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1
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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ููŠ
2
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ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ alkyl halides ุงู„ RX ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ููƒุฑุฉ ุนู†
3
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ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูƒุจุงุช ูˆุชุณู…ูŠุชู‡ุง ูˆุฑุจู…ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ ุจูŠุฐูƒุฑ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท
4
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ R ูˆ ุงู„ X ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„
5
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fluorine ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงุจุชู…ุด ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉูƒุณุฑ ุณู‡ู„
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ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ู…ุง ุนุฏุง ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆู…
7
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ูˆ ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ูˆ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุน ุงู„ูŠูˆุฏ
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ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุจุนูŠูุฉ ูุฃุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„
9
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ุงู„ูƒู„ู‡ูŠู„ูŠุชุฒ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุฅู…ุง ุชูุงุนู„ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
10
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ู†ุดูŠู„ ุงู„ halogen ูˆ ุงู„ halogen ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุญูˆุงู„ ุจุฏุฃ
11
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ุชู†ุดุงู„ ู…ุน ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุชู‡ุง ูˆู†ุญุท ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ ู…ุน
12
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ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุชู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุจุฏู„ู†ุง ุดูŠุก ุณุงู„ุจ ุดูŠุก ุณุงู„ุจ ู‡ุฐู‡
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ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฃุฎุฑ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉุงู„ุงู†
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ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ nucleophiles ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุชู…ุซู„ ู†ุต ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„
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ูŠุนู†ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูู‡ู…ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู† ู…ู†
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ุดู‚ูŠู† ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู† ู…ู† alkyl halide RX ูˆู…ูƒูˆู‘ู† ู…ู† ุงุดู…ู† ุงู„ู€
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nucleophile ูุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠูู‡ู… ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุฌูŠุฏุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠุนุฑู ุงู„
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ุงู„ู‡ูŠู„ุงูŠุชุฒ ูˆ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ููƒุฑุฉ ุนู†ู‡ู… ูˆ ุนู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุนู‡ู… ูˆ ุนู† ู‚ูˆุฉ
19
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ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท ููŠู‡ู… ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃุณู‡ู„ ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูƒุจุงุช
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆุฏ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† .. ุงู„ุขู† ุจู„ุฒู…ู†ุง ุฃูŠุถุง ู†ุชุนุฑู
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ nucleophiles ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุตุฑุงุน
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00:02:14,600 --> 00:02:17,850
ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุจูŠู† ุฏูˆู„ุชูŠู†ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุฃู† ูŠูู‡ู…ูˆุง
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00:02:17,850 --> 00:02:21,270
ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุฌูŠุฏุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุฃู† ูŠูู‡ู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุชูŠู† ูˆู‚ูˆุฉ
24
00:02:21,270 --> 00:02:24,150
ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุชูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุฃู† ูŠูู‡ู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุฌูŠุฏุง
25
00:02:24,150 --> 00:02:28,530
ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ู€Alkyl Halides ูˆุฎูˆุงุตุฉ ูˆูƒูŠู
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ุชุชูุงุนู„ ูˆูŠุนุฑูู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ
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00:02:34,310 --> 00:02:37,810
ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‡ูŠู„ุงูŠุช ุชุตู†ูŠูุงุชู‡ุง ู„ primary ูˆ
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secondary ูˆ tertiary ุงู† ุงู„ X ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ูŠูˆุฏูŠ ุจุฑูˆู…ูŠ
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00:02:42,170 --> 00:02:46,110
ูƒู„ูˆุฑ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุดุฑุญู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุฎุตูˆุต ุงู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‡ูŠู„ุงูŠุช
30
00:02:46,110 --> 00:02:50,490
ุงุฐุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠู‡ ุงู†
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ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ ุทุจุนุง ุณุจู‚ ุงู†ู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ู‰
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ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ ุจูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุญูˆุงู„ ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฌุฒุก ุงูˆ
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ุงูŠูˆู† ู…ุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู‡ู…ู‡ ูŠู…ูŠุฒู‡ ุงูŠุด ุฒูˆุฌ ุงู„ุงู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช
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00:03:08,490 --> 00:03:14,060
ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู‚ู„ุชูˆุง ุณุงู„ุจ ุงู†ุง ู…ุงู‚ู„ุชุด ุณุงู„ุจู…ุด ุงู„ุฒุงู…
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ุงู†ู‡ ู„ู„ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุณุงู„ุจ ู„ู„ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ ูŠู…ูŠุฒู‡ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
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00:03:20,500 --> 00:03:25,240
ุงู„ุฒูˆุฌ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุฃุฒูˆุงุฌ
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00:03:25,240 --> 00:03:30,000
ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุญุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ูŠุฒู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู„ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„
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ุถู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุนุงุฏู„ุง ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
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ู…ุดุญูˆู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุดุญูˆู† ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุดุญูˆู† ุจุดุญู†ู‡ ุณุงู„ุจุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ
40
00:03:39,880 --> 00:03:45,120
ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ O H ููŠ ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ N A O H ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด O H
41
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minus ุจุชู„ุจุน ูˆ ุจุชู†ุดุฑ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ู…ุงููŠุด ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุจุชู„ุจุน ูˆ
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00:03:49,940 --> 00:03:54,020
ุจุชู†ุดุฑ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุงูŠุด ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
43
00:03:54,020 --> 00:03:59,540
ูŠูˆู… ุจู‚ูˆู„ O H minus ูƒุฃู† ุงู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ู† ุงูˆ ุงุชุด ุงูˆ
44
00:03:59,540 --> 00:04:04,460
ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงูˆ ุงูŠ ุดุฆ ู„ูƒู† ุงู†ุง ู…ู‡ุชู… ุงู„ุขู† ุจุงู„
45
00:04:04,460 --> 00:04:08,900
O H ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ O H ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ O
46
00:04:08,900 --> 00:04:13,060
H ู‡ูŠุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุงู„ุงู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุดุญู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ oxygen
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00:04:13,060 --> 00:04:18,780
ุจู„ุงุญุธ ุงู†ู‡ minus ูˆุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ุงู„ O H minus
48
00:04:18,780 --> 00:04:24,440
is a charged nucleophile ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงู„ ู…ุดุญูˆู† ูƒุฐู„ูƒ
49
00:04:24,440 --> 00:04:29,300
ุงู„ุญุงู„ ุงู„ CN minusุชุดุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ู€ nucleophile ุจู†ุจูŠุน ู„ุญุงู„ู‡
50
00:04:29,300 --> 00:04:34,520
ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู„ุฃ ุจู†ุดุชุฑูŠู‡ ุจู†ุณุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ุน ุดูƒู„ potassium
51
00:04:34,520 --> 00:04:39,460
cyanide ูˆุงุถุญ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุงู„ุณุงู… ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ
52
00:04:39,460 --> 00:04:44,140
ุจู†ุณู…ุญุด ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุชุณุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุจุฏูˆู† ุฑู‚ุงุจุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ
53
00:04:44,140 --> 00:04:49,700
ุทู„ุน ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ HCN ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงุชุนุงู…ู„ุช ู…ุนู‡ ุชุชุณู…ู…
54
00:04:49,700 --> 00:04:53,940
ูˆ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆูุงุฉ ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃูˆ
55
00:04:53,940 --> 00:04:58,340
ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุชูŠู† ูู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ูƒู…ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุชูˆุง ุชุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ู…ุน potassium
56
00:04:58,340 --> 00:05:02,640
cyanide ู…ุน potassium cyanide ุจุฏูƒูˆุง ุญุฐุฑ ุจุฏูˆุง ู†ุงุณ
57
00:05:02,640 --> 00:05:05,860
ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุนุงูƒูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ูŠุนู„ู…ูˆูƒูˆุง ูƒูŠู ุชุดุชุบู„ูˆุง
58
00:05:05,860 --> 00:05:10,240
ุจุฎุฒุงู†ุฉ ุฃุจุฎุฑุฉ ุฅู†ู…ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุญุงุทุฉ potassium cyanide
59
00:05:10,240 --> 00:05:17,650
ูˆูƒุจุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ HCl ุทู„ุน HCl ุบุงุฒ ุดู…ุชู‡ุจูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง
60
00:05:17,650 --> 00:05:20,830
ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุชูŠู† ุชุชุดุงู‡ุฏ ูˆ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ุง ุฅู„ู‡ ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุด ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†
61
00:05:20,830 --> 00:05:26,310
ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู„ุชุจู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงุตุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุญูˆุงู„
62
00:05:26,310 --> 00:05:32,750
ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€charged uq files ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช
63
00:05:32,750 --> 00:05:37,500
ุฃูŠูˆู†ูŠุฉููŠู‡ุง ุงูŠูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆ ุงูŠูˆู† ุณุงู„ุจ ุงู„ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
64
00:05:37,500 --> 00:05:41,680
ุจุฏู‰ ูŠุชูุงุนู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุงูŠูˆู† ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ
65
00:05:41,680 --> 00:05:45,520
ุจู†ุฐูƒุฑู‡ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ุงุจูุฑุฌุด ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง
66
00:05:45,520 --> 00:05:49,680
potassium cyanide ูˆู„ุง sodium cyanide ู…ุซู„ุง ูˆู„ุง ุงูŠุด
67
00:05:49,680 --> 00:05:55,010
ู…ุงูƒุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู†ุง ู…ู‡ุชู…ุจุงู„ู€ Ion ุงู„ุณุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
68
00:05:55,010 --> 00:05:57,950
ู„ู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ nucleophiles ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
69
00:05:57,950 --> 00:06:02,010
charged nucleophiles ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ neutral
70
00:06:02,010 --> 00:06:06,570
nucleophiles ุงู„ู€ neutral nucleophiles ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู…ุงุก
71
00:06:06,570 --> 00:06:11,950
ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠู‡ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฑุงุจุทุชูŠู† ูˆุฒูˆุฌูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุฅุฐุง
72
00:06:11,950 --> 00:06:16,550
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู‡ุงุฌู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Alkyl Halide ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฒูˆุฌ
73
00:06:16,550 --> 00:06:21,830
ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ู‡ุฐุง ูˆูŠุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุนู‡ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ู‡ู†ุง ูŠู…ุซู„
74
00:06:21,830 --> 00:06:25,950
ุงู„ู€ neutral ุงู„ู€ nucleophile ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
75
00:06:25,950 --> 00:06:29,730
ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู€ neutral ุงู„ู€ nucleophile ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†
76
00:06:29,730 --> 00:06:33,310
ุนู†ุฏูŠ substituted ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซ ุฐุฑุงุช
77
00:06:33,310 --> 00:06:37,530
ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ู„ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ R
78
00:06:38,180 --> 00:06:42,160
ุจูŠุธู„ูˆุง ุงู„ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ ูˆ ู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุงูƒูŠุฏ ูˆ ู„ูˆ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุง
79
00:06:42,160 --> 00:06:45,320
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ R ุจูŠุธู„ูˆุง ุงู„ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ ูˆ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง
80
00:06:45,320 --> 00:06:49,560
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ R ู‡ูŠุธู„ูˆุง ุงู„ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ ูุญูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูŠุชูƒู„ู…
81
00:06:49,560 --> 00:06:53,680
ุนู† ุงู„ nitrogen ุงู„ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ ุงู„ nitrogen
82
00:06:53,680 --> 00:06:58,760
ุงู„ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ ูˆุงุถุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ุจุณ ุงู„ ammoniaู…ุด
83
00:06:58,760 --> 00:07:02,620
ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ุจุณ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ nitrogen ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„
84
00:07:02,620 --> 00:07:07,400
ุณูˆุงุก ุจุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ุจุฏูˆู† ูˆู„ุง ุงุฑ ุงุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
85
00:07:07,400 --> 00:07:14,560
ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ ุงู„ุงู†
86
00:07:14,560 --> 00:07:21,000
ุจูŠููŠุฏู†ุง ุงู† ู†ุนุฑู ูƒูŠู ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู‚ูˆู‰ ุงูˆ
87
00:07:21,000 --> 00:07:25,320
ุงุถุนู ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„
88
00:07:25,320 --> 00:07:30,530
strength of ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู…ุฑ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจูŠุณุฃู„
89
00:07:30,530 --> 00:07:34,150
ุงู„ุทุงู„ุจ ุนู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุฃูŠ ุงู„ eucleophile ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ุฃู„ู
90
00:07:34,150 --> 00:07:39,550
ูˆู„ุง ุจุง ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู„ุง ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุนุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ
91
00:07:39,550 --> 00:07:46,240
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฃู‚ุงุฑู†ุชุดุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„
92
00:07:46,240 --> 00:07:51,540
ูŠุญู…ู„ ุดุญู†ุฉ ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ุจู†ูŠูˆุชุฑุงู„ ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูˆ ุฃุจุฏุง
93
00:07:51,540 --> 00:07:55,480
ุชุดุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑุงู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง
94
00:07:55,480 --> 00:08:02,600
ุงู†ู‚ุงุฑู† ุงู„ OH- ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ุŸ ุงู†ู‚ุงุฑู† ุงู„
95
00:08:02,600 --> 00:08:08,760
ethanol O- ู…ุน ุงู„ุงุซุงู†ูˆู„ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ุŸุงู„ู€ ethyl O-,
96
00:08:08,760 --> 00:08:15,980
ุงู„ู€ NH2- ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ NH3 ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุงู„ู€
97
00:08:15,980 --> 00:08:20,660
nucleophile ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญู…ู„ ุดุญู†ุฉ ุณุงู„ุจุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€ charged
98
00:08:20,660 --> 00:08:25,000
nucleophile are stronger than neutral nucleophile
99
00:08:25,000 --> 00:08:29,880
ูˆุงุถุญ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ุŸ charged nucleophile are stronger
100
00:08:29,880 --> 00:08:36,120
than neutral nucleophileุทูŠุจ ุจูŠุฌูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู„ูˆ ุจู‚ุงุฑู†
101
00:08:36,120 --> 00:08:41,920
ุงู†ุง enucleophile ู…ุดุญูˆู† ู…ุน ู…ุดุญูˆู† ุงูˆ ู…ุชุนุงุฏู„ ู…ุน
102
00:08:41,920 --> 00:08:46,180
ู…ุชุนุงุฏู„ ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู„
103
00:08:46,180 --> 00:08:51,340
enucleophile ู…ุดุญูˆู†ูˆู…ุดุญูˆู† ุงูˆ ู…ุชุนุงุฏู„ ูˆ ู…ุชุนุงุฏู„ ู…ูŠู†
104
00:08:51,340 --> 00:08:56,920
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุงู‚ูˆู‰ ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจู„ุฒู…ู†ุง ู†ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„
105
00:08:56,920 --> 00:09:00,580
ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ููŠ
106
00:09:00,580 --> 00:09:04,140
ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ูƒู„ูƒู… ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ูŠู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูƒุงุฑุจูˆู†
107
00:09:04,140 --> 00:09:10,230
ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ุงูƒุณูˆุฌูŠู†floricloribromide ุงู„ุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ
108
00:09:10,230 --> 00:09:17,530
ุงู„ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠุฏุฒ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุณู‡ู… ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูˆ
109
00:09:17,530 --> 00:09:22,670
ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ
110
00:09:23,960 --> 00:09:28,600
ูู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
111
00:09:28,600 --> 00:09:33,240
ู‚ุฏุงู…ูŠุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุชุฎุฐ ู‚ุฑุงุฑุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุจุฏุฃ
112
00:09:33,240 --> 00:09:37,100
ุฃู‚ุงุฑู† ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุทุจุนุง ููŠู‡ุง ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ููŠู‡ุง
113
00:09:37,100 --> 00:09:41,860
ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุฃุฒูˆุงุฌุŒ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุฐุฑุชู‡ุง
114
00:09:41,860 --> 00:09:47,260
ุงู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ูˆูƒุณูˆุฌูŠู†ุŒ which is strongerุŸ
115
00:09:47,260 --> 00:09:52,760
ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุงูˆุงุถุญุŸ ู„ุญุธูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง neutral ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง neutral ุทุจ
116
00:09:52,760 --> 00:09:57,560
ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ charge ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุฎุฏุช ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุญุฐูุช H
117
00:09:57,560 --> 00:10:01,080
plus ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ ion ุงู„ minus ุงู„ NH2 minus ูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง
118
00:10:01,080 --> 00:10:06,720
ุญุฐูุช H plus ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ OH minus ู…ุดุญูˆู† ู…ุน ู…ุดุญูˆู† ุฃูŠุถุง
119
00:10:06,720 --> 00:10:10,500
ู…ูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ุงู„ NH2 minus ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ OH
120
00:10:10,500 --> 00:10:17,460
minus ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ู…ุดูŠู†ุง ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„
121
00:10:17,460 --> 00:10:22,360
oxygen ุฅูŠุด ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุŸุงู„ู€ Sulphur ู„ูˆ ุจุฏุฃ ุฃู‚ุงุฑู† ุงู„ู€
122
00:10:22,360 --> 00:10:27,560
H2S ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ H2O ู‡ุงูŠ ู…ุฑูƒู‘ุจ Sulphur ู…ุฑูƒู‘ุจ ูˆุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ู€
123
00:10:27,560 --> 00:10:31,380
H2S ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑุงู„ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑุงู„ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏุฃ ุฃู‚ุงุฑู†
124
00:10:31,380 --> 00:10:39,340
ุงู„ู€ SH-, ุงู„ุฃูŠูˆู† ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ OH-, ุงู„ู€ SH-,
125
00:10:39,340 --> 00:10:43,540
ู„ูˆ ุจุฏุฃ ุฃู‚ุงุฑู† ุงู„ูŠูˆุฏ ู…ุน ุงู„ุจุฑูˆู…ุŒ ุจุฏุฃ ุฃู‚ุงุฑู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆู… ู…ุน
126
00:10:43,540 --> 00:10:48,930
ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูˆุงุถุญ ูุงู„ strength of nucleophiles
127
00:10:48,930 --> 00:10:54,530
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ ูƒุงู… ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดุญูˆู†
128
00:10:54,530 --> 00:10:58,290
ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุชุนุฏู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†
129
00:10:58,290 --> 00:11:02,850
ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู…ุดูŠ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
130
00:11:02,850 --> 00:11:05,850
ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ู„ู„ nucleophile ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู†
131
00:11:05,850 --> 00:11:11,490
ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุจุฏุฃ ุฃู…ุดูŠ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูˆุงุถุญ
132
00:11:11,490 --> 00:11:11,970
ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
133
00:11:16,040 --> 00:11:22,200
ุจู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููƒุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ alkyl halides ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ุง ูˆ
134
00:11:22,200 --> 00:11:27,560
ุฃู†ูˆุงุนู‡ุง ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููƒุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ nucleophiles ุงู„ุงู†
135
00:11:27,560 --> 00:11:32,040
ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ alkyl halide ูˆ ุงู„
136
00:11:32,040 --> 00:11:38,970
nucleophileุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู†ุญุท ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏูŠู† ุจ general
137
00:11:38,970 --> 00:11:45,330
reaction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ู‡ู„ุงูŠุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… RX ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
138
00:11:45,330 --> 00:11:52,010
RX ุดูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠูู‚ุฏุŸุงู„ู€ X ุงู„ู‡ุงู„ูˆุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ุฒ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
139
00:11:52,010 --> 00:11:57,150
ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„
140
00:11:57,150 --> 00:12:03,030
oxygen ู†ูŠูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูƒุณูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ ุฃูƒุณูˆุฌูŠู†
141
00:12:03,030 --> 00:12:10,410
ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุนุงุฏู„ ุฃูˆ ู…ุดุญูˆู† ุจุงู„ู…ุชุนุงุฏู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
142
00:12:10,410 --> 00:12:17,260
ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฑุงุจุทุชูŠู† ูˆ ุฒูˆุฌูŠู† ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุจุงู„ู…ุดุญูˆู†ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡
143
00:12:17,260 --> 00:12:22,220
ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุช ุฃุฒูˆุงุฌุŒ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃุฌูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„
144
00:12:22,220 --> 00:12:29,140
ุงู„ู…ูŠู‘ู‡ุŒ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ู…ูŠู‘ู‡ุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ OxygenุŒ H ูˆ HุŒ ูƒุงู…
145
00:12:29,140 --> 00:12:34,710
ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ุดุงูŠููŠู†ุŸุชู†ุชูŠู†ุŒ ูƒู… ุฒูˆุฌ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุชุŸ ุฅุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุขู†
146
00:12:34,710 --> 00:12:40,150
ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุดุญูˆู†ุŒ ุจุชูƒูˆู† OH ูƒุงู… ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ุดุงูŠููŠู†ุŸ
147
00:12:40,150 --> 00:12:44,950
ูƒุงู… ุฒูˆุฌ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง
148
00:12:44,950 --> 00:12:51,430
ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุดุญูˆู†ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ Nitrogen
149
00:12:51,430 --> 00:12:56,390
ุงู„ู€ Nucleophile ุชู„ุช ุฑูˆุงุจุท ูˆุฒูˆุฌ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
150
00:12:56,390 --> 00:13:00,290
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Neutral Nucleophile ู„ูˆ ุดูŠู„ู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡
151
00:13:00,290 --> 00:13:04,450
ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ ุฎู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ุฑุงุจุทุชูŠู† ูˆ ุฒูˆุฌูŠู† ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุชุŒ
152
00:13:04,450 --> 00:13:10,100
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุดุŸCharged Nucleophile ูˆุงู„ุณู„ูุฑ ุฒูŠู‡ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุฒูŠ
153
00:13:10,100 --> 00:13:16,200
ุงู„ Oxygen ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุฌูŠ ู†ุนู…ู„ ุชูุงุนู„ ู‡ุง ุงู†ู†ุง RX
154
00:13:16,200 --> 00:13:22,180
ุงุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ูุนู„ู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ OH- ูƒูŠู ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ
155
00:13:22,180 --> 00:13:29,700
ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ู†ุดูŠู„ ุงู„ X ู…ุน ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุชู‡ุง ูˆู†ุญุท
156
00:13:29,700 --> 00:13:37,550
ู…ุญู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ OHูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดูŠู„ ุงู„ X ู…ุน ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุชู‡ุง
157
00:13:37,550 --> 00:13:41,130
ูˆู†ุญุท ู…ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ O H ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจูุนู„ RX ู…ุน O H
158
00:13:41,130 --> 00:13:47,130
minus ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุงู„ organic productุŸ R O H
159
00:13:47,130 --> 00:13:55,450
ุทุจุนุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ X minus ู‡ู„ ูŠุง ุชุฑู‰ ุงู„ X minus
160
00:13:55,450 --> 00:14:00,530
ุจูŠุถุทุฑ ู„ุชุณุจุญ ุจุงู„ูุฑุงุบ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุงุŸ ู‚ุงู…ูŠู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„
161
00:14:00,530 --> 00:14:07,850
ุงู„ X minusุŸู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุณุงุณุง ุงู„ OHK ู‡ุฐูŠ ููŠ ู…ุนู‡ุง N A
162
00:14:07,850 --> 00:14:17,730
N A plus R ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุชุทู„ุน N A plus XูˆุงุถุญุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
163
00:14:17,730 --> 00:14:22,570
ูƒุงู† ุงูŠูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ู…ุฑุงูู‚ ู„ู„ OH ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงูŠูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ู…ุฑุงูู‚ ู„ู„
164
00:14:22,570 --> 00:14:28,190
X ุงุญู†ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ุง ุนุฏุง ุงู„ organic products
165
00:14:28,190 --> 00:14:31,190
ู…ุด ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ุฃูƒู…ู„ ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ
166
00:14:31,190 --> 00:14:35,030
ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ุนุถูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงูƒุชุจูˆู„ู†ุง ู†ุงุชุฌ ุงู„ุนุถูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก
167
00:14:35,030 --> 00:14:40,390
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชุญุตูŠู„ ุญุงุตู„ ู…ุด ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ูุจุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุงุฌูŠู†ุง ุนู…ู„ู†ุง
168
00:14:40,390 --> 00:14:45,210
ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน ู…ูŠู‘ู‡ ุงูŠุด ุจุฏูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ RX ู…ุน
169
00:14:45,210 --> 00:14:49,640
ุงู„ู…ูŠู‘ู‡ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุชุชูุงุนู„ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฃุญุฏ ุฃุฒูˆุงุฌ
170
00:14:49,640 --> 00:14:53,740
ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุชุชูุงุนู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุฒูˆุงุฌ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช
171
00:14:53,740 --> 00:15:01,540
ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏ R O H 2 ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ H2O ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ
172
00:15:01,540 --> 00:15:06,340
ุนู†ุฏ R O H 2 ู„ูˆ ุญุณุจู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ุดูˆุญู†ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ
173
00:15:06,340 --> 00:15:18,740
ุจุชูู‚ุฏ H ุจู„ุณ ุจูŠุตู ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ R O Hุฅุฐุง ู†ุงุชุฌ ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‘ู‡
174
00:15:18,740 --> 00:15:25,900
ุฒูŠ ู†ุงุชุฌ ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุงู„ู€ OH- ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ูˆ ูƒู„ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑุงู„
175
00:15:25,900 --> 00:15:30,260
ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ .. ุงู„ุขู† ุจู†ุณุฌู„ู‡ุง ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ .. ูƒู„ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑุงู„
176
00:15:30,260 --> 00:15:34,950
ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ .. ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุญุท ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชูุงุนู„ู‡ุจุฏูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† ูู‚ุท
177
00:15:34,950 --> 00:15:41,450
ุงูŠุด H plus ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ H2O ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุจูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ุดูˆ
178
00:15:41,450 --> 00:15:46,150
ุจูŠุจูŠู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง OH ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุจุนุฏ
179
00:15:46,150 --> 00:15:52,980
ุดูˆูŠุฉ and H3ู„ู…ุง ุชุจูŠู† ููŠ ู†ุงุชุฌ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุŒ ุดูˆ ู‡ุชุจูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ู€
180
00:15:52,980 --> 00:16:00,420
H2 ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูƒู„ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑุงู„ ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ H ุนุงุฏุฉ
181
00:16:00,420 --> 00:16:06,820
ู„ู…ุง ุชุญุทู‡ ู†ุงุชุฌู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุŒ ุจุชุดูŠู„ู‡ ู…ู†ู‡ H ู…ุซู„ุงุŒ ู„ูˆ ูƒู†ุง
182
00:16:06,820 --> 00:16:13,200
ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ROHุทุจุนุง ูˆูŠู† ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ู€ nucleophile ููŠ ุงู„ู€
183
00:16:13,200 --> 00:16:18,960
ROHุŸ ุฃูŠ ุถุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ู€ O ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃุฒูˆุงุฌ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡
184
00:16:18,960 --> 00:16:24,580
ุงู„ู€ O ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุญู„ ู…ุญู„ ุงู„ X ูˆุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุง
185
00:16:24,580 --> 00:16:28,420
ู…ุนุงู‡ ุฃูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู‡ุงุฌู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„
186
00:16:28,420 --> 00:16:34,340
nucleophile ูˆูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุญู„ ุจุงู„ุธุจุทุŸ ู…ุญู„ ุงู„ X ู…ุด
187
00:16:34,340 --> 00:16:39,770
if ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠุฃุนุทูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจู…ุซุงู„ ู„ุฃู† ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง
188
00:16:39,770 --> 00:16:44,250
ููŠ ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง
189
00:16:44,250 --> 00:16:50,150
ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุชูˆุง ู„ุงุญุธุชู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุฒูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ูˆููŠู‡
190
00:16:50,150 --> 00:16:56,050
PR ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุฒูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ูˆููŠู‡ PR ูˆุฅุฌูŠู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุงู„ูƒู…
191
00:16:56,050 --> 00:17:02,190
ูุนู„ูˆู†ุง ูŠุง ู…ุน CH3 CH2 OH
192
00:17:05,070 --> 00:17:10,150
ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดูŠู„ู‡ุŸ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุท ู…ุญู„ู‡ุŸ
193
00:17:10,150 --> 00:17:15,590
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ู„ูƒู† ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดุจูƒู‡ุŸ ู…ู† ุฃุฒูˆุงุฌ
194
00:17:15,590 --> 00:17:19,230
ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ O ู‡ุฐุง ุจุตูุชู‡ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑุง ู„ู„ู€
195
00:17:19,230 --> 00:17:24,570
nucleophile ุดูˆ ู‡ูŠูู‚ุฏุŸ ุงู„ H ุฅุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏู‰ ุฃุฑุณู…
196
00:17:24,570 --> 00:17:33,470
ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ O CH2
197
00:17:36,880 --> 00:17:43,280
CH3 ูˆุงุถุญ ูุงู„ ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุชุจุนู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูุงุนู„ ู‡ูˆ
198
00:17:43,280 --> 00:17:49,400
ุงูŠุด ุงู„ oxygen ุทุงู„ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ neutral ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดูŠู„
199
00:17:49,400 --> 00:17:57,100
ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ H ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ู„ูˆ
200
00:17:57,100 --> 00:18:04,800
ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ ammonia and H3 ุดูˆ ู‡ุชูƒุชุจูˆู‡ุŸ
201
00:18:08,390 --> 00:18:16,150
ุจุชุจุท ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ N ูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† N H2 ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุชูŠุฌูŠ ูˆ
202
00:18:16,150 --> 00:18:20,630
ุชู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุทุจ ูˆ ุงู„ H ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทู„ุนุช ูˆูŠู† ุฑุงุญุชุŸ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ H ู…ุน
203
00:18:20,630 --> 00:18:28,660
ุงู„ PR ู‡ุชุนู…ู„ ุฒูŠ H PRูˆุงุถุญุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ H plus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทู„ุนุช
204
00:18:28,660 --> 00:18:33,180
ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ PR minus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน HPR ุงุญู†ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ
205
00:18:33,180 --> 00:18:38,740
ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู…ู‡ุชู…ูŠู† ุจุงู„ู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ุนุถูˆูŠ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ูƒูŠู ุงู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง
206
00:18:38,740 --> 00:18:43,060
ุจู†ูƒุชุจ ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ููŠู‡ุง neutral ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†
207
00:18:43,060 --> 00:18:47,320
Oxygen ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† Nitrogen ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† Sulphur ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
208
00:18:47,320 --> 00:18:50,920
ุงูุชุฑุถูˆุง ุงู† ู‡ู†ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒู… H2S
209
00:18:53,150 --> 00:18:59,990
ุดูˆ ู‡ุชูƒุชุจูˆุงุŸ S H ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุดุงุจูƒุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู„ูุฑ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง
210
00:18:59,990 --> 00:19:08,250
ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ูุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง
211
00:19:08,250 --> 00:19:14,270
ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ุดูˆ ุงู„ุงูŠูˆู† ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
212
00:19:14,270 --> 00:19:21,970
ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ุงุณุชุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ุŸ S H minusุจุทู„ุน ุงู„ู†ุชุฌ ุดูˆ
213
00:19:21,970 --> 00:19:30,390
ุงู„ุงูŠูˆู† ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ุงุณุชุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ CH3 CH2
214
00:19:30,390 --> 00:19:35,770
O ุจุฑุงุจุท ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุช ุฃุฒูˆุงุฌ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ O minus
215
00:19:35,770 --> 00:19:42,150
ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุงูŠูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูู‚ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ Sodium Na
216
00:19:42,150 --> 00:19:49,880
Plus ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡Sodium
217
00:19:49,880 --> 00:19:55,160
Ethoxide ู„ุญุธุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅุซู„ ูˆ ุจุฒุงู… ุฃูƒุณูˆุฌูŠู† ุณุงู„ุจ
218
00:19:55,160 --> 00:19:59,460
ุงู„ุฃูƒุณูˆุฌูŠู† ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุงูŠุด ู…ุชุนูˆุฏูŠู† ุทูˆู„ ุนู…ุฑู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ
219
00:19:59,460 --> 00:20:03,720
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู„ุฃูŠูˆู† ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ูƒู„ูˆุฑุงูŠุฏ ุงูŠุฏ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงูŠุฏ
220
00:20:03,720 --> 00:20:09,450
ุจุฑู…ุงูŠุฏ ุงูŠูˆุฏุงูŠุฏ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุฃูƒุณูˆุฌูŠู† ุณุงู„ุจุฃูˆูƒุณุงูŠุฏ ู„ูˆ
221
00:20:09,450 --> 00:20:16,190
ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ุณุงู„ุจ ู†ูŠุชุฑุงูŠุฏ ู„ูˆ ุณู„ูุฑ ุณุงู„ุจ ุณู„ูุงูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ
222
00:20:16,190 --> 00:20:24,130
ุงุฐุง ุงู„ุงูƒุณุฌูŠู† ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุซูˆูƒ ุงุซ ุงูƒุณ ุงูŠ ุงุซ ุงูƒุณุงูŠุฏ ุนุดุงู†
223
00:20:24,130 --> 00:20:31,290
ูƒุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุณู…ู‡ ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ุงุซ ุงูƒุณุงูŠุฏ ู„ูˆ
224
00:20:31,290 --> 00:20:37,610
ูƒุชุจู†ุงู„ูƒูˆุง ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ุงุซ ุงูƒุณุงูŠุฏ ุงูŠุด ุจุฏูƒู… ุชุญุทูˆู‡ CH3ู„ูˆ
225
00:20:37,610 --> 00:20:42,670
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุฑูˆุจูˆูƒุณุงูŠุฏ ุชู„ุช
226
00:20:42,670 --> 00:20:48,970
ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุจูŠู† ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูุงู„ ุงูŠูˆู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
227
00:20:48,970 --> 00:20:54,390
ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุณุงูŠุฏ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„
228
00:20:54,390 --> 00:20:59,150
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุงูŠูˆู† ุฑ ุงูˆ ู…ุงูŠู†ูˆุณ ุงูŠุด ุงุณู… ู‡ุฐุง
229
00:20:59,150 --> 00:21:05,000
ุงู„ุงูŠูˆู†ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุจู†ุง ู„ูƒูˆุง ุณุคุงู„ ุฃูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบ R O minus is
230
00:21:05,000 --> 00:21:13,940
called an alkoxide anion ุฃู†ูŠูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูŠูˆู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุณุงู„ุจ
231
00:21:13,940 --> 00:21:18,980
ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุณุงูŠุฏ ุฃู†ูŠูˆู†
232
00:21:18,980 --> 00:21:25,340
ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุณุงูŠุฏ ุฃู†ูŠูˆู† ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููƒุฑุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ูƒูŠู
233
00:21:25,340 --> 00:21:33,150
ู†ูƒู…ู„ ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉุจุฃูŠูˆู† ุณุงู„ุจ ุฃูˆ ุจู…ุชุนุฏู„ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุญูˆุงู„ ู…ูƒุงู†
234
00:21:33,150 --> 00:21:37,650
ู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู‡ุงู„ูˆุฌูŠู† ู…ูƒุงู† ู…ุง ุจู†ุญุท ุงูŠุด ู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„
235
00:21:37,650 --> 00:21:42,590
ูˆู†ุนู…ู„ ู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆููŠู„ูŠูƒ substitution ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏุงูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
236
00:21:42,590 --> 00:21:52,050
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ู‡ูŠ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏุงูˆู„
237
00:21:52,050 --> 00:21:59,280
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ ู‡ู†ุง OH-ุชุดุงุฑุฌ RO- ุชุดุงุฑุฌ
238
00:21:59,280 --> 00:22:07,280
HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ ROH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ
239
00:22:07,280 --> 00:22:08,700
HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ
240
00:22:08,700 --> 00:22:09,060
HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ
241
00:22:09,060 --> 00:22:09,680
HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ
242
00:22:09,680 --> 00:22:09,740
HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ
243
00:22:09,740 --> 00:22:11,520
HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ HOH ุชุดุงุฑุฌ
244
00:22:11,520 --> 00:22:16,780
HOH ุชุดู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ุจุชุญูˆู„ ู…ุญู„ ุงู„ู€Cl ุงู„ู€ Nitrogen
245
00:22:16,780 --> 00:22:22,280
ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงูŠู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑุงู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ูˆู…ุดุชู‚ุงุชู‡ุง ุณูˆุงุก
246
00:22:22,280 --> 00:22:26,260
ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ R ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุญูˆุงู„
247
00:22:26,260 --> 00:22:32,390
ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุจูƒูŠุด ุจูŠูƒุŸ ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู†ุงู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ุงู„ุณู„ูุฑ
248
00:22:32,390 --> 00:22:38,370
ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆููŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ SH-, RS-, R2S ู…ู†
249
00:22:38,370 --> 00:22:44,210
ุฃุฒูˆุงุฌ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณู„ูุฑ ุงู„ู‡ุงู„ูˆุฌูŠู†
250
00:22:44,210 --> 00:22:49,410
ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆููŠู„ ุงู„ู‡ุงู„ูˆุฌูŠู† ุนุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃุฒูˆุงุฌ
251
00:22:49,410 --> 00:22:55,220
ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุณุงู„ุจุฉูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุจุฏูŠูƒูˆุง ุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
252
00:22:55,220 --> 00:22:58,300
ุงู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ halogens ู„ู…ุง ุชุญู„ ู…ุญุงู„ ุจุนุถู‡ุง
253
00:22:58,300 --> 00:23:05,620
ุงู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฏ ุงู‚ูˆู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ brom ุงู‚ูˆู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ chlorine
254
00:23:05,620 --> 00:23:11,400
ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู…ุฑูƒุจ RX ููŠู‡ brom ูˆูุนู„ุชู‡ ู…ุน
255
00:23:11,400 --> 00:23:15,620
ูŠูˆุฏ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฏ ุจูŠุญู„ ู…ุญุงู„ ุงู„ brom ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ุงู‡ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ brom
256
00:23:15,620 --> 00:23:22,380
ุจูŠุญู„ุด ู…ุญุงู„ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฏุงู„ูŠูˆุฏ ุจูŠุญู„ ู…ุญู„ ุจุฑูˆู… ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช
257
00:23:22,380 --> 00:23:32,240
ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ I minus ุฒุงุฆุฏ CH3PR ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ูƒ
258
00:23:32,240 --> 00:23:40,840
ุงูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุจูŠุญู„ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฏ ู…ุญู„ ุจุฑูˆู… ุงูˆ ู…ุญู„ ูƒู„ูˆุฑ ุณูˆุงุก
259
00:23:40,840 --> 00:23:44,980
ูƒุงู† ุจุฑูˆู… ุงูˆ ูƒู„ูˆุฑ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ
260
00:23:44,980 --> 00:23:48,080
CH3I
261
00:23:51,470 --> 00:23:58,690
ุฒุงุฆุฏ PR ู…ุงูŠู†ูˆุณ ุฃูˆ CL ู…ุงูŠู†ูˆุณ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ PR ู…ุด ูƒุงุฒู…
262
00:23:58,690 --> 00:24:03,850
ุชุฑุชุจุท ู…ุซู„ุง ุจุงุด ู…ู‡ู… ู…ุด ู…ู‡ู… ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง NA plus ุจุฏูŠุด ุงู†ุง
263
00:24:03,850 --> 00:24:08,430
ุงุนูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐุง NA plus I minus ู„ู…ุง ู†ุดูˆูู‡
264
00:24:08,430 --> 00:24:14,170
ูƒุชูุงุนู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ NA plus I minus ุฒุงุฆุฏ CH3PR ุฅุฌุช ู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุญู„
265
00:24:14,170 --> 00:24:28,430
ุงู„ PR ุดูˆ ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰CH3I PR- N A N A Plus ูˆุงุถุญุŸ
266
00:24:28,430 --> 00:24:34,770
ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ูˆุฌุฏุช ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุนุงูƒุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุฌูŠู†ุง
267
00:24:34,770 --> 00:24:40,630
ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู„ูƒู… CL- CH3PR
268
00:24:43,400 --> 00:24:46,740
ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑ ู„ุง ูŠุญู„ ู…ุญู„ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆู…ุŒ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆู… ูŠุญู„ ู…ุญู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑ ูˆ
269
00:24:46,740 --> 00:24:54,000
ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ nucleophiles ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„
270
00:24:54,000 --> 00:24:58,320
carbon nucleophiles ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ CN ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ูˆ
271
00:24:58,320 --> 00:25:02,780
ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุน ุดูƒู„ CN minus ุงู„ carbon nucleophiles
272
00:25:02,780 --> 00:25:08,560
ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ู„ุง ุชูˆุฌุฏ ู…ุชุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ู„ูŠุด ุงู„ carbon
273
00:25:08,560 --> 00:25:14,070
nucleophiles ู„ุง ุชูˆุฌุฏ ู…ุชุนุงุฏู„ุฉุŸู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง
274
00:25:14,070 --> 00:25:18,870
ุชุนู„ู…ู†ุง ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุฃุฑุจุน ุฑูˆุงุจุท ูˆู„ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰
275
00:25:18,870 --> 00:25:25,010
ููŠู‡ ุฃุฒูˆุงุฌ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูŠู‘ู‡ ุฑุงุจุทุชูŠู† ูˆุฒูˆุฌูŠู†
276
00:25:25,010 --> 00:25:28,470
ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ุชู„ุช ุฑูˆุงุจุท ูˆุฒูˆุฌ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช
277
00:25:28,470 --> 00:25:33,130
ุงู„ู‡ุงู„ูˆุฌูŠู† ุชู„ุช ุฃุฒูˆุงุฌ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฃุฒูˆุงุฌ
278
00:25:33,130 --> 00:25:34,950
ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู†
279
00:25:37,240 --> 00:25:40,500
ุงู„ู€ Carbon ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃุฒูˆุงุฌ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ูˆุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰
280
00:25:40,500 --> 00:25:43,300
ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ู…ุชุนุงุฏู„ ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ carbon
281
00:25:43,300 --> 00:25:48,620
nucleophile ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูู‚ุฏ H ู„ุณุจุจ ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงูŠูˆู†
282
00:25:48,620 --> 00:25:53,740
ุงูŠุด ุณุงู„ุจ ู…ู† ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง Carbon
283
00:25:53,740 --> 00:25:58,100
ุงูŠูˆู† ุงู„ู€ C9 ู‡ุงูŠ C triple bond N ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠ
284
00:25:58,100 --> 00:26:02,420
ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ุฒูˆุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง
285
00:26:03,550 --> 00:26:08,550
ู„ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุชุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู€CN- ููŠ ุฒูˆุฌ
286
00:26:08,550 --> 00:26:12,530
ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ูˆ ุฒูˆุฌ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุนู„ู‰
287
00:26:12,530 --> 00:26:16,190
ุงู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุจุฏุฃ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุชููƒุฑ
288
00:26:16,190 --> 00:26:21,250
ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู†ูุณู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€Nucleophile ูˆ ุงู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู†
289
00:26:21,250 --> 00:26:25,590
ู†ูุณู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€Nucleophile ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ูˆ ุฅุฌุชู‡ุง ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ
290
00:26:25,590 --> 00:26:34,490
ุงุชูƒู…ู„ู‡ุง CH3 ู†ูุชุฑุถ CLูˆุจุฏุฃ ุงุชูุนู„ู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ NACN ุงุญู†ุง
291
00:26:34,490 --> 00:26:38,530
ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฏู…ุฌ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุนุงุฏ ุงู„ carbon ุงู„ nucleophile ุงู‚ูˆู‰
292
00:26:38,530 --> 00:26:44,110
ู…ู† ุงู„ nitrogen ู„ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ู„ nucleophiles ูˆุจู†ุงุก
293
00:26:44,110 --> 00:26:49,230
ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏุฃ ุงูุนู„ู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ CN minus ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†
294
00:26:49,230 --> 00:26:57,110
ู‡ูŠูŠุฌูŠ ูŠุชุญุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุงุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุชุฌ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† CH3 ุงุชุตู„ุช ุจุงู„
295
00:26:57,110 --> 00:27:02,650
cyanide ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ carbonู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู…ุด
296
00:27:02,650 --> 00:27:07,910
ุงู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฒูˆุฌ
297
00:27:07,910 --> 00:27:13,590
ุงู„ุงู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู ุงู„ู€ CN- ุจุชุชุญุฏ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู‡ุงู„ูˆุฌูŠู†
298
00:27:13,590 --> 00:27:21,080
ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู…ุด ุงู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ุฎุฏูˆุง ููŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงูŠูˆู†
299
00:27:21,080 --> 00:27:25,900
ุงุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ ุงุฎุฐู†ุง ุชูุงุนู„ู‡ ู„ triple bond ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
300
00:27:25,900 --> 00:27:31,440
terminal ุฌู†ุจู‡ุง H ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€H ุงุณูŠุฏูƒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู†
301
00:27:31,440 --> 00:27:37,460
ุชูู‚ุฏ ูˆุชุนู…ู„ ุงูŠูˆู† ุณุงู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ Acetylide
302
00:27:37,460 --> 00:27:43,820
anion ู‡ุฐุง ุงุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ ุจุชูุงุนู„ ุงู„ุงู„ูƒุงูŠู†ุฒ ุงุฎุฑ ุชูุงุนู„ ุฑุงุฌุนูˆุง
303
00:27:43,820 --> 00:27:47,980
ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ Acetylide anion ู„ูˆ ุงุฌูŠู†ุงู‡ ูุงุนู„ู†ุงู‡ ู…ุน
304
00:27:47,980 --> 00:27:58,410
RXู…ุงุฐุง ุณูŠูุนู„ุŸ ุณูŠุฃุชูŠ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุชู‡ุงุฌู… ูˆุชุทุฑุฏ ุงู„ู€ X ุฅุฐุง
305
00:27:58,410 --> 00:28:05,850
ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ A ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง C triple bond CR ูู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ
306
00:28:05,850 --> 00:28:13,210
ุฅุจุฏุงู„ ู„ู„ X ุจุงู„acetylide anion ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู†
307
00:28:13,210 --> 00:28:17,330
ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆูุงู„ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ
308
00:28:17,330 --> 00:28:23,530
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†substitution reactions ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุช
309
00:28:23,530 --> 00:28:27,930
ุนู„ูŠู†ุง substitution reactions ุงุณุชุนุฑุถู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุชูˆุณุน ุณูˆุงุก
310
00:28:27,930 --> 00:28:33,470
ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ neutral enucleophiles ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ charged
311
00:28:33,470 --> 00:28:34,870
enucleophiles
312
00:28:38,920 --> 00:28:45,140
ุจุฌูŠู†ุง ุชูุงุนู„ ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…
313
00:28:45,140 --> 00:28:50,920
ู…ู†ุงูุณ ู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุงู„ุฅุจุฏุงู„ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑูˆุง ู…ุน
314
00:28:50,920 --> 00:28:58,200
ุจุนุถ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุจูƒูˆู† ุจุฏูŠ ุงุนู…ู„ ุชูุงุนู„ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ ุจู„ุงุญุธ ุงู†ู‡
315
00:28:58,200 --> 00:29:04,380
ู…ุน ุงู„ุฅุจุฏุงู„ ุจุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู†ุงุชุฌ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุญุฐู ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุชูุงุนู„
316
00:29:04,380 --> 00:29:09,400
ุงู„ุญุฐูุŸู…ุงุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุชูุงุนู„ ุงู„ุญุฐูุŸ ุชูุงุนู„ ุงู„ุฅุจุฏุงู„ุŸ
317
00:29:09,400 --> 00:29:14,420
ุงุนุฑูู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุขู† ุฌูŠุจู†ุงู„ูƒู… ุฃูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ CH3
318
00:29:14,420 --> 00:29:20,320
CHPR CH3 ุฒุงุฆุฏ NUH ูƒู„ ูƒุณุฑุชู‡ ุชุชู‚ู† ุงู„ุฅุจุฏุงู„ ุดูŠู„ ุงู„ PR
319
00:29:20,320 --> 00:29:23,180
ุญุท ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง
320
00:29:25,930 --> 00:29:30,410
Substitution ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด ุชูุงุนู„ ุงู„ุญุฐู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจู†ูุณ
321
00:29:30,410 --> 00:29:33,470
ุงู„ุดุฑูˆุท ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจ ู…ุน ุงู„ุงู†ูŠูˆุงุชุด
322
00:29:33,470 --> 00:29:38,550
ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูƒุชุจ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู†ุงุชุฌ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุญุฐู
323
00:29:38,550 --> 00:29:44,930
ู„ู„ู‡ุงู„ูˆุฌูŠู† ู…ุน ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ุนู† ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุฉ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ู‰
324
00:29:44,930 --> 00:29:51,830
ุงู„ุญุฐู ุฅู† ุฃุดูŠู„ ุงู„ู‡ุงู„ูˆุฌูŠู† ู…ุน ุฐุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุฅู†
325
00:29:51,830 --> 00:30:00,140
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุฐู ุฃุดู‡ู‡H ูˆ PR ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„ุงู† ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ hydrogen
326
00:30:00,140 --> 00:30:05,620
ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุดูŠู„ู‡ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุงููŠุด ุบูŠุฑู‡ ุทุจ ูˆูŠู† ุงู„
327
00:30:05,620 --> 00:30:10,120
hydrogens ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุงุชูŠุช ูˆุงุทู„ุนุช
328
00:30:10,120 --> 00:30:13,400
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุญุงู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ hydrogen ููŠู‡ ุฌู†ุจู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰
329
00:30:13,400 --> 00:30:20,400
ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† CH3 ุญุงู…ู„ุฉ ูƒู… ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆููŠู‡ ุฌู†ุจู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰
330
00:30:20,400 --> 00:30:28,550
ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑCH3 ุญุงู…ู„ุฉ 3 ุชูุงุนู„ ุงู„ุญุฐู ุงู† ุงุดูŠู„ ุงู„ PR ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุน
331
00:30:28,550 --> 00:30:33,790
ุงู„ Hุดุทุงุจุชู‡ู… ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทู‡ ู‡ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ double
332
00:30:33,790 --> 00:30:38,210
bond ู‡ู†ุง ูุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฑุงุจุทู‡ ุฃุญุฏูŠุฉ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฑุงุจุทู‡
333
00:30:38,210 --> 00:30:43,730
ุซู†ุงุฆูŠุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู„ูƒูŠุฏ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ูŠุง ุชุฑู‰ ุจูŠูุฑู‚ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ููŠ
334
00:30:43,730 --> 00:30:48,710
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุฐู ุจู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ูˆุงุช ุงู† ุงุนู…ู„
335
00:30:48,710 --> 00:30:53,770
ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ุงู„ุฒูˆุฌูŠุฉ ู‡ุงู† ุงูˆ ู‡ุงู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ
336
00:30:53,770 --> 00:31:01,860
ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู‡ู„ุงุญุธ ุงู†ู‡ุจูŠูุฑู‚ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
337
00:31:01,860 --> 00:31:06,820
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุชูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุงู„ู„ู‰
338
00:31:06,820 --> 00:31:13,540
ู‡ูˆ ุงุณู…ู‡ two bromobutane high carbon ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
339
00:31:13,540 --> 00:31:20,820
ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุงุณู…ู‡ two bromobutane ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰
340
00:31:20,820 --> 00:31:27,210
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠุดู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ุฒ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ู„ู…ุง
341
00:31:27,210 --> 00:31:33,130
ุจุฏูŠ ุงุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุฐู ุจู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ OH- ูˆ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ูƒูŠู ุจุงู„ุธุจุท
342
00:31:33,130 --> 00:31:38,990
ุจุชุชู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฐู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒูŠู ุงู„ OH- ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„
343
00:31:38,990 --> 00:31:45,690
ุงู„ุญุฐู ุงู„ OH- ุจุฏู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ุง H ุจู„ุณ ูุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชู‡ุฌู…
344
00:31:45,690 --> 00:31:50,650
ู‡ูŠู†ูุชุฑุถ ู‡ุฌู…ุช ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ H ุจู„ุณ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ OH- ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ H
345
00:31:50,650 --> 00:31:57,150
ุจู„ุณ ุทู„ุนุช ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุฌุฒุก ุฅูŠุดู…ุงุก ูู‡ู…ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ
346
00:31:57,150 --> 00:32:01,390
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ OH- ู‡ุฌู…ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ H ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ุง
347
00:32:01,390 --> 00:32:08,930
ุนู…ู„ุช ู…ูŠุฉ ุทู„ุนุช ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุถุงู„ุฉ ุจุชู„ูˆู ุจู‡ุฐุง
348
00:32:08,930 --> 00:32:13,590
ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฎู…ุณ ุฑูˆุงุจุท ุฅุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุทู„ูˆุน
349
00:32:13,590 --> 00:32:21,150
ุฌุจุงู„ู‡ุง ู„ู„ู€ PR ุจุชู… ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ูุงู„ู€ OH ูˆุงู„ู€ H ุดูˆ
350
00:32:21,150 --> 00:32:29,870
ู‡ูŠุนุทูˆู†ูŠุŸH2O ุทุจ ุงู„ PR minus ู…ุน ุงู„ NA ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ
351
00:32:29,870 --> 00:32:36,450
ุงู„ OH ููŠู‡ ู…ุนู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด NA ู…ุด ู‡ุฐู‡ NA plus OH minus
352
00:32:36,450 --> 00:32:40,230
Sodium hydroxide ุงู„ PR ุงู„ minus ู…ุน ุงู„ NA ุดูˆ
353
00:32:40,230 --> 00:32:49,340
ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ NA PR ุงู„ OH ู…ุน ุงู„ HH2O ูˆุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู€
354
00:32:49,340 --> 00:32:52,420
Double bond ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ู„ูˆ ุฑุฌุนุชู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุดูˆูุชูˆุง
355
00:32:52,420 --> 00:32:59,440
ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง Double bond NABR H2O ุดูˆูู†ุง ูƒูŠู
356
00:32:59,440 --> 00:33:05,560
ุจุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุงุฌุช ุงู„ OH ุฃุฎุฏุช H
357
00:33:05,560 --> 00:33:10,240
ุทู„ุนุช ุงู„ PR minus ุงู„ PR minus ู„ุฌุช ุงู„ NA plus ุนู…ู„ุช
358
00:33:10,240 --> 00:33:17,130
ู…ุนู‡ NABR ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุงู„ุนุถูˆู‰ ุตุงุฑDouble bond ุตุงุฑ ุงู„
359
00:33:17,130 --> 00:33:21,750
keen ุทุจุนุง ุงู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ูƒู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงูŠุด
360
00:33:21,750 --> 00:33:26,110
ุงู„ organic compound ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุชุญุตูŠู„ ุญุงุตู„
361
00:33:26,110 --> 00:33:33,550
ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุงู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู…ุนุงูƒ ูƒู„ูƒูˆุง
362
00:33:33,550 --> 00:33:37,010
ุงุชูู‚ุชูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุงู†ุงุด ููŠ ุงู„ NA ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูŠู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ OH
363
00:33:37,010 --> 00:33:42,130
ุจุฏู‡ุง H ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ carbon ุทุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ OH ูŠุง
364
00:33:42,130 --> 00:33:45,550
ุชูˆุฑุง ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุชุงุฎุฏ H ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰
365
00:33:45,550 --> 00:33:52,990
ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุงุฌุช ุงู„ OH ูˆุงุฎุฏุช ู‡ุฐู‡
366
00:33:52,990 --> 00:34:01,220
ุงู„ H ูˆุงุฑุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดุทุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ
367
00:34:01,220 --> 00:34:06,860
ุงู„ู€ OH ุจุฏู‡ ุงุชุด ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุดู…ุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูŠู…ูŠู† ุฅุฐุง
368
00:34:06,860 --> 00:34:10,720
ุฃุตุทุฏู…ุช ุจุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูˆูŠู† ุญูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุงู„ูƒูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุนุŒ
369
00:34:10,720 --> 00:34:16,140
ุญูŠุทู„ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุชุฌ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ H ู‡ุงูŠ ู…ูŠู„ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡
370
00:34:16,140 --> 00:34:19,820
ูˆูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ุŸ ู‡ุงู†ุŒ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃูŠ
371
00:34:19,820 --> 00:34:24,740
ุฃู„ูƒูŠู†ุŸ ุฃู„ูƒูŠู†ุŒ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ two butane ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
372
00:34:24,740 --> 00:34:29,550
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุŒ ุงู„ูˆุงู† ุจูŠูˆุชูŠู†ุฅุฐุง ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†
373
00:34:29,550 --> 00:34:33,690
ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุงุช ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ
374
00:34:33,690 --> 00:34:39,170
ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ keen ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุงุช ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚
375
00:34:39,170 --> 00:34:46,290
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง CH3 ูˆ CH3 ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ ู†ุงุชุฌ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู…ุง ุงุฎุชู„ููˆุง
376
00:34:46,290 --> 00:34:53,190
ุตุงุฑ ู‡ู†ุง CH3 ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง CH2 ูˆ CH3 ุตุงุฑูˆุงุชุฎูŠู„ ู„ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒุงู†
377
00:34:53,190 --> 00:34:59,030
ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุงุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ ูƒุงู… ู†ุงุชุฌ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
378
00:34:59,030 --> 00:35:03,990
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุงุชุฌ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู…ุด ุจุณ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุทู„ุน
379
00:35:03,990 --> 00:35:10,290
ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุชู„ุช ู†ูˆุงุชุฌ ุญุฏุซ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุชุฎูŠู„ุชูˆุง ุงู† ู‡ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ Cุจุฑ
380
00:35:10,290 --> 00:35:15,750
ูˆุญุทูŠุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู‡ุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง CH3 ูˆู‡ูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ุฒ
381
00:35:15,750 --> 00:35:24,570
ูˆุญุทูŠุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ CH2 CH3 ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
382
00:35:24,570 --> 00:35:35,590
ูˆุญุทูŠุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฑูƒู‘ุจ
383
00:35:35,590 --> 00:35:41,030
ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‰ ุฃุญุฐูู‡ ุงู†ุง ุดู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ PR
384
00:35:41,030 --> 00:35:48,250
ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ PR ุญุฐูู†ุงู‡ุง ูˆ hydrogen ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุฉ
385
00:35:48,250 --> 00:35:52,470
ู„ูˆ ุญุฐูุช ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ูˆูŠู† ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ double bondุŸ ุน ู‡ุฐุง
386
00:35:52,470 --> 00:35:55,890
ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู„ูˆ ุญุฐูุช ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ูˆูŠู† ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ double bondุŸ ุน
387
00:35:55,890 --> 00:35:58,410
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู„ูˆ ุญุฐูุช ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ูˆูŠู† ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ double
388
00:35:58,410 --> 00:36:02,270
bondุŸ ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู… ุงู„ keen ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ุŸ
389
00:36:02,270 --> 00:36:07,600
ุชู„ุงุชุฉุฌุฑุจูˆุง ุงู†ูƒู… ุงุชูƒู…ู„ูˆู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุงู„ double bond
390
00:36:07,600 --> 00:36:12,740
ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงูˆ ู‡ุงู† ุงูˆ ู‡ุงู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
391
00:36:12,740 --> 00:36:19,200
ูƒุงู… ู†ุงุชุฌ ุชู„ุช ู†ูˆุงุชุฌ ูˆ ู„ูˆ ู†ูุฐุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฐู ูˆ ุทู„ุนุชู‡ ููŠ
392
00:36:19,200 --> 00:36:23,360
ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุงูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุณู…ูŠุชู‡ู… ุญุชู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ู… ุชู„ุช ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
393
00:36:23,360 --> 00:36:31,220
ุงุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฐู ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงูŠุดุฃูƒุชุฑ
394
00:36:31,220 --> 00:36:36,340
ู…ู† ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุขู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุงู„ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ
395
00:36:36,340 --> 00:36:40,160
ูˆุงู„ุฌู„ู… ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ one butene ุงูˆ two butene ุงูˆ
396
00:36:40,160 --> 00:36:42,600
ู‡ุงู† ุงู„ double bond ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูˆ
397
00:36:42,600 --> 00:36:49,380
ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฑุงุณ ุจุงู„ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ู‡ู„ ูŠุง ุชุฑู‰ ููŠ ุดูŠุก
398
00:36:49,380 --> 00:36:53,880
ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุดูŠุก ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงุฎุฑ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ูƒ major
399
00:36:53,880 --> 00:37:01,440
product ูƒู†ุงุชุฌ ุฃุณุงุณูŠู‡ู„ ููŠ ุดูŠุก ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ูˆ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ
400
00:37:01,440 --> 00:37:06,080
ุงุนุชุจุฑู‡ ู†ุงุชุฌ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช
401
00:37:06,080 --> 00:37:11,640
ุจุงู„ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌู„ู… ู…ุธุจูˆุทูŠู† ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุฌุจุชู„ูƒูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุณุคุงู„ ููŠ
402
00:37:11,640 --> 00:37:16,500
ุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ูˆ ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุงูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ two bromobutane
403
00:37:16,500 --> 00:37:24,410
ู…ุน OH- ุงูƒุชุจูˆุง ุงู„ ุงู„ูƒูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุทู„ุนู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู…ุนูŠ
404
00:37:24,410 --> 00:37:29,890
ู‡ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุชู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุขู†
405
00:37:29,890 --> 00:37:36,960
ุจุฏู†ุง ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฃู†ุง
406
00:37:36,960 --> 00:37:43,580
ุจุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชูุตูŠู„ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง
407
00:37:43,580 --> 00:37:48,440
ู…ุนูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ู‡ Markovnikov
408
00:37:48,440 --> 00:37:53,320
ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู† ุฅูŠุด ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ MarkovnikovุŸ Markovnikov
409
00:37:53,320 --> 00:37:57,100
ูƒุงู† ูŠุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ double bond ูŠุญูˆู„ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ single bond
410
00:37:57,100 --> 00:38:02,360
ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ูˆูŠู† ู†ุญุท ุงู„ HุŸูˆุงู†ุง ุงุญุท ุงู„ PR ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰
411
00:38:02,360 --> 00:38:05,880
Markovnikov addition ูˆุงู†ุชูŠ Markovnikov addition ุงู„
412
00:38:05,880 --> 00:38:09,000
addition ุงู† ุงู„ double bond ุชุตูŠุฑ single bond ุงู„
413
00:38:09,000 --> 00:38:12,100
single
414
00:38:12,100 --> 00:38:17,080
bond ุชุตูŠุฑ double bondุฅุฐุง ุงู„ elimination ุนูƒุณ ุงู„
415
00:38:17,080 --> 00:38:23,140
addition ุงู„ุญุฏุซ ุนูƒุณ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏุซ ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ
416
00:38:23,140 --> 00:38:26,940
ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุน
417
00:38:26,940 --> 00:38:32,540
Markovnikov ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุนุงู„ู… ุงุณู…ู‡
418
00:38:32,540 --> 00:38:37,060
ZaitsevูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุจุญุฏูˆุฏ ุณู†ุฉ ุฃู„ู ูˆ
419
00:38:37,060 --> 00:38:41,940
ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† ููŠ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ Kazan ููŠ
420
00:38:41,940 --> 00:38:47,000
ุฑูˆุณูŠุง Markovnikov ุนู…ู„ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ Markovnikov ู„ู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ
421
00:38:47,000 --> 00:38:53,580
Zaitsev ุนู…ู„ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ Zaitsev ู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ู„ุญุฏุซ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃู†ุง
422
00:38:53,580 --> 00:38:58,180
ู…ุด ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู„ูƒู† ู„ุจุฃุณ ู†ุญูƒูŠู„ูƒูˆุง ูŠู‡ุง ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุฅูŠุด
423
00:38:58,180 --> 00:39:01,760
ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ Zaitsev ู„ู„ุญุฏุซุŸ
424
00:39:04,190 --> 00:39:09,270
Zaitsev's rule ุจุชูƒุชุจ ุจุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ Zaitsev
425
00:39:09,270 --> 00:39:13,810
ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฏุซ the more
426
00:39:13,810 --> 00:39:20,570
substituted ุงู„ keen will form the more substituted
427
00:39:20,570 --> 00:39:27,010
ุงู„ keen will form ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ keen ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ
428
00:39:27,010 --> 00:39:35,550
ุฅุจุฏุงู„ุงุจุฏูŠ ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู„ูƒูŠู† ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ุง ู…ุด ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ
429
00:39:35,550 --> 00:39:40,170
one butane ูˆ two butane ุงู„ู†ูˆุงุชุฌ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ุง
430
00:39:40,170 --> 00:39:44,910
ููŠู‡ู…ุŸ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู„ูƒูŠู† ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ุง
431
00:39:44,910 --> 00:39:49,670
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุนุฑู ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู„ูƒูŠู† ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ุง ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูŠุฌูŠ
432
00:39:49,670 --> 00:39:54,810
ู„ู„ุฃู„ูƒูŠู† ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ูุงู‡ู…ู‡ ุฃุจุณุท ุฃู„ูƒูŠู† ููŠ
433
00:39:54,810 --> 00:39:56,070
ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ุดูˆ ู‡ูˆุŸ
434
00:40:03,470 --> 00:40:06,010
ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
435
00:40:06,010 --> 00:40:07,090
ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
436
00:40:07,090 --> 00:40:07,810
ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
437
00:40:07,810 --> 00:40:10,050
ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
438
00:40:10,050 --> 00:40:10,510
ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
439
00:40:10,510 --> 00:40:10,830
ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
440
00:40:10,830 --> 00:40:11,270
ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
441
00:40:11,270 --> 00:40:17,890
ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ1 ู„ูˆ ุดูŠู„ุช ูƒู…ุงู† ู‚ุฏุด ูˆ ุฎู„ูŠุชู‡ุง R ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุดูŠู„ุช
442
00:40:17,890 --> 00:40:20,870
ูƒู…ุงู† ู‚ุฏุด ูˆ ุฎู„ูŠุชู‡ุง R ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุดูŠู„ุช ูƒู…ุงู† ู‚ุฏุด ูˆ
443
00:40:20,870 --> 00:40:21,530
ุฎู„ูŠุชู‡ุง R ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุดูŠู„ุช ูƒู…ุงู† ู‚ุฏุด ูˆ ุฎู„ูŠุชู‡ุง R
444
00:40:21,530 --> 00:40:23,530
ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู† ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู† ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู† ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู† ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู† ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู†
445
00:40:23,530 --> 00:40:25,170
ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู† ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู† ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู† ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู† ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู† ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู†
446
00:40:25,170 --> 00:40:25,250
ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู† ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู† ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู† ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู† ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู† ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู†
447
00:40:25,250 --> 00:40:28,010
ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู† ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู† ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู† ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู† ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู† ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู†
448
00:40:28,010 --> 00:40:37,750
ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู† ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู† ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู† ุงูุฏุงู„ูŠู†
449
00:40:37,750 --> 00:40:44,260
ุงูุฏุงู„ุงู„ุงู† ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุงุชุด ู†ูุชุฑุถ ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ R
450
00:40:44,260 --> 00:40:49,020
ูˆู‡ู†ุง ูƒุงู† R ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู… substitution ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
451
00:40:49,020 --> 00:40:54,860
ุงุฐุง ู…ูŠู† more substituted ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ุงุชูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
452
00:40:54,860 --> 00:40:59,000
ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆู„ุง ุงุจุฏุงู„ ุงู„ุงุชูŠู† ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆู„ุง ุงุจุฏุงู„
453
00:40:59,000 --> 00:41:02,460
ูˆู„ุง ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ุฉ ุงุจุฏู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู… ุงุจุฏุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ
454
00:41:02,460 --> 00:41:08,450
ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ูˆู„ุง ู‡ุฐุงู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู… ุฅุจุฏุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
455
00:41:08,450 --> 00:41:13,690
ุฌุงุจู„ู‡ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† R ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ which is more
456
00:41:13,690 --> 00:41:17,810
substituted ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ู‰ more substituted
457
00:41:17,810 --> 00:41:23,490
ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช R ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฅุฌูŠู†ุง ูˆ
458
00:41:23,490 --> 00:41:26,970
ุงุชุทู„ุนู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชู„ุงู† ูุตู„ูˆู„ูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ double
459
00:41:26,970 --> 00:41:30,610
bond ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ double bond ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
460
00:41:30,610 --> 00:41:33,790
ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ุฅุจุฏู„ุงุชุŸ ู„ุง
461
00:41:36,790 --> 00:41:43,570
ูˆ ู‡ุงู† H ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดุทุจู†ุงู‡ุง ูˆ ู‡ุงู† K ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูƒูˆุง
462
00:41:43,570 --> 00:41:49,770
ุชู‚ุงุฑู†ูˆู‡ ุจุงู„ ุฅุซู„ูŠูŠู† ูƒุงู… ุฅูุฏุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูˆ
463
00:41:49,770 --> 00:41:54,550
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู†ุดุฑ ูˆ ุชุตูŠุฑ H ุจูŠุจุทู„ ู…ุจุฏู„ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู… ุฅูุฏุงู„
464
00:41:54,550 --> 00:41:58,970
ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุฅุฌูŠุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„
465
00:41:58,970 --> 00:42:05,590
double bond ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒู…ุŸ H ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ูุตู„ุชู‡ู…
466
00:42:06,370 --> 00:42:13,290
ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒู…ุŸ carbon ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู‚ุฏู„ุฉ
467
00:42:13,290 --> 00:42:20,510
ูˆู‡ู†ุง carbon ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู… ุฅุจุฏุงู„ุŸ ุงุชู†ูŠู† which is more
468
00:42:20,510 --> 00:42:24,670
substituted ุงู„ two butyl is more substituted than
469
00:42:24,670 --> 00:42:30,950
one butyl ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† major product ุดูˆูุชู‡ ูƒูŠูุŸ
470
00:42:31,530 --> 00:42:35,370
ุงู„ู€ two butane is more substituted ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ
471
00:42:35,370 --> 00:42:38,810
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุชูŠู† ุฃู„ูƒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ double bond ุฃู†ุง ุจุณ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰
472
00:42:38,810 --> 00:42:42,610
ุฃุทุฑุงู ุงู„ double bond ูˆ ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ู„ู„ุฅุจุฏุงู„ ุฌุฏูŠุด
473
00:42:42,610 --> 00:42:48,110
ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
474
00:42:48,710 --> 00:42:54,390
ุงุจุฏุงู„ูŠู† ุงุฐุง this compound is more substituted than
475
00:42:54,390 --> 00:42:58,790
this compound ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ more substituted ู‡ูˆ
476
00:42:58,790 --> 00:43:04,510
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ major product ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุงุนุทูŠูƒู… ุณุคุงู„ homework
477
00:43:04,510 --> 00:43:08,730
ุงุชุฌุฑุจูˆุง ุชุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ ูˆ ุจู†ู†ู‡ูŠ ููŠู‡ ู„ูˆ ูŠุง ุชุฑู‰ ุญุทูŠู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง
478
00:43:08,730 --> 00:43:14,690
ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ูˆ ุญุทูŠู†ุง ู„ูƒู… ุจ ุง ุญุทูŠู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง c H3 ูˆ ุญุทูŠู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง
479
00:43:14,690 --> 00:43:24,890
ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ุฒูˆู… H ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุญุทูŠู†ุง CHCH3 ูˆุงู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุญุทูŠู†ุง CH3
480
00:43:24,890 --> 00:43:33,170
ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ุงูƒุชุจูˆู„ูŠ ู†ูˆุงุชุฌ ุงู„ุงุจุฏุงู„ ูˆ ุงู‚ูˆู„ูˆู„ูŠ ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ
481
00:43:33,170 --> 00:43:39,530
ููŠู‡ู… ุงู„ major ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠุงู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ OH minus ูŠุนู…ู„
482
00:43:39,530 --> 00:43:45,900
ุงุจุฏุงู„ elimination ู‡ูˆ ุงูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุนููˆุง ุงู„ุญุฏุซ ู†ูˆุงุชุฌ
483
00:43:45,900 --> 00:43:51,160
ุงู„ุญุฏุซ ุงูƒุชุจูˆู„ูŠ ู†ูˆุงุชุฌ ุงู„ุญุฏุซ ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู†ุฉ ูˆ ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู…
484
00:43:51,160 --> 00:43:58,080
ุงู„ major product ุงู„ุงู† ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู…ุน ุงู„ุญุฏุซ ููŠู‡ ูƒู…ุงู†
485
00:43:58,080 --> 00:44:03,980
ุงูŠุด ุงุจุฏุงู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ู„ุง ูŠู„ููƒ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง
486
00:44:03,980 --> 00:44:10,140
ุจุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ ู†ุงุชุฌ ุงุจุฏุงู„ูˆู†ุงุชุฌ ุญุฐู ุจู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุญุณุจ ุธุฑูˆู
487
00:44:10,140 --> 00:44:14,980
ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ูˆุญุณุจ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ู„ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุณุคุงู„ู†ุง
488
00:44:14,980 --> 00:44:21,260
ุจุฏ ู†ูˆุงุชุฌ ุงู„ุญุฐู ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ูˆุงูŠ ู†ุงุชุฌ ู…ู†
489
00:44:21,260 --> 00:44:27,340
ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ูˆุงุชุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนุชุจุฑุงู„ู€ major product ุถุงูŠู„
490
00:44:27,340 --> 00:44:31,260
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุดุบู„ุชูŠู† ุตุบุงุฑ ุจุฏูˆู† ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุชูŠู† ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ
491
00:44:31,260 --> 00:44:35,840
ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ ูˆ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ slides ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒู…
492
00:44:35,840 --> 00:44:42,280
ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุชุทุจูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ู†ูˆุฌูŠู† compounds ูŠุนู†ูŠุงู„ู€
493
00:44:42,280 --> 00:44:44,700
Methyl bromide ูŠุณุชุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€
494
00:44:44,700 --> 00:44:47,940
Dichloromethane ูŠุณุชุนู…ู„ solventุŒ ุงู„chloroform
495
00:44:47,940 --> 00:44:52,680
solventุŒ ุงู„ุชูู„ูˆู† ู…ุงุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒู…ุŒ ุงุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู†ู‡ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ
496
00:44:52,680 --> 00:44:57,300
ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ูƒู„ูˆุฑ ูˆ ูู„ูˆุฑูˆ ูƒุงุฑุจูˆู† ุจูŠุณุชุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุง
497
00:44:57,300 --> 00:45:02,630
ุบุงุฒุงุช ุซู„ุงุฌุงุช ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง chlorofluorocarbonsู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง
498
00:45:02,630 --> 00:45:07,610
ุงู„ูุฑูŠูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฏู…ุฑ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฒูˆู† ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ู€CFC ุดูˆ
499
00:45:07,610 --> 00:45:12,290
ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุงุŸ ุงูƒู„ูˆุฑูˆ ูู„ูˆุฑูˆ ูƒุงุฑุจูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ูˆุฑ ู‡ูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑ
500
00:45:12,290 --> 00:45:16,750
ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงุฑุจูˆู† ุตุงุฑ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€CFC ููŠู‡ุง ูƒู„ูˆุฑ ูˆ ูู„ูˆุฑ ู…ูŠู†
501
00:45:16,750 --> 00:45:21,930
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทู„ุน ุฒุนู„ุงู†ุŸ ูƒุงุฑุจูˆู† ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุงู„ูˆุฌูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ
502
00:45:21,930 --> 00:45:27,650
ุดู…ู‡ุŸ ูƒู„ูˆุฑ ูˆ ูู„ูˆุฑ ุจุฑูˆู…ุทุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูƒุจุงุช ุงู„ CFCs ููŠู‡ุง
503
00:45:27,650 --> 00:45:32,770
ูƒู„ูˆุฑ ูˆ ูู„ูˆุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุฑูˆู…ุŸ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุฑูˆู… ุดูˆ
504
00:45:32,770 --> 00:45:38,630
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงุณู…ู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ุงู„ูˆู†ุฒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูƒู„ูˆุฑ ูˆ ูู„ูˆุฑ ูˆ ูƒุงุฑุจูˆู†ุฒ ูˆ
505
00:45:38,630 --> 00:45:43,090
ููŠู‡ู… ุจุฑูˆู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑูˆุง ู‡ุงู„ูˆู†ุฒ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุดูˆ ุงู„ ู‡ุงู„ูˆู†ุฒุŸ
506
00:45:43,090 --> 00:45:46,630
ุงุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทูุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุงุจ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนุงุฏุฉ
507
00:45:46,630 --> 00:45:50,570
ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุบุทู‰ ุฃุฎุถุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทููŠุงุช ุจุฏูŠ ุงุณุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู„ุฅุทูุงุก ุญุฑุงุฆู‚
508
00:45:50,570 --> 00:45:55,210
ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ุทูุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุบุงุฒุบุงุฒุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุชุนุจู‰ ูู‰
509
00:45:55,210 --> 00:45:58,910
ุงู„ุทูุงูŠุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ู… ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ hellons ู„ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู„ูƒูˆุง ุดูˆ ุงู„
510
00:45:58,910 --> 00:46:04,190
hellonsุŸ ุงู„ chlorofluorocarbons ุญู…ู„ูŠู† ุจุฑูˆู… ูŠุนู†ู‰
511
00:46:04,190 --> 00:46:07,270
chlorofluorobromocarbons
512
00:46:07,270 --> 00:46:12,310
ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ูˆูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ูˆูƒู„ ุงุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู„ู‡ุง ุงุณู… ุชุฌุงุฑู‰ ุจู†ุจุงุนู‡ ูˆ
513
00:46:12,310 --> 00:46:16,610
ุจู†ุดุฑู‡ ูˆ ุจู†ุนุจู‰ ูู‰ ุงู„ุทูุงูŠุฉ ุงุจู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ู†ุชู‡ู‰ ู…ู† chapter
514
00:46:16,610 --> 00:46:19,710
ุงู„ alkalites ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ุจู†ุจุชุฏู‰ ูู‰
515
00:46:19,710 --> 00:46:21,670
ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ algorithms