task28_disease_entity_extraction_bc5cdr_dataset.json

{
    "Contributors": [
        "Ishani Mondal"
    ],
    "Source": [
        "BioCreative V"
    ],
    "URL": [
        "https://biocreative.bioinformatics.udel.edu/tasks/biocreative-v/track-3-cdr/"
    ],
    "Categories": [
        "Named Entity Recognition"
    ],
    "Reasoning": [],
    "Definition": [
        "In this task, you will be given a single sentence or a set of sentences. You have to recognize the name of the disorder or disease. Disease is a disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury. Although there might be several correct answers, you need to write one of them."
    ],
    "Input_language": [
        "English"
    ],
    "Output_language": [
        "English"
    ],
    "Instruction_language": [
        "English"
    ],
    "Domains": [
        "Medical Knowledge"
    ],
    "Positive Examples": [
        {
            "input": "I had been suffering from cardiovascular disorder.",
            "output": "cardiovascular disorder",
            "explanation": "Here, the person mentions this disorder which is related to heart issues."
        },
        {
            "input": "Acne is the most common skin condition in the United States, affecting up to 50 million Americans annually.",
            "output": "Acne",
            "explanation": "This is a pretty straightforward remark because it is related to filing taxes with minimal stress and is unrelated to irony or sarcasm."
        }
    ],
    "Negative Examples": [
        {
            "input": "I had been suffering from cardiovascular disorder",
            "output": "disorder",
            "explanation": "This is an incomplete disease mention, as it does not clearly mention the actual type of disorder."
        },
        {
            "input": "A 44-year-old man taking naproxen for chronic low back pain and a 20-year-old woman on oxaprozin for rheumatoid arthritis presented with tense bullae and cutaneous fragility on the face and the back of the hands.",
            "output": "naproxen",
            "explanation": "This is an incorrect tag as this is a mention of a medicine, not a disorder"
        }
    ],
    "Instances": [
        {
            "id": "task1449-76c5472d183449a9b4a6f8e9507a42d6",
            "input": " NS - 718 , a lipid nanosphere incorporating amphotericin B , is effective against pathogenic fungi and has low toxicity .",
            "output": [
                "toxicity"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-1e601b239b1f43dd9d81c509c5f0b395",
            "input": " We compared the toxicity of NS - 718 with that of Fungizone ( amphotericin B - sodium deoxycholate ; D - AmB ) in vitro using renal cell cultures and in vivo by biochemical analysis , histopathological study of the kidney and pharmacokinetic study of amphotericin B following intravenous infusion of the formulation in rats .",
            "output": [
                "toxicity"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-8440936c0d974682a3323533de4c50a6",
            "input": " Catalepsy was evaluated at the beginning and the end of the treatments .",
            "output": [
                "Catalepsy"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-f47336b0aec64679bf47d0cc3c0141bf",
            "input": " Six ( 12 % ) and 4 ( 8 % ) patients experienced grade 2 hand - foot syndrome and stomatitis , respectively ( no episodes of grade 3 ) .",
            "output": [
                "stomatitis"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-f516ffbe0bef47d1ae8e8b064bd5aee9",
            "input": " Although several new anticoagulant drugs are in development , heparin remains the anticoagulant of choice to treat acute thrombotic episodes .",
            "output": [
                "thrombotic"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-98db7fc25a7f41298aa0f1e8dc4009e8",
            "input": " In two of them , the MPO - ANCA titres transiently increased to 12 . 8 and 15 . 0 U / ml , respectively , despite continued PTU therapy , but no vasculitic disorders developed .",
            "output": [
                "vasculitic disorders"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-9925598d77104ddfbec81d4c66277d11",
            "input": " Toleration of high doses of angiotensin - converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with chronic heart failure : results from the ATLAS trial .",
            "output": [
                "heart failure"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-453f22259f2442409e7e9adafca8b586",
            "input": " dl - Sotalol preferentially prolonged action potential duration ( APD ) in M cells dose - dependently ( 1 to 100 micromol / L ) , leading to QT prolongation and an increase in TDR .",
            "output": [
                "QT prolongation"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-e868218849dd4322a68020b3998cddef",
            "input": " Cocaine , ethanol , and cocaethylene cardiotoxity in an animal model of cocaine and ethanol abuse .",
            "output": [
                "cardiotoxity"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-7af14b47f568477599c8e8f2b515ae06",
            "input": " The positive skin tests are in favour of immunological reactions and may help in diagnosis of allergy in the patients .",
            "output": [
                "allergy"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-8530224838304ba1b1a8099dc2a4710c",
            "input": " Thus , two control groups were generated : group C1 , which included age - and sex - comparable lithium - treated bipolar normocalcemic patients , and group C2 , which included bipolar normocalcemic patients treated with anticonvulsant mood stabilizers .",
            "output": [
                "bipolar"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-f6067ecefc8c475b9460c5ada4363445",
            "input": " CONCLUSIONS : PTU therapy may be related to the appearance of MPO - ANCA , but MPO - ANCA does not appear to be closely related to vasculitis .",
            "output": [
                "vasculitis"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-cb6b93b098e24909b93587cc5bb1b15d",
            "input": " Worsening of Parkinsonism after the use of veralipride for treatment of menopause : case report .",
            "output": [
                "Parkinsonism"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-d4beb3a339fb4c379db0386b33d91ed9",
            "input": " Effect of methoxamine on maximum urethral pressure in women with genuine stress incontinence : a placebo - controlled , double - blind crossover study .",
            "output": [
                "stress incontinence"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-5b61b976fe5a42ee92702fe584209c11",
            "input": " Half log incremental doses of intravenous methoxamine or placebo ( saline ) were administered to a group of women with genuine stress incontinence while measuring maximum urethral pressure ( MUP ) , blood pressure , heart rate , and symptomatic side effects .",
            "output": [
                "stress incontinence"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-93f927b81be94572b9eac89f9235da9a",
            "input": " The results indicate that the clinical usefulness of direct , peripherally acting sub - type - selective alpha1 - adrenoceptor agonists in the medical treatment of stress incontinence may be limited by associated piloerection and cardiovascular side effects .",
            "output": [
                "stress incontinence"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-bc891f6dd2984848b9ab8f67d11e7c0d",
            "input": " Viracept and irregular heartbeat warning .",
            "output": [
                "irregular heartbeat"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-b4a3da235ecb4996b877566dbe90bb99",
            "input": " Anorexigens and pulmonary hypertension in the United States : results from the surveillance of North American pulmonary hypertension .",
            "output": [
                "pulmonary hypertension"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-732a069b882e4a3ea36a36dd43c2dc08",
            "input": " MATERIALS AND METHODS : We conducted a prospective surveillance study on patients diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension at 12 large referral centers in North America .",
            "output": [
                "pulmonary hypertension"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-b71df04174c4407bb44f5cd6d2004968",
            "input": " Data collected on patients seen from September 1 , 1996 , to December 31 , 1997 , included the cause of the pulmonary hypertension and its severity .",
            "output": [
                "pulmonary hypertension"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-97c3a8c05e7947458e9b8385caa85ee4",
            "input": " The high prevalence of anorexigen use in patients with SPH also raises the possibility that these drugs precipitate pulmonary hypertension in patients with underlying conditions associated with SPH .",
            "output": [
                "pulmonary hypertension"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-c0eade184f624b39866fef20583e940e",
            "input": " Both dronedarone and amiodarone significantly reduced the exercise - induced tachycardia and , at the highest dose , decreased the isoproterenol - induced tachycardia .",
            "output": [
                "tachycardia"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-a55968155c614837a828ba02de824013",
            "input": " There was no difference in the maximum double product ( p = 0 . 53 ) or ST depression ( p = 0 . 63 ) with either form of stress .",
            "output": [
                "depression"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-f417dc4033cc431e8004573a6defda43",
            "input": " No necrosis was observed in cells treated with NCQ436 but NCQ344 had a biphasic effect in both cell types , inducing apoptosis at lower concentrations and necrosis at higher concentrations .",
            "output": [
                "necrosis"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-e09341a02c9740eb80a9db574076b0b3",
            "input": " The effect of pupil dilation with tropicamide on vision and driving simulator performance .",
            "output": [
                "pupil dilation"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-7de81db797f84598bc9465ba6bb03455",
            "input": " PURPOSE : To assess the effect of pupil dilation on vision and driving ability .",
            "output": [
                "pupil dilation"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-bfdff65b37374ddfbb3e47e136d7a0a3",
            "input": " METHODS : A series of tests on various parameters of visual function and driving simulator performance were performed on 12 healthy drivers , before and after pupil dilation using guttae tropicamide 1 % .",
            "output": [
                "pupil dilation"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-cab3b325a39b4549be96a88c0cb22347",
            "input": " A nephrostomy tube had to be placed in one of the patients for ureteral lithiasis in a single functional kidney .",
            "output": [
                "ureteral lithiasis"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-0254688405db4ab3aa7f7d1d7ce1eea8",
            "input": " We report a newborn infant with multiple congenital anomalies ( anotia and Taussig - Bing malformation ) due to exposure to isotretinoin within the first trimester .",
            "output": [
                "anotia"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-b2b7d1b8fa3e49cebd953472d656658c",
            "input": " Subgroups presumed to be at higher risk for ACE inhibitor intolerance ( blood pressure , < 120 mm Hg ; creatinine , > or = 132 . 6 micromol / L [ > or = 1 . 5 mg / dL ] ; age , > or = 70 years ; and patients with diabetes ) generally tolerated the high - dose strategy .",
            "output": [
                "diabetes"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-13ff36704dbc4f3c8e0ef318650d65fc",
            "input": " RESULTS : The patient had episodic deterioration of vision in both eyes , with clinical features resembling ischemic optic neuropathies .",
            "output": [
                "ischemic optic neuropathies"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-9efd1e12f86f444e962a4d9c4cd9779d",
            "input": " None of the patients had decompensated liver disease .",
            "output": [
                "liver disease"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-9560c97e3dfd49ceb57ddc9f9e14ccc9",
            "input": " A printout of all cases of hypercalcemia that presented during a 1 - year period was generated .",
            "output": [
                "hypercalcemia"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-54172e1902a94b419b30aedd00015d8e",
            "input": " RESULTS : Two of eight dogs in the C + E group experienced cardiovascular collapse .",
            "output": [
                "cardiovascular collapse"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-b4918ae5d028427e94957ff424a4680b",
            "input": " Induction of apoptosis by remoxipride metabolites in HL60 and CD34 + / CD19 - human bone marrow progenitor cells : potential relevance to remoxipride - induced aplastic anemia .",
            "output": [
                "aplastic anemia"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-377a6d30b01e42d88f46ac006b237282",
            "input": " The antipsychotic agent , remoxipride [ ( S ) - ( - ) - 3 - bromo - N - [ ( 1 - ethyl - 2 - pyrrolidinyl ) methyl ] - 2 , 6 - dimethoxybenz amide ] has been associated with acquired aplastic anemia .",
            "output": [
                "aplastic anemia"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-10f11da18ba340eabb530a11687de5af",
            "input": " We propose that remoxipride and benzene may induce aplastic anemia via production of similar reactive metabolites and that the ability of NCQ436 and NCQ344 to induce apoptosis in HBMP cells may contribute to the mechanism underlying acquired aplastic anemia that has been associated with remoxipride .",
            "output": [
                "aplastic anemia"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-21430a5e4afe40839118b25e182385ea",
            "input": " Deterioration of vision occurred despite discontinuation of the tacrolimus .",
            "output": [
                "Deterioration of vision"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-b982bcc5eae1473b8c36521eeb91d8d7",
            "input": " Downbeat nystagmus associated with intravenous patient - controlled administration of morphine .",
            "output": [
                "Downbeat nystagmus"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-7d5732e1c7604eb8b5a63ca9f8d07909",
            "input": " RESULTS : Pupillary dilation resulted in a statistically significant deterioration in CT and HCVA only .",
            "output": [
                "Pupillary dilation"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-6db4649e455c4ff691b204a407ca8295",
            "input": " CONCLUSIONS : Pupillary dilation may lead to a decrease in vision and daylight driving performance in young people .",
            "output": [
                "Pupillary dilation"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-f7c3e7b0eab94b9e98f7d43508e29f23",
            "input": " Phase 2 trial of liposomal doxorubicin ( 40 mg / m ( 2 ) ) in platinum / paclitaxel - refractory ovarian and fallopian tube cancers and primary carcinoma of the peritoneum .",
            "output": [
                "cancer"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-ee4f456211f1452fbeb9033b63d7d65a",
            "input": " Bradycardia occurred in a 45 - year - old male patient who was Viracept in combination with other anti - HIV drugs .",
            "output": [
                "Bradycardia"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-e6f1598b885a4563bd8586a9700c2df9",
            "input": " 7e exhibits a high reversal of catalepsy induced by haloperidol indicating its atypical antipsychotic nature .",
            "output": [
                "catalepsy"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-0a9c9fd9dbda4884b3017248e0d8495c",
            "input": " Sub - chronic inhibition of nitric - oxide synthesis modifies haloperidol - induced catalepsy and the number of NADPH - diaphorase neurons in mice .",
            "output": [
                "catalepsy"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-66cc21a02bf94f9d936f1f6624934932",
            "input": " RATIONALE : NG - nitro - L - arginine ( L - NOARG ) , an inhibitor of nitric - oxide synthase ( NOS ) , induces catalepsy in mice .",
            "output": [
                "catalepsy"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-eea4100f7f7a476c82af571165786358",
            "input": " Neuroleptic drugs such as haloperidol , which block dopamine receptors , also cause catalepsy in rodents .",
            "output": [
                "catalepsy"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-b40551afda6141b1ada8a8ce41a0a81d",
            "input": " OBJECTIVES : To investigate the effects of subchronic L - NOARG treatment in haloperidol - induced catalepsy and the number of NOS neurons in areas related to motor control .",
            "output": [
                "catalepsy"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-866699eb2375422a87ef5d70e884516f",
            "input": " RESULTS : L - NOARG sub - chronic administration produced tolerance of L - NOARG and of haloperidol - induced catalepsy .",
            "output": [
                "catalepsy"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-9944905cf65342c381d3578c370b6ee5",
            "input": " A case of bilateral optic neuropathy in a patient on tacrolimus ( FK506 ) therapy after liver transplantation .",
            "output": [
                "optic neuropathy"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-67d0d45a6840473ba22adf3bc4c72ee3",
            "input": " PURPOSE : To report a case of bilateral optic neuropathy in a patient receiving tacrolimus ( FK 506 , Prograf ; Fujisawa USA , Inc , Deerfield , Illinois ) for immunosuppression after orthotropic liver transplantation .",
            "output": [
                "optic neuropathy"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-37ea1ece60c2403aba5f4d4cd6493237",
            "input": " The present study examines the safety and tolerability of high - compared with low - dose lisinopril in CHF .",
            "output": [
                "CHF"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-b8c3e62ab3a14adfaae9c8508d756ccf",
            "input": " Patients with New York Heart Association classes II to IV CHF and left ventricular ejection fractions of no greater than 0 . 30 ( n = 3164 ) were randomized and followed up for a median of 46 months .",
            "output": [
                "CHF"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-d5212d91623847deacc73ebad183267f",
            "input": " CONCLUSIONS : These findings demonstrate that ACE inhibitor therapy in most patients with CHF can be successfully titrated to and maintained at high doses , and that more aggressive use of these agents is warranted .",
            "output": [
                "CHF"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-2f99ad6837a244e8a83499398083609b",
            "input": " Hemodynamic and antiadrenergic effects of dronedarone and amiodarone in animals with a healed myocardial infarction .",
            "output": [
                "myocardial infarction"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-8ce8af2d9cb6479393b93792cb4e344b",
            "input": " The hemodynamic and antiadrenergic effects of dronedarone , a noniodinated compound structurally related to amiodarone , were compared with those of amiodarone after prolonged oral administration , both at rest and during sympathetic stimulation in conscious dogs with a healed myocardial infarction .",
            "output": [
                "myocardial infarction"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-d2cdd8df2a684903a4344f84c3d75ab8",
            "input": " The cardioprotective effect of the ethanol extract of Picrorrhiza kurroa rhizomes and roots ( PK ) on isoproterenol - induced myocardial infarction in rats with respect to lipid metabolism in serum and heart tissue has been investigated .",
            "output": [
                "myocardial infarction"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-15b76c99e2854bd28ff88acc882d0778",
            "input": " Oral pre - treatment with PK ( 80 mg kg ( - 1 ) day ( - 1 ) for 15 days ) significantly prevented the isoproterenol - induced myocardial infarction and maintained the rats at near normal status .",
            "output": [
                "myocardial infarction"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-2df7772ff8c842efaab3ad137b54054f",
            "input": " Onset of hyperammonemic encephalopathy varied from 0 . 5 to 5 days ( mean : 2 . 6 + / - 1 . 3 days ) after the initiation of chemotherapy .",
            "output": [
                "hyperammonemic encephalopathy"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-6478aa6812894992aecb7b9ac480d4c0",
            "input": " In conclusion , hyperammonemic encephalopathy can occur in patients receiving continuous infusion of 5 - FU .",
            "output": [
                "hyperammonemic encephalopathy"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-b06ec86fd2da45c1af8baf490fe86be0",
            "input": " Bleeding is the primary untoward effect of heparin .",
            "output": [
                "Bleeding"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-cfb6e705dfb1425c8c37cbf60f17039c",
            "input": " Findings consistent with coronary artery disease were detected in 12 ( 34 % ) patients and 3 ( 9 % ) controls ( p = 0 . 01 ) .",
            "output": [
                "coronary artery disease"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-22b6fa967fe341e490a787102c3a5907",
            "input": " Major bleeding is of primary concern in patients receiving heparin therapy .",
            "output": [
                "bleeding"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-12630cb0729b4fa89465c836414ee36d",
            "input": " The primary efficacy measure was the Young - Mania Rating Scale ( Y - MRS ) total score .",
            "output": [
                "Mania"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-2b299f1a7f624e66863cad60f2688c66",
            "input": " Heparin , first used to prevent the clotting of blood in vitro , has been clinically used to treat thrombosis for more than 50 years .",
            "output": [
                "thrombosis"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-8dfdf718e7c04fa0805b049665f291c3",
            "input": " DESIGN : A randomised crossover study of recovery time of systolic and diastolic left ventricular function after exercise and dobutamine induced ischaemia .",
            "output": [
                "ischaemia"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-8c5df7cea00541359db29a5bda9d9729",
            "input": " One patient developed grade 3 diarrhea requiring hospitalization for hydration .",
            "output": [
                "diarrhea"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-e544dbcad4904d46a59e0a91793fff7f",
            "input": " Prevalence of heart disease in asymptomatic chronic cocaine users .",
            "output": [
                "heart disease"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task1449-9ccc4a7c0aea49918630d3a6b96fb366",
            "input": " To determine the prevalence of heart disease in outpatient young asymptomatic chronic cocaine users , 35 cocaine users and 32 age - matched controls underwent resting and exercise electrocardiography ( ECG ) and Doppler echocardiography .",
            "output": [
                "heart disease"
            ]
        }
    ],
    "Instance License": [
        "Unknown"
    ]
}