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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡
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ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุนุดุฑ ุฑุญ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰
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anatomy and physiology of the motor system ุงู„
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motor system ู…ู‡ู… ู„ูƒู… ุฌุฏุง ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฑุญ ูŠุชู… ุดุฑุญู‡ ููŠ
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ุฃุณุจูˆุนูŠู† ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ููŠ ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุนุดุฑ ูˆุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
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ููŠ ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุนุดุฑ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ motor system
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what's the components of the motor systemู…ู† ุงูŠุด
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ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ motor systemุŸ ุงูˆู„ ุดูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† cortical
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motor area cortical motor area ูŠุนู†ูŠ primary
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cortical motor area ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ pre central
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gyrus area 4ูˆ secondary motor areaุŒ area ุฑู‚ู… 6
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ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ frontal loop anterior to the precentral
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gyrus and cortical association area ุฏู„ูˆู„ ุดุฆ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู…
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ุนู† ุงู„ cortical motor area ุงุชู†ูŠู† Basal nuclei ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ู‡ูˆ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ extrapyramidal nervous system ู…ุซู„ ุงู„
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butamineglobus pallidus ูƒูˆุฏูŠุช ุฃู…ูŠุฌุฏุงู„ูˆูŠุฏ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ
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ูˆุฅูƒู„ุงูˆุณุฑ ุณูŠุฑูŠุจูŠู„ุง brain
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stem ุฌุฏุงุฏ ุฏู…ุงุบ spinal cord ุฃู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ motor ู„ูŠุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ brain stem ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
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ูู‚ุท motor ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ sensor ุงู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฎุต motor spinal cordุจุฑูŠููŠุฑุงู„ ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ูุงูŠุฑุฒ
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ุจุฑููŠุฑุงู„ ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ู†ูŠุฑู ูุงูŠุฑุฒ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ nerve ููŠู‡ sensory
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fibers ูˆ ููŠู‡ autonomic fibers ุฃู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„
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motor fibers ุงู„ neuromuscular junction ุงู„
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neuromuscular junction and muscle and muscle
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what's
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the components of the extrapyramidal motor system
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Extrapyramidal motor system ุจุฏุฎู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุจูŠุฒุงู„
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ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ ูƒูˆุฏุงุช ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุจูŠูˆุชุงู…ูŠู† ุฌู„ูˆุจุงุณ ุจูŠุถุงุณ
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ูƒู„ุงูˆุณุชุฑูˆู… ุงู…ูŠุฌุฏุงู„ูˆูŠุฏ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ูƒู„ู‡ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุจูŠุฒุงู„
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ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠsubthalamus ุณูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุฏูŠุงู†
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ุณูŠูุฑูˆู†ุŒ ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู† ุฏูŠุงู† ุณูŠูุฑูˆู†ุŸ ุซู„ุงู…ุณุŒ ู‡ูŠุจูˆุซู„ุงู…ุณุŒ
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ุณุจุซู„ุงู…ุณุŒ ู…ูŠุชุงุซู„ุงู…ุณุŒ ุฅูŠุจูŠุซุงู„ุงู…ุณุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„
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subthalamus ุณูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุฏูŠุงู† ุณูŠูุฑูˆู†ุŒ ูˆ
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ุงู„ thalamus ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ู† ุฏูŠุงู† ุณูŠูุฑูˆู†
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Substantia Negra ู‡ูŠ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Extra Pyramidal
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Nervous System ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Midbrain
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Substantia
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Negra ุชูุฑุฒ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุญุฏุซ ู†ู‚ุตููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ
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ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุฑุถ ุงุณู…ู‡ Parkinson
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disease ุงูˆ shaking palsy ู…ุฑุถ ุดูุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุนุงุด ุงูˆ ู…ุฑุถ
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Parkinson Red nucleus ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ middle
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brain ูˆูŠู„ู‡ุง ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ extrapyramidal
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nervous systemclinical correlation of the
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extrapyramidal nervous system ู„ูŠู‡ ู„ู‡ู… ู…ู„ุงู‚ุงุฉ ุจุจุนุถ
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ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุจุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† disease ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ degeneration
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and depigmentation of neurons in the substantia
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nigra ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุจุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† ุฑุงุญ ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ ููŠ ุณู†ุฉ ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ููŠ
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ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉุจูŠุญุฏุซ neurodegenerative changes in the
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substantia nigra ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูุฑุฒ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู†
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ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† Parkinson disease ูŠุนุชุจุฑ it chronic
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slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder
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characterized by loss of pigmented neurons in the
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substantia nigraูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ุงูŠู‡ loss of
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pigmented neurons in substantia negra ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ
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ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุงูŠู‡ ุจุฑุงุฏูŠูƒูŠู†ูŠุฒูŠุง ุงูˆ ู‡ูŠุจูˆูƒูŠู†ูŠุฒูŠุง ุจุชู‚ู
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ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ muscle rigidity breast tremor ุจุณ ุดุบู„
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instability ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ู„ุฅูŠู‡ ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
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Parkinson disease ุงุซู†ูŠู†Huntington's disease ุฃูˆ
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ูƒูˆุฑูŠุฉุชุนุชุจุฑ autosomal dominant ุฃูˆ ุฏุงุฆุฑ ุฑู‚ุต ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
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ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูˆ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ุซู„ ุจุฑู‚ุต ุฏุงุฆุฑ ุฑู‚ุต autosomal dominant
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movement disorder associated with severe
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degeneration of the cholinergic and GABAergic
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neurons ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุงุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ GABAู‡ูˆ
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ุจุงู„ ูƒูˆู„ูŠู†ูŠุฑุฌูŠูƒ ุชู…ุงู… which are located in the
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caudate nucleus and butamine ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
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ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ูƒูˆุฑูŠุฉ and dementia and dementia ูˆู†ุชุฌ ุนู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
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degeneration ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠู†ูŠุฑุฌูŠูƒ ูˆุงู„ู‚ุนุจุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุนุจุฉ
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amino biotic acid
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ุจุงู„ูŠุฒู…ุณ ุฃูˆ ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุจุงู„ูŠุฒู…ุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุดูŠุก ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุดูˆูู‡ ููŠ
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ุญุงู„ุงุช ischemic infarction ู„ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ischemic
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infarction ููŠ ุดูŠุก ุงุณู…ู‡ Lewis body ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
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ููŠ ุงู„ subthalamus ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ูŠุฒู…ุณ ุฃูˆ
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hemibalism involuntary movementููŠ ู…ูˆุงุถุน ุขุฎุฑ
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Hepatolenticular Degeneration ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ูˆูŠู„ุณูˆู†
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ุฏูŠุฒูŠุฒ ู…ุฑุถ ูˆูŠู„ุณูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุณู…ูˆู‡ Hepatolenticular
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Degeneration ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูุฑ ูˆุจูŠุตูŠุจ ุงู„ุจูŠุฒุง
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ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ ู„ูŠู†ุชูŠููˆุฑ ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุจูŠุญุฏุซ accumulation of
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copper ูˆุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุงุณู…ู‡
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ุงู„ceruloplasmin ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ceruloplasmin ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ
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mutation ุฃูˆ ุชุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ recessive diseaseูˆ
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ุณูŠุฑูˆู„ูู„ุงุฒู…ูŠู† ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ binding ู…ุน ุงู„ู‚ุจุฑ ุชุชุญุฏ
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00:07:15,080 --> 00:07:18,380
ู…ุน ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ูˆ ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌูˆุง ู…ุนู‡ ุงู„ุจุนูˆุถ ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌูˆุง ู…ุนู‡ ุนุตุงุฑุฉ
84
00:07:18,380 --> 00:07:25,280
ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฑู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุงู† ููŠ mutation ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
85
00:07:25,280 --> 00:07:32,560
enzyme ุจูŠุญุฏุซ block ูˆ ุนุฏู… ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ู…ุน ุงู„ู‚ุจุฑ
86
00:07:32,560 --> 00:07:36,900
ูˆ ุจูŠุญุฏุซ accumulation ู„ู„ู‚ุจุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ body ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุจุฑ ุฑุงุญ
87
00:07:36,900 --> 00:07:40,560
ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ liver ูˆ ุงู„ base ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ other
88
00:07:40,560 --> 00:07:45,660
organs type
89
00:07:45,660 --> 00:07:50,490
of body movementsุงู„ุงู† ุงูŠุด ุงู„ body movements ููŠ
90
00:07:50,490 --> 00:07:56,190
autonomous ุงูˆ reflex movement ุงู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ ุญุฑูƒุงุช
91
00:07:56,190 --> 00:07:59,370
reflex ุจุฏูˆู† ุฅุฑุงุฏุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† ุฅุฑุงุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡
92
00:07:59,370 --> 00:08:05,410
involuntary movement ุงูˆ postural without ุงูˆ ุงูˆ
93
00:08:05,410 --> 00:08:08,970
ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ withdrawal reflex withdrawal reflex ูŠุนู†ูŠ
94
00:08:08,970 --> 00:08:14,890
ุงู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุง .. ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุฑูƒุงุช ู„ุง ุฅุฑุงุฏูŠุฉ
95
00:08:14,890 --> 00:08:21,730
ุญุฑูƒุงุช ู„ุง ุฅุฑุงุฏูŠุฉูˆููŠ rhythmic voluntary movement ู…ุซู„
96
00:08:21,730 --> 00:08:25,730
ุงู„ chewing ูˆ walking ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุฑูƒุงุช ุฅุฑุงุฏูŠุฉ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฃ
97
00:08:25,730 --> 00:08:30,490
ุงุชุญุฑูƒ ุงุชุญุฑูƒ ู…ุดูŠุช ูˆู‚ูุช ุฎู„ุงุต ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ voluntary
98
00:08:30,490 --> 00:08:39,290
movement ุงู†ุง ุจุชุญูƒู… ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช the
99
00:08:39,290 --> 00:08:43,990
anterior horn cells ููŠ ุงู„ spinal cord ููŠ anterior
100
00:08:43,990 --> 00:08:48,820
horn cellsู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ anterior horn cells ุงู„ู€ main
101
00:08:48,820 --> 00:08:53,940
function ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง motor main function ู„ู‡ุง motor ุงู„ู€
102
00:08:53,940 --> 00:08:57,900
anterior horn cells consist of motor cells ูŠุจู‚ู‰
103
00:08:57,900 --> 00:09:02,360
ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูŠู‡ุŸ motor cells ุงู„ู€ anterior horn cells
104
00:09:02,360 --> 00:09:09,840
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง medial group nuclei central group
105
00:09:09,840 --> 00:09:16,670
nucleiand lateral group nuclei ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑูŠูˆ
106
00:09:16,670 --> 00:09:21,370
ุงู„ู‡ูˆุฑูˆู† ุณูŠู„ุฒ ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุงู… ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงู„ูŠ ุฌุฑูˆุจ
107
00:09:21,370 --> 00:09:29,390
central group and lateral group ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงู„ูŠ
108
00:09:29,390 --> 00:09:35,890
ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงู„ูŠ ุฌุฑูˆุจ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ูƒู„ spinal cordุฃุถุงุก
109
00:09:35,890 --> 00:09:39,630
ุงู„ mediary group ููŠ ุงู„ thoracic segment ุจู†ุฌุณู…ู‡
110
00:09:39,630 --> 00:09:45,150
ู„ventromedial and dorsomedial ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู†
111
00:09:45,150 --> 00:09:51,630
ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ trunk supply the muscle of trunk ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ููŠ
112
00:09:51,630 --> 00:09:57,010
ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงูŠู‡ ู„ู„ trunkุŸ Central group ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ
113
00:09:57,010 --> 00:10:04,330
ุงู„ upper cervical part ููŠ C1 ูˆ C4ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
114
00:10:04,330 --> 00:10:10,090
ุจูŠุนุทูˆุง fibers ู„ู€ pharynx nerve ูˆ spinal accessory
115
00:10:10,090 --> 00:10:14,010
nerve ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู† pharynx nerve
116
00:10:14,010 --> 00:10:18,870
ู„ุฏูŠ ุฃูุฑุงุฏ ูˆ spinal accessory nerve ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุบุฏู‰
117
00:10:18,870 --> 00:10:24,070
trapezius muscle and sternocleidomastoid muscle
118
00:10:24,070 --> 00:10:30,320
lateral groupู…ู† ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู€Ventral Lateral ูˆDorsal
119
00:10:30,320 --> 00:10:33,940
Lateral ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ lower cervical ููŠ ุงู„
120
00:10:33,940 --> 00:10:39,560
lumber ููŠ ุงู„ upper segment of sacral ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู†
121
00:10:39,560 --> 00:10:46,720
ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุนู† ุงู„ upper ูˆ lower limb muscle ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ medial
122
00:10:46,720 --> 00:10:50,200
group muscle ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ trunk ูˆ ุงู„ abdominal
123
00:10:50,200 --> 00:10:55,630
muscleCentral group ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† Pharynx ุฃูˆ
124
00:10:55,630 --> 00:10:59,010
Diaphragmatic nerve ูˆ Spinal accessory nerve
125
00:10:59,010 --> 00:11:03,010
ุจูŠุบุฏูˆุง ุงู„ Diaphragm ูˆ Trapezius muscle ูˆ
126
00:11:03,010 --> 00:11:08,870
Sternocleidomastoid muscle ูˆ Lateral group ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู†
127
00:11:08,870 --> 00:11:13,910
ุฌุณู…ู‡ ู„ูŠู‡ ุฌุณู…ูŠู† Dorsolateral ูˆ Ventrolateral ู‡ุฐูˆู„
128
00:11:13,910 --> 00:11:17,270
ุจูŠุบุฏูˆู† ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู† ุงู„ Upper ูˆ Lower limb muscles
129
00:11:19,990 --> 00:11:24,530
rule the spinal cord in motor function ุงูŠุด ูˆุธูŠูุฉ
130
00:11:24,530 --> 00:11:27,530
ุงู„ spinal cord ุงูŠุด ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ anterior horn
131
00:11:27,530 --> 00:11:35,090
cells ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ spinal cord ููŠ motor neurons
132
00:11:35,090 --> 00:11:38,970
ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุงู„ motor neurons ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„
133
00:11:38,970 --> 00:11:44,250
anterior horn cells ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ main function of the
134
00:11:44,250 --> 00:11:52,040
anterior horn cells is motor functionููŠ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู†
135
00:11:52,040 --> 00:11:58,460
ุงู„ู€ neurons ููŠ Alpha Motoneuron ูˆููŠ Gamma
136
00:11:58,460 --> 00:12:05,510
Motoneuron Alpha Motoneuronit is large type ูŠุนู†ูŠ
137
00:12:05,510 --> 00:12:10,190
give rise to large type a alpha motoneuron fibers
138
00:12:10,190 --> 00:12:15,330
ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู† stimulation of the muscle fibers
139
00:12:15,330 --> 00:12:20,430
ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ alpha motoneuron ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„
140
00:12:20,430 --> 00:12:25,110
large type a alpha ูˆุจูŠุบุฏุฆู†ุง ูˆู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุนู†
141
00:12:25,110 --> 00:12:30,380
stimulation of muscle fibers ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠGamma
142
00:12:30,380 --> 00:12:35,820
Motoneuron Gamma Motoneuron ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน
143
00:12:35,820 --> 00:12:43,040
small of type A Gamma ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ู… control the muscle
144
00:12:43,040 --> 00:12:46,040
tone ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ small fibers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„
145
00:12:46,040 --> 00:12:51,240
regulation of muscle tone ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ large fibers ุงู„ู„ูŠ
146
00:12:51,240 --> 00:12:56,300
ุจูŠุฌูˆุง ู…ู† Alpha Motoneuron ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจ stimulation
147
00:12:56,300 --> 00:13:01,660
of muscle fibersูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูˆู„ ู†ูˆุน ู…ูˆุชูˆ ู†ูŠุฑูˆู†ุฒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู†
148
00:13:01,660 --> 00:13:08,660
ููŠ ุงู†ุชุฑูŠูˆ ู‡ูˆุฑ ุณูŠู„ุฒุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ Inter neurons
149
00:13:08,660 --> 00:13:15,400
Inter neurons ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… Intermediate Intermediate
150
00:13:15,400 --> 00:13:19,480
neurons ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ Inter neurons ุงูˆ ุงู„ Intermediate
151
00:13:19,480 --> 00:13:24,520
neurons ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† between the sensory
152
00:13:24,520 --> 00:13:28,740
neurons and motor ุจูŠู† ุงู„ sensory ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุชุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
153
00:13:28,740 --> 00:13:36,220
ุจู„ุบุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุจูŠู†ุจุณุชูŠุฑูŠูˆุฑ ู‡ูˆุฑ ุณูŠู„ุฒ ูˆุงู†ุชูŠุฑูŠูˆุฑ
154
00:13:36,220 --> 00:13:40,940
ู‡ูˆุฑ ุณูŠู„ุฒ ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ู…ุŸ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
155
00:13:40,940 --> 00:13:45,820
ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ุฑูู„ูŠูƒุณ ุณูŠู†ุชุฑ ู…ุซู„ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุงู†ุชุฑ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงุช
156
00:13:45,820 --> 00:13:49,640
ุงูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ูู†ุชุฑุงู„ ูˆ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุณู„ ู‡ูˆุฑุณ ุงูˆ
157
00:13:49,640 --> 00:13:54,400
ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฑูŠูˆุฑ ุจุณุชูŠุฑูŠูˆุฑ ู‡ูˆุฑุณ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ
158
00:13:55,560 --> 00:13:59,920
Excitatory for Integrative Function of the Spinal
159
00:13:59,920 --> 00:14:05,380
Cord ูŠุนุชุจุฑู‡ Integrative Function ุฃูˆ Reflex Center
160
00:14:05,380 --> 00:14:07,480
ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ู… Reflex Center
161
00:14:26,330 --> 00:14:29,810
ุจุงู„ motor fibers ุชุนู…ู„ contraction of the muscle
162
00:14:29,810 --> 00:14:34,750
ูˆุจูŠุญุธู ุนู†ู‡ุง reflex ู„ุงุฒู…
163
00:14:34,750 --> 00:14:39,630
ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุดูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ pyramidal attract ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆ
164
00:14:39,630 --> 00:14:44,930
pyramidal attractุŸ pyramidal attract contains
165
00:14:44,930 --> 00:14:50,710
about one million nerve fibers ููŠ one million
166
00:14:50,710 --> 00:14:57,430
nerve fibersit is the longest nerve fibers in the
167
00:14:57,430 --> 00:15:02,750
body ูˆ ุฃุทูˆู„ nerve fibers ุฃูˆ ุฃุทูˆู„ tract ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู‡ูˆ
168
00:15:02,750 --> 00:15:07,490
ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ tract ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุจุจุฏุฃุŸ ุงู„ origin
169
00:15:07,490 --> 00:15:12,560
ุจุชุงุนู‡ ุจุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุจุช ุงู„ cellsู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
170
00:15:12,560 --> 00:15:17,160
internal pyramidal layer ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูŠ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ
171
00:15:17,160 --> 00:15:21,420
ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ cortex ููŠ ุงู„ internal pyramidal
172
00:15:21,420 --> 00:15:25,240
layer ู…ู† ุงูŠุด ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ cortex ููŠ ุงู„histology ุจุชูƒูˆู†
173
00:15:25,240 --> 00:15:31,300
ู…ู† six layers ุงูˆู„ layer molecular layer ุซุงู†ูŠ layer
174
00:15:31,300 --> 00:15:38,020
external granular layer ุซุงู„ุซExternal Pyramidal
175
00:15:38,020 --> 00:15:44,240
Layer ุฑุงุจุน Internal Granular Layer ุฎุงู…ุณ Ganglionic
176
00:15:44,240 --> 00:15:48,400
Layers ุฃูˆ Internal Pyramidal Layer ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Internal
177
00:15:48,400 --> 00:15:53,260
Pyramidal Layer ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุจุซุณู„ุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู† ุงูˆ
178
00:15:53,260 --> 00:15:57,660
ู‡ู… ูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆุง ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ Pyramidal Retract ูˆุขุฎุฑ ุดูŠ
179
00:15:57,660 --> 00:16:02,920
Multiform Layers ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ layers ู‡ู… layers of
180
00:16:02,920 --> 00:16:04,560
cerebral cortex
181
00:16:07,390 --> 00:16:11,550
ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ cortex ุณุฑุงุญุชู„ูƒู…
182
00:16:11,550 --> 00:16:20,590
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ููŠ
183
00:16:20,590 --> 00:16:32,450
ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ูƒุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุชุญุช ุงู„
184
00:16:32,450 --> 00:16:38,360
upper limbs ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑ ูˆุงู„ lower limbs ููˆู‚ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„
185
00:16:38,360 --> 00:16:42,440
upper one third ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ lower limbs ููŠ ุงู„ middle
186
00:16:42,440 --> 00:16:47,740
one third ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ upper limbs ูˆ ุงู„ trunk ููŠ ุงู„
187
00:16:47,740 --> 00:16:55,810
lower one third ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ head ูˆ ุงู„ neckู‡ุฐุง ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
188
00:16:55,810 --> 00:17:00,210
somatotopy cortical somatotopy ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฃุฌุงู„
189
00:17:00,210 --> 00:17:05,010
ุงู„ุชูŠูˆู…ุบ ููŠ ุงู„ upper part ุจูŠุญุฏุซ weakness ููŠ ุงู„
190
00:17:05,010 --> 00:17:08,370
opposite lower limb ููŠ ุงู„ middle ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ upper limb
191
00:17:08,370 --> 00:17:12,170
ููŠ ุงู„ lower part ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ face ูˆ ุงู„ head okay
192
00:17:12,170 --> 00:17:19,460
ู…ู„ุงุญุธูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ sensory area ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ motor areaูˆูŠู† ุงู„
193
00:17:19,460 --> 00:17:23,200
lower limbsุŸ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููˆู‚ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจูŠุฌูŠู‡ุด ุงู„ upper limbs
194
00:17:23,200 --> 00:17:26,540
ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจูŠุฌูŠู‡ ุงู„ head ูˆ ุงู„ neck ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ sensor ู†ูุณ
195
00:17:26,540 --> 00:17:30,960
ุงู„ุดูŠุก ููŠ ุงู„ motor ู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ upper limb ู‡ู†ุง lower
196
00:17:30,960 --> 00:17:34,360
limb ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ upper part ููŠ ุงู„ middle part ุงู„
197
00:17:34,360 --> 00:17:37,040
upper limbs ูˆ ุงู„ head ููŠ ุงู„ lower part ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ
198
00:17:37,040 --> 00:17:40,920
ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ face ู‡ูŠ ู‡ู… ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ
199
00:17:40,920 --> 00:17:48,420
lower limbs upper limbs ูˆ trunk ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ head ูˆ ุงู„
200
00:17:48,420 --> 00:17:56,560
faceู‡ูƒุฐุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cerebral cortex
201
00:17:56,560 --> 00:18:05,220
ุงู„ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠ
202
00:18:05,220 --> 00:18:12,260
ุฏู‡ ุงู„ tract ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ tract ู†ุฑุณู…ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุฎุทุทู‡ ู…ุน
203
00:18:12,260 --> 00:18:12,620
ุจุนุถ
204
00:18:19,940 --> 00:18:28,040
ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจูŠุฑุงู…ุฏุงู„
205
00:18:28,040 --> 00:18:31,680
track
206
00:18:31,680 --> 00:18:35,480
ุจูŠุฑุงู…ุฏุงู„
207
00:18:35,480 --> 00:18:43,440
track ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุณู… ู„ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ุณู… ู„ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ุงูˆู„
208
00:18:43,440 --> 00:18:49,180
ู‚ุณู… ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ cortico spinal
209
00:18:52,560 --> 00:19:00,180
ุงู„ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠูƒูˆ
210
00:19:00,180 --> 00:19:09,200
ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุฑ ุชุฑุงูƒุช ุงูˆ ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠูƒูˆ ุจุงู„ุจุฑ
211
00:19:17,420 --> 00:19:21,860
ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠูƒูˆ spinal tract ูˆุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
212
00:19:21,860 --> 00:19:24,200
ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠูƒูˆ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุฑ ุฃูˆ ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠูƒูˆ ุจู„ุจุฑ
213
00:19:35,420 --> 00:19:41,380
ุงู„ู€ Corticonuclear tract ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ูˆ Corticospinal
214
00:19:41,380 --> 00:19:47,400
tract ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงุณู…ู‡ Corticonuclear tract
215
00:19:47,400 --> 00:19:51,420
Corticonuclear tract ุงูŠู‡ ุฑุงุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงูŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
216
00:19:51,420 --> 00:20:01,180
Corticonuclear tractุŸ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง fibers ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ุงู†ุชุฑูŠูˆ
217
00:20:02,580 --> 00:20:11,160
ู‡ูˆ cells in the spinal cord ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุณู…ูˆ Cortico-H
218
00:20:11,160 --> 00:20:14,820
spinal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ cortex ูˆ ุจู†ุชู‡ูŠ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„
219
00:20:14,820 --> 00:20:21,840
spinal ุทุจ ูˆ Cortico ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง fibers ู„ู…ู†ุŸ
220
00:20:21,840 --> 00:20:28,040
to motor nuclei
221
00:20:28,040 --> 00:20:31,760
in the brain stem
222
00:20:35,500 --> 00:20:47,520
ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ of cranial nerve of cranial
223
00:20:47,520 --> 00:20:52,340
nerve in
224
00:20:52,340 --> 00:21:00,060
the brain ุงู„ุณู… ุชู…ุงู…
225
00:21:04,430 --> 00:21:14,250
Corticospinal tract ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ู„ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† Lateral
226
00:21:14,250 --> 00:21:17,970
Corticospinal
227
00:21:17,970 --> 00:21:25,810
tract ูˆ Ventral Corticospinal
228
00:21:25,810 --> 00:21:26,470
tract
229
00:21:30,280 --> 00:21:34,280
ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† lateral corticospinal tract and
230
00:21:34,280 --> 00:21:37,540
ventral corticospinal tract lateral corticospinal
231
00:21:37,540 --> 00:21:43,300
tract supply supply
232
00:21:43,300 --> 00:21:52,420
the upper limbs and lower limbs ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ ventral
233
00:21:52,420 --> 00:21:57,500
corticospinal tract supply ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
234
00:22:04,260 --> 00:22:09,520
trunk and abdominal
235
00:22:09,520 --> 00:22:14,980
muscle ูŠุจู‚ู‰
236
00:22:14,980 --> 00:22:19,620
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ ventral tract ุฃูˆ ventral
237
00:22:19,620 --> 00:22:21,880
corticospinal tract ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ respiratory
238
00:22:21,880 --> 00:22:25,640
ุนู† ุงูŠู‡ respiratory muscle ู‚ุงู„ cortico
239
00:22:28,610 --> 00:22:31,350
Bulbar tract ุฑุงุญ ูŠู†ู‚ุณู… ู„ .. ุงูˆ corticonuclear
240
00:22:31,350 --> 00:22:36,590
tract ุฑุงุญ ูŠู†ู‚ุณู… ู„ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ุณู…
241
00:22:36,590 --> 00:22:43,930
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงุณู…ู‡ lateral ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก corticonuclear tract
242
00:22:43,930 --> 00:22:50,030
ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ medial corticonuclear
243
00:22:50,030 --> 00:22:56,630
tract ุงู„ medial corticonuclear tract ุณู‡ู„ supply
244
00:22:59,180 --> 00:23:07,700
ุฃูˆ give fibers to
245
00:23:07,700 --> 00:23:20,300
ocular nuclei ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ูˆุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ูˆุงู„ุณุงุฏุณ
246
00:23:20,300 --> 00:23:22,560
from
247
00:23:26,510 --> 00:23:31,150
both cerebral hemisphere ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ media ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠูƒูˆ
248
00:23:31,150 --> 00:23:33,990
ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุฑ ุชุฑูŠุงูƒุช ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุงู„ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุฑ ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ ุงูˆูƒู„ุงู…ูˆุชุฑ
249
00:23:33,990 --> 00:23:37,310
ูˆ ุชุฑูˆูƒู„ูŠุง ูˆ ุงู„ุงุจุฏูˆุณู†ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ both side ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู„ู‰
250
00:23:37,310 --> 00:23:39,450
ุงู„ right ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ left ูˆ ุงู„ left ุจูŠุนุทูŠ right left
251
00:23:39,450 --> 00:23:42,630
ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุฑ of ุงูˆูƒู„ุงู…ูˆุชุฑ ุชุฑูˆูƒู„ูŠุง ูˆ
252
00:23:42,630 --> 00:23:46,110
ุงู„ุงุจุฏูˆุณู†ุช ุจูŠุงุฎุฏู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ both cerebral hemisphere ุทุจ
253
00:23:46,110 --> 00:23:52,590
ุงู„ lateral ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠูƒูˆ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุฑ ุชุฑูŠุงูƒุช ุจูŠุนุทูŠ
254
00:23:52,590 --> 00:23:53,750
ู„ุงู„ู…ูˆุชุฑ
255
00:23:55,610 --> 00:24:04,570
Nuclei of Trigeminal
256
00:24:04,570 --> 00:24:09,750
nerve Dorsal
257
00:24:09,750 --> 00:24:17,170
facial nerve Glucopharyngeal,
258
00:24:17,770 --> 00:24:22,490
vagus ูˆ cranial accessory ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู…ุจูŠุบุงุณ
259
00:24:22,490 --> 00:24:23,010
ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ
260
00:24:29,020 --> 00:24:36,020
cranial accessory from both cerebral hemisphere
261
00:24:36,020 --> 00:24:46,500
and ูˆุจูŠุนุทูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† two ventral nucleus
262
00:24:46,500 --> 00:24:55,440
of facial nerve ูุงุตู„ุฉ ูˆhypoglossal nerve
263
00:24:55,440 --> 00:24:57,680
hypoglossal nucleus
264
00:25:01,760 --> 00:25:07,360
only from opposite side
265
00:25:12,120 --> 00:25:17,500
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุดุฑุญู†ุง ู„ูƒู… ู…ุฎุทุท ุจุชุงุน ุจูŠุฑุงู…ุฏุงู„ ุฅุชุฑุงูƒุช ุดุฑุญู†ุง
266
00:25:17,500 --> 00:25:21,220
ู„ูƒู… ู…ุฎุทุท ุจุชุงุน ุจูŠุฑุงู…ุฏุงู„ ุฅุชุฑุงูƒุช ู‡ู†ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุณ ู…ุด ูˆุงุถุญ
267
00:25:21,220 --> 00:25:24,900
ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุตูˆุฑุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุฑุณู…ู†ุง
268
00:25:24,900 --> 00:25:28,620
ู„ูƒูˆุง ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ูˆุฎุทุทุชูˆุง ู„ูƒู… ุงู„ ุจูŠุฑุงู…ุฏุงู„ ุฅุชุฑุงูƒุช ุจู†ู‚ุณู…
269
00:25:28,620 --> 00:25:34,140
ู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ corticospinal tractูˆุฌุฒุก ุซุงู†ูŠ
270
00:25:34,140 --> 00:25:36,600
Corticobulbar ุงูˆ Corticonuclear tract
271
00:25:36,600 --> 00:25:39,740
Corticospinal tract ูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุชูƒุณ ูˆูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ููŠ
272
00:25:39,740 --> 00:25:44,060
spinal cord ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠ fibers ู„ู„ุงู†ุชุฑุงู„ ูˆุญุณู„ ููŠ
273
00:25:44,060 --> 00:25:49,540
spinal cord ูˆ Corticobulbar tract ุจูŠุนุทูŠ fibers to
274
00:25:49,540 --> 00:25:53,760
motor nuclei of the cranial nerves in the brain
275
00:25:53,760 --> 00:25:58,860
stem in the brain stem okay Corticospinal tract
276
00:25:58,860 --> 00:26:05,610
ุจู†ู‚ุณู… ู„ู‚ุณู…ูŠู†Lateral corticospinal tract ุจูŠู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„
277
00:26:05,610 --> 00:26:11,190
lateral column of spinal cord ูˆ ุจูŠุบุถูŠ ุงู„ upper ูˆ
278
00:26:11,190 --> 00:26:16,070
lower limbsูˆventral corticospinal tract supply
279
00:26:16,070 --> 00:26:21,730
trunk and abdominal muscle ุจู…ุงุฑ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ventral
280
00:26:21,730 --> 00:26:25,870
column of spinal cord ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ Corticobulbar tract
281
00:26:25,870 --> 00:26:31,490
ุจู†ู‚ุณู… ู„ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† lateral corticonuclear tract and
282
00:26:31,490 --> 00:26:36,270
medial corticonuclear tract ุงู„ medial
283
00:26:36,270 --> 00:26:37,810
corticonuclear tract
284
00:26:47,600 --> 00:26:50,800
ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุฑุงุช ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุจุฑู‡ูŠู† ุงู„ุณู… ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ
285
00:26:50,800 --> 00:26:53,640
ุงูˆ ุงูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงูˆ ุงูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงูˆ ุงูˆูƒูˆู„ุง
286
00:26:53,640 --> 00:26:55,860
ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงูˆ ุงูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงูˆ ุงูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงูˆ
287
00:26:55,860 --> 00:26:57,280
ุงูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงูˆ ุงูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงูˆ ุงูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ
288
00:26:57,280 --> 00:26:58,920
ุงูˆ ุงูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงูˆ ุงูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง
289
00:26:58,920 --> 00:27:04,480
ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง
290
00:27:04,480 --> 00:27:05,610
ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูˆุงู„ู€
291
00:27:05,610 --> 00:27:09,190
left ุจูŠู‚ูˆุท left ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ูˆุท right ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ nucleus
292
00:27:09,190 --> 00:27:14,030
ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ motor nuclei of the ocular nerve received
293
00:27:14,030 --> 00:27:17,950
fibers from the corticonuclear tract ุฃูŠู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ
294
00:27:17,950 --> 00:27:22,530
ููŠู‡ู…ุŸ from the medial corticonuclear tract from
295
00:27:22,530 --> 00:27:27,020
both cerebral hemispheresู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู€ lateral
296
00:27:27,020 --> 00:27:31,700
corticonuclear tract give motor fibers ู„ู…ู†ุŸ
297
00:27:31,700 --> 00:27:37,140
ู„ู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ of the cranial nerves ู…ู† ู‡ู…ุง ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ
298
00:27:37,140 --> 00:27:41,140
ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู€ trigeminal nerve ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู€
299
00:27:41,140 --> 00:27:45,820
dorsal nucleus ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ facial nerve ุฃู…ุจูŠุบุงุณ
300
00:27:45,820 --> 00:27:49,040
ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ glossopharyngeal ูˆ Vegas ูˆ
301
00:27:49,040 --> 00:27:53,000
cranial accessoryfrom both cerebral and cerebral
302
00:27:53,000 --> 00:27:56,220
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ right lateral ุจูŠุนุทูŠ right left right left
303
00:27:56,220 --> 00:28:02,260
ุทูŠุจ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ventral nucleus of facial
304
00:28:02,260 --> 00:28:07,300
nerve ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ lower quadrant of the face
305
00:28:08,160 --> 00:28:10,640
ูˆุจูŠุนุชุจุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ hypoglossal nucleus ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ู€
306
00:28:10,640 --> 00:28:15,880
hypoglossal nerve only from up this side ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
307
00:28:15,880 --> 00:28:19,740
ventral nucleus ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ facial nerve ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„
308
00:28:19,740 --> 00:28:24,810
ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†ูˆุงู„ู€ hypoglossal nucleus ุจุชุงุนุช ุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
309
00:28:24,810 --> 00:28:31,030
ุนุดุฑ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุจุณ ุชุงุฎุฏ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ left lateral
310
00:28:31,030 --> 00:28:34,490
corticonuclear ุชุงุฎุฏุด ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ both cerebral ุงู„ู„ูŠ
311
00:28:34,490 --> 00:28:37,970
ู…ุตูŠุฑุŒ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ one sideุŒ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ one
312
00:28:37,970 --> 00:28:38,610
side
313
00:28:42,830 --> 00:28:46,430
ู‡ูŠูˆ ุงู„ pyramidal tract ุงู„ุขู† ุฑุงุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุณู‡ู„ ู„ูƒู… ุงู„
314
00:28:46,430 --> 00:28:53,150
pyramidal tract is a bundle of motoneur fibers it
315
00:28:53,150 --> 00:28:57,370
begins in the cerebral cortex ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„
316
00:28:57,370 --> 00:29:01,190
cerebral cortex ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุณู…ูˆู‡ corticospinal
317
00:29:01,190 --> 00:29:05,130
corticobulbar ุงูˆ corticonuclear ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ
318
00:29:05,130 --> 00:29:09,810
ู…ู† ุงู„ cortex ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ cortex ูˆุจูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠIt
319
00:29:09,810 --> 00:29:19,370
ends in anterior horn cells of spinal cord ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠูƒูˆ
320
00:29:19,370 --> 00:29:22,730
ุณุจุงูŠู†ุงู„ ุชุฑูƒุช
321
00:29:25,430 --> 00:29:30,690
ูˆุฎู„ุต ููŠ ุงู„ motor nuclei of the cranial nerves in
322
00:29:30,690 --> 00:29:35,670
the brainstem ุงุณู…ู‡ corticonuclear ุงูˆ corticobulbar
323
00:29:35,670 --> 00:29:40,670
retract ูŠุจู‚ู‰ cortico ุงูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ retract ู†ู‚ุณู… ู„ูƒ
324
00:29:40,670 --> 00:29:46,120
ุงุณู…ูŠู†Corticospinal tract and Corticonuclear tract
325
00:29:46,120 --> 00:29:51,340
Corticospinal tract ุจู†ู‚ุณู… ู…ู† ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ุญุณุจ ูˆูŠู† ู…ุฑ ุฅู„ู‰
326
00:29:51,340 --> 00:29:55,360
lateral corticospinal tract ุจู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ lateral
327
00:29:55,360 --> 00:29:59,500
column of spinal cord and ventral ุงูˆ anterior
328
00:29:59,500 --> 00:30:04,160
corticospinal tract ุจู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ ventral column of
329
00:30:04,160 --> 00:30:09,040
spinal cord ุงู…ุง corticonuclear tract ุฑุงุญ ู†ู…ุฑ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ
330
00:30:09,760 --> 00:30:16,020
ู„ู„ุจุฑุงูŠู† ุงุณุชู…ุฑูˆุง ูˆูŠู†ู‚ุณู… ู„ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ู„ lateral and medial
331
00:30:16,020 --> 00:30:22,620
corticonuclear tract ุงู„ุงู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุดูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ upper
332
00:30:22,620 --> 00:30:28,020
motoneuron ุณู…ุนุช ููŠู‡ ุงู„ upper motoneuron system ุงู„
333
00:30:28,020 --> 00:30:31,700
upper motoneuron system ู‡ุฐุง ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰
334
00:30:31,700 --> 00:30:34,380
corticospinal tract ุงูˆ corticonuclear tract ูŠุนู†ูŠ
335
00:30:34,380 --> 00:30:39,000
ุงู„ corticospinal tractูˆ corticonuclear tract ุฅุฐุง
336
00:30:39,000 --> 00:30:42,480
ุญุฏุซ ููŠู‡ู… ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ upper motor neuron lesion
337
00:30:42,480 --> 00:30:47,400
ูŠุนู†ูŠ damage of corticospinal tract or
338
00:30:47,400 --> 00:30:52,940
corticonuclear tract leads to upper motor neuron
339
00:30:52,940 --> 00:30:56,980
lesion ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู„ damage ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ ุชุบูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ ู…ุฑุถ
340
00:30:56,980 --> 00:31:00,260
ุจูŠุตูŠุจ ุงู„ corticospinal tract ุฃูˆ corticonuclear
341
00:31:00,260 --> 00:31:07,530
tract ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ upper motor neuron lesionูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ
342
00:31:07,530 --> 00:31:11,030
ูŠุนุชุจุฑ super spinal lesion ุงูˆ ุงุฐุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
343
00:31:11,030 --> 00:31:15,050
corticonuclear tract super nuclear lesion ุงูŠุด ุงู„
344
00:31:15,050 --> 00:31:18,030
function ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุนุจุฑ ู…ูˆุชูˆ ู†ูŠุฑูˆู† ุงู† ูƒุงู†
345
00:31:18,030 --> 00:31:23,070
corticospinal ุงูˆ corticonuclear ุงูˆู„ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู† ู‡ูŠ
346
00:31:23,070 --> 00:31:27,170
initiation and control of voluntary motor activity
347
00:31:27,170 --> 00:31:36,820
ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุงู†ู‡ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุงู†ู‡ ุญุฏุซ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ damage
348
00:31:36,820 --> 00:31:41,540
of corticospinal tract ุงูˆ corticonuclear tract
349
00:31:41,540 --> 00:31:45,760
ุจูŠุญุฏุซ paralysis ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ุงูŠุดุŸ paralysis ุงูˆ ุดู„ู„
350
00:31:47,650 --> 00:31:51,590
Inhibition of muscle tone Inhibition of muscle
351
00:31:51,590 --> 00:31:55,030
tone ู‡ูˆ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ Inhibition ู„ู„ muscle tone ููŠ
352
00:31:55,030 --> 00:31:58,770
ุญุงู„ ุญุฏุซ damage ู„ู„ other motor neuron ุฑุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
353
00:31:58,770 --> 00:32:03,990
muscle hypertonia muscle hypertonia ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุจูŠุนู…ู„
354
00:32:03,990 --> 00:32:07,710
Inhibition ู„ู„ deep reflex ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ูุญุต
355
00:32:07,710 --> 00:32:11,930
reflex ู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงุดุฏ ุนูŠุฏูƒ ุงูˆ ุงู‚ุฏู…ู‡ ู„ู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ุนุดุงู†
356
00:32:11,930 --> 00:32:14,150
ุฃู„ู… ุงู„ cortex ุงู„ cortex ูŠุนู…ู„ Inhibition ู„ู„ reflex
357
00:32:14,150 --> 00:32:18,630
ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุญุฏุซุฃุจุฑู…ูˆุชูˆู†ูŠุฑูˆู† ู„ูŠุฌูŠู† ุฑุงุญ ูŠุชุญูˆู„
358
00:32:18,630 --> 00:32:22,510
ู„hyperreflexiaุŒ hyperreflexiaุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ
359
00:32:22,510 --> 00:32:26,550
ุงู„ุฃุจุฑู…ูˆุชูˆู†ูŠุฑูˆู† initiation and control of voluntary
360
00:32:26,550 --> 00:32:30,210
motor activity ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ inhibition of
361
00:32:30,210 --> 00:32:35,430
muscle toneุŒ ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŒ inhibition of deep reflexes
362
00:32:36,940 --> 00:32:42,420
ู…ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ path way of the upper motor neurons
363
00:32:42,420 --> 00:32:46,460
ุฃูˆ ุงู„ ุจูŠุฑุงู…ุฏุงู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ corticospinal tract ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ
364
00:32:46,460 --> 00:32:50,340
ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุจูŠุช ุงู„ cells ู…ู† ุงู„ area ุฑู‚ู… ุฃุฑุจุน ู…ู† ุงู„
365
00:32:50,340 --> 00:32:53,720
upper two third of pre central gas ู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู† ุงู„
366
00:32:53,720 --> 00:32:57,400
upper two thirdุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ corticonuclear tract ู…ุชุฌู‡
367
00:32:57,400 --> 00:33:02,640
ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ face ุฑุญ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ lower one third ุจุนุฏูƒ ุงู„
368
00:33:02,640 --> 00:33:07,850
fibers descent ููŠ ุดูŠุก ุงุณู…ู‡ corona radiataุจู…ุฑู‡ ููŠ
369
00:33:07,850 --> 00:33:13,190
ุงู„ู€ posterior limb of internal capsule ุจุนุฏูƒ ููŠ ุงู„
370
00:33:13,190 --> 00:33:19,550
midbrain, palms, medulla oblongataุŒ ููŠ lower part
371
00:33:19,550 --> 00:33:25,270
of medulla oblongataุจูŠุญุฏุซ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ decassation ุงูˆ
372
00:33:25,270 --> 00:33:28,390
crossing ุงู„ู€ Corticospiral tract ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู†
373
00:33:28,390 --> 00:33:32,210
ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุชุฌู‡ ู„ู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ุจูŠุชุฌู‡
374
00:33:32,210 --> 00:33:35,670
ู„ู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุนู„ุดุงู† ุฃุณุฃู„ูƒ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏุซ ุฌู„ุทุฉ ุฏู…ุงุบูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†
375
00:33:35,670 --> 00:33:39,230
ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ hemoglobin ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ opposite side ู„ูˆ
376
00:33:39,230 --> 00:33:42,330
ุญุฏุซ ุฌู„ุทุฉ ุฏู…ุงุบูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ hemoglobin ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุŸ
377
00:33:42,330 --> 00:33:46,870
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ right side ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุจูŠุฑุงู…ุฏุงู„
378
00:33:46,870 --> 00:33:50,390
decassation ู†ุญุงูˆู„
379
00:33:51,260 --> 00:34:05,480
ู‡ุฑุณู…ู„ูƒู… ุฅูŠุงู‡ู… ู‡ู†ุง ู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุฅู…ูƒุงู† ู„ู…ุง
380
00:34:05,480 --> 00:34:09,140
ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุน ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ุฃู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ descending tract
381
00:34:09,140 --> 00:34:12,320
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ tract ุฑุงุญ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ cortex ูˆ ุฃู†ุฒู„
382
00:34:12,320 --> 00:34:12,880
ู„ู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
383
00:34:31,900 --> 00:34:39,060
ู‡ู†ุง area precentral
384
00:34:39,060 --> 00:34:44,400
gyrus
385
00:34:44,400 --> 00:34:51,640
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ area ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ููŠ ู‡ู†ุง
386
00:34:56,400 --> 00:35:10,060
Internal Capsule ุจุนุฏูŠู†
387
00:35:10,060 --> 00:35:10,660
ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
388
00:35:25,740 --> 00:35:30,240
mid brain bones
389
00:35:30,240 --> 00:35:33,260
ู…ุฏู„ุฉ
390
00:35:33,260 --> 00:35:53,840
ุฃุจู„ุบุชู‡ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ two segments of spinal cord ูˆ
391
00:35:53,840 --> 00:35:54,300
ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ
392
00:35:58,240 --> 00:36:03,920
ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ
393
00:36:03,920 --> 00:36:07,380
ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ
394
00:36:07,380 --> 00:36:12,380
ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ
395
00:36:12,380 --> 00:36:16,900
ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ
396
00:36:16,900 --> 00:36:16,920
ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ
397
00:36:16,920 --> 00:36:16,920
ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ
398
00:36:16,920 --> 00:36:16,920
ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ
399
00:36:16,920 --> 00:36:21,920
ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ
400
00:36:21,920 --> 00:36:27,540
ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตู‡ุฐุง segment of spinal cord ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
401
00:36:27,540 --> 00:36:33,520
ู†ุงุฎุฏ c5 segment ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„3 segment
402
00:36:57,050 --> 00:37:05,330
ุงู„ู€ Corticospinal tract ุฑุงุญ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
403
00:37:05,330 --> 00:37:11,950
pre-central area ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ upper ูˆ ุงู„ middle
404
00:37:11,950 --> 00:37:20,710
one third ุฑุงุญ ุงู„ fibers ุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ posterior limb
405
00:37:20,710 --> 00:37:30,910
of internal capsulemedibrain bones medulla
406
00:37:30,910 --> 00:37:40,650
oblongata ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ cortico spinal
407
00:37:40,650 --> 00:37:52,310
tract ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ู†ุง internal capsule ู‡ุฐุง left internal
408
00:37:52,310 --> 00:38:04,370
capsulelift internal capsule lift
409
00:38:04,370 --> 00:38:08,250
internal
410
00:38:08,250 --> 00:38:12,650
capsule
411
00:38:12,650 --> 00:38:20,850
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ lower part of medulla oblongata ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
412
00:38:20,850 --> 00:38:26,410
ู‡ูˆCorticospinal tract ุจูŠุนู…ู„ incomplete decassation
413
00:38:26,410 --> 00:38:30,870
ุงูˆ crossing ุจูŠุนู…ู„ incomplete decassation ุงู„ main
414
00:38:30,870 --> 00:38:33,890
fibers ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุชุณุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ
415
00:38:33,890 --> 00:38:39,610
ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง crossing ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ opposite side ุงู„ู†ุฑุณุงู†ุช ู…ูŠู†
416
00:38:39,610 --> 00:38:45,570
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ left? Corticospinal tract ูˆ ุจูŠุชุฌู‡ ู„ ุงู„ right
417
00:38:45,570 --> 00:38:55,090
side ูˆ ุจูŠููˆุช ู„ ููŠ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ููŠlateral column ููŠ ุงู„
418
00:38:55,090 --> 00:39:03,670
lateral column of spinal cord ูˆุจุฏุฃ
419
00:39:03,670 --> 00:39:11,170
ู†ู†ุฒู„ ู…ุซู„ ุฎุท ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ูˆูŠู† ุจูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠุŸ ุจูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ at
420
00:39:11,170 --> 00:39:17,370
the level of
421
00:39:19,260 --> 00:39:29,060
S2 ุณุงูƒุฑุงู„ ุชูˆ ุณุจุงูŠู†ุงู„ ูƒูˆุฑุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
422
00:39:29,060 --> 00:39:33,640
ุจู†ุชู‡ูŠ ูˆูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ level ุณุงูƒุฑุงู„ ุชูˆ S2 segment of spinal
423
00:39:33,640 --> 00:39:37,900
cord ู‡ุฐุง ุจุดุจู‡ ุฎุท ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุฒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌ
424
00:39:37,900 --> 00:39:44,160
ู†ุงุฒู„ ูˆ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠุตู„ ุทุงุจู‚ ุงู„ุดุฌุฑุฉ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ุง ุณู„ูƒ ุฎุท ู‡ุฐุง
425
00:39:44,160 --> 00:39:52,070
ุงูŠุด ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ lift ุชุชุญูˆู„ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุง right ููŠ ุงู„ spoiler
426
00:39:52,070 --> 00:39:57,730
code ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงุณู…ู‡ right cortico
427
00:39:57,730 --> 00:40:09,550
ุงูˆ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุตุญ ู‡ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡
428
00:40:09,550 --> 00:40:14,450
ุตุญ right lateral
429
00:40:16,840 --> 00:40:21,320
Corticospinal tract Right Lateral Corticospinal
430
00:40:21,320 --> 00:40:25,860
tract ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠุตู„ ุงู„ู€ Anterior Horn
431
00:40:25,860 --> 00:40:32,360
Cells ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ู… ุฅูŠุดุŸ Fibers ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ู… ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ Fibers ุนู„ู‰
432
00:40:32,360 --> 00:40:36,340
ูƒู„ segment ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ segment ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏุซ ุฏู…ุฌ ู„ู„
433
00:40:36,340 --> 00:40:39,960
Corticospinal tract ููŠ ุงู„ brain ุฃูˆ Spinal cord ู‡ุฐุง
434
00:40:39,960 --> 00:40:44,040
ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุดุŸ Upper Motoneurone lesion Upper
435
00:40:44,040 --> 00:40:51,860
Motoneurone lesion2 ุงู„ุฌุฒุก
436
00:40:51,860 --> 00:40:57,560
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุนู…ุด costing ู‡ุฐุง
437
00:40:57,560 --> 00:41:05,640
ุจู†ุฒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ anterior horn cells ุจู†ุฒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ anterior
438
00:41:05,640 --> 00:41:11,100
column of spinal cord ูˆ ุจูƒู…ู„ ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ูˆูŠู† ุจู†ุชู‡ูŠ
439
00:41:19,510 --> 00:41:23,630
ends at lower
440
00:41:23,630 --> 00:41:30,590
thoracic level ููŠ
441
00:41:30,590 --> 00:41:34,010
ู†ุงุณ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ middle thoracic level ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠู†
442
00:41:34,010 --> 00:41:40,530
ุตุญ middle ุงูˆ lower thoracic ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ู„ุง
443
00:41:40,530 --> 00:41:48,250
ุงูŠุด ู„ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ุด ุฑุงุญ ูŠุตู„ ุงู„ number
444
00:41:51,940 --> 00:42:11,700
ุนุดุงู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุตุญ ูˆูŠู†
445
00:42:11,700 --> 00:42:14,980
ุจูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ end at
446
00:42:21,190 --> 00:42:26,490
the lower thoracic
447
00:42:26,490 --> 00:42:33,110
level ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ .. ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุŸ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ventral
448
00:42:37,550 --> 00:42:42,630
ูˆุงุถูŠูุชู‡ ุงูŠุด ูŠุง ุบุฏู‰ุŸ ูˆุงุถูŠูุชู‡ ู„ุบุฏู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ chest
449
00:42:42,630 --> 00:42:46,790
muscle ุงูˆ thoracic muscle ุงูˆ respiratory muscle
450
00:42:46,790 --> 00:42:49,570
ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุงู„ anterior horn cells ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ
451
00:42:49,570 --> 00:42:52,290
ูˆุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุงู„ anterior horn cells ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
452
00:42:52,290 --> 00:42:56,990
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุงู„ both anterior horn cells for
453
00:42:56,990 --> 00:43:03,820
respiratory muscleุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุงูŠุด Corticospinal
454
00:43:03,820 --> 00:43:09,240
tract ู‡ุงู† ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠู† ููŠ slide ูˆุงุถุญ ู‡ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุงู†
455
00:43:09,240 --> 00:43:14,400
ุนู†ุฏูŠ pyramidal decassation ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ pyramids ุจุชุญูˆู„ ู„
456
00:43:14,400 --> 00:43:18,040
decassation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุญุฏุซ ู…ุน ุฌู„ุทุฉ ุฏู…ุงุบูŠุฉ ููŠ
457
00:43:18,040 --> 00:43:20,580
ุงู„ left cerebral hemisphere ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ hemiplegia
458
00:43:20,580 --> 00:43:23,800
ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ right ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ spinal cord
459
00:43:23,800 --> 00:43:28,300
ู„ุฃุฎู„ุต ุงู„ crossing ุตุงุฑ ุฏู…ุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ spinal cordุŒ ุนู„ู‰
460
00:43:28,300 --> 00:43:31,500
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ motorุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„
461
00:43:31,500 --> 00:43:34,840
crossing ุฎู„ุต ูˆูŠู† ุจุชุชู… ุงู„ crossingุŸ ุจุชุชู… ุงู„
462
00:43:34,840 --> 00:43:41,440
crossing ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ lower part
463
00:43:41,440 --> 00:43:50,030
of medulla oblongataุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ 80% ู„
464
00:43:50,030 --> 00:43:57,710
85% ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠุจูŠุฑุฒ ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจู€ crossings ูˆูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง ุนู„ู‰
465
00:43:57,710 --> 00:44:02,660
ุงู„ู€ opposite side ููŠ ุงู„ู€ lateral columnูˆุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ
466
00:44:02,660 --> 00:44:05,840
ุจูŠุธู„ูˆุง .. ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… ุฅูŠุดุŸ indirect ู„ูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู…
467
00:44:05,840 --> 00:44:09,200
indirectุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุนู…ู„ูˆุง crossing ูˆ ุงุชุฌู‡ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
468
00:44:09,200 --> 00:44:13,500
opposite side ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… crossed corticospinal tract
469
00:44:13,500 --> 00:44:18,300
ูˆุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ูŠุฎู„ุตูˆุง ูƒู„ fibers ุงูˆ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู†ุณู‰ ุงู„ segment
470
00:44:18,300 --> 00:44:22,780
ุจูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง fibers ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ anterior horn cells ูƒู„ ู…ุง
471
00:44:22,780 --> 00:44:25,800
ู†ุณู‰ ุงู„ segment ุจูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง fibers ู„ู„ anterior horn
472
00:44:25,800 --> 00:44:30,620
cells ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ 15 ู„ 20% ู…ู† ุงู„ fibers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุถุงู„ู‡ู… ู‚ุฏุฑ
473
00:44:31,510 --> 00:44:36,350
ูˆู…ุงุนู…ู„ูˆุด crossing ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… direct anterior ุงูˆ
474
00:44:36,350 --> 00:44:40,430
ventral corticospinal tract ุจูŠุนุทูˆู†ุง fibers ู„ู„
475
00:44:40,430 --> 00:44:44,430
anterior home cells ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ segment ุจุณ ู„ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„
476
00:44:44,430 --> 00:44:49,790
both cerebral hemisphere ูˆูŠู† ุจูŠู†ุชู‡ูˆุงุŸ ุจูŠู†ุชู‡ูˆุง ููŠ
477
00:44:49,790 --> 00:44:53,450
ุงู„ mid thoracic ู…ู…ูƒู† ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุฌุน ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„
478
00:44:53,450 --> 00:44:56,290
lower thoracic ุงุนุชุจุฑู‡ู… mid thoracic ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง
479
00:44:56,290 --> 00:44:59,490
ุชุชุฎุฑุจุทูˆุด ู†ุนุชู…ุฏู‡ู… mid thoracic ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุฌุน ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง
480
00:44:59,490 --> 00:45:06,100
lower thoracicmade thoracic ู†ุนุชู…ุฏู‡ู… ู„ู„ูƒู„ level
481
00:45:06,100 --> 00:45:11,540
ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ุจูƒุชูุฑ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก
482
00:45:11,540 --> 00:45:17,800
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฑุงุญ ุฃูƒู…ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุฌุฒุก ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน
483
00:45:17,800 --> 00:45:19,500
ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุนุทูŠูƒู… ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ