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1
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุญู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฌุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€USMLE ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุง
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ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุดูŠุก ุตุนุจุŒ ุฑุงุญ ู†ู‚ุดู‡ุŒ ูˆุฑุงุญ ู†ุจุฏุฃ
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ู†ุงุฎุฐ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณุคุงู„ุŒ ููŠู‡ ุฃุญุฏูƒู… ุจุนุชู„ูŠ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุด ูุงู‡ู… ุฃูˆ
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ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ุตุนูˆุจุฉุŒ ูุจุญุงูˆู„
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ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดุนุฑุช ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู…ุง ุดุฏุฏุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
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ูˆุงุถุญุชู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉุŒ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู†ุดูˆู ูƒูŠู
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ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุนุŒ ูˆูƒูŠู ุจูŠุฌูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ููŠู‡ุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
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ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู€ Linkage Equilibrium ูˆุงู„ู€ Linkage
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DisequilibriumุŒ ุชูˆุฒุน ุงู„ุฅุชุฒุงู† ูˆุนุฏู… ุงู„ุฅุชุฒุงู† ููŠ
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00:01:09,510 --> 00:01:20,540
ุงู„ุชุฑุงุจุท. ุฅุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู‚ุฑุจ ู…ูˆู‚ุนูŠู†
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two loci for two genes ู…ุซู„ู‹ุงุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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00:01:28,320 --> 00:01:35,600
ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ุจุถุฑุจู‡ุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ HLA-A ุจุนูŠุฏ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ BุŒ ุจุณ
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ุงู„ู€ HLA-C ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ B. ุญูƒูŠุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ุŒ ุฏุฎู„ ุญุชู‰
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00:01:42,800 --> 00:01:48,600
ุณุฑูŠุฑูŠู‹ุงุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฅุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ HLA-TypingุŒ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ุฑุฑ
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00:01:48,600 --> 00:01:55,640
ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุกุŒ ูˆู…ุง ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก ูˆูƒุฐุงุŒ ุจู†ูุญุต ุนู„ู‰
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00:01:55,640 --> 00:02:01,520
ุงู„ู€ A ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ B ูˆุงู„ู€ C ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุฑุจูˆุท ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ BุŒ ุญุชู‰ ู…ุง
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00:02:01,520 --> 00:02:07,040
ุจู†ุญุชุงุฌ ู†ูุญุต ุนู„ูŠู‡. ูุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„
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00:02:07,040 --> 00:02:14,000
ููŠู‡ Linked disequilibrium ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ุชุฑุงุจุทุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ุฑูŠุจุงุช
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00:02:14,000 --> 00:02:20,940
ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ B ุดูƒู„ ู…ุนูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ู€ C ุจูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ ู…ุญุฏุฏ
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00:02:20,940 --> 00:02:26,200
ูƒู…ุงู†ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ. ูุงู„ู€
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00:02:26,830 --> 00:02:30,510
ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงุทูŠู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Figure ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฑุงุญ ุฃูุฑุฌูŠูƒู… ุฅูŠุงู‡
23
00:02:30,510 --> 00:02:36,470
ูˆุฅุฐุง ุฑุงุญ ุฃุญุท Share Screen ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
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00:02:36,470 --> 00:02:46,050
ุฅุฐุง ุฑุงุญ ุฃุญุท Share ScreenุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
25
00:02:46,050 --> 00:02:51,730
ู‡ูŠูƒ ู†ู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ
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00:02:51,730 --> 00:02:57,370
ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุŒ ู†ูุชุฑุถ ุงูุชุฑุงุถู‹ุงุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ Two Loci
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ูˆ
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00:03:00,590 --> 00:03:08,190
Two AllelesุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ Gene ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุญู„ ููŠู‡
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00:03:08,190 --> 00:03:15,110
ู†ุณุฎุชูŠู† ุฃูˆ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€โ€ฆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุฃู†ุง
30
00:03:15,110 --> 00:03:20,590
ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€ ABO System ูˆุงู„ู€ Rh SystemุŒ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ Two
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00:03:20,590 --> 00:03:27,980
LociุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ABO ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠุง A ูŠุง B ูŠุง OุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€
32
00:03:27,980 --> 00:03:32,500
Rh ูŠุง ุจูƒูˆู† Positive ุฃูˆ NegativeุŒ ุงู„ู€ Capital D
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00:03:32,500 --> 00:03:36,540
ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Small d. ููŠ ุจุนุถุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง
34
00:03:36,540 --> 00:03:44,160
ุฌูŠุช ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Locus AุŒ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู†ูุชุฑุถ
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00:03:44,160 --> 00:03:47,120
ุงู„ู€ A ุงู„ู€ Capital ูˆุงู„ู€ A ุงู„ู€ SmallุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุนุงุฑู
36
00:03:47,120 --> 00:03:56,500
ุฅู†ู‡ู… 0.5 ูˆ 0.5. ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุนุทูˆู†ุง ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
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00:03:56,500 --> 00:04:06,080
frequencies ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฃู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุนุงุฑูู‡ุŒ ู…ุงุดูŠุŸ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู†
38
00:04:06,080 --> 00:04:15,160
ุงู„ู€ locus ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŒ ุงู„ู€ capital S ูˆุงู„ู€ small s
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00:04:15,160 --> 00:04:22,940
ู‡ูˆ 0.1 ูˆ 0.9. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุณุงุฆุฏ 10% ูˆุงู„ู…ุชู†ุญูŠ
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00:04:22,940 --> 00:04:27,380
90%. ูุฅุฐุง
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00:04:27,380 --> 00:04:34,960
ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุŒ ู„ู„ุฅุซู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐูˆู„ุŒ ู„ู…ุง ุขุฌูŠ ุฃุฏุฑุณ ู†ูุณ
42
00:04:34,960 --> 00:04:40,320
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู„ู„ู€ two lociุŒ ูˆุฃุดูˆู ุดูˆ ุงู„ุฃู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
43
00:04:40,320 --> 00:04:44,260
ุนู†ุฏู‡ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู†ุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู†ูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง
44
00:04:44,260 --> 00:04:49,420
ุจูุญุต ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…ุŒ ุงู„ู€ Two copiesุŒ ูˆุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุณุจ ุจู‡ุฐู‡
45
00:04:49,420 --> 00:04:57,180
ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ Two loci ู…ุง ู„ู‡ู… ุฃูŠ
46
00:04:57,180 --> 00:05:04,980
ุชุฑุงุจุท ู…ุง ููŠ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ู„ุฃู† ู†ุณุจู‡ู…ุŒ ู†ุณุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
47
00:05:04,980 --> 00:05:10,860
ุงู„ู…ุชูˆู‚ุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ General populationุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ
48
00:05:10,860 --> 00:05:16,060
ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŒ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุฃู„ูŠู„ุงุช ู‡ุฐูˆู„
49
00:05:16,060 --> 00:05:22,100
ูˆ distribution ุชุจุนุงุชู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ population. ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง
50
00:05:22,100 --> 00:05:33,640
ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ okayุŒ ู‡ุฐุง 0.1% ุงู„ู€ locus 2 ุงู„ู€
51
00:05:33,640 --> 00:05:40,870
S ูˆุงู„ู€ locus 2 ุงู„ู€ small sุŒ 0.9. ู‡ุฐู‡ 10% ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
52
00:05:40,870 --> 00:05:48,050
90%. ูุฃู†ุง ุนุงุฑู ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ู†ุต ุจู†ุตุŒ ุขุฌูŠ ุฃู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฅู†
53
00:05:48,050 --> 00:05:51,910
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… Capital A ูˆ Capital SุŒ ู…ุง ููŠุด ูˆู„ุง ุญุฏ ุจู‡ุฐุง
54
00:05:51,910 --> 00:05:59,010
ุงู„ุดูƒู„ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… Capital S ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… Small
55
00:05:59,010 --> 00:06:06,110
aุŒ ูุฅุฐู† ููŠ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุณุจ ู…ุด
56
00:06:06,110 --> 00:06:12,950
ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ูˆุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู… ู…ู† ู†ุณุจ ุงู„ุฃู„ูŠู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
57
00:06:12,950 --> 00:06:19,150
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก. ูู„ู…ุง ุฃุดูˆู ุฃู†ุง ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ุŒ ูˆู‡ู†ุง
58
00:06:19,150 --> 00:06:24,970
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ู‡ูŠ 0.1 ูˆู‡ูŠ 0.5ุŒ 0.5 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุตู‡ู… ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆ
59
00:06:24,970 --> 00:06:32,210
ู†ุตู‡ู… ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ุŒ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุตู„ุŒ ุฅุฐุง 90% ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†
60
00:06:32,210 --> 00:06:36,530
ู†ุตู‡ู… ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆู†ุตู‡ู… ู‡ูŠูƒ. ู„ู…ุง ุฃุดูˆู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู„ุงุช ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ุŒ
61
00:06:36,530 --> 00:06:43,340
ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงุฑุชุจุงุทุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุง ููŠุด ุชูˆุงุฒู† ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุณุจ
62
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ุชุจุนุงุชู‡ู…ุŒ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ linkage disequilibriumุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ
63
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ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ุŒ ููŠู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†
64
00:06:53,620 --> 00:06:57,620
ุชูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ ุฌุฒุฆูŠุŒ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ linkage
65
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disequilibrium partialุŒ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุฑุฌูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ุง
66
00:07:02,820 --> 00:07:07,190
ุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุถุญุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุŒ ุจุญุจ ุฃุคูƒุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ู†
67
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ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ Quiz ุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠู‡ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉุŸ -
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ุฃุนุทูŠูƒ ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ ูŠุง ุฃุฎุชูŠ - ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุนุงููŠูƒ ูŠุง ุฃุณุชุงุฐ
69
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ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู…ุŒ ุชูุถู„ - ุงู„ุฃุฎุช ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุชูŠุŒ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุฃู†ุช ุญูƒูŠุชู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู„ุง ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ -
70
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ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ุช ููŠ ุณุคุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
71
00:07:26,810 --> 00:07:33,630
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุณู‡ ุดุฑุญุชู‡ - ู‡ู„ุฃ ุชู…ุงู… ุจุณ - ู†ุนู… - ู‡ู„ุฃ ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ
72
00:07:33,630 --> 00:07:38,630
ุจุณ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุณ ุฅุฐุง ุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุนู† ู‡ุงูŠ
73
00:07:38,630 --> 00:07:42,890
ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ููŠู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุจุณ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฑุฌุนู‡ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
74
00:07:42,890 --> 00:07:47,390
ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ููŠู‡ ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุนุชู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุงู‡ ุนู„ู‰
75
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ุงู„ู€ WhatsAppุŒ ุจุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฃูŠ ุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฃูŠ
76
00:07:54,610 --> 00:08:00,270
ุณุคุงู„ ุจู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู‡ุŒ ุจู†ูุฑุฌูŠูƒ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุณุคุงู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ูุจุณ
77
00:08:00,270 --> 00:08:01,770
ููŠ ุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุณุคุงู„ุŸ ู‡ุฐุง
78
00:08:09,980 --> 00:08:19,280
ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุญุงุจุจ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุนู†ุฏูƒู…ุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
79
00:08:19,280 --> 00:08:24,940
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Association ูˆุงู„ู€ LinkageุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
80
00:08:24,940 --> 00:08:33,040
ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุถูŠุน ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุกุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูุตู„ ุจุนู†ูˆุงู† "identify
81
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the genetic basis of human disease"ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒูŠู ุฃู†ุง
82
00:08:36,560 --> 00:08:47,300
ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฏุฎู„ ู…ุนุฑูุชูŠ ุจุงู„ู€โ€ฆ ุจุงู„ู€ GeneticsุŒ ูˆุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ PCR
83
00:08:47,300 --> 00:08:53,480
ูˆุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ู„ู„ุฌูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถุŒ ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ
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ูุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
85
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ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ูุงู‡ู…ู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃู†ุง
86
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ู…ุฑุงุช ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ HLA-B27 is linked to
87
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ankylosing spondylitisุŒ ุฃูˆ ุฅุฐุง ููŠู‡ ุงู†ุฏูŠุงุณูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
88
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associationุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฑุงุช ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
89
00:09:20,850 --> 00:09:26,170
linkage ูˆู…ุฑุงุช ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง association. ูุงู„ู€ linkage
90
00:09:26,170 --> 00:09:32,050
ูˆู‡ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
91
00:09:32,050 --> 00:09:34,470
ู†ู‚ุงุทุŒ ู…ุงุดูŠุŸ
92
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ุจุชูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุฃู…ุชู‰ ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู… ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงุฑุชุจุงุทุŒ ูˆููŠ
93
00:09:43,520 --> 00:09:49,120
ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุฉุŒ ุจุณ ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู†ู‚ุงุท
94
00:09:49,120 --> 00:09:54,060
ุดูˆูŠู‡ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ. ูู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ linkageุŒ ู‡ูˆ it follows the
95
00:09:54,060 --> 00:09:58,780
inheritance of the disease trait and regions of
96
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the genome from individual to individual in family
97
00:10:03,120 --> 00:10:13,090
by degreesุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุฃุดุฎุงุต
98
00:10:13,090 --> 00:10:18,530
ู…ุตุงุจูŠู†ุŒ ูˆููŠู‡ุง ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุทุจูŠุนูŠูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง linkageุŒ
99
00:10:18,530 --> 00:10:23,950
ู…ุงุดูŠุŸ ุงู„ู€ Association ุงู„ู„ูŠ
100
00:10:23,950 --> 00:10:28,890
ู‡ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ููŠ test ู„ู„ู€ altered frequency of
101
00:10:28,890 --> 00:10:32,470
particular alleles or haplotypes in affected
102
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individuals compared with controls in a population
103
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€โ€ฆ ุงู„ู€โ€ฆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุณูˆูŠ ุดูŠุก ู…ุดุงุจู‡ุŒ ู‡ูˆ
104
00:10:49,630 --> 00:10:56,020
ุฃู†ุง ุจุฌูŠุจ ู†ุงุณ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุฑุถุŒ ูˆููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุณู„ูŠู…ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุจุดูˆู
105
00:10:56,020 --> 00:11:06,340
ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ู†ุณุจ ุธู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ certain alleles ุฃูˆ
106
00:11:06,340 --> 00:11:09,820
ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฑุณ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ haplotypeุŒ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
107
00:11:09,820 --> 00:11:15,780
ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจูŠู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ General Population
108
00:11:15,780 --> 00:11:19,800
ูู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง AssociationุŒ ูุฏูŠู‘ูƒ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง Linkage
109
00:11:23,250 --> 00:11:27,770
ุงู„ู€ Association ูŠุจุญุซ ุนู† ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน
110
00:11:27,770 --> 00:11:30,270
ุงู„ู€ Disease allelesุŒ ูˆูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู€ Polymorphic
111
00:11:30,270 --> 00:11:36,270
Variants ูู‚ุท ูƒุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ ุฃูŠ ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนู‡ุง ู…ู†
112
00:11:36,270 --> 00:11:43,830
ุฃูŠ ูˆุงู„ุฏ. ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ ุงู„ู€ Association ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู€
113
00:11:43,830 --> 00:11:46,610
hundredsุŒ ุงู„ู€ Association ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู€ hundreds ู„ู€
114
00:11:46,610 --> 00:11:53,730
thousands of polymorphic markers ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ุงู„ุชูŠ
115
00:11:53,730 --> 00:12:00,190
ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุตู…ู…ุฉ ู„ุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ุงู„ู€ variant ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ุงุŒ ุฃูˆ ุชุณุจุจ
116
00:12:00,190 --> 00:12:04,930
ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชู…ุซู„ ุฃูŠู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุฌุฏ ุงู„ู€
117
00:12:04,930 --> 00:12:12,030
variantุŒ ููŠ ุนุงู…ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูˆ ุนุงู…ุฉ ู…ูŠุบุงุจุงูŠุช. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง
118
00:12:12,030 --> 00:12:18,840
ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ุง ููŠู‡ LinkageุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุญุชู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุญุงูˆู„ ุฅู† ุญุฏ
119
00:12:18,840 --> 00:12:23,500
ูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ specific variant. ุฅุญู†ุง ุญุชู‰ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€
120
00:12:23,500 --> 00:12:34,940
Linkage ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ. ุงู„ู€ Linkage relies on
121
00:12:34,940 --> 00:12:38,240
recombination
122
00:12:38,240 --> 00:12:43,180
events occurring in families during only a few
123
00:12:43,180 --> 00:12:45,970
generationsุŒ to allow "ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุฌูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠู† ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ุงู„ู…ุฑุถุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ"
124
00:12:45,970 --> 00:12:49,690
ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠู† ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰
125
00:12:49,690 --> 00:12:50,910
ูˆู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ
126
00:12:50,910 --> 00:12:51,710
ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ
127
00:12:51,710 --> 00:12:55,470
ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰
128
00:12:55,470 --> 00:12:55,850
ูˆู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ
129
00:12:55,850 --> 00:12:59,450
ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ
130
00:12:59,450 --> 00:13:09,240
ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉโ€ฆ ู…ุง ุจูƒูˆู† ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงุณู…ู‡ุŸ ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฑุจุทุฉ
131
00:13:09,240 --> 00:13:14,720
ุงู„ู€ Disease ุจุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ Gene ู‡ุฐุง. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง
132
00:13:14,720 --> 00:13:23,300
ุฏุฑุณู†ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู€ S-Hemoglobin variationุŒ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„
133
00:13:23,300 --> 00:13:28,780
ุงู„ู€ Sickle Cell DiseaseุŒ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ูู‡ู… ู„ูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€
134
00:13:28,780 --> 00:13:34,180
Gene ุจุฏุฃ. ุฃู…ุง ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฃุนู…ู„ linkageุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง
135
00:13:34,180 --> 00:13:41,300
ุจุฑุจุทู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุฃู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุฃูˆ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู…ู†
136
00:13:41,300 --> 00:13:45,540
ุงู„ู€ Gene ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ DiseaseุŒ ุจุณ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุง ุจูƒูˆู† ุจุนุฑู ู„ูŠุด ุฃูˆ
137
00:13:45,540 --> 00:13:50,060
ูƒูŠู ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถ. Requires sampling of families
138
00:13:50,060 --> 00:13:53,540
not just people affected with the disease. I
139
00:13:53,540 --> 00:13:58,930
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ LinkageุŒ loses power when disease has complex
140
00:13:58,930 --> 00:14:01,870
inheritance and substantial lack of penetrance
141
00:14:01,870 --> 00:14:09,410
more oftenุŒ ุฃูˆ
142
00:14:09,410 --> 00:14:14,510
most often used to map disease-causing mutations
143
00:14:14,510 --> 00:14:17,930
with strong enough effect to cause a Mendelian
144
00:14:17,930 --> 00:14:22,610
inheritance pattern. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูˆุตู„ู‡ุง
145
00:14:22,610 --> 00:14:31,500
ุฅู†ู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ linkage ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„
146
00:14:31,500 --> 00:14:38,640
ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู†ุงุณ ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ูˆู†ุงุณ ู…ุด ู…ุตุงุจูŠู†ุŒ
147
00:14:38,640 --> 00:14:46,540
ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ู‚ุฏุฑุช ุฃุญุฏุฏ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ GenomeุŒ ููŠ
148
00:14:46,540 --> 00:14:54,170
ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจูŠู†ู‡ ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€โ€ฆ ุจูŠู†ู‡ ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ DiseaseุŒ ูˆุจูƒูˆู†
149
00:14:54,170 --> 00:15:00,850
ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ูƒู€ Marker ู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุทุŒ ู„ูŠุณ
150
00:15:00,850 --> 00:15:06,790
ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ู…ูุณุฑ ุฃูˆ ุดุงุฑุญ ุฃูˆ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ู„ุขู„ูŠุฉ ุชุณุจุจ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ
151
00:15:06,790 --> 00:15:11,900
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุงุŒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุทู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุฑุถุŒ ู‡ูŠ
152
00:15:11,900 --> 00:15:20,780
ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุดโ€ฆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุดูŠุก ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑู‡ ูƒู€ Disease
153
00:15:20,780 --> 00:15:27,000
ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ S-Hemoglobin ูˆ Sickle Cell DiseaseุŒ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง
154
00:15:27,000 --> 00:15:30,800
ู‡ูŠูƒ ูŠุณูˆูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู‡ูŠูƒ. ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ู‚ุถูŠุฉ
155
00:15:30,800 --> 00:15:34,550
ุงู„ู€ Linkage. ุฃู…ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ AssociationุŒ ุงู„ู€
156
00:15:34,550 --> 00:15:42,390
Association ู‡ูŠ ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰โ€ฆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
157
00:15:42,390 --> 00:15:45,770
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ frequency of the allele
158
00:15:45,770 --> 00:15:52,210
between group of patients ูˆ group of controls ููŠ
159
00:15:52,210 --> 00:16:00,050
ุงู„ู€ population. ูู‡ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู†ุช ุญุงุจุจุŒ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู†
160
00:16:00,050 --> 00:16:00,570
ุญู‚ู‡ุง.
161
00:16:04,020 --> 00:16:13,100
ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉุŒ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูุฑุฌูŠูƒู… ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุซูˆุงู†ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุณูˆูŠ
162
00:16:13,100 --> 00:16:20,680
Share ScreenุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณุคุงู„ ุจุนุถูƒู… ุทุฑุญู‡ุŒ ููŠู‡ ุดูŠุก ู…ุด
163
00:16:20,680 --> 00:16:28,040
ูุงู‡ู…ู‡ุŒ ู…ุด ูุงู‡ู…ู‡ุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู†ุฒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู„ุญุฏ
164
00:16:28,040 --> 00:16:30,800
ู…ุง ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุŒ ุฃุธู† ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจุนุฏูŠู†
165
00:16:49,900 --> 00:16:54,740
ุณุคุงู„ุŸ ูƒุฑูŠู…ุŒ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุณุคุงู„ุŸ ุญุจูŠุจุŒ ู…ุง ุฃู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ุŒ ู‡ู„ุฃ
166
00:16:54,740 --> 00:17:00,920
ุฃู†ุง
167
00:17:00,920 --> 00:17:08,260
ุดุฑุญุŒ ู…ุด ุณุคุงู„ุŒ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุขู‡ ุชูุถู„ุŒ ุงุญูƒูŠ. ู„ุฃุŒ
168
00:17:08,260 --> 00:17:13,410
ููŠ ู…ูˆุงุถูŠุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ First Aid ุจุณ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุดุฑุญู‡ุงุŒ ุชุฑูŠุฏ
169
00:17:13,410 --> 00:17:22,490
ุชุดุฑุญู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ุทูŠุจุŒ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุนู…ู„ Share ScreenุŸ
170
00:17:22,490 --> 00:17:28,690
ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุจุนุซ ู„ูƒ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจุณุŸ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุฃุจุนุซ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ chat
171
00:17:28,690 --> 00:17:36,350
ูˆุชู†ุฒู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŸ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€ admin ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุฎู„ูŠูƒ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุณูˆูŠ
172
00:17:36,350 --> 00:17:42,800
Share Screen ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ. ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุดูุช ุงู„ุตูˆุฑ ุชุจุนุช ู„ู…ุง
173
00:17:42,800 --> 00:17:50,060
ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจุนุซู‡ุงุŒ ูŠุจุนุซู„ูŠ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃุจุนุซู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ูุจุดูˆู
174
00:17:50,060 --> 00:18:00,740
ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุง ุจูŠุทู„ุน ูƒูˆูŠุณุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ูƒูˆูŠุณ. ุทูŠุจุŒ
175
00:18:00,740 --> 00:18:08,090
ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุฑุงุฌุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ู…ู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู€ USMLE ุฃูˆ
176
00:18:08,090 --> 00:18:11,910
ุฃูˆ Kaplan ุฃูˆ Genetics ูˆูƒุฐุงุŒ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ ReferencesุŒ
17
223
00:22:46,450 --> 00:22:48,190
ู…ุงุดูŠุŸ
224
00:22:49,720 --> 00:22:55,580
ูุฅุฐุง ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ุฃูŠ ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆุฏ ูƒู„
225
00:22:55,580 --> 00:23:05,440
ุฌุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุชูŠู† ุฃูƒูŠุฏ carrier ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูˆุฎู„ู ุฅุฐุง
226
00:23:05,440 --> 00:23:10,880
ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ูุนู„ุงู‹ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุทูู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆู„ุฏ ุณูˆุงุก
227
00:23:10,880 --> 00:23:18,580
ุงู„ุฃุจ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุฃุจ ุงู„ุฌุฏ ู‡ูŠ
228
00:23:18,580 --> 00:23:22,540
ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง carrier ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุฃุคูƒุฏ
229
00:23:22,540 --> 00:23:31,420
ู…ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุฃุจ ูˆุฃุฎุช ุงู„ุฒูˆุฌุฉ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ู„ุฃู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
230
00:23:31,420 --> 00:23:38,380
homozygous recessiveุŒ ุงู„ู€ smallุŒ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู…
231
00:23:38,380 --> 00:23:45,880
ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„... ุจู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุง ูุญุตุช ุงู„ุฃู… ู„ู„ู€
232
00:23:45,880 --> 00:23:54,840
carrier stateุŒ ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุทูŠ ุชู‚ุฏูŠุฑ ู„ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ
233
00:23:54,840 --> 00:24:04,020
ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุทู„ุน positiveุŒ ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ุฃู…ุŒ ุดูˆ ุงุณู…ู‡ุŸ
234
00:24:04,020 --> 00:24:07,860
ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† carrier ูˆู‚ุฏุงุด ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุนุทูŠ
235
00:24:07,860 --> 00:24:16,370
ุงู„ุฌูŠู„ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฃุจ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุฑุงุญ ูŠุนุทูŠ 100% ุงู„ู€ุฌูŠู†
236
00:24:16,370 --> 00:24:21,210
ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ 100% ู…ุตุงุจุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูุฅุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุฑุงุญ
237
00:24:21,210 --> 00:24:28,970
ูŠุนุทูŠ 100%ุŒ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุฃู… ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุทุจู‚ ู…ุง
238
00:24:28,970 --> 00:24:32,470
ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Conditional ProbabilityุŒ Conditional
239
00:24:32,470 --> 00:24:37,530
ProbabilityุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุทุฉุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
240
00:24:37,530 --> 00:24:47,980
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ูƒุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŒ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
241
00:24:47,980 --> 00:24:52,260
ุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ conditional probability ุบูŠุฑ ุฅู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก
242
00:24:52,260 --> 00:24:57,940
ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑูู‡ุงุŒ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ู„ู…ุง ุงุซู†ูŠู† carriers
243
00:24:57,940 --> 00:25:03,880
ูŠุชุฒุงูˆุฌูˆุง ู„ู€ autosomal recessiveุŒ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช ูˆุงุญุฏ
244
00:25:03,880 --> 00:25:09,120
ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู… ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃุฑุจุงุน ุนุงุฏุฉ
245
00:25:11,130 --> 00:25:16,050
Capital A Capital A, Capital A Small a, Capital A
246
00:25:16,050 --> 00:25:20,230
Small a, Small a, Small aุŒ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุงุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนุฏุฏ
247
00:25:20,230 --> 00:25:23,610
ูู„ู…ุง
248
00:25:23,610 --> 00:25:28,850
ู†ูƒูˆู† heterozygous ูˆcarrier
249
00:25:28,850 --> 00:25:36,970
ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุงุช ู…ู†ูุตู„ุฉ ุนู† ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง
250
00:25:37,260 --> 00:25:41,200
ู„ู…ุง ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ูŠุชุฒูˆุฌูˆุง ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ู†ุต ูŠุฌูŠุจูˆุง ูˆู„ุฏ
251
00:25:41,200 --> 00:25:47,340
ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ู†ุต ูŠุฌูŠุจูˆุง ุจู†ุชุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุณุช ู…ุฑุงุช ูŠุทู„ุน ูƒู„ู‡ ุจู†ุงุช
252
00:25:47,340 --> 00:25:52,220
ูƒู„ู‡ ุจู†ุงุชุŒ ูƒู„ู‡ ุจู†ุงุชุŒ ูƒู„ู‡ ุจู†ุงุชุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ ููŠู‡ memory
253
00:25:52,220 --> 00:25:57,180
lossุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุฌูŠุจุช ุณุช
254
00:25:57,180 --> 00:26:01,140
ุจู†ุงุชุŒ ุณุช ุจู†ุงุช ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ุŒ ู„ุงุฒู… ุฃุฌูŠุจ ู‡ุณุง ูˆู„ุฏุŒ ู…ุงููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
255
00:26:01,140 --> 00:26:06,060
ุฅูŠุด ุฒูŠู‡ุŒ ูŠุธู„ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู†ุต ุจู†ุต ูŠุทู„ุน ูˆู„ุฏ ูˆุจู†ุช ุนุงุฏูŠ
256
00:26:06,060 --> 00:26:12,130
ู…ู†ูุตู„ุฉุŒ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุจุชุญุฏุซ ุตุญูŠุญ ุจุณ ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุช ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง
257
00:26:12,130 --> 00:26:13,190
ุจุนุฑู ุดูˆ
258
00:26:13,190 --> 00:26:29,470
ุงู„ู€(incomplete sentence/unintelligible)
259
00:26:34,620 --> 00:26:38,120
ูุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง small a ูˆsmall aุŒ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ุงูŠู… ุฃุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
260
00:26:38,120 --> 00:26:45,720
ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุงู„ุฃุฎุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู… ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
261
00:26:45,720 --> 00:26:48,900
ูˆุฎุงู„ุชู‡
262
00:26:48,900 --> 00:26:59,060
ุฎุงู„ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุฎูˆ ุงู„ุฃู…ุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ
263
00:26:59,060 --> 00:27:07,070
ุงุณุชูู‡ุงู…ุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑููŠู†ุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุตู„ ุงู„ู†ุณุจ ุฑุจุน
264
00:27:07,070 --> 00:27:13,430
ู…ูุตุงุจุŒ ู†ุตู carrierุŒ ูˆุฑุจุน healthyุŒ completely healthy
265
00:27:13,430 --> 00:27:20,350
ูุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ Conditional ProbabilityุŒ ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุจู…ุง
266
00:27:20,350 --> 00:27:26,350
ุฅู†ูŠ ุนุฑูุช ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู…ุด ู…ุตุงุจุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ ูŠูƒูˆู†
267
00:27:26,350 --> 00:27:30,710
small a small aุŒ ูุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู†ุณุจ ู…ุด ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
268
00:27:30,710 --> 00:27:36,460
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู†ุณุจ ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŒ ูุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุซู„ุซ ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง
269
00:27:36,460 --> 00:27:43,960
ูˆุซู„ุซูŠู† ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง carrierุŒ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ู†ุณุจ ุญุณุจ
270
00:27:43,960 --> 00:27:50,440
ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุชุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ carrier ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ุตุงุจุฉ
271
00:27:50,440 --> 00:27:54,960
ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู…ุธู‡ุฑูŠุงู‹ุŒ because typically he is
272
00:27:54,960 --> 00:28:02,000
okay ุฃูˆ she is okayุŒ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡
273
00:28:02,000 --> 00:28:10,290
ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุซู„ุซ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† normalุŒ completely normal ููŠ
274
00:28:10,290 --> 00:28:16,690
ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฏูŠุŒ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุฒูˆุฌ ู‡ู†ุง ุฑุงุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุซู„ุซ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ
275
00:28:16,690 --> 00:28:27,370
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุถุฑุจ ุงู„ู†ุณุจ ุจุจุนุถ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุตู carrierุŒ ู…ุงุดูŠุŸ
276
00:28:27,370 --> 00:28:32,530
ูˆุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ ... ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ ... ุงู„ู€ ...
277
00:28:35,700 --> 00:28:45,140
ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุซู„ุซูŠู†ุŒ
278
00:28:45,140 --> 00:28:52,160
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุณุคุงู„ ุดูˆ
279
00:28:52,160 --> 00:28:57,200
ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุทู„ุน completely
280
00:28:57,200 --> 00:29:02,040
normalุŒ ุตูุฑุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุฑุงุญ ูŠูˆุฑุซ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู†
281
00:29:02,040 --> 00:29:07,070
ุงู„ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ู† ุฃุจูˆู‡ุŒ ูุฅุฐู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ ูŠุทู„ุน normalุŒ ุดูˆ
282
00:29:07,070 --> 00:29:15,270
ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุทู„ุน carrierุŒ ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง
283
00:29:15,270 --> 00:29:19,150
ุซู„ุซุŒ ูุดูˆ
284
00:29:19,150 --> 00:29:24,830
ุงุณู…ู‡ุŸ ุฑุงุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒูŠุฏ 100% carrier ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฃู…
285
00:29:24,830 --> 00:29:30,830
completely normalุŒ ูู‡ูŠ ุซู„ุซุŒ ูˆู„ู…ุง
286
00:29:30,830 --> 00:29:39,100
ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู… ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุซู„ุซูŠู†ุŒ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† carrierุŒ ู…ุฑุฉ
287
00:29:39,100 --> 00:29:46,700
ุจุชุนุทูŠุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุซู„ุซูŠู†ุŒ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† carrierุŒ ู†ุตู
288
00:29:46,700 --> 00:29:54,320
ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุจุน ุซู„ุซูŠู† ุจุชุนุทูŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจุŒ ูููŠ
289
00:29:54,320 --> 00:29:59,540
ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ุฑุงุญ ุงู„ุทูู„ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุตุงุจุŒ ูˆู†ุตู ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช ุฑุงุญ
290
00:29:59,540 --> 00:30:04,090
ูŠูƒูˆู†ุŒ ุจุชุนุทูŠ ุงู„ู†ู…ุท ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŒ ููŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ุทูู„ carrier
291
00:30:04,090 --> 00:30:11,370
ูุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุทูู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุจูˆู‡ ู…ุตุงุจ ูˆุฎุงู„ุชู‡ ู…ุตุงุจุฉ
292
00:30:11,370 --> 00:30:17,970
ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุซู„ุซ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุทู„ุน ู…ุตุงุจุŒ ูˆุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุซู„ุซูŠู†
293
00:30:17,970 --> 00:30:23,010
ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุทู„ุน carrierุŒ ูˆุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุตูุฑ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุทู„ุน completely
294
00:30:23,010 --> 00:30:27,450
normalุŒ ูู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุณุจ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุŒ ูุฃูˆู„ ุณุคุงู„ ูƒุงู† ุดูˆ
295
00:30:27,450 --> 00:30:33,660
ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุทู„ุน ู…ุตุงุจุŒ ูู‡ูŠ ุซู„ุซุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง
296
00:30:33,660 --> 00:30:38,000
ุฅูŠุงู‡ุงุŒ ุฃุฑุฌูˆ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ูุงู‡ู…ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณุฃู„ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
297
00:30:38,000 --> 00:30:47,420
ุญุงุถุฑ ู…ุนู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฑุญ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ููŠ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉุŸ
298
00:30:47,420 --> 00:30:57,120
ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ูƒุฑูŠู… ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ู…ู†
299
00:30:57,120 --> 00:30:59,000
ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุง ุฑุฌุน ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŸ
300
00:31:01,630 --> 00:31:07,090
ู…ู† ูƒุชุงุจ First AidุŒ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠุด ูŠุง First Aid ูˆู„ุง ุดูˆ ู‡ูˆ
301
00:31:07,090 --> 00:31:10,910
ู…ู† ุงู„ู€references ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุญุทูŠู†ุงู‡ู… ูˆู„ุง ู…ู† ู…ุญู„
302
00:31:10,910 --> 00:31:14,350
ุซุงู†ูŠุŸ
303
00:31:14,350 --> 00:31:18,690
ู„ุฃุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ ู…ุด ู…ุฑุฌุน ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุนุงูŠุง
304
00:31:18,690 --> 00:31:26,850
ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ู„ุฃุŒ ู…ุฑุฌุน ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉุŒ ู…ุง ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
305
00:31:26,850 --> 00:31:32,480
ูƒุชุงุจ Kaplan USMLE Step OneุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒ
306
00:31:32,480 --> 00:31:39,780
ุดูƒู„ู‡ุŒ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงุณู…ู‡ุŸ Resume sharesุŸ New sharesุŸ
307
00:31:39,780 --> 00:31:48,120
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฅู†
308
00:31:48,120 --> 00:31:52,020
ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆุงุถุญุŒ Part Two Medical GeneticsุŒ ู‡ุฏูˆู„
309
00:31:52,020 --> 00:32:00,050
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุนุทูˆู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู€ ... ุจุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู€ ... ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู…ู†ูุน ุฃุนู…ู„
310
00:32:00,050 --> 00:32:06,370
share scheme ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏ ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑุŸ ุฃุนู…ู„
311
00:32:06,370 --> 00:32:12,350
share scheme ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏูƒุŸ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุนุงู†ุง ุฅุฐุง
312
00:32:12,350 --> 00:32:16,570
ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชูƒู„ูŠูƒ ุชุนู…ู„ share schemeุŒ ุฃูŠูˆุฉุŒ ุนู…ู„ู„ูŠุŒ ุนู…ู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰
313
00:32:16,570 --> 00:32:19,150
ู…ู†ูุน ุฃุนู…ู„ุŒ ุทูŠุจ ูŠุงู„ุง ุนู…ู„ู„ูŠ
314
00:32:45,840 --> 00:32:53,680
ุทูŠุจุŒ ุฃูŠูˆุฉุŒ ุงู‡ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุถุญุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ููŠุŒ ููŠ
315
00:32:53,680 --> 00:32:56,200
ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ูƒุฑุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู€ First AidุŒ ูˆุดูˆูŠุฉ
316
00:32:56,200 --> 00:32:59,470
ุญุงู„ุงุชู‡ู… ุจุชูุตูŠู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ูˆุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Review ูƒุงู†
317
00:32:59,470 --> 00:33:02,590
ุจูŠุณุฃู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง ูˆุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุชูุงุตูŠู„ู‡ู… ูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
318
00:33:02,590 --> 00:33:09,050
ุชุดุฑุญู‡ู… ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุญุณุจ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุดุฑุญู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ TestุŒ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
319
00:33:09,050 --> 00:33:13,070
ู…ุด ู…ูู‡ูˆู…ุŸ
320
00:33:13,070 --> 00:33:19,510
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏูƒ ุชุดุชุฑูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€boards reviewsุŒ ููŠู…ุดูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ุฅุฐุง
321
00:33:19,510 --> 00:33:21,790
ุจุฏูƒ Cystic FibrosisุŸ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ Cystic FibrosisุŒ ููŠู‡
322
00:33:21,790 --> 00:33:26,130
ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ู„ุฃุŒ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุด ุฃู…ุฑุงุถุŒ ู‡ุฏูˆู„
323
00:33:26,130 --> 00:33:49,750
ูƒูŠููŠุฉ (incomplete sentence/unintelligible)
324
00:33:50,570 --> 00:34:01,990
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุถ ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุชู†ุงุŒ ู…ุฑุถ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ... ุงู„ู€ ...
325
00:34:01,990 --> 00:34:06,910
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ... ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆู†ุง ุงู„ุจูŠุถ ุงุญู†ุง
326
00:34:06,910 --> 00:34:11,670
ูƒูˆูƒุงุฒูŠูŠู†ุŒ ูƒูˆูƒุงุฒูŠูŠู†ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ูƒูˆูƒุงุฒูŠ ุจุงู„ู€genetics ุชุจุน
327
00:34:11,670 --> 00:34:17,370
ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุช ุจุชูƒุชุจ ุฃู†ุชุŒ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุด Hispanic ูˆู„ุง
328
00:34:18,730 --> 00:34:24,050
African ูˆู„ุง Native American ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Eskimo ุฃูˆ ุฅุดูŠ
329
00:34:24,050 --> 00:34:28,410
ุฒูŠ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุงู„ุขู†
330
00:34:28,410 --> 00:34:36,210
ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฑุถ ุจุณุจุจ ... ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฃู† ููŠ ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุฅู„ูŠ ุญูƒุงู„ูŠ
331
00:34:36,210 --> 00:34:42,990
ุนู† ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงู„ุฉุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุดุฎุตู‡ุงุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุŒ ูˆุญูƒูŠุช ุฃู†ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
332
00:34:42,990 --> 00:34:51,070
ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒู…ุŒ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ุŒ ุจู„ุญุณ ุนุฑู‚ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู†
333
00:34:51,070 --> 00:34:58,030
ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฑุถูŠุน ุชุจุนู‡ุงุŒ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ ู…ุงู„ุญ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ูŠุง ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุชู‰
334
00:34:58,030 --> 00:35:03,550
ู…ุฑุงุช ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠู†ุดู ุงู„ุนุฑู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุจูŠู†ู‡ ูˆู„ุง ูƒุฏู‡
335
00:35:03,550 --> 00:35:09,790
ุจุชุญุณ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ู…ู„ุญุŒ ูููŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠู‡ุŒ ู„ู‚ูŠู†ุง ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฅู†ู‡
336
00:35:09,790 --> 00:35:17,280
ุงู„ู€ Sodium Chloride Pump ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ... ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Mucous
337
00:35:17,280 --> 00:35:24,100
Membranes ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ ุนุฑูุชู‡ุงุŸ ูุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
338
00:35:24,100 --> 00:35:29,180
ุจู†ุนุฑูู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ Capital C ูˆ Capital F ูˆ
339
00:35:29,180 --> 00:35:33,580
T ูˆ R ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Cystic Fibrosis Transporter
340
00:35:33,580 --> 00:35:41,360
GeneุŒ ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ุชุจุนู‡ CFTRุŒ ุทุจุนุงู‹ Gene
341
00:35:41,360 --> 00:35:50,020
ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุงู„ุฌูŠู† ุชุจุนู‡ุŒ ู…ุงุดูŠุŸ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูƒุชุจ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹
342
00:35:50,020 --> 00:35:55,660
ุนู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ RNA ุฃูˆ ูƒุฏู‡ุŒ ู…ุง ุจู†ุญุทุด capital
343
00:35:55,660 --> 00:36:02,060
letterุŒ ุจู†ุญุท small letterุŒ ูุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ autosomal
344
00:36:02,060 --> 00:36:06,580
recessive defect ุจุงู„ู€ Cystic Fibrosis Transporter
345
00:36:06,580 --> 00:36:12,760
GeneุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… 7ุŒ ููŠู‡ commonly deletion ุจู€
346
00:36:13,010 --> 00:36:18,710
ุงู„ู€ phenylalanine ุจุงู„ู€ Position 508ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑู…ุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
347
00:36:18,710 --> 00:36:22,530
ุญุงุทูŠู†ู‡ุŒ it is the most common lethal disease in
348
00:36:22,530 --> 00:36:29,390
Caucasian populationุŒ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ุฑุถ ู‚ุงุชู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุถ
349
00:36:29,390 --> 00:36:37,770
ูˆุฑุงูู‚ู‡ุŒ ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ pathophysiologyุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†
350
00:36:37,770 --> 00:36:40,790
ู†ู„ู‚ู‰ Cystic Fibrosis Transporter Gene
351
00:36:40,790 --> 00:36:46,900
Association ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Linkage ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Linkage Studies
352
00:36:46,900 --> 00:36:51,740
ุจุณ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูู‡ู… ูƒูŠู ุจุชุณุจุจ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถุŒ ูุงู„ู€
353
00:36:51,740 --> 00:36:59,200
pathophysiology ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ ATP-gated chloride channel
354
00:36:59,200 --> 00:37:07,460
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ Sodium chloride channelุŒ ุจุงู„ู€ energy ุจุฏุฎู„ู‡ุŒ
355
00:37:07,460 --> 00:37:12,840
ุจูŠุทู„ุน Sodium ูˆChlorideุŒ ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Mucous Membranes
356
00:37:13,570 --> 00:37:18,070
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ defectุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฑุงุญ ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ lungs ูˆุงู„ู€
357
00:37:18,070 --> 00:37:28,990
GI tractุŒ ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
358
00:37:28,990 --> 00:37:33,410
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง mutationsุŒ misfolded proteinุŒ protein
359
00:37:33,410 --> 00:37:40,110
retained in the rough endoplasmic reticulumุŒ ูˆู„ู… ูŠุชู…
360
00:37:40,110 --> 00:37:44,090
ุชูˆุตูŠู„ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ cell membraneุŒ ุจุณุจุจ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Chloride
361
00:37:44,090 --> 00:37:52,170
ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ูˆุงู„ู€ secretion ู„ู„ู€ water ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ุŒ ูˆุจุถู„ ุงู„ู€
362
00:37:52,170 --> 00:37:56,430
intracellular ChlorideุŒ result in compensatory
363
00:37:56,430 --> 00:38:02,290
higher Sodium reabsorptionุŒ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู…
364
00:38:02,290 --> 00:38:08,370
ุจุฎุฑุจุท Sodium Chloride Pump ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Mucous Membrane
365
00:38:08,820 --> 00:38:13,380
ูˆุงู„ู€ Respiratory tract ูˆุงู„ู€ GI tract ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
366
00:38:13,380 --> 00:38:21,660
Skin ูˆุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูุงู„ุขู† ูƒูŠู ู†ุดุฎุตู‡ุงุŸ ู…ู†
367
00:38:21,660 --> 00:38:27,700
ุฃูˆุงุฆู„ ุงู„ู€ tests ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ู€ Chloride
368
00:38:27,700 --> 00:38:32,340
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ู€ sweat testุŒ ุงู„ู€ sweat test
369
00:38:32,340 --> 00:38:40,730
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ูุญุตุŒ ุจูŠุฌูŠุจูˆุง ุงู„ุทูู„ุŒ ุจูŠุญุทูˆู‡ ุจู…ู†ุดุทุฉ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู†
370
00:38:40,730 --> 00:38:46,590
ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฅุดูŠ ูŠู…ู†ุน ุชุจุฎุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุกุŒ ููŠ ุญูŠุซ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุฎู„ูˆู‡
371
00:38:46,590 --> 00:38:52,030
ูŠุฃุฑู‚ุŒ ูˆูŠุฃุฎุฐูˆุง ุงู„ุนุฑู‚ ุชุจุนู‡ ูˆูŠูุญุตูˆู‡ ู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู€
372
00:38:52,030 --> 00:38:57,470
Chloride ูˆุงู„ุณูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ูˆุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ูุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
373
00:38:57,470 --> 00:39:03,730
ุงู„ู€ Chloride Concentration in Pilocarpine Induced
374
00:39:03,730 --> 00:39:09,070
Sweat TestุŒ is diagnosticุŒ ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ููŠุฏ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ
375
00:39:09,070 --> 00:39:13,810
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ุฅู†ูƒ ุฃู†ุช ุชุฌู…ุน ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุนุฑู‚ ู…ู† ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจูŠุนุฑู‚
376
00:39:13,810 --> 00:39:21,090
ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุทูู„ ุจูŠุนุฑู‚ุŒ ูˆุชุฌู…ุนู‡ุง ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชุชุญุตู‘ู„ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
377
00:39:21,090 --> 00:39:28,290
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฐูƒุฑู‡ุŒ ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู€ 60ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† 60 ุจุงู„ูˆุญุฏุงุช
378
00:39:28,290 --> 00:39:32,890
ุชุจุนุชู‡ุŒ ู…ู† ุฐุงูƒุฑุชูŠ ู„ุณู‡ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต
379
00:39:32,890 --> 00:39:35,170
ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูุงู„ู€
380
00:39:36,660 --> 00:39:45,760
ุงู„ู€ ... ุงู„ู€ ... ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฑุงุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ
381
00:39:45,760 --> 00:39:51,920
ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจุงุช ุจุงู„ุตุฏุฑุŒ ุฎุฑุงุจ ููŠ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุจู†ูƒุฑูŠุงุณุŒ ูˆู…ูŠู„ ู„ู„ู€
382
00:39:51,920 --> 00:39:59,260
steatorrheaุŒ ูˆุณุชุงุชูˆุฑูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุธุงู‡ุฑ ุชุจุนุชู‡ู…ุŒ ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ุทุจุนุงู‹
383
00:39:59,260 --> 00:40:10,580
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃุจุญุซ ู„ู„ุฌูŠู† ุชุจุนู‡ุŒ ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
384
00:40:10,580 --> 00:40:14,340
immunoreactive trypsinogenุŒ newborn screening
385
00:40:14,340 --> 00:40:21,740
methodุŒ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ููŠู‡ู… ูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ูู‡ูŠ ูƒูŠู
386
00:40:21,740 --> 00:40:25,160
ุจู†ุณูˆูŠ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุตุŒ ุจุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ุฅู†ูƒ ุชุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ gene
387
00:40:25,160 --> 00:40:30,220
mutationุŒ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุณูˆูŠ ู„ู‡ sweat testุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡
388
00:40:30,670 --> 00:40:38,870
ูˆููŠู‡ trypsinogen levelุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† increased ู…ุน
389
00:40:38,870 --> 00:40:45,770
ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑุงุณูŠุณ ูˆุงู„ู€ hypocalcemiaุŒ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ
390
00:40:45,770 --> 00:40:50,330
ุฑุงุญ ูŠุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ chloride ูˆุงู„ู€ sodium ูŠู†ูุฑุฒูˆุง ุจุฑุง
391
00:40:50,330 --> 00:40:58,980
ูุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ ูŠุณุญุจู‡ู… ู„ุฌูˆุง ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงุชุฒุงู†ุŒ ูู„ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ
392
00:40:58,980 --> 00:41:03,920
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉุŒ ุฒูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุฃุฎุฐ Mineralocorticoid
393
00:41:03,920 --> 00:41:10,360
ุฃูˆ ูƒุฏู‡ุŒ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‡ุฐุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃุณุญุจ ููŠ
394
00:41:10,360 --> 00:41:15,680
ุงู„ู€ K ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ... ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ CFTR
395
00:41:15,680 --> 00:41:22,640
ุฌูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Mucous Membranes ูˆุงู„ู€ GI
396
00:41:22,640 --> 00:41:26,810
tractุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Respiratory tract ูˆุงู„ู€ GI tractุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง
397
00:41:26,81
445
00:45:47,420 --> 00:45:50,900
ุจุญุงูˆู„ ุฃุณุงุนุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุฉ ุจูุนู„ chest physical therapy
446
00:45:50,900 --> 00:45:57,400
ุจุนุทูŠู‡ bronchodilator ูˆุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฅุฐุงุจุฉ ุงู„ู€ mucus ู„ุฃู†ู‡
447
00:45:57,400 --> 00:46:02,540
thick ูˆ very thick ูŠุณู…ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€DNA ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
448
00:46:02,540 --> 00:46:07,820
enzyme aerosolized ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูุญูŽุทู‘ ุจุงู„ู†ูุณ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ
449
00:46:07,820 --> 00:46:11,820
ูŠุฐูˆุจ ุงู„ู€ mucus
450
00:46:11,820 --> 00:46:12,160
451
00:46:12,160 --> 00:46:13,360
452
00:46:13,360 --> 00:46:14,220
453
00:46:14,220 --> 00:46:15,000
454
00:46:15,000 --> 00:46:17,020
455
00:46:17,020 --> 00:46:19,200
456
00:46:19,200 --> 00:46:23,720
457
00:46:23,720 --> 00:46:28,300
458
00:46:28,300 --> 00:46:35,120
ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ุจุนุฏู‡ุŸ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ
459
00:46:35,120 --> 00:46:39,140
ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง Cystic Fibrosis ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ูƒุชุงุจูƒู…ุŒ
460
00:46:39,140 --> 00:46:44,780
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูุณู…ู‘ู‰ Extinct
461
00:46:44,780 --> 00:46:51,240
Recessive DisorderุŒ ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุŒ ุขุณูุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ Autism
462
00:46:51,240 --> 00:46:56,480
RecessiveุŒ ุฃูŠู‘ Cystic FibrosisุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุถุน ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ
463
00:46:56,480 --> 00:47:03,860
ุงุณู…ู‡ Extinct RecessiveุŒ ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุŒ ู…ุฑุถ Duchenne
464
00:47:03,860 --> 00:47:13,880
Dystrophy ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ DuchenneุŒ ู…ุง ุงุณู…ู‡ุŸ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
465
00:47:13,880 --> 00:47:23,530
ุนู† ุฌูŠู† ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† dystrophin ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ
466
00:47:23,530 --> 00:47:31,490
ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู„ู€ actin
467
00:47:31,490 --> 00:47:35,770
ูˆ myosin ุงู„ู„ุฐุงู† ู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชููƒูˆู‘ู† ุงู„ู€
468
00:47:35,770 --> 00:47:41,970
ุนุถู„ุงุช ูˆุชูู…ูƒู‘ู†ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ุŒ ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
469
00:47:41,970 --> 00:47:44,330
ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุงูู‚
470
00:47:45,940 --> 00:47:50,660
ูุจุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูŠุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ Intracellular Cytoskeleton
471
00:47:50,660 --> 00:47:57,180
ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ActinุŒ ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ูˆู„ู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ุŒ ุงู„ุขู†
472
00:47:57,180 --> 00:48:05,200
473
00:48:05,200 --> 00:48:05,220
474
00:48:05,220 --> 00:48:05,360
475
00:48:05,360 --> 00:48:05,940
476
00:48:05,940 --> 00:48:08,640
477
00:48:08,640 --> 00:48:19,400
ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† dystrophinุŒ ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุŸ
478
00:48:19,400 --> 00:48:24,120
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู†ุถุนู‡ ูƒู€deleted dystrophinุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
479
00:48:24,120 --> 00:48:28,320
ุงู„ู€ dystrophinุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู… ู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ
480
00:48:28,320 --> 00:48:35,560
ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุญุฏุซ ู„ู‡ deletionุŒ ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุŸ ุงู„ุขู†
481
00:48:35,560 --> 00:48:41,620
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ู€
482
00:48:43,000 --> 00:48:51,260
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนุฏุฉ ุฃุนุฑุงุถุŒ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ
483
00:48:51,260 --> 00:48:56,600
ู‡ูˆ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ muscle weaknessุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุทูู„ ู„ุง ูŠุฌู„ุณ ุทุจุนุงู‹
484
00:48:56,600 --> 00:49:02,600
ุงู„ู€ DuchenneุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุดุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุŒ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ููŠู‡ issue ูŠูุณู…ู‘ู‰
485
00:49:02,600 --> 00:49:11,220
Becker muscular dystrophyุŒ ุงู„ู€ Becker ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู€ DuchenneุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ Duchenne
486
00:49:11,220 --> 00:49:20,190
ุฃุดุฏุŒ ูˆูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทููˆู„ุฉุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุทูˆู„ุŒ ุงู„ู€ Becker ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู„ุงุญู‚ุงู‹ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
487
00:49:20,190 --> 00:49:26,090
ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Duchenne ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุฃู† ูŠุตู„ูˆุง ููˆู‚
488
00:49:26,090 --> 00:49:34,430
ุงู„ู€ 12 ุณู†ุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุงุณู…ู‡ุŸ ุณูŠู…ูˆุชูˆู†
489
00:49:34,430 --> 00:49:39,220
ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุจูƒุฑุŒ ูˆุฃู‡ู… ู…ูƒุงู† ุชุชู„ู ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุตุจุงุช
490
00:49:39,220 --> 00:49:44,120
ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชู†ูุณูŠุฉุŒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆู ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุดูŠุŒ ุฃูˆ
491
00:49:44,120 --> 00:49:50,760
ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูู€ Duchenne ุฃุดุฏ ูˆูŠู…ูˆุชูˆู† ุจุณุฑุนุฉ
492
00:49:50,760 --> 00:50:01,380
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Becker ูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ุชุฃุฎุฑุงู‹ ูˆูŠุทูˆู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ
493
00:50:01,380 --> 00:50:11,330
ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ Duchenne ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชู„ู ุงู„ู€
494
00:50:11,330 --> 00:50:16,230
muscle proteinุŒ ุชูŽุทูˆู‘ุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูŠุตุจุญ
495
00:50:16,230 --> 00:50:22,590
ุถุนูŠูุงู‹ุŒ ุจุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุŒ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ pseudo
496
00:50:22,590 --> 00:50:28,670
hypertrophyุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ hypertrophy
497
00:50:28,670 --> 00:50:35,200
ุชุถุฎู…ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุชุถุฎู… ูƒุงุฐุจุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูŠุฐู‡ุจ
498
00:50:35,200 --> 00:50:41,080
ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉุŒ ูŠูู‚ูˆู‘ูŠ ุนุถู„ุงุชู‡ ูˆูŠุชู…ุฑู‘ู†
499
00:50:41,080 --> 00:50:47,380
ูˆูŠูู‚ูˆู‘ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ุชุชุถุฎู… ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ูˆุชูƒุจุฑุŒ ุชุณุชุฌูŠุจ ู„ู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู†ุŒ ูู‡ูŠ
500
00:50:47,380 --> 00:50:52,780
true hypertrophyุŒ ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุŒ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนุถู„ุงุชู‡ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ
501
00:50:52,780 --> 00:50:58,760
ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ Duchenne ูŠูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุงู‹ุŒ ู„ูƒู†
502
00:50:58,760 --> 00:51:03,060
ู‡ูŠ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุถุนูŠูุฉุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุชูุณู…ู‘ู‰ pseudo hypertrophy
503
00:51:03,550 --> 00:51:12,830
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ูƒุชุงุจูƒู…ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ "Thompson"ุŒ ูŠุถุน
504
00:51:12,830 --> 00:51:18,990
ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุณุงู‚ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุถุนูŠูุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุŸ ูู„ู†ู‚ู„
505
00:51:18,990 --> 00:51:23,470
Calf pseudo-hypertrophyุŒ ุงู„ู€"h" ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
506
00:51:23,470 --> 00:51:27,930
ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ู…ู…ูŠุฒุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ Gower signุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ
507
00:51:27,930 --> 00:51:34,530
ูˆุถุนู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ูƒู… ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง
508
00:51:34,530 --> 00:51:42,930
ูŠูุฑููŽุน ุงู„ุทูู„ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆูุŒ ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆู ูƒุฃู†ู‡
509
00:51:42,930 --> 00:51:50,050
ูŠุชุณู„ู‚ ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุธู‡ุฑู‡ ูˆูŠุฑูŠุฏ
510
00:51:50,050 --> 00:51:56,970
ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆูุŒ ูู…ุงุฐุง ูŠูุนู„ุŸ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุธู‡ุฑู‡ ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ุŒ ุซู… ูŠู†ู‚ู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰
511
00:51:56,970 --> 00:52:02,930
ุจุทู†ู‡ุŒ ูŠูุฑููŽุน ุฑุฃุณู‡ ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ุŒ ุซู… ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุญู…ู„ ู†ูุณู‡
512
00:52:02,930 --> 00:52:08,450
ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุซู… ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ูŠุฏูŠู‡ ู„ูŠุฑุชูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰
513
00:52:08,450 --> 00:52:14,950
ุณุงู‚ูŠู‡ ู„ูŠูู‚ูˆู‘ู… ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุŸ ูู‡ูŠ ุชูุณู…ู‘ู‰
514
00:52:14,950 --> 00:52:20,150
Gower signุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ patient uses upper extremity
515
00:52:20,150 --> 00:52:25,430
to help stand upุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุชุณู„ู‚ ู†ูุณู‡ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
516
00:52:25,430 --> 00:52:31,340
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุฑู‰ ุทูู„ุงู‹ ุฃูˆ ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุงู‹ ูŠู‚ู ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ู…ุน
517
00:52:31,340 --> 00:52:34,960
Muscular DisabilitiesุŒ ู…ุน Muscle WeaknessุŒ ู…ุน
518
00:52:34,960 --> 00:52:42,220
Duchenne ูƒุทูู„ ุตุบูŠุฑุŒ ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุŸ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุชูุณู…ู‘ู‰
519
00:52:42,220 --> 00:52:49,120
Gower signุŒ ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ
520
00:52:49,120 --> 00:52:56,270
Muscle Fibers ูˆ Muscle ProteinsุŒ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู€
521
00:52:56,270 --> 00:52:59,870
CPKุŒ ุงู„ุฃู†ุฒูŠู… ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจู€ creatinine kinase ุฃูˆ
522
00:52:59,870 --> 00:53:05,470
phosphocreatine kinase ูŠุตุจุญ ู…ุฑุชูุนุงู‹ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุธุงู‡ุฑ ุฃู†ู‡
523
00:53:05,470 --> 00:53:12,050
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุชุŒ
524
00:53:12,050 --> 00:53:18,630
ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุญู†ุŒ ุฏุนูˆู†ูŠ ุฃุฐูƒุฑูƒู… ุจุดูŠุกุŒ ู‡ุฐุง X-linked
525
00:53:18,630 --> 00:53:23,730
recessiveุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงุฏ ู‡ู… ู…ู† ูŠูุตุงุจูˆู†ุŒ ูˆุฃุฐู‡ุจ ุฃุณุฃู„ ุนู†
526
00:53:23,730 --> 00:53:29,240
ุฃุฎูˆู‡ู…ุŒ ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุŒ ุฃุณุฃู„ ุนู† ุฎุงู„ุชู‡ุŒ ุฃูŠู‘ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุงู„ู€
527
00:53:29,240 --> 00:53:36,120
females ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู† ุญุงู…ู„ุงุชุŒ ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุŒ females ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
528
00:53:36,120 --> 00:53:44,040
ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง Duchenne ูˆู‡ูŠ TurnerุŒ ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุฅู„ุงู‘
529
00:53:44,040 --> 00:53:49,060
ู†ุณุฎุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† XุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู†ุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุงุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู†
530
00:53:49,060 --> 00:53:57,560
ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุชุงุฏุฉุŒ ู†ู†ุฒู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ BeckerุŒ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู€ Duchenne ู„ูƒู† ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุจู€
531
00:53:57,560 --> 00:54:05,740
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูˆุน ุขุฎุฑุŒ ูˆูŠุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
532
00:54:05,740 --> 00:54:12,260
ู…ุชุฃุฎุฑุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Duchenne ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ู…ุงูŠุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰
533
00:54:12,260 --> 00:54:18,780
ุณู† ุงู„ู€ 12 ุณู†ุฉุŒ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‡ู‚ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
534
00:54:18,780 --> 00:54:23,600
ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‡ู‚ุฉุŒ ูู€ Becker ู†ูˆุน ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
535
00:54:24,150 --> 00:54:30,930
ูˆูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู…ุชุฃุฎุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Becker ูˆุนู† ุงู„ู€ Duchenne
536
00:54:30,930 --> 00:54:41,950
ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูŠุนูŠุด ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุง ูŠูุณู…ู‘ู‰ MyotoniaุŒ ู†ุญู†
537
00:54:41,950 --> 00:54:50,010
ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฏู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุต ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุชุŒ ูˆู„ูŠุณ
538
00:54:50,010 --> 00:54:55,460
ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถุŒ ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ูŠุนุฑู ุนู†
539
00:54:55,460 --> 00:54:58,960
ุงู„ู€ Disease ูŠูู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ Genetics ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ูˆุฅู†
540
00:54:58,960 --> 00:55:03,660
ู…ู† ุงู‚ุชุฑุจ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ู„ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
541
00:55:03,660 --> 00:55:10,360
ูู„ู†ุฐูƒุฑ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู€ manifestation ูˆุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช
542
00:55:10,360 --> 00:55:18,020
ูˆุงู„ุธูˆุงู‡ุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุชุŒ ูˆู…ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุชู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ู€ Becker ุฃุฎูุŒ ุงู„ู€ Duchenne ุฃู‚ูˆู‰
543
00:55:18,020 --> 00:55:29,620
ูˆุฃุดุฏุŒ ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Myotonia ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ
544
00:55:29,620 --> 00:55:38,040
ุชุนุฑูŠูู‡ุงุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ู€ Physiology ู„ู€
545
00:55:38,040 --> 00:55:43,560
ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ูˆูƒูŠู ุชุตุงุจ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุจู€ Contracture
546
00:55:43,560 --> 00:55:54,390
ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฃู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ ATP ูˆุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ
547
00:55:54,390 --> 00:56:01,870
ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ูุตุงู„ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุชุฌุฏ
548
00:56:01,870 --> 00:56:08,550
ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ู‡ุฐุง actin ูˆู‡ุฐุง myosin ุฎูŠูˆุท ุชุฌุฏู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง
549
00:56:08,550 --> 00:56:16,170
ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุชู†ู‚ุจุถุŒ ุชู†ุฒู„ู‚ ููˆู‚ ุจุนุถู‡ุงุŒ ุซู… ุชู‚ุตุฑ ูˆุชู‚ุชุฑุจ
550
00:56:16,170 --> 00:56:19,970
ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุจุนุถู‡ุงุŒ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูƒุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ุนู†
551
00:56:19,970 --> 00:56:24,880
ุจุนุถู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ู€ Energy ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ู„ูƒูŠ ุชู†ูุตู„ ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง
552
00:56:24,880 --> 00:56:28,800
ุซู… ุชู‚ุชุฑุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุจุนุถู‡ุง ูˆุชู…ุณูƒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ุŒ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูŠุญุฏุซ
553
00:56:28,800 --> 00:56:35,560
ุงู„ู€ ContractionุŒ ูุงู„ู€ Myotonia ู‡ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ุง
554
00:56:35,560 --> 00:56:42,140
ุชุณุชุฑุฎูŠุŒ ุชุฌุฏ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู…ุดุฏูˆุฏุฉุŒ
555
00:56:42,140 --> 00:56:47,020
ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุŸ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ู‡ู†ุง ุณุฃุถุน ู„ูƒู… ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ู€
556
00:56:47,020 --> 00:56:53,060
MyotoniaุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฃุชูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ุชุตุงูุญู‡ุŒ ูŠูุดุฏู‘
557
00:56:53,060 --> 00:57:02,860
ูŠุฏู‡ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ููƒู‘ู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุชุตุงูุญู‡ุŒ ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ุจุนุฏุŸ
558
00:57:02,860 --> 00:57:08,580
ุซู… ู‡ู†ุง Autosomal DominantุŒ ุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃุนุฑู ู„ู…ุงุฐุง
559
00:57:08,580 --> 00:57:17,190
ูˆุถุนู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ MyotoniaุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุนุถู„ูŠุฉ
560
00:57:17,190 --> 00:57:22,910
ุนุถู„ูŠุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ Becker ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Duchenne X-linked recessiveุŒ ุงู„ู€
561
00:57:22,910 --> 00:57:26,990
Myotonia ุฃุชุฐูƒุฑ Autosomal DominantุŒ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ู„ูŠุณ
562
00:57:26,990 --> 00:57:30,690
ูˆุงุญุฏุงู‹ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุชุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง
563
00:57:30,690 --> 00:57:34,370
ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุชุฐูƒุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ุง ุฃุชุฐูƒุฑ Early balding
564
00:57:34,370 --> 00:57:41,850
in menุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตู„ุน ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ุตู„ุน
565
00:57:41,850 --> 00:57:48,550
ู…ุจูƒุฑุงู‹ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Atrophy ูˆุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ CTG
566
00:57:48,550 --> 00:57:56,290
ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ Tri-Nucleotide Repeat ExpansionุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู†
567
00:57:56,290 --> 00:58:00,970
Duchenne Muscular dystrophy ู„ุง ุฃุนุฑู ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุฐุงุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู†
568
00:58:00,970 --> 00:58:08,750
ู„ู€ DuchenneุŒ ู…ูˆุงูู‚
569
00:58:10,650 --> 00:58:17,630
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุชุฐูƒุฑู‡ุŒ CTG ู‡ูˆ Tri-Nucleotide
570
00:58:17,630 --> 00:58:22,350
RepeatุŒ ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Myotonia ูŠุญุฏุซ ู…ุนู‡ู…
571
00:58:22,350 --> 00:58:28,350
ูƒุซูŠุฑุงุŒ ูŠูุตุจุญ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุตู„ุนุŒ ูŠูุตุจุญ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุตู„ุน ูˆูŠุญุฏุซ
572
00:58:28,350 --> 00:58:34,230
ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุตู„ุน ูˆุชุชุฃุซุฑ ุงู„ู€ Gonads ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุจูƒุฑุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ MyotoniaุŒ ูู‡ุฐู‡ "my
573
00:58:34,230 --> 00:58:40,680
otonia type 1"ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุนุŒ ุฃุฌู„ุŒ
574
00:58:40,680 --> 00:58:45,820
ุฃูƒู…ู„ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง MyotoniaุŒ
575
00:58:45,820 --> 00:58:52,340
ุฃุฌู„ุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุงู„ู€ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ ุงู†ุธุฑุŒ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู…ุชุญุงู†ูƒู…
576
00:58:52,340 --> 00:59:04,980
ู…ุนุงู‹ุŒ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถุŒ ูƒู†ุชู ุฃูุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง
577
00:59:04,980 --> 00:59:12,090
ุฃู†ุชู… ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠูƒู… ุฎู„ููŠุฉ ุณุฑูŠุฑูŠุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ
578
00:59:12,090 --> 00:59:18,770
ู„ุฏูŠูƒู… ู‡ูƒุฐุง ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุทุจูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุง ุฏุงุนูŠ ู„ุฏุฎูˆู„
579
00:59:18,770 --> 00:59:26,110
ูƒุซูŠุฑุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ุŒ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ูˆู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ูˆูƒุฐุง
580
00:59:26,110 --> 00:59:29,810
ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุงุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุชุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฃูˆ ุชุญูุธ ู‚ุฏุฑ ู…ุง
581
00:59:29,810 --> 00:59:35,600
ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ู…ุนุฑูุชู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช
582
00:59:35,600 --> 00:59:40,700
ุชุจุนุงุชู‡ุงุŒ ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุŸ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ Fragile X-Syndrome ุฃูˆ
583
00:59:40,700 --> 00:59:47,780
Rett SyndromeุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ RettุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃู†ุง ู„ู… ุฃูƒู†
584
00:59:47,780 --> 00:59:54,080
ุฃุนุฑูู‡ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ุŒ ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ุฃุชุฐูƒุฑู‡ุŒ Sporadic disorder seen
585
00:59:54,080 --> 00:59:58,300
almost exclusively in girlsุŒ
586
00:59:58,300 --> 01:00:03,050
587
01:00:03,050 --> 01:00:07,330
588
01:00:07,330 --> 01:00:13,190
589
01:00:13,190 --> 01:00:13,530
590
01:00:13,530 --> 01:00:14,330
591
01:00:14,330 --> 01:00:15,310
592
01:00:15,310 --> 01:00:22,430
593
01:00:22,430 --> 01:00:27,500
MotorุŒ VerbalุŒ Cognitive
594
01:00:27,500 --> 01:00:30,280
AbilitiesุŒ AtaxiaุŒ SeizuresุŒ Growth
595
01:00:30,280 --> 01:00:34,840
retardationุŒ StereotypiesุŒ Hand-wringingุŒ
596
01:00:34,840 --> 01:00:38,060
Hand-wringingุŒ
597
01:00:38,060 --> 01:00:42,900
RegressionุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุง ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑุŒ Fragile X SyndromeุŒ
598
01:00:42,900 --> 01:00:46,480
ู‡ุฐุง ุฑุจู…ุง ูƒุฑุฑ ูƒุซูŠุฑุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุงูƒุชุดูุช
599
01:00:46,480 --> 01:00:49,980
ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ู‡ุฐุง SyndromeุŒ Fragile XุŒ Fragile ู…ู…ูƒู†
600
01:00:49,980 --> 01:00:57,030
ุงูƒุชุดุงูู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ูู„ู†ุฃุฎุฐู‡ุŒ ุงุณู…ู‡ regressionุŒ ู…ูˆุงูู‚
601
01:00:57,030 --> 01:01:03,610
ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุฑุงุฌุนุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุฃู†ุง ู„ุณุชู
602
01:01:03,610 --> 01:01:08,130
ุทุจูŠุจ ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู€ milestones ู„ู„ุทูู„
603
01:01:08,130 --> 01:01:15,030
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุชู‰ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉุŒ ุฃูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰
604
01:01:15,030 --> 01:01:18,810
ุฃูŠ ู…ุฏุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ milestones ุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ
605
01:01:18,810 --> 01:01:23,640
ู…ุชู‰ ุงู„ุทูู„ ูŠู‚ู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุทู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูˆุถุนุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุธู‡ุฑู‡
606
01:01:23,640 --> 01:01:27,700
ู…ุชู‰ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆุณุŸ ู…ุชู‰ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ุฒุญูุŸ ู…ุชู‰ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆูุŸ
607
01:01:27,700 --> 01:01:32,220
ู…ุชู‰ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุดูŠุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง motor milestones
608
01:01:32,220 --> 01:01:36,980
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช
609
01:01:36,980 --> 01:01:46,700
ุญุฑูƒูŠุฉุŒ ู„ู‡ุง ุชูˆุงุฑูŠุฎ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒุชุณุจู‡ุง ุงู„ุทูู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
610
01:01:46,700 --> 01:01:52,060
ูŠูƒุชุณุจู‡ุงุŒ ู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุทูู„ุงู‹
611
01:01:52,060 --> 01:01:59,080
ูƒุงู† ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ู‚ู„ูˆุจุŒ ู„ู… ูŠุนุฏ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุนุŒ ูƒุงู† ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆุณุŒ ู„ู… ูŠุนุฏ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆุณุŒ
612
01:01:59,080 --> 01:02:03,200
ูƒุงู† ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆูุŒ ู„ู… ูŠุนุฏ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆูุŒ ู„ู… ูŠุนุฏ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุดูŠุŒ ูƒุงู†
613
01:02:03,200 --> 01:02:08,920
ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ุฑูƒุถุŒ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุงุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง Motor SkillsุŒ ุฅุฐุง
614
01:02:08,920 --> 01:02:13,220
ุญุฏุซ ููŠู‡ุง ุชุฑุงุฌุนุŒ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ RegressionุŒ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
615
01:02:13,220 --> 01:02:19,140
ุงู„ู€ VerbalุŒ ุจุฏุฃ ูŠุชูƒู„ู… ุจุงุจุงุŒ ู…ุงู…ุงุŒ ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู†
616
01:02:19,630 --> 01:02:24,010
ุซู… ุจุงุจุงุŒ ุซู… ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุชูƒู„ู… ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช
617
01:02:24,010 --> 01:02:29,9
667
01:07:45,510 --> 01:07:50,730
ุงู„ุดูŠุก ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ูŠุฑูƒุถ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุทุจุงุก
668
01:07:50,730 --> 01:07:54,870
ยซุดูˆ ุฃุนู…ู„ุŸยป ยซุดูˆ ุฃุณูˆูŠุŸยป ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุฏูˆู„ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ
669
01:07:54,870 --> 01:08:00,810
ุจู†ุชุญุฑุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูƒุฏู‡ ูˆู„ุง ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
670
01:08:03,650 --> 01:08:09,090
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅุดูƒุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ุฌุงู†ุจ ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃู†ุช ุดุฎุต ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡
671
01:08:09,090 --> 01:08:13,950
ูƒุจูŠุฑู‹ุง ุจุงู„ุนู…ุฑุŒ ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุณู†ุฉุŒ ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ู„ุฃู† ุฃุจูˆู‡ ู…ุงุช ุนู…ุฑู‡
672
01:08:13,950 --> 01:08:20,990
ุณุชูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุฎู…ุณ ูˆุฎู…ุณูŠู†ุŒ ุจู…ูˆุช ุตุนุจุŒ ุจุงู„ุดู„ู„ุŒ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนุงุดูŠุฉ
673
01:08:20,990 --> 01:08:26,470
ูˆููŠู‡ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ ูุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ: ุทุจ ุฃู†ุง ุดูˆ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฃู† ุฃูƒูˆู†
674
01:08:26,470 --> 01:08:33,610
ุญุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุงุชู‘ุณุงู…ูŒ ุณุงุฆุฏ (dominant) ูŠุนู†ูŠ
675
01:08:33,610 --> 01:08:39,690
ููŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฅุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุชุฒูˆู‘ุฌุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ูŠุฃุฎุฑ ุฒูˆุงุฌู‡ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†
676
01:08:39,690 --> 01:08:45,450
ู…ุง ูŠูŽุฑู’ุฒูู‚ู’ุดุŒ ูŠุฎู„ูุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฎุงุฆู 50% chance ูŠุนุทูŠ ุงู„ุทูู„ุŒ ุฃูˆ
677
01:08:45,450 --> 01:08:58,890
ูŠุฑูˆุญ ูŠุชุญุตู„ุŒ ูŠุนู…ู„ IVFุŒ ูˆูŠุณูˆูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉ: ู‡ู„
678
01:08:58,890 --> 01:09:06,430
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ู…ุตุงุจ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุด ู…ุตุงุจุŸ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู‡ูˆ
679
01:09:06,430 --> 01:09:13,550
ุฃู†ุง ุตุฑุงุญุฉ ุญุงุทู‘ุท ู„ูƒู… ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ Huntington's diseaseุŒ
680
01:09:13,550 --> 01:09:19,190
Myotonic DystrophyุŒ ูˆุญุงุทู‘ุท ู„ูƒู… Friedreich's AtaxiaุŒ
681
01:09:19,190 --> 01:09:23,830
ูˆูƒู…ุงู† Fragile X-SyndromeุŒ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ุŒ mental
682
01:09:23,830 --> 01:09:31,100
deficiencyุŒ ูˆูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุฎู„ู ุนูŽู‚ูŽู„ูŽุŒ Friedreich's
683
01:09:31,100 --> 01:09:36,940
ataxiaุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุชุฐูƒุฑู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจุŒ ุจุชุนุทูŠ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ
684
01:09:36,940 --> 01:09:45,520
ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจุŒ ุจุชุนุทูŠ ุดูˆ ุงุณู…ู‡ุŸ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุฃุฎุฐ ุจุงู„ุนุตุงุจุŒ Upper motor
685
01:09:45,520 --> 01:09:50,200
neuron lesionุŒ Friedreich's ataxia ู…ู† ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ู€
686
01:09:50,200 --> 01:09:54,860
BOTHุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† Upper motor ูˆ Lower motor
687
01:09:54,860 --> 01:10:00,380
neuron lesionุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู†ุงุญูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€ Upper Motor Neuron
688
01:10:00,380 --> 01:10:04,400
lesion ุจูŠุนู…ู„ SpasticityุŒ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ Exaggerated ReflexesุŒ
689
01:10:04,400 --> 01:10:10,480
ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ูƒุฏู‡ุŒ ูุงู„ู€ ูˆุงู„ุนูƒุณุŒ ุงู„ู€ Lower Motor Neuron
690
01:10:10,480 --> 01:10:17,060
lesion ุจุชุนู…ู„ FlaccidityุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช
691
01:10:17,060 --> 01:10:22,980
ุฑุฎูˆุฉุŒ ุฒูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุทูู„ ุฃูˆ ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุงู„ุจูˆู„ูŠูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
692
01:10:22,980 --> 01:10:31,390
ุดู„ู„ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ ูˆุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ Absent ReflexesุŒ ูˆูƒุฏู‡ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุจุชูˆู‚ุนุŒ
693
01:10:31,390 --> 01:10:37,930
ุจุชูˆู‚ุน ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุฏูˆู„ุฉุŒ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ
694
01:10:37,930 --> 01:10:42,390
ุญุงุทุท ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion
695
01:10:42,390 --> 01:10:51,270
DiseaseุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ protein ุฃูˆ ุฌูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุดูŠุก ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€
696
01:10:51,270 --> 01:10:58,330
ุดูˆ ุงุณู…ู‡ุŸ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชู„ูู‘ุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ NucleotidesุŒ
697
01:10:59,130 --> 01:11:05,290
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ู… insertionุŒ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุชุŒ
698
01:11:05,290 --> 01:11:10,930
ุจุชุฎุฑุจ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ูƒุฐุง amino acid ุฃูˆ ูƒุฐุง ุดูŠุกุŒ
699
01:11:10,930 --> 01:11:17,030
ุจุงู„ุญู‚ ู…ุด ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุชูˆู‰ุŒ ุจุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉุŒ
700
01:11:17,030 --> 01:11:21,430
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ sickle cellุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ one nucleotide ุงู„ู„ูŠ
701
01:11:21,430 --> 01:11:28,090
ู…ุชุบูŠุฑ ุณุจุจ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถุŒ ูุงู„ู€ repeats ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุญุงุทุทู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู€ NุŒ
702
01:11:29,560 --> 01:11:35,520
ุฑุงุจุทูŠู† ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุถ ุจู€ ยซCAGยป
703
01:11:35,520 --> 01:11:39,300
ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป
704
01:11:39,300 --> 01:11:41,460
ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป
705
01:11:41,460 --> 01:11:44,640
ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป
706
01:11:44,640 --> 01:11:44,800
ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป
707
01:11:44,800 --> 01:11:46,820
ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป
708
01:11:46,820 --> 01:11:55,940
ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป ยซCAGยป
709
01:11:57,060 --> 01:12:01,580
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดูุชู‡ุง ูˆู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒู… ุฃู† ุชุชุจุนูˆุง
710
01:12:01,580 --> 01:12:07,840
ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Stop codon ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€
711
01:12:07,840 --> 01:12:12,940
ุงู„ู€ tripletsุŒ ุฏูˆู„ุฉุŒ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ Tri-nucleotidesุŒ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ
712
01:12:12,940 --> 01:12:18,000
ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ุดุฑูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃูŠ Stop ููŠู‡ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
713
01:12:18,000 --> 01:12:25,380
Repeats ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ 64 possible tripletsุŒ
714
01:12:25,380 --> 01:12:33,180
ู…ุงุดูŠุŸ ูู‡ุฐูˆู„ุง ุงู„ู€ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุชู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง ูŠุณุงุนุฏูˆูƒู…
715
01:12:33,180 --> 01:12:39,000
ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒู… ุงู„ู€ mnemonics ุชุจุนุชู‡ุงุŒ ูƒูŠู ุชุฑุจุทู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ููŠ
716
01:12:39,000 --> 01:12:43,400
ุงู„ุทุจ ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ
717
01:12:43,400 --> 01:12:47,140
ุงู„ู€ Try
718
01:12:47,140 --> 01:12:52,960
nucleotideุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุจุญุงูˆู„ ุฃุดูˆู: ยซTry hunting for my
719
01:12:52,960 --> 01:13:01,620
fragile cage-free eggยปุŒ XุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุงุชุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ
720
01:13:01,620 --> 01:13:07,400
ุฃุณู„ูˆุจุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆุง ุดูŠุก ูˆุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง ุชุญูุธูˆู‡ุง ุจุชููŠุฏุŒ ุจุชููŠุฏุŒ
721
01:13:07,400 --> 01:13:13,100
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ูƒู†ุช ุจุงู„ู€ Anatomy ุดุงุทุฑุŒ ุงู„ู€ Anatomy ูƒู†ุง
722
01:13:13,100 --> 01:13:16,220
ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุฑุถู‰ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฃุณุงุชุฐุชู†ุงุŒ ุฃูˆ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠูŠู†ุŒ
723
01:13:16,220 --> 01:13:22,240
ูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง ูŠุญูุธูˆู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุชุญุชู‡ุงุŒ ููƒุงู† ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุดูˆ ุฃุณู…ุงุก
724
01:13:22,240 --> 01:13:29,800
ุนุธุงู… ุงู„ู€ ankleุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุตุนุจุŒ ุจุณ ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑุŒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุฑููŽุน
725
01:13:29,800 --> 01:13:34,460
ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆูŠุฑุญู…ู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„: ุชููŠุฏุŒ ูƒู„ุช ูƒุดุฑูŠ ู†ุงุดูุŒ ูˆุซู„ุงุซ
726
01:13:34,460 --> 01:13:42,400
ูƒุชุงูƒูŠุชุŒ ุชุงู„ูˆุณุŒ ูƒุงู„ูƒุงู†ูŠูˆุณุŒ ูƒูˆู†ูŠููˆุฑู…ุŒ ูƒูŠูˆุจูŠููˆุฑู…ุŒ ู…ุด
727
01:13:42,400 --> 01:13:45,900
ุนุงุฑู ุฅูŠุดุŒ ุจุณ ู‡ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ mnemonic
728
01:13:45,900 --> 01:13:52,720
ุชุจุนุชู‡ุงุŒ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุญูุธ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ูˆูƒูˆูŠุณุฉุŒ ูุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงุทุทูŠู†ู‡
729
01:13:52,720 --> 01:14:01,260
ู„ูƒู…ุŒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃุญู…ุฑุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŒ Tri-nucleotide Hunting for My
730
01:14:01,260 --> 01:14:12,520
Fragile Cage-Free Eggs, Myotonic
731
01:14:12,520 --> 01:14:21,100
HuntingุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Tri-nucleotide Hunting ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
732
01:14:21,100 --> 01:14:28,720
HuntingุŒ ููŠ ูƒูˆุฑูŠุงุŒ ุฃูˆ DiseaseุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ MyotoniaุŒ cage
733
01:14:28,720 --> 01:14:35,540
-freeุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ Fragile XุŒ ูˆ FragileุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† FredericksุŒ
734
01:14:35,540 --> 01:14:43,360
ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ุฃูˆ FragileุŒ ู„ู„ุงุซู†ุชูŠู†ุŒ freeุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ Fragile ุฃูˆ
735
01:14:43,360 --> 01:14:52,200
freeุŒ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู freeุŒ FredericksุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌุฒุก ูŠุนู†ูŠ
736
01:14:53,910 --> 01:14:58,090
ู„ู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู€ USMLEุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠู†ุชุจู‡ ู„ู‡ุงุŒ ุฅู†
737
01:14:58,090 --> 01:15:01,410
ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃู…ุฑุงุถุŒ ุงู„ู€ Tri-nucleotide Repeat
738
01:15:01,410 --> 01:15:07,130
Expansion DiseasesุŒ ูˆู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุงุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉุŒ
739
01:15:07,130 --> 01:15:10,990
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุณุชููŠุฏูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ
740
01:15:10,990 --> 01:15:16,550
ูŠุญูุธ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุดูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ repeat ุชุจุนุช ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุถุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฅู†
741
01:15:16,550 --> 01:15:20,810
ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุชุฌูŠุจ ู†ุณุจ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฃุญุณู†ุŒ ูˆุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ
742
01:15:22,890 --> 01:15:28,250
ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€ ู‡ุงู†ุชู†ุบุชูˆู† ูˆุงู„ู€ ู…ุงูŠุชูˆู†ูŠุง ุงุชู‘ุณุงู…ูŒ ุณุงุฆุฏุŒ
743
01:15:28,250 --> 01:15:32,390
dominantุŒ ุฑุฌุงู„ ุงู„ู€ X-syndromeุŒ X-linked dominantุŒ X
744
01:15:32,390 --> 01:15:36,330
-linked dominantุŒ ุงู„ู€ ูุฑูŠุฏุฑูŠูƒุณ ุฃุชุงูƒุณูŠุง ุงุชู‘ุณุงู…ูŒ ู…ุชู†ุญูŠุŒ
745
01:15:36,330 --> 01:15:45,730
recessiveุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉุŒ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญูุธ ู„ุฎูŠุงู‡ู… ุดูˆ ุงู„ู€
746
01:15:45,730 --> 01:15:49,870
tri-nucleotidesุŒ ูุฑูŠุฏุฑูŠูƒุณ ุฃุชุงูƒุณูŠุง attacks ุงู„ู€ gateุŒ
747
01:15:51,270 --> 01:16:00,270
ูู€ GAA ุญุงุทุทู‡ุง ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ Fragile EggsุŒ ShinุŒ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงุŒ
748
01:16:00,270 --> 01:16:06,890
ุงู„ููƒ ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ Giant GonadsุŒ ุงู„ู€ Macro-orchidismุŒ
749
01:16:06,890 --> 01:16:13,250
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ testicles ูƒุจุงุฑุŒ ูู‡ู†ุง CGGุŒ
750
01:16:13,250 --> 01:16:18,850
MyotoniaุŒ ุงู„ู€ CataractุŒ TopeุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ TopeุŒ
751
01:16:18,850 --> 01:16:24,500
ุฃุธู† ุฐูƒุฑุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุงู„ุดุนุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนุงุฑุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
752
01:16:24,500 --> 01:16:31,840
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุตู„ุนุŒ ุฃูˆ ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ ู…ู†ู‡ ู…ุซู„ ุฃุจูŠู‡ุŒ ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ ุฐุงุชุŒ
753
01:16:31,840 --> 01:16:36,720
ุงู„ู€ ุฐุฑูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุฑุงุช ุจูŠุฎุทุฆูˆู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู‚ู†ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ atrophy ุงู„ู€
754
01:16:36,720 --> 01:16:40,900
Huntington DiseaseุŒ ุงู„ู€ Caudate NucleusุŒ ุนูŠุจ ุงู„ู€
755
01:16:40,900 --> 01:16:48,930
brainุŒ ู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง Acetylcholine ูˆู„ุง GABAุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
756
01:16:48,930 --> 01:16:59,070
ุงู„ู€ NeurotransmittersุŒ ููƒูˆุฏูŠุช Acetylcholine GABAุŒ CAGุŒ
757
01:16:59,070 --> 01:17:10,290
ูˆู‡ูŠ Cataract ูˆ Top ูˆ Gonadal AtrophyุŒ CTGุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ
758
01:17:10,290 --> 01:17:12,930
ุฃู†ุง
759
01:17:16,650 --> 01:17:22,290
ุฅุญู†ุง ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุงุก ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ูƒู…ู„ุŒ ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุณุงุณู‹ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ
760
01:17:22,290 --> 01:17:28,070
ุชุฏุฑูŠุณ ุซุงู†ูŠุŒ ูˆุจุถุทุฑ ุฃุชุฑูƒูƒู… ู‡ู„ู‘ุฃุŒ ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡
761
01:17:28,070 --> 01:17:35,470
ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉุŒ ูŠุญุท ุนู„ู‰ group medical geneticsุŒ ูˆุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
762
01:17:35,470 --> 01:17:39,990
ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุงุก ุจู†ูƒู…ู„ุŒ ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠูˆูู‚ูƒู…
763
01:17:43,570 --> 01:17:46,470
ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุง ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑุŒ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉุŒ ุฃู‡ู„ุงู‹ ูˆุณู‡ู„ุงู‹ุŒ ูŠู„ุง
764
01:17:46,470 --> 01:17:48,210
ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู…ุŒ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู