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00:00:04,980 --> 00:00:08,160
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ 

2
00:00:08,160 --> 00:00:12,980
ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฑุงุญ ุฃูƒูˆู† ู…ุนุงูƒู… ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ anatomy and 

3
00:00:12,980 --> 00:00:17,460
physiology of the brain  sim  ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน

4
00:00:17,460 --> 00:00:19,700
anatomy and physiology of the brain sim

5
00:00:23,700 --> 00:00:27,880
ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ morphological

6
00:00:27,880 --> 00:00:31,680
subdivisions of the brain  ูˆ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ brain

7
00:00:31,680 --> 00:00:36,140
contains cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem ูˆ ู…ู† ุถู…ู† 

8
00:00:36,140 --> 00:00:39,500
ุงู„ cerebrum ุชุญุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ lower part of the cerebrum

9
00:00:39,500 --> 00:00:44,200
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ diencephalon  ุงู„ุณุฑุจุฑู… ุดุฑุญู†ุงู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ุณุฑ

10
00:00:44,200 --> 00:00:48,240
ุจูŠู„ุง ุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ brain stem

11
00:00:48,240 --> 00:00:53,260
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฌุฏุน ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ุจุฏูˆู† brain stem ู…ุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† 

12
00:00:53,260 --> 00:00:58,060
ูŠุนูŠุด ู„ูˆ ู…ุงุช ุงู„ brain stem ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูƒุฒ

13
00:00:58,060 --> 00:01:04,260
ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ brain stem  ุงู„ brain stem

14
00:01:04,260 --> 00:01:11,920
located in the posterior cranial fossa in front of 

15
00:01:11,920 --> 00:01:16,200
the cerebellum and for ventricle ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ brain

16
00:01:16,200 --> 00:01:20,760
stem ุฌุฏุน ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ posterior cranial fossa

17
00:01:20,760 --> 00:01:28,860
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู…ุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฎูŠุฎ ูˆ ุฃู…ุงู… ุงู„ุจุทูŠู† ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน the brain

18
00:01:28,860 --> 00:01:34,120
stem formed of the following part ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† three

19
00:01:34,120 --> 00:01:42,080
parts ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ู„ูˆ ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ู…ู† ุชุญุช ู„ู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆ

20
00:01:42,080 --> 00:01:48,480
ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ู„ู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ medulla oblongata ุชุนู…ู„

21
00:01:48,480 --> 00:01:51,960
continuation with spinal cord ุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠ continuous

22
00:01:51,960 --> 00:01:55,260
with spinal cord ุจุนุฏ medulla oblongata ุจูŠุฌูŠู†ุง

23
00:01:55,260 --> 00:02:03,080
the pons ุฌุณุฑ between the midbrain and

24
00:02:03,080 --> 00:02:08,160
medulla oblongata ูˆ ุงู„ู€ upper part is mid brain

25
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ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ continuous ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุน ุงู„

26
00:02:12,740 --> 00:02:16,060
cerebral hemisphere ู…ุน ุงู„ cerebral hemisphere

27
00:02:16,060 --> 00:02:25,020
relations of brain stem  ุงู„ brain stem ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ

28
00:02:25,020 --> 00:02:31,020
above ู…ู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ midbrain is continuous with

29
00:02:31,020 --> 00:02:34,400
cerebral hemisphere ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ midbrain ููˆู‚

30
00:02:34,400 --> 00:02:38,420
continuous with ุฃูŠู‡ุŸ with cerebral hemisphere

31
00:02:38,420 --> 00:02:46,240
below ู…ู† ุชุญุช medulla oblongata continuous with ุฃูŠู‡ุŸ

32
00:02:46,240 --> 00:02:51,820
with spinal cord ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุนุฑูู†ุง above ุงู„ midbrain

33
00:02:51,820 --> 00:02:56,640
ู…ุน ุงู„ cerebral hemisphere ุจุงู„ุฃุณูู„ medulla oblongata

34
00:02:56,640 --> 00:03:03,880
ุชุณุชู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ู€  A ู…ุน ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุนุตุจ posteriorly ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู

35
00:03:03,880 --> 00:03:11,960
medulla pons ูˆ medulla  ุฃุนู„ู‰ medulla ุฃูˆ  upper medulla ู…ู‚ูู„ุฉ 

36
00:03:13,250 --> 00:03:18,250
from cerebellum by fourth ventricle ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู ุจูŠู†ุง 

37
00:03:18,250 --> 00:03:24,330
fourth ventricle cavity ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูุตู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ pons

38
00:03:24,330 --> 00:03:28,710
ูˆ ุงู„ upper medulla ุฃูˆ open medulla ุนู† ู…ู†ุŸ ุนู† ุงู„

39
00:03:28,710 --> 00:03:39,570
cerebellum ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ูˆุงุถุญ Medulla

40
00:03:39,570 --> 00:03:40,230
oblongata

41
00:03:43,200 --> 00:03:49,120
ุชุญุช ุงู„ุณู…ูŠุฑ ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน spinal cord ู‡ุฐู‡ medulla oblongata 

42
00:03:49,120 --> 00:03:56,260
ุฅู† ุฌุช ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ bones ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† 

43
00:03:56,260 --> 00:04:01,040
ุจูŠุฌูŠู†ุง ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ midbrain ุงู„ midbrain continuous ุฃุนู„ู‰

44
00:04:01,040 --> 00:04:06,700
ู…ุน ุงู„ cerebral hemisphere ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ cavity

45
00:04:06,700 --> 00:04:12,660
of fourth ventricle ุจูŠุนู…ู„ separation between the

46
00:04:12,660 --> 00:04:18,760
pons ูˆ ุฃุจุนุงุฏ medulla ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ู‡ู… separation ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ

47
00:04:18,760 --> 00:04:23,180
ุนู† ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ cerebellum ุงู„ cerebellum ุจูŠุญุฏ ุงู„

48
00:04:23,180 --> 00:04:30,820
fourth ventricle ู…ู† ุฎู„ููŠ ูˆุงุถุญ 

49
00:04:30,820 --> 00:04:41,100
ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ fourth ventricle ุจูŠูุตู„ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ pons ูˆ

50
00:04:41,100 --> 00:04:48,100
upper medulla ุนู†

51
00:04:48,100 --> 00:04:56,020
ุงู„ู€ cerebellum okay ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ relations ุจุชุงุนุฉ

52
00:04:56,020 --> 00:05:00,300
brain stem relation of the brain stem

53
00:05:05,740 --> 00:05:10,680
What's the functions of brainstemุŸ ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก 

54
00:05:10,680 --> 00:05:15,000
cardiovascular center ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ุชุญูƒู…

55
00:05:15,000 --> 00:05:19,840
ุจุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ brain stem ู…ุงุช brain stem ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ

56
00:05:19,840 --> 00:05:25,720
ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† respiratory and cough center ุฅูŠู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ

57
00:05:25,720 --> 00:05:33,550
ุจู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ุจุงู„ุชู†ูุณ ูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุญุฉุŸ ุงู„ swallowing

58
00:05:33,550 --> 00:05:42,390
and vomiting center ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจู„ุน ูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠุค

59
00:05:42,390 --> 00:05:49,790
sleep center ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ู†ูˆู… center for eye movement

60
00:05:49,790 --> 00:05:57,050
ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ุจุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ูŠู† reticular nuclei ููŠ 

61
00:05:57,050 --> 00:05:59,870
reticular formation ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ brain stem

62
00:06:01,200 --> 00:06:05,940
alertness and consciousness ุงู„ูŠู‚ุธุฉ ูˆุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ูˆุนูŠ

63
00:06:05,940 --> 00:06:12,040
ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ brain stem ุงู„ vestibular nuclei ูˆ

64
00:06:12,040 --> 00:06:17,290
ุงู„ functions ุงู„ุจุณุชูŠุจู„ุงุฑ ุงู„ conduction function ุจูŠู…ุฑ

65
00:06:17,290 --> 00:06:22,930
ููŠ ุงู„ brain stem ascending and descending tracts ุงู„

66
00:06:22,930 --> 00:06:25,470
ascending ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุจุท ุงู„ spinal cord ู…ุน ุงู„ cerebrum

67
00:06:25,470 --> 00:06:29,850
ูˆ descending ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุจุท ุงู„ brain ู…ุน spinal cord

68
00:06:29,850 --> 00:06:35,310
ูˆุฃู‡ู… ุดูŠุก ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ brain stem ุงู„ู†ูƒู„ูŠุงูŠุฉ

69
00:06:35,310 --> 00:06:45,100
cranial nerves ู†ูƒู„ูŠุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฃูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุตุจ cranial

70
00:06:45,100 --> 00:06:53,300
nerve ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู„ุญุฏ cranial nerve ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ

71
00:06:53,300 --> 00:07:02,640
ู„ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู† cranial nerve nucleus ุฑู‚ู…

72
00:07:02,640 --> 00:07:07,760
ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ temporal lobe ูˆ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ

73
00:07:07,760 --> 00:07:14,900
ููŠ ุงู„ occipital lobe ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู„ู„ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ

74
00:07:14,900 --> 00:07:19,360
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ brain stem

75
00:07:23,250 --> 00:07:27,410
and it's important as extrapyramidal function ู„ุฃู†

76
00:07:27,410 --> 00:07:30,790
ููŠ ุงู„ brain stem ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ substantia nigra

77
00:07:30,790 --> 00:07:34,810
substantia nigra ุชูุฑุฒ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุญุฏุซ

78
00:07:34,810 --> 00:07:38,990
ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡

79
00:07:38,990 --> 00:07:42,750
Parkinson ู…ุฑุถ Parkinson ุฃูˆ ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุดู„ู„ ุงู„ุฑุนุงุด

80
00:07:45,550 --> 00:07:51,590
vestibular reflexุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ vestibular reflexุŸ ุงู„ vestibular ู…ุฏููˆู†ุฉ

81
00:07:51,590 --> 00:07:58,270
ูƒู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุนุถู„ูŠุฉ ุนุถู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ุถุบุทุŒ ุงู„ุขู† 

82
00:07:58,270 --> 00:08:01,390
ุฃู†ุง ูˆุงู‚ูุŒ ู„ูˆ ู…ุงูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ vestibular ูƒุงู† ูˆู‚ุนุช ุฃู†ุงุŒ

83
00:08:01,390 --> 00:08:08,510
ู…ุงู‚ุฏุฑุด ุฃุชุฌุงูู„ุŒ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู„ู„ุจุญุซ ุนู†

84
00:08:08,510 --> 00:08:15,670
reflex static reflex ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ูˆุถุน ุซุงุจุช ุฃูˆ ุฌู„ุณุช

85
00:08:15,670 --> 00:08:21,110
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุฑุณูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู…ูŠู„ุด ู…ุง ุฃุฑุฌุญุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงุณู…ู‡ static reflex

86
00:08:21,110 --> 00:08:26,390
maintain the balance during rest ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ุฑุงุญุฉ ุทูŠุจ

87
00:08:26,390 --> 00:08:31,490
ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุชุญุฑูƒุช ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ static kinetic reflex maintain

88
00:08:31,490 --> 00:08:36,520
the balance during movement ุฃู†ุง ุชุญุฑูƒุช ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง

89
00:08:36,520 --> 00:08:44,180
ุงุณู…ู‡ static-kinetic ุฃู†ุง ุฌู„ุณุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงุณู…ู‡ static

90
00:08:44,180 --> 00:08:52,040
reflex ู„ุฃู†ู‘ูŠ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุจ medulla oblongata medulla

91
00:08:52,040 --> 00:08:58,360
oblongata medulla oblongata is the lower part of

92
00:08:58,360 --> 00:09:04,930
brain stem ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุฑุจุงุน ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ูŠ lower part of

93
00:09:04,930 --> 00:09:11,070
brainstem ุงู„ relation ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง medulla oblongata above

94
00:09:11,070 --> 00:09:17,790
continuous with pons ู…ู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุชุชุญุฏ ู…ุน ุงู„ pons

95
00:09:17,790 --> 00:09:23,470
ุฃูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ pons below ู…ู† ุฃุณูู„ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„

96
00:09:23,470 --> 00:09:29,050
spinal cord ุชุนู…ู„ ู„ู†ุง continuation ู„ spinal cord ุชุจู‚ู‰

97
00:09:29,050 --> 00:09:34,010
ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ู…ุน spinal cord ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰

98
00:09:34,010 --> 00:09:39,590
foramen magnum at the level of foramen magnum  ุฎูŠุงู„

99
00:09:39,590 --> 00:09:47,470
ุฏูŠ ุทุจ ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู…ุง ุจู…ุดูŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏุงู„ุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุฅู† ุฌุช ุนู„ู‰

100
00:09:47,470 --> 00:09:54,860
ุณุฌุฏ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒุงุช Medulla Oblongata ู‚ู„ู†ุง below ุชุญุช ู…ุน

101
00:09:54,860 --> 00:10:02,840
spinal cord ู…ู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ ููˆู‚ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ pons ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ 

102
00:10:02,840 --> 00:10:07,080
Medulla Oblongata ุงู„ู€ Medulla Oblongata ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†

103
00:10:07,080 --> 00:10:14,820
ุฌุฒุฆูŠู† ุฌุฒุก

104
00:10:14,820 --> 00:10:17,140
ุนู„ูˆูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†

105
00:10:18,500 --> 00:10:25,020
open ูุงุชุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ fourth ventricle ูˆุฌุฒุก ุณูู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†

106
00:10:25,020 --> 00:10:28,660
closed ู…ุง ู„ูˆุด ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ fourth ventricle ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง 

107
00:10:28,660 --> 00:10:34,100
ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง open medulla

108
00:10:34,100 --> 00:10:42,080
ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง closed medulla ุงู„ open medulla ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง

109
00:10:42,080 --> 00:10:47,960
upper part ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ูˆ medulla ู…ู‚ูู„ุฉ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง lower

110
00:10:47,960 --> 00:10:53,440
part ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ relation of medulla oblongata ุฃุณูู„

111
00:10:53,440 --> 00:10:59,200
ุชุญุช spinal cord ุฃุนู„ู‰ pons ุทุจ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุถูŠููˆุง ูƒู…ุงู†

112
00:10:59,200 --> 00:11:06,260
ุญุงุฌุฉ posterior ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู open 

113
00:11:06,260 --> 00:11:09,720
medulla ุจูŠุญุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ fourth ventricle ุจูŠูุตู„ู‡ุง ุนู† ู…ู†ุŸ ุนู†

114
00:11:09,720 --> 00:11:10,480
ุงู„ cerebellum

115
00:11:13,310 --> 00:11:19,230
Okay ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏูŠ lower spinal cord above pons ู…ู†

116
00:11:19,230 --> 00:11:23,330
ุงู„ุฎู„ู ุงู„ cerebellum ูˆ ุงู„ fourth ventricle ุจูŠุญุฏ ู…ูŠู†

117
00:11:23,330 --> 00:11:27,870
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ upper part ุฃูˆ open medulla

118
00:11:32,670 --> 00:11:37,090
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ medulla oblongata ุจุณ ู‡ุฐูŠ anti-review ู„ูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง 

119
00:11:37,090 --> 00:11:42,170
anti-reviewุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ ventricle ุงู„ fourth ventricle

120
00:11:42,170 --> 00:11:49,030
ู…ุด ูˆุงุถุญ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ fourth ventricle ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ู ู‡ุฐู‡

121
00:11:49,030 --> 00:11:59,130
ุงู„ medulla oblongata ุชุญุช

122
00:11:59,130 --> 00:12:07,360
spinal cord ููˆู‚ pons ู‡ุฐู‡ medulla oblongata ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู 

123
00:12:07,360 --> 00:12:13,500
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ cerebellum ูˆ ุงู„ fourth ventricle ุจูŠูุตู„ู‘ู‡ู…

124
00:12:13,500 --> 00:12:26,940
ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ open medulla ุฃูˆ ุงู„ upper medulla ู†ูƒู…ู„

125
00:12:28,350 --> 00:12:31,690
ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ medulla oblongata ุฃู†ุง ุดุฑุญุชู‡ู… ุดุฑุญุช ู„ูƒู… ุฅูŠุงู‡ู…

126
00:12:31,690 --> 00:12:36,610
part of the medulla oblongata ุงู„ medulla oblongata 

127
00:12:36,610 --> 00:12:45,210
ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุฌุฒุฆูŠู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงุณู…ู‡ closed medulla ุงู„ุฌุฒุก 

128
00:12:45,210 --> 00:12:49,990
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ open medulla ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุณู…ูŠู‡ู… ุดูŠุก ุซุงู†ูŠุŸ ู…ู…ูƒู†

129
00:12:49,990 --> 00:12:56,770
ุงู„ closed medulla ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุณู…ูŠู‡ lower medulla ูˆ open 

130
00:12:56,770 --> 00:13:01,030
medulla ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง upper medulla ู„ูŠู‡ ุณู…ูŠุชู‡ุง open 

131
00:13:01,030 --> 00:13:02,590
medullaุŸ

132
00:13:05,570 --> 00:13:10,130
opens into the fourth ventricle ูุชุญุฉ ุจูŠุญุฏู‡ุง ู…ู†

133
00:13:10,130 --> 00:13:14,330
ุงู„ุฎู„ู fourth ventricle ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ open 

134
00:13:14,330 --> 00:13:18,550
medulla ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ open medulla ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ upper part ุฃูˆ 

135
00:13:18,550 --> 00:13:21,890
ุงู„ upper half of the medulla oblongata ุงู„ุฌุฒุก

136
00:13:21,890 --> 00:13:25,030
ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ medulla oblongata ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง open medulla 

137
00:13:25,030 --> 00:13:28,690
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูุงุชุญุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ fourth ventricle ุนู„ู‰ 

138
00:13:28,690 --> 00:13:33,510
ุงู„ุจุทูŠู† ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู ุงู„ closed medulla ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ 

139
00:13:33,510 --> 00:13:36,790
lower half of the medulla ุฃูˆ lower part of the

140
00:13:36,790 --> 00:13:40,450
medulla ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง closed medulla ู„ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุง

141
00:13:40,450 --> 00:13:46,630
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ central canal ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† closed

142
00:13:46,630 --> 00:13:51,050
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ fourth ventricle ู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูุงุชุญุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„

143
00:13:51,050 --> 00:13:53,910
fourth ventricle ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง closed medulla

144
00:13:55,400 --> 00:14:01,600
continuous with spinal cord .. central canal ูŠุจู‚ู‰

145
00:14:01,600 --> 00:14:05,120
ู„ูˆ ุณุฃู„ูƒูˆุง ุณุคุงู„ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุงู…ู„ continuous with

146
00:14:05,120 --> 00:14:07,700
spinal cordุŸ ุงู„ open medulla ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ closed medullaุŸ

147
00:14:07,700 --> 00:14:10,680
ุฑุงุญ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ closed medulla ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ central

148
00:14:10,680 --> 00:14:14,140
spinal canalุŸ ุงู„ open medulla ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ closed medullaุŸ

149
00:14:14,140 --> 00:14:15,700
ุฑุงุญ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ closed medulla

150
00:14:19,710 --> 00:14:22,630
ู‡ุฐุง posterior view ู‡ุฐุง posterior view ู„ุฃู†

151
00:14:22,630 --> 00:14:29,630
ุงู„ cerebellum ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ู ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ medulla

152
00:14:29,630 --> 00:14:38,110
oblongata ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุฌุฒุฆูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง open medulla ูˆู‡ุฐุง closed

153
00:14:38,110 --> 00:14:42,650
medulla ู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง open medulla ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ูุงุชุญุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู†

154
00:14:42,650 --> 00:14:45,810
ุนูˆูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ fourth ventricle ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ pons

155
00:14:48,840 --> 00:14:52,820
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ุงู„ upper part open ุงู„ lower part

156
00:14:52,820 --> 00:14:58,360
closed ุงู„ุขู† 

157
00:14:58,360 --> 00:15:03,540
ุจู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ external features of medulla oblongata

158
00:15:03,540 --> 00:15:06,200
external features of medulla oblongata

159
00:15:06,200 --> 00:15:10,260
anterolateral surface

160
00:15:11,640 --> 00:15:15,500
ููŠู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† anterior median fissure ุงู„ anterior median

161
00:15:15,500 --> 00:15:19,360
fissure ุฑุงุญ ูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ medulla oblongata ู„ right side

162
00:15:19,360 --> 00:15:24,140
ูˆ left side  ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† pyramids ุงู„ pyramids 

163
00:15:24,140 --> 00:15:28,020
ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู† ุฃูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… corticospinal tract

164
00:15:28,020 --> 00:15:32,700
ุงู„ fibers ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ fibers ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุฅูŠู‡

165
00:15:32,700 --> 00:15:37,860
ุงู„ motor functions Pyramidal decussation Pyramidal

166
00:15:37,860 --> 00:15:44,220
decussation Pyramidal decussation Pyramidal

167
00:15:44,220 --> 00:15:44,760
decussation Pyramidal decussation Pyramidal

168
00:15:44,760 --> 00:15:44,980
decussation Pyramidal decussation Pyramidal

169
00:15:44,980 --> 00:15:48,070
decussation ูˆ ุงู„ left ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠุณุฑู‰ ู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ู†ู‰

170
00:15:48,070 --> 00:15:51,670
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ decussation ุฃูˆ crossing ู„ุฅู„ู‡ู… ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ูˆ

171
00:15:51,670 --> 00:15:55,010
ุตุงุฑ ุฌู„ุทุฉ ุฏู…ุงุบูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุดู„ู„ ููŠ

172
00:15:55,010 --> 00:15:57,930
ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏุซ ุฌู„ุทุฉ ุฏู…ุงุบูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ

173
00:15:57,930 --> 00:16:01,470
ุงู„ุดู„ู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ู†ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„

174
00:16:01,470 --> 00:16:07,070
crossing ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุฏุซ ูˆ ููŠ anterior lateral sulcus

175
00:16:10,550 --> 00:16:14,550
ูˆ ููŠ posterior lateral sulcus right and left ููŠ ุงู„

176
00:16:14,550 --> 00:16:18,730
anterior lateral sulcus ุจูŠู…ุฑ ุฅุญู†ุง ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู† ู„ู…ุง

177
00:16:18,730 --> 00:16:22,190
ุดุฑุญู†ุง ู„ูƒู… ุงู„ cranial nerves ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู†

178
00:16:22,190 --> 00:16:26,070
ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง cerebral hemisphere

179
00:16:26,070 --> 00:16:31,170
ูˆ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจุนุฏู‡ู… midbrain ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุนุฏู‡ู… pons

180
00:16:31,170 --> 00:16:36,870
ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ medulla

181
00:16:36,870 --> 00:16:43,060
oblongata ู„ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู† ู‡ู… ู…ู†ุŸ ุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ุชุงุณุน

182
00:16:43,060 --> 00:16:49,840
glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory and hypoglossal 

183
00:16:49,840 --> 00:16:52,980
nerve ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ medulla oblongata ุฃู†ุง ู‡ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†

184
00:16:52,980 --> 00:16:57,120
ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃุนุตุงุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus 

185
00:16:57,120 --> 00:17:01,040
nerve, accessory and hypoglossal nerve ููŠ ุงู„

186
00:17:01,040 --> 00:17:04,860
anterior lateral surface ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ anterior lateral 

187
00:17:04,860 --> 00:17:08,790
sulcus right and left ุฃูˆ sulci ููŠ ุงู„ anterolateral 

188
00:17:08,790 --> 00:17:12,150
sulcus membrane ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

189
00:17:12,150 --> 00:17:16,070
hypoglossal nerve ุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุนุดุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ posterior

190
00:17:16,070 --> 00:17:2

201
00:18:15,530 --> 00:18:19,490
ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€ Anterior Surface of Medulla

202
00:18:19,490 --> 00:18:22,290
Oblongata ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Anterior Surface of Medulla

203
00:18:22,290 --> 00:18:27,930
Oblongata ููŠ ุนู† Anterior Median fissure ููŠ Anterior

204
00:18:27,930 --> 00:18:30,590
Lateral Sulcus ูˆ ููŠ Posterior Lateral Sulcus ู†ูุณ

205
00:18:30,590 --> 00:18:33,090
ุงู„ุดูŠุก Anterior Lateral Sulcus ูˆ Posterior Lateral

206
00:18:33,090 --> 00:18:37,470
Sulcus ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ lower part of Medulla ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง

207
00:18:37,470 --> 00:18:41,230
Pyramidal Decussation Pyramidal Decussation ู‡ุฐู‡

208
00:18:41,230 --> 00:18:46,420
Pyramids left right ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€

209
00:18:46,420 --> 00:18:50,100
extrapyramidal ู‡ุงู† ุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ anterolateral sulcus

210
00:18:50,100 --> 00:18:55,220
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุนุดุฑ ุงุชู†ุงุด ุทูŠุจ ู…ู† ุงู„

211
00:18:55,220 --> 00:18:59,460
posterolateral ุจุฎุฑุฌ glossopharyngeal vagus ูˆ

212
00:18:59,460 --> 00:19:04,300
accessory nerve ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงุณุน ูˆ ุงู„ุนุงุดุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงุฏูŠ ุนุดุฑ

213
00:19:04,300 --> 00:19:07,840
cranial accessory ุฃุฏู‚ cranial accessory nerve

214
00:19:14,000 --> 00:19:17,020
ุงู„ู€ posterior surface ุดุฑุญู†ุง ุงู„ู€ anterior surface

215
00:19:17,020 --> 00:19:21,440
of Medulla Oblongata ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ posterior surface of

216
00:19:21,440 --> 00:19:24,640
Medulla Oblongata ู‡ู„ ุงู„ posterior surface of Medulla

217
00:19:24,640 --> 00:19:30,400
Oblongata ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุฌุณู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ุฃ open Medulla ูˆ close

218
00:19:30,400 --> 00:19:34,160
Medulla ุทุจ ู„ูŠุด ู…ุงุนู…ู„ุชุด ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ anterior

219
00:19:34,160 --> 00:19:37,780
surfaceุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด fourth ventricle ูˆู…ุงุจู†ู‚ุณู…ุด 

220
00:19:37,780 --> 00:19:41,440
ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏูˆุงู„ุง ุฃุจู„ุงู†ุฌุงุชู‡ ู„ุฃ open ูˆ closed ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู…ุŒ

221
00:19:41,440 --> 00:19:45,320
ุจู†ุฌุณู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ูุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ fourth ventricle

222
00:19:45,320 --> 00:19:49,560
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ the posterior surface of the upper half ุฃูˆ ุงู„

223
00:19:49,560 --> 00:19:54,220
open Medulla ููŠ ู‡ู†ุง posterior median fissure ุจุชู‚ุณู… ู„

224
00:19:54,220 --> 00:19:59,270
right left hypoglossal triangle ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู€

225
00:19:59,270 --> 00:20:00,990
hypoglossal ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง hypoglossal nuclei ุฃูˆ

226
00:20:00,990 --> 00:20:04,270
ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง hypoglossal nerve Vestibular trigon ุงู„ู„ูŠ

227
00:20:04,270 --> 00:20:07,030
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง vestibular nuclei ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง vestibular

228
00:20:07,030 --> 00:20:12,970
nerve ูˆ ููŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ vagal trigon ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง

229
00:20:12,970 --> 00:20:15,690
ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุง ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู€

230
00:20:15,690 --> 00:20:21,450
vagus nerve ูˆ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง vagus nerve ุทูŠุจ ููŠ ุงู„ lower

231
00:20:21,450 --> 00:20:25,900
half ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ closed Medulla ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู…ุชุฏุงุฏ

232
00:20:25,900 --> 00:20:28,820
posteromedian fissure ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ุณู… ู…ู† ูŠู…ูŠู† ู„ุดู…ุงู„

233
00:20:28,820 --> 00:20:34,500
ูˆุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌุฑุงุณูŠู„ ุชุฑุงูƒุช ูˆ ุฌุฑุงุณูŠู„ ุฃูˆ ู‚ู†ูˆุงุช ุฌุฑุงุณูŠู„ ุฃูˆ

234
00:20:34,500 --> 00:20:38,520
ุจูŠุณู…ูˆ ุฌุฑุงุณูŠู„ ุชูˆุจูŠุฑูƒู„ ูˆ ู‚ู†ูˆุงุช ุชูˆุจูŠุฑูƒู„ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

235
00:20:38,520 --> 00:20:42,460
ุฌุฑุงุณูŠู„ ุชุฑุงูƒุช ูˆ ู‚ู†ูˆุงุช ุฌุฑุงุณูŠู„ ุฃูˆ ุชูˆุจูŠุฑูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงุณูŠู„

236
00:20:42,460 --> 00:20:46,310
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† medial ูˆ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ lower half of the body

237
00:20:46,310 --> 00:20:51,230
ูˆ ุงู„ูƒูˆู†ูŠุช ุจูŠูƒูˆู† lateral ูˆ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุนู† ุงู„ upper

238
00:20:51,230 --> 00:20:54,850
half of the body ุจุฏู‡ู… ูŠุณู„ู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ุฌุฑุงุณูŠู„

239
00:20:54,850 --> 00:20:58,970
ูˆูƒูˆู†ูŠุช ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุนู† ุงู„ deep

240
00:20:58,970 --> 00:21:02,010
sensation ูˆุงู„ู€ fine touch ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ damage

241
00:21:02,010 --> 00:21:05,910
ู„ุฌุฑุงุณูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ loss of deep sensation

242
00:21:05,910 --> 00:21:08,410
and fine touch ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุจุณ ููŠ ุงู„

243
00:21:08,410 --> 00:21:11,870
lower half of the body ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ damage ู„ู„ูƒู†ูŠุช ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ

244
00:21:11,870 --> 00:21:14,590
ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ loss of deep sensation and fine

245
00:21:14,590 --> 00:21:20,490
touch ุจุณ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ upper limb ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ

246
00:21:20,490 --> 00:21:23,230
ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุฏูŠ Medulla oblongata

247
00:21:30,480 --> 00:21:37,580
ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ open Medulla ูˆู‡ุณูˆู ู„ูŠู‡

248
00:21:37,580 --> 00:21:41,880
closed Medulla ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ูˆุงุถุนู†ุง ุงู„ posterior

249
00:21:41,880 --> 00:21:49,260
median fissure ุจูŠู‚ุณู… ู„ู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง vegal

250
00:21:49,260 --> 00:21:55,740
trigon ู„ู„ู€ vagus nerve ููŠ hypoglossal trigon ู„ุงู„ู„ูŠ

251
00:21:55,740 --> 00:21:59,880
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ hypoglossal nerve ููŠ vestibular trigon ู‡ูŠ

252
00:21:59,880 --> 00:22:02,780
ุจุชู…ุชุฏ ุงู„ vestibular trigon ููŠ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ

253
00:22:02,780 --> 00:22:07,440
ุงู„ู€ pons ูˆุฌุฒุก ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏูˆุงู„ุง ุฃูˆ

254
00:22:07,440 --> 00:22:10,900
ุจู„ุงู†ุฌุงุชุง ุจู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ close Medulla ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ููŠู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง

255
00:22:10,900 --> 00:22:15,960
ุงูŠู‡ posterior median fissure ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุถุญ

256
00:22:15,960 --> 00:22:19,920
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ lateral cuneate tract

257
00:22:21,800 --> 00:22:25,580
ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Medial ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌุฑุงุณูŠู„ ุชุฑุงูƒุช ุจูŠุณู„ู…ูˆู†ุง

258
00:22:25,580 --> 00:22:30,360
ู„ู„ ูƒูˆู†ูŠุช tubercle ูˆ ุฌุฑุงุณูŠู„ tubercle ูˆ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ูƒูˆู†ูŠุช

259
00:22:30,360 --> 00:22:34,080
tubercle ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ูƒูˆู†ูŠุช nucleus ูˆุฏุงุฎู„ ุฌุฑุงุณูŠู„

260
00:22:34,080 --> 00:22:38,800
ุชุฑุงูƒุช ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌุฑุงุณูŠู„ nucleus ูˆ ุงู„ูƒูˆู†ูŠุช more lateral

261
00:22:38,800 --> 00:22:42,380
ูˆ ุฌุฑุงุณูŠู„ more medial ูˆ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู† ุงู„ deep

262
00:22:42,380 --> 00:22:45,820
sensation fine touch ุฌุฑุงุณูŠู„ ู„ู„ lower half of

263
00:22:45,820 --> 00:22:49,080
the body ูˆูƒูˆู†ูŠุช ู„ู„ upper half of the body

264
00:22:58,010 --> 00:23:02,510
ุขุฎุฑ ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุขุฎุฑ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„

265
00:23:02,510 --> 00:23:05,570
ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ Internal Structure of Medulla

266
00:23:05,570 --> 00:23:09,370
Oblongata ุจุชุฎู„ุต ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน Medulla Oblongata ุงู„ู€

267
00:23:09,370 --> 00:23:13,550
internal structure of Medulla Oblongata ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€

268
00:23:13,550 --> 00:23:18,410
nuclei ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฌุฑุงุณูŠู„ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุฌุฑุงุณูŠู„ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ

269
00:23:18,410 --> 00:23:21,830
ุฌุฑุงุณูŠู„ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ู„ู†ุง medial ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† deep

270
00:23:21,830 --> 00:23:25,170
sensation ุฃูˆ proprioception proprioception ู‡ูˆ deep

271
00:23:25,170 --> 00:23:29,600
sensation and fine touch from the lower half of the

272
00:23:29,600 --> 00:23:33,980
body ุงู„ูƒูˆู†ูŠุช ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุจุชูƒูˆู† lateral ูˆู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„

273
00:23:33,980 --> 00:23:37,000
proprioception ุฃูˆ deep sensation ูˆ find touch

274
00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:40,620
from the upper half of the body ููŠ ุดูŠุก ุงุณู…ู‡

275
00:23:40,620 --> 00:23:43,340
inferior olivary nucleus ู…ุด ุฏู‡ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

276
00:23:43,340 --> 00:23:46,570
ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ extrapyramidal function ููŠ inferior

277
00:23:46,570 --> 00:23:49,710
salivary nucleus ุฑุงุญ ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

278
00:23:49,710 --> 00:23:53,350
glossopharyngeal nerve ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง parasympathetic

279
00:23:53,350 --> 00:23:58,110
fibers ู„ glossopharyngeal nerve ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† parotid

280
00:23:58,110 --> 00:24:01,330
gland for production of saliva

281
00:24:03,910 --> 00:24:06,930
ููŠ spinal descending nucleus of trigeminal nerve

282
00:24:06,930 --> 00:24:10,910
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„

283
00:24:10,910 --> 00:24:14,990
pain ูˆ ุงู„ temperature sensation ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ pons

284
00:24:14,990 --> 00:24:18,410
medulla oblongata ูˆ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ upper part of

285
00:24:18,410 --> 00:24:24,240
spinal cord ู…ู† C1 ู„ C4 ูˆ C5 ููŠ solitary nucleus

286
00:24:24,240 --> 00:24:28,560
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ general sensation and taste

287
00:24:28,560 --> 00:24:32,940
sensation ู„ู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ุณุงุจุน ูˆุงู„ุชุงุณุน ูˆุงู„ุนุงุดุฑ ู„ facial

288
00:24:32,940 --> 00:24:36,940
nerve ูˆ glossopharyngeal nerve ูˆ vagus nerve ููŠ

289
00:24:36,940 --> 00:24:40,940
nucleus ambiguus ู‡ุฐูŠ motor nucleus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ

290
00:24:40,940 --> 00:24:44,800
ุจุงู„ somatic motor ุจุชุบุฐูŠ ุงู„ skeletal muscles ุจุชุงุนุฉ

291
00:24:44,800 --> 00:24:49,480
ุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ glossopharyngeal nerve ูˆ vagus nerve

292
00:24:49,480 --> 00:24:54,040
ูˆ cranial accessory nerve ููŠ Dorsal nucleus of vagus

293
00:24:54,040 --> 00:24:58,260
nerve ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ parasympathetic function of

294
00:24:58,260 --> 00:25:01,880
the vagus nerve it is the most important

295
00:25:01,880 --> 00:25:06,880
parasympathetic nucleus in the body ูˆ hypoglossal

296
00:25:06,880 --> 00:25:10,720
nucleus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ hypoglossal nerve which

297
00:25:10,720 --> 00:25:16,200
supply the internal and external muscles of the

298
00:25:16,200 --> 00:25:21,730
tongue ุชุนุทูŠ fibers ู„ hypoglossal nerve ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

299
00:25:21,730 --> 00:25:26,350
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ Dorsal Nucleus of VagusุŒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†

300
00:25:26,350 --> 00:25:29,310
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ Ambiguous Nucleus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ Motor Nucleus

301
00:25:29,310 --> 00:25:32,870
ูˆ ูˆุงุถุญ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Nucleus ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡

302
00:25:32,870 --> 00:25:36,330
ู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Principal Trigeminal Nucleus

303
00:25:36,330 --> 00:25:40,630
ุฃูˆ ุงุณู… ุซุงู†ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง Descending Spinal Nucleus of

304
00:25:40,630 --> 00:25:43,390
trigeminal nerve for pain and temperature

305
00:25:43,390 --> 00:25:47,210
sensation ุจุชู…ุฑุด ู„ุงุญุธ ููŠ ุงู„ pons ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏูˆุงู„ุง

306
00:25:47,210 --> 00:25:52,570
ุจู„ุงู†ุฌุงุชุง ูˆููŠ ุงู„ upper part of spinal cord ููŠ

307
00:25:52,570 --> 00:25:55,710
nucleus solitarius ุฃูˆ solitary nucleus for

308
00:25:55,710 --> 00:25:59,450
general sensation and taste sensation ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุนุตุจ

309
00:25:59,450 --> 00:26:04,950
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุงุจุน facial ุงู„ุชุงุณุน glossopharyngeal ูˆ vagus

310
00:26:04,950 --> 00:26:09,140
nerve ุงู„ุนุงุดุฑ ูˆ ููŠู‡ุง ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ hypoglossal

311
00:26:09,140 --> 00:26:15,060
nerveุŒ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ media ูˆ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง motor fibers which

312
00:26:15,060 --> 00:26:22,180
supply the internal and external muscles of the

313
00:26:22,180 --> 00:26:22,620
tongue

314
00:26:25,540 --> 00:26:28,940
ูˆุงุถุญ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ corticospinal tract ูƒูŠู ุจูŠุนู…ู„

315
00:26:28,940 --> 00:26:31,340
ุงู„ crossingุŒ ุงู„ left ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ right ูˆ ุงู„ right

316
00:26:31,340 --> 00:26:33,740
ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ leftุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ crossing ู„ู€ fibersุŒ 

317
00:26:33,740 --> 00:26:37,480
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ medial lemniscus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ deep

318
00:26:37,480 --> 00:26:43,740
sensation ุดุฑุญู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ deep sensation ุงู„ู€ cuneate 

319
00:26:43,740 --> 00:26:48,480
nuclei ุจุชูƒูˆู† more lateral ูˆ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ deep

320
00:26:48,480 --> 00:26:51,520
sensation fine touch of the upper part of the body

321
00:26:51,520 --> 00:26:56,420
ุฌุฑุงุณูŠู„ ู†ูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ deep sensation ูˆ ุงู„

322
00:26:56,420 --> 00:27:00,400
fine touch from the lower part of the body ู‡ุฐูŠ

323
00:27:00,400 --> 00:27:06,380
hypoglossal nucleus ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ pyramidal fibers ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง

324
00:27:06,380 --> 00:27:09,280
crossing ุนู„ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ lower part of Medulla ุฃูˆ

325
00:27:09,280 --> 00:27:11,940
ุจู„ุงู†ุฌุงุชุง ุงู„ left ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ right ูˆ ุงู„ right ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ

326
00:27:11,940 --> 00:27:16,160
ู„ู„ left ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ pyramidal

327
00:27:16,160 --> 00:27:20,460
decussation ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงุณูŠู„ medial ูˆ ุงู„ูƒูˆู†ูŠุช lateral

328
00:27:20,460 --> 00:27:29,140
okay ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ olivary nucleus ุงู„ nucleus ambiguus ูˆ

329
00:27:29,140 --> 00:27:34,870
ูƒุฐุง ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุงู† ุจูƒููŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุงุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ

330
00:27:34,870 --> 00:27:37,750
Anatomy and Physiology of the Pons Anatomy and

331
00:27:37,750 --> 00:27:41,770
Physiology of the Midbrain ูŠุนุทูŠูƒู… ุงู„ู ุนุงููŠุฉ ูˆ

332
00:27:41,770 --> 00:27:45,090
ุฏู…ุชู… ุจุฎูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ