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== November 2011 == Welcome and thank you for your contributions. Your test on the page New Mexico worked, and it has been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment further, please use the sandbox instead. Please take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Thank you. Dawnseeker2000 If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

71.228.103.38

==Untitled== The article says it was commissioned by the widow, but also says the husband died three years before the house was commissioned. As I recall from the plaques in the place when it hosted a chess tournament I played in, the railroad magnate and the wife commissioned the place together and when the railroad magnate died, the architect/designer (Searles) married the then-widow and moved in. I think saying 'commissioned by the widow' misstates the history. Dvd Avins (talk)

Searles Castle (Massachusetts)

== April 2009 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. faithless (speak) If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices. == April 2009 == Please do not introduce incorrect information into articles. Your edits appear to be vandalism and have been reverted. If you believe the information you added was correct, please cite references or sources or discuss the changes on the article's talk page before making them again. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. TJ Spyke Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, you will be blocked from editing. faithless (speak) If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices. This is your last warning. You will be blocked from editing the next time you vandalize a page, as you did with this edit to Mickie James. J.delanoygabsadds

98.216.182.21

== June 2012 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Operation Epsom, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been considered as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again. If you need help, please see our help pages, and if you can't find what you are looking for there, please feel free to place "" on your talk page and someone will drop by to help. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Operation Epsom was changed by 99.99.70.133 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.879255 on 2012-06-13T04:10:43+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Bubble tea with this edit. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. == August 2012 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a message letting you know that one of your recent edits has been undone by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG. ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made was constructive, please read about it, , remove this message from your talk page, and then make the edit again. For help, take a look at the introduction. The following is the log entry regarding this message: Prussia was changed by 99.99.70.133 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.964936 on 2012-08-14T21:03:30+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)

99.99.70.133

__NOTOC__ Year 174 (CLXXIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Gallus and Flaccus (or, less frequently, year 927 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 174 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. == Events == === By place === ==== Roman Empire ==== Empress Faustina the Younger accompanies her husband, Marcus Aurelius, on various military campaigns and enjoys the love of the Roman soldiers. Aurelius gives her the title of Mater Castrorum (Mother of the Camp). ==== Asia ==== Reign in India of Yajnashri Satakarni, Satavahana king of the Andhra. He extends his empire from the center to the north of India. === By topic === ==== Arts and sciences ==== Meditations by Marcus Aurelius is written, in Greek, while on military campaigns. == Births == Jia Kui, general of Wei (d. 230) Tuoba Liwei, leader of the Tuoba clan (d. 277) Zhuge Jin, official of the Wu Kingdom, elder brother of Zhuge Liang (d. 241) == Deaths == Pope Soter == References ==

174

Coleophora cercidiphyllella is a moth of the Coleophoridae family. It is found in Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu). The wingspan is 9.5–11 mm. The larvae feed on Cercidiphyllum japonicum. They create a light greyish-brown, tubular leaf-case, gradually tapering towards the anal end. It is 5–6 mm in length with a large blackish dorsal patch, which is transversely sculptured. They feed on the young leaves and can be found in May. ==References== Coleophora Animals described in 1965 Moths of Japan

Coleophora cercidiphyllella

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Aaronsiqq

A Burgos Retriever (perdiguero de Burgos) is a breed of dog native to Spain. Originating from Castile, especially in the province of Burgos, this hardy breed is used for hunting and has some outstanding features for small game. ==History and origin of the breed== It is an ancient breed originating in the Castilian plateau, which is very widespread. It is very probable that this race has participated in the creation of other races of this group. ==Description== The figure of Burgos Retriever is perhaps not so style crystallized as other breeds in their group (such as the English Pointer), but conveys a clear sense of robustness thanks to its port square. Things to note are their long ears and two folded sheets in the form of double chin. The tail is usually cut off a third of its original length. Colour: It has two color variations: one where the basic color is stained and/or combined with other brown and brown, where the basic color is brown which is, in this case, white spottled. Coat: The fur is short, bushy and smooth. Height: Males from and females from . Weight: . ==Care== If kept in its natural environment of care that requests are rare, given its perfect adaptation to its environment. Like so many other breeds of require daily exercise and large doses of wide open spaces where they run. ==Temperament== It is a gentle and quiet dog who rarely startled easily. Not a dog that fits well in urban environments ==Training== It is intelligent and learns easily it comes to their job hunting. ==Utility== How many other races of this group is a dog hunter, exclusive countryside environments and that has not been used in other purposes. Within this hunting breed is described as "trace and shows (by its smell so). It is used for both hunting hair (rabbits, [etc.). As for the feather (

Burgos Pointer

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Dunknrun

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Farzadcheema

redirects here for historical reasons (i.e., laziness). Most of the discussion really refers to common.css. == Other TODOs == This is not a request for help; these are just notes to myself. Fine-tune colors for featured/good/spoken articles: Specifically, differentiate visited from unvisited better, and differentiate each class similarly to Pyrospirit/metadata Tweak the styling for nonfree-media (but how?) Add styling for indefinitely(?) protected redirects (semi? full?) (wontfix; see SoledadKabocha/vector.js#Other TODOs actually fixed after changes to linkclassifier script) Stop the protection-edit-sysop rule from applying on the Main Page (i.e. body:not(.page-Main_Page) restOfRuleHere) (wontfix) Figure out why the lock icon behind salted links isn't applying consistently (would !important help?) Figure out the proper way to hide the perf error message from (Remember the dot's) syntax highlighter gadget; maybe I should have used ~ instead of >? SoledadKabocha (talk) (last update ) == !important cleanup == Originally I tried to keep the selectors as concise as possible per a Mozilla Developer guide on CSS efficiency, but that forced me to throw !important around a lot of places, which at least one user (mentioned in edit summary on common.css) said is a bad practice. These notes are specific to common.css. In particular, they do not apply to unclutter.css, which is mostly copied from another user (Kephir) anyway. ...#mw-fr-revisiontag-edit, #mw-fr-reviewnotice: Probably just needs more specificity (tag names), but the large number of selectors lumped together makes that hard to investigate (done partially - only flagged revs stuff) .merror: Should be changed to .MathJax .merror according to Nageh/mathJax/config/TeX-AMS-texvc_HTML.js, but that alone might still have race conditions (which would then necessitate adding a tag name to achieve greater specificity) A.deletion, A.broken-redirect: Just try moving it below other text-shadow rules (unless this was a plainlinks conflict?) A.deletion-rfd, A.mw-redirect.deletion: Just try moving it below other text-shadow rules (unless this was a plainlinks conflict?) A.soft-redirect, A.user-altaccount: Just try moving it below other linear-gradient rules (unless this was a plainlinks conflict, which is likely for altaccount) A.deadextlink:hover, A.invalidisbn:hover, A.missingisbn:hover: Should be moved down .plainlinks > A.nonimage.protection-create-sysop-indef: Try adding the tag name span to plainlinks; otherwise, will need further investigation of where the default plainlinks style comes from (hardcoded into MediaWiki?) A.baduserlink: This is a plainlinks conflict... All in "adapted from Isarra/diffs.css": Needs investigation of Js/ajaxPreview == Compatibility with beta features == Remember to remove the first line of this once Typography Refresh leaves beta. (Just for maintenance purposes; shouldn't actually affect anything. But where do I see the actual CSS rules that Typography Refresh uses?) --SoledadKabocha (talk)

SoledadKabocha/vector.css

==Image Contributions== The following is a select list of my image contionsributions: 撮影･作製･加工･修正･アップロードした画像の中から主なものをあげました。 ===Free Images=== Image:Aba Daba Honeymoon.jpg‎|Aba Daba Honeymoon『アバ･ダバ･ハネムーン』 Image:Shinzo Abe Sept. 8, 2007 cropped.jpg|Shinzō Abe安倍晋三 Image:PM and Mrs Abe arrive at WH 26 April 2007 from side angle cropped.jpg‎|Shinzō Abe安倍晋三 Image:PM and Mrs Abe arrive at WH 26 April 2007 cropped 1.jpg‎|Shinzō Abe安倍晋三 Image:Nobuyuki Abe formal.jpg‎|Nobuyuki Abe阿部信行 Image:Nobuyuki Abe uniform.jpg‎|Nobuyuki Abe阿部信行 Image:Nobuyuki Abe and his wife Mitsuko cropped.jpg‎|Nobuyuki Abe阿部信行 Image:Abe receiving a call from the LKPS.jpg‎|Nobuyuki Abe阿部信行 Image:Nobuyuki Abe after selecting his cabinet members.jpg‎|Nobuyuki Abe阿部信行 Image:Kiichiro Hiranuma and Nobuyuki Abe.jpg‎|Nobuyuki Abe阿部信行 Image:Koizumi arriving at Andrews AFB 28 June 2006.jpg‎|Japanese Air Force One政府専用機 Image:Japanese Airforce One.jpg‎|Japanese Airforce One政府専用機 Image:Aisin-Gioro_Pǔjié_and_Lady_Hiro_Saga_1937_wedding_photo.jpg|Aisin-Gioro Pǔjié and Hiro Saga愛新覚羅溥傑と嵯峨浩 ‎Image:Korechika Anami.jpg‎|Korechika Anami阿南惟幾 Image:Argentina Maru.jpg‎|Argentina-maruあるぜんちな丸 Image:Arthur mcelroy mary cropped.jpg‎|Mary Arthur Mcelroyマリー･アーサー･マクエルロイ Image:Asakusa Rokku.jpg‎|Asakusa Rokku浅草六区 Image:Asama-maru 1931.jpg‎|Asama-maru浅間丸 Image:Hitoshi Ashida.jpg‎|Hitoshi Ashida芦田均 Image:Yoshimitsu Ashikaga cropped.jpg‎|Yoshimitsu Ashikaga足利義満 Image:‎Taro Aso cropped.jpg‎|Tarō Asō麻生太郎 Image:KSC-95EC-0911 cropped.jpg‎|Atlantisアトランティス Image:Atlantis Docked to Mir cropped.jpg‎|Atlantisアトランティス Image:Noriko Awaya.jpg‎|Noriko Awaya淡谷のり子 Image:Bakan Senso Zu.jpg‎|Bakan Sensō Zu『馬関戦争図』 Image:Alice Mabel Bacon.jpg‎|Alice Baconアリス･ベーコン Image:Bismarck80Jahre cropped.jpg‎|Otto von Bismarckオットー･フォン･ビスマルク Image:AlbenBarkley.jpg‎|Alben Barkleyアルバン･バークレー Image:Classic Bus 1945.jpg‎|Oldfashoned busボンネットバス Image:XDCAM-telebasel cropped.jpg‎|Camara crewカメラマン Image:Shuttle-challenger cropped.jpg‎|Challengerチャレンジャー Image:Agatha Christie plaque -Torre Abbey cropped.jpg‎|Agatha Christieアガサ･クリスティー Image:Clam digging in Haneda 1937.jpg|Clam digging in Haneda羽田の潮干狩り Image:Frances Folsom Cleveland 2 cropped.jpg‎|Frances Folsom Clevelandフランシス･フォルサム･クリーブランド Image:Frances Folsom marrying President Cleveland cropped.psd.jpg‎|Frances Folsom Clevelandフランシス･フォルサム･クリーブランド Image:Rose Cleveland cropped.jpg‎|Rose Clevelandローズ･クリーブランド Image:Columbia.sts-1.01 cropped.jpg‎|Columbiaコロンビア Image:Space Shuttle Columbia launching cropped 2.jpg.jpg‎|Columbiaコロンビア Image:951020 STS73 Columbia launch cropped.jpg‎|Columbiaコロンビア Image:Mitsuko Coudenhove 2.jpg‎|Mitsuko Coudenhoveクーデンホーフ光子‎ Image:Mitsuko Coudenhove 1.jpg‎|Mitsuko Coudenhoveクーデンホーフ光子‎ Image:The First Japnese Diet Hall 1890-91.jpg‎|Diet Hall, First Provisional第一回仮議事堂 Image:The Second Japnese Diet Hall 1891-1925.jpg‎|Diet Hall, Second Provisional第二回仮議事堂 Image:Japanese Diet Hall Design by Fukuzo Watanabe.jpg‎|Diet Hall, the Watanabe design渡辺福三議事堂図案 Image:Japanese Diet Hall Raising Ceremony 1927.jpg‎|Diet Hall国会議事堂 Image:Construction of Japanese Diet Hall March 1927.jpg‎|Diet Hall国会議事堂 Image:Japanese Diet Hall Dedication Ceremony.jpg‎|Diet Hall国会議事堂 Image:The First Post-war Diet opening ceremony 23 June 1947.jpg‎|The First Post-war Diet Opening ceremony第一国会開会式 Image:Joe DiMaggio, Marilyn Monroe and Tstsuzo Inumaru.jpg‎|Joe DiMaggio, Marilyn Monroe and Tstsuzō Inumaruジョー･ディマジオ、マリリン･モンロー、犬丸徹三‎ Image:Dinkins commons.jpg‎|David Dinkinsデイビッド･ディンキンズ Image:East Village Second Avenue Commons.jpg‎|East Villageイーストヴィレッジ Image:Ranpo Edogawa.jpg|Rampo Edogawa江戸川乱歩 Image:Arata Endo.jpg|Arata Endō遠藤新 Image:Wright Endo and Hayashi.jpg|Arata Endō, Frank Lloyd Wright and Aisaku Hayashi遠藤新、フランク･ロイド･ライト、林愛作 Image:Troops occupying Nagata-cho 2.jpg‎|February 26 Incident二･二六事件 Image:Sanno Hotel.jpg|‎February 26 Incident二･二六事件 Image:Troops occupying Nagata-cho 1.jpg‎|February 26 Incident二･二六事件 Image:Marshal Law Headquarters.jpg‎|February 26 Incident二･二六事件 Image:Harvey Fierstein and Anthony Rapp.jpg‎|Harvey Fierstein and Anthony Rappハービー･ファイアスタインとアンソニー･ラップ Image:First female study-abroad students.jpg‎|First female study-abroad students最初の女子米国留学生 Image:First Japanese Congresswomen.jpg‎|First Japanese congresswomen初の女性代議士 Image:Four first ladies.jpg‎|Four First Ladiesファーストレディー Image:First-Ladies cropped.jpg‎|First Ladies四人のファーストレディー Image:Hideko Fukuda cropped.jpg|Hideko Fukuda福田英子 Image:Takeo Fukuda 1977 adjusted.jpg‎|Takeo Fukuda福田赳夫 Image:Gakuto shutsujin.jpg‎|Gakuto-shutsujin学徒出陣 Image:JohnNanceGarner2.jpg‎|John Nance Garnerジョン･ナンス･ガーナー Image:Go-around-2 Jap.jpg‎|Go-around着陸復航 Image:Goshichi no kiri wide inverted.jpg‎|Go-shichi no Kiri五七の桐花紋 Image:Goshichi no kiri wide.jpg‎|Go-shichi no Kiri五七の桐花紋 Image:Lady Jane Grey (engraving by van de Passe) commons.jpg‎|Lady Jane Greyレディー･ジェーン･グレイ Image:Gozen-kaigi 1 January 1945.jpg‎|Gozen-kaigi最高戦争指導会議 Image:Gozen-kaigi 14 August 1945.jpg‎|Gozen-kaigi終戦の御前会議 Image:Kunimatsu Hamada and Yukio Ozaki.jpg‎|Kunimatsu Hamada and Yukio Ozaki.jpg濱田國松と尾崎行雄 Image:Osachi Hamaguchi posing cropped.jpg‎|Osachi Hamaguchi濱口雄幸 Image:Haneda Airfield 1937.jpg‎|Haneda Airfield羽田飛行場 Image:Hanzo.jpg‎|Hanzō Hattori服部半蔵 Image:Takashi Hara cropped.jpg‎|Takashi Hara原敬 Image:Takashi Hara formal cropped.jpg‎|Takashi Hara原敬 Image:Takashi Hara Family cropped.jpg‎|Takashi Hara原敬 Image:Takashi Hara posing cropped.jpg‎|Takashi Hara原敬 Image:Sessue Hayakawa.jpg‎|Sessue Hayakawa早川雪洲‎ Image:Mary Harrison McKee.jpg‎|Mary Harrison McKeeマリー･ハリエット･マッキー Image:Hashimoto meets Cohen cropped.jpg‎|Yrūtarō Hashimoto橋本龍太郎 Image:Hatoyama and LDP leaders in Otowa Mansion.jpg‎|Ichirō Hatoyama鳩山一郎 Image:Ichiro Hatoyama with two grandsons.jpg‎|Ichirō Hatoyama鳩山一郎 Image:Aisaku Hayashi.jpg‎|Aisaku Hayashi林愛作 Image:Senjuro Hayashi suit.jpg‎|Senjūro Hayashi林銑十郎 Image:Hayashi and the press 2 Feb 1937.jpg‎|Senjūrō Hayashi林銑十郎 Image:Hayashi family inaugural celebration cropped.jpg|Senjūrō Hayashi林銑十郎 Image:Heian Maru.jpg|Heian Maru平安丸 Image:Hototogisu first edition cover cropped.jpg‎|Hototogisu『不如帰』 Image:HIH Prince Naruhiko of Higashikuni.jpg‎|HIH Prince Naruhiko of Higashikuni東久邇宮稔彦王 Image:Hiranuma cabinet photo op.jpg‎|Hiranuma cabinet平沼内閣 Image:Raicho Hiratsuka.jpg|Raichō Hiratsuka平塚らいてう Image:Saneomi Hirosawa cropped.jpg‎|Saneomi Hirosawa広沢真臣 Image:Genbaku_Dome_1.jpg|Hiroshima Peace Memorial広島県物産陳列館 (原爆ドーム) Image:Genbaku_Dome_2.jpg|Hiroshima Peace Memorial広島県物産陳列館 (原爆ドーム) Image:The Hirota Cabinet.jpg‎|Kōki Hirota広田内閣 Image:Koki Hirota posing cropped 2.jpg‎|Kōki Hirota広田弘毅 Image:Kohki Hirota suit cropped.jpg‎|Kōki Hirota広田弘毅 Image:Mr and Mrs. Koki Hirota.jpg‎|Kōki Hirota広田弘毅 Image:HL-10 in flight over lakebed cropped.jpg‎|HL-10HL-10 Image:Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle Concept.jpg‎|HLLVHLLV Image:Shigeru Honjo.jpg|Shigeru Honjō本庄繁 Image:Lou Henry Hoover.jpg‎|Lou Henry Hooverルー･ヘンリー･フーバー Image:KinkakuSnow2Awp cropped.jpg‎|Hō-ō鳳凰 Image:Sadanji Ichikawa I cropped.jpg|Sadanji Ichikawa I初代市川左團次 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Insomniacpuppy/Image contributions

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MyWhitehaven

Mahmudabad (محمود اباد, also Romanized as Maḩmūdābād) is a village in Yanqaq Rural District, Galikash District, Minudasht County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,221, in 255 families. == References == Populated places in Minudasht County

Mahmudabad, Golestan

== November 2008 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! I hope not to seem unfriendly or make you feel unwelcome, but I noticed your username, and I am concerned that it might not meet Wikipedia's username policy for the following reason: it resembles an IP address. After you look over that policy, could we discuss that concern here? I'd appreciate learning your own views, for instance your reasons for wanting this particular name, and what alternative username you might accept that avoids raising this concern. You have several options freely available to you: If you can relieve my concern through discussing it here, I can stop worrying about it. If the two of us can't agree here, we can ask for help through Wikipedia's dispute resolution process, such as requesting comments from other Wikipedians. Wikipedia administrators usually abide by agreements reached through this process. You can keep your contributions history under a new username. Visit Changing username and follow the guidelines there. Blueboy96 From 6.202.005.439.T: Hi! Thanks for letting me know. My parents didn't want me to put any personal identification on my User Name, so I picked some numbers that have to do with my school number and my class number. That's understandable ... you can pick a username that doesn't contain any personal information ... it's really easy, a lot of users have usernames that don't contain any personal information at all. As it stands now, your current username looks too much like an IP address, and in any event makes it difficult for other users to communicate with you. Blueboy96 == DYK == still needs to be formatted correctly. The name "Jean Touzet du Vigier" needs to be linked and in bold, other relevant article names also need to be linked, and the "hook" needs to begin with an ellipsis (...), not with "Did you know". There are very clear instructions for this. Also, please do not edit the template instructions when you are nominating a DYK, as you did here. There is a clear message at the top of that page saying not to edit it. rʨanaɢ (talk) ==DYK for Jean Touzet du Vigier== — Rlevse • Talk • == DYK nomination for Pierre-Augustin Hulin == Hello, your nomination of Pierre-Augustin Hulin at DYK was reviewed and comments provided. ==DYK nomination of 1689 Boston revolt== Hello! Your submission of 1689 Boston revolt at the Did You Know nominations page has been reviewed, and there still are some issues that may need to be clarified. Please review the comment(s) underneath and respond there as soon as possible. Thank you for contributing to Did You Know! Thelmadatter (talk) ==DYK for 1689 Boston revolt== TheDYKUpdateBot == DYK nomination for 1757 Berlin raid == Hello, your nomination of 1757 Berlin raid at DYK was reviewed and comments provided. See also: Events of 1807-08. ==DYK for French Royal Army (1652–1830)== — Rlevse • Talk • ==DYK for 1757 Berlin raid== — Rlevse • Talk • ==DYK for Stand of the Swiss Guard== — Rlevse • Talk • ==DYK nomination of Medieval invasions of Britain== Hello! Your submission of Medieval invasions of Britain at the Did You Know nominations page has been reviewed, and there still are some issues that may need to be clarified. Please review the comment(s) underneath and respond there as soon as possible. Thank you for contributing to Did You Know! BabelStone (talk) ==DYK for Medieval invasions of Britain== — Rlevse • Talk • == Your submission at Articles for creation == Your article submission has been declined, and Articles for creation/Battle of Mount Tabor was not created. Please view your submission to see the comments left by the reviewer, and please feel free to resubmit once the issues have been addressed. (You can do this by adding the text to the top of the article.) Thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia! Smoozle (talk) ==DYK for Sulla's civil wars== — Rlevse • Talk • ==DYK for Battle of Mount Tabor (biblical)== — Rlevse • Talk • == DYK update == Hello! Your submission of Khedivate of Egypt at the Did You Know nominations page has been reviewed, and there still are some issues that may need to be clarified. Please review the comment(s) underneath and respond there as soon as possible. Thank you for contributing to Did You Know! The Interior(Talk) Just as a comment, you shouldn't nominate something at DYK and then just abandon the nomination, particularly when so many issues have been left outstanding (one reviewer commented "For a long-time Wikipedian with many DYKs to his name the nominator is highly slapdash about references (and wikilinks). You know what I'm talking about - just dropping URLs and calling them references, and linking to a boxing champ instead of a self-proclaimed khedive... I just did some cleaning up, but with both the main hook (my definite #1 choice) and ALT2 lacking any references I can see, and ALT1 citing a Wikipedia mirror of all things, it still has to be a no"). Your enthusiasm is admirable, and it's good that you're working on some of the more out-of-the-way articles, but you won't make yourself popular by leaving so much tidying up for others to do. Making useful contributions to Wikipedia is not just about scoring DYKs. Don't take this the wrong way, it's meant as constructive criticism, but it might be helpful for you to have a go at taking an article to GA or even FA, just to see the final destination, to get an idea of where your articles should be heading - it'll save you a lot of grief in the long run. For instance it's a lot easier to sort out things like referencing as you go along, you really ought to be using the system (see Citation templates) and be a lot more stringent on sources. For pre-WWI history you should be able to ref most of the basic facts via Google Books, in general I'd avoid searching Google in web mode altogether and when you do so, you really need to think hard about the quality of the websites you use (see RELIABLE). Wikipedia mirrors such as Nations Encyclopaedia not only fail that guideline but circular references like that are positively harmful, creating an alternate wikiality. You may also want to check out the links towards the bottom of WIAFA, in particular Tony1/How to satisfy Criterion 1a. Hope this is helpful, keep up the good work. Le Deluge (talk) == November 2010 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Please do not replace pages with blank content, as you did with this edit to Leech Lake, as this is confusing to readers. The page's content has been restored for now. If there is a problem with the page, it should be edited or reverted to a previous version if possible; if you think the page should be removed entirely, see further information. Thank you.   — Jeff G.  ツ :Sorry for deleting it; I want to keep the article intact. DCI2026 (talk) == DYK for Malet coup of 1812 == Hello! Your submission of Malet coup of 1812 at the Did You Know nominations page has been reviewed, and there still are some issues that may need to be clarified. Please review the comment(s) underneath and respond there as soon as possible. Thank you for contributing to Did You Know! Clarityfiend (talk) == Marquis of Barbacena == Could you explain me why did you change the title of the Marquis of Barbacena's article? José Paranhos, Viscount of Rio Branco, Honório Carneiro Leão, Marquis of Paraná, etc... You don't spell "Barão" but "Baron", or "Duque", but "Duke". == Dynasties of Early Brittany == I have posted a question on the reference page about an early Breton dynasty of rulers that may have controlled parts of Cornouaille and Domnonee. Any answers to the question would be greatly appreciated. DCI2026 (talk) == Fall of the Roman Empire == Hello! I think you will find this very useful for your article. It is one of the best recent works on the subject. Cheers, Constantine ✍ Thank you! DCI2026 ==Your recent edits== Hello. In case you didn't know, when you add content to talk pages and Wikipedia pages that have open discussion, you should sign your posts by typing four tildes ( ~~~~ ) at the end of your comment. You could also click on the signature button located above the edit window. This will automatically insert a signature with your username or IP address and the time you posted the comment. This information is useful because other editors will be able to tell who said what, and when. Thank you. == DYK: Final dissolution of the Western Roman Empire == Hello! Your submission of Final dissolution of the Western Roman Empire at the Did You Know nominations page has been reviewed, and there still are some issues that may need to be clarified. Please review the comment(s) underneath and respond there as soon as possible. Thank you for contributing to Did You Know! == Odoacer's deposition of Romulus Augustulus == Hi. I noticed that it's been a few days since you've added to this article. Please let me know if I can help in anyway with refs, since you've made such a great start and I'm currently researching this for exams anyway. Best, The Cardiff Chestnut (talk) If you would like to help with finding extra books, that'd be great - I've been without internet access and will be for a few days. Sorry, and thanks for the help. DCI2026 == Featured Article review == Feel free to help review 1689 Boston revolt for FA-class. DCItalk == The Bugle: Issue LXVII, September 2011 == |} To receive this newsletter on your talk page, join the project or sign up here. If you are a member who does not want delivery, please go to this page. EdwardsBot (talk) == King Siharas == Thank you for your help. My new article is King Siharas, end of campaign Siharas was captured but i am unabale to provide ref.if you can help.Bhavinkundaliya (talk) I'll check for references, but will add the info in anyway. DCItalk

Millelacs/Archive 1

== October 2010 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Invisible Children, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. The reverted edit can be found here. Thank you. Gfoley4 | Need to chat? My track record

76.88.24.232

== Welcome == Welcome! Hello, Kalgeo, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you might find helpful: The five pillars of Wikipedia Tutorial How to edit a page and How to develop articles How to create your first article (using the Article Wizard if you wish) Manual of Style I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your messages on discussion pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically insert your username and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or ask your question on this page and then place before the question. Again, welcome!  CrossTempleJay  talk == Developing your user page - it is easy!!! == Wikipedia is a megalopolis and like in any city, interactions are very important. I recommend that you develop your user page so that people who visit your page may know your interests and share in them. It could be a single line telling others of not only your name but what you like or a complex page with every single thing that interests you on it. This is a great way of building up work groups that facilitate the sharing of expert knowledge on articles, talks etc. Happy building!!!  CrossTempleJay  talk == Become a great editor through diligence.== Being a member of the welcoming committee on Wikipedia I encourage you to help Wikipedia in any way you can to increase human knowledge. If you have credible information about a topic with verifiable references please feel free to add to that topic. If there is no article on that topic, why not start it, with time others will add to it and it may even make the featured articles list. By doing this, I have been able to make over 7000 page edits in both new articles, article improvement etc. Furthermore, I encourage you to aim to be a member of the autoconfirmed users autocomfirmed group as this will greatly improve your Wikipedia experience. You can do this by making at least 10 credible edits on Wikipedia and remaining on Wikipedia for four (4) days. Check out this page for tips. CrossTempleJay  talk == Adding media to articles. == Media files, be it images, drawings or sound files are an integral part of Wikipedia's articles. They apart from enriching articles, make them more credible too. You can add media files to both your new articles as well as once you are editing. To do so you can search for it on commons or you can either upload the image if you have it using this file uploader or . Please be informed that you must provide accurate information about the file being uploaded since they are reviewed and if if is found that the license given to the file is false, it will promptly be deleted.  CrossTempleJay  talk == Spotting bad edits and vandalism. == As you age on Wikipedia, one thing you will come across and probably address will the issue of bad edits or vandalism. There are several ways of spotting them: by reviewing articles on your watchlist regularly and looking for bad edits verifying new changes to pages and articles If you happen to come across a bad edit you may: ask an editor you trust to review the work for his/her inputs you can rollback the change if you have credible information that the edit is indeed bad request that the necessary change be made on the article's talk page. Whatever you do, please be very careful about the changes you make, for a rule of thumb, discuss issues you are not sure of first before making changes. CrossTempleJay  talk

Kalgeo

== April 2009 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to The Game (novella), did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted by ClueBot. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. If you believe there has been a mistake and would like to report a false positive, please report it here and then remove this warning from your talk page. If your edit was not vandalism, please feel free to make your edit again after reporting it. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: The Game (novella) was changed by 86.9.54.75 (u) (t) making a minor change with obscenities on 2009-04-10T23:35:06+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot (talk)

86.9.54.75

The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page. The result was delete. Wizardman Operation Big Bear ===Ant farm episode list=== – (View AfDView log) () Episode list for TV series scheduled for 6 months time. No episode listed and only reference does not mention the series. Recreate when there are some episodes to list - this is just a placeholder. noq (talk) Delete – No real content and misnamed (the list eventually should exist (unless the series is cancelled prematurely) at List of ANT Farm episodes, which is currently a redirect to ANT Farm). Note: This debate has been included in the list of Television-related deletion discussions. Note: This debate has been included in the list of Lists-related deletion discussions. Delete Extremely poor quality, improperly laid out, misnamed article. The references in the article don't even support the article. The article might represent a valid redirect to List of ANT Farm episodes when the series actually airs, but there doesn't seem any point redirecting it while there are no episodes, as it should redirect now to A.N.T. Farm. Delete - Only "source" does not mention the show. No content. Much like the creator's other article, Suite Life on Air, the content is either completely made up or taken from a forum posting somewhere where someone else made it up. - SummerPhD (talk) ''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.

Articles for deletion/Ant farm episode list

The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page. The result was keep. Discussion for a move/rename can take place on the talk page.  — Crisco 1492 (talk) ===Historical urban community sizes=== – (View AfDView log Stats) () A notable topic, if it were possible to actually write such an article. However, it is not actually possible to make estimations like this, except in rare instances. "An article is a summary of accepted knowledge regarding its subject" and there is no accepted knowledge about this subject. Most of the sources are arbitrary estimates and the one major source, cited over 100 times, is actually pseudoscience written by an obvious crank. SYNTH all the way through, similar to the recently deleted page List of Taliban fatality reports in Afghanistan. Shii (tock) Note: This debate has been included in the list of History-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) Note: This debate has been included in the list of Social science-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) Note: This debate has been included in the list of Lists-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) Keep m'encarta (t) Keep. The estimates of Tertius Chandler can certainly be challenged. Removing the article is not the right way about it. Gabriel Kielland (talk) . Updated 08:25 20 June 2012 (UTC). For both of you why? AFD is not a vote. Secret account Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached. Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, The Bushranger One ping only Delete obvious original research that doesn't really intercept with each other except for the timeframe and no clear inclusion criteria or what exactly an "urban community site" means. Secret account Weak Keep. Topic is notable, but article needs some discussion of the sources and possible unreliability of the estimates. Chandler is a notable source even if a crank on some other issues. Not SYNTH as it is just a list of numbers and doesn't advance any position. Possible original research as sources may be unreliable; adding more sources might alleviate this problem. Taliban fatality reports was deleted mainly because it was news, so is not relevant to this discussion. CodeTheorist (talk) "Chandler is a notable source even if a crank on some other issues." Is there any evidence for this? It seems many of his figures are totally wrong, and were fabricated. Also, isn't this article essentially INDISCRIMINATE? Shii (tock) According to Modelski (link): "... the work of Tertius Chandler (1987) that has now become a basic reference for students of the evolution of the world system (see i.a. Wilkinson 1992-3, Chase-Dunn and Willard 1993; Bosworth 1995)." Seems pretty notable to me. Can you provide any sources for the alleged fabrication? The topic seems interesting and worth including in WP; it just needs improving. Adding some discussion at the top explaining the origin of the statistics would help avoid INDISCRIMINATE. I'm changing my recommendation to keep. CodeTheorist (talk) Keep I held off commenting on this in the hope that a better justification for deletion would emerge, but here goes. 1. It is agreed that the topic is notable. 2. The sources are not all from Chandler. 3. Most articles are, and ideally should be, drawn from different sources, and SYNTH does not prohibit that in any way. 4. Books have been written about what constituted a city at different periods, and the title seems a reasonable attempt at arriving at a description appropriate across time and place. As a notable topic in its own right INDISCRIMINATE cannot apply. 5. We cannot delete an article, with great respect to the nominator, on the unsupported grounds that the source of some of the information was a crank or dishonest when he is described elsewhere as a reliable source. This would open WP up to all sorts of academic tit for tat behaviour. If there are reliable sources offering different figures in particular cases, or questioning whether a place was indeed urbanised at the relevant period, they can be incorporated in the article. Keep (probably renamed) I have added some more sources which hopefully demonstrate that Chandler was simply fabricating his figures and should be removed from the page entirely. Shii (tock) ''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.

Articles for deletion/Historical urban community sizes

== October 2010 == Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit that you made to the page Jeans has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Please use the sandbox for testing any edits; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing for further information. Thank you. Wayne Olajuwon chat

67.20.201.89

__NOTOC__ {| cellspacing=3 width="100%" |bgcolor="#fffff6" colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid black;padding-left:1em;"| Wikipedia always has a lot going on. This page is for news and updates about existing or new projects or initiatives of Wikipedians (i.e. new Collaboration articles, WikiProject help requests or announcements of success, backlogs that really need help, etc.) |- |bgcolor="#fffff6" colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid black;padding-left:1em;"| Goings-on in the week starting Sunday, May 20, 2007 |- valign="top" |width=50% bgcolor="#fffff6" style="border: 1px solid black;padding-left:1em;"| |width=50% bgcolor="#fffff6" style="border: 1px solid black;padding-left:1em;"| ==New featured content== Articles that gained "featured" status Paulo (Lost) (May 22) Eris (dwarf planet) (May 22) Making Waves (May 22) B-52 aircraft crash at Fairchild Air Force Base (May 22) Islam (May 22) Bill O'Reilly (cricketer) (May 22) Harriet Arbuthnot (May 22) Building of the World Trade Center (May 22) Kid A (May 22) Null (SQL) (May 22) Jay Chou (May 22) Verbascum thapsus (May 22) Robert Garran (May 22) 3rd Battalion 3rd Marines (May 22) Morrowind (May 25) Surface weather analysis (May 25) William Goebel (May 25) Alfred Russel Wallace (May 25) Dominik Hašek (May 25) Oracle of Seasons and Oracle of Ages (May 25) Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion (May 25) Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (May 25) Common Raven (May 25) Lists that gained "featured" status Frölunda HC seasons (May 20) List of Colorado Avalanche players (May 23) List of tallest buildings and structures in London (May 25) 2007 NFL Draft (May 25) Pictures that gained "featured" status Male lion and cub eating a Cape buffalo (May 23) Whirlpool Galaxy and NGC 5195 (May 23) The core of the Milky Way galaxy (May 23) Hyperion (moon) (May 23) Flower chafers mating (May 23) An F6F Hellcat burning after a crash landing on USS Enterprise (CV6) (May 23) Chief police officer of the Hamburg police department (May 23) Kimi Räikkönen driving for Scuderia Ferrari at the 2007 Australian Grand Prix (May 23) Portals that gained "featured" status Fish (May 22) Topics that gained "featured" status |- |bgcolor="#fffff6" colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid black; padding-left:1em;"| ==See also== |- |bgcolor="#fffff6" colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid black; padding-left:1em; font-size: smaller;"| ==Archives==

Goings-on/May 20, 2007

Welcome! Hello, Tribal Tribal, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Unfortunately, one or more of the pages you created, such as Tribal Tribal, may not conform to some of Wikipedia's guidelines, and may soon be deleted. There's a page about creating articles you may want to read called Your first article. If you are stuck, and looking for help, please come to the New contributors' help page, where experienced Wikipedians can answer any queries you have! Or, you can just type on this page, and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Here are a few other good links for newcomers: Starting an article Your first article Biographies of living persons How to write a great article The five pillars of Wikipedia Help pages Tutorial I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Questions or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! reddogsix (talk) ==Speedy deletion nomination of Tribal Tribal== A tag has been placed on Tribal Tribal requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a person, organization (band, club, company, etc.) or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable. If you think that this notice was placed here in error, contest the deletion by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". Doing so will take you to the talk page where you will find a pre-formatted place for you to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, you can contact one of these administrators to request that the administrator userfy the page or email a copy to you. reddogsix (talk)

Tribal Tribal

== April 2009 == Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to the page Matt Damon has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. JCutter (talk) Please do not add unreferenced or poorly referenced information, especially if controversial, to articles or any other page on Wikipedia about living persons. Oliver Fury, Esq. messagecontributions

XskateKYLEskateX

Municipalities of Belgrade Neighborhoods of Belgrade Populated places in Syrmia Wikipedia categories named after populated places in Serbia

Zemun

__NOTOC__ Year 173 (CLXXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severus and Pompeianus (or, less frequently, year 926 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 173 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. == Events == === By place === ==== Roman Empire ==== Gnaeus Claudius Severus and Tiberius Claudius Pompeianus become Roman Consuls. Given control of the Eastern Empire, Avidius Cassius, the governor of Syria, crushes an insurrection of shepherds known as the boukoloi. == Births == Maximinus Thrax, Roman emperor (d. 238) Mi Heng (d. 200) Sun Ben, nephew of Sun Jian (d. 209) Yuan Tan, eldest son of Yuan Shao (d. 205) == Deaths == == References ==

173

See also Deputy Lieutenants of Dunbartonshire Dunbartonshire Dunbartonshire

Lord-Lieutenants of Dunbartonshire

Welcome to Wikipedia. Please be aware of Wikipedia's policy that biographical information about living persons must not include unsupported or inaccurate statements. Whenever you add possibly controversial statements about a living person to an article or any other Wikipedia page, you must include proper sources. If you don't know how to cite a source, you may want to read Referencing for beginners for guidelines. Thank you. Materialscientist (talk)

190.100.245.71

== May 2011 == This is your only warning; if you vandalize Wikipedia again, as you did at Heather Mallick, you may be blocked from editing without further notice. Paul Erik (talk)(contribs)

70.73.77.71

== October 2010 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Chris Simms, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. The reverted edit can be found here. Thank you. Gfoley4 | Need to chat? My track record

67.176.181.71

Trécourt may refer to: Claudine Trécourt (b. 1962), French ski mountaineer and mountain climber Giacomo Trecourt, (1812–1882), Italian painter Sylvie Trécourt (b. 1962), French ski mountaineer

Trécourt

cover art for Terry Gibbs album Reza. Photograph of LP Record jacket from album in my collection.

TerryGibbsReza.jpg

== September 2007 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Craig Reucassel, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Thank you. Recurring dreams If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings.

123.136.40.101

Mirza Panak (ميرزاپانك, also Romanized as Mīrzā Pānak, Mīrzā Pāng, and Mīrzā Pānag) is a village in Yanqaq Rural District, Galikash District, Minudasht County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,881, in 435 families. == References == Populated places in Minudasht County

Mirza Panak

==Your article has been moved to AfC space== Hi! I would like to inform you that the Articles for Creation submission which was previously located here: Steveveldman/Kincheloe Elementary School has been moved to Articles for creation/Kincheloe Elementary School, this move was made automatically and doesn't affect your article, if you have any questions please ask on my talk page! Have a nice day. ArticlesForCreationBot (talk) == Your submission at Articles for creation == You recently made a submission to Articles for Creation. Your article has been reviewed and because some issues were found, it could not be accepted in its current form it is now located at Articles for creation/Kincheloe Elementary School. Please view your submission to see the comments left by the reviewer. Feel free to edit the submission to address the issues raised, and resubmit once you feel they have been resolved. (You can do this by adding the text to the top of the article.) Thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia! Alpha_Quadrant (talk) ==Articles for creation/Kincheloe Elementary School concern== Hi there, I'm HasteurBot. I just wanted to let you know that Articles for creation/Kincheloe Elementary School, a page you created has not been edited in at least 180 days. The Articles for Creation space is not an indefinite storage location for content that is not appropriate for articlespace. If your submission is not edited soon, it could be nominated for deletion. If you would like to attempt to save it, you will need to improve it. You may request Userfication of the content if it meets requirements. If the deletion has already occured, instructions on how you may be able to retrieve it are available at REFUND/G13. Thank you for your attention. HasteurBot (talk) ==Your article submission Kincheloe Elementary School== Hello Steveveldman. It has been over six months since you last edited your article submission, entitled Kincheloe Elementary School. The page will shortly be deleted. If you plan on editing the page to address the issues raised when it was declined and resubmit it, simply and remove the or code. Please note, however, that Articles for Creation is not for the indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace. If your submission has already been deleted by the time you get there, and you want to retrieve it, copy this code: , paste it in the edit box at this link, click "Save", and an administrator will in most cases undelete the submission. Thanks for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing. HasteurBot (talk)

Steveveldman

== Copyright problem removed == This article was based on the corresponding article in Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1, which is not compatibly licensed for Wikipedia. This article has been revised on this date as part of a large-scale project to remove infringement from these sources. Earlier text must not be restored, unless it can be verified to be free of infringement. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. (For background on this situation, please see the related administrator's noticeboard discussion and the cleanup task force subpage.) Thank you. --Invertzoo (talk)

Homalopoma

Mirza Panak

Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine

== June 2012 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Piranha, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been considered as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again. If you need help, please see our help pages, and if you can't find what you are looking for there, please feel free to place "" on your talk page and someone will drop by to help. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Piranha was changed by 97.83.172.19 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.965775 on 2012-06-13T04:14:16+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Piranha. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Logical Cowboy (talk) If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices. Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did to Piranha with this edit, you may be blocked from editing. Jim1138 (talk)

97.83.172.19

Bosnia and Herzegovina culture

Ham *

Ham

Bosnia and Herzegovina in World War II

Hey. You seem to be a good faith editor who makes valuable contributions to Wikipedia. So why did you delete an entire well-sourced paragraph from Georgia Guidestones? If the passage did not belong under "Reception", as you reasoned in your edit summary, you should've created a new section and moved it there. Note that I have done so. I have nothing to do with the article and didn't know this monument existed, but it's obviously been the focus of many conspiracy theories. Thanks, hope you continue to contribute. ʝunglejill Thanks, junglejill. I removed it because I don't think ephemeral conspiracy drivel belongs on Wikipedia. One must take heed that even if something is well-sited, it should still be removed if it's inappropriate or "wrong." In spite of my feelings, I appreciate that you you revived it and created a new and apropos section for it. Well done! 68.205.163.194 (talk) 10:15pm, 15 June 2012 (UTC)

68.205.163.194

Scott Mann is a British film director. Before making feature films Mann directed several award winning short films, including Chaingangs (2003) and Tug Of War which starred Julie Goodyear, Marsha Thomason, Scott Neal and Jo Guest. Mann has also directed several programmes for Granada Television. His first feature film, The Tournament, an action movie released on October 20, 2009, produced by Keith Bell and written by Gary Young, Jonathan Frank, and Nick Rowntree stars Robert Carlyle, Ving Rhames, Kelly Hu, Ian Somerhalder and Scott Adkins. ==External links== www.killerfilm.com Interview: Scott Mann on The Tournament British film directors Living people

Scott Mann (director)

== October 2010 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Pharrell Williams, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. The reverted edit can be found here. Thank you. Gfoley4 | Need to chat? My track record

68.226.23.144

DVD Shrink is a freeware DVD transcoder program for Microsoft Windows that uses a DVD ripper to back up DVD movies. The final versions are 3.2.0.15 (English) and 3.2.0.16 (German); all other versions, such as DVD Shrink 2010, are scams. DVD Shrink's purpose is, as its name implies, to reduce the amount of data stored on a DVD with minimal loss of quality, although some loss of quality is inevitable. It creates a copy of a DVD, during which the coding only allowing the DVD to be played in certain geographical areas is removed, and copy protection may also be circumvented. A stamped DVD may require more space than is available on a writeable DVD, unless shrunk. Many commercially released video DVDs are dual layer (8.5 GB); DVD Shrink can make a shrunk copy which will fit on a single-layer (4.7 GB) writeable DVD, processing the video with some loss of quality and allowing the user to discard unwanted content such as foreign-language soundtracks. ==Features== DVD Shrink is designed to be easy to use. It is contained within a single executable file that is one megabyte in size. The program features a DeCSS decryption algorithm and a VBR encoder. The user is able to choose how the compression is to be distributed across the DVD. DVD Shrink can automatically re-compress video, to as little as 39% of its original size, depending on the aspect ratio of the original DVD (with a corresponding loss in quality) to allow it to fit on a standard DVD±R(W), a Dual-Layer DVD+R, or any user-defined custom size. When "Deep Analysis" and "Adaptive Error Compensation" options are selected, the quality of the resulting DVD is improved. These options are more time-consuming because DVD Shrink runs through the DVD once doing the analysis, and then again doing the transcoding. The transcoder in DVD Shrink was unusual at the time of its release in that it employs compressed domain video processing technology to avoid a full decode and re-encode of the video stream. This boosts performance significantly as only part of the video stream is decoded and scraped. DVD Shrink operates in two main modes, "Reauthor" and "Full Disk". In "Reauthor" mode, the interface allows the user to choose specifically which DVD elements (Main Title, audio tracks and subtitles, and Special Features) to retain on the "shrunken" DVD; Menus are not selectable. The compression is automatic if the Main Title only is selected, to fit it onto the selected size of DVD. If Special Features are also selected, their compression may be manually selected at the minimum possible using the Custom Ratio option, to give disk space to the Main Title. In "Full Disk" mode, DVD Shrink allows the user to make a functionally identical backup copy without changes; alternatively random audio/subtitle streams can be deselected. Sections of the DVD, such as unwanted messages or logos/titles, can be replaced with still images, saving disk space for the Main Title. The compression can be automatic or manual, which allows selection of greatest compression for Menus or Special Features, saving disc space for the Main Title. In either mode, the program has options to facilitate the stripping of the CSS copy protection, User operation prohibition (prohibiting skipping over previews or "FBI Warnings" and so on), and also allows the copy to be either made region-free (the default setting) or set for any region code. Extra software (such as AnyDVD, AVS Video Converter, or DVD Decrypter) may be required to remove more recent forms of copy protection such as Macrovision Ripguard. DVD Shrink can also shrink hard disk files already ripped by programs that can overcome more recent copy protection systems, but that do not offer the 2-layer to 1-layer compression. Once the DVD content has been reduced in data size, the resulting output is an ISO file or a DVD VIDEO TS folder. The program cannot burn these images itself, as it does not contain a built-in burning engine. It can however automatically pass the burning job to either Nero (version 7 or lower), DVD Decrypter or CopyToDVD as long as these programs are installed. This process appears transparent to the end user. To burn with ImgBurn it's possible to either copy over imgburn.exe to the DVD Decrypter folder and rename it to dvddecrypter.exe (both engines use the same commands as they are coded by the same programmer) or use the hacked DVD Shrink with ImgBurn version. Alternatively, the resulting ISO file may be burned with any software capable of writing ISO files. Although DVD Shrink gives the user free rein over compression settings for individual tracks on the DVD, removing content altogether is not allowed as there is a risk of upsetting the DVD's menu software. Audio tracks and subtitles can, however, be removed. DVD Shrink also gives the alternative option of transferring selected sections as a series of stills, which acts as a high-compression "placeholder" for the original. Recent events (increase in processor speed, lower cost terabyte disk storage, RAID drive functionality, etc.) have made it easier to store the ISO files directly to hard drive, in effect creating large-scale DVD media servers. Playback of these ISO files can be done directly on a network connected computer running a virtual DVD ROM emulator (like Daemon Tools Lite), or even through open source media systems (like XBMC). DVD Shrink has other, less controversial uses. In particular, the 8-cm discs produced by the new DVD-based video camcorders are not fully compatible with all computers and DVD players; "ripping" them with DVD Shrink (or a similar program) and re-recording them to standard-sized DVDs is a quick and very effective solution to this problem. It also allows the recorded footage to be used with drives that do not support 8-cm discs, such as slot-loading drives (often used in Apple Macintosh computers). Due to new copy protections that have come along since the final edition of DVD Shrink backups may need the help of one or more other programs such as DVD Decrypter, DVDFab or DVD43. ==Legal status== On August 17, 2005 the official DVD Shrink website was updated to say that the site "is no more!", prompting many sites to mirror the latest DVD Shrink version and offer it for download. This was a result of DVD Shrink's web host receiving a Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) takedown notice, as compromising limits on the accessibility of a copyrighted work is prohibited in many cases under the laws of the United States, specifically the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. Shortly after, the website was restored, and a search box was put in place of the download link. DVD Shrink is no longer available from the official web page, but it is available from many other sites on the Internet and it suggests finding a download source using a general web search, "DVD Shrink". In some countries, the software in itself is illegal under applicable laws pertaining to copyrighted content. German law, for instance, while allowing the manufacture of copies of copyrighted digital material for personal, non-commercial use, dictates that it is illegal to circumvent mechanisms that prevent copying. Therefore, the use of any software enabling a user to work around copyright restrictions such as CSS is against the law in Germany. ==Compatibility with Windows Vista and 7== The Vista family of Microsoft Windows (Windows Vista, Windows 7) may have issues running DVDShrink. Users who experience difficulty may be able to run the application under compatibility mode for Windows XP to prevent the application from hanging, or may have to disable Data Execution Prevention for this application. ==See also== For an open source alternative for free operating systems such as GNU/Linux and BSD, see K9Copy. Several others are mentioned in the article on DVD rippers. ==References== ==External links== DVD Shrink homepage. (Note: This site appears to have a corrupted version of DVD Shrink, which may contain Malware.) DVD rippers Discontinued software Windows-only freeware

DVD Shrink

== June 2012 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Birdy (musician), did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been considered as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again. If you need help, please see our help pages, and if you can't find what you are looking for there, please feel free to place "" on your talk page and someone will drop by to help. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Birdy (musician) was changed by 96.8.187.169 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.939544 on 2012-06-13T04:15:05+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)

96.8.187.169

Ardeth Lake

== May 2011 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Human skin color, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Human skin color was changed by 81.153.26.181 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.960561 on 2011-05-05T18:15:06+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)

81.153.26.181

Faure Island is a 58 km2 island pastoral lease and nature reserve, east of the Francois Peron National Park on the Peron Peninsula, in Shark Bay, Western Australia. It lies in line with the Monkey Mia resort to the west, and the Wooramel River on the eastern shore of Shark Bay. It is surrounded by the Shark Bay Marine Park and Shark Bay World Heritage Site and, as the Faure Island Sanctuary, is owned and managed by the Australian Wildlife Conservancy (AWC). ==History== The island was given its European name by French explorer Nicolas Baudin in 1801, in honour of the geographer, Pierre Faure, aboard his ship Le Naturaliste. Pastoral leases over the island were granted to Charles Broadhurst in 1873, and to WD Moore & Coy in 1883. For most of the 20th Century, from 1905, the Hoult family of Denham ran sheep and goats on the island. In 1999 the Hoults sold the lease to the AWC, which removed more than 3400 sheep. ==Landscape and climate== The landscape consists mostly of red and white sandy plains and dunes, with claypans in low-lying areas. The highest point is 26m above sea level. It has some limestone and red sand cliff shores, like Peron Peninsula. The vegetation is predominantly low shrubs of Acacia ramulosa. There are also mallee shrublands, spinifex grasslands, samphire/Atriplex shrublands, and coastal mangroves. The climate is semi-arid to arid, with hot dry summers and mild winters. Rainfall is erratic, falling mainly in winter, with an annual average of 222 mm. Cyclones may sometimes bring rainfall in summer and autumn. ==Wildlife== ===Birds=== Faure Island is an important breeding area for many seabirds, as well as being important for migratory waders using the East Asian - Australasian Flyway. With the neighbouring much smaller (5 ha) Pelican Island and their associated mudflats, it has been identified as a 5821 ha Important Bird Area (IBA). The Faure and Pelican Islands (Shark Bay) IBA supports breeding colonies of Fairy Terns and over 1% of the world populations of Red-necked Stint and Pied Oystercatcher. Together with the nearby Quoin Bluff and Freycinet Island IBA, it supports more than 1% of the world population of Pied Cormorants. ===Mammals=== The original native mammal fauna of Faure Island did not survive the introduction of livestock and the presence of feral cats. However, sub-fossil evidence of the former presence of native mammals has brought reintroduction of the Boodie, Shark Bay Mouse, Banded Hare-wallaby and Western Barred Bandicoot and Greater Stick-nest Rat. ==Marine surrounds== The island is located within the Shark Bay Marine Park and is adjacent to both the Wooramel Seagrass Bank and the Faure Sill sandbank that is a major component in the creating of the conditions within the Hamelin Pool Marine Nature Reserve. ==See also== List of islands of Western Australia ==References== ==External links== AWC Coastline of Western Australia Nature reserves in Western Australia Australian Wildlife Conservancy reserves Important Bird Areas of Western Australia 1999 establishments in Australia Islands of Shark Bay

Faure Island

Arrowhead Lake (Idaho)

== October 2010 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to San Pasqual High School, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. The reverted edit can be found here. Thank you. Gfoley4 | Need to chat? My track record

68.111.170.98

Azure Lake (Idaho)

== June 2012 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Egyptian Tank Man, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been considered as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again. If you need help, please see our help pages, and if you can't find what you are looking for there, please feel free to place "" on your talk page and someone will drop by to help. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Egyptian Tank Man was changed by 96.24.73.74 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.955229 on 2012-06-13T04:15:07+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) == Welcome/Edit filter == I was going to fix that for you, but I see you figured it out. — Pseudonymous Rex (talk) ==Welcome!== Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia! You don't have to log in to read or edit articles on Wikipedia, but if you wish to acquire additional privileges, you can simply create an account. It's free, requires no personal information, and lets you: Create new pages, and customize the appearance and behavior of the website Rename pages Edit semi-protected pages Upload images Have your own watchlist, which shows when articles you are interested in have changed Utilize a vast array of editing tools In addition, your IP address will no longer be visible to other users. We hope that you choose to become a Wikipedian and . If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or ask your question and then place before the question on this page. We also have an intuitive guide on editing if you're interested. By the way, please make sure to sign and date your talk page comments with four tildes (~~~~). Happy editing! — Preceding signed comment added by Cymru.lass (talk • contribs)

96.24.73.74

Blue Jay Lake

James Athol Wood

Counties of Scotland Wikipedia categories named after counties of Scotland

Dunbartonshire

Frans van der Mijn (1719, Dusseldorp – 1783, London), was an 18th-century painter from the Northern Netherlands. ==Biography== According to the RKD he was the son of Herman van der Mijn and was born when his father moved to Düsseldorf to work for Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine. He influenced the painter James Latham. He worked in Amsterdam during the years 1742-1748 and worked in the Hague before returning to England where he worked on portraits and sent a painting in to the London Society of Artists each year during 1761-1772. Johan van Gool wrote about him, his father, his brothers Robert, George, Andreas and Gerard, and his sister Cornelia who were all good painters. ==References== Frans van der Mijn on Artnet 1719 births 1783 deaths 18th-century painters from the Northern Netherlands People from Düsseldorf

Frans van der Mijn

In object-oriented programming, "Immutable Interface" is a pattern for designing an immutable object. The immutable interface pattern involves defining a type which does not provide any methods which mutate state. Objects which are referenced by that type are not seen to have any mutable state, and appear immutable. == Example == === Java === Consider a Java class which represents a 2 dimensional point. public class Point2D { private int x; private int y; public Point2D(int x, int y) { this.x = x; this.y = y; } public int getX() { return this.x; } public int getY() { return this.y; } public void setX(int newX) { this.x = newX; } public void setY(int newY) { this.y = newY; } } The class Point2D is mutable: its state can be changed after construction, by invoking either of the setter methods (setX() or setY()). An immutable interface for Point2D could be defined as: public interface ImmutablePoint2D { public int getX(); public int getY(); } By making Point2D implement ImmutablePoint2D, client code could now reference a type which does not have mutating methods, and thus appears immutable. This is demonstrated in the following example: ImmutablePoint2D point = new Point2D(0,0); // a concrete instance of Point2D is referenced by the immutable interface int x = point.getX(); // valid method call point.setX(42); // compile error: the method setX() does not exist on type ImmutablePoint2D By referencing only the immutable interface, it is not valid to call a method which mutates the state of the concrete object. ==Advantages== Clearly communicates the immutable intent of the type. Unlike types implementing the Immutable Wrapper pattern, does not need to 'cancel out' mutating methods by issuing a "No Operation" instruction, or throwing a runtime exception when a mutating method is invoked. ==Disadvantages== It is possible for instances referenced by the immutable interface type to be cast to their concrete, mutable type, and have their state mutated. For example: public void mutate(ImmutablePoint2D point) { ((Point2D)point).setX(42); // this call is legal, since the type has // been converted to the mutable Point2D class } Concrete classes have to explicitly declare they implement the immutable interface. This may not be possible if the concrete class "belongs to" third-party code, for instance, if it is contained within a library. == Alternatives == An alternative the immutable interface pattern is the Immutable Wrapper pattern. == References == Object-oriented programming

Immutable interface

==Your article has been moved to AfC space== Hi! I would like to inform you that the Articles for Creation submission which was previously located here: DC ROCKS BLOG/Mark Noone has been moved to Articles for creation/Mark Noone, this move was made automatically and doesn't affect your article. Your draft is waiting for a review by an experienced editor, if you have any questions please ask on our Help Desk! Have a nice day. ArticlesForCreationBot (talk) == Your submission at Articles for creation == Thank you for your recent submission to Articles for Creation. Your article submission has been reviewed. Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. Please view your submission to see the comments left by the reviewer. You are welcome to edit the submission to address the issues raised, and resubmit once you feel they have been resolved. If you would like to continue working on the submission, you can find it at Articles for creation/Mark Noone. To edit the submission, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window. If you need any assistance, you can ask for help at the help desk, via real time chat with helpers, or on the Thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia! elektrikSHOOS (talk) ==Articles for creation/Mark Noone concern== Hi there, I'm HasteurBot. I just wanted to let you know that Articles for creation/Mark Noone, a page you created has not been edited in at least 180 days. The Articles for Creation space is not an indefinite storage location for content that is not appropriate for articlespace. If your submission is not edited soon, it could be nominated for deletion. If you would like to attempt to save it, you will need to improve it. You may request Userfication of the content if it meets requirements. If the deletion has already occured, instructions on how you may be able to retrieve it are available at REFUND/G13. Thank you for your attention. HasteurBot (talk) ==Your article submission Mark Noone== Hello DC ROCKS BLOG. It has been over six months since you last edited your article submission, entitled Mark Noone. The page will shortly be deleted. If you plan on editing the page to address the issues raised when it was declined and resubmit it, simply and remove the or code. Please note that Articles for Creation is not for indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace. If your submission has already been deleted by the time you get there, and you want to retrieve it, copy this code: , paste it in the edit box at this link, click "Save", and an administrator will in most cases undelete the submission. Thanks for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing. HasteurBot (talk)

DC ROCKS BLOG

Pope Clement IV (Clemens IV; 23 November 1190/1200 – 29 November 1268), born Gui Foucois called in later life le Gros (Guy Foulques the Fat; Guido Fulcodi il Grosso), was the head of the Catholic Church from 5 February 1265 to his death in 1268. He was elected in an election held at Perugia that lasted four months while cardinals argued over whether to call in Charles of Anjou, the youngest brother of King Louis IX of France to carry on the papal war against the imperial house of Hohenstaufen. ==Biography== Guy was born in Saint-Gilles-du-Gard in the Languedoc region of France. After reaching adulthood, he was an unlikely candidate for holy orders: widowed and the father of two young women before taking orders, he was successively a soldier and a lawyer, and in the latter capacity had acted as secretary to King Louis IX, to whose influence he was chiefly indebted for his elevation to the cardinalate. Upon the death of his wife, he followed his father's example and gave up secular life for the Church. His rise was rapid: in 1257, he was appointed Bishop of Le Puy; in 1259, he was appointed Archbishop of Narbonne; and in December 1261, he became the first cardinal created by Pope Urban IV, for the See of Sabina. He was the papal legate in England between 1262 and 1264. He was named grand penitentiary in 1263. In this period, the Holy See was engaged in a conflict with Manfred of Sicily, the illegitimate son and designated heir of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, but whom papal loyalists, the Guelfs, called "the usurper of Naples". Clement IV, who was in France at the time of his election, was compelled to enter Italy in disguise. He immediately took steps to ally himself with Charles of Anjou, his erstwhile patron's brother, the impecunious French claimant to the Neapolitan throne. Charles was willing to recognize the Pope as his feudal overlord (a bone of contention with the Hohenstaufens) and was crowned by cardinals in Rome, where Clement IV, permanently established at Viterbo, dared not venture, since the anti-papal Ghibelline party was so firmly in control there. Then, fortified with papal money and supplies, Charles marched into Naples. Having defeated and slain Manfred in the great Battle of Benevento, Charles established himself firmly in the kingdom of Sicily at the conclusive Battle of Tagliacozzo, in which Conradin, the last of the house of Hohenstaufen, was taken prisoner. Clement IV is said to have disapproved of the cruelties committed by his protégé, but there seems no foundation for the statement by Gregorovius that Clement IV became an accomplice by refusing to intercede for the unfortunate Conradin whom Charles had beheaded in the marketplace of Naples. Within months Clement IV was dead as well, and was buried at the Dominican convent, Santa Maria in Gradi, just outside Viterbo, where he resided throughout his pontificate. In 1885, his remains were transferred to the church, San Francesco alla Rocca, in Viterbo. Owing to irreconcilable divisions among the cardinals, the papal throne remained vacant for nearly three years. Clement IV's private character was praised by contemporaries for his asceticism, and he is especially commended for his indisposition to promote and enrich his own relatives. He also ordered the Franciscan scholar Roger Bacon to write the Opus maius, which is addressed to him. In 1264, Clement IV renewed the prohibition of the Talmud promulgated by Gregory IX, who had it publicly burnt in France and in Italy. Clement, though he did not assign to the stake those who harboured copies of it, and, responding to a denunciation of the Talmud by Pablo Christiani, assigned a Talmud censorship committee and ordered that the Jews of Aragon submit their books to Dominican censors for expurgation. In February 1265 Clement summoned Thomas Aquinas to Rome to serve as papal theologian. It was during this period that Aquinas also served as regent master for the Dominicans at Rome. With the arrival of Aquinas the existing studium conventuale at Santa Sabina, which had been founded in 1222, was transformed into the Order's first studium provinciale featuring the study of philosophy (studia philosophiae) as prescribed by Aquinas and others at the chapter of Valenciennes in 1259, an intermediate school between the studium conventuale and the studium generale. This studium was the forerunner of the 16th century College of Saint Thomas at Santa Maria sopra Minerva and the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum. In 1267–68 Clement engaged in correspondence with the Mongol Ilkhanate rule Abaqa. The latter proposed a Franco-Mongol alliance between his forces, those of the West, and the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaeologos (Abaqa's father-in-law). Pope Clement welcomed Abaqa's proposal in a non-committal manner, but did inform him of an upcoming Crusade. In 1267, Pope Clement IV and King James I of Aragon sent an ambassador to the Mongol ruler Abaqa in the person of Jayme Alaric de Perpignan. In his 1267 letter written from Viterbo, the Pope wrote: Although Clement's successors continued to engage in diplomatic contacts with the Mongols for the rest of the century, they were never able to coordinate an actual alliance. ==Notes== ==References== ==External links== "Le pape, le roy et l'alchimiste : Clémént IV – saint Louis – Roger Bacon" by Laurent Ryder 1195 births 1268 deaths People from Saint-Gilles, Gard Popes French popes Diplomats of the Holy See Cardinal-bishops of Sabina Bishops of Le Puy-en-Velay Archbishops of Narbonne 13th-century Roman Catholic archbishops 13th-century French people Major Penitentiaries of the Apostolic Penitentiary Viterbo Papacy Year of birth unknown

Pope Clement IV

War Crimes Issues

United States Ambassadors-at-Large for War Crimes Issues

Esri grid

Browns Lake (Idaho)

== November 2011 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Xcaret, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Xcaret was changed by 201.244.28.73 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.956321 on 2011-11-20T01:43:49+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)

201.244.28.73

Welcome! Hello, Mogly456, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Unfortunately, one or more of the pages you created, such as Weston Turville Wells for Tanzania, may not conform to some of Wikipedia's guidelines, and may soon be deleted. There's a page about creating articles you may want to read called Your first article. If you are stuck, and looking for help, please come to the New contributors' help page, where experienced Wikipedians can answer any queries you have! Or, you can just type on this page, and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Here are a few other good links for newcomers: Starting an article Your first article Biographies of living persons How to write a great article The five pillars of Wikipedia Help pages Tutorial I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Questions or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! OlYellerTalktome ==Speedy deletion nomination of Weston Turville Wells for Tanzania== A tag has been placed on Weston Turville Wells for Tanzania requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G12 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be a clear copyright infringement. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material, and as a consequence, your addition will most likely be deleted. You may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences. This part is crucial: say it in your own words. If the external website belongs to you, and you want to allow Wikipedia to use the text — which means allowing other people to modify it — then you must verify that externally by one of the processes explained at Donating copyrighted materials. If you are not the owner of the external website but have permission from that owner, see Requesting copyright permission. You might want to look at Wikipedia's policies and guidelines for more details, or ask a question here. If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag - if no such tag exists then the page is no longer a speedy delete candidate and adding a hangon tag is unnecessary), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. OlYellerTalktome ==Speedy deletion nomination of Weston Turville Wells for Tanzania== A tag has been placed on Weston Turville Wells for Tanzania, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia for multiple reasons. Please see the page to see the reasons. If the page has since been deleted, you can ask me the reasons by leaving a message on my user talk page. If you think that this notice was placed here in error, contest the deletion by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". Doing so will take you to the talk page where you will find a pre-formatted place for you to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, you can contact one of these administrators to request that the administrator userfy the page or email a copy to you. OlYellerTalktome == August 2011 == Welcome to Wikipedia. It might not have been your intention, but you removed a speedy deletion tag from Weston Turville Wells for Tanzania, a page you have created yourself. If you do not believe the page should be deleted, then you may contest the deletion by clicking on the button that says: Click here to contest this speedy deletion and appears inside the speedy deletion notice. This will allow you to make your case on the page's talk page. Administrators will look at your reasoning before deciding what to do with the page. Thank you. OlYellerTalktome ==Speedy deletion nomination of Weston Turville Wells for Tanzania== A tag has been placed on Weston Turville Wells for Tanzania, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia for multiple reasons. Please see the page to see the reasons. If the page has since been deleted, you can ask me the reasons by leaving a message on my user talk page. If you think that this notice was placed here in error, contest the deletion by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". Doing so will take you to the talk page where you will find a pre-formatted place for you to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, you can contact one of these administrators to request that the administrator userfy the page or email a copy to you. OlYeller'''Talktome

Mogly456

__NOTOC__ Year 172 (CLXXII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Scipio and Maximus (or, less frequently, year 925 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 172 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. == Events == === By place === ==== Roman Empire ==== Emperor Marcus Aurelius crosses the Danube with an expeditionary force, he subdue the Marcomanni and their allies. In a pact signed with the Germanic tribes, he imports them into occupy areas of the Roman Empire that had been depopulated by the plague. The Sarmatians attack the lower Danube frontier. Miracle in Moravia: As the Roman army is encircled by the Quadi under intense heat, a violent thunderstorm sweeps away the Quadi in a torrent of water and mud, and refreshes the parched legionaries. Avidius Cassius, governor of Syria, suppresses an agrarian revolt in Egypte and is made supreme commander of the Roman army in the East. ==== Asia ==== Last (5th) year of Jianning era and start of Xiping era of the Chinese Han Dynasty. === By topic === ==== Religion ==== Tatian produces his Diatessaron, a harmony of the four gospels. Montanism spreads through the Roman Empire. == Births == Ke Bineng, Xianbei chieftain (d. 235) Lu Su, advisor for the Kingdom of Wu (d. 217) Philostratus II the Athenian, Greek sophist (approximate date) Zang Ba, general of Tao Qian, Lü Bu, and Cao Cao == Deaths == Empress Dou Miao of the Han Dynasty of China == References ==

172

. Children's Book Council of Australia Books by award

BILBY Award-winning works

Surprise Lake is a small alpine lake in Elmore County, Idaho, United States, located in the Sawtooth Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area. The lake is accessed from Sawtooth National Forest trail 479 along Timpa Creek Creek. Surprise Lake is in the Sawtooth Wilderness, and a wilderness permit can be obtained at a registration box at trailheads or wilderness boundaries. Timpa Lake is downstream of Surprise Lake, while Chickadee Lake is upstream to the southwest and Confusion Lake is upstream to the northeast. ==References== ==See also== List of lakes of the Sawtooth Mountains (Idaho) Sawtooth National Forest Sawtooth National Recreation Area Sawtooth Range (Idaho) Lakes of Idaho Landforms of Elmore County, Idaho Glacial lakes of the United States Sawtooth Wilderness

Surprise Lake (Idaho)

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If you believe the change you made should not have been considered as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again. If you need help, please see our help pages, and if you can't find what you are looking for there, please feel free to place "" on your talk page and someone will drop by to help. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Auto mechanic was changed by 216.115.124.169 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.872444 on 2012-03-08T21:45:31+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) Hello. In case you didn't know, when you add content to talk pages and Wikipedia pages that have open discussion, such as on Alaska Airlines, you should sign your posts by typing four tildes ( ~~~~ ) at the end of your comment. You could also click on the signature button or located above the edit window. This will automatically insert a signature with your username or IP address and the time you posted the comment. 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216.115.124.169

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Chrisbeem360

For a list of sources that contain the word decider, see Nadav1/decider. == balfouria == לפחות תמחוק את הדיון המטומטם בערך בלפוריה. לזה באמת אין חשיבות! ==Spelling== Sheesh, I mixed up effect and affect . Thanks for fixing it on Israel-Venezuela relations. Sandy Thank you for the comment, nadav. I have had to be exceedingly tolerant, patient, vigilant, and persistent (and this occurs across a large number of Chávez articles); I'm glad to know the problem is noticed. That cheers me up, although I have little hope that anything can be done about this tendentious editing and cleansing of Chavez criticism. Your comment is very much appreciated. Sandy == Ignore All Rules == Hello! I noticed your comment on the ignore all rules page today. There's a game called Nomic which was specifically invented to show how having self modifying hard rules can be a really dangerous thing, and can cause the nomic to come to a deadlock or halt. The Wikipedia: namespace resembles a Nomic much too much to be comfortable. The key to prevent that kind of situation is Ignore All Rules, which makes it possible to sidestep the rules for a moment so that we can make them work again. Two answers today :-) No matter how many rules you do or do not have, it's quite essential that your system keeps working. No matter how well crafted you think your rules are, if they cause a deadlock (oops, not so perfect after all), you're going to need a tool to fix that. Were you already aware that a well documented application of ignore all rules can fulfill the role of such a tool? What's your opinion on that? Do you know of any other tools that might be used? Your assumption of how the wiki works is not entirely correct. Most editors do not edit most pages most of the time. There's links to a pair of graphs on my user page, see if you can find them (else ask). Based on those wikistatistics, we typically have small groups of people (1-10) working on articles of a couple of K a piece. It would simply be crazy to have each editor slog through 100K of rules, just to make a 500 byte change each. ;-) And yet that's what some people expect. Is this information new to you? Do you have a different opinion? Kim Bruning == Substituting == When giving warning templates, please remember to substitute them. So for example put , not . Thanks. JoshuaZ == Balfouria again == Another anon (who looks to me like a different editor) has made further edits. I can't tell at a glance whether they are ok although it looks to me like the user may be pushing for a lack of mention of Arab-related geography issues there. If you could take a look I'd appreciate it. JoshuaZ ==Traudlhead.jpg== It was still ambiguous as to whether that image could be claimed as public domain. When it is ambiguous, I always err on the side of caution and delete. How did the uploader get this image? Did it come from the web or scanned from an archive? There is not enough summary to support the source of this image and citations to prove it would be public domain under German Law. I have restored the image with a PUI tag. If you can improve the source and tagging, then please do, otherwise, it will be deleted again. -Thanks, Nv8200p talk Thanks for the note - As I recall I scanned it from the book "Until the final hour" The picture was her Russian occupied sector identity card picture. Also I believe that this has no copright implications anyway Brookie :) - a will o' the wisp ! (Whisper...) == Issai Schur == I greatly expanded your translation of the article on Schur in the Heb-Wiki, so you might want to have a look there. Thanks for making the first step... Uzi V. ==Shuli Nathan== Curious why you removed notabiity template on Shuli Nathan's Web page. Many in Israel and the Jewish community world-wide know and admire her, in part because of Jerusalem of Gold, which had tremendius impact concerning Israel after the Six Day War. (I think highly of her also because she is a very nice person ...)Emesz Yes, they do. That's why I don't understand your question? She is quite notable, so why would we need this template that questions her notability? I do hope the article will be expanded. nadav Sorry - thought you removed a note marking Shuli Nathan as a notable Israeli singer. Didn't realize you removed it. I also hope the article is expanded.Emesz Barnstars are not even enough to express your monumental achievement of bringing it even this close to FA. It was a herculean task. BTW, do you think I made a mistake in offering these rewites to the lead? A lot of support has already coalesced around your nice version, and now I think maybe it would have been better to let the opposition die down. I hope I didn't mess things up... nadav My biggest worry is that it will fuel the this article is not stable fire. == קטגורית אנשי עסקים יהודים == אוקיי, סליחה על האשמה המהירה-מתנצל. מעבר לכך נדב, רצוי שתדע , אני מניח שאתה בעצם כבר יודע, שהרבה מאלו שבעד מחיקה אינם באים ממניעים טהורים כמו שלך-אלא הם פשוט אנטישמים. מה לעשות , התופעה המכוערת הזאת לא חלפה מהעולם וגם לא מויקיפדיה. מעבר לכך , אם תתעמק בנושא אני חושב שתוכל למצוא קשר די חזק בין יכולת עסקית למוצא היהודי-וזאת בשל ההיסטוריה המיוחדת של היהודים, הגבלתם למקורות עיסוק שונים וכ"ו -יהודים ניחנים באופן יזמי ולא הכל מדיד. מה רע בלבנות קטגוריה כזאת , גם אם אין קשר שניתן להסביר בין יהודים לכישורים עסקיים (אבל יש מתאם סטטיסטי) -לא הוגן שידונו בקטגוריות של אנשי עסקים באופן נפרד. כלומר, אם למישהו יש בעיה עם זה שיש קטגוריה של אנשי עסקים יהודים-אז צריך למחוק את כל הקטגוריות שמחלקות אנשי עסקים לפי מוצא אתני ודתי ולא אחת אחת.אבל זה לא כל כך אפשרי , למשל , אנשי עסקים מוסלמים הם לרוב כאלו שעשו את כספם בנפט או לבנונים שהתבססו היטב בדרום אמריקה ובמרכזה-ולהצלחה שלהם כנראה יש קשר לתרבות הלבנונית עצמה (זוהי הצלחה פנומנלית כולל איש עסקים מקסיקני ממוצא לבנוני שעומד להעיף את ביל גייטס מהצמרת) או הפרוטסטנטים (ביל גייטס נמנה עליהם באופן רשמי) שעיקרון בדת שלהם קובע שמי שהאל אוהב אותו מצליח כלכלית-זוהי תפיסה נוצרית שמעודדת חריצות , ועוד.ככה שאמנם אין נימוק של אחד לאחד לא למחוק את הקטגוריה של אנשי עסקים יהודית , אבל גם ההפך. אני חושב שאתה טועה מכמה סיבות : 1.התקפלות אינה הדרך הנכונה , והניצחון רק מגביר את התיאבון של הצד התוקף. אם מחר נמחק כל זכר ליהדותו של איינשטיין כי זה מפריע לכמה אנטישמים , מחרתיים גם ניתן מקום לדיון "אקדמי" אם הייתה שואה או , עוד שבוע נכתוב שאמינות השואה שנויה במחלוקת , עוד חודש נמחוק את הערך כליל לאחר הצבעה דמוקרטית.אני לא אומר להתעקש סתם על דברים-אבל שאין סיבה טובה למחוק , אז צריך להיות תקיפים , תאמין לי שזה מפחית אנטישמיות ולא מגביר אותה -מניסיון וממחשבה נטו. 2.לגבי אי אמינות של הקטגוריה -אפשר לבקש למחוק מהקטגוריה אנשים שהם "חצי יהודים " (כלומר , לפחות כאלו שלפי ההלכה היהודית אינם יהודים) -אני אישית בעד להכניס לקטגוריה "יהודי" רק מי שהינו יהודי שלם , זה חוסך מחלוקות ונראה אמין יותר-אחרת לא ניתן לייחס בבטחה את ההישגים למוצא עצמו.מעבר לכך , רק אנשים שיש מקור אמין יוכנסו לקטגוריה-כך שצריך לעשות ניקיון אבל לא למחוק את הקטגוריה.3. מהיכרות עם כמה ויקיפדיה שעורכים יהודים -וגם אני ,מחשיבים לאנטישמים , רוב הפעמים הניסיון הוא למחוק ולא להוסיף , ואגב , בניגוד למה שאתה חושב-רק אנטישמים מורעלים קשות מתרגזים ושונאים יותר שהם רואים כמה היהודים תרמו לעולם , היתר מתרשמים.4. הטענה כאילו הכנסת יהודים לקטגוריות מסכנת אותם-מאוד לא מקובלת, בוא ונסגור את הבסטה -נכריז שאנחנו לא יהודים יותר וזהו.5. עצם העובדה שאדם נולד לעם היהודי והפך לאיש עסקים מצליח, גם אם חונך על ברכי דת אחרת , עדיין אומרת משהו-אם זה גנטי , אם זה תרבותי ואם זה שניהם-עם מצליחן וזה יפה. אגב, ויטגנשטיין ,אחד מגדולי הפילוסופים של המדע בכל הזמנים-היה לא יהודי ע"פ ההלכה, ואביו היה מומר, בכל זאת שנחשף לדמיון שבין סוג הטיעונים הלוגיים שבהם השתמש לבין התלמוד (שבו איני מבין הרבה) אמר שכנראה התרבות היהודית טפטפה באופן עקיף שלא הוא ולא בני משפחתו שמו לב אליו. יש אפילו כתב עט די מפורסם (פסיכיאטריה טרנס תרבותית -כתב עט אמריקני) שסוקר אינספור דרכים ומקרים שבהם דברים כאלו קורים , כך שלטעון שמחיקה היא הפתרון הנכון-תרשה לי לפקפק בכך. כל טוב, אין טעם להמשיך את הוויכוח כי נראה שהחלטת , אבל כמה נק' חשובות: אנשי עסקים יהודים קצת יותר משפיעים וחשובים מיהודים שיודעים לעשות עמידת ראש, למעשה , עד כמה שאני יודע עוצמת של חברה נמדדת לפי ערכי המוסר שלה ומפותחות התרבות הרוחנית שלה, יכולתה המדעית ועוצמתה הכלכלית , טען אותי אם אני טועה.לשאלה אם מישהו רוצה שיכניסו אותו לקטגוריה או לא-אין ערך ממשי. הרשימות של הנאצים לא ישנו כהוא זה במידה וחלילה תתחולל שואה שניה וממילא לא תסיט אנשים טובים לרצח יהודים או לא יודע מה.ולגבי קרטיריוני הכלה: אפשר לבקש שרק מי שבא יהודי מבית (ולא גוייר וכ"ו) יוכנס לרשימה. לא משנה, אלו רק נק' לא מהותיות. == Notes == There's no need to have a special hived off ghetto for references. References belong in articles, are very often done this way, and should remain. Jayjg (talk) ==USP== See NUS Scholars Programme and help to controll them. == Egged == Hi Nadav, The reason that I removed the Egged reference is because I moved it to its entry, and since this isn't really a disputed assertion, we should probably follow the general convention of minimising the repetition of referencing. Cheers, TewfikTalk Hello. Yes, that's a good convention, but I believe it should be applied to each article on its own. Otherwise, people looking at the article don't know that the statement is sourced. We could also just remove the statement about Egged, which isn't too relevant. nadav == Jerusalem == It wasn't from Dr. Seuss; the sources is much older: And the Cat Came Back. Jayjg (talk) Ah, well in that case it was good edit summary then. nadav == Translation Request == Hello there... I'm in the process of redesigning my user page (Tariqabjotu/Redesign) and I wanted to have the first paragraph of my user page ("Tariqabjotu ... November 2006") translated into Hebrew. I realize you have the en-0 template on your page, but your English seems a lot better than that, so I thought I'd ask you. There are a few links in the text that might help you out, just in case. If you are willing and able to provide a translation, that would be great (respond here or on my talk page or wherever). Otherwise, that's fine too; just tell me. I'll gladly do it, as I do enjoy translation. I am supposedly on wikibreak (oy what a sad joke), so I'm not sure when itll be done. nadav Oh, and the en-0 template is an inside joke. nadav Done faster than I expected. By the way, you're my neighbor. I live in Rockville. nadav Thanks again for the translation; I have since added it to my user page. One thing I did notice was that it looks like there might be an error. I don't know Hebrew, but it seemed like on of the links should go to , instead of . Am I correct about that? ==Jerusalem congestion== Nadav, the sentence as it is doesn't make sense. The traffic in East Jerusalem is NOT more congested than West Jerusalem, so I concluded that it must be the pollution that is higher. Personally, I doubt it...but someone apparently claims so, and has brought a source to back it up. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Gilabrand (talk • contribs) . Answered on your page. nadav ==Re: Right-justified text== Should I notify voters on the last FAC that the FAC has been restarted? More importantly, don't you think the Hebrew and Arabic text on your user page would look nicer right-justified? nadav Notifying !voters from the last FAC would probably be a good idea. About the Hebrew and Arabic text... it looks right-justified to me. I haven't used Internet Explorer recently, so I'm not sure how it looks there. And I'm at school too, so I don't have the option of downloading it here. I'll be home in a few hours and check. ==Century High== I hope your requesting the deletion of my page is not because its a Christian school. ==Gevo2267== —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Gevo2267 (talk • contribs) . No, I have nothing against religious schools at all. I outlined my reasons for the deletion nomination at the following link: Articles for deletion/Century High School of Santa Monica. Please respond there if I have acted in error, and if you can, please refer to reliable sources about the school. nadav If you'd read what i have written in the same box where you requested my pages deletion you'd understand more. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Gevo2267 (talk • contribs) . Apology accepted! Im currently looking online for a site that lists all the Armenian Christian School! There are a few sites but not for the area. I understand why your so protective. Wikipedias one of my most visited sites and im glad it dosent have a bunch of adds for companys. Does having your school name in an Armenian Website work for notability? I found one http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Armenian_Education#Armenian_High_Schools Umm...where to begin. First Wiki sites are not considered reliable. See Reliable sources/examples#Use of electronic or online sources. Moreover, I checked who added the school's entry in the page historyand found that it was added suspiciously recently, with a timestamp of 06:52, 26 April 2007 by a person who had not contributed anything else to that project.

Nadav1/Archives/August 2006 - April 2007

1-Aminomethyl-5-methoxyindane

Chickadee Lake

== September 2010 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Sébastien Loeb, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. -M.Nelson (talk)

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Melanie Reizes Klein (30 March 1882 – 22 September 1960) was an Austrian-born British psychoanalyst who devised novel therapeutic techniques for children that had an impact on child psychology and contemporary psychoanalysis. She was a leading innovator in theorizing object relations theory. ==Life== Born in Vienna of Jewish parentage, Klein first sought psychoanalysis for herself from Sándor Ferenczi when she was living in Budapest during World War I. There she became a psychoanalyst and began analyzing children in 1919. Allegedly two of the first children she analyzed were her son and daughter. In 1921 she moved to Berlin, where she studied with and was analyzed by Karl Abraham. Although Abraham supported her pioneering work with children, neither Klein nor her ideas received much support in Berlin. However, impressed by her innovative work, British psychoanalyst Ernest Jones invited Klein to come to London in 1926, where she worked until her death in 1960. Klein had a major influence on the theory and technique of psychoanalysis, particularly in Great Britain. As a divorced woman whose academic qualifications did not even include a bachelor's degree, Klein was a visible iconoclast within a profession dominated by male physicians. After the arrival of Sigmund Freud and his psychoanalyst daughter, Anna Freud, in London in 1938, Klein’s ideas came into conflict with those of Continental analysts who were migrating to Britain. Following protracted debates between the followers of Klein and the followers of Anna Freud during the 1940s (the so-called 'controversial discussions'), the British Psychoanalytical Society split into three separate training divisions: (1) Kleinian, (2) Anna Freudian, and (3) independent. This division remains to the current time. Apart from her professional successes, Klein’s life was full of tragic events. Allegedly the product of an unwanted pregnancy, she had little affection from her parents. Her much loved elder sister died when Klein was four, and she was made to feel responsible for her brother’s death. Her academic studies were interrupted by marriage and children. Her marriage failed and her son died in a climbing accident, that may have been a suicide, while her daughter, whom Klein had analyzed as a child, the well-known psychoanalyst Melitta Schmideberg, fought her openly in the British Psychoanalytic Society. Her daughter's analyst at the time, Edward Glover, openly challenged Klein in the British Society meetings. Mother and daughter were not reconciled before Klein's death, and Schmideberg did not attend Klein's funeral. ==Thought== Although she questioned some of the fundamental assumptions of Sigmund Freud, Klein always considered herself a faithful adherent to Freud's ideas. Klein was the first person to use traditional psychoanalysis with young children. She was innovative in both her techniques (such as working with children using toys) and her theories in infant development. Strongly opinionated, and demanding loyalty from her followers, Klein established a highly influential training program in psychoanalysis. She is considered one of the co-founders of object relations theory. Klein's theoretical work incorporates Freud's belief in the existence of the "death instinct", reflecting the fact that all living organisms are inherently drawn toward an inorganic state, and therefore, in an unspecified sense, contain a drive towards death. In psychological terms Eros (properly, the life instinct), the postulated sustaining and uniting principle of life, is thereby presumed to have a companion force, Thanatos (death instinct), which seeks to terminate and disintegrate life. Both Freud and Klein regarded these biomental forces as the foundations of the psyche. These were human drives (Triebe) unrelated to the animal instincts of ethology. These primary unconscious forces, whose mental matrix is the "id," sparked the ego—the experiencing self—into activity. Id, ego, and superego—to be sure—were merely shorthand terms (like the "instincts") referring to highly complex, mostly uncharted, psycho-dynamic operations. Freud and Klein never abandoned the terms or the conceptualizations despite protests and controversies by many of their adherents. While Freud’s ideas concerning children mostly came from working with adult patients, Klein was innovative in working directly with children, often as young as two years old. Klein saw children’s play as their primary mode of emotional communication. After observing troubled children play with toys such as dolls, animals, plasticine, pencil and paper, Klein attempted to interpret the specific meaning of play. Following Freud she emphasized the significant role that parental figures played in the child’s fantasy life, and considered that the timing of Freud’s Oedipus complex was incorrect. Contradicting Freud, she concluded that the superego was present from birth. After exploring ultra-aggressive fantasies of hate, envy, and greed in very young and disturbed children, Melanie Klein proposed a model of the human psyche that linked significant oscillations of state, with whether the postulated Eros or Thanatos instincts were in the fore. She named the state of the psyche, when the sustaining principle of life is in domination, the depressive position. This is considered by many to be her great contribution to psychoanalytic thought. She later developed her ideas about an earlier developmental psychological state corresponding to the disintegrating tendency of life, which she called the paranoid-schizoid position. Klein's insistence on regarding aggression as an important force in its own right when analyzing children brought her into conflict with Freud's own daughter, Anna Freud, who was one of the other prominent child psychotherapists in continental Europe but who moved to London in 1938 where Klein had been working for several years. Many controversies arose from this conflict, and these are often referred to as the Controversial discussions. Battles were played out between the two sides, each presenting scientific papers, working out their respective positions and where they differed, during war-time Britain. A compromise was eventually reached whereby three distinct training groups were formed within the British Psycho-Analytic Society, with Anna Freud's influence remaining largely predominant in the US. Today, Kleinian psychoanalysis is one of the major schools within psychoanalysis. Kleinian psychoanalysts are members of the International Psychoanalytical Association. Kleinian psychoanalysis remains a large and influential school of psychoanalysis within Britain, in much of Latin America, and to an extent in continental Europe. Within the United States of America, the Psychoanalytic Center of California is the only major training center that follows the work of Melanie Klein. Kleinian psychoanalysis with adults is characterized by the traditional method of using an analytic couch and meeting four to five times a week. Unlike Freudian psychoanalysis which focuses on the patient's ego, Kleinian analysis focuses on interpreting very "deep" and primitive emotions and fantasies from the very beginning of treatment. ==Literature== Melanie Klein's works are collected in four volumes: "The collected Writings of Melanie Klein" Other books on Melanie Klein: Robert Hinshelwood, Susan Robinson, Oscar Zarate, Introducing Melanie Klein, Icon Books UK 2003 Robert Hinshelwood, A Dictionary of Kleinian Thought, Free Association Books UK 1989 Robert Hinshelwood, Clinical Klein, Free Association Books UK 1993 Mary L Jacobus, "The Poetics of Psychoanalysis: In the Wake of Klein", Oxford University Press, 2006, ISBN 0-19-924636-X Julia Kristeva, Melanie Klein (European Perspectives: A Series in Social Thought and Cultural Criticism) tr. Ross Guberman, Columbia University Press, 2004 Donald Meltzer (Information in French) "The Kleinian Development (New edition)", Publisher: Karnac Books; Reprint edition 1998, ISBN 1-85575-194-1 Donald Meltzer : "Dream-Life: A Re-Examination of the Psycho-Analytical Theory and Technique" Publisher: Karnac Books, 1983, ISBN 0-902965-17-4 Meira Likierman, "Melanie Klein, Her Work in Context" Continuum International, Paperback, 2002 Hanna Segal (Information in French): John Steiner (Information in French) : "Psychic Retreats" (...) relative peace and protection from strain when meaningful contact with the analyst is experienced as(...), Publisher: Routledge; 1993, ISBN 0-415-09924-2 C. Fred Alford, Melanie Klein and Critical Social Theory: An Account of Politics, Art, and Reason Based on Her Psychoanalytic Theory, Yale UP 1990 Phyllis Grosskurth, Melanie Klein: Her World and Her Work, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1986, ISBN 1-56821-445-6 Jacqueline Rose, Why War? Herbert Rosenfeld (Information in French): * "Impasse and Interpretation: Therapeutic and Anti-Therapeutic Factors in the Psycho-Analytic Treatment of Psychotic, Borderline, and Neurotic Patients", Publisher: Tavistock Publications, 1987, ISBN 0-422-61010-0 Julia Segal: (1992). Melanie Klein. London: Sage. ISBN 0-8039-8477-4 Ronald Britton: "Sex, Death, and the Superego: Experiences in Psychoanalysis", Publisher: Karnac Books; 2003, ISBN 1-85575-948-9 Ronald Britton: "Belief and Imagination", Publisher: Taylor & Francis LTD; 1998, ISBN 0-415-19438-5 Monique Lauret et Jean-Philippe Raynaud, "Melanie Klein, une pensée vivante", Presses Universitaires de France, 2008, ISBN 978-2-13-057039-4 ==In popular culture== Melanie Klein was the subject of a 1988 play by Nicholas Wright, entitled Mrs. Klein. Set in London in 1934, the play involves a conflict between Melanie Klein and her daughter Melitta Schmideberg, after the death of Melanie's son Hans Klein. The depiction of Melanie Klein is quite unfavorable: the play suggests that Hans' death was a suicide and also reveals that Klein had analyzed these two children. In the original production at the Cottesloe Theatre in London, Gillian Barge played Melanie Klein, with Zoë Wanamaker and Francesca Annis playing the supporting roles. In the 1995 New York revival of the play, Melanie Klein was played by Uta Hagen, who described Melanie Klein as a role that she was meant to play. The play was broadcast on the British radio station BBC 4 in 2008 and revived at the Almeida Theatre in London in October 2009 with Clare Higgins as Melanie Klein. The indy band Volcano Suns dedicated their first record "The Bright Orange Years" to Klein for her work on childhood aggression. Scottish author, Alexander McCall Smith, makes extensive use of Melanie Klein and her theories in his 44 Scotland Street series. One of the characters, Irene, has an obsession with Kleinian theory, and uses it to "guide" her in the upbringing of her son, Bertie. The PS2 science fiction RPG series Xenosaga references several psychoanalysts, including Melanie Klein. In Also sprach Zarathustra the contact point between imaginary space and real space is named a 'Klein Point.' ==See also== == References == == External links == Melanie Klein in the Encyclopædia Britannica Biography, psychoanalytic techniques, theory Melanie Klein Trust 1882 births 1960 deaths Austrian psychologists Hungarian psychologists British psychologists Austrian psychoanalysts Hungarian psychoanalysts British psychoanalysts Jewish scientists Austrian Jews Jews from Galicia (Eastern Europe) Austrian expatriates in Hungary Hungarian Jews British people of Hungarian descent British Jews People from Vienna Freudians History of mental health in the United Kingdom History of psychiatry Analysands of Karl Abraham Analysands of Sándor Ferenczi Object relations theorists 20th-century Austrian writers 20th-century women writers

Melanie Klein

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Tom Campana (born January 18, 1950) is a former award winning and all-star slotback who played in the Canadian Football League from 1972 to 1977 with the Saskatchewan Roughriders. A native of Kent, Ohio and a graduate of his home state Ohio State University, Camapana was part of the Buckeye's 1970 National Championship team. Joining the Green Riders in 1972, he was a CFL Western All-Star and runner up for rookie of the year (to Chuck Ealey for the CFL's Most Outstanding Rookie Award.) He also played in the classic 64th Grey Cup when the Green Riders lost in the last minute. He finished his career in 1977 having caught 269 passes for 4040 yards, rushed for 554 yards, and scored 30 touchdowns. ==References== 1950 births Living people Canadian Football League Rookie of the Year Award winners Ohio State Buckeyes football players People from Kent, Ohio Saskatchewan Roughriders players

Tom Campana

Zünfte of Zürich

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Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad,മുട്ടിൽ ഇഴഞ്ഞു നടന്ന ഒരു ജനതയെ നട്ടെല്ലിൽ ഉയർന്നു നിൽക്കാൻ പഠിപ്പിച്ച നേതാവ് (ഏലങ്കുളം മനക്കല്‍ ശങ്കരന്‍ നമ്പൂതിരിപ്പാട്, Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Nambudirippadu; 13 June 1909 – 19 March 1998), popularly known as E. M. S., was an Indian Communist leader, Socialist-Marxist theorist, revolutionary, author, historian, social commentator and the first Chief Minister of Kerala state. As the first non-Indian National Congress Chief Minister in Republic of India, he became the leader of the first democratically elected Communist government in India. Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad pioneered radical land and educational reforms in Kerala state that are today being duplicated by other states of India. It is largely due to his commitment and guidance that the Communist Party of India (Marxist), of which he was Politburo member and general secretary for 14 years, has become such a domineering political force, playing a vital role in India's new era of coalition politics. == Personal life == Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad was born on 13 June 1909, as the son of Parameswaran Namboodirippad, at Elamkulam, in Perintalmanna taluk of the present Malappuram district into an aristocratic upper-caste Brahmin family. In his early years, he was associated with V. T. Bhattathiripad, M. R. Bhattathiripad and many others in the fight against the casteism and conservatism that existed in the Namboothiri community. He became one of the office bearers of Valluvanadu Yogaskshema Sabha, an organization of progressive Namboothiri youth. During his college days, he was deeply associated with the Indian National Congress and Indian Independence Movement. He was a writer and author of several literary works and his book on the history of Kerala is notable. He was well-known for his stammer. When asked if he stammered always, he famously replied, “No, only when I speak.” == Socialism == In 1934, he was one of the founder leaders of Congress Socialist Party, a socialist wing within the Indian National Congress and was elected as its All India Joint Secretary from 1934 to 1940. During this period he was also elected to the Madras Legislative Assembly (1939). He remained committed to socialist ideals and his compassion towards the downtrodden working class made him join the ranks of the Communist movement. He was considered to be one of the founders of the Communist Party of India (CPI) in Kerala, for which he had to go in hiding for some time. During the 1962 Sino-Indian war, he was among those leaders who aired China's view on the border issue. When the CPI split in 1964, EMS stood with the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)). He served as a member of the Central Committee and the Politburo of the CPI(M), before becoming its General Secretary in 1977, a designation he held until 1992. He was a member of the party Politburo until his death. An outstanding Marxist scholar whose credentials remain unchallenged even to day, much of the Kerala society's current day advancement owes itself to the insight of this polymath and social genius whose name resonates throughout Kerala, there is no passing day in Kerala without quoting his name or the erstwhile communist ministry headed by him. == Election to state Government == During his political career, EMS was defeated only once in the public elections, when he lost to K.P.Kuttikrishnan Nair (the founder leader of Trade Union Movement in India) of the Indian National Congress by a huge margin from the Kozhikode constituency. In 1957, EMS led the Communists to victory in the first election for the state government, making him the first communist leader in India to head a popularly elected government. (The first democratically elected communist government in the world came to power in San Marino in 1945.) It was also the first time for a regional party anywhere in India to win state elections. On 5 April 1957 he was appointed as the first chief minister of Kerala. His government soon introduced the Land Reform Ordinance and Education Bill. His government was dismissed in 1959 by the Central Government, which invoked the controversial Article 356 of the Indian Constitution following what later became known as 'The Liberation Struggle'. He became the Chief Minister of Kerala for the second time in 1967 as the leader of a seven-party coalition including the Muslim League. He wooed the Muslim League by promising them a district of their own, which has been seen as a highly selfish move to make for a communist. This time his tenure lasted for two and a half years and he created a separate district called 'Malappuram' during this term as per prior agreement. Soon after becoming Chief Minister again, on 31 January 1968 he inaugurated Asia's first mechanised coir factory called Floorco in Pozhikkara, Paravur. EMS was the Leader of Opposition in the Kerala Legislative Assembly from 1960 to 1964 and again from 1970 to 1977. He influenced Kerala society by his vision on decentralization of power and resources (People's Plan), and the Kerala Literacy Movement. He authored several books in English & Malayalam. Chintha Publication, Kerala has published all his books under the title, 'E M S Sanchika'. He was well known as a journalist as well. == Sino-Indian war == During the 1962 Sino-Indian war, when left wing parties were under attack for their pro-China stance, he laid stress on the significance of solving the border dispute through talks. ==Association with Progressive Movement for Arts and Letters== EMS, Kesari Balakrishna Pillai, Joseph Mundassery, M. P. Paul and K. Damodaran were architects of 'Jeevat Sahitya Prastanam', which later came to known as Purogamana Sahitya Prastanam (Progressive Association for Arts and Letters). Though Kesari was considered to be one of the visionaries of the Progressive Movement for Arts and Letters in Kerala, serious difference of opinion emerged later between full-time Communist Party activists and other personalities, namely Kesari and Joseph Mundassery. In this context, EMS famously called Kesari a "Petit-Bourgeois intellectual", which he later corrected. EMS also acknowledged some of the earlier misconceptions of the Communist Party with respect to the Progressive Literature and Arts Movement. This debate is known as 'Rupa Bhadrata Vivadam', an important milestone in the growth of Modern Malayalam Literature. == Death == EMS died on 19 March 1998. He was married to Arya Antharjanam and had two sons and two daughters. ==Bibliography== == References == ==External links== E. M. S. Namboodiripad at Kerala Chief Minister Official Website ==Further reading== |- 1909 births 1998 deaths People from Kerala Malayali people Chief Ministers of Kerala Politics of Kerala Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians Indian politicians Malayali politicians Hindu reformers Indian reformers Indian atheists St. Thomas College, Thrissur alumni

E. M. S. Namboodiripad

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Kurogane III

Cliff Lake (Idaho)

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142.177.157.112

Dandy Lake

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__NOTOC__ Year 171 (CLXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severus and Herennianus (or, less frequently, year 924 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 171 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. == Events == === By place === ==== Roman Empire ==== Emperor Marcus Aurelius forms a new military command, the praetentura Italiae et Alpium. Aquileia is relieved, and the Marcomanni are evicted from Roman territory. Marcus Aurelius signs a peace treaty with the Quadi and the Sarmatian Iazyges. The Germanic tribes of the Hasdingi (Vandals) and the Lacringi become Roman allies. Armenia and Mesopotamia becomes a protectorate of the Roman Empire. The Costoboci cross the Danube (Dacia) and ravage Thrace in the Balkan Peninsula. They reached Eleusis, near Athens, and destroyed the temple of the Eleusinian Mysteries. In May or June, the orator Aelius Aristides delivered a public speech in Smyrna, lamenting the damage recently inflicted to the sacred site of Eleusis. == Births == Sima Lang, elder brother of Sima Yi (d. 217) == Deaths == == References ==

171

== Princely vs ducal title == Although reliable sources in English have yet to be found by way of verification, it appears that this Russian branch of the German House of Oldenburg were known in their adopted country by the unique title of Prints (russification of the German word for a cadet prince, Prinz) rather than by their apparently legal German title of Herzog or "Duke". Until this can be properly sorted out using sources that can be cited in the article, the historical reality should nonetheless be noted here, lest it be forgot. FactStraight (talk)

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Elk Lake (Sawtooth Wilderness)

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