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ุจุณู
ุงููู ุงูุฑุญู
ู ุงูุฑุญูู
ุงูุณูุงู
ุนูููู
ูุฑุญู
ุฉ ุงููู
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ูุจุฑูุงุชู ู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงูุฃุณุจูุน ุงูุซุงูุซ ุนุดุฑ ุฑุญ ุชููู ุนูู
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anatomy and physiology of the motor system
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ุงู motor system ู
ูู
ููู
ุฌุฏุง ูุฐูู ุฑุญ ูุชู
ุดุฑุญู ูู
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ุฃุณุจูุนูู ุฌุฒุก ุงูุฃูู ูู ุฃุณุจูุน ุงูุซุงูุซ ุนุดุฑ ูุฌุฒุก ุงูุซุงูู
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ูู ุฃุณุจูุน ุงูุฑุงุจุน ุนุดุฑ ูุจุฏุฃ ุจุงูู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงูู motor system
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what's the components of the motor systemุ ู
ู ุงูุด
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ุจุชููู ุงูู motor systemุ ุฃูู ุดูุก ุจุชููู ู
ู cortical
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motor area cortical motor area ูุนูู primary
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cortical motor area ุงููู ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูููุ pre central
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gyrus area 4 ู secondary motor areaุ area ุฑูู
6
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ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู frontal loop anterior to the precentral
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gyrus and cortical association area ุฏูููุชู ุดุฆ ุจูุชููู
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ุนู ุงูู cortical motor area ุงุซููู Basal nuclei ุงููู
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ูู ุฌุฒุก ู
ู ุงูู extrapyramidal nervous system ู
ุซู ุงู
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caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, ูููุฏูุชุ ุฃู
ูุฌุฏุงูููุฏ ูููููุงุณ
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ู ูููุงุณุชุฑูู
ุ Cerebellumุ brain
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stemุ ุฌุฐุน ุงูุฏู
ุงุบุ spinal cordุ ุฃูุง ุจุชููู
ุนู ุงูุฃุฌุฒุงุก
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00:01:39,330 --> 00:01:43,330
ุงููู ูููููุง ูุจู ุงูู motor ููุงูู ุงูู brain stem ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู
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ููุท ุงูู motor ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูู sensorุ ุฃูุง ุจุชููู
ุนู ุงูุฃุฌุฒุงุก
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ุงููู ุจุชุฎุต ุงูู motorุ spinal cordุ peripheral motor fibers
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peripheral motor nerve fibersุ ูุฃู ุงูู nerve ููู sensory
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fibers ู ููู autonomic fibersุ ุฃูุง ุจุชููู
ุนู ุงูู
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motor fibersุ ุงูู neuromuscular junctionุ ุงูู
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neuromuscular junction and muscle and muscle
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what's
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the components of the extrapyramidal motor system
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extrapyramidal motor system ุจุฏุฎู ูููุง ุจูุฒุงู
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ูููููุงูุ ููุฏูุช ูููููุงุณุ ุจููุชุงู
ููุ ุฌููุจุงุณ ุจุงููุฏุงุณ
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ูููุงุณุชุฑูู
ุ ุฃู
ูุฌุฏุงูููุฏ ูููููุงุณ ููู ูุนุชุจุฑ ุจูุฒุงู
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ูููููุงูุ subthalamus ุณูุนุชุจุฑ ุฌุฒุก ู
ู ูููุ ู
ู ุฏูุงู
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ุณููุฑููุ ู
ุชุฐูุฑูู ุฏูุงู ุณููุฑููุ ุซูุงู
ุณุ ููุจูุซูุงู
ุณุ
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ุณุจุซูุงู
ุณุ ู
ูุชุงุซูุงู
ุณุ ุฅูุจูุซุงูุงู
ุณุ ูุจูู ุงูู
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subthalamus ุณูุนุชุจุฑ ุฌุฒุก ู
ู ูููุ ู
ู ุฏูุงู ุณููุฑููุ ู
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ุงูู thalamus ููุณ ุงูุดูุก ุฌุฒุก ู
ู ุงููุ ู
ู ุฏูุงู ุณููุฑูู
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Substantia nigra ูู ุฌุฒุก ู
ู ุงูู Extra Pyramidal
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Nervous System ูู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู ุงูู midbrain
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00:03:06,560 --> 00:03:11,680
Substantia
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nigra ุชูุฑุฒ ู
ุงุฏุฉ ุงูุฏูุจุงู
ููุ ูู ุญุงู ุญุฏุซ ููุต ูู ู
ุงุฏุฉ
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ุงูุฏูุจุงู
ููุ ุงูู
ุฑูุถ ุจููุชุฌ ุนูุฏู ู
ุฑุถ ุงุณู
ู Parkinson
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disease ุฃู shaking palsy ู
ุฑุถ ุดูู ุงูุฑุนุงุด ุฃู ู
ุฑุถ
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Parkinsonุ Red nucleus ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู
ุงู ูู ุงูู midbrain
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00:03:34,250 --> 00:03:39,730
ู ูููุง ุฏูุฑ ูู ุงูู
ูุถูุน ุงููู ูู ุงูู extrapyramidal
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00:03:39,730 --> 00:03:46,730
nervous systemุ clinical correlation of the
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extrapyramidal nervous system ููู ููู
ุนูุงูุฉ ุจุจุนุถ
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ุงูุฃู
ุฑุงุถ ุงูู Parkinson disease ูู ูุนุชุจุฑ degeneration
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00:03:58,930 --> 00:04:04,270
and depigmentation of neurons in the substantia
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00:04:04,270 --> 00:04:07,070
nigra ู
ุฑุถ ุงูุจุฑููุณูู ุฑุงุญ ูุงุฎุฏู ูู ุณูุฉ ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ูู
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ุงูู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉุ ุจูุญุฏุซ neurodegenerative changes in the
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00:04:14,040 --> 00:04:19,020
substantia nigra ุงููู ุจุชูุฑุฒ ู
ุงุฏุฉ ุงููุ ุงูุฏูุจุงู
ูู
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00:04:19,020 --> 00:04:21,720
ูุฌุจ ุฃู ูููู Parkinson disease ูุนุชุจุฑ it chronic
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slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder
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characterized by loss of pigmented neurons in the
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substantia nigra ูููู ูู ุจูุญุฏุซ ุงูู loss of
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pigmented neurons in substantia negra ูุฐุง ุงูู
ุฑุถ
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ูุคุฏู ุฅูู ุงููุ ุจุฑุงุฏูููููุฒูุง ุฃู ููุจูููููุฒูุงุ ุจุชูู
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00:04:50,730 --> 00:04:58,330
ุงูุญุฑูุฉุ muscle rigidityุ breast tremor ุจุณ ุดุบู
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instabilityุ ูู ูุฐู ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ูุฅููุ ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ูู
ูุถูุน ุงููู ูู
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00:05:03,470 --> 00:05:09,120
Parkinson diseaseุ ุงุซููู Huntington's disease ุฃู
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ููุฑูุฉุ ุชุนุชุจุฑ autosomal dominant ุฃู ุฏุงุฆุฑ ุฑูุต ุจูููู
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ุงูู
ุฑูุถ ู
ุงุดู ู
ุซู ุจุฑูุตุ ุฏุงุฆุฑ ุฑูุตุ autosomal dominant
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movement disorder associated with severe
63
00:05:25,500 --> 00:05:33,140
degeneration of the cholinergic and GABAergic
64
00:05:33,140 --> 00:05:40,770
neurons ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูุจูู ุฅู ูู ุงุนุชุจุฑ ุงูุนูุงูุฉ ุจุงูู GABA ูู
65
00:05:40,770 --> 00:05:46,750
ุจุงูู ููููููุฑุฌูู ุชู
ุงู
ุ which are located in the
66
00:05:46,750 --> 00:05:50,910
caudate nucleus and putamenุ ูููู ูุฐุง ุงูู
ุฑุถ ุจูููู
67
00:05:50,910 --> 00:05:57,970
ุนูุฏูู
ููุฑูุฉ and dementia and dementia ู ูุชุฌ ุนู ุงููุ
68
00:05:57,970 --> 00:06:04,530
degeneration ูู ุงูููููููุฑุฌูู ู ุงูู GABA ูุฐุง ุงูู GABA
69
00:06:04,530 --> 00:06:06,170
gamma-aminobutyric acid
70
00:06:15,630 --> 00:06:22,210
ุจุงููุฒู
ุณ ุฃู ููุจู ุจุงููุฒู
ุณ ูุฐุง ุฃูุซุฑ ุดูุก ู
ู
ูู ุชุดููู ูู
71
00:06:22,210 --> 00:06:25,590
ุญุงูุงุช ischemic infarctionุ ูู
ุง ูุญุฏุซ ischemic
72
00:06:25,590 --> 00:06:30,770
infarction ูู ุดูุก ุงุณู
ู Lewy body nucleus ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ
73
00:06:30,770 --> 00:06:34,450
ูู ุงูู subthalamus ุชุคุฏู ุฅูู ุงููุ ุจุงููุฒู
ุณ ุฃู
74
00:06:34,450 --> 00:06:38,670
hemibalism involuntary movement ูู ู
ูุงุถุน ุขุฎุฑ
75
00:06:40,480 --> 00:06:45,220
Hepatolenticular Degeneration ุฃู ุจูุณู
ูู ูููุณูู
76
00:06:45,220 --> 00:06:51,500
ุฏูุฒูุฒุ ู
ุฑุถ ูููุณููุ ูุฐุง ุงูู
ุฑุถ ุณู
ูู Hepatolenticular
77
00:06:51,500 --> 00:06:55,180
Degeneration ูุฅูู ุจูุตูุจ ุงููุจุฏ ู ุจูุตูุจ ุงูู Basal
78
00:06:55,180 --> 00:06:59,320
ุงููููููุงู ูููุชูููุฑุ ุงููููููุงุณุ ุจูุญุฏุซ accumulation of
79
00:06:59,320 --> 00:07:03,040
copperุ ูุงูู
ุดููุฉุ ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ูู ุงูุฒูู
ุงุณู
ู
80
00:07:03,040 --> 00:07:06,900
ุงูู ceruloplasminุ ูุฐุง ุงูู ceruloplasmin ุจูุญุฏุซ ููู
81
00:07:06,900 --> 00:07:10,300
mutation ุฃู ุชุณู
ู ุงูู recessive diseaseุ ู
82
00:07:10,300 --> 00:07:15,080
ceruloplasmin ูุธููุชู ูู ุนู
ู binding ู
ุน ุงููุญุงุณุ ุชุชุญุฏ
83
00:07:15,080 --> 00:07:18,380
ู
ุน ุงููุญุงุณ ู ุจูุฎุฑุฌูุง ู
ุนูุ ุงูุจุนูุถ ุจูุฎุฑุฌูุง ู
ุนู ุนุตุงุฑุฉ
84
00:07:18,380 --> 00:07:25,280
ุงูู
ุฑุงุฑุฉ ู
ู ุงููุจุฏุ ููู ูู ุญุงู ุฅู ูู mutation ูู ูุฐุง ุงูู
85
00:07:25,280 --> 00:07:32,560
enzyme ุจูุญุฏุซ block ู ุนุฏู
ู
ูุฏุฑุฉ ู
ู ุงูุงุชุญุงุฏ ู
ุน ุงููุญุงุณ
86
00:07:32,560 --> 00:07:36,900
ู ุจูุญุฏุซ accumulation ูููุญุงุณ ูู ุงูู bodyุ ู ุงููุญุงุณ ุฑุงุญ
87
00:07:36,900 --> 00:07:40,560
ูููู ูู ุงูู liver ู ุงูู Basal ุงููููููุงู ู ุงูู other
88
00:07:40,560 --> 00:07:45,660
organsุ type
89
00:07:45,660 --> 00:07:50,490
of body movementsุ ุงูุขู ุงูุด ุงูู body movements ูู
90
00:07:50,490 --> 00:07:56,190
autonomous ุฃู reflex movementุ ุฃูุง ุจุนู
ู ุญุฑูุงุช
91
00:07:56,190 --> 00:07:59,370
reflex ุจุฏูู ุฅุฑุงุฏุฉุ ุจุฏูู ุฅุฑุงุฏุฉ ูุนูู ูุฐุง ุจูุณู
ูู
92
00:07:59,370 --> 00:08:05,410
involuntary movement ุฃู postural without ุฃู ุฃู
93
00:08:05,410 --> 00:08:08,970
ุจูุณู
ูู withdrawal reflexุ withdrawal reflex ูุนูู
94
00:08:08,970 --> 00:08:14,890
ุฃูุง ุจุนู
ููุง ุจุฏูู ู
ุง ุฃููุฑุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูุฐู ุญุฑูุงุช ูุง ุฅุฑุงุฏูุฉ
95
00:08:14,890 --> 00:08:21,730
ุญุฑูุงุช ูุง ุฅุฑุงุฏูุฉุ ู ูู rhythmic voluntary movement ู
ุซู
96
00:08:21,730 --> 00:08:25,730
ุงูู chewing ู walking ูุฐู ุญุฑูุงุช ุฅุฑุงุฏูุฉุ ุฃูุง ุจุฏุฃุช
97
00:08:25,730 --> 00:08:30,490
ุฃุชุญุฑูุ ุฃุชุญุฑูุ ู
ุดูุชุ ูููุชุ ุฎูุงุต ูููู ูุฐู voluntary
98
00:08:30,490 --> 00:08:39,290
movement ุฃูุง ุจุชุญูู
ูููุงุ ูุฐู ุงูุญุฑูุงุชุ ุงูู
99
00:08:39,290 --> 00:08:43,990
anterior horn cells ูู ุงูู spinal cord ูู ุงูู anterior
100
00:08:43,990 --> 00:08:48,820
horn cells ูุฐู ุงูู anterior horn cells ุงูู main
101
00:08:48,820 --> 00:08:53,940
function ุจุชุงุนุชูุง motorุ main function ููุง motorุ ุงูู
102
00:08:53,940 --> 00:08:57,900
anterior horn cells consist of motor cells ูุจูู
103
00:08:57,900 --> 00:09:02,360
ูููุง ุงููุ motor cellsุ ุงูู anterior horn cells
104
00:09:02,360 --> 00:09:09,840
ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูููุง medial group nucleiุ central group
105
00:09:09,840 --> 00:09:16,670
nucleiุ and lateral group nucleiุ ูุนูู ุงูู anterior
106
00:09:16,670 --> 00:09:21,370
horn cells ูููุง ูุงู
ู
ุฌู
ูุนุฉุ ุชูุงุชุฉุ medially group
107
00:09:21,370 --> 00:09:29,390
central group and lateral groupุ ูุจุฏุฃ ุจุงูู medially
108
00:09:29,390 --> 00:09:35,890
groupุ ุงูู medially group ู
ูุฌูุฏูู ูู ูู ุงูู spinal cord ุฃุถุงุก
109
00:09:35,890 --> 00:09:39,630
ุงูู medially group ูู ุงูู thoracic segment ุจูุณู
ูู
110
00:09:39,630 --> 00:09:45,150
ูู ventromedial and dorsomedialุ ู
ุณุคูููู ุนู ู
ููุ ุนู
111
00:09:45,150 --> 00:09:51,630
ุนุถูุงุช ุงูู trunkุ supply the muscle of trunkุ ุนูุงูุฉ ูู
112
00:09:51,630 --> 00:09:57,010
ุนุถูุงุช ุงูู ููู trunkุ central group ู
ูุฌูุฏูู ู
ููุ ูู
113
00:09:57,010 --> 00:10:04,330
ุงูู upper cervical part ูู C1 ู C4 ู
ุณุคูููู ุนู ู
ููุ
114
00:10:04,330 --> 00:10:10,090
ุจูุนุทูุง fibers ูู pharynx nerve ู spinal accessory
115
00:10:10,090 --> 00:10:14,010
nerve ูููู ูุฐูู ุงูู
ุณุคูููู ุนู ู
ููุ ุนู pharynx nerve
116
00:10:14,010 --> 00:10:18,870
ูู ุฃูุฑุงุฏ ู spinal accessory nerve ุงููู ุจูุบุฐู
117
00:10:18,870 --> 00:10:24,070
trapezius muscle and sternocleidomastoid muscle
118
00:10:24,070 --> 00:10:30,320
lateral group ู
ู ุฌุณู
ุงูู ventral lateral ู dorsal
119
00:10:30,320 --> 00:10:33,940
lateral ูุฐูู ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏูู ูู lower cervical ูู ุงูู
120
00:10:33,940 --> 00:10:39,560
lumber ูู ุงูู upper segment of sacral ู
ุณุคูููู ุนู
121
00:10:39,560 --> 00:10:46,720
ุงููุ ุนู ุงูู upper ู lower limb muscle ูู ุงูู medial
122
00:10:46,720 --> 00:10:50,200
group muscle ู
ุณุฆููุฉ ุนู ุงูู trunk ู ุงูู abdominal
123
00:10:50,200 --> 00:10:55,630
muscleุ central group ู
ุณุฆููุฉ ุนู pharynx ุฃู
124
00:10:55,630 --> 00:10:59,010
phrenic nerve ู spinal accessory nerve
125
00:10:59,010 --> 00:11:03,010
ุจูุบุฐูุง ุงูู diaphragm ู trapezius muscle ู
126
00:11:03,010 --> 00:11:08,870
sternocleidomastoid muscle ู lateral group ุงููู ู
ู
127
00:11:08,870 --> 00:11:13,910
ุฌุณู
ู ููู ุฌุณู
ูู dorsolateral ู ventrolateral ูุฐูู
128
00:11:13,910 --> 00:11:17,270
ุจูุบุฐููุ ู
ุณุคูููู ุนู ุงูู upper ู lower limb muscles
129
00:11:19,990 --> 00:11:24,530
rule the spinal cord in motor functionุ ุงูุด ูุธููุฉ
130
00:11:24,530 --> 00:11:27,530
ุงูู spinal cordุ ุงูุด ูุธููุฉ ูุฐู ุงูู anterior horn
131
00:11:27,530 --> 00:11:35,090
cellsุ ุงุชูููุง ูู ุงูู spinal cord ูู motor neurons
132
00:11:35,090 --> 00:11:38,970
ููู ู
ูุฌูุฏูู ุงูู motor neuronsุ ู
ูุฌูุฏูู ูู ุงูู
133
00:11:38,970 --> 00:11:44,250
anterior horn cellsุ ูุจูู ุงูู main function of the
134
00:11:44,250 --> 00:11:52,040
anterior horn cells is motor functionุ ูู ููุนูู ู
ู
135
00:11:52,040 --> 00:11:58,460
ุงูู neurons ูู Alpha Motoneuron ููู Gamma
136
00:11:58,460 --> 00:12:05,510
Motoneuronุ Alpha Motoneuronุ it is large type ูุนูู
137
00:12:05,510 --> 00:12:10,190
give rise to large type a alpha motoneuron fibers
138
00:12:10,190 --> 00:12:15,330
ู
ุณุคูู ุนู ู
ููุ ุนู stimulation of the muscle fibers
139
00:12:15,330 --> 00:12:20,430
ูุจุฏุฃ ุงูููุน ุงูุฃูู Alpha Motoneuron ู
ุณุคูู ุนู ุงูู
140
00:12:20,430 --> 00:12:25,110
large type a alpha ูุจูุบุฐููุง ูู
ุณุคูู ุนู ุงููุ ุนู
141
00:12:25,110 --> 00:12:30,380
stimulation of muscle fibersุ ุงูููุน ุงูุซุงูู Gamma
142
00:12:30,380 --> 00:12:35,820
Motoneuronุ Gamma Motoneuron ูุฏูู ุจูุฑูุญูุง ู
ุน ู
ููุ ู
ุน
143
00:12:35,820 --> 00:12:43,040
small of type A Gammaุ ูุธููุชูู
control the muscle
144
00:12:43,040 --> 00:12:46,040
toneุ ูุจูู ุงูู small fibers ุงููู ู
ูุงูุฉ ุจุงูู
145
00:12:46,040 --> 00:12:51,240
regulation of muscle toneุ ุฃู
ุง ุงูู large fibers ุงููู
146
00:12:51,240 --> 00:12:56,300
ุจูุฌูุง ู
ู Alpha Motoneuron ุงููู ู
ูุงูุฉ ุจู stimulation
147
00:12:56,300 --> 00:13:01,660
of muscle fibersุ ูููู ุฃูู ููุน ู
ูุชู ููุฑููุฒ ู
ูุฌูุฏูู
148
00:13:01,660 --> 00:13:08,660
ูู anterior horn cellsุ ุงููุบุฉ ุงูุซุงููุฉ Interneurons
149
00:13:08,660 --> 00:13:15,400
Interneurons ุฃู ุจูุณู
ููู
Intermediateุ Intermediate
150
00:13:15,400 --> 00:13:19,480
neuronsุ ูุฏูู ุงูู Interneurons ุฃู ุงูู Intermediate
151
00:13:19,480 --> 00:13:24,520
neurons ูู
ูุฌูุฏูู ู
ูุฌูุฏูู ุจูู ุงูู sensory
152
00:13:24,520 --> 00:13:28,740
neurons and motor ุจูู ุงูู sensory ู ุงูู motor ูุนูู
153
00:13:28,740 --> 00:13:36,220
ุจูุบุฉ ุซุงููุฉ ู
ูุฌูุฏูู ุจูู posterior horn cells ู anterior
154
00:13:36,220 --> 00:13:40,940
horn cellsุ ู
ุงูู ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ุงูุฑุฆูุณูุฉ ููู
ุ ุงูู
ุดููุฉ
155
00:13:40,940 --> 00:13:45,820
ุงูุฑุฆูุณูุฉ reflex center ู
ุซู ู
ุง ุงุชูููุง Intermediates
156
00:13:45,820 --> 00:13:49,640
area ููู ู
ูุฌูุฏููุ ุจูู ุงูู ventral ู ุงูู dorsal horns ุฃู
157
00:13:49,640 --> 00:13:54,400
ุจูู ุงูู anterior posterior hornุ ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ุงูุฑุฆูุณูุฉ ูู
158
00:13:55,560 --> 00:13:59,920
Excitatory for Integrative Function of the Spinal
159
00:13:59,920 --> 00:14:05,380
Cord ูุนุชุจุฑู Integrative Function ุฃู Reflex Center
160
00:14:05,380 --> 00:14:07,480
ูุธููุชูู
Reflex Center
161
00:14:26,330 --> 00:14:29,810
ุจุงูู motor fibers ุชุนู
ู contraction of the muscle
162
00:14:29,810 --> 00:14:34,750
ู ุจูุญุตู ุนููุง reflex ูุงุฒู
163
00:14:34,750 --> 00:14:39,630
ูุชููู
ุนูู ุดูุก ุงุณู
ู pyramidal tract ุงูุด ูู
164
00:14:39,630 --> 00:14:44,930
pyramidal tractุ pyramidal tract contains
165
00:14:44,930 --> 00:14:50,710
about one million nerve fibers ูู one million
166
00:14:50,710 --> 00:14:57,430
nerve fibersุ it is the longest nerve fibers in the
167
00:14:57,430 --> 00:15:02,750
body ู ุฃุทูู nerve fibers ุฃู ุฃุทูู tract ูู ุงูุฌุณู
ูู
168
00:15:02,750 --> 00:15:07,490
ู
ููุ ุจูุฑุงู
ูุฏุงู tractุ ู
ู ููู ุจุจุฏุฃุ ุงูู origin
169
00:15:07,490 --> 00:15:12,560
ุจุชุงุนู ุจุจุฏุฃ ู
ู ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู
ูุง Betz cells ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู ุงูู
170
00:15:12,560 --> 00:15:17,160
internal pyramidal layer ูุนูู ุฃู ุทุจูุฉุ ูู ุงูุทุจูุฉ
171
00:15:17,160 --> 00:15:21,420
ุงูุฎุงู
ุณุฉ ู
ู ุงูู cortex ูู ุงูู internal pyramidal
172
00:15:21,420 --> 00:15:25,240
layer ู
ู ุงูุด ุจุชููู ุงูู cortex ูู ุงูู histology ุจุชููู
173
00:15:25,240 --> 00:15:31,300
ู
ู six layersุ ุฃูู layer molecular layer ุซุงูู layer
174
00:15:31,300 --> 00:15:38,020
external granular layer ุซุงูุซ external pyramidal
175
00:15:38,020 --> 00:15:44,240
layer ุฑุงุจุน internal granular layer ุฎุงู
ุณ ganglionic
176
00:15:44,240 --> 00:15:48,400
layers ุฃู internal pyramidal layer ู
ู ุงูู internal
177
00:15:48,400 --> 00:15:53,260
pyramidal layer ุจูุจุฏุฃ ุจู Betz cells ุงููู ูู
ู
ุณุคูููู ุนู ุฃู
178
00:15:53,260 --> 00:15:57,660
ูู
ูุนุชุจุฑูุง ุจุฏุงูุฉ ุงููุ Pyramidal tract ู ุขุฎุฑ ุดูุก
179
00:15:57,660 --> 00:16:02,920
multiform layers ูุฐู ุงูู layers ูู
layers of
180
00:16:02,920 --> 00:16:04,560
cerebral cortex
181
00:16:07,390 --> 00:16:11,550
ุงูุดูุก ุงูุซุงูู ูู
ุง ุงุชููู
ูุง ุนู ุงูู cortex ุณุฑุงุญุชููู
182
00:16:11,550 --> 00:16:20,590
ุงูุฅูุณุงู ุจูููู ุนูุฏู ูู
183
00:16:20,590 --> 00:16:32,450
ุงูุฏู
ุงุบ ุฃู ุจูููู ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูุฏู
ุงุบ ูุฐุงุ ุงูุฑุฃุณ ุชุญุช ุงูู
184
00:16:32,450 --> 00:16:38,360
upper limbs ูู ุงููุณุท ู lower limbs ูููุ ูุนูู ูู ุงูู
185
00:16:38,360 --> 00:16:42,440
upper one third ุจูููู ุงูู lower limbs ูู ุงู
201
00:17:56,560 --> 00:18:05,220
ุงูุจูุฑุงู
ูุฏุงู
202
00:18:05,220 --> 00:18:12,260
ุฏู ุงูู Pyramidal tract ุฏู ุงูู tract ูุฑุณู
ู ููุง ูุฎุทุทู ู
ุน
203
00:18:12,260 --> 00:18:12,620
ุจุนุถ
204
00:18:19,940 --> 00:18:28,040
ูู ุนูุฏู ุจูุฑุงู
ูุฏุงู
205
00:18:28,040 --> 00:18:31,680
tract
206
00:18:31,680 --> 00:18:35,480
ุจูุฑุงู
ูุฏุงู
207
00:18:35,480 --> 00:18:43,440
tract ู
ู ุงููุณู
ููุณู
ูู ุงููุณู
ููุณู
ูู ุฃูู
208
00:18:43,440 --> 00:18:49,180
ูุณู
ุจูุณู
ูู Corticospinal
209
00:18:52,560 --> 00:19:00,180
ุงููุณู
ุงูุซุงูู ููุฑุชููู
210
00:19:00,180 --> 00:19:09,200
ูููููุงุฑ ุชุฑุงูุช ุฃู ููุฑุชููู ุจูุจุฑ
211
00:19:17,420 --> 00:19:21,860
ุงูุฌุฒุก ุงูุฃูู Corticospinal tract ูุงูุฌุฒุก ุงูุซุงูู
212
00:19:21,860 --> 00:19:24,200
ููุฑุชููู ูููููุงุฑ ุฃู ููุฑุชููู ุจูุจุฑ
213
00:19:35,420 --> 00:19:41,380
ุงูู Corticonuclear tract ูุณู
ูู ู Corticospinal
214
00:19:41,380 --> 00:19:47,400
tract ูุณู
ูู ู
ู ุงุณู
ู Corticonuclear tract
215
00:19:47,400 --> 00:19:51,420
Corticonuclear tract ุฅูู ุฑุงุญ ูููู ุฅูู ุญุงูุฉ
216
00:19:51,420 --> 00:20:01,180
Corticonuclear tractุ ุจูุนุทููุง fibers ูู
ูุ ููุงูุชุฑูููุฑูู
217
00:20:02,580 --> 00:20:11,160
ูู cells in the spinal cord ู
ู ููุง ูุณู
ู Cortico-spinal
218
00:20:11,160 --> 00:20:14,820
ูุนูู ุจูุจุฏุฃ ู
ู ุงูู cortex ู ุจูุชูู ููู ูู ุงูู
219
00:20:14,820 --> 00:20:21,840
spinal ุทุจ ู Cortico ูููููุงุฑ ุจูุนุทููุง fibers ูู
ูุ
220
00:20:21,840 --> 00:20:28,040
to motor nuclei
221
00:20:28,040 --> 00:20:31,760
in the brain stem
222
00:20:35,500 --> 00:20:47,520
ู
ูุชูุฑ ููููููุงู of cranial nerve of cranial
223
00:20:47,520 --> 00:20:52,340
nerve in
224
00:20:52,340 --> 00:21:00,060
the brain stem ุชู
ุงู
225
00:21:04,430 --> 00:21:14,250
Corticospinal tract ุชููุณู
ููุณู
ูู Lateral
226
00:21:14,250 --> 00:21:17,970
Corticospinal
227
00:21:17,970 --> 00:21:25,810
tract ู Ventral Corticospinal
228
00:21:25,810 --> 00:21:26,470
tract
229
00:21:30,280 --> 00:21:34,280
ุทุจุนุง ุงููุณู
ุงููุณู
ูู Lateral Corticospinal tract and
230
00:21:34,280 --> 00:21:37,540
Ventral Corticospinal tract Lateral Corticospinal
231
00:21:37,540 --> 00:21:43,300
tract supply supply
232
00:21:43,300 --> 00:21:52,420
the upper limbs and lower limbs ุฃู
ุง ุงูู Ventral
233
00:21:52,420 --> 00:21:57,500
Corticospinal tract supply ุงููู ูู
234
00:22:04,260 --> 00:22:09,520
trunk and abdominal
235
00:22:09,520 --> 00:22:14,980
muscles ูุจูู
236
00:22:14,980 --> 00:22:19,620
ูู ุนูุฏู ุงููู ูู ุงูู Ventral tract ุฃู Ventral
237
00:22:19,620 --> 00:22:21,880
Corticospinal tract ููููู ู
ุณุคููุฉ ุนู ุงูู respiratory
238
00:22:21,880 --> 00:22:25,640
ุนู ุฅูู respiratory muscles ูุงู Cortico
239
00:22:28,610 --> 00:22:31,350
Bulbar tract ุฑุงุญ ูููุณู
ูู .. ุฃู Corticonuclear
240
00:22:31,350 --> 00:22:36,590
tract ุฑุงุญ ูููุณู
ููุณู
ูู ุงููุณู
241
00:22:36,590 --> 00:22:43,930
ุงูุฃูู ุงุณู
ู Lateral ููุณ ุงูุดูุก Corticonuclear tract
242
00:22:43,930 --> 00:22:50,030
ูุงูุซุงูู Medial Corticonuclear
243
00:22:50,030 --> 00:22:56,630
tract ุงูู Medial Corticonuclear tract ุณูู supply
244
00:22:59,180 --> 00:23:07,700
ุฃู give fibers to
245
00:23:07,700 --> 00:23:20,300
Oculomotor nuclei ุงููู ูู
ุงูุนุตุจ ุงูุซุงูุซ ูุงูุฑุงุจุน ูุงูุณุงุฏุณ
246
00:23:20,300 --> 00:23:22,560
from
247
00:23:26,510 --> 00:23:31,150
both cerebral hemispheres ูุนูู ุงูู Medial ุงูููุฑุชููู
248
00:23:31,150 --> 00:23:33,990
ูููููุงุฑ ุชุฑุงูุช ุจูุนุทู ุงูู ูููููุงุฑ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงูู Oculomotor
249
00:23:33,990 --> 00:23:37,310
ู Trochlear ู ุงูู Abducens ุนูู ุงูู both sides ุจูุจูู ุนูู
250
00:23:37,310 --> 00:23:39,450
ุงูู right ู ุนูู ุงูู left ู ุงูู left ุจูุนุทู right left
251
00:23:39,450 --> 00:23:42,630
ู ููุฐุง ูุนูู ุงูู Nuclei of Oculomotor Trochlear ู
252
00:23:42,630 --> 00:23:46,110
ุงูู Abducens ุจูุงุฎุฏู ู
ู ุงูู both cerebral hemispheres ุทุจ
253
00:23:46,110 --> 00:23:52,590
ุงูู Lateral ููุฑุชููู ูููููุงุฑ ุชุฑุงูุช ุจูุนุทู
254
00:23:52,590 --> 00:23:53,750
ููู
ูุชูุฑ
255
00:23:55,610 --> 00:24:04,570
Nuclei of Trigeminal
256
00:24:04,570 --> 00:24:09,750
nerve Dorsal
257
00:24:09,750 --> 00:24:17,170
Facial nerve Glossopharyngeal,
258
00:24:17,770 --> 00:24:22,490
Vagus ู Cranial accessory ุงููู ูู ุนูุงูุฉ ุจู Ambiguous
259
00:24:22,490 --> 00:24:23,010
ูููููุงุณ
260
00:24:29,020 --> 00:24:36,020
Cranial accessory from both cerebral hemispheres
261
00:24:36,020 --> 00:24:46,500
and ูุจูุนุทู ูู
ุงู two ventral nuclei
262
00:24:46,500 --> 00:24:55,440
of Facial nerve ูุงุตูุฉ ูHypoglossal nerve
263
00:24:55,440 --> 00:24:57,680
Hypoglossal nucleus
264
00:25:01,760 --> 00:25:07,360
only from opposite side
265
00:25:12,120 --> 00:25:17,500
ูุนูู ููุง ุดุฑุญูุง ููู
ู
ุฎุทุท ุจุชุงุน ุจูุฑุงู
ูุฏุงู ุชุฑุงูุช ุดุฑุญูุง
266
00:25:17,500 --> 00:25:21,220
ููู
ู
ุฎุทุท ุจุชุงุน ุจูุฑุงู
ูุฏุงู ุชุฑุงูุช ููุง ู
ูุฌูุฏ ุจุณ ู
ุด ูุงุถุญ
267
00:25:21,220 --> 00:25:24,900
ูุซูุฑ ูู ุงููุฑูุฉ ุงููู ุฃูุง ุตูุฑุชูููุง ุฅูุงูุง ููุง ุฑุณู
ูุง
268
00:25:24,900 --> 00:25:28,620
ููู
ุฅูุงูุง ูุฎุทุทุชูุง ููู
ุงูู ุจูุฑุงู
ูุฏุงู ุชุฑุงูุช ุจููุณู
269
00:25:28,620 --> 00:25:34,140
ูุฌุฒุฆูู ุงูุฌุฒุก ุงูุฃูู Corticospinal tract ูุฌุฒุก ุซุงูู
270
00:25:34,140 --> 00:25:36,600
Corticobulbar ุฃู Corticonuclear tract
271
00:25:36,600 --> 00:25:39,740
Corticospinal tract ูุจุฏุฃ ู
ู ุงูู cortex ูููุชูู ูู
272
00:25:39,740 --> 00:25:44,060
spinal cord ูุนูู ุจูุนุทู fibers ููุงูุชุฑูููุฑูู ูุญุตู ูู
273
00:25:44,060 --> 00:25:49,540
spinal cord ู Corticobulbar tract ุจูุนุทู fibers to
274
00:25:49,540 --> 00:25:53,760
motor nuclei of the cranial nerves in the brain
275
00:25:53,760 --> 00:25:58,860
stem in the brain stem okay Corticospinal tract
276
00:25:58,860 --> 00:26:05,610
ุจููุณู
ููุณู
ูู Lateral Corticospinal tract ุจูู
ุฑ ูู ุงูู
277
00:26:05,610 --> 00:26:11,190
lateral column of spinal cord ู ุจูุบุฐู ุงูู upper ู
278
00:26:11,190 --> 00:26:16,070
lower limbs ู Ventral Corticospinal tract supply
279
00:26:16,070 --> 00:26:21,730
trunk and abdominal muscles ุจูู
ุฑ ููู ูู ุงูู Ventral
280
00:26:21,730 --> 00:26:25,870
column of spinal cord ููุฌู ูู Corticobulbar tract
281
00:26:25,870 --> 00:26:31,490
ุจููุณู
ููุณู
ูู Lateral Corticonuclear tract and
282
00:26:31,490 --> 00:26:36,270
Medial Corticonuclear tract ุงูู Medial
283
00:26:36,270 --> 00:26:37,810
Corticonuclear tract
284
00:26:47,600 --> 00:26:50,800
ุงูููููููุงุฑุงุช ุจุชุงุนุชูู
ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู ุจุฑูู stem ููููููุงุณ
285
00:26:50,800 --> 00:26:53,640
ุฃู Oculomotor Nuclei ุฃู Oculomotor Nuclei ุฃู Oculomotor
286
00:26:53,640 --> 00:26:55,860
Nuclei ุฃู Oculomotor Nuclei ุฃู Oculomotor Nuclei ุฃู
287
00:26:55,860 --> 00:26:57,280
Oculomotor Nuclei ุฃู Oculomotor Nuclei ุฃู Oculomotor Nuclei
288
00:26:57,280 --> 00:26:58,920
ุฃู Oculomotor Nuclei ุฃู Oculomotor Nuclei Nuclei Nuclei
289
00:26:58,920 --> 00:27:04,480
Nuclei Nuclei Nuclei Nuclei Nuclei Nuclei Nuclei
290
00:27:04,480 --> 00:27:05,610
Nuclei Nuclei Nuclei Nuclei Nuclei Nuclei Nuclei
291
00:27:05,610 --> 00:27:09,190
left ุจูุบุฐูู left ู ุจูุบุฐูู right ูุนูู ุงูู nucleus
292
00:27:09,190 --> 00:27:14,030
ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงูู Motor Nuclei of the Ocular Nerve receive
293
00:27:14,030 --> 00:27:17,950
fibers from the Corticonuclear tract ุฅูู ูุงุญุฏ
294
00:27:17,950 --> 00:27:22,530
ูููู
ุ from the Medial Corticonuclear tract from
295
00:27:22,530 --> 00:27:27,020
both cerebral hemispheres ููุฌู ูู Lateral
296
00:27:27,020 --> 00:27:31,700
Corticonuclear tract give motor fibers ูู
ูุ
297
00:27:31,700 --> 00:27:37,140
ููู
ูุชูุฑ ููููููุงู of the cranial nerves ู
ู ูู
ุง ู
ูุชูุฑ
298
00:27:37,140 --> 00:27:41,140
ููููููุงุณ ุงูู Trigeminal nerve ู
ูุชูุฑ ููููููุงุณ ุงูู
299
00:27:41,140 --> 00:27:45,820
Dorsal nucleus ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงูู Facial nerve Ambiguous
300
00:27:45,820 --> 00:27:49,040
ููููููุงุณ ุงูู
ุณุฆูู ุนู ุงูู Glossopharyngeal ู Vagus ู
301
00:27:49,040 --> 00:27:53,000
Cranial accessory from both cerebral and cerebral
302
00:27:53,000 --> 00:27:56,220
ูุนูู ุงูู right Lateral ุจูุนุทู right left right left
303
00:27:56,220 --> 00:28:02,260
ุทูุจ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุฅูู ุจูุนุทู ูู
ุงู Ventral nucleus of Facial
304
00:28:02,260 --> 00:28:07,300
nerve ุงูู
ุณุฆูู ุนู ุงูู lower quadrant of the face
305
00:28:08,160 --> 00:28:10,640
ูุจูุบุฐูููุง ุงูู Hypoglossal nucleus ุงูู
ุณุฆูู ุนู ุงูู
306
00:28:10,640 --> 00:28:15,880
Hypoglossal nerve only from opposite side ูุนูู ุงูู
307
00:28:15,880 --> 00:28:19,740
Ventral nucleus ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงูู Facial nerve ุงูุดู
ุงู
308
00:28:19,740 --> 00:28:24,810
ุงููู
ูู ูุงูู Hypoglossal nucleus ุจุชุงุนุช ุงูุนุตุจ ุงูุซุงูู
309
00:28:24,810 --> 00:28:31,030
ุนุดุฑ ุงููู
ูู ุจุณ ุชุงุฎุฏ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู
ู ุงูู left Lateral
310
00:28:31,030 --> 00:28:34,490
Corticonuclear ุชุงุฎุฏุด ู
ู ุงูู both cerebral ุงููู
311
00:28:34,490 --> 00:28:37,970
ู
ุตูุฑูุงุ ุจูุงุฎุฏ ู
ู ุงูู one sideุ ุจูุงุฎุฏ ู
ู ูููุ one
312
00:28:37,970 --> 00:28:38,610
side
313
00:28:42,830 --> 00:28:46,430
ููู ุงูู Pyramidal tract ุงูุขู ุฑุงุญ ูููู ุฃุณูู ููู
ุงูู
314
00:28:46,430 --> 00:28:53,150
Pyramidal tract is a bundle of motoneuron fibers it
315
00:28:53,150 --> 00:28:57,370
begins in the cerebral cortex ุจูุจุฏุฃ ู
ู ูููุ ู
ู ุงูู
316
00:28:57,370 --> 00:29:01,190
cerebral cortex ุนุดุงู ููู ุณู
ูู Corticospinal
317
00:29:01,190 --> 00:29:05,130
Corticobulbar ุฃู Corticonuclear ูุนูู ุจูุจุฏุฃ ู
ู ูููุ
318
00:29:05,130 --> 00:29:09,810
ู
ู ุงูู cortex ุจูุจุฏุฃ ู
ู ูููุ ู
ู ุงูู cortex ูุจููุชูู It
319
00:29:09,810 --> 00:29:19,370
ends in anterior horn cells of spinal cord ููุฑุชููู
320
00:29:19,370 --> 00:29:22,730
ุณุจุงููุงู ุชุฑุงูุช
321
00:29:25,430 --> 00:29:30,690
ูุฎูุต ูู ุงูู Motor Nuclei of the Cranial Nerves in
322
00:29:30,690 --> 00:29:35,670
the brainstem ุงุณู
ู Corticonuclear ุฃู Corticobulbar
323
00:29:35,670 --> 00:29:40,670
tract ูุจูู Cortico ุฃู ุงูุจุฑุงู
ุฌ ุงูู tract ููุณู
ูู
324
00:29:40,670 --> 00:29:46,120
ุงุณู
ูู Corticospinal tract and Corticonuclear tract
325
00:29:46,120 --> 00:29:51,340
Corticospinal tract ุจููุณู
ู ููุณู
ูู ุญุณุจ ููู ู
ุฑ ุฅูู
326
00:29:51,340 --> 00:29:55,360
Lateral Corticospinal tract ุจูู
ุฑ ูู ุงูู Lateral
327
00:29:55,360 --> 00:29:59,500
column of spinal cord and Ventral ุฃู Anterior
328
00:29:59,500 --> 00:30:04,160
Corticospinal tract ุจูู
ุฑ ูู ุงูู Ventral column of
329
00:30:04,160 --> 00:30:09,040
spinal cord ุฃู
ุง Corticonuclear tract ุฑุงุญ ูู
ุฑ ูููุ
330
00:30:09,760 --> 00:30:16,020
ููุจุฑุงูู stem ู ูููุณู
ููุณู
ูู ูู Lateral and Medial
331
00:30:16,020 --> 00:30:22,620
Corticonuclear tract ุงูุขู ูุชููู
ุนูู ุดูุก ุงุณู
ู Upper
332
00:30:22,620 --> 00:30:28,020
Motoneuron ุณู
ุนุชูุง ููู ุงูู Upper Motoneuron System ุงูู
333
00:30:28,020 --> 00:30:31,700
Upper Motoneuron System ูุฐุง ุฅุญูุง ุจูุชููู
ุนูู
334
00:30:31,700 --> 00:30:34,380
Corticospinal tract ุฃู Corticonuclear tract ูุนูู
335
00:30:34,380 --> 00:30:39,000
ุงูู Corticospinal tract ู Corticonuclear tract ุฅุฐุง
336
00:30:39,000 --> 00:30:42,480
ุญุฏุซ ูููู
ู
ุดููุฉ ุจูุคุฏู ุฅูู Upper Motor Neuron Lesion
337
00:30:42,480 --> 00:30:47,400
ูุนูู Damage of Corticospinal tract or
338
00:30:47,400 --> 00:30:52,940
Corticonuclear tract leads to Upper Motor Neuron
339
00:30:52,940 --> 00:30:56,980
Lesion ูุนูู ูุนุฑููุง ุงูู damage ุฃู ุฃู ุชุบููุฑ ุฃู ุฃู ู
ุฑุถ
340
00:30:56,980 --> 00:31:00,260
ุจูุตูุจ ุงูู Corticospinal tract ุฃู Corticonuclear
341
00:31:00,260 --> 00:31:07,530
tract ูุคุฏู ุฅูู Upper Motor Neuron Lesion ูููู ูู
342
00:31:07,530 --> 00:31:11,030
ููุนุชุจุฑ Supraspinal Lesion ุฃู ุฅุฐุง ุจุชููู
ุนูู ุงูู
343
00:31:11,030 --> 00:31:15,050
Corticonuclear tract Supranuclear Lesion ุฅูุด ุงูู
344
00:31:15,050 --> 00:31:18,030
function ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงูู Upper Motor Neuron ุฅู ูุงู
345
00:31:18,030 --> 00:31:23,070
Corticospinal ุฃู Corticonuclear ุฃูู ูุธููุฉ ุฅู ูู
346
00:31:23,070 --> 00:31:27,170
Initiation and Control of Voluntary Motor Activity
347
00:31:27,170 --> 00:31:36,820
ูู ุญุงู ุฅูู ูู ุญุงู ุฅูู ุญุฏุซ ุนูุฏูุง ุงูู Damage
348
00:31:36,820 --> 00:31:41,540
of Corticospinal tract ุฃู Corticonuclear tract
349
00:31:41,540 --> 00:31:45,760
ุจูุญุฏุซ Paralysis ุจูุญุฏุซ ุฅูุดุ Paralysis ุฃู ุดูู
350
00:31:47,650 --> 00:31:51,590
Inhibition of Muscle Tone Inhibition of Muscle
351
00:31:51,590 --> 00:31:55,030
Tone ูู ูุธููุชู ูุนู
ู Inhibition ููู Muscle Tone ูู
352
00:31:55,030 --> 00:31:58,770
ุญุงู ุญุฏุซ Damage ููู other Motor Neuron ุฑุญ ูููู ุนูุฏูุง
353
00:31:58,770 --> 00:32:03,990
Muscle Hypertonia Muscle Hypertonia ุซูุงุซุฉ ุจูุนู
ู
354
00:32:03,990 --> 00:32:07,710
Inhibition ููู Deep Reflex ุนุดุงู ููู ุฅุญูุง ูู
ุง ููุญุต
355
00:32:07,710 --> 00:32:11,930
Reflex ูู
ุฑูุถ ุจูููู ุงุดุฏ ูุฏู ุฃู ุฃูุฏู
ูุง ููุนุดุฑุฉ ุนุดุงู
356
00:32:11,930 --> 00:32:14,150
ุฃูู
ุงูู cortex ุงูู cortex ูุนู
ู Inhibition ููู Reflex
357
00:32:14,150 --> 00:32:18,630
ูู ุญุงู ุญุฏุซ Upper Motor Neuron Lesion ุฑุงุญ ูุชุญูู
358
00:32:18,630 --> 00:32:22,510
ูู Hyperreflexiaุ Hyperreflexiaุ ูุจูู ูู ูุธููุฉ
359
00:32:22,510 --> 00:32:26,550
ุงูู Upper Motor Neuron Initiation and Control of Voluntary
360
00:32:26,550 --> 00:32:30,210
Motor Activity ูู ูุงุญุฏุ ุงุซูููุ Inhibition of
361
00:32:30,210 --> 00:32:35,430
Muscle Toneุ ุซูุงุซุฉุ Inhibition of Deep Reflexes
362
00:32:36,940 --> 00:32:42,420
ู
ุชููู
ุนูู ุงูู Pathway of the Upper Motor Neurons
363
00:32:42,420 --> 00:32:46,460
ุฃู ุงูู ุจูุฑุงู
ูุฏุงู ุฃู ุงูู Corticospinal tract ุงูุฅุดุงุฑุฉ
364
00:32:46,460 --> 00:32:50,340
ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ู
ู ุจูุช ุงูู cells ู
ู ุงูู Area ุฑูู
ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู
ู ุงูู
365
00:32:50,340 --> 00:32:53,720
Upper Two Third of Precentral Gyrus ููู ูู ุฅู ุงูู
366
00:32:53,720 --> 00:32:57,400
Upper Two Thirdุ ูุฃู ุงูู Corticonuclear tract ู
ุชุฌู
367
00:32:57,400 --> 00:33:02,640
ุฅูู ุงูู face ุฑุญ ูุจุฏุฃ ู
ู ุงูู Lower One Third ุจุนุฏ ูุฏู ุงูู
368
00:33:02,640 --> 00:33:07,850
fibers descent ูู ุดูุก ุงุณู
ู Corona Radiata ุจูู
ุฑ ูู
369
00:33:07,850 --> 00:33:13,190
ุงูู Posterior Limb of Internal Capsule ุจุนุฏ ูุฏู ูู ุงูู
370
00:33:13,190 --> 00:33:19,550
Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongataุ ูู Lower Part
371
00:33:19,550 --> 00:33:25,270
of Medulla Oblongata ุจูุญุฏุซ ุนู
ููุฉ Decussation ุฃู
372
00:33:25,270 --> 00:33:28,390
Crossing ุงูู Corticospinal tract ุงููู ุฌุงู ู
ู
373
00:33:28,390 --> 00:33:32,210
ุงููู
ูู ุจูุชุฌู ูููุณุงุฑ ู ุงููู ุฌุงู ู
ู ุงููุณุงุฑ ุจูุชุฌู
374
00:33:32,210 --> 00:33:35,670
ูููู
ูู ุนูุดุงู ุฃุณุฃูู ูู ุญุฏุซ ุฌูุทุฉ ุฏู
ุงุบูุฉ ูู ุงููู
ูู
375
00:33:35,670 --> 00:33:39,230
ููู ุงูู Hemoglobin ุจุชูููุ ุนูู ุงูู Opposite Side ูู
376
00:33:39,230 --> 00:33:42,330
ุญุฏุซ ุฌูุทุฉ ุฏู
ุงุบูุฉ ูู ุงููุณุงุฑ ููู ุงูู Hemoglobin ุจุชูููุ
377
00:33:42,330 --> 00:33:46,870
ุนูู ุงูู Right Side ูููุฐุง ูุฐู ุจูุณู
ููุง Pyramidal
378
00:33:46,870 --> 00:33:50,390
Decussation ูุญุงูู
379
00:33:51,260 --> 00:34:05,480
ูุฑุณู
ููู
ุฅูุงูู
ููุง ูุฏุฑ ุงูุฅู
ูุงู ูู
ุง
380
00:34:05,480 --> 00:34:09,140
ุจุชููู
ุนู ู
ูุชูุฑ ุฃูุง ุจุชููู
ุนููู ุนูู Descending Tract
381
00:34:09,140 --> 00:34:12,320
ูุจูู ุงูู Tract ุฑุงุญ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ู
ู ููู ู
ู ุงูู cortex ู ุฃูุฒู
382
00:34:12,320 --> 00:34:12,880
ููู
ุตุฏุฑ
383
00:34:31,900 --> 00:34:39,060
ููุง Area Precentral
384
00:34:39,060 --> 00:34:44,400
Gyrus
385
00:34:44,400 --> 00:34:51,640
ุงููู ูู Area ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุนุฏูู ูู ููุง
386
00:34:56,400 --> 00:35:10,060
Internal Capsule ุจุนุฏูู
387
00:35:10,060 --> 00:35:10,660
ููู ุงููู ูู
388
00:35:25,740 --> 00:35:30,240
Midbrain Pons
389
401
00:37:05,330 --> 00:37:11,950
pre-central area ุงููู ูู ู
ู ุงู upper ู ุงู middle
402
00:37:11,950 --> 00:37:20,710
one third ุฑุงุญ ุงู fibers ุชู
ุฑ ูู ุงู posterior limb
403
00:37:20,710 --> 00:37:30,910
of the internal capsule, midbrain, pons, medulla
404
00:37:30,910 --> 00:37:40,650
oblongata ูุฐุง ุงูุด ุงุณู
ูุ ุงุณู
ู cortico spinal
405
00:37:40,650 --> 00:37:52,310
tract ุชู
ุงู
ููุง the internal capsule ูุฐุง left internal
406
00:37:52,310 --> 00:38:04,370
capsule, the internal capsule
407
00:38:04,370 --> 00:38:08,250
internal
408
00:38:08,250 --> 00:38:12,650
capsule
409
00:38:12,650 --> 00:38:20,850
ุงููู ูู lower part of medulla oblongata ูุฐุง ุงููู
410
00:38:20,850 --> 00:38:26,410
ูู corticospinal tract ุจูุนู
ู incomplete decussation
411
00:38:26,410 --> 00:38:30,870
ุฃู crossing ุจูุนู
ู incomplete decussationุ ุงู main
412
00:38:30,870 --> 00:38:33,890
fibers ุฃูุซุฑ ู
ู ุฎู
ุณุฉ ู ุซู
ุงูููุ ุชุณุนูู ูู ุงูู
ุฆุฉ
413
00:38:33,890 --> 00:38:39,610
ุจูุนู
ููุง crossing ุนูู ุงู opposite sideุ ุงูููุฑููุช ู
ูู
414
00:38:39,610 --> 00:38:45,570
ูู ุงู left corticospinal tract ู ุจูุชุฌู ู ุงู right
415
00:38:45,570 --> 00:38:55,090
side ู ุจูููุช ู ูู ูููุ ูู lateral column ูู ุงู
416
00:38:55,090 --> 00:39:03,670
lateral column of spinal cord ูุจุฏุฃ
417
00:39:03,670 --> 00:39:11,170
ููุฒู ู
ุซู ุฎุท ุงูููุฑุจุง ุงูุฑุฆูุณู ููู ุจููุชููุ ุจููุชูู at
418
00:39:11,170 --> 00:39:17,370
the level of
419
00:39:19,260 --> 00:39:29,060
S2ุ sacral two spinal cord ูุนูู
420
00:39:29,060 --> 00:39:33,640
ุจูุชูู ููู ุนูู level sacral twoุ S2 segment of spinal
421
00:39:33,640 --> 00:39:37,900
cordุ ูุฐุง ุจุดุจู ุฎุท ุงูููุฑุจุง ุงูุฑุฆูุณู ุงููุงุฒู ูู ุงูุฏุฑุฌ
422
00:39:37,900 --> 00:39:44,160
ูุงุฒู ููู ู
ุง ูุตู ุทุงุจู ุงูุดุฌุฑุฉ ุจูุนุทููุง ุณูู ุฎุท ูุฐุง
423
00:39:44,160 --> 00:39:52,070
ุงูุด ุงุณู
ู ุงู left ุงููู ุจุชุญูู ุงู right ูู ุงู spinal
424
00:39:52,070 --> 00:39:57,730
cordุ ุงูุด ุจูุตูุฑ ุงุณู
ูุ right cortico
425
00:39:57,730 --> 00:40:09,550
ุฃู ุงุณู
ู ุตุญุ ูู ุงุณู
ู
426
00:40:09,550 --> 00:40:14,450
ุตุญ right lateral
427
00:40:16,840 --> 00:40:21,320
corticospinal tractุ right lateral corticospinal
428
00:40:21,320 --> 00:40:25,860
tractุ ูุฐุง ุงูุฎุท ุงูุฑุฆูุณู ูู ู
ุง ูุตู ุงู anterior horn
429
00:40:25,860 --> 00:40:32,360
cells ุจูุนุทููู
ุงูุดุ fibers ุจูุนุทููู
ุงููุ fibers ุนูู
430
00:40:32,360 --> 00:40:36,340
ูู segment ุนูู ูู segmentุ ูุจูู ูู ุญุฏุซ ุฏู
ุฌ ูู
431
00:40:36,340 --> 00:40:39,960
corticospinal tract ูู ุงู brain ุฃู spinal cord ูุฐุง
432
00:40:39,960 --> 00:40:44,040
ุจูุคุฏู ุฅูู ุงูุดุ upper motoneuron lesionุ upper
433
00:40:44,040 --> 00:40:51,860
motoneuron lesionุ ุงูุฌุฒุก
434
00:40:51,860 --> 00:40:57,560
ุงููู ุจููุ ุงููู ู
ุง ุนู
ูุด crossing ูุฐุง
435
00:40:57,560 --> 00:41:05,640
ุจูุฒู ูู ุงู anterior horn cells ุจูุฒู ูู ุงู anterior
436
00:41:05,640 --> 00:41:11,100
column of spinal cord ู ุจูู
ู ุทุฑููู ููู ุจููุชููุ
437
00:41:19,510 --> 00:41:23,630
ends at lower
438
00:41:23,630 --> 00:41:30,590
thoracic level ูู
439
00:41:30,590 --> 00:41:34,010
ูุงุณ ุจูููููุง ุนูู ุงู middle thoracic levelุ ุงูุซุงููู
440
00:41:34,010 --> 00:41:40,530
ุตุญ middle ุฃู lower thoracic ูุฐุง ุงูุด ุจูุนุทูุ ุจูุนุทู ู
441
00:41:40,530 --> 00:41:48,250
ุงูุดุ ูุงุ ูู ุงูุชูู ููุงุ ุฃูุซุฑ ู
ุง ุฑุงุญ ูุตู ุงู number
442
00:41:51,940 --> 00:42:11,700
ุนุดุงู ุชููู ุตุญ ูููุ
443
00:42:11,700 --> 00:42:14,980
ุจููุชูู end at
444
00:42:21,190 --> 00:42:26,490
the lower thoracic
445
00:42:26,490 --> 00:42:33,110
level ูุฐุง ุงู .. ุงูุด ุจูุณู
ููุ ุจูุณู
ูู ventral
446
00:42:37,550 --> 00:42:42,630
ูุงุถุงูุชู ุงูุด ูุง ุบุฏูุ ูุงุถููุชู ูุบุฏู ุงููู ูู chest
447
00:42:42,630 --> 00:42:46,790
muscle ุฃู thoracic muscle ุฃู respiratory muscle
448
00:42:46,790 --> 00:42:49,570
ูุฐุง ุจูุนุทู ุงู anterior horn cells ุนูู ููุณ ุงูุฌูุฉ
449
00:42:49,570 --> 00:42:52,290
ูุจูุนุทู ุงู anterior horn cells ุนูู ุงูุฌูุฉ ุงูุซุงููุฉ
450
00:42:52,290 --> 00:42:56,990
ูุนูู ุจูุนุทู ุงู both anterior horn cells for
451
00:42:56,990 --> 00:43:03,820
respiratory muscleุ ุทูุจ ูุฐุง ูุนุชุจุฑ ุงูุดุ corticospinal
452
00:43:03,820 --> 00:43:09,240
tractุ ููุง ู
ุฑุณูู
ูู ูู slide ูุงุถุญ ููุง ุนูุฏู ูููู ููุง
453
00:43:09,240 --> 00:43:14,400
ุนูุฏู pyramidal decussationุ ูุงุฏ ุงู pyramids ุจุชุญูู ู
454
00:43:14,400 --> 00:43:18,040
decussation ูุนูู ูู ุงูู
ุฑูุถ ุญุฏุซ ู
ุน ุฌูุทุฉ ุฏู
ุงุบูุฉ ูู
455
00:43:18,040 --> 00:43:20,580
ุงู left cerebral hemisphere ููู ุงู hemiplegia
456
00:43:20,580 --> 00:43:23,800
ูุชููู ุนูู ุงู rightุ ุทูุจ ูู ุฌููุง ูู ุงู spinal cord
457
00:43:23,800 --> 00:43:28,300
ูุฃุฎูุต ุงู crossing ุตุงุฑ ุฏู
ุฌ ูู ุงู spinal cordุ ุนูู
458
00:43:28,300 --> 00:43:31,500
ููุณ ุงูุฌูุฉ ุจุฏู ูููู ููู motorุ ุนูู ููุณ ุงูุฌูุฉ ูุฃู ุงู
459
00:43:31,500 --> 00:43:34,840
crossing ุฎูุต ููู ุจุชุชู
ุงู crossingุ ุจุชุชู
ุงู
460
00:43:34,840 --> 00:43:41,440
crossing ูููุ ุนูู ุงู lower part
461
00:43:41,440 --> 00:43:50,030
of medulla oblongataุ ุจุงููุณุจุฉ ููู
ุฏุงูุฉ ุงูุฃุณูู 80% ู
462
00:43:50,030 --> 00:43:57,710
85% ู
ู ุงูููุจูุฑุฒ ูููู
ูู ุจู crossings ู ูุฑูุญูุง ุนูู
463
00:43:57,710 --> 00:44:02,660
ุงู opposite side ูู ุงู lateral columnุ ูุงูุฌุฒุก ุงููู
464
00:44:02,660 --> 00:44:05,840
ุจูุธููุง .. ุจูุณู
ููู
ุงูุดุ indirectุ ููุด ุจูุณู
ููู
465
00:44:05,840 --> 00:44:09,200
indirectุ ูุฃููู
ู
ุง ุนู
ููุง crossing ูุงุชุฌููุง ุนูู ุงู
466
00:44:09,200 --> 00:44:13,500
opposite side ุจูุณู
ููู
crossed corticospinal tract
467
00:44:13,500 --> 00:44:18,300
ูุจูููู
ูุฎูุตูุง ูู fibers ุฃู ูู ู
ุง ููุณู ุงู segment
468
00:44:18,300 --> 00:44:22,780
ุจูุทูุนูุง fibers ูู
ููุ ูู anterior horn cellsุ ูู ู
ุง
469
00:44:22,780 --> 00:44:25,800
ููุณู ุงู segment ุจูุทูุนูุง fibers ูู anterior horn
470
00:44:25,800 --> 00:44:30,620
cellsุ ุทูุจ ุงู 15 ู 20% ู
ู ุงู fibers ุงููู ุถุงููู
ูุฏุฑ
471
00:44:31,510 --> 00:44:36,350
ูู
ุง ุนู
ููุด crossing ุจูุณู
ููู
direct anterior ุฃู
472
00:44:36,350 --> 00:44:40,430
ventral corticospinal tractุ ุจูุนุทููุง fibers ูู
473
00:44:40,430 --> 00:44:44,430
anterior horn cells ุนูู ููุณ ุงู segment ุจุณ ููููุ ูู
474
00:44:44,430 --> 00:44:49,790
both cerebral hemisphere ููู ุจููุชููุงุ ุจููุชููุง ูู
475
00:44:49,790 --> 00:44:53,450
ุงู mid thoracicุ ู
ู
ูู ูู ู
ุฑุงุฌุน ูููููุง ูููููุง ูู ุงู
476
00:44:53,450 --> 00:44:56,290
lower thoracicุ ุงุนุชุจุฑูู
mid thoracic ุนุดุงู ู
ุง
477
00:44:56,290 --> 00:44:59,490
ุชุชุฎุฑุจุทูุดุ ูุนุชู
ุฏูู
mid thoracicุ ูู ู
ุฑุงุฌุน ูููููุง
478
00:44:59,490 --> 00:45:06,100
lower thoracic made thoracicุ ูุนุชู
ุฏูู
ูููู level
479
00:45:06,100 --> 00:45:11,540
ุงูุขู ุฃูุง ุจูุชูุฑ ุงูุฌุฒุก ุงูุฃูู ู
ู ุงูู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉุ ุงูุฌุฒุก
480
00:45:11,540 --> 00:45:17,800
ุงูุซุงูู ุฑุงุญ ุฃูู
ูู ูู ุฌุฒุก ุงุซููู ูู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงูุฃุณุจูุน
481
00:45:17,800 --> 00:45:19,500
ุงูุซุงูุซุ ุนุดุงู ูุนุทููู
ุงูุนุงููุฉ
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