Javtor/biomedical-topic-categorization-cased

Associations Between 30-Day Mortality, Specialist Nursing, and Daily Physician Ward Rounds in a National Stroke Registry. Background and Purpose- Well-organized stroke care is associated with better patient outcomes, but the most important organizational factors are unknown. Methods- Data were extracted from the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme of adults with acute stroke treated in stroke hospitals in England and Wales between April 2013 and March 2015. Multilevel models with random intercepts for hospitals were used to estimate the association of each variable with 30-day mortality to estimate the impact of admission to differently organized hospitals. Results- Of the 143 578 patients with acute stroke admitted to 154 hospitals, 14.4% died within 30 days of admission. In adjusted analyses, admission to hospitals with higher ratios of nurses trained in swallow screening was associated with reduced odds of death ( P=0.004), and admission to hospitals with daily physician ward rounds was associated with 10% lower odds of mortality compared with less-frequent ward rounds (95% CI, 0.82-0.98; P=0.013). Number of stroke admissions and overall ratio of registered nurses on duty at weekends were not found to be independently associated with mortality after adjustment for other factors. Conclusions- If these associations are causal, an extra 1332 deaths annually in England and Wales could be saved by hospitals providing care associated with a ratio of nurses trained in swallow screening of at least 3 per 10 beds and daily stroke physician ward rounds.

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The Quantified Behavioral Test Failed to Differentiate ADHD in Adolescents With Neurodevelopmental Problems. Objective: The Quantified Behavioral Test (QbTest) is a computerized diagnostic test for ADHD, used in clinical psychiatric care, but its validity may be questioned. We analyzed the QbTest's diagnostic validity and its relation to cognitive ability and psychosocial factors in an adolescent population with a high occurrence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Method: In total, 340 participants aged 15 years, completed the QbTest, along with questionnaires, clinical and intelligence quotient (IQ) assessments. Results: The clinical assessment resulted in 89 (26%) participants with ADHD. Area under curve (AUC) scores indicated a random to poor validity of the QbTest (AUC range = 0.48-0.64). QbTest scores of inattention and impulsivity correlated with IQ. Conclusion: The QbTest was insufficient as a diagnostic test for ADHD, and was not able to differentiate ADHD from other neurodevelopmental conditions. Clinicians should be aware of the dubious discriminating power of the QbTest.

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The Optimization of a Novel, Weak Bromo and Extra Terminal Domain (BET) Bromodomain Fragment Ligand to a Potent and Selective Second Bromodomain (BD2) Inhibitor. The profound efficacy, yet associated toxicity of pan-BET inhibitors is well documented. The possibility of an ameliorated safety profile driven by significantly selective (>100-fold) inhibition of a subset of the eight bromodomains is enticing, but challenging given the close homology. Herein, we describe the X-ray crystal structure-directed optimization of a novel weak fragment ligand with a pan-second bromodomain (BD2) bias, to potent and highly BD2 selective inhibitors. A template hopping approach, enabled by our parallel research into an orthogonal template ( 15 , GSK046), was the basis for the high selectivity observed. This culminated in two tool molecules, 20 (GSK620) and 56 (GSK549), which showed an anti-inflammatory phenotype in human whole blood, confirming their cellular target engagement. Excellent broad selectivity, developability, and in vivo oral pharmacokinetics characterize these tools, which we hope will be of broad utility to the field of epigenetics research.

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Genetic diversity and phenotypic associations of feline caliciviruses from cats in Switzerland. Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common viral pathogen in domestic cats worldwide. The variable regions of the capsid (VP1) gene of FCV have one of the highest recorded rates of molecular evolution. Understanding the genetic diversity and phylogeny of FCV is a prerequisite to exploring the epidemiology and pathogenesis of this virus and to the development of efficacious vaccine strategies. In this study, we undertook a nationwide molecular characterization of FCV using for the first time nearly complete capsid (VP1) gene sequences. Sequences from 66 FCV samples were used to investigate the correlation between viral phylogeny and several traits, including geographic origin, signalment, husbandry, FCV vaccination and co-infections. Codon-based nucleotide alignment showed that individual nucleotides and their corresponding amino acid sites were either invariant or highly variable. Using a threshold of 20 % genetic distance in variable region E, FCV samples were grouped into 52 strains, 10 of which comprised two to three samples. Significant associations between FCV phylogeny and host characteristics were found, specifically the pedigree status of the cats, and two well-supported lineages were identified in which the current FCV strain definition was confounded. No correlation between viral genetic distances and geographic distances was evident. The greater resolution of the FCV phylogeny in this study compared to previous studies can be attributed to our use of more conserved regions of the capsid (VP1) gene; nonetheless, our results were still hampered by sequence saturation. The study highlights the need for whole-genome sequences for FCV phylogeny studies.

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The impact of PrEP: results from a multicenter Health Technology Assessment into the Italian setting. The use of oral tenofovir/emtricitabine (FTC/TDF) for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among high-risk people without Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), is emerging as an innovative strategy to decrease HIV epidemic. The study aims at evaluating the implications related to PrEP introduction, from a multidimensional point of view, as required by Health Technology Assessment (HTA) approach, with a particular attention on sustainability and social factors, influencing PrEP implementation.

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Development of calcium phosphate/calcium sulfate biphasic biomedical material with hyaluronic acid containing collagenase and simvastatin for vital pulp therapy. In vital pulp therapy (VPT), a barrier is created with appropriate capping to protect the remaining pulp and thus maintain pulp vitality. Here, we evaluated the feasibility of a biphasic calcium phosphate cement (CPC)-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) biomaterial containing simvastatin (Sim) and collagenase (Col) for VPT.

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Review of the genus Daplasa Moore (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Lymantriinae) from China, with description of new species. The tussock moth genus Daplasa Moore, 1879 is reviewed from China. Hitherto four species are recognized, where one new species, D. nivisala sp. n., is described and one new combination D. melanoma (Collenette, 1938) comb. n. is proposed. Adults and their genital structures are provided, together with a key to the species of Daplasa with the occurrence in China.

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Hoxa11 and Hoxa13 facilitate slow-twitch muscle formation in C2C12 cells and indirectly affect the lipid deposition of 3T3-L1 cells. Muscle-fiber type in livestock skeletal muscles influences meat quality, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We previously showed that Homeobox A11 (Hoxa11) and Homeobox A13 (Hoxa13) are differentially expressed in fast- and slow-twitch muscles, but their effects on the formation of muscle-fiber types and intramuscular fat deposition have not been investigated. Here, our results revealed that overexpression of Hoxa11 and Hoxa13 delayed cell-cycle progression in C2C12 myoblasts, reduced their proliferation, and promoted their differentiation into slow-twitch muscle fibers. Knockdown experiments produced the opposite results. The conditioned media of differentiated C2C12 cells with Hoxa11/Hoxa13 overexpression or knockdown were harvested. Staining results showed that adipogenesis of preadipocytes was significantly promoted by Hoxa13 knockdown C2C12 cell culture medium. Changes in lipid accumulation were due to a reduction in lipid decomposition and an increase in triglyceride synthesis; genes related to fatty-acid synthesis were decreased. In conclusion, our study showed that Hoxa11 and Hoxa13 promote slow-twitch muscle formation and indirectly regulate preadipocyte adipogenesis, which may facilitate meat-quality improvement in the future.

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User Testing an Information Foraging Tool for Ambulatory Surgical Site Infection Surveillance. Surveillance for surgical site infections (SSIs) after ambulatory surgery in children requires a detailed manual chart review to assess criteria defined by the National Health and Safety Network (NHSN). Electronic health records (EHRs) impose an inefficient search process where infection preventionists must manually review every postsurgical encounter (< 30 days). Using text mining and business intelligence software, we developed an information foraging application, the SSI Workbench, to visually present which postsurgical encounters included SSI-related terms and synonyms, antibiotic, and culture orders.

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FTO variant is not associated with osteoarthritis in the Chinese Han population: replication study for a genome-wide association study identified risk loci. Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent form of arthritis worldwide and is the major cause of pain and loss of function in elderly people. A signal of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene had been reported in a genome-wide association study of osteoarthritis. The FTO polymorphism (rs8044769) might exert its effect on osteoarthritis through obesity, because it was reported as a body mass index-associated single-nucleotide polymorphism. And replication studies showed inconsistent results for this association. Our present study is to check the association of rs8044769 with osteoarthritis and body mass index in Chinese Han population.

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Development and psychometric properties of the sound preference and hearing habits questionnaire (SP-HHQ). The aim of the study was, based on the individualisation of hearing aids (HA) and pre-sets for audio devices, to develop a questionnaire to determine the basis for profiling sound preferences and hearing habits to gather additional information usable for HA fitting and adjustment tools for audio-devices.

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RBM15-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification affects COVID-19 severity by regulating the expression of multitarget genes. Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by symptoms of lymphopenia and multiorgan damage, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To explore the function of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications in COVID-19, we performed microarray analyses to comprehensively characterize the m6A epitranscriptome. The results revealed distinct global m6A profiles in severe and mild COVID-19 patients. Programmed cell death and inflammatory response were the major biological processes modulated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Further, RBM15, a major m6A methyltransferase, was significantly elevated and positively correlated with disease severity. Silencing RBM15 drastically reduced lymphocyte death in vitro. Knockdown of RBM15 remarkably suppressed the expression levels of multitarget genes related to programmed cell death and inflammatory response. This study shows that SARS-CoV-2 infection alters the m6A epitranscriptome of lymphocytes, particularly in the case of severe patients. RBM15 regulated host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 by elevating m6A modifications of multitarget genes. These findings indicate that RBM15 can serve as a target for the treatment of COVID-19.

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Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs in Dual Disorders: Current Evidence for Clinical Practice. Concurrent disorder or dual diagnosis refers to a combination of substance use disorders and mental disorders that occur in the same patient simultaneously. These conditions pose significant clinical and healthcare impacts and are often underdiagnosed, undertreated, and complex to manage.

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Mandible Fractures Associated With the Introduction of an E-Scooter-Sharing System. With the introduction of an e-scooter-sharing system in Germany, standing electric scooters became popular modes of transportation in many urban areas. But the increase in popularity has resulted in an increase in traumatic injuries associated with e-scooter accidents. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the common fracture pattern of patients with mandible fractures as a result of an electric scooter accident. The authors performed a retrospective investigation of 52 patients who were admitted to the trauma unit of an oral and maxillofacial department from June until November 2019 with a fracture of the mandible. Our study investigated the first 6 months of e-scooter sharing system in a major city with more than 1 million inhabitants. Our cohort consists of 52 patients, 38 males, and 14 females with a mean age of 37 years. E-scooter related mandible fractures were with 21% the third biggest group, after physical assault and falls. 45% of these patients were intoxicated by alcohol. Furthermore, the majority of e-scooter patients presented more than one fracture of the mandible (73%). For our cohort, a typical combination of a symphysis or body fracture and bilateral affected ramus and/or condyle was the prevalent recorded fracture combination (55%) of e-scooter related traumata. Small scooter wheels, a speed of 15 miles or 20 kilometers per hour and the individual clinging to the handlebar falling predestinate these vehicles for accidents with craniofacial trauma. Among all cranio-facial traumas mandible fractures were mostly documented for e-scooter accidents. The severity of e-scooter related mandible fractures and their fracture pattern should be recognized by trauma units.

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Function of restored wetlands for waterbird conservation in the Yellow Sea coast. To reduce the harm to wildlife caused by habitat loss and degradation, significant resources have been invested in habitat restoration worldwide. However, whether restored habitats can support wildlife communities similar to those natural ones remains unclear. Providing habitat for waterbirds, which are dependent on wetland for their survival, is a major target in many wetland restoration practices. Here we conducted a year-round waterbird survey at Chongming Dongtan, a national nature reserve established for waterbird conservation in the south Yellow Sea, in order to compare the characteristics of waterbird communities in four wetland types: restored wetlands, natural tidal wetlands, and two artificial wetlands (fish ponds and farmlands). We determined whether waterbird diversity and species composition differed among the wetland types. The results indicated that waterbird diversity, in terms of species richness, individual density, Shannon-Wiener diversity, functional diversity, and phylogenetic diversity, was generally similar in the restored and natural wetlands and was higher in the restored and natural wetlands than in fish ponds or farmlands. Most threatened species and exclusive species occurred in both natural and restored wetlands, but the overall species composition significantly differed between natural and restored wetlands. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis also indicated that waterbird community significantly differed among the wetland types. The results suggest that restored wetlands support substantial waterbird diversity but cannot replace natural wetlands because they lack the period tides that many tideland specialists (shorebirds) depend on. This study highlights the importance of protecting natural wetlands for waterbird conservation. We propose that both the diversity and species composition of wildlife communities should be considered in evaluating the effectiveness of habitat restoration for wildlife.

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Microwave-assisted synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon dots using prickly pear as the carbon source and its application as a highly selective sensor for Cr(VI) and as a patterning agent. Preparation of water-dispersible carbon dots from inexpensive natural carbon precursors and its application for purposes such as sensing, bio-imaging and patterning agents is showing growing interest in recent years. In this study, we have reported the preparation of nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) using prickly pear as the carbon source and m -xylylenediamine as the nitrogen source using a one-step microwave-assisted synthetic process. The N-CDs prepared were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, XPS, powder-XRD, FT-IR, Raman, TEM, UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Doping of nitrogen in the N-CDs made them highly fluorescent and the study on their ion-recognition property revealed that they detect highly toxic Cr(VI) with high selectivity and sensitivity (LOD, 0.04 μM) and without interference from the other ions used in this study. By immobilizing these N-CDs onto filter paper, sensor strips were prepared for on-site monitoring/field applications and they were successfully used for the detection of Cr(VI) in water. Detailed spectral analysis revealed that the mechanism of Cr(VI) sensing involved a phenomenon called the "inner filter effect" and analysis of the fluorescence lifetime data suggested the "static quenching" of fluorescence intensity. These N-CDs were used to prepare fluorescent carbon ink and were successfully used as patterning agents.

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Identification of a novel strong promoter from the anhydrobiotic midge, Polypedilum vanderplanki, with conserved function in various insect cell lines. Larvae of the African midge Polypedilum vanderplanki (Diptera: Chironomidae) show a form of extreme desiccation tolerance known as anhydrobiosis. The cell line Pv11 was recently established from the species, and these cells can also survive under desiccated conditions, and proliferate normally after rehydration. Here we report the identification of a new promoter, 121, which has strong constitutive transcriptional activity in Pv11 cells and promotes effective expression of exogenous genes. Using a luciferase reporter assay, this strong transcriptional activity was shown to be conserved in cell lines from various insect species, including S2 (Drosophila melanogaster, Diptera), SaPe-4 (Sarcophaga peregrina, Diptera), Sf9 (Spodoptera frugiperda, Lepidoptera) and Tc81 (Tribolium castaneum, Coleoptera) cells. In conjunction with an appropriate selection maker gene, the 121 promoter was able to confer zeocin resistance on SaPe-4 cells and allowed the establishment of stable SaPe-4 cell lines expressing the fluorescent protein AcGFP1; this is the first report of heterologous gene expression in this cell line. These results show the 121 promoter to be a versatile tool for exogenous gene expression in a wide range of insect cell lines, particularly useful to those from non-model insect species.

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Recent Emergence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Ontario, Canada: Early Serological and Entomological Indicators. Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), caused by the bacteria Anaplasma phagocytophilum , is transmitted to humans by blacklegged ticks ( Ixodes scapularis ) in eastern North America. To assess the emergence of A . phagocytophilum in Ontario, we analyzed patient serological and clinical data in combination with pathogen detection in blacklegged ticks from 2011 to 2017. Our sample population included all patients who had Anaplasma serological testing ordered by their physicians ( n = 851). Eighty-three patients (10.8%) were A . phagocytophilum seropositive (IgG titers ≥ 1:64) and 686 (89.2%) were seronegative (IgG titers < 1:64). Applying published surveillance case definitions, we classified zero as confirmed, five as probable, and 78 as suspected cases. The percentage of seropositive patients remained generally stable at 13.6%. Seropositive patients were most often adult females, 40-59 years of age, and reported nonspecific signs and symptoms, such as fatigue, headache, and fever. Higher seropositivity rates (≥ 1.5 patients per 100,000 population) occurred in eastern and northwestern Ontario. The percentage of A . phagocytophilum -positive blacklegged ticks, through passive and active surveillance, was 0.4 and 1.1%, respectively, and increased over time. Serological and entomological indicators of A . phagocytophilum activity increased in areas of the province with established blacklegged tick populations. The risk of HGA is presently low in Ontario; however, further research is required to document the epidemiology of HGA in the province. To minimize the impact of HGA emergence in Ontario, increased awareness and education of the public and health-care providers is recommended, with consideration to making HGA a reportable infection in Ontario.

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Evaluation of a commercial automatic treatment planning system for liver stereotactic body radiation therapy treatments. Automated treatment planning is a new frontier in radiotherapy. The Auto-Planning module of the Pinnacle 3 treatment planning system (TPS) was evaluated for liver stereotactic body radiation therapy treatments.

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Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) positively regulates lipid catabolism and induces browning in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes. Browning induction (beiging) of white adipocytes is an emerging prospective strategy to defeat obesity and its related metabolic disorders. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), a membrane protein which belongs to the cytochrome P450 superfamily, reportedly functions in the xenobiotic metabolism in the body, especially ethanol metabolism. Although previous studies have reported the effect of CYP2E1 on obesity in animal models, the data remains controversial. In the current study, we investigate for the first time, the role of CYP2E1 in lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes, with a focus on fat browning.

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Pregnancy and childbirth in English prisons: institutional ignominy and the pains of imprisonment. With a prison population of approximately 9000 women in England, it is estimated that approximately 600 pregnancies and 100 births occur annually. Despite an extensive literature on the sociology of reproduction, pregnancy and childbirth among women prisoners is under-researched. This article reports an ethnographic study in three English prisons undertaken in 2015-2016, including interviews with 22 prisoners, six women released from prison and 10 staff members. Pregnant prisoners experience numerous additional difficulties in prison including the ambiguous status of a pregnant prisoner, physical aspects of pregnancy and the degradation of the handcuffed or chained prisoner during visits to the more public setting of hospital. This article draws on Erving Goffman's concepts of closed institutions, dramaturgy and mortification of self, Crewe et al.'s work on the gendered pains of imprisonment and Crawley's notion of 'institutional thoughtlessness', and proposes a new concept of institutional ignominy to understand the embodied situation of the pregnant prisoner.

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Can Nonthermal Plasma Improve the Adhesion between Acrylic Resin for Ocular Prostheses and Silicone-Based Relining Material? To investigate the influence of nonthermal plasma (NTP) treatment on the tensile bond strength between heat-polymerized acrylic resin for ocular prostheses and silicone reliner, with and without the use of an adhesive primer.

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[Niche and interspecific association of major nekton in the sea area to the east of the Nanji Islands]. According to the fishery resources investigation data in the east of the Nanji Islands during autumn in 2017 and spring in 2018, the inter-specific relationships and ecological relationships between major nekton were analyzed via the index of relative importance, niche breadth, cluster analysis, niche overlap, χ 2 -test, variance ratio test, association coefficient, percentage of co-occurrence, and point correlation coefficients. The results showed that there were 30 major nekton species in this area. The dominant species were Harpadon nehereus, Portunus trituberculatus, and Oratosquilla oratoria. The niche width of these dominant species was relatively wide. Based on the cluster analysis of niche breadth, the 30 major nekton species could be divided into three categories, wide niche breadth species, moderate niche breath species, and narrow niche breath species. The distribution range of niche overlap value was [0, 0.98], indicating that there were differences in the similarity of species to resource utilization and that the niche was differentiated and accompanied by inter-specific competition. The values of VR and W showed that there was a significant positive correlation among the major nekton species. The χ 2 -test results indicated significantly interspecific association for 76 species pair (χ 2 ≥3.841), which was related to community stability and species coexistence. Results of association coefficient, percentage of co-occurrence and point correlation coefficients test suggested that the interspecific association was strong and tended to be positive.

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Working during a Pandemic between the Risk of Being Infected and/or the Risks Related to Social Distancing: First Validation of the SAPH@W Questionnaire. The COVID-19 pandemic led the worldwide healthcare system to a severe crisis in which personnel paid the major costs. Many studies were promptly dedicated to the physical and psychological consequences of the COVID-19 exposure among healthcare employees, whereas the research on the other working populations has been substantially ignored. To bridge the current lack of knowledge about safe behaviors related to the risk of COVID-19 contagion at work, the aim of the study was to validate a new tool, the SAPH@W (Safety at Work), to assess workers' perceptions of safety.

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Tracing TB: Are there predictors for active TB disease in patients with Xpert Ultra trace results? The Xpert MTB/Rif Ultra (Xpert Ultra; Cepheid, USA) has increased sensitivity compared with its predecessor (Gene Xpert), due to the addition of multicopy amplification targets and a novel trace call. The World Health Organization suggests that tuberculosis (TB) treatment should be initiated in HIV, paediatric, and extra-pulmonary TB patients with trace results. However, other factors such as previous TB disease may complicate the interpretation of trace results in high-burden TB settings. This study aimed to clarify the positive predictors for active TB disease in patients with trace results and to investigate if previous TB disease influences TB culture positivity.

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Occupational Burnout Syndrome in the nursing context: an integrative literature review. To characterize the scientific production on Burnout Syndrome in the Nursingcontext, systematizing the location where the studies were carried out, the related constructs, the employed methods and their main results.

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Consumers' Intention to Bring a Reusable Bag for Shopping in China: Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior. Bringing a reusable bag for shopping is a typical pro-environmental behavior and has been shown to be effective in reducing plastics, but research regarding this green behavior is limited. In this regard, using the snowball sampling technique, this study conducts a survey on a sample of 361 Chinese consumers to investigate their intention to bring a reusable bag for shopping based on the theory of planned behavior. To increase the explaining power for behavioral intention, this study extended the TPB by adding two additional variables: locus of control and environmental concern. Data was analyzed using the structural equation modeling technique. Results show that attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm exert significant and positive influence on consumers' intention to bring reusable bags for shopping, and the perceived behavioral control exerts the greatest influence, followed by attitude and subjective norm. Both locus of control and environmental concern fail to directly impact consumers' bringing intention, but they could impact consumers' intention indirectly. Specifically, the external locus of control exerts a negative influence on attitude and perceived behavioral control. Environmental concern positively impacts consumers' attitudes towards bringing reusable bags for shopping. Results of this study could provide valuable insights into plastics management and policy design to promote consumers' green shopping behaviors. For instance, the finding that perceived behavioral control is the greatest contributor to consumers' intention to bring reusable bags highlights the importance of clearing reusable bag preparation and use barriers.

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Retinal laser services in Bhutan: a 3-year national survey. We conducted this study to report on the indications and types of retinal laser therapy (RLT) performed in Bhutan, knowing which is critical for proper planning and successful delivery of the services.

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Cranial irradiation alters neuroinflammation and neural proliferation in the pituitary gland and induces late-onset hormone deficiency. Cranial radiotherapy induces endocrine disorders and reproductive abnormalities, particularly in long-term female cancer survivors, and this might in part be caused by injury to the pituitary gland, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of cranial irradiation on the pituitary gland and related endocrine function. Female Wistar rat pups on postnatal day 11 were subjected to a single dose of 6 Gy whole-head irradiation, and hormone levels and organ structure in the reproductive system were examined at 20 weeks after irradiation. We found that brain irradiation reduced cell proliferation and induced persistent inflammation in the pituitary gland. The whole transcriptome analysis of the pituitary gland revealed that apoptosis and inflammation-related pathways were up-regulated after irradiation. In addition, irradiation led to significantly decreased levels of the pituitary hormones, growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone and the reproductive hormones testosterone and progesterone. To conclude, brain radiation induces reduction of pituitary and reproduction-related hormone secretion, this may due to reduced cell proliferation and increased pituitary inflammation after irradiation. Our results thus provide additional insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying complications after head irradiation and contribute to the discovery of preventive and therapeutic strategies related to brain injury following irradiation.

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Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) in patients with psoriasis: Increased serum TARC levels in patients with generalized pustular psoriasis. Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) is designated as a T-helper 2-type chemokine and its expression is upregulated in patients with atopic dermatitis. Previous studies reported that serum TARC levels in patients with psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) were comparable with those in healthy controls. However, the association of clinical severity of psoriasis with serum TARC levels and serum TARC levels in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) or generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) have never been reported. We investigated the association of serum TARC level with psoriasis by the type of psoriasis, and examine correlations of serum TARC levels with clinical severity scores and other results of blood tests. Data on 75 patients (51 men and 24 women; PsV, 30 patients; PsA, 29 patients; GPP, 16 patients) were analyzed. The serum TARC level was significantly higher in patients with GPP than in patients with PsV and patients with PsA. There was a positive correlation between serum TARC level and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score (r = 0.3499, P = 0.0030). The serum TARC levels decreased after treatment in GPP patients. Our study revealed that the serum TARC level can potentially be one of the biomarkers reflecting the severity or systemic inflammation caused by psoriasis in patients with psoriasis, although not as much as in patients with atopic dermatitis. Furthermore, serum TARC levels were high in patients with GPP. Those were decreased by treatment, suggesting that serum TARC levels could be utilized as an objective biomarker to evaluate a therapeutic effect in individual GPP patients. Further accumulation of cases and further research are needed to elucidate the role of TARC in psoriasis.

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Adult patient perceptions on the effectiveness of scoliosis specific exercises. There is a paucity of research focusing on adults with scoliosis, yet many of these individuals suffer from pain and disability. Recent literature has demonstrated that for this patient population general physical therapy is no better than other non-operative treatment options.[1-3] This study assessed the perceptions of the effectiveness of Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis Specific Exercises (PSSE) on adult scoliosis. The purpose of this study is to present the results of a retrospective analysis of how adults with scoliosis perceive that physical therapy utilizing PSSE has impacted their quality of life (QoL), function, and pain. A 10 question survey was sent via a secure server (Qualtrics) to all PSSE participating patients ≥ 18 years old from one PSSE specialty clinic from the beginning of the PSSE program, 7 years. Survey responses were anonymous, collected by someone other than the primary investigator, and statistics were calculated with SPSS 24 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results: Fifty-seven adults (88.9% female) responded to the survey (55% response rate) with 67.2% being over the age of 55 years. The majority (61.9%) felt that PT had moderately or significantly positively impacted their QoL. The most common number of PT visits ranged from 5-10, after which 71.9% of participants were either somewhat or very confident in their ability to perform their PSSE program unsupervised at home. The most common frequency of home exercise program (HEP) performance was 1-2 times per week (46.0%) for a duration of 5-40 minutes. Quantitative analysis of exercise adherence using a Spearman's rho (rs) revealed positive associations between confidence in correctly performing the HEP with the perceived positive impact of the exercises (rs = .45, p < .001), the greater frequency of performing the HEP (rs = .30, p = .024) and greater time performing the HEP (rs = .33, p = .004). This retrospective analysis showed that 61.9% of adults with scoliosis felt that PT utilizing PSSE had moderately or significantly positively impacted their QoL. Adherence to a HEP is critical to the success of the program. Greater confidence in correctly performing the HEP was positively correlated with perceived impact, frequency and time spent exercising. The sample was limited to adults from one clinic that specializes in scoliosis and may not be generalizable to other clinics.

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A Critical Assessment of the Youth Needs and Progress Scale. Evaluated is a recently developed tool, the Youth Needs and Progress Scale ( YNPS ). Reported is the surprisingly palpable lack of adherence to scientific standards. A demonstrable absence of attention and accordance to scientific methods related to research and developing psychometrics is evident, that is, taking a colander approach when constructing the tool. The rudimentary steps of this project were described by Kang et al. (2019) and subsequently critiqued by this author. Significant concerns previously delineated were not addressed, but rather crystalized in a substantial U.S. federally tax funded grant for a substandard tool. These are described in this article (i.e., lack of adequate literature review, citing selective research findings, referencing face validity tools, problematic research design). The key concern is the reliance on risk recidivism tools ( J-SOAP-II and ERASOR ), partially based on adult research and empirically shown to have inconsistently performed in risk assessment studies.

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Percutaneous CT-Guided Cryoablation of the Celiac Plexus: A Retrospective Cohort Comparison with Ethanol. To retrospectively analyze and compare the incidence of diarrhea in patients who underwent cryoablation of the celiac plexus for intractable abdominal pain versus ethanol therapy over a 5-year period.

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Fear of falling: A manifestation of executive dysfunction? Fear of falling (FoF) may be an early marker of decline in global cognitive functioning, but associations with specific domains of cognitive functioning are unclear. The aim was to examine associations between FoF and 4-year decline in memory, processing speed, and executive functioning in adults aged 50 years and older.

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Exploring disease interrelationships in patients with lymphatic disorders: A single center retrospective experience. The lymphatic contribution to the circulation is of paramount importance in regulating fluid homeostasis, immune cell trafficking/activation and lipid metabolism. In comparison to the blood vasculature, the impact of the lymphatics has been underappreciated, both in health and disease, likely due to a less well-delineated anatomy and function. Emerging data suggest that lymphatic dysfunction can be pivotal in the initiation and development of a variety of diseases across broad organ systems. Understanding the clinical associations between lymphatic dysfunction and non-lymphatic morbidity provides valuable evidence for future investigations and may foster the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapies.

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Diagnostic utility of p63/p40 in the histologic differentiation of salivary gland tumors: A systematic review. Salivary gland tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with complex clinicopathologic behavior. These tumors often show an extremely diverse morphology and significant histologic patterns, making diagnosis a difficult task. Owing to the considerable differences in prognosis, treatment, and follow-up, accurately distinguishing these histologic mimickers is imperative. The aim of the present systematic review was to establish the diagnostic utility of p63/p40 immunostaining in histologic differentiation of salivary gland tumors.

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Increasing 2-furfurylthiol content in Chinese sesame-flavored Baijiu via inoculating the producer of precursor l-cysteine in Baijiu fermentation. 2-Furfurylthiol was an important contributor to the flavor of traditional fermented foods including Baijiu. It is essential to increase 2-furfurylthiol concentration to improve the quality of Baijiu. This study aimed to enrich the content of 2-furfurylthiol in Chinese sesame-flavored Baijiu via two strains we isolated from Baijiu fermentation, Bacillus subtilis LBM 10019 and Bacillus vallismortis LBM 10020, which could respectively produce 56.31 mg/L and 42.81 mg/L l-cysteine, the precursor of 2-furfurylthiol, in sorghum extract. After inoculation of these two strains, the maximal relative abundance of Bacillus increased from 7.48% to 40.38%, the final content of l-cysteine increased by 101.44% in Baijiu fermentation. Moreover, the concentration of 2-furfurylthiol increased by 89.15% in the production. This work provides a novel strategy to improve the quality of Chinese sesame-flavored Baijiu.

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Results from the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) study support association of relative telomere length with mortality in a large cohort of patients with moderate chronic kidney disease. Telomere length is known to be inversely associated with aging and has been proposed as a marker for aging-related diseases. Telomere attrition can be accelerated by oxidative stress and inflammation, both commonly present in patients with chronic kidney disease. Here, we investigated whether relative telomere length is associated with mortality in a large cohort of patients with chronic kidney disease stage G3 and A1-3 or G1-2 with overt proteinuria (A3) at enrollment. Relative telomere length was quantified in peripheral blood by a quantitative PCR method in 4,955 patients from the GCKD study, an ongoing prospective observational cohort. Complete four-year follow-up was available from 4,926 patients in whom we recorded 354 deaths. Relative telomere length was a strong and independent predictor of all-cause mortality. Each decrease of 0.1 relative telomere length unit was highly associated with a 14% increased risk of death (hazard ratio1.14 [95% confidence interval 1.06-1.22]) in a model adjusted for age, sex, baseline eGFR, urine albumin/creatinine ratio, diabetes mellitus, prevalent cardiovascular disease, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, smoking, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein and serum albumin. This translated to a 75% higher risk for those in the lowest compared to the highest quartile of relative telomere length. The association was mainly driven by 117 cardiovascular deaths (1.20 [1.05-1.35]) as well as 67 deaths due to infections (1.27 [1.07-1.50]). Thus, our findings support an association of shorter telomere length with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and death due to infections in patients with moderate chronic kidney disease.

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The use of three-dimensional reconstructions of CT scans to evaluate anomalies of hyoid bone in Pierre Robin sequence: A retrospective study. The aim of the study was to investigate hyoid bone anomalies in patients with Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) compared to the control group, using computed tomography (CT) examination and three-dimensional reconstruction of the hyoid bone and mandible.

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Effect of activity-based training versus strengthening exercises on upper extremity functions in Parkinson's patients; A randomized controlled, single blind, superiority trial. Idiopathic Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease which is appeared by symptoms such as resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. Such symptoms as tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity significantly affect patients' upper extremity function. Rehabilitation programs should be implemented to improve the upper extremity functions of patients.

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Prenatal diagnosis of right aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery in association with bilateral ductus arteriosus by two-and four-dimensional echocardiography: a case of rare vascular ring and review of literature. The incidence of bilateral ductus arteriosus is sporadically reported in the uterus, and right aortic arch with aberrant of the left subclavian artery in association with bilateral ductus arteriosus is therefore extremely rare. We describe a case of right aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery associated with bilateral ductus arteriosus. Scanning around the three-vessel and trachea view to search for an "O" shape and a "U" shape vascular ring is essential for the diagnosis, which reveals vascular structures coursing around the trachea. Four-dimensional echocardiography with high-definition flow imaging and spatiotemporal image correlation technique illustrates the spatial relationships of these vessels and the trachea, which should be considered as a complementary modality in fetal cardiac examinations.

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Spillover Effects From A Consumer-Based Intervention To Increase High-Value Preventive Care. Increasing the use of high-value medical services and reducing the use of services with little or no clinical value are key goals for efficient health systems. Yet encouraging the use of high-value services may unintentionally affect the use of low-value services. We examined the likelihood of high- and low-value service use in the first two years after an insurance benefit change in 2011 for one state's employees that promoted use of high-value preventive services. In the intervention group, compared to a control sample with stable benefit plans, in year 1 the likelihood of high-value service use increased 11.0 percentage points, and the likelihood of low-value service use increased 7.9 percentage points. For that year we associated 74 percent of the increase in high-value services and 57 percent of the increase in low-value services with greater use of preventive visits. Our results imply that interventions aimed at increasing receipt of high-value preventive services can cause spillovers to low-value services and should include deterrents to low-value care as implemented in later years of this program.

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Linking structural and effective brain connectivity: structurally informed Parametric Empirical Bayes (si-PEB). Despite the potential for better understanding functional neuroanatomy, the complex relationship between neuroimaging measures of brain structure and function has confounded integrative, multimodal analyses of brain connectivity. This is particularly true for task-related effective connectivity, which describes the causal influences between neuronal populations. Here, we assess whether measures of structural connectivity may usefully inform estimates of effective connectivity in larger scale brain networks. To this end, we introduce an integrative approach, capitalising on two recent statistical advances: Parametric Empirical Bayes, which provides group-level estimates of effective connectivity, and Bayesian model reduction, which enables rapid comparison of competing models. Crucially, we show that structural priors derived from high angular resolution diffusion imaging on a dynamic causal model of a 12-region network-based on functional MRI data from the same subjects-substantially improve model evidence (posterior probability 1.00). This provides definitive evidence that structural and effective connectivity depend upon each other in mediating distributed, large-scale interactions in the brain. Furthermore, this work offers novel perspectives for understanding normal brain architecture and its disintegration in clinical conditions.

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Working memory load improves diagnostic performance of smooth pursuit eye movement in mild traumatic brain injury patients with protracted recovery. Smooth pursuit eye movements have been investigated as a diagnostic tool for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). However, the degree to which smooth pursuit differentiates mTBI patients from healthy controls (i.e. its diagnostic performance) is only moderate. Our goal was to establish if simultaneous performance of smooth pursuit and a working memory task increased the diagnostic performance of pursuit metrics following mTBI. We integrated an n-back task with two levels of working memory load into a pursuit target, and tested single- and dual-task pursuit in mTBI patients and healthy controls. We assessed pursuit using measures of velocity accuracy, positional accuracy and positional variability. The mTBI group had higher pursuit variability than the control group in all conditions. Performing a concurrent 1-back task decreased pursuit variability for both the mTBI and control groups. Performing a concurrent 2-back task produced differential effects between the groups: Pursuit variability was significantly decreased in the control group, but not in the mTBI group. Diagnostic indices were improved when pursuit was combined with the 2-back task, and increased by 20% for the most sensitive variable. Smooth pursuit with simultaneous working memory load may be a superior diagnostic tool for mTBI than measuring smooth pursuit alone.

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Analysis of the pen pressure and grip force signal during basic drawing tasks: The timing and speed changes impact drawing characteristics. Writing is a complex fine and trained motor skill, involving complex biomechanical and cognitive processes. In this paper, we propose the study of writing kinetics using three angles: the pen-tip normal force, the total grip force signal and eventually writing quality assessment. In order to collect writing kinetics data, we designed a sensor collecting these characteristics simultaneously. Ten healthy right-handed adults were recruited and were asked to perform four tasks: first, they were instructed to draw circles at a speed they considered comfortable; they then were instructed to draw circles at a speed they regarded as fast; afterwards, they repeated the comfortable task compelled to follow the rhythm of a metronome; and eventually they performed the fast task under the same timing constraints. Statistical differences between the tasks were computed, and while pen-tip normal force and total grip force signal were not impacted by the changes introduced in each task, writing quality features were affected by both the speed changes and timing constraint changes. This verifies the already-studied speed-accuracy trade-off and suggest the existence of a timing constraints-accuracy trade-off.

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Attachment-related attention bias plays a causal role in trust in maternal support. The current study was designed to test whether children's ability to flexibly shift their attention (from their mother during distress to peers during exploration and vice versa) causally increases children's trust in the mother's support. We trained attention flexibility using a gaze-contingent music reward design. A total of 85 children (9-13 years of age; 46% boys) were randomly assigned to this training or a comparable yoked control condition. Attentional preferences were measured via eye tracking. Before and after the manipulation, we measured self-reported trust. Results showed that the training condition increased children's attention flexibility. Training-related increased attentional focus on the mother during distress was linked with increased trust.

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Activation of TIR signalling boosts pattern-triggered immunity. Plant immune responses are mainly activated by two types of receptor. Pattern recognition receptors localized on the plasma membrane perceive extracellular microbial features, and nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) recognize intracellular effector proteins from pathogens 1 . NLRs possessing amino-terminal Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains activate defence responses via the NADase activity of the TIR domain 2,3 . Here we report that activation of TIR signalling has a key role in pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) mediated by pattern recognition receptors. TIR signalling mutants exhibit attenuated PTI responses and decreased resistance against pathogens. Consistently, PTI is compromised in plants with reduced NLR levels. Treatment with the PTI elicitor flg22 or nlp20 rapidly induces many genes encoding TIR-domain-containing proteins, which is likely to be responsible for activating TIR signalling during PTI. Overall, our study reveals that activation of TIR signalling is an important mechanism for boosting plant defence during PTI.

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[Pediatric inhalation injury]. The various systems and organs of the pediatric body are still in the developmental stage, with immature anatomy and physiology. Pediatric patients with inhalation injury are often in critical conditions, being prone to respiratory difficulties and even evolving into acute respiratory distress syndrome. The changes are rapid with extremely high mortality rate, bringing certain challenges to clinical treatment. This article reviews the causes, characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of pediatric inhalation injury for peer reference.

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Addition of Chinese herbal remedy, Tongguan Capsules, to the standard treatment in patients with myocardial infarction improve the ventricular reperfusion and remodeling: Proteomic analysis of possible signaling pathways. Tongguan Capsules (TGC), a patented Chinese herbal remedy containing Salvia miltiorrhiza, Astragalus membranaceus, Borneolum syntheticum and Grasshopper, has been previously tested in the experimental model of animal hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion injury and its cardioprotective effect has been described.

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Did Iranians respect health measures during Nowruz holidays? A study on Iranians' knowledge, attitude and practice toward COVID-19. Since December 2019, the COVID-19 outbreak has affected almost every country in the world, including Iran. General awareness and commitment to recommendations made by health officials have important role in control of the outbreak. The aim of the current study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of Iranians concerning COVID-19 after Nowruz (Persian New Year Holiday) in Iran and identifying its determining demographic and socioeconomic factors.

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Cumulative deceleration area: a simplified predictor of metabolic acidemia. Fetal monitoring, ubiquitous in obstetrics is used to predict and prevent intrapartum fetal injury. Despite decades of education and nomenclature revision, clinicians show low agreement on key elements, including the types of deceleration and hence their presumed etiology. Cumulative deceleration area is not dependent on deceleration type and could potentially mitigate this problem. Although deceleration area has shown promise as a marker of acidemia, no reports have shown how deceleration area evolves in late labor. Advances in computerization allow for direct measurement of deceleration area and standard fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns. The objective of this study was to compare the evolution and discrimination performance of deceleration area and other FHR patterns in late labor in term neonates with metabolic acidemia (MA) and in those with normal cord gases.

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Death from a driverless vehicle. Road traffic accidents are a major cause of fatalities around the world, and a number of deaths are caused by moving traffic on public roads. Deaths from vehicles that are off the highway may be called non-traffic fatalities which can be due to a vehicle reversing, carbon monoxide poisoning, weather-induced over-heating inside the vehicle and electric windows. Children (and animals) are the usual victims. We report a case from India where a man was found lying dead by the roadside with a lorry nearby. The autopsy findings indicated that he had been run over, but as there was no history of a vehicular collision and with no eyewitnesses, the investigators were unsure of the probable sequence of events that led to his death. The autopsy findings, history, circumstantial evidence and chemical analysis enabled us to work out what had happened.

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[Analysis on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats loci polymorphism of Yersinia pestis and its area distribution in Gansu province]. Objective: To study the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) loci polymorphism of Yersinia pestis and its area distribution in Gansu province. Methods: A total of 203 strains of Yersinia pestis isolated from 1962 to 2014 were selected for the culture and extraction of DNA. Three pairs of CRISPR primers were used to amplify the strain DNA by PCR, and the PCR products were sequenced. The groups and genotypes of strains were determined according to the spacer and spacer arrangement of CRISPR loci in the strain. Cluster analysis was done by using the software BioNumerics 5.10. Results: A total of 16 spacers, including 9 species of YPa loci, 4 species of YPb loci and 3 species of YPc loci, were found in the 203 strains of Yersinia pestis . A new spacer of a1' was found. The 203 strains were divided into 5 CRISPR genotypes and classified into 5 CRISPR clusters (Cb2, Ca7, Ca7', CaΔ5' and Ca35'). Each cluster showed significant area-specific characteristics, Cb2 was mainly distributed in Huining country and Pingchuan district, Ca7 was mainly found in Aksai Kazak autonomous country, Ca7' was mainly found in Xiahe country, Ca35' was mainly found in Subei Mongolia autonomous county and Yumen city and CaΔ5' was mainly distributed in Sunan Yugur autonomous county. Conclusions: The strains from different plague foci in Gansu were distinguished by CRISPR, all kinds of clusters showed the obvious area specific characteristics. It is important to study the evolution of Yersinia pestis in Gansu and trace the molecular biology origin of human plague.

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Role of fructose and fructokinase in acute dehydration-induced vasopressin gene expression and secretion in mice. Fructose stimulates vasopressin in humans and can be generated endogenously by activation of the polyol pathway with hyperosmolarity. We hypothesized that fructose metabolism in the hypothalamus might partly control vasopressin responses after acute dehydration. Wild-type and fructokinase-knockout mice were deprived of water for 24 h. The supraoptic nucleus was evaluated for vasopressin and markers of the aldose reductase-fructokinase pathway. The posterior pituitary vasopressin and serum copeptin levels were examined. Hypothalamic explants were evaluated for vasopressin secretion in response to exogenous fructose. Water restriction increased serum and urine osmolality and serum copeptin in both groups of mice, although the increase in copeptin in wild-type mice was larger than that in fructokinase-knockout mice. Water-restricted, wild-type mice showed an increase in vasopressin and aldose reductase mRNA, sorbitol, fructose and uric acid in the supraoptic nucleus. In contrast, fructokinase-knockout mice showed no change in vasopressin or aldose reductase mRNA, and no changes in sorbitol or uric acid, although fructose levels increased. With water restriction, vasopressin in the pituitary of wild-type mice was significantly less than that of fructokinase-knockout mice, indicating that fructokinase-driven vasopressin secretion overrode synthesis. Fructose increased vasopressin release in hypothalamic explants that was not observed in fructokinase-knockout mice. In situ hybridization documented fructokinase mRNA in the supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus and suprachiasmatic nucleus. Acute dehydration activates the aldose reductase-fructokinase pathway in the hypothalamus and partly drives the vasopressin response. Exogenous fructose increases vasopressin release in hypothalamic explants dependent on fructokinase. Nevertheless, circulating vasopressin is maintained and urinary concentrating is not impaired.

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Impact of mannose-binding lectin gene polymorphism on lung functions among workers exposed to airborne Aspergillus in a wastewater treatment plant in Egypt. In this study, the risk of Aspergillus (Asp.) positivity and its respiratory health impacts on wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) workers were studied. In addition, it identified the geno-susceptibility role of mannose-binding lectin 2 (MBL2) gene polymorphisms and the mannose-binding lectin (MBL) serum levels on the pulmonary functions of the Asp.-positive workers. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were performed for 89 workers from a selected WWTP, after exclusion of the smokers. Molecular identification of Asp. blood positivity was done by 18S rRNA sequencing. Determination of MBL2 gene polymorphism and estimation of MBL serum levels were done. PFTs revealed abnormalities in 49.2% of the workers. Asp. was positive in 42.5% of the workers with different species. Among the Asp.-positive workers, 6.5% of the workers were with obstructive PFTs, 12.9% with restriction, and 22.6% with combined PFT abnormalities. MBL2 genotyping showed that wild genotype AA was common (68.5%) among Asp.-positive workers compared to the other genotypes. This allele, whether homozygous or heterozygous, was significantly associated with decline in PFTs of the exposed workers. MBL serum levels were significantly lower in workers with obstructive, restrictive, and combined PFT abnormalities compared to those with normal PFTs, and in the workers with Asp.-positive species than the Asp.-negative workers. Moreover, it was significantly lower in workers with Asp. fumigatus compared to that in the workers with other Asp. species, and in the Asp.-positive workers with homozygous or heterozygous A allele compared to that in the Asp.-positive workers with homozygous B allele. Working in a WWTP can be associated with impaired PFTs due to exposure to airborne fungi. MBL2 genotyping showed that Asp.-positive workers with homozygous or heterozygous A allele were at risk to develop decline in their PFTs.

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Prior Information Guided Regularized Deep Learning for Cell Nucleus Detection. Cell nuclei detection is a challenging research topic because of limitations in cellular image quality and diversity of nuclear morphology, i.e., varying nuclei shapes, sizes, and overlaps between multiple cell nuclei. This has been a topic of enduring interest with promising recent success shown by deep learning methods. These methods train convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with a training set of input images and known, labeled nuclei locations. Many such methods are supplemented by spatial or morphological processing. Using a set of canonical cell nuclei shapes, prepared with the help of a domain expert, we develop a new approach that we call shape priors (SPs) with CNNs (SPs-CNN). We further extend the network to introduce an SP layer and then allowing it to become trainable (i.e., optimizable). We call this network as tunable SP-CNN (TSP-CNN). In summary, we present new network structures that can incorporate "expected behavior" of nucleus shapes via two components: learnable layers that perform the nucleus detection and a fixed processing part that guides the learning with prior information. Analytically, we formulate two new regularization terms that are targeted at: 1) learning the shapes and 2) reducing false positives while simultaneously encouraging detection inside the cell nucleus boundary. Experimental results on two challenging datasets reveal that the proposed SP-CNN and TSP-CNN can outperform the state-of-the-art alternatives.

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Serious shortcomings in assessment and treatment of asylum seekers' mental health needs. The prevalence of psychological complaints is known to be very high in populations of asylum seekers. Despite this, data on the health care system's ability to adequately meet these high-risk populations' mental health needs are scarce. This article investigates how well the German outpatient health care system is able to detect and adequately treat them.

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Waiting list eradication in secondary care psychology: Addressing a National Health Service blind spot. Waiting times for secondary care psychological therapy remain a 'blind spot' in serious mental illness (SMI) provision, and their reduction is a priority within the National Health Service (NHS) Five Year Forward View. The paper describes the eradication of waiting times within a community-based NHS service and the effectiveness of strategies whilst examining help-seeking behaviour, compliance and therapeutic need.

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Inclusion of biological knowledge in a Bayesian shrinkage model for joint estimation of SNP effects. With the aim of improving detection of novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genetic association studies, we propose a method of including prior biological information in a Bayesian shrinkage model that jointly estimates SNP effects. We assume that the SNP effects follow a normal distribution centered at zero with variance controlled by a shrinkage hyperparameter. We use biological information to define the amount of shrinkage applied on the SNP effects distribution, so that the effects of SNPs with more biological support are less shrunk toward zero, thus being more likely detected. The performance of the method was tested in a simulation study (1,000 datasets, 500 subjects with ∼200 SNPs in 10 linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks) using a continuous and a binary outcome. It was further tested in an empirical example on body mass index (continuous) and overweight (binary) in a dataset of 1,829 subjects and 2,614 SNPs from 30 blocks. Biological knowledge was retrieved using the bioinformatics tool Dintor, which queried various databases. The joint Bayesian model with inclusion of prior information outperformed the standard analysis: in the simulation study, the mean ranking of the true LD block was 2.8 for the Bayesian model versus 3.6 for the standard analysis of individual SNPs; in the empirical example, the mean ranking of the six true blocks was 8.5 versus 9.3 in the standard analysis. These results suggest that our method is more powerful than the standard analysis. We expect its performance to improve further as more biological information about SNPs becomes available.

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Venomous Snake and Spider Bites in Pregnancy. Venomous snake and spider bites are relatively rare in the Unites States and even more so in the pregnant population. However, the impact of a venomous bite, also known as an envenomation, can be serious in a pregnant patient. Thus, providers in endemic and high-risk areas must be familiar with the management of envenomation in the pregnant population.

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Paternal lineages in southern Iberia provide time frames for gene flow from mainland Europe and the Mediterranean world. The geography of southern Iberia and an abundant archaeological record of human occupation are ideal conditions for a full understanding of scenarios of genetic history in the area. Recent advances in the phylogeography of Y-chromosome lineages offer the opportunity to set upper bounds for the appearance of different genetic components.

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Gametophyte niche differences among sympatric tree ferns. Forest community assembly is usually framed in terms of sporophyte dynamics; however, the recruitment and maintenance of fern populations, frequently influential in forest composition and structure, are initially determined by gametophytes. Sporophytes of three Cyathea tree fern species show habitat partitioning along gradients of phosphorus and light; we asked whether gametophyte niche differences parallel this pattern. To compare niche characteristics among taxa we compared growth rates to a size threshold (≥3 mm) of gametophytes under controlled conditions using a multi-factorial, multi-level (3 × 4) experiment, varying irradiance (5.4 ± 4.4; 59.1 ± 44.3; 107 ± 74.1 µmol m -2 s -1 ) and orthophosphate concentrations (5, 10, 20, 40 mg kg -1 ). Gametophytes of the pioneer species C. medullaris developed to the size threshold across a broad range of phosphate and irradiance treatments (more than 20% of gametophytes in ≥ 7 of the 12 treatments), peaking at 20 mg kg -1 P and 60 µmol m -2 s -1 irradiance. The growth rates of the forest understorey species C. dealbata and C. smithii also peaked at 60 µmol m -2 s -1 but varied across treatments, suggesting niche differentiation along irradiance and orthophosphate gradients. Our analysis suggests that gametophyte development is strategically aligned to the ecological habits of sporophytes and that forest community assembly is likely strongly influenced by the independent gametophyte life-stage.

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Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties of Phragmanthera capitata (Sprengel) Balle (Loranthaceae), a Mistletoe Growing on Rubber Tree, Using the Dilution Techniques. The alarming increase in multidrug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to conventional drugs in recent years has prompted the search for new leads in alternative remedies in natural products. Hence, this study was aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial properties of Phragmanthera capitata , a parasitic mistletoe growing on rubber trees. The in vitro antimicrobial activities of the acetone, methanol, ethanol, and aqueous extracts were investigated using five gram-negative and five gram-positive bacteria and four fungi. A 96-well resazurin broth and agar dilution techniques were used for the determination of the Minimum Inhibitory and Bactericidal Concentrations. The antibacterial activity of the organic extracts had comparative effects on all the bacteria with a MIC of 1.25 to 5 mg/mL and MBC of 2.5 to 10 mg/mL. However, the acetone extract showed higher bactericidal effect while the aqueous extract was not active. The organic solvent extracts also showed antifungal activities on two of the fungi with a MIC of 1.25 mg/mL to 10 mg/mL. However, the aqueous extract had the highest activity inhibiting all the fungi with a MIC of ≤0.3125 to 1.25 mg/mL. The study supports the ethnomedicinal claims of P. capitata as a remedy for the diseases/infections caused by these organisms.

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Light electric vehicle charging strategy for low impact on the grid. The alarming increase in the average temperature of the planet due to the massive emission of greenhouse gases has stimulated the introduction of electric vehicles (EV), given transport sector is responsible for more than 25% of the total global CO 2 emissions. EV penetration will substantially increase electricity demand and, therefore, an optimization of the EV recharging scenario is needed to make full use of the existing electricity generation system without upgrading requirements. In this paper, a methodology based on the use of the temporal valleys in the daily electricity demand is developed for EV recharge, avoiding the peak demand hours to minimize the impact on the grid. The methodology assumes three different strategies for the recharge activities: home, public buildings, and electrical stations. It has been applied to the case of Spain in the year 2030, assuming three different scenarios for the growth of the total fleet: low, medium, and high. For each of them, three different levels for the EV penetration by the year 2030 are considered: 25%, 50%, and 75%, respectively. Only light electric vehicles (LEV), cars and motorcycles, are taken into account given the fact that batteries are not yet able to provide the full autonomy desired by heavy vehicles. Moreover, heavy vehicles have different travel uses that should be separately considered. Results for the fraction of the total recharge to be made in each of the different recharge modes are deduced with indication of the time intervals to be used in each of them. For the higher penetration scenario, 75% of the total park, an almost flat electricity demand curve is obtained. Studies are made for working days and for non-working days.

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Hidden in plain sight: Is there a crucial role for enthesitis assessment in the treatment and monitoring of axial spondyloarthritis? To review the evidence surrounding the pathophysiology of enthesitis in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), its prevalence and contribution to the overall disease burden, and response to treatment at axial and peripheral sites.

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Sirtuins 1-7 expression in human adipose-derived stem cells from subcutaneous and visceral fat depots: influence of obesity and hypoxia. The sirtuin family comprises seven NAD + -dependent deacetylases which control the overall health of organisms through the regulation of pleiotropic metabolic pathways. Sirtuins are important modulators of adipose tissue metabolism and their expression is higher in lean than obese subjects. At present, the role of sirtuins in adipose-derived stem cells has not been investigated yet. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the expression of the complete panel of sirtuins in adipose-derived stem cells isolated from both subcutaneous and visceral fat of non-obese and obese subjects. We aimed at investigating the influence of obesity on sirtuins' levels, their role in obesity-associated inflammation, and the relationship with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta, which also plays functions in adipose tissue metabolism. The mRNA levels in the four types of adipose-derived stem cells were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, in untreated cells and also after 8 h of hypoxia exposure. Correlations among sirtuins' expression and clinical and molecular parameters were also analyzed. We found that sirtuin1-6 exhibited significant higher mRNA expression in visceral adipose-derived stem cells compared to subcutaneous adipose-derived stem cells of non-obese subjects. Sirtuin1-6 levels were markedly reduced in visceral adipose-derived stem cells of obese patients. Sirtuins' expression in visceral adipose-derived stem cells correlated negatively with body mass index and C-reactive protein and positively with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta. Finally, only in the visceral adipose-derived stem cells of obese patients hypoxia-induced mRNA expression of all of the sirtuins. Our results highlight that sirtuins' levels in adipose-derived stem cells are consistent with protective effects against visceral obesity and inflammation, and suggest a transcriptional mechanism through which acute hypoxia up-regulates sirtuins in the visceral adipose-derived stem cells of obese patients.

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Physical activity, sedentary behavior and functionality in older adults: A cross-sectional path analysis. Disability is negatively associated with the health of older adults, and it can be mediated by healthy lifestyles and behaviors throughout one's life. In this context, understanding the interrelationships between sedentary behavior, physical activity and functionality may assist in the implementation of effective public health actions. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between both physical activity and sedentary behavior and functionality in older adults and the possible mediators. The variables analyzed were selected according to the content analysis of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model, and included activity, participation, health conditions, body functions and structures, environmental factors and personal factors. 419 individuals participated in the study. Physical activity was directly associated with disability in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and the association was mediated by self-esteem, aerobic endurance, and agility/balance. Sedentary behavior was indirectly associated with IADL disability, and the association was mediated by aerobic resistance, nutritional status, and agility/balance. Regarding the basic activities of daily living (BADL), physical activity showed an indirect association mediated by aerobic resistance and IADL. The association of sedentary behavior with BADL was mediated by aerobic resistance and lower limb flexibility. These results reinforce the idea that functionality is multidimensional, and the mediating factors must be considered when strategies for promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior are designed.

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Reverse Micelles As Antioxidant Carriers: An Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Study. Water-in-oil microemulsions with biocompatible components were formulated to be used as carriers of natural antioxidants, such as hydroxytyrosol (HT) and gallic acid (GA). The system was composed of a mixture of natural surfactants, lecithin and monoglycerides, medium chain triglycerides, and aqueous phase. A dual approach was undertaken to study the structure and dynamics of these complicated systems. First, experimental data were collected by using adequate techniques, such as dynamic light scattering (DLS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Following this, a coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) study based on the experimental composition using the MARTINI force field was conducted. The simulations revealed the spontaneous formation of reverse micelles (RMs) starting from completely random initial conformations, underlying their enhanced thermodynamic stability. The location of the bioactive molecules, as well as the structure of the RM, were in accordance with the experimental findings. Furthermore, GA molecules were found to be located inside the water core, in contrast to the HT ones, which seem to lie at the surfactant interfacial layer. The difference in the antioxidants' molecular location was only revealed in detail from the computational analysis and explains the RM's swelling observed by GA in DLS measurements.

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Application of ANN and RSM on fluoride removal using chemically activated D. sissoo sawdust. Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were used to generate a model for the optimization of fluoride removal using chemically activated Dalbergia sissoo sawdust (CADS). The single and collective effects of process parameters, i.e., solution pH, CADS dose, initial fluoride concentration, and contact time, were studied. The point of zero charge was found to be 4.2 with zeta potential analysis. In the first phase, a single-parameter study was performed to reveal dependency of fluoride removal on a particular process parameter. Positive effects of increment in CADS dose and contact time and negative effects of solution pH and initial fluoride concentration were observed. The second phase included RSM in which analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to test the feasibility of the mathematical model. The F value 1.91, R 2 value 0.87, and P value 0.11 show significance of the proposed model. Results obtained from the experiment set for central composite design (CCD) were used to predict the ANN response. Reasonable acceptable values of regression for training, test, and validation (0.76, 0.93, and 0.37) represent the suitability of the model. The ANN predicted 22.1% fluoride removal, which was close to the actual value (20.1%) and was comparable with CCD prediction (25.0%). BET surface area of CADS was found to be 76.33 m 2 /g. FTIR was performed to recognize the functional groups available for fluoride binding while SEM and EDX were conducted to ensure the changes in adsorbent surface morphology. Regeneration of CADS was feasible using an alkali medium. This study shows that CADS can be used for fluoride removal from aqueous stream in an efficient way.

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Is big bad or bearable? Long-term renal transplant outcomes in obese recipients. The global obesity epidemic has implications for kidney transplantation. There are conflicting reports regarding the impact of obesity on long-term post-transplant outcomes.

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Thousands of reptile species threatened by under-regulated global trade. Wildlife trade is a key driver of the biodiversity crisis. Unregulated, or under-regulated wildlife trade can lead to unsustainable exploitation of wild populations. International efforts to regulate wildlife mostly miss 'lower-value' species, such as those imported as pets, resulting in limited knowledge of trade in groups like reptiles. Here we generate a dataset on web-based private commercial trade of reptiles to highlight the scope of the global reptile trade. We find that over 35% of reptile species are traded online. Three quarters of this trade is in species that are not covered by international trade regulation. These species include numerous endangered or range-restricted species, especially hotspots within Asia. Approximately 90% of traded reptile species and half of traded individuals are captured from the wild. Exploitation can occur immediately after scientific description, leaving new endemic species especially vulnerable. Pronounced gaps in regulation imply trade is having unknown impacts on numerous threatened species. Gaps in monitoring demand a reconsideration of international reptile trade regulations. We suggest reversing the status-quo, requiring proof of sustainability before trade is permitted.

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Future Intraocular Lens Technologies. The future of intraocular lens (IOL) technology has already begun with a number of recent innovations. The postoperative change of refractive power will lead to a customized fine-tuning that provides patients with the individual vision they expect and with as much spectacle independence as possible. The latest-generation (2.0) Light-Adjustable Lens (RxSight) was recently introduced into clinical practice, with the first results being very encouraging. Other methods of altering the power of an already implanted IOL are under development. The same can be said about the correction of presbyopia, the so-called last frontier in refractive surgery. Extended depth-of-focus IOLs have been introduced, as has the technology of the pinhole IOL. The latter has therapeutic potential beyond the refractive aspect and has already proven helpful in cases of iris defects and irregular corneas. Several technologies are currently being tested to achieve-finally-an accommodative IOL. One such concept uses the (remaining) strength of the ciliary muscle, whereas another is triggered by the pupil reaction when shifting focus from far to near. Not an IOL itself, but rather a high-tech innovation that so far has mostly been implanted during cataract surgery, is a microelectronic sensor that measures habitual intraocular pressure (IOP) at any given time and promises to revolutionize the management of glaucoma patients. The last generation of this device (Eyemate; Implandata Opthalmics Products GmbH) is implanted during small-incision cataract surgery; the latest development is an even smaller sensor that will be inserted suprachoroidally before, in the near future, such a device will be part of a capsular ring. These IOP sensors are a prime example that IOL technology will continue to be a driving force in ophthalmology, with a positive impact far beyond cataract surgery.

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Superhydrophobic, mechanically durable coatings for controllable light and magnetism driven actuators. Although some groundbreaking work has proved the feasibility of non-contact Marangoni propulsion generated by combination of the superhydrophobicity and photothermal effect, there are still challenges including the strong interfacial adhesion, multifunctional structural design and superior durability. In this paper, a simple two-step spraying method is used to prepare superhydrophobic and multi-functional fluorinated acidified carbon nanotubes (F-ACNTs)/Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coatings. The introduction of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles and F-ACNTs not merely improve the surface roughness but also endow the coating with the outstanding magnetic property and photothermal conversion performance. The PDMS can reduce the surface energy and also improve the interfacial adhesion between the nanofillers and the substrate (the filter paper). The superhydrophobicity can be maintained when the material experiences abrasion, near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation and acid treatment, exhibiting outstanding durability. The highly stable superhydrophobic coating introduces a thin layer of air to decrease the drag force between the filter paper and the water surface, and can be used for controlled self-propelled light-driven motion and magnetic-driven motion. The movement can be manipulated by adjusting the direction of the incident NIR light and magnetic field. In particular, the superhydrophobic and superoleophilic coating based actuators can be easily driven to the oil-contaminated area on the water surface by using a magnet for high efficiency oil removal. This work provides a simple and universal strategy for developing intelligent and multi-responsive actuators possessing promising applications in various fields such as environmental protection, micro-robots and biomedicine.

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Adoption of green innovations in project-based firms: An integrating view of cognitive and emotional framing. It has been observed that project-based firms (PBFs) cause serious environmental problems. In order to reduce the negative impact on the environment, PBFs pay more attention to green innovations. This study investigated how top management team (TMT) cognitive framing (i.e. capability development, organizational identity, and corporate social responsibility) and emotional framing (i.e. threat, ambivalence and opportunity) influence the adoption of green innovations in PBFs. Using the method of multi-value Qualitative Comparative Analysis (mvQCA), the research analyzed the data from 29 cases in China. The results showed that in PBFs, the TMT with an expanded cognitive framing and an ambivalent emotional framing and the TMT with a moderately flexible cognitive framing and an opportunity emotional framing will adopt green innovations. On the contrary, the TMT with a moderately flexible cognitive framing and a threat emotional framing and the TMT with a contracted cognitive framing will not adopt green innovations. Six propositions were proposed based on the results. Findings contribute to theory and research on environmental management by highlighting the configurational effects of TMT cognitive framing and emotional framing on adoption of green innovations in PBFs.

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Precarisation of dentistry in private healthcare: bioethical analysis. The present study highlighted the labour process of the dental surgeon (DS) in the private healthcare sector from the healthcare professional's perspective based on intervention bioethics. An observational, cross-sectional survey study was performed within the Federal District (Distrito Federal) region. Data were collected from 108 questionnaires completed by DSs affiliated with two types of private health insurers, self-insurance and group insurance, to assess job perception and the degree of job satisfaction in the dentistry market. The main source of dissatisfaction for healthcare professionals was related to the pay for dental procedures by insurers. For self-insurer 1, 38.1% healthcare professionals replied that the pay was satisfactory, whereas in self-insurance 2 and in the group insurance, 100% of healthcare professionals were dissatisfied. Another finding was that the group insurer considerably restricted elective treatments. In conclusion, loss of professional autonomy, depreciation of insurance claims and precarisation of dentistry occurs in the private healthcare sector, thus demonstrating the ethical conflicts in this relationship.

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Properties and hemispheric differences of theta oscillations in the human hippocampus. The left and right primate hippocampi (LH and RH) are thought to support distinct functions, but little is known about differences between the hemispheres at the neuronal level. We recorded single-neuron and local field potentials from the human hippocampus in epilepsy patients implanted with depth electrodes. We detected theta-frequency bouts of oscillatory activity while patients performed a visual recognition memory task. Theta appeared in bouts of 3.16 cycles, with sawtooth-shaped oscillations that had a prolonged downswing period. Outside the seizure onset zone, the average frequency of theta bouts was higher in the RH compared to the LH (6.0 vs. 5.3 Hz). LH theta bouts had lower amplitudes and a higher prevalence compared to the RH (26% vs. 21% of total time). Additionally, the RH contained a population of thin spiking visually tuned neurons that were not present in the LH. These data show that human theta appears in short oscillatory bouts whose properties vary between hemispheres, thereby revealing neurophysiological properties of the hippocampus that differ between the hemispheres.

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Policy-makers' perspectives on implementation of cross-sectoral nutrition policies, Western Pacific Region. Implementation of effective cross-sectoral nutrition policies remains a challenge worldwide. By reviewing reports from World Health Organization meetings and consultations - convened for policy-makers representing Member States of the Western Pacific Region - we provide an insight into how national policy-makers and external actors can support different dimensions of nutrition policy implementation. Key insights of policy-makers attending food and nutrition-centred meetings include that country-level implementation of nutrition policy relies on strong policy design, organizational planning and governance mechanisms that promote collective responsibility across multiple sectors. Policy-makers responsible for implementing nutrition policies face major challenges resulting from limited capacity, both within and external to government, particularly in relation to monitoring and enforcement activities. Successful implementation of nutrition policy measures will require greater political will to provide the requisite resources and institutional structures to ensure sustained policy effectiveness. Nongovernmental partners, including international agencies and researchers, have an opportunity to support policy implementation by providing technical support to Member States to frame action on nutrition in a more compelling way. They can also help policy-makers to build the organizational and structural capacity to coordinate cross-sectoral policy. Improved policy design, planning and governance and strategic capacity-building, supported by external partners, can strengthen the sustained implementation of cross-sectoral nutrition policy and improve nutrition outcomes.

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Early discharge in Mild Acute Pancreatitis. Is it possible? Observational prospective study in a tertiary-level hospital. In acute pancreatitis (AP), first 24 h are crucial as this is the period in which the greatest amount of patients presents an organ failure. This suggests patients with Mild AP (MAP) could be early identified and discharged. This is an observational prospective trial with the aim to demonstrate the safety of early discharge in Mild Acute Pancreatitis (MAP).

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Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices and native arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients: novel perspectives. The benefits from cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED) implantation in hemodialysis (HD) patients are still far to be thoroughly defined, especially on primary prevention. In addition, CIED placement is not a risk-free procedure, because it could be followed by a not negligible burden of complications that could compromise the health and the vascular access of HD patients. In fact, the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) dysfunction following CIED implantation is usually due to a hemodynamically significant alteration of blood flow. This condition could lead to a potential decrease of dialysis efficacy and a raised risk of thrombosis of both the central vein and the efferent vein of the AVF.The pathological pathway that leads to AVF dysfunction after CIED implantation may involve the irritating actions of the CIED and their leads to the vascular wall in HD patients that are more prone to show previous vascular diseases.The aim of this review is to focus the physiopathology of the CIED-induced AVF dysfunction, the current treatment strategies and the novel perspectives that could be taken into consideration and offered to the HD population to preserve both their AVF and their quality of life.

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Triceps-Sparing Approach for Distal Humerus Fixation. The triceps-sparing approach to the posterior humerus affords broad exposure for fracture fixation with a minor risk of radial nerve palsy. By using a muscle-sparing interval, the approach facilitates reduction and fixation of humeral shaft and extra-articular distal humerus fractures without injury to the triceps. This video demonstrates the triceps-sparing approach used in the surgical treatment of a 23-year-old man with an extra-articular distal humerus fracture.

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The Intersection Between Models of Health and How Healing Transpires: A Metaethnographic Synthesis of Complementary Medicine Practitioners' Perceptions. Introduction: This metaethnography provides an interpretative synthesis of complementary medicine (CM) practitioners' perceptions toward their health model and the healing process. CM is commonly described on the basis of its distinction from biomedicine with limited research available on CM practitioners' understanding of what the essence of their practice is and how healing transpires as a result. This is despite the significant patronage of CM and high rates of couse with biomedical services. Materials and Methods: An extensive and systematic search of the literature was conducted across seven databases (AMED, SINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, PUBMED, Science Direct, and Scopus) with no date, language, or region restrictions applied. The basis for the search was MeSH terms and keywords relating to (1) CM practitioners, (2) perceptions, and (3) healing. A screening process was conducted and articles were identified for inclusion based on their addressing the research question. These articles were then quality appraised. A seven-stage metaethnographic framework was utilized to assist with identifying and interpreting the themes within the data. Results: Following the screening process, merely 10 qualitative studies were identified, which represented practitioner views across 22 CM professions. CM practitioners believe they provide a distinct model of care informed by a traditional shared holistic and vitalistic philosophy. Nonspecific factors, such as an augmented therapeutic relationship, empathy, and patient empowerment, are actively and deliberately incorporated into the treatment process alongside specific interventions and afforded equal valued. Conclusions: This metaethnographic synthesis brings together the perceptions of CM practitioners on how healing transpires within the CM clinical setting. In a context of medical pluralism and aspirational integrative health care, this synthesis highlights the understanding and approach CM practitioners bring to health management and may assist in further defining CM philosophy and practice, and the positioning of CM in the contemporary health care landscape.

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Clinical implications of genome-wide DNA methylation studies in acute myeloid leukemia. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults. AML is a heterogeneous malignancy characterized by distinct genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. Recent genome-wide DNA methylation studies have highlighted an important role of dysregulated methylation signature in AML from biological and clinical standpoint. In this review, we will outline the recent advances in the methylome study of AML and overview the impacts of DNA methylation on AML diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

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Caregiver Shortage Reaches Critical Stage. Stronger economy and shifting demographics put providers in bind in search for workers.

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Bothynus entellus (LePeletier amp; Serville) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) species group: taxonomic revision and description of two new species. The Bothynus entellus (LePeletier Serville) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) species group is reviewed with redescriptions, diagnoses, illustrations, and separate identification keys to males and females. Distribution maps for all species in this species group are presented for the first time. Furthermore, two new species, Bothynus araya Duarte Grossi new species and Bothynus condacki Duarte Grossi new species, are described.

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Urinary metabolomic profiling in rats exposed to dietary di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is an omnipresent environmental chemical with widespread nonoccupational human exposure through multiple ways. Although considerable efforts have been invested to investigate mechanisms of DEHP toxicity, the key metabolic biomarkers of DEHP toxicity remain to be identified. The aim of this study was to assess the urinary metabonomics of dietary DEHP in rats using the technique of ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). Fourteen female Wistar rats were divided into two groups and given increasing dietary doses of DEHP for 30 consecutive days. The urinary metabolite profile was studied using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) enabled clusters to be clearly separated. Eleven principal urinary metabolites were identified as contributing to the clusters. The clusters in the positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode were xanthurenic acid, kynurenic acid, nonate, N6-methyladenosine, and L-isoleucyl-L-proline. The clusters in the negative ESI mode were hippuric acid, tetrahydrocortisol, citric acid, phenylpropionylglycine, cPA(18:2(9Z, 12Z)/0:0), and LysoPC(14:1(9Z)). The urinary metabonomic changes indicated that exposure to dietary DEHP can affect energy-related metabolism, liver and renal function, fatty acid metabolism, and cause DNA damage in rats. The findings of this study on the urinary metabolites and metabolic pathways of DEHP may form the basis for future studies on the mechanisms of toxicity of this commonly found environmental chemical.

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Inducible TDG knockout models to study epigenetic regulation. Mechanistic and functional studies by gene disruption or editing approaches often suffer from confounding effects like compensatory cellular adaptations generated by clonal selection. These issues become particularly relevant when studying factors directly involved in genetic or epigenetic maintenance. To provide a genetic tool for functional and mechanistic investigation of DNA-repair mediated active DNA demethylation, we generated experimental models in mice and murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) based on a minigene of the thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG). The loxP -flanked miniTdg is rapidly and reliably excised in mice and ESCs by tamoxifen-induced Cre activation, depleting TDG to undetectable levels within 24 hours. We describe the functionality of the engineered miniTdg in mouse and ESCs (TDGiKO ESCs) and validate the pluripotency and differentiation potential of TDGiKO ESCs as well as the phenotype of induced TDG depletion. The controlled and rapid depletion of TDG allows for a precise manipulation at any point in time of multistep experimental procedures as presented here for neuronal differentiation in vitro . Thus, we provide a tested and well-controlled genetic tool for the functional and mechanistic investigation of TDG in active DNA (de)methylation and/or DNA repair with minimal interference from adaptive effects and clonal selection.

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The effect of additional aeration of liquid on the atomization process for a pneumatic nebulizer. At this paper the effect of aeration on the droplet size distribution of the aerosol have been analyzed. The atomization process was carried out using a pneumatic nebulizer which was equipped with a modified nebulizer cup. This modified nebulizer cup was combined with an additional source of gas bubbles. The measurements of the droplet sizes obtained by the use of the digital microphotography method and analyzed by Image-Pro Plus software. The analysis of the experimental studies proved that an increase in the flow rates of additional gas leads to the increase in the number of small droplets and the decrease of the number of drops of large diameter. Additionally, the mean droplet diameter decreases with the increase of the flow rate of aeration gas. A correlation equation was proposed, which describes the relationship between the mean diameter of droplet and the volumetric flow rate of additional gas. The increase in the bubble volume discharging through a single orifice causes the increase of the flow rate of aeration gas. The modifications of construction of atomizer lead to the better effectiveness of nebulization.

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Investigation of reliability, validity, and cutoff value of the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test. This is a cross-sectional study.

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Effects of cinnamaldehyde on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, some biochemical and hematological parameters in diabetic rats. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder related to blood insulin deficiency and high glucose level. Cinnamaldehyde is an important component of cinnamon and has an effect on blood glucose.

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Brazilian fruit processing, wastes as a source of lipase and other biotechnological products: a review. The global food loss and waste is the most urgent research area in food science to attend the current demand for more sustainable and profitable processes. Along the productive chain about 1/3 of the food is lost or wasted, this number reaches 1/2 for fruit and vegetable production in developing countries. Brazil has been investing in researches aiming to turn its wastes into byproducts, as biomolecules of high value such as lipases. These enzymes are found in a high diversity of plant sources and their researches are covered by promising market growth expectations due to the current demand for biofuels and bio-transformed food. Thus, the aim of the present study is to discuss the potential of wastes generated by the Brazilian fruit processing to become a source of lipases, by the analysis of the most recent studies on fruit lipases, as well as the inclusion of this process in the biorefinery concept. According to this concept, different products can be obtained from the same raw material. Considering the confirmation of the presence of lipases on fruit wastes, the annual fruit production and the percentage of residues, the assessed data showed that wastes from the processing of orange, mango, papaya and palmare promising for lipase obtainment.

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A prospective evaluation of the 'C.O.A.C.H.E.D.' cognitive aid for emergency defibrillation. International guidelines recommend that interruptions to chest compressions are minimised during defibrillation. As a result, some resuscitation educators have adopted a more structured approach to defibrillation. One such approach is the 'C.O.A.C.H.E.D.' cognitive aid (Continue compressions, Oxygen away, All others away, Charging, Hands off, Evaluate, Defibrillate or Disarm). To date, there are no studies assessing the use of this cognitive aid.

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Transcranial direct current stimulation improve symptoms and modulates cortical inhibition in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A TMS-EEG study. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling condition for which approximately 40% of patients do not respond to first-line treatment. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a safe and accessible technique that modulates cortical excitability and inhibition, but evidence of its efficacy for OCD is insufficient.

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Dietary live yeast and mannan-oligosaccharide supplementation attenuate intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction induced by Escherichia coli in broilers. The effects of live yeast (LY) and mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation on intestinal disruption induced by Escherichia coli in broilers were investigated. The experimental design was a 3×2 factorial arrangement with three dietary treatments (control, 0·5 g/kg LY (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 1·0×1010 colony-forming units/g), 0·5 g/kg MOS) and two immune treatments (with or without E. coli challenge from 7 to 11 d of age). Samples were collected at 14 d of age. The results showed that E. coli challenge impaired (P<0·05) growth performance during the grower period (1-21 d) and the overall period (1-35 d) of broilers, increased (P<0·05) serum endotoxin and diamine oxidase levels coupled with ileal myeloperoxidase and lysozyme activities, whereas reduced (P<0·05) maltase activity, and compromised the morphological structure of the ileum. Besides, it increased (P<0·05) the mRNA expressions of several inflammatory genes and reduced occludin expression in the ileum. Dietary treatment with both LY and MOS reduced (P<0·05) serum diamine oxidase and ileal myeloperoxidase levels, but elevated villus height (P<0·10) and the ratio of villus height:crypt depth (P<0·05) of the ileum. It also alleviated (P<0·05) E. coli-induced increases (P<0·05) in ileal Toll-like receptor 4, NF-κ B and IL-1 β expressions. Moreover, LY supplementation reduced (P<0·05) feed conversion ratio of birds during the grower period and enhanced (P<0·05) the community diversity (Shannon and Simpson indices) of ileal microbiota, whereas MOS addition counteracted (P<0·05) the decreased ileal IL-10 and occludin expressions in challenged birds. In conclusion, both LY and MOS supplementation could attenuate E. coli-induced intestinal disruption by alleviating intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction in broilers. Moreover, LY addition could improve intestinal microbial community structure and feed efficiency of broilers.

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Hematologic indices in individuals with pathogenic germline DICER1 variants. Pathogenic germline variants in DICER1 underlie an autosomal dominant, pleiotropic tumor-predisposition disorder. Murine models with the loss of DICER1 in hematopoietic stem cell progenitors demonstrate hematologic aberrations that include reductions in red and white blood cell counts, hemoglobin volume, and impaired maturation resulting in dysplasia. We investigated whether hematologic abnormalities such as those observed in DICER1-deficient mice were observed in humans with a pathogenic germline variant in DICER1. A natural history study of individuals with germline pathogenic DICER1 variants and family controls conducted through the National Cancer Institute (NCI) evaluated enrollees at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center during a comprehensive clinical outpatient visit that included collecting routine clinical laboratory studies. These were compared against normative laboratory values and compared between the DICER1 carriers and controls. There were no statistical differences in routine clinical hematology laboratory studies observed in DICER1 carriers and family controls. A review of the medical history of DICER1 carriers showed that none of the individuals in the NCI cohort developed myelodysplastic syndrome or leukemia. Query of the International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 Registry revealed 1 DICER1 carrier who developed a secondary leukemia after treatment of pleuropulmonary blastoma. We found limited evidence that the hematologic abnormalities observed in murine DICER1 models developed in our cohort of DICER1 carriers. In addition, no cases of myelodysplastic syndrome were observed in either the NCI cohort or the International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 Registry; 1 case of presumed secondary leukemia was reported. Abnormalities in hematologic indices should not be solely attributed to DICER1. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01247597.

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Dietary habits in adolescence and midlife and risk of breast cancer in older women. Recent studies indicate that lifestyle factors in early life affect breast cancer risk. We therefore explored the association of high consumption of meat, milk, and whole grain products in adolescence and midlife, on breast cancer risk. We used data from the population based AGES-Reykjavik cohort (2002-2006), where 3,326 women with a mean age of 77 years (SD 6.0) participated. For food items and principal component derived dietary patterns we used Cox proportional models to calculate multivariate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). During a mean follow-up of 8.8 years, 97 women were diagnosed with breast cancer. For both adolescence and midlife, daily consumption of rye bread was positively associated with breast cancer (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.6 and HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-2.9, respectively). In contrast, persistent high consumption of oatmeal was negatively associated with breast cancer (0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.9). No association was found for other food items or dietary patterns that included rye bread. High rye bread consumption in adolescence and midlife may increase risk of late-life breast cancer whilst persistent consumption of oatmeal may reduce the risk.

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Research on the mechanism of multilayer spiral fog screen dust removal at the comprehensive excavation face. To solve the problem of the inability of traditional spray dust removal technology to efficiently restrain dust diffusion at the heading face, a multilayer spiral fog curtain dust control method based on spirally arranged pneumatic nozzles is proposed. In this paper, the k-ɛ turbulence model and K-H droplet breakage model are used. First, different airflow fields are analyzed by simulating the simultaneous injection of different numbers of nozzles, and the motion law of airflow interaction is obtained. Taking the two-layer fog curtain as an example, a multiphysical field coupling numerical simulation of the two-layer spiral fog curtain applied in the field is carried out, and the variation law of its velocity field distribution and particle motion characteristics is analyzed. A similar experimental platform is established to verify the effectiveness of the simulation results and the feasibility of the dust removal scheme. The simulation results show that the double helix arrangement will form a rotating airflow with the cutting arm as the axis to cover the whole roadway section and produce a double-layer spiral fog curtain. The water mist is fragmented into smaller fog droplets under the action of rotating airflow, which improves the dust catching effect of the fog curtain. Experiments show that the dust removal rate and efficiency of multilayer spiral fog curtains are obviously stronger than those of natural dust reduction and traditional spray. After 3 minutes, a dust concentration of approximately 470 mg/m3 can be reduced to less than 4 mg/m3. The average dust removal rates of total dust and exhaled dust were 2.600 mg/(m3.s) and 0.189 mg/(m3.s), respectively, and the dust removal efficiencies were 97.01% and 94.32%.

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Lessons learnt from the first dual-specialty conference in oral and maxillofacial surgery led by medical students. There remains limited formal teaching and placements in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) in medical schools. OMFS incorporates surgical techniques and attends to conditions that overlap with specialties such as plastic, and ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgery. With an aim to introduce medical undergraduates to OMFS and promote links to clinical OMFS departments, we hereby report the successful organisation and impact of a locally-arranged, undergraduate, dual-specialty conference.

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Plasma proteoglycan prolargin in diagnosis and differentiation of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Right ventricular dysfunction may arise because of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Development of new diagnostic methods able to identify PAH and allow for earlier treatment initiation, before the development of vascular remodelling and manifest right heart failure (HF), could potentially improve prognosis. Proteoglycans and inflammatory proteins are involved in vascular remodelling. We aimed to investigate their potential as biomarkers to differentiate PAH in a dyspnoeic population.

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Clinical management and biology of tumor dormancy in breast cancer. Clinical tumor dormancy is specified as an extended latency period between removal of the primary tumor and subsequent relapse in a cancer patient who has been clinically disease-free. In particular, patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer can undergo extended periods of more than five years before they relapse with overt metastatic disease. Recent studies have shown that minimal residual disease in breast cancer patients can be monitored by different liquid biopsy approaches like analysis of circulating tumor cells or cell-free tumor DNA. Even though the biological principles underlying tumor dormancy in breast cancer patients remain largely unknown, clinical observations and experimental studies have identified emerging mechanisms that control the state of tumor dormancy. In this review, we illustrate the latest discoveries on different molecular aspects that contribute to the control of tumor dormancy and distant metastatic relapse, then discuss current treatments affecting minimal residual disease and dormant cancer cells, and finally highlight how novel liquid biopsy based diagnostic methodologies can be integrated into the detection and molecular characterization of minimal residual disease.

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Embryogenesis of flattened colonies implies the innovation required for the evolution of spheroidal colonies in volvocine green algae. Volvocine algae provide a suitable model for investigation of the evolution of multicellular organisms. Within this group, evolution of the body plan from flattened to spheroidal colonies is thought to have occurred independently in two different lineages, Volvocaceae and Astrephomene. Volvocacean species undergo inversion to form a spheroidal cell layer following successive cell divisions during embryogenesis. During inversion, the daughter protoplasts change their shape and develop acute chloroplast ends (opposite to basal bodies). By contrast, Astrephomene does not undergo inversion; rather, its daughter protoplasts rotate during successive cell divisions to form a spheroidal colony. However, the evolutionary pathways of these cellular events involved in the two tactics for formation of spheroidal colony are unclear, since the embryogenesis of extant volvocine genera with ancestral flattened colonies, such as Gonium and Tetrabaena, has not previously been investigated in detail.

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Title/Abstract stringlengths 12 94.8k	T002 int64 0 1	T007 int64 0 1	T008 int64 0 1	T014 int64 0 1	T018 int64 0 1	T019 int64 0 1	T023 int64 0 1	T025 int64 0 1	T026 int64 0 1	T028 int64 0 1	T033 int64 0 1	T037 int64 0 1	T039 int64 0 1	T040 int64 0 1	T041 int64 0 1	T042 int64 0 1	T043 int64 0 1	T044 int64 0 1	T045 int64 0 1	T046 int64 0 1	T047 int64 0 1	T048 int64 0 1	T050 int64 0 1	T052 int64 0 1	T053 int64 0 1	T054 int64 0 1	T055 int64 0 1	T056 int64 0 1	T057 int64 0 1	T058 int64 0 1	T059 int64 0 1	T060 int64 0 1	T061 int64 0 1	T062 int64 0 1	T064 int64 0 1	T066 int64 0 1	T067 int64 0 1	T069 int64 0 1	T070 int64 0 1	T073 int64 0 1	T074 int64 0 1	T078 int64 0 1	T079 int64 0 1	T080 int64 0 1	T081 int64 0 1	T082 int64 0 1	T083 int64 0 1	T086 int64 0 1	T087 int64 0 1	T090 int64 0 1	T091 int64 0 1	T092 int64 0 1	T093 int64 0 1	T097 int64 0 1	T098 int64 0 1	T101 int64 0 1	T103 int64 0 1	T104 int64 0 1	T109 int64 0 1	T114 int64 0 1	T116 int64 0 1	T121 int64 0 1	T122 int64 0 1	T123 int64 0 1	T126 int64 0 1	T129 int64 0 1	T131 int64 0 1	T167 int64 0 1	T168 int64 0 1	T170 int64 0 1	T184 int64 0 1	T191 int64 0 1	T196 int64 0 1	T197 int64 0 1	T201 int64 0 1	T204 int64 0 1
Associations Between 30-Day Mortality, Specialist Nursing, and Daily Physician Ward Rounds in a National Stroke Registry. Background and Purpose- Well-organized stroke care is associated with better patient outcomes, but the most important organizational factors are unknown. Methods- Data were extracted from the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme of adults with acute stroke treated in stroke hospitals in England and Wales between April 2013 and March 2015. Multilevel models with random intercepts for hospitals were used to estimate the association of each variable with 30-day mortality to estimate the impact of admission to differently organized hospitals. Results- Of the 143 578 patients with acute stroke admitted to 154 hospitals, 14.4% died within 30 days of admission. In adjusted analyses, admission to hospitals with higher ratios of nurses trained in swallow screening was associated with reduced odds of death ( P=0.004), and admission to hospitals with daily physician ward rounds was associated with 10% lower odds of mortality compared with less-frequent ward rounds (95% CI, 0.82-0.98; P=0.013). Number of stroke admissions and overall ratio of registered nurses on duty at weekends were not found to be independently associated with mortality after adjustment for other factors. Conclusions- If these associations are causal, an extra 1332 deaths annually in England and Wales could be saved by hospitals providing care associated with a ratio of nurses trained in swallow screening of at least 3 per 10 beds and daily stroke physician ward rounds.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
The Quantified Behavioral Test Failed to Differentiate ADHD in Adolescents With Neurodevelopmental Problems. Objective: The Quantified Behavioral Test (QbTest) is a computerized diagnostic test for ADHD, used in clinical psychiatric care, but its validity may be questioned. We analyzed the QbTest's diagnostic validity and its relation to cognitive ability and psychosocial factors in an adolescent population with a high occurrence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Method: In total, 340 participants aged 15 years, completed the QbTest, along with questionnaires, clinical and intelligence quotient (IQ) assessments. Results: The clinical assessment resulted in 89 (26%) participants with ADHD. Area under curve (AUC) scores indicated a random to poor validity of the QbTest (AUC range = 0.48-0.64). QbTest scores of inattention and impulsivity correlated with IQ. Conclusion: The QbTest was insufficient as a diagnostic test for ADHD, and was not able to differentiate ADHD from other neurodevelopmental conditions. Clinicians should be aware of the dubious discriminating power of the QbTest.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
The Optimization of a Novel, Weak Bromo and Extra Terminal Domain (BET) Bromodomain Fragment Ligand to a Potent and Selective Second Bromodomain (BD2) Inhibitor. The profound efficacy, yet associated toxicity of pan-BET inhibitors is well documented. The possibility of an ameliorated safety profile driven by significantly selective (>100-fold) inhibition of a subset of the eight bromodomains is enticing, but challenging given the close homology. Herein, we describe the X-ray crystal structure-directed optimization of a novel weak fragment ligand with a pan-second bromodomain (BD2) bias, to potent and highly BD2 selective inhibitors. A template hopping approach, enabled by our parallel research into an orthogonal template ( 15 , GSK046), was the basis for the high selectivity observed. This culminated in two tool molecules, 20 (GSK620) and 56 (GSK549), which showed an anti-inflammatory phenotype in human whole blood, confirming their cellular target engagement. Excellent broad selectivity, developability, and in vivo oral pharmacokinetics characterize these tools, which we hope will be of broad utility to the field of epigenetics research.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Genetic diversity and phenotypic associations of feline caliciviruses from cats in Switzerland. Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common viral pathogen in domestic cats worldwide. The variable regions of the capsid (VP1) gene of FCV have one of the highest recorded rates of molecular evolution. Understanding the genetic diversity and phylogeny of FCV is a prerequisite to exploring the epidemiology and pathogenesis of this virus and to the development of efficacious vaccine strategies. In this study, we undertook a nationwide molecular characterization of FCV using for the first time nearly complete capsid (VP1) gene sequences. Sequences from 66 FCV samples were used to investigate the correlation between viral phylogeny and several traits, including geographic origin, signalment, husbandry, FCV vaccination and co-infections. Codon-based nucleotide alignment showed that individual nucleotides and their corresponding amino acid sites were either invariant or highly variable. Using a threshold of 20 % genetic distance in variable region E, FCV samples were grouped into 52 strains, 10 of which comprised two to three samples. Significant associations between FCV phylogeny and host characteristics were found, specifically the pedigree status of the cats, and two well-supported lineages were identified in which the current FCV strain definition was confounded. No correlation between viral genetic distances and geographic distances was evident. The greater resolution of the FCV phylogeny in this study compared to previous studies can be attributed to our use of more conserved regions of the capsid (VP1) gene; nonetheless, our results were still hampered by sequence saturation. The study highlights the need for whole-genome sequences for FCV phylogeny studies.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
The impact of PrEP: results from a multicenter Health Technology Assessment into the Italian setting. The use of oral tenofovir/emtricitabine (FTC/TDF) for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among high-risk people without Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), is emerging as an innovative strategy to decrease HIV epidemic. The study aims at evaluating the implications related to PrEP introduction, from a multidimensional point of view, as required by Health Technology Assessment (HTA) approach, with a particular attention on sustainability and social factors, influencing PrEP implementation.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Development of calcium phosphate/calcium sulfate biphasic biomedical material with hyaluronic acid containing collagenase and simvastatin for vital pulp therapy. In vital pulp therapy (VPT), a barrier is created with appropriate capping to protect the remaining pulp and thus maintain pulp vitality. Here, we evaluated the feasibility of a biphasic calcium phosphate cement (CPC)-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) biomaterial containing simvastatin (Sim) and collagenase (Col) for VPT.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
Review of the genus Daplasa Moore (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Lymantriinae) from China, with description of new species. The tussock moth genus Daplasa Moore, 1879 is reviewed from China. Hitherto four species are recognized, where one new species, D. nivisala sp. n., is described and one new combination D. melanoma (Collenette, 1938) comb. n. is proposed. Adults and their genital structures are provided, together with a key to the species of Daplasa with the occurrence in China.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
Hoxa11 and Hoxa13 facilitate slow-twitch muscle formation in C2C12 cells and indirectly affect the lipid deposition of 3T3-L1 cells. Muscle-fiber type in livestock skeletal muscles influences meat quality, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We previously showed that Homeobox A11 (Hoxa11) and Homeobox A13 (Hoxa13) are differentially expressed in fast- and slow-twitch muscles, but their effects on the formation of muscle-fiber types and intramuscular fat deposition have not been investigated. Here, our results revealed that overexpression of Hoxa11 and Hoxa13 delayed cell-cycle progression in C2C12 myoblasts, reduced their proliferation, and promoted their differentiation into slow-twitch muscle fibers. Knockdown experiments produced the opposite results. The conditioned media of differentiated C2C12 cells with Hoxa11/Hoxa13 overexpression or knockdown were harvested. Staining results showed that adipogenesis of preadipocytes was significantly promoted by Hoxa13 knockdown C2C12 cell culture medium. Changes in lipid accumulation were due to a reduction in lipid decomposition and an increase in triglyceride synthesis; genes related to fatty-acid synthesis were decreased. In conclusion, our study showed that Hoxa11 and Hoxa13 promote slow-twitch muscle formation and indirectly regulate preadipocyte adipogenesis, which may facilitate meat-quality improvement in the future.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
User Testing an Information Foraging Tool for Ambulatory Surgical Site Infection Surveillance. Surveillance for surgical site infections (SSIs) after ambulatory surgery in children requires a detailed manual chart review to assess criteria defined by the National Health and Safety Network (NHSN). Electronic health records (EHRs) impose an inefficient search process where infection preventionists must manually review every postsurgical encounter (< 30 days). Using text mining and business intelligence software, we developed an information foraging application, the SSI Workbench, to visually present which postsurgical encounters included SSI-related terms and synonyms, antibiotic, and culture orders.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
FTO variant is not associated with osteoarthritis in the Chinese Han population: replication study for a genome-wide association study identified risk loci. Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent form of arthritis worldwide and is the major cause of pain and loss of function in elderly people. A signal of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene had been reported in a genome-wide association study of osteoarthritis. The FTO polymorphism (rs8044769) might exert its effect on osteoarthritis through obesity, because it was reported as a body mass index-associated single-nucleotide polymorphism. And replication studies showed inconsistent results for this association. Our present study is to check the association of rs8044769 with osteoarthritis and body mass index in Chinese Han population.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Development and psychometric properties of the sound preference and hearing habits questionnaire (SP-HHQ). The aim of the study was, based on the individualisation of hearing aids (HA) and pre-sets for audio devices, to develop a questionnaire to determine the basis for profiling sound preferences and hearing habits to gather additional information usable for HA fitting and adjustment tools for audio-devices.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
RBM15-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification affects COVID-19 severity by regulating the expression of multitarget genes. Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by symptoms of lymphopenia and multiorgan damage, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To explore the function of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications in COVID-19, we performed microarray analyses to comprehensively characterize the m6A epitranscriptome. The results revealed distinct global m6A profiles in severe and mild COVID-19 patients. Programmed cell death and inflammatory response were the major biological processes modulated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Further, RBM15, a major m6A methyltransferase, was significantly elevated and positively correlated with disease severity. Silencing RBM15 drastically reduced lymphocyte death in vitro. Knockdown of RBM15 remarkably suppressed the expression levels of multitarget genes related to programmed cell death and inflammatory response. This study shows that SARS-CoV-2 infection alters the m6A epitranscriptome of lymphocytes, particularly in the case of severe patients. RBM15 regulated host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 by elevating m6A modifications of multitarget genes. These findings indicate that RBM15 can serve as a target for the treatment of COVID-19.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs in Dual Disorders: Current Evidence for Clinical Practice. Concurrent disorder or dual diagnosis refers to a combination of substance use disorders and mental disorders that occur in the same patient simultaneously. These conditions pose significant clinical and healthcare impacts and are often underdiagnosed, undertreated, and complex to manage.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandible Fractures Associated With the Introduction of an E-Scooter-Sharing System. With the introduction of an e-scooter-sharing system in Germany, standing electric scooters became popular modes of transportation in many urban areas. But the increase in popularity has resulted in an increase in traumatic injuries associated with e-scooter accidents. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the common fracture pattern of patients with mandible fractures as a result of an electric scooter accident. The authors performed a retrospective investigation of 52 patients who were admitted to the trauma unit of an oral and maxillofacial department from June until November 2019 with a fracture of the mandible. Our study investigated the first 6 months of e-scooter sharing system in a major city with more than 1 million inhabitants. Our cohort consists of 52 patients, 38 males, and 14 females with a mean age of 37 years. E-scooter related mandible fractures were with 21% the third biggest group, after physical assault and falls. 45% of these patients were intoxicated by alcohol. Furthermore, the majority of e-scooter patients presented more than one fracture of the mandible (73%). For our cohort, a typical combination of a symphysis or body fracture and bilateral affected ramus and/or condyle was the prevalent recorded fracture combination (55%) of e-scooter related traumata. Small scooter wheels, a speed of 15 miles or 20 kilometers per hour and the individual clinging to the handlebar falling predestinate these vehicles for accidents with craniofacial trauma. Among all cranio-facial traumas mandible fractures were mostly documented for e-scooter accidents. The severity of e-scooter related mandible fractures and their fracture pattern should be recognized by trauma units.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Function of restored wetlands for waterbird conservation in the Yellow Sea coast. To reduce the harm to wildlife caused by habitat loss and degradation, significant resources have been invested in habitat restoration worldwide. However, whether restored habitats can support wildlife communities similar to those natural ones remains unclear. Providing habitat for waterbirds, which are dependent on wetland for their survival, is a major target in many wetland restoration practices. Here we conducted a year-round waterbird survey at Chongming Dongtan, a national nature reserve established for waterbird conservation in the south Yellow Sea, in order to compare the characteristics of waterbird communities in four wetland types: restored wetlands, natural tidal wetlands, and two artificial wetlands (fish ponds and farmlands). We determined whether waterbird diversity and species composition differed among the wetland types. The results indicated that waterbird diversity, in terms of species richness, individual density, Shannon-Wiener diversity, functional diversity, and phylogenetic diversity, was generally similar in the restored and natural wetlands and was higher in the restored and natural wetlands than in fish ponds or farmlands. Most threatened species and exclusive species occurred in both natural and restored wetlands, but the overall species composition significantly differed between natural and restored wetlands. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis also indicated that waterbird community significantly differed among the wetland types. The results suggest that restored wetlands support substantial waterbird diversity but cannot replace natural wetlands because they lack the period tides that many tideland specialists (shorebirds) depend on. This study highlights the importance of protecting natural wetlands for waterbird conservation. We propose that both the diversity and species composition of wildlife communities should be considered in evaluating the effectiveness of habitat restoration for wildlife.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Microwave-assisted synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon dots using prickly pear as the carbon source and its application as a highly selective sensor for Cr(VI) and as a patterning agent. Preparation of water-dispersible carbon dots from inexpensive natural carbon precursors and its application for purposes such as sensing, bio-imaging and patterning agents is showing growing interest in recent years. In this study, we have reported the preparation of nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) using prickly pear as the carbon source and m -xylylenediamine as the nitrogen source using a one-step microwave-assisted synthetic process. The N-CDs prepared were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, XPS, powder-XRD, FT-IR, Raman, TEM, UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Doping of nitrogen in the N-CDs made them highly fluorescent and the study on their ion-recognition property revealed that they detect highly toxic Cr(VI) with high selectivity and sensitivity (LOD, 0.04 μM) and without interference from the other ions used in this study. By immobilizing these N-CDs onto filter paper, sensor strips were prepared for on-site monitoring/field applications and they were successfully used for the detection of Cr(VI) in water. Detailed spectral analysis revealed that the mechanism of Cr(VI) sensing involved a phenomenon called the "inner filter effect" and analysis of the fluorescence lifetime data suggested the "static quenching" of fluorescence intensity. These N-CDs were used to prepare fluorescent carbon ink and were successfully used as patterning agents.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
Identification of a novel strong promoter from the anhydrobiotic midge, Polypedilum vanderplanki, with conserved function in various insect cell lines. Larvae of the African midge Polypedilum vanderplanki (Diptera: Chironomidae) show a form of extreme desiccation tolerance known as anhydrobiosis. The cell line Pv11 was recently established from the species, and these cells can also survive under desiccated conditions, and proliferate normally after rehydration. Here we report the identification of a new promoter, 121, which has strong constitutive transcriptional activity in Pv11 cells and promotes effective expression of exogenous genes. Using a luciferase reporter assay, this strong transcriptional activity was shown to be conserved in cell lines from various insect species, including S2 (Drosophila melanogaster, Diptera), SaPe-4 (Sarcophaga peregrina, Diptera), Sf9 (Spodoptera frugiperda, Lepidoptera) and Tc81 (Tribolium castaneum, Coleoptera) cells. In conjunction with an appropriate selection maker gene, the 121 promoter was able to confer zeocin resistance on SaPe-4 cells and allowed the establishment of stable SaPe-4 cell lines expressing the fluorescent protein AcGFP1; this is the first report of heterologous gene expression in this cell line. These results show the 121 promoter to be a versatile tool for exogenous gene expression in a wide range of insect cell lines, particularly useful to those from non-model insect species.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Recent Emergence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Ontario, Canada: Early Serological and Entomological Indicators. Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), caused by the bacteria Anaplasma phagocytophilum , is transmitted to humans by blacklegged ticks ( Ixodes scapularis ) in eastern North America. To assess the emergence of A . phagocytophilum in Ontario, we analyzed patient serological and clinical data in combination with pathogen detection in blacklegged ticks from 2011 to 2017. Our sample population included all patients who had Anaplasma serological testing ordered by their physicians ( n = 851). Eighty-three patients (10.8%) were A . phagocytophilum seropositive (IgG titers ≥ 1:64) and 686 (89.2%) were seronegative (IgG titers < 1:64). Applying published surveillance case definitions, we classified zero as confirmed, five as probable, and 78 as suspected cases. The percentage of seropositive patients remained generally stable at 13.6%. Seropositive patients were most often adult females, 40-59 years of age, and reported nonspecific signs and symptoms, such as fatigue, headache, and fever. Higher seropositivity rates (≥ 1.5 patients per 100,000 population) occurred in eastern and northwestern Ontario. The percentage of A . phagocytophilum -positive blacklegged ticks, through passive and active surveillance, was 0.4 and 1.1%, respectively, and increased over time. Serological and entomological indicators of A . phagocytophilum activity increased in areas of the province with established blacklegged tick populations. The risk of HGA is presently low in Ontario; however, further research is required to document the epidemiology of HGA in the province. To minimize the impact of HGA emergence in Ontario, increased awareness and education of the public and health-care providers is recommended, with consideration to making HGA a reportable infection in Ontario.	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Evaluation of a commercial automatic treatment planning system for liver stereotactic body radiation therapy treatments. Automated treatment planning is a new frontier in radiotherapy. The Auto-Planning module of the Pinnacle 3 treatment planning system (TPS) was evaluated for liver stereotactic body radiation therapy treatments.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) positively regulates lipid catabolism and induces browning in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes. Browning induction (beiging) of white adipocytes is an emerging prospective strategy to defeat obesity and its related metabolic disorders. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), a membrane protein which belongs to the cytochrome P450 superfamily, reportedly functions in the xenobiotic metabolism in the body, especially ethanol metabolism. Although previous studies have reported the effect of CYP2E1 on obesity in animal models, the data remains controversial. In the current study, we investigate for the first time, the role of CYP2E1 in lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes, with a focus on fat browning.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pregnancy and childbirth in English prisons: institutional ignominy and the pains of imprisonment. With a prison population of approximately 9000 women in England, it is estimated that approximately 600 pregnancies and 100 births occur annually. Despite an extensive literature on the sociology of reproduction, pregnancy and childbirth among women prisoners is under-researched. This article reports an ethnographic study in three English prisons undertaken in 2015-2016, including interviews with 22 prisoners, six women released from prison and 10 staff members. Pregnant prisoners experience numerous additional difficulties in prison including the ambiguous status of a pregnant prisoner, physical aspects of pregnancy and the degradation of the handcuffed or chained prisoner during visits to the more public setting of hospital. This article draws on Erving Goffman's concepts of closed institutions, dramaturgy and mortification of self, Crewe et al.'s work on the gendered pains of imprisonment and Crawley's notion of 'institutional thoughtlessness', and proposes a new concept of institutional ignominy to understand the embodied situation of the pregnant prisoner.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Can Nonthermal Plasma Improve the Adhesion between Acrylic Resin for Ocular Prostheses and Silicone-Based Relining Material? To investigate the influence of nonthermal plasma (NTP) treatment on the tensile bond strength between heat-polymerized acrylic resin for ocular prostheses and silicone reliner, with and without the use of an adhesive primer.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
[Niche and interspecific association of major nekton in the sea area to the east of the Nanji Islands]. According to the fishery resources investigation data in the east of the Nanji Islands during autumn in 2017 and spring in 2018, the inter-specific relationships and ecological relationships between major nekton were analyzed via the index of relative importance, niche breadth, cluster analysis, niche overlap, χ 2 -test, variance ratio test, association coefficient, percentage of co-occurrence, and point correlation coefficients. The results showed that there were 30 major nekton species in this area. The dominant species were Harpadon nehereus, Portunus trituberculatus, and Oratosquilla oratoria. The niche width of these dominant species was relatively wide. Based on the cluster analysis of niche breadth, the 30 major nekton species could be divided into three categories, wide niche breadth species, moderate niche breath species, and narrow niche breath species. The distribution range of niche overlap value was [0, 0.98], indicating that there were differences in the similarity of species to resource utilization and that the niche was differentiated and accompanied by inter-specific competition. The values of VR and W showed that there was a significant positive correlation among the major nekton species. The χ 2 -test results indicated significantly interspecific association for 76 species pair (χ 2 ≥3.841), which was related to community stability and species coexistence. Results of association coefficient, percentage of co-occurrence and point correlation coefficients test suggested that the interspecific association was strong and tended to be positive.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Working during a Pandemic between the Risk of Being Infected and/or the Risks Related to Social Distancing: First Validation of the SAPH@W Questionnaire. The COVID-19 pandemic led the worldwide healthcare system to a severe crisis in which personnel paid the major costs. Many studies were promptly dedicated to the physical and psychological consequences of the COVID-19 exposure among healthcare employees, whereas the research on the other working populations has been substantially ignored. To bridge the current lack of knowledge about safe behaviors related to the risk of COVID-19 contagion at work, the aim of the study was to validate a new tool, the SAPH@W (Safety at Work), to assess workers' perceptions of safety.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tracing TB: Are there predictors for active TB disease in patients with Xpert Ultra trace results? The Xpert MTB/Rif Ultra (Xpert Ultra; Cepheid, USA) has increased sensitivity compared with its predecessor (Gene Xpert), due to the addition of multicopy amplification targets and a novel trace call. The World Health Organization suggests that tuberculosis (TB) treatment should be initiated in HIV, paediatric, and extra-pulmonary TB patients with trace results. However, other factors such as previous TB disease may complicate the interpretation of trace results in high-burden TB settings. This study aimed to clarify the positive predictors for active TB disease in patients with trace results and to investigate if previous TB disease influences TB culture positivity.	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Occupational Burnout Syndrome in the nursing context: an integrative literature review. To characterize the scientific production on Burnout Syndrome in the Nursingcontext, systematizing the location where the studies were carried out, the related constructs, the employed methods and their main results.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Consumers' Intention to Bring a Reusable Bag for Shopping in China: Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior. Bringing a reusable bag for shopping is a typical pro-environmental behavior and has been shown to be effective in reducing plastics, but research regarding this green behavior is limited. In this regard, using the snowball sampling technique, this study conducts a survey on a sample of 361 Chinese consumers to investigate their intention to bring a reusable bag for shopping based on the theory of planned behavior. To increase the explaining power for behavioral intention, this study extended the TPB by adding two additional variables: locus of control and environmental concern. Data was analyzed using the structural equation modeling technique. Results show that attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm exert significant and positive influence on consumers' intention to bring reusable bags for shopping, and the perceived behavioral control exerts the greatest influence, followed by attitude and subjective norm. Both locus of control and environmental concern fail to directly impact consumers' bringing intention, but they could impact consumers' intention indirectly. Specifically, the external locus of control exerts a negative influence on attitude and perceived behavioral control. Environmental concern positively impacts consumers' attitudes towards bringing reusable bags for shopping. Results of this study could provide valuable insights into plastics management and policy design to promote consumers' green shopping behaviors. For instance, the finding that perceived behavioral control is the greatest contributor to consumers' intention to bring reusable bags highlights the importance of clearing reusable bag preparation and use barriers.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Retinal laser services in Bhutan: a 3-year national survey. We conducted this study to report on the indications and types of retinal laser therapy (RLT) performed in Bhutan, knowing which is critical for proper planning and successful delivery of the services.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cranial irradiation alters neuroinflammation and neural proliferation in the pituitary gland and induces late-onset hormone deficiency. Cranial radiotherapy induces endocrine disorders and reproductive abnormalities, particularly in long-term female cancer survivors, and this might in part be caused by injury to the pituitary gland, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of cranial irradiation on the pituitary gland and related endocrine function. Female Wistar rat pups on postnatal day 11 were subjected to a single dose of 6 Gy whole-head irradiation, and hormone levels and organ structure in the reproductive system were examined at 20 weeks after irradiation. We found that brain irradiation reduced cell proliferation and induced persistent inflammation in the pituitary gland. The whole transcriptome analysis of the pituitary gland revealed that apoptosis and inflammation-related pathways were up-regulated after irradiation. In addition, irradiation led to significantly decreased levels of the pituitary hormones, growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone and the reproductive hormones testosterone and progesterone. To conclude, brain radiation induces reduction of pituitary and reproduction-related hormone secretion, this may due to reduced cell proliferation and increased pituitary inflammation after irradiation. Our results thus provide additional insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying complications after head irradiation and contribute to the discovery of preventive and therapeutic strategies related to brain injury following irradiation.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) in patients with psoriasis: Increased serum TARC levels in patients with generalized pustular psoriasis. Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) is designated as a T-helper 2-type chemokine and its expression is upregulated in patients with atopic dermatitis. Previous studies reported that serum TARC levels in patients with psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) were comparable with those in healthy controls. However, the association of clinical severity of psoriasis with serum TARC levels and serum TARC levels in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) or generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) have never been reported. We investigated the association of serum TARC level with psoriasis by the type of psoriasis, and examine correlations of serum TARC levels with clinical severity scores and other results of blood tests. Data on 75 patients (51 men and 24 women; PsV, 30 patients; PsA, 29 patients; GPP, 16 patients) were analyzed. The serum TARC level was significantly higher in patients with GPP than in patients with PsV and patients with PsA. There was a positive correlation between serum TARC level and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score (r = 0.3499, P = 0.0030). The serum TARC levels decreased after treatment in GPP patients. Our study revealed that the serum TARC level can potentially be one of the biomarkers reflecting the severity or systemic inflammation caused by psoriasis in patients with psoriasis, although not as much as in patients with atopic dermatitis. Furthermore, serum TARC levels were high in patients with GPP. Those were decreased by treatment, suggesting that serum TARC levels could be utilized as an objective biomarker to evaluate a therapeutic effect in individual GPP patients. Further accumulation of cases and further research are needed to elucidate the role of TARC in psoriasis.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Adult patient perceptions on the effectiveness of scoliosis specific exercises. There is a paucity of research focusing on adults with scoliosis, yet many of these individuals suffer from pain and disability. Recent literature has demonstrated that for this patient population general physical therapy is no better than other non-operative treatment options.[1-3] This study assessed the perceptions of the effectiveness of Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis Specific Exercises (PSSE) on adult scoliosis. The purpose of this study is to present the results of a retrospective analysis of how adults with scoliosis perceive that physical therapy utilizing PSSE has impacted their quality of life (QoL), function, and pain. A 10 question survey was sent via a secure server (Qualtrics) to all PSSE participating patients ≥ 18 years old from one PSSE specialty clinic from the beginning of the PSSE program, 7 years. Survey responses were anonymous, collected by someone other than the primary investigator, and statistics were calculated with SPSS 24 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results: Fifty-seven adults (88.9% female) responded to the survey (55% response rate) with 67.2% being over the age of 55 years. The majority (61.9%) felt that PT had moderately or significantly positively impacted their QoL. The most common number of PT visits ranged from 5-10, after which 71.9% of participants were either somewhat or very confident in their ability to perform their PSSE program unsupervised at home. The most common frequency of home exercise program (HEP) performance was 1-2 times per week (46.0%) for a duration of 5-40 minutes. Quantitative analysis of exercise adherence using a Spearman's rho (rs) revealed positive associations between confidence in correctly performing the HEP with the perceived positive impact of the exercises (rs = .45, p < .001), the greater frequency of performing the HEP (rs = .30, p = .024) and greater time performing the HEP (rs = .33, p = .004). This retrospective analysis showed that 61.9% of adults with scoliosis felt that PT utilizing PSSE had moderately or significantly positively impacted their QoL. Adherence to a HEP is critical to the success of the program. Greater confidence in correctly performing the HEP was positively correlated with perceived impact, frequency and time spent exercising. The sample was limited to adults from one clinic that specializes in scoliosis and may not be generalizable to other clinics.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
A Critical Assessment of the Youth Needs and Progress Scale. Evaluated is a recently developed tool, the Youth Needs and Progress Scale ( YNPS ). Reported is the surprisingly palpable lack of adherence to scientific standards. A demonstrable absence of attention and accordance to scientific methods related to research and developing psychometrics is evident, that is, taking a colander approach when constructing the tool. The rudimentary steps of this project were described by Kang et al. (2019) and subsequently critiqued by this author. Significant concerns previously delineated were not addressed, but rather crystalized in a substantial U.S. federally tax funded grant for a substandard tool. These are described in this article (i.e., lack of adequate literature review, citing selective research findings, referencing face validity tools, problematic research design). The key concern is the reliance on risk recidivism tools ( J-SOAP-II and ERASOR ), partially based on adult research and empirically shown to have inconsistently performed in risk assessment studies.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Percutaneous CT-Guided Cryoablation of the Celiac Plexus: A Retrospective Cohort Comparison with Ethanol. To retrospectively analyze and compare the incidence of diarrhea in patients who underwent cryoablation of the celiac plexus for intractable abdominal pain versus ethanol therapy over a 5-year period.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fear of falling: A manifestation of executive dysfunction? Fear of falling (FoF) may be an early marker of decline in global cognitive functioning, but associations with specific domains of cognitive functioning are unclear. The aim was to examine associations between FoF and 4-year decline in memory, processing speed, and executive functioning in adults aged 50 years and older.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Exploring disease interrelationships in patients with lymphatic disorders: A single center retrospective experience. The lymphatic contribution to the circulation is of paramount importance in regulating fluid homeostasis, immune cell trafficking/activation and lipid metabolism. In comparison to the blood vasculature, the impact of the lymphatics has been underappreciated, both in health and disease, likely due to a less well-delineated anatomy and function. Emerging data suggest that lymphatic dysfunction can be pivotal in the initiation and development of a variety of diseases across broad organ systems. Understanding the clinical associations between lymphatic dysfunction and non-lymphatic morbidity provides valuable evidence for future investigations and may foster the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapies.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Diagnostic utility of p63/p40 in the histologic differentiation of salivary gland tumors: A systematic review. Salivary gland tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with complex clinicopathologic behavior. These tumors often show an extremely diverse morphology and significant histologic patterns, making diagnosis a difficult task. Owing to the considerable differences in prognosis, treatment, and follow-up, accurately distinguishing these histologic mimickers is imperative. The aim of the present systematic review was to establish the diagnostic utility of p63/p40 immunostaining in histologic differentiation of salivary gland tumors.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
Increasing 2-furfurylthiol content in Chinese sesame-flavored Baijiu via inoculating the producer of precursor l-cysteine in Baijiu fermentation. 2-Furfurylthiol was an important contributor to the flavor of traditional fermented foods including Baijiu. It is essential to increase 2-furfurylthiol concentration to improve the quality of Baijiu. This study aimed to enrich the content of 2-furfurylthiol in Chinese sesame-flavored Baijiu via two strains we isolated from Baijiu fermentation, Bacillus subtilis LBM 10019 and Bacillus vallismortis LBM 10020, which could respectively produce 56.31 mg/L and 42.81 mg/L l-cysteine, the precursor of 2-furfurylthiol, in sorghum extract. After inoculation of these two strains, the maximal relative abundance of Bacillus increased from 7.48% to 40.38%, the final content of l-cysteine increased by 101.44% in Baijiu fermentation. Moreover, the concentration of 2-furfurylthiol increased by 89.15% in the production. This work provides a novel strategy to improve the quality of Chinese sesame-flavored Baijiu.	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Results from the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) study support association of relative telomere length with mortality in a large cohort of patients with moderate chronic kidney disease. Telomere length is known to be inversely associated with aging and has been proposed as a marker for aging-related diseases. Telomere attrition can be accelerated by oxidative stress and inflammation, both commonly present in patients with chronic kidney disease. Here, we investigated whether relative telomere length is associated with mortality in a large cohort of patients with chronic kidney disease stage G3 and A1-3 or G1-2 with overt proteinuria (A3) at enrollment. Relative telomere length was quantified in peripheral blood by a quantitative PCR method in 4,955 patients from the GCKD study, an ongoing prospective observational cohort. Complete four-year follow-up was available from 4,926 patients in whom we recorded 354 deaths. Relative telomere length was a strong and independent predictor of all-cause mortality. Each decrease of 0.1 relative telomere length unit was highly associated with a 14% increased risk of death (hazard ratio1.14 [95% confidence interval 1.06-1.22]) in a model adjusted for age, sex, baseline eGFR, urine albumin/creatinine ratio, diabetes mellitus, prevalent cardiovascular disease, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, smoking, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein and serum albumin. This translated to a 75% higher risk for those in the lowest compared to the highest quartile of relative telomere length. The association was mainly driven by 117 cardiovascular deaths (1.20 [1.05-1.35]) as well as 67 deaths due to infections (1.27 [1.07-1.50]). Thus, our findings support an association of shorter telomere length with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and death due to infections in patients with moderate chronic kidney disease.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
The use of three-dimensional reconstructions of CT scans to evaluate anomalies of hyoid bone in Pierre Robin sequence: A retrospective study. The aim of the study was to investigate hyoid bone anomalies in patients with Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) compared to the control group, using computed tomography (CT) examination and three-dimensional reconstruction of the hyoid bone and mandible.	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Effect of activity-based training versus strengthening exercises on upper extremity functions in Parkinson's patients; A randomized controlled, single blind, superiority trial. Idiopathic Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease which is appeared by symptoms such as resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. Such symptoms as tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity significantly affect patients' upper extremity function. Rehabilitation programs should be implemented to improve the upper extremity functions of patients.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Prenatal diagnosis of right aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery in association with bilateral ductus arteriosus by two-and four-dimensional echocardiography: a case of rare vascular ring and review of literature. The incidence of bilateral ductus arteriosus is sporadically reported in the uterus, and right aortic arch with aberrant of the left subclavian artery in association with bilateral ductus arteriosus is therefore extremely rare. We describe a case of right aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery associated with bilateral ductus arteriosus. Scanning around the three-vessel and trachea view to search for an "O" shape and a "U" shape vascular ring is essential for the diagnosis, which reveals vascular structures coursing around the trachea. Four-dimensional echocardiography with high-definition flow imaging and spatiotemporal image correlation technique illustrates the spatial relationships of these vessels and the trachea, which should be considered as a complementary modality in fetal cardiac examinations.	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spillover Effects From A Consumer-Based Intervention To Increase High-Value Preventive Care. Increasing the use of high-value medical services and reducing the use of services with little or no clinical value are key goals for efficient health systems. Yet encouraging the use of high-value services may unintentionally affect the use of low-value services. We examined the likelihood of high- and low-value service use in the first two years after an insurance benefit change in 2011 for one state's employees that promoted use of high-value preventive services. In the intervention group, compared to a control sample with stable benefit plans, in year 1 the likelihood of high-value service use increased 11.0 percentage points, and the likelihood of low-value service use increased 7.9 percentage points. For that year we associated 74 percent of the increase in high-value services and 57 percent of the increase in low-value services with greater use of preventive visits. Our results imply that interventions aimed at increasing receipt of high-value preventive services can cause spillovers to low-value services and should include deterrents to low-value care as implemented in later years of this program.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Linking structural and effective brain connectivity: structurally informed Parametric Empirical Bayes (si-PEB). Despite the potential for better understanding functional neuroanatomy, the complex relationship between neuroimaging measures of brain structure and function has confounded integrative, multimodal analyses of brain connectivity. This is particularly true for task-related effective connectivity, which describes the causal influences between neuronal populations. Here, we assess whether measures of structural connectivity may usefully inform estimates of effective connectivity in larger scale brain networks. To this end, we introduce an integrative approach, capitalising on two recent statistical advances: Parametric Empirical Bayes, which provides group-level estimates of effective connectivity, and Bayesian model reduction, which enables rapid comparison of competing models. Crucially, we show that structural priors derived from high angular resolution diffusion imaging on a dynamic causal model of a 12-region network-based on functional MRI data from the same subjects-substantially improve model evidence (posterior probability 1.00). This provides definitive evidence that structural and effective connectivity depend upon each other in mediating distributed, large-scale interactions in the brain. Furthermore, this work offers novel perspectives for understanding normal brain architecture and its disintegration in clinical conditions.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
Working memory load improves diagnostic performance of smooth pursuit eye movement in mild traumatic brain injury patients with protracted recovery. Smooth pursuit eye movements have been investigated as a diagnostic tool for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). However, the degree to which smooth pursuit differentiates mTBI patients from healthy controls (i.e. its diagnostic performance) is only moderate. Our goal was to establish if simultaneous performance of smooth pursuit and a working memory task increased the diagnostic performance of pursuit metrics following mTBI. We integrated an n-back task with two levels of working memory load into a pursuit target, and tested single- and dual-task pursuit in mTBI patients and healthy controls. We assessed pursuit using measures of velocity accuracy, positional accuracy and positional variability. The mTBI group had higher pursuit variability than the control group in all conditions. Performing a concurrent 1-back task decreased pursuit variability for both the mTBI and control groups. Performing a concurrent 2-back task produced differential effects between the groups: Pursuit variability was significantly decreased in the control group, but not in the mTBI group. Diagnostic indices were improved when pursuit was combined with the 2-back task, and increased by 20% for the most sensitive variable. Smooth pursuit with simultaneous working memory load may be a superior diagnostic tool for mTBI than measuring smooth pursuit alone.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
Analysis of the pen pressure and grip force signal during basic drawing tasks: The timing and speed changes impact drawing characteristics. Writing is a complex fine and trained motor skill, involving complex biomechanical and cognitive processes. In this paper, we propose the study of writing kinetics using three angles: the pen-tip normal force, the total grip force signal and eventually writing quality assessment. In order to collect writing kinetics data, we designed a sensor collecting these characteristics simultaneously. Ten healthy right-handed adults were recruited and were asked to perform four tasks: first, they were instructed to draw circles at a speed they considered comfortable; they then were instructed to draw circles at a speed they regarded as fast; afterwards, they repeated the comfortable task compelled to follow the rhythm of a metronome; and eventually they performed the fast task under the same timing constraints. Statistical differences between the tasks were computed, and while pen-tip normal force and total grip force signal were not impacted by the changes introduced in each task, writing quality features were affected by both the speed changes and timing constraint changes. This verifies the already-studied speed-accuracy trade-off and suggest the existence of a timing constraints-accuracy trade-off.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Attachment-related attention bias plays a causal role in trust in maternal support. The current study was designed to test whether children's ability to flexibly shift their attention (from their mother during distress to peers during exploration and vice versa) causally increases children's trust in the mother's support. We trained attention flexibility using a gaze-contingent music reward design. A total of 85 children (9-13 years of age; 46% boys) were randomly assigned to this training or a comparable yoked control condition. Attentional preferences were measured via eye tracking. Before and after the manipulation, we measured self-reported trust. Results showed that the training condition increased children's attention flexibility. Training-related increased attentional focus on the mother during distress was linked with increased trust.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Activation of TIR signalling boosts pattern-triggered immunity. Plant immune responses are mainly activated by two types of receptor. Pattern recognition receptors localized on the plasma membrane perceive extracellular microbial features, and nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) recognize intracellular effector proteins from pathogens 1 . NLRs possessing amino-terminal Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains activate defence responses via the NADase activity of the TIR domain 2,3 . Here we report that activation of TIR signalling has a key role in pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) mediated by pattern recognition receptors. TIR signalling mutants exhibit attenuated PTI responses and decreased resistance against pathogens. Consistently, PTI is compromised in plants with reduced NLR levels. Treatment with the PTI elicitor flg22 or nlp20 rapidly induces many genes encoding TIR-domain-containing proteins, which is likely to be responsible for activating TIR signalling during PTI. Overall, our study reveals that activation of TIR signalling is an important mechanism for boosting plant defence during PTI.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
[Pediatric inhalation injury]. The various systems and organs of the pediatric body are still in the developmental stage, with immature anatomy and physiology. Pediatric patients with inhalation injury are often in critical conditions, being prone to respiratory difficulties and even evolving into acute respiratory distress syndrome. The changes are rapid with extremely high mortality rate, bringing certain challenges to clinical treatment. This article reviews the causes, characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of pediatric inhalation injury for peer reference.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Addition of Chinese herbal remedy, Tongguan Capsules, to the standard treatment in patients with myocardial infarction improve the ventricular reperfusion and remodeling: Proteomic analysis of possible signaling pathways. Tongguan Capsules (TGC), a patented Chinese herbal remedy containing Salvia miltiorrhiza, Astragalus membranaceus, Borneolum syntheticum and Grasshopper, has been previously tested in the experimental model of animal hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion injury and its cardioprotective effect has been described.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Did Iranians respect health measures during Nowruz holidays? A study on Iranians' knowledge, attitude and practice toward COVID-19. Since December 2019, the COVID-19 outbreak has affected almost every country in the world, including Iran. General awareness and commitment to recommendations made by health officials have important role in control of the outbreak. The aim of the current study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of Iranians concerning COVID-19 after Nowruz (Persian New Year Holiday) in Iran and identifying its determining demographic and socioeconomic factors.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cumulative deceleration area: a simplified predictor of metabolic acidemia. Fetal monitoring, ubiquitous in obstetrics is used to predict and prevent intrapartum fetal injury. Despite decades of education and nomenclature revision, clinicians show low agreement on key elements, including the types of deceleration and hence their presumed etiology. Cumulative deceleration area is not dependent on deceleration type and could potentially mitigate this problem. Although deceleration area has shown promise as a marker of acidemia, no reports have shown how deceleration area evolves in late labor. Advances in computerization allow for direct measurement of deceleration area and standard fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns. The objective of this study was to compare the evolution and discrimination performance of deceleration area and other FHR patterns in late labor in term neonates with metabolic acidemia (MA) and in those with normal cord gases.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Death from a driverless vehicle. Road traffic accidents are a major cause of fatalities around the world, and a number of deaths are caused by moving traffic on public roads. Deaths from vehicles that are off the highway may be called non-traffic fatalities which can be due to a vehicle reversing, carbon monoxide poisoning, weather-induced over-heating inside the vehicle and electric windows. Children (and animals) are the usual victims. We report a case from India where a man was found lying dead by the roadside with a lorry nearby. The autopsy findings indicated that he had been run over, but as there was no history of a vehicular collision and with no eyewitnesses, the investigators were unsure of the probable sequence of events that led to his death. The autopsy findings, history, circumstantial evidence and chemical analysis enabled us to work out what had happened.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
[Analysis on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats loci polymorphism of Yersinia pestis and its area distribution in Gansu province]. Objective: To study the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) loci polymorphism of Yersinia pestis and its area distribution in Gansu province. Methods: A total of 203 strains of Yersinia pestis isolated from 1962 to 2014 were selected for the culture and extraction of DNA. Three pairs of CRISPR primers were used to amplify the strain DNA by PCR, and the PCR products were sequenced. The groups and genotypes of strains were determined according to the spacer and spacer arrangement of CRISPR loci in the strain. Cluster analysis was done by using the software BioNumerics 5.10. Results: A total of 16 spacers, including 9 species of YPa loci, 4 species of YPb loci and 3 species of YPc loci, were found in the 203 strains of Yersinia pestis . A new spacer of a1' was found. The 203 strains were divided into 5 CRISPR genotypes and classified into 5 CRISPR clusters (Cb2, Ca7, Ca7', CaΔ5' and Ca35'). Each cluster showed significant area-specific characteristics, Cb2 was mainly distributed in Huining country and Pingchuan district, Ca7 was mainly found in Aksai Kazak autonomous country, Ca7' was mainly found in Xiahe country, Ca35' was mainly found in Subei Mongolia autonomous county and Yumen city and CaΔ5' was mainly distributed in Sunan Yugur autonomous county. Conclusions: The strains from different plague foci in Gansu were distinguished by CRISPR, all kinds of clusters showed the obvious area specific characteristics. It is important to study the evolution of Yersinia pestis in Gansu and trace the molecular biology origin of human plague.	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Role of fructose and fructokinase in acute dehydration-induced vasopressin gene expression and secretion in mice. Fructose stimulates vasopressin in humans and can be generated endogenously by activation of the polyol pathway with hyperosmolarity. We hypothesized that fructose metabolism in the hypothalamus might partly control vasopressin responses after acute dehydration. Wild-type and fructokinase-knockout mice were deprived of water for 24 h. The supraoptic nucleus was evaluated for vasopressin and markers of the aldose reductase-fructokinase pathway. The posterior pituitary vasopressin and serum copeptin levels were examined. Hypothalamic explants were evaluated for vasopressin secretion in response to exogenous fructose. Water restriction increased serum and urine osmolality and serum copeptin in both groups of mice, although the increase in copeptin in wild-type mice was larger than that in fructokinase-knockout mice. Water-restricted, wild-type mice showed an increase in vasopressin and aldose reductase mRNA, sorbitol, fructose and uric acid in the supraoptic nucleus. In contrast, fructokinase-knockout mice showed no change in vasopressin or aldose reductase mRNA, and no changes in sorbitol or uric acid, although fructose levels increased. With water restriction, vasopressin in the pituitary of wild-type mice was significantly less than that of fructokinase-knockout mice, indicating that fructokinase-driven vasopressin secretion overrode synthesis. Fructose increased vasopressin release in hypothalamic explants that was not observed in fructokinase-knockout mice. In situ hybridization documented fructokinase mRNA in the supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus and suprachiasmatic nucleus. Acute dehydration activates the aldose reductase-fructokinase pathway in the hypothalamus and partly drives the vasopressin response. Exogenous fructose increases vasopressin release in hypothalamic explants dependent on fructokinase. Nevertheless, circulating vasopressin is maintained and urinary concentrating is not impaired.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Impact of mannose-binding lectin gene polymorphism on lung functions among workers exposed to airborne Aspergillus in a wastewater treatment plant in Egypt. In this study, the risk of Aspergillus (Asp.) positivity and its respiratory health impacts on wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) workers were studied. In addition, it identified the geno-susceptibility role of mannose-binding lectin 2 (MBL2) gene polymorphisms and the mannose-binding lectin (MBL) serum levels on the pulmonary functions of the Asp.-positive workers. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were performed for 89 workers from a selected WWTP, after exclusion of the smokers. Molecular identification of Asp. blood positivity was done by 18S rRNA sequencing. Determination of MBL2 gene polymorphism and estimation of MBL serum levels were done. PFTs revealed abnormalities in 49.2% of the workers. Asp. was positive in 42.5% of the workers with different species. Among the Asp.-positive workers, 6.5% of the workers were with obstructive PFTs, 12.9% with restriction, and 22.6% with combined PFT abnormalities. MBL2 genotyping showed that wild genotype AA was common (68.5%) among Asp.-positive workers compared to the other genotypes. This allele, whether homozygous or heterozygous, was significantly associated with decline in PFTs of the exposed workers. MBL serum levels were significantly lower in workers with obstructive, restrictive, and combined PFT abnormalities compared to those with normal PFTs, and in the workers with Asp.-positive species than the Asp.-negative workers. Moreover, it was significantly lower in workers with Asp. fumigatus compared to that in the workers with other Asp. species, and in the Asp.-positive workers with homozygous or heterozygous A allele compared to that in the Asp.-positive workers with homozygous B allele. Working in a WWTP can be associated with impaired PFTs due to exposure to airborne fungi. MBL2 genotyping showed that Asp.-positive workers with homozygous or heterozygous A allele were at risk to develop decline in their PFTs.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Prior Information Guided Regularized Deep Learning for Cell Nucleus Detection. Cell nuclei detection is a challenging research topic because of limitations in cellular image quality and diversity of nuclear morphology, i.e., varying nuclei shapes, sizes, and overlaps between multiple cell nuclei. This has been a topic of enduring interest with promising recent success shown by deep learning methods. These methods train convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with a training set of input images and known, labeled nuclei locations. Many such methods are supplemented by spatial or morphological processing. Using a set of canonical cell nuclei shapes, prepared with the help of a domain expert, we develop a new approach that we call shape priors (SPs) with CNNs (SPs-CNN). We further extend the network to introduce an SP layer and then allowing it to become trainable (i.e., optimizable). We call this network as tunable SP-CNN (TSP-CNN). In summary, we present new network structures that can incorporate "expected behavior" of nucleus shapes via two components: learnable layers that perform the nucleus detection and a fixed processing part that guides the learning with prior information. Analytically, we formulate two new regularization terms that are targeted at: 1) learning the shapes and 2) reducing false positives while simultaneously encouraging detection inside the cell nucleus boundary. Experimental results on two challenging datasets reveal that the proposed SP-CNN and TSP-CNN can outperform the state-of-the-art alternatives.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serious shortcomings in assessment and treatment of asylum seekers' mental health needs. The prevalence of psychological complaints is known to be very high in populations of asylum seekers. Despite this, data on the health care system's ability to adequately meet these high-risk populations' mental health needs are scarce. This article investigates how well the German outpatient health care system is able to detect and adequately treat them.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waiting list eradication in secondary care psychology: Addressing a National Health Service blind spot. Waiting times for secondary care psychological therapy remain a 'blind spot' in serious mental illness (SMI) provision, and their reduction is a priority within the National Health Service (NHS) Five Year Forward View. The paper describes the eradication of waiting times within a community-based NHS service and the effectiveness of strategies whilst examining help-seeking behaviour, compliance and therapeutic need.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inclusion of biological knowledge in a Bayesian shrinkage model for joint estimation of SNP effects. With the aim of improving detection of novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genetic association studies, we propose a method of including prior biological information in a Bayesian shrinkage model that jointly estimates SNP effects. We assume that the SNP effects follow a normal distribution centered at zero with variance controlled by a shrinkage hyperparameter. We use biological information to define the amount of shrinkage applied on the SNP effects distribution, so that the effects of SNPs with more biological support are less shrunk toward zero, thus being more likely detected. The performance of the method was tested in a simulation study (1,000 datasets, 500 subjects with ∼200 SNPs in 10 linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks) using a continuous and a binary outcome. It was further tested in an empirical example on body mass index (continuous) and overweight (binary) in a dataset of 1,829 subjects and 2,614 SNPs from 30 blocks. Biological knowledge was retrieved using the bioinformatics tool Dintor, which queried various databases. The joint Bayesian model with inclusion of prior information outperformed the standard analysis: in the simulation study, the mean ranking of the true LD block was 2.8 for the Bayesian model versus 3.6 for the standard analysis of individual SNPs; in the empirical example, the mean ranking of the six true blocks was 8.5 versus 9.3 in the standard analysis. These results suggest that our method is more powerful than the standard analysis. We expect its performance to improve further as more biological information about SNPs becomes available.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venomous Snake and Spider Bites in Pregnancy. Venomous snake and spider bites are relatively rare in the Unites States and even more so in the pregnant population. However, the impact of a venomous bite, also known as an envenomation, can be serious in a pregnant patient. Thus, providers in endemic and high-risk areas must be familiar with the management of envenomation in the pregnant population.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paternal lineages in southern Iberia provide time frames for gene flow from mainland Europe and the Mediterranean world. The geography of southern Iberia and an abundant archaeological record of human occupation are ideal conditions for a full understanding of scenarios of genetic history in the area. Recent advances in the phylogeography of Y-chromosome lineages offer the opportunity to set upper bounds for the appearance of different genetic components.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gametophyte niche differences among sympatric tree ferns. Forest community assembly is usually framed in terms of sporophyte dynamics; however, the recruitment and maintenance of fern populations, frequently influential in forest composition and structure, are initially determined by gametophytes. Sporophytes of three Cyathea tree fern species show habitat partitioning along gradients of phosphorus and light; we asked whether gametophyte niche differences parallel this pattern. To compare niche characteristics among taxa we compared growth rates to a size threshold (≥3 mm) of gametophytes under controlled conditions using a multi-factorial, multi-level (3 × 4) experiment, varying irradiance (5.4 ± 4.4; 59.1 ± 44.3; 107 ± 74.1 µmol m -2 s -1 ) and orthophosphate concentrations (5, 10, 20, 40 mg kg -1 ). Gametophytes of the pioneer species C. medullaris developed to the size threshold across a broad range of phosphate and irradiance treatments (more than 20% of gametophytes in ≥ 7 of the 12 treatments), peaking at 20 mg kg -1 P and 60 µmol m -2 s -1 irradiance. The growth rates of the forest understorey species C. dealbata and C. smithii also peaked at 60 µmol m -2 s -1 but varied across treatments, suggesting niche differentiation along irradiance and orthophosphate gradients. Our analysis suggests that gametophyte development is strategically aligned to the ecological habits of sporophytes and that forest community assembly is likely strongly influenced by the independent gametophyte life-stage.	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties of Phragmanthera capitata (Sprengel) Balle (Loranthaceae), a Mistletoe Growing on Rubber Tree, Using the Dilution Techniques. The alarming increase in multidrug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to conventional drugs in recent years has prompted the search for new leads in alternative remedies in natural products. Hence, this study was aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial properties of Phragmanthera capitata , a parasitic mistletoe growing on rubber trees. The in vitro antimicrobial activities of the acetone, methanol, ethanol, and aqueous extracts were investigated using five gram-negative and five gram-positive bacteria and four fungi. A 96-well resazurin broth and agar dilution techniques were used for the determination of the Minimum Inhibitory and Bactericidal Concentrations. The antibacterial activity of the organic extracts had comparative effects on all the bacteria with a MIC of 1.25 to 5 mg/mL and MBC of 2.5 to 10 mg/mL. However, the acetone extract showed higher bactericidal effect while the aqueous extract was not active. The organic solvent extracts also showed antifungal activities on two of the fungi with a MIC of 1.25 mg/mL to 10 mg/mL. However, the aqueous extract had the highest activity inhibiting all the fungi with a MIC of ≤0.3125 to 1.25 mg/mL. The study supports the ethnomedicinal claims of P. capitata as a remedy for the diseases/infections caused by these organisms.	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Light electric vehicle charging strategy for low impact on the grid. The alarming increase in the average temperature of the planet due to the massive emission of greenhouse gases has stimulated the introduction of electric vehicles (EV), given transport sector is responsible for more than 25% of the total global CO 2 emissions. EV penetration will substantially increase electricity demand and, therefore, an optimization of the EV recharging scenario is needed to make full use of the existing electricity generation system without upgrading requirements. In this paper, a methodology based on the use of the temporal valleys in the daily electricity demand is developed for EV recharge, avoiding the peak demand hours to minimize the impact on the grid. The methodology assumes three different strategies for the recharge activities: home, public buildings, and electrical stations. It has been applied to the case of Spain in the year 2030, assuming three different scenarios for the growth of the total fleet: low, medium, and high. For each of them, three different levels for the EV penetration by the year 2030 are considered: 25%, 50%, and 75%, respectively. Only light electric vehicles (LEV), cars and motorcycles, are taken into account given the fact that batteries are not yet able to provide the full autonomy desired by heavy vehicles. Moreover, heavy vehicles have different travel uses that should be separately considered. Results for the fraction of the total recharge to be made in each of the different recharge modes are deduced with indication of the time intervals to be used in each of them. For the higher penetration scenario, 75% of the total park, an almost flat electricity demand curve is obtained. Studies are made for working days and for non-working days.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
Hidden in plain sight: Is there a crucial role for enthesitis assessment in the treatment and monitoring of axial spondyloarthritis? To review the evidence surrounding the pathophysiology of enthesitis in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), its prevalence and contribution to the overall disease burden, and response to treatment at axial and peripheral sites.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sirtuins 1-7 expression in human adipose-derived stem cells from subcutaneous and visceral fat depots: influence of obesity and hypoxia. The sirtuin family comprises seven NAD + -dependent deacetylases which control the overall health of organisms through the regulation of pleiotropic metabolic pathways. Sirtuins are important modulators of adipose tissue metabolism and their expression is higher in lean than obese subjects. At present, the role of sirtuins in adipose-derived stem cells has not been investigated yet. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the expression of the complete panel of sirtuins in adipose-derived stem cells isolated from both subcutaneous and visceral fat of non-obese and obese subjects. We aimed at investigating the influence of obesity on sirtuins' levels, their role in obesity-associated inflammation, and the relationship with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta, which also plays functions in adipose tissue metabolism. The mRNA levels in the four types of adipose-derived stem cells were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, in untreated cells and also after 8 h of hypoxia exposure. Correlations among sirtuins' expression and clinical and molecular parameters were also analyzed. We found that sirtuin1-6 exhibited significant higher mRNA expression in visceral adipose-derived stem cells compared to subcutaneous adipose-derived stem cells of non-obese subjects. Sirtuin1-6 levels were markedly reduced in visceral adipose-derived stem cells of obese patients. Sirtuins' expression in visceral adipose-derived stem cells correlated negatively with body mass index and C-reactive protein and positively with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta. Finally, only in the visceral adipose-derived stem cells of obese patients hypoxia-induced mRNA expression of all of the sirtuins. Our results highlight that sirtuins' levels in adipose-derived stem cells are consistent with protective effects against visceral obesity and inflammation, and suggest a transcriptional mechanism through which acute hypoxia up-regulates sirtuins in the visceral adipose-derived stem cells of obese patients.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Physical activity, sedentary behavior and functionality in older adults: A cross-sectional path analysis. Disability is negatively associated with the health of older adults, and it can be mediated by healthy lifestyles and behaviors throughout one's life. In this context, understanding the interrelationships between sedentary behavior, physical activity and functionality may assist in the implementation of effective public health actions. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between both physical activity and sedentary behavior and functionality in older adults and the possible mediators. The variables analyzed were selected according to the content analysis of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model, and included activity, participation, health conditions, body functions and structures, environmental factors and personal factors. 419 individuals participated in the study. Physical activity was directly associated with disability in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and the association was mediated by self-esteem, aerobic endurance, and agility/balance. Sedentary behavior was indirectly associated with IADL disability, and the association was mediated by aerobic resistance, nutritional status, and agility/balance. Regarding the basic activities of daily living (BADL), physical activity showed an indirect association mediated by aerobic resistance and IADL. The association of sedentary behavior with BADL was mediated by aerobic resistance and lower limb flexibility. These results reinforce the idea that functionality is multidimensional, and the mediating factors must be considered when strategies for promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior are designed.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Reverse Micelles As Antioxidant Carriers: An Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Study. Water-in-oil microemulsions with biocompatible components were formulated to be used as carriers of natural antioxidants, such as hydroxytyrosol (HT) and gallic acid (GA). The system was composed of a mixture of natural surfactants, lecithin and monoglycerides, medium chain triglycerides, and aqueous phase. A dual approach was undertaken to study the structure and dynamics of these complicated systems. First, experimental data were collected by using adequate techniques, such as dynamic light scattering (DLS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Following this, a coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) study based on the experimental composition using the MARTINI force field was conducted. The simulations revealed the spontaneous formation of reverse micelles (RMs) starting from completely random initial conformations, underlying their enhanced thermodynamic stability. The location of the bioactive molecules, as well as the structure of the RM, were in accordance with the experimental findings. Furthermore, GA molecules were found to be located inside the water core, in contrast to the HT ones, which seem to lie at the surfactant interfacial layer. The difference in the antioxidants' molecular location was only revealed in detail from the computational analysis and explains the RM's swelling observed by GA in DLS measurements.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Application of ANN and RSM on fluoride removal using chemically activated D. sissoo sawdust. Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were used to generate a model for the optimization of fluoride removal using chemically activated Dalbergia sissoo sawdust (CADS). The single and collective effects of process parameters, i.e., solution pH, CADS dose, initial fluoride concentration, and contact time, were studied. The point of zero charge was found to be 4.2 with zeta potential analysis. In the first phase, a single-parameter study was performed to reveal dependency of fluoride removal on a particular process parameter. Positive effects of increment in CADS dose and contact time and negative effects of solution pH and initial fluoride concentration were observed. The second phase included RSM in which analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to test the feasibility of the mathematical model. The F value 1.91, R 2 value 0.87, and P value 0.11 show significance of the proposed model. Results obtained from the experiment set for central composite design (CCD) were used to predict the ANN response. Reasonable acceptable values of regression for training, test, and validation (0.76, 0.93, and 0.37) represent the suitability of the model. The ANN predicted 22.1% fluoride removal, which was close to the actual value (20.1%) and was comparable with CCD prediction (25.0%). BET surface area of CADS was found to be 76.33 m 2 /g. FTIR was performed to recognize the functional groups available for fluoride binding while SEM and EDX were conducted to ensure the changes in adsorbent surface morphology. Regeneration of CADS was feasible using an alkali medium. This study shows that CADS can be used for fluoride removal from aqueous stream in an efficient way.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Is big bad or bearable? Long-term renal transplant outcomes in obese recipients. The global obesity epidemic has implications for kidney transplantation. There are conflicting reports regarding the impact of obesity on long-term post-transplant outcomes.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
Thousands of reptile species threatened by under-regulated global trade. Wildlife trade is a key driver of the biodiversity crisis. Unregulated, or under-regulated wildlife trade can lead to unsustainable exploitation of wild populations. International efforts to regulate wildlife mostly miss 'lower-value' species, such as those imported as pets, resulting in limited knowledge of trade in groups like reptiles. Here we generate a dataset on web-based private commercial trade of reptiles to highlight the scope of the global reptile trade. We find that over 35% of reptile species are traded online. Three quarters of this trade is in species that are not covered by international trade regulation. These species include numerous endangered or range-restricted species, especially hotspots within Asia. Approximately 90% of traded reptile species and half of traded individuals are captured from the wild. Exploitation can occur immediately after scientific description, leaving new endemic species especially vulnerable. Pronounced gaps in regulation imply trade is having unknown impacts on numerous threatened species. Gaps in monitoring demand a reconsideration of international reptile trade regulations. We suggest reversing the status-quo, requiring proof of sustainability before trade is permitted.	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Future Intraocular Lens Technologies. The future of intraocular lens (IOL) technology has already begun with a number of recent innovations. The postoperative change of refractive power will lead to a customized fine-tuning that provides patients with the individual vision they expect and with as much spectacle independence as possible. The latest-generation (2.0) Light-Adjustable Lens (RxSight) was recently introduced into clinical practice, with the first results being very encouraging. Other methods of altering the power of an already implanted IOL are under development. The same can be said about the correction of presbyopia, the so-called last frontier in refractive surgery. Extended depth-of-focus IOLs have been introduced, as has the technology of the pinhole IOL. The latter has therapeutic potential beyond the refractive aspect and has already proven helpful in cases of iris defects and irregular corneas. Several technologies are currently being tested to achieve-finally-an accommodative IOL. One such concept uses the (remaining) strength of the ciliary muscle, whereas another is triggered by the pupil reaction when shifting focus from far to near. Not an IOL itself, but rather a high-tech innovation that so far has mostly been implanted during cataract surgery, is a microelectronic sensor that measures habitual intraocular pressure (IOP) at any given time and promises to revolutionize the management of glaucoma patients. The last generation of this device (Eyemate; Implandata Opthalmics Products GmbH) is implanted during small-incision cataract surgery; the latest development is an even smaller sensor that will be inserted suprachoroidally before, in the near future, such a device will be part of a capsular ring. These IOP sensors are a prime example that IOL technology will continue to be a driving force in ophthalmology, with a positive impact far beyond cataract surgery.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Superhydrophobic, mechanically durable coatings for controllable light and magnetism driven actuators. Although some groundbreaking work has proved the feasibility of non-contact Marangoni propulsion generated by combination of the superhydrophobicity and photothermal effect, there are still challenges including the strong interfacial adhesion, multifunctional structural design and superior durability. In this paper, a simple two-step spraying method is used to prepare superhydrophobic and multi-functional fluorinated acidified carbon nanotubes (F-ACNTs)/Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coatings. The introduction of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles and F-ACNTs not merely improve the surface roughness but also endow the coating with the outstanding magnetic property and photothermal conversion performance. The PDMS can reduce the surface energy and also improve the interfacial adhesion between the nanofillers and the substrate (the filter paper). The superhydrophobicity can be maintained when the material experiences abrasion, near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation and acid treatment, exhibiting outstanding durability. The highly stable superhydrophobic coating introduces a thin layer of air to decrease the drag force between the filter paper and the water surface, and can be used for controlled self-propelled light-driven motion and magnetic-driven motion. The movement can be manipulated by adjusting the direction of the incident NIR light and magnetic field. In particular, the superhydrophobic and superoleophilic coating based actuators can be easily driven to the oil-contaminated area on the water surface by using a magnet for high efficiency oil removal. This work provides a simple and universal strategy for developing intelligent and multi-responsive actuators possessing promising applications in various fields such as environmental protection, micro-robots and biomedicine.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Adoption of green innovations in project-based firms: An integrating view of cognitive and emotional framing. It has been observed that project-based firms (PBFs) cause serious environmental problems. In order to reduce the negative impact on the environment, PBFs pay more attention to green innovations. This study investigated how top management team (TMT) cognitive framing (i.e. capability development, organizational identity, and corporate social responsibility) and emotional framing (i.e. threat, ambivalence and opportunity) influence the adoption of green innovations in PBFs. Using the method of multi-value Qualitative Comparative Analysis (mvQCA), the research analyzed the data from 29 cases in China. The results showed that in PBFs, the TMT with an expanded cognitive framing and an ambivalent emotional framing and the TMT with a moderately flexible cognitive framing and an opportunity emotional framing will adopt green innovations. On the contrary, the TMT with a moderately flexible cognitive framing and a threat emotional framing and the TMT with a contracted cognitive framing will not adopt green innovations. Six propositions were proposed based on the results. Findings contribute to theory and research on environmental management by highlighting the configurational effects of TMT cognitive framing and emotional framing on adoption of green innovations in PBFs.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Precarisation of dentistry in private healthcare: bioethical analysis. The present study highlighted the labour process of the dental surgeon (DS) in the private healthcare sector from the healthcare professional's perspective based on intervention bioethics. An observational, cross-sectional survey study was performed within the Federal District (Distrito Federal) region. Data were collected from 108 questionnaires completed by DSs affiliated with two types of private health insurers, self-insurance and group insurance, to assess job perception and the degree of job satisfaction in the dentistry market. The main source of dissatisfaction for healthcare professionals was related to the pay for dental procedures by insurers. For self-insurer 1, 38.1% healthcare professionals replied that the pay was satisfactory, whereas in self-insurance 2 and in the group insurance, 100% of healthcare professionals were dissatisfied. Another finding was that the group insurer considerably restricted elective treatments. In conclusion, loss of professional autonomy, depreciation of insurance claims and precarisation of dentistry occurs in the private healthcare sector, thus demonstrating the ethical conflicts in this relationship.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Properties and hemispheric differences of theta oscillations in the human hippocampus. The left and right primate hippocampi (LH and RH) are thought to support distinct functions, but little is known about differences between the hemispheres at the neuronal level. We recorded single-neuron and local field potentials from the human hippocampus in epilepsy patients implanted with depth electrodes. We detected theta-frequency bouts of oscillatory activity while patients performed a visual recognition memory task. Theta appeared in bouts of 3.16 cycles, with sawtooth-shaped oscillations that had a prolonged downswing period. Outside the seizure onset zone, the average frequency of theta bouts was higher in the RH compared to the LH (6.0 vs. 5.3 Hz). LH theta bouts had lower amplitudes and a higher prevalence compared to the RH (26% vs. 21% of total time). Additionally, the RH contained a population of thin spiking visually tuned neurons that were not present in the LH. These data show that human theta appears in short oscillatory bouts whose properties vary between hemispheres, thereby revealing neurophysiological properties of the hippocampus that differ between the hemispheres.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Policy-makers' perspectives on implementation of cross-sectoral nutrition policies, Western Pacific Region. Implementation of effective cross-sectoral nutrition policies remains a challenge worldwide. By reviewing reports from World Health Organization meetings and consultations - convened for policy-makers representing Member States of the Western Pacific Region - we provide an insight into how national policy-makers and external actors can support different dimensions of nutrition policy implementation. Key insights of policy-makers attending food and nutrition-centred meetings include that country-level implementation of nutrition policy relies on strong policy design, organizational planning and governance mechanisms that promote collective responsibility across multiple sectors. Policy-makers responsible for implementing nutrition policies face major challenges resulting from limited capacity, both within and external to government, particularly in relation to monitoring and enforcement activities. Successful implementation of nutrition policy measures will require greater political will to provide the requisite resources and institutional structures to ensure sustained policy effectiveness. Nongovernmental partners, including international agencies and researchers, have an opportunity to support policy implementation by providing technical support to Member States to frame action on nutrition in a more compelling way. They can also help policy-makers to build the organizational and structural capacity to coordinate cross-sectoral policy. Improved policy design, planning and governance and strategic capacity-building, supported by external partners, can strengthen the sustained implementation of cross-sectoral nutrition policy and improve nutrition outcomes.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
Early discharge in Mild Acute Pancreatitis. Is it possible? Observational prospective study in a tertiary-level hospital. In acute pancreatitis (AP), first 24 h are crucial as this is the period in which the greatest amount of patients presents an organ failure. This suggests patients with Mild AP (MAP) could be early identified and discharged. This is an observational prospective trial with the aim to demonstrate the safety of early discharge in Mild Acute Pancreatitis (MAP).	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices and native arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients: novel perspectives. The benefits from cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED) implantation in hemodialysis (HD) patients are still far to be thoroughly defined, especially on primary prevention. In addition, CIED placement is not a risk-free procedure, because it could be followed by a not negligible burden of complications that could compromise the health and the vascular access of HD patients. In fact, the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) dysfunction following CIED implantation is usually due to a hemodynamically significant alteration of blood flow. This condition could lead to a potential decrease of dialysis efficacy and a raised risk of thrombosis of both the central vein and the efferent vein of the AVF.The pathological pathway that leads to AVF dysfunction after CIED implantation may involve the irritating actions of the CIED and their leads to the vascular wall in HD patients that are more prone to show previous vascular diseases.The aim of this review is to focus the physiopathology of the CIED-induced AVF dysfunction, the current treatment strategies and the novel perspectives that could be taken into consideration and offered to the HD population to preserve both their AVF and their quality of life.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Triceps-Sparing Approach for Distal Humerus Fixation. The triceps-sparing approach to the posterior humerus affords broad exposure for fracture fixation with a minor risk of radial nerve palsy. By using a muscle-sparing interval, the approach facilitates reduction and fixation of humeral shaft and extra-articular distal humerus fractures without injury to the triceps. This video demonstrates the triceps-sparing approach used in the surgical treatment of a 23-year-old man with an extra-articular distal humerus fracture.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
The Intersection Between Models of Health and How Healing Transpires: A Metaethnographic Synthesis of Complementary Medicine Practitioners' Perceptions. Introduction: This metaethnography provides an interpretative synthesis of complementary medicine (CM) practitioners' perceptions toward their health model and the healing process. CM is commonly described on the basis of its distinction from biomedicine with limited research available on CM practitioners' understanding of what the essence of their practice is and how healing transpires as a result. This is despite the significant patronage of CM and high rates of couse with biomedical services. Materials and Methods: An extensive and systematic search of the literature was conducted across seven databases (AMED, SINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, PUBMED, Science Direct, and Scopus) with no date, language, or region restrictions applied. The basis for the search was MeSH terms and keywords relating to (1) CM practitioners, (2) perceptions, and (3) healing. A screening process was conducted and articles were identified for inclusion based on their addressing the research question. These articles were then quality appraised. A seven-stage metaethnographic framework was utilized to assist with identifying and interpreting the themes within the data. Results: Following the screening process, merely 10 qualitative studies were identified, which represented practitioner views across 22 CM professions. CM practitioners believe they provide a distinct model of care informed by a traditional shared holistic and vitalistic philosophy. Nonspecific factors, such as an augmented therapeutic relationship, empathy, and patient empowerment, are actively and deliberately incorporated into the treatment process alongside specific interventions and afforded equal valued. Conclusions: This metaethnographic synthesis brings together the perceptions of CM practitioners on how healing transpires within the CM clinical setting. In a context of medical pluralism and aspirational integrative health care, this synthesis highlights the understanding and approach CM practitioners bring to health management and may assist in further defining CM philosophy and practice, and the positioning of CM in the contemporary health care landscape.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Clinical implications of genome-wide DNA methylation studies in acute myeloid leukemia. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults. AML is a heterogeneous malignancy characterized by distinct genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. Recent genome-wide DNA methylation studies have highlighted an important role of dysregulated methylation signature in AML from biological and clinical standpoint. In this review, we will outline the recent advances in the methylome study of AML and overview the impacts of DNA methylation on AML diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caregiver Shortage Reaches Critical Stage. Stronger economy and shifting demographics put providers in bind in search for workers.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bothynus entellus (LePeletier amp; Serville) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) species group: taxonomic revision and description of two new species. The Bothynus entellus (LePeletier Serville) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) species group is reviewed with redescriptions, diagnoses, illustrations, and separate identification keys to males and females. Distribution maps for all species in this species group are presented for the first time. Furthermore, two new species, Bothynus araya Duarte Grossi new species and Bothynus condacki Duarte Grossi new species, are described.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
Urinary metabolomic profiling in rats exposed to dietary di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is an omnipresent environmental chemical with widespread nonoccupational human exposure through multiple ways. Although considerable efforts have been invested to investigate mechanisms of DEHP toxicity, the key metabolic biomarkers of DEHP toxicity remain to be identified. The aim of this study was to assess the urinary metabonomics of dietary DEHP in rats using the technique of ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). Fourteen female Wistar rats were divided into two groups and given increasing dietary doses of DEHP for 30 consecutive days. The urinary metabolite profile was studied using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) enabled clusters to be clearly separated. Eleven principal urinary metabolites were identified as contributing to the clusters. The clusters in the positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode were xanthurenic acid, kynurenic acid, nonate, N6-methyladenosine, and L-isoleucyl-L-proline. The clusters in the negative ESI mode were hippuric acid, tetrahydrocortisol, citric acid, phenylpropionylglycine, cPA(18:2(9Z, 12Z)/0:0), and LysoPC(14:1(9Z)). The urinary metabonomic changes indicated that exposure to dietary DEHP can affect energy-related metabolism, liver and renal function, fatty acid metabolism, and cause DNA damage in rats. The findings of this study on the urinary metabolites and metabolic pathways of DEHP may form the basis for future studies on the mechanisms of toxicity of this commonly found environmental chemical.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inducible TDG knockout models to study epigenetic regulation. Mechanistic and functional studies by gene disruption or editing approaches often suffer from confounding effects like compensatory cellular adaptations generated by clonal selection. These issues become particularly relevant when studying factors directly involved in genetic or epigenetic maintenance. To provide a genetic tool for functional and mechanistic investigation of DNA-repair mediated active DNA demethylation, we generated experimental models in mice and murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) based on a minigene of the thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG). The loxP -flanked miniTdg is rapidly and reliably excised in mice and ESCs by tamoxifen-induced Cre activation, depleting TDG to undetectable levels within 24 hours. We describe the functionality of the engineered miniTdg in mouse and ESCs (TDGiKO ESCs) and validate the pluripotency and differentiation potential of TDGiKO ESCs as well as the phenotype of induced TDG depletion. The controlled and rapid depletion of TDG allows for a precise manipulation at any point in time of multistep experimental procedures as presented here for neuronal differentiation in vitro . Thus, we provide a tested and well-controlled genetic tool for the functional and mechanistic investigation of TDG in active DNA (de)methylation and/or DNA repair with minimal interference from adaptive effects and clonal selection.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
The effect of additional aeration of liquid on the atomization process for a pneumatic nebulizer. At this paper the effect of aeration on the droplet size distribution of the aerosol have been analyzed. The atomization process was carried out using a pneumatic nebulizer which was equipped with a modified nebulizer cup. This modified nebulizer cup was combined with an additional source of gas bubbles. The measurements of the droplet sizes obtained by the use of the digital microphotography method and analyzed by Image-Pro Plus software. The analysis of the experimental studies proved that an increase in the flow rates of additional gas leads to the increase in the number of small droplets and the decrease of the number of drops of large diameter. Additionally, the mean droplet diameter decreases with the increase of the flow rate of aeration gas. A correlation equation was proposed, which describes the relationship between the mean diameter of droplet and the volumetric flow rate of additional gas. The increase in the bubble volume discharging through a single orifice causes the increase of the flow rate of aeration gas. The modifications of construction of atomizer lead to the better effectiveness of nebulization.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Investigation of reliability, validity, and cutoff value of the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test. This is a cross-sectional study.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Effects of cinnamaldehyde on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, some biochemical and hematological parameters in diabetic rats. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder related to blood insulin deficiency and high glucose level. Cinnamaldehyde is an important component of cinnamon and has an effect on blood glucose.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian fruit processing, wastes as a source of lipase and other biotechnological products: a review. The global food loss and waste is the most urgent research area in food science to attend the current demand for more sustainable and profitable processes. Along the productive chain about 1/3 of the food is lost or wasted, this number reaches 1/2 for fruit and vegetable production in developing countries. Brazil has been investing in researches aiming to turn its wastes into byproducts, as biomolecules of high value such as lipases. These enzymes are found in a high diversity of plant sources and their researches are covered by promising market growth expectations due to the current demand for biofuels and bio-transformed food. Thus, the aim of the present study is to discuss the potential of wastes generated by the Brazilian fruit processing to become a source of lipases, by the analysis of the most recent studies on fruit lipases, as well as the inclusion of this process in the biorefinery concept. According to this concept, different products can be obtained from the same raw material. Considering the confirmation of the presence of lipases on fruit wastes, the annual fruit production and the percentage of residues, the assessed data showed that wastes from the processing of orange, mango, papaya and palmare promising for lipase obtainment.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
A prospective evaluation of the 'C.O.A.C.H.E.D.' cognitive aid for emergency defibrillation. International guidelines recommend that interruptions to chest compressions are minimised during defibrillation. As a result, some resuscitation educators have adopted a more structured approach to defibrillation. One such approach is the 'C.O.A.C.H.E.D.' cognitive aid (Continue compressions, Oxygen away, All others away, Charging, Hands off, Evaluate, Defibrillate or Disarm). To date, there are no studies assessing the use of this cognitive aid.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
Transcranial direct current stimulation improve symptoms and modulates cortical inhibition in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A TMS-EEG study. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling condition for which approximately 40% of patients do not respond to first-line treatment. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a safe and accessible technique that modulates cortical excitability and inhibition, but evidence of its efficacy for OCD is insufficient.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dietary live yeast and mannan-oligosaccharide supplementation attenuate intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction induced by Escherichia coli in broilers. The effects of live yeast (LY) and mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation on intestinal disruption induced by Escherichia coli in broilers were investigated. The experimental design was a 3×2 factorial arrangement with three dietary treatments (control, 0·5 g/kg LY (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 1·0×1010 colony-forming units/g), 0·5 g/kg MOS) and two immune treatments (with or without E. coli challenge from 7 to 11 d of age). Samples were collected at 14 d of age. The results showed that E. coli challenge impaired (P<0·05) growth performance during the grower period (1-21 d) and the overall period (1-35 d) of broilers, increased (P<0·05) serum endotoxin and diamine oxidase levels coupled with ileal myeloperoxidase and lysozyme activities, whereas reduced (P<0·05) maltase activity, and compromised the morphological structure of the ileum. Besides, it increased (P<0·05) the mRNA expressions of several inflammatory genes and reduced occludin expression in the ileum. Dietary treatment with both LY and MOS reduced (P<0·05) serum diamine oxidase and ileal myeloperoxidase levels, but elevated villus height (P<0·10) and the ratio of villus height:crypt depth (P<0·05) of the ileum. It also alleviated (P<0·05) E. coli-induced increases (P<0·05) in ileal Toll-like receptor 4, NF-κ B and IL-1 β expressions. Moreover, LY supplementation reduced (P<0·05) feed conversion ratio of birds during the grower period and enhanced (P<0·05) the community diversity (Shannon and Simpson indices) of ileal microbiota, whereas MOS addition counteracted (P<0·05) the decreased ileal IL-10 and occludin expressions in challenged birds. In conclusion, both LY and MOS supplementation could attenuate E. coli-induced intestinal disruption by alleviating intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction in broilers. Moreover, LY addition could improve intestinal microbial community structure and feed efficiency of broilers.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hematologic indices in individuals with pathogenic germline DICER1 variants. Pathogenic germline variants in DICER1 underlie an autosomal dominant, pleiotropic tumor-predisposition disorder. Murine models with the loss of DICER1 in hematopoietic stem cell progenitors demonstrate hematologic aberrations that include reductions in red and white blood cell counts, hemoglobin volume, and impaired maturation resulting in dysplasia. We investigated whether hematologic abnormalities such as those observed in DICER1-deficient mice were observed in humans with a pathogenic germline variant in DICER1. A natural history study of individuals with germline pathogenic DICER1 variants and family controls conducted through the National Cancer Institute (NCI) evaluated enrollees at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center during a comprehensive clinical outpatient visit that included collecting routine clinical laboratory studies. These were compared against normative laboratory values and compared between the DICER1 carriers and controls. There were no statistical differences in routine clinical hematology laboratory studies observed in DICER1 carriers and family controls. A review of the medical history of DICER1 carriers showed that none of the individuals in the NCI cohort developed myelodysplastic syndrome or leukemia. Query of the International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 Registry revealed 1 DICER1 carrier who developed a secondary leukemia after treatment of pleuropulmonary blastoma. We found limited evidence that the hematologic abnormalities observed in murine DICER1 models developed in our cohort of DICER1 carriers. In addition, no cases of myelodysplastic syndrome were observed in either the NCI cohort or the International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 Registry; 1 case of presumed secondary leukemia was reported. Abnormalities in hematologic indices should not be solely attributed to DICER1. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01247597.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
Dietary habits in adolescence and midlife and risk of breast cancer in older women. Recent studies indicate that lifestyle factors in early life affect breast cancer risk. We therefore explored the association of high consumption of meat, milk, and whole grain products in adolescence and midlife, on breast cancer risk. We used data from the population based AGES-Reykjavik cohort (2002-2006), where 3,326 women with a mean age of 77 years (SD 6.0) participated. For food items and principal component derived dietary patterns we used Cox proportional models to calculate multivariate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). During a mean follow-up of 8.8 years, 97 women were diagnosed with breast cancer. For both adolescence and midlife, daily consumption of rye bread was positively associated with breast cancer (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.6 and HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-2.9, respectively). In contrast, persistent high consumption of oatmeal was negatively associated with breast cancer (0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.9). No association was found for other food items or dietary patterns that included rye bread. High rye bread consumption in adolescence and midlife may increase risk of late-life breast cancer whilst persistent consumption of oatmeal may reduce the risk.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Research on the mechanism of multilayer spiral fog screen dust removal at the comprehensive excavation face. To solve the problem of the inability of traditional spray dust removal technology to efficiently restrain dust diffusion at the heading face, a multilayer spiral fog curtain dust control method based on spirally arranged pneumatic nozzles is proposed. In this paper, the k-ɛ turbulence model and K-H droplet breakage model are used. First, different airflow fields are analyzed by simulating the simultaneous injection of different numbers of nozzles, and the motion law of airflow interaction is obtained. Taking the two-layer fog curtain as an example, a multiphysical field coupling numerical simulation of the two-layer spiral fog curtain applied in the field is carried out, and the variation law of its velocity field distribution and particle motion characteristics is analyzed. A similar experimental platform is established to verify the effectiveness of the simulation results and the feasibility of the dust removal scheme. The simulation results show that the double helix arrangement will form a rotating airflow with the cutting arm as the axis to cover the whole roadway section and produce a double-layer spiral fog curtain. The water mist is fragmented into smaller fog droplets under the action of rotating airflow, which improves the dust catching effect of the fog curtain. Experiments show that the dust removal rate and efficiency of multilayer spiral fog curtains are obviously stronger than those of natural dust reduction and traditional spray. After 3 minutes, a dust concentration of approximately 470 mg/m3 can be reduced to less than 4 mg/m3. The average dust removal rates of total dust and exhaled dust were 2.600 mg/(m3.s) and 0.189 mg/(m3.s), respectively, and the dust removal efficiencies were 97.01% and 94.32%.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
Lessons learnt from the first dual-specialty conference in oral and maxillofacial surgery led by medical students. There remains limited formal teaching and placements in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) in medical schools. OMFS incorporates surgical techniques and attends to conditions that overlap with specialties such as plastic, and ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgery. With an aim to introduce medical undergraduates to OMFS and promote links to clinical OMFS departments, we hereby report the successful organisation and impact of a locally-arranged, undergraduate, dual-specialty conference.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plasma proteoglycan prolargin in diagnosis and differentiation of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Right ventricular dysfunction may arise because of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Development of new diagnostic methods able to identify PAH and allow for earlier treatment initiation, before the development of vascular remodelling and manifest right heart failure (HF), could potentially improve prognosis. Proteoglycans and inflammatory proteins are involved in vascular remodelling. We aimed to investigate their potential as biomarkers to differentiate PAH in a dyspnoeic population.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Clinical management and biology of tumor dormancy in breast cancer. Clinical tumor dormancy is specified as an extended latency period between removal of the primary tumor and subsequent relapse in a cancer patient who has been clinically disease-free. In particular, patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer can undergo extended periods of more than five years before they relapse with overt metastatic disease. Recent studies have shown that minimal residual disease in breast cancer patients can be monitored by different liquid biopsy approaches like analysis of circulating tumor cells or cell-free tumor DNA. Even though the biological principles underlying tumor dormancy in breast cancer patients remain largely unknown, clinical observations and experimental studies have identified emerging mechanisms that control the state of tumor dormancy. In this review, we illustrate the latest discoveries on different molecular aspects that contribute to the control of tumor dormancy and distant metastatic relapse, then discuss current treatments affecting minimal residual disease and dormant cancer cells, and finally highlight how novel liquid biopsy based diagnostic methodologies can be integrated into the detection and molecular characterization of minimal residual disease.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Embryogenesis of flattened colonies implies the innovation required for the evolution of spheroidal colonies in volvocine green algae. Volvocine algae provide a suitable model for investigation of the evolution of multicellular organisms. Within this group, evolution of the body plan from flattened to spheroidal colonies is thought to have occurred independently in two different lineages, Volvocaceae and Astrephomene. Volvocacean species undergo inversion to form a spheroidal cell layer following successive cell divisions during embryogenesis. During inversion, the daughter protoplasts change their shape and develop acute chloroplast ends (opposite to basal bodies). By contrast, Astrephomene does not undergo inversion; rather, its daughter protoplasts rotate during successive cell divisions to form a spheroidal colony. However, the evolutionary pathways of these cellular events involved in the two tactics for formation of spheroidal colony are unclear, since the embryogenesis of extant volvocine genera with ancestral flattened colonies, such as Gonium and Tetrabaena, has not previously been investigated in detail.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0