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ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ู€ 26 ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ู€ 26 ุชุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†
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ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุงุช ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ
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ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ
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ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ
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ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ
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ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ
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ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ
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ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ
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ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠ
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ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ุชุธู‡ุฑ
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ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ู‚ูู„ ุฃูˆ ู…ู‚ูู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุจุทุŒ
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ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุจุท ุญุงุฌุชูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุง ุงุจู†ุง ู†ุฑุจุทู‡ ุจุงู„ุญู…ุŒ ูŠุง
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ุงุจู†ุง ู†ุฑุจุทู‡ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู†ุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุจุนุถุŒ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
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plugged inุŒ ูŠุง ุงู…ุง ููŠ ุจุฑุบูŠุŒ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุช ุดุบู„ุงุช ุฃูˆ
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ู…ุตู…ุงุฑุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุงุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ fastenersor
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fixing a bolt with a nut ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุณู…ูˆู†ุง
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ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ bolt bolts have threads grooves on the
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outside of the bolt shaft or shank ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ุฅูŠุด
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ุฅู„ู‡ุŸ ููŠ ุญูˆุงู ู…ุณู†ูˆู†ุฉุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุงู„ุญูˆุงู ุงู„ู…ุณู†ูˆู†ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ threads ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุญุงูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณู†ูˆู†ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„
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grooves ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุงุฑุฒ ูˆ ุญุงุฌุฉู†ุงุฒู„ุฉ ุชุนุฑู
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ุงู„ุญูุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุญูุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุฏุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุจุงุฑุฒุฉ
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ูˆููŠ ุฌู†ุจู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุนุดุงู† ุชุจูŠู† ู‡ุงูŠ ููŠ ุฌู†ุจู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ู…ู†ุฎูุถ
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ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุดูƒู„
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ุงู„ูุฑุบูŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุชุจุนู‡ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุง ุงู„ุขู†
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุณู† ุฅุฐุง ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุงุณ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…ู‡ู†ุง
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ู…ุณู†ู†ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญูˆุงู .. ู‡ุฐูˆู„
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ุงู„ุญูˆุงู ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง treads ูˆ ุงู„ .. ูˆ ุงู„ grooves ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
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ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู… .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู† ุงู„ู…ูุฑู‚ุฉุŒ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุงุช ..
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ุงูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุฑู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ shaft ุฃูˆ ุงู„ shank ู‡ุฐู‡
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ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ head ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุน ู‡ูŠ
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ุงู„ shaftwhich runs around the shaft in a helical
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patternุŒ helical pattern ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ helical
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ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ ุดูˆููˆุง ุญูุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงู† ูƒูŠู ุดูƒู„ู‡ุงุŒ ู…ุด ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉุŒ
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ู…ุงุฆู„ุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง helicalุŒ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุญู„ุฒูˆู†ูŠ
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The threaded shaft allows a nut which has the
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threads inside it to be screwed into the bolts
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.ุงู„ุฃู† ุฏู‡ ุจุชุณู…ูˆู†ู‡ ุฅูŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ู…ูุฑู‚ุฉ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุตุจูˆุท
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ููŠ ุญูˆุงู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ูุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุญุทู‡ุง ูˆ ู†ู„ูู‡ุง
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ุจุชุฑูƒุจ ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูƒBy turning
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motion, the thread inside to be screwed onto the
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bolt by turning a turning motion ู„ู…ุง ู†ู„ูู‡ุง ูˆ
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ู†ุญุฑูƒู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุฏุงุฆุฑูŠุŒ ุงู„ู†ุงุชุณ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
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ู†ูˆุนูŠู†ุŒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง left hand threadูˆ right hand
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thread ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูุฉ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡
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ุนู‚ุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุงูˆ ุนูƒุณ ุนู‚ุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ right hand ู‡ุฐู‡
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screwed by turning them clockwise ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุนู‚ุงุฑุจ
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ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ุงูŠุด clockwise ุงูˆ right hand
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threadand unscrewed by turning them anticlockwise
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ุงู„ู€ anticlockwise ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุงู„
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counter clockwise
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ู‡ูŠ Anti-clockwise ูˆAnti ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุง ุถุฏ ุฏู‡ ุงู†ุง ุจุฑูˆุญ ููŠ
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ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู‚ุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุงูŠุด ุถุฏู‡ุง ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
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counter clockwise ุงูˆ Anti-clockwise ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ Anti ..
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ู„ู…ุง ู†ุญุฒู‚ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุงูŠุด Titan ุจู†ุนู…ู„ Clockwise ุจู†ุนู…ู„
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Loosing ุฏู‡ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุงูŠุดanti ุฃูˆ counter clockwise
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however in some situation left hand threads are
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used ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจูŠุฉ ุงูŠุดุŸ right handุŒ ุจุณ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ
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ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† left hand ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑุบุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ
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ุงู„ thread ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ shaft ู‡ุฐู‡ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ head ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ nuts ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง Spanner ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ููƒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง hex key ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง allen key ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุนูุฑูŠุชุงุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ู„ู…ุง
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ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุฎุฒูˆู‚ุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุนูŠู† ุจุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ููŠู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐุง
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00:05:30,210 --> 00:05:36,370
ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ hex key ุงูˆ allen key ุจุชุจู‚ู‰
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00:05:36,370 --> 00:05:41,610
ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ู…ูุฑู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ู…ุนูŠู† ูƒู„ูƒู… ุดูุชูˆู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุฏูˆุฉ
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00:05:48,480 --> 00:05:52,080
ููŠู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุชูุฑูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู…
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00:05:52,080 --> 00:05:55,880
ุจุชูƒู„ู…ูˆุง ุนู†ู‡ ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู„ู„ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุชู…ุงู†ูŠ
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hexagonal ูˆ ุงู„ุชูุฑูŠุบุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง
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most bull bolts have heads with hexagonal
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perimeter hexagonal heads or hex heads ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„
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ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ู‡ู†ุง ุชู…ุงู†ูŠthese allow a spanner to
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00:06:17,030 --> 00:06:21,030
turn them ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุฒู‚ู‡ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…
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00:06:21,030 --> 00:06:26,030
ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ heads can also have a hexagonal
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hole in their top ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูุฑู‚ ููŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุซู‚ุจ ุนู„ู‰
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ุดูƒู„ ุดูƒู„ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠcalled socket head ุงู„ุตุงูƒุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด
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ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู…ูุฑู‚ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุตุงูƒุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง this allows a
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hex key or allen key to fit into them ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง
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ู†ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ููŠู‡ุง ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ู„ูู‡ ุจุฏูˆู†ู‡ ู†ู‚ุฏุฑุด ู†ุดุชุบู„ ู‡ุฐุง
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ุทุจุนุง ุฃุตุนุจ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุฒูŠ
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ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠุช ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุนุฏุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„a
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nut is screwed into a bolt, a bolt can be screwed
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into the threaded hole ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏุง ุงู„ nuts ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅูŠุด
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ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ screwed into the bolt ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู† .. ุจู† ..
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ุจู† ู„ุฒุฌู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุจู†ู„ูู‡ุงุจุงู„ .. ุจุงู„ .. ุจุงู„ุจุฑุบุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู† ..
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ุจู†ุณูˆูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑุบุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ board can be screwed into
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00:07:31,640 --> 00:07:36,580
the threaded hole ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุซู‚ุจ ูˆ ุงู„ุซู‚ุจ
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00:07:36,580 --> 00:07:41,380
ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูุฑุฌ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ุด ุฏุงูŠู…ุง
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00:07:41,380 --> 00:07:44,560
ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุณู…ูˆู†ู‡ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุฏู‚ู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุซู‚ุจ ูˆ
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ุงู„ุซู‚ุจ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู…ูˆู„ู‡ ู…ูุฑุฌ ูƒุฏู‡ ู„ู„ุจุฑุบุฉ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ููŠู‡ ูู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
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ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
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ุงู„ุขู† ุงุถุงูุฉ ุชุญุฒูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
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00:07:58,510 --> 00:07:59,390
ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
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ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
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00:08:00,990 --> 00:08:03,090
ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
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ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
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ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
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00:08:03,190 --> 00:08:05,590
ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
100
00:08:05,590 --> 00:08:05,630
ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
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ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
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00:08:10,510 --> 00:08:20,550
ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉุฃูˆ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุด
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turning force ุงู†ุง ููŠู‡ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงูˆ ุนุฒู… ุจ .. ุจ .. ุจุนู…ู„ู‡
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ู„ุฃุญุฒู‚ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ as a bolt is tightening, the tension
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stretching force in its shaft increases ุงุฐุง
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00:08:34,350 --> 00:08:37,710
ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุฃุญุฒู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ุญุชู‰ ุฏู‡ ุจุชุญุณูˆู‡
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00:08:37,710 --> 00:08:42,600
ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจุณุฎู†ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุงุญุธ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุบู„ุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุณุฎูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู†
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00:08:42,600 --> 00:08:46,780
ุฃูŠุดุŸ ู…ู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุฒู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ
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ุถุบุท ุงู„ tension ุงู„ tension ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูˆู„ุฏ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ in
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its shaft increases and the components being
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00:08:56,140 --> 00:08:59,160
bolted together are pressed tightly together ุงูŠุด
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00:08:59,160 --> 00:09:06,320
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ู…ุŸ ู‡ู… ุจู†ุญุฒู‚ู‡ ุงูˆ ุจู†ุถุบุทู‡ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌุงู…ุฏ ู…ุน
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ุจุนุถ tightly ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุฒุงุฌุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุญุฒุฌูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ this
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00:09:13,340 --> 00:09:18,040
pressing force is called preload or clamp load ู‡ุฐู‡
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00:09:18,040 --> 00:09:24,240
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ preload ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุถุบุทุฉ ุงูˆ
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ุงู„ clamp ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ clamp ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุญุท
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ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง clampูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุฑุจุทู‡ู… ููŠ ุจุนุถ
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00:09:34,720 --> 00:09:41,760
ุฃูˆ ุถุบุทู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ูู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง clamp load also if
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00:09:41,760 --> 00:09:46,260
enough preload is applied friction between the
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00:09:46,260 --> 00:09:50,340
components will prevent them sliding in different
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directions ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุญุทูŠุช ู‚ูˆุฉ ูƒุงููŠุฉ ููŠู‡ู… ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง
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00:09:55,600 --> 00:10:00,180
ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠุธู„ูˆุง ู…ู„ุฒู‚ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู…ุงููŠุด
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ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠthis is an advantage as sliding
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00:10:05,410 --> 00:10:11,330
object decides of bolts to shear force the
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00:10:11,330 --> 00:10:14,730
scissoring force which can cause them to break in
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00:10:14,730 --> 00:10:20,510
steel structure to break ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุญุทูŠุช ู‚ูˆุฉ
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00:10:20,510 --> 00:10:25,910
ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู† ู„ุงุฒู… ุงูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธ ุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ
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00:10:25,910 --> 00:10:32,020
ุจูŠู†ูƒุณุฑุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจู†ูƒุณุฑุŒ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† .. ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
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00:10:32,020 --> 00:10:36,840
ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ู‡ุชู†ูƒุณุฑุŒ ูŠุง ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ูŠุง ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ ูˆ ู‡ุงุฏ ุจุชุญุตู„
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00:10:36,840 --> 00:10:41,560
ู…ุนู†ู‰ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุญุงู„ูƒ ุจุชุญุณูƒูŠ .. ุจุชุญุณูƒูŠ ูุฌุฃุฉ ูˆ
131
00:10:41,560 --> 00:10:43,340
ุจุชูุฑุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุญุณูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ุง
132
00:10:46,250 --> 00:10:49,930
ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุงุช ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู‚ูˆุฉ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ
133
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ู„ุฅู†ู‚ุงุฐ ุงู„ุณู„ุงุฌุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุตู†ุงุนุงุช ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
134
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ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
135
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ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
136
00:10:59,230 --> 00:11:02,950
ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
137
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ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
138
00:11:06,150 --> 00:11:06,210
ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
139
00:11:06,210 --> 00:11:06,870
ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
140
00:11:06,870 --> 00:11:07,290
ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
141
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ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
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ุถุบุท ุนุงู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุช ุจุฏูŠ .. ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ structure ุงู†ุง ุงูŠุด
143
00:11:15,690 --> 00:11:20,470
ุจุฏูŠุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุฒู‚ ุฌุงู…ุฏ ูุจุฏูŠุด ุงูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนู„ู‰
144
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ุนุฌู„ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุญุฏุง ููŠูƒู… ุดุงู ูƒูŠู ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุญุฒูˆู‚ุŸ ูุนุฌู„
145
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ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ .. ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุฑุฎูˆ ู…ุด ู…ุญุฒูˆู‚ ุฌุงู…ุฏ ุงูŠุด
146
00:11:33,390 --> 00:11:38,650
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ุจูŠูู„ุท ูˆุงู†ุช ุชุตูˆุฑ ูˆุงู†ุช ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ูŠูู„ุท
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ุทูŠุจ the amount of torque applied to bolts can be
148
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adjusted using torque wrench ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠุฉ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
149
00:11:52,530 --> 00:11:57,370
ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃูŠ ู…ูุชุงุญ ุจู†ุญุฐู‚ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุบูŠ ุดูƒู„ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏ
150
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ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุงู† ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ wrench ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„
151
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wrench ู‡ุงู† ุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ูุฑู†ุณูŠ
152
00:12:05,350 --> 00:12:09,950
ุงูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุดูƒู„ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒู‡ ูˆุจุชุถู„ ู†ุนุฏู„ ููŠู‡ ูู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ
153
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.. ุงูŠูˆุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ F ู…ุด ุงู„ F ู„ุฃ ุงู„ F ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„
154
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English ุงู„ F ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒู‡ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุฒูƒ ุงู„ูุฑู†ุณูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
155
00:12:20,770 --> 00:12:26,050
ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุดุŸูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูู‰ ุงู„ู†ุต ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‰
156
00:12:26,050 --> 00:12:30,410
ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุด ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ูุฑู†ุณู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ู‰
157
00:12:30,410 --> 00:12:33,610
ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ wrench ูุงู„ wrench ู‡ุฐุง ุงุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡
158
00:12:33,610 --> 00:12:39,230
ุจุชุญุฒู‚ู‡ ูˆ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุญุณ ูƒุฏู‡ ู…ุง ุญุฒู‚ู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุฅุฐุง ุญุฏุง ููŠูƒ
159
00:12:39,230 --> 00:12:45,170
ูŠุฌุฑุจ ูุงู„ุจู†ุงุช ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุฌุฑุจ ู…ู† ููŠู‡ ุฃุตู„ุง
160
00:12:45,170 --> 00:12:49,690
ุฒุฑุฏูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฒุฑุฏูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูุชุงุญ ุชุงู†ู‰ ู„ูˆู†
161
00:12:49,690 --> 00:12:55,630
ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุญุชู‰ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ silver ุงูŠูˆุฉูู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„
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ู…ู†ู‡ a tool which can tighten and loosen bolts ู‡ุฐู‡
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00:13:00,390 --> 00:13:04,030
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุฃู† ุงู†ุช ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุนุฏู„
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00:13:04,030 --> 00:13:09,690
ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุชู†ุงุณุจ ู…ุน ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุชุจุน ุงู„ bolts
165
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ุงู„ head of the bolts which indicates how much
166
00:13:12,850 --> 00:13:16,210
torque is applied this help to ensure that bolts
167
00:13:16,210 --> 00:13:21,580
are tightened enough but notover-tightened torque
168
00:13:21,580 --> 00:13:26,180
wrenches ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุถู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡
169
00:13:26,180 --> 00:13:31,500
ุงู„ุจุฑุบุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู†ุญุฒุช ูƒุงููŠ ู„ุฅู† ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุญุณูŠ ุจุณ ู…ุด ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
170
00:13:31,500 --> 00:13:37,220
ู„ุฅู† ุฃู†ุช ุฃุฎุฑ ู„ุญุธุงุชูƒ ุจุชุญุณูŠ ุฃู† ุฃู†ุช ูˆุตู„ุชูŠ ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ .. ู„
171
00:13:37,220 --> 00:13:42,520
.. ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ ู„ุฅู† ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุชู‚ูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏุง
172
00:13:42,520 --> 00:13:45,280
ุฌูˆูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุจุฏูƒ force ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู… ุจุชุนุฑู ุฃู†ูƒ
173
00:13:45,280 --> 00:13:46,880
ูˆุตู„ุชูŠ ู„ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
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Torque wrenches are also useful for checking that
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00:13:53,510 --> 00:13:58,090
both joints do not work loose ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ู„ู…ุง
176
00:13:58,090 --> 00:14:02,450
ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ู„ูˆ ุชูŠุฌูŠ
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00:14:02,450 --> 00:14:06,250
ู…ุณูƒุชู‡ุง ุจุชุนุฑู ุฅูŠุด ุจุณ ู„ูˆ ุชุญุท ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุง ุชุญุทูŠู‡ ุชูŠุฌูŠ
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00:14:06,250 --> 00:14:12,330
ุชุญุฐู‚ู‡ ุจุชุนุฑู ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฑุฎูŠุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุฅูŠุด ู…ุญุฐูˆู‚ุฉ work loose
179
00:14:12,330 --> 00:14:18,290
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุฑุฎูŠุฉ that isthey do not become loose
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00:14:18,290 --> 00:14:21,810
over time ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฑุฎุงูˆุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงูŠุด
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00:14:21,810 --> 00:14:26,490
ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุฑุฎูˆุฉ ุงุชุฑุฎุฑุฎุช ุงูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ
182
00:14:26,490 --> 00:14:31,630
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู…ุฑุจูˆุท ุจุจุฑุงุบูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงุทู„ุนุชู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุน
183
00:14:31,630 --> 00:14:37,050
ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงุชุฑุฎุฑุฎ ูˆ ุจูŠููƒ ู„ุฃู† ุงูŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ
184
00:14:37,050 --> 00:14:41,050
ูŠู…ูƒู† ุจุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ุงุชุฑุฎุฑุฎ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจู†ูƒุณุฑ
185
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ุจุชูƒุณุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ุนุฌุงู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงุตู„ุง
186
00:14:47,220 --> 00:14:51,300
ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ washers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุณูˆุฑุฉ
187
00:14:51,300 --> 00:14:55,720
ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฏุจู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุทูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
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00:14:55,720 --> 00:14:59,360
ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุฏู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุนุฒู„ ุจูŠู†ู‡ ูˆุจูŠู†
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ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุฑูƒุจู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃูˆ ุจู†ู„ุญุฒู‚ washers are metal
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discs which fit between the head of the balls or a
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nut and the components being bolted together ุฏู‡
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุทู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูŠุด ู‡ุงุฏู‰ุŸ ุทูŠุจordinary washers
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called flat washers or plain washers flat washers
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or plain washers ู‡ุฏูˆู„ู‡ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ typical ุงู„
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typical ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ flat ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฏุงุฆุฑูŠ ุจู‡ุฐุง
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ุงู„ุดูƒู„I have a larger outside diameter than the
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bolt head or the nut ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุณุงุญุชู‡ู… ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
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ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑุบุฉ ูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุฌุงู„
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ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุบุฉ ูƒุงู† ุญุฌู…ู‡ ุตุบูŠุฑ ุจุชุญุทูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุตุจุท ู…ุนุงูƒ ููŠู‡ุง
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Wider area is intended to spread the load or
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distribute the pressure over the surface of the
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component as the bolt is tightened ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„
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reason ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณูˆูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฏุบุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชูˆุฒุน ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„
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ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ spread the pressure ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
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ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ูˆุงุถุญุงู†ุฉ ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ุด ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ
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ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ููŠ ูˆุณุน ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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ู…ุงุจุฌูŠุด ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุจุงู„ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฃุญุฒู‚ ุฃุญุฒู‚ ุฃุญุฒู‚
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ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุตูŠุฑุŸ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจุชุชุทุจู‚ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุจุชุจุนู‡ุง
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ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ helical spring washer ู‡ุฐุง
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ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุชุจุนู‡ู… ุจุชุณู…ูŠู‡ spring washer ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง plain
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ุฃูˆ flat washer ู‡ุฐู‡ helical spring washer ู‡ูŠ ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ
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ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุณู…ูŠูƒุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู…ุด
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ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงูŠุด conical spring washer ุงู„ุงู†
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ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุงุฌูŠ ุงุถุบุท ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุง compressed
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ุชู†ุถุบุท ูู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ springwashers are
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designed to be compressed ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
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ูŠู†ุถุบุทูˆุงto allow the amount of preload to be
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adjusted as the bolts is tightened ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง
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adjusting ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ุชุนุฏูŠู„ ุชุชุนุฏู„ ุญุณุจ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ
221
00:17:41,270 --> 00:17:47,530
ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠูƒูŠ ุฃุญุฒู‚ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุดูŠ ู…ุฑุจูˆุท ุฃูŠ ุฃูŠ ู‚ุทุนุชูŠู†
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mechanical ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุฎุดุจ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠ
223
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ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠูƒุฃู‡ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุญุชู‰ ุฅู†ุช ู„ู…ุง
224
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ุชุฑูˆุญ ุชุดุชุฑูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุบูŠ ูุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุช ููŠ ุดุบู„ุงุช
225
00:18:03,920 --> 00:18:07,360
ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ุชุฑูˆุญูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญู„ ุจุฑุงุบูŠ ูˆ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุดุชุฑูŠ
226
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ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ูƒูˆุงู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุช ูˆุงุดูŠุฑูˆุด
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ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุนุฑู ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ูŠุง ุฃุณูˆุฑุฉ ูŠุง ุฏุจู„ุฉ ูŠุง ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู
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ุฅูŠุด in some situationsููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ spring
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washers ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู† ู„ุชุณู…ุญ ู„ุณุฌู† ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุง ู„ูƒูŠ ูŠุชู„ุงุนุจ
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ุงู„ุดูƒุณ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุดูƒุณ ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุทุงุจ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุดูƒ ูุงุญูŠุงู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ุงู„ washer ุงู„ spring washer ุจุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ ูŠุชุญู…ู„ ู‡ุฐุง
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ุงู„ุดูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุฑูˆู†ุฉ ุงู† ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุฎููŠูุฉ
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common types of spring washer are helical spring
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washer and conical spring washer ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง
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ุนู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุงู†
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ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงุฐุง ุจุชุชุทู„ุน
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00:19:10,890 --> 00:19:16,090
ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ fasteners ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
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ุฑูˆุงุจุท ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ bolts ูˆ ุงู„ knots ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰
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ุงู„ุงู„ spanner ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠุด
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ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ hex ุงูˆ ุงู„ allen key ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
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ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ threads ุงู†ุช ุจุชุชุฐูƒุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุดุงูุช ู…ุธุจูˆุท
243
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ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุดุงูุช ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุน ุงู„ head ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง
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ูƒู„ุงุฌ
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ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุงhexagonal ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ูˆุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡
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ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู‡ุงูŠ
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ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ head ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† hole ุงู„ hole ุดูƒู„ู‡
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hexagonal ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ forces ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง
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ุนู„ู‰ shear forceุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ tension ุฏู‡ ุจุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง
250
00:20:23,210 --> 00:20:28,630
ูˆ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ scissor torque ุงูˆ scissor force
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ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ washers ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู†ูˆุนูŠู†
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ู…ู† ุงู„ washers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ plain ุงูˆ ุงู„ flat ูˆ ุงู„
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spring ูˆ ุงู„ spring ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง ู†ูˆุนูŠู† helical ูˆ ุงูŠุดุŸ
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ุงูŠูˆุฉุงู„ุงู† ู†ุฌูŠ ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ranches ุงู„ ranches ู‡ุฏูˆู„
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are well-known example of fasteners ุตุญุŸ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
256
00:20:54,790 --> 00:20:59,490
.. ุงู„ ranches ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ ู…ุด fastener ู‡ูŠ tool for a
257
00:20:59,490 --> 00:21:05,010
fastener ุงูŠุด ุงู„ fastenerุŸ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ bolts ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ
258
00:21:05,010 --> 00:21:10,110
ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ู‡ูˆ fastener ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ranches ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ ..
259
00:21:10,110 --> 00:21:15,320
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญุฒูƒ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠุงู„ุฑู†ุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
260
00:21:15,320 --> 00:21:21,760
ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ู…ุธุจูˆุท in
261
00:21:21,760 --> 00:21:25,760
most cases nuts are screwed into balls by turning
262
00:21:25,760 --> 00:21:30,980
them anticlockwise Clockwise ุงู„ majority ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงูŠุด
263
00:21:30,980 --> 00:21:37,830
Clockwise ุงู„ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ majority clockwiseุงู„ู€
264
00:21:37,830 --> 00:21:40,550
exception ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ counter-clockwise ุฃูˆ anti
265
00:21:40,550 --> 00:21:45,330
-clockwise the threaded part of a bolt is the head
266
00:21:45,330 --> 00:21:51,530
ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ threaded partุŸ ุงู„ shaft ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดุงู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุน
267
00:21:51,530 --> 00:21:57,890
ุชุจุนู‡ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ threads are cut to form hexagonal
268
00:21:57,890 --> 00:22:04,980
pattern helical pattern ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุญู„ุฏูˆู†ูŠู…ุธุจูˆุท
269
00:22:04,980 --> 00:22:09,180
Allen keys are designed to fit around the head of
270
00:22:09,180 --> 00:22:14,260
the bolts ุงูŠุด ุงู„ AllenุŸ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
271
00:22:14,260 --> 00:22:19,240
ุจู†ุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงูŠุด ู…ูุฑู‚ุฉ ูุจู†ุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง
272
00:22:19,240 --> 00:22:19,660
ููŠู‡ุง
273
00:22:26,590 --> 00:22:31,110
ุงู„ุงู† we got to use the words in the box to fill in
274
00:22:31,110 --> 00:22:34,410
the blank in a structural application ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
275
00:22:34,410 --> 00:22:41,590
ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ุงุช ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก it is essential to .. ุฅูŠุดุŸ
276
00:22:41,590 --> 00:22:46,750
ุงู„ bolts .. tighten the bolts ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุญุฒู‚
277
00:22:46,750 --> 00:22:53,410
ุงู„ุจุฑุงุบูŠit is essential to tighten the bolts ู„ุงุฒู…
278
00:22:53,410 --> 00:22:59,010
ู†ุญุฒู‚ .. ุถุฑูˆุฑ ู†ุญุฒู‚ the bolts correctly okay firstly
279
00:22:59,010 --> 00:23:03,550
to make sure that joints are held together with
280
00:23:03,550 --> 00:23:09,950
the right amount of .. ุงูŠุด ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุทู‡ุงุŸ ุงูŠูˆุฉ
281
00:23:09,950 --> 00:23:15,110
preload ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงุญู†ุง ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ุงูŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŸ tighten ูˆ
282
00:23:15,110 --> 00:23:20,880
preload ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุงover time however that does not
283
00:23:20,880 --> 00:23:25,920
end secondly to help ensure that the balls do not
284
00:23:25,920 --> 00:23:33,400
work loose over time ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุด ู‡ุงูŠุด ูŠุชุฑุฎุฎูˆุง
285
00:23:33,400 --> 00:23:41,640
work loose ุทูŠุจ however that does not mean to say
286
00:23:41,640 --> 00:23:46,470
the tighter the barrelุทูŠุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ุด ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ
287
00:23:46,470 --> 00:23:51,370
ูƒุงู† ู…ุญุฒูˆุฌ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญุฒูˆุฌ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฃูุถู„ if excessive
288
00:23:51,370 --> 00:23:57,730
force is used to overtighten ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช ู‚ูˆุฉ
289
00:23:57,730 --> 00:24:06,410
ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู„ุงุฒู… ู„ุฃุญุฒู‚ ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ overtighten ููŠ
290
00:24:06,410 --> 00:24:11,050
ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ุง excessive ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
291
00:24:11,050 --> 00:24:12,870
ุทูŠุจ
292
00:24:16,040 --> 00:24:19,820
the bolt will no longer be strong enough to
293
00:24:19,820 --> 00:24:23,320
transmit the extra load to the joint ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
294
00:24:23,320 --> 00:24:31,020
transmitุŸ transmit transmission
295
00:24:31,020 --> 00:24:38,000
ุงูˆ transmission ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ ูŠุฑุณู„ transmission ุงู†ู‡ ูŠู†ู‚ู„
296
00:24:39,480 --> 00:24:44,840
transmit the extra load ูŠู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„
297
00:24:44,840 --> 00:24:48,760
joint ุงู„ joint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ ..
298
00:24:48,760 --> 00:24:54,120
ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท ู„ู„ุฑุงุจุท at this point various problem
299
00:24:54,120 --> 00:25:00,620
can occur the shank may begin to twist as it is
300
00:25:00,620 --> 00:25:05,640
subject to additional ุงูŠุดุŸ torque ุงู„ุงู† ุงูŠุด ุงู„ ..
301
00:25:05,640 --> 00:25:14,070
ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงูŠุดุŸtwist ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ twistุŸ ูŠู„ูˆูŠ ู„ู…ุง
302
00:25:14,070 --> 00:25:20,650
ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชู„ุชูˆู‰ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง twist ูู‡ุงู†ู‚ุงุด ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุญุงุทูŠู†ุง
303
00:25:20,650 --> 00:25:24,470
force ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงูŠุด .. ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุชู„ูˆู‰ ุชู„ุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
304
00:25:24,470 --> 00:25:29,290
ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุง ุชู†ูƒุณุฑ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุทูŠุจ
305
00:25:31,700 --> 00:25:34,780
subject to additional torque from the wrench
306
00:25:34,780 --> 00:25:37,080
eventually causing the bolts to fail
307
00:25:37,080 --> 00:25:46,920
Alternatively,
308
00:25:48,860 --> 00:25:53,820
as the bolt is stretcheddue to increasing ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงูŠุด
309
00:25:53,820 --> 00:25:58,680
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุจุจู‡ุงุŸ tension in the shank the force will
310
00:25:58,680 --> 00:26:05,940
be transmitted to the threads of the bolt and nuts
311
00:26:07,060 --> 00:26:11,520
ู‡ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง attention ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
312
00:26:11,520 --> 00:26:15,460
load ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ threads ุงู„ thread ุงู„ู„ูŠ
313
00:26:15,460 --> 00:26:20,360
ู‡ูŠ ู„ูŠุด ุงู„ุณู†ุงู† ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ balls ูˆ ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ู‡ุงูŠ ูู‡ุฐู‡
314
00:26:20,360 --> 00:26:24,700
ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุชูƒุณุฑ ูƒู…ุงู†
315
00:26:28,830 --> 00:26:31,810
potentially causing permanent damage to that
316
00:26:31,810 --> 00:26:36,790
thread ู‡ุงูŠ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ ุจุชุฎุฑุจ ุฃุณู†ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
317
00:26:36,790 --> 00:26:40,030
permanent damage this will not only make it
318
00:26:40,030 --> 00:26:48,750
impossible to subsequently tighten and loosen
319
00:26:48,750 --> 00:26:54,630
the boltsOkay normally but also cause tension to
320
00:26:54,630 --> 00:26:58,490
be released from the shank as nuts slip reducing
321
00:26:58,490 --> 00:27:02,290
preload and compromising the strength of the
322
00:27:02,290 --> 00:27:05,570
joints ุงูŠุด ุงุญู†ุง ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุญุฐุงู‚ุช ูˆ ุฎุฑุจุช
323
00:27:05,570 --> 00:27:09,970
ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุทูู„ุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุชุฑุฎูŠ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู„ูˆ
324
00:27:09,970 --> 00:27:15,210
ุฑุฎุช ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ุฎุฑุจ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฌูŠุจูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฑุบ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ูˆ
325
00:27:15,210 --> 00:27:19,750
ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูƒ not ู…ุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุณ ู„ูˆ
326
00:27:19,750 --> 00:27:23,430
ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุฑู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณูˆูŠ ุฎุฑุจุช ุงู„ุณู† ุชุจุน
327
00:27:23,430 --> 00:27:29,190
ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฑู…ูŠ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุงุฎุฏูŠู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฅูŠุด
328
00:27:29,190 --> 00:27:32,630
ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุงุฑุท ูˆ ูŠุฎุฑุทู„ูƒ ููŠู‡ุง ุญูŠู† ุงู†ุช
329
00:27:32,630 --> 00:27:38,490
ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุบู„ุจุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุทูŠุจ
330
00:27:40,450 --> 00:27:45,670
ุฃุญู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ true and
331
00:27:45,670 --> 00:27:51,930
false ูˆ correct the wrong answer the purpose of
332
00:27:51,930 --> 00:27:55,250
all washers is to spread the load from the bolts
333
00:27:55,250 --> 00:27:59,410
across the surfaces of the components being bolted
334
00:27:59,410 --> 00:28:03,850
together ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ washers ูƒู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ูŠู† ุจุชู†ุนู…ู„
335
00:28:03,850 --> 00:28:11,140
ุจุณ ุงู„ flat ุฃูˆ ุงู„ plain ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠุจุธุจุทุด ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ plain
336
00:28:11,140 --> 00:28:16,200
washers are flat ุงู„ plain ุฅูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู…ุŸ ุดูƒู„ู‡ู…
337
00:28:16,200 --> 00:28:23,040
flat ุงู„ spring washer it change shape as a bolt is
338
00:28:23,040 --> 00:28:27,240
tightened ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุญู…ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุฉ
339
00:28:27,240 --> 00:28:31,720
ู„ู…ุง ุชู†ุถุบุท ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰
340
00:28:31,720 --> 00:28:34,900
ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ู†ููˆุฎุฉ ุชู†ุถุบุท
341
00:28:36,350 --> 00:28:40,370
ุงู„ู€ spring washer ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ู…ู‡ู…ุง ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู‚ุทุนุฉ
342
00:28:40,370 --> 00:28:46,470
ุชุถุบุท ุชุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ preload ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ
343
00:28:46,470 --> 00:28:47,770
ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ
344
00:28:47,770 --> 00:28:52,890
ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ
345
00:28:52,890 --> 00:28:59,530
ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ
346
00:28:59,530 --> 00:29:04,570
ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ
347
00:29:04,570 --> 00:29:09,110
ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉfalse ุงูŠุด ุจุช allow some movement ุนู†ุฏู‰
348
00:29:09,110 --> 00:29:13,950
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ movement ู‡ูŠ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุชุณู…ุญู„ูŠ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ ุญุฑูƒุฉ
349
00:29:13,950 --> 00:29:19,410
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ู„ุงุญุธ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ุญุงุฌุฉ ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู†
350
00:29:19,410 --> 00:29:24,370
ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ washers ูƒู„ูƒูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู†
351
00:29:24,370 --> 00:29:34,150
ุงูŠุด ุงู„ washers ุทุจ ู„ุง ุงู„ุฏุจู„ุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุณูˆุงุฑุฉ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„
352
00:29:34,150 --> 00:29:42,560
washersุฃูŠูˆุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ washer ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„
353
00:29:42,560 --> 00:29:48,980
fasteners ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰
354
00:29:48,980 --> 00:29:55,220
ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ washer ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ bolts ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
355
00:29:55,220 --> 00:30:00,540
ุงู„ head ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ
356
00:30:12,710 --> 00:30:18,630
ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ Spanner ูƒูˆูŠุณ
357
00:30:18,630 --> 00:30:24,750
ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„ wrench ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
358
00:30:24,750 --> 00:30:28,470
ุถุงู„ ุงู„ allen key ุงู„ allen key ุงูˆ ุงู„ hex ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
359
00:30:28,470 --> 00:30:29,410
ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡
360
00:30:32,890 --> 00:30:37,890
ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุฉ ูˆููŠู‡ ุงู„ูŠุฏ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ูˆู‡ุฏ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุด
361
00:30:37,890 --> 00:30:43,050
ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูƒุจุดุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู‡ูŠ .. ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุฏ ูˆูŠู„ู‡ุง
362
00:30:43,050 --> 00:30:49,370
ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุฑุงุณ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆ ู…ุฌุณุงุช ูู‡ุฏ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„
363
00:30:49,370 --> 00:30:54,090
allen key ุงูˆ ุงู„ hex ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงูŠุด ุถุงู„ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู…ู†
364
00:30:54,090 --> 00:30:58,130
ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ torque ูˆ ุงู„ tension ูˆ ุงู„
365
00:30:58,130 --> 00:31:04,070
forceุทุจ ู‡ุงุฏ ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ู… ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุจุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุง ูˆุงู„ share
366
00:31:04,070 --> 00:31:11,490
force ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุถุงู„ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ tread ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
367
00:31:11,490 --> 00:31:16,570
ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ .. ุฃูˆ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุฅูŠุด
368
00:31:16,570 --> 00:31:19,790
ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ tread of the tires ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุฃูŠุงู… ุงู„
369
00:31:19,790 --> 00:31:27,390
tires ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุงุŸุนุดุงู† ุชุดูˆููˆุง ุฌุงู‡ุฒูŠู† ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ููŠู‡ ุฅู„ู‡
370
00:31:27,390 --> 00:31:33,190
ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฎุทูˆุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ tread of the
371
00:31:33,190 --> 00:31:37,370
tires ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‚ุฏูŠู… ุงู„ tread ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
372
00:31:37,370 --> 00:31:44,130
ุจูŠู†ู…ุณุญู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ุจู†ุดุฑ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉู ุงู„
373
00:31:44,130 --> 00:31:47,690
treads ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุงู†
374
00:31:47,690 --> 00:31:54,790
helical ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุญู„ุฒูˆู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰ hexagonal ุชู…ุงู†ู‰
375
00:31:54,790 --> 00:31:57,470
ู‡ุฐุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช