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2017 Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic election

==Recent edit to Colin Brazier== Hello, and thank you for your recent contribution. While the content of your edit may be true, I have removed it because its depth or nature of detail are not consistent with our objectives as an encyclopedia. I recognize that your edit was made in good faith and hope you will familiarize yourself with what Wikipedia is not so we may collaborate in the future. Thank you! Jacona (talk)

107.16.53.101

== April 2010 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Software testing, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. Walter Görlitz (talk) If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

122.164.239.21

Hello this is Fngosa, a wikipedia editorial member of more than 10 years. I have been inactive for nearly 5 years now. I am now back specifically for the following reasons. To defend freedom of expression which is under threat as at February 2017 To defend the rights of the marginalised communities regardless of their economic statuses. To help retain knowledge for future generations. Plese Donate to Wikipedia foundation Please leave messages below and I will respond. Remember to sign . achieved data on september 29nd, 2009. Freshymail (Talk page ) the knowledge-defender ==Proposed deletion of SAVE (Sisters Against Violent Extremism)== The article SAVE (Sisters Against Violent Extremism) has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern: Of the references given only the diepresse one appears to be reliable, others are blogs or links to promotional videos on youtube. Seems like a worthy cause but I'm not finding the kind of significant coverage in 3rd party sources demanded by Wikipedia notability guidelines. Parent organization lacks a Wikipedia article. While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons. You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page. Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the Proposed Deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The Speedy Deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and Articles for Deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. RadioFan (talk) == Windows 7 Wordpad Screenshot == Re: Link to an illegal copy of Window Clippings in an image Ill get right on it and link you when i have uploaded it! KiraChinmoku (Talk, My Contribs) I have uploaded it, if you think any info on the file page is wrong or can be improved, feel free to change it. The link is Preview: Win7_build7100_Wordpad.jpg thanks Kirachinmoku for replacing the wordpad image, and removing links to sites hoisting illegal softwares. Freshymail (Talk page ) the knowledge-defender == Replaceable fair use Image:Lilly == Thanks for uploading Lilly . I noticed the description page specifies that the media is being used under a claim of fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first non-free content criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed media could reasonably be found or created that provides substantially the same information. If you believe this media is not replaceable, please: Go to the media description page and edit it to add , without deleting the original replaceable fair use template. On the image discussion page, write the reason why this image is not replaceable at all. Alternatively, you can also choose to replace this non-free media by finding freely licensed media of the same subject, requesting that the copyright holder release this (or similar) media under a free license, or by taking a picture of it yourself. If you have uploaded other non-free media, consider checking that you have specified how these images fully satisfy our non-free content criteria. You can find a list of description pages you have edited by clicking on . Note that even if you follow steps 1 and 2 above, non-free media which could be replaced by freely licensed alternatives will be deleted 2 days after this notification (7 days if uploaded before 13 July 2006), per our non-free content policy. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Skier Dude (talk) == HAPPY WIKIBIRTHDAY!!! EarthCom1000 (talk) ==New Page Patrol survey== == Notification of automated file description generation == Your upload of AfDevInfo image or contribution to its description is noted, and thanks (even if belatedly) for your contribution. In order to help make better use of the media, an attempt has been made by an automated process to identify and add certain information to the media's description page. This notification is placed on your talk page because a bot has identified you either as the uploader of the file, or as a contributor to its metadata. It would be appreciated if you could carefully review the information the bot added. To opt out of these notifications, please follow the instructions here. Thanks! Message delivered by Theo's Little Bot (opt-out) == File:2001 Zambian elections listed for deletion == A file that you uploaded or altered, 2001 Zambian elections , has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the discussion to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. Green Giant (talk) == Possibly unfree File: == A file that you uploaded or altered, , has been listed at Possibly unfree files because its copyright status is unclear or disputed. If the file's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. You may find more information on the file description page. You are welcome to add comments to its entry at the discussion if you object to the listing for any reason. Thank you. Kelly hi! ==License tagging for File:Chishimba == Thanks for uploading Chishimba . You don't seem to have indicated the license status of the image. Wikipedia uses a set of image copyright tags to indicate this information. To add a tag to the image, select the appropriate tag from this list, click on this link, then click "Edit this page" and add the tag to the image's description. If there doesn't seem to be a suitable tag, the image is probably not appropriate for use on Wikipedia. For help in choosing the correct tag, or for any other questions, leave a message on Media copyright questions. Thank you for your cooperation. == New deal for page patrollers == Hi , In order to better control the quality of new pages, keep out the spam, and welcome the genuine newbies, the current system we introduced in 2011 is being updated and improved. The documentation and tutorials have also been revised and given a facelift. Most importantly a new user group New Page Reviewer has been created. Under the new rule, you may find that you are temporarily unable to mark new pages as reviewed. However, this is nothing to worry about - most current experienced patrollers are being accorded the the new right without the need to apply, and if you have significant previous experience of patrolling new pages, we strongly encourage you to apply for the new right as soon as possible - we need all the help we can get, and we are now providing a dynamic, supportive environment for your work. Find out more about this exiting new user right now at New Page Reviewers and be sure to read the new tutorial before applying. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) == ArbCom Elections 2016: Voting now open! == == RC Patrol-related Proposals in the 2016 Community Wishlist Survey == Greetings Recent Changes Patrollers! This is a one-time-only message to inform you about technical proposals related to Recent Changes Patrol in the that I think you may be interested in reviewing and perhaps even voting for: Adjust number of entries and days at Last unpatrolled Editor-focused central editing dashboard "Hide trusted users" checkbox option on watchlists and related/recent changes (RC) pages Real-Time Recent Changes App for Android Shortcut for patrollers to last changes list Further, there are more than 20 proposals related to Watchlists in general that you may be interested in reviewing. (and over 260 proposals in all, across many aspects of wikis) Thank you for your consideration. Please note that voting for proposals continues through December 12, 2016. Note: You received this message because you have transcluded (user box) on your user page. Since this message is "one-time-only" there is no opt out for future mailings. Best regards, — Delivered:

Fngosa

Eastern Hart (الهرط الشرقي) is a Syrian village located in Al-Saan Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Eastern Hart had a population of 610 in the 2004 census. == References == Populated places in Salamiyah District

Harat al-Sharqiyyah

PS Ruby is the name of several ships: , the first iron built paddle steamer in service from the English mainland to the Isle of Wight, see Red Funnel , a historic paddle steamer preserved at Wentworth on the Murray River in Australia Ship names

PS Ruby

== July 2014 == Hello, I'm JaconaFrere. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of your recent contributions to MLS Cup 2000 because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Jacona (talk) If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

74.128.224.60

The New Jersey School of Conservation (NJSOC) is the Environmental Education Field Campus of Montclair State University. It is the oldest university-operated environmental education center in the US. It is located from the Montclair campus on a tract located in Stokes State Forest in Sussex County, New Jersey. Administratively, it is part of the College of Science and Mathematics. The mission of the New Jersey School of Conservation is to develop in its program participants' knowledge of how Earth systems operate and how human actions affect these systems. It is intended that this knowledge will cultivate the prolonged performance of environmentally responsible behaviors and the development of self-confidence to support the development of attitudes, beliefs, and values that will aid individuals and groups alike in the resolution of current environmental problems, the avoidance of future environmental problems, and the quest for sustainable development. The environmental education programs provide field experiences in the environmental sciences, [outdoor pursuits, and the

New Jersey School of Conservation

Longfin yellowtail

====Regarding edits made during March 29 2007 (UTC)==== Welcome to Wikipedia. We invite everyone to contribute constructively to our encyclopedia. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing. However, unconstructive edits are considered vandalism and are immediately reverted. If you continue in this manner you may be blocked from editing without further warning. Please stop, and consider improving rather than damaging the work of others. Thank you. If this is an IP address, and it is shared by multiple users, ignore this warning if you did not make any unconstructive edits. Gilliam ==Regarding edits made 30 March 2007 to 70.134.215.243== Please do not delete or edit legitimate talk page comments; this is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Wǐkǐɧérṃǐť(Talk) (Contributions) Welcome to Wikipedia. We invite everyone to contribute constructively to our encyclopedia. One or more of your recent edits have been considered unhelpful or unconstructive and have been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. A link to the edit I have reverted can be found here: link. If you believe this edit should not have been reverted, please contact me. Steven Weston === April 2007 === Please do not add unhelpful and unconstructive content to Wikipedia, as you did to Dottie Rambo. Your edits appear to be vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. —DerHexer (Talk)

70.134.215.243

Abdullah Khan may refer to: ==Sportspeople== Abdullah Khan (cricketer) (born 1965), Pakistani cricketer Abdullah Khan (athlete) (born 1933), Pakistani Olympic sprinter ==In government, military, and politics== Abdullah Khan II (1533–1598), sixteenth century Uzbek ruler Abdullah Khan (Golden Horde), 14th century puppet Khan of the Golden Horde Abdullah Khan (Moghul Khan) (died 1675), one of the last Chagatai Khans at Khotan Abdullah Khan Uzbek, 16th century Mughal general who rebelled against Emperor Akbar in Malwa Subah Abdullah Khan Firoz Jung, 17th century Mughal general and governor of Malwa Subah for Emperor Jahangir ==Other people== Abdullah Mohammad Khan, Afghan, former Guantanamo detainee Abdullah Khan (Guantanamo detainee 950); see Guantanamo captives from Afghanistan Abdullah Khan (author), published by Juggernaut Books

Abdullah Khan

Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. A link to the edit I have reverted can be found here: link. If you believe this edit should not have been reverted, please contact me. Corpx (talk)

24.214.138.47

{| |} RFA Orangeleaf was a Leaf-class fleet support tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary. As MV Balder London, before joining the RFA, she saw action in 1982, carrying aviation fuel to the Falkland Islands from Ascension. At the end of the conflict, she entered San Carlos water. Orangeleaf saw action in the Gulf War in 1991. During early-to-mid-2004, the ship took part in a deployment with a French carrier battle group, centred on the aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle, to the Indian Ocean. She also appeared in the International Fleet Review of 2005. On 23 October 2009, she was moved from Birkenhead dry-docks into the River Mersey and so to the Cammell Laird shipyard to continue a major refit. In 2011, she conducted a light jackstay transfer with . She was decommissioned on 30 September 2015. In late February 2016 she was towed to Aliaga, Turkey to be broken up for scrap. Leyal reported scrapping was completed by June 2016. ==References== ==External links== Official Webpage Ships of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary Leaf-class tankers 1973 ships Gulf War ships of the United Kingdom

RFA Orangeleaf (A110)

Welcome! Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: The five pillars of Wikipedia How to edit a page Help pages Tutorial How to write a great article What Wikipedia is not I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!  ==Airsoft Fields in the United States== I have added a "" template to the article Airsoft Fields in the United States, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but I don't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and I've explained why in the deletion notice (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Fang Aili talk I have nominated this page for deletion. Please see Articles for deletion/Airsoft Fields in the United States. Thank you, Fang Aili talk

SnowOptix

== April 2009 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. 月 (Moon)と暁 (Sunrise) If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings.

209.169.68.192

== April 2009 == Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to Independent clause has been reverted, as it appears to have removed content from the page without explanation. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Maxis ftw (talk)

70.57.15.1

Ouvrage Mottenberg is a lesser work (petit ouvrage) of the Maginot Line. Part of the Fortified Sector of Boulay, the ouvrage consists of one entrance block and two infantry blocks, and is located between petits ouvrages Coume Annexe Sud and Kerfent, facing Germany. == Design and construction == The site was surveyed by CORF (Commission d'Organisation des Régions Fortifiées), the Maginot Line's design and construction agency; Mottenberg was approved for construction in September 1931. It was completed at a cost of 13 million francs by the contractor Societé Alsacienne des Travaux Publics. The petit ouvrage was to receive a separate entrance block, an 81mm mortar turret and a 135mm gun turret in a second phase, never carried out == Description == Mottenberg comprises three infantry blocks. The blocks are linked by deep underground galleries, which also provide space for barracks, utilities and ammunition storage. The galleries are excavated at an average depth of up to . Block 1: infantry/entry block with two automatic rifle cloches (GFM), one observation cloche (VDP), one twin machine gun embrasure and one machine gun/anti-tank gun embrasure (JM/AC47). Block 2: Infantry block with one GFM cloche and one JM cloche. Block 3: Infantry block with one GFM cloche and one retractable twin machine gun turret. The second phase of construction was to add an 81mm mortar turret block, a 135mm gun turret block and an entry block, as well as underground support facilities. === Casemates and shelters === In addition to the connected combat blocks, a series of detached casemates and infantry shelters surround Mottenberg, including Casemate Sud du Mottenberg: Double block with two JM/AC47 embrasures, one JM embrasure, one 81mm mortar embrasure and two GFM cloches. Destroyed in 1940 by German assault. == Manning == The 1940 manning of the ouvrage under the command of Captain Cloarec comprised 145 men and 3 officers of the 160th Fortress Infantry Regiment. The units were under the umbrella of the 3rd Army, Army Group 2. The Casernement de Ban Saint-Jean provided peacetime above-ground barracks and support services to Coume and other positions in the area. == History == See Fortified Sector of Boulay for a broader discussion of the Boulay sector of the Maginot Line. On 21 June 1940, Mottenberg fired on German troops attacking petit ouvrage Kerfent. Since Mottenberg was only able to use machine gun fire, the intervention was unsuccessful and Kerfent surrendered. After World War II, Mottenberg was in poor condition and was not chosen for renovation. == Current condition == All above-ground elements such as cloches and turrets have been salvaged, with few other elements visible. == See also == List of all works on Maginot Line Siegfried Line Atlantic Wall Czechoslovak border fortifications == Notes == == References == == Bibliography == Allcorn, William. The Maginot Line 1928-45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003. Kaufmann, J.E. and Kaufmann, H.W. Fortress France: The Maginot Line and French Defenses in World War II, Stackpole Books, 2006. Kaufmann, J.E., Kaufmann, H.W., Jancovič-Potočnik, A. and Lang, P. The Maginot Line: History and Guide, Pen and Sword, 2011. Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 1. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2001. Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 2. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003. Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 3. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003. Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 5. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009. ==External links== Ouvrage du Mottenberg at Mottenberg (petit ouvrage A33 du) at Petit ouvrage du Mottenberg at MOTT Maginot Line

Ouvrage Mottenberg

== April 2009 == Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, you will be blocked from editing. Wknight94 talk If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

68.3.248.249

This category should be used for those who graduated from the University of Angers as it was reconstituted in 1971. Those who graduated from the University of Angers before it was suppressed in 1793 should be put in the category University of Angers (pre-1793) alumni. If you find a person who is said to have graduated from the University of Angers between 1875 and 1970 they graduated from the Catholic University of the West and should be put in that alumni category. A

University of Angers alumni

==Welcome== Welcome to my talk page. I'm new to all this Wikipedia stuff, but am very keen to learn how to do a proper job with it. Please feel free to tell me what you think to any of my entries (I've got a thick skin, and don't mind constructive criticsm). Sammy_r (talk) ==Welcome to Wikipedia== Welcome! Hello, , and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you might find helpful: The five pillars of Wikipedia Tutorial How to edit a page and How to develop articles How to create your first article (using the Article Wizard if you wish) Manual of Style I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your messages on discussion pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically insert your username and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or ask your question on this page and then place before the question. Again, welcome! == Milecastle == I've seen the articles you've been creating, and maybe you should slow down- there doesn't seem to be a point in having identical articles for every individual milecastle. ALI nom nom There's method to my madness - Have a quick look at the Milecastle 10 talk page to see the reasons for the placeholder text. That said, I haven't any massive emotional attachment to it _r (talk) I did, and I'm removing the tags now. But is there historical information for each milecastle? Or would they look better arranged in a list page, with comments for each milecastle, if any? ALI nom nom Have a quick look at Milecastle 9 as an example of how they're going to look when they're _r (talk) I am humbled. I'm actually interested in this project. I won't have a lot of free time for a while, but let me know what I can do to help. ALI nom nom :Always happy to have someone else on board. 81 milecasltles is a fair few to get through - and then I'm hoping to do the Milefortlets along the Cumbria coast, just to complete the picture. Now, I think I'm being a little naïve here. I was going to send you an e-mail with the details, but I'm sure the 'Contact this user' facility has disappeared. I've never used it before, but I always felt happy that i knew where it was if i needed _r (talk) Though you can theoretically e-mail me using the function on my user page, I have tried multiple times to confirm it and have no idea how I've been doing it wrong. So it current doesn't work, but I can try to re-confirm it tonight. Are you sure you want to e-mail people, or could all the information be put in some common userspace? ALI nom nom No problem either way. It was really just to say that we've been using as a basis, and supplementing with (primarily) the latest Handbook to the Roman Wall. I also have a copy of 'Hadrian's Wall', which is less specific. Here's where the e-mail comes in - I'm happy to scan any relevant pages and send them to you. Perhaps you could have a crack at MC80 some time and work your way back? Thanks for the offer of help - anything you can do is a bonus. By the way, don't trust pastscape absolutely. It's not bad, but sometimes you get the impression that it was written by someone who was weary of the research and wasn't always as thorough as they could have been. That's not to knock it. 99% of the time it's truly top notch-Sammy_r (talk) :Yay, good to know, thanks. And e-mail is working now. ALI nom nom == Turrets == Do you think there is benefit in creating redirects for the turrets, e.g. ? By the way, I got your email and will be replying soon! — Martin (MSGJ · talk) I haven't got an axe to grind either way at the moment. The thinking was initially to accomodate the Leahill Turret article (which already existed). And I thought similar things could be done for the other three significant turrets (Denton, Brunton and Peel Gap.) Since then, Dumelow has done some sterling work on Milecastle 7, and incorporated some good stuff on Denton Turret (I only found this last night, after I sent an e-mail to you), and so probably no longer worth a page on its own. He has also added Peel Gap Tower as an 'other' structure on the Template (archaeologically, I can't argue against it) and so that probably does rate its own page. At the end of the day, all the information is present and accessible so . . . . comments welcome.-Sammy_r (talk) == Pike Hill Signal Tower == Hi Sam. Thanks for taking a look over the Pike Hill Signal Tower article! Just a quick point: I was just wondering whether the large Roman Military History template on the right hand side was really applicable to this page? It seems to me that 'banner' articles such as Hadrian's Wall should carry the template, but that perhaps it is a bit overbearing on the smaller sub-articles which essentially cascade down from the 'banner' article? If it was collapsible that would be ok but I think with it being so large it almost overwhelms the rest of the article! Let me know your thoughts. I'll also try and get around to looking at the Milecastle articles but unfortunately my work here is slow and somewhat erratic! Thanks again. Nick Ottery (talk) I do see your point. I put it on the milecastle template not to add value, but for visual reasons (to try and make them look 'longer' - I have a wide screen, and shorter articles tend to look very wide and short without something to squeeze them up.) Seriously, from my point of view, feel free to be rid of it - I know it's not a very 'Wiki' thing to say, but I see it as 'your' article. And thanks for the offer of help. I know what it's like. I've only recently come to Wikipedia and there's so many articles I want to write, on top of never having time to do what I needed to do in 'real' life.-Sammy_r (talk) Thanks for the quick response. I can also see where you are coming from but I think that for the moment I'll remove it from the article and drop a quick note on the talk page. It looks like you are doing a brilliant job with the Milecastle articles - I'll try and help out when and where I can! Thanks. Nick Ottery (talk) == Adoption == Greetings , I see you're up for adoption, and I'm in the market. If ever you need advice or answers, just ask me ==DYK for Milecastle 9== — Rlevse • Talk • == Images == If we had not deleted 1. South Shields for incorrect licence, we would have deleted it as a blatant copyright violation from the OS. Maps are accessed via the or templates, we do not normally upload them. Uploading Downhill Quarry (disused).jpg was perfectly legal, but you should have uploaded it to the Commons, preferably using Magnus' tool. — RHaworth  Apologies - South Shields map was uploaded in error, and once uploaded, I had no idea how to delete it. It seemed that it was going to be deleted anyway, so I let nature take its course. I have uploaded several pictures from by merely (I thought) following their instructions. I've never heard of Magnus' Tool, but I'll certainly have a look at it if it makes life easier. Cheers. Sammy_r (talk) == November 2010 == Welcome to Wikipedia. It might not have been your intention, but your recent edit removed maintenance templates from Gladiatrix (novel). When removing maintenance templates, please be sure to either resolve the problem that the template refers to, or give a valid reason for the removal in the edit summary. If this was a mistake, don't worry, as your removal of this template has been reverted. Take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia, and if you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Top Jim (talk) ==Proposed deletion of Gladiatrix (novel)== The article Gladiatrix (novel) has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern: No indication of notability per Notability (books), unreferenced, no significant coverage of book online from Reliable sources. While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons. You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page. Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Top Jim (talk) == Nomination of Gladiatrix (novel) for deletion == A discussion has begun about whether the article Gladiatrix (novel), which you created or to which you contributed, should be deleted. While contributions are welcome, an article may be deleted if it is inconsistent with Wikipedia policies and guidelines for inclusion, explained in the deletion policy. The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Gladiatrix (novel) until a consensus is reached, and you are welcome to contribute to the discussion. You may edit the article during the discussion, including to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Top Jim (talk) ==Orphaned non-free image File:Gladiatrix Front == Thanks for uploading Gladiatrix Front . The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media). If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of "file" pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Skier Dude (talk == Milecastle 18 == Hey Sam, glad to see you are back and editing Hadrian's Wall articles again. I have also been taking a bit of a break but was taking a look through my old sandboxes earlier today (and making some new articles) and came across one I was working on for MC18 (here). I then noticed you were posting some more milecastles and that you had started on MC18. If you like I will take a look at this one later today and try to post something up from my sandbox (as I already have much of the research in there). Hope that helps - Dumelow (talk) Hey Rob (was it Rob? Can't remember. Sorry). Yes, I got bogged down in MC26, and never seemed to recover. I don't know why, but I felt motivated to start again. Yes, please do MC18 (and MC19 if you get the chance). I'm going to plough on with 28 etc., until I feel demotivated again. Cheers and have a good _r (talk) Yeah, it was Rob. I have been fairly inactive recently due to work etc. but am starting to get a bit more time for editing again. I will finish 18 and then take a look at 19 & 20 over the next couple of weeks (hopefully!) and then maybe attack the rest of the list. Nice to speak with you again - Dumelow (talk) And 20, yes please. If you need any scans of the Handbook to the Roman Wall, let me know. Nice to speak with you _r (talk) ==Disambiguation link notification== Hi. In your recent article edits, you've added some links pointing to disambiguation pages. Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ Join us at the DPL WikiProject. Milecastle 29 (check to confirm | fix with Dab solver) added links pointing to Constantine and John Horsley Milecastle 27 (check to confirm | fix with Dab solver) added a link pointing to Principia It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk) == DYK nomination of Limestone Corner == Hello. Another editor nominated Limestone Corner for DYK, and I just reviewed the nomination. It appears to meet almost all DYK criteria, but the few concerns I noted probably can be addressed only by you, not by the editor who nominated the article, so I'm leaving this message to let you know about it. Please comment at the nomination page when you can. SJ Morg (talk) ==DYK for Limestone Corner== Casliber (talk · contribs) ==Disambiguation link notification for March 20== Hi. When you recently edited Milecastle 34, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Mortar (check to confirm | fix with Dab solver). Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ Join us at the DPL WikiProject. It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk) ==Disambiguation link notification for April 30== Hi. When you recently edited Turret (Hadrian's Wall), you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Mortar (check to confirm | fix with Dab solver). Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ Join us at the DPL WikiProject. It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk) ==Old user drafts== Hi, if you have finished with Roman visitor sites in the UK, please tag it with . In fact, please have a look through and do the same with any other stale drafts. – Fayenatic London == ArbCom elections are now open! == Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. 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Sam.roebuck

{| |} Stridsbåt 90 H(alv) (Strb 90 H, literally: Combat Boat 90 Half; the 90 refers to the year of acceptance and Half refers to the fact that it can carry and deploy a half platoon of amphibious infantry (18 men) fully equipped) is a class of fast military assault craft originally developed for the Swedish Navy by Dockstavarvet. In addition to the many variants in service with the Swedish Navy under the "Stridsbåt 90H" designation, the CB 90 has been adopted by the navies of several countries, including Norway (as the S90N), Greece, Mexico (as the CB 90 HMN), the United States (as the Riverine Command Boat) and Malaysia. Additionally, the German Navy plans to equip the Berlin-class replenishment ships with the CB90. The CB90 is an exceptionally fast and agile boat that can execute extremely sharp turns at high speed, decelerate from top speed to a full stop in 2.5 boat lengths, and adjust both its pitch and roll angle while under way. Its light weight, shallow draught, and twin water jets allow it to operate at speeds of up to in shallow coastal waters. The water jets are partially ducted, which, along with underwater control surfaces similar to a submarine's diving planes, gives the CB90 its manoeuvrability. == History == In 1988, Dockstavarvet won a competition to design and manufacture a replacement for the aging Tpbs 200 class. Two prototypes, with pennant number 801 and 802, were delivered in 1989. After completion of field trials, the Swedish Navy signed a purchase order for 120 boats in June 1990. In 2002, the Swedish Navy ordered an additional 27 boats of a slightly different type, designated Stridsbåt 90 HS - where S refers to Skydd (protected) as the Strb 90 HS is armoured and features CBRN protection (the whole boat can be over-pressurized) - intended for use in international peace-keeping operations. Apart from the addition of armour, it sports air-conditioning for deployment in tropical conditions, fuel cooling system, 220 V generator and more powerful engines. The manufacturer sometimes refers to the model as the CB 90 HI, where the I probably stands for International. Several of the tasks carried out by the Strb 90 H-variants, were originally intended for the Strb 90 E, which is now almost completely phased out. The Royal Norwegian Navy evaluated the Strb 90 H in early 1996, and subsequently purchased a total of 20 boats, designated 90 N (for Norsk utgave, literally Norwegian version). The Mexican Navy acquired 40 units (designated CB 90 HMN) between 1999 and 2001, and obtained a production license in 2002, allowing further units to be manufactured in Mexico. Since then eight additional units have been built. The German Water Police rented a Combat Boat 90H from the manufacturer Dockstavarvet for the 33rd G8 summit in Heiligendamm, Germany. This boat was involved in a high-speed chase with three Greenpeace RIBs which were trying to enter the restricted area near the hotel where the meeting was being held. A video clip of the incident was later widely spread around the internet. In July 2007 The United States Navy Expeditionary Combat Command (NECC) specified the CB90 for testing as its Riverine Command Boat. Safeboat International of Port Orchard, Washington, was given a US$2.8 million contract to produce one prototype. In June 2009 an unknown buyer from Abu Dhabi bought two civilian luxury versions. In 2010, Dockstavarvet Shipyard modified two CB90's to be carried in the davits of Dutch and UK Navy Landing Platform Docks. During these six months trials, the two boats and a full Swedish boat squadron were embarked on a Royal Netherlands Navy LPD as a fully integrated element of the amphibious forces aboard and successfully deployed. In 2013 JSC Pella Shipyard near St Petersburg launched the first Russian built Project 03160 "Raptor", but while the ships are strikingly similar there is no indication Dockstavarvet has been involved or licensed the design to Pella. == Versions == Several Strb 90 H have been converted by the Swedish Navy to fill various roles: The Strb 90 L is outfitted for battalion-level command and control, with computer and communications equipment and an auxiliary generator to provide electrical power when the engines are not running. The L stands for ledning (command or leadership). The Strb 90 KompL is a plain Strb 90 H in which portable computer and communications equipment has been installed, allowing it to temporarily provide company-level command and control. Electrical power is provided by a rather loud portable generator installed on deck. The Strb 90 HS is designed for overseas peace-keeping and rescue operations. It is modified to keep its crew comfortable in Mediterranean conditions, with air conditioning, an auxiliary generator, a , and more comfortable crew stations. More importantly, it is armored, and its engines have been upgraded to compensate for the added weight. At least one Strb 90 H, pennant number 802, is equipped with a decompression chamber. The Swedish Police operate one unarmed Strb 90 H equipped with bunks, a pantry and a crew lounge. The Swedish Sea Rescue Society operates two unarmed Strb 90 Hs converted for search and rescue. Hellenic Coast Guard operate also since 1998 three CB90 under the CB90HCG which is a slightly different version of the Norwegian Navy Version The Royal Norwegian Navy operates 20 CB90s under the designation SB90N; the N simply stands for Norsk utgave (Norwegian version). The S90N differs from the Strb 90 H in a few areas: It is armed with only one 12.7 mm machine gun, instead of three. The anchor winch is motorized, and the anchor is mounted at the stern, allowing a grounded S90N to tow itself afloat rather than risk damage to its impellers. It carries an auxiliary generator which provides electrical power to navigation and communications systems even when the engines are not running. The "Troops transportation room" has a higher deck height, making it possible for most people to stand without crouching. It has two water tight compartments in the bow, having an extra room for toilet and stores. It has a much more sophisticated navigation equipment based on GPS-technology delivered by Kongsberg Seatex AS. At least one S90N has been reconfigured into a floating ambulance. In 2004, the Royal Norwegian Navy conducted tests (including a live fire exercise) to evaluate the effectiveness of the SB90N as an aiming and launching platform for the Hellfire missile. One SB90N was equipped with stabilized Hellfire-launcher based on the Protector (RWS), and its machine gun was replaced with a gimbal-mounted sensor package containing visible-light and infrared cameras and a laser designator. Although the tests were successful, there is currently no indication that the Royal Norwegian Navy will actually deploy SB90Ns armed with Hellfire missiles in regular service. The Hellfire can still be carried on the boats without launching platforms and be fired from shore with the Portable Ground Launch System. == Incidents and accidents involving CB90s == In mid-1999, one CB90 (No. 820) belonging to the 2nd Coastal Artillery Regiment (KA2) of the Swedish Navy crashed into a concrete pier at approximately . There were eight soldiers on board; seven of these men sustained more or less severe injuries, including fractures, while one soldier who remained physically unhurt was standing in the machine gun ring-mount on mid-deck. On June 13, 2004, several Strb 90 H from the Swedish Navy's first amphibious regiment (AMF1) were sailing at high speed in convoy formation when one of them abruptly reduced speed (allegedly so its wake would not upset a smaller sailboat). The boat immediately behind it failed to react and rammed it. Two soldiers who were above deck at the time of the accident were hit and thrown in the water; both were killed almost instantly. On the night of October 23, 2006, a CB90 sank off of Hamnudden, east of Utö in the Stockholm archipelago. The boat was traveling at due to the bad weather when it suddenly began to take on water from the bow. It then sank in less than ten minutes. All of the crew of 16 were quickly picked up by other ships that were nearby. No one was physically injured, but the crew suffered from shock and hypothermia when picked up. On October 5, 2014, a Royal Malaysian Navy CB90 bearing registration number CB204 was reported lost at sea due to storm and high tides. There were seven crewmen on board. The boat was last detected at 1.05pm some 57 nautical miles off Labuan Island. The boat was found on October 6 near Station Lima, after its distress call was heard by KD Paus, a Jerung-class gunboat, with no injuries to all 7 crew. It was reportedly caused by engine and steering problems. On January 12, 2016, two U.S. Navy riverine command boats were “taken into custody” by Iran's Revolutionary Guards' Navy near Farsi island in Persian Gulf. An Iranian state-run news outlet reported that 10 U.S. sailors had been “arrested” even though Iranian and U.S. officials said that none of the sailors were harmed and that they would be released promptly. Officials have stated that one of the boats broke down very close to Iranian territorial waters and after drifting for a short time both were picked up by Iranian forces. According to "Stars and Stripes" newspaper, the crews were released a short time later. == Operators == Hellenic Coast Guard: 3 Malaysian Navy: 5 unit CB90, 12 unit CB90HEX Mexican Navy: 48 Royal Norwegian Navy: 20 Royal Swedish Navy: 147 in service, 18 on order Royal Navy: 4, formerly leased from the Royal Swedish Navy, used to evaluate the option of potential acquisition and returned to the Swedish Navy. US Navy: 6, known as 'Riverine Command Boat' == Related development == Storebro SB90E Combat Boat 2010 ==See also== G class landing craft Uisko class landing craft Jurmo class landing craft Jehu-class landing craft Multi-purpose Attack Craft Project 03160 "Raptor" High-Speed Patrol Boat Cotecmar LPR-40 X12 high speed patrol boat Centaur-class fast assault craft == References == Stridsbåt 90H at , an unofficial site dedicated to information about Swedish military materiel. Et fremtidsrettet prosjekt, an article about the Hellfire experiment on the official web site of the Norwegian military. A series of pictures of a Norwegian S90N == External links == Video of CB90 in action on the Amazon River (Windows Media Player) Note: Commercial video, but shows the boat’s capabilities. (YouTube) CB 90 Hellfire Trials. SoldF about Strb 90H, in Swedish Gunboat classes Ships of the Swedish Navy Active ships of Sweden Patrol vessels of the Royal Norwegian Navy Patrol vessels of the Hellenic Coast Guard Riverine warfare Military boats Landing craft

CB90-class fast assault craft

Mihae Lee is an American pianist of South Korean birth. Born in Seoul, Lee won the Korean National Music Competition which led to her professional solo debut at the age of fourteen with the Korean National Orchestra. In 1976, she moved to the United States to study at the Juilliard School on a scholarship to their pre-college program. She went on to further studies at Juilliard under Martin Canin, earning both a bachelor's and master's degrees in piano performance. She also holds an Artist Diploma from the New England Conservatory where she studied with Russell Sherman. While studying at Juilliard, Lee won awards including the Juilliard Concerto Competition and First Prize at the Kosciuszko Foundation Chopin Competition. She has since gone on to have an active international career both as a soloist and as a chamber musician. She has performed as a soloist with the Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin and the Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra in addition to guest appearances with orchestras in the United States, Europe, and Asia. She also has given recitals at Lincoln Center, Jordan Hall, Carnegie Hall and other venues. Lee is perhaps best known for her work as a chamber musician. She has been a member of the Boston Chamber Music Society since 1987 and founded the Triton Horn Trio along with violinist Ani Kavafian and her current husband French hornist William Purvis. Lee was previously married to cellist Ronald Thomas with whom she has a daughter, Lili. ==Sources== Artist's biography, Bridge Records American classical pianists American women classical pianists South Korean classical pianists South Korean women pianists People from Seoul Living people 21st-century classical pianists 21st-century American women musicians 21st-century American pianists Year of birth missing (living people)

Mihae Lee

== April 2010 == Welcome and thank you for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test on the page Software testing worked, and it has been reverted or removed. Please take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. If you would like to experiment further, please use the sandbox instead. Thank you. Walter Görlitz (talk) If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

117.207.68.222

==Comment== There appears to be no reference to the the main competitor for this bid, National Grid Wireless, and in particular that this rival bid proposes to include two Channel 4 services under its proposal - Also you seem to be confused between this consortium created for the sake of this bid, and 4Radio itself, or at least I assume you do given that you have you have removed all reference to 4Radio from the Channel 4 article and replaced it with a link to this page, which I will revert in the absence of a 4Radio article. Oh, and I'd probably get some references in the article somewhere too. == Tone, balance and appropriateness of this article == Upon further reading, I have grave reservations about this article: The tone is very concerning; the whole thing sounds like it has been entirely lifted from Channel 4's press office, and is singing the consortium's praises at every single opportunity. The language lacks objectiveness and balance, and is in no way critical or objective about the intentions about the bid. Rather than being an encyclopaedic account of a DAB licence bid, it instead comes across as the sales pitch for the bid itself, singing the praises of everything the consortium sets out to do in practically every paragraph. No reference whatsoever is made to the alternative bid (or bids), the principle competitor being that of National Grid Wireless, for which a counter-article appears not even to exist. In the interests of objectiveness, one would assume that a balanced comparison between the intentions and objectives of both applications would be vital in any account of this matter. Finally, the above points are compounded by the fact that no references or sources are cited in the composition of this piece. I therefore propose that this article be either deleted, or moved to something along the lines of "UK Commercial DAB Application" and be significantly modified to contain a description of the licensing process itself, alongside objective details of all intended bids. I shall research this matter further, and go through the appropriate proposal process for this to happen shortly. Yeah, it's largley from information supplied by Channel 4, I thought I would get the information in here (it's edited and wiki'd already) and sort out the POV when I had some time. I can't see any reason to move it to "UK Commercial DAB Application", it's a consortium in it's own right. ••Briantist•• talk I've got rid of most of the marking waffle, tried to keep the core information. ••Briantist•• talk There does not have to be an individual Wikipedia article for every discrete subject in the universe! Yes, it's a consortium in its own right, but the overall process is of more interest as an on-going event than a mere aspect of the process, which is all an article about one of the applying consortia amounts to. If you make a 4 Digital Group article, then that means there ought to be an article concerning the National Grid Wireless application, and an article about the application process in itself. One of the applicants is going to fail, which means that straight away one of the articles then becomes redundant. Furthermore I see little reason why there ought to be three articles on what is effectively one subject. I therefore propose that this article be moved to UK DAB National Licence and expanded to include the entire application process ==Requested move== The following discussion is an archived discussion of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section. I am requesting the following move for the reasons explained above. An article about the whole licensing application has more relevance than an article about one aspect of it, namely one of the consortia making a bid. There is not enough information and too much overlap to justify multiple articles in this instance. The choice of name and choice of capitalisation cones from the application page on the Ofcom website. Move request added to RM. I disagree with the move, if you want to make the other page and link it to the two bidding consortiums you can. ••Briantist•• talk "UK DAB National Licence" is unencylopedic and could refer to the two existing ones also, and is singular when there is three of them. ••Briantist•• talk What would you suggest? UK DAB National Radio multiplex licence application would be more verbose by refer to the application process, nonetheless. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Fursday (talk • contribs) . Support a move as a method of reducing the POV and advertising in this article and also to provide a greater degree of notability - if C4 don't win, this article will need to be deleted (not good for an encyclopedia; we're not Wikinews), whereas an article about the licencing process and the winner and loser would stand the test of time.   REDVERS ↔ SЯEVDEЯ  Oppose. Simple "UK DAB National Radio multiplex licence application" is unencylopeidic, whereas this current page refers to a company that actually exists. ••Briantist•• talk Oppose, but... - although I agree that there should be some coverage of the licensing application process for DAB, I don't think it has been done in the right way. I agree with Fursday's concerns with the 4 Digital Group article and the fact that no mention has been made anywhere of the National Grid Wireless application, which cause me concerns of NPOV violation for a start. I think the best solution would not be to move this article anywhere (rather, it should be deleted), but to mention anything about the DAB licence application process as well as a background of the development and history of DAB in the UK in a specific article, like there is for Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom, where multiple reliable sources are attainable. I wouldn't agree with a separate article on the "UK DAB National Radio multiplex licence application", because it wouldn't be notable enough or have enough reliable sources from independent sources in my view to warrant inclusion. My other concern is the lack of sources aside from the 4 Digital Group application, which help to assert notability to the inclusion of an article in Wikipedia. At the moment, I believe that there isn't enough to meet notability guidelines for Wikipedia. I am considering a proposed deletion for this article, but will wait for discussion on this issue to finish beforehand. That's a bloody good point. Why am I proposing an article on this tendering process when there isn't even a UK Digital Radio article? I am inclined to support a deletion proposal, with the provision that such an article be created to cover various aspects of UK Digital Radio, though I too will wait for further discussion on this matter. On an aside, I propose that such a new article be something along the lines of "Digital Radio in the United Kingdom", rather than being specifically about 'DAB', this way we can 'future-proof' ourselves against certain developments in this field, such as DRM which is already being trialled. I agree entirely with your comments and believe that there isn't anywhere near enough coverage of digital radio (good point on other technology aside from DAB in the UK) in Wikipedia that could be placed in an article like the UK DTT article has done successfully. There is a bit about DAB in the UK at Digital Audio Broadcasting#United Kingdom with a good few citations that could be expanded into a new article along with the expansion of radio on digital satellite, terrestrial and cable as well as DRM. There is an article on FM broadcasting in the UK (FM broadcasting in the UK) but it is an extreme stub that needs a lot of work to do. As well as this, there is also a Radio in the United Kingdom article, but again, it needs expanding, for example, a lot of the history of the BBC and commercial radio is missing completely (this would cover analogue radio in the UK's development up until the launch of digital radio services) as well the development of Independent Local Radio, the different authorities which oversaw commercial radio, international frequency changes which affected the BBC and stations on medium wave (on November 23, 1978), the trials of DRM/DAB+ in the UK and I could probably go on all night at what is missing. There is a lot of work to do that will need the expertise of a few Wikipedians to do and probably a weekend too, but I think the development and current implementation of "Digital radio in the United Kingdom" as well as expansion/merge of the existing articles as I stated above would be a welcome addition to Wikipedia, where hopefully the effort and work which has gone into the UK television articles can be repeated for UK radio articles. And, for what I must also add, the idea of a UK radio stations WikiProject/task force could cover (but doesn't exist at the moment). I started a skeleton template of the proposed article, alongside a proposed article for the history of radio in the United Kingdom on this page: Tghe-retford/Sandbox 2. It is basic, but it gives a good idea as to how the articles could be spread out. Feel free to edit it or improve it or even turn them into fully fledged articles in their own right! The lack of an article about digital radio in the UK doesn't really mean this article need moving.  BRIANTIST  (talk) I still think, however, articles on the history of British radio and digital radio in the United Kingdom would be a good addition to Wikipedia. The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section. It was requested that this article be renamed but there was no consensus for it be moved. Unfortunately, this request was removed from RM, apparently by accident, which is why the request has remained open for so long. ==Fair use rationale for Image:Digital+group+== Digital+group+ is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page. If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. BetacommandBot == Completely out of date? == Doesn't this and associated articles need a complete rewrite to note that none of this ever happened? Not so much a complete re-write, as a short note to explain the outcome, and the text to be placed into the past tense. DONE Personally, I would have limited it to the first two paragraphs as the rest, was all speculative. == External links modified == Hello fellow Wikipedians, I have just modified on 4 Digital Group. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes: Added archive to When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ). Cheers.—InternetArchiveBot (Report bug)

4 Digital Group

Notrium is a survival top-down view video game for PC/Microsoft Windows, developed by independent Finnish programmer Ville Mönkkönen. Released as freeware in 2003, later also the source code was released under a custom license. It won second place in the "Adventure Game of the Year" contest on GameTunnel. In 2015 a "Notrium Special Surprise Edition" was released commercially by the author in the digital distribution. ==Setting== ===Location=== The game takes place on the fictional eponymous planet, Notrium. The game world is divided into large squares, each of which has its own separate environment and set of objectives. The player may move between squares at will to reach the other areas, though some are only accessible via methods such as boarding certain vehicles or using teleportation. Environments range from jungle terrain, to desert, to tundra, all of which are affected by a day-night cycle, except for interior levels which are artificially lit. The game's graphics, aside from certain plot-related areas, are all randomly generated at the beginning of the game. Random generation affects the precise location of items and vegetation, though most objects and all scenery will remain in their environment square, the placement of which in relation to others is a set constant. For example, tree placement in the Jungle zone changes each time a new game is begun, but the start location will not, and the Jungle zone stays adjacent to the same areas. ===Backstory=== The general plot of the game is that a starship, the Var' Equinalin, is exploring the Hive sector, when it approaches the titular planet Notrium, and is attacked by ground-launched missiles. The player's character (either the human captain, the android engineer, the psionic medic, or the alien stowaway) manages to reach the only working escape pod (the others having been sabotaged by the alien) and crash-lands on the planet's surface. From there, they must find a way to survive, as well as a method of escape. Varying on whichever character is being played, 'journal entries', which appear every day-night cycle for the first in-game fortnight, detail different happenings. For example, the journal of the Human tells that he was the captain of the ship, and details his experience on board the spacecraft; while the journal of the Android states that he was the ship's mechanic and goes into his point of view over the same proceedings. Other plot points outside of journal entries are triggered by entering certain locales, or completing an objective. Notrium has several endings, which differ depending on what character the player has chosen to use. Some endings are exclusive to certain characters, while others can be achieved by more than one. ==Gameplay== Notrium is played from a top-down perspective, giving an overhead view of proceedings. The player may move in all directions while facing in a separate one, similar to the way a first-person shooter is controlled, and similar to the shareware PC shooter Crimsonland. During the course of the game, the player encounters various items and objects strewn across the terrain, such as edible plants, weapons, and other machinery. As most needed materials, such as a protective force field, are not found intact, the player is required to build them out of two or three separate pieces. Most useful machinery in the game is constructed in this manner. Gameplay revolves around harvesting needed materials to build, defend oneself against enemies, and ultimately achieving one of the game's endings. Depending on the character chosen, the game is played differently. Most characters begin with a weak attack, and no weaponry, yielding them quite vulnerable to the various enemies. The Alien begins with a powerful attack and evolves more abilities over time, though it cannot use weapons, so an Alien player tends to be more aggressive, taking advantage of the more difficult endings which would take longer for other characters to achieve. In contrast, the Human is weaker, and a Human player will take time to build up a heavy arsenal of weaponry and armor before attempting action. In-game weather also plays a large part in the game. On difficulty settings above 'easy', the player's character is affected by the elements, especially heat and cold. Standing near a fire or in the shade of a tree will counteract these two, and later in the game the player is able to construct an armor which decreases the effects of weather. In some areas of the game, weather is more extreme; the location undergoing sand storms, blizzards, or acid rain. ===Mods=== Notrium is designed to be highly moddable, and a guide to modifying is provided for download on Ville's website. When the player begins a new game, they are able to choose the mod they want to play, provided that additional mods have been downloaded and placed in the correct place in the main Notrium folder on the player's PC desktop. Mods can have a variety of different effects, such as adding new items and objectives, altering or creating new environments, or even adding a completely new character for play in the case of the popular "Werivar" mod. == History == Notrium was developed by independent Finnish programmer Ville Mönkkönen and released in 2003. It is the seventh game by Mönkkönen, but only the fifth to be released fully in English. Notrium's source code was released by the developer after 2003 under a custom open-source like software license. It is developed as OpenNotrium on GitHub by the community, with new code being GPLv3. Following that, the game was ported to many other platforms (Linux etc.), also mobile devices like the Pandora. On Dec 8, 2015 a "Notrium Special Surprise Edition" was released commercially by the author in the digital distribution adding some improvements. == Reception == The game won second place in the "Adventure Game of the Year" contest on GameTunnel. In a 2014 retrospective, Rock, Paper, Shotgun noted Notrium as one of the early procedural generated survival games. ==References== ==External links== Official Notrium web page Indie video games Video games developed in Finland 2003 video games Linux games Survival video games Open-source video games Freeware games Video games with available source code Windows games

Notrium

This article was nominated for deletion on 3/2/2006. The result of the discussion was .

Martial Ballet

== External links modified == Hello fellow Wikipedians, I have just added archive links to on Robert Gibb (poet). Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes: Added archive to When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ). Cheers.—cyberbot IITalk to my owner:Online

Robert Gibb (poet)

{| |} RFA Diligence was a forward repair ship of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary. Launched in 1981 as a support ship for North Sea oil rigs, she was chartered by the British government to support naval activities during the 1982 Falklands War and was later bought outright as a fleet maintenance vessel. She gave assistance to the damaged and in the 1991 Gulf War, and to Sri Lanka after the 2005 tsunami. She typically has deployments of 5-8 years in support of the Trafalgar-class submarine on duty east of Suez, with a secondary role as a mothership for British and US minesweepers in the Persian Gulf. Until 2016 Diligence was set to go out of service in 2020. In August 2016, the UK Ministry of Defence placed an advert for the sale of RFA Diligence. The option for the delivery of future operational maintenance and repair capability for the RFA remain under consideration. ==Facilities== Diligence is designed to provide forward repair and maintenance facilities to ships and submarines operating away from their home ports, so in addition to a variety of workshops she can also provide overside electrical supplies, fuel, water and sullage reception. Diligence provides a large workshop facility for Royal Navy vessels, this is equipped with specialist machinery such as arc welding equipment, lathes, pillar drills, grinders, band saws and a large store of spares. Diligence is the Royal Navy's primary battle damage repair unit, and is on short notice to react to developing situations worldwide. One of the key features of the ship's design is the dynamic positioning system which can keep the vessel static in poor conditions, using the ship's range of thrusters and the variable-pitch propeller. The ship has a helicopter deck on the roof of her bridge that is large enough to support a CH-47 Chinook. The hull is built to the highest ice class specification, which allows her to navigate polar regions without the assistance of an icebreaker. ==Launch and the Falklands War== Diligence was built by Öresundsvarvet in Landskrona, Sweden and launched in 1981 as a civilian oil rig support ship. She first served the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA) immediately after the Falklands War as a civilian owned ship taken up from the trade (STUFT). As MV Stena Inspector, the ship repaired many British vessels. Stena Inspector was purchased by the Government in 1983 for £25 million from Stena Offshore UK and renamed Diligence. She was sailed to the Clyde Dock Engineering facility, where she was converted and military features added, including a large workshop for hull and machinery repairs, supply facilities, accommodation, armaments and magazines and communications fits. Her Sister Ship, Stena Seaspread had previously been a STUFT ship during the Falklands War. ==Later history== Diligence has provided damage repair work many times during its lifetime. At the end of the Iran–Iraq War, the Straits of Hormuz were mined, and Diligence supported the multinational minesweeping operation to clear that vital chokepoint. Diligence also helped to repair after collision damage. The ship returned to the Persian Gulf in 1990 to support operations during the Gulf War by repairing, among others, two American ships damaged by mines. In 1995, according to British reports, Diligence was confronted and illuminated by the radar of the Argentine corvette , which was harassing shipping near the Falklands. During Operation Ocean Wave 97, Diligence deployed to the Far East as a submarine support ship. The following year, the ship supported 3rd Mine Counter-Measures Squadron in the Persian Gulf. Following just two weeks in the UK, Diligence departed for the south Atlantic, returning to Faslane in December 1998. Early 1999 saw the ship again deployed to the Falklands region. 2001 saw a large exercise in Oman, and Diligence supported the four MCMVs involved. The ship's next wartime assignment came with the large taskforce deployed against Iraq in 2003. Returning to familiar territory, Diligence supported the largest British fleet deployed since the Falklands War. When the ship returned to UK in November 2006 she had the longest deployment of an RFA in recent times. From her departure from Portsmouth it was 5 and half years before she returned home to Portsmouth. In that time she has visited 25 different countries whilst steaming some , through the Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf, across the Indian Ocean to India, Sri Lanka and Singapore, the South China Sea to the Philippines and from South Africa across the Atlantic to the Falklands and South America. Many of these Oceans and countries visited 2 or 3 times. All this work took its toll on the 25-year-old ship, and the ship was given a £16 million overhaul during 2007 at Northwestern Shiprepairers and Shipbuilders in Birkenhead. Her accommodation areas, galley and engine room were all upgraded, with the intention of extending the ship's service life until the middle of the next decade. The overhaul was completed in December 2007. A £17.6m refit was carried out from June 2012 to February 2013 ahead of a deployment to the Mediterranean and Gulf region in support of the COUGAR 13 task group. An £11m refit followed from September 2014 to February 2015, after which she was laid up at the Cammell Laird shipyard in Birkenhead. ===Disposal=== In June 2016 the Royal Navy decided to retire the ship immediately instead of in 2020 as had previously been planned as a cost-saving measure. A Royal Navy spokesman told IHS Jane's that Diligence was considered to be "an aged singleton ship with increasing obsolescence issues", and that it was no longer cost-effective to maintain her in service. At this time no replacement for the ship had been identified. In March 2017, Diligence was towed from Birkenhead to Portsmouth. ==References== ==External links== RFA Diligence on the official Royal Navy website RFA Diligence A132 Videoed From MV Pont Aven Plymouth 9 April 2010 1981 ships Ships built in Landskrona Ships of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary Falklands War naval ships of the United Kingdom Gulf War ships of the United Kingdom

RFA Diligence (A132)

Flora and fauna of Goa

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24.188.190.77

== Mechanism == Electrons that in different contributing structures are shared by different atoms (different bondings) can be delocalized in several ways: Between single and multiple (e.g. double) bonds, as in conjugated systems Delocalized electrons involved in resonance flow between intramolecular atoms. It occurs in conjugated systems and in zwitterions. Electrons can flow between: double bonds and adjacent single bonds, as in p-orbitals zwitterion/carbene resonance image Cd(II) isoindoline zwitterion coordination compound Tertiary carbocations Contributing structures may be molecules or ions. == Occurrence == Strong acids, Aromaticity == Bond lengths == Comparing the two contributing structures of benzene, all single and double bonds are exchanged. Bond lengths can be measured, for example with X-ray diffraction. The normal length of a C-C single bond is average 154 pm. That of a C=C double bond 133 pm and of a C≡C triple bond 120 pm. In both structures the carbon-carbon bonds should be alternating 154 and 133 pm. Instead, all carbon-carbon bonds are found to be about 139 pm, a bond length somewhere between single and double bond. This phenomenon of change of bond length is typical for all compounds in which bonds have a different bond order in different contributing structures. == Resonance in quantum mechanics == == Wavefunctions == In quantum mechanics, each contributing structure (which is a Lewis structure) is described by a certain wave function. Resonance means that the wavefunction of the compound is represented by 'mixing' the wavefunctions of the contributing structures. The linear combination of the wavefunctions of all contributing structures results in the wave function of the real structure, the resonance hybrid. Characteristic for resonance hybrids, however, is that the total amount of energy present in the compound is lower than it actually could be expected. The difference in energy between the resonance hybrid and the contributing structure with the lowest energy is called the resonance energy. Because this makes the resonance hybrid more stable than each of the contributing structures, it is said to be stabilized by resonance or resonance stabilised. Origine: Linus Pauling The nature of the chemical bond. 1939, p.12 == gallery == {| |1  ||− − − − |- |2  || − − − − |} {| |1  ||−=−=−=−= |- |2  ||=−=−=−=− |} {| |    ||≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡ |} In chemistry, resonance or mesomerism is the appearance of delocalized electrons within a compound, giving a structure that cannot be expressed by one single Lewis formula. A molecule with such delocalized electrons is represented by several contributing structures (also called resonance structures or canonical forms). Each contributing structure is reflected by a Lewis structure with a single, double or triple covalent bond between every pair of adjacent atoms within the molecule. Contributing structures are theoretical possibilities that do not exist in reality, but are used to predict the real molecular structure, which is an intermediate between the canonical forms. This intermediate form is called resonance hybrid. Resonance is a key component of valence bond theory, which uses the concept of contributing structures in the mathematical description of a molecule. Resonance is distinguished from tautomerism, which involves formation and rupture of covalent bonds and thus implies alternating isomers. == Characteristics of resonance == Compounds with a resonance structure, also called mesomerism, have the following basic characteristics: They can be represented by several correct Lewis formula, called "contributing structures", "resonance structures" or "canonical forms". Each Lewis formula must have the same number of electrons (and thus the same total charge) as well as the same number of unpaired electrons, if any. The contributing structures are not isomers. When transforming from one Lewis structure into another one, no sigma bonds are broken. Only pi bonds differ. If the bond lengths are measured, for example with NMR spectroscopy, no single and multiple bonds can be distinct. All bonds appear to have the same bond length, somewhere between single bond and multiple bond length. The real structure has a lower total of energy than each of the contributing structures would have. This means that it is more stable than each separate contributing structure would be. Bond lengths can be measured for example with NMR spectroscopy. Or from X-ray crystallographic data, by analysing X-ray diffraction patterns : == Use of contributing structures == In Lewis formula, covalent bonds are represented in accordance with the valence bond theory. Every single covalent bond is made by two valence electrons, localized between the two bonded atoms. Every double bond has additionally two localized π electrons, triple bonds have four additional π electrons between the bonded atoms. In compounds that have a mixture of one or more single and multiple bonds, often the exact position of the respective bonds in the Lewis formula cannot be indicated. The π electrons appear to be delocalized and the multiple bonds could be on different positions. In those cases the compound cannot be represented by one single Lewis formula. To solve this problem, in valence bond theory the concept of resonance is used and the compound is represented by several contributing structures, each of which showing a possible distribution of single and multiple bonds. None of the contributing structures are considered to represent the real structure since the assumed single and multiple bonds, if measured, in all cases appear to have the same length. The real structure is an intermediate form which is called the "resonance hybrid". The molecular orbital theory already includes the concept of delocalized electrons and therefore has no need of the concept of resonance. Contributing structures may be molecules or ions. In diagrams, contributing structures of a compound are typically separated by double-headed arrows (). The arrow should not to be confused with the right and left pointing equilibrium arrow (). All structures together may be enclosed in large square brackets, to indicate they picture one single compound, not different substances in a chemical equilibrium. === Major and minor contributors === One contributing structure may resemble the real compound more than another (in the sense of energy and stability). Structures with a low value of total energy are more stable than those with high values and are resembling the real structure more. The most stable contributing structures are called major contributors. Energetically unfavourable and therefore less probable structures are minor contributors. Major contributors are generally structures that obey as much as possible the octet rule (8 valence electrons around each atom rather than having deficiencies or surplus) that have a maximum number of covalent bonds that carry a minimum of charged atoms; separation of charges requires energy with negative charge on the most electronegative atoms and positive charge on the most electropositive. ==Resonance energy== Every structure is associated with a certain quantity of energy, which determines the stability of the compound (the lower energy, the greater stability). A resonance hybrid has a structure that is intermediate between the contributing structures; the total quantity of potential energy, however, is lower than the intermediate. Resonance hybrids are therefore always more stable than any of the contributing structures would be. The compound is said to be "stabilized by resonance" or "resonance stabilized". Delocalization of the π-electrons lowers the orbital energies, imparting this stability. The difference between the potential energy of the actual structure (the resonance hybrid) and that of the contributing structure with the lowest potential energy is called the "resonance energy". The higher the number of contributing structures, the more stable the compound. Those with the lowest potential energy (the major contributors) contribute most to the resonance hybrid, or the actual picture of the molecule. Especially when there are more than one major contributor, the resonance stabilization is high. The highest resonance energy is found in aromatic compounds. ===Resonance energy of benzene=== Resonance energy is the extra amount of energy, needed for breaking the resonance structure. The empirical resonance energy can be measured by means of the "[of

Wickey-nl/reso

= Comments = ==Untitled== "Umay and Eje (Ece) are rarely used female names in the Republic of Turkey." Ece is a very common female name in Turkey == We need a merger here == The other article is an obvious duplication of the same subject. The duplication must not have been noticed because the same name is spelled two different ways. Not only is this article longer, it's more than a year older than the other one. Also, since Umay is the actual spelling in modern Turkish, I really think it ought to be the article's heading, with a redirect from the other spelling. This is my first merge proposal. Did I do it right? Johanna-Hypatia (talk) Two weeks, no response, going ahead. Thanks. Johanna-Hypatia (talk) "The Turkic root umāy originally meant 'placenta, afterbirth', and this word was used as the name for the goddess whose function was to look after women and children," - the problem is, the word's origin is Mongolian, not Turkish. So, the word Umay was used long before the first Turkish tribes emerged and started to consider themselves as Turkish people. It is easily possible that the original word was the name of the godess, which was used to express the womb and placenta for the forming turkish tribes. I don't think Turkish origin of that word is possible, since tengrism emerged in Mongolia, and spread later to Turkey. 81.183.245.214 (talk) == Umay is not possibly a Turkish word == "The Turkic root umāy originally meant 'placenta, afterbirth', and this word was used as the name for the goddess whose function was to look after women and children," - the problem is, the word's origin is Mongolian, not Turkish. So, the word Umay was used long before the first Turkish tribes emerged and started to consider themselves as Turkish people. It is easily possible that the original word was the name of the godess, which was used to express the womb and placenta for the forming turkish tribes. I don't think Turkish origin of that word is possible, since tengrism emerged in Mongolia, and spread later to Turkey. 81.183.245.214 (talk)

Umay

Durio graveolens, sometimes called the red-fleshed durian, orange-fleshed durian, or yellow durian, is a species of tree in the family Malvaceae. It is one of six species of durian named by Italian naturalist Odoardo Beccari. The specific epithet graveolens ('strong smelling' or 'rank') is due to the odor. Although most species of Durio (most notably Durio dulcis) have a strong scent, the red-fleshed type of D. graveolens has a mild scent. It is native to Southeast Asia. D. graveolens is an edible durian, perhaps the most popular 'wild' species of durian, and it is sold commercially regionally. However, its congener Durio zibethinus is the typical species eaten and dominates sales worldwide. ==Names== This species should not be confused with the popular durian clones from Malaysia known as 'Red Flesh' (D164) and 'Red Prawn' (D175), as both of those belong to D. zibethinus. However, D. graveolens does have one registered variety, 'DQ2 nyekak (DK8)'. The color of the fruit's flesh denotes other varieties–an orange-fleshed, a red-fleshed one, and yellow-fleshed. These varieties may be different species, but currently there is no consensus. The yellow-fleshed kind is sometimes called durian simpor. In the scientific name Durio graveolens, graveolens means 'strong smelling', although it has been described as having a "mild" or "slight" odor or even, in a book published by the US National Research Council, as "odorless". In Malay, the fruit is called durian burong, durian burung (literally "bird durian"), durian rimba ("jungle durian"), durian kuning ("yellow durian"), durian merah ("red durian"), or durian otak udang galah ("crayfish brain durian"). In Iban, it is durian isu. The Bidayuh call it durian umot. Among the Kenyah and Dayak peoples, it is known as durian anggang ("hornbill durian"), durian ajan, pesang, tabela or ta-bela, tabelak, taula, tuala, tuwala. On Sumatra, the Batak call it tinambela. In Karo it is called meraan. In Southern Thailand, it is referred to as ทุเรียน-ริะกกะ' (). In Aceh Tamiang Regency, it can be called durian batu ("stone durian"), and elsewhere in Sumatra, it known as durian adjan. Other regional names include durian dalit (but this can apply also to Durio oxleyanus) alau, dujen, durian alau, durian daun dungoh, durian hutan ("forest durian"), durian pipit, lai bengang, merang kunyit, pasang, and tongkai. A natural hybrid of D. graveolens and D. zibethinus is called durian siunggong or durian suluk. It has the texture and flavour of the popular D. zibethinus and the burnt caramel overtones of D. graveolens. After its initial description in 1889 by Odoardo Beccari, in 1924, Dutch botanist Reinier Cornelis Bakhuizen Van Den Brink reduced it to a synonym of D. conicus. British botanist John Wyatt-Smith combined it all under D. dulcis in 1953. Indonesian botanists André Joseph Guillaume Henri Kostermans and Wertit Soegeng-Reksodihardjo separated D. graveolens back to its own species in 1958. ==Distribution== Wild D. graveolens grows in Peninsular Malaysia (states of Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Malacca, Penang, Perak, Selangor, and Terengganu), Borneo, Sumatra, Palawan, and Southern Thailand. It is cultivated in Brunei, Sarawak, Sabah, and the Northern Territory of Australia. In Brunei its popularity outshines D. zibethinus, which is not cultivated in the country. It is occasionally grown outside the tropics. In Florida, it has been seen to survive two consecutive nights at , albeit shrouded in cloth. ==Description== D. graveolens is a large tree, sharing many features with D. dulcis. It inhabits the upper canopy, growing up to tall. The trunk is in diameter and can have no branches until about high. The trunk will be smooth or flaky, grey/mauve to ruddy brown with steep buttress roots. The buttresses reach and extend out . The oblong leaves are long without the petiole (leaf stalk), and wide. They are perfectly rounded on both ends, rigid, and slightly coriaceous (leather-like in feel or texture). On the top, they are glabrous (smooth and hairless) and crisp, almost vernicose (varnished). Underneath, the leaves are copper-brown and lepidote (scaly), with large scales of up to in diameter, which are not very noticeable, at least when dry. The leaf scales are peltate (shield-shaped), ciliate-radiated (fringed), and deeply-lobed in three to five parts. In addition to the scales, long strands of stellate hairs and other trichomes of varying size form a soft tomentose (fuzzy) surface. The leaf midrib is very prominent on the underside and forms a crease on top. The leaf stipules are caducous (drop early). Leaves have 10-12 lateral veins per side (with some smaller ones intermixed), which are tiny and superficial above and more distinct, but still barely visible. The petiole is very large, long, and tumescent (swollen) from the middle up. Flowers grow on the branches on short cymes and a thin calyx. The base is sac-like with three to five connate lobes. It has white, spatulate (spoon-shaped) petals that are long. Inside are five separate bundles of staminodes and stamens, fused for less than half of their length. The anther has small clusters of four or five elongated pollen locules that open with longitudinal slits. Ovaries are ovoid to globose (roughly spherical) and possess a yellow capitate (shaped like a pinhead) stigma and white to greenish style about . The pollen is psilate (relatively smooth), spheroidal, and in diameter. The surface of the pollen includes three colporate apertures, meaning the apertures have a combined colpus (or furrow) and pore. The pollen grains are monad, and do not cluster. The fruits are up to in diameter, and weigh about . The greenish- to orange-yellow outside is densely covered with long () and thin angular-subulate spines which are straight or slightly curved, and prickly yet slightly soft. The fruit easily breaks into five fibrous-coriaceous valves (sections) with thick walls. Typically the fruit opens on the tree, but some varieties do not until they are on the ground or harvested. There are 2 bulbous or chestnut-shaped seeds per section, each completely enveloped by fleshy aril. These glossy brown seeds are . The pungent aril is the part consumed as food, though some sources note the odor is sometimes very mild. It ranges in color from light yellow to orange to lipstick red. ==Taxonomy== D. graveolens is in the core clade Palatadurio of the genus Durio. It is most closely related to Durio kutejensis. ==Ecology== D. graveolens is a tropical plant species that needs high heat and humidity. Typically, it is found on clay-rich soils in wet lowland dipterocarp forests, frequently along riverbanks and swamps. Because of its tolerance for wet habitats, it is possibly resistant to infection by the oomycete Phytophthora palmivora. It can also be found on hillsides and shale ridges up to in elevation. It is pollinated by bats. As it is one of the only species to naturally hybridize with D. zibethinus, they are thought to share a pollinator, likely the cave nectar bat (Eonycteris spelaea). Pollen from both of these durian species has been found in cave nectar bat feces, and possibly in that of the long-tongued fruit bat (Macroglossus sobrinus). After harvest, fruit can be set upon by fungi such as Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Glomerella cingulata, Geotrichum candidum, Calonectria kyotensis, and occasionally Gliocephalotrichum bulbilium. Secondary or opportunistic fungal infection can be from species such as Aspergillus niger and other Aspergillus spp., Candida spp., Gibberella intricans, and Penicillium spp. The fruit is fed on by Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus), Prevost's squirrels (Callosciurus prevostii), crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis), black hornbills (Anthracoceros malayanus), possibly viverrids and sun bears (Helarctos malayanus). Black hornbills are also effective seed dispersers for the tree, and this is referenced in a few of the regional names for the tree . ==Biochemistry== The fatty acids in the fruit are 30% saturated and 70% unsaturated. The saturated fats include myristic acid (14.49%), arachidic acid (7.08%), pentadecanoic acid (3.61%), (2.2%), decanoic acid (1.62%), and lauric acid (1.31%). Unsaturated fats include oleic acid (22.18%), palmitoleic acid (13.55%), linolelaidic acid (12.39%), γ-linolenic acid (12.23%), linoleic acid (4.95%), elaidic acid (2.50%), and myristoleic acid (1.89%). ==Uses== The fruit's pulp is typically eaten raw and has the fragrance of roasted almonds or burnt caramel. The taste is described as sweet and cheesy or similar to eating an avocado or pimento cheese. Sometimes, it is it is fermented into the condiment tempoyak. The red-fleshed type is used with freshwater fish to make a type of sayur (a traditional Indonesian vegetables stew). The seeds can also be ground into flour (tepung biji durian dalit), which then can be used to make, for example, fish crackers. The tree is also harvested for lumber in Sarawak. The Iban people there also bathe day-old infants (especially for preterm birth) in a tisane of mature bark, as they believe it strengthens the skin. ==See also== List of Durio species Durian Burung, a town in Malaysia ==References== ==External links== Durio graveolens at Year of the Durian Durio graveolens at Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical databases Tropical agriculture Taxa named by Odoardo Beccari graveolens Flora of Malesia Trees of Borneo Trees of Malesia Tropical fruit Non-timber forest products Plants described in 1889 Flora of Indo-China Fruits originating in Asia Night-blooming plants

Durio graveolens

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72.160.249.208

==Fair use rationale for Image:Robert Goddard Into The Blue == Robert Goddard Into The Blue is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page. If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank ==Fair use rationale for Image:Robert Goddard Beyond Recall == Robert Goddard Beyond Recall is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page. If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank

Robert Goddard (novelist)

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206.116.9.110

Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to contribute constructively to the encyclopedia. However, adding content without citing a reliable source is not consistent with our policy of verifiability. This is especially important when dealing with biographies of living people, but applies to all Wikipedia articles. Take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. If you are already familiar with Citing sources, please take this opportunity to add your reference to the article. A link to the edit I have reverted can be found here: link. If you believe this edit should not have been reverted, please contact me. Corpx (talk)

218.103.198.144

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98.29.114.93

The Edward Yeomans House is a historic house on the waterfront of Palmer Cove on Brook Street in the Noank section of Groton, Connecticut. With its construction dating to 1713, it is believed to be Noank's oldest surviving structure, built by one of its early settlers. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 22, 1978. ==Description and history== The Edward Yeomans House is located in a rural setting west of the village center of Noank, southwest of a ninety-degree bend in Brook Street on more than overlooking Palmer Cove. It is a 1-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a gambrel roof and central chimney. The exterior is finished in a combination of wooden clapboards and shingles, reflective of its evolutionary growth. The interior follows a typical central chimney plan, with parlors on either side of the chimney, and the kitchen behind, with small chambers in the rear corners. The area that is now Noank was first laid out in 1712, when Groton town officials did so to facilitate further growth in the town. The following year, Edward Yeomans built a five-bay center-chimney structure with gable roof, on land whose ownership was contested by the local Pequot people. Yeomans left the land a few years later, due in part to what he perceived as encroachment by the Pequots on his land. Before 1760, a sixth bay was added, and the roof replaced by the gambrel roof. In the early 19th century, a shed-roof kitchen addition was added, and the main entrance relocated from the south to the north side of the house. The house is believed to be the oldest in Noank. ==See also== National Register of Historic Places listings in New London County, Connecticut ==References== Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Connecticut Houses completed in 1713 Houses in New London County, Connecticut Buildings and structures in Groton, Connecticut National Register of Historic Places in New London County, Connecticut 1713 establishments in Connecticut

Edward Yeomans House

Notable athletes who have played for the University of California, Santa Barbara's women's basketball team. Men's basketball at this school has its own category. UC Santa Barbara Basketball, women Players

UC Santa Barbara Gauchos women's basketball players

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69.125.55.61

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65.80.80.103

Colony Delta is a 1979 board wargame published by Fantasy Games Unlimited. ==Gameplay== Colony Delta is a game where humans and aliens join in a brushfire war over a rich colony world. ==Reception== Steve List reviewed Colony Delta in Ares Magazine #1, rating it a 5 out of 9. List commented that "The chief drawback with the basic game is the lack of action. Each player may only make six round-trip deliveries to the planet in twelve turns, and must use these to bring in everything (not only colonists). The advance game removes these limits, but will last for a decent while." ==References== Board games introduced in 1979 Fantasy Games Unlimited games

Colony Delta

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168.122.81.233

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. A link to the edit I have reverted can be found here: link. If you believe this edit should not have been reverted, please contact me. Corpx (talk)

72.81.17.252

== Merge proposal == I've just noticed that there are two articles on Fort Aguada. Fort Aguada (Goa) actually predates this one by a month, but it is a shorter article and apparently and orphan. So its probably easier to merge it into this one. Done. Bry9000 (talk) ==I think there is wrong info on this page== Some of the history and origin may be wrong because it contradicts with the information from the plaque that is at Fort Aguada. I took a picture of the plaque and put it in the gallery, on this same article page Thanks for pointing it out. The article doesnt have any references at all. If you find any differences do change them. However it would be best if some refs can be found from books or the net. --Deepak D'Souza

Fort Aguada

Cymbeline's Castle, also known as Cymbeline's Mound and Belinus's Castle, is the remains of a motte-and-bailey castle in woods north of Great Kimble in Buckinghamshire, England. It is scheduled under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. The motte is about in diameter and encircled on three sides by a ditch, outside which lie two additional baileys. Within the baileys have been found pottery fragments of the 13th–15th centuries, and Iron Age and Romano-British fragments have been recovered to the east of the remains. A short distance to the west are remains of another motte-and-bailey castle, along with a moated enclosure and a Roman villa. The name associates it with the ancient British king Cunobeline (Cymbeline), although this may be a Victorian invention. (There is also a theory that the nearby villages of Great Kimble, Little Kimble and Kimble Wick are named after Cymbeline; however, this has been discredited, as the etymology of Kimble is a description of the hill rather than a name.) It is said that if one runs around this mound seven times, the devil will appear. ==References== Castles in Buckinghamshire Motte-and-bailey castles

Cymbeline's Castle

Candidates in the 1941 New Zealand general election

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75.44.207.171

== October 2017 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a message letting you know that one or more of your recent edits to Godinton has been undone by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG. ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made was constructive, please read about it, , remove this message from your talk page, and then make the edit again. For help, take a look at the introduction. The following is the log entry regarding this message: Godinton was changed by 94.206.157.70 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.903269 on 2017-10-27T19:41:07+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)

94.206.157.70

== April 2010 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Metro 2033 (book), did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted by ClueBot. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. Cluebot produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please report it here, remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Metro 2033 (book) was changed by 186.82.168.140 (u) (t) making a minor change with obscenities on 2010-04-21T14:04:06+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot (talk)

186.82.168.140

The material you have added to Ælfheah of Canterbury and Lucky numbers has been removed. Please do not insert junk into articles. Thanks,Stepp-Wulf (talk)

41.236.211.220

Can Our Love... is the fifth studio album by British band Tindersticks, released in May 2001 on the Beggars Banquet record label. ==Reception== ===Commercial performance=== Can Our Love... entered the UK Albums Chart during the week ending 2 June 2001 and peaked at number 47. ===Critical response=== The album received a generally favourable response from music critics, scoring 81 points out of a possible 100 on the music review aggregator website Metacritic, based on 19 reviews. ==Track listing== "Dying Slowly" – 4:36 "People Keep Comin' Around" – 7:11 "Tricklin'" – 2:15 "Can Our Love..." – 5:57 "Sweet Release" – 8:55 "Don't Ever Get Tired" – 3:07 "No Man in the World" – 6:06 "Chilitetime" – 7:34 ==References== 2001 albums Tindersticks albums Beggars Banquet Records albums

Can Our Love...

All contributions are appreciated and strongly encouraged, but your recent edit to the userpage of another user may be considered vandalism. In case you are the user, please login under that account and proceed to make the changes. Please use the sandbox for any tests you may want to do, particularly to userpages. Take a look at our introduction page to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. - Gilliam Please do not delete content from articles on Wikipedia. Your edits appear to be vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use Sandbox for test edits. Adamiow Please stop. If you continue to blank out (or delete portions of) page content, templates or other materials from Wikipedia, you will be blocked from editing. Adamiow ==November 2011== Please do not add unreferenced or poorly referenced information, especially if controversial, to articles or any other page on Wikipedia about living persons, as you did to Matt Willis. Thank you. Dl2000 (talk)

213.137.23.21

Reforged – Riding on Fire is a studio album by German heavy/power metal band Iron Savior, which was released on 22 November 2017 in Japan and on 8 December 2017 in Europe as a 2-CD package. The album consists of re-recorded material of the most popular and best songs which dates from the band's 1997 self-titled debut album up until 2004's Battering Ram, when they were signed to Noise Records. It is also the first album to feature new drummer Patrick Klose since he joined in early 2017. The first track "Riding on Fire" was made available for streaming on 2 November 2017 prior of the album's release, followed by "Battering Ram" on 7 December 2017. ==Information== Piet Sielck explains that the early albums could not be re-released due to legal reasons but is free to re-record them. He says, "Although we can not re-publish our works from the Noise Records time in the original form, we can re-import them very well. We made use of this possibility and approached the old numbers with much enthusiasm." ==Track listing== ==Personnel== Iron Savior Piet Sielck - Vocals, Guitars Joachim "Piesel" Küstner – Guitars, Backing Vocals Jan-Sören Eckert - Bass, Backing Vocals Patrick Klose - Drums Additional personnel Felipe Machado Franco – cover artwork ==References== Iron Savior albums 2017 albums AFM Records albums

Reforged – Riding on Fire

Hola! Quisiera informale que se encuentra en una enciclopedia en ingles y que por lo tanto no puede crear ni editar articulos en español, tal como lo ha hecho con la página de Kapuyolandia. Si desea usar Wikipedia en español quisiera referirlo a Wikipedia en español. Propondré que borren el articulo por ahora pero si lo necesita lo tengo guardado en Sampi/Kapuyolandia. Muchas gracias. == Your username == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. I noticed that your username, Nvidia, may not meet Wikipedia's username policy because it is the name of a company. If you believe that your username does not violate our policy, please leave a note here explaining why. As an alternative, you may file for a change of username, or you may simply create a new account and use that for editing. Tim Song (talk) Welcome to Wikipedia. Because we have a policy against usernames that give the impression that the account represents a group, organization or website, I have blocked this account; please take a few moments to create a new account with a username that represents only you. If your username doesn't represent a group, organization or website, you may ask for a review of this username block by adding the text below this message. Thank you. == Your account will be renamed == Hello, The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information. Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Nvidia. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Nvidia~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed. Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in. Sorry for the inconvenience. Yours,Keegan PeterzellCommunity Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation == Renamed == This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: .

Nvidia~enwiki

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152.19.192.131

== April 2009 == Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to the page Billy Bob Thornton has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Maxis ftw (talk) Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to the page Billy Bob Thornton. Such edits constitute vandalism and are reverted. Please do not continue to make unconstructive edits to pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thank you. Maxis ftw (talk) Please do not vandalize pages, as you did with this edit to Billy Bob Thornton. If you continue to do so, you will be blocked from editing. Maxis ftw (talk)

97.112.73.229

== April 2009 == Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to the page Abbotsford Collegiate has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Maxis ftw (talk) Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to the page Abbotsford Collegiate. Such edits constitute vandalism and are reverted. Please do not continue to make unconstructive edits to pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thank you. Maxis ftw (talk)

174.1.80.127

== Images from various locations in Guirim == iamvardhana (talk) == 2011 Census Update == === Population Statistics === Total population is 5036, out of which 2502 are male and 2534 are female. There are 1178 households. The population below 6 years of age is 493 out of which 258 are male and 235 are female. 4123 people are literate out of which 2117 are male and 2006 are female. (present in North Goa Primary Census Abstract Data tables - Goa) === Population by Mother tongue === 4038 speak Konkani 188 speak Marathi 109 speak Kannada (C-16 Population By Mother Tongue - Town Level) iamvardhana (talk)

Guirim

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104.249.68.91

== Summary == == Licensing ==

RNevil Day1.jpg

Hola! Quisiera informale que se encuentra en una enciclopedia en ingles y que por lo tanto no puede crear ni editar articulos en español, tal como lo ha hecho con la página de Kapuyolandia. Si desea usar Wikipedia en español quisiera referirlo a Wikipedia en español. Propondré que borren el articulo por ahora pero si lo necesita lo tengo guardado en Sampi/Kapuyolandia. Muchas gracias. --– sampi (talk•contrib)

Freetempo

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LogikCollective

Charaxes (Polyura) nepenthes is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It was described by Henley Grose-Smith in 1883. It is found in the Indomalayan realm. ==Subspecies== C. n. nepenthes (Burma, Thailand, Indo-China, southern China, Hainan) C. n. kiangsiensis (Rousseau-Decelle, 1938) (China: Kiangsi, Zhejiang) ==Biology== The larva feeds on Leguminosae. ==References== ==External links== Polyura Billberg, 1820 at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms Polyura Butterflies described in 1883

Polyura nepenthes

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122.111.72.5

Hola! Quisiera informale que se encuentra en una enciclopedia en ingles y que por lo tanto no puede crear ni editar articulos en español, tal como lo ha hecho con la página de Kapuyolandia. Si desea usar Wikipedia en español quisiera referirlo a Wikipedia en español. Propondré que borren el articulo por ahora pero si lo necesita lo tengo guardado en Sampi/Kapuyolandia. Muchas gracias. --– sampi (talk•contrib)

70.45.24.101

Welcome! Hello, , and welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Unfortunately, one or more of the pages you created may not conform to some of Wikipedia's guidelines for page creation, and may soon be deleted. There's a page about creating articles you may want to read called Your first article. If you are stuck, and looking for help, please come to the New contributors' help page, where experienced Wikipedians can answer any queries you have! Or, you can just type on this page, and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Here are a few other good links for newcomers: Your first article Biographies of living persons How to write a great article The five pillars of Wikipedia Help pages Tutorial I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on . Again, welcome!  ==Proposed deletion of Uconnect Phone== A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Uconnect Phone, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process  because of the following concern: Written much like an advertisement, no evidence of notability All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised because, even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached.

Hytechf85

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87.33.80.137

Mancusi v. DeForte, 392 U.S. 364 (1968), is a decision of the United States Supreme Court on privacy and the Fourth Amendment. It originated in the lower courts as United States ex rel. Frank DeForte, appellant v. Vincent R. Mancusi, Warden of Attica Prison, Attica, New York, appellee, a petition for a writ of habeas corpus by a prisoner who had exhausted all his state appeals. By a 6–3 margin the Court affirmed the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit's reversal of a district court denial of the petition. The prisoner, Frank DeForte, was one of several labor union officials on Long Island who had been convicted of racketeering-related charges connected to a scheme in which they attempted to monopolize the juke box market in the New York Metropolitan area. Early in the investigation, local prosecutors had issued a subpoena duces tecum for records from the union officials. When they refused to comply, the prosecutors went to the union offices themselves and seized the records from the officials' desks themselves. DeForte had been present and voiced his objections. The state later admitted the action was illegal but the documents, which formed the bulk of the case against the officials, were not suppressed at trial. Both the state's appellate court and the New York State Court of Appeals sustained the verdict, and all the defendants went to prison. There they began filing habeas petitions to the federal courts. The first, alleging that the court's orders to the jury to continue deliberating after they had done so for almost 24 hours and twice asked for a break constituted coercion, was denied. DeForte's second, arguing as he had at trial and on his state appeal, that the search of his desk violated his reasonable expectation of privacy and thus his Fourth Amendment rights, was the one the Supreme Court heard. Justice John Marshall Harlan II wrote for the majority that under the Court's recent in Katz v. United States, DeForte had a reasonable expectation of privacy over the papers he kept at work even though they were not his personal property and he shared the office with his co-defendants. Nor did the subpoena authorize the prosecutor to act as he might with a search warrant, since the subpoena was not subject to independent judicial review before its execution. In dissent, Hugo Black, who had also dissented in Katz, said he could not find why the Court chose to depart from previous holdings that documents in the possession of one's employer enjoyed no Fourth Amendment protection, and was misreading the cases it relied on. The case is seen as a seminal case in privacy law, since it extended it for the first time to a non-residential space. Lower courts have used it to guide them in distinguishing Fourth Amendment claims into the present day. The Supreme Court has, in later holdings, extended it to include public employees during administrative investigations and considered its application in the context of modern telecommunications. ==Background of the case== For most of American history the Fourth Amendment's requirement that the people "be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures" was taken to apply strictly only to their physical bodies and real property they had an ownership interest in. Advances in communications technology at the start of the Information Age would challenge that. In the 1928 case Olmstead v. United States the Court upheld a bootlegging conviction that relied solely on transcripts of telephone conversations that had been obtained through warrantless wiretapping of the defendants' telephone lines, an action illegal under Washington state law. The majority held that since the Prohibition agents had not actually trespassed on the bootleggers' property to place the wiretaps, the Fourth Amendment had not been violated, and that the language of the amendment in any event referred only to material things. One of the dissenting justices, Louis Brandeis, wrote a frequently quoted opinion arguing that the Fourth Amendment protected not just those rights associated with property but "the right to be let alone", speculating that future technological advances might be yet more intrusive. In the ensuing decades the Olmstead majority's holding began to seem more and more inadequate. Telephone use became more widespread, and the public grew concerned over the idea that anyone, not just the government, could listen into private and intimate conversations which once took place only in person. Improvements in audio recording technology meant that such intrusions were possible without a human actually present. This led Congress to pass anti-wiretapping statutes which still allowed law enforcement to listen in with the telephone company's permission, since those companies were the lawful owners of the wires and switches where the wiretapping could take place. The Warren Court was the first to recognize that the traditional application of the Fourth Amendment to property one owned had its shortcomings. In Jones v. United States, a drug prosecution where the defendant had challenged the use of evidence taken during a search of an apartment he had access to, the Court had extended the Fourth Amendment's protections to anyone "legitimately on the premises". A line of cases in the area of reproductive freedom had also entertained and eventually adopted the idea that personal privacy in that area was protected independently of the premises of a dwelling. In Mapp v. Ohio, the Court extended the exclusionary rule under which evidence obtained unconstitutionally cannot be used at trial, to state as well as federal prosecutions, greatly increasing the cases of alleged Fourth Amendment violations it was asked to review. ==Underlying prosecution== In the late 1950s, allegations of racketeering activities by some labor unions led the U.S. Senate to create a Select Committee on Improper Activities in Labor and Management to investigate. It soon became known as the Labor Rackets Committee or the McClellan Committee, after its chair, John McClellan of Arkansas. Chief committee counsel Robert F. Kennedy was frequently criticized for apparent disregard of witnesses' constitutional rights. The committee and its large staff devoted much of their attention to the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT), where Jimmy Hoffa had been allegedly working with organized crime figures to unseat Dave Beck as union head. It feared that if Hoffa led the Teamsters, the union would have enough power to disrupt the U.S. economy. The committee had focused on some of the paper locals Hoffa had purportedly created to stack votes in his favor during the leadership election. The officers of one, Local 266 in Manhattan, were nominally attempting to organize juke box and coin-operated game servicemen in the New York metropolitan area. District attorneys around New York began their own investigations into allegations that Local 266 was trying to intimidate employers into allowing the Teamsters to represent their employees instead of other unions they already had collective bargaining agreements with. McClellan called Local 266 "phony and gangster-ridden". ===Criminal investigation and trial=== In May 1959 prosecutors from the Nassau County district attorney's office, who had been investigating Local 266 for three months, subpoenaed its records. The local refused to produce them. The prosecutors then went to the headquarters themselves with the subpoena and took, according to a contemporary account, "records, membership lists, bank books and even pictures on the wall." The local's vice president, Frank DeForte, was present at the time and objected strongly to the seizure of the documents. The Nassau County prosecutors took the documents back to Mineola and presented it to a grand jury. It indicted 15 defendants, including DeForte and the other Local 266 officials, on 16 separate counts of conspiracy, criminal coercion and extortion. The trial began the following February. Over the next three and a half months the jury heard 125 witnesses and reviewed 100 written documents submitted as exhibits. In May, after closing arguments, it received its instructions and withdrew to deliberate over the fate of the 10 remaining defendants. After breaks for lunch and dinner, the jury continued deliberating until late in the evening. The foreman sent a note to the judge saying jurors were fatigued and asking for advice. The judge asked if they wanted coffee and sandwiches. The foreman responded that the jurors felt that they were unable to reach a decision on all the charges and could benefit from some rest. ===All-night jury deliberations=== The jurors were told to continue. They took their sandwiches and coffee four hours later, at 2:30 a.m. Almost two hours further into the night, the foreman sent another note to the judge saying the jurors were at an impasse and needed to get some sleep. The judge called them into the courtroom to tell them that it would not be until 6 a.m. at the earliest that any hotel rooms could be arranged and that any rest they got would thus be brief as they would have to return to the courtroom by 1 p.m. He asked if they would rather continue to deliberate, resolve their impasse and go home. The foreman said the jury would prefer to get some sleep. The judge responded by telling them to go back to their rooms while overnight accommodations were sought. At 5 a.m. he summoned them back into the courtroom to tell them that most of the nearby hotels and motels were fully booked. The only possibility that might work was four rooms at a motel where cots could be set up. The foreman asked to retire and consider this. Again the judge reminded them it might be better to continue on. After the jury withdrew, they again began to deliberate, requesting more exhibits, testimony and additional instructions. Following a breakfast break after 6 a.m., they returned to the courtroom and were instructed as they had requested. The jury again withdrew for three hours. As noon approached the judge sent a note asking if they were close to a verdict. The reply said they were. Following another helping of sandwiches and coffee, they returned with their verdict just before 2 p.m., 28 hours after deliberations began. They returned a mixture of verdicts. For one defendant they ; another was acquitted of all charges. The remaining defendants were convicted of at least some of the charges. At sentencing most received fines and suspended sentences. The judge was harsher with DeForte and the other Local 266 officials, president Joseph De Grandis and secretary Ernest Zundel. All three were sentenced to prison. De Grandis, with a prior felony conviction, got seven and a half to eight years. DeForte and Zundel, both of whom were first-time felons, got terms of three to five years. ===Appeals to state courts=== Lawyers for the three indicated they would appeal the conviction. They challenged the original seizure of the papers by the district attorney's office as unconstitutional, and argued the long deliberations without sleep had improperly coerced the jury and tainted the result. Two years later, in 1962, the Second Department of the New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, upheld the conviction. A five-judge panel handed down a short decision addressing the Fourth Amendment claim. "Such records were not the defendants' private, personal papers; they were the property of the union", the appellate division wrote. "Whatever possession the defendants had of these records was merely in their capacity as representatives of the union, and not in their private or individual capacity." It dismissed the other arguments as "untenable". The defendants next took the case to the New York Court of Appeals, the highest court in the state. In a 4–3 decision, it affirmed the Appellate Division without comment late in 1962. The dissenters, including Chief Judge Charles S. Desmond, found the dispositive issue was not the seizure of the documents but the long deliberations. "eeping the jury in deliberation for over 24 consecutive hours without any respite, and after they had advised the court of their fatigue on more than one occasion," they wrote, "constitutes coercion of the jury as matter of law." The next year the Supreme Court denied certiorari, ending the original case. ===Habeas petitions=== The three began serving their prison sentences in the Hudson Valley. De Grandis went to Green Haven Correctional Facility in Dutchess County, while DeForte and Zundel were sent to Sing Sing in Westchester County. Both prisons were within the jurisdiction of the federal Southern District of New York, and the three filed petitions for writs of habeas corpus with that court, alleging they had been unlawfully detained due to the alleged constitutional violations involved in both the evidence collection and trial. ====Jury coercion claim==== Their first petition, arguing as the dissenters at the state Court of Appeals had that the marathon jury deliberation was coercive, was rejected. They appealed to the Second Circuit Court of Appeals. In July 1964 a three-judge panel upheld the lower court. Leonard Moore recounted the history of the deliberations in detail. He criticized the trial judge for failing to anticipate that the jury might need to spend the night in a hotel, but found that the lack of sleep had not unduly affected its verdict. "he mere fact that a jury has been without sleep will not vitiate its verdict if its agreement was deliberate and voluntary and not due to fatigue and exhaustion," Moore wrote. He found it significant that the jury had, when finally offered the real possibility of sleep in the early morning, instead chosen to continue deliberations and made some progress. "It might well be that, figuratively speaking, the jury had gotten its second wind." He found further proof of the jury's clarity of mind in the range of verdicts it delivered, suggesting it had seriously considered the case and not just reached a verdict out of sleep-deprived desperation. ====Fourth Amendment claim==== DeForte was transferred further upstate, to Attica. In 1966 he filed another habeas petition against the warden, Vincent Mancusi, with the Western District of New York. This time he focused on the use of unlawfully obtained evidence at trial. He initially challenged both the seizure of the documents and the use of illegal wiretaps, but later withdrew the latter claim. Two related arguments were raised against the document seizure. The first was procedural. Since Mapp had been decided prior to his conviction, DeForte argued, it should be applied to the trial and the evidence suppressed. More specifically to the case, he cited Jones. In an early interpretation of that case, Henzel v. United States, the Fifth Circuit had held that a defendant convicted of mail fraud had standing to challenge the use of corporate records against him. Judge John Oliver Henderson denied the petition late in the year. He found Henzel to be a flawed precedent, writing that it "ignore the personal nature of Fourth Amendment rights". Jones could not easily be applied to situations where corporate or organizational records were involved, even where, as in Henzel, the defendant had been the sole stockholder of the corporation from which the records were seized. "Envision, for example, a case in which the corporation's janitor was present during an illegal search and seizure but the corporation's vice-president was not." He found a more recent interpretation of Jones, the Third Circuit case United States v. Grosso, to be controlling. There the court had upheld the use of records seized from a third party against a defendant convicted of involvement in a gambling ring. It held that the Supreme Court had only intended Jones to be applicable to a limited class of cases, and that those involving the seizure of corporate records did not fall into that category. Since that was in accord with similar precedent in the Second Circuit, he found DeForte had no standing to challenge the use of the union records and denied the petition. Aware that there was recent authority to the contrary, he certified probable cause for an appeal. In June 1967 the Second Circuit heard the case again. ====Success on appeal==== A few weeks later DeForte prevailed. Judge Irving Kaufman wrote for another panel that reversed Henderson and ordered the writ issued. "The quest for a clear solution to the perplexing query as to who may challenge an allegedly unlawful search and seizure has been confounded by thorny problems" he began. After Mapp, state courts had to consider that question too, with only a few potentially conflicting Supreme Court decisions to guide them. Kaufman called Jones the first serious attempt to develop standards for making these decisions. Jones had presented a defendant with a quandary: if he had, as case law up to that point required, claimed a possessory interest in the seized narcotics in order to suppress them, he would also have been incriminating himself, in violation of his rights under the Fifth Amendment. The Court resolved the issue by holding that in cases where mere possession of the property in question was the offense alleged, defendants need not have to admit to such ownership to challenge the admissibility of such evidence, and that they only had to demonstrate they were legitimately on the premises where the search occurred. But while Jones had said what was not necessary to challenge a search, it did not say what was. That question would have to be established on a case-by-case basis. Turning to the specifics of the case, Kaufman took note of established precedent that the search of an office could be held unconstitutional. The state had argued that despite DeForte's presence in the office he lacked standing since the search was directed at Local 266, not him personally, and he did not have a separate office. But Kaufman noted that as an officer of the local, DeForte would necessarily have been targeted personally by the investigation, and in fact the local itself had not been indicted. " office also served as his place of business and in which he spent a considerable part of each day," Kaufman observed. "It appears to us to have been a clear invasion of privacy for the state's officials to have descended upon what was the union's office de jure, but DeForte's office de facto, and without a warrant and over his vigorous protests to have seized books and records, a substantial portion of which he had prepared and which were in his custody." Therefore, he had standing to challenge that search, and thus the conviction had to be set aside. The state had cited other cases decided by the circuit in support of its position, but Kaufman found most of them irrelevant since they preceded Jones. Three had been decided afterwards, but they were easily distinguished. The judge agreed with the position DeForte had argued before Henderson, that Henzel was the most relevant case of the available precedents. ==Before the Court== The prosecutors appealed to the Supreme Court, which this time granted certiorari. It put the case on the docket for its 1967 term. At the end of that year, before it heard oral arguments in what was now Mancusi v. DeForte, the Court handed down Katz v. United States, which changed some of the law under which DeForte's case had progressed. Katz arose from circumstances similar to Olmstead, four decades earlier. The defendant, a Southern California bookmaker, had been convicted of gambling charges based largely on recordings of his end of conversations made by a bug on the outside of the telephone booth he had conducted his business from. At trial he had unsuccessfully tried to suppress that evidence; the Ninth Circuit held that it was lawfully obtained since, as in Olmstead, there had been no physical entry into the phone booth. Justice Potter Stewart wrote for a seven-justice majority that overturned Olmstead and recognized the underlying principle of Brandeis's dissent in that case. "The Fourth Amendment protects people, not places ... the reach of that Amendment cannot turn upon the presence or absence of a physical intrusion into any given enclosure." John Marshall Harlan II's concurring opinion used the phrase "a reasonable expectation of privacy" that came to be the new understanding of what the Fourth Amendment protected. ==Decision== The Court announced its decision in June 1968, near the end of the term. By a 6–3 vote, they affirmed the appeals court. Justice John Marshall Harlan II wrote for the majority that the union records had been improperly seized. Hugo Black, the only dissenter in Katz, wrote for himself and Potter Stewart that the majority had retreated from previous holdings for no clear constitutional reason. Byron White wrote a single-sentence dissent. ===Majority=== Harlan reiterated that the Court's opinion was based purely on the Fourth Amendment claim DeForte had made, the only one before them. There was no need to decide a Fifth Amendment question, nor whether Fourth Amendment rights were primarily personal, or whether he could have asserted them on the union's behalf as well as his own. The Court considered only whether DeForte had standing to challenge the search, and if so, whether it had been illegal. To establish that DeForte had standing, Harlan turned to previous cases. While the Fourth Amendment referred only to the right to be secure in houses, earlier Court decisions had extended that to include businesses as well. Other decisions, even before Jones, had held that that protection applied to even those individuals who did not hold legal title to a property. Finally, there was Katz, which "also makes it clear that capacity to claim the protection of the Amendment depends not upon a property right in the invaded place, but upon whether the area was one in which there was a reasonable expectation of freedom from governmental intrusion", Harlan wrote, echoing his concurrence in that case. "The crucial issue, therefore, is whether, in light of all the circumstances, DeForte's office was such a place." While the office had been a large room DeForte shared with his fellow officers, with none of it reserved for his personal use, the record did not show where the individual documents had been taken from. DeForte had been present in the office when the subpoena was served, and it was a stipulated fact of the case that he spent much of his time working from that office. Therefore, Harlan concluded, he had custody of the papers at the time they were seized, and could object to the search and seizure. The Court had held in many cases that the search of an office could be challenged as well as a house, and Jones had eliminated the possessory-interest requirement. If DeForte had had a private office, where he was unlikely to be disturbed at his desk except by those he had allowed in, Harlan continued, he would indisputably have had the standing to challenge the search. "It seems to us that the situation was not fundamentally changed because DeForte shared an office with other union officers," he said. "DeForte still could reasonably have expected that only those persons and their personal or business guests would enter the office, and that records would not be touched except with their permission or that of union higher-ups." It was irrelevant that other union officials might have consented to the search, since they had not been asked. He considered the situation analogous enough to that in Jones to require the same holding. With the standing question answered, Harlan turned to the reasonableness of the search. As a matter of state law, a subpoena duces tecum did not allow the prosecutors to seize the documents. The state had already admitted this. Nor was the subpoena constitutionally equivalent to a search warrant, under which the seizure would have been allowed, since it was issued by the district attorney's office and not subject to independent judicial review as the Fourth Amendment required. Harlan took note of the similarity between DeForte's case and Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. United States, the case which had established the "fruit of the poisonous tree" rule excluding otherwise lawfully obtained evidence from use at trial if it was derived from unlawfully obtained evidence. In both cases, prosecutors in New York had responded to an organization's refusal to comply with a subpoena for documents by going to the premises and taking the documents themselves, an action that outraged Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes. "here can be no doubt that, under this Court's past decisions, the search of DeForte's office was 'unreasonable' within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment." ===Dissents=== "In creating this new rule against the use of papers and documents which speak truthfully for themselves, the Court is putting up new hurdles and barriers bound to save many criminals from conviction," Black began. "I should not object to this new rule, however, if I thought it was or could be justified by the Fourth or any other constitutional amendment. But I do not think it can." Black did not see how any of the cases cited by Harlan touched on the standing question. Silverthorne did not consider the issue since the documents were accepted as belonging to the corporation or one of its officers, and the "legitimately on premises" rule from Jones was created to resolve the dilemma it posed with the Fifth Amendment. "I must point out that this sweeping dictum is taken somewhat out of context, and cannot possibly have the literal meaning attributed to it," commented Black. "It would be quite a hyperbole, I think, to say that the Jones opinion suggested that just any person who happened to be in a house against which an unreasonable search was perpetrated could ask to have all evidence obtained by that search excluded from evidence against him." He alluded to Henderson's hypothetical question about the janitor in his opinion. DeForte had indeed been legitimately on the premises, Black wrote, and had the majority left it at that its holding would have been sound despite his problems with Jones. But instead, by continuing, it had further highlighted the problems he had had with that decision. "This reasoning in terms of 'expectations,' however, requires conferring standing without regard to whether the agent happens to be present at the time of the search or not, a rather remarkable consequence of the statement in Jones". He speculated that the Court was planning to eventually "eliminate entirely the requirement for standing to raise a search and seizure question and to permit a search to be challenged at any time, at any place, and under all circumstances, regardless of the defendant's relationship to the person or place searched or to the things seized." Such a holding, he cautioned, would elevate the Fourth Amendment to an importance far above any other constitutional provisions. The facts of the case, to Black, argued against the majority holding. In addition to the open layout of the office, the search was directed not at DeForte but at the local. "The police had been investigating a large conspiracy perpetrated through the union, and, at the time, were primarily interested in getting more information about the operation of the union." Since the union had raised no objections to the subpoena, it had a duty to turn over the records demanded. Under the holding, the papers could have been returned to Local 266, and then the state could have found another, more constitutional way to obtain them and then retry the defendants. "A rule which encourages such circumvention as that is hardly the kind of principle to which this great Court should give birth." Black concluded. "I disclaim any responsibility whatever for the new rule." White believed the majority had made too great a grant of privacy. "Although the Fourth Amendment perhaps protects the individual's private desk in a union office shared with other officers or employees," he wrote. "I dissent from the Court's extension of the protected area to the office door." ==Disposition== De Grandis had also been denied his habeas petition, and appealed. His case was argued before the Second Circuit while DeForte's was pending before the Supreme Court, and the appeals court delayed its decision in his case until the Supreme Court made its decision. When it did, it reversed the district court since the circumstances of the case were identical. In 1970 the New York Court of Appeals granted both defendants' requests for a new trial. ==Subsequent jurisprudence== Mancusi would be the only time the Court granted a habeas petition through the application of the exclusionary rule. It upheld the general permissibility of such claims the following term in Kaufman v. United States, But seven years after that, in 1976, Stone v. Powell held that state prisoners who had unsuccessfully argued the issue in state appeals would not be allowed to reargue it in federal habeas petitions beyond claims that the matter had not been fully and fairly adjudicated at the lower-court level. The Court at first left most of the details of determining where in the workplace privacy existed to lower courts. Many were, as Mancusi had been, prosecutions where documents taken from offices were the primary evidence against employees, but the lower courts considered cases from other work environments as well. Two tests gradually emerged for determining an expectation of privacy in the workplace: the nexus test, specific to business premises and often preferred when the seized materials were work-related, and the totality test, which was best dispositive to claims of personal property at work. ===Early lower-court interpretations=== Since Mancusi had not gone into great detail about how DeForte had a reasonable expectation of privacy in a shared workspace, cases in lower courts resolved those issues. Personal, individual and secured spaces, such as a police officer's locker or school guidance counselor's desk drawers, were held during the 1970s to be protected by the Fourth Amendment. It was more difficult to resolve cases where those factors were not present. In 1975 the Fifth Circuit decided United States v. Britt, a case used extensively by later courts as a counterbalance to Mancusi. There, the court upheld the mail-fraud conviction of corporate officers based on documents seized from property the corporation rented for storage purposes at a location separate from its offices. Judge Thomas Gibbs Gee distinguished the case from both Mancusi and Henzel v. United States. "In both of these cases there was a demonstrated nexus between the area searched and the work space of the defendant. That nexus is absent here." A 1983 Kansas Supreme Court decision used the same logic in holding that a murder defendant had no standing to challenge a search of vacant upper stories at the warehouse where he worked which uncovered incriminating shell casings, since he did not routinely work there. Later holdings narrowed the nexus test so that no one factor became absolutely dispositive. In 1979 the Fourth Circuit held in United States v. Torch that the mere fact of a defendant's occasional work-related use of a warehouse searched did not establish a privacy expectation. United States v. Judd, decided by the Fifth Circuit in 1989, upheld a district court ruling that a corporate official's role in preparing seized records did not establish a privacy interest if those documents were kept in a separate office. The Second Circuit narrowed the nexus further when it upheld a conviction of a bank official in 1990. The defendant's co-ownership of the bank and the presence of the incriminating documents did not give rise to a reasonable privacy expectation, the court held, since they were kept in another employee's office and they would have been subject to routine review by federal regulators. The other test emerged from a dictum in Lewis Powell's concurring opinion in the 1978 Supreme Court case, Rakas v. Illinois, that courts considering the reasonableness of a privacy expectation should consider "all the surrounding circumstances." It was first applied by the First Circuit in a 1980 case, United States v. Brien. It affirmed a district court's upholding of a search in a securities fraud case that framed the issue with six questions: "(1) his position in the firm; (2) did he have any ownership interest; (3) his responsibilities; (4) his power to exclude others from the area, if any; (5) did he work in the area; (6) was he present at the time of the search?" A later Ninth Circuit case referred to "the totality of the circumstances" and thus gave it its name. In another First Circuit case, United States v. Mancini, the totality test's consideration of other factors resulted in a different outcome than the nexus test. Federal agents searching for evidence of mayoral corruption had found a box in the attic archive at city hall, clearly marked as belonging to the mayor, with an appointment calendar that became key to the conviction. Since the box was not only marked as the mayor's but stored in a disused area of the building, segregated from other items in that area, and the mayor allowed only his chief of staff to peruse the records, the court found a reasonable expectation of privacy even though he never worked in the attic. Mancini also turned on the defendant's authority to exclude others from the searched space, a question which took on more importance in later cases. In a case with similar circumstances to Mancusi, the Ninth Circuit decided the case differently due to a negative answer to that question. A sweep of an Oregon produce factory by Immigration and Naturalization Service agents looking for illegal aliens was upheld since those detained not only lacked a possessory interest in the property and worked in a large shared space without any space set aside for their individual use, they could not keep anyone out of the building. ===O'Connor v. Ortega=== It would be almost two decades before the Court heard another case involving privacy rights at work. Like Mancusi, the search at issue in O'Connor v. Ortega involved documents taken from a desk. It presented some questions of first impression for the Supreme Court. Unlike the earlier case, the workplace in question was public rather than private, and the search was undertaken not by an external law enforcement agency but by the employee's own supervisors investigating a possible violation of workplace policy. It was further distinguished by some of the seized material being personal documents unrelated to work. The case began in 1981 when administrators at a state-run psychiatric hospital in California, suspected that Magno Ortega, the head of the hospital's residency program, had coerced money from residents to pay for an office computer. While he was on vacation that summer, they placed him on administrative leave and had security remove items from his desk, ostensibly to sort Ortega's personal property from state property, and change the lock on his door. Some of the personal documents were used to impeach a witness who testified on his behalf at a later hearing before the state personnel board where he unsuccessfully appealed his subsequent dismissal. He filed a Section 1983 civil suit against the administrators and the state in district court. The defendants were granted summary judgement, on the grounds that the intrusion into Ortega's office was for inventory purposes and not a search. On appeal, the Ninth Circuit found differently and reversed. Following a certiorari grant, the Supreme Court heard the case and divided 5–4, with Sandra Day O'Connor writing for four justices in the plurality, Antonin Scalia concurring and Harry Blackmun writing the dissenting opinion. All justices agreed that public employees had the same Fourth Amendment privacy expectations as their private-sector counterparts; they differed on whether the record established that those had been violated in Ortega's case. On remand, it took the doctor 12 more years, two trials and two more appellate holdings to win a favorable verdict. While its primary question was whether public employees enjoyed privacy protections, and the holding allowed public employees' supervisors needed merely reasonable suspicion to commence a valid investigatory search, O'Connor added some clarifications to Mancusi that lower court justices found useful. Justice O'Connor defined the workplace as "includ those areas and items that are related to work and are generally within the employer's control." But there was, as there had not been in Mancusi, a distinction between personal and work-related items in the workplace, affecting the privacy expectations in context. " photograph placed in a desk or a letter posted on an employee bulletin board," for instance, were personal items that nevertheless became part of the workplace context by virtue of that placement. But packed luggage for a weekend trip or a handbag did not come under a reduced privacy expectation by being brought to work, O'Connor concluded. Considerations of privacy must also take into account "operational realities" of the workplace in question, O'Connor said. "An office is seldom a private enclave free from entry by supervisors, other employees, and business and personal invitees. Instead, in many cases offices are continually entered by fellow employees and other visitors during the workday for conferences, consultations, and other work-related visits." As a result of their openness to the public, in fact, some workplaces might not allow any reasonable expectation of privacy. What, to O'Connor, distinguished public from private workplaces under the Fourth Amendment was the government's interest as an employer in running an efficient operation. She quoted the Court's holding in Connick v. Myers, a case involving the First Amendment rights of public employees, that "government offices could not function if every employment decision became a constitutional matter". Therefore, work-related searches were incident to the primary business of government and thus needed no justification; searches to investigate non-criminal employee misconduct need only meet the reasonable suspicion standard outlined in Terry v. Ohio. Scalia, in his concurrence, attacked O'Connor for articulating an unclear standard and leaving its nuances to future courts. The difference between a public and private employer was dispositive only to the question of whether a search was reasonable, not whether the Fourth Amendment was violated. He would have held that any search reasonable for a private employer would be reasonable for a public employer as well. Blackmun's dissent found the search of Ortega's office to have been clearly investigatory and thus the Ninth Circuit should have been affirmed. ===After O'Connor=== O'Connor's clarifications preceded a period in which the boundaries between workspace and personal space became less distinct and in some cases began to overlap. In large part this was due to the increasing use of personal computers and the rise of the Internet. Two cases in the decades after O'Connor particularly reflected this. The nexus and totality tests collided in a 1998 Tenth Circuit decision, United States v. Anderson. As part of an FBI child pornography sting operation, the defendant, James Anderson, had been sent what he had been led to believe were videotapes of children with sexually explicit content (they were actually blank). Agents had him under surveillance as he picked up the package, expecting him to take it to his home, for which they already had a search warrant. Instead, he took it to the offices of the company where he was an executive, which were otherwise deserted as it was the Saturday of a Fourth of July weekend. Concerned that he would realize law enforcement was involved when he discovered the tapes were blank and destroy other evidence that might be present, the agents decided exigent circumstances existed and forced their way into the building. They found Anderson in an unused room where he had drawn the blinds, placed a towel over them and closed the door, preparing to watch the videotape. After confessing and signing a statement that he was aware of his Miranda rights, he consented to a search of his office that produced other child pornography. At his trial, the district court suppressed the confession and all evidence seized after the FBI entered the building. On appeal, the three judges divided. Mary Beck Briscoe wrote for herself and John Carbone Porfilio that the nexus test, under which, as Paul Kelly wrote in dissent, Anderson had no expectation of privacy, was not sufficient to decide this case. "e do not believe the fact that a defendant does or does not work in a particular area should categorically control his ability to challenge a warrantless search of that area" she wrote. "Instead, the better approach is to examine all of the circumstances of the working environment and the relevant search", as she read the Supreme Court to have done in Mancusi. Briscoe considered it more relevant that Anderson had taken steps to maintain his privacy within the room and that the items were under his immediate control and of a personal, non-business-related nature. Kelly argued in dissent that the majority's logic would have extended Anderson's expectation of privacy to the entire office suite he had chosen to isolate himself and watch his videos. In footnotes, he and Briscoe disagreed about the relevance of Mancini. Anderson had been tracked from his presence online, and the increasing use of the Internet at work, sometimes for personal matters, near the end of the century posed new issues. The Fourth Circuit found the remote search of an employee computer valid in another child-porn case, United States v. Simons, since the Internet use policy defeated any expectation of privacy. A more complicated case concerning privacy expectations around personal Internet use at work confronted the Ninth Circuit in United States v. Ziegler. The case began in 2001 with a tip to the FBI from a Montana Internet Service Provider that someone at Frontline Processing, an online-payments processing company, had accessed child-porn websites from a company computer. An FBI agent, James Kennedy, followed up by contacting officials at the company's information technology (IT) department who verified the report, traced it to Brian Ziegler, the company's director of operations, and found further incriminating evidence in his computer's cache. A copy of the 's contents was made, although it was disputed whether the IT employees did this on their own initiative or at Kennedy's behest. In order to do this two IT employees entered Ziegler's locked office after work hours. The copies made, and the original computer, were turned over to the FBI later. At trial in 2004 Ziegler moved to have the evidence from his hard drive suppressed, arguing that the IT employees, despite their ability and duty to monitor other employees' Internet usage, could not consent and had not consented to do a physical search and seizure in his office on the government's behalf. It was denied, and he later pleaded guilty to a lesser charge as part of a plea bargain in 2005. He then appealed. Judge Diarmuid O'Scannlain upheld the district court, writing that due to both the monitoring and social norms regarding privacy expectations on an employer-owned computer, Ziegler had no privacy interest in the computer and thus could not contest the intrusion into his office based on information obtained remotely from that computer. Ziegler petitioned for an en banc rehearing. In response, the original panel withdrew its first opinion and issued a newer, longer one, acknowledging as the first had not the "seminal" importance of Mancusi in establishing an employee's expectation of privacy at work. This time it held that Ziegler did indeed have a privacy interest in his office, but left undisturbed its holding that Frontline's consent overrode that. Another circuit judge moved sua sponte for en banc. The motion failed to attract enough votes, but 11 judges dissented, arguing that office politics at Frontline and statements in the record made it unclear whether there was or could have been consent, and that even if there was that was not enough to overcome Ziegler's privacy rights. In a separate opinion, one dissenter, Chief Judge Alex Kozinski, accused the original panel of "plucking consent out of its judicial top hat ... Appellate review is not a magic wand and we undermine public confidence in the judicial process when we make it look like it is." The original panel in turn accused the dissenters of "post hoc revisionism" that adequately justified their original positions. ===Ontario v. Quon=== In 2010, more than two decades after O'Connor, the Court decided to take another workplace-privacy case, again from an administrative investigation in a public-employment context and . Reflecting cases like Ziegler that had increasingly appeared on appellate dockets, Ontario v. Quon also involved modern personal telecommunications technology. It had worked its way up to the justices from the Ninth Circuit as Quon v. Arch Wireless, a case brought by police officers disciplined for sexually explicit text messages exchanged on department-issued pagers, and the recipients of those text messages. A lieutenant had told the defendant officers, members of the department SWAT team who were routinely exceeding the monthly character limits on the pagers, that despite a department policy allowing only light personal use of the pagers he would not audit the pager messages as long as they reimbursed the department for its overage fees. The lieutenant and chief later wondered if the character limit was artificially low, and ordered an audit and transcripts from the pager provider, limited to those sent during work, which disclosed that most messages had been personal and sometimes explicit. The Ninth Circuit had held the audit an unconstitutional search on the grounds that there were less intrusive ways of obtaining the same information. After a petition for en banc was denied, the Court granted certiorari. Since it was the first telecommunications privacy case to reach the nation's highest court, its possible holding was eagerly anticipated. Ultimately, the Court set no new precedent, unanimously reversing the Ninth Circuit on the grounds that it had never held the "least intrusive means" test for searches valid. Anthony Kennedy wrote a lengthy majority opinion that concluded the audit of the pagers was reasonably work-related, and declined to establish any new standards for Internet privacy since the technology was still "in flux" and social expectations around it were insufficiently settled. He specifically cited the lag between Olmstead and Katz as an example to avoid repeating. This reluctance was criticized by Antonin Scalia in a concurrence as "a feeble excuse for dereliction of duty". Editorials in major newspapers praised this restraint, but later The New York Times ran an article calling the decision "almost aggressively unhelpful" to lower courts. Eleventh Circuit judge Frank Hull similarly said Quon had "a marked lack of clarity" when withdrawing and reissuing a previous panel decision controversially holding that there was no reasonable expectation of privacy over the contents of e-mail. ==Analysis and commentary== Michele Morris, an Akron, Ohio, employment lawyer, believes both the nexus and totality tests have proved deficient at protecting privacy at work, and in so doing undermined what the Court sought to accomplish in Mancusi. Instead, she argues, courts should look to the relationships among employees, and between employees and supervisors. "The nexus test ignores the realities of workplace delegation of duties", she writes. The totality test also, in her opinion, fails because while it considers, as the nexus test does not, an employee's efforts to exclude others from a space instead of their ability or authority to do so. "An employee's right to exclude is a direct result of the employment relationship, whereas efforts to exclude may not be." If this mistaken emphasis continued, she fears, private-sector workers will be under the same reasonable-suspicion standard the Court put public employees under in O'Connor. Courts have already, Morris observes, given employment relationships some weight in assessing the validity of a search. "he courts have erroneously focused on the Supreme Court's Mancusi decision as standing for the principal that an office is a place in which privacy expectations exist, even where it is shared by others," Morris writes. "By focusing on that aspect of Mancusi, the courts have failed to apply its more significant recognition that the employment relationship creates a privacy expectation in relation to outsiders, not fellow employees who were entitled to access or persons given access by those employees." The decreasing distinctions between work and home make the problems created by the two existing tests even more compelling. In 1998's Minnesota v. Carter, the Supreme Court had restored the convictions of two men originally observed bagging cocaine through a third man's apartment window, holding that they did not have the privacy expectation usually accorded guests since the sole purpose of their visit was to prepare the cocaine for sale, making their presence on the property purely commercial in nature. "It is not too far a reach to extend this rationale to deny Fourth Amendment rights to business guests in one's home for a dinner party or to guests at a Tupperware party". What privacy expectations, Morris wondered, would courts apply to people who work out of their homes? And could that result in a general lowering of privacy expectations in the home, where it has traditionally been most protected? Morris proposes that, in analyzing a privacy claim, courts first define what, in the specific instance, constituted the workplace, and then within that space delineating the public and private areas. After doing so, it could consider to which employees the item or items seized are related to through employment. "An employee who delegates work to another would no longer lose Fourth Amendment protection simply by failing to perform the task herself", she writes. "Likewise, the person to whom the work is delegated is protected regardless of whether she has the authority to retain the materials in her possession." Where a personal item was concerned, the employee would have to demonstrate privacy efforts independent of the employer, such as efforts to exclude coworkers from the item. Peter Winn, a federal prosecutor in Washington and lecturer at the University of Washington School of Law, takes note in a history of the formulation of the reasonable expectation of privacy standard established in Katz that Mancusi was its first application to a later case. He finds it interesting that while Harlan first articulated it in his Katz concurrency as a two-part test with a subjective and objective component, in Mancusi he, like other judges after him, refers only to the objective aspect. "Perhaps , Justice Harlan felt the subjective component of the test was still needed to mirror the old trespass element that an intrusion lack permission," he speculated. ==See also== List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 392 List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Warren Court ==Notes== ==References== ==External links== United States Supreme Court cases United States Supreme Court cases of the Warren Court United States Fourth Amendment case law United States privacy case law 1968 in United States case law International Brotherhood of Teamsters Nassau County, New York Jukeboxes United States habeas corpus case law

Mancusi v. DeForte

Stadio Partenopeo, also known as Stadio Giorgio Ascarelli, was a multi-use stadium in Naples, Italy. It was used mostly for football matches. The stadium was able to hold 40.000 people. During the 1934 World Cup, it hosted two games. The stadium was destroyed by bombardments during the Second World War. Sports venues in Naples Partenopeo Defunct football venues in Italy 1934 FIFA World Cup stadiums

Stadio Partenopeo

13 Rue Madeleine is a 1947 World War II spy film directed by Henry Hathaway and starring James Cagney, Annabella, and Richard Conte. The title refers to the Le Havre address where a Gestapo headquarters was located. ==Plot== Bob Sharkey (Cagney), an instructor with a group of American espionage candidates, teaches his students the art of enemy infiltration. However, he is alerted that one of the students is a Nazi-German agent named "Bill O'Connell" (Conte). Sharkey's boss, Charles Gibson (Walter Abel), confirms that O'Connell is actually Wilhelm Kuncel, one of Germany's top spies, but tells Sharkey to pass him through the course, as they know Kuncel's mission is to determine the date and location of the planned Allied invasion of Europe. They intend to provide Kuncel with false information to pass along to his superiors. At the end of their training, three of the new agents—Frenchwoman Suzanne de Beaumont (Annabella), American Jeff Lassiter (Frank Latimore), and Kuncel—are sent to Great Britain. From there, they prepare to embark on a mission into German-occupied France. Kuncel is briefed on a fictitious invasion of Europe through Holland, but at the last minute, he asks Gibson to send Lassiter with him. Lassiter has been briefed on a different mission—to locate the factory depot for V-2 rockets that will be used against the Allied invasion ports, with Suzanne as his radio operator. Sharkey tells Lassiter about Kuncel and assigns him to accompany Kuncel into Holland, but then to continue on his own mission. If Kuncel tries to follow Lassiter instead of completing his own mission, Lassiter is to kill him. However, Lassiter's uneasiness apparently alerts Kuncel. When the trio parachutes into Holland, Lassiter's parachute fails to open, and he plummets to his death. The jumpmaster (Karl Malden) of the B-24 Liberator transporting the group discovers that the strap to Lassiter's static line was deliberately cut. Gibson and Sharkey realize that Kuncel knows that the information he was given is false and that he can identify every agent with whom he trained. With no time to brief another agent to act in Lassiter's stead, Sharkey parachutes into France. With the help of the local French resistance led by the town's mayor (Sam Jaffe) and his driver (E. G. Marshall), Sharkey completes his mission, apprehending the collaborator who designed the V-2 depot and returning him to Great Britain. However, while intercepting Kuncel as he tries to stop the pickup airplane from taking off, Sharkey is captured. Suzanne is killed while transmitting the news to England. The Gestapo torture Sharkey, but he refuses to reveal his knowledge. Back in Great Britain, Gibson has no choice but to order a bombing raid to destroy the Gestapo headquarters and kill Sharkey before he cracks. As the bombs strike, Sharkey and Kuncel both perish. ==Cast== James Cagney as Robert Emmett 'Bob' Sharkey Richard Conte as Wilhelm Kuncel / William H. 'Bill' O'Connell Annabella as Suzanne de Beaumont Frank Latimore as Jeff Lassiter Walter Abel as Charles Gibson Melville Cooper as Pappy Simpson Sam Jaffe as Mayor Galimard Karl Malden as B-24 Jumpmaster E. G. Marshall as Emile Trevor Bardette as Resistance fighter Red Buttons as Second Jump Master (uncredited) Arno Frey as German Officer Donald Randolph as La Roche Roland Winters as Van Duyval Blanche Yurka as Madame Thillot ==Production== Prohibited from mentioning the OSS during the war due to secrecy, several Hollywood studios made their own films about the agency after the war, such as Paramount's O.S.S., Warner Bros./United States Pictures Cloak and Dagger, and RKO/Alfred Hitchcock's Notorious. Though 13 Rue Madeleine was originally written to showcase the O.S.S., with Cagney playing a character based on William Donovan and featuring Peter Ortiz as a technical advisor, Donovan raised major objections to the film, including the idea that his agency had been infiltrated by an enemy agent. The spy group was renamed "O77" and Cagney's character had no similarities to Donovan. The film followed Fox's The House on 92nd Street, a true story of Federal Bureau of Investigation counter espionage, which shared the same director, producer, and one of the writers. Much of the filming was done in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. The scene where Sharkey is leaving the "local French HQ", on his way to meet with the local resistance was shot on rue Donnacona, with the Ursulines School in the background. The Breen Office objected to the Americans bombing a building solely to kill Sharkey. But Sy Bartlett, one of the film's scriptwriters, had been in the Army Air Corps during World War II and such an incident did take place, though in a different context. According to Henry Hathaway, the film's director, that actual occurrence was the basis for the film's final scene. ==References== ==External links== 1947 films 1940s drama films 1940s spy films American black-and-white films American spy films American films English-language films American drama films Films about the French Resistance Films directed by Henry Hathaway Office of Strategic Services in fiction World War II spy films

13 Rue Madeleine

== April 2009 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Your test on the page Dementia worked, and has been removed. If you would like to experiment further, please use the sandbox. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing and its related help page for more information. Thank you. Maxis ftw (talk) Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to the page Dementia. Such edits constitute vandalism and are reverted. Please do not continue to make unconstructive edits to pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thank you. Maxis ftw (talk)

69.107.75.110

== Premature? == While this is more than likely going to happen, isn't the existence of this article a little premature? As far as I'm aware, the referendum is not set in stone, and it's possible (though unlikely) that it might not happen for any number of reasons (coalition collapses, government u-turns on their promises). On the other hand, it's unclear to me why users of medicinal cannabis having to pay personal costs for Sativex is in the legality section The mere announcement proposing the referendum seems to have received worldwide coverage, so I think that alone makes the mere proposal notable. Whatever happens from now on will be a current and ongoing political and media event, if nothing else. Hence, adding a Current tag to the article. I suspect the comment about Sativex is a way to say that legally available medicinal cannabis also costs money and, since it is a monopoly supply, the price is high due to a lack of competition; simply conventional economics. - 210.86.78.126 (talk) ==The referendum question== I've been a bit brutal in keeping only the current situation, but frankly all the previous speculation is now moot; and the drama around National leaking the paper etc. isn't really relevant to the issue. - Snori (talk) ==Tit for tat comments== Apologies for zapping content, but again, trying to boil down the actual situation - not the day to day comments of those involved. Linking to the actual cabinet paper rather than leaked one - and highlighting the reasoning behind the 20 age limit, even though 25 might in theory be better. - Snori (talk)

2020 New Zealand cannabis referendum

==Subpages== Contributor copyright investigations/Trident13 header Contributor copyright investigations/Trident13 2 Contributor copyright investigations/Trident13 3 Contributor copyright investigations/Trident13 4 Contributor copyright investigations/Trident13 5 Contributor copyright investigations/Trident13 6 Contributor copyright investigations/Trident13 7 Contributor copyright investigations/Trident13 8 Contributor copyright investigations/Trident13 9 Contributor copyright investigations/Trident13 10 ==Instructions== All contributors with no history of copyright problems are welcome to contribute to clean up. Contributors who are the subject of a contributor copyright investigation are among contributors with a history of copyright problems and so are not welcome to directly evaluate their own or others' copyright violations in CCIs. They are welcome to assist with rewriting any problems identified. If contributors have been shown to have a history of extensive copyright violation, it may be assumed without further evidence that all of their major contributions are copyright violations, and they may be removed indiscriminately in accordance with Copyright violations. Contributors who are the subject of a contributor copyright investigation are among contributors who have been shown to have a history of extensive copyright violation and so all of the below listed contributions may be removed indiscriminately. However, to avoid collateral damage, efforts should be made when possible to verify infringement before removal. When every section is completed, please alter the listing for this CCI at CCI#Open_investigations to include the tag "completed=yes". This will alert a clerk that the listing needs to be archived. ===Text=== Examine the article or the diffs linked below. If the contributor has added creative content, either evaluate it carefully for copyright concerns or remove it. After examining an article: If a section is complete, consider collapsing it by placing and beneath the section header and after the final listing. ===Images=== Examine the images below. For free images: For non-free images, determine whether each image meets our non-free content criteria. Annotate the listing with the action taken, e.g. if the image was tagged no source write "no source"; if the fair use claim is deemed ok you can write "OK fair use". ==Background==  Trident13 Check requested by Justlettersandnumbers (talk) was told that copyright violation in userspace is not allowed. Soughton Hall was listed at SCV. The had been copy-pasted from the website of the National Library of Wales. This editor has over 100,000 edits; without looking at very many of them I found: The copyvio text is commented out on these pages, so the user is definitely aware that it's not acceptable. I have not to date found any other evidence of copyvio in article space. Justlettersandnumbers (talk) ==Contribution survey== This report covers contributions to 4995 articles from timestamp 2006-04-21 17:12:24 UTC to timestamp 2014-07-11 17:10:12 UTC. == Articles 1 through 20 == N Leonīds Breikšs: yep. He quickly removed the vios for some reason, Why the hell did he put them there in the first place? 💵Money💵emoji💵💸 N List of works by Clough Williams-Ellis: I mean, he probably copied it from somewhere, But it's an alphabetical list of proper nouns so It can't be a vio. 💵Money💵emoji💵💸 N Rolling stock of the Keighley and Worth Valley Railway: (1 edits, 1 major, +35754) N Slow ageing: Revision-deleted, now a redirect. N List of Peckett and Sons railway locomotives: (33 edits, 33 major, +32393) Holocaust train: (10 edits, 10 major, +28280) N Thomas Barrasford: (6 edits, 6 major, +25590) N Camper and Nicholsons: (1 edits, 1 major, +23996) N Crewe and Shrewsbury Railway: (5 edits, 5 major, +23804) N KORE Wireless: (10 edits, 10 major, +23065) N Xero Shoes: (16 edits, 16 major, +22784) Stunt performer: (6 edits, 6 major, +20087) N Rail transport in Jamaica: (1 edits, 1 major, +19653) Frederick Higginson: (15 edits, 15 major, +19272) Manchester and Milford Railway: (3 edits, 3 major, +19086) N Eggert Reeder: (8 edits, 8 major, +18844) N William Gravatt: (1 edits, 1 major, +18495) N List of rolling stock preserved on the Severn Valley Railway: (2 edits, 2 major, +18073) N HRD Motorcycles: (2 edits, 2 major, +18064) == Articles 21 through 40 == N North British Distillery: removed. Adlerhorst: (1 edits, 1 major, +16924) N Eric Lock: (1 edits, 1 major, +16327) N Walter Hayes: (1 edits, 1 major, +15972) N List of locomotives saved from Woodham Brothers scrapyard: (8 edits, 8 major, +15271) N Matty Hull: (2 edits, 2 major, +15026) N Bedford Dunstable plant: (8 edits, 8 major, +14868) PlayPhone: (1 edits, 1 major, +14550) N Raphael Rowe: (1 edits, 1 major, +14006) 1985 Brixton riot: (4 edits, 4 major, +13585) N Paul Gregg: (2 edits, 2 major, +13404) Gieves & Hawkes: (1 edits, 1 major, +13235) N GWR 6800 Class 6880 Betton Grange: (3 edits, 3 major, +12884) N Jim Drake (engineer): (2 edits, 2 major, +12819) N Pontypridd, Caerphilly and Newport Railway: (2 edits, 2 major, +12620) N Bentley Blower No.1: (12 edits, 12 major, +12519) N National Historic Fleet, Core Collection: (1 edits, 1 major, +12420) Edwin Hardy Amies: (2 edits, 2 major, +12415) N Mac Fisheries: (6 edits, 6 major, +12383) N Hornby Trains: (7 edits, 7 major, +12332) == Articles 41 through 60 == N Victor Gauntlett: (1 edits, 1 major, +12277) N Alfred County Railway: (1 edits, 1 major, +12272) N Paterson Clarence Hughes: (1 edits, 1 major, +12148) N South African Class NG G13 2-6-2+2-6-2: (17 edits, 17 major, +11875) N Seb Webber: (3 edits, 3 major, +11718) Doug Hayward: (1 edits, 1 major, +11683) N List of Kraft brands: (4 edits, 4 major, +11661) N Norton Commando: (1 edits, 1 major, +11457) N Sterilgarda: (12 edits, 12 major, +11359) Stanton Drew: (1 edits, 1 major, +11342) N Hardy Amies Ltd: (2 edits, 2 major, +11240) N Anonymous blogging: (59 edits, 59 major, +11163) N Tony Marchington: (16 edits, 16 major, +11147) N James H. Binger: (4 edits, 4 major, +11111) Craig-y-Nos Castle: (4 edits, 4 major, +11091) Port of Bridgwater: (22 edits, 22 major, +11037) N List of rolling stock preserved on the North Norfolk Railway: (1 edits, 1 major, +10998) Norton Manor Camp: (3 edits, 3 major, +10806) N Murder of Rachel Nickell: (1 edits, 1 major, +10800) N Rhondda and Swansea Bay Railway: (2 edits, 2 major, +10745) == Articles 61 through 80 == Crumlin Viaduct: (1 edits, 1 major, +10594) N Llanymynech railway station: (4 edits, 4 major, +10580) N Dr. Scholl's: (1 edits, 1 major, +10430) N Ron Haslam: (3 edits, 3 major, +10277) N Samuel Adams Green: (6 edits, 6 major, +10271) N Lambton Railway: (2 edits, 2 major, +10136) Hygena: (1 edits, 1 major, +10127) Philip Clemo: (1 edits, 1 major, +10087) N BMW K1: (1 edits, 1 major, +9959) N Mardy Colliery: (12 edits, 12 major, +9957) N Chris Breikss: , Deleted. 💵Money💵emoji💵💸 N Archie McKellar: (1 edits, 1 major, +9782) N Stanley Clarke (businessman): (11 edits, 11 major, +9765) Derek Jones (civil servant): (1 edits, 1 major, +9712) N Holly Samos: (2 edits, 2 major, +9672) N Idaho Air National Guard: (1 edits, 1 major, +9668) N Evans v United Kingdom: (6 edits, 6 major, +9586) N Grove House, Harrogate: (3 edits, 3 major, +9497) Vulcan Hotel: (2 edits, 2 major, +9378) N Raymond Couraud: (10 edits, 10 major, +9288) == Articles 81 through 100 == N The Innocence Project: (1 edits, 1 major, +9176) N William Gibbs (businessman): (5 edits, 5 major, +9172) N Corradino D'Ascanio: (1 edits, 1 major, +9147) N British Railway Milk Tank Wagon: (21 edits, 21 major, +9136) N Saltburn Pier: (7 edits, 7 major, +8966) N Bertie Crewe: (4 edits, 4 major, +8914) N John Charman: (1 edits, 1 major, +8778) N James Szlumper: (1 edits, 1 major, +8777) Lambretta: (5 edits, 5 major, +8762) N C. L. David: (1 edits, 1 major, +8749) N Harley Copp: (20 edits, 20 major, +8744) N Richard Caring: (29 edits, 29 major, +8740) N Gerrit Kastein: (1 edits, 1 major, +8709) N List of rolling stock preserved on the North Yorkshire Moors Railway: (6 edits, 6 major, +8697) N Manchester Observer: (1 edits, 1 major, +8585) N Marietta Peabody Tree: (13 edits, 13 major, +8535) N Allan Leighton: (2 edits, 2 major, +8503) N Stephanie Anne Lloyd: (9 edits, 9 major, +8325) N Lanchester Railway: (1 edits, 1 major, +8297) N Patrick Baynes: (17 edits, 17 major, +8289) == Articles 101 through 120 == N Defence Aviation Repair Agency: (2 edits, 2 major, +8257) Kamal Bahamdan: (1 edits, 1 major, +8254) Lanchester Valley Railway: (3 edits, 3 major, +8252) N Vernon Irvin: (2 edits, 2 major, +8237) Plant Oxford: (3 edits, 3 major, +8182) Bertie Smalls: (1 edits, 1 major, +8108) N Neil D. Drysdale: (2 edits, 2 major, +8071) Tyrone O'Sullivan: (1 edits, 1 major, +8043) N Penwyllt: (1 edits, 1 major, +8011) Vincent Motorcycles: (16 edits, 16 major, +7939) N Brian Carbury: (3 edits, 3 major, +7831) Nigel Martin-Smith: (2 edits, 2 major, +7591) N Safia Farkash: (13 edits, 13 major, +7557) Laguna Seca: (2 edits, 2 major, +7520) N PS John H Amos: (1 edits, 1 major, +7464) N Bob Doe: (2 edits, 2 major, +7454) N Gresford Colliery: (13 edits, 13 major, +7320) N Bingo Night Live: (1 edits, 1 major, +7293) N National Smelting Company: (3 edits, 3 major, +7261) N Mike Ashley (businessman): (5 edits, 5 major, +7215) == Articles 121 through 140 == British Rail Class 59: (15 edits, 15 major, +7160) N RCS MediaGroup: (4 edits, 4 major, +7123) N Rhydymwyn: (4 edits, 4 major, +7102) N The Whistle Blower: (1 edits, 1 major, +7082) N Ekkehard von Kuenssberg: Tagged for P. deletion. 💵Money💵emoji💵Talk💸Help out at CCI! Gianni Paladini: (2 edits, 2 major, +7045) Hartham Park: (1 edits, 1 major, +7039) Small Heath, Birmingham: (6 edits, 6 major, +7019) N Wellington Bank, Somerset: (10 edits, 10 major, +7012) Woolf Barnato: (2 edits, 2 major, +6992) N RAF West Freugh: (1 edits, 1 major, +6979) N Richard Potter (politician): (3 edits, 3 major, +6968) N Bath Blitz: (2 edits, 2 major, +6954) Silvertown Quays: (5 edits, 5 major, +6935) N 2013 Labour Party Falkirk candidate selection: (16 edits, 16 major, +6889) N Eddie Kulukundis: (1 edits, 1 major, +6877) N Waxed cotton: (1 edits, 1 major, +6813) N Charles Wigoder: (1 edits, 1 major, +6806) N Megan Dodds: (3 edits, 3 major, +6806) N Byrkley Lodge: (3 edits, 3 major, +6796) == Articles 141 through 160 == N Wrexham and Ellesmere Railway: (6 edits, 6 major, +6767) PS Medway Queen: (1 edits, 1 major, +6737) King's Cross Central: (5 edits, 5 major, +6714) Shrewsbury and Hereford Railway: (2 edits, 2 major, +6612) Cheryl Barrymore: (1 edits, 1 major, +6538) N Tees Marshalling Yard: (4 edits, 4 major, +6534) N Robert Dunlop: (3 edits, 3 major, +6528) N Sperenberg Airfield: (2 edits, 2 major, +6483) N Clive Gallop: (8 edits, 8 major, +6463) N Albert Gubay: (1 edits, 1 major, +6396) N Nieuw Vosseveld: (3 edits, 3 major, +6390) N Golders Green Hippodrome: (5 edits, 5 major, +6348) Wurlitzer theatre organs in the United Kingdom: (9 edits, 9 major, +6333) N Witton Park Colliery: (3 edits, 3 major, +6308) N Leominster and Kington Railway: (8 edits, 8 major, +6258) N Hesketh Motorcycles: (2 edits, 2 major, +6251) N Boticca: (13 edits, 13 major, +6197) Womanby Street: (14 edits, 14 major, +6173) Tunnelling companies of the Royal Engineers: (54 edits, 54 major, +6145) N Neath and Brecon Railway: (4 edits, 4 major, +6144) == Articles 161 through 180 == N James O'Donovan: (3 edits, 3 major, +6079) N Bordon and Longmoor Military Camps: (27 edits, 27 major, +6077) N Michael Montague, Baron Montague of Oxford: (1 edits, 1 major, +6055) Tenerife Tram: (7 edits, 7 major, +6016) Metaverse Mod Squad: (1 edits, 1 major, +5940) N Cefn Coed Colliery Museum: (1 edits, 1 major, +5939) N Gwyneth Lewis: (1 edits, 1 major, +5831) N Dale Tryon, Baroness Tryon: (9 edits, 9 major, +5821) N Peter Johnson (businessman): (2 edits, 2 major, +5809) N Harold Tillman: (8 edits, 8 major, +5765) ECOnetic: (3 edits, 3 major, +5744) N West Country Carnival: (39 edits, 39 major, +5738) Steven Herzberg: (1 edits, 1 major, +5717) N Arpad Busson: (9 edits, 9 major, +5705) Castaway 2007: (1 edits, 1 major, +5679) N Marjie Lawrence: (6 edits, 6 major, +5639) N Conwy Morfa: (1 edits, 1 major, +5632) N Oswestry, Ellesmere and Whitchurch Railway: (3 edits, 3 major, +5596) Bowater: (7 edits, 7 major, +5587) North Wales child abuse scandal: (23 edits, 23 major, +5553) == Articles 181 through 200 == N Ronald Tree: (4 edits, 4 major, +5541) N Hownes Gill Viaduct: (4 edits, 4 major, +5539) Aston Martin: (7 edits, 7 major, +5532) N James Wroe: (1 edits, 1 major, +5518) N Georgian Railways: (3 edits, 3 major, +5505) South Wales Railway: (3 edits, 3 major, +5500) Terry Spencer (RAF officer): (1 edits, 1 major, +5474) N Frederick Banister: (19 edits, 19 major, +5453) N William Menelaus: (12 edits, 12 major, +5451) N Christophe Plantin Prize: (1 edits, 1 major, +5436) N Jujamcyn Theaters: (3 edits, 3 major, +5409) N List of Wurlitzer Band Organs: (1 edits, 1 major, +5390) Tudeley: (3 edits, 3 major, +5383) N BSA Rocket 3/Triumph Trident: (9 edits, 9 major, +5381) N Alan Posener: (2 edits, 2 major, +5368) Tyntesfield: (58 edits, 58 major, +5357) N William Esrey: (1 edits, 1 major, +5349) Auto Union: (5 edits, 5 major, +5325) The Vulcan, Cardiff: (1 edits, 1 major, +5301) Johnny Edward: (1 edits, 1 major, +5236) == Articles 201 through 220 == Bryan Budd: (1 edits, 1 major, +5232) N Hugh Beaver: (1 edits, 1 major, +5220) N Patrick Dowling (producer): (1 edits, 1 major, +5197) N Vision Aid Overseas: (1 edits, 1 major, +5183) N You're the One That I Want!: (6 edits, 6 major, +5168) N Babington House: (1 edits, 1 major, +5161) Merthyr Vale: (7 edits, 7 major, +5156) N 2007 Superbike World Championship season: (2 edits, 2 major, +5132) N Andrew Brownsword: (2 edits, 2 major, +5125) N Ed Victor: (1 edits, 1 major, +5107) Nadine Coyle: (1 edits, 1 major, +5092) N Diane Coyle: (1 edits, 1 major, +5087) N John Peel (gynaecologist): (2 edits, 2 major, +5075) N National Filling Factory, Banbury: (3 edits, 3 major, +5070) N Motorcycle trials: (2 edits, 2 major, +5068) N Prefabs in the UK: (59 edits, 59 major, +5060) N Yeovil to Taunton Line: (19 edits, 19 major, +5056) N RAF Honiley: (1 edits, 1 major, +5048) N Bickershaw Colliery: (15 edits, 15 major, +5028) N Llangurig branch: (8 edits, 8 major, +4992) == Articles 221 through 240 == N Little Circle: (3 edits, 3 major, +4985) Crosville Motor Services: (2 edits, 2 major, +4976) N Bernard Willson: (5 edits, 5 major, +4970) N Ewenny Pottery: (2 edits, 2 major, +4951) N Micky Burn: (1 edits, 1 major, +4946) N Wansbrough Paper Mill: (9 edits, 9 major, +4944) N Liz Fuller: (2 edits, 2 major, +4929) Ranjit Singh Boparan: (5 edits, 5 major, +4915) Marlon King: (4 edits, 4 major, +4914) N Pablo Mason: (1 edits, 1 major, +4914) N Norman Skelhorn: (1 edits, 1 major, +4911) David Wickins: (8 edits, 8 major, +4909) N Julia Somerville: (6 edits, 6 major, +4866) Reuben Brothers: (2 edits, 2 major, +4857) N Up for Grabs (play): (1 edits, 1 major, +4825) N Alastair Ross Goobey: (6 edits, 6 major, +4822) N Blackberry Hill Hospital: (5 edits, 5 major, +4812) N David Wickens: (1 edits, 1 major, +4811) Kathleen and May: (8 edits, 8 major, +4808) Anya Hindmarch: (17 edits, 17 major, +4803) == Articles 241 through 260 == N Northern Racing: (6 edits, 6 major, +4800) Montana Rail Link: (1 edits, 1 major, +4790) Florence Brudenell-Bruce: (1 edits, 1 major, +4790) N Donington Hall: (3 edits, 3 major, +4782) N Eugene de Kleist: (2 edits, 2 major, +4776) Brake van: (1 edits, 1 major, +4756) N Moreton Hall: (1 edits, 1 major, +4754) N Alain Chapel: (2 edits, 2 major, +4751) Gorgie: (8 edits, 8 major, +4742) All Saints' Church, Tudeley: (5 edits, 5 major, +4740) N SS Gairsoppa: (1 edits, 1 major, +4723) N Leon Max: (2 edits, 2 major, +4717) N Brammallite: (1 edits, 1 major, +4704) N Fiona Shackleton: (5 edits, 5 major, +4703) N Marco Borciani: (7 edits, 7 major, +4663) Norton Villiers Triumph: (3 edits, 3 major, +4647) N Sarah Loosemore: (4 edits, 4 major, +4644) N Richard Faulds: (1 edits, 1 major, +4634) Coupe de Ville: (4 edits, 4 major, +4628) N St Andrew's Church, Tangmere: (1 edits, 1 major, +4616) == Articles 261 through 280 == N David Ross (businessman): (26 edits, 26 major, +4616) N Cantley Hall: (1 edits, 1 major, +4600) DB Schenker Rail (UK): (5 edits, 5 major, +4591) Cow & Gate: (1 edits, 1 major, +4544) N Brian Barron: (4 edits, 4 major, +4543) N Party Animals (TV series): (1 edits, 1 major, +4532) N Europorte: (2 edits, 2 major, +4529) N Wentworth Estate: (3 edits, 3 major, +4526) N Charlie Wilson (criminal): (7 edits, 7 major, +4522) N Dayle Haddon: (1 edits, 1 major, +4520) GWR 6000 Class: (5 edits, 5 major, +4517) Avonmouth Docks: (14 edits, 14 major, +4490) N Addison Lee: (6 edits, 6 major, +4485) N The Chocolate Works: (8 edits, 8 major, +4481) Michael Barrymore: (1 edits, 1 major, +4479) William Forbes-Sempill, 19th Lord Sempill: (8 edits, 8 major, +4479) Walnut Tree Viaduct: (14 edits, 14 major, +4478) N Llanfyllin Branch: (5 edits, 5 major, +4473) N Fencote railway station: (1 edits, 1 major, +4464) N Durham to Bishop Auckland Line: (4 edits, 4 major, +4450) == Articles 281 through 300 == N Elswick Hopper: (3 edits, 3 major, +4448) N Cynthia Bower: (7 edits, 7 major, +4429) N Cactus TV: , seems likely to have been deleted for copyvio reasons.💵Money💵emoji💵💸 N Ferndale Colliery: (14 edits, 14 major, +4416) N Lilleshall Hall: (8 edits, 8 major, +4410) Buckinghamshire Railway Centre: (10 edits, 10 major, +4405) William Champion (metallurgist): (1 edits, 1 major, +4401) N Coventry Colliery: (21 edits, 21 major, +4392) Stockton and Darlington Railway: (2 edits, 2 major, +4389) N Cardiff Docks: (3 edits, 3 major, +4387) Rachel Stevens: (1 edits, 1 major, +4378) N Arrange Me a Marriage: (1 edits, 1 major, +4377) N Port of Newhaven: (15 edits, 15 major, +4374) N Millwall Iron Works: (3 edits, 3 major, +4344) N Sea Palling Lifeboat Station: (8 edits, 8 major, +4327) N Birmingham West Suburban Railway: (27 edits, 27 major, +4319) Thomas Potter (mayor): (2 edits, 2 major, +4310) General Motors Europe: (2 edits, 2 major, +4300) N Owen Money: (2 edits, 2 major, +4298) N Brooke Hospital for Animals: (1 edits, 1 major, +4290) == Articles 301 through 320 == N Nathaniel Wells: (1 edits, 1 major, +4273) N Gordon Lorenz: (4 edits, 4 major, +4273) N Antony Gibbs & Sons: (10 edits, 10 major, +4255) Colin Montgomerie: (12 edits, 12 major, +4255) Walter de Frece: (1 edits, 1 major, +4254) N Jimmy Akingbola: (4 edits, 4 major, +4244) N Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains: (2 edits, 2 major, +4238) Biscuit: (7 edits, 7 major, +4237) N Biscuit (bread): (4 edits, 4 major, +4233) N Ebbw Vale Steelworks: (23 edits, 23 major, +4223) N GWR Super Saloons: (17 edits, 17 major, +4215) N Nantgarw Colliery: (1 edits, 1 major, +4214) British Superbike Championship: (1 edits, 1 major, +4179) Bristol Tramways: (5 edits, 5 major, +4172) Taff Vale Railway: (2 edits, 2 major, +4169) N ROF Rotherwas: (6 edits, 6 major, +4165) Southborough, Kent: (2 edits, 2 major, +4162) Sports Direct: (5 edits, 5 major, +4162) N Arthur Dimmock: (1 edits, 1 major, +4159) Karen Carpenter: (5 edits, 5 major, +4150) == Articles 321 through 340 == N Coloroll: (5 edits, 5 major, +4143) Scammell: (6 edits, 6 major, +4126) N MV Paul R. Tregurtha: (10 edits, 10 major, +4126) N Belliss and Morcom: (7 edits, 7 major, +4118) Countrywide: (1 edits, 1 major, +4118) Nesscliffe: (3 edits, 3 major, +4093) N Shelley Conn: (3 edits, 3 major, +4092) N Louis Joubert Lock: (5 edits, 5 major, +4083) N Goldney family: (6 edits, 6 major, +4068) N Ffos-y-fran Land Reclamation Scheme: (4 edits, 4 major, +4060) N Samantha Poling: (3 edits, 3 major, +4052) N Brighton Institute of Modern Music: (1 edits, 1 major, +4047) N Lawrence Tomlinson: (4 edits, 4 major, +4046) N Trinity Theatre: (3 edits, 3 major, +4046) The Ting Tings: (9 edits, 9 major, +4042) N Intepe: (4 edits, 4 major, +4023) N Absalom Watkin: (9 edits, 9 major, +4009) N BP Shipping: (7 edits, 7 major, +4004) N Chris Bromham: (1 edits, 1 major, +3997) Beatrix Potter: (7 edits, 7 major, +3996) == Articles 341 through 360 == Yamaha YZR-M1: (2 edits, 2 major, +3992) Gatwick Airport: (1 edits, 1 major, +3982) N Innovia Films Ltd: (11 edits, 11 major, +3980) N Russell Goodway: (1 edits, 1 major, +3978) Peter Phillips: (1 edits, 1 major, +3954) N Oswestry railway station: (11 edits, 11 major, +3945) N Ferryhill railway station: (4 edits, 4 major, +3938) N William Paxton (businessman): (21 edits, 21 major, +3929) N Richard Potter (businessman): (12 edits, 12 major, +3922) St George's Park National Football Centre: (2 edits, 2 major, +3920) N Sir John Pound, 1st Baronet: (2 edits, 2 major, +3917) N Diciotti-class offshore patrol vessel: (6 edits, 6 major, +3910) N Amanda Stretton: (1 edits, 1 major, +3903) N Mark Ellison: (2 edits, 2 major, +3903) N Vogelsang, Zehdenick: (2 edits, 2 major, +3897) Vespa: (52 edits, 52 major, +3891) Box Tunnel: (4 edits, 4 major, +3883) Laura Ashley: (13 edits, 13 major, +3875) N Gren: (6 edits, 6 major, +3861) N Elterngeld: (1 edits, 1 major, +3861) == Articles 361 through 380 == Datapoint: (7 edits, 7 major, +3850) N Paul Scott-Lee: (1 edits, 1 major, +3836) RAF Kirton in Lindsey: (1 edits, 1 major, +3829) N Ferrari Pinin: (5 edits, 5 major, +3826) Arthur Widmer: (1 edits, 1 major, +3821) Operation Silbertanne: (1 edits, 1 major, +3813) N J. Lyons and Co., Greenford: (10 edits, 10 major, +3806) St Philip's Marsh depot: (1 edits, 1 major, +3800) Shropshire and Montgomeryshire Railway: (2 edits, 2 major, +3795) N Corinthia Hotel London: (12 edits, 12 major, +3794) N Swyddfa'r Sir: (8 edits, 8 major, +3794) N Murder of Lesley Whittle: (16 edits, 16 major, +3786) N Imberhorne Viaduct: (1 edits, 1 major, +3781) N Auto Union racing car: (22 edits, 22 major, +3774) Cambrian Heritage Railways: (2 edits, 2 major, +3771) Robert Earl: (3 edits, 3 major, +3769) Beaten biscuit: (1 edits, 1 major, +3769) N Business Consulting International: (9 edits, 9 major, +3768) Cristina Odone: (5 edits, 5 major, +3764) N Tim O'Toole (businessman): (15 edits, 15 major, +3752) == Articles 381 through 400 == Alan Pegler: (4 edits, 4 major, +3749) Hendrik Seyffardt: (6 edits, 6 major, +3736) N K1 fund: (11 edits, 11 major, +3726) Fairground organ: (3 edits, 3 major, +3723) N Robert de Foy: (9 edits, 9 major, +3711) N Oneflare: (9 edits, 9 major, +3709) N National Wool Museum: (1 edits, 1 major, +3706) N Angie Best: (1 edits, 1 major, +3700) N Careers In The Outdoors: , as said by jln at the articles afd.💵Money💵emoji💵💸 N Deep Navigation Colliery: (26 edits, 26 major, +3684) N SS Oceana (1888): (14 edits, 14 major, +3679) N Odeon Cinema, Weston-super-Mare: (4 edits, 4 major, +3674) N Alex Jones (presenter): (9 edits, 9 major, +3672) N DMAX (TV channel): (1 edits, 1 major, +3667) N Barry Railway Company: (7 edits, 7 major, +3664) Victor Poor: (6 edits, 6 major, +3658) N Mark Allen (businessman): (4 edits, 4 major, +3656) N GE Capital Rail Services (Europe): (3 edits, 3 major, +3654) Kransberg Castle: (4 edits, 4 major, +3650) N Stanwell Place: (4 edits, 4 major, +3642) == Articles 401 through 420 == N Tarenni Colliery: (12 edits, 12 major, +3640) Saint-Nazaire: (32 edits, 32 major, +3633) N Michael Hogben: (11 edits, 11 major, +3629) Lucie Green: (9 edits, 9 major, +3628) Thursford Collection: (2 edits, 2 major, +3628) Newman Darby: (1 edits, 1 major, +3623) Cathays: (3 edits, 3 major, +3619) N Kettering Conference Centre: (3 edits, 3 major, +3605) British absolute block signalling: (2 edits, 2 major, +3599) N Oheka II: (11 edits, 11 major, +3596) Deep-fried Mars bar: (2 edits, 2 major, +3596) N Jason Atherton: (5 edits, 5 major, +3595) N Eric Vansittart Bowater: (3 edits, 3 major, +3592) N Sir David Llewellyn, 4th Baronet: (2 edits, 2 major, +3588) N Ruth Watson: (1 edits, 1 major, +3585) N Port of Benghazi: (3 edits, 3 major, +3573) Ellie Harrison (journalist): (3 edits, 3 major, +3556) N Falkenhagen Bunker: (1 edits, 1 major, +3556) Lewis Collins: (1 edits, 1 major, +3554) Maerdy Branch: (4 edits, 4 major, +3553) == Articles 421 through 440 == N Devonshire Royal Hospital: (3 edits, 3 major, +3549) Prefabricated home: (2 edits, 2 major, +3545) Chris Herbert: (2 edits, 2 major, +3544) N John Watson Gibson: (6 edits, 6 major, +3541) N Erich Reich: (5 edits, 5 major, +3533) Furness General Hospital maternity ward deaths investigation: (3 edits, 3 major, +3531) Luke Treadaway: (6 edits, 6 major, +3530) N Ellen Alemany: (2 edits, 2 major, +3528) Somerset County Cricket Club: (18 edits, 18 major, +3521) N Barry Bright: (1 edits, 1 major, +3513) Greta Garbo: (6 edits, 6 major, +3512) N Tony Hayward: (5 edits, 5 major, +3511) Harry Greene (television personality): (13 edits, 13 major, +3502) Second-language acquisition: (1 edits, 1 major, +3501) Second-language acquisition classroom research: (1 edits, 1 major, +3499) Out of the Blue (2008 TV series): (3 edits, 3 major, +3498) Ian Levine: (9 edits, 9 major, +3497) Vale of Glamorgan Line: (1 edits, 1 major, +3492) Barry Hearn: (6 edits, 6 major, +3468) N European Anti Poverty Network: (1 edits, 1 major, +3464) == Articles 441 through 460 == Chris Needs: (3 edits, 3 major, +3464) Danske Bank (Ireland): (1 edits, 1 major, +3462) N Carnforth MPD: (12 edits, 12 major, +3460) N Bakkavör: (1 edits, 1 major, +3453) N Is Harry on the Boat?: (1 edits, 1 major, +3441) N University of East London Stratford Campus: (8 edits, 8 major, +3434) N Lexi Holdings: (14 edits, 14 major, +3425) Ivan Misner: (31 edits, 31 major, +3422) N Rowden Mill railway station: (6 edits, 6 major, +3412) T. E. Lawrence: (2 edits, 2 major, +3406) The AIRE Centre: (1 edits, 1 major, +3399) N Turweston Aerodrome: (3 edits, 3 major, +3399) N James Ross (Canadian businessman): (13 edits, 13 major, +3386) N Concert Communications Services: (11 edits, 11 major, +3385) N Rubén Xaus: (3 edits, 3 major, +3380) N Royal Scot Locomotive and General Trust: (1 edits, 1 major, +3374) N Greeves (motorcycles): (1 edits, 1 major, +3373) N Edward Mortlock Donaldson: (16 edits, 16 major, +3346) N Samworth Brothers: (4 edits, 4 major, +3339) N Renkioi Hospital: (7 edits, 7 major, +3325) == Articles 461 through 480 == N Maureen Dunlop de Popp: (6 edits, 6 major, +3323) N Axminster Carpets: (12 edits, 12 major, +3323) N Hirwaun railway station: (9 edits, 9 major, +3319) N Andrea Byrne: (2 edits, 2 major, +3313) N Lambton Collieries: (12 edits, 12 major, +3312) N Carter & Carter: (3 edits, 3 major, +3298) N Flatford Mill (Scene on a Navigable River): (6 edits, 6 major, +3293) Claire Rayner: (6 edits, 6 major, +3285) National Prosecuting Authority: (1 edits, 1 major, +3283) N Ernest Harrison: (5 edits, 5 major, +3281) Pollyanna Woodward: (6 edits, 6 major, +3270) N North Tonawanda Barrel Organ Factory: (9 edits, 9 major, +3267) N Rhodri Owen: (3 edits, 3 major, +3265) N Slade Green Depot: (3 edits, 3 major, +3257) N Lisa Edwards: (1 edits, 1 major, +3254) N Barbara Serra: (2 edits, 2 major, +3251) Angharad Rees: (2 edits, 2 major, +3237) Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Educación: (10 edits, 10 major, +3227) Saracen Foundry: (18 edits, 18 major, +3222) Clangers: (1 edits, 1 major, +3211) == Articles 481 through 500 == N Lee Congerton: (3 edits, 3 major, +3210) N Hengoed Viaduct: (12 edits, 12 major, +3200) Julie Gayet: (1 edits, 1 major, +3197) N Nick Leslau: (11 edits, 11 major, +3196) N Leander G (yacht): (4 edits, 4 major, +3193) N Buile Hill Park: (1 edits, 1 major, +3186) N St Edward's Hospital: (4 edits, 4 major, +3185) N Jenny Watson: (3 edits, 3 major, +3181) David Wilson (criminologist): (13 edits, 13 major, +3176) Longmoor Military Railway: (6 edits, 6 major, +3174) N Michael Caplan: (1 edits, 1 major, +3171) N Richard MacCormac: (10 edits, 10 major, +3160) USATC S160 Class: (15 edits, 15 major, +3153) Spa Valley Railway: (3 edits, 3 major, +3140) N Royal Pier, Aberystwyth: (5 edits, 5 major, +3135) Henry Hodge: (6 edits, 6 major, +3133) N Courtaulds: (13 edits, 13 major, +3125) N Angharad Mair: (5 edits, 5 major, +3124) Tiger Bay: (3 edits, 3 major, +3123) N Ashton Avenue Bridge: (13 edits, 13 major, +3114) This report generated by Contribution Surveyor at 2014-08-01T15:33:51+00:00 in 256.03 sec. ==Older list of contributions== === Articles 1 through 20 === Swyddfa'r Sir Totality principle Kent and Sussex Crematorium and Cemetery Rookley Manor, Hampshire Oneflare KORE Wireless Xero Shoes Ashton Avenue Bridge Slow ageing GWR Super Saloons Bristol Channel Pilot Cutter SS Oceana (1888) Porthdinllaen Lifeboat Station Catherine Fall Tim O'Toole (businessman) Tim O'Toole (basketball coach) Stapleford Woods Marco Borciani === Articles 21 through 40 === Sterilgarda Camilla Arfwedson University of East London Stratford Campus East Village, Stratford David Barby Bwllfa Colliery Jeremiah Homfray Ebbw Vale Steelworks Trostre Steelworks New Street Works Benelli Tornado Tre 900 Flatford Mill (Scene on a Navigable River) The Lock (Constable) Northern Racing The Chocolate Works Stanley Clarke (businessman) Belliss and Morcom Yeovil to Taunton Line Coventry Colliery Whitburn Colliery === Articles 41 through 60 === Maureen Dunlop de Popp SolveIT Software NeverSeconds Anonymous blogging MacFarlan Smith North British Distillery Wellington Bank, Somerset Emgrand EC7 Ford Southampton plant Bedford Dunstable plant Vauxhall Ellesmere Port Pen y Cymoedd Draethen Royal Scot Locomotive and General Trust Business Consulting International Higham Park Clive Gallop Bentley Blower No.1 === Articles 61 through 80 === Lucy Panton Penarth Pier Liverpool and North Wales Steamship Company Beaumaris Pier Garth Pier Richard MacCormac Bordon and Longmoor Military Camps Richard Potter (businessman) Renkioi Hospital Intepe Honda SS50 Little Circle Manchester Observer Manchester Gazette Llanfyllin Branch Newtown and Machynlleth Railway Wrexham and Ellesmere Railway Oswestry, Ellesmere and Whitchurch Railway All Wales Ethnic Minority Association Oswestry and Newtown Railway === Articles 81 through 100 === Oswestry railway station Cambrian railways works Cathays railways works Standish Hospital Honours Forfeiture Committee J. Lyons and Co., Greenford British Railway Milk Tank Wagon Peat extraction on the Somerset Levels Chris Kyle Womanby Street Caroline Street (Cardiff) Walnut Tree Viaduct Fort Monckton RNAD Trecwn George Pinker GWR Toad Hengoed Viaduct Margam Knuckle Yard Ginetta G50 Ferndale Colliery === Articles 101 through 120 === Deep Navigation Colliery Tareni Colliery Tewit Well William Slingsby Royal Pump Room, Harrogate Royal Hall, Harrogate Grove House, Harrogate Norman Smith (journalist) Tom Crone Glan Llyn Malcolm Arnold (athletics coach) Safia Farkash Tythrop Park Whitehead Mann Coloroll Eggert Reeder Castillo Concejuelo Treasury Wine Estates Lexi Holdings Tredegar Iron and Coal Company === Articles 121 through 140 === Blackberry Hill Hospital Kathleen and May Cruse Bereavement Care Royal Arcade, Cardiff Morgan Arcade Wurlitzers in the United Kingdom Crocus City Mall Stephanie Booth Peter Walker (brewer) Bab al-Azizia Ceibwr Bay Peter Vaughan (police officer) Carmel Napier H.R. Owen Freestone and Webb Murder of Anni Dewani Tony Marchington Harley Copp Jay Hunt (television executive) === Articles 141 through 160 === Sprinkler dance Neil Martin (motorsport) Mordecai Jones Nine Mile Point Colliery List of Peckett and Sons railway locomotives Matthew Clark Maerdy Branch Mardy Colliery Peckett OQ Class Cardiff Gaol James Munby Meirion Pennar Nicholas Mostyn Barrie Wells Chester Barrie Thomas Barrasford Taskers of Andover British shadow factories Nails Inc. Frederick Higginson === Articles 161 through 180 === Geoffrey Adam Shakerley, 6th Baronet Shakerley John Watson Gibson J&W Nicholson & Co Heron International Addison Lee Troubleshooter (TV series) Not Forgotten Association Hanwell Cemetery Courtenay Griffiths MV Paul R. Tregurtha Kenneth Huang Alex Jones (presenter) BP Shipping British post-war temporary prefab houses Christensen Shipyards Scarborough Fair Collection Samworth Brothers Palethorpes Bowyers Pork Farms === Articles 181 through 200 === New bespoke movement Mac Fisheries Vampire dugout J-Setting Birmingham West Suburban Railway Andy Sturgeon Saltburn Pier Royal Pier, Aberystwyth Katrina Jacks Wyre Davies Lionel Beaumont Thomas Holyhead Maritime Museum Stork (margarine) Jennie Gow Ekkehard von Kuenssberg Western Welsh Oheka II Southport resolution Tiphook Cargowaggon === Articles 201 through 220 === John McNamara (fraudster) Biscuits Fossier Crewe and Shrewsbury Railway Leominster and Kington Railway Le Lieu Unique Nos Galan road race Principal Hayley Group Erich Reich Richard Caring Central Rivers TMD British Airlines Stewards and Stewardesses Association Trowbridge Tadao Baba Raymond Couraud Nieuw Vosseveld David East Erika Chambers

Contributor copyright investigations/Trident13

Rugova or Rugovo may refer to: Rugova Canyon, a canyon in Kosovo Rugova (region), am ethnographic region near Peć in Kosovo Rugovo (sword dance), a traditional sword dance of the above region Ibrahim Rugova, a politician

Rugova

== A welcome from Sango123 == Hello, , and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers: If you haven't already, drop by the New user log and tell others a bit about yourself. Always sign your posts on talk pages! That way, others will know who left which comments. The Five Pillars of Wikipedia Simplified Ruleset How to edit a page Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial Picture tutorial How to write a great article Naming conventions Manual of Style Wikipedia Glossary I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Though we all make goofy mistakes, here is what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful. Happy editing! P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

Lucas Sauer

Benjamin Howard Shaw (27 July 1865 – 27 October 1942) was a British labour movement activist. Born in Longwood, Huddersfield, Shaw's father owned the nearby Spring Gardens Mill, where cotton was spun. Shaw left school at the age of fourteen, to work for his father's business, but Shaw wished to further his education, and four years later was permitted to attend Huddersfield Technical College, where he became interested in the writings of John Ruskin. He returned to the mill a year later, his interest in Ruskin leading him to read William Morris' writings and become a socialist. In 1892, he joined the Colne Valley Labour Union, and subsequently became an early member of the Independent Labour Party (ILP). In 1893, he was a founder of a Labour Church in his village, and he became its secretary. Shaw's socialist activism brought him into conflict with his father and, as a result, he readily accepted an offer from Keir Hardie to moved to Glasgow early in 1894 and work on the Labour Leader, the ILP's newspaper. While Shaw occasionally wrote for the paper, he principally took a managerial role. He also launched the short-lived Glasgow Commonweal newspaper in 1896, and through the newspaper he met and married Joanna Bruce in 1900. Now married, Shaw remained in Glasgow when the printing of the Labour Leader was moved elsewhere, and he instead found work with the Civic Press. He remained active in the ILP, serving as secretary of its Glasgow branch from 1903 to 1906, and standing unsuccessfully for the Townhead ward in 1905. In his spare time, he was active in the temperance movement, and also in the Shop Assistants' Union, representing it on occasion to the Scottish Trades Union Congress (STUC). In 1909, he was vice-chair of the STUC, and soon afterwards he became head of the insurance department of the Scottish Horse and Motormen's Union. In 1911, the Labour Party decided for the first time to form a single branch for the whole of Glasgow, and Shaw became its secretary. However, the merger provoked numerous conflicts between different socialist groups, and Shaw stood down in 1914, to become secretary of the party's new Scottish Advisory Council. Joanna died in 1916, and Shaw then met Clarice McNab, the two marrying in 1918. As secretary of the Scottish Council, Shaw initially focused on supporting the broader labour movement through World War I, while probably being personally opposed to the conflict. He strongly supported John Maclean when he was gaoled for his part in the events of Red Clydeside, but he subsequently became a firm opponent of the Communist Party of Great Britain, notably by manoeuvering to ensure that the communist Walton Newbold was not re-selected as the Labour candidate in Motherwell. In 1932, Shaw retired from active politics, and he resigned from the ILP later in the year, when it disaffiliated from the Labour Party. He spend his retirement supporting McNab's political career, until he died suddenly in 1942. ==References== 1865 births 1942 deaths Independent Labour Party politicians

Ben Shaw (Labour activist)

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72.72.44.253

Tapolca (Tapolcai járás) is a district in south-western part of Veszprém County. Tapolca is also the name of the town where the district seat is found. The district is located in the Central Transdanubia Statistical Region. == Geography == Tapolca District borders with Sümeg District and Ajka District to the north, Veszprém District and Balatonfüred District to the east, Fonyód District (Somogy County) to the south, Keszthely District (Zala County) to the west. The number of the inhabited places in Tapolca District is 33. == Municipalities == The district has 2 towns, 1 large village and 30 villages. (population as of 1 January 2013) The bolded municipalities are cities, italics municipality is large village. ==See also== List of cities and towns in Hungary ==References== ==External links== Postal codes of the Tapolca District Districts in Veszprém County

Tapolca District

== January 2008 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. ÐeadΣyeДrrow (Talk | Contribs)

137.99.137.1

Notable athletes who have played for the University of California, Santa Barbara's men's basketball team. Women's basketball at this school has its own category. College men's basketball players in the United States Basketball, men Players

UC Santa Barbara Gauchos men's basketball players

{| |} RFA Argus is a ship of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary operated by the MoD under the Blue Ensign. Italian-built, Argus was formerly the container ship Contender Bezant. The ship was requisitioned in 1982 for service in the Falklands War and purchased outright in 1984 for use as an Aviation Training Ship, replacing RFA Engadine. In 1991, during the Gulf War, she was fitted with an extensive and fully functional hospital to assume the additional role of Primary Casualty Receiving Ship. In 2009, the PCRS role became the ship's primary function. Argus is due to remain in service until 2024. As the ship is armed and is not painted in the required white with red crosses, the Geneva Convention prevents her from being officially classified as a . ==Design and facilities== After a four-year conversion at Harland and Wolff in Belfast, the ship entered RFA service in 1988. Having been initially designed as a container ship, she would have been too stable when unloaded, making her motion at sea "very stiff" which resulted in a very short roll period which is not appropriate for operating helicopters. Therefore, her superstructure is deliberately heavily built (weighing some 800 tons), and she has 1,800 tons of concrete ballast carried in former hatch covers, which have been inverted to form tray-like structures. Being a former container ship, Argus does not have a traditional aircraft carrier layout - the ship's superstructure is located forward, with a long flight deck aft. The ship has a small secondary superstructure approximately two-thirds of the way down the flight deck, containing the ship's exhaust funnel. This is used by small helicopters to simulate landing on the flight deck of a destroyer or frigate. For the 1991 Gulf War Argus was fitted with a fully functional hospital, which has since been modified and extensively augmented with specialist equipment, providing 70 beds. The ship is equipped with an intensive-care unit, and can provide medical x-ray and CT-scan services. Casualties can be quickly transferred from the deck directly into the assessment area. In recent years the ship's role as a Primary Casualty Receiving Ship, rather than her aviation training duties, has been considered her primary role. In 2007 the ship was refitted with upgraded hospital facilities (replacing the forward aircraft lift with a ramp for emergency exit for hospital trollies and patients as well as two 50-man passenger lifts that lead to a new structure erected on the flight deck), generators and aviation systems (the ship is due to receive an upgrade to its night-vision capabilities enabling the use of WAH-64 Apache helicopters) to give an operational life until 2020. ==Service history== ===1990s=== Argus entered service with the RFA in 1988, replacing in the aviation training role. The ship deployed to the Persian Gulf in 1991 for service in the Gulf War (Operation Granby), and also saw service in the Adriatic in 1993 and 1999 supporting British operations in Bosnia and over Kosovo respectively. During this period, Argus operated in part as a LPH. Her unsuitability for this role was a major factor in the commissioning of . ===2000s=== During times of war RFA Argus acts as a floating hospital with two fully equipped wards and mortuary. The hospital was utilised in this way off the coast of Freetown in 2000-01, in support of British operations against the rebel West Side Boys. A program to replace Argus called the Joint Casualty Treatment Ship (JCTS) was put on hold in December 2001 after passing initial approval. The Integrated Project Team (IPT) managing the project was subsequently disbanded in 2005. Argus was most recently stationed at her home port of Falmouth in Cornwall, England, though being an RFA ship means that she also uses the former naval dockyard on Portland in Dorset, England. In 2003 Argus was deployed again to the Gulf as a Primary Casualty Reception Ship during Operation Telic. A 33 ship fleet supported a British amphibious assault of the Al-Faw Peninsula. In 2008 she deployed to the Middle East to act as a platform for Sea King ASaC7 helicopters. ===2010s=== In June 2011, Argus was operating in the Middle East around Yemen. By August she had returned to Falmouth and was filmed for the film World War Z. Originally she was to portray the fictional "USS Madison (LHD-19)" but in the final cut of the film, appeared as "U.N. Command Ship USS Argus." In mid-May 2012 the vessel, with embarked forces from the Royal Marines and Fleet Air Arm, including an embarked Super Lynx helicopter and the newly formed Humanitarian and Disaster Relief Team, set sail for North America to support potential humanitarian operations during the hurricane season. Their primary mission was to support the British Overseas Territories should they require assistance in the hurricane season as well as maintaining the constant Royal Navy presence within the wider region. Before commencing her disaster relief mission the ship engaged in multinational exercises and celebrations commemorating the War of 1812 with units from the US Navy as part of OpSail 2012. In 2013 the ship was used for training with the AgustaWestland Wildcat, the successor to the Lynx. In 2014 the ship participated in the annual Exercise Joint Warrior, practising Medical Evacuation and Treatment. On 8 October 2014, UK Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond announced that the RFA Argus would travel to Sierra Leone to assist with the 2014 Ebola outbreak. On 30 October of the same year, the vessel docked in Sierra Leone, with three Merlin helicopters embarked. In mid-2017 Argus was host to four Wildcat helicopters from 825 Naval Air Squadron for initial training off the coast of Portugal which lasted for three weeks. In June 2018, following a year-long refit, she embarked Merlin HC4 helicopters of 845 Naval Air Squadron and Wildcats of 847 NAS which practised amphibious landings in support of exercise Baltic Protector in the Baltic Sea. ==References== ==External links== Royal Navy official website: RFA Argus Training ships of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary Gulf War ships of the United Kingdom 1981 ships

RFA Argus (A135)

== April 2009 == Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to the page Sport in New Zealand has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Maxis ftw (talk)

69.107.76.198

The Big Sky Conference Player of the Year Award, officially known as the Big Sky Conference Most Valuable Player Award, is an annual basketball award given to the Big Sky Conference's most outstanding player. The award was first given following the 1978–79 season. Only one player, Larry Krystkowiak of Montana, has won the award three times (1984–1986). Three others have been two-time winners: Orlando Lightfoot of Idaho (1993, 1994) and Harold Arceneaux (1999, 2000) and Damian Lillard (2010, 2012) of Weber State. Weber State has the most all-time awards (11) and individual winners (9). Montana is second in total awards with seven, while Idaho (which returned to the Big Sky in 2014 after an 18-year absence) has had six. Those two schools are tied for second in individual winners with five. Only one current Big Sky member, Southern Utah (which joined in 2012), has never had a winner. ==Key== ==Winners== ==Winners by school== ==Footnotes== ==References== NCAA Division I men's basketball conference players of the year Player Awards established in 1979

Big Sky Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year

==Untitled== Source for suburb's size = Melway - I measure 4.4km x 6.4km. The ABS's website had a ridiculously low estimate of 0.4 km². Orderinchaos78

Bangholme, Victoria

== October 2017 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a message letting you know that one or more of your recent edits to Manually coded English has been undone by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG. ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made was constructive, please read about it, , remove this message from your talk page, and then make the edit again. For help, take a look at the introduction. The following is the log entry regarding this message: Manually coded English was changed by 160.177.135.134 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.950195 on 2017-10-27T19:45:17+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)

160.177.135.134

Dixie (board wargame)

Clay County, West Virginia Clay

People from Clay County, West Virginia

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130.39.172.242

== April 2009 == Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to the page Jesse James has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Maxis ftw (talk)

75.106.63.25

Cwmtawe Community School (in Welsh: Ysgol Gymunedol Cwmtawe) Formerly known as Pontardawe Technical School and Cwmtawe Comprehensive School, is a modern English-medium education comprehensive school in Pontardawe, South Wales. The school moved to newly built premises in 1996. Its old building was used by the local Welsh-language primary school, Ysgol Gynradd Gymraeg Pontardawe, until it was demolished in 2010. Cwmtawe recently won an award for environmentally friendly schools, based on school improvements, community and curriculum links, saving money, and raising environmental awareness. Although Cwmtawe is not a Welsh-medium school, Welsh is taught at second-language level, as it is mandatory under the National Curriculum that all Welsh school children up to age 16 be taught the language. Cwmtawe has very good Key Stage 3 and GCSE results exceeding the targets set in Wales's national standards. In 2000, it was in 113th place in Wales for GCSE passes (based on 5 GCSEs, grades A*-C). Since then, examination results have improved dramatically; according to the latest inspection report by Estyn, the school has a GCSE pass rate of 73%, putting it in 12th place and within the top 10% of all schools in Wales. ==Feeder primary schools== The feeder primary schools for Cwmtawe are: Alltwen Primary School Godre'r Graig Primary School Llangiwg Primary School Rhos Primary School Rhydyfro Primary School Tairgwaith Primary School ==Notable former pupils== Bleddyn Bowen, rugby union player Aled Brew, rugby union player Loren Dykes, football player Gareth Edwards, rugby union player James Griffiths, rugby union player Robert Jones, rugby union player Sir Clive Lewis, High Court Judge Elgan Rees, rugby union player Arwel Thomas, rugby union player Justin Tipuric, rugby union player ==External links== Cwmtawe Community School's website Neath Port Talbot County Borough Council Education Page ==References== Secondary schools in Neath Port Talbot Educational institutions established in 1969 1969 establishments in Wales

Cwmtawe Community School

==Indiabooms== This is an automated message from CorenSearchBot. I have performed a web search with the contents of Indiabooms, and it appears to include a substantial copy of For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions will be deleted. You may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences. See our copyright policy for further details. (If you own the copyright to the previously published content and wish to donate it, see Donating copyrighted materials for the procedure.) This message was placed automatically, and it is possible that the bot is confused and found similarity where none actually exists. If that is the case, you can remove the tag from the article and it would be appreciated if you could drop a note on the maintainer's talk page. CorenSearchBot (talk) ==Speedy deletion nomination of Indiabooms== A tag has been placed on Indiabooms, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become an encyclopedia article. Please read the guidelines on spam as well as FAQ/Business for more information. You may also wish to consider using a Wizard to help you create articles - see the Article Wizard. If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the page does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that they userfy the page or have a copy emailed to you. andy (talk) ==Local search engine== We already have an article on this topic - it's at Local search (Internet). Can I suggest you edit that article instead. Dpmuk (talk) == April 2010 == Please do not remove speedy deletion notices from pages you have created yourself. Please use the template on the page instead if you disagree with the deletion, and make your case on the page's . JamesBWatson (talk) ==Proposed deletion of Angsuman Banerji== The article Angsuman Banerji has been proposed for deletion because, under Wikipedia policy, all newly created biographies of living persons must have at least one reference to a reliable source that directly supports material in the article. If you created the article, please don't be offended. Instead, consider improving the article. For help on inserting references, see Referencing for beginners, or ask at the help desk. Once you have provided at least one reliable source, you may remove the tag. Please do not remove the tag unless the article is sourced. If you cannot provide such a source within ten days, the article may be deleted, but you can when you are ready to add one. Rangilo Gujarati (talk) == Proposed deletion of Angsuman Banerji == The article Angsuman Banerji has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern: Declined BLPPROD: Unable to find reliable, secondary sources which mention this "zealous and desperate" author. Only source provided is his self-published Facebook page. While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons. You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page. Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. joe deckertalk to me

Banerjia

Sir Rowland Arthur Charles Sperling KCMG CB (1874-1965) was a British diplomat. ==Early life== Sperling was born in 1874 in London, England the son of Commander Rowland Money Sperling (1841-), RN, and Marian Charlotte daughter of Charles Keyser by Margaret Blore. He was educated at Eton College and New College Oxford in 1892. He left New College in 1899 before gaining a degree to work as a clerk in the Foreign Office. ==Diplomat== He was sent to Russia in 1902 to learn Russian before becoming acting third secretary in St Petersburg in the Diplomatic Service. He returned to the Foreign Office in 1905 first as an assistant clerk, then a senior clerk and in 1914 Head of the Western Department. He stayed in the Foreign Office during the first world war and was a attached to the Paris Peace Conference : assistant secretary Foreign Office 1919. In 1920 he represented the United Kingdom at a conference on international communications in Washington. By 1924 he was transferred to the Diplomatic Service and he was appointed Minister at Berne, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to Switzerland 1924-28. In 1928 he moved as Minister to Sofia, Bulgaria 1928-9, and then to Finland 1930-35. He retired from the service in 1935. ==Family Life== Sperling had married Dorothy Constance Kingsmill (1874-1951), daughter of William Howley Kingsmill (1838-1894), DL, JP, of Sydmonton Court, Sydmonton, by Constance Mary Portal (died 1947), , in 1905 and they had two sons and a daughter. One son was killed on active service in a flying accident at Manston Airport in March 1940. His wife died in 1951. One of his wife's first cousins was Sir Wyndham Raymond Portal, 3rd Bart., 1st Viscount Portal, GCMG, MVO, DSO, PC. Following retirement to Kingsclere's Knowl Hill (telephone 357), in Hampshire, new Newbury, from 1936 to 1949 be was a member of Hampshire County Council and in 1945-1946 Sperling was High Sheriff of Hampshire. He was a member of the Travellers' club. Sperling died on 8 January 1965 at his home in Wiltshire aged 91. Children: Michael Rowland Sperling, (1908-), married, 1940, Pamela Margaret Farley; Marian Claire Sperling, (1949-); Veronica Anne Sperling, (1951-); Philip Rowland Sperling, (1911 + 1940), killed on active service; Elizabeth Sperling, (1906-), married, 1933, Claude Scudamore Emery (1895-1981). ==Honours and awards== In the 1921 Birthday Honours he was invested as a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG); On he was invested as a Companion of the Order of the Bath; In the 1934 New Year Honours, Sperling was invested as a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG). ==References== 1874 births 1965 deaths Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Switzerland Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Finland Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Bulgaria Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George Companions of the Order of the Bath Alumni of New College, Oxford High Sheriffs of Hampshire People educated at Eton College Burials in Hampshire

Rowland Sperling

== Hold on == In my opinion only facts - which are also referenced and based through sources - are stated. Thus, this page is not commerce or advertising. Note that I also stated the negative aspects of the product. Sorry no, you have referenced your companys webpage, there are no other sources to verify what you are claiming. mark nutley (talk) What's your actual problem? If you take a look at VCDHD e.g. then you won't see any more sources. Do you want me to proof that the Disc consists of only one layer and uses less CO2? The problem is you are making claims about a product with no third party reliable sources to back you claims. Please read rs and v to get an idea of what is needed in an article mark nutley (talk) I inserted numerous new you'd be so kind as to look it over. (: That might be enough to save the article, don`t remove the speedy tag though until an admin has had a chance to look, if it passes muster he/she will remove the tag, good luck mark nutley (talk) I reviewed the article and have removed the G11 speedy deletion nomination and hangon tags. The article is not unambiguously promotional. I have some substantial doubt that this article would survive an AFD nomination — not so much because of spamishness but because of lack of notability — but I don't think that it qualifies for speedy deletion. — TRANSPORTERMAN (TALK) ==Longevity== What is the longevity of Ecodisc compared to standard DVD? Are they subject to the same oxidization issues as disc-based media? 68.146.81.123 (talk)

EcoDisc

Country Bones is a country music band. The lead singer is Larry "Bones" Dennison, formerly of The Tonight Show Band. It was the featured musical guest on Tuesday, April 28 on “The Tonight Show with Jay Leno”. link|date=April 2019}}, [ They have released a single, Let It Ride. Their debut album was released in May on CD via the band's website, and will be released in June via iTunes and AmazonMP3. The album features Richard Fortus and Matt Tecu. Their second album was released in January 2014 and is entitled Shake. ==External links== Official web site American country music groups

Country Bones

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2601:283:8202:7A80:C920:CCCB:9E84:10FB

The State of the Nation (Lag vun der Natioun, l'état de la Nation, Lage der Nation) is a speech made annually by the Prime Minister of Luxembourg to the national legislature, the Chamber of Deputies. It covers the economic, social, and financial state of the country, and is followed by a debate in the Chamber on those issues. ==External links== Government of Luxembourg official webpage on Discours sur l'état de la Nation Government of Luxembourg Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg Speeches by heads of state State ritual and ceremonies

State of the Nation (Luxembourg)

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109.247.180.159

FBOP Corporation was a financial services company based in Oak Park, Illinois, United States. As of mid-2009, it had $18.5 billion in assets and was the 46th largest bank holding company in the United States. On October 30, 2009, FBOP's banking subsidiaries were closed by their chartering agencies and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation was appointed as their receiver. The company had over 4064 employees. The holding company began as First Bank of Oak Park. FBOP started acquiring other banks in 1990. In 2006, First Bank of Oak Park merged with four other co-owned banks in Illinois to create Park National Bank. FBOP operated banks in Illinois, California, Texas, and Arizona, prior to their closure. U.S. Bancorp acquired all nine of FBOP's nine banks on the day of closure, but later sold the three Texas-based banks to Prosperity Bancshares. == Key people == Chairman: Michael E. Kelly President: Robert M. Heskett SVP and CFO: Michael Dunning == Former subsidiaries == == Acquisition history == ==Bank failure== FBOP's subsidiaries lost an estimated $800 million when the United States Treasury placed government-sponsored mortgage investors Fannie Mae (FNM, Fortune 500) and Freddie Mac (FRE, Fortune 500) into conservatorship and wiped out preferred stockholders. As a result, FBOP posted an operating loss of $708 million for 2008. By the end of June, FBOP's resources had dwindled so low that the firm ranked below 98% of similar bank holding companies in terms of tier 1 leverage ratio, a measure of bank capital. In August 2009, FBOP signed a so-called written agreement with the Federal Reserve that gave it a schedule to raise capital, improve risk management and reduce its concentration of commercial real estate loans. The bank was to submit a capital plan within 30 days. FBOP failed to raise enough capital to satisfy the terms of the agreement. On October 30, 2009, FBOP's subsidiaries were closed by their chartering agencies and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation was appointed as their receiver. The FDIC entered into a purchase and assumption agreement with Minnesota-based U.S. Bancorp to assume the assets and deposit liabilities of the closed banks. The FDIC estimates its losses on the combined transaction at $2.5 billion. == References == ===Further reading=== == External links == Bank failures in the United States Banks based in Illinois Banks with year of establishment missing Companies based in Cook County, Illinois Privately held companies based in Illinois U.S. Bancorp Defunct companies based in Illinois Banks disestablished in 2009 2009 disestablishments in Illinois

FBOP Corporation