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Borovsko Bridge [SEP] The Borovsko Bridge is an unfinished highway bridge near , part of Bernartice municipality, Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic. It is commonly known as the "Czech Avignon" or "Hitler's Bridge".
The original bridge over the Sedlický River near Borovsko was under construction at KM 59 of the highway between 1939-42 and 1948-50. Construction was commenced in July 1939 by the civil engineering company "ing. J. Domanský". The planned budget was 5,552,400 crowns. | 112 |
Borovsko Bridge [SEP] Despite most civil engineering projects in Czechoslovakia being halted after the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, in order that material schedule for them could be diverted to the Nazi war effort, the construction of the bridge continued, although it was halted after the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich, the Nazi overlord of Czechoslovakia. Under the Communist regime which came about at the end of World War II, construction resumed, even though the emphasis at the time was on heavy industry and railroads rather than on automobile travel. | 112 |
Borovsko Bridge [SEP]
The bridge itself was completed at the end of 1950 and formally approved by the authorities in 1952. However, highway construction was suspended in the 1950s, the rampart at the southern end was never finished, and the bridge was abandoned.
The 1960s brought new hope for the Borovsko Bridge and Czech highways. At the time, a project for a new large drinking-water reservoir for Prague was under consideration. | 112 |
Borovsko Bridge [SEP] Natural supply provided a high quality of water but a huge artificial lake was to flood a number of valleys, including two valleys where the Borovsko Bridge and the smaller neighbouring Sedmpanský Bridge were situated. Various scenarios were examined. One of them was reducing the lake size, but the city of Prague required millions of litres of drinking water. | 112 |
Borovsko Bridge [SEP] The other option was hydroinsulation of the bridge construction – but this approach was almost as costly as building a new bridge, even without considering the cost of water protection in case of accident etc. Finally, the decision was made to bypass the valley and to build a completely new bridge 1.4 km upriver to the south.
The dam has been in operation since 1976 and the sector of the D1 highway since 1977. | 112 |
Borovsko Bridge [SEP] The Borovsko Bridge and the Sedmpanský Bridge were abandoned, as were the routes a few kilometres west and east from the bridges' location. Today, huge spans of the Borovsko Bridge have been flooded almost up to the roadway. The bridge rests unseen in the middle of the forests of the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, as the whole lake district is a forbidden area and entry is strictly prohibited to protect the watershed.
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CCGS Cape Naden [SEP] The CCGS "Cape Naden" is one of the Canadian Coast Guard's 36 Cape class motor life boat.
The "Cape Naden" was built in the Victoria Shipyards, in Victoria, British Columbia. Keith Ashfield Canada's Minister of Fisheries and Oceans and Minister for the Atlantic Gateway officiated at the vessel's dedication at Pat Bay.
Like all Cape-class motor lifeboats, "Cape Naden" has a displacement of and a total length of and a beam length of . | 113 |
CCGS Cape Naden [SEP] Constructed from marine-grade aluminium, it has a draught length of . It contains two, computer-operated Caterpillar 3196 diesel engines. Providing a combined 900 shaft horsepower. shaft horsepower. It has two four-blade propellers, and its complement is four crew members and five passengers.
The lifeboat has a maximum speed of and a cruising speed of . Cape-class lifeboats have fuel capacities of and ranges of when cruising. " Cape Naden" is capable of operating at wind speeds of and wave heights of . | 113 |
CCGS Cape Naden [SEP] It can tow ships with displacements of up to and can withstand winds and -high breaking waves.
Communication options include Raytheon 152 HF-SSB and Motorola Spectra 9000 VHF50W radios, and a Raytheon RAY 430 loudhailer system. The boat also supports the Simrad TD-L1550 VHF-FM radio direction finder. | 113 |
CCGS Cape Naden [SEP] Raytheon provides a number of other electronic systems for the lifeboat, including the RAYCHART 620, the ST 30 heading indicator and ST 50 depth indicator, the NAV 398 global positioning system, a RAYPILOT 650 autopilot system, and either the R41X AN or SPS-69 radar systems.
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Hillbilly Hot Dogs [SEP] Hillbilly Hot Dogs is a roadside hot dog stand and tourist attraction located near Huntington, West Virginia known for gourmet hot dogs and hamburgers.
Its offerings include the Homewrecker Hot Dog, which is 15 inches long and "contains three and a half pounds of deep fried sausage and a deep fried one pound weenie topped with sauteed peppers and onion, two kinds of cheese, lettuce, tomatoes, jalapeños, spicy sauce, mustard, ketchup and creamy slaw." | 114 |
Hillbilly Hot Dogs [SEP] It is promoted with an "eat it all in 12 minutes, get a t-shirt and braggin' right" deal, and has been identified as one of the "world's worst junk foods". It also sells a 15-pound burger consisting of ten pounds of meat, five pounds of bun, cheese, ketchup, mustard, onions, pickles, tomatoes, and mayonnaise.
Hillbilly Hot Dogs' 10-Pound Burger has been ranked among America's fattiest foods. | 114 |
Hillbilly Hot Dogs [SEP]
Hillbilly Hot Dogs was featured on Food Network's Diners, Drive Ins, and Dives on their Flavortown Favorites Episode.
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Mary Ray Memorial School [SEP] The Mary Ray Memorial School, now the Raymond Community Center, is located on Raymond Sheddan Avenue in Raymond, Georgia, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 23, 2013.
The school was founded in 1908 as a one-room schoolhouse. When it opened, it had around 30 students. In 1909, there were around 70 students, and a wing was added. In 1910, it had over 100 students, and a second wing was built. | 115 |
Mary Ray Memorial School [SEP] The school was closed in 1948, and in the early 1950s the building was given to the community for a community club. In the mid-1980s, it fell into disrepair.
In 2007, new trustees were appointed, who met outside the building in the "kudzu" and decided to save it. Volunteer workers began the restoration in October 2007, and the work was completed in June 2011.
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Dronningmølle [SEP] Dronningmølle is a seaside resort town in Esbønderup parish, Gribskov Municipality in the Capital Region of Denmark, of eastern Denmark. Dronningmølle is located four kilometers west of Hornbæk, six kilometers east of Gilleleje and 22 kilometers north of Hillerød. The town is served by Dronningmølle Station on the Hornbæk Line.
The name Dronningmølle, literally "queen's mill", comes from a water mill located close to the point where the stream Esrum Å runs into the Kattegat. | 116 |
Dronningmølle [SEP] The first water mill at the site was built by monks from Esrum Abbey. In 1588, it was replaced by a new water mill which was commissioned by Frederick II of Denmark and named after his wife, Queen Sophie, possibly because she owned the site on which it was built. Valentin von Spangenberg, who also worked on Kronborg Castle and many other road and mill projects in the area, was charged with the construction of the complex. | 116 |
Dronningmølle [SEP]
The nearest settlements were Villingerød and Villingebæk which are both mentioned in documents from the early days of Esrum Abbey. Located a couple of kilometres inland, Villingerød, literally "The forest dwellers' clearing", was with its 10 farms the largest village in Esbønderup parish. Villingebæk, literally "The forest dwellers' stream", a reference to the location at Pandehave Å, consisted of a mixture of fishermen's houses and small farmsteads. | 116 |
Dronningmølle [SEP] It prospered from the fishing of herring in the 16th century but was hit hard by sand drift in the 17th and 18th century.
Since the beginning of the 20th century, thanks to its sandy beach, the locality has been a popular resort with hotels and guest houses along the coast road. Today, it has some 1,500 summerhouses reaching up to two kilometres inland. Until 1946, Kassegård, a large thatched house had stood for centuries on the corner of Villingerødvej and Linde Alle. | 116 |
Dronningmølle [SEP]
Dronningmølle Station on the Helsingør-Gilleleje line was initially opened to serve Dronningmølle Teglverk, a brick factory established in 1898 by the coffee merchant Ferdinand Andersen. For a time, the local fishermen were opposed to the growing importance of the factory but, as Andersen bought up most of the area, they were eventually forced to work there. The brickyard was closed in 1947 and subsequently demolished.
Dronningmølle water mill was rebuilt in the National Romantic style for Ferdinand Andersen and is now known as Dronningmølle Slot. | 116 |
Dronningmølle [SEP] The building has later been converted into holiday apartments. Ferdinand Andersen is also associated with other buildings in the area, such as the beach house Skansen which he constructed at the mouth of Esrum Å in 1899. The house takes its name after a protected defensive structure located on the estate. The now wingless wind mill next to the water mill was built in 1878 and remained in use until 1934. Dronningmølle Avlsgård from 1923 was designed by the architect Henning Hansen. | 116 |
Dronningmølle [SEP]
Munkeruphus (Munkerup House), a residence inspired by American Colonial Revival architecture, is located in Dronningmølle. It is now an exhibition centre.
The Rudolph Tegner Museum, just south of Dronningmølle, is dedicated to the work of the sculptor Rudolph Tegner who designed the building himself in a bunker-like Modernist style.
Villingerød Church, located on the west side of the road between Villingerød and Dronningmølle, close to the Rudolph Tegner Museum, is from 1906. | 116 |
Dronningmølle [SEP] It was designed by the architect Vilhelm Holck and is surrounded by a small graveyard.
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Tiergarten (park) [SEP] The Tiergarten (formal German name: ) is Berlin’s most popular inner-city park, located completely in the district of the same name. The park is in size and is among the largest urban gardens of Germany. Only the "Tempelhofer Park" (previously Berlin's Tempelhof airport) and Munich's "Englischer Garten" are larger.
The beginnings of the Tiergarten can be traced back to 1527. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP] It was founded as a hunting area for the Elector of Brandenburg, and was situated to the west of the Cölln city wall, which was the sister town of Old Berlin. It also sat in the same vicinity as the City Palace ("Stadtschloss"). In 1530 the expansion began; acres of land were purchased and the garden began to expand towards the north and west. The total area extended beyond the current Tiergarten, and the forests were perfect for hunting deer and other wild animals. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP] The Elector of Brandenburg had wild animals placed within the Tiergarten, which was fenced off from the outside to prevent the creatures from escaping, and was the main hunting ground for the electors of Brandenburg. This hobby, however, began to fade away as the city of Berlin began to expand and the hunting area shrank to accommodate the growth. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP]
Frederick Wilhelm I (1688–1740), Elector of Brandenburg (1713–1740), feeling the need to bring change to his private hunting grounds, built many structures that are still visible today. As the King was expanding Unter den Linden, a roadway that connected the City Palace and the Tiergarten, he had a swathe of forest removed in order to connect his castle to the newly built Charlottenburg Palace. " | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP] Der Große Stern", the central square of the Tiergarten, and "Kurfürstenplatz", the electoral plaza, were added, with seven and eight boulevards respectively. This is seen as the beginning of a transformation in the Tiergarten, a movement from the king’s personal hunting territory to a forest park designed for the people. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP]
Frederick Wilhelm I's son and successor, Frederick II ("Frederick the Great") (1712–1786) did not appreciate the hunt as his predecessors did, In 1740, he opened the park's first public gardens. In 1742 he instructed the architect Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff to tear down the fences that surrounded the territory and to turn the park into a "Lustgarten" (literally "pleasure garden"), one that would be open to the people of Berlin. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP] In the baroque style popular at the time he added flowerbeds, borders and espaliers in geometrical layouts, along with mazes, water basins and ornamental ponds; he also commissioned sculptures to add cultural significance. Unique to the time period, areas of congregation called "salons" were established along the many different walkways in the park. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP] These salons were blocked off from the walking path by hedges or trees and often furnished with seating, fountains and vases, offering guests a change of pace and a place to discuss intellectual matters in private. Such freedom was common under the rule of Frederick II; there were even residents allowed to live within the Tiergarten. Refugees, Huguenots in hiding from the French, were allowed to erect tents and sell refreshments to the pedestrians walking through the park. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP] A pheasant house was erected, which would later become the core of the Zoological Garden, a zoo founded in 1844 that lies within the greater Tiergarten. During the revolutions of 1848, the park hosted the first assembly demanding the abolishment of the national censors.
At the end of the 18th century, Knobelsdorff's late-baroque form had been all but replaced by ideas for a new, scenic garden ideal. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP] The castle park Bellevue and Rousseau Island were laid out by court gardener Justus Ehrenreich Sello in the late 18th century. It was then in 1818 that the king commissioned the help of Peter Joseph Lenné, a young man who was at the time the gardener's assistant at Sanssouci in Potsdam. His plans involved the creation of a rural "Volkspark", or people's park, that would also serve as a sort of Prussian national park that would help lift the spirits of those who visited. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP] However, the King Frederick William III rejected Lenné's plan. Against the opposition of a hesitant bureaucracy, Lenné submitted a modified version of his concept. This plan was accepted and realized between 1833 and 1840. The park was modeled after English gardens, but Lenné made sure to pay attention to Knobelsdorff's structures and layouts. By draining forests areas he allowed for more footpaths, roadways, and bridleways to be laid down. Several features became characteristic components of the Tiergarten. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP] Wide-open grass lawns traversed by streams and clusters of trees, lakes with small islands, countless bridges like the Löwenbrücke, and a multitude of pathways became distinguishing features of the new garden.
Up until 1881, the Tiergarten was owned by the monarchy, and came under the direct control of the King and later the Emperor. Soon after Emperor William I abolished his rights to the forest, he added the boundaries to the new district of Berlin, so that the people may use and uphold it. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP] However, until the middle of the twentieth century, the Tiergarten remained in the style that Lenné had left it in. The biggest changes came in the form of nationalistic memorials that began construction in 1849 under the directorship of Eduard Niede and Hermann Geitner. These monuments were seen as patriotic contributions to the culture of the Tiergarten. The Siegesallee ("Victory Avenue") could be considered the most famous addition. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP] Built under the orders of Emperor William II, it was lined with statues of former Prussian royal figures of varying historical importance. The Prachtboulevard ("Magnificence Boulevard") was added in 1895 and became the area known as the Königsplatz, which would later become Platz der Republik.
The park is covered in statues commemorating those famous to the Prussians and the activities they enjoyed doing. Animal statues are to be found throughout the park, playing the counterpart to the stone hunters that also inhabit the area. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP] Built by famous sculptor Friedrich Drake, a statue to Queen Louise, beloved queen of the Prussians, is also to be found here alongside her husband, Frederick William III. Statues of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Theodor Fontane, Richard Wagner and Albert Lortzing were also erected. The "Komponistendenkmal", or the Beethoven-Haydn-Mozart Memorial, is another example of how the Germans wanted to respect and honor the men and women who gave them a unique culture. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP]
The Nazi Party took control of Germany in 1933, causing a dramatic change of idealism. This change was not just social; in fact, Adolf Hitler had planned the complete renovation of the city of Berlin. " Welthauptstadt Germania", or World Capital Germania, was the idea the Nazis wanted to bring to fruition. The Tiergarten was to be a central location in the new city. The Charlottenburger Chaussee, today known as the Straße des 17. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP] Juni, was to be the central line between the east and west, and was widened from to , the same width as the current street. The Berlin Victory Column was also moved to the Großer Stern, where it remains to this day.
The Second World War caused significant damage to the Tiergarten and its various cultural elements. Many statues were destroyed or damaged. Some of the Berlin citizens even buried statues in the grounds of the nearby Bellevue Palace in order to prevent further destruction. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP] They were not recovered until 1993.
After the war, the Tiergarten became part of the British Occupation sector of West Berlin. The area however underwent a sudden, violent change; much of the wooded area was felled and turned to firewood due to the shortage of coal, and the now empty fields were turned into temporary farmland by order of British troops. There were around 2,550 plots of land available for growing potatoes and vegetables. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP] However, these two factors caused the once great forest to nearly disappear; only 700 trees survived out of over 200,000 that once lined the parkway, the bodies of water turned silty, every bridge was destroyed, the monuments lay on their sides and were badly damaged. Plans to fill the waterways with debris from the war were also suggested, but were prevented by the head of the Berlin Central Office of Environmental Planning, Reinhold Lingner. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP]
In 1945, almost directly after the fall of Berlin, the occupying Soviets erected a monument for the fallen soldiers of the Red Army on the north side of the current Straße des 17. Juni. Situated less than a mile away from the Reichstag, it was built in such short notice that it was located in the planned British sector. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP] When the Berlin Wall went up around West Berlin in 1961, the monument became inaccessible to the people for whom it was built, although Soviet honor guards were allowed to be stationed at the monument with approval from the British occupying forces.
On June 2, 1945, the Berlin Magistrate decided they would restore the Greater Tiergarten. The first suggestions came in 1946/47. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP] Reinhold Lingner and Georg Pniower, Professor of Garden Design at Berlin University, were the first to offer plans, but both were rejected during the division of Berlin by the Allied powers. Instead, they decided to follow the plans of the Tiergarten Director Willy Alverdes, whose plan seemed to be a more pragmatic approach: instead of rebuilding the park in a new fashion, Alverdes' plans depended on the existing design of the park. He wanted to establish a tranquil, spacious park where one could relax and recover. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP] The Tiergarten was reforested between 1949 and 1959. On March 17, 1949, the Lord Mayor Ernst Reuter planted the first tree, a linden, to signify the beginning of the restoration. West Germany took over the operation and sponsorship; about 250,000 young trees were delivered to the former capital from all over the Bundesrepublik, even being delivered via plane during the Berlin Blockade. Alverdes' plan did away with the pre-existing baroque-styled structures in the park, claiming the style was not in keeping with the period. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP] The combination of baroque and regional art was tossed out. Being a very natural park landscape, the Tiergarten was a very important area for rest and relaxation for the West Berliners, who were separated from their homeland by the Berlin Wall.
Several buildings have been added to the area surrounding the park, many of which were constructed by foreign architects. The Haus der Kulturen der Welt is a prime example. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP] It began construction in 1956 under the initiative of Eleanor Dulles as an American contribution to the Interbau, an International Architecture Exhibition employed to exhibit new social, cultural, and ecological ideas in architecture.
The Tiergarten's culture began to stagnate until the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. After the reunification of East and West Berlin in 1990, many of the outskirts of the park changed drastically. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP] For instance, along the streets that border the southern boundary of the park, dilapidated embassy buildings that had stood for decades were reoccupied and others were rebuilt from the ground up, such as the Nordic embassies. On the northern border the new German Chancellery was built, along with office buildings for the everyday work of the delegates. The Reichstag was refurbished with a new, glass dome that has become a popular tourist attraction. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP] Several overgrown areas that had been used for picnics and football were replaced with open spaces and grassy lawns that have added to the prestige of the park. Due to its status as a garden memorial of the city of Berlin, encroachment onto the Tiergarten from businesses and residents has been illegal since 1991.
A large tunnel, commissioned in 2006, has been built under the Tiergarten, allowing easy movement from north to south for motor vehicles, trams, and more recently S-Bahn trains. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP] The original proposal for the tunnel was met with great opposition from environmentalists, who believed the vegetation would be damaged due to shifts in ground-water levels; in fact, the first plans for construction were denied by a court order.
Two memorial monuments are located towards the eastern end of the park—the Memorial to Homosexuals Persecuted Under Nazism, built 2008, and the Memorial to the Sinti and Roma Victims of National Socialism, built 2012. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP]
The park is located on the northern and central side of Tiergarten "Ortsteil" and is bordered, on the northern side, by the river Spree. The little quarter Hansaviertel borders on it at the north-western side and the Zoological Garden is situated on the south-western side. The principal road is the "Straße des 17. Juni" which ends, in the east, at the Brandenburg Gate. Other main roads are the "Altonaer Straße", "Spreeweg" and "Hofjägerallee". | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP] In the middle of the park is the square named "Großer Stern" ("Great Star") with the "Siegessäule" (Victory column) located in its centre. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP] In addition to the Brandenburg Gate, other notable buildings and structures located close to the park are the Soviet War Memorial, the Reichstag (seat of the Bundestag) and Federal Chancellery (seat of the Chancellor of Germany) (all in the eastern borders), the new central railway station (in the north) and, on the southeastern borders, the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, the Memorial to the Sinti and Roma victims of National Socialism and the central square of Potsdamer Platz. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP]
In the northerly neighbouring quarter of Moabit a much smaller park bears the same name, thus both are differentiated as Großer and Kleiner Tiergarten.
The Tiergarten has an area of around , and after , it is the second biggest parkland in Berlin and the third biggest inner-city parkland in Germany.
The park is principally served by the "S-Bahn" at the rail stops of Berlin Tiergarten (situated at the western entrance on the "Straße des 17. | 117 |
Tiergarten (park) [SEP] Juni") and Berlin Bellevue (lines S5 S7 S75). The N9 bus also serves the park.
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Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP] The Boeing 737 Next Generation, commonly abbreviated as 737NG, or 737 Next Gen, is the −600/-700/-800/-900 series of the Boeing 737 airliner. It is the third generation derivative of the 737, and follows the 737 Classic (−300/-400/-500) series, which began production in the 1980s. They are short- to medium-range, narrow-body jet airliners powered by two engines. Produced since 1996 by Boeing Commercial Airplanes, the 737NG series includes four variants and can seat between 110 and 210 passengers. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP]
Formally launched in 1993, the 737NG is an upgrade of the preceding 737 Classic models featuring a redesigned wing that is larger in area, with a wider wingspan, and greater fuel capacity. It is equipped with CFM56-7 series engines, a glass cockpit, and features upgraded and redesigned interior configurations. Performance and capability upgrades over its predecessor include longer range, greater capacity (in its largest variants), and available higher maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) specifications. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP]
As of 31 May 2019, a total of 7,097 737NG aircraft have been ordered, of which 7,031 have been delivered. The remaining orders are in the -700 BBJ, -800, -800 BBJ and -900ER variants. The most common variant is the -800, which has had over 5,000 delivered as of 2019 and is the most widely used narrowbody aircraft worldwide. The 737NG's primary competition is with the Airbus A320 family. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP] The upgraded and re-engined 737 MAX series is to supplant the 737NG, with the first 737 MAX delivered in 2017.
When regular Boeing customer United Airlines bought the more technologically advanced fly-by-wire Airbus A320, this prompted Boeing to update the slower, shorter-range 737 Classic variants into the more efficient, longer New Generation variants. In 1991, Boeing initiated development of an updated series of aircraft. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP] After working with potential customers, the "737 Next Generation" (NG) program was announced on November 17, 1993. The 737NG encompasses the -600, -700, -800 and -900 variants. The NG program was the most significant upgrade of the airframe to date. The performance of the 737NG would be essentially that of a new airplane, but important commonality would be retained from previous 737 generations.
The wing was modified to increase its area by 25 percent and its span by . | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP] Though a thinner cross-section was created, the total fuel capacity was increased by 30 percent. New quieter and more fuel-efficient CFM56-7B engines were used. These improvements combined to increase the 737's range by 900 nmi (1,700 km), permitting transcontinental service. A flight test program was performed using 10 of the new NG aircraft: 3 -600s, 4 -700s, and 3 -800s. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP]
The passenger cabin of a 737 Next Generation aircraft improved on the previous interior of the Boeing 757-200 and the Boeing 737 Classic variants by incorporating select features from the Boeing 777 such as larger, more rounded overhead bins and curved ceiling panels. The interior of the 737 Next Generation also became the standard interior on the Boeing 757-300 and subsequently became optional on the 757-200. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP]
In 2010, the interiors of new 737 Next Generation aircraft would include an updated interior design similar to that of the Boeing 787. Known as the "Boeing Sky Interior" (BSI), it introduced new pivoting overhead bins (a first for a Boeing narrow-body aircraft), new sidewalls, new passenger service units, and LED mood lighting. Boeing's newer "Space Bins" can carry 50 percent more than the pivoting bins, thus allowing a 737-800 to hold 174 carry-on bags. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP] Boeing also offered BSI retrofits for older 737NG aircraft.
The first NG to roll out was a −700, on December 8, 1996. This aircraft, the 2,843 737 built, first flew on February 9, 1997 with pilots Mike Hewett and Ken Higgins. The prototype −800 rolled out on June 30, 1997 and first flew on July 31, 1997, piloted by Jim McRoberts and again by Hewett. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP] The smallest of the new variants, the −600 series, is identical in size to the −500, launching in December 1997 with an initial flight occurring January 22, 1998; it was granted FAA certification on August 18, 1998.
Boeing increased 737 production from 31.5 to 35 per month in January 2012, to 38 per month in 2013, to 42 per month in 2014, and is planned to reach rates of 47 per month in 2017 and 52 per month in 2018. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP]
The monthly production rate could reach 57 per month in 2019, even to the factory limit of 63 later. A single airplane is produced in Boeing Renton Factory in 10 days, less than half what it was only a few years ago. The empty fuselage from Spirit AeroSystems in Wichita, Kansas, enters the plant on Day 1. Electrical wiring is installed on Day 2 and hydraulic machinery on Day 3. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP] On Day 4 the fuselage is crane-lifted and rotated 90 degrees, wings are mated to the airplane in a six-hour process, along with landing gear, and the airplane is again rotated 90°. The final assembly process begins on Day 6 with the installation of airline seats, galleys, lavatories, overhead bins, etc. Engines are attached on Day 8. It rolls out of the factory for test flights on Day 10. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP]
In 2004, Boeing offered a Short Field Performance package in response to the needs of Gol Transportes Aéreos, who frequently operate from restricted airports. The enhancements improve takeoff and landing performance. The optional package is available for the 737NG models and standard equipment for the 737-900ER. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP]
In July 2008, Boeing offered Messier-Bugatti-Dowty's new carbon brakes for the Next-Gen 737s, which are intended to replace steel brakes and will reduce the weight of the brake package by depending on whether standard or high-capacity steel brakes were fitted. A weight reduction of on a 737-800 results in 0.5% reduction in fuel burn. Delta Air Lines received the first Next-Gen 737 model with this brake package, a 737-700, at the end of July 2008. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP]
In 2005, three ex-Boeing employees filed a lawsuit on behalf of the U.S. government, claiming that dozens of 737NG contained defective structural elements supplied by airframe manufacturer Ducommun, allegations denied by Boeing. The federal judge presiding the case sided with Boeing, and a subsequent court of appeal also ruled in favour of the company. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP]
A 2010 documentary by Al Jazeera alleged that in three plane crashes involving 737 NGs – Turkish Airlines Flight 1951, American Airlines Flight 331 and AIRES Flight 8250 – the fuselage broke up following impact with the ground because of the defective structural components subject of the 2005 lawsuit. However, the accident investigations in all three cases did not highlight any link between post-impact structural failures and manufacturing issues. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP]
As early 737NG aircraft become available on the market they are actively marketed to be converted to cargo planes via the Boeing Converted Freighter design as the operational economics are attractive due to the low operating costs and availability of certified pilots on a robust airframe.
Since 2006, Boeing has discussed replacing the 737 with a "clean sheet" design (internally named "Boeing Y1") that could follow the Boeing 787 Dreamliner. A decision on this replacement was postponed, and delayed into 2011. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP]
On July 20, 2011, Boeing announced plans for a new 737 version to be powered by the CFM International LEAP-X engine, with American Airlines intending to order 100 of these aircraft. Internally, a minimum change version of the Leap-X is the probable final configuration for the proposed re-engined 737, and is expected to give a 10–12% improvement in fuel burn. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP] Entry into service was planned for 2016 or 2017, with the new models probably being designated 737-7/-8/-9, being based on the 737-700/-800/-900ER respectively.
On August 30, 2011, Boeing confirmed the launch of the 737 new engine variant, called the 737 MAX. Its new CFM International LEAP-1B engines are expected to provide a 16% lower fuel burn than the current Airbus A320. Boeing delivered the first 737 MAX 8 to Malindo Air on May 16, 2017. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP] The 737 MAX competes with the Airbus A320neo family.
The 737-600 was launched by SAS in March 1995 with the first aircraft delivered in September 1998. A total of 69 have been produced with the last aircraft delivered to WestJet in 2006. Boeing displayed the 737-600 in its price list until August 2012. The 737-600 replaces the 737-500 and is similar to the Airbus A318.
Winglets were not an option. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP]
WestJet was to launch the -600 winglets, but dropped them in 2006.
In November 1993, Southwest Airlines launched the Next-Generation program with an order for 63 737-700s and took delivery of the first one in December 1997. It replaced the 737-300, typically seating 126 passengers in two classes to 149 in all-economy configuration, similarly to the Airbus A319. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP]
As of July 2018, all -700 series on order, 1,128 -700, 120 -700 BBJ, 20 -700C, and 14 -700W aircraft have been delivered. By June 2018, around one thousand were in service: half of them with Southwest Airlines, followed by Westjet with 56 and United Airlines with 39. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP] The value of a new -700 stayed around $35 million from 2008 to 2018, a 2003 aircraft was valued for $15.5 million in 2016 and $12 million in 2018 and will be scrapped for $6 million by 2023.
The 737-700C is a convertible version where the seats can be removed to carry cargo instead. There is a large door on the left side of the aircraft. The United States Navy was the launch customer for the 737-700C under the military designation C-40 Clipper. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP]
Boeing launched the "737-700ER" (Extended Range) on January 31, 2006, with All Nippon Airways as the launch customer. Inspired by the Boeing Business Jet, it features the fuselage of the 737-700 and the wings and landing gear of the 737-800. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP] When outfitted with nine auxiliary fuel tanks, it can hold 10,707 gallons (40,530 L) of fuel, and with a 171,000 lb (77,565 kg) MTOW it has a 5,775 nmi (10,695 km) range with 48 premium seats in one class. The first was delivered on February 16, 2007, to ANA with 24 business class and 24 premium economy seats only. A 737-700 can typically accommodate 126 passengers in two classes. It is similar to the Airbus A319LR. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP]
The Boeing 737-800 is a stretched version of the 737-700. It replaced the 737-400. The Boeing 737-800 competes with the Airbus A320. The 737-800 seats 162 passengers in a two-class layout or 189 passengers in a one-class layout. The 737−800 was launched by Hapag-Lloyd Flug (now TUIfly) in 1994 and entered service in 1998. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP]
Following Boeing's merger with McDonnell Douglas, the 737-800 also filled the gap left by Boeing's decision to discontinue the McDonnell Douglas MD-80 and MD-90 aircraft. For many airlines in the U.S., the 737-800 replaced aging Boeing 727-200 trijets.
The 737-800 burns of jet fuel per hour—about 80 percent of the fuel used by an MD-80 on a comparable flight, while carrying more passengers. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP] According to the Airline Monitor, an industry publication, a 737-800 burns of fuel per seat per hour. In 2011, United Airlines— flying a Boeing 737-800 from Houston to Chicago—operated the first U.S. commercial flight powered by a blend of algae-derived biofuel and traditional jet fuel to reduce its carbon footprint.
In early 2017, a new 737-800 was valued at $48.3 million, falling to below $47 million by mid-2018. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP] By 2025, a 17-year-old 737-800W will be worth $9.5 million and leased for $140,000 per month.
As of May 2019, Boeing had delivered 4,979 737-800s, 116 737-800As, and 21 737-800 BBJ2s and has 12 737-800 unfilled orders. The 737-800 is the most popular variant of the 737NG and ranks as the most common narrow-body aircraft in service. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP] Ryanair, an Irish low-cost airline, is among the largest operators of the Boeing 737-800, with a fleet of over 400 737-800 aircraft serving routes across Europe, Middle East and North Africa.
In February 2016, Boeing launched a passenger-to-freighter conversion program, with converted aircraft designated as 737-800BCF (for Boeing Converted Freighter). Boeing started the program with orders for 55 conversions, with the first converted aircraft due for late 2017 delivery. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP] The first converted aircraft was delivered to West Atlantic in April 2018.
At the 2018 Farnborough Airshow, GECAS announced an agreement for 20 firm orders and 15 option orders for the 737-800BCF, raising the commitment to 50 aircraft. Total orders and commitments include 80 aircraft to over half a dozen customers.
Modifications to the 737-800 airframe include installing a large cargo door, a cargo handling system, and additional accommodations for non-flying crew or passengers. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP] The aircraft is designed to fly up to at a MTOW of .
Boeing later introduced the 737-900, the longest variant to date. Because the −900 retains the same exit configuration of the −800, seating capacity is limited to 189 in a high-density 1-class layout, although the 2-class number is lower at approximately 177. Alaska Airlines launched the 737-900 in 1997 and accepted delivery on May 15, 2001. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP] The 737-900 also retains the MTOW and fuel capacity of the −800, trading range for payload.
The "737-900ER" (ER for extended range), which was called the 737-900X prior to launch, is the newest addition and the largest variant of the Boeing 737 NG line and was introduced to meet the range and passenger capacity of the discontinued 757-200 and to directly compete with the Airbus A321. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP] An additional pair of exit doors and a flat rear pressure bulkhead increased seating capacity to 180 passengers in a two-class configuration.
It can accommodate up to 220 passengers. Some airlines seal the additional exit. Additional fuel capacity and standard winglets improved range to that of other 737NG variants.
The first 737-900ER was rolled out of the Renton, Washington factory on August 8, 2006 for its launch customer, Lion Air, an Indonesian low-cost airline. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP] The airline received this aircraft on April 27, 2007 in a special dual paint scheme combining the Lion Air's logo on the vertical stabilizer and the Boeing's livery colors on the fuselage. Lion Air has orders for 103 Boeing 737-900ERs as of September 2017.
As of May 2019, 52 -900s, 504 -900ERs, and seven -900 BBJ3s have been delivered with 1 unfilled order. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP]
With a smaller operator base, the -900ER is not as liquid as other variants: in October 2018, a ten-year-old -900ER was worth $19.4 million and leased for $180,000 per month over eight years, below the -800, while there is a premium for the A321 over the A320. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP] By 2025, a seventeen-year-old -900ER will reach $8.5 million with a $120,000 lease, $1.0 million and $20,000 less per month than a -800W of the same age, and could be parted out or converted to a freighter.
In the late 1980s, Boeing marketed the Boeing 77-33 jet, a business jet version of the 737-300. The name was short-lived. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP] After the introduction of the next generation series, Boeing introduced the Boeing Business Jet (BBJ) series. The BBJ1 was similar in dimensions to the 737-700 but had additional features, including stronger wings and landing gear from the 737-800, and has increased range (through the use of extra fuel tanks) over the other various 737 models. The first BBJ rolled out on August 11, 1998 and flew for the first time on September 4.
On October 11, 1999 Boeing launched the BBJ2. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP] Based on the 737-800, it is longer than the BBJ1, with 25% more cabin space and twice the baggage space, but has slightly reduced range. It is also fitted with auxiliary belly fuel tanks and winglets. The first BBJ2 was delivered on February 28, 2001.
The BBJ3 aircraft is based on the 737-900ER aircraft. In January 2014, three 737-900ER aircraft had been configured as BBJ3 business jets for Saudi Arabian customers. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP] The BBJ3 is approximately 16 feet longer than the 737-800/BBJ2, and has a slightly shorter range.
As of July 2018, 6,343 Boeing 737 Next Generation aircraft were in commercial service. This comprised 39 -600s, 1,027 -700s, 4,764 -800s and 513 -900s.
According to the Aviation Safety Network, the Boeing 737 Next Generation series has been involved in 15 hull-loss accidents and 10 hijackings, for a total of 590 fatalities. | 118 |
Boeing 737 Next Generation [SEP] The worst one involving the aircraft was Air India Express Flight 812 which crashed in 2010. An analysis by Boeing on commercial jet airplane accidents in the period 1959–2013 showed that the Next Generation series had a hull loss rate of 0.27 per million departures versus 0.54 for the classic series and 1.75 for the original series.
| 118 |
Lake Bled [SEP] Lake Bled (; ) is a lake in the Julian Alps of the Upper Carniolan region of northwestern Slovenia, where it adjoins the town of Bled. The area is a tourist destination. The lake is from Ljubljana International Airport and from the capital city, Ljubljana.
The lake is of mixed glacial and tectonic origin. It is long and wide, with a maximum depth of , and it has a small island. The lake lies in a picturesque environment, surrounded by mountains and forests. | 119 |
Lake Bled [SEP] Medieval Bled Castle stands above the lake on the north shore and has a museum. The Zaka Valley lies at the west end of the lake.
The World Rowing Championships in 1966, 1979, 1989, and 2011 were held at Lake Bled.
The lake surrounds Bled Island (). | 119 |
Lake Bled [SEP] The island has several buildings, the main one being the pilgrimage church dedicated to the Assumption of Mary (), built in its current form near the end of the 17th century, and decorated with remains of Gothic frescos from around 1470 in the presbyterium and rich Baroque equipment.
The church has a tower and there is a Baroque stairway dating from 1655 with 99 stone steps leading up to the building. The church is frequently visited and weddings are held there regularly. | 119 |