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Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Today inshallah I'm
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going to continue with causative verbs. Last time
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we spoke about the meaning of causatives, the
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definition of causatives, types of causatives in
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English, and we've seen that in English we have
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active causatives and passive causatives. In case
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of active, the subject and the agent are available
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in the sentence. In case of passive, the agent is
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absent and it is replaced by the object, okay? We
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have causative verbs which accept only bare
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infinitive; however, we have causative verbs which
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accept to infinitive, okay? The verbs which accept
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bare infinitive are yes, have, let, and make, and the
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verb which accept -- I mean the causative verb which
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accept both, get. Okay, still the rest of causatives
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accept to infinitive, okay? يعني infinitive with to
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Okay, now
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this construction -- I mean the causative verbs -- is
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either with bare infinitive or with to infinitive.
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It appears in active, appears in passive. It means
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that the causer does something to the cozy. Okay? It
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means the subject or the agent is responsible for
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causing an action done on the object itself. If
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you look to Arabic, do you have the same
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constructions? Do we have causative verbs in
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Arabic? Don't we have causative verbs? We have
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causative verbs. We have causative verbs in
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Arabic, but these causative verbs syntactically
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differ from English, and the function of the
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causative verb in Arabic differs from English.
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We've seen, or we dealt with, the infinitive and
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bare infinitive in English. However, in Arabic, we
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don't have this equivalence. We have the verb
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itself, has some sort of inflections added to it,
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so it becomes causative verb. The first
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inflection is allowed. Yes, this is by changing
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the inflection itself, the nominative, the
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genitive, and the accusative case. هزق هزق Okay. So
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we change the genitive case into accusative case,
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having the causative there. We still have what is
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called gemination. Okay. Hadama, haddama. Alima,
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allama. Okay. You add another sound, having what
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was called the consonant doubling. This is called
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gemination. Okay. Shut down. Okay, now still, we have
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another way -- the third way. This is Hamza. Okay, you
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have the Hamza, the glottal sound a. Okay, when I say
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for example, Farrah, Farraha, Afraha. Okay, Alima, Alama.
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But not all verbs have these three ways, okay? Don't
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have all these verbs accept the three ways, all
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together for making the verb causative, okay? We
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have some verbs accept all-determination, some
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other verbs accept about another category of verbs
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accept the glottal sound or the glottal sound a or
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hamza at the beginning of the verb, okay? But
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functionally
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or say, syntactically, the two verbs -- I mean English
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and Arabic causatives -- differ completely from each
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other, okay? So this does not cause what is called
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negative interference once learning causatives.
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All causative errors or mistakes done by the Arab
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learners of English result from the difficulty of
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English, that result to what is called intralingual
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errors. Intralingual errors, okay? That's it for
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causatives. And now we need to discuss the point
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generally, and also need to speak about the best
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activities or games for teaching causatives to our
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students. That's it.
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