30 [Spin Physics with the PHENIX Mickey Chiu
detector](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/chiu.ppt)
17:30-18:00 [Is there a Theta++ state? & RHIC -- Exotic Huan Z. Huang
Factory!](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/huang.ppt)
18:00-18-15 Coffee Break
18:15-18:45 [Resonances and correlations in heavy ion Christina
collisions](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/markert.ppt) Markert
18:45-19:15 [A High Energy Nuclear Dave Brown
Database](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/dbrown.pdf)
19:15-19:45 [Nuclear Modification of Heavy Flavor Production in Au+Au Collisions at 200 Sergey Butsyk
GeV](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/butsyk.ppt)
20:00 Dinner in town
------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------
------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------
Friday,
February 11
09:00-09:30 [Future of Heavy Quarks in PHENIX or "The PHENIX Vertex Gerd Kunde
Detector"](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/kunde.pdf)
09:30-10:00 [Extending Physics Capabilities of the PHENIX detector with Calorimetry at Vasily
Forward Dzordzhadze
Rapidities](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/vasily.ppt)
10:00-10:30 [PHENIX Muon Trigger Upgrade for the study of the quark/anti-quark contribution Wei Xie
to proton spin
structure.](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/wei_xie.ppt)
10:30-10:45 Coffee Break
10:45-11:15 Talk Cancelled Tom Cormier
11:15-11:45 [Heavy Ion Physics with the CMS detector at the Chad Smith
LHC](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/smith.ppt)
11:45-12:15 [Heavy Ion Physics with the ATLAS Sebastian
Detector](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/white.ppt) White
12:30-17:00 Lunch, Free Discussions
17:00-17:30 [Optical Readout Time Projection Chamber (O-TPC) for Studies in Nuclear Moshe Gai
Astrophysics](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/gai.pdf)
17:30-18:00 [A New Look at the Edwin Norbeck
PPAC](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/norbeck.ppt)
18:00-18:30 [Heavy Ions in RHIC - How to get to higher Angelika
luminosities?](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/Angelika.ppt) Drees
18:30-18-45 Coffee Break
18:45-19:15 [Hadronization mechanisms and degrees of freedom above Tc measured at Rene Bellwied
RHIC-II](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/bellwied.ppt)
19:15-19:45 [Future of Jets, Heavy Flavor and Electromagnetic Probes at RHIC and John Harris
RHIC-II](http://www.star.bnl.gov/~panitkin/Breck_05/talks/harris.ppt)
19:45-20:00 Final remarks Organizers
20:00 Banquet
------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------
| en |
converted_docs | 200091 | UNITED STATES EMBASSY BUCHAREST
DEMOCRACY COMMISSION SMALL GRANTS PROGRAM
# LIST OF FUNDED ORGANIZATIONS AND PROJECTS
**[2007-2008]{.underline}**
**Pro Democracy Bucharest**
The project ***"A Fair Referendum"*** had the purpose to contribute to a
fair environment for citizens to exercise their voting rights during the
national referendum by monitoring voting and public institutions with
responsibilities in the referendum, and to prepare and publicize report
of referendum monitoring.
**"A Step to the Future" Organization (UPSV) - Brasov**
The project **\"*Volunteerism* *Caravan*\"** has the purpose to identify
needs for young volunteers in public institutions in Brasov, train
volunteers among orphan youth in placement centers and in high schools
and help the new volunteers have a chance to be active and useful. Also,
the projects plans to create a database of volunteers, keep a log of
needs for volunteerism, and set the base for a Center of Volunteerism.
**"Speranta"(Hope) Support Association -Bucharest**
The project ***You Can Make A Difference --Be Informed!*** has the
purpose to promote democracy through activities meant to change
mentalities and attitudes of civil society in Romania towards elderly
people. Activities include two street campaigns, an informational
campaign in 5 schools and 5 high schools in Bucharest, site visit to
elderly home, a newsletter and a web site.
**Pro Democracy Onesti**
The project **\"*Introducing participation democracy*\"** has the
purpose to raise awareness among high school students in Onesti and
Targu Ocna on civic rights and obligations and involve them in small
civic projects
**Youth Forum -- Bucharest**
The project **\"*The civically responsible youth of today is the future
of democracy*\"** has the purpose to improve youth participation in
Rosiori de Vede and create opportunities for young people to express
their views and opinions, encouraging them to have a voice and
participate in the decision making process.
**Center for Independent Journalism - Bucharest**
The project **\"*Law and Order -- the internet Version* \"** has the
purpose to promote fair and responsible online journalism, to raise
awareness of targeted internet users about rights and responsibilities
on the Internet, to stimulate media to apply same rules on web as in
traditional press.
**Aria Association - Galati**
The project **\" *Let's Prepare Together to Vote Our Common Future!*\"**
with the purpose to raise awareness and educate the disadvantaged
category of children and youth whose parents are abroad for work with
respect to their civil rights and obligations and their place in
Romanian society.
**Democratic Education Center CDE - Bucharest**
The project **\"*Young People Vote*\"** has the purpose to raise
awareness of the importance of voting and encourage youth participation
in the electoral process through a caravan to travel to 10 cities**.**
**Association for Promoting Community Initiatives - Buzau**
The project **\"*For community we stand*\"** has the purpose to promote
the active democratic spirit among high school students in Buzau through
informative seminars, training and other civic education activities.
**Resource Center for Public Participation (CeRe) - Bucharest**
The project **\"*Inclusive Policy Making -- with Citizens, for the
Community*\"** has the purpose to create a dialog between citizens and
public institutions in two rural locations Giurgita (Dolj county) and
Amara (Ialomita county) so as to develop an inclusive policy making
mechanism.
**Association for Civic Rights - Arad**
The project **\"*Prevention of Human Trafficking. Educational Awareness
Program, Second Component: Peer to Peer Prevention*\"** has the purpose
to raise awareness among high school students in Arad of the dangers of
human trafficking.
**Junior Achievement - Bucharest**
The project **\"*Social Entrepreneurship through 'Be a Leader" in School
Program*\"** has the purpose to teach 11^th^ and 12^th^ grade high
school students to be community leaders, to identify community problems
and find solutions, and to write and implement community projects.
**Institute for Public Policies - Bucharest**
The project **\"***How to measure your local elected officials'
performance -- tools and mechanisms for an increased accountability of
local governance in Romania***\"** has the purpose to increase
transparency and accountability of local governments in Romania, by
actively providing citizens with efficient instruments for surveying
individual mandate performance of local councilors and by advocating for
a more transparent and participative decision making process at local
level.
**Association for Oriental Studies - Iasi**
The project **\"*Combating Discrimination and Promoting Mutual Respect
and Understanding Through Knowing the 20^th^ Century Tragedies,
Holocaust and Communism; New Education of the 21st Century* \"** will
develop a train-the-trainer course for history teachers so as to
increase the number of high schools in Romania in which students will
have a better understanding of the Holocaust and of the history of Jews.
**Association Vasiliada - Craiova**
With the project ***You have the right to know!*** the NGO raised
awareness of human rights among children 13-14 years old (in middle
school), helped them develop civic behavior and gain abilities of civic
leaders in three rural locations in Dolj county, an area facing several
problems: parents go abroad for work and leave their children behind,
children are exploited through work, Roma children fail to attend
school. In addition to raising awareness of human rights among children
and youth, the project raised awareness of local authorities in the
three villages of the major problems that the communities face there,
especially the children.
**AFI Pro Familia Association - Bistrita**
The project **\"*Teenagers, actors of the fight against human
trafficking*\"** has the purpose to carry out an awareness campaign and
training sessions among high school youth in two cities and several
rural localities in Bistrita county on the problem of trafficking in
persons.
**Romanian Association of Youth with Initiative ARTI \-- Craiova**
The project **\"*Participatory Youth Structures -- partners for public
consultation* \"** with the purpose to support youth involvement in the
decision-making process in the local and national administration through
survey, info materials, meetings and forums in various cities.
**Association Center of Consulting and Youth Education (Targu Mures)**
The project **\"*Human Rights in High Schools -- Awareness and Action*
\"** with the purpose to sustain human rights in three high schools in
Targu Mures through active involvement of all stakeholders (students,
teachers, administrative council, and parents) and through a network
that will support and promote the respect for the human rights.
**Organization of Timisoara Students (OSUT) - Timisoara**
The project **\"*Student democracy at work*\"** with the purpose to
organize a campaign to promote free democratic elections of student
representatives in the University Senate and School Councils
**Alliance for Roma Unity - Galati**
The project **\"*Equal Opportunities for Roma Population*\"** the
purpose being the rehabilitation and social insertion of 50 Roma
children at risk of abandoning school in Galati, and raising parents'
awareness of importance to keep children in school.
**[2006-2007]{.underline}**
**Association for the Implementation of Democracy (AID)** \-- *"National
Parliamentary Transparency Initiative (NETI)"* The project expands a
successful pilot project that has opened communication between MPs and
their constituencies and contributed to parliamentarians' accountability
in seven counties. A practice of regular communication between
parliamentarians and civil society will be created in seven more
counties through activities of working groups composed of MPs, local
NGOs, media, local businessmen and industries, and by monitoring
parliamentarians' activities related to local agenda and publicizing
results (projects implemented with co-funding from Embassy of Germany
and Embassy of UK).
**The Romanian Center for Economic Education (CREE)** \--*"In-Country
Train-the-Trainers Program to Seed Economic Education Delivery
Network".* The Center for Economic Education implemented a successful
pilot project of economic education in 2004, training primary school
teachers of several counties. This project will target middle school and
high school teachers in 10 cities throughout Romania. Grant will cover
costs of one seminar; the US National Council of Economic Education
(NCEE) funds other seminars as well.
**Foundation "Help the Children" Romania** \-- *"Collateral Effects of
the Institutional Environment".* Children especially those coming of age
in orphanages are in great need of education for life in society. Upon
leaving the orphanage, they face exclusion and especially girls become
targets of human trafficking. The project aims at providing education
and awareness of public institutions in Cluj of the rights and
obligations to orphan girls who come of age and leave the placement
centers (orphanages) for their social inclusion. The target group is 18
year old girls in a placement center in Cluj who will participate in
training sessions and educational activities.
**Freedom House** *\-- "A More Powerful Local Media"* Freedom of the
press is still a problem in Romania, especially for the local press.
Media is still not professional, and newspaper distribution is still
very low. The purpose is to help local press become more professional
and expand audience. The target audience is made up of media editors who
will be involved in interactive trainings (on layout, marketing,
editorial policies). Other project activities include the preparation
and publication of a guide for press managers on press analysis and
monitoring.
**YMCA** *\-- "Baia Mare Community Youth Activity Center"* **.** YMCA
Baia Mare intends to involve youth in the remote city of Baia Mare, in
partnership with local authorities, other NGOs, and high schools.
Through this project, a civic center will be created to host activities
for youth. The project is based on the results of a YMCA debate on the
topic "Youth \-- problem in society or unused resource" in March 2005.
The results showed that the young people lack education to be part of
teams, and that there aren't opportunities for youth to participate in
the life of their communities and of the city. The project aims at
establishing partnership with the local administration and various other
public institutions in Baia Mare.
**Femina 2000 Association** *\-- "Human Trafic = Slavery. Informing
Campaign Regarding Human Trafficking for Teenagers"* . Youth are more at
risk to become victims of human trafficking and educational activities
for the prevention of TIP are very much needed in Romania, especially in
Moldavia (NE) which is an area of higher risk. The purpose of the
project is to raise awareness of TIP among students 13 to 19 years old
especially in the rural areas of Neamt County through an educational
campaign, forum, workshop and media campaign.
**Anti-Aids Romanian Association (ARAS) Contanta** *\-- "It Is Time to
Speak About Your Rights!"* . Anti-AIDS Association ARAS Constanta
intends to empower HIV positive adolescents in Bucharest and 6 other
counties to advocate for the rights of HIV positive youth in Romania
through meetings and other educational/informative activities and by
facilitating their participation at a national conference (Phare grant)
**Life Foundation**\-- *"Creating Safe Communities"* **.** There is a
need for education to prevent juvenile violence. The project targets
young workers, teachers, police officers in 10 communities of Oradea and
Bihor county (NW) that will be involved in training courses. A network
will be created in the project and partnerships with local institutions
active in violence prevention which will continue to act locally after
the initial investment of this project
**Pro Democracy** \-- *"High School Students and Public Institutions".*
Pro-Democracy Bucharest has been carrying out on its own a project that
tried to get high school students interested in the activities of the
Chamber of Deputies. This project plans to expand and use the experience
accumulated so far, with the purpose to promote civic awareness among
high school youth. The target audience is 17-year old students of 11
high schools in Bucharest, Ploiesti, Alexandria, Tandarei and Zimnicea
that will be involved in a training of volunteers, a campaign and a
summer school. The NGO intends to start a tradition in the high-schools
involved in the project as source of volunteers and youth to be involved
in its future programs, and even aims at spreading this kind of
activities to other high schools in Romania.
**Center for Development and Innovation in Education TEHNE**: *\"Quality
Assurance of Education for Democratic Citizenship\"*. Freedom needs to
be practiced both by teachers and students, the project aims at helping
teachers of civic education in 6 schools in Dambovita county learn new
quality education methods, school development planning, and
self-assessment. (based on tool developed by the Council of Europe).
Activities include seminars, workshops, and planning and implementation
of activities by partner schools
**Civic Education Project and Academic Development Foundation**:
\"*Romanian Mass Media: Understanding Democratization Processes in the
Black Sea Region\"*. The purpose of the project is to inform journalists
about democratization in the Black Sea region, and educate them for more
accurate reporting of news from neighbor countries. The project will
target 10 journalists working in Romania. Activities will include:
prepare curricula, select journalists, training, workshop on
democratization in Black Sea Region, virtual forum, monitoring trained
journalists. A virtual forum will continue the work at the end of the
project.
**Romanian Reading and Writing for Critical Thinking (RWCT)**: *\"Youth
for Democracy: What Does it Take to Be an Active Citizen?\"* . High
school students need to learn to get involved in solving school
community problems. Targeting students of 3 high schools in 3 counties
(Mures, Bistrita and Cluj) as well as teachers, the project aims at
developing skills and motivation of high school youth to participate in
community projects. Activities will include human rights training for
students (4 modules) and critical thinking training (1 module) for
teachers, a web site for results dissemination, and the publication of a
guidebook also for further use in the work with students. It is expected
that the students and teachers will continue to use the skills
accumulated during the project in school and in their life.
**Media Monitoring Agency (MMA)**: *\"FreeEx - The Ethics of TV News\".*
Media, as guardian of democracy, needs to keep a balance between its
economic demands for sustainability and its social responsibility of
accurate reporting and informing citizens. The project will address 9 TV
stations in Romania with the purpose of identifying the manner in which
TV stations in Romania observe journalistic ethical standards and
obligation to act in the public interest. Activities will include TV
stations monitoring and research activities (setting agenda, main
categories of information, ethics analysis)
**[2005 - 2006]{.underline}**
**Social Alternatives Association Iasi** \-- *"Promoting democracy
through actions against child labor and trafficking in children"*
(promote democracy through activities meant to defend the right to
education, to combat trafficking in persons, and to reduce vulnerability
towards trafficking through vocational guidance for students in high
school.)
**Disputa Transylvanian Association (Oradea) & ARDOR \--** "*Romanian
Youth Versus Corruption"* A series of public debates across Romania
about the role of youth in fighting corruption*"* (with the purpose to
build an anti-corruption mentality among the young generation, to
stimulate the development of young opinion leaders, to raise awareness
and responsibility among parents and teachers for the creation of a
sounder environment for youth)
**FAMNET Federation** \-- "*"Child, fight against vulnerability by
getting informed!"* (prevent human trafficking by educating students in
middle school and high-school about this phenomenon both during
activities held in schools and during a summer camp to include sessions
on the topic.)
Panaghia Assoc. for Community Development (Calopar commune, Dolj) \--
*"Partners for Dialog"* (stimulate citizens participation at the
decision making process through the dialog between community and Local
Council in the commune Calopar, Dolj County.)
LADO Cluj-Napoca \-- *"Conduct Guidelines for City Hall Employees"*
(introduce Conduct Guidelines to the employees of Cluj City Hall, and
raise citizen awareness about the right for decent treatment from state
employees)
Phoenix Hope Association (Medias) \-- *"Mobile office of information and
consultancy"* (inform and educate marginalized disabled people in Medias
area about their rights and responsibilities as members of their
communities and citizens of Romania, raise awareness in those
communities and create a network of community leaders educated in the
spirit of democracy)
Cluj-Napoca Volunteer Center -- *"Cluj Napoca Volunteer Center"*
(develop volunteerism in Cluj-Napoca and increase the number of
organizations and institutions which involve volunteers in their work)
**Hope and Homes for Children (Baia-Mare)** -- *"Anti Discrimination
Campaign: Special Olympics Baia Mare"* (promote equal chances for people
with special needs by providing an event which gives the chance for
community involvement with disabled people: a one day Special Olympics
event in Maramures county)
**Association "A Step to the Future" (Un Pas Spre Viitor UPSV) \--**
*"Youth for youth -- always together"* (inform and educate the orphans
in placement centers on their democratic rights and obligations as
rightful members of society, inform employees of townhalls, public
administration, ministry of labor and social protection, ministry of
education, police, and other relevant authorities on the legal
provisions concerning young orphans leaving placement centers in order
to work out solutions to common problems that these young people
encounter, and to hold informative activities on the topic for
communities in Brasov and Prahova counties)
**Sun Valley Association (Targu-Mures) -- "***We did elect them! Do they
work for our environment?"* (lobby for the adoption of new regulations
on the decision-making process concerning the environment at local
administration level that should involve civic society in Targu-Mures)
**Romanian Foundation for Accident Victims Assistance FRAVA
(Timisoara)** \-- "*Victims, Damages, Consumer Rights, and Unaccountable
Law"* (build the non-existing practice of defending consumers and
victims of accidents by informing and training the judiciary on
practices in western democracies and by raising awareness among citizens
on their democratic rights as consumers)
**Center for the Training of Journalists (CTJ)** \-- *"The Community
Convergence Project CCP -- Building citizen participation in drafting
laws and making decisions in 9 communities in Tulcea and Galati
counties"* (encourage civic participation and initiative, to initiate
local partnerships with public administration, to help citizens and
local administration work together in identifying the best solutions for
development)
**CRISDU-AREOPAGUS** \-- *"Leaders of Tomorrow, Voters of Tomorrow:
Together for Better Politics"* (bring together students, experts and
civic NGOs representatives with representatives of youth organizations
of political parties, and local administration in Timisoara and Iasi to
exchange information and discuss expectations)
**Romanian Association for Community Development (RACD)** \-- "*Working
Together for a Better Community"* **(**encourage more citizen
involvement in the community life through community based organizations.
The target audience consists in 32 representatives of 16 community-based
organizations, registered or informal groups, in Arges, Olt, Teleorman
counties)
**PAEM Foundation (Alba)** \-- *"Conflict Resolution for Roma Minorities
in Romanian Classrooms"* (train Alba County educators to address their
own discriminatory attitudes towards Roma students, and the classroom
tensions between Romanian and Roma students, to teach them ways to deal
with ethnic tensions)
**Institute for Public Policies (IPP)** \-- "*The Nominal Voting
Procedure (Roll Call) in the Romanian Parliament - a decisive step
towards increasing the accountability of the Romanian MPS and
strengthening their relation with voters in between elections"*
(increase the political accountability of public elected officials in
Romania and the transparency of the deliberative process in all its
stages)
**[2004]{.underline}**
**Academic Foundation for Rural Progress "Terra Nostra"** **(Iasi)** \--
*"Property basis: the basis of liberal democracy"* (awareness of
property rights and respect for private property)
**Agency for Information and Development of NGOS (AID-ONG) Timisoara**
**\--** "*Building a coalition for a better legal framework for NGOs"*
(cooperation between NGOs for more effective laws concerning NGOs)
**Association for Socio-Economic Development (ADES)** Curtea de Arges
\-- "*Campaign to improve citizens rights to knowledge"* (awareness of
democratic/human rights and citizen-government communication in Curtea
de Arges)
**League of Young Romanians from Everywhere \--** "*News to know:
introducing democratic media to poor schools in Galati and Tulcea"*
(introduce media to middle school students in rural areas in Galati and
Tulcea)
**Romanian Association of Debate, Oratory and Rhetoric (ARDOR)** **\--**
*"Young decision makers"* (legislative debate as a tool of civic
education, preparing students for a life of active community
participation)
Terra Mileniul III \-- *"Whom do we vote for a sustainable
development?"* (monitor environmental policies promoted by political
parties, citizen debates on parties' environmental policies)
Health Messengers Association \-- *"My first vote -- civic multimedia
education for teenagers"* (civic education of the young voters)
IKON Foundation (Galati) \-- *"My first vote for democracy and
progress"* (civic education of first time voters)
Center for Political Studies and Comparative Analysis (CPSCA) \-- *"A
Public agenda for reform in an electoral year -- main issues and how
they are addressed"* **(**put public concerns on politicians' agenda)
Association for the Implementation of Democracy (AID) \-- *"National
electoral transparency"* (citizen awareness of public policies promoted
during the electoral campaign and dialog on public policies)
**Protect Nature and Youth** (Motru) **\--** *"A new beginning for Motru
youth"* (awareness among the youth in Motru of their democratic rights
and obligations)
**Alternative Foundation (Oradea) \--** *"Building citizenship in
Oradea"* (internships for young students with public administration)
**EuroEd Foundation** **(Iasi) \--** *"Next lesson: Democracy"*
(alternative methods for civic education in classrooms)
**League of Romanian Lawyers** **\--** *"Can Justice be more than just
debating reform"* (discussion of reform solutions aimed at a justice
free from politics)
**ALMA-RO Association \--** *"Codes of ethics for local elected
representatives -- an instrument against corruption"* (awareness among
public and elected representatives about the Code of Ethics and share
the experience of other countries in the implementation of the Code)
**Montana Motilor Association** **(Alba Iulia) --** *"Democracy and
intercultural dialog in multiethnic school communities"* (promote
democracy, non-discrimination and equal opportunity in order to prevent
low academic achievement of Roma children)
**Pro Women Foundation** **(Iasi) \--** *"Partners for equality"*
(gender-related information to citizens in Iasi)
Romanian Center for Economic Education (CREE) \-- *"Democracy advanced
through market economy-based education. Training trainers on economic
education in elementary school"* (train schoolteachers to better provide
students with the knowledge and ability to use economic principles of
democratic society in practical and effective manners)
Zone Geographic Initiative "People of Sibiu for Peace" \-- *"Perpetuum
Memoriam -- Information Caravan about Holocaust in Sibiu's county"*
(disseminate information regarding the Holocaust events to the citizens
of Sibiu county)
**Academic Society for Researh of Religions and Ideologies (SACRI)
Cluj** **\--** *"Future leaders, future voters: how can they make a
difference?"* (bring together the future leaders with their future
voters)
**Democratic Union of Roma (Alba Iulia)** **--** *"Electoral education
of Roma in Alba county"* (voter education and encouragement for civic
participation of Roma ethnics in 21 communities in Alba county)
**Youth CeTin Organization (Bistrita)** **\--** *"Know about your
rights. ACT on your responsibilities"* (youth citizenship awareness of
democratic principles and human/child rights)
**African and Oriental Studies Association (Bacau)** **\--** *"Teaching
the Holocaust in the 21^st^ century"* (train 30 high-school teachers to
train colleagues in teaching the history of the Holocaust)
Ramses Foundation -- Foundation for Social Development of the Roma (Dej)
\-- *"People for People"* (human rights education through 2 series of
interactive radio talk shows)
**[2003]{.underline}**
**Manfred Worner Euro-Atlantic Association \--** *"Opening the past:
freedom of information in foreign affairs and military archives"*
(overcome institutional barriers that are blocking access to state
archives)
**Romanian Center for Education and Human Development (CRED)** **\--**
*"Human Rights Education in Reeducation Centers for Minors"* (increase
knowledge, skills and conduct in observance of human rights both in
staff and inmates in prisons for minors)
**Institute for Public Policies (IPP) \--** *"Romanian Constitution
under public debate"* (awareness among young citizens and retired people
(the least informed) about the importance of revising the constitution
and to better inform them about the main issues that are subject to
revision)
**Zalau Volunteer Center \--** *"Zalau volunteer development"*
(encourage volunteering among citizens in the county through campaigns)
**Friends of the library (Zalau) \--** *"Democracy and Human Rights
Education Project"* (informative purpose through seminar, presentations
in schools, human rights day, resource center on democracy and human
rights in the county library, visits to public institutions in
Bucharest)
Romanian Society for Defending Human Rights (SADOR) Galati \-- *"From
spectator to participant"* (public awareness of human rights through
info center, booklet on public institutions, citizen meetings w/ local
administration, citizen reports to local administration on most frequent
problems and unsolved cases)
**Foundation Biosanta (Bistrita)** \-- *"Human trafficking -- explained
to teenagers"* (create positive attitude among teenagers regarding
trafficking prevention through meetings with high-school students in
Bistrita-Nasaud county during summer camps and school afterclasses)
Foundation for Democratic Change (FDC) \-- *"Developing support for
third-neutral intervention in ethnic conflicts"* (develop a specialized
working group of Roma NGOs representatives to work in prevention and
resolution of conflicts within the Roma community)
CERAS Foundation Ramnicu-Valcea \-- *"Democracy starts with me":* to
involve high-school students in Ramnicu-Valcea in promoting democratic
activities through participation in the Local Youth Council
**CENTRAS Constanta \--** *"Public awareness campaign promoting
volunteerism"*(awareness on the importance of volunteerism through
campaign in the Dobrogea area)
## Alliance for the Unity of the Roma People Braila \-- *"A Day in Life":* to teach understanding and tolerance through experience (multicultural education in classrooms of Braila county)
# Romanian Academic Society (SAR) \-- *"Policy Warning Report: Strengthening Romania's Democracy by Building Independent Sources of Policy Expertise"*(public debate about important public policy issues through the publication of a series of reports based on results of opinion polls and through policy discussions with decision makers and media coverage)
**Center for Urban and Regional Sociology (CURS) \--** *"Understanding
political migration in Romania"*(public education and media debate on
the topic of political migration through research, public dissemination
of results, regional meetings and action plans)
**Save the Children --Arges \--** *"Learn and live in and for society"*
(to complement civic education program in schools of Pitesti for more
powerful impact and engage children in activities in the local
community)
**[2002]{.underline}**
**Foundation for Development through Economic Education and Partnership
(DEEP) \--** *"Community Survey*" (increase citizen participation in the
Jiu Valley area by working with community to identify problems, seek
solutions, lobby before local administration to adopt solutions)
**Ethnocultural Roma Project Organization (OPRE) \--** *"Democracy
training"* (train in democracy young representatives of the Roma
community, initiate communication network with other ethnic NGOs, Gov,
academia)
**Assoc. of Neuromotor Handicapped in Romania (AHNR) \--** *"Towns for
all"* (first public campaign to make buildings and means of transport
accessible to physically handicapped people)
**Foundation for Culture and Human Rights \--** *"Literature in a
conflict environment"* (hold a two-day conference with international
cultural figures to meet, dialog and initiate cooperation projects, and
have conference proceeds published in supplemental issue of "22"
magazine)
**Center for Legal Resources** **\--** *"Combating cybercrime"* (to
bring together experts to draft law on cybercrime)
**Association of European Youth (ATE) \--** *"Public participation in
the local government"* (to stimulate citizens' active participation in
decisions concerning their community in four villages of Olt county)
**Romanian Society for Political Studies (SRSP) \--** *"Invisible
College"*(alternative academic education in the field of political
studies)
**Peasant Museum \--** *"Hungarians in Romania"*(exhibition dedicated to
the life, traditions, culture of Hungarian minority and multimedia
center on the life of this minority)
**Reaching Out** \-- *"Preparation for governmental shelters to victims
of trafficking"* (working model for implementation in shelters when Gov
takes over shelters from NGOs)
**[2001]{.underline}**
**Students' League \--** civic education during children's summer camps
**Peasant Museum \--** Two exhibitions dedicated to the Rroma, Jewish,
and other ethnic minorities. "Together"exhibition is an itinerant
exhibition and focuses more on the Rroma ethnics
**Association of Support for the Physically Handicapped Children
(ASCHFR) \--** *"Give communication a chance*" (three issues of the
Association's magazine, with contributions -- articles and graphics --
by handicapped children)
**Association of Women Entrepreneur and Pro Familia Agency \--**
*"FAM-NET"*(to create virtual community of NGOs dealing with domestic
violence and trafficking
**Master Forum Association \--** *PAL-TIN - "Youth Participation in
Local Administration"*, meeting of children and youth "councils" and
"mayors"
**CARA Arad \--** To create five clubs, replicas of the American
Toastmasters' to teach democratic principles and promote communication
and leadership training
**National Institute of Magistrates \--** legal training of young
journalists of Bucharest and the country
**[2000]{.underline}**
**Equal chances for women (SEF) -- "***Guideline for work inspectors on
equal opportunities"* **(**to work with Office of Inspectors, Ministry
of Labor to introduce equal opportunities norms and practices in
inspectors\' activity & raise awareness on gender discrimination in
career building)
**Association of Physically Handicapped AHFR Lugoj --** *"The wall is
us: educate us to educate others"* **(**through special classes in
high-schools in Timisoara, to raise awareness of the young generation
and change its mentality on disabled people, and thus to contribute to
the acceptance and integration of this category into society)
###
**Partners for Change --** *"Communication skills for women in
politics"* (to contribute to the promotion of equal opportunities in
Romania and to help increase the number of women in decision-making
positions in the administration, by teaching communication skills to 20
women-politicians, candidates in the elections)
**Symposium XXI Foundation -- (**electoral education of young voters for
presidential and parliamentary elections of November 2000)
**Romania Literara Foundation \--** to dedicate a section of the
\"Romania Libera\" journal to the publication of U. S. essays on human
rights, civic education, and democracy.
**Roma Women Association \--** to improve communication among NGOs of
Roma through newsletter and homepage
**Civic Society Development Foundation FDSC \--** to organize the annual
NGOs Fair in Bucharest with the purpose to help boost the NGO sector in
Romanian civic society
**Regional Center for Economic and Organizatio-nal Development CREDO
STAR (Cluj) \--** to connect NGOs and local administration in Cluj
county through meetings and live TV interactive debates with the purpose
to get politicians\' attention before elections on major concerns of
NGOs and civic society
**Romanian Business School \--** *\"Guide for Women\'s Associations\"*
(to provide legal info and share from experience in the U.S. adaptable
to the Romanian reality, to help nascent associations in Romania play a
stronger role in civic society)
**League for the Defense of Human Rights LADO \--** *\"Equal
opportunities for men and women\"* (promote a series of principles and
terms to become part of Romanian legislation -- equal opportunities,
gender issues, discrimination, sexual harassment)
**National Organization of Disabled People \--** *\"The Human Rights
Week\"* (establish a connection between pupils and disabled people in
order to make the young generation aware of the barrier that prejudices
of society place before people with disabilities and to fight such
prejudices for equal participation to society life of its members)
**[1999]{.underline}**
**Romanian Forum of Social-Democratic Women \--** to create the first
national database on the condition of women in Romania
**Women-Manager Association \--** to integrate women into the free
market economy, encourage entrepreneurship among women and serve as
lobby for women entrepreneurs through newsletter
**Association of Women Entrepreneurs \--** guidebook to educate social
service working with abused women & seminars to raise public awareness
on domestic violence and to get the government enforce legislation in
the field
**Study Group of the Problems of the Disabled \--** Study on the
implementation status of UN Standard Rules and round table on the
International Day of the Disabled (December 3)
**Association of Neuromotor Handicapped in Romania (AHNR) \--** to draft
proposal of amendments to law on handicapped per UN Standards, and
lobby; seminar on policies for implementation of standards
**H Foundation for Distance Learning \--** to provide access to
education to children w/ disabilities; propose alternative teaching
method and train instructors
**\"Altair\" Foundation \--** develop database of cases of handicapped
children in rural areas left out of government statistics; work with the
government to improve assistance programs for handicapped children
**\"ANA\" (Feminist Analysis Society)** \-- raise awareness among
decision makers and public opinion on need to include gender issues in
policies by publishing special issue of \"Jurnal\" dedicated to outcomes
of 10 years of gendering transition in Romania
**\"Trebuie\" Organization of Children and Adults with Special Needs
\--** to initiate standard models of social integration of disabled
children through series of seminars w/ NGOs in child protection and
Government
| en |
converted_docs | 543499 | # Compressed Air System Data Sheet May 2006
A. **Facility Information Today's Date: [ ]{.underline}**
+--------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| **1. Business Name:** | |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| **2. Contact Name and | **(** **)** **-** |
| Telephone:** | |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| **3. Address** (City, | |
| State, Zip)**:** | |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| **4. Serving Electric | |
| Utility Name:** | |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| **5. Utility Account | |
| Number:** | |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| **6. Facility's Annual | **kWhs** |
| kWh** | |
| | |
| **Electricity Usage:** | |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
B. Compressor Data
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| **Number of | **[ | | |
| compressors** | ]{. | | |
| | underline}** | | |
| **If more than 1, how | | | |
| are they** | [ | | |
| | | | |
| **Interconnected?** | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | ] | | |
| | {.underline} | | |
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| | [Compressor | [Compressor | [Compressor |
| | 1] | 2] | 3]{ |
| | {.underline} | {.underline} | .underline} |
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| **Location** | | | |
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| **1. Compressor Make:** | | | |
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| **2. Compressor Model | | | |
| No.** | | | |
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| **3. Type** (Recip, | | | |
| screw, | | | |
| | | | |
| centrifugal)**:** | | | |
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| **4. Controls Type:** | | | |
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| **5. Discharge | | | |
| Pressure:** | | | |
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| **6. Rated CFM:** | | | |
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| **7. Percent Capacity** | | | |
| (production)**:** | | | |
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| **8. Percent Capacity** | | | |
| (non- | | | |
| | | | |
| production)**:** | | | |
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| **9. Approximate age:** | | | |
| | **yrs** | **yrs** | **yrs** |
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| **10. Estimated Annual | | | |
| Operation:** | **hrs** | **hrs** | **hrs** |
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| **11. Receiver Size:** | | | |
| | **gals** | **gals** | **gals** |
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| **12. Receiver Drainage | | | |
| Control?** | | | |
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| **13. Compressor Room | | | |
| Header Size:** | | | |
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
C.
D. **MOTOR DATA**
-------------------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
[Compressor [Compressor [Compressor
1]{.underline} 2]{.underline} 3]{.underline}
**1. Motor Manufacturer:**
**2. Nameplate Horse
Power:**
**3. Rated Volts:**
**4. Rated Amps:**
**5. Motor RPM:**
-------------------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
E. **POWER INPUT DATA, (if available)**
-------------------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
[Compressor [Compressor [Compressor
1]{.underline} 2]{.underline} 3]{.underline}
**1. Line Voltage:**
**2. Amperage:**
**3. Power Factor**
(percentage)**:**
**4. kW Measured** (V \* A
\* PF \* 0.01732 /1,000) =
-------------------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
F. DRYER EQUIPMENT TYPE
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| | [Equipment | [Equipment | [Equipment |
| | 1] | 2] | 3]{ |
| | {.underline} | {.underline} | .underline} |
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| **1. Mfg Brand Name;** | | | |
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| **2. Model #:** | | | |
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| **3. Dryer Type** | | | |
| (Refrig, heated, | | | |
| | | | |
| heatless) | | | |
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| **4. Dryer Inlet | | | |
| Pressure:** | | | |
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| **5. Dryer Inlet | | | |
| Temperature:** | | | |
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| **6. Dryer Outlet | | | |
| Pressure:** | | | |
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| **7. Dryer Outlet | | | |
| Temperature:** | | | |
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| **8. Dryer Pressure Drop | | | |
| (In -- Out)** | | | |
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| **9. Filter Type:** | | | |
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| **10. Filter Pressure | | | |
| drop:** | | | |
+--------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
G. **aIR CONSUMPTION DATA** (list on a separate page)
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----+-----+
| End-use | Required | Minimum | Average | Peak | Cy | |
| | Pressure | | | | cle | |
| Name: | (psig) | Flow | Flow | Flow | T | |
| | | | | | ime | |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----+-----+
| | | | | | In | Out |
| | | | | | (s | (s |
| | | | | | ec) | ec) |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----+-----+
| en |
converted_docs | 252879 | ## PART IV.
## BYPASSES, GRIEVANCES UNDER THE NEGOTIATED GRIEVANCE PROCEDURE, AND REPRESENTATION RIGHTS CREATED BY CONTRACT AND PAST PRACTICES
This Part provides a general introduction to the legal elements
necessary to establish the bypass of an exclusive representative, the
right to representation when processing a grievance under a negotiated
grievance procedure, and representational rights created by contract and
past practice. A more detailed listing of the rules of law, with
supporting Authority and court citations, can be found in Appendicies C,
D and E.
## A. Bypass of the Exclusive Representative
### 1. Duty to Deal Only with the Union
In certain situations, an agency must deal only with the union that
exclusively represents the bargaining unit employees. The agency may not
deal with the employees directly, even if the agency offers the union an
opportunity to be present and to actively participate. Rather, the union
can insist that the agency only deal with it. This right derives from
the statutory mandate in section 7114(a) that :
> (a)(1) A labor organization which has been accorded exclusive
> recognition is the exclusive representative of the employees in the
> unit it represents and is entitled to act for, and negotiate
> collective bargaining agreements covering, all employees in the unit.
The type of situation where the agency must deal only with the union are
those where the matter concerns grievances or bargaining over negotiable
conditions of
employment. [**\[n63\]**](http://www.flra.gov/gc/guidance/#38) In other
words, if the matter is something over which the union has a statutory
right to represent the employees, then the agency must deal only with
the union. However, just because a matter concerns a negotiable
condition of employment does not automatically mean that the agency may
not communicate or meet with employees over that topic. Rather, it is
only in those circumstances where the union has a statutory
right/obligation to represent that the bypass prohibition is inserted.
For example, an agency must only negotiate with the union over
conditions of
employment. [**\[n64\]**](http://www.flra.gov/gc/guidance/#42) However,
an agency may circulate surveys or hold formal discussions with the
opportunity for union representation to obtain employee feedback on how
agency programs and processes are operating, even though any changes in
those programs or processes may need to be negotiated before
implementation. [**\[n65\]**](http://www.flra.gov/gc/guidance/#46)
Thus, for a bypass to exist, there must be agency interaction with one
or more employees when the agency should instead be dealing directly and
exclusively with the appropriate exclusive representative. The following
questions should be considered in determining if there is a potential
for a bypass situation:
- What statutory right grants the union the right to deal exclusively
with the agency over the subject matter at issue?\
- Does the subject matter concern a grievance under a negotiated
grievance procedure or a negotiable condition of employment?\
- Were the parties engaged in, or preparing for, collective bargaining
over the subject matter?\
### 2. Strategies to Avoid Bypass Situations
It is sometimes difficult for parties to distinguish an agency\'s
unlawful bypass of an exclusive representative from a lawful agency
communication or a meeting with unit employees. One step that an agency
can employ to avoid bypass allegations is simply to refrain from meeting
alone with any employee involved in a grievance filed under the
negotiated agreement. Also, in my view, the easiest way to avoid
conflict over possible bypasses is for an agency to keep the union
informed of its intentions to communicate with unit employees over
conditions of employment. Many times, a bypass allegation accompanies
situations where a union is not given the opportunity to be present at a
formal discussion. Seldom are bypass allegations made when a union is
invited to participate in such formal discussions. Similarly, if an
agency intends to use a survey to obtain employee feedback, notification
to and involvement of the union in that survey should alleviate any
concerns over a bypass. The situation becomes less clear when a union is
invited to a formal discussion but declines based on its belief that the
agency has no right to deal with the employees at all on the issue, but
only with the union. The Regions are requested to investigate and
consider the three factors listed above and then submit such cases for
advice.
## B. Grievances Under the Negotiated Grievance Procedure
### 1. Right to Representation
Section 7121 of the Statute sets forth the framework and requirements
for negotiated grievance procedures under the Statute. With respect to
the right to representation, section 7121(b) provides employees with two
options: (1) a grievance may be filed by a union on behalf of the
employee; or (2) an employee may file a grievance on his/her own
behalf. [**\[n66\]**](http://www.flra.gov/gc/guidance/#50) When a union
files a grievance on behalf of an employee, the agency is required to
deal only with the union over all matters pertaining to that grievance.
Any dealing with the employee in the absence of the union would be
contrary to section 7121 and a bypass of the union, as well as a formal
discussion
violation. [**\[n67\]**](http://www.flra.gov/gc/guidance/#60) Should an
employee choose to file a grievance on his/her own behalf, the union
would not be the representative of the employee for purposes of the
grievance. [**\[n68\]**](http://www.flra.gov/gc/guidance/#64)
Nonetheless, the Statute requires that the union must be afforded the
opportunity to be present during the processing of the
grievance. [**\[n69\]**](http://www.flra.gov/gc/guidance/#68) The
reason for this requirement is to enable the union to represent, when
and if applicable, its views on any institutional interests of the union
in interpreting the contract which is applicable to all unit employees.
### 2. Strategies to Avoid Disputes over Representation at Grievances.
As noted above at section A.2. regarding bypasses, the easiest way for
an agency to avoid violating this right is to refrain from meeting alone
with any grievant who has filed a grievance under the negotiated
grievance procedure, whether the grievance was filed by the union on
behalf of the employee, or whether the employee filed the grievance and
elected to represent him/herself or have the union as a representative.
Many bypasses regarding grievances occur because of good intentions by
an agency to resolve a pending grievance. The simplest way to avoid
those situations is simply to not meet alone with a grievant. Similarly
once an agency has recognized the union as a representative in a dispute
between a unit employee and the agency, even if no grievance has been
filed under the contract procedures, the agency acts at its peril if it
deals only with the employee regarding the matter, even if such dealing
is limited to delivering the final
decision. [**\[n70\]**](http://www.flra.gov/gc/guidance/#72)
## C. Representation Rights Created by Contract and Past Practices
### 1. Establishment of Rights Through Contracts
Parties may also create a right to representation through their
negotiations or practice. Parties may negotiate the right to
representation into their contract. The parties are free to identify
those situations and conditions where union representation is
appropriate. By negotiating such provisions, the parties are creating a
contractual right to representation. Thus, these are situations where
the Statute does not grant a right to representation, but rather the
right to represent is negotiated as part of a contractual benefit. As a
contract right and not a statutory right, any dispute over the
implementation or breach of the right constitutes a grievance and not an
unfair labor practice, unless the breach qualifies as a
repudiation. [**\[n71\]**](http://www.flra.gov/gc/guidance/#76)
The parties may also define in their contract how they will exercise and
implement their statutory rights. For example, a right for the union to
be represented at a formal discussion is contained in the Statute.
However, the parties may negotiate the manner in which that right would
be exercised. The parties may negotiate, for example, requirements for
notice and participation as discussed in section E.1. and 2. of Part II.
As with contract rights establishing a right to representation, any
dispute over whether a party has complied with a particular contract
provision concerning how a statutory right would be exercised would
again be a grievance and not an unfair labor practice, unless it is a
repudiation. However, if a party charges that the other has not complied
with a statutory right (rather than the particular contract provision),
the contract provision that limits or defines the implementation of that
statutory right may be a defense to the unfair labor practice
allegation. [**\[n72\]**](http://www.flra.gov/gc/guidance/#80)
In sum:
- Agreeing in a contract to additional rights to representation not
contained in the Statute creates contract rights. Disputes over
those contract provisions are grievances (unless there is a
repudiation). For example, a contract clause granting a right to
representation when an employee receives a notice of proposed
discipline (which is not a statutory right) is a contract right, the
breach of which is a grievance.\
- Agreeing in a contract to provisions that implement a statutory
right creates contract rights. Disputes over those contract
provisions are grievances (unless there is a repudiation). For
example, a contract clause that requires an agency to give at least
five days notice of a formal discussion and the agency gives only
two days. The five days notice period is a contract right, the
breach of which is a grievance. However, if two days notice is
reasonable under the circumstances, although there may be a breach
of the contract, there would be no formal discussion unfair labor
practice since the union was afforded a reasonable opportunity to
select a representative to attend the meeting.\
- Agreeing in a contract to provisions that limit a statutory right
can result in an otherwise unlawful act being lawful, if that act is
consistent with the contractual limitation. For example, if the
contract requires the union to notify the agency of its designated
representative within two days after receiving notice of a scheduled
formal discussion, but designates its representative after three
days, the union may have given up its right to representation at the
formal discussion.\
### 2. Establishment of Rights Through Past Practices
Parties also may create a right to representation through a
practice. [**\[n73\]**](http://www.flra.gov/gc/guidance/#84) Under
these circumstances, that representational practice many not be modified
by either party without fulfilling the statutory bargaining obligation.
In other words, the representational practice should be treated just as
every other established condition of employment. It may be changed, but
only through the statutory collective bargaining process.
### 3. Strategies to Avoid Disputes over Representation Rights Created by Contract and Past Practices.
I suggest that should parties decide to create rights to representation
in their contract, the contract language should be as clear as possible
to avoid future disputes over its meaning and application. Vague
language that is used to satisfy both parties\' immediate concerns
usually comes at the cost of future conflict. Any contractual right and
corresponding obligation should be explicit, with a joint bargaining
history and examples to guide the employees, union officials and
managers. Similarly, contract language implementing a statutory right
should be equally clear. The parties should understand that they are
creating contractual rights and obligations and that, absent a
repudiation, any unresolved dispute is a grievance and not an unfair
labor practice.
Even more significant, if the parties agree to place some sort of
limitation on existing statutory rights, such as formal discussions or
the right not to be bypassed, the parties should make those limitations
explicit. Before agreeing to place any limitation on the exercise of a
statutory right, parties must realize that what was once an unfair labor
practice may now become a lawful practice if the party charged merely
acts in accordance with the contract.
**Footnote \# 63** - Part IV
[INS, Rosedale]{.underline}, 55 FLRA at 1038 (quoting from FCI
[Bastrop]{.underline} , 51 FLRA at 1346) (bypass, in addition to a
formal discussion, when the agency met alone with an employee concerning
a grievance) and [Social Security Administration]{.underline}, 55 FLRA
No. 160, 55 FLRA 978, 982-83 (1999) (bypass when an agency negotiated a
last chance agreement with an employee that changed conditions of
employment when there was no proposed formal discipline).
**Footnote \# 64** - Part IV
[E.g.]{.underline}, [Air Force Accounting and Finance Center, Lowry
Air Force Base, Denver, Colorado]{.underline}, 42 FLRA No. 85, 42 FLRA
1226, 1239 (1991) (bypass when the agency approved and implemented
bargaining unit employees proposal to provide late coverage for the
office).
**Footnote \# 65** - Part IV
[Internal Revenue Service, (District, Region and National
Units)]{.underline}, 19 FLRA No. 48, 19 FLRA 353, 354-55 (1985) and
[Department of Defense, Office of Dependents Schools]{.underline}, 19
FLRA No. 94, 19 FLRA 762, 763-64 (1985), [affirmed]{.underline}, 826
F.2d 114 (D.C. Cir. 1987) (no bypass by distributing questionnaires to
unit employees soliciting their suggestion for improvement).
**Footnote \# 66** - Part IV
Section 7121(b)(1)(C)(i) and (ii) provides:
(b) (1)Any negotiated grievance procedure referred to in
subsection (a) of this section shall -
> . . . . .
>
> \(C\) include procedures that\--
>
> (i) assure an exclusive representative the right, in
> its own behalf or on behalf of any employee in the unit represented by
> the exclusive representative, to present and process grievances;
>
> (ii) assure such an employee the right to present a
> grievance on the employee\'s own behalf, and assure the exclusive
> representative the right to be present during the grievance proceeding
> . . . .
**Footnote \# 67** - Part IV
[INS, Rosedale]{.underline}, 55 FLRA at 1038.
**Footnote \# 64** - Part IV
An employee is precluded, however, from obtaining representation from
any other source, such as a co-worker or a private attorney. [American
Federation of Government Employees, Local 1858, and U.S. Army Missile
Command, U.S. Army Test, Measurement, and Diagnostic Equipment Support
Group, U.S. Army, Information Systems Command -Redstone Arsenal
Commissary]{.underline}, 29 FLRA No. 14, 29 FLRA 69, 71-72 (proposal
that required either a representative in a grievance to be a union
official or to be approved by the union, and that also allowed employees
to represent themselves, was negotiable).
**Footnote \# 68** - Part IV
Section 7121(b)(1)(C)(ii) of the Statute.
**Footnote \# 69** - Part IV
[See]{.underline} [438th Air Base Group, McGuire Air Force Base, New
Jersey]{.underline}, 28 FLRA No. 145, 28 FLRA 112 (1987) (bypass when
the agency delivered a final decision on a disciplinary matter to an
employee who had been represented by the union where the contract
provided for union representation and the agency knew the employee had
been represented) and [Department of the Air Force, Sacramento Air
Logistics Center, McClellan Air Force Base, California]{.underline}, 35
FLRA No. 39, 35 FLRA 345 (1990) (bypass when the agency presented final
decisions on disciplinary actions to employees that had been represented
by the union in oral and written responses to the discipline).
**Footnote \# 70** - Part IV
[Department of the Air Force, 375th Mission Support Squadron, Scott
Air Force Base, Illinois]{.underline}, 51 FLRA No. 72, 51 FLRA 858
(1996) (Authority repudiation doctrine), also discussed in the OGC
Guidance on \"The Impact of Collective Bargaining Agreements on the Duty
to Bargain and the Exercise of Other Statutory Rights\" (March 5, 1997).
Of course, once there is a contract right to be represented, the union
has the statutory right to designate the union official to serve as that
representative.
**Footnote \# 72** - Part IV
[Internal Revenue Service, Washington, D.C.]{.underline}, 47 FLRA No.
193, 47 FLRA 1091 (1993) (establishes the Authority\'s contract
interpretation defense to an unfair labor practice) and the OGC Guidance
on \"The Impact of Collective Bargaining Agreements on the Duty to
Bargain and the Exercise of Other Statutory Rights\" (March 5, 1997).
**Footnote \# 73** - Part IV
[See]{.underline}, [e.g.]{.underline}, [Federal Aviation
Administration, Washington, D.C. and Professional Airways Systems
Specialists]{.underline}, 55 FLRA No. 198, 55 FLRA 1233 (2000)
(established past practice for union representation on panels for
rating, ranking and interviewing employees).
| en |
converted_docs | 765175 | **Hampton University**
Hampton\'s College of Continuing Education offers a Bachelor\'s Degree
in Emergency Medical Systems Management which includes a several
emergency management courses, such as Fundamentals of Emergency
Management and Strategic Planning.
Contact: Hampton University; College of Continuing Education\
Hampton University\
P.O. Box 6162\
Hampton, Virginia 23668\
Phone: (757) 727-5773\
Fax: (757) 727-5949\
Email: <continuinged@hamptonu.edu>
**Additional Information:**\
\
Additional Phone:
*Updated:*
| en |
converted_docs | 020325 | <table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 22%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Item</strong></td>
<td><p><strong>Serving</strong></p>
<p><strong>Size</strong></p></td>
<td><strong>Calories</strong></td>
<td><p><strong>Total</strong></p>
<p><strong>Fat</strong></p>
<p><strong>(gm)</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>Saturated</strong></p>
<p><strong>Fat</strong></p>
<p><strong>(gm)</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>Calories</strong></p>
<p><strong>From Fat</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>Fat</strong></p>
<p><strong>Trans</strong></p>
<p><strong>(gm)</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>Cholesterol</strong></p>
<p><strong>(mg)</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>Sodium</strong></p>
<p><strong>(mg)</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>Total</strong></p>
<p><strong>Carbs</strong></p>
<p><strong>(gm)</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>Protein</strong></p>
<p><strong>(gm)</strong></p></td>
<td><p>Dietary</p>
<p>Fiber</p>
<p>(gm)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Acorn Squash w/Apple-Nut Stuffing</strong></td>
<td><strong>1 each</strong></td>
<td><strong>107</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>14</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>8</strong></td>
<td><strong>24</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Almond Broccoli</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>51</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>15</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>203</strong></td>
<td><strong>7</strong></td>
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Baby Carrots</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>43</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>5</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>76</strong></td>
<td><strong>9</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Baked Beans Quintet</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>218</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>26</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>8</strong></td>
<td><strong>607</strong></td>
<td><strong>41</strong></td>
<td><strong>9</strong></td>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Black Beans</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>140</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>26</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>6</strong></td>
<td><strong>140</strong></td>
<td><strong>20</strong></td>
<td><strong>9</strong></td>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Black Beans Vege Style</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>122</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>15</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>173</strong></td>
<td><strong>21</strong></td>
<td><strong>7</strong></td>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Black Eyed Peas (VCS)</strong></td>
<td><strong>4 oz</strong></td>
<td><strong>78</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>14</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>9</strong></td>
<td><strong>428</strong></td>
<td><strong>11</strong></td>
<td><strong>5</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Broccoli Au Gratin</strong></td>
<td><strong>4 oz</strong></td>
<td><strong>73</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>28</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
<td><strong>310</strong></td>
<td><strong>9</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Broccoli Bake</strong></td>
<td><strong>4 oz</strong></td>
<td><strong>59</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>18</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>216</strong></td>
<td><strong>8</strong></td>
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Broccoli, Seasoned</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>27</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>12</strong></td>
<td><strong>5</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Broccoli, Steamed</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>25</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>10</strong></td>
<td><strong>5</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Brussels Sprouts, Steamed</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>46</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>16</strong></td>
<td><strong>9</strong></td>
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Cabbage</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>29</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>25</strong></td>
<td><strong>6</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Cabbage Casserole</strong></td>
<td><strong>1 cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>220</strong></td>
<td><strong>16</strong></td>
<td><strong>5</strong></td>
<td><strong>139</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>20</strong></td>
<td><strong>347</strong></td>
<td><strong>14</strong></td>
<td><strong>7</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Carrots Au Gratin</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>251</strong></td>
<td><strong>9</strong></td>
<td><strong>5</strong></td>
<td><strong>78</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>24</strong></td>
<td><strong>463</strong></td>
<td><strong>32</strong></td>
<td><strong>11</strong></td>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Cauliflower and Broccoli Mix</strong></td>
<td><strong>4 oz</strong></td>
<td><strong>15</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>151</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Cauliflower Parmesan</strong></td>
<td><strong>4 oz</strong></td>
<td><strong>60</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>20</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>16</strong></td>
<td><strong>200</strong></td>
<td><strong>7</strong></td>
<td><strong>5</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Cauliflower with Herb Butter</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>33</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>38</strong></td>
<td><strong>6</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Cauliflower, Steamed</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>17</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>16</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Cheesy Green Beans</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>167</strong></td>
<td><strong>10</strong></td>
<td><strong>5</strong></td>
<td><strong>85</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>27</strong></td>
<td><strong>580</strong></td>
<td><strong>14</strong></td>
<td><strong>8</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Citrus Asparagus</strong></td>
<td><strong>3 oz</strong></td>
<td><strong>38</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>8</strong></td>
<td><strong>8</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Collard Greens with Smoked Turkey Bacon</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>42</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>17</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>6</strong></td>
<td><strong>251</strong></td>
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Corn O’Brien</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>102</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>8</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>101</strong></td>
<td><strong>24</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Corn Pudding</strong></td>
<td><strong>4 oz</strong></td>
<td><strong>155</strong></td>
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>29</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>71</strong></td>
<td><strong>510</strong></td>
<td><strong>27</strong></td>
<td><strong>6</strong></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Creamed Spinach</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>59</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>11</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td><strong>248</strong></td>
<td><strong>8</strong></td>
<td><strong>5</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Dilled Carrots</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>40</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>13</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>158</strong></td>
<td><strong>7</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Eggplant Parmigiana</strong></td>
<td><strong>10 oz</strong></td>
<td><strong>157</strong></td>
<td><strong>5</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>42</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>11</strong></td>
<td><strong>309</strong></td>
<td><strong>29</strong></td>
<td><strong>10</strong></td>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Festive Cauliflower</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>120</strong></td>
<td><strong>8</strong></td>
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
<td><strong>69</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>17</strong></td>
<td><strong>115</strong></td>
<td><strong>7</strong></td>
<td><strong>6</strong></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Fiesta Cauliflower w/Roasted Corn</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>37</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>18</strong></td>
<td><strong>8</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Glazed Carrots</td>
<td>½ cup</td>
<td>55</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>51</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 22%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Item</strong></td>
<td><strong>Serving Size</strong></td>
<td><strong>Calories</strong></td>
<td><p><strong>Total</strong></p>
<p><strong>Fat</strong></p>
<p><strong>(gm)</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>Saturated</strong></p>
<p><strong>Fat</strong></p>
<p><strong>(gm)</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>Calories</strong></p>
<p><strong>From Fat</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>Fat</strong></p>
<p><strong>Trans</strong></p>
<p><strong>(gm)</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>Cholesterol</strong></p>
<p><strong>(mg)</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>Sodium</strong></p>
<p><strong>(mg)</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>Total</strong></p>
<p><strong>Carbs</strong></p>
<p><strong>(gm)</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>Protein</strong></p>
<p><strong>(gm)</strong></p></td>
<td><p>Dietary</p>
<p>Fiber</p>
<p>(gm)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Greek Spinach</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>135</strong></td>
<td><strong>7</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>65</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>71</strong></td>
<td><strong>16</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Green Bean Casserole</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>95</strong></td>
<td><strong>5</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>43</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
<td><strong>252</strong></td>
<td><strong>11</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Green Beans</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>34</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>150</strong></td>
<td><strong>7</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Green Beans Almondine</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>56</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>16</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>195</strong></td>
<td><strong>9</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Green Beans w/Sesame Seeds</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>46</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>15</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>199</strong></td>
<td><strong>8</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Green Beans w/Carmelized Onions</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>66</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>16</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
<td><strong>12</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Green Beans w/Sunflower Seeds</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>61</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>24</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>397</strong></td>
<td><strong>8</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Green Peas</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>80</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>7</strong></td>
<td><strong>14</strong></td>
<td><strong>5</strong></td>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Herbed Green Beans</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>47</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>11</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td><strong>9</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Honey Braised Cabbage</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>121</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>151</strong></td>
<td><strong>31</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Honey-Kissed Carrots</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>71</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>45</strong></td>
<td><strong>17</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Hot Spiced Beets</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>95</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>190</strong></td>
<td><strong>23</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Italian Green Beans w/Tomatoes</strong></td>
<td><strong>3 oz</strong></td>
<td><strong>39</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>88</strong></td>
<td><strong>9</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Italian Green Beans, Steamed</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>30</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td><strong>7</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Jade Broccoli</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>47</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>22</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>97</strong></td>
<td><strong>5</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Lemon Parsley Carrots</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>38</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>206</strong></td>
<td><strong>8</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Lyonnaise Green Beans</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>72</strong></td>
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>38</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>145</strong></td>
<td><strong>8</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Mixed Vegetables</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>60</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>186</strong></td>
<td><strong>12</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Navy Beans</strong></td>
<td><strong>4 oz</strong></td>
<td><strong>212</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>20</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>9</strong></td>
<td><strong>429</strong></td>
<td><strong>33</strong></td>
<td><strong>16</strong></td>
<td>13</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Peas and Carrots</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>51</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>75</strong></td>
<td><strong>10</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Peas and Mushrooms</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>84</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>100</strong></td>
<td><strong>15</strong></td>
<td><strong>6</strong></td>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Peas with Red Peppers</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>92</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td><strong>17</strong></td>
<td><strong>6</strong></td>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Pinto Beans</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>115</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>13</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>255</strong></td>
<td><strong>20</strong></td>
<td><strong>6</strong></td>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Praline Butternut Squash</strong></td>
<td><strong>3 oz</strong></td>
<td><strong>83</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>7</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>82</strong></td>
<td><strong>20</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Ratatouille</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>128</strong></td>
<td><strong>8</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>73</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>7</strong></td>
<td><strong>176</strong></td>
<td><strong>11</strong></td>
<td><strong>5</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Red and Green Cabbage</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>29</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>75</strong></td>
<td><strong>6</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Red Beans, New Orleans Style</strong></td>
<td><strong>4 oz</strong></td>
<td><strong>221</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>27</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>9</strong></td>
<td><strong>323</strong></td>
<td><strong>34</strong></td>
<td><strong>16</strong></td>
<td>14</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Roasted Butternut Squash & Onions</strong></td>
<td><strong>3 oz</strong></td>
<td><strong>93</strong></td>
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>34</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>187</strong></td>
<td><strong>13</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Roasted Vegetables</strong></td>
<td><strong>4 oz</strong></td>
<td><strong>96</strong></td>
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>36</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>145</strong></td>
<td><strong>14</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Roasted Winter Vegetables</td>
<td>½ cup</td>
<td>283</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>273</td>
<td>54</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>12</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 22%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Item</strong></td>
<td><strong>Serving Size</strong></td>
<td><strong>Calories</strong></td>
<td><p><strong>Total</strong></p>
<p><strong>Fat</strong></p>
<p><strong>(gm)</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>Saturated</strong></p>
<p><strong>Fat</strong></p>
<p><strong>(gm)</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>Calories</strong></p>
<p><strong>From Fat</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>Fat</strong></p>
<p><strong>Trans</strong></p>
<p><strong>(gm)</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>Cholesterol</strong></p>
<p><strong>(mg)</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>Sodium</strong></p>
<p><strong>(mg)</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>Total</strong></p>
<p><strong>Carbs</strong></p>
<p><strong>(gm)</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>Protein</strong></p>
<p><strong>(gm)</strong></p></td>
<td><p>Dietary</p>
<p>Fiber</p>
<p>(gm)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Sautéed Spinach</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>38</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>263</strong></td>
<td><strong>6</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Sautéed Vegetables</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>87</strong></td>
<td><strong>7</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>63</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>162</strong></td>
<td><strong>6</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Scalloped Corn Supreme</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>197</strong></td>
<td><strong>5</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>47</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>48</strong></td>
<td><strong>773</strong></td>
<td><strong>32</strong></td>
<td><strong>8</strong></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Seasoned Corn</strong></td>
<td><strong>4 oz</strong></td>
<td><strong>62</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>5</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>181</strong></td>
<td><strong>14</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Seasoned Spinach</strong></td>
<td><strong>4 oz</strong></td>
<td><strong>62</strong></td>
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>32</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>200</strong></td>
<td><strong>6</strong></td>
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Southern Style Greens</strong></td>
<td><strong>4 oz</strong></td>
<td><strong>45</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>13</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td><strong>72</strong></td>
<td><strong>6</strong></td>
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Spicy Hot Black-Eyed Peas</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>168</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>29</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>8</strong></td>
<td><strong>289</strong></td>
<td><strong>26</strong></td>
<td><strong>10</strong></td>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Spinach Au Gratin</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>100</strong></td>
<td><strong>5</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>43</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>11</strong></td>
<td><strong>246</strong></td>
<td><strong>9</strong></td>
<td><strong>7</strong></td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Spinach Parmesan</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>154</strong></td>
<td><strong>7</strong></td>
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
<td><strong>58</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>17</strong></td>
<td><strong>379</strong></td>
<td><strong>15</strong></td>
<td><strong>10</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Squash Casserole</strong></td>
<td><strong>4 oz</strong></td>
<td><strong>233</strong></td>
<td><strong>9</strong></td>
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
<td><strong>78</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>13</strong></td>
<td><strong>875</strong></td>
<td><strong>34</strong></td>
<td><strong>6</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Stewed Tomatoes</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>72</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>20</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>392</strong></td>
<td><strong>13</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Stir Fried Broccoli</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>45</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>19</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>86</strong></td>
<td><strong>5</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Stuffed Acorn Squash w/Black Beans</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>152</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>9</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>347</strong></td>
<td><strong>34</strong></td>
<td><strong>5</strong></td>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Sugar Snaps and Peppers</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>86</strong></td>
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>32</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>153</strong></td>
<td><strong>11</strong></td>
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Tomatoes Stuffed w/Rice and Vegetables</strong></td>
<td><strong>1 each</strong></td>
<td><strong>117</strong></td>
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>35</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td><strong>225</strong></td>
<td><strong>17</strong></td>
<td><strong>6</strong></td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Turnip Greens</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>22</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>107</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Whipped Butternut Squash</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>98</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>32</strong></td>
<td><strong>24</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Yellow Squash with Onion</strong></td>
<td><strong>4 oz</strong></td>
<td><strong>74</strong></td>
<td><strong>5</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>38</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>102</strong></td>
<td><strong>9</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Yellow Squash with Tomatoes</strong></td>
<td><strong>4 oz</strong></td>
<td><strong>43</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>11</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>152</strong></td>
<td><strong>8</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Zucchini and Tomatoes</strong></td>
<td><strong>4 oz</strong></td>
<td><strong>41</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>11</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>150</strong></td>
<td><strong>8</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Zucchini Medley</strong></td>
<td><strong>½ cup</strong></td>
<td><strong>23</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>100</strong></td>
<td><strong>5</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
| en |
converted_docs | 510300 | **Before the**
**Federal Communications Commission**
**Washington, D.C. 20554**
+----------------------------------+----+------------------------------+
| In the Matter of | * | |
| | *) | |
| BIG SKY WIRELESS PARTNERSHIP | ** | |
| | | |
| Request for Waiver and | * | |
| Reinstatement of Broadband Radio | *) | |
| Service Authorization for the | ** | |
| Butte, Montana Basic Trading | | |
| Area, MDB064 | * | |
| | *) | |
| | ** | |
| | | |
| | * | |
| | *) | |
| | ** | |
| | | |
| | * | |
| | *) | |
| | ** | |
| | | |
| | * | |
| | *) | |
| | ** | |
| | | |
| | * | |
| | *) | |
| | ** | |
+----------------------------------+----+------------------------------+
**ORDER**
**Adopted: September 11, 2006 Released: September 11, 2006**
By the Deputy Bureau Chief, Wireless Telecommunications Bureau:
# introduction
1. In this Order, we grant Big Sky Wireless Partnership ("Big Sky") a
*nunc pro tunc* waiver of section 1.2110(g)(4)(iv) of the
Commission's rules with respect to automatic cancellation of a
Broadband Radio Service ("BRS")[^1] license for the Butte, Montana
Basic Trading Area ("BTA").[^2] As explained below, Big Sky was
paying for the subject license through the Commission's installment
payment loan program. When the Commission did not receive Big Sky's
installment payment as required by section 1.2110(g)(4)(iv) of the
Commission's rules, Big Sky was in default, the license
automatically cancelled, and Big Sky was subject to debt collection
procedures.[^3] Big Sky now seeks relief from the automatic
cancellation provision of section 1.2110(g)(4)(iv).[^4]
2. Examining the totality of the circumstances of the instant matter,
we conclude that Big Sky has met the Commission's standard for
waiver with respect to the automatic cancellation provision of
section 1.2110(g)(4)(iv) of the Commission's rules. Specifically, we
find that the underlying purposes of the automatic cancellation rule
would not be served by application to the instant case in light of
the particular error that Big Sky committed in making electronic
payment through the Auction Installment Payment ("AIP") program, Big
Sky's overall history of payments for the license in question, the
public interest benefit in preserving the prior assignment of
license, and the condition under section 1.2110(g)(4) and the terms
of this Order, which require Big Sky to fully and timely perform its
remaining obligations no later than October 12, 2006.[^5]
3. While we find waiver of the automatic cancellation provision
appropriate in these circumstances, we note that Big Sky has not
sought, and we do not grant, waiver of Big Sky's default or the
Commission's debt collection. In this regard, we conclude that it
does not serve the public interest to waive the default and debt
collection provisions of section 1.2110(g)(4)(iv) because doing so
would subject the licenses to prolonged risk of recurrent automatic
cancellation.[^6] In order to provide Big Sky with a reasonable
amount of time to perform its obligations, and thereby satisfy the
condition on the licenses, we grant Big Sky thirty-one (31) days
from the date of this Order, i.e., until October 12, 2006, to render
payment in full pursuant to section 1.2110(g)(4).[^7]
# background
4. When the Commission established the licensing and service rules for
BRS, it provided an option to those entities that qualified as small
businesses to pay for licenses won at auction in installments over
the initial ten-year license term.[^8] The auction for BTA licenses
in BRS (Auction No. 6) began on November 13, 1995, and when it
concluded on March 28, 1996, Big Sky was the winning bidder on the
Butte, Montana BTA.[^9] Big Sky qualified for the installment
payment option and elected to pay for the license under that
arrangement.[^10] The Commission, therefore, granted Big Sky a BRS
license for the Butte, Montana BTA on the condition that Big Sky
would timely meet its payment obligations under the installment
payment program.[^11]
5. Pursuant to the Commission's rules, a licensee participating in the
installment payment program has additional time beyond the initial
payment deadline to make an installment payment provided the
licensee meets certain requirements.[^12] Under the current rules,
which were in effect in the period in question, a licensee may make
a payment on or before the last day of the quarter following its
payment deadline without being in default (i.e., the "first
additional quarter") so long as it also pays a late payment fee
equal to five percent of the amount of its past due installment
payment.[^13] Moreover, if a licensee fails to make its required
installment payment on or before the last day of the first
additional quarter, it may still make its required installment
payment on or before the last day of the second quarter following
its payment deadline without being in default (i.e., the "second
additional quarter") so long as it also pays an additional late
payment fee of ten percent of the amount of the past due required
installment payment.[^14] If a licensee obligated to make
installment payments fails to pay the total required installment
payment and any late payment fees associated with that payment
within two quarters of the installment due date (i.e., after the
second additional quarter), it shall be in default, its license
shall automatically cancel, and it will be subject to debt
collection procedures.[^15] In addition, failure to fully and timely
perform payment obligations under the installment plan breaches a
condition on the licenses, subjecting them to cancellation.[^16]
6. In conjunction with the installment payment program, the Commission
and Mellon Bank (the financial institution responsible for
processing installment payments owed to the Commission) offered
licensees the option of participating in AIP, a program designed, at
least in part, to facilitate and expedite installment payments. As
stated in its promotional literature, the AIP program was
established in an effort to help licensees avoid delays in making
installment payments.[^17] Under the AIP program, a licensee
provides certain financial information to the Commission and Mellon
Bank thereby allowing it or its representative to call Mellon Bank
and authorize the initiation of a payment from the licensee's
designated account. The licensee (or its representative) can specify
the date that Mellon Bank processes the licensee's payment to the
Commission, but the procedures established for the AIP program
specifically state that the earliest the licensee's installment
payment account with the Commission will be credited is the business
day following the telephone authorization.[^18]
7. For nearly five years, from November 1996 until August 2001, Big Sky
made installment payments on the license in question consistent with
the Commission's rules. During this period, Big Sky, on several
occasions, took advantage of the grace periods allowed by the
Commission, but in each case, made its installment payments, along
with any corresponding late fees, before the end of the second
additional quarter. A problem arose, however, with regard to the
installment payments due in August 2001. Pursuant to section
1.2110(g)(4), Big Sky had until February 28, 2002, to pay the August
2001 installment payment without defaulting, so long as it also paid
the combined late fees (i.e., the five percent late fee for the
first additional quarter and the ten percent late fee from the
second additional quarter). On February 28, 2002, a representative
from Big Sky called Mellon Bank to authorize the transfer of funds,
pursuant to its enrollment in the AIP program, to pay for the August
2001 installment and the associated late fees.[^19] As per custom,
the Mellon Bank representative provided a confirmation number to Big
Sky's representative for the transfer of funds. Consistent with AIP
procedures, however, the Commission's account for Big Sky's
installment payments was credited on the business day following the
telephone authorization, which, in this case, was March 1, 2002. The
deadline for making a late payment in the second additional quarter
for the August 2001 installments was February 28, 2002. Because Big
Sky failed to make its required installment payment for the license
in question by end of the second additional quarter, it went into
default, the license automatically cancelled, and it became subject
to the debt collection procedures.[^20] Shortly thereafter, Big Sky
filed several pleadings related to the default, including a request
for waiver of the automatic cancellation provision of section
1.2110(g)(4)(iv).[^21] During the pendency of its waiver request,
Big Sky has continued to make regular payments on its debt to the
Commission.[^22]
# discussion
8. Big Sky requests a waiver of section 1.2110(g)(4)(iv), the provision
of the Commission's rules which holds that a licensee that fails to
make its installment payment, interest, and any late fees by the end
of the second additional quarter will be in default, its license
will automatically cancel and it will be subject to debt collection
procedures.[^23] We note that Big Sky does not dispute that the
facts set forth in its pleadings constitute automatic cancellation
under the Commission's rules. Rather, Big Sky argues that the rule
should not be applied in its particular circumstances, and it
therefore seeks relief solely from the provision of section
1.2110(g)(4)(iv) that resulted in the March 1, 2002, automatic
cancellation of the subject license.[^24]
9. As a general matter, to obtain a waiver, a party must show either
that: (i) the underlying purpose of the applicable rule would not be
served, or would be frustrated by its application to the instant
case, and a grant of the requested waiver would be in the public
interest; or (ii) the unique facts and circumstances of the
particular case render application of the rule inequitable, unduly
burdensome or otherwise contrary to the public interest, or the
applicant has no reasonable alternative.[^25]
10. The Commission created section 1.2110(g)(4) to provide licensees a
degree of flexibility while, at the same time, to protect the
integrity of the Commission's assignment of licenses based on
winning bids in an auction and to help ensure that licensees have
access to the capital necessary to both pay for the license and
provide service to the public.[^26] The Commission has repeatedly
emphasized the importance of full and timely payment.[^27] As the
Commission has noted:
Insisting that licensees demonstrate their ability to pay as a
condition to continuing to hold licenses is essential to a fair and
efficient licensing process, is fair to all participants in our
auctions, including those who won and those who did not, and fosters
the promotion of economic opportunity and competition in the
marketplace. When licensees fail to pay winning bids, or the
principal and related interest when paying winning bids in
installments, on a timely basis in compliance with the Commission\'s
rules, the presumption that the auction assigned the license to the
party that placed the highest value on the license is lost.[^28]
Absent that presumption, the integrity of the Commission\'s
licensing process may be compromised.
11. Based on a totality of the circumstances, we conclude that Big Sky
has satisfied the Commission's standard for waiver with respect to
the automatic cancellation provision of section 1.2110(g)(4)(iv) of
the Commission's rules. First, Big Sky's participation in the AIP
program provides important evidence of its intent to render timely
installment payments in compliance with the Commission's payment
rules.[^29] Second, notwithstanding its failure to timely make one
installment payment, Big Sky specifically states that it "can and
will pay for the outstanding debt associated with the License."[^30]
Third, the circumstances that led to the automatic cancellation of
the licenses do not tend to reflect an inability on Big Sky's part
to make payment for the license.[^31] Big Sky initiated the payment
in question through the Commission's AIP program on the last day of
the second additional quarter, in advance of the payment deadline.
On a number of previous occasions, Big Sky submitted payment through
the Commission's AIP program on the last business day of the second
additional quarter, but, because the payment deadline fell either on
a weekend or holiday, its payment reached the Commission in a timely
fashion.[^32] It appears that these fortuitous circumstances in
making payments in this manner in the past as well as Big Sky's
general misunderstanding of its ability to rely on confirmation
numbers from Mellon Bank, resulted in its belief, albeit mistaken,
that it had rendered timely payment in this instance.[^33] Such an
error in tendering payment does not suggest an inability to pay for
the licenses.
12. Other factors in the instant case diminish concern over Big Sky's
ability to pay for the licenses in question. As noted, in total, Big
Sky has made payments to the Commission for over nine years,
including making regular payments on its debt while its request for
waiver has been pending.[^34] Moreover, Big Sky's financial
institution has confirmed that it "had sufficient funds on hand to
make the payment initiated on February 28, 2002."[^35] These factors
further mitigate the concern that Big Sky may not have the capital
necessary to both pay for the license and provide service to the
public.[^36]
13. Demonstrating ability to pay in compliance with the Commission's
installment payment rules, however, does not satisfy all the
purposes underlying the automatic cancellation rule. As noted above,
automatic cancellation of licenses when a licensee fails to comply
with the installment payment rules also safeguards the integrity of
the Commission's competitive bidding process. In addition to ability
to pay, a licensee's willingness to fulfill all of its obligations
created by the winning bid helps ensure that the license was
assigned to the party that valued it most highly. Indeed, pursuant
to section 1.2110(g)(4), the very existence of the license is
conditioned upon the licensee's full and timely performance of its
payment obligations under the installment plan.[^37] Absent the
licensee's compliance with the Commission's installment payment
rules, there is inevitably uncertainty regarding whether the license
should have been assigned to another party. The existence of
uncertainty, of course, does not prove that the license should have
been assigned to another party. Nevertheless, a licensee's failure
to comply with the Commission's installment payment rules calls into
question whether the licensee's winning bid actually demonstrated
that it valued the license more highly than other applicants or
simply demonstrated its willingness to outbid other applicants
regardless of its ability to pay on equal terms. While the extent of
this doubt may be minimal given the particular error Big Sky made in
tendering payment, we can not easily dismiss the concern that
another applicant who would have complied with all the Commission's
rules should have been assigned the license.
14. In this case, however, we conclude that automatic cancellation is
not necessary to protect against lingering doubts regarding the
integrity of the initial license assignment given the totality of
the circumstances in Big Sky's participation in the AIP program, its
payment history and the continuing condition on the licenses that
Big Sky must fully and timely perform its current payment
obligations. The automatic cancellation of the licenses resulted
from a single AIP related payment error by Big Sky that does not
appear to reflect an inability or unwillingness on its part to
comply with the Commission's rules. Moreover, Big Sky's payment
history, including payments rendered during the pendency of its
waiver request, reflect a longstanding willingness and ability to
satisfy the payment obligations created by the winning bids for the
licenses. Finally, pursuant to section 1.2110(g)(4) and the terms of
this Order, Big Sky's licenses remain subject to the condition that
it comply with its obligations, which pursuant to the notes and
security agreements, as well as the Commission's debt collection
procedures, require it to pay the entire outstanding amount.[^38]
Big Sky has specifically stated that it "can and will pay for the
outstanding debt associated with the License."[^39] While strict
enforcement of the Commission's installment payment rules furthers
the policies behind creating the rules, and while the payment rules
are strictly enforced in all but the most unusual circumstances, we
have permitted waiver in extremely narrow circumstances where it
appeared that the underlying purposes of the rules would not be
served by their enforcement, and where cancellation seemed
inequitable in those circumstances.[^40] Accordingly, given the
totality of the circumstances, we conclude that the underlying
purpose of the automatic cancellation provision would not be served
by its application to the present circumstances.
15. As stated in recent decisions, "\[a\]ny one of the circumstances
described above would not suffice to meet the Commission's waiver
standard."[^41] Yet, when taken together, we find that automatic
cancellation of the license in this case would not serve the
underlying purposes of the Commission's payment rules. For these
reasons, we conclude that automatic cancellation of the license is
not necessary to serve the underlying purposes of the payment rule
to either preserve the integrity of the auction and licensing
process or to ensure Big Sky's financial qualifications to be a
Commission licensee.
16. Equally important, we find that the public interest will be served
by granting the foregoing relief. Given the totality of the facts,
we find the present circumstances distinguishable from those cases
in which we have denied waiver of the automatic cancellation rule
for late payment despite a debtor's assurance of a future ability to
pay debt. For instance, there have been several cases where a
licensee has requested a waiver in order to assign the license to an
entity that can pay the Commission in full. Assignment to a
different party cannot protect against any lingering uncertainties
about the initial assignment of the licenses and cannot safeguard
the integrity of the Commission's licensing and auction
process.[^42] In contrast, Big Sky's error in tendering payment
through the AIP program and the payment in full, in accordance with
the terms of its notes, security agreements and the terms of this
Order,[^43] diminishes the possibility that Big Sky's noncompliance
reflects an erroneous initial license assignment and protects
general auction or licensing integrity. Moreover, Big Sky's
circumstances are distinguishable from those cases where installment
payments were initiated only after the final grace period deadline
had lapsed.[^44] Contrary to such cases, and as explained fully
above, Big Sky's failure to successfully render installment payments
through the AIP program is not reflective of whether it had the
necessary financial qualifications to be a Commission licensee and
does not cast doubt upon the license assignment. Thus, unlike cases
where we have denied relief from section 1.2110(g)(4)(iv), we
believe that automatic cancellation of this BRS license is not
required to protect the integrity of the auction and licensing
process. Furthermore, based on all the facts before us, we believe
that the public will benefit by eliminating the possibility of
disruption to the Commission's prior assignment of this BRS license.
Under these particular circumstances, where the question of the
licensee's financial qualifications will be eliminated by full
payment of the obligation, the benefit of preserving the license
assignment outweighs any public benefit gained by the automatic
cancellation of a license.
17. While we find that waiver of the automatic cancellation provision of
section 1.2110(g)(4)(iv) is warranted in the instant case, we note
that the relief granted herein does not alter Big Sky's default
under the terms of the applicable notes and security agreements.
Accordingly, in order to satisfy the condition on the licenses
created by section 1.2110(g)(4), Big Sky must satisfy its default
obligations pursuant to the notes and security agreements, as well
as the Commission's debt collection procedures, in order to continue
to hold the licenses. In light of our decision to grant Big Sky the
relief described herein, we grant Big Sky until October 12, 2006, to
make the payments required by the conditions on the licenses.
Failure to render the full payments no later than October 12, 2006,
will result in cancellation of the licenses for failure to comply
with the condition on the licenses established by section
1.2110(g)(4).[^45]
# conclusion
18. Big Sky's BRS license for the Butte, Montana BTA automatically
cancelled when it failed to pay its installment payment by the
deadline of the second additional period. Given the totality of the
circumstances, however, we find that the public interest is best
served by a *nunc pro tunc* waiver of the automatic cancellation of
the licenses and a waiver of any cancellation resulting from the
prior breach of Big Sky's obligation to fully and timely perform its
payment obligations pursuant to section 1.2110(g)(4). As described
fully above, Big Sky, however, remains subject to the condition
placed on the licenses by section 1.2110(g)(4), the default
provisions of the installment notes and security agreements, as well
as the Commission's debt collection procedures, and therefore, must
render full payment no later than October 12, 2006. If Big Sky fails
to make full payment for the license, that license will cancel
pursuant to the terms of this Order and the condition placed on the
license by section 1.2110(g)(4) of the Commission's rules, and Big
Sky will remain subject to the Commission's debt collection
procedures.
# ORDERING CLAUSES
19. Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED that, pursuant to the authority granted
in Sections 4(i) and 309(j) of the Communications Act of 1934, as
amended, 47 U.S.C. §§ 154(i), 309(j), and sections 1.3 and 1.925 of
the Commission's rules, 47 C.F.R. §§ 1.3, 1.925, Big Sky is GRANTED,
to the extent described herein, a *nunc pro tunc* waiver of the
automatic cancellation provision of section 1.2110(g)(4)(iv), 47
C.F.R. § 1.2110(g)(4)(iv), for its BRS license for the Butte,
Montana BTA.
20. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that, pursuant to the authority granted in
Section 4(i) of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, 47
U.S.C. § 154(i), and section 1.2110(g)(4) of the Commission's rules,
47 C.F.R. § 1.2110(g)(4), Big Sky must render full payment of any
and all outstanding installment debt connected to its BRS license
for the Butte, Montana BTA no later than October 12, 2006. In the
event Big Sky fails to comply with the condition of full and timely
payment of its default obligations required by section 1.2110(g)(4),
47 C.F.R. § 1.2110(g)(4), pursuant to the terms of this Order, the
applicable notes and security agreements, and the Commission's debt
collection procedures, the applicable licenses will cancel.
21. This action is taken under delegated authority pursuant to sections
0.131 and 0.331 of the Commission's rules, 47 C.F.R. §§ 0.131,
0.331.
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
> James D. Schlichting
>
> Deputy Chief
>
> Wireless Telecommunications Bureau
[^1]: On July 29, 2004, the Commission released a *Report and Order and
Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking *that modified the rules
governing the Multipoint Distribution Service ("MDS") in order to
encourage the deployment of broadband services by commercial and
educational entities. Amendment of Parts 1, 21, 73, 74 and 101 of
the Commission's Rules to Facilitate the Provision of Fixed and
Mobile Broadband Access, Educational and Other Advanced Services in
the 2150-2162 and 2500-2690 MHz Bands, *et al.*; WT Docket Nos.
03-66, *et al.*, *Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking*, 19 FCC Rcd 14165 (2004). To better reflect the
forward-looking vision for these services, the Commission renamed
MDS as BRS. Because the new rules are now in effect, we will refer
to the service by its new name.
[^2]: This Order responds to the Motion for Leave to File a Supplement
to Petition for Reconsideration ("Motion for Leave") and the
Supplement to Petition for Reconsideration, or in the Alternative,
Petition for Reinstatement ("Supplement") (both filed by Big Sky on
October 10, 2003) and the Further Supplement to Petition for
Reconsideration, or in the Alternative, Petition for Reinstatement
("Further Supplement") (filed by Big Sky on April 18, 2006).
[^3]: 47 C.F.R. § 1.2110(g)(4)(iv).
[^4]: *Id*. Insofar as we are addressing Big Sky's request for waiver of
section 1.2110(g)(4)(iv) affirmatively, its petition for
reconsideration and its request for reinstatement are moot. We note
that Big Sky's BTA authorization expired by its original terms on
March 28, 2006. Because the authorization was considered cancelled,
Big Sky was not able to utilize the Commission's Universal Licensing
System to apply for renewal of the BTA authorization within the time
frame required under Section 1.949(a) of the Commission's Rules.
Once the BTA authorization is restored on the Universal Licensing
System, Big Sky will be required to apply for renewal of the
authorization. We therefore direct Big Sky to file an application
for renewal of license for the BTA authorization (call sign B064)
within sixty days of the release of this Order. On our own motion,
we waive Section 1.949(a) of the Commission's Rules to allow
consideration of the late-filed renewal application. The renewal
application must be accompanied by request for waiver of Section
1.949(a). Such waiver request may refer to the waiver grant
contained in this Order without further argument.
[^5]: 47 C.F.R. § 1.2110(g)(4). For these same reasons and to the extent
necessary, the public interest further mandates that we waive any
cancellation that may have resulted from any existing breach of the
licensing condition in section 1.2110(g)(4). *Id*. In a prior Order
granting similar relief, we allowed the petitioner thirty-one (31)
days from the date of the Order to render payment in full. *See*
Advanced Communications Solutions, Inc. Request for Waiver of
Section 1.2110(g)(4)(iv) and Reinstatement of 900 MHz Specialized
Mobile Radio Licenses, Order, 21 FCC Rcd 1627, 1628 ¶ 2 (2006)
("*Advanced Order*").
[^6]: 47 C.F.R. § 1.2110(g)(4)(iv).
[^7]: 47 C.F.R. § 1.2110(g)(4).
[^8]: *See* 47 C.F.R. § 21.960(c) (1996). In 1997, the Commission
determined that installment payments will not be used in the
immediate future as a means of financing small business
participation in its auction program. *See* Amendment of Part 1 of
the Commission's Rules -- Competitive Bidding, Allocation of
Spectrum Below 5 GHz Transferred from Federal Government Use,
4660-4685 MHz, WT Docket No. 97-82, ET Docket No. 94-32, *Third
Report and Order and Second Further Notice of Proposed Rule Making*,
13 FCC Rcd 374, 397 ¶ 38 (1997) ("*Part 1 Third Report and Order*").
[^9]: Supplement at 2; Further Supplement at 2.
[^10]: *Id*.
[^11]: *See* Implementation of Section 309(j) of the Communications Act
-- Competitive Bidding, PP Docket No. 93-253, *Second Report and
Order*, 9 FCC Rcd 2348, 2391 ¶ 240 (1994) ("*Competitive Bidding
Second Report and Order*").
[^12]: *Competitive Bidding Second Report and Order* at 2391 ¶ 240.
Initially, licensees were required to request this additional time
period. *Id*. The Commission, however, eventually instituted an
automatic grace period. *See Part 1 Third Report and Order* at 436
¶106.
[^13]: *See id*. *See* 47 C.F.R. § 1.2110(g)(4)(i).
[^14]: *See Part 1 Third Report and Order* at 436 ¶106. *See also* 47
C.F.R. § 1.2110(g)(4)(ii).
[^15]: *See Part 1 Third Report and Order* at 438 ¶107. *See* *also* 47
C.F.R. § 1.2110(g)(4)(iv).
[^16]: 47 C.F.R. § 1.2110(g)(4). At the time Big Sky's licenses were
originally granted, this language was codified at section
1.2110(e)(4). *See* 47 C.F.R. § 1.2110(e)(4)(1995).
[^17]: *See generally* AIP brochure.
[^18]: The brochure that accompanied the set-up form for the AIP program
specifically states: "you simply call Mellon's toll-free telephone
number or input your payment via a computer terminal at least one
business day before your payment is due...." It also states that
"\[the licensee's\] bank account will be debited and your FCC
customer account will be credited the business day after you report
your payment information (if it is reported by 9:30 P.M. EST)."
[^19]: *See* Further Supplement at 3.
[^20]: Big Sky notes, and Commission's records confirm, that, on a
number of previous occasions, Big Sky contacted Mellon Bank on the
last business day of the quarter to authorize payment for its
installment obligations, but because the payment deadline fell on a
non-business day (i.e., either a weekend or a holiday) -- thus
extending the deadline to the following business day -- the payment
was considered timely. Further Supplement at n.18.
[^21]: *See* n. 2 *supra* (listing various pleadings).
[^22]: *See* Further Supplement at 1, 6.
[^23]: 47 C.F.R. § 1.2110(g)(4)(iv).
[^24]: *See* Further Supplement at 1.
[^25]: 47 C.F.R. § 1.925; *Northeast Cellular Telephone Co. v. FCC*, 897
F.2d 1164, 1166 (D.C. Cir. 1990); *Thomas Radio Co. v. FCC*, 716
F.2d 921 (D.C. Cir. 1983); *WAIT Radio v. FCC*, 418 F.2d 1153 (D.C.
Cir. 1969), aff'd, 459 F.2d 1203 (1972) *cert. denied*, 409 U.S.
1027, 93 S.Ct. 461 (1972).
[^26]: Amendment of the Commission's Rules Regarding Installment Payment
Financing of Personal Communications (PCS) Licensees, WT Docket No.
97-82, *Order on Reconsideration of the Second Report and Order*, 13
FCC Rcd 8345, 8348 ¶ 8 (1998).
[^27]: *See, e.g.,* Licenses of 21^st^ Century Telesis, Inc. for
Facilities in the Broadband Personal Communications Services,
*Memorandum Opinion and Order*, 15 FCC Rcd 25113, 25117-18 ¶ 10
(2000) ("*21^st^ Century Order*"), *reconsideration denied*,
Licenses of 21^st^ Century Telesis Joint Venture, *Order on
Reconsideration*, 16 FCC Rcd 17257 (2001), *review denied in part,
dismissed in part*, *21^st^ Century Telesis Joint Venture* v.
*F.C.C.*, 318 F3d 192 (D.C. Cir. 2003). *See also* Southern
Communications Systems, Inc., Request for Limited Rule Waiver to
Comply with PCS Installment Payment for C Block Licenses in the
Cleveland, TN BTA, *Memorandum Opinion and Order*, 15 FCC Rcd 25103
(2000), further reconsideration denied, *Second Memorandum Opinion
and Order*, 16 FCC Rcd 18357 (2001); Wireless Telecommunications
Bureau Will Strictly Enforce Default Payment Rules; Bureau to
Re-Auction Licenses Quickly*, Public Notice*, 11 FCC Rcd 10853
(1996).
[^28]: Letter to David Irwin and Nathaniel Hardy, Counsel for MBO
Wireless, Inc., from Margaret Wiener, Chief, Auctions and Industry
Analysis Division, Wireless Telecommunications Bureau, 19 FCC Rcd
4011, 4016 (2004) ("*MBO Wireless Order*") (citing *21^st^ Century
Order*, 15 FCC Rcd at 25123-24 ¶ 22). In the *21^st^ Century Order*,
the Commission determined that a party that lacked the financial
wherewithal to make its installment payment by the deadline was not
entitled to a waiver to give it additional time to find the
requisite funds because grant of such a waiver would be unfair to
auction participants, and would undermine the integrity of the
auction and the Commission's rules. *21^st^ Century Order* at
25123-24 ¶ 22. In the instant matter, however, Big Sky took the
actions in advance of the payment deadline that it believed were
necessary to render timely payment, and the nature of its error does
not call into question whether it had the requisite funds to do so.
Therefore, our grant of a waiver in these circumstances is neither
unfair nor harmful to the integrity of the Commission's rules and
processes.
[^29]: *See* Leaco Rural Telephone Cooperative, Inc. Request for Waiver
and Reinstatement of Broadband Radio Service Authorization for the
Hobbs, New Mexico Basic Trading Area, MDB191, *Order*, 21 FCC Rcd
1182, 1186 ¶ 10 (2006) ("*Leaco Order*"); *Advanced* *Order*, 21 FCC
Rcd 1627, 1632 ¶ 11.
[^30]: Further Supplement at 6.
[^31]: Big Sky's financial institution confirmed that it "had sufficient
funds on hand to make the payment initiated on February 28, 2002."
*See* Attachment to Further Supplement (letter of Eileen Bradley,
Vice President, Bank of Kirksville, dated April 13, 2006).
[^32]: *See* n.20 *supra*.
[^33]: Further Supplement at 3.
[^34]: *Id*. at 1, 6.
[^35]: *See* Attachment to Further Supplement (letter of Eileen Bradley,
Vice President, Bank of Kirksville, dated April 13, 2006).
[^36]: *See Leaco Order* at 1186 ¶ 11 and n. 32, citing Amendment of the
Commission's Rules Regarding Installment Payment Financing of
Personal Communications Service (PCS) Licensees, WT Docket No.
97-82, *Order on Reconsideration of the Second Report and Order*, 13
FCC Rcd 8345, 8348-49 ¶ 8 (1998).
[^37]: 47 C.F.R. § 1.2110(g)(4).
[^38]: 47 C.F.R. § 1.2110(g)(4).
[^39]: Further Supplement at 6. Full and timely payment of the entire
outstanding debt would also diminish doubts regarding a licensee's
financial ability and willingness to pay for the licenses and
strongly indicate its intent and ability to provide service to the
public. *See* *Leaco Order* at 1187 ¶ 12.
[^40]: *See*, *e*.*g*., *MBO Wireless Order*; *Leaco Order*; *Advanced
Order*.
[^41]: *See, e.g.,* *Advanced Order* at 1633 ¶ 15.
[^42]: *See* Letter to J. Curtis Henderson, Senior Vice President and &
General Counsel for Nucentrix Spectrum Resources, Inc., from
Margaret Wiener, Chief, Auctions and Industry Analysis Division,
Wireless Telecommunications Bureau, 17 FCC Rcd 559, 561-62 (2002)
("Strict enforcement of the payment rules . . . is fair to all
participants in our auctions, including those who won licenses in
the auction and those who did not"); Letter to Russell H. Fox, Esq.,
Counsel for Capital Two-Way Communications, from Margaret Wiener,
Chief, Auctions and Industry Analysis Division, Wireless
Telecommunications Bureau, 16 FCC Rcd 11786, 11787-88 (2001). In
both of these cases, the licensee intended the assignor to relieve
it of its payment obligations.
[^43]: *See* para. 17 *infra*.
[^44]: *See* Request of Inforum Communications, Inc. for Petition for
Reconsideration and Waiver Request for Late Acceptance of BTA
Installment Payment, *Order*, 19 FCC Rcd 83, 86 (2004), petition for
reconsideration pending.
[^45]: 47 C.F.R. § 1.2110(g)(4).
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| | Work | chnical | | Work | chnical | |
| | Group | Work | | Group | Work | |
| | Meeting | Group | | Meeting | Group | |
| | -- PDX | Meeting | | -- PDX | Meeting | |
| | Conf. | | | Conf | | |
| | Center | PDX | | Center | PDX | |
| | 10: | Conf. | | 10: | Conf. | |
| | 00-3:30 | Center | | 00-3:30 | Center | |
| | | 9: | | | 8:0 | |
| | \(503\) | 00-3:00 | | \(503\) | 0-12:00 | |
| | 2 | | | 2 | | |
| | 30-5566 | \(503\) | | 30-5566 | \(503\) | |
| | //7492# | 2 | | //7492# | 2 | |
| | | 30-5566 | | | 30-5566 | |
| | | //7492# | | | //4001# | |
+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
| | | | | | | |
| | Legal | | | R | Te | |
| | Work | | | egional | chnical | |
| | Group | | | Forum | Work | |
| | Mtg -- | | | Group | Group | |
| | PDX | | | -- | Con | |
| | Conf. | | | Airport | ference | |
| | Ctr. | | | Shilo | Call | |
| | 8:3 | | | Inn | Meeting | |
| | 0-4:00, | | | 10: | 1: | |
| | Mult.A | | | 00-3:30 | 00-4:00 | |
| | (503) | | | | | |
| | 2 | | | \(503\) | \(503\) | |
| | 30-5566 | | | 2 | 230-334 | |
| | //7492# | | | 30-5566 | 4//3173 | |
| | | | | //7492# | | |
+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | Policy | | | RRG | |
| | | Work | | | \@the | |
| | | Group | | | S | |
| | | Meeting | | | heraton | |
| | | -- PNGC | | | 10-3:30 | |
| | | Offices | | | | |
| | | @ 711 | | | | |
| | | NE | | | | |
| | | Halsey, | | | | |
| | | 1 | | | | |
| | | 0-3:30, | | | | |
| | | (503) | | | | |
| | | 2 | | | | |
| | | 30-5566 | | | | |
| | | //7492# | | | | |
+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| 30 | 31 | | | | | |
+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| en |
log-files | 947047 | ==>runtrx start: date: Tue Mar 17 13:30:16 EDT 2009 ( new-transpgrid.pppl.gov )
runtrx: tok.yy = CMOD.02
==========(runtrx)======================
date: Tue Mar 17 13:30:16 EDT 2009 ( new-transpgrid.pppl.gov )
args: 1462 pre
==========(runtrx)======================
==========(runtrx)======================
==========TRANSP preprocessing==========
date: Tue Mar 17 13:30:16 EDT 2009 ( new-transpgrid.pppl.gov )
==========check for 1462_mdsmark.sh===
==========(runtrx)======================
==========MDSMARK execution===============
...connecting to server: ALCDATA-TRANSP.PSFC.MIT.EDU
...mds_open: TRANSP 1462
+mds_open status: 265388041 :
%TREE-S-TreeNORMAL, Normal successful completion
...(reported by MDSplus server)
+MdsPut(REMOTE_ID,..): 265388041 :
%TREE-S-TreeNORMAL, Normal successful completion
...(reported by MDSplus server)
+MdsPut(NAME_OF_CODE,..): 265388041 :
%TREE-S-TreeNORMAL, Normal successful completion
...(reported by MDSplus server)
+MdsPut(DEVICE,..): 265388041 :
%TREE-S-TreeNORMAL, Normal successful completion
...(reported by MDSplus server)
+MdsPut(DATE_QUEUED,..): 265388041 :
%TREE-S-TreeNORMAL, Normal successful completion
...(reported by MDSplus server)
+MdsPut(HOW_QUEUED,..): 265388041 :
%TREE-S-TreeNORMAL, Normal successful completion
...(reported by MDSplus server)
...calling mds_close(...)
...mdsmark: normal exit.
==>runtrx: mdsmark execution successful
==========(runtrx)======================
==========SCRUNCHER execution===============
%SCRUNCHER: detected ELVIS_SERVER = "/p/transpgrid/qshare/ElVis/".
File /p/transpgrid/qshare/ElVis/ already exists, renamed to /p/transpgrid/qshare/ElVis/~
=> SCRUNCHER with Sept 2004 update by dmc.
"regularization" before descur call.
This could fail for PBX-M indented
geometry; if this happens contact
support: dmccune@pppl.gov
Specify data source: g for GA file;
j for JET file;
+ for MDSplus in, Ufile out;
& for MDSplus in & out;
I for EFIT INDEX file;
(new) A for ASTRA Ufiles;
m for {rm,ym} entry;
s for MB ufiles;
u for Scruncher Ufiles;
v for VMOMS {r0,z0,a0,e,d} entry;
C for MAST file;
x to stop;
Scruncher: Enter source designator to proceed :
[OLD VALUE: "None "]
-MDSplus config option (e.g. "CMOD" or "NSTX"):
[OLD VALUE: " ..."]
-MDSplus remote server (or "local"):
[OLD VALUE: " "]
-MDSplus tree name (e.g. "transp"):
enter "B" for EFIT boundary select options
TRANSP shot number:
CMOD plasma shot number (source_shot): 1080409021
CMOD selected EFIT tree (efit_tree): ANALYSIS
...reading EFIT data...
%geqdsk_mod: EFIT MDSplus tree: timebase & scalar reads.
%geqdsk: available time range (s): 6.00000E-02 1.50000E+00
%geqdsk_mod: EFIT MDSplus tree: limiter & bdy reads.
%geqdsk_mod: EFIT MDSplus tree: f(psi,t) profile reads.
%geqdsk_mod: EFIT MDSplus tree: psi(R,Z,t) profile read.
%geqdsk_mod: read completed.
%geqdsk_mod: 6.00000E-02 btw 2 EFIT times: 6.00000E-02 8.00000E-02
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 8.00000E-02 btw 2 EFIT times: 8.00000E-02 1.00000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.00000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.00000E-01 1.20000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.20000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.20000E-01 1.40000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.40000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.20000E-01 1.40000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.60000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.60000E-01 1.80000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.80000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.80000E-01 2.00000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 2.00000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.80000E-01 2.00000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 2.20000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 2.20000E-01 2.40000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 2.40000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 2.40000E-01 2.60000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 2.60000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 2.60000E-01 2.80000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 2.80000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 2.60000E-01 2.80000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 3.00000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 3.00000E-01 3.20000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 3.20000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 3.20000E-01 3.40000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 3.40000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 3.20000E-01 3.40000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 3.60000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 3.60000E-01 3.80000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 3.80000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 3.80000E-01 4.00000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 4.00000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 3.80000E-01 4.00000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 4.20000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 4.20000E-01 4.40000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 4.40000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 4.40000E-01 4.60000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 4.60000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 4.60000E-01 4.80000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 4.80000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 4.80000E-01 5.00000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 5.00000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 5.00000E-01 5.20000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 5.20000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 5.20000E-01 5.40000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 5.40000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 5.40000E-01 5.60000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 5.60000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 5.40000E-01 5.60000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 5.80000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 5.80000E-01 6.00000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 6.00000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 6.00000E-01 6.20000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 6.20000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 6.00000E-01 6.20000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 6.40000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 6.40000E-01 6.60000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 6.60000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 6.60000E-01 6.80000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 6.80000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 6.60000E-01 6.80000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 7.00000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 7.00000E-01 7.20000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 7.20000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 7.20000E-01 7.40000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 7.40000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 7.20000E-01 7.40000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 7.60000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 7.60000E-01 7.80000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 7.80000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 7.80000E-01 8.00000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 8.00000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 7.80000E-01 8.00000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 8.20000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 8.20000E-01 8.40000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 8.40000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 8.40000E-01 8.60000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 8.60000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 8.60000E-01 8.80000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 8.80000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 8.80000E-01 9.00000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 9.00000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 9.00000E-01 9.20000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 9.20000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 9.20000E-01 9.40000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 9.40000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 9.40000E-01 9.60000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 9.60000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 9.60000E-01 9.80000E-01
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 9.80000E-01 btw 2 EFIT times: 9.80000E-01 1.00000E+00
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.00000E+00 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.00000E+00 1.02000E+00
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.02000E+00 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.02000E+00 1.04000E+00
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.04000E+00 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.04000E+00 1.06000E+00
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.06000E+00 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.06000E+00 1.08000E+00
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.08000E+00 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.08000E+00 1.10000E+00
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.10000E+00 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.10000E+00 1.12000E+00
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.12000E+00 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.12000E+00 1.14000E+00
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.14000E+00 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.14000E+00 1.16000E+00
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.16000E+00 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.16000E+00 1.18000E+00
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.18000E+00 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.18000E+00 1.20000E+00
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.20000E+00 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.20000E+00 1.22000E+00
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.22000E+00 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.22000E+00 1.24000E+00
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.24000E+00 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.24000E+00 1.26000E+00
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.26000E+00 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.26000E+00 1.28000E+00
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.28000E+00 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.28000E+00 1.30000E+00
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.30000E+00 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.30000E+00 1.32000E+00
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.32000E+00 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.32000E+00 1.34000E+00
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.34000E+00 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.34000E+00 1.36000E+00
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.36000E+00 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.36000E+00 1.38000E+00
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.38000E+00 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.38000E+00 1.40000E+00
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.40000E+00 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.40000E+00 1.42000E+00
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.42000E+00 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.42000E+00 1.44000E+00
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.44000E+00 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.44000E+00 1.46000E+00
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.46000E+00 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.46000E+00 1.48000E+00
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: 1.48000E+00 btw 2 EFIT times: 1.48000E+00 1.50000E+00
(times in seconds) interpolation will be done.
%geqdsk_mod: selected EFIT time: 1.50000E+00
Scruncher: Enter "s" for symmetric, "a" for asymmetric fit:
Scruncher: Enter Y to remove m=0 vertical displacement (suggested for SYM mode only) :
Scruncher: Output tabulated results to screen? (y or n)
Scruncher: Output Data -vs- Fit plots to screen? (y or n)
Iteration: 1 Time: 0.060000
At the end of descur, fsq = 5.508608185E-3
Iteration: 2 Time: 0.080000
At the end of descur, fsq = 6.259758491E-3
Iteration: 3 Time: 0.100000
At the end of descur, fsq = 4.399632104E-3
Iteration: 4 Time: 0.120000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.888917156E-3
Iteration: 5 Time: 0.140000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.64974793E-3
Iteration: 6 Time: 0.160000
At the end of descur, fsq = 2.832341241E-3
Iteration: 7 Time: 0.180000
At the end of descur, fsq = 2.665635897E-3
Iteration: 8 Time: 0.200000
At the end of descur, fsq = 1.566352788E-3
Iteration: 9 Time: 0.220000
At the end of descur, fsq = 9.879432619E-4
Iteration: 10 Time: 0.240000
10 time= 0.239999995
At the end of descur, fsq = 6.547276862E-4
Iteration: 11 Time: 0.260000
At the end of descur, fsq = 1.537452918E-3
Iteration: 12 Time: 0.280000
At the end of descur, fsq = 2.685180865E-3
Iteration: 13 Time: 0.300000
At the end of descur, fsq = 2.806514734E-3
Iteration: 14 Time: 0.320000
At the end of descur, fsq = 8.750623092E-4
Iteration: 15 Time: 0.340000
At the end of descur, fsq = 2.872799989E-3
Iteration: 16 Time: 0.360000
At the end of descur, fsq = 2.41355761E-3
Iteration: 17 Time: 0.380000
At the end of descur, fsq = 2.604630776E-3
Iteration: 18 Time: 0.400000
At the end of descur, fsq = 2.652829513E-3
Iteration: 19 Time: 0.420000
At the end of descur, fsq = 2.935563913E-3
Iteration: 20 Time: 0.440000
20 time= 0.439999998
At the end of descur, fsq = 2.83165765E-3
Iteration: 21 Time: 0.460000
At the end of descur, fsq = 2.872264711E-3
Iteration: 22 Time: 0.480000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.021977376E-3
Iteration: 23 Time: 0.500000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.046363359E-3
Iteration: 24 Time: 0.520000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.059576964E-3
Iteration: 25 Time: 0.540000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.132087179E-3
Iteration: 26 Time: 0.560000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.15512321E-3
Iteration: 27 Time: 0.580000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.158577019E-3
Iteration: 28 Time: 0.600000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.132229438E-3
Iteration: 29 Time: 0.620000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.133401275E-3
Iteration: 30 Time: 0.640000
30 time= 0.639999986
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.233119845E-3
Iteration: 31 Time: 0.660000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.209908493E-3
Iteration: 32 Time: 0.680000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.2199712E-3
Iteration: 33 Time: 0.700000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.213443793E-3
Iteration: 34 Time: 0.720000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.180035856E-3
Iteration: 35 Time: 0.740000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.200035077E-3
Iteration: 36 Time: 0.760000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.121555783E-3
Iteration: 37 Time: 0.780000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.223473206E-3
Iteration: 38 Time: 0.800000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.131823847E-3
Iteration: 39 Time: 0.820000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.153827973E-3
Iteration: 40 Time: 0.840000
40 time= 0.839999974
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.148001852E-3
Iteration: 41 Time: 0.860000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.037978197E-3
Iteration: 42 Time: 0.880000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.142275615E-3
Iteration: 43 Time: 0.900000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.143860959E-3
Iteration: 44 Time: 0.920000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.214342752E-3
Iteration: 45 Time: 0.940000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.221070161E-3
Iteration: 46 Time: 0.960000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.331089392E-3
Iteration: 47 Time: 0.980000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.748445306E-3
Iteration: 48 Time: 1.000000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.332811408E-3
Iteration: 49 Time: 1.020000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.364537843E-3
Iteration: 50 Time: 1.040000
50 time= 1.03999996
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.360323375E-3
Iteration: 51 Time: 1.060000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.309701569E-3
Iteration: 52 Time: 1.080000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.277106443E-3
Iteration: 53 Time: 1.100000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.2630153E-3
Iteration: 54 Time: 1.120000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.34180193E-3
Iteration: 55 Time: 1.140000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.310418222E-3
Iteration: 56 Time: 1.160000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.412365448E-3
Iteration: 57 Time: 1.180000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.430881537E-3
Iteration: 58 Time: 1.200000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.679120447E-3
Iteration: 59 Time: 1.220000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.7087237E-3
Iteration: 60 Time: 1.240000
60 time= 1.23999989
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.571542911E-3
Iteration: 61 Time: 1.260000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.475391073E-3
Iteration: 62 Time: 1.280000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.347425722E-3
Iteration: 63 Time: 1.300000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.241414204E-3
Iteration: 64 Time: 1.320000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.230753122E-3
Iteration: 65 Time: 1.340000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.087353427E-3
Iteration: 66 Time: 1.360000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.981859423E-3
Iteration: 67 Time: 1.380000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.943657503E-3
Iteration: 68 Time: 1.400000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.187717404E-3
Iteration: 69 Time: 1.420000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.012660425E-3
Iteration: 70 Time: 1.440000
70 time= 1.43999994
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.170026466E-3
Iteration: 71 Time: 1.460000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.335762769E-3
Iteration: 72 Time: 1.480000
At the end of descur, fsq = 4.566885531E-3
Iteration: 73 Time: 1.500000
At the end of descur, fsq = 3.526730696E-3
***************************************************
* *
* Z *
* Time Zc(m=0) Max-Abs-Deviation*
* [sec] [cm] [cm] *
* *
* 0.2400 -1.1002 0.0007 *
* 0.4400 -2.1549 0.0028 *
* 0.6400 -1.3278 0.0032 *
* 0.8400 -0.9107 0.0031 *
* 1.0400 -1.0823 0.0034 *
* 1.2400 -1.4645 0.0036 *
* 1.4400 0.8301 0.0032 *
* *
* [max=] 6.9692 0.0063 *
* *
***************************************************
Scruncher: plot moments data? (y/n):
--> enter "S" to set/change direction of B field or current:
Scruncher: write moments data to ufiles? (y/n):
Doing MDSplus write
MdsDisconnect error: ALCDATA-TRANSP.PSFC.MIT.EDU
Specify data source: g for GA file;
j for JET file;
+ for MDSplus in, Ufile out;
& for MDSplus in & out;
I for EFIT INDEX file;
(new) A for ASTRA Ufiles;
m for {rm,ym} entry;
s for MB ufiles;
u for Scruncher Ufiles;
v for VMOMS {r0,z0,a0,e,d} entry;
C for MAST file;
x to stop;
Scruncher: Enter source designator to proceed :
==>runtrx: scruncher execution successful
==========(runtrx)======================
==========TRDAT execution===============
date: Tue Mar 17 13:31:13 EDT 2009 ( new-transpgrid.pppl.gov )
(mpi_share_env) process myid= 0 cwd: /local/pshr0013/transp_compute/CMOD/1462
TRDAT Default vn 2.01 18-1-2002
%TRDAT: detected ELVIS_SERVER = "/p/transpgrid/qshare/ElVis/".
File /p/transpgrid/qshare/ElVis/ already exists, renamed to /p/transpgrid/qshare/ElVis/~
CTOKNM : Cdir = /local/pshr0013/transp_compute/CMOD/1462/
% DIRECTORY IS /local/pshr0013/transp_compute/CMOD/1462/; TOKAMAK ID SET TO CMOD
namelist element value field(s): decimal point(s) inserted:
AIMP
%mds_setup: setting MDSplus server to: ALCDATA-TRANSP.PSFC.MIT.EDU
%mds_setup: server set OK.
%mds_setup: MDSplus opening tree: TRANSP 1462
%mds_setup: MDSplus tree open status: 265388041
-----------> entering UF0GET.
% UF0DRD WARNING: DIMENSIONALITY OF INPUT FILE = 3
%OK: BTOR_CCW not found, using namelist: nlbccw = T
%OK: ITOR_CCW not found, using namelist: nljccw = T
%UF0GET -- finished.
%datchk: reset MRSTRT to -5
%datchk: restart records once every -5 minutes.
Note: nlfsp_server FALSE => nlfsp_species FALSE.
Note: nlfsp_server FALSE => nlfsp_psirz FALSE.
DATCHK: CHECKING ARRAY DIMENSIONS, SWITCHES, ETC
%DATCHK -- UP-DOWN ASYMMETRY DETECTED
%DATCHK: NYXINV incremented to be odd: 101 161
%DATCHK: no ECH/ECCD, NLECRF=F, nantech=0 set.
%DATCKICH: TORIC-5 solver, with numerical MHD equilibrium geometry.
%DATCHK: old style ICH antenna geometry converted:
RmjIcha,rmnIcha,thIcha -> RgeoAnt,YgeoAnt
ONLY element (1) of each array used!
%DATCKICH: copy shared parameters to Antenna # 1
%datckich for TORIC5: increased NICHPSI from 128 to 320
%DATCKA -- CHECKING NON-DEFAULT SPECIFICATIONS FOR AC FILE I/O
GIVEN IN NAMELIST CHARACTER DATA ARRAYS "SELOUT" AND "SELAVG"
%ASCXFIN -- AC FILE OPERATION COMPLETED SUCCESSFULLY.
dummy trdatusub vsn trgdat_check called (OK).
dummy trdatusub vsn trgdat_psload called (OK).
*UTRCHK: CHECKING TRDAT NAMELIST SPECIFICATIONS.
*DDEFIN: SET UP PHYSICS DATA FOR ANALYSIS:
TIME RANGE IS TINIT= 1.8000E-01, FTIME= 1.4100E+00 SECONDS.
SETSCD - SET SCALAR DATA FOR UPF
*UF1GET: PROCESSING "SAW": sawtooth times seconds ----------------
SETTIM - SET UP TIMING INFORMATION FOR UPF
*UF1GET: PROCESSING "CUR": plasma current amps -------------------
*UF1GET: PROCESSING "RBZ": [ext. B field] * R Tesla*cm -----------
%SETDFLT: "GAS" INPUT DATA FILE NOT SPECIFIED
==>DEFAULT VALUE SUBSTITUTED, GASFLN = 0.0000E+00
*UF1GET: PROCESSING "NTX": Neutron flux n/sec --------------------
*UF1GET: PROCESSING "VSF": surface voltage volts -----------------
*UF1GET: PROCESSING "ZEF": Zeff -------------------------------
No units check for this signal!
*UF3GET: PROCESSING "MRY": Moments boundary cm -------------------
Setmom: Interpolate 3-D MRY bdy moments data for UPF
%SETMOM: NMOM = 8
*UF2GET: PROCESSING "BOL": Power radiated W/cm**3 ----------------
%SETRD0: X VECTOR SET FROM UFILE NORMALIZED MINOR RADIUS DATA
*UF2GET: PROCESSING "NER": electron density n/cm**3 --------------
%SETRD0: X VECTOR SET FROM UFILE NORMALIZED MINOR RADIUS DATA
*UF2GET: PROCESSING "TER": electron temperature eV ---------------
%SETRD0: X VECTOR SET FROM UFILE NORMALIZED MINOR RADIUS DATA
*UF2GET: PROCESSING "TI2": ion temperature eV --------------------
%SETRD0: X VECTOR SET FROM UFILE NORMALIZED MINOR RADIUS DATA
*DDEFIN: Set Plasma Heating parameters :- ==========================
-> entering setnbi (neutral beam powers, voltages, etc.)
...setting NBI powers & voltages from namelist.
(no neutral beams detected)
-> entering setrfp (ICRF powers)
SETRFP - SET UP ICRF POWER DATA FOR UPF
*UF2GET: PROCESSING "RFP": RF heating data ---------------------
_%UF2GET FALLBACK: 1D UFILE INPUT => TIME SERIES F(T) DATA
%units check required: fallback to time series.
%ICRF on/off times taken from data.
%ICRF_ONOFF: ICRF on/off times (s): 7.0075E-01 1.5053E+00
...setting ICRF frequencies from namelist
-> entering setlhp (Lower Hybrid powers)
(no Lower Hybrid Antenna Powers detected)
-> entering setecp (ECH/ECCD powers)
(no ECH/ECCD detected)
Zeff vs. time only:
Zeff vs. time input data provided.
%SETDFLT: "DTG" INPUT DATA FILE NOT SPECIFIED
==>DEFAULT VALUE SUBSTITUTED, DTMAXG = 5.0000E-03
%setmisc -- time dependent geometry timestep enabled (ZOOM is off).
%SETDFLT: "DTS" INPUT DATA FILE NOT SPECIFIED
==>DEFAULT VALUE SUBSTITUTED, DT_SOURCES = 5.0000E-03
%setmisc -- time dependent source timestep enabled (ZOOM is off).
%SETDFLT: "DTX" INPUT DATA FILE NOT SPECIFIED
==>DEFAULT VALUE SUBSTITUTED, DT_OUTPUT = 5.0000E-03
%setmisc -- time dependent output timestep enabled (ZOOM is off).
--------------------------------------------------
%trdat_bdy_check -- checking plasma boundary data
and checking plasma boundary is inside vacuum vessel
trdat_bdy_check: OK
...min(r_curvature/(Rmax-Rmin)) is: 0.12442682559285854
...at time t= 1.359999999999961 seconds.
------------> thermal ion ptcl balance summary:
Hydrogen (absent)
Deuterium NDEFINE=0 NMODEL=1 RC=Tau(p) GF=ZERO
Tritium (absent)
Helium-3 (absent)
Helium-4 (absent)
Lithium-6 (absent)
Recycling fractions RFRAC are specified.
------------------------------------
Fast ion summary:
Beam species: (None)
Fusion product species: (None)
Minority RF species: H
------------------------------------
==========(runtrx TRDAT sts = 0)======
==>runtrx: trdat execution successful
will write to mdsplus later
==========LABEL execution===============
date: Tue Mar 17 13:31:21 EDT 2009 ( new-transpgrid.pppl.gov )
==>runtrx: label execution successful
==========add TF.PLN to MDSplus ========
==========(runtrx)======================
date: Tue Mar 17 13:31:22 EDT 2009 ( new-transpgrid.pppl.gov )
mds_conopn: option = 4 1462 TRANSP
...connecting to server: ALCDATA-TRANSP.PSFC.MIT.EDU
...tcl("EDIT TRANSP/SHOT=1462")
nid = 84
open 1462TF.PLN
add_file: 1219 lines - 74
tcl("WRITE")
stat = 1
==========add PH.CDF to MDSplus ========
==========(runtrx)======================
date: Tue Mar 17 13:31:23 EDT 2009 ( new-transpgrid.pppl.gov )
==========(runtrx)======================
==========TRANSP link & load============
==========(runtrx)======================
date: Tue Mar 17 13:31:23 EDT 2009 ( new-transpgrid.pppl.gov )
--> copy_expert_for: standard expert source copied to: 1462ex.for
--> copy_expert_for: up-to-date expert object copied to: 1462ex.o
**** uplink 1462tr nolib
check_xlibvars: setenv TRLIB_PATH (null)
make: `/p/transpgrid/transp_platform/RHEL4/path_64/obj/freeshare/port.o' is up to date.
make: `/p/transpgrid/transp_platform/RHEL4/path_64/obj/freeshare/blockd.o' is up to date.
make: `/local/pshr0013/transp_compute/CMOD/1462/1462ex.o' is up to date.
make: `/p/transpgrid/transp_platform/RHEL4/path_64/obj/transp/subtransp.o' is up to date.
make: `/p/transpgrid/transp_platform/RHEL4/path_64/obj/freeshare/fspdata.o' is up to date.
csh -f /local/pshr0013/transp_compute/CMOD/1462/1462tr.sh
csh/linkload detected: f90 libraries requirement with C/C++ linkage
==>runtrx: TRANSP link successful
==========(runtrx)======================
==========>runtrx normal exit<==========
date: Tue Mar 17 13:31:41 EDT 2009 ( new-transpgrid.pppl.gov )
| en |
all-txt-docs | 042465 | Learn About the ADA in Your Local Library
To make access to ADA information as easy as a trip to your
local library, the Department of Justice, through a grant to the
Kansas State Library and the Chief Officers of State Libraries
Agencies (COSLA), has sent an ADA Information File containing 35
technical assistance documents to 15,000 libraries across the
country. Most libraries have placed the File at the
reference desk. The Information File contains the following
materials:
Law and Regulations
Public Law 101-336
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 as enacted by
Congress.
Title II Regulation
The final rule implementing subtitle A of title II of the
Americans with Disabilities Act which prohibits discrimination on
the basis of disability by
public entities.
Title III Regulation
The final rule implementing title III of the Americans with
Disabilities Act which prohibits discrimination on the basis of
disability by public accommodations and commercial facilities.
Title III Regulation; Transportation Facilities and Accessible
Automated Teller Machines (ATM's) (1/18/94)
The final rule that amends Appendix A to the Department of
Justice regulation implementing title III of the Americans with
Disabilities Act by incorporating accessibility guidelines for
transportation facilities and by adopting amendments to the reach
range requirement for accessible automated teller machines and
fare vending machines.
Title III Regulation; Detectable Warnings; Joint (4/12/94)
The joint final rule that temporarily suspends until July
26, 1996, the requirements in the ADA Standards for Accessible
Design for detectable warnings at curb ramps, hazardous vehicular
areas, and reflecting pools.
Documents Produced by Federal Agencies
Technical Assistance Manuals
Title I Technical Assistance Manual and Resource Directory
A manual developed by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity
Commission that provides technical information on the employment
provisions of the ADA and includes an extensive resource
directory of related programs and organizations.
Title II Technical Assistance Manual (1993 edition)
A manual developed by the U. S. Department of Justice,
updated annually, that provides technical information on the
title II requirements covering State and local government
programs and services.
Title III Technical Assistance Manual (1993 edition)
A manual developed by the U.S. Department of Justice,
updated annually, that provides technical information on the
title III requirements covering public accommodations and
commercial facilities.
Status Report
Enforcing the ADA - A Status Report from the U. S. Department of
Justice
A 17-page report that provides the current status of DOJ's
enforcement efforts, including information on litigation, and
formal and informal settlement agreements under titles II and
III.
Questions and Answers
ADA Questions and Answers
A pamphlet developed jointly by the U.S. Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission and the U. S. Department of Justice that
contains the most frequently asked questions about titles I, II,
and III.
Businesses
Food Industry
ADA Answers for Foodservice Operators
A 48-page guide developed under a DOJ grant by the National
Restaurant Association and the National Center for Access
Unlimited that provides an overview of the title III requirements
that affect the food industry.
Facilities Survey & Budget Book (Supermarkets)
A 22-page survey and budget document developed under a DOJ
grant by the Food Marketing Institute that focuses on removal of
barriers in supermarkets.
Grocery Stores: Access Equals Opportunity
A 30-page booklet developed under a DOJ grant by the Council
of Better Business Bureaus Foundation that addresses compliance
issues under title III for grocery stores.
Restaurants & Bars: Access Equals Opportunity
A 30-page booklet developed under a DOJ grant by the Council
of Better Business Bureaus Foundation that addresses compliance
issues under title III for restaurants and bars.
Ten Step Action Plan (Supermarkets)
A brochure developed under a DOJ grant by the Food Marketing
Institute that outlines an action plan to be used by supermarkets
in achieving compliance with the ADA.
Health Care Facilities
ADA: Answers to Questions Most Commonly Asked by Hospitals and
Health Care Providers
A 12-page brochure developed under a DOJ grant by the
National Rehabilitation Hospital that answers the questions most
frequently asked by health care providers about their obligations
under the ADA.
Information for Persons with Disabilities: Access to Public and
Private Health Care
A brochure developed under a DOJ grant by the National
Rehabilitation Hospital that explains the obligations of health
care providers under titles II and III.
Medical Offices: Access Equals Opportunity
A 30-page booklet developed under a DOJ grant by the Council
of Better Business Bureaus Foundation that addresses compliance
issues under title III for medical and health care facilities.
Self-Evaluation Checklist for Health Care Facilities
A 44-page checklist developed under a DOJ grant by the
American Foundation for the Blind that provides guidance for
health care providers in making their services and facilities
accessible for persons who are blind, deaf-blind, or visually
impaired.
Hotels and Motels
Accommodating All Guests; The ADA and the Lodging Industry
A 70-page guide developed under a DOJ grant by the American
Hotel & Motel Association that provides information on the
requirements of the ADA as they apply to the lodging industry.
Self-Evaluation Checklist for Hotels and Motels
A 36-page checklist developed under a DOJ grant by the
American Foundation for the Blind that provides guidance for
hotels and motels in making their services and facilities
accessible for persons who are blind, deaf-blind, or visually
impaired.
Child Care
Child Care Settings and the ADA
A two-page fact sheet developed under a DOJ grant by The Arc
that provides information on the ADA requirements that apply to
child care centers and family day care homes.
Other
Car Sales & Service: Access Equals Opportunity
A 30-page booklet developed under a DOJ grant by the Council
of Better Business Bureaus Foundation that addresses compliance
issues under title III for automobile dealers, rental
establishments, and service stations
Fun & Fitness Centers: Access Equals Opportunity
A 30-page booklet developed under a DOJ grant by the Council
of Better Business Bureaus Foundation that addresses compliance
issues under title III for recreation facilities and fitness
centers.
Retail Stores: Access Equals Opportunity
A 30-page booklet developed under a DOJ grant by the Council
of Better Business Bureaus Foundation that addresses compliance
issues under title III for retail stores.
Communication Access
Communication and the ADA
A four-page fact sheet developed under a DOJ grant by the
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association that provides
guidance on complying with the ADA requirements for communicating
effectively with persons who have hearing or speech impairments.
Communication Fact Sheet
A two-page fact sheet developed under a DOJ grant by the
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association that provides an
overview of various communication disabilities and methods that
can be used to achieve effective communication.
Of Consuming Interest: A Guide to Titles II and III of the ADA
for People with Vision Loss
A 49-page guide developed under a DOJ grant by the American
Foundation for the Blind presented in a questions and answers
format that contains information about the ADA for individuals
who are blind, deaf-blind, or visually impaired.
Testing Accommodations for Persons with Disabilities:
A Guide for Licensure, Certification and Credentialing
A 20-page manual developed under a DOJ grant by The
Association on Higher Education and Disability that is aimed at
agencies that administer or utilize tests for licensure,
certification, or credentialing.
Toward Equal Access: Providing Information Access Services to
Blind andVisually Impaired Persons Under the ADA
An eight-page booklet developed under a DOJ grant by the
National Federation of the Blind that provides information on the
ADA requirements for providing written material in formats
accessible to persons with vision impairments.
State and Local Governments
Take Another Look: Police Response to Seizures and Epilepsy
A 98-page document developed under a DOJ grant by the Police
Executive Research Forum that provides law enforcement personnel
with information on howto recognize and respond effectively to a
person who has a seizure disorder.
Title II Action Guide
A guide developed by Adaptive Environments Center, Inc.,
under a grant from the National Institute on Disability and
Rehabilitative Research, U. S. Department of Education, that
explains compliance obligations for State and local government
programs and services.
Resource Lists
ADA Nationwide Resources
A 43-page document developed under a DOJ grant by the Food
Marketing Institute that contains a list of Federal resources,
regional centers for technical assistance, State councils that
provide information and referral services, private organizations,
and a list of publications on disability.
Telephone Numbers for ADA Information (U.S. Department of
Justice)
A list that contains telephone numbers of Federal agencies
responsible for providing information about the ADA and
organizations funded by the Federal Government to provide ADA
information.
| en |
converted_docs | 222409 | \(202\) 566-5011
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
DECEMBER 27, 1976
COME SEE THE GOLD. COME STRIKE A MEDAL
AT THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT
> Gold bars weighing almost half a ton.
>
> A press specially designed so visitors may strike their own White
> House medal.
These fascinating attractions, and much more, are part of the all-new
displays in the Exhibit Hall of the Department of the Treasury, 15th and
Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Mrs. Mary Brooks, Director of the Mint,
announced today. The new exhibit opens to the public on Tuesday, January
4, 1977, at 11:00 a.m.
> The 30 gold bars of 999.8 fine gold are valued at \$552,790.01, at the
> official rate of \$42.22 per fine troy ounce. The bars, containing
> 13,092.402 fine troy ounces of gold, weigh approximately one-half ton
> and are on display in a unique Cannon Ball vault-type safe.
>
> An 80-ton hydraulic press has a special triggering attachment to
> activate the press to strike a 1-1/2″ pewter medal showing the White
> House on the obverse and the Presidential seal on the reverse.
> Visitors may purchase the pewter blanks for \$1.00 and strike their
> own White House medals---or buy the medals over-the-counter at the
> Mint sales counter in the Exhibit Hall.
Other brand-new exhibits assembled from agencies within the Treasury
Department---such as, the Office of the Secretary, Bureau of the Mint,
Bureau of Engraving and Printing, U.S. Treasurer's Office, U.S. Savings
Bonds, Internal Revenue Service, U.S. Secret Service, U.S. Customs
Service, Comptroller of the Currency and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco
and Firearms---include:
(Over)
> A replica of the first telephone installed in the Treasury Department
> in 1877, a private line connected to the White House. Various office
> machines, such as an arithmometer and typewriters, in use at the
> turn-of-the-century.
>
> An antique hand-operated currency press. A moonshine still. A replica
> of a 1792 screw coin press. A re-creation of an early U.S. Assay
> Office where gold miners brought their precious metal discoveries for
> testing and purchase by the government.
>
> An operating Lienhard transfer and engraving machine, showing how
> designs are transferred from a copper galvano onto a hub used to make
> dies for coins and medals. A galvano plating tank, sculptor's display,
> automatic coin weighing machines and 5′ beam bullion balance.
>
> A movie theater for daily showings of films produced by the Treasury
> Department and some of its agencies. Currently showing: "Keys to the
> Treasury." "The Granite Lady." "A Day in the Life of Chopper." "One
> Time too Often." "Money Talks."
>
> Currency. Stamps. Coins. Medals.
>
> And still more graphic and audio-visual displays reflective of the
> wide-range of Treasury Department responsibilities and activities.
The entrance to the Treasury Exhibit Hall is located on East Executive
Avenue, popularly referred to as the Liberty Bell entrance. It is
directly across the street from the visitors' entrance to the White
House. The Exhibit Hall is open Tuesday through Saturday, 9:30 a.m. to
3:30 p.m. Free admission.
\- 2 -
| en |
converted_docs | 715945 |
##### Safety Attribute Inspection (SAI) Data Collection Tool
###### 4.1.2 Maintenance Certificate Requirements (AW)
#
# ELEMENT SUMMARY INFORMATION
**Purpose of this Element** (certificate holder's responsibility):
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| - To ensure that personnel directly in charge of maintenance, |
| preventative maintenance, or alterations are appropriately |
| certificated and adequately trained. |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
**Objective** (FAA oversight):
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| - To determine if the certificate holder\'s Maintenance Certificate |
| Requirements process meets all applicable requirements of Title |
| 14 of the Code of the Federal Aviation Regulations (14 CFR) and |
| FAA policies. |
| |
| - To determine if the certificate holder\'s Maintenance Certificate |
| Requirements process incorporates the safety attributes. |
| |
| - To identify any shortfalls in the certificate holder\'s |
| Maintenance Certificate Requirements process. |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
**Specific Instructions**:
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| - Intentionally left blank |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
#
# SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION
**Specific Regulatory Requirements (SRRs)**:
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| - SRRs: |
+=======================================================================+
| > 121.135(a)(1) |
| > |
| > 121.135(b)(1) |
| > |
| > 121.135(b)(2) |
| > |
| > 121.135(b)(3) |
| > |
| > 121.371(a) |
| > |
| > 121.375 |
| > |
| > 121.378(a) |
| > |
| > 121.378(b) |
| > |
| > 121.383(a)(1) |
| > |
| > 121.709(b)(3) |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
**Related CFRs & FAA Policy/Guidance**:
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| - Related CFRs: |
+=======================================================================+
| > Intentionally left blank |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| - FAA Policy/Guidance: |
+=======================================================================+
| > Intentionally Left Blank |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| * | |
| * | |
| S | |
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+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| # | |
| # | |
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+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | To meet this objective, the inspector must accomplish the |
| | following tasks: |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | Review the information listed in the Supplemental Information |
| \ | section of this DCT. |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | Review the duties and responsibilities for management and other |
| \ | personnel identified by the certificate holder who accomplish the |
| . | Maintenance Certificate Requirements process. |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | Review the certificate holder's Maintenance Certificate |
| \ | Requirements process to ensure it contains the policies, |
| . | procedures, instructions and information necessary for personnel |
| | to perform their duties and responsibilities with a high degree |
| | of safety. |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| # | | |
| # | | |
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| | | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| | To meet this objective, the inspector must answer | |
| | the following questions: | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 1 | Does the certificate holder\'s Maintenance | |
| \ | Certificate Requirements process meet the specific | |
| . | regulatory and FAA policy requirements: | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 1 | Does the certificate holder specify that each | Yes |
| . | person, who is directly in charge of maintenance, | |
| 1 | preventive maintenance, or alteration must hold an | No, |
| . | appropriate airman certificate? ** ** | Explain |
| | | |
| | SRRs: 121.378(a); 121.383(a)(1) | |
| | | |
| | *Related Design JTIs:* | |
| | | |
| | 1\. Check that the Certificate Holder\'s manual | |
| | contains instructions and information personnel who | |
| | are directly in charge of maintenance, preventative | |
| | maintenance, or alterations, hold an appropriate | |
| | airman certificate. | |
| | | |
| | *Sources:* 121.135(a)(1); 121.378(a) | |
| | | |
| | *Interfaces:* 1.3.1(AW); 1.3.4(AW); 1.3.6(AW); | |
| | 2.1.1(AW); 2.1.1(OP); 4.2.1(AW); 4.4.4(AW) | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 1 | Does the certificate holder specify that each | Yes |
| . | person, who is directly in charge of maintenance, | |
| 2 | preventive maintenance, or alterations, be available | No, |
| . | for consultation and decision on matters requiring | Explain |
| | instruction or decision from higher authority than | |
| | that of the persons performing the work? ** ** | |
| | | |
| | SRRs: 121.378(b) | |
| | | |
| | *Related Design JTIs:* | |
| | | |
| | 1\. Check that the Certificate Holder\'s manual | |
| | include instructions and information necessary to | |
| | allow each person who is \"directly in charge\" to | |
| | perform the duty and responsibility to be available | |
| | for consultation and decision making regarding | |
| | matters requiring instruction or decision from | |
| | higher authority than that of the persons performing | |
| | the work. | |
| | | |
| | *Sources:* 121.135(a)(1); 121.378(b) | |
| | | |
| | *Interfaces:* 1.3.1(AW); 1.3.4(AW); 1.3.6(AW); | |
| | 2.1.1(AW); 2.1.1(OP); 4.4.4(AW); 7.1.1(AW); | |
| | 7.1.2(AW) | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 1 | Does the certificate holder specify that each person | Yes |
| . | who signs an aircraft log entry must be properly | |
| 3 | certificated? ** ** | No, |
| . | | Explain |
| | SRRs: 121.709(b)(3) | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 1 | Does the certificate holder specify that each person | Yes |
| . | who performs Required Inspections must be | |
| 4 | appropriately certificated? ** ** | No, |
| . | | Explain |
| | SRRs: 121.371(a); 121.378(a) | |
| | | |
| | *Related Design JTIs:* | |
| | | |
| | 1\. Check that the Certificate Holder\'s manual | |
| | include instructions and information necessary for | |
| | each person who is performing required inspections | |
| | to hold an appropriate airman certificate. | |
| | | |
| | *Sources:* 121.135(a)(1); 121.378(a) | |
| | | |
| | *Interfaces:* 1.3.1(AW); 1.3.4(AW); 1.3.6(AW); | |
| | 2.1.1(AW); 2.1.1(OP); 4.2.1(AW); 4.4.4(AW) | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 1 | Does the certificate holder specify that each person | Yes |
| . | who signs the aircraft airworthiness release must be | |
| 5 | properly certificated? ** ** | No, |
| . | | Explain |
| | SRRs: 121.709(b)(3) | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 1 | Does the certificate holder specify that each person | Yes |
| . | who is directly in charge of maintenance must be | |
| 6 | adequately trained? ** ** | No, |
| . | | Explain |
| | SRRs: 121.375 | |
| | | |
| | *Related Design JTIs:* | |
| | | |
| | 1\. Check that the Certificate Holder\'s training | |
| | program ensures that each person (including | |
| | inspection personnel) who determines the adequacy of | |
| | work done is fully informed about procedures and | |
| | techniques and new equipment in use and is competent | |
| | to perform his/her duties. | |
| | | |
| | *Sources:* 121.375 | |
| | | |
| | *Interfaces:* 1.3.2(AW); 2.1.1(AW); 2.1.1(OP); | |
| | 4.2.1(AW); 4.2.2(AW) | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 1 | Does the certificate holder\'s Maintenance | Yes |
| . | Certificate Requirements process comply with the | |
| 7 | related requirements of 14 CFR Part 43.17(c)? | No, |
| . | ** ** | Explain |
| | | |
| | *Related Design JTIs:* | Not |
| | | A |
| | 1\. Check that the Certificate Holder\'s manual | pplicable |
| | include instructions and information for personnel | |
| | concerned which permits a person holding a valid | |
| | Canadian Department of Transport license (Aircraft | |
| | Maintenance Engineer) and appropriate ratings with | |
| | respect to a U.S.-registered aircraft located in | |
| | Canada, to perform maintenance, preventative | |
| | maintenance, alterations and approve the affected | |
| | aircraft for return to service. | |
| | | |
| | *Sources:* 121.135(a)(1); 43.17(c)(1) | |
| | | |
| | *Interfaces:* 1.1.1(AW); 1.3.1(AW); 1.3.6(AW); | |
| | 1.3.7(AW); 2.1.1(AW); 2.1.1(OP) | |
| | | |
| | 2\. Check that the Certificate Holder\'s manual | |
| | include instructions and information for personnel | |
| | concerned to permit an Approved Maintenance | |
| | Organization (AMO), whose system of quality control | |
| | for the maintenance, alteration, and inspection of | |
| | aeronautical products has been approved by the | |
| | Canadian Department of transport, with respect to a | |
| | U.S. - registered aircraft located in Canada or | |
| | other U.S. aeronautical products transported to | |
| | Canada from the United States, to perform | |
| | maintenance, preventative maintenance, alterations | |
| | and approve the affected products for return to | |
| | service. | |
| | | |
| | *Sources:* 121.135(a)(1); 43.17(c)(2) | |
| | | |
| | *Interfaces:* 1.1.1(AW); 1.3.1(AW); 1.3.6(AW); | |
| | 1.3.7(AW); 2.1.1(AW); 2.1.1(OP) | |
| | | |
| | 3\. Check that the Certificate Holder\'s manual | |
| | include instructions and information for personnel | |
| | concerned to permit a person who is an authorized | |
| | employee of a Approved Maintenance Organization | |
| | (AMO) performing work for such a company may, with | |
| | respect to a U.S. - registered aircraft located in | |
| | Canada or other U.S. aeronautical products | |
| | transported to Canada from the United States, | |
| | perform maintenance, preventative maintenance, | |
| | alterations and approve the affected products for | |
| | return to service. | |
| | | |
| | *Sources:* 121.135(b)(1); 43.17(c)(2) | |
| | | |
| | *Interfaces:* 1.1.1(AW); 1.3.1(AW); 1.3.6(AW); | |
| | 1.3.7(AW); 2.1.1(AW); 2.1.1(OP) | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 2 | Does the certificate holder\'s manual contain | Yes |
| \ | general policies for the Maintenance Certificate | |
| . | Requirements process that comply with the SRRs? | No, |
| | ** ** | Explain |
| | | |
| | SRRs: 121.135(b)(1) | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 3 | Does the certificate holder\'s manual reference the | Yes |
| \ | appropriate Federal Aviation Regulations listed in | |
| . | the Supplemental Information section of this safety | No, |
| | attribute inspection (SAI)? ** ** | Explain |
| | | |
| | SRRs: 121.135(b)(3) | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 4 | Does the certificate holder\'s manual contain the | Yes |
| \ | duties and responsibilities for personnel who will | |
| . | accomplish the Maintenance Certificate Requirements | No, |
| | process? ** ** | Explain |
| | | |
| | SRRs: 121.135(b)(2) | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 5 | Does the certificate holder\'s manual include | Yes |
| \ | instructions and information for personnel to meet | |
| . | the requirements of the Maintenance Certificate | No, |
| | Requirements process? ** ** | Explain |
| | | |
| | SRRs: 121.135(a)(1); 121.378(a); 121.378(b) | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| # | |
| # | |
| # | |
| # | |
| | |
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| * | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | No procedures, policy, instructions or information specified. |
| \ | |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | Procedures or instructions and information do not identify (who, |
| \ | what, when, where, how). |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | Procedures, policy or instructions and information do not comply |
| \ | with CFR. |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 4 | Procedures, policy or instructions and information do not comply |
| \ | with FAA policy and guidance. |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 5 | Procedures, policy or instructions and information do not comply |
| \ | with other documentation (e.g., manufacturer\'s data, Jeppesen\'s |
| . | Charts, etc.). |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 6 | Procedures, policy or instructions and information unclear or |
| \ | incomplete. |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 7 | Documentation quality (e.g., unreadable or illegible). |
| \ | |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 8 | Procedures, policy or instructions and information inconsistent |
| \ | across Certificate Holder manuals (FOM - Flight Operations Manual |
| . | to GMM - General Maintenance Manual, etc.). |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 9 | Procedures, policy or instructions and information inconsistent |
| \ | across media (e.g., paper, microfiche, electronic). |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | Resource requirements incomplete (personnel, facilities, |
| 0 | equipment, technical data). |
| \ | |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | Other. |
| 1 | |
| \ | |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| * | |
| * | |
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| * | |
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+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| * | |
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+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| # | |
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| | |
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+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | To meet this objective, the inspector must accomplish the |
| | following tasks: |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | Review the control questions below. |
| \ | |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | Review the certificate holder\'s policies, procedures, |
| \ | instructions, and information to gain an understanding of the |
| . | controls that it has documented. |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| # | | |
| # | | |
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+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| | To meet this objective, the inspector must answer | |
| | the following questions: | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 1 | Are the following controls built into the | |
| \ | Maintenance Certificate Requirements process: | |
| . | | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 1 | Is there a control or controls in place to ensure | Yes |
| . | that personnel, directly in charge of maintenance, | |
| 1 | are available for consultation when supervising | No, |
| . | personnel? ** ** | Explain |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 1 | Is there a control or controls in place to ensure | Yes |
| . | that personnel directly in charge of maintenance are | |
| 2 | adequately trained? ** ** | No, |
| . | | Explain |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 1 | Is there a control or controls in place to ensure | Yes |
| . | that personnel directly in charge of maintenance are | |
| 3 | appropriately certificated? ** ** | No, |
| . | | Explain |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 1 | Is there a control or controls in place to ensure | Yes |
| . | that required inspection items are performed by an | |
| 4 | authorized and appropriately certificated airman? | No, |
| . | ** ** | Explain |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 1 | Is there a control or controls in place to ensure | Yes |
| . | that aircraft airworthiness releases are signed by | |
| 5 | an authorized and properly certificated airman? | No, |
| . | ** ** | Explain |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 1 | Is there a control or controls in place to ensure | Yes |
| . | that aircraft log entries are signed by an | |
| 6 | authorized and properly certificated airman? | No, |
| . | ** ** | Explain |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 2 | Does the certificate holder have a documented method | Yes |
| \ | for assessing the impact of any changes made to the | |
| . | controls in the Maintenance Certificate Requirements | No, |
| | process? ** ** | Explain |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| # | |
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+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | No controls specified. |
| \ | |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | Documentation for the controls do not identify (who, what, when, |
| \ | where, how). |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | Controls incomplete. |
| \ | |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 4 | Controls could be circumvented. |
| \ | |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 5 | Controls could be unenforceable. |
| \ | |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 6 | Resource requirements incomplete (personnel, facilities, |
| \ | equipment, technical data). |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 7 | Other. |
| \ | |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| * | |
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+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| # | |
| # | |
| | |
| T | |
| a | |
| s | |
| k | |
| s | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | To meet this objective, the inspector must accomplish the |
| | following tasks: |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | Review the process measurement questions below. |
| \ | |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | Review the certificate holder\'s policies, procedures, |
| \ | instructions, and information to gain an understanding of the |
| . | process measurements that it has documented. |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| # | | |
| # | | |
| | | |
| Q | | |
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| s | | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| | To meet this objective, the inspector must answer | |
| | the following questions: | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 1 | Does the certificate holder\'s Maintenance | |
| \ | Certificate Requirements process include the | |
| . | following process measurements: | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 1 | Is there a process measurement or process | Yes |
| . | measurements that would identify if personnel | |
| 1 | directly in charge of maintenance were not available | No, |
| . | for consultation when supervising personnel? | Explain |
| | ** ** | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 1 | Is there a process measurement or process | Yes |
| . | measurements that would identify if personnel | |
| 2 | directly in charge of maintenance were not | No, |
| . | adequately trained? ** ** | Explain |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 1 | Is there a process measurement or process | Yes |
| . | measurements that would identify if personnel | |
| 3 | directly in charge of maintenance were not | No, |
| . | appropriately certificated? ** ** | Explain |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 1 | Is there a process measurement or process | Yes |
| . | measurements that would identify if required | |
| 4 | inspection items were not performed by appropriately | No, |
| . | certificated and authorized personnel? ** ** | Explain |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 1 | Is there a process measurement or process | Yes |
| . | measurements that would identify if aircraft | |
| 5 | airworthiness releases were not signed by | No, |
| . | appropriately certificated and authorized personnel? | Explain |
| | ** ** | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 1 | Is there a process measurement or process | Yes |
| . | measurements that would identify if aircraft log | |
| 6 | entries were not signed by appropriately | No, |
| . | certificated and authorized personnel? ** ** | Explain |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 2 | Is there a process measurement or process | Yes |
| \ | measurements that would reveal if the certificate | |
| . | holder s policy, procedures, instructions, and | No, |
| | information were not followed? ** ** | Explain |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 3 | Does the certificate holder document its process | Yes |
| \ | measurement methods and results? ** ** | |
| . | | No, |
| | | Explain |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 4 | Does the certificate holder use its process | Yes |
| \ | measurement results to improve its programs? | |
| . | ** ** | No, |
| | | Explain |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 5 | Does the organization that conducts the process | Yes |
| \ | measurements have direct access to the person with | |
| . | the responsibility for the Maintenance Certificate | No, |
| | Requirements process? ** ** | Explain |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| # | |
| # | |
| # | |
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+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | No process measurements specified. |
| \ | |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | Documentation for the process measurements does not identify |
| \ | (who, what, when, where, how). |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | Inability to identify negative findings. |
| \ | |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 4 | No provisions for implementing corrective actions. |
| \ | |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 5 | Ineffective follow-up to determine effectiveness of corrective |
| \ | actions. |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 6 | Resources requirements (personnel, facilities, equipment, |
| \ | technical data). |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 7 | Other. |
| \ | |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| * | |
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+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
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+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| # | |
| # | |
| | |
| T | |
| a | |
| s | |
| k | |
| s | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | To meet this objective, the inspector must accomplish the |
| | following tasks: |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | Review the interfaces associated with the Maintenance Certificate |
| \ | Requirements process that have been identified along with the |
| . | individual questions in section 1, Procedures, of this DCT. |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | Review the certificate holder\'s policies, procedures, |
| \ | instructions, and information to gain an understanding of the |
| . | interfaces that it has documented. |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| # | | |
| # | | |
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| t | | |
| i | | |
| o | | |
| n | | |
| s | | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| | To meet this objective, the inspector must answer | |
| | the following questions: | |
| | | |
| | Note: The design job task items (JTIs) displayed | |
| | with the questions in section 1, Procedures, of this | |
| | DCT identify potential interfaces (by element | |
| | number) for this element. | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 1 | Does the certificate holder s system properly | Yes |
| \ | address the interfaces that are identified along | |
| . | with the questions in section 1, Procedures of this | No, |
| | DCT? ** ** | Explain |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 2 | Does the certificate holder document a method for | Yes |
| \ | assessing the impact of any changes to the | |
| . | associated interfaces within the Maintenance | No, |
| | Certificate Requirements process? ** ** | Explain |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
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+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | No interfaces specified. |
| \ | |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | The following interfaces not identified within the Certificate |
| \ | Holder\'s manual system: |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | Interfaces listed are inaccurate. |
| \ | |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 4 | Specific location of interfaces not identified within the manual |
| \ | system. |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 5 | Other |
| \ | |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
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+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
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+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| # | |
| # | |
| | |
| T | |
| a | |
| s | |
| k | |
| s | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | To meet this objective, the inspector must accomplish the |
| | following tasks: |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | Identify the person who has overall responsibility for the |
| \ | Maintenance Certificate Requirements process. |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | Identify the person who has overall authority for the Maintenance |
| \ | Certificate Requirements process. |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | Review the duties and responsibilities of the person(s), |
| \ | documented in the certificate holder\'s manual. |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 4 | Review the appropriate organizational chart. |
| \ | |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| # | | |
| # | | |
| | | |
| Q | | |
| u | | |
| e | | |
| s | | |
| t | | |
| i | | |
| o | | |
| n | | |
| s | | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| | To meet this objective, the inspector must answer | |
| | the following questions: | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 1 | Does the certificate holder clearly identify who is | Yes |
| \ | repsonsible for the quality of the Maintenance | |
| . | Certificate Requirements process? ** ** | No, |
| | | Explain |
| | | |
| | | Na |
| | | me/Title: |
| | | |
| | | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 2 | Does the certificate holder clearly identify who has | Yes |
| \ | authority to establish and modify the policies, | |
| . | procedures, instructions, and information for the | No, |
| | Maintenance Certificate Requirements process? | Explain |
| | ** ** | |
| | | Na |
| | | me/Title: |
| | | |
| | | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 3 | Does the certificate holder\'s manual include the | Yes |
| \ | duties and responsibilities of those who manage the | |
| . | work required by the Maintenance Certificate | No, |
| | Requirements process? ** ** | Explain |
| | | |
| | SRRs: 121.135(b)(2) | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 4 | Does the certificate holder\'s manual include | Yes |
| \ | instructions and information for those who manage | |
| . | the work required by the Maintenance Certificate | No, |
| | Requirements process? ** ** | Explain |
| | | |
| | SRRs: 121.135(a)(1) | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 5 | Does the certificate holder clearly and completely | Yes |
| \ | document the responsibility for this position? | |
| . | ** ** | No, |
| | | Explain |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 6 | Does the certificate holder clearly and completely | Yes |
| \ | document the authority for this position? ** ** | |
| . | | No, |
| | | Explain |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 7 | Does the certificate holder clearly and completely | Yes |
| \ | document its qualifications standards for the person | |
| . | having responsibility for the Maintenance | No, |
| | Certificate Requirements process? ** ** | Explain |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 8 | Does the certificate holder clearly and completely | Yes |
| \ | document its qualification standards for the person | |
| . | having authority to establish and modify the | No, |
| | certificate holder\'s policies, procedures, | Explain |
| | instructions, and information for the Maintenance | |
| | Certificate Requirements process? ** ** | |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 9 | Does the certificate holder clearly and completely | Yes |
| \ | document the procedures for delegation of authority | |
| . | for the Maintenance Certificate Requirements | No, |
| | process? ** ** | Explain |
+---+------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| # | |
| # | |
| # | |
| # | |
| | |
| S | |
| A | |
| I | |
| | |
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| * | |
| * | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | Not documented. |
| \ | |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | Documentation unclear. |
| \ | |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | Documentation incomplete. |
| \ | |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 4 | Other. |
| \ | |
| . | |
+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| en |
all-txt-docs | 792683 | (176) IKARD, F.F., GREEN, D.E., HORN, D. A scale to differentiate between types
of smoking as related to the management of affect. International Journal of
the Addictions 4(4): 649-669, December 1969.
(177) IKARD, F.F., TOMKINS, S. The experience of affect as a determinant of
smoking behavior: A series of validity studies. Journal of Abnormal
Psychology 81(2): 172181, April 1973.
(178) ISACSSON, S.-O., JANZON, L. Results of a quit-smoking research project in a
randomly selected population. Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine 4(l):
25-29,1976.
(179) JACOBS, M.A. The addictive personality: Prediction of success in a smoking
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19-63
PART Ill
EDUCATION
AND
PREVENTION
20. YOUTH EDUCATION.
National Institute of Education
CONTENTS
Introduction ................ i ...................... .: ..................... 5
Current Smoking Education Approaches .................... 6
School Programs ........................................................ 7
Past and Ongoing Programs ................................... 7
General Programs.. .......................... .;. ........... 7
Demonstration Programs ............................. 7
Long-Term Programs .................................. 8
Youth-to-Youth Programs ............................... 9
Programs Involving Physicians ......................... 9
Programs -with Evaluation Components ............ 10
Descriptions of Selected Programs ......................... .14
San Diego Program ................................ i.. ... 14
Background .............................................. 14
Program Content ...................................... 14
Evaluation ......................... . ...................... 15
University of Illinois Antismoking Education
Study ..................................................... .15
School Health Curriculum Project ................... 18
Background .............................................. 18
Curriculum Model ...................................... 18
Teacher Training Model ............................. 19
Evaluation ............................................... 19
qonschool Programs ................................................. .22
Voluntary Health Agencies .................................. .22
Other Efforts .................................................... .23
lummary .............................................................. ...24
tecommendations and Conclusions ............................... .26
Recommendations ............................................... .26
Conclusions ......................................................... 26
,eferences ............................................................... 37
I
20-3
LIST OF TABLES
Table l.-Percentage who smoke either "just about every
day" or "once in a while, but not every day" . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
20-4
Introduction
In January 1964, the report on smoking and health of the Advisory
Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service was
released. It presented to the public incontrovertible evidence that
cigarette smoking was associated with disease. Major health profes-
sional organizations had already endorsed or committed themselves to
educational programs against cigarettes (18). Several States had
passed anti-cigarette resolutions urging the adoption of public health
education in regard to the hazards of smoking; the Canadian
Government had already begun to pursue a strong educational
program against smoking (78). Since then, programs in the schools
have proliferated, both in this country and abroad. Many state and
local ordinances have required teachers to cover the facts on the
negative effects of smoking on the body, but, in the absence of detailed
information, we do not know in what ways educators have complied
with these regulations. In any case, this chapter does not deal with the
role of the educator, which is covered in a separate chapter, but
reviews and discusses those antismoking programs directed toward
youth that have been reported in the literature.
While many recommendations have been made for school programs
and many programs have been described in the professional literature,
there must be thousands that have never been reported. It is hoped
that a comprehensive review can be made of ongoing programs, with a
view toward describing them and selecting for review those that show
promise of being effective in changing behavior. These, we hope, can
be evaluated, and recommendations made for programmatic directions
that appear to be potentially effective. There are many opinions
concerning the relative effectiveness of various approaches, but few
programs have been evaluated systematically. Thus, many recommen-
dations for programs in schools are based on a general philosophy of
education and others are based on studies specifically in the area of
youthful smoking.
In the remainder of this section, we review some of the recommenda-
tions that have been made. Many are based on the belief that the
greatest deterrent to smoking is knowledge of the adverse effects on
health, others are based on the belief that attitude change is more
important, and still others stress the influence of adult exemplars,
peers, or both. Social and psychological components are discussed by
some. Some recommend that all these facets be taken into account.
The second section of this chapter, which points to school programs
reported in the literature, is divided into two parts. First, past and
present school programs are described briefly. Second, three notewor-
thy programs are singled out for particular attention. In the first part,
programs are divided into general programs, those that involve young
people talking to other young people, those that involve physicians, and
those that have an evaluation component.
20-5
In the third section, programs outside the forma, education structure
are touched upon, including those sponsored by voluntary health
agencies and other organizations.
There follows a summary of the state of knowledge regarding
smoking programs for young people. While many programs have been
reviewed and discussed, it should be remembered that, in the absence
of evaluative research, no one knows which programs are most
effective, which subject matter material should be covered, or which
approaches are most likely to yield desirable results. The chapter ends
with general conclusions and recommendations.
Current Smoking Education Approaches
Although recommendations for school smoking programs vary widely,
one common goal, expressed either implicitly or explicitly, is maximal
prevention of those illnesses related to cigarette smoking. It can be
summed up by a statement that Secretary Califano made at the
National School Health Conference in May 1977: "Effective health
education early in life can help to prevent the major diseases of
adulthood" (21). It is not surprising, then, that most recommendations
emphasize the effects of smoking on health, long-term and immediate
(1, 4, 18, 24, 46, 47, 48, 50, 59, 61, 95). However, there is increasing
concern that facts alone are not sufficient to deter teenagers from
becoming smokers. Some take the position that positive, favorable
attitudes toward realization of the hazards of smoking are necessary.
Where negative attitudes exist, efforts should be made to redirect
them into positive ones and to affect behavior as well as attitudes. As
Bynner pointed out at the Second World Conference on Smoking and
Health, "there is good evidence from research into attitude change to
suggest that an attempt to bring about change in a favorable direction
on a combination of all these attitudes may be more effective than
simply continuing to supply information about health risk alone" (20).
Briney (16) found no significant relationship between knowledge of the
effects of cigarette smoking and smoking behavior of high school
seniors. Many have pointed out that youth imitates, and that one of the
major influences is the example set by parents, teachers, health
professionals, and other significant adults with whom the teenager is
in contact. Thus, focusing attention on the exemplar is recommended
(4 48, ST, 62, 96, 101, 104. Closely related to the example which adults
set for teenagers is the total environment, or climate, in which the
adolescent finds himself. As Horn stated, "There are serious difficul-
ties in attempting to influence young people by teaching them in the
classroom to adopt behavior opposed to practices that are encouraged
in the larger environment. Educators have found that smoking
education programs in school meet with strong counterforces in
television advertising and the smoking patterns of parents, other
adults, and people youngsters admire in their own group" (54). A
20-6
number of people have addressed this problem and made suggestions
for counteragents in the schools to cope with it (4, 20, 57, 96,101, 104,
109). Although cigarette advertising no longer appears on television, it
continues to be an accepted part of program content. Another area
that is touched on by some is that of the social-psychological
components of teenage smoking. Approaches here focus on the
individual and personal behavior choices, recognizing the needs some
believe cigarette smoking fulfills (4, 12, 24, 28, 29, 48, 50, 75, 101, 105).
Many recommend taking all of these into account, as exemplified by
the position statement of the American Association for Health,
Physical Education, and Recreation (4).
School Programs
School programs have usually followed one or more of the approaches
outlined above, taking into account the health threat, the influence of
adult exemplars, peer influence, or combinations of these. Many are
one-time campaigns, with little or no evaluation. Because of this lack,
it is impossible to report on the results or on the effectiveness of these
programs. Only a few are carefully planned, long-term programs, with
a systematic evaluation plan.
Past and Ongoing Programs
In citing school programs, we have divided them into four categories:
general, youth-to-youth, those involving physicians, and programs with
strong evaluation components. General programs include both demon-
stration and long-term programs. Demonstration programs are those
that are either one-time antismoking campaigns or innovative
classroom procedures, as opposed to established programs that are or
have been a part of the school curriculum. Long-term programs are
those that extend over several years and include a large number of
children. Youth-&youth, physician, and evaluation component pro-
grams may also fit into these definitions, but they are discussed
separately.
General Program
Demonstration Programs
A number of original and imaginative techniques have been reported
in the literature, including an experiment demonstrating to fourth-
grade students the effect of tar on the lungs (IO), use of students'
questions to assist in the development of a health unit (17), a school
survey conducted by students (33), construction of a model of a
smoking man (67), construction of a train filled with empty cigarette
packs (51), and a health fair put on by college students in an East
Harlem junior high school (58). Other antismoking campaigns em-
20-7
ployed combinations of speeches, films, posters, and other exhibits (35,
56, 72).
It is difficult to assess the effectiveness of these programs since
some reported no evaluation results (10,17, 33, 58, 70) and others were
assessed merely on the basis of students' reactions (51, 56, 67). Estrin,
in 1965, compared responses of ninth- and tenth-grade students to a
questionnaire administered before the campaign with responses to a
questionnaire administered "several weeks after". There was no
difference in the proportion of smokers, nor in the proportion of
smokers who said they would be interested in trying to stop smoking,
but there was a decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked.
However, there was no control group with which to compare the
results (35).
Long-Term Programs
Several programs that have reached a large number of children but
have had no experimental-control evaluation are reported on in this
section.
Surveys of smoking habits of students in grades 6 through 12 in
Selah, Washington, were done in 1961,1962, and 1964. Filmstrips were
shown, literature was distributed, and an essay contest was held. After
the first survey, results were reported to the students, stressing the
fact that sm&ing students tend not to compete successfully athletical-
ly or academically, nor do they participate in extracurricular activities.
Over the period of the program, the proportion of smokers at the
junior high school level increased, but the proportion of smokers at the
senior high school level stayed the same. The conclusion of the authors
was that "an educational antismoking campaign defeats its purpose
and actually increases the numbers who smoke" (2).
A program begun in Pennsylvania in 1962 placed emphasis on
changing the social status of smoking. Much of the work was done
through teachers and youth leaders. By 1967, 8,000 kits containing
smoking and health information and resource materials for teachers
and students and 10,000 copies of a teacher's resource unit had been
distributed. A variety of pamphlets, posters, and audiovisual aids was
prepared, regional meetings were held, and other activities such as
school assemblies, exhibits, youth forums, and the like were planned.
This effort was reported by Bohlayer (14).
A program initiated in 1968 in Monticello, New York, and designed
to reach pupils in kindergarten through twelfth grade, featured a
curriculum based on psychosocial needs of students, with emphasis on
concept formation, attitude formation, and habit establishment. The
program, funded for 3 years, was reported by Fleckman (39).
In Germany, a comprehensive campaign aimed at school children has
been going on since the late 1960's. Newspaper articles, posters, and
other means of conveying messages, such as badges, were tried.
204
| en |
converted_docs | 506193 | [Link to
GCH-0015](http://www.hud.gov/offices/adm/hudclips/lops/GCH-0015LOPS.doc)
[Link to
GCH-0016](http://www.hud.gov/offices/adm/hudclips/lops/GCH-0016LOPS.doc)
[Link to
GCH-0017](http://www.hud.gov/offices/adm/hudclips/lops/GCH-0017LOPS.doc)
[Link to
GCH-0018](http://www.hud.gov/offices/adm/hudclips/lops/GCH-0018LOPS.doc)
[Link to
GCH-0019](http://www.hud.gov/offices/adm/hudclips/lops/GCH-0019LOPS.doc)
[Link to
GCH-0020](http://www.hud.gov/offices/adm/hudclips/lops/GCH-0020LOPS.doc)
[Link to
GCH-0021](http://www.hud.gov/offices/adm/hudclips/lops/GCH-0021LOPS.doc)
Legal Opinion: GCH-0050
Index: 2.245
Subject: PH Due Process Determination: Maryland
April 3, 1992
HUD DUE PROCESS DETERMINATION
for the
STATE OF MARYLAND
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Jurisdiction.
II\. Elements of Due Process.
III\. Overview of Maryland Eviction Procedures.
A. Eviction Actions.
B. Summary Eviction Action in District Court.
C. Ejectment Action in Circuit Court.
IV\. Analysis of Maryland Eviction Procedures for
Each of the Regulatory Due Process Elements.
A. Summary Eviction Action in District Court.
B. Ejectment Action in Circuit Court.
V. Conclusion.
ANALYSIS
I. Jurisdiction: Maryland
II\. Elements of Due Process
Section 6(k) of the United States Housing Act of l937
(42 U.S.C. 1437d(k), as amended by section 503(a) of the
National Affordable Housing Act of 1990, Pub. L. 101-625,
approved November 28, 1990), provides that:
For any grievance concerning an eviction or termination of
tenancy that involves any criminal activity that threatens
the health, safety, or right to peaceful enjoyment of the
premises of other tenants or employees of the public
housing agency or any drug-related criminal activity on or
near such premises, the agency may . . . exclude from its
MARYLAND: DUE PROCESS DETERMINATION
grievance procedure any such grievance, in any jurisdiction
which requires that prior to eviction, a tenant be given a
hearing in court which the Secretary determines provides
the basic elements of due process . . . .
The statutory phrase \"elements of due process\" is defined
by HUD at 24 CFR 966.53(c) as:
. . . an eviction action or a termination of tenancy in a
State or local court in which the following procedural
safeguards are required:
\(l\) Adequate notice to the tenant of the grounds for
terminating the tenancy and for eviction;
\(2\) Right of the tenant to be represented by counsel;
\(3\) Opportunity for the tenant to refute the evidence
presented by the PHA including the right to confront
and cross-examine witnesses and to present any
affirmative legal or equitable defense which the
tenant may have; and
\(4\) A decision on the merits.
HUD\'s determination that a State\'s eviction procedures
satisfy this regulatory definition is called a \"due process
determination.\"
The present due process determination is based upon HUD\'s
analysis of the laws of the State of Maryland to determine if
eviction procedures under those laws require a hearing with all
of the regulatory \"elements of due process,\" as defined in
966.53(c).
HUD finds that the requirements of Maryland law governing
the following forms of action include all of the elements of
basic due process, as defined in 24 CFR 966.53(c):
\(1\) An action for summary eviction in the Maryland
District Court under Title 8, Subtitle 4 ( 8-401 to
8-403) of the Maryland Real Property Code Annotated
(R.P.), or
\(2\) An action for ejectment in the Maryland Circuit Court
under:
2
MARYLAND: DUE PROCESS DETERMINATION
\(a\) 4-402 of the Maryland Courts and Judicial
Procedure Code Annotated (C.J.P.) and
\(a\) Subtitle T (Ejectment) ( T40 to T46) of Chapter
1100 of the Maryland Rules Annotated (volume 2
(1991)).
HUD\'s conclusion is based upon requirements contained in the
Maryland Code, caselaw and court rules.
III\. Overview of Maryland Eviction Procedures
A. Eviction Actions
In Maryland, a landlord may use either of two actions to
evict a tenant:
\(1\) A summary eviction proceeding in the Maryland District
Court for repossession of the premises from a tenant
who holds over after termination of the lease, who
fails to pay rent, or who breaches the lease. R.P.,
Title 8, Subtitle 4 ( 8-401 to 8-403).
\(2\) An ejectment action in the Maryland Circuit Court.
C.J.P. 4-402.
B. Summary Eviction Action in District Court
A summary eviction action is brought by a landlord against
a tenant in the Maryland District Court. R.P. 8-401 to
8-403. The Maryland District Court has exclusive original civil
jurisdiction of actions involving landlord and tenant and
forcible entry and detainer actions, regardless of the amount
involved. C.J.P. 4-401.
Proceedings in District Court are subject to the General
Provisions of the Maryland Rules, which apply to procedure in
all Maryland courts unless otherwise specifically provided. Md.
Rules (Volume 1), Title 1, General Provisions (here cited as
G.P. Rule \-\--). G.P. Rule 1-101. In addition, District Court
proceedings are subject to the special rules of procedure for
the Maryland District Court. Md. Rules (Volume 1), Title 3,
Civil Procedure - District Court. (The Maryland District Court
Rules at Title 3 are cited here as M.D.R. Rule \-\--.)
Title 3 of the Maryland Rules applies to civil matters in
the District Courts except as specifically provided or
necessarily implied. G.P. Rule 1-101. The District Court Rules
3
MARYLAND: DUE PROCESS DETERMINATION
provide that landlord-tenant actions are governed by procedural
provisions of applicable general statutes, public local laws and
municipal and county ordinances which are not inconsistent with
the District Court Rules. M.D.R. Rule 3-711. Pretrial
discovery under the District Court Rules (Md. Rules, Title 3,
Chapter 400) is not permitted in an action for summary
ejectment, forcible entry and detainer or holding over. M.D.R.
Rule 3-711.
C. Ejectment Action in Circuit Court
An ejectment action to recover possession of land is
brought in the Maryland Circuit court. C.J.P. 4-402.
Proceedings in Circuit Court are subject to the General
Provisions of the Maryland Rules, which apply to procedure in
all Maryland courts unless otherwise specifically provided. Md.
Rules (Volume 1), Title 1, General Provisions. G.P. Rule 1-101.
In addition, Circuit Court proceedings are subject to the
special rules of procedure for the Maryland Circuit Court,
except as otherwise specifically provided or necessarily
implied. Md. Rules (Volume 1), Title 2, Civil Procedure -
Circuit Court. (The Maryland Circuit Court Rules at Title 2 are
cited here as M.C.R. Rule \-\--.)
Ejectment actions in Circuit Court are also subject to
special provisions governing a Special Proceeding for Ejectment
in Maryland Rules Code Annotated (Volume 2), Chapter 1100
(Special Proceedings), Subtitle T (Ejectment), Rules T 40 to
T 46. (The special rules for an ejectment action are cited
Ejectment Rule T \-\--.)
In an action for ejectment, the plaintiff must prove title
and the right to possession. Green v. Pennsylvania R.R., 141
Md. 128, 118 A.127 (1922). While the typical cause of action
for eviction of a tenant by a landlord is a summary eviction
proceeding in the District Court, Maryland courts have held that
a landlord may also proceed against a tenant in Circuit Court in
accordance with the special ejectment rules in Subtitle T.
Messall v. Merlands Club, Inc., 244 Md. 18, 222 A.2d 627 (1966),
cert. denied, 386 U.S. 1009, 87 S.Ct. 1349, 18 L.Ed.2d 1435
(1967).
An action for ejectment is commenced in the Circuit Court,
since the District Court does not have jurisdiction to decide
the ownership of real property or of an interest in real
property. C.J.P. 4-402(b). A plea of not guilty by the
defendant in an ejectment action puts into issue the right to
4
MARYLAND: DUE PROCESS DETERMINATION
possession of the land as between the parties. Ejectment
Rule T42.b.
IV\. Analysis of Maryland Eviction Procedures for Each of the
Regulatory Due Process Elements
A. Summary Eviction Action in District Court
1\. Adequate notice to the tenant of the grounds for
terminating the tenancy and for eviction
(24 CFR § 966.53(c)(l))
In a District Court proceeding, the plaintiff is required
to file a complaint. M.D.R. Rule 3-302. A complaint is
specifically required in an action for breach of a lease. R.P.
8-402.1(a). For each summons to be issued, the plaintiff must
provide the clerk with a copy of the complaint and all
accompanying exhibits, as well as available information on the
name and location of the person to be served. M.D.R.
Rule 3-111.
The summons must contain the name and address of the
plaintiff and the defendant, the issue date, the time within
which it must be served, the assigned trial date, the time
within which the defendant must file a notice of intention to
defend, and notification to the defendant that failure to file
notice of intention to defend may result in a default judgment.
M.D.R. Rule 3-114(b).
Each averment of any pleading, including the complaint,
must be simple, concise and direct. M.D.R. Rule 3-303(b). In
alleging the cause of action, the complaint must state with
reasonable certainty, clearness and accuracy the nature of the
claim against the defendant. Smith v. Shiebeck, 180 Md. 412, 24
A.2d 795 (1942); Campbell v. Welsh, 54 Md. App. 614, 460 A.2d 76
(1983).
The summons and copy of the complaint must be delivered or
mailed to the defendant with a copy of each paper filed. M.D.R.
Rule 3-112(a). See additional service requirements at M.D.R.
Rules 3-121 to 3-126.
Under Maryland law, the tenant in a summary eviction action
brought in Maryland District Court has the right to adequate
notice of the grounds for eviction, as required by HUD\'s due
process definition at 966.53(c).
5
MARYLAND: DUE PROCESS DETERMINATION
2\. Right to be represented by counsel
(24 CFR 966.53(c)(2))
The right of a party to be represented by counsel in a
Maryland Court proceeding is specifically provided by the
Maryland Rules:
Unless otherwise expressly provided and when permitted by
law, a party\'s attorney may perform any act required or
permitted by these rules to be performed by that party.
G.P. Rule 1-331.
The District Court Rules also provide that \"an individual may
enter an appearance by an attorney . . . .\" M.D.R. Rule
3-131(a).
Under Maryland law, the tenant in a summary eviction action
brought in Maryland District Court has the right to be
represented by counsel, as required by HUD\'s due process
definition at 966.53(c).
3\. Opportunity for the tenant to refute the evidence
presented by the PHA, including the right to
confront and cross-examine witnesses
(24 CFR 966.53(c)(3))
Under Maryland caselaw, a party may cross-examine
witnesses, subject to direction of the court. The Maryland
Court of Appeals has stated that a party may pursue reasonable
cross-examination \"as a matter of right,\" if cross-examination
relates to the facts in issue in a case, or to the issues
themselves. Ridgeway Shopping Center, Inc. v. Seidman, 243 Md.
358, \-\--, 221 A.2d 393, 396 (1966). In Ridgeway, the court also
noted the important role of cross-examination in the
administration of justice.
In a civil case, a party may call an adverse party as a
witness, and may interrogate the adverse party as if on cross-
examination. C.J.P. 9-113. This provision allows a party to
interrogate an adverse party by leading questions, and to
contradict or impeach an adverse party. First Nat\'l. Realty
Corp. v. State Rds. Comm\'n., 255 Md. 605, 258 A.2d 419 (1969);
Coffey v. Derby Steel Co., 291 Md. 241, 434 A.2d 564 (1981).
Furthermore, the General Provisions of the Maryland Rules,
which govern proceedings in all State courts, provide that the
credibility of a witness may be attacked by any party.
6
MARYLAND: DUE PROCESS DETERMINATION
G.P. Rule 1-501. Thus, in a summary eviction action the tenant
defendant may attack the credibility of witnesses for the
plaintiff landlord. At trial, the tenant may also present any
objections to the plaintiff\'s evidence (e.g., that the testimony
is hearsay or otherwise inadmissible). M.D.R. 3-517.
Landlord witnesses may be impeached by cross-examination,
or by contradictory evidence or witnesses offered by the tenant.
The tenant may testify on issues in the case. A litigant is
competent to give evidence, and is not excluded from testifying
because of interest in the matter in question. C.J.P. 9-101.
To refute landlord evidence, the tenant may arrange the
issuance of subpoenas under the District Court Rules, to compel
testimony of witnesses or production of documents or other
tangible evidence at a court proceeding. M.D.R. Rule 3-510. If
testimony or production of evidence is necessary for purpose of
justice, the court may require production of the person or
evidence. M.D.R. Rule 3-514. A subpoena requires attendance at
a particular time and place to take the specified action. G.P.
Rule 1-202(x).
Under Maryland law, the tenant in a summary eviction action
brought in Maryland District Court has the right, as required by
HUD\'s due process definition at 966.53(c), to refute evidence
presented by the PHA, including the right to cross-examine
witnesses.
4\. Opportunity to present any affirmative legal or
equitable defense which the tenant may have
(24 CFR 966.53(c)(3))
The Maryland District Court Rules provide that a
defendant\'s notice to defend may raise \"any explanation or
ground of defense.\" M.D.R. Rule 3-307(a). In an action to
repossess the premises for breach of the lease, the tenant may
appear before the court (on a dated stated in the summmons) to
show cause, if any, why the tenant should not be required to
make restitution of the premises. R.P. Rule 8-402.1(a). In
the District Court proceeding, there is no legal limitation on
the tenant\'s right to present any available legal or equitable
defenses.
Under Maryland law, the tenant in a summary eviction action
brought in Maryland District Court has the right, as required by
HUD\'s due process definition at 966.53(c), to present any
available legal or equitable defense.
7
MARYLAND: DUE PROCESS DETERMINATION
5\. A decision on the merits (24 CFR 966.53(c)(4))
After trial of the case, a judgment is entered upon a
decision by the court denying or granting relief. M.D.R. Rule
3-601(a), cf. G.P. Rule 1-202(m). The District Court Rules
provide that:
in a contested trial, the judge, before or at the time
judgment is entered, shall dictate into the record or
prepare and file in the action a brief statement of the
reasons for the decision and the basis of determining any
damages.
M.D.R. Rule 3-522.
The judgment provisions of the Maryland Rules imply that the
judgment of the court must be on the merits - based on the law
and the evidence. In general, the procedural incidents of a
district court trial as defined in the Maryland Rules are
intended to lead to a decision on the merits upon the issues
framed by the complaint and defense.
M.D.R. Rule 3-519(b) provides for a summary judgment
procedure in which:
the court may proceed to determine the facts and render
judgment against the plaintiff or may decline to render
judgment until the close of all the evidence.
Disposition of the case on a motion for summary judgment,
accelerates a decision on the merits.
M.D.R. Rule 3-534 provides that a party may move to alter
or amend a judgment. On such a motion, the court may open the
judgment to receive additional evidence, adopt new findings or
reasons, or enter a new judgment. This procedure for revision
of the judgment previously rendered by the court helps assure
that the decision is correctly rendered on the merits.
The Maryland Rules provide the tenant in a summary eviction
action in District Court with the right to a decision on the
merits, as required by HUD\'s due process definition at
966.53(c).
8
MARYLAND DUE PROCESS DETERMINATION
B. Ejectment Action in Circuit Court
1\. Adequate Notice of the Grounds for Terminating
the Tenancy and for Eviction ( 966.53(c)(1))
Complaint
The pleadings and process required for commencement of a
action under the Maryland Circuit Court Rules (M.C.R.) (Title 2
of the Maryland Rules) give a tenant adequate notice of the
grounds for terminating the tenancy and for eviction.
In a Circuit Court proceeding, the plaintiff\'s cause of
action is stated in the complaint. M.C.R. Rules 2-302, M.C.R.
Rule 2-303, and M.C.R. Rule 2-305. The complaint states all
averments of the plaintiff\'s cause of action. M.C.R. Rule
2-303(a). Each averment of the pleading must be \"simple,
concise, and direct,\" and contain statements of fact as may be
necessary to show the plaintiff\'s entitlement to relief. M.C.R.
Rule 2-303(b). Like other pleadings, the complaint must
\"contain a clear statement of the facts necessary to constitute
a cause of action and a demand for judgment for relief sought.\"
M.C.R. Rule 2-305. In alleging the cause of action, the
complaint must state with reasonable certainty, clearness and
accuracy the nature of the claim against the defendant. Smith
v\. Shiebeck, 180 Md. 412, 24 A.2d 795 (1942); Campbell v. Welsh,
54 Md. App. 614, 460 A.2d 76 (1983).
Service
Service requirements for a Circuit Court Action are stated
in Chapter 100 of Title 2 of the Maryland Rules (M.C.R. Rules
2-121 to 2-126).
Ejectment is a quasi in rem action. Greenbelt Consumer
Services, Inc. v. Acme Markets, Inc., 322 A.2d 521, 525 (Md.
App. 1974); Rest. Judgments 32a. HUD infers that the
complaint in such an action may be served by in personam service
as in other Circuit Court civil actions in accordance with
M.C.R. Rule 2-121. However, for a quasi in rem action where the
plaintiff has shown that whereabouts of the defendant are
unknown and that \"reasonable efforts have been made in good
faith to locate the defendant,\" the court may authorize service
pursuant to the special service procedures provided in M.C.R.
Rule 2-122. In such case, M.C.R. Rule 2-122 permits notice by
first class mail combined with other alternative forms of notice
stated in the rule. HUD finds that either in personam service
under M.C.R. Rule 2-121, or the alternative form of service
allowed under M.C.R. Rule 2-122 (where the plaintiff is unable
9
MARYLAND DUE PROCESS DETERMINATION
to accomplish in personam service pursuant to M.C.R. Rule
2-121), would provide adequate notice to a defendant.
Conclusion
Under Maryland law, the tenant in an ejectment action
brought in Maryland Circuit Court has the right to adequate
notice of the grounds for eviction, as required by HUD\'s due
process definition at 966.53(c).
2\. Right to Counsel (Section 966.53(c)(3))
The right of a party to be represented by counsel in a
Maryland court proceeding is specifically provided by the
general provisions of the Maryland Rules:
Unless otherwise expressly provided and when permitted by
law, a party\'s attorney may perform any act required or
permitted by these rules to be performed by that party.
G.P. Rule 1-331.
The Circuit Court Rules also provide that \"an individual may
enter an appearance by an attorney . . . .\" M.C.R. Rule
2-131(a).
Under Maryland law, the tenant in an ejectment action
brought in Maryland Circuit Court has the right to be
represented by counsel, as required by HUD\'s due process
definition at 966.53(c).
3\. Opportunity for the Tenant to Refute the Evidence
Presented by the PHA including the Right to
Confront and Cross-examine Witnesses
( 966.53(c)(4))
Under Maryland caselaw, a party may cross-examine
witnesses, subject to direction of the court. The Maryland
Court of Appeals has stated that a party may pursue reasonable
cross-examination \"as a matter of right,\" if cross-examination
relates to the facts in issue in a case, or to the issues
themselves. Ridgeway Shopping Center, Inc. v. Seidman, 243 Md.
358, \-\--, 221 A.2d 393, 396 (1966). In Ridgeway, the court also
noted the important role of cross-examination in the
administration of justice.
In a civil case, a party may call an adverse party as a
witness, and interrogate the adverse party as if on cross-
examination. C.J.P. 9-113. Under this provision, an adverse
party may be interrogated by leading questions, may be
10
MARYLAND DUE PROCESS DETERMINATION
contradicted and may be impeached. First Nat\'l. Realty Corp. v.
State Rds. Comm\'n., 255 Md. 605, 258 A.2d 419 (1969); Coffey v.
Derby Steel Co., 291 Md. 241, 434 A.2d 564 (1981).
Furthermore, the General Provisions of the Maryland Rules,
which govern proceedings in State courts, provide that the
credibility of a witness may be attacked by any party.
G.P. Rule 1-501. Thus, in a summary eviction action the tenant
defendant may attack the credibility of witnesses for the
plaintiff landlord. At trial, the tenant may also present any
objections to the plaintiff\'s evidence (e.g., that the testimony
is hearsay or otherwise inadmissible). M.C.R. Rule 2-517.
Landlord witnesses may be impeached by cross-examination,
or by contradictory evidence or witnesses offered by the tenant.
The tenant may testify on issues in the case. A litigant is
competent to give evidence, and is not excluded from testifying
because of interest in the matter in question. C.J.P. 9-101.
To refute landlord evidence, the tenant may arrange the
issuance of subpoenas under the Circuit Court Rules to compel
testimony of witnesses or production of documents or other
tangible evidence at a court proceeding. M.C.R. Rule 2-510. If
testimony or production of evidence is necessary for purpose of
justice, the court may require production of the person or
evidence. M.C.R. Rule 2-514. A subpoena requires attendance at
a particular time and place to take the specified action. G.P.
Rule 1-202(x). To obtain information and evidence for
refutation of the plaintiff\'s case, the defendant may obtain
discovery by depositions, interrogatories, or production of
documents. M.C.R. Rule 2-401. A party may obtain discovery of
any non-privileged matter. M.C.R. Rule 2-402(a).
Under Maryland law, the tenant in an ejectment action
brought in Maryland Circuit Court has the opportunity to refute
evidence presented by the PHA, as required by HUD\'s due process
definition at 966.53(c).
4\. Opportunity to Present Any Affirmative Legal or
Equitable Defenses ( 966.53(c)(4))
A tenant-defendant may file an answer to the complaint.
M.C.R. Rule 2-323(a). The defendant may raise every defense of
law or fact to a claim for relief in a complaint, including
specific and general denials and affirmative defenses such as
estoppel, fraud, illegality and laches. M.C.R. Rule 2-323. In
addition, M.C.R. Rule 2-303 provides that \"a party may also
state as many separate claims or defenses as the party has,
regardless of consistency and whether based on legal or
equitable grounds.\"
11
MARYLAND DUE PROCESS DETERMINATION
In an ejectment action, the defendant may plead in answer
to the plaintiff\'s declaration. Defendant\'s not guilty plea
puts \"the right to possession of the land\" into issue as between
the parties. Ejectment Rule T42 (defenses).
Under Maryland law, the tenant in an ejectment action
brought by the landlord in Maryland Circuit Court has the
opportunity to raise any available affirmative legal or
equitable defense, as required by HUD\'s due process definition
at 966.53(c).
C. Decision on the Merits ( 966.53(c)(5))
After trial of the case, a judgment is entered upon a
decision of the court denying or granting relief. M.C.R.
Rule 2-601(a). The clerk of court enters a record of the
judgment. M.C.R. Rule 2-601(b). The structure and incidents of
the court procedures governing an ejectment action in the
Circuit Court imply that the procedures are intended to lead to
a determination on the merits - a decision based on the facts
and the law.
In a case tried to a jury, the facts are found by the jury
pursuant to instruction by the court upon the law of the case.
M.C.R. Rule 2-520. The court may refer to or summarize the
evidence. However, the jury is the sole judge of the facts, the
weight of the evidence, and the credibility of the witnesses.
M.C.R. Rule 2-520(d). The jury\'s finding of the facts must be
based on the evidence. M.C.R. Rule 2-521. The court may
require the jury to return written findings upon specific
issues. M.C.R. Rule 2-522(c). Where the facts are tried to the
court, the court must determine both the facts and the law. See
M.C.R. Rule 2-522(a).
M.C.R. Rule 2-519(b) provides for a summary judgment
procedure in which:
the court may proceed, as the trier of fact, to determine
the facts and to render judgment against the plaintiff or
may decline to enter judgment until the close of all the
evidence.
This procedure accelerates a determination on the merits of the
cause.
M.C.R. Rule 2-534 provides that in an action tried to the
court, a party may move to alter or amend a judgment. On such a
motion, the court may open the judgment to receive additional
evidence, adopt new findings or reasons, or enter a new
judgment. This procedure for revision of the judgment
12
MARYLAND DUE PROCESS DETERMINATION
previously rendered by the court helps assure that the decision
is correctly rendered on the merits.
Under Maryland law, the tenant in an ejectment action
brought in Maryland Circuit Court is entitled to a decision on
the merits, as required by HUD\'s due process definition at
966.53(c).
V. Conclusion
Maryland law governing the following eviction procedures
requires that the tenant have the opportunity for a pre-eviction
hearing in court which provides the basic elements of due
process, as defined in 24 CFR 966.53(c) of the HUD
regulations:
\(1\) An action for summary eviction in the Maryland
District Court under Title 8, Subtitle 4 ( 8-401 to
8-403) of the Maryland Real Property Code, or
\(2\) An action for ejectment in the Maryland Circuit Court
under 4-402 of the Maryland Courts and Judicial
Procedure Code and Subtitle T (Ejectment) ( T40 to
T46) of Chapter 1100 of the Maryland Rules (volume 2
(1991)).
By virtue of this due process determination under section
6(k) of the U.S. Housing Act of l937, a PHA in Maryland may
evict a public housing tenant pursuant to the court\'s decision
in a District Court action for summary eviction or a Circuit
Court action for ejectment, for any criminal activity that
threatens the health, safety, or right to peaceful enjoyment of
the premises of other tenants or employees of the PHA or any
drug-related criminal activity on or near the premises. The PHA
is not required to first afford the tenant the opportunity for
an administrative hearing on the eviction.
13
| en |
converted_docs | 157103 | **rcg -2/6 dATE: 15/07/02**
**International RADAR CORRESPONDENCE gROUP**
WORK PROGRAM
**draft revision of question itu-r 202-2/8**
unwanted emissions of primary radar systems
WRC-03 Agenda Item 1.8.1 and wrc-05/06
+-----+-------------------+------------------+----------+--------------+
| # | # QUESTION | ## | # ADMINI | # STA |
| DEC | | | STRATION | TUS/COMMENTS |
| IDE | | **CONTRIBUTION** | | |
| S N | | | | |
| O. | | | | |
+-----+-------------------+------------------+----------+--------------+
| # 1 | What are the | # Reduct | # | # Rec. |
| | unwanted emission | ions of Spurious | | ITU-R M.1314 |
| | levels from | Emissions of Ra | # | |
| | existing and | dar Systems Oper | | # |
| | state-of-the-art | ating in the 3 a | # | |
| | radar systems | nd 5 GHz Bands. | | # |
| | below 26 GHz | | # | |
| | taking into | # | | # |
| | account: | | # U.S. | |
| | | # Study of | | # [W |
| | a\) radar | unwanted emissio | | ork Program |
| | missions such as | ns of radiodeter | | Doc. 8B/222] |
| | safety of life, | mination radars. | | {.underline} |
| | radionavigation, | | | |
| | surveillance, | | | |
| | tracking, etc.; | | | |
| | | | | |
| | b\) type and size | | | |
| | of the platform | | | |
| | (e.g. fixed, | | | |
| | mobile, | | | |
| | shipborne, | | | |
| | airborne, etc.); | | | |
| | | | | |
| | c\) available | | | |
| | technologies; and | | | |
| | | | | |
| | d\) economic | | | |
| | considerations? | | | |
+-----+-------------------+------------------+----------+--------------+
| # 2 | What mitigation | # | # | # Rec. |
| | options, such as | | | ITU-R M.1314 |
| | the choice of | | | |
| | output device, | | | |
| | could be taken | | | |
| | into | | | |
| | consideration in | | | |
| | the design and | | | |
| | implementation of | | | |
| | radar systems to | | | |
| | reduce radar | | | |
| | spurious | | | |
| | emissions, and | | | |
| | what are their | | | |
| | associated | | | |
| | impacts on | | | |
| | operational | | | |
| | performance | | | |
| | (bandwidth, | | | |
| | coherency, etc.) | | | |
| | expected | | | |
| | lifetime, | | | |
| | relative cost, | | | |
| | weight, size and | | | |
| | mechanical | | | |
| | ruggedness? | | | |
+-----+-------------------+------------------+----------+--------------+
| # 3 | What unwanted | # | # | # Rec. |
| | emission levels | | | ITU-R M.1314 |
| | can be achieved | | | |
| | using these | | | |
| | mitigation | | | |
| | options, and what | | | |
| | compatibility can | | | |
| | then be achieved | | | |
| | with other radio | | | |
| | services? | | | |
+-----+-------------------+------------------+----------+--------------+
| # 4 | Boundary between | # Liaison | # Study | # Do |
| | spurious and | Statement from | Group 1 | cument 8B/47 |
| | out-of-band | Working Party 1A | | |
| | emissions for | | | |
| | radars (WRC-03 | | | |
| | Agenda Item | | | |
| | 1.8.1) | | | |
+-----+-------------------+------------------+----------+--------------+
| # 5 | Working Document | # | # U.S. | # Doc. 8B/32 |
| | Towards Proposed | Liaison Stateme | | |
| | Revision to | nt from TG 1/5, | France | Doc. 8B/65 |
| | Recommendation | Document 8B/109, | | |
| | ITU-R M.1177 | 1 October 1999. | U.S. | Doc. 8B/121 |
| | | | | |
| | | | A | Doc. |
| | | | ustralia | 8 |
| | | | | B/149(Rev.1) |
| | | | U.K. | |
| | | | | Doc. 8B/159 |
| | | | Japan | |
| | | | | Doc. 8B/166 |
| | | | Cha | |
| | | | irman\'s | Doc. 8B/184 |
| | | | Rpt | Attach. 8 |
+-----+-------------------+------------------+----------+--------------+
#
**draft revision to question ITU-R 216-1/8**
COMPATIBILITY OF RADIONAVIGATION, EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (ACTIVE),
sPACE rESEARCH (aCTIVE), AND RADIOLOCATION SERVICES OPERATING IN THE
BAND 5 350-5 650 MHz AND COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN THE RADIONAVIGATION AND
RADIOLOCATION SERVICES IN THE BAND 2900-3100 MHz
# AGENDA ITEMS 1.17 and 1.5 WRC-03 (RESOLUTION 736, WRC-00)
+-----+-------------------+-----------------+----------+--------------+
| # | # QUESTION | ## | # | # STA |
| DEC | | | ADMINIS | TUS/COMMENTS |
| IDE | | * | TRA-TION | |
| S N | | *CONTRIBUTION** | | |
| O. | | | | |
+-----+-------------------+-----------------+----------+--------------+
| # 1 | # Wh | # Technic | U.S. | # Doc.8B/16 |
| | at are the techni | al Characterist | | |
| | cal characteristi | ics of Maritime | U.K. | Doc. 8B/160 |
| | cs, protection cr | Radionavigatio | | |
| | iteria, and other | n Radars (Draft | Ch | Doc. 8B/184, |
| | factors of radio | Revision Rec. | airman's | Attach. 10 |
| | location and radi | ITU-R M.1313-1) | Rpt | |
| | onavigation servi | | | # |
| | ces needed to con | # Characteris | U.S. | |
| | duct studies of c | tics of and Pro | | # Doc.8B/36 |
| | ompatibility betw | tection Criteri | Ch | |
| | een these service | a for Radioloca | airman's | Doc. 8B/184, |
| | s in the bands 2 | tion, Aeronauti | Rpt | Attach.4 |
| | 900‑3 100 MHz and | cal Radionaviga | | |
| | 5 350-5 650 MHz? | tion, and Meteo | U.S. | # |
| | | rological Radar | | Doc. 8B/210 |
| | | s Operating in | | |
| | | the Frequency B | | |
| | | ands Between 52 | | |
| | | 50 and 5850 MHz | | |
| | | | | |
| | | Study of | | |
| | | Protection | | |
| | | Criteria | | |
+-----+-------------------+-----------------+----------+--------------+
| # 2 | What is the | # St | # U.S. | # Doc. 8B/72 |
| | feasibility of | udy of Interfer | | |
| | sharing between | ence Suppressio | U.S. | ### |
| | the radiolocation | n Circuitry (Re | | Doc. 8B/124 |
| | and | v ITU-R M.1372) | U.S. CPM | |
| | radionavigation | | Text | ## |
| | services in the | # Compati | | # Doc.8B/112 |
| | 2900-3100 MHz | bility Analysis | ICAO CPM | |
| | band? | and Measuremen | Text | ## |
| | | ts between Mari | | # Doc.8B/171 |
| | | time Radionavig | U.S. | |
| | | ation and Radio | | Doc. 8B/207 |
| | | location Radars | U.S. | |
| | | | | Doc. 8B/209 |
| | | Compatibility | | |
| | | Analysis | | |
| | | between | | |
| | | Aeronautical | | |
| | | Radionavigation | | |
| | | and | | |
| | | Radiolocation | | |
| | | Radars | | |
+-----+-------------------+-----------------+----------+--------------+
| # 3 | What is the | # | # U.S. | # Doc. 8B/72 |
| | feasibility of | | | |
| | sharing between | | U.S. | ### |
| | the aeronautical | | | Doc. 8B/209 |
| | radionavigation | | | |
| | and radiolocation | | | |
| | services in the | | | |
| | 5350-5470 MHz | | | |
| | band? | | | |
+-----+-------------------+-----------------+----------+--------------+
| # 4 | # What is the fe | # | # U.S. | # Doc. 8B/72 |
| | asibility of shar | | | |
| | ing between the r | | U.S. | ### |
| | adionavigation an | | | Doc. 8B/209 |
| | d radiolocation s | | | |
| | ervices in the 54 | | | |
| | 60-5470 MHz band? | | | |
+-----+-------------------+-----------------+----------+--------------+
| # 5 | What is the | # | # U.S. | # Doc.8B/72 |
| | feasibility of | | | |
| | sharing between | | U.S. | ### |
| | the maritime | | | Doc. 8B/209 |
| | radionavigation | | | |
| | and radiolocation | | | |
| | services in the | | | |
| | 5470-5650 MHz | | | |
| | band? | | | |
+-----+-------------------+-----------------+----------+--------------+
| # 6 | What is the | # Sharin | # U.K. | # Doc.8B/ |
| | feasibility of | g Between HIPER | | 68, 8B/TEMP/ |
| | sharing between | LANS and Radars | Liaison | 41 page 6 Se |
| | the mobile (RLAN) | | Stat. | c. 2.2.3.1.3 |
| | and radiolocation | | | |
| | services in the | | Draft | Doc. 8B/105 |
| | 5470-5650 MHz | | CPM Text | |
| | band? | | | Doc. 8B/109 |
| | | | U.S. | |
| | | | | Doc.8B/110, |
| | | | Germany | 111, 112 |
| | | | | |
| | | | Canada | Doc. 8B/131 |
| | | | | |
| | | | JRG | Doc. 8B/203 |
| | | | 8A-9B | |
| | | | | Doc. 8B/216 |
| | | | U.S. | |
| | | | | Doc. 8B/218 |
| | | | JRG | |
| | | | 8A-9B | Doc. 8B/221 |
| | | | | |
| | | | Canada | Doc. 8B/245 |
| | | | | |
| | | | U.S. | Doc. 8B/252 |
+-----+-------------------+-----------------+----------+--------------+
| # 7 | What is the | # | # Liais | # |
| | feasibility of | | on Stat. | Doc. 8B/106 |
| | sharing between | | | |
| | Earth | | | |
| | Expl | | | |
| | oration-Satellite | | | |
| | service (active) | | | |
| | and Space | | | |
| | Research (active) | | | |
| | and | | | |
| | r | | | |
| | adiodetermination | | | |
| | service in the | | | |
| | frequency range | | | |
| | 5460-5570 MHz. | | | |
+-----+-------------------+-----------------+----------+--------------+
#
### **QUESTION ITU-R 226/8**
###
### CHARACTERISTICS OF AND PROTECTION CRITERIA FOR RADARS OPERATING IN THE RADIODETERMINATION SERVICE
+-----+-------------------+-----------------+----------+--------------+
| # | # QUESTION | ## | # ADMINI | # STA |
| DEC | | | STRATION | TUS/COMMENTS |
| IDE | | * | | |
| S N | | *CONTRIBUTION** | | |
| O. | | | | |
+-----+-------------------+-----------------+----------+--------------+
| # 1 | # What are the | # | # | # Rec. |
| | appropriate analy | | | ITU-R M.1461 |
| | sis procedures ne | | Austria | |
| | eded to conduct d | | | Doc. 8B/137, |
| | etailed compatibi | | ICAO and | 138 & 139 |
| | lity studies betw | | | |
| | een radars operat | | EUROCON- | Doc. 8B/150 |
| | ing in the radiod | | | |
| | etermination serv | | TROL | |
| | ice and systems i | | | |
| | n other services? | | # | |
+-----+-------------------+-----------------+----------+--------------+
| # 2 | What are the | # Marit | U.K. | # Rec. |
| | technical and | ime Radar Bands | | ITU-R M.1313 |
| | operational | | France | |
| | characteristics | 420-450 MHz | | Doc. 8B/XX |
| | of , and | Band | U.S. | |
| | protection | | | Rec. ITU-R |
| | criteria for | 1215-1400 MHz | U.K. | M.1462 |
| | radars operating | Band | | |
| | in the | | Austria | Rec. ITU-R |
| | r | 2700-2900 MHz | | M.1463 |
| | adiodetermination | Band | ICAO & | |
| | service needed to | | EUROCON- | Doc. 8B/153 |
| | perform detailed | # | | |
| | studies of | | TROL | Rec. ITU-R |
| | compatibility? | 2900-3100 MHz | | M.1464 |
| | | Band | France | |
| | | | | Doc. 8B/31, |
| | | 3100-3700 MHz | Germany | 123 |
| | | Band | | |
| | | | Germany | Doc. 8B/992 |
| | | 31.8-33.4 GHz | | |
| | | Band | Germany | Doc. 8B/137 |
| | | | | & 138 |
| | | Revision to | Ch | |
| | | Rec. ITU-R | airman's | Doc. 8B/150 |
| | | M.1464 | Report | |
| | | | | Doc. 8B/153 |
| | | PDNR 5250-5850 | U.S. | |
| | | MHz | | Doc. 8B/217 |
| | | | Ch | |
| | | PDNR 33.4-36 | airman's | Rec. ITU-R |
| | | GHz | Report | M.1460 |
| | | | | |
| | | | U.S. | Doc. 8B/217 |
| | | | | |
| | | | U.K. | Rec. ITU-R |
| | | | | M.1465 |
| | | | U.S. | |
| | | | | Doc. 8B/217 |
| | | | Ch | |
| | | | airman's | Rec. ITU-R |
| | | | Report | M.1466 |
| | | | | |
| | | | U.S.. | Doc. 8B/184 |
| | | | | Attach. 13 |
| | | | | 8B/92, |
| | | | | 8B/TEMP/44 |
| | | | | |
| | | | | Doc.8B/261 |
| | | | | Attach. 4 |
| | | | | |
| | | | | Doc. 8B/37 |
| | | | | |
| | | | | Doc. 8B/79 |
| | | | | |
| | | | | Doc. 8B/210 |
| | | | | |
| | | | | Doc.8B/184, |
| | | | | Attach. 9 |
| | | | | |
| | | | | Doc. 8B/126 |
+-----+-------------------+-----------------+----------+--------------+
| # 2 | | | | |
+-----+-------------------+-----------------+----------+--------------+
| # | # | # Study of pr | # France | # Doc |
| | | otection criter | | . 8B/63, 153 |
| | | ia for radionav | U.S. | |
| | | igation radars. | | Doc. 8B/77 |
| | | | U.S. | |
| | | | | Studies |
| | | | Austria | planned |
| | | | | |
| | | | | Doc. 8B/137, |
| | | | | 138 & |
| | | | | |
| | | | | 139 |
+-----+-------------------+-----------------+----------+--------------+
**WRC-03 Agenda Item 1.24**
Resolution 733 (WRC-2000) 13.75-14 GHz
# Joint Task Group 4-7-8
#
+-----+-------------------+-----------------+----------+--------------+
| # R | # RESOLUTION | ## | # ADMINI | # STA |
| eso | | | STRATION | TUS/COMMENTS |
| lve | | * | | |
| s t | | *CONTRIBUTION** | | |
| o I | | | | |
| nvi | | | | |
| te | | | | |
| ITU | | | | |
| -R | | | | |
+-----+-------------------+-----------------+----------+--------------+
| # 1 | To conduct | # Working | # Chairm | # Doc. 8B/1 |
| | studies as a | document towar | an's Rpt | 84 Attach. 7 |
| | matter of urgency | ds a PDNR on Ch | | |
| | and in time for | aracteristics o | U.S. | ## |
| | consideration by | f and Protectio | | # Doc. 8B/40 |
| | WRC-03 , on the | n Criteria for | Liaison | |
| | sharing | Radiolocation R | Stat. | Doc. 8B/93 |
| | conditions | adars in the 13 | | |
| | indicated in Nos. | .75-14 GHz Band | Liaison | Doc. 8B/102 |
| | S5.502 and | | Stat. | |
| | S5.503, with a | Administrative | | Doc. 8B/125 |
| | view to reviewing | Circular CA/89 | U.S. | |
| | the constraints | | | Doc. 8B/119 |
| | in No. S5.502 | | U.S. | |
| | regarding the | | | Information |
| | minimum antenna | | | incorporated |
| | diameter of GSO | | | in PDNR |
| | FSS earth | | | |
| | stations and the | | | |
| | constraints of | | | |
| | the e.i.r.p. of | | | |
| | the radiolocation | | | |
| | service | | | |
+-----+-------------------+-----------------+----------+--------------+
| # 2 | To develop and | # Wo | # France | # |
| | study, in time | rk of JTG 4-7-8 | | Doc. 8B/135 |
| | for consideration | | JTG | |
| | by WRC-03, | | 4-7-8 | Doc. 8B/192 |
| | possible | | | |
| | alternative | | Various | Numerous |
| | sharing | | Adminis | c |
| | conditions to | | trations | ontributions |
| | those indicated | | | and |
| | in Nos. S5.502 | | | chairman's |
| | and S5.503. | | | report of |
| | | | | |
| | | | | JTG 4-7-8 |
+-----+-------------------+-----------------+----------+--------------+
**WRC-03 Agenda Item 1.15, resolution 606 (wrc-2000)**
Sharing between RNSS, raDIONAVIGATION AND RADIOLOCATION IN THE bAND
1215-1300 mhZ
+-------+------------------+-----------------+----------+--------------+
| # | # RESOLUTION | ## | # ADMINI | # STA |
| Reso | | | STRATION | TUS/COMMENTS |
| lves | | * | | |
| to in | | *CONTRIBUTION** | | |
| vite | | | | |
| ITU-R | | | | |
+-------+------------------+-----------------+----------+--------------+
| # 1 | to conduct, as a | # Asse | # France | # Doc. 8B/64 |
| | matter of | ssment of the i | | |
| | urgency and in | nterference fro | Fra | Assigned to |
| | time for WRC-03, | m RNSS into Rad | nce/CEPT | RCG |
| | the appropriate | ars in the 1215 | | |
| | technical, | -1300 MHz Band. | U.S. | CA/102 |
| | operational and | | | |
| | regulatory | Liaison | U.S. | Doc. 8B/130 |
| | studies, | Statement from | | |
| | including an | Working Party | France | ### |
| | assessment of | 8D, Doc. 8B/96 | | Doc. 8B/130 |
| | the need for a | | U.K. | |
| | power | Administrative | | Doc. 8B/133 |
| | flux-density | Circular, | WP8D | |
| | limit concerning | CA/102, | | Doc. 8B/148 |
| | the operation on | requested | France | |
| | radionavi | administrations | | Doc. 8B/162 |
| | gation-satellite | and Sector | France | |
| | service | Members to | | ### |
| | (space-to-Earth) | supply data on | Germany | Doc. 8B/189 |
| | systems in the | sharing between | | |
| | 1215-1300 MHz in | the | Canada | ### |
| | order to ensure | radionavig | | Doc. 8B/232 |
| | that the | ation-satellite | Canada | |
| | radionavi | service | | ### |
| | gation-satellite | ( | | Doc. 8B/235 |
| | service | space-to-Earth) | | |
| | (space-to-Earth) | and | | ### |
| | will not cause | radiolocation/ | | Doc. 8B/249 |
| | harmful | radionavigation | | |
| | interference to | services | | ### |
| | the | allocated on a | | Doc. 8D/345 |
| | radionavigation | co-primary | | |
| | and the | basis | | ### |
| | radiolocation | in the 1 215 | | Doc. 8D/346 |
| | services | ‑1 260 MHz band | | |
| | | | | |
| | | Results of | | |
| | | CA/102 | | |
| | | | | |
| | | Compatibility | | |
| | | tests | | |
| | | | | |
| | | Theoretical | | |
| | | studies | | |
| | | | | |
| | | Assessment of | | |
| | | operational | | |
| | | impacts | | |
+-------+------------------+-----------------+----------+--------------+
**WRC-03 Agenda Item 1.25**
High Density fss allocation in the bAND 17.3-17.8 Ghz
+------+-----------------------+-------+------------+----------------+
| # | # RESOLUTION | # | | # S |
| Reso | | ADMIN | | TATUS/COMMENTS |
| lves | | ISTRA | | |
| to | | -TION | | |
| invi | | | | |
| te I | | | | |
| TU-R | | | | |
+------+-----------------------+-------+------------+----------------+
| # 1 | to consider, with a | | # WP 4A | # Doc. 8B/247 |
| | view to global | | | |
| | harmonization to the | | | |
| | greatest extent | | | |
| | possible, having due | | | |
| | regard to not | | | |
| | constraining the | | | |
| | development of other | | | |
| | services, and in | | | |
| | particular of the | | | |
| | fixed service an the | | | |
| | b | | | |
| | roadcasting-satellite | | | |
| | service (BSS), | | | |
| | regulatory provisions | | | |
| | an | | | |
| | p | | | |
| | ossibleidentification | | | |
| | of spectrum for | | | |
| | high-density systems | | | |
| | in the FSS above 17.3 | | | |
| | GHz , focusing | | | |
| | particularly of | | | |
| | frequency bands above | | | |
| | 19.7 GHz. | | | |
+------+-----------------------+-------+------------+----------------+
**WRC-06 Agenda Item 3.1**
Sharing between ARNS, meteorological radars and the mobile service in
2700-2900 MHz
+------+-------------------------------+------------+-----------------+
| # | # DELIVERABLE | # ADMI | # |
| Reso | | NISTRATION | STATUS/COMMENTS |
| lves | | | |
| to | | | |
| invi | | | |
| te I | | | |
| TU-R | | | |
+------+-------------------------------+------------+-----------------+
| # 1 | PDNR on Sharing between the | # U.S. | # Doc. 8B/7 |
| | Radionavigation Service and | | 8. Sent to WP8F |
| | Meteorological Radars and the | WP 3M | |
| | Mobile Service (IMT-2000) in | | Doc. 8B/173 |
| | the 2700-2900 MHz Band. | # Various | |
| | | | Doc. |
| | | | 8F/539,584, 615 |
+------+-------------------------------+------------+-----------------+
| # | Compatibility | Austria | # Do |
| | Measurements/Tests | | c. 8B/137 & 138 |
| | | . | |
+------+-------------------------------+------------+-----------------+
### **QUESTION ITU-R 232/9**
###
Assessment of sharing and mitigation options to facilitate the use of
the band 3 400-3 700 MHz by certain FWA and radiolocation systems
+-----+-------------------+-----------------+----------+--------------+
| # | # QUESTION | ## | # ADMINI | # STA |
| DEC | | | STRATION | TUS/COMMENTS |
| IDE | | * | | |
| S N | | *CONTRIBUTION** | | |
| O. | | | | |
+-----+-------------------+-----------------+----------+--------------+
| # 1 | What are the | # Need L | # | |
| | sharing | iaison Statemen | | |
| | conditions needed | t to appropriat | | |
| | to ensure | e Study Group 9 | | |
| | compatible | Working Party. | | |
| | operation between | | | |
| | fixed wireless | | | |
| | access systems in | | | |
| | the fixed service | | | |
| | and systems in | | | |
| | the radiolocation | | | |
| | service? | | | |
+-----+-------------------+-----------------+----------+--------------+
| # 2 | What mitigation | # | # | rt |
| | techniques could | | | |
| | be used to | | | |
| | protect fixed | | | |
| | wireless access | | | |
| | systems in the | | | |
| | 3 400-3 800 MHz | | | |
| | band? | | | |
+-----+-------------------+-----------------+----------+--------------+
| # 3 | What are the | # | # | |
| | appropriate | | | |
| | methods and | | | |
| | criteria for | | | |
| | ensuring | | | |
| | compatibility | | | |
| | between | | | |
| | radiolocation | | | |
| | systems and fixed | | | |
| | wireless access | | | |
| | systems? | | | |
+-----+-------------------+-----------------+----------+--------------+
| en |