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1
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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…ุŒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ูƒู…ู„ ุญุฏูŠุซู†ุง ุนู†
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ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุงุณุชุซู…ุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฏูุน ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉุŒ ู†ุญู†
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ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู…ู† ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃูˆ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฏูุน ูˆู…ู†
4
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ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃูˆ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฏูุน ูˆู…ู† ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃูˆ
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ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฏูุน ูˆู…ู† ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃูˆ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
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ุงู„ุฏูุน ูˆู…ู† ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃูˆ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฏูุน. ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
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ุณูˆู ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณูŠุดุชุบู„
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ูˆูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุชุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ูˆูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุชุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ูˆูƒู…ูŠุฉ
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ุชุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ูˆูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุชุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ูˆูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุชุดุชุบู„
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ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ูˆูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุชุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ูˆูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุชุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ
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ู„ู†ุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูˆุถุน ู…ุฑู†ุงู‹ุŒ
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ู…ู† ุณูŠุญู…ู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุซู…ู†ุŸ ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูŠู†ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุŒ
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ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูˆุถุน ู…ุฑู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุณูŠุญู…ู„ ุงู„ูˆุถุน
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ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุซู…ู† ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ู‡ู…ู‹ุง ู„ู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ูˆู„ุฏูŠู‡
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ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุชุทู„ู‚ ุถุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู†
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ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุฃูˆ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุงุชุŒ ูุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุทู„ุจ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†
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ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ. ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ุณุนุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุฃูˆ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
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ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฃูˆ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒู† ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง
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ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุฉ A. ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
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ู„ู„ุชูˆุงุฒู† ูˆุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุชูˆุงุฒู† ู‡ูŠ PE ูˆุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ
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ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุชูˆุงุฒู† ู‡ูŠ QE. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ู‚ุงู…ุช
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ุจุฃู‡ุฏุงูุŒ ูู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ุจ ูู‡ูˆ S + T ู„ุฐู„ูƒ
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุชูˆุงุฒู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช E2 ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ
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ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ูˆู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชูˆุงุฒู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
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ู„ูƒูŠ ู†ู‚ุฑุฑ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุฃูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑู‡ุง.
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ู…ู† ุฃุณูˆุงู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุณูŠูˆุท ุฃูˆ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุชุฏูุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ูŠ
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ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุถุฑูŠุจูŠุฉุŒ ู†ุนู….
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ู†ุนู…ุŒ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑุงุฆุจ
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ู„ู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ู‚ุฑุฑ ูƒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุทู„ุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ูˆูƒู…
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ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุนุฑุถ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…. ุนู„ู‰
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ุฃุนู„ู‰ุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
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ุงู„ู…ุทู„ุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู….
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ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
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ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚
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ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚
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ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚
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ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚
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ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚
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ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃ
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ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ
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ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุฃู† ุฃุตู„ ุงู„ุณุนุฑ ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
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ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
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ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
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ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
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ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
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ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
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ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
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Let us suppose that the original equilibrium
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price is eight and the original quantity is six. If
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the government imposed a tax of three dollars, this
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is the tax equals three dollars, so
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let's determine ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุชูˆุงุฒู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ
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ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ. ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฌุฒุก
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ู…ู† A2 ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุฑุถ 1
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ู…ู† A2 ุฅู„ู‰ A2 ุฅู„ู‰ A2 ุฅู„ู‰ A2 ุฅู„ู‰ A2 ุฅู„ู‰ A2 ุฅู„ู‰
65
00:06:14,530 --> 00:06:20,350
A2 ุฅู„ู‰ A2 ุฅู„ู‰ A2 ุฅู„ู‰ A2 ุฅู„ู‰ A2 ุฅู„ู‰ A2 ุฅู„ู‰ A2 ุฅู„ู‰
66
00:06:20,350 --> 00:06:27,410
A2 ุฅู„ู‰ A2 ุฅู„ู‰ A2 ุฅู„ู‰ A2 ุฅู„ู‰ A2 ุฅู„ู‰
67
00:06:44,900 --> 00:06:52,480
ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฒุฑู‚ุงุก. ู„ุฐุง ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุถุน
68
00:06:52,480 --> 00:06:59,020
ุฃูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุถุฑูŠุจูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ
69
00:06:59,020 --> 00:07:03,660
ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†
70
00:07:03,660 --> 00:07:08,040
ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ
71
00:07:08,040 --> 00:07:08,440
ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†
72
00:07:08,440 --> 00:07:08,820
ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†
73
00:07:08,820 --> 00:07:12,740
ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†
74
00:07:12,740 --> 00:07:12,920
ุฃูƒุซุฑ
75
00:07:21,590 --> 00:07:28,390
9 - 6 ร— 4 = 9
76
00:07:28,390 --> 00:07:41,590
- 6 ร— 4 = 9 - 6 ร— 4
77
00:07:46,100 --> 00:07:53,880
12. ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ
78
00:07:53,880 --> 00:07:54,960
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
79
00:07:54,960 --> 00:07:57,540
ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ
80
00:07:57,540 --> 00:08:01,020
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ
81
00:08:01,020 --> 00:08:06,920
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
82
00:08:06,920 --> 00:08:08,060
ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ
83
00:08:08,060 --> 00:08:10,620
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
84
00:08:10,620 --> 00:08:12,460
ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ
85
00:08:12,460 --> 00:08:12,860
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
86
00:08:17,440 --> 00:08:21,580
ุจู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ
87
00:08:21,580 --> 00:08:24,900
ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ
88
00:08:24,900 --> 00:08:26,460
ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ
89
00:08:26,460 --> 00:08:27,540
ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ
90
00:08:27,540 --> 00:08:28,520
ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ
91
00:08:28,520 --> 00:08:28,620
ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ
92
00:08:28,620 --> 00:08:29,360
ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ
93
00:08:29,360 --> 00:08:29,460
ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ
94
00:08:29,460 --> 00:08:34,020
ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ
95
00:08:34,020 --> 00:08:39,420
ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ
96
00:08:39,420 --> 00:08:41,600
ุงู„ุชูŠ
97
00:08:46,760 --> 00:08:54,460
ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ 9
98
00:08:54,460 --> 00:09:03,480
- 8 ร— 4 = 9 - 8 ร— 4
99
00:09:03,480 --> 00:09:12,080
9 - 8 ร— 4 = 9 - 8 ร— 4 = 9 - 8 ร— 4
100
00:09:19,680 --> 00:09:38,540
ุจุนุฏ ูƒู…ุŸ 8 - 6 ร— 4 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุตุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฒุฑุงุก 8 - 6 ร— 4
101
00:09:45,510 --> 00:09:49,610
ู…ุฑุชูŠู† ูˆ 4 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8
102
00:09:49,610 --> 00:09:54,190
ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8
103
00:09:54,190 --> 00:09:56,130
ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8
104
00:09:56,130 --> 00:09:57,530
ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8
105
00:09:57,530 --> 00:09:58,370
ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8
106
00:09:58,370 --> 00:10:01,930
ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8
107
00:10:01,930 --> 00:10:07,190
ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ 8 ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ
108
00:10:23,810 --> 00:10:28,190
ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑู‰ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ .. ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ
109
00:10:28,190 --> 00:10:30,570
.. ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ .. ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ .. ุนู†ุฏู…ุง
110
00:10:30,570 --> 00:10:30,950
ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ .. ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ .. ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ
111
00:10:30,950 --> 00:10:31,210
ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ .. ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ .. ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ
112
00:10:31,210 --> 00:10:31,270
ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ .. ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ .. ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ
113
00:10:31,270 --> 00:10:31,590
ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ .. ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ .. ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ
114
00:10:31,590 --> 00:10:31,770
ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ .. ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ .. ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ
115
00:10:31,770 --> 00:10:32,130
ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ .. ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ .. ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ
116
00:10:32,130 --> 00:10:34,270
ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ .. ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ .. ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ
117
00:10:34,270 --> 00:10:38,870
ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ .. ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ .. ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ
118
00:10:38,870 --> 00:10:47,130
ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ .. ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ .. ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ
119
00:10:47,130 --> 00:10:47,410
..
120
00:10:54,140 --> 00:10:59,400
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุทุงูˆุนุฉ ุฏู…ุงุบ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†
121
00:10:59,400 --> 00:11:02,560
ู…ุทุงูˆุนุฉ ุฏู…ุงุบ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉุŒ ู…ู† ุณูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ
122
00:11:02,560 --> 00:11:07,000
ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉุŸ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุณูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ
123
00:11:07,000 --> 00:11:15,760
ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ. ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑู‰ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุทุงูˆุนุฉ
124
00:11:15,760 --> 00:11:22,320
ุฏู…ุงุบ ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ. ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุจุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ
125
00:11:25,210 --> 00:11:27,630
ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ููŠ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุนุฑุถ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„
126
00:11:27,630 --> 00:11:28,430
ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„
127
00:11:28,430 --> 00:11:32,490
ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„
128
00:11:32,490 --> 00:11:37,750
ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„
129
00:11:40,550 --> 00:11:47,750
ุฃูˆ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ PE1 ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุนุฑ
130
00:11:47,750 --> 00:11:55,010
ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ูˆุงู„ุณุนุฑ ู„ู„ุชูˆุงุฒู† ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ูˆููŠ E1 ู‡ุฐุง QE1
131
00:11:55,010 --> 00:11:58,930
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู„ู„ุชูˆุงุฒู† ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู…
132
00:11:58,930 --> 00:12:04,050
ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุจุฅุนุทุงุก...ู‡ู†ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ุนุฑุถุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง
133
00:12:04,050 --> 00:12:10,430
ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุถุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒู… ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู„ู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ
134
00:12:10,430 --> 00:12:15,810
ูˆู…ุง ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู„ู„ุนุฑุถุŒ ููƒู…ุง ุชุฑู‰ ุงู„ู…ุทุงูˆุนุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ
135
00:12:15,810 --> 00:12:22,610
ู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† A1 ุฅู„ู‰ A2 ู„ุชุญุถูŠุฑ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
136
00:12:22,610 --> 00:12:22,990
ุงู„ุถุฑูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ
137
00:12:28,350 --> 00:12:33,650
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ
138
00:12:33,650 --> 00:12:36,250
ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ
139
00:12:36,250 --> 00:12:36,890
ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ
140
00:12:36,890 --> 00:12:37,270
ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ
141
00:12:37,270 --> 00:12:37,370
ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ
142
00:12:37,370 --> 00:12:37,450
ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ
143
00:12:37,450 --> 00:12:39,650
ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ
144
00:12:39,650 --> 00:12:48,910
ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ
145
00:12:48,910 --> 00:12:53,290
ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ
146
00:12:54,820 --> 00:12:59,820
ู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠ ู…ู†
147
00:12:59,820 --> 00:13:07,040
ุงู„ู€ A1. ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
148
00:13:07,040 --> 00:13:10,820
ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
149
00:13:10,820 --> 00:13:17,650
ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚
150
00:13:17,650 --> 00:13:21,770
ุงู„ู€ A1ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุถ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช
151
00:13:21,770 --> 00:13:27,130
ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉุŒ ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑู‰ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุบูŠุฑ
152
00:13:27,130 --> 00:13:31,730
ู…ุฑุชุจุทุŒ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุนุฑุถ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช
153
00:13:31,730 --> 00:13:35,870
ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุทู„ุจ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉุŒ
154
00:13:35,870 --> 00:13:38,750
ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุฌุฒุฆูŠู‹ุง ุจุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช
155
00:13:38,750 --> 00:13:42,790
ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูŠู† ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุฌุฒุฆูŠู‹ุง ุจุงู„ู€
156
00:13:42,790 --> 00:13:51,110
ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุณุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ูƒู…ุŸ ู†ุตู
157
00:13:51,110 --> 00:13:51,790
ู†ุตู
158
00:13:51,790 --> 00:13:54,370
ู†ุตู
159
00:13:54,370 --> 00:13:56,450
ู†ุตู
160
00:13:56,450 --> 00:14:00,770
ู†ุตู
161
00:14:00,770 --> 00:14:01,550
ู†ุตู
162
00:14:01,550 --> 00:14:10,050
ู†ุตู
163
00:14:15,110 --> 00:14:22,670
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠ E1 ุซู… E2 ุซู… S ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุฃุณูู„ ู…ู†
164
00:14:22,670 --> 00:14:25,190
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ุฃุณุนุงุฑ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุงุช
165
00:14:25,190 --> 00:14:27,670
ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุงุช
166
00:14:27,670 --> 00:14:28,130
ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุงุช
167
00:14:28,130 --> 00:14:28,170
ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุงุช
168
00:14:28,170 --> 00:14:28,550
ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุงุช
169
00:14:28,550 --> 00:14:30,690
ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุงุช
170
00:14:30,690 --> 00:14:34,930
ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุงุช
171
00:14:34,930 --> 00:14:35,110
ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุงุช
172
00:14:35,110 --> 00:14:38,270
ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุงุช
173
00:14:38,270 --> 00:14:45,840
ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุงุช. ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ 50 ุดุฎุตู‹ุง.
174
00:14:57,650 --> 00:15:02,810
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ู…ุฑุชุจุทู‹ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู…ูŠุฒุŒ ู…ุซู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†
175
00:15:02,810 --> 00:15:05,870
ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ู…ุฑุชุจุทู‹ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู…ูŠุฒ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ
176
00:15:05,870 --> 00:15:09,930
ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌุŒ ูููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŒ ุฅุฒุงู„ุฉ
177
00:15:09,930 --> 00:15:16,150
ุงู„ุฃุณุนุงุฑ ู„ู† ุชุบูŠุฑ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฌุฑุฏ
178
00:15:16,150 --> 00:15:16,670
ู…ุฌุฑุฏ
179
00:15:16,670 --> 00:15:17,130
ู…ุฌุฑุฏ
180
00:15:17,130 --> 00:15:17,170
ู…ุฌุฑุฏ
181
00:15:27,600 --> 00:15:29,480
ุฃูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
182
00:15:29,480 --> 00:15:48,500
ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
183
00:15:48,500 --> 00:15:52,680
ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
184
00:15:56,120 --> 00:15:59,800
ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ
185
00:15:59,800 --> 00:16:02,520
ู„ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ
186
00:16:02,520 --> 00:16:04,900
ู„ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ
187
00:16:04,900 --> 00:16:06,180
ู„ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ
188
00:16:06,180 --> 00:16:08,020
ู„ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ
189
00:16:08,020 --> 00:16:11,060
ู„ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ
190
00:16:11,060 --> 00:16:13,080
ู„ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ
191
00:16:13,080 --> 00:16:14,260
ู„ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ
192
00:16:14,260 --> 00:16:23,980
ู„ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ
193
00:16:28,870 --> 00:16:34,210
ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุฑุถ ุฃูˆ ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚
194
00:16:34,210 --> 00:16:40,750
ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ
195
0
223
00:19:10,860 --> 00:19:15,760
ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…
224
00:19:15,760 --> 00:19:16,080
ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…
225
00:19:16,080 --> 00:19:16,440
ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…
226
00:19:16,440 --> 00:19:16,500
ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…
227
00:19:16,500 --> 00:19:16,580
ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…
228
00:19:16,580 --> 00:19:17,560
ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…
229
00:19:17,560 --> 00:19:22,880
ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…
230
00:19:22,880 --> 00:19:23,500
ู†ุนู…
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ู„ู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง
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ุงู„ุงู†ุชุงุฌ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุงุฌ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุฑุชุจุท
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ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ู„ุฐุง ูุงู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู‡ูˆ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ
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ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†
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ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌูŠุฉุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ S1 ุฅู„ู‰ S2
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ู…ู† E1 ุฅู„ู‰ E2ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ู…ู† E2
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ุฅู„ู‰ S1ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ
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ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ
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ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ
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ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ
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ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ
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ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ
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ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ
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ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ
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ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ุงุŸ ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
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ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ
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ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ููŠ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ููŠ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
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ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ููŠ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญ
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ููŠ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ููŠ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ
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ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ููŠ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ููŠ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
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ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ููŠ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญ
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ููŠ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ููŠ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุบูŠุฑ
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ู…ุฑุชุจูุทุฉุŒ ูู„ู†ุฐู‡ุจ
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ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุขุฎุฑ ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
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ุจูŠู† ุทุงู‚ุงุช ูˆู…ูŠุฒุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉุŒ ุทุงู‚ุงุช ูˆู…ูŠุฒุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉุŒ ุทุงู‚ุฉ ูˆู…ูŠุฒุฉ
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ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุชูƒุงุชู ูˆุงู„ุชูˆุชุงู„ ุฑูŠููŠู†ูŠูˆ ู„ู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุฃู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช
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ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุชุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุชูƒุงุชู ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
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1ุŒ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ 2. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ุฅูŠู‚ุงู„ูŠุจุฑูŠูˆู… ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ E1 ูˆE2
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ููŠ E1ุŒ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ู‡ูˆ 8 ูˆุงู„ู…ู‚ุนุฏ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ู‡ูˆ 6ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง
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ุชู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุจุฃุนุทุงุก ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุŒ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ุฅูŠู‚ุงู„ูŠุจุฑูŠูˆู… ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ
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ู‡ูˆ 9 ุฃูˆ E2ุŒ ูˆู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ู‡ูˆ 9ุŒ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุทุงู„ุจ
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ู‡ูˆ 4. ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุจุฅุนุทุงุก ุงู„ุณุนุฑุŒ ุณุนุฑู‡ุง
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ูŠุฒูŠุฏ
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ูŠุฒูŠุฏ
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ูŠุฒูŠุฏ
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ูŠุฒูŠุฏ
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ูŠุฒูŠุฏ
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ูŠุฒูŠุฏ
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ูŠุฒูŠุฏ
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Demand is elastic. The
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government imposed a tax or F. The government
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imposed a tax. This leads to a reduction in supply.
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Then
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the price would increase.
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ูˆูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ูˆูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุฃู†ู†ุง ู‚ุฏ ุฏุฑุณู†ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช ุจูŠู†
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ู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูˆุชุงู„ ุฑูŠููŠู†ูŠูˆ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง
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ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฒุงุฏุช ู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠูุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„
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ููŠ ุงู„ุชูˆุชุงู„ ุฑูŠููŠู†ูŠูˆ. ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌุฉ ููŠ
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ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…
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ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู†ุฏ ุชุทุจูŠู‚
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ูˆุงู„ุทู„ุจ ุฅู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุทู„ุจ
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ุฅู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุทู„ุจ ุฅู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุทู„ุจ ุฅู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠ
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุทู„ุจ ุฅู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุทู„ุจ ุฅู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุทู„ุจ
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ุฅู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุทู„ุจ ุฅู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุทู„ุจ ุฅู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠ
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ุฅู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุทู„ุจ ุฅู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠ
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ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ Elasticity ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุฃูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠุฉ
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ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ุงู„ุชูˆุชุงู„ ุฑูŠููŠู†ูŠูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ
289
00:24:47,760 --> 00:24:55,040
ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉุŒ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุชู‚ู„ู‘ุต ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌุฉ ููŠ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
290
00:24:55,040 --> 00:25:00,460
ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌุฉ ููŠ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชูˆุชุงู„ ุฑูŠููŠู†ูŠูˆุŒ ุณุชุชู‚ู„ู‘ุต ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุชุทู„ุจ
291
00:25:00,460 --> 00:25:10,930
ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌุฉุŒ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชุชู‚ู„ู‘ุต ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช 10%ุŒ ูˆู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ุง
292
00:25:10,930 --> 00:25:16,910
ุชุชู‚ู„ู‘ุต ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุนุงุฑ 2%ุŒ ูˆุฎูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„
293
00:25:16,910 --> 00:25:21,190
ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑูŠุฉุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
294
00:25:22,340 --> 00:25:27,660
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุนุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ุฅูŠู‚ุงู„ูŠุจุฑูŠูˆู…
295
00:25:27,660 --> 00:25:33,580
ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ููŠ 8 ูˆ6ุŒ ููŠ E2ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุจุฅุนุทุงุก
296
00:25:33,580 --> 00:25:38,160
ุฏูุนุฉุŒ ูˆู†ุญู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุฅูŠู‚ุงู„ูŠุจุฑูŠูˆู… ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ E2ุŒ ุงู„ุณุนุฑ
297
00:25:38,160 --> 00:25:43,540
9ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณุนุฑ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู‡ูˆ 4. ุชุฎุทูŠุท ู…ูุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู€ Total
298
00:25:43,540 --> 00:25:49,120
Revenue ู‚ุจู„ ุฏูุนุฉ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฏูุนุฉ. ูุงู„ู…ูุณุชุฎุฏู…
299
00:25:52,760 --> 00:26:00,940
TR = P x Q
300
00:26:00,940 --> 00:26:04,080
TR = P x Q
301
00:26:04,080 --> 00:26:04,480
TR = P x Q
302
00:26:04,480 --> 00:26:05,040
TR = P x Q
303
00:26:05,040 --> 00:26:10,360
TR = P x Q
304
00:26:10,360 --> 00:26:16,040
TR = P x Q
305
00:26:16,040 --> 00:26:24,140
TR = P x QุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ
306
00:26:24,140 --> 00:26:26,500
ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ ุจุนุฏ
307
00:26:26,500 --> 00:26:33,560
ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ
308
00:26:33,560 --> 00:26:35,440
ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ
309
00:26:35,440 --> 00:26:35,680
ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ
310
00:26:35,680 --> 00:26:36,980
ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ
311
00:26:36,980 --> 00:26:38,140
ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ
312
00:26:38,140 --> 00:26:41,720
ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ
313
00:26:41,720 --> 00:26:48,900
ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ
314
00:26:48,900 --> 00:26:50,640
ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ
315
00:26:52,100 --> 00:26:58,780
ู…ุงุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุŸ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุชูˆุชุงู„ ุฑูŠููŠู†ูŠูˆุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ
316
00:26:58,780 --> 00:27:04,460
ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชูˆุชุงู„ ุฑูŠููŠู†ูŠูˆ ู…ุฑู…ูˆุฒู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ
317
00:27:04,460 --> 00:27:09,880
ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุฑู…ูŠุฒู‡ุŒ ูุณูŠุฒุฏุงุฏ ู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ุŒ ูˆุชูˆุชุงู„ ุฑูŠููŠู†ูŠูˆ ุณูŠุชู‚ู„ู‘ุต ู…ู†
318
00:27:09,880 --> 00:27:18,450
ุงู„ู…ูุณุชุฎุฏู…ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุชูˆุชุงู„ ุฑูŠููŠู†ูŠูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑู…ูˆุฒุŒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
319
00:27:18,450 --> 00:27:26,310
ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŒ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุชุŒ ูˆู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช
320
00:27:26,310 --> 00:27:27,810
ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช
321
00:27:27,810 --> 00:27:30,030
ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช
322
00:27:30,030 --> 00:27:38,370
ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช
323
00:27:38,370 --> 00:27:40,890
ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช
324
00:27:46,890 --> 00:27:50,190
ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุนุงุฑุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุทุงู„ุจุฉ ุบูŠุฑ
325
00:27:50,190 --> 00:27:56,490
ู…ูุณุชู‚ู„ู‘ุฉุŒ ูุฅู† ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุนุงุฑ ุณุชุณุจุจ ููŠ ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุณุชุณุจุจ
326
00:27:56,490 --> 00:28:00,190
ููŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุŒ ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ูƒุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช
327
00:28:00,190 --> 00:28:03,250
ุงู„ู…ุทุงู„ุจุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูุณุชู‚ู„ู‘ุฉุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ู‚ุงู…ุช
328
00:28:03,250 --> 00:28:07,030
ุจุชุฑู…ูŠุฒู‡ุงุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠุณุจุจ ููŠ ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑุŒ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
329
00:28:07,030 --> 00:28:09,230
ุงู„ู…ูุณุชู‚ุจู„ุŒ ูˆุณุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ูุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠ
330
00:28:13,760 --> 00:28:24,960
ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุตู E1ุŒ E2ุŒ 5ุŒ E1
331
00:28:24,960 --> 00:28:38,460
8ุŒ 6ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช 6ุŒ ุฅุฐุง
332
00:28:38,460 --> 00:28:40,280
ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ TR1
333
00:28:43,530 --> 00:28:45,910
ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ
334
00:28:45,910 --> 00:28:46,410
ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ
335
00:28:46,410 --> 00:28:57,590
ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ
336
00:28:57,590 --> 00:28:59,710
ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ
337
00:28:59,710 --> 00:29:07,510
ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ
338
00:29:07,510 --> 00:29:11,630
ุชูู„ุงุญุธ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ููŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ leftward curve
339
00:29:11,630 --> 00:29:16,210
ุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฅู‚ุชุฑุงุจูŠุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ุงู„ุณุนุฑ ู‡ูˆ 10
340
00:29:16,210 --> 00:29:21,430
ูˆุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ูŠุชู‚ู„ู‘ุต ู…ู† 5ุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู†ุŒ
341
00:29:21,430 --> 00:29:28,410
ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุนุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ
342
00:29:28,410 --> 00:29:32,130
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ TR2
343
00:29:34,510 --> 00:29:40,710
= P2 x Q2
344
00:29:40,710 --> 00:29:45,090
x 5
345
00:29:45,090 --> 00:29:51,110
P2 x 5
346
00:29:51,110 --> 00:29:56,730
x 5ุŒ ุขุณูุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุฅุฒุงู„ุฉุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุดูƒุฑู‹ุงุŒ
347
00:29:56,730 --> 00:30:03,590
ุฅุฒุงู„ุฉุŒ ูˆู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชุชู‚ู„ู‘ุตุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช
348
00:30:03,590 --> 00:30:07,470
ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุจูŠู† ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ูˆู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุชู‚ู„ู‘ุต ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉุŒ
349
00:30:07,470 --> 00:30:12,350
ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุชู†ุงุŒ ู†ุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชุชู‚ู„ู‘ุตุŒ
350
00:30:12,350 --> 00:30:21,350
ุจุณุจุจ ุชู‚ุณูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑุŒ ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ู…ู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŸ ู‡ู„
351
00:30:21,350 --> 00:30:27,470
ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ู„ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉ 6ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ุฎุงุต
352
00:30:27,470 --> 00:30:36,310
ุจุดุฑูƒุฉ consumer behavior
353
00:30:36,310 --> 00:30:42,750
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง
354
00:30:42,750 --> 00:30:45,800
ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจุดุฑูƒุฉ consumer behaviorุŒ ู†ุญู†
355
00:30:45,800 --> 00:30:51,880
ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู‡ุฏูุŒ ูˆุงู„ู‡ุฏู ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจุงู„ุดุจุงุจ. ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู
356
00:30:51,880 --> 00:30:57,800
ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจุงู„ุดุจุงุจุŸ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ู‡ูˆ
357
00:30:57,800 --> 00:31:02,280
ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุดุฑุจ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ.
358
00:31:04,620 --> 00:31:08,960
ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ู„ู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ
359
00:31:08,960 --> 00:31:11,200
ู‡ูˆ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ
360
00:31:11,200 --> 00:31:14,120
ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ
361
00:31:14,120 --> 00:31:14,500
ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ
362
00:31:14,500 --> 00:31:14,780
ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ
363
00:31:14,780 --> 00:31:15,100
ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ
364
00:31:15,100 --> 00:31:18,980
ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ
365
00:31:18,980 --> 00:31:30,890
ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ. ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ุฃู†
366
00:31:30,890 --> 00:31:34,430
ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุณูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ุฃูˆ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ
367
00:31:34,430 --> 00:31:37,630
ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุดุชุบู„ ุจู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุณุงุนุฏุงุช
368
00:31:37,630 --> 00:31:40,830
ูˆู…ุณุงุนุฏุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
369
00:31:40,830 --> 00:31:41,050
ูˆู…ุณุงุนุฏุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
370
00:31:41,050 --> 00:31:41,570
ูˆู…ุณุงุนุฏุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
371
00:31:41,570 --> 00:31:41,870
ูˆู…ุณุงุนุฏุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
372
00:31:41,870 --> 00:31:49,290
ูˆู…ุณุงุนุฏุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
373
00:31:49,290 --> 00:31:59,960
ูˆู…ุณุงุนุฏุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ุฃูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ู†ุนู…
374
00:31:59,960 --> 00:32:00,680
ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุบูŠุฑ
375
00:32:00,680 --> 00:32:01,040
ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุบูŠุฑ
376
00:32:01,040 --> 00:32:02,140
ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุบูŠุฑ
377
00:32:02,140 --> 00:32:03,320
ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุบูŠุฑ
378
00:32:03,320 --> 00:32:05,220
ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุบูŠุฑ
379
00:32:05,220 --> 00:32:10,020
ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุบูŠุฑ
380
00:32:10,020 --> 00:32:15,280
ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุบูŠุฑ
381
00:32:15,280 --> 00:32:24,250
ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ. ู‡ูˆ ูŠุญูุธ ุฃูˆ ูŠุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡
382
00:32:24,250 --> 00:32:26,070
ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ
383
00:32:26,070 --> 00:32:27,070
ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ
384
00:32:27,070 --> 00:32:27,590
ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ
385
00:32:27,590 --> 00:32:28,370
ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ
386
00:32:28,370 --> 00:32:29,550
ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ
387
00:32:29,550 --> 00:32:33,470
ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ
388
00:32:33,470 --> 00:32:33,790
ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ
389
00:32:33,790 --> 00:32:38,030
ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ
390
00:32:38,030 --> 00:32:44,470
ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ
391
00:32:44,470 --> 00:32:52,190
ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ. ุขุฎุฐ ุฎู…ุณ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ู…ู†
392
00:32:52,190 --> 00:32:59,350
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŒ ุฃุณุชุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅุจุฑุŒ ูˆุฃุญูุธู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู‘ุงุฏ
393
00:32:59,350 --> 00:33:06,550
ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุขุฎุฐ ุฎู…ุณ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุตุจุงุญุŒ ุญุณู†ุงุŸ
394
00:33:06,550 --> 00:33:13,820
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŒ ุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ุŒ ูˆูŠูุณู…ู‰
395
00:33:13,820 --> 00:33:21,040
ูŠูˆู†ุชุŒ ู„ูƒู† ูƒู… ุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุŒ ูƒู… ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡
396
00:33:21,040 --> 00:33:30,840
ูุถู„ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ุงุชุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุขุฎุฐ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†
397
00:33:30,840 --> 00:33:40,260
ูˆุฃุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุŒ ูู‡ูˆ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† 5 ูŠูˆู†ุช
398
00:33:41,790 --> 00:33:50,050
ุฃูˆ ุฎู…ุณ ู…ุฌู„ุฏุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูุงุชูŠุญุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ุฑุฑ
399
00:33:50,050 --> 00:33:56,870
ุฃู† ุขุฎุฐ ุฅุถุงูุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
400
00:33:56,870 --> 00:33:56,890
ุฃู† ุขุฎุฐ ุฅุถุงูุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
401
00:33:56,890 --> 00:33:57,290
ุฃู† ุขุฎุฐ ุฅุถุงูุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
402
00:33:57,290 --> 00:33:58,330
ุฃู† ุขุฎุฐ ุฅุถุงูุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
403
00:33:58,330 --> 00:34:00,270
ุฃู† ุขุฎุฐ ุฅุถุงูุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
404
00:34:00,270 --> 00:34:05,990
ุฃู† ุขุฎุฐ ุฅุถุงูุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
405
00:34:08,490 --> 00:34:16,270
ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฎู…ุณ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†
406
00:34:16,270 --> 00:34:22,330
ุจุนุฏ ุฎู…ุณ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉุŒ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุคู„ู…ู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุณูŠุตุจุญ ุถุฑุจ
407
00:34:32,570 --> 00:34:38,070
ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉุŒ ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ุฅู†ู‡ุง
408
00:34:38,070 --> 00:34:44,470
ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ู„ุฃู‚ุฑุงุต
409
00:34:44,470 --> 00:34:51,910
ุงู„ุงุฏูˆูŠุฉุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ู…ุฑูŠุถู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุช ุชุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุถุŒ
410
00:34:51,910 --> 00:35:00,110
ูุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ู‚ุฑู‘ุฑ ุฃูˆ ู†ุตุญูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฃุฎุฐ 5 ุฃู‚ุฑุงุต ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
411
00:35:02,490 --> 00:35:09,830
ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ู‚ุฑู‘ุฑ ุฃูˆ ู†ุตุญูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฃุฎุฐ ุฎู…ุณ ุฃู‚ุฑุงุต ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
412
00:35:09,83
445
00:38:22,250 --> 00:38:24,130
ูุฅุฐุง ุฃุฎุฐ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ุฃุฎุฐ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุฌู„ุฏ
446
00:38:24,130 --> 00:38:26,290
ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ุฃุฎุฐ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŒ ูุฅุฐุง
447
00:38:26,290 --> 00:38:31,510
ุฃุฎุฐ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ุฃุฎุฐ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ู…ู†
448
00:38:31,510 --> 00:38:39,210
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ุฃุฎุฐ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ุฃุฎุฐ
449
00:38:39,210 --> 00:38:42,490
ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ุฃุฎุฐ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ู…ู†
450
00:38:42,490 --> 00:38:49,020
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ุฃุฎุฐ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุฌู„ุฏุŒ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุฃุถุงู ู„ู†ุง ุฅุถุงูุฉ
451
00:38:49,020 --> 00:38:55,580
ุฅุถุงููŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง 7 ุฅุถุงูุงุช ุฅุถุงููŠุฉ
452
00:38:55,580 --> 00:39:02,900
453
00:39:04,520 --> 00:39:09,640
ุฃุถุงู ุฅุถุงูุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŒ ุฅุฐุง
454
00:39:09,640 --> 00:39:23,680
ุฃุนุทุงู†ูŠ 6 ุฌู…ู„ ุฃูˆ 6 ูŠูˆู†ุช ุฃูˆ 24 ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ
455
00:39:23,680 --> 00:39:27,900
ูŠูˆู†ุช ุฃูˆ ูŠูˆู†ุช ุฃูˆ ูŠูˆู†ุช ุฃูˆ ูŠูˆู†ุช ุฃูˆ ูŠูˆู†ุช ุฃูˆ ูŠูˆู†ุช ุฃูˆ
456
00:39:27,900 --> 00:39:29,180
ูŠูˆู†ุช ุฃูˆ ูŠูˆู†ุช ุฃูˆ ูŠูˆู†ุช
457
00:39:33,730 --> 00:39:39,770
ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃุถูุช ุงู„ู€ 6132
458
00:39:39,770 --> 00:39:48,750
ูŠุนุทูŠ 2 ุฌู‡ุงุฒูŠู† ุฃูˆ 2 ุฃุนู…ุงู„ุŒ ุงู„ู€ 7 ู„ุง ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุฃูˆ
459
00:39:48,750 --> 00:39:50,570
ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุฃุนู…ุงู„
460
00:39:50,570 --> 00:39:51,410
ุฃูˆ ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ
461
00:39:51,410 --> 00:39:51,430
ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุฃุนู…ุงู„
462
00:39:51,430 --> 00:39:51,990
ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ
463
00:39:51,990 --> 00:39:54,230
ุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ
464
00:39:54,230 --> 00:39:59,350
ุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุนู…ุงู„
465
00:39:59,350 --> 00:40:01,110
ุฃูˆ ุน
466
00:40:05,660 --> 00:40:11,380
ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ
467
00:40:11,380 --> 00:40:18,260
ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ
468
00:40:18,260 --> 00:40:25,060
ุชู…ุชู„ูƒู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุŒ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
469
00:40:37,640 --> 00:40:43,840
ูˆู‡ูˆ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹
470
00:40:43,840 --> 00:40:52,520
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹
471
00:40:52,520 --> 00:40:53,920
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹
472
00:40:53,920 --> 00:40:53,960
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹
473
00:40:53,960 --> 00:40:56,640
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุช
474
00:41:00,020 --> 00:41:08,400
ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…ุŒ MU ุฃูˆ Marginal Utility
475
00:41:08,400 --> 00:41:20,360
ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุŒ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุŒ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุŒ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„
476
00:41:20,360 --> 00:41:22,840
ุงู„ุขู†
477
00:41:32,870 --> 00:41:39,230
MU MU MU MU MU MU MU MU MU MU MU MU
478
00:41:39,230 --> 00:41:40,650
MU MU MU MU MU MU MU
479
00:42:01,720 --> 00:42:11,540
TU2-TU1 / Q2-Q1. This is the marginal utility. To
480
00:42:11,540 --> 00:42:15,940
calculate the marginal utility or MU. In the first
481
00:42:15,940 --> 00:42:18,420
case, there is no change because the total utility
482
00:42:18,420 --> 00:42:21,240
is zero, and then the marginal utility is zero as
483
00:42:21,240 --> 00:42:36,450
well. At the second case, 5-0 over 1-0 = 5 MU. 5-0 over 1
484
00:42:36,450 --> 00:42:44,730
-0 = 5 over 1 equals 5. 11
485
00:42:44,730 --> 00:42:49,590
-5 over 2-1 = 6. 11
486
00:42:55,090 --> 00:43:05,470
-5 over 2-1 = 6 over 1 equals 6, and so
487
00:43:05,470 --> 00:43:20,590
on. 18 minus 11 over 1 = 7. 6, 4, 2, 0, -3, -5.
488
00:43:20,590 --> 00:43:29,610
yes, unknown or zero. ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชูƒุชุจู‡ุง ูƒู€ - ุฃูˆ ุตูุฑุŒ
489
00:43:29,610 --> 00:43:36,230
ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุดุฑุญุŒ ุฃูˆ ู†ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช ุจูŠู†
490
00:43:36,230 --> 00:43:38,530
ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ Marginal Utility ูˆุงู„ู€ Total Utility
491
00:43:38,530 --> 00:43:46,870
ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ Graphs.
492
00:43:53,050 --> 00:44:03,240
ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุง... ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุฑุณู…ุŒ ู…ุน ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฃูˆ
493
00:44:03,240 --> 00:44:10,340
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉุŒ ุณูˆู ู†ุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุชุชุจุน ู…ู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู€
494
00:44:10,340 --> 00:44:15,000
total utility curveุŒ ู‡ุฐุง
495
00:44:15,000 --> 00:44:19,400
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ total utilityุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ marginal utility
496
00:44:19,400 --> 00:44:22,980
M
497
00:44:27,360 --> 00:44:33,260
Marginal UtilityุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠุŒ ู‡ูˆ
498
00:44:33,260 --> 00:44:37,740
ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชู…ุชุน ุจู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠ
499
00:44:37,740 --> 00:44:44,740
ูˆุงู„ู€ Marginal ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠุŒ ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠ
500
00:44:44,740 --> 00:44:51,540
ูˆุงู„ู€ Marginal ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠุŒ ู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„
501
00:44:51,540 --> 00:44:55,040
ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠ ูˆุงู„ู€ Marginal ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุซู„ุงุซ
502
00:44:55,040 --> 00:44:55,500
ู…ุฑุงุช
503
00:45:02,360 --> 00:45:07,540
ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุŒ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ. ุจุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ
504
00:45:07,540 --> 00:45:14,760
ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุทุงุจู‚ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ
505
00:45:14,760 --> 00:45:25,060
ุฃูˆ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุทุญุŒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุทุญ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
506
00:45:25,060 --> 00:45:32,260
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุฒุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุŒ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠุฉ
507
00:45:32,260 --> 00:45:40,200
ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠู‡ุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠุฉ
508
00:45:40,200 --> 00:45:52,900
ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠู‡ุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠุฉ
509
00:45:52,900 --> 00:45:56,900
ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠุฉ
510
00:45:56,900 --> 00:45:57,600
ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠุฉ
511
00:45:57,600 --> 00:46:07,740
ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู†
512
00:46:07,740 --> 00:46:11,200
ู†ุตู
513
00:46:11,200 --> 00:46:18,100
ุฅู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŒ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒู‡ ุจู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†
514
00:46:18,100 --> 00:46:23,340
ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒู‡ุŒ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒู‡ ุจู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒู‡ุŒ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ
515
00:46:23,340 --> 00:46:31,160
ู…ู† ู†ุตู ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณุชุฉุŒ ุจุชุฒุงูŠุฏุŒ ูููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ MU
516
00:46:31,160 --> 00:46:38,620
ู…ุชุฒุงูŠุฏุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
517
00:46:56,200 --> 00:47:01,680
ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† 4 ุฅู„ู‰ 6ุŒ ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠุฉ
518
00:47:01,680 --> 00:47:04,720
ุฃุนู„ู‰
519
00:47:04,720 --> 00:47:15,700
ู…ู† 24 ุฅู„ู‰ 28ุŒ ู…ู† ูƒู…ุŸ ู…ู† 4ุŒ ูˆู…ู† 20 ุฅู„ู‰ 8ุŒ ู…ู† 30ุŒ ู…ู†
520
00:47:15,700 --> 00:47:22,950
2ุŒ ูุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠุฉ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉุŒ ุซู… ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ูŠุฉ
521
00:47:22,950 --> 00:47:34,950
ุชุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† 6 ุฅู„ู‰ 4 ุฅู„ู‰ 2 ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู†
522
00:47:34,950 --> 00:47:39,570
4 ุฅู„ู‰ 6 ุฃูˆ
523
00:47:39,570 --> 00:47:42,550
ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ 7
524
00:47:45,420 --> 00:47:50,040
ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ 6ุŒ ู‡ูƒุฐุง. So in this case, total utility
525
00:47:50,040 --> 00:47:57,580
increasing by decreasing rate, and MU is
526
00:47:57,580 --> 00:48:04,260
decreasing and positive. MU is decreasing and
527
00:48:04,260 --> 00:48:14,010
positive at the maximum of total utility. ุฃูˆ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง
528
00:48:14,010 --> 00:48:19,290
ูŠุตู„ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠ ู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ุŒ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠ ู„ุฃุนู„ู‰
529
00:48:19,290 --> 00:48:21,610
ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ุŒ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠ ู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ุŒ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠ
530
00:48:21,610 --> 00:48:31,670
ู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ุŒ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…
531
00:48:31,670 --> 00:48:33,290
ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠ
532
00:48:43,070 --> 00:48:49,230
ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉุŒ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉุŒ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ุŒ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ุŒ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ุŒ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ุŒ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹
533
00:48:49,230 --> 00:48:53,990
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ุŒ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ุŒ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ุŒ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ุŒ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ุŒ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ุŒ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹
534
00:48:53,990 --> 00:48:54,070
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ุŒ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ุŒ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ุŒ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ุŒ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ุŒ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ุŒ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹
535
00:48:54,070 --> 00:48:57,370
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ุŒ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹
536
00:48:57,370 --> 00:49:00,770
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹
537
00:49:00,770 --> 00:49:10,590
ุชู‚
538
00:49:12,500 --> 00:49:19,120
ูˆุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉุŒ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง
539
00:49:19,120 --> 00:49:24,360
ุงุชุฎุฐุช ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ
540
00:49:24,360 --> 00:49:26,480
ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุงุชุฎุฐุชุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุชุฎุฐุช
541
00:49:26,480 --> 00:49:28,040
ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุชุฎุฐุชุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠุฉ
542
00:49:28,040 --> 00:49:28,400
ุงุชุฎุฐุช
543
00:49:34,960 --> 00:49:40,480
ูƒู…ุง ุชุดุงู‡ุฏุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† 0 ุฅู„ู‰ A ุฅู„ู‰ B
544
00:49:40,480 --> 00:49:47,660
ุฅู„ู‰ C. ู…ู† 0 ุฅู„ู‰ AุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„
545
00:49:47,660 --> 00:49:48,480
ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„
546
00:49:48,480 --> 00:49:52,280
ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„
547
00:49:52,280 --> 00:49:53,140
ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„
548
00:49:53,140 --> 00:49:53,180
ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„
549
00:49:53,180 --> 00:49:55,040
ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„
550
00:49:55,040 --> 00:49:56,180
ูŠู‚ู„
551
00:50:05,380 --> 00:50:09,460
ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†
552
00:50:09,460 --> 00:50:10,040
ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†
553
00:50:10,040 --> 00:50:10,260
ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†
554
00:50:10,260 --> 00:50:15,940
ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†
555
00:50:15,940 --> 00:50:22,040
ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†
556
00:50:22,040 --> 00:50:22,900
ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†
557
00:50:22,900 --> 00:50:23,360
ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†
558
00:50:23,360 --> 00:50:24,680
ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†
559
00:50:24,680 --> 00:50:24,760
ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†
560
00:50:24,760 --> 00:50:31,640
ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†
561
00:50:31,640 --> 00:50:43,140
ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุŒ ุซู… ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ ุชุชู‚ู„ู‘ุตุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
562
00:50:43,140 --> 00:50:47,120
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
563
00:50:47,120 --> 00:50:47,600
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
564
00:50:47,600 --> 00:50:48,260
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
565
00:50:48,260 --> 00:50:49,760
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
566
00:50:49,760 --> 00:50:54,320
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
567
00:50:54,320 --> 00:50:54,360
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
568
00:50:54,360 --> 00:50:59,760
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู…
569
00:51:05,340 --> 00:51:12,240
ุซู… ู…ู† B ุฅู„ู‰ C ุชู‚ู„ู‘
570
00:51:12,240 --> 00:51:13,700
ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุน
571
00:51:13,700 --> 00:51:14,940
ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุน
572
00:51:14,940 --> 00:51:15,120
ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุน
573
00:51:15,120 --> 00:51:17,460
ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุน
574
00:51:17,460 --> 00:51:19,000
ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุน
575
00:51:19,000 --> 00:51:22,080
ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุน
576
00:51:22,080 --> 00:51:34,560
ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงู„ูˆ
577
00:51:37,560 --> 00:51:41,460
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณุจุนุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู„ู€ Marginal Utility ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
578
00:51:41,460 --> 00:51:49,500
ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŒ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู‡ูŠ 3. ู‡ู„
579
00:51:49,500 --> 00:51:50,340
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŸ