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1
00:00:21,850 --> 00:00:24,850
ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุนู† ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ 

2
00:00:24,850 --> 00:00:25,510
 

3
00:00:25,510 --> 00:00:25,730
 

4
00:00:25,730 --> 00:00:26,330
 

5
00:00:26,330 --> 00:00:28,010
 

6
00:00:28,010 --> 00:00:30,630
 

7
00:00:30,630 --> 00:00:31,150
 

8
00:00:31,150 --> 00:00:31,710
 

9
00:00:31,710 --> 00:00:40,270
 

10
00:00:40,270 --> 00:00:46,660
ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ the distances between the holes

11
00:00:46,660 --> 00:00:50,540
can be shown as running dimensions or as chain 

12
00:00:50,540 --> 00:00:56,340
dimensions ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ุŸ ุชุนุฑููˆุง ููŠ 

13
00:00:56,340 --> 00:00:59,880
ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู… ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุญุฏุด ููŠูƒู… ุจุดูˆู ุงู„

14
00:00:59,880 --> 00:01:05,980
American sport ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… chain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุฒูŠ ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ

15
00:01:05,980 --> 00:01:08,880
ุฃู†ุชูˆุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ meter ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฅูŠุดุŸ

16
00:01:08,880 --> 00:01:15,030
ู‚ุฏุงุดุŸุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง ุนุดุฑูŠู† 

17
00:01:15,030 --> 00:01:20,350
ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ุŸ ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุฌูŠุณ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ

18
00:01:20,350 --> 00:01:23,530
ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ

19
00:01:23,530 --> 00:01:25,210
ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ

20
00:01:25,210 --> 00:01:26,470
ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ

21
00:01:26,470 --> 00:01:30,050
ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ

22
00:01:30,050 --> 00:01:38,210
ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉูƒูˆูŠุณ ุงู„

23
00:01:38,210 --> 00:01:41,830
chain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ chain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†

24
00:01:41,830 --> 00:01:49,230
ุณู„ูƒ ุฃูˆ ุญุจู„ ุจุณ ุงู„ chain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ 

25
00:01:49,230 --> 00:01:55,070
ุจุชุดูˆู ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุนู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง

26
00:01:55,070 --> 00:02:00,250
ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ chain ูู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ American

27
00:02:00,250 --> 00:02:05,610
sport ููŠ chain ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ุชุฑ ุนุดุฑุฉ yardูุจูŠุฌุฑุณูˆุง ููŠู‡ ูƒู„

28
00:02:05,610 --> 00:02:09,210
ุนุดุฑุฉ ูŠุงุฑุฏ ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง ู…ู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ

29
00:02:09,210 --> 00:02:12,970
ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูŠุงุฑุฏ ูˆ ุจูŠุณุญุจูˆุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ chain ู„ูˆ ุงู†ู‡

30
00:02:12,970 --> 00:02:17,970
plastic ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู…ุฏ ุตุญ ุงูˆ ูŠู†ูƒู…ุด ุจุณ ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ 

31
00:02:17,970 --> 00:02:24,590
chain ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจูŠู…ุฏุด ุตุญ ูู‡ู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ chain 

32
00:02:24,590 --> 00:02:27,610
dimensions or running dimension ุงู„ running

33
00:02:27,610 --> 00:02:33,150
dimension ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุธู„ู‡ ุณุงุญุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุทูˆูŠู„ In

34
00:02:33,150 --> 00:02:37,250
both cases, the center line aligned through the

35
00:02:37,250 --> 00:02:41,190
center of the holes is measured is marked down and

36
00:02:41,190 --> 00:02:44,870
the distances between the center lines are given

37
00:02:44,870 --> 00:02:49,150
ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุชู‚ูŠุณ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ hole ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด

38
00:02:51,820 --> 00:02:56,880
ุญูุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช

39
00:02:56,880 --> 00:03:01,120
ู…ุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌุณู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู†ุชุตู

40
00:03:01,120 --> 00:03:05,320
ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ุจุฌูŠุณ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ center

41
00:03:05,320 --> 00:03:09,320
of the hole ู„ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุฌูŠุณ

42
00:03:09,320 --> 00:03:13,780
ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ููŠ ุญูุฑุชูŠู† ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฌูŠุณ

43
00:03:13,780 --> 00:03:17,900
ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุญูุฑุชูŠู† ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุฌูŠุณ ู…ู† ู†ุต ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ

44
00:03:17,900 --> 00:03:21,760
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ center ู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ

45
00:03:21,760 --> 00:03:26,680
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ center ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„

46
00:03:26,680 --> 00:03:30,520
distance ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุงุด ุงุญุชู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ center line ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

47
00:03:30,520 --> 00:03:34,860
ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ ููŠ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ุงู„ center ุงู„ู„ูŠ

48
00:03:34,860 --> 00:03:38,800
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ distances between center lines are called

49
00:03:38,800 --> 00:03:45,400
center to centerThe holes below are at 100mm

50
00:03:45,400 --> 00:03:50,700
centers ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุดุงูŠู ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู‡ุงู†ุŸ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุงู†

51
00:03:50,700 --> 00:03:55,940
ุงุฎุฏุชุŸ ู‡ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ center ุงู„ center ู‡ุงู† ู‡ู‰ 100 200 300

52
00:03:55,940 --> 00:04:00,040
ู‡ุฏู‰ running dimension ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุฎุฏุช ุฃู†ุง ู…ุณุงูุฉ ูƒู„ูŠุฉ

53
00:04:00,040 --> 00:04:03,740
ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู‡ุงู† ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ุช ุนู†ู‡ุงุŸ it's chain dimension ุงูŠุด

54
00:04:03,740 --> 00:04:10,560
ุงุฎุฏุชุŸู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100

55
00:04:10,560 --> 00:04:11,680
ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ

56
00:04:11,680 --> 00:04:13,160
100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100

57
00:04:13,160 --> 00:04:13,200
ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100

58
00:04:13,200 --> 00:04:13,400
ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100

59
00:04:13,400 --> 00:04:16,360
ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100

60
00:04:16,360 --> 00:04:18,220
ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100

61
00:04:18,220 --> 00:04:20,720
ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100

62
00:04:20,720 --> 00:04:29,300
ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ note ุงู„

63
00:04:29,300 --> 00:04:33,540
written note ุงูŠุด ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ CC from center to

64
00:04:33,540 --> 00:04:42,120
center ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ูƒุงู…ุŸ one hundred millimeter center

65
00:04:42,120 --> 00:04:47,030
lines are often used as reference pointsุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ

66
00:04:47,030 --> 00:04:51,550
ู…ุฑุฌุนูŠุฉ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฑุฌุนูŠุฉ these can be measured from in

67
00:04:51,550 --> 00:04:55,150
order to locate that is give the position of

68
00:04:55,150 --> 00:05:00,890
points on components ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุญุทู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ุงุนุฑู ู…ูƒุงู†

69
00:05:00,890 --> 00:05:06,730
locate ุชุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน give the position the

70
00:05:06,730 --> 00:05:10,830
measurement are offset from the center lines ุงูŠุด

71
00:05:10,830 --> 00:05:18,220
ูŠุนู†ูŠ offsetุŸ ู„ุฃุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุจุงุฒุงุญุฉ ุชู†ุฒุงุญ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงูˆ 

72
00:05:18,220 --> 00:05:23,280
shifted ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ shifted ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ

73
00:05:23,280 --> 00:05:27,540
offset from the center line each is at a certain

74
00:05:27,540 --> 00:05:32,090
distance from it and the offsets are measured at a

75
00:05:32,090 --> 00:05:36,570
right angle to the center lines at 90 degrees to

76
00:05:36,570 --> 00:05:39,750
it ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ right at right angle ุงู„

77
00:05:39,750 --> 00:05:44,050
right angle ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู… ุชุณุนูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ

78
00:05:44,050 --> 00:05:49,990
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุฎุจุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุงู„ุขู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ grades ุงูŠุด

79
00:05:49,990 --> 00:05:55,330
ุงู„ gradesุŸ ุดุจูƒุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ุฏูุชุฑ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†

80
00:05:55,330 --> 00:06:01,500
ุงู„ grid page ุตุญุŸู…ู‚ุณู… ู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุทูˆู„ ูˆ ุนุฑุถ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ูŠ

81
00:06:01,500 --> 00:06:06,280
ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ูŠ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงู† in

82
00:06:06,280 --> 00:06:10,400
large designs notably those of structure grids are

83
00:06:10,400 --> 00:06:15,260
used for horizontal positioning ุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„

84
00:06:15,260 --> 00:06:19,600
grid ู„ู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุญุฏุฏ

85
00:06:19,600 --> 00:06:23,760
ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ grid lines have numbers and

86
00:06:23,760 --> 00:06:29,130
lettersุงู„ grid lines ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงูŠุด

87
00:06:29,130 --> 00:06:36,990
ุงู„ู‚ูู‚ูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุนุทูŠู‡ ุงุฑู‚ุงู… grid line 123 ูˆ

88
00:06:36,990 --> 00:06:44,210
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจุนุทูŠู‡ ุงูŠุด a,b,c,d ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง alphabetically All

89
00:06:44,210 --> 00:06:47,890
grid lines are parallel with one another that is

90
00:06:47,890 --> 00:06:50,550
they are straight lines and are at regular

91
00:06:50,550 --> 00:06:54,890
distances apart ูƒู„ ุงู„ grid lines ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุณูˆุงุก

92
00:06:54,890 --> 00:06:58,430
ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠุฉ ู…ุชูˆุงุฒูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ

93
00:06:58,430 --> 00:07:04,050
ู…ุชูˆุงุฒูŠุฉ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎุทูˆุท ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุงูุงุช ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ

94
00:07:04,050 --> 00:07:10,130
ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒูŠ ุฎุทูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุงุฒูŠู† ุงูŠุด ุฎุทูŠู† 

95
00:07:10,130 --> 00:07:18,610
ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุงูุงุชู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุทูŠุจ ..

96
00:07:18,610 --> 00:07:22,470
ุงู„ุขู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู„ูŠู†ุง .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุจู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„

97
00:07:22,470 --> 00:07:27,470
parallel ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุง ุทุจ ุงู„ perpendicular ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„

98
00:07:27,470 --> 00:07:34,510
ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุดุชุบู„ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„

99
00:07:34,510 --> 00:07:38,410
perpendicular ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจุชู‚ุงุทุนูˆุง at

100
00:07:38,410 --> 00:07:42,610
a right angle ุตุญุŸ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† right angle

101
00:07:45,170 --> 00:07:49,630
ุทูŠุจ letter lines are run parallel with one another

102
00:07:49,630 --> 00:07:55,130
and are perpendicular to the numbered lines ูŠุนู†ูŠ

103
00:07:55,130 --> 00:08:00,710
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠุช ุนู†ุฏู‰ ููŠู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูˆููŠู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุฃูู‚ูŠ

104
00:08:00,710 --> 00:08:05,750
ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุงูŠุด ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃูู‚ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ right

105
00:08:05,750 --> 00:08:09,470
angle ูุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ู… ู…ุชุนุงู…ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ perpendicular

106
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ุงูˆ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ they joined at right angle or right angles

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at right angles the plan ุจู„ุบู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆู show part

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of the floor of an office building ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู…ู‚ุทุน

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ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ูŠูุฑุฌูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถูŠ ู„ุจู†ุงูŠุฉ ุจู†ุงูŠุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ

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ุจุงู„ู…ูƒุงุชุจ the perpendicular grid line intersect at

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ูŠุนู†ูŠ intersect at ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุŸ ุชู‚ุงุทุน cross at

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the centers of the columns ุชุนุฑู ุงู„ column ุฅูŠุด

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ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃุญู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญุฒุงู…ุงุช

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ูˆ ููŠู†ุง ุฃุนู…ุฏุฉ ู„ุชุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠ ุจูƒุฑุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฎุตุตู‡ ุงู„ุจูŠุช

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ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุญุฒุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฑุฃุณูŠ

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ูููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุชุงู„ุฅุญุฒุงู…ุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฃุนู…ุฏุฉ

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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ ุจุณ ุงู„ุฅุญุฒุงู…ุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฃุนู…ุฏุฉุŒ 

118
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ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ูู‡ู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ columns ุฃุนู…ุฏุฉ an opening hole

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in the floor is shown using coordinate dimension

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ุฃูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ coordinate dimensionุŸ

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ุงู„ุฅุญุฏุงุซูŠุงุช ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุฅุญุฏุงุซูŠุงุช ู‡ูŠ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ technical

122
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word ูƒูˆูŠุณ these allow the site engineers to sit

123
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out ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ sit out mark the position of ูŠุนู†ูŠ

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ูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน sit out mark the position of the

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opening by squaring of the grid line making the 

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lines that run at right angles to them ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง

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square off making ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„/ุจูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ 

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ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ then measuring along these lines using a

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tape measure ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ tape measure ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ู…ุชุฑ

130
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ุณู…ุนูŠู†ู‡ุŸ ุงู‡ ุงูŠูˆู‡ุŸ

131
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ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ูุฑุฏุงุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุฏูŠ ุฃูˆุถูˆ ู„ุงูŠุช

132
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ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุฏูŠ ุฃูˆุถูˆ ู„ุงูŠุช is an optical device used for

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measuring angles can be used to square off grid

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lines accurately ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุจูŠู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ุงุญู†ุง

135
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ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅูŠุด .. ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ูƒูŠู ู†ู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„

136
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.. ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ููŠูƒู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆุง ูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุจูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆุง

137
00:10:51,200 --> 00:10:52,920
ูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆู„ูŠู† ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡

138
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ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ

139
00:10:59,950 --> 00:11:04,430
ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฃู†ุชู… ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ููŠุซุงุบูˆุฑุณุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ุŸ

140
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ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุฏู‡ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด usingุŸ Pythagoras

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theorem ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ููŠุซุงุบูˆุฑุณ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู‡ุงุชุŸ ุจู†ู‚ูŠุณ

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00:11:14,060 --> 00:11:18,520
ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุนุฑู ู„ูˆ ุฌุจุช ุณุชุฉ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุน ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุชุฑ

143
00:11:18,520 --> 00:11:23,720
ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุชุจุนู‡ู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒุงู…ุŸ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ

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00:11:23,720 --> 00:11:28,600
ุงู„ู€ ุจู†ุงุก ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจูŠู‚ูŠุณ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆ

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00:11:28,600 --> 00:11:33,320
ุจูŠุญุฏุฏ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุจุฏู‡ุง ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุณูƒุฑุฉ ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ

146
00:11:33,320 --> 00:11:38,940
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ู†ูุฑุฌุฉ ุตุงุฑุช ู…ุด .. ู…ุณูƒุฑุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุตุงุฑุชุŸ ุตุงุฑุช

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ุถูŠู‚ุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุชุณุนูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุขู† to double check

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the dimension ุฅูŠุด double check ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ูŠุณ ุจุณ ู„ุงุฒู…

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ุฃุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† .. ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุณุงุช double check double check

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ู„ู„ุชุฃูƒุฏ okay dimension that is carry out an extra

151
00:11:58,820 --> 00:12:04,160
check diagonal measurement can be used as in

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engineers sketch ุงู„ู€ ุฏุงูŠุงุฌูˆู†ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ

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00:12:09,030 --> 00:12:12,810
ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠุช ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ length of the diagonals

154
00:12:12,810 --> 00:12:17,770
can be calculated using Pythagoras theorem ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ

155
00:12:17,770 --> 00:12:22,390
ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ููŠุซุงุบูˆุฑุณ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ

156
00:12:22,390 --> 00:12:27,550
ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง parallel ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง parallel

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00:12:27,550 --> 00:12:31,550
ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง perpendicular ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ

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00:12:34,400 --> 00:12:37,980
ู‡ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ diagonal ุงู„ู„ูŠ

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00:12:37,980 --> 00:12:42,580
ุจู†ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฌุฐุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ

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00:12:42,580 --> 00:12:47,020
ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ

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ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ right angle ุงู„ุขู† exercise 5.1 ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุจุฏู„

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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช look at these sentences about the

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design of ship replace the underlying words and

164
00:13:03,030 --> 00:13:06,250
expressions with alternative words and expressions

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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุจุฏู„ู‡ู… ุจุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง

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00:13:09,570 --> 00:13:15,170
ุบุทูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ู€ handrail is fixed by 115

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brackets ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ handrailุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุจุฒูŠู†

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ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุด ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ ู„ุนุจ ู„ู„ุตุบุงุฑ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„

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ุณูƒุฉ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ู€ hand is fixed by brackets

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which are one one seventy five millimeter apart

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between their centers ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง at

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ู„ุฃ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ at one seventy five millimeter centers

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00:13:43,310 --> 00:13:48,850
ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู„ุชู†ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง the

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dimensions are measured from the line down the

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middle of the ship ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ line down the middleุŸ

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ุฅูŠุด ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ู€ center line how far is the widest

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point of the ship located away from the center

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00:14:05,990 --> 00:14:10,930
line ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุงุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง

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00:14:10,930 --> 00:14:16,250
ุจุฏูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ูˆุฒุญุช ุนู†ู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุŸ offset ู…ุธุจูˆุท

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Are the adjacent adjacent linked of the handrail

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at 90 degree to each otherุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ adjacentุŸ ุฅูŠุด

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ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ adjacentุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุจุณ ุฅูŠุด adjacent ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‚ุจู„

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adjacent ุงู„ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู† ุฃูŠูˆู‡

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ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฌู†ุจ ุจุนุถ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง adjacent to each

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other ุงู„ุญูŠู† ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ุช ู…ูŠู† ูˆ who is adjacent to

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you ุจุฏูƒ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฒู…ูŠู„ุชูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌู†ุจูƒ ุงู„ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู†ูƒ ูู‡ู†ุง at

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ninety degree at a ninety degree ุฃูˆ at ninety

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degrees these dimensions allow you to establish

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the position of the whole ุฅูŠุด establish the

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position ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง locate ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ

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locate establish position

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ููŠ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุจุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ุงู‡ ู„ุฃ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู†ุช ู„ุณุงุชูƒ

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ุงู„ุญูŠู† ู…ุฎู„ุตุฉ ุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุนุดุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู‡ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง

194
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ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ look at ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ a and b ูˆ replace

195
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these words ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุญุทูŠู‡ู… ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ุชุฎุชุงุฑูŠ ุจุณ

196
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ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญุท ู„ูƒ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุฒูŠ .. ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง

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of a handrail at each other ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ hand are

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adjacent linked ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ perpendicular to each

199
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other ุจู†ูุน ู‡ูŠ perpendicular ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ at right angle

200
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ุทูŠุจ

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ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ five two look at these

202
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extracts from technical discussion on construction

203
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complete these sentences using the words in the

204
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box what they mean by extracts extracts

205
00:16:29,630 --> 00:16:35,950
ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุญุงุฌุงุช ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ look at extract from

206
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technical discussion ุงู„ู€ extract

207
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ุชุณู…ุนูˆุง ู…ู† ู…ู‚ุชุทูุงุชุŸ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู‚ุชุทูุงุช ุงู„ู€ extract ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ

208
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุช ุชุงุฎุฏ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุชุงุฎุฏ

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ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ู‚ุชุทูุงุช according to this

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drawing ุฅูŠุดุŸ it runs along the external wall of

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this structure ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ According to this

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drawing ุจู†ูุน grid lines ูˆู„ุง intersections

213
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parallel perpendicular set out or square upุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

214
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ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุด ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง verbุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุฅูŠุด

215
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ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุŸ ุงู„ู€ grid line according to this drawing

216
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grid line ุทูŠุจ the positions were marked accurately

217
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they were ุฅูŠุดุŸ by our site engineer

218
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ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ set out ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุฅูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง set out checked

219
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ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ูุญุตุช ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง the external wall runs

220
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along grid lines one and the internal corridor

221
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wall runs along grid line two so the walls are

222
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with each other ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุชุฑู‚ูŠู…ุŸ ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ู€

223
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grid lines ุฃุฎุฏุช ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง

224
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parallel ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช one and a ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง

225
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perpendicular ุจุณ one and two ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ู…

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ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง parallel ุฎู„ูŠูƒู… ู…ุนุงูŠุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุนุทูŠุชูƒูˆุง ุงู„ู€

227
00:18:31,830 --> 00:18:36,350
grid lines ู…ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ุฃูˆ alphabetically ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง

228
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ู…ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง in alphabetical order ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง

229
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ุฅูŠุดุŸ parallel ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ูˆุงุญุฏ numbered ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ alphabetic

230
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ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุงุŸ perpendicular ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุทูŠุจ I've

231
00:18:56,030 --> 00:19:00,350
marked a cross on the concrete floor showing where

232
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the two grid lines ุงู„ู€ cross ุจูŠุฌูŠ ูˆูŠู† where ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุด

233
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ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ two grid lines ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ู…ุŸ intersect ููŠ

234
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ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุทุน ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจุญุท x ุจุญุท ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุชู‚ุงุทุน

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ูƒู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุทูŠุจ we need to show the position of the

236
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corner of the staircase with coordinate dimensions

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they should be taken from two grid lines ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€

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staircase ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ ุชุนุฑู ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุŸ ุฃูŠูˆู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุฃ

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ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ we need to show the position of the corner

240
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ุงู„ู€ position ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ corner ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ two

241
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grid lines ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ู…ุŸ ุจุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุชุนู…ุฏูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŒ ููŠ

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hyperpendicular we will use the tidal light to

243
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edge the grid lines and mark a ninety degree

244
00:20:08,490 --> 00:20:13,210
offset ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ optical light ู„ูŠุด ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู€ optical

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light square off ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุทุจุทุจ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง

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ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ match .. match the two parts of the

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00:20:26,760 --> 00:20:30,620
sentences to complete the extract .. extract from

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a training manual in civil engineering the follow

249
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.. the following precautions can help to prevent

250
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costly setting out mistakes ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ precautionุŸ 

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ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุทุงุช ุฃูˆ ุฏูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ

252
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ุจุฏูƒ ุชุชุฌู†ุจูŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ

253
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ู„ุชุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ prevent costly setting out mistakes

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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฎุทุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฎุทุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒู„ู

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.. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒู„ู ูƒุซูŠุฑ always use a steel tape measure

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never a plastic one ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง

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ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ุนุฏู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ุชุฑ plastic to ensure it

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doesn't stretch under tension ุฃูŠูˆุฉ to ensure it

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doesn't stretch under tension ู„ูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช plastic

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ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุฃุดุฏู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ stretch ูŠู…ุท ู…ุนุงู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูุฏุงูŠู…ุง

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00:21:39,810 --> 00:21:44,150
ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู…ุทุงุฑููŠุด ู„ู„ุฎูŠุงุทูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ุงูŠุด

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ู…ุชุฑ ุฌู„ุฏูŠ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ุด ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุญุฏูŠุฏ

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ุจุณ ุทูˆูŠู„ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณู‡ ุจุณ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰

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ู‡ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ุญุฌู…ู‡ ูˆ ุจูŠุณุญุจ ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ู…ุนู‡ู… ุดูˆ

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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจู‚ู‰ุŸ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ุตุบูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง ุตุบูŠุฑ

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ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑ ุญุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ุชุฑ ูˆ ููŠู‡ ุฎู…ุณุฉ

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ู…ุชุฑ ุจุณ ุงู„ car car ุจูŠูˆุตู„ ู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ ู…ุชุฑ ูุฃู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ ุชู‚ูŠุณ

268
00:22:16,560 --> 00:22:21,580
ุฃุฑุงุถูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูŠุณุด ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจูŠุณุญุจ ูˆ ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ูˆ

269
00:22:21,580 --> 00:22:24,020
ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุชู‡ ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ู…

270
00:22:24,020 --> 00:22:27,400
ุจูŠู‚ูŠุณูˆุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู…ุนุงู‡ ู…ุชุฑ ูˆ ู…ุนุงู‡ ุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„

271
00:22:27,400 --> 00:22:30,960
car car ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ูƒุจูŠุฑ .. ู…ุชุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ

272
00:22:30,960 --> 00:22:36,120
ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู‡ check that both diagonals of the

273
00:22:36,120 --> 00:22:39,840
rectangular shape are equal ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฌุจุช ุฃู†ุง

274
00:22:39,840 --> 00:22:45,040
ุงู„ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠู…ูŠุฒู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุงูŠุด

275
00:22:45,040 --> 00:22:49,840
ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู„ ุถู„ุนูŠู† ู…ุชู‚ุงุจู„ูŠู†

276
00:22:49,840 --> 00:22:53,380
ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุงูŠุด

277
00:22:53,380 --> 00:22:57,720
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง

278
00:22:57,720 --> 00:23:02,370
ุชุจุนุชู‡ ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠู‡ ูŠูุฑุฒ ุฃุฑุถ ุจูŠู‚ูŠุณ 

279
00:23:02,370 --> 00:23:07,230
ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุงุช ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ ุจูŠู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ

280
00:23:07,230 --> 00:23:10,250
ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠู† ุนุดุงู† ุชุฃุฎุฐ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ

281
00:23:10,250 --> 00:23:16,350
ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ุฉ ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ููŠู‡ู… ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ to check

282
00:23:16,350 --> 00:23:20,590
the corners are at right angles ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู†ุญู†

283
00:23:20,590 --> 00:23:24,390
diagonalุŒ diagonal to check the angles measure

284
00:23:24,390 --> 00:23:27,990
dimensions in two directions from parallel grid

285
00:23:27,990 --> 00:23:28,570
lines

286
00:23:31,880 --> 00:23:37,000
to double check measurement ุฅุฐุง ุฌุฆุช ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุฎุทูŠู†

287
00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:40,540
ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠูŠู† ูˆู‚ุณุช ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุฑู

288
00:23:40,540 --> 00:23:48,380
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด ู…ุถู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุด ุฃุฎุทุงุก add

289
00:23:48,380 --> 00:23:54,740
up chains dimensions give running dimensionsto

290
00:23:54,740 --> 00:23:58,720
prevent slight errors being multiplied ุนุดุงู† ุงู„

291
00:23:58,720 --> 00:24:03,440
error ู…ุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ running meter

292
00:24:03,440 --> 00:24:08,980
ู„ูŠุคูƒุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุทูŠุจ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู…ุง ู†ู†ูˆูŠ ู†ุญู† ุฌุงู‡ุฒูŠู† ู„ู„ quiz

293
00:24:08,980 --> 00:24:09,560
ุชุจุนูƒู