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// This contract is part of Zellic’s smart contract dataset, which is a collection of publicly available contract code gathered as of March 2023.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;
/** ****************************************************************************
* @notice Interface for contracts using VRF randomness
* *****************************************************************************
* @dev PURPOSE
*
* @dev Reggie the Random Oracle (not his real job) wants to provide randomness
* @dev to Vera the verifier in such a way that Vera can be sure he's not
* @dev making his output up to suit himself. Reggie provides Vera a public key
* @dev to which he knows the secret key. Each time Vera provides a seed to
* @dev Reggie, he gives back a value which is computed completely
* @dev deterministically from the seed and the secret key.
*
* @dev Reggie provides a proof by which Vera can verify that the output was
* @dev correctly computed once Reggie tells it to her, but without that proof,
* @dev the output is indistinguishable to her from a uniform random sample
* @dev from the output space.
*
* @dev The purpose of this contract is to make it easy for unrelated contracts
* @dev to talk to Vera the verifier about the work Reggie is doing, to provide
* @dev simple access to a verifiable source of randomness. It ensures 2 things:
* @dev 1. The fulfillment came from the VRFCoordinator
* @dev 2. The consumer contract implements fulfillRandomWords.
* *****************************************************************************
* @dev USAGE
*
* @dev Calling contracts must inherit from VRFConsumerBase, and can
* @dev initialize VRFConsumerBase's attributes in their constructor as
* @dev shown:
*
* @dev contract VRFConsumer {
* @dev constructor(<other arguments>, address _vrfCoordinator, address _link)
* @dev VRFConsumerBase(_vrfCoordinator) public {
* @dev <initialization with other arguments goes here>
* @dev }
* @dev }
*
* @dev The oracle will have given you an ID for the VRF keypair they have
* @dev committed to (let's call it keyHash). Create subscription, fund it
* @dev and your consumer contract as a consumer of it (see VRFCoordinatorInterface
* @dev subscription management functions).
* @dev Call requestRandomWords(keyHash, subId, minimumRequestConfirmations,
* @dev callbackGasLimit, numWords),
* @dev see (VRFCoordinatorInterface for a description of the arguments).
*
* @dev Once the VRFCoordinator has received and validated the oracle's response
* @dev to your request, it will call your contract's fulfillRandomWords method.
*
* @dev The randomness argument to fulfillRandomWords is a set of random words
* @dev generated from your requestId and the blockHash of the request.
*
* @dev If your contract could have concurrent requests open, you can use the
* @dev requestId returned from requestRandomWords to track which response is associated
* @dev with which randomness request.
* @dev See "SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS" for principles to keep in mind,
* @dev if your contract could have multiple requests in flight simultaneously.
*
* @dev Colliding `requestId`s are cryptographically impossible as long as seeds
* @dev differ.
*
* *****************************************************************************
* @dev SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
*
* @dev A method with the ability to call your fulfillRandomness method directly
* @dev could spoof a VRF response with any random value, so it's critical that
* @dev it cannot be directly called by anything other than this base contract
* @dev (specifically, by the VRFConsumerBase.rawFulfillRandomness method).
*
* @dev For your users to trust that your contract's random behavior is free
* @dev from malicious interference, it's best if you can write it so that all
* @dev behaviors implied by a VRF response are executed *during* your
* @dev fulfillRandomness method. If your contract must store the response (or
* @dev anything derived from it) and use it later, you must ensure that any
* @dev user-significant behavior which depends on that stored value cannot be
* @dev manipulated by a subsequent VRF request.
*
* @dev Similarly, both miners and the VRF oracle itself have some influence
* @dev over the order in which VRF responses appear on the blockchain, so if
* @dev your contract could have multiple VRF requests in flight simultaneously,
* @dev you must ensure that the order in which the VRF responses arrive cannot
* @dev be used to manipulate your contract's user-significant behavior.
*
* @dev Since the block hash of the block which contains the requestRandomness
* @dev call is mixed into the input to the VRF *last*, a sufficiently powerful
* @dev miner could, in principle, fork the blockchain to evict the block
* @dev containing the request, forcing the request to be included in a
* @dev different block with a different hash, and therefore a different input
* @dev to the VRF. However, such an attack would incur a substantial economic
* @dev cost. This cost scales with the number of blocks the VRF oracle waits
* @dev until it calls responds to a request. It is for this reason that
* @dev that you can signal to an oracle you'd like them to wait longer before
* @dev responding to the request (however this is not enforced in the contract
* @dev and so remains effective only in the case of unmodified oracle software).
*/
abstract contract VRFConsumerBaseV2 {
error OnlyCoordinatorCanFulfill(address have, address want);
address private immutable vrfCoordinator;
/**
* @param _vrfCoordinator address of VRFCoordinator contract
*/
constructor(address _vrfCoordinator) {
vrfCoordinator = _vrfCoordinator;
}
/**
* @notice fulfillRandomness handles the VRF response. Your contract must
* @notice implement it. See "SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS" above for important
* @notice principles to keep in mind when implementing your fulfillRandomness
* @notice method.
*
* @dev VRFConsumerBaseV2 expects its subcontracts to have a method with this
* @dev signature, and will call it once it has verified the proof
* @dev associated with the randomness. (It is triggered via a call to
* @dev rawFulfillRandomness, below.)
*
* @param requestId The Id initially returned by requestRandomness
* @param randomWords the VRF output expanded to the requested number of words
*/
function fulfillRandomWords(uint256 requestId, uint256[] memory randomWords) internal virtual;
// rawFulfillRandomness is called by VRFCoordinator when it receives a valid VRF
// proof. rawFulfillRandomness then calls fulfillRandomness, after validating
// the origin of the call
function rawFulfillRandomWords(uint256 requestId, uint256[] memory randomWords) external {
if (msg.sender != vrfCoordinator) {
revert OnlyCoordinatorCanFulfill(msg.sender, vrfCoordinator);
}
fulfillRandomWords(requestId, randomWords);
}
} |