PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/0vEMRT6IPqo.srt

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We're going to read and perhaps have a point of 

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entry to Thomas Hardy's poem, The Oxen.

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I'm sure like you had a look at the poem and you

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might have read it aloud. Did anybody of you read 

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the poem aloud? Have you read the poem? Those who 

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have read the poem, what do you think? Do you like

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it? Is it a poem? 

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It's not a poem. It's difficult.

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So when you were reading the poem, what did you 

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think it was about? 

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Actually, when I read the poem, maybe I was 

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confused. You were confused? Yes. And I can guess

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it is about a religious idea. Uh-huh. So yes, yes,

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you think this is like there is something about 

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religion? And people are changing or what? How do 

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you know that? When he speaks about the kids, using 

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kids in the present and in the past. In the past means 

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shifting from the present moment. So as he converts to 

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the past. You see he's like contrasting. Okay, show me

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how he's contrasting. Because it's very 

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interesting like to know you know how he's

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contrasting. 

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So you have 

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the past and the present. You think that people in 

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the past were something and in the present they

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are something else. Good. Let's see another

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student. It's very important that you participate 

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because this will help you in your participation

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mark, you know. Yes. Those who have read the poem. 

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Yes, please. Exactly. Actually, when I read the 

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poem, I did not understand the whole idea because

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I think the poem uses a difficult language. Like 

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what? Like a gloom? Yeah, and even you didn't find

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this in the dictionary. So what did you do? You

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just found it difficult and you said you gave up? 

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But do you think it is specifically about

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religion? Because here, Is it about religion or is 

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more about religion? 

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Okay,

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so good. I'm very happy this is a real response. 

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Yes, another response? Does anybody have a written 

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response? 

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Okay, yes. 

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Do you have a response here? Do you want to read 

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it? No, I think the poem, it's sort of... At 

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first, he talks about the bath, then he 

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presents... I am confusing the poem. It's very 

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difficult. Also, his language is difficult. Okay. 

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But, like... I see that nobody has tried to read 

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the poem aloud. And even nobody... In the morning, 

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I was browsing YouTube. And I found the poem in 

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songs and it was recited by many people. Did you 

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try like this? It is there. But, yes. You watch a

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video? So, I don't know, how would you like read

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this poem? Can anybody like give a try and read

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this poem?

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It should be like this, Christmas Eve and 12 of 

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the clock, now they are all on their knees like 

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this. How should we read the poem? Okay, let me 

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read the first stanza and then ask you one 

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question. Christmas Eve and 12 of the clock, now 

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they are all on their knees and elders sit as we 

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sat in a flock. by the embers in heart side E's. 

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Okay, here in this stanza, somebody is talking. 

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Yes? But I want to ask you, how many voices do we 

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have in this stanza? 

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How many voices do we have in this stanza? One

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voice? Two voices, where are they?

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The elder and the poet, the poet. So when we read

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this, we should read, we should simulate or try to 

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imitate it in a good way. Like here, we have the 

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poet who's telling us and we have this direct

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speech. So how should it be read then?

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How should it be read? 

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Should we give like, yes? Yes,

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so if you were to teach this at school, and then 

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you ask your students to read this aloud, how

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should they read it, you know, you think? 

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Okay, do you want to give yourself like, okay. I'm 

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inviting everybody like to try. Christmas Eve and 

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12 o'clock, now they are all on their knees. And 

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they offer self as we sat in a park by the embers

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in hardside caves. Uh-huh. Do you think? Little 

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bit different. Little bit different, but it's not

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like as you want. What do you want it to be like? 

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Okay, come on, you know? Go ahead, read it. Just I 

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want you to read this. 

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Yes? Go ahead. Okay, I won't like you to read it. 

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That's it. You know, this is like, you know, 

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because we have two voices. You know? Could you do

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it again? Christmas Eve at 12 of the clock. Now

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they are all in their knees. And elders sit as we 

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sat in a flock by the embers in here still. In the

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heart side east. Wow, yes. Like here, Christmas 

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Eve and 12 of the clock. Now they are all on their

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knees. An elder said, as we sat in the block, by 

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the embers in hardside east. It seems like, you 

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know, what is the picture here? What is the 

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picture? Like, have you visualized the picture? 

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Can you visualize the picture? What is the picture

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here? We have a picture. Now, poets draw pictures

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by words. So what is the picture? It is, you know, 

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like, do we have a party here? Do we have, like,

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anniversary, like today's anniversary? Yes. Yes, 

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it's a Christmas day. It's a Christmas day? Yes. 

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An older man come and speak for a group of people.

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So, a speaker? Speaker, yes. And he's scribing the

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oxen outside in the pen. They are kneeling when 

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the... So he's describing. You think that 

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somebody's, you know, like talking to people in a

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big rally like today? In a big rally, where? Like,

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do you think, what is the place? The picture is, 

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you know, people and they are listening to 

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somebody, an elder telling them, describing, you

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said, What is the real picture?

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What is the real picture? 

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Yeah, it's a house. It's a church. Yeah, because

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Christmas, you know, it's a Christmas Eve, you

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know, just one day before Christmas. So, 

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Yeah, it could be a house, it could be a church, 

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but this is like the occasion, it is clear. It is 

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Christmas. 

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And it seems like these people are getting ready

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to Christmas. But how are they getting ready? By

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getting together and somebody is telling them 

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stories. Stories about what? About the oxen? What

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has the oxen to do with Christmas?

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You know, it's a question. I'm just like, what do 

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the oxen have to do with Christmas? It's a

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question we should answer. I don't want to go deep

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in the poem today, I want, like, to concentrate,

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to focus on what you said. Like, it seems, you 

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know, that the poet in this poem is contrasting 

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between two words, the word of the past and the 

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word of the present. Okay, this is what you felt.

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And you said that the word of the present was, 

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you know, religious.

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was full of religion, and the word of the past, 

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sorry, the word of the past was very religious,

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and the word of the present is not. This reminds 

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us of whom? Of, no, William Wordsworth or Dover 

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Beach, the one we all love, let us be true, the 

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sea of faith, if you remember. Good. Now, I want 

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to give you a small exercise. Imagine you're 

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sitting with your grandma and she's talking about 

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the past. 

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You know? How do you think she would, you know,

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tell stories about the past? What would she say

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about the past? and compared or contrasted with 

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the present. Do you think she would prefer the

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present to the past? Okay, what would she say 

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about the past? Imagine.

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She would be confident when she speaks about the

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past. Yeah, she would be confident when she talks 

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about the past. She will praise the past. She will 

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praise the past for what? Why? That people love

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each other. Okay, that people were caring. Loved

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each other? Yes, and faced the problem by

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cooperation. Yes. Okay. 

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So yeah, she would talk about cooperation, about

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social conjugation. 

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Yeah, about simplicity, honesty. Strong

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relationship. Strong relationship. And of course,

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she would talk this as antithesis of the present.

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So it's like when she talks about the past in this

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way, in fact, she's complaining about the present.

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When she says in the past, life was simple, it 

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means now it is complicated. Life was full of 

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cooperation, it means today we have selfishness. A 

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life of caring, today we have carelessness

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and so on. Do you think this is happening in the

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poem? Is Hardy contrasting between two words?

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Yes, I think he contrasted between two words,

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especially children. Let's draw boundaries here.

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Like the poem, as you see, I don't know, the poem

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here, as you see, he's talking, you know. 

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So we have four stanzas, I think. 

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This is the stanza number one, Christmas Eve, we

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pictured. We have four stanzas. So if you say, 

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Like, where is he speaking about the present and

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where is he speaking about the past? In which

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stanza is he speaking about the present? Okay, I

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want you like to have one minute or two minutes to

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look, you know, on your notebook and to tell me 

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where he's speaking about the present and where 

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he's speaking about the past. Go ahead. Where is 

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he speaking about the present and where is he 

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speaking about the past? Look at your notebook.

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Where? Where? The problem is like you are not

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reading. You want to listen to me. That's it. 

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modern life, everything has changed. You know, we

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lost the flavor of the past. It happened the same,

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you know, like the same happened here.

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It happened the same, you know, here. I mean, the

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same thing happened, you know, in the past. The

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Christmas celebrations were different. In the

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present, you know, they are different. Okay? Do

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you have an idea how Christians celebrate

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Christmas in the past, for example? Or you didn't

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like

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You know, in, for example, in the early, you know,

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literary forms, like before, in the past, they

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used to, like actors, you know, people, religious

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people, they used to have, you know, you know,

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carriages and they go from one place to another to

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tell stories about the birth of Jesus Christ.

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Nowadays, they don't do this anymore. I, you know,

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I spent like three days over Christmas with an

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English family. They do, you know, what they do on

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Christmas, like, I think they just listen to the

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queen's speech. Some of them, the religious might

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go to the church, but there are even no churches

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nowadays. They would just celebrate by eating and

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talking, decorating the trees. So the

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manifestations are not very traditional. In the

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past, they were different. Now, in fact, Hardy,

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yes, in this poem, tries to describe two words. A

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word of the past, which was full of serenity,

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love, cooperation, and a word of the present,

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which, you know, lacks all these things.

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Now, in fact, if you go to your reader, I left for

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you, or there is, you know, a stylistic analysis

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of this poem, and how Hardy, you know, was

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deliberate, chose certain, I mean, stylistic

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choices, like tenses, pronouns, to describe each

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word. So when you read it, will be in a better

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position even to understand the poem more. And

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this is what we are going to do next time. But,

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you know, let me continue reading the poem. in

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order to have a better idea about the pictures in

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the poem. So, as we said, the picture in the poem,

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you are having a group of people listening to a

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senior, he could be a priest, telling them stories

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about the birth of Jesus Christ. So when we

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sometimes tell the stories of Prophet Muhammad,

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peace be upon him, birth, like, What do we talk

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about, like, when Muhammad, peace be upon him, was

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born? What do we say? What happened in the

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universe? So we might refer to some miracles. Now

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also in Christianity, when they talk about Jesus,

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they talk about miracles that took place in... Do

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we have any miracle here? What is the miracle? You

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know what is the miracle? Something unbelievable.

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Do we have any miracle here marking the birth of

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Jesus Christ? Yes, the oxen kneeling. Because we

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know the oxen are animals. Ox, you know, and oxen.

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Oxen are animals. So how come they kneel? They

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kneel Why? Why would they kneel? Because Jesus

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Christ was born. So this is one of the miracles

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that coincided with the birth of Jesus Christ. Can

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you remember any miracle coincided with the birth

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of Prophet Muhammad? What happened?

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What happened when he, what happened to the

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palaces of, you know, the Persian palaces that

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were shaken? Yes? When prophet, and this is an

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assignment for you, like, what happened when

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Jesus, when sorry, when Muhammad, peace be upon

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him, was born? What miracles can you tell me?

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You see what I mean? The miracles that accompanied

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the birth of Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him.

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You should know that. Okay, see here, one of the

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miracles, like the oxen were kneeling. Now, if you

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tell a believer about this, what would his

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reaction be?

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If you tell this story, if you tell the story of

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the shaking off of the Persian palaces when

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Muhammad peace be upon him was born, what would a

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Muslim or a believer say? No? I don't believe?

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This is ridiculous? Or he would take it for

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granted? he would take it for granted. Similarly,

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this is what is happening here. We pictured the

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meek, mild creatures where they dwelt, what

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happened, where they dwelt in their straw weapon.

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Can I have, do you have the reader? We pictured.

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What does it mean we pictured? We pictured. What

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does it mean we pictured? To picture something?

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To imagine something. So what was the reaction of

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people? We pictured the creatures.

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I don't know, something happened.

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We pictured the creatures. We pictured the

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creatures doing what? Kneeling. So, it means our

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reaction was A reaction of trust, belief, you

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know? So this is something good or bad? It is good

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when you like trust.

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It takes time, you know? So we pictured the meek,

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you know? mild creatures where they dwelt in their

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straw pen. Nor did it occur to one of us that they

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were kneeling.

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Okay, but what would happen if somebody is telling

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us a story nowadays about this? Say, no, I don't

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trust you. Come, come and show me. This is the

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difference. Okay? Like this is you know exactly

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what is happening in the poem. So I won't like to

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finish at this limit because today outside we have

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celebrations. But as you see this is a point of

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entry. Next time we are going to conduct stylistic

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analysis. We're going to see how the poet you know

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by certain stylistic choices entrenched like the

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division between the past and the present and we

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are going to see also the attitude of the Pole.

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Thank you very much and see you like Saturday.