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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:01,400 --> 00:00:06,900
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:06,900 --> 00:00:11,860
7
+ ุงู„ู€ non-nuclear phagocytes in immune defense ุฏูˆุฑู‡ุง
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:11,860 --> 00:00:18,960
11
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ูˆู…ุงุฐุง ุชุนู…ู„
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:18,960 --> 00:00:26,000
15
+ ุงู„ู€ macrophage ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† highly efficient phagocytes
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:26,000 --> 00:00:31,480
19
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏูˆุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ phagocytic cell ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ูˆู‡ูŠ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:31,480 --> 00:00:37,360
23
+ ุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑู‹ุง ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ pathogen ุฅุนู„ุงู‚ ูˆุฅุทู„ุงู‚
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:37,360 --> 00:00:43,500
27
+ ูˆุฅุฒุงู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุชุดูŠู„ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฏุจุฑูŠุฒ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ cells ุงู„ู„ูŠ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:43,500 --> 00:00:48,180
31
+ ู…ุงุชุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ูˆู…ุด
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:48,180 --> 00:00:51,120
35
+ ุจุณ ููŠูƒ ุงู„ู€ macrophage ุจุชุนุจุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cell
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:51,120 --> 00:00:55,200
39
+ mediated immunity ูˆ recognition of an intracellular
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:55,200 --> 00:00:59,380
43
+ pathogen ูˆdefense against them ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ mycobacteria
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:59,750 --> 00:01:02,970
47
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจุงู„ู€ Granuloma accumulation
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:02,970 --> 00:01:08,150
51
+ of the site of infection and formation of the
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:08,150 --> 00:01:14,450
55
+ granuloma ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุจูŠู† ู„ู†ุง ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:14,450 --> 00:01:18,050
59
+ macrophage ูˆ dendritic cell in cell in immune
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:18,050 --> 00:01:25,310
63
+ defense mechanism ูˆู†ุดูˆู ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู†
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:25,310 --> 00:01:30,110
67
+ ุงู„ู€ Macrophage ู„ู‡ุง ุณุช ูˆุธุงุฆู ุฃูˆ ุจุชู„ุนุจ ููŠ ุณุช ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:30,110 --> 00:01:34,730
71
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุฏูˆุฑ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ innate immunity
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:34,730 --> 00:01:39,570
75
+ and Optical Clearance ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ Non-specific ุฃูˆ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:39,570 --> 00:01:45,350
79
+ Non-opsinic Receptor ุฃู†ูุงุฌูˆู‡ ุณูŠุชูˆุณุณ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:45,350 --> 00:01:48,970
83
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ acquired humoral
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:48,970 --> 00:01:53,830
87
+ immunity ูˆู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ Antibody and Complement Dependent
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:53,830 --> 00:01:58,010
91
+ Phagocytosis and Cytotoxicity ููŠ ุฑูŠุณุจุชุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:58,010 --> 00:02:04,230
95
+ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ inflammation and
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:04,230 --> 00:02:11,030
99
+ repair and tissue injury ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ certain mediators
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:12,180 --> 00:02:17,140
103
+ At of local and systemic response So one can ูŠุนู†ูŠ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:17,140 --> 00:02:21,460
107
+ at site of infection or at distance ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:21,460 --> 00:02:25,380
111
+ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ acquired immunity ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ antigen
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:25,380 --> 00:02:31,200
115
+ processing and presentation ูˆุทุจุนุงุชุฑุชูŠุจู‡ุง ู„ู„ู€
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:31,200 --> 00:02:35,400
119
+ Dendritic cell ุซู… ู„ู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆููŠุฑุฌ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู„ู‡ุง ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:35,400 --> 00:02:38,820
123
+ Acquired Cellular Immunity ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ Activation
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:38,820 --> 00:02:44,020
127
+ Activation of Macrophage Effector Mechanism By ุงู„ู€
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:44,020 --> 00:02:49,720
131
+ NK and T Cell ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ุฒู… ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง ุซู…
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:49,720 --> 00:02:56,320
135
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู„ู‡ุง ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Immunosuppression ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:56,320 --> 00:03:03,960
139
+ Tolerance Versus Auto-immunity ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุฑ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:03,960 --> 00:03:12,560
143
+ ูˆู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Immune Defense ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ู…
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:12,560 --> 00:03:21,880
147
+ ุฅู„ู‰ two populations ุฌุงู„ูˆ ููŠ Resident or
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:21,880 --> 00:03:26,640
151
+ stationary macrophage ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุฌุงุนุฏุฉ ููŠ organs
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:26,640 --> 00:03:27,540
155
+ ู…ุซุงุจุชุฉ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:30,110 --> 00:03:33,690
159
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ organs ุฏูˆุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุง
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:33,690 --> 00:03:39,790
163
+ ุชุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ circulatory macrophage ุฃูˆ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:39,790 --> 00:03:42,990
167
+ ู…ุง ุชุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ู€ recruited macrophage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุงุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:42,990 --> 00:03:46,610
171
+ at site of infection ุฌุฏูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุจูŠู† ุงู† ุงู„ู€ resident
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:46,610 --> 00:03:51,010
175
+ tissue macrophage population ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถุงุก
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:51,010 --> 00:03:55,850
179
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:55,850 --> 00:03:59,030
183
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ููŠ stromal macrophage ุดูˆ ุฏูˆุฑู‡ุงุŸ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:59,320 --> 00:04:02,920
187
+ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุจูŠุงุชูŠูƒูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชุญุฑุฑ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:02,920 --> 00:04:10,560
191
+ ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุช ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ RBCs ููŠ ุงู„ู€ liver ูƒูˆูุฑ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:10,560 --> 00:04:15,180
195
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชูุฑูŠู‚ ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ูˆ ูƒูˆู…ุจู„ูŠูƒุณูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ spleen
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:15,180 --> 00:04:18,660
199
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ red polyps ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ white polyps ูˆ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:18,660 --> 00:04:25,930
203
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชุนู…ู„ ุชูุฑูŠู‚ ู„ุณู†ุณู†ุช ูˆ ุฃุจูˆุจุชูƒ ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ููŠ ูƒู„
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:25,930 --> 00:04:30,050
207
+ ุนุถูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุณู… ู…ุนูŠู† and it's distinct
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:30,050 --> 00:04:35,590
211
+ wished from other ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ specific phenotypic
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:35,590 --> 00:04:42,830
215
+ appearance ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ุนุถูˆ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุถูˆ ุงู„ู€ macrophage
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:42,830 --> 00:04:46,990
219
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง can regulate ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:46,990 --> 00:04:51,960
223
+ signal can activate ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ macrophage ุนู„ู‰
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:51,960 --> 00:04:55,860
227
+ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู€ Hypoxia-Inducible Factor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Hypoxia
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:55,860 --> 00:04:57,480
231
+ Inducible Factor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Hypoxia Inducible Factor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:57,480 --> 00:04:57,880
235
+ ุงู„ู€ Hypoxia Inducible Factor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Hypoxia Inducible
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:57,880 --> 00:04:59,040
239
+ Factor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Hypoxia Inducible Factor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Hypoxia
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:59,040 --> 00:04:59,860
243
+ Inducible Factor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Hypoxia Inducible Factor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Hypoxia
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:59,860 --> 00:05:00,540
247
+ Inducible Factor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Hypoxia Inducible Factor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:00,540 --> 00:05:03,620
251
+ Hypoxia Inducible Factor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Hypoxia Inducible Factor
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:03,620 --> 00:05:09,480
255
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Hypoxia Inducible Factor ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชูุนูŠู„ู‡
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:09,480 --> 00:05:14,960
259
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฅูุนู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุชู…ุฑ ู†ูƒุฑูˆุณูŠุณ ุฌุงู…ุง
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:14,960 --> 00:05:19,680
263
+ ุงู†ุชุฑููŠุฑูˆู… ุชู… ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ู‡ ู…ู† ุชู…ุฑ ุชู‡ูŠุจุฑ 1 ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชูุนูŠู„ู‡
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:19,680 --> 00:05:24,020
267
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ macrophage ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ูƒูŠุณูŠู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุจุชุฏุน
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:24,020 --> 00:05:30,460
271
+ ุนุจุฏุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ pro-inflammatory mediator ูˆููŠ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:30,460 --> 00:05:34,380
275
+ ุงู„ู€ cell mediated immunity ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชู†ุดูŠุท ุฃูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:34,380 --> 00:05:38,210
279
+ ุจุงู„ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ูˆู…ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชูˆู‚ุน ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:38,210 --> 00:05:44,170
283
+ ุงู„ู€ Hypersensitivity ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ Monocytes ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู†
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:44,170 --> 00:05:49,690
287
+ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ูุนูˆู„ูŠู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชุญุณูŠู† ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจู€ MHC
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:49,690 --> 00:05:54,150
291
+ Class 2 ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุชุญุณู† ุงู„ู€ antigen presentation ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:54,150 --> 00:05:58,450
295
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุชุญุณู† ุงู„ู€ endocytosis ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:58,450 --> 00:06:04,270
299
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุฅู† ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ูู‚ุท
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:04,270 --> 00:06:09,230
303
+ ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ endocytosis ุฅู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ killing process is
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:09,230 --> 00:06:13,550
307
+ not efficient ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠู‚ ุฃูˆ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ procedure
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:13,550 --> 00:06:17,050
311
+ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:17,050 --> 00:06:22,070
315
+ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู„ู„ู€ macrophage ุงู†ู‡ can induce anti
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:22,070 --> 00:06:25,070
319
+ inflammatory response by releasing certain
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:25,070 --> 00:06:31,410
323
+ cytokine ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ IL-10 ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ which can induce the
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:31,410 --> 00:06:33,570
327
+ secretion of transforming growth factor beta
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:34,640 --> 00:06:38,880
331
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ Deactivated Macrophage
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:38,880 --> 00:06:47,700
335
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ it's an anti-inflammatory response ูŠุจุฏุฃ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:47,700 --> 00:06:51,280
339
+ ู…ุฑุงุช ุจู€ pro-inflammatory a release of certain
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:51,280 --> 00:06:52,180
343
+ mediators
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:54,980 --> 00:06:59,640
347
+ ุจุฏูˆุฑ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูƒู€ Anti-inflammatory
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:59,640 --> 00:07:05,340
351
+ ูˆ it can be alternatively activated ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:05,340 --> 00:07:09,020
355
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ endocytosis process ุงู„ู„ูŠ can be induced
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:09,020 --> 00:07:12,460
359
+ which ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ุงู„ู€ signals from
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:12,460 --> 00:07:16,580
363
+ microbial products or phytocytosis and cytokine
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:16,580 --> 00:07:23,220
367
+ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุชุฃุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูˆุฌู‡ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู€ Macrophage
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:23,220 --> 00:07:28,540
371
+ ูˆุชู†ุดูŠุทุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู€ Macrophage ูˆุฏูˆุฑ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ููŠ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:28,540 --> 00:07:33,380
375
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Secretory Products which are
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:33,380 --> 00:07:37,460
379
+ released from MacrophageุŸ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุจูŠู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:37,460 --> 00:07:42,700
383
+ Different Secretory Product ุชู†ุชุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Macrophage
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:42,700 --> 00:07:45,760
387
+ ูุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Molecular Weight Metabolites
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:45,760 --> 00:07:50,280
391
+ ุฒูŠ ูƒู„ Reactive Oxygen ูˆ Nitrogen ูˆ Nitrogen ูˆ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:50,280 --> 00:07:50,400
395
+ Nitrogen ูˆ Nitrogen ูˆ Nitrogen ูˆ Nitrogen ูˆ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:50,400 --> 00:07:51,660
399
+ Nitrogen ูˆ Nitrogen ูˆ Nitrogen ูˆ Nitrogen ูˆ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:51,660 --> 00:07:54,160
403
+ Nitrogen ูˆ Nitrogen ูˆ Nitrogen ูˆ Nitrogen ูˆ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:54,160 --> 00:07:58,260
407
+ Nitrogen ูˆ Nitrogen ูˆ Nitrogen ูˆ Nitrogen ูˆ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:58,260 --> 00:08:03,640
411
+ Nitrogen ูˆ Nitrogen ูˆ Nitrogen ูˆ Nitrogen ูˆ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:03,640 --> 00:08:03,900
415
+ Nitrogen ูˆ Nitrogen ูˆ Nitrogen ูˆ Nitrogen ูˆ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:03,900 --> 00:08:08,820
419
+ Nitrogen ูˆ Nitrogen ูˆ Nitrogen ูˆ Nitrogen ูˆ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:08,820 --> 00:08:14,760
423
+ Nitrogen ูˆ Nitrogen ูˆ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:14,760 --> 00:08:18,260
427
+ Nitrogen ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช stimulatory ุฃูˆ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:18,260 --> 00:08:20,640
431
+ inhibitory ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ transforming growth factor beta
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:20,640 --> 00:08:28,320
435
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง it can release certain chemokine ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:28,320 --> 00:08:36,660
439
+ CCL2 ูˆ 3 ุฃูˆ 4 ุฃูˆ 5 ุฃูˆ 8 ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู„ู‡ู… ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูƒุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:36,660 --> 00:08:42,370
443
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ receptors ููŠ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฃุฏู‡ูŠุฌูŠ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:42,370 --> 00:08:46,250
447
+ ุงู„ู€ molecules ุงู„ูุงุจุฑูŠู†ูƒุชุฑุงุชุฑูˆู…ุจุณุจุฑุฏูŠู† ูˆุฏู‡ ุจู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:46,250 --> 00:08:48,730
451
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ optimization Matrix adhesion ููŠ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:48,730 --> 00:08:54,870
455
+ ุงู„ู€ phagocytosis ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Phagocytic cells complement ุจุชู†ุชุฌ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:54,870 --> 00:09:02,430
459
+ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ complement ุฃุดู‡ุฑู‡ุง C3 ูˆุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูƒู€ local
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:02,430 --> 00:09:07,810
463
+ optimizer Procoagulant ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ู€ Tissue factor ู‡ุฐุง
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:07,810 --> 00:09:10,170
467
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† plotting cascade
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:14,570 --> 00:09:19,290
471
+ factor ูˆ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชูุฑุฒ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ู…ุซู„ Lysosome ,
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:19,290 --> 00:09:23,190
475
+ Elastase, Collagenase, Urokinase ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจูŠู„ุนุจูˆุง ุฏูˆุฑ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:23,190 --> 00:09:28,550
479
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูƒู€ Gram Positive Bacterial Lysis Lysosome ูˆ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:28,550 --> 00:09:34,070
483
+ Urokinase ู…ุซู„ Fibrinolysis ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุทูŠุจ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:34,070 --> 00:09:39,160
487
+ ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ุฃูƒุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ Macrophage,
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:39,260 --> 00:09:42,220
491
+ Myeloid, Dendritic Cells and Osteoclast ูƒู„ู‡ู…
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:42,220 --> 00:09:48,740
495
+ ุจูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ bone marrow Monocytes ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูุฑุดู‡ู…
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:48,740 --> 00:09:53,000
499
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุฉ ู„ู„ู€ Monocytes ู„ูˆ ุชุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู† ููŠ resident
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:53,000 --> 00:09:55,960
503
+ macrophages ุงู„ู„ูŠ which are widely distributed
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:55,960 --> 00:09:59,120
507
+ throughout the body ูˆ they are phenotypically
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:59,120 --> 00:10:03,050
511
+ distinct populations ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุฎุชู„ููˆุง ุจุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:03,050 --> 00:10:08,550
515
+ within the different zones of spleen, lymph nodes
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:08,550 --> 00:10:14,250
519
+ or whatever the organ is. Resident macrophage and
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:14,250 --> 00:10:19,530
523
+ recruited macrophage respond according to locally
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:19,530 --> 00:10:23,370
527
+ produced cytokine ุญุณุจ ุงู„ cytokine ุงู„ู…ุตู„ุฉ ูุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:23,370 --> 00:10:30,800
531
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ QTL-1 Secret Gamma Interferon ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุญุณู†
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:30,800 --> 00:10:34,200
535
+ ุงู„ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจุงุช inflammatory ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠ ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุจูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุงูƒุชูุงุฉ ูˆุดูู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:34,200 --> 00:10:40,880
539
+ ุงู„ูุฌุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุช ุฏูŠ ุงู„ ุจุงุจ ุชูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง induce ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:40,880 --> 00:10:42,660
543
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:42,660 --> 00:10:46,520
547
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:46,520 --> 00:10:51,440
551
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:51,440 --> 00:10:53,720
555
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:53,720 --> 00:10:54,260
559
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:10:54,260 --> 00:10:54,280
563
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:10:54,280 --> 00:10:58,140
567
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู induction ูˆู†ุฏูˆุฒ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:10:58,140 --> 00:11:03,440
571
+ anti-inflammatory action ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ูˆ secretion of ุฃูˆ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:03,440 --> 00:11:10,040
575
+ inducing its inhibitory effects. Resident macrophage
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:10,040 --> 00:11:14,760
579
+ clear apoptotic cells ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:14,760 --> 00:11:21,160
583
+ certain adhesion molecules ูˆ adhesion receptors
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:21,160 --> 00:11:24,520
587
+ ูุจุชุนู…ู„ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ vitronectin receptors ูุจุชุนู…ู„
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:24,520 --> 00:11:30,640
591
+ endocytosis ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ killing activity is not
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:30,640 --> 00:11:37,070
595
+ efficient ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ุฒู… ุงู„ macrophage ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:37,070 --> 00:11:40,150
599
+ Internalized pathogen using a variety of specific
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:40,150 --> 00:11:44,010
603
+ and opsonic receptors. ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:44,010 --> 00:11:46,530
607
+ LPS receptor the-dolyric receptor
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:46,530 --> 00:11:50,250
611
+ ุงู„ู…ุงู†ูˆุฒ receptor the-Fc receptor the complement receptor
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:50,250 --> 00:11:55,350
615
+ 1 ูˆ 3 ูˆ 4 complement component ูŠุนู†ูŠ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:55,350 --> 00:12:00,650
619
+ ู„ู‡ุง different receptors ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู‚ุฏุงุด ุชุนุฏุงุฏ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:00,650 --> 00:12:06,310
623
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ activation macrophage ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:06,310 --> 00:12:11,370
627
+ cytokine and enzyme ุฃูˆ complement system molecules ูˆ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:11,370 --> 00:12:16,310
631
+ prostaglandin molecules ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุดูู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:12:16,310 --> 00:12:22,170
635
+ activation macrophage ูŠู†ุชุฌ oxygen radicals ูˆ nitrogen
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:22,170 --> 00:12:28,870
639
+ intermediates ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ู…ุฎู„ุตุงู† ุฌุฏู‹ุง ู„ุฅู†ุฏูˆุณุชูˆุฒ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆูู†ุฌุงู‰
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:29,550 --> 00:12:34,730
643
+ ูˆุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุดูู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„. Recently recruited cells
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:34,730 --> 00:12:41,570
647
+ are most effective at antimicrobial killing ุจูŠู†ู…ุง
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:41,570 --> 00:12:46,270
651
+ ุงู„ resting macrophages have only limited killing
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:12:46,270 --> 00:12:50,430
655
+ activity ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ู†ุดุงุทู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:50,430 --> 00:12:58,550
659
+ ุนุงูŠุด ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ. ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู€ macrophage ุจุชุทู„ู‚
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:58,550 --> 00:13:03,650
663
+ ุฅู„ู‰ other cytotoxic cells. Cell-mediated
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:03,650 --> 00:13:08,150
667
+ cytotoxicity is an essential defense mechanism ู„ูŠุด
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:08,150 --> 00:13:10,690
671
+ ุงู„ู€ intracellular pathogen ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ูˆูŠุฑูˆุณ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:10,690 --> 00:13:15,990
675
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง parasites and tumor cells ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:15,990 --> 00:13:20,230
679
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ. They can become cytotoxic or target for
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:13:20,230 --> 00:13:24,700
683
+ cytotoxic cells. The process is important in the
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:13:24,700 --> 00:13:27,940
687
+ destruction of allogenic tissue graft. ุฏูˆุฑ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:13:27,940 --> 00:13:33,480
691
+ cytotoxic cells ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุญูŠุซ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ. This
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:33,480 --> 00:13:37,880
695
+ activity is executed by several types of cells
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:37,880 --> 00:13:43,760
699
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ููŠู‡ุง cytotoxic T cell ูˆ ุงู„ NK cell ูˆ ุจุนุถ ู…ุฑุงุช
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:43,760 --> 00:13:49,200
703
+ ุงู„ myeloid cells. ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ major cells ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู†
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:49,200 --> 00:13:52,640
707
+ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุฏุนูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู€ Cytotoxicity ูˆุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:13:52,640 --> 00:13:57,480
711
+ Cytotoxic Cells ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ T-Cytotoxic ูˆ ุงู„ู€ NK Cell
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:57,480 --> 00:14:03,460
715
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ T-Cytotoxic Cell ุฏูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ T
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:03,460 --> 00:14:06,480
719
+ -Cytotoxic CellุŸ ูƒุงู† recognize antigen ุงู„ุชูŠ ุจุชุงุนุช
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:06,480 --> 00:14:10,580
723
+ presented on MHC Class I. ู…ุด ุจุชู‚ุฏู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:10,580 --> 00:14:15,190
727
+ ุจ MHC Class I molecules. ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ NK cell react
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:15,190 --> 00:14:18,490
731
+ against cells which do not express MHC class I
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:18,490 --> 00:14:23,610
735
+ ุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ูุงุฑู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ MHC
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:14:23,610 --> 00:14:27,710
739
+ class I molecules ูˆูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ presence of
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:14:27,710 --> 00:14:31,930
743
+ MHC class I molecules. ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ุชุงูŠุชุฑ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡. They can
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:14:31,930 --> 00:14:35,710
747
+ interact with these cells using a variety of
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:14:35,710 --> 00:14:40,990
751
+ receptors. ูˆุดูˆูู†ุง ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ุงู„ู€ NK cell ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:14:40,990 --> 00:14:48,050
755
+ ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ. ุทูŠุจ ูƒูŠู ูŠุญุฏุซ ุงู„ู€ cytotoxicityุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุนู†ุงุตุฑ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:14:48,050 --> 00:14:51,850
759
+ ุงู„ู€ cytotoxicity. ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ cell to cell
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:14:51,850 --> 00:14:54,630
763
+ interaction. ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ cell to cell contact
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:14:54,630 --> 00:14:59,410
767
+ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† cytokine release ูˆู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ granule
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:14:59,410 --> 00:15:04,070
771
+ release. ู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ lytic-heat
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:04,070 --> 00:15:09,860
775
+ degranulation ููŠ ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ. ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ุขุฎุฑ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง can
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:09,860 --> 00:15:13,140
779
+ be included ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Fas-Ligand Anti-Human
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:13,140 --> 00:15:18,000
783
+ Necrosis Factor. These can signal apoptosis to the
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:15:18,000 --> 00:15:20,900
787
+ target cell. ู†ุญู† ู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ู€ Fas ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† death
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:15:20,900 --> 00:15:27,840
791
+ receptor ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Fas-Ligand ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ can induce
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:15:27,840 --> 00:15:33,390
795
+ apoptosis to the cell. ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ู† ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ู€
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:15:33,390 --> 00:15:37,070
799
+ Granules ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ Perforin ูˆุงู„ู€ Granzyme ุชุฏูุน ุฅู„ู‰
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:15:37,070 --> 00:15:42,990
803
+ ุชู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ cell ุงู„ู€
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:15:42,990 --> 00:15:48,290
807
+ cytotoxic cells ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุดุฑูˆุทู‡ุง cell to cell contactุŒ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:15:48,290 --> 00:15:52,000
811
+ release of cytokineุŒ release of granules. ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:15:52,000 --> 00:15:55,760
815
+ ุฃุณู„ูˆุจ ุขุฎุฑ ู„ู„ู‚ุชู„ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ Death Receptor ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:15:55,760 --> 00:16:02,260
819
+ Fas-Ligand and Tumor Necrosis Factor Signal ูˆ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:02,260 --> 00:16:06,860
823
+ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ู€ Granules ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ Release ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:06,860 --> 00:16:10,640
827
+ perforin of the enzyme ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชุดูˆ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:16:10,640 --> 00:16:19,120
831
+ ุฃูˆ Cell Damage. ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ูุงุณ ูŠุชู… ุชููƒูŠุฑู‡ ุนู„ู‰
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:16:19,120 --> 00:16:22,260
835
+ ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูุงูƒุชูˆุฑูŠุณูŠุจุชุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ target cell ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:16:22,260 --> 00:16:25,580
839
+ ู„ู„ุงูƒุชูุงุก ู…ู† caspases ูˆุงู„ูƒุงุณุง ุจูŠุณูŠุณ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:16:25,580 --> 00:16:30,680
843
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ุจุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:16:30,680 --> 00:16:34,360
847
+ ุฃุจูˆุจุชูˆุณุณ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:16:34,360 --> 00:16:40,040
851
+ ูˆุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู… ุจูŠุจูŠู† ู„ู†ุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ููŠ ุฌุฑุญ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:16:40,040 --> 00:16:45,460
855
+ ุงู„ุฅุชู‚ุงุท ุจูŠูุจูŠู† ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ interaction between T
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:16:45,460 --> 00:16:48,880
859
+ -cytotoxic and their target cell ูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:16:48,880 --> 00:16:52,380
863
+ interaction ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ูŠ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:16:52,380 --> 00:16:57,120
867
+ T-cytotoxic lymphocytes ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ target cell. T
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:16:57,120 --> 00:17:02,790
871
+ -cytotoxic ุฃูˆู„ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุงุดู…ู† signal to
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:17:02,790 --> 00:17:07,470
875
+ be activated. ูุงูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ TCR ุจุชุจูŠู† ุงู„ antigen ุงู„ู„ูŠ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:17:07,470 --> 00:17:12,810
879
+ ู…ู…ุณูˆูƒ ุจุงู„ MHC class I molecules ูˆุจูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ coreceptor
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:17:12,810 --> 00:17:18,890
883
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ CD8 ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ MHC class I molecules ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:17:18,890 --> 00:17:25,530
887
+ ุจุชุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ first signal ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:17:25,530 --> 00:17:34,370
891
+ other signals. ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ CD2 ุจุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:17:34,370 --> 00:17:40,210
895
+ leukocyte function-associated antigen 3 ูˆ leukocyte
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:17:40,210 --> 00:17:43,450
899
+ function-associated antigen 1 ุนู„ู‰ cytotoxic T lymphocyte
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:17:43,450 --> 00:17:46,950
903
+ ุจุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ ICAM-1 ูˆุงู„ ICAM-1 ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:17:46,950 --> 00:17:53,320
907
+ intercellular Adhesion molecule number 1 ูุจุชู‚ูˆู‰
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:17:53,320 --> 00:17:58,940
911
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงูŠุด ููŠ activation and cytotoxic
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:17:58,940 --> 00:18:03,740
915
+ activity. Activation
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:03,740 --> 00:18:05,960
919
+ and
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:18:07,470 --> 00:18:11,830
923
+ Target Cell Killing By CD8-T Cytotoxic Cell. ุญูƒูŠู†ุง
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:18:11,830 --> 00:18:17,650
927
+ ููŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ B Cell Activity Lecture ูˆ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูƒูŠููŠุฉ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:18:17,650 --> 00:18:22,410
931
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Fas Fas ligand activity ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง CD4
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:18:22,410 --> 00:18:31,650
935
+ -T Cell ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… CD95 ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Fas ู…ุน ุงู„ CD178
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:18:31,650 --> 00:18:36,490
939
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:18:38,320 --> 00:18:42,240
943
+ ุจู€ Target Cell ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง Fas Fas
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:18:42,240 --> 00:18:51,020
947
+ -Ligand Activity ูˆ Killing Mechanism. ู†ุญูƒูŠ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:18:51,020 --> 00:18:54,500
951
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Non-Lymphoid Cytotoxic Effects
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:18:54,500 --> 00:18:59,220
955
+ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุบูŠุฑ ู„ู†ููˆูŠุฉ. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Macrophages
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:18:59,220 --> 00:19:02,920
959
+ Macrophages can damage target using their non
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:02,920 --> 00:19:08,160
963
+ -specific toxic effects or systems and via via
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:19:08,160 --> 00:19:16,460
967
+ cytokine. ูˆููŠู…ุง ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ non lymphoid cytotoxic
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:19:16,460 --> 00:19:21,540
971
+ cells which can invade microorganism ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:19:21,540 --> 00:19:28,460
975
+ ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุณูŠุฒ. Cytotoxicity ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:19:28,460 --> 00:19:32,440
979
+ Antibody Dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:19:32,440 --> 00:19:39,480
983
+ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุชูƒุณูŠูƒ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏุฉ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:19:43,160 --> 00:19:46,140
987
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ macrophage ูˆ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:19:46,140 --> 00:19:48,680
991
+ ุงู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆููŠู„ุŒ these are phagocytic cells ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ู…
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:19:48,680 --> 00:19:53,560
995
+ receptors ู„ู„-Fc portion of IgG ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ู…ุŒ ูุนู„ู‰
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:19:53,560 --> 00:19:56,980
999
+ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู†ุฉ ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ู… receptors ู„ู„-Fc
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:19:56,980 --> 00:20:00,300
1003
+ Fc gamma receptor 1 ูˆุงู„ู€Fc gamma receptor
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:00,300 --> 00:20:06,040
1007
+ 2ุŒ ูˆุฏู‡ ุจูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุงู„tumor
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:06,040 --> 00:20:10,100
1011
+ cell ุจุงู„ู€antigen and induce ADCC
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:12,640 --> 00:20:16,740
1015
+ ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆูุงุฌูŠุง ุงู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆููŠู„ ุชู‡ูŠุฃ ู„ุฅุฏู…ุงุฑ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุจุฅุฏุฎุงู„ู‡
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:20:16,740 --> 00:20:20,320
1019
+ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌุณู… ูˆู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุชู… ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:20:20,320 --> 00:20:22,840
1023
+ ู„ู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ ูŠุชู… ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ ูŠุชู… ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ู‡
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:20:22,840 --> 00:20:24,460
1027
+ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ ูŠุชู… ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ ูŠุชู…
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:20:24,460 --> 00:20:25,300
1031
+ ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ ูŠุชู… ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌุณู…
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:20:25,300 --> 00:20:28,140
1035
+ ูˆ ูŠุชู… ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ ูŠุชู… ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:20:28,140 --> 00:20:31,080
1039
+ ู„ู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ ูŠุชู… ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ ูŠุชู… ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ู‡
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:20:31,080 --> 00:20:38,400
1043
+ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ ูŠุชู… ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:20:38,400 --> 00:20:42,510
1047
+ ูŠุชู…ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ุงูƒุฑูˆููŠุฑุณ ูŠุฌุนู„ ู„ู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุณู…ู‘ู‰ human
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:20:42,510 --> 00:20:50,030
1051
+ necrosis factor ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุฏุนู… apoptosis ูˆุฃูŠุถุง
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:20:50,030 --> 00:20:56,810
1055
+ ุงู„ููŠุฌุฑ ุงู„ุฃุชูŠ ุจูŠุจูŠู† ู„ูŠ ุงู„ mechanism that may
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:20:56,810 --> 00:21:00,330
1059
+ contribute to the cytotoxicity of myeloid cells
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:21:00,330 --> 00:21:04,930
1063
+ ุดูˆููˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจุทู„ุน reactive oxygen species
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:21:04,930 --> 00:21:08,710
1067
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจุทู„ุน
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:21:10,040 --> 00:21:19,600
1071
+ reactive nitrogen species ุจูŠุทู„ุน c3a receptor sorry
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:21:19,600 --> 00:21:25,120
1075
+ c3a component ูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:21:25,120 --> 00:21:31,260
1079
+ recruitment of other cells superoxide anion,
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:21:31,400 --> 00:21:34,740
1083
+ reactive intermediate, nitric oxide, human
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:21:34,740 --> 00:21:40,050
1087
+ interest factor alpha ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง ู…ุงุดูŠุงู„ุฐูŠ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:21:40,050 --> 00:21:43,390
1091
+ ูŠุชู… ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ู‡ ู…ู† ุฌุณุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ูŠูˆูŠุฏ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ ุชุฏู…ูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฌุณุฏ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:21:43,390 --> 00:21:48,590
1095
+ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณูŠุชูˆูƒุงูŠู† ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงุชูŠุงู„ ุงู„ุชุญูƒูŠ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:21:48,590 --> 00:21:53,550
1099
+ ุงู„ุงุฏูŠู†ููŠู„ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู„ูŠุณ ู„ูŠู†ููˆูŠุฏ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:21:56,710 --> 00:22:03,490
1103
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:22:03,490 --> 00:22:11,850
1107
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:22:15,110 --> 00:22:20,230
1111
+ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงู…ูŠูˆุณ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุฃุณุงุณูŠ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:22:20,230 --> 00:22:24,870
1115
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช eosinophil peroxidase
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:22:24,870 --> 00:22:31,050
1119
+ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู‚ุงุชู„ ู‚ูˆู‰ ู„ู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุจุฅูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ู‡ุงู„ุงูŠุฏ ู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:22:31,050 --> 00:22:37,570
1123
+ hypohalide ูˆุฅูŠุฒูŠู†ูˆููŠู„ ูƒุงุชูŠุงู†ูŠูƒ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูˆู‡ูˆ ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:22:37,570 --> 00:22:43,310
1127
+ ู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุดูŠุณุชูˆุณูˆู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ูƒูˆู†
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:22:43,310 --> 00:22:51,190
1131
+ ุงุณุชุนุฑุถู†ุงุงู„ู€ Mononuclear phagocytic cell ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:22:51,190 --> 00:23:02,330
1135
+ cytotoxic effect induced by these cells ุฃุดูƒุฑ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:02,330 --> 00:23:03,470
1139
+ ู„ูƒู… ุงุณุชู…ุงุนูƒู…
PL9fwy3NUQKwYQ8nzyth9nyErvTJtUFKlo/6l-pMLFCrw8_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1140 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:01,400 --> 00:00:06,900
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:06,900 --> 00:00:11,860
7
+ ุงู„ non-nuclear phagocytes in immune defense ุฏูˆุฑู‡ุง
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:11,860 --> 00:00:18,960
11
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ูˆู…ุงุฐุง ุชุนู…ู„
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:18,960 --> 00:00:26,000
15
+ microphage ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† highly efficient phagocytes
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:26,000 --> 00:00:31,480
19
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏูˆุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ phagocytic cell ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠูˆู‡ูŠ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:31,480 --> 00:00:37,360
23
+ ุชู„ุนุจ ุฑูˆู„ุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ pathogen ุฅุนู„ุงู‚ ูˆุฅุทู„ุงู‚
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:37,360 --> 00:00:43,500
27
+ ูˆุฅุฒุงู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุชุดูŠู„ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฏุจุฑูŠุฒ ูƒู„ ุงู„cells ุงู„ู„ูŠ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:43,500 --> 00:00:48,180
31
+ ู…ุงุชุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ูˆู…ุด
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:48,180 --> 00:00:51,120
35
+ ุจุณ ููŠูƒ ุงู„ macrophage ุจุชุนุจุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ cell
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:51,120 --> 00:00:55,200
39
+ mediated immunity ูˆ recognition of a intracellular
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:55,200 --> 00:00:59,380
43
+ pathogen ูˆdefense against them ุฒูŠ ุงู„ mycobacteria
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:59,750 --> 00:01:02,970
47
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจุงู„ู€ Granuloma accumulation
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:02,970 --> 00:01:08,150
51
+ of the site of infection and formation of the
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:08,150 --> 00:01:14,450
55
+ granuloma ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุจูŠู† ู„ู†ุง ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒู„ ู…ู† ุงู„
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:14,450 --> 00:01:18,050
59
+ macrophage ูˆdendritic cell in cell in immune
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:18,050 --> 00:01:25,310
63
+ defense mechanism ูˆู†ุดูˆู ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ู‡ู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู†
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:25,310 --> 00:01:30,110
67
+ ุงู„ู€ Macrophage ู„ู‡ุง ุณุช ูˆุธุงุฆู ุฃูˆ ุจุชู„ุนุจ ููŠ ุณุช ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:30,110 --> 00:01:34,730
71
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุฏูˆุฑ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ innate immunity
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:34,730 --> 00:01:39,570
75
+ and Optical Clearance ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ Non-specific ุฃูˆ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:39,570 --> 00:01:45,350
79
+ Non-opsinic Receptor ุฃู†ูุงุฌูˆู‡ ุณูŠุชูˆุณุณ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:45,350 --> 00:01:48,970
83
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ acquired humoral
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:48,970 --> 00:01:53,830
87
+ immunityูˆู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ Antibody and Complement Dependent
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:53,830 --> 00:01:58,010
91
+ Phagocytosis and Cytotoxicity ููŠ ุฑูŠุณุจุชุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:58,010 --> 00:02:04,230
95
+ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ inflammation and
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:04,230 --> 00:02:11,030
99
+ repair and tissue injury ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ certain mediators
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:12,180 --> 00:02:17,140
103
+ At of local and systemic response So one can ูŠุนู†ูŠ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:17,140 --> 00:02:21,460
107
+ at site of infection or at distance ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:21,460 --> 00:02:25,380
111
+ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ acquired immunity ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ antigen
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:25,380 --> 00:02:31,200
115
+ processing and presentation ูˆุทุจุนุงุชุฑุชูŠุจู‡ุง ู„ู„ู€
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:31,200 --> 00:02:35,400
119
+ Dentatexel ุซู… ู„ู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆููŠุฑุฌ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู„ู‡ุง ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:35,400 --> 00:02:38,820
123
+ Acquired Cellular Immunity ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ Activation
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:38,820 --> 00:02:44,020
127
+ Activation of Microphage Effector Mechanism By ุงู„ู€
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:44,020 --> 00:02:49,720
131
+ NK and T Cell ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ุฒู… ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง ุซู…
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:49,720 --> 00:02:56,320
135
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู„ู‡ุง ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ Immunosuppression ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:56,320 --> 00:03:03,960
139
+ Tolerance VersusAuto-immunity ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุฑ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:03,960 --> 00:03:12,560
143
+ ูˆู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Immune Defense ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ู…
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:12,560 --> 00:03:21,880
147
+ ุฅู„ู‰ two populations ุฌุงู„ูˆ ููŠ Resident or
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:21,880 --> 00:03:26,640
151
+ stationary macrophage ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุฌุงุนุฏุฉ ููŠ organs
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:26,640 --> 00:03:27,540
155
+ ู…ุซุงุจุชุฉ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:30,110 --> 00:03:33,690
159
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ organs ุฏูˆุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุง
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:33,690 --> 00:03:39,790
163
+ ุชุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ circulatory macrophage ุงูˆ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:39,790 --> 00:03:42,990
167
+ ู…ุง ุชุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ recruited macrophage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุงุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:42,990 --> 00:03:46,610
171
+ at site of infection ุฌุฏูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุจูŠู† ุงู† ุงู„ resident
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:46,610 --> 00:03:51,010
175
+ tissue macrophage population ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถุงุก
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:51,010 --> 00:03:55,850
179
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:55,850 --> 00:03:59,030
183
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู†ู…ุฑูˆ ููŠ stromal macrophage ุดูˆ ุฏูˆุฑู‡ุงุŸ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:59,320 --> 00:04:02,920
187
+ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุจูŠุงุชูŠูƒูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชุญุฑุฑ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:02,920 --> 00:04:10,560
191
+ ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุช ุชุจุน ุงู„ RBCs ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠูุฑ ูƒูˆูุฑ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:10,560 --> 00:04:15,180
195
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชูุฑูŠู‚ ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ูˆ ูƒูˆู…ุจู„ูŠูƒุณูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุจู„ูŠู†
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:15,180 --> 00:04:18,660
199
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ red polyps ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ white polyps ูˆ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:18,660 --> 00:04:25,930
203
+ ุฃูŠุถุง ุชุนู…ู„ ุชูุฑูŠู‚ ู„ุณู†ุณู†ุช ูˆ ุฃุจูˆุจุชูƒ ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุงููŠ ูƒู„
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:25,930 --> 00:04:30,050
207
+ ุนุถูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุณู… ู…ุนูŠู† and it's distinct
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:30,050 --> 00:04:35,590
211
+ wished from other ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ specific phenotypic
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:35,590 --> 00:04:42,830
215
+ appearance ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ุนุถูˆ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุถูˆ ุงู„ microphage
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:42,830 --> 00:04:46,990
219
+ ุฃูŠุถุง can regulate ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠู‡ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:46,990 --> 00:04:51,960
223
+ signal can activate ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ microphageุนู„ู‰
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:51,960 --> 00:04:55,860
227
+ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุจูˆุฑูŠุณุง ูƒุฑูŠุชุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจูˆ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:55,860 --> 00:04:57,480
231
+ ุจูˆุฑูŠุณุง ูƒุฑูŠุชุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุจูˆุฑูŠุณุง ูƒุฑูŠุชุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:57,480 --> 00:04:57,880
235
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุจูˆุฑูŠุณุง ูƒุฑูŠุชุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุจูˆุฑูŠุณุง ูƒุฑูŠุชุฒ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:57,880 --> 00:04:59,040
239
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุจูˆุฑูŠุณุง ูƒุฑูŠุชุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุจูˆุฑูŠุณุง
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:59,040 --> 00:04:59,860
243
+ ูƒุฑูŠุชุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุจูˆุฑูŠุณุง ูƒุฑูŠุชุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจูˆ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:59,860 --> 00:05:00,540
247
+ ุจูˆุฑูŠุณุง ูƒุฑูŠุชุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุจูˆุฑูŠุณุง ูƒุฑูŠุชุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:00,540 --> 00:05:03,620
251
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุจูˆุฑูŠุณุง ูƒุฑูŠุชุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุจูˆุฑูŠุณุง ูƒุฑูŠุชุฒ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:03,620 --> 00:05:09,480
255
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุจูˆุฑูŠุณุง ูƒุฑูŠุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชูุนูŠู„ู‡
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:09,480 --> 00:05:14,960
259
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงูุนุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุชู…ุฑ ู†ูƒุฑูˆุณูŠุณ ุฌุงู…ุง
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:14,960 --> 00:05:19,680
263
+ ุงู†ุชุฑููŠุฑูˆู… ุชู… ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ู‡ ู…ู† ุชู…ุฑ ุชู‡ูŠุจุฑ 1 ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชูุนูŠู„ู‡
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:19,680 --> 00:05:24,020
267
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ู…ูƒุฑูˆููŠุฌ ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ูƒูŠุณูŠู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุจุชุฏุน
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:24,020 --> 00:05:30,460
271
+ ุนุจุฏุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆ ุงู†ูู„ุงู…ุงุชูˆุฑูŠ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงุชุฑ ูˆููŠ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:30,460 --> 00:05:34,380
275
+ ุงู„cell mediated immunity ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชู†ุดูŠุท ุฃูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:34,380 --> 00:05:38,210
279
+ ุจุงู„ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠุงู„ูˆู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชูˆู‚ุน ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุงู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:38,210 --> 00:05:44,170
283
+ ุงู„ู€ Hypersensitivity ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ Monocytes ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู†
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:44,170 --> 00:05:49,690
287
+ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ูุนูˆู„ูŠู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชุญุณูŠู† ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงู… ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจู€ MHC
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:49,690 --> 00:05:54,150
291
+ Class 2 ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุชุญุณู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุจุฑูŠุฒู†ุชูŠุดู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:54,150 --> 00:05:58,450
295
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุชุญุณู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆ ุณุงูŠุชูˆุณูŠุณ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:58,450 --> 00:06:04,270
299
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุฅู† ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ูู‚ุท
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:04,270 --> 00:06:09,230
303
+ ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉุงู†ุฏูˆ ุณุงูŠุชูˆุณูŠุฒ ุงู†ู…ุง ุงู„ killing process is
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:09,230 --> 00:06:13,550
307
+ not efficient ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠู‚ ุงูˆ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ procedure
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:13,550 --> 00:06:17,050
311
+ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:17,050 --> 00:06:22,070
315
+ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู„ู„ macrophage ุงู†ู‡ can induce anti
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:22,070 --> 00:06:25,070
319
+ inflammatory response by releasing certain
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:25,070 --> 00:06:31,410
323
+ cytokine ุฒูŠ IL-10 ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ which can induce the
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:31,410 --> 00:06:33,570
327
+ secretion of transforming growth factor beta
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:34,640 --> 00:06:38,880
331
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ Deactivated Macrophage
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:38,880 --> 00:06:47,700
335
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ it's an anti-inflammatory response ูŠุจุฏุฃ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:47,700 --> 00:06:51,280
339
+ ู…ุฑุงุช ุจู€pro-inflammatory a release of certain
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:51,280 --> 00:06:52,180
343
+ mediators
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:54,980 --> 00:06:59,640
347
+ ุจุฏูˆุฑ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูƒ Anti-inflammatory
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:59,640 --> 00:07:05,340
351
+ ูˆ it can be alternatively activated ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:05,340 --> 00:07:09,020
355
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ endocytosis process ุงู„ู„ูŠ can be induced
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:09,020 --> 00:07:12,460
359
+ which ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ุงู„ signals from
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:12,460 --> 00:07:16,580
363
+ microbial products or phytocytosis and cytokine
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:16,580 --> 00:07:23,220
367
+ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุชุฃุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูˆุฌู‡ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู€ Macrophage
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:23,220 --> 00:07:28,540
371
+ ูˆุชู†ุดูŠุทุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู€ Macrophage ูˆุฏูˆุฑ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ููŠ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:28,540 --> 00:07:33,380
375
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Secretory Products which are
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:33,380 --> 00:07:37,460
379
+ released from MacrophageุŸ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุจูŠู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:37,460 --> 00:07:42,700
383
+ Different Secretory Product ุชู†ุชุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Macrophage
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:42,700 --> 00:07:45,760
387
+ ูุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Molecular Weight Metabolites
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:45,760 --> 00:07:50,280
391
+ ุฒูŠ ูƒู„ ReactiveุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:50,280 --> 00:07:50,400
395
+ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:50,400 --> 00:07:51,660
399
+ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:51,660 --> 00:07:54,160
403
+ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:54,160 --> 00:07:58,260
407
+ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:58,260 --> 00:08:03,640
411
+ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:03,640 --> 00:08:03,900
415
+ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:03,900 --> 00:08:08,820
419
+ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:08,820 --> 00:08:14,760
423
+ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:14,760 --> 00:08:18,260
427
+ ู†ูŠุชู…ู† ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช stimulatory ุฃูˆ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:18,260 --> 00:08:20,640
431
+ inhibitory ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ transform of growth factor beta
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:20,640 --> 00:08:28,320
435
+ ุฃูŠุถุง it can release certain chemokine ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:28,320 --> 00:08:36,660
439
+ CCL2 ูˆ 3 ุฃูˆ 4 ุฃูˆ 5 ุฃูˆ 8 ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู„ู‡ู… ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูƒุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:36,660 --> 00:08:42,370
443
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ receptors ููŠ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุฃุฏู‡ูŠุฌูŠ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:42,370 --> 00:08:46,250
447
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆูŠุฒ ุงู„ูุงุจุฑูŠู†ูƒุชุฑุงุชุฑูˆู…ุจุณุจุฑุฏูŠู† ูˆุฏู‡ ุจู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:46,250 --> 00:08:48,730
451
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ optionization Matrix adhesion ููŠ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:48,730 --> 00:08:54,870
455
+ agocytosis ููŠ pheropoptic cells complement ุจุชู†ุชุฌ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:54,870 --> 00:09:02,430
459
+ ูƒู„ ุงู„ complement ุฃุดู‡ุฑู‡ุง C3 ูˆุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูƒ local
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:02,430 --> 00:09:07,810
463
+ optionizer Procoagulant ุจุชู†ุชุฌ Tesiofactor ู‡ุฐุง
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:07,810 --> 00:09:10,170
467
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† plotting cascade
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:14,570 --> 00:09:19,290
471
+ ูุงูƒุชูˆุฑ ูˆ ุงูŠุถุง ุชูุฑุฒ ุงู†ุฒุงูŠู… ู…ุซู„ Lysosome ,
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:19,290 --> 00:09:23,190
475
+ Eurokinese, Collagenese, Elastese ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจูŠู„ุนุจูˆุง ุฏูˆุฑ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:23,190 --> 00:09:28,550
479
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูƒ Gram Positive Bacterial Lysis Lysosome ูˆ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:28,550 --> 00:09:34,070
483
+ Eurokinese ู…ุซู„ Fibrinolysis ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุทูŠุจ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:34,070 --> 00:09:39,160
487
+ ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ุฃูƒุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ Macrophage,
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:39,260 --> 00:09:42,220
491
+ Myeloid, Dendritic Cells and Osteoclast ูƒู„ู‡ู…
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:42,220 --> 00:09:48,740
495
+ ุจูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุก ู…ูˆู†ูˆุณุงูŠุชุฒ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูุฑุดู‡ู…
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:48,740 --> 00:09:53,000
499
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุฉ ู„ู„ู…ูˆู†ูˆุณุงูŠุชุฒ ู„ูˆ ุชุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู† ููŠ resident
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:53,000 --> 00:09:55,960
503
+ macrophages ุงู„ู„ูŠ which are widely distributed
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:55,960 --> 00:09:59,120
507
+ through out the body ูˆ they are phenotypically
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:59,120 --> 00:10:03,050
511
+ distinct populationsูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุฎุชู„ููˆุง ุจุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:03,050 --> 00:10:08,550
515
+ within the different zone of spleen, lymph nodes
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:08,550 --> 00:10:14,250
519
+ or whatever the organ is Resident macrophage and
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:14,250 --> 00:10:19,530
523
+ recruited macrophage respond according to locally
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:19,530 --> 00:10:23,370
527
+ produced cytokine ุญุณุจ ุงู„ cytokine ุงู„ู…ุตู„ุฉ ูุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:23,370 --> 00:10:30,800
531
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ QTL-1 SecretGamma Interferon ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุญุณู†
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:30,800 --> 00:10:34,200
535
+ ุงู„ุงู†ูู„ุงู…ุงุชูˆุฑูŠ ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุชู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุจูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุงูƒุชูุงุฉ ูˆุดูู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:34,200 --> 00:10:40,880
539
+ ุงู„ูุฌุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุช ุฏูŠ ุงู„ ุจุงุจ ุชูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู†ุฏูˆุณ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:40,880 --> 00:10:42,660
543
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:42,660 --> 00:10:46,520
547
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:46,520 --> 00:10:51,440
551
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:51,440 --> 00:10:53,720
555
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:53,720 --> 00:10:54,260
559
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:10:54,260 --> 00:10:54,280
563
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:10:54,280 --> 00:10:58,140
567
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุฎุชุงูƒุดู† ุงู†ุฏูˆุฒ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:10:58,140 --> 00:11:03,440
571
+ ุงู†ุชูŠุงู†ูู„ุงู…ุชุฑูŠ ุงูƒุดู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ูˆ secretion of ุงูˆ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:03,440 --> 00:11:10,040
575
+ inducing its inhibitory effectsresident macrophage
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:10,040 --> 00:11:14,760
579
+ clear apoptic cells ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:14,760 --> 00:11:21,160
583
+ certain adhesion molecule ูˆ adhesion receptors
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:21,160 --> 00:11:24,520
587
+ ูุจุชุนู…ู„ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ vetronectal receptors ูุจุชุนู…ู„
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:24,520 --> 00:11:30,640
591
+ endocytosis ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ killing activity is not
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:30,640 --> 00:11:37,070
595
+ efficient ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ุฒู… ุงู„ macrophageุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:37,070 --> 00:11:40,150
599
+ Internalized pathogen using variety of specific
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:40,150 --> 00:11:44,010
603
+ and opsonic receptor ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:44,010 --> 00:11:46,530
607
+ -hypopolysaccharide receptor ุงู„-dolyric receptor
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:46,530 --> 00:11:50,250
611
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ูˆุณ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุงู„-RFC ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ูƒู…ุจู„ูŠู…ู†ุช ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:50,250 --> 00:11:55,350
615
+ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ complement component ูŠุนู†ูŠ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:55,350 --> 00:12:00,650
619
+ ู„ู‡ุง different receptor ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู‚ุฏุงุด ุชุนุฏุงุฏ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:00,650 --> 00:12:06,310
623
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑุงูƒุชููŠุดูŠู† ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆูุงุฌ ุงูŠุถุง ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:06,310 --> 00:12:11,370
627
+ ุณูŠุชูˆูƒุงูŠู† ูˆุงู†ุฒูŠู† ุงูˆ complement system ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ูˆ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:11,370 --> 00:12:16,310
631
+ ุจุฑูˆูƒูˆุงุฌู„ุงู†ุฏ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุดูู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:12:16,310 --> 00:12:22,170
635
+ ุงูƒุชููŠุดูŠู† ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆูุงุฌ ูŠู†ุชุฌ ุงูƒุณุฌูŠู† ุฑู‡ูŠุจ ูˆู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู†
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:22,170 --> 00:12:28,870
639
+ ู…ุชูˆุณุท ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ู…ุฎู„ุตุงู† ุฌุฏู‹ุง ู„ุฅู†ุฏูˆุณุชูˆุฒ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆูู†ุฌุงู‰
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:29,550 --> 00:12:34,730
643
+ ูˆุฃูŠุถุง ุดูู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ recently recruited cells
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:34,730 --> 00:12:41,570
647
+ are most effective at antimicrobial killing ุจูŠู†ู…ุง
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:41,570 --> 00:12:46,270
651
+ ุงู„ resting macrophages have only limited killing
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:12:46,270 --> 00:12:50,430
655
+ activity ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ู†ุดุงุทู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:50,430 --> 00:12:58,550
659
+ ุนูŠุด ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงุนุฏู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู€ macrophage ุจุชุทู„ู‚
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:58,550 --> 00:13:03,650
663
+ ุฅู„ู‰ other cytotoxic cells Cell-mediated
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:03,650 --> 00:13:08,150
667
+ cytotoxicity is essential defense mechanism ู„ูŠุด
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:08,150 --> 00:13:10,690
671
+ ุงู„ู€ intracellular pathogen ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ูˆูŠุฑูˆุณ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:10,690 --> 00:13:15,990
675
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง parasites and tumor cells ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:15,990 --> 00:13:20,230
679
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ they can become cytotoxic or target for
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:13:20,230 --> 00:13:24,700
683
+ cytotoxic cellsุงู„process is important in the
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:13:24,700 --> 00:13:27,940
687
+ destruction of allergenic tissue graft ุถูˆุฑ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:13:27,940 --> 00:13:33,480
691
+ cytotoxic cells ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุญูŠุซ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ this
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:33,480 --> 00:13:37,880
695
+ activity is executed by several types of cells
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:37,880 --> 00:13:43,760
699
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ููŠู‡ุง cytotoxic T cell ูˆ ุงู„ NK cell ูˆ ุจุนุถ ู…ุฑุงุช
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:43,760 --> 00:13:49,200
703
+ ุงู„ myeloid cells ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ major cellsุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู†
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:49,200 --> 00:13:52,640
707
+ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุฏุนูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู€ Cytotoxicity ูˆุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:13:52,640 --> 00:13:57,480
711
+ Cytotoxic Cells ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ T-Cytotoxic ูˆ ุงู„ู€ NK Cell
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:57,480 --> 00:14:03,460
715
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ T-Cytotoxic C ุฏูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ T
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:03,460 --> 00:14:06,480
719
+ -Cytotoxic CellุŸ ูƒุงู† ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู†ูŠุฒ ุฃู†ุชุฌูŠู†ูŠูƒ ุฏูŠ ุจุชุงุนุช
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:06,480 --> 00:14:10,580
723
+ presented on MHC Class I ู…ุด ุจุชู‚ุฏู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:10,580 --> 00:14:15,190
727
+ ุจ MHC Class I ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ NK cell react
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:15,190 --> 00:14:18,490
731
+ against cell which do not express MSC class I
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:18,490 --> 00:14:23,610
735
+ ุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ูุงุฑู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ MSC
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:14:23,610 --> 00:14:27,710
739
+ class I ู…ู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู† ูˆูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ presence of
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:14:27,710 --> 00:14:31,930
743
+ MSC class I ู…ู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ุชุงูŠุชุฑ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ they can
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:14:31,930 --> 00:14:35,710
747
+ interact with these cells using a variety of
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:14:35,710 --> 00:14:40,990
751
+ receptors ูˆุดูˆูู†ุง ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ุงู„ู€ NK cell ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:14:40,990 --> 00:14:48,050
755
+ ุณุงุจู‚ุฉุทูŠุจ ูƒูŠู ูŠุญุฏุซ ุงู„ู€ cytotoxicityุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุบู†ุงุตุฑ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:14:48,050 --> 00:14:51,850
759
+ ุงู„ู€ cytotoxicity ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ cell to cell
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:14:51,850 --> 00:14:54,630
763
+ interaction ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ cell to cell contact
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:14:54,630 --> 00:14:59,410
767
+ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† cytokine release ูˆู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ granule
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:14:59,410 --> 00:15:04,070
771
+ release ู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ lithium-heat
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:04,070 --> 00:15:09,860
775
+ degranulation ููŠ ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ุขุฎุฑ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง can
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:09,860 --> 00:15:13,140
779
+ be included ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Fas-Ligand Anti-Human
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:13,140 --> 00:15:18,000
783
+ Necrosis Factor These can signal apoptosis to the
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:15:18,000 --> 00:15:20,900
787
+ target cell ู†ุญู† ู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ู€ Fas ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† death
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:15:20,900 --> 00:15:27,840
791
+ receptor ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Fas-Ligand ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ can induce
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:15:27,840 --> 00:15:33,390
795
+ apoptosis to the cellุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ู† ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ู€
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:15:33,390 --> 00:15:37,070
799
+ Granules ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ Perforin ูˆุงู„ู€ Granzyme ุชุฏูุน ุฅู„ู‰
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:15:37,070 --> 00:15:42,990
803
+ ุชู‡ูŠุฃุฉ ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ cell ุงู„ู€
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:15:42,990 --> 00:15:48,290
807
+ cytotoxic cells ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุดุฑูˆุทู‡ุง cell to cell contactุŒ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:15:48,290 --> 00:15:52,000
811
+ release of cytokineุŒ release of granulesุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:15:52,000 --> 00:15:55,760
815
+ ุฃุณู„ูˆุจ ุขุฎุฑ ู„ู„ู‚ุชู„ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ Death Receptor ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:15:55,760 --> 00:16:02,260
819
+ Fas-Ligand and Tumor Necrosis Factor Signal ูˆ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:02,260 --> 00:16:06,860
823
+ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ู€ Granules ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ Release ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:06,860 --> 00:16:10,640
827
+ Perforation of the Enzyme ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชุดูˆ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:16:10,640 --> 00:16:19,120
831
+ ุฃูˆ Cell Damage ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ูุงุณูŠุชู… ุชููƒูŠุฑู‡ ุนู„ู‰
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:16:19,120 --> 00:16:22,260
835
+ ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูุงูƒุชูˆุฑูŠุณูŠุจุชุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ target cell ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:16:22,260 --> 00:16:25,580
839
+ ู„ู„ุงูƒุชูุงุก ู…ู† ูƒุงุณุง ุจูŠุณูŠุณ ูˆุงู„ูƒุงุณุง ุจูŠุณูŠุณ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:16:25,580 --> 00:16:30,680
843
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ุจุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:16:30,680 --> 00:16:34,360
847
+ ุฃุจูˆุจุชูˆุณุณ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:16:34,360 --> 00:16:40,040
851
+ ูˆุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุชู‰ุจูŠุจูŠู† ู„ู†ุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ููŠ ุฌุฑุญ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:16:40,040 --> 00:16:45,460
855
+ ุงู„ุฅุชู‚ุงุท ุจูŠุจูŠู† ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ interaction between T
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:16:45,460 --> 00:16:48,880
859
+ -cytotoxic and their target cell ูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:16:48,880 --> 00:16:52,380
863
+ interaction ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ูŠ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:16:52,380 --> 00:16:57,120
867
+ T-cytotoxic lymphocytes ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ target cell T
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:16:57,120 --> 00:17:02,790
871
+ -cytotoxic ุฃูˆู„ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุงุดู…ู† signal to
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:17:02,790 --> 00:17:07,470
875
+ be activated ูุงูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ TCR ุจุชุจูŠู† ุงู„ antigen ุงู„ู„ูŠ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:17:07,470 --> 00:17:12,810
879
+ ู…ู…ุณูˆูƒ ุจุงู„ MHC class I ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ูˆุจูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ coreceptor
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:17:12,810 --> 00:17:18,890
883
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ CD8 ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ MHC class I ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:17:18,890 --> 00:17:25,530
887
+ ุจุชุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ first signal ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:17:25,530 --> 00:17:34,370
891
+ other signalู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ CD2 ุจุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:17:34,370 --> 00:17:40,210
895
+ leukocyte functioning antigen ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ leukocyte
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:17:40,210 --> 00:17:43,450
899
+ functioning antigen one ุนู„ู‰ cytotoxic telemphocyte
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:17:43,450 --> 00:17:46,950
903
+ ุจุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ ICAM-1 ูˆุงู„ ICAM-1 ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:17:46,950 --> 00:17:53,320
907
+ intracellularAdhesion molecule number one ูุจุชู‚ูˆู‰
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:17:53,320 --> 00:17:58,940
911
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงูŠุด ููŠ activation and cytotoxic
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:17:58,940 --> 00:18:03,740
915
+ activity activation
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:03,740 --> 00:18:05,960
919
+ and
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:18:07,470 --> 00:18:11,830
923
+ Target Cell Killing By CD8-T Cytotoxic Cell ุญูƒูŠู†ุง
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:18:11,830 --> 00:18:17,650
927
+ ููŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ B Cell Activity Lecture ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง ูƒูŠููŠุฉ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:18:17,650 --> 00:18:22,410
931
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูุงุฒ ูุงุฒ legend activity ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง CD4
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:18:22,410 --> 00:18:31,650
935
+ -T Cell ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… CD95 ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูุงุฒ ู…ุน ุงู„ CD178
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:18:31,650 --> 00:18:36,490
939
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:18:38,320 --> 00:18:42,240
943
+ ุจู€ Target Cell ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง Fast Fast
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:18:42,240 --> 00:18:51,020
947
+ -Legend Activity ูˆ Killing Mechanism ู†ุญูƒูŠ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:18:51,020 --> 00:18:54,500
951
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Non-Lymphoid Cytotoxic Effects
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:18:54,500 --> 00:18:59,220
955
+ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุบูŠุฑ ู„ู†ููˆูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู† ุงู„ู€ Macrophages
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:18:59,220 --> 00:19:02,920
959
+ Macrophages can damage target using their non
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:02,920 --> 00:19:08,160
963
+ -specific toxic effect or system and viavia
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:19:08,160 --> 00:19:16,460
967
+ cytokine ูˆููŠู…ุง ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ non lymphoid cytotoxic
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:19:16,460 --> 00:19:21,540
971
+ cell which can invade micro organism ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:19:21,540 --> 00:19:28,460
975
+ ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุณูŠุฒ cytotoxicity ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ุงู„ู€
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:19:28,460 --> 00:19:32,440
979
+ Antibody Dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:19:32,440 --> 00:19:39,480
983
+ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุชูƒุณูŠูƒ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏุฉ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:19:43,160 --> 00:19:46,140
987
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ macrophage ูˆ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:19:46,140 --> 00:19:48,680
991
+ ุงู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆููŠู„ุŒ these are phagocytic cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ู…
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:19:48,680 --> 00:19:53,560
995
+ receptors ู„ู„-FC portion of IgG ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ู…ุŒ ูุนู„ู‰
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:19:53,560 --> 00:19:56,980
999
+ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู†ุฉ ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ู… receptor ู„ู„-FC
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:19:56,980 --> 00:20:00,300
1003
+ gamma ุฑูŠุญุต ุงู„ู€Receptor 1 ูˆุงู„ู€FC gamma ุฑูŠุญุต
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:00,300 --> 00:20:06,040
1007
+ ุงู„ู€Receptor 2ุŒ ูˆุฏู‡ ุจูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุงู„ tumor
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:06,040 --> 00:20:10,100
1011
+ cell ุจุงู„ู€antigen and induce ADCC
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:12,640 --> 00:20:16,740
1015
+ ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆูุงุฌูŠุง ุงู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆููŠู„ ุชู‡ูŠุฃ ู„ุฅุฏู…ุงุฑ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุจุฅุฏุฎุงู„ู‡
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:20:16,740 --> 00:20:20,320
1019
+ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌุณู… ูˆู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุชู… ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:20:20,320 --> 00:20:22,840
1023
+ ู„ู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ ูŠุชู… ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ ูŠุชู… ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ู‡
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:20:22,840 --> 00:20:24,460
1027
+ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ ูŠุชู… ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ ูŠุชู…
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:20:24,460 --> 00:20:25,300
1031
+ ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ ูŠุชู… ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌุณู…
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:20:25,300 --> 00:20:28,140
1035
+ ูˆ ูŠุชู… ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ ูŠุชู… ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:20:28,140 --> 00:20:31,080
1039
+ ู„ู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ ูŠุชู… ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ ูŠุชู… ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ู‡
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:20:31,080 --> 00:20:38,400
1043
+ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ ูŠุชู… ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:20:38,400 --> 00:20:42,510
1047
+ ูŠุชู…ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ุงูƒุฑูˆููŠุฑุณ ูŠุฌุนู„ ู„ู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุณู…ู‘ู‰ human
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:20:42,510 --> 00:20:50,030
1051
+ necrosis ูุงูƒุชูˆุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุฏุนู… ุงุจูˆุจุชูˆุณูŠุฒ ูˆุฃูŠุถุง
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:20:50,030 --> 00:20:56,810
1055
+ ุงู„ููŠุฌุฑ ุงู„ุฃุชูŠ ุจูŠุจูŠู† ู„ูŠ ุงู„ mechanism that may
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:20:56,810 --> 00:21:00,330
1059
+ contribute to the cytotoxicity of myeloid cell
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:21:00,330 --> 00:21:04,930
1063
+ ุดูˆููˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจุทู„ุน reactive oxygen species
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:21:04,930 --> 00:21:08,710
1067
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจุทู„ุน
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:21:10,040 --> 00:21:19,600
1071
+ reactive nitrogen species ุจูŠุทู„ุน c3a receptor sorry
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:21:19,600 --> 00:21:25,120
1075
+ c3a component ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:21:25,120 --> 00:21:31,260
1079
+ recruitment of other cells super oxide, anion,
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:21:31,400 --> 00:21:34,740
1083
+ reactive intermediate, nitric oxide, human
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:21:34,740 --> 00:21:40,050
1087
+ interest factor alpha ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง ู…ุงุดูŠุงู„ุฐูŠ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:21:40,050 --> 00:21:43,390
1091
+ ูŠุชู… ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ู‡ ู…ู† ุฌุณุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ูŠูˆูŠุฏ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ ุชุฏู…ูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฌุณุฏ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:21:43,390 --> 00:21:48,590
1095
+ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณูŠุชูˆูƒุงูŠู† ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงุชูŠุงู„ ุงู„ุชุญูƒูŠ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:21:48,590 --> 00:21:53,550
1099
+ ุงู„ุงุฏูŠู†ููŠู„ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู„ูŠุณ ู„ูŠู†ููˆูŠุฏ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:21:56,710 --> 00:22:03,490
1103
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:22:03,490 --> 00:22:11,850
1107
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:22:15,110 --> 00:22:20,230
1111
+ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงู…ูŠูˆุณ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุฃุณุงุณูŠ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:22:20,230 --> 00:22:24,870
1115
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุฅูŠุฒูŠู†ูˆููŠู„ ุจุงู„ุงูƒุณูŠุฏูŠุฒ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:22:24,870 --> 00:22:31,050
1119
+ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู‚ุงุชู„ ู‚ูˆู‰ ู„ู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุจุฅูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ู‡ุงู„ุงูŠุฏ ู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:22:31,050 --> 00:22:37,570
1123
+ ุญูŠุจูˆู‡ุงู„ุงูŠุฏ ูˆุฅูŠุฒูŠู†ูˆููŠู„ ูƒุงุชูŠุงู†ูŠูƒ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูˆู‡ูˆ ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:22:37,570 --> 00:22:43,310
1127
+ ู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุดูŠุณุชูˆุณูˆู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ูƒูˆู†
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:22:43,310 --> 00:22:51,190
1131
+ ุงุณุชุนุฑุถู†ุงุงู„ู€ Mononuclear phagocytic cell ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:22:51,190 --> 00:23:02,330
1135
+ cytotoxic effect induced by these cells ุฃุดูƒุฑ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:02,330 --> 00:23:03,470
1139
+ ู„ูƒู… ุงุณุชู…ุงุนูƒู…
1140
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYQ8nzyth9nyErvTJtUFKlo/8g1W-HF2ZGc_postprocess.srt ADDED
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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:01,260 --> 00:00:05,520
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุจุญุถุฑุชู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุนู† ุงู„
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:05,520 --> 00:00:10,060
7
+ immunodeficiency syndrome ูˆ ุงู„ immunodeficiency
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:10,060 --> 00:00:17,340
11
+ syndrome are divided ู…ุฑุฉ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:17,340 --> 00:00:21,500
15
+ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุจุญุถุฑุชู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุนู† ุงู„
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:21,500 --> 00:00:25,780
19
+ immunodeficiency syndrome these are divided into
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:25,780 --> 00:00:30,720
23
+ two major categoriesู‚ุณู…ู‡ู… ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ุฃุณุงุณูŠูŠู† ุฌุงู„ู‡
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:30,720 --> 00:00:33,260
27
+ ููŠู‡ primary immune deficiency ูˆ ููŠู‡ secondary
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:33,260 --> 00:00:38,740
31
+ immune deficiency ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ูƒู„ุชุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุชูŠู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:38,740 --> 00:00:43,460
35
+ ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ู…ุชุจุงูŠู†ุฉ ู‡ุชุทุฑุฎ ู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:43,460 --> 00:00:52,620
39
+ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ categories
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:52,620 --> 00:00:58,050
43
+ of primary immune response ุงูˆ deficiencyุทุจ ุงุญู†ุง
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:58,050 --> 00:01:01,030
47
+ ู‡ู†ุชุทู„ู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู„ู„ primary immune deficiency ุซู…
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:01,030 --> 00:01:04,310
51
+ ู‡ู†ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ secondary immune deficiency ุฌุงู†ูˆ ููŠ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:04,310 --> 00:01:08,130
55
+ ุงู„ primary immune deficiency ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนูˆุงู…ู„
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:08,130 --> 00:01:12,970
59
+ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ู„ immune response ุงูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ T
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:12,970 --> 00:01:17,410
63
+ cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ cell mediated immunity ูˆ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ B
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:17,410 --> 00:01:21,070
67
+ cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ antibody mediated immunity ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:21,070 --> 00:01:28,590
71
+ both B and T cell immunityุซู… Non-specific immunity
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:28,590 --> 00:01:36,490
75
+ ู…ุชู…ุซู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ูุงุฌูˆุณูŠุชูƒ ุณูŠู„ and or ุงู†ูƒูŠ ุณูŠู„ ุซู… ุงู„
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:36,490 --> 00:01:42,490
79
+ complement activation ุฃูŠุถุง ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:42,490 --> 00:01:48,190
83
+ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ุจุชู…ุซู„ ุงู„ category of primary immune
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:48,190 --> 00:01:52,070
87
+ response ู‡ู†ุทู„ู‚ ุงู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุนุงู…ู„ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ูˆ ู†ุงุฎุฏ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:52,070 --> 00:01:57,100
91
+ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ูƒุชุด ุจุชุดูƒ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ immunodeficiency
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:57,100 --> 00:02:05,380
95
+ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ ุนุดุฑ ู…ุญุงุฐูŠุฑ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู…ุธุงู‡ุฑ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ for
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:05,380 --> 00:02:10,740
99
+ immunodeficiency disease ู†ู…ุฑุง ูˆุงุญุฏ six or more
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:10,740 --> 00:02:14,320
103
+ infections per year ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุณุช ู…ุฑุงุช ุชุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:14,320 --> 00:02:17,820
107
+ infection ููŠ ุงู„ุณู…ุงุก ู†ู…ุฑุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† two or more severe
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:17,820 --> 00:02:22,360
111
+ sinusitis per yearู†ู…ุฑุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ antibiotic treatment
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:22,360 --> 00:02:27,780
115
+ lasting for two months or even longer ุจุฏูˆู† ุฃูŠุงู…
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:27,780 --> 00:02:33,900
119
+ visible effect ู†ู…ุฑุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ two or more pneumonia
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:33,900 --> 00:02:39,800
123
+ per year ู†ู…ุฑุง ุฎู…ุณุฉ retardation of growth and
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:39,800 --> 00:02:44,920
127
+ development of child ู†ู…ุฑุง ุณุชุฉ recurrent deep skin
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:44,920 --> 00:02:50,610
131
+ or organ abscessesู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ู…ูŠูƒูˆุณูŠุณ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุนู…ู„
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:50,610 --> 00:02:52,630
135
+ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:52,630 --> 00:02:56,110
139
+ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:56,110 --> 00:02:57,110
143
+ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:57,110 --> 00:02:57,130
147
+ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:57,130 --> 00:02:57,530
151
+ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:57,530 --> 00:02:57,610
155
+ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:57,610 --> 00:03:01,590
159
+ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:01,590 --> 00:03:10,320
163
+ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู†ู…ุฑุง ุชุณุนุฉ ุชูˆุฑ more severe
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:10,320 --> 00:03:14,740
167
+ infection ุฒูŠ encephalitis, osteitis, dermatitis,
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:14,860 --> 00:03:19,440
171
+ myositis and sepsis ู†ู…ุฑุง ุนุดุฑุฉ family history
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:19,440 --> 00:03:27,680
175
+ indicating primary immune deficiency ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:27,680 --> 00:03:32,980
179
+ ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุงุช ุทู„ุน ุงู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุจูŠุจูŠู† ู„ู†ุง
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:32,980 --> 00:03:37,090
183
+ different types of infectionุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ูƒุงู†ุช
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:37,090 --> 00:03:41,670
187
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุนุชุณ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ูˆ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู†ูˆู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุบุงู„ุจุง
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:41,670 --> 00:03:44,470
191
+ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… B cell and antibody
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:44,470 --> 00:03:49,970
195
+ deficiency ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุฌุฏูˆู„ ู…ุตู†ู ุงู†ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:49,970 --> 00:03:56,590
199
+ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุบูŠุงุจ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ูุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ B cell ุงูˆ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:56,590 --> 00:04:01,420
203
+ B lymphocyte deficiencywhich means deficiency in
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:01,420 --> 00:04:05,600
207
+ antibody-mediated immunity ููˆู‚ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ recurrent
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:05,600 --> 00:04:08,260
211
+ bacterial infection ูˆุชุนุชุณู…ูŠุฉ recurrent infection
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:08,260 --> 00:04:11,960
215
+ ูˆู‡ุง ูƒุฐุง T cell deficiency ูŠุนู†ูŠ cell-mediated
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:11,960 --> 00:04:15,920
219
+ immunity deficiency ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ susceptibility to the
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:15,920 --> 00:04:19,460
223
+ viral fungal protozoa ูˆุงู„infection ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:19,460 --> 00:04:24,820
227
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุนูŠุด ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู‡ ุนูŠุด ู„ู‡
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:24,820 --> 00:04:27,080
231
+ ุงู„ associated disease
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:29,920 --> 00:04:32,720
235
+ ุชุฎูŠู„ ุงู†ู†ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ primary
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:32,720 --> 00:04:38,440
239
+ immunodeficiency syndromes ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงุณุชุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ IGA
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:38,440 --> 00:04:42,260
243
+ deficiency ุงู„ frequency of immunodeficiency is
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:42,260 --> 00:04:48,460
247
+ very low ุญุฏุฏูˆู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุนุดุฑ ุชู„ุงู ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ูุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:48,460 --> 00:04:53,520
251
+ ู…ู†ู‡ู… associated with antibody deficiency ุนุดุฑูŠู†
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:53,520 --> 00:04:59,350
255
+ ูุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุงุณูˆุด combined with deficiency ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู†ู‡
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:59,350 --> 00:05:03,850
259
+ ููŠู‡ antibody ูˆ cell-mediated immunity 18% for
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:03,850 --> 00:05:07,590
263
+ phagocystic disorders 10% for cell-mediated
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:07,590 --> 00:05:15,810
267
+ immunity alone ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ P1.1ุจูŠุจูŠู† ุงู† ูƒู„ ู…ุง
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:15,810 --> 00:05:20,830
271
+ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ defect earlier ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ genetic defect
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:20,830 --> 00:05:24,830
275
+ ุงูˆ ุงู„ block ุญุฏุซ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:24,830 --> 00:05:30,330
279
+ ููŠ ุฏุฑุงุนูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนู‰ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† earlier
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:30,330 --> 00:05:38,850
283
+ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ effect more severe and diseaseable
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:38,850 --> 00:05:45,160
287
+ ุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ูุฌุฑุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง figure ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูŠุจูŠู†
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:45,160 --> 00:05:51,460
291
+ ุงู† ุงู„ hemopoietic maturation steps for both T and
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:51,460 --> 00:05:58,400
295
+ B lymphocytes ู I ุจูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุจุฏุงูŠุชู‡ุง
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:58,400 --> 00:06:04,050
299
+ lymphoid stem cellุซู… pre-cell ุซู… immature cell ุซู…
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:04,050 --> 00:06:07,970
303
+ ุงู„ mature ุจูŠู‡ lymphocytes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุจุนุง ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจุชุฏูŠู†ุง
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:07,970 --> 00:06:12,430
307
+ different types of antibody once ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:12,430 --> 00:06:18,090
311
+ maturation occur to plasma cell ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู†
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:18,090 --> 00:06:23,570
315
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ defect ูˆูƒู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:23,570 --> 00:06:27,950
319
+ associated with certain diseaseูˆ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:27,950 --> 00:06:36,070
323
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุจุฏุฑูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุด ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:36,070 --> 00:06:41,710
327
+ ุชู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุชุนุทู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ disease
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:41,710 --> 00:06:45,290
331
+ more severe ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ thymus ุงูˆ ุงู„
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:45,290 --> 00:06:49,750
335
+ telephocytes ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ thymus
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:52,580 --> 00:06:59,000
339
+ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ูƒู€ mature CD4 ุฃูˆ CD8 T lymphocytes
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:59,000 --> 00:07:05,280
343
+ ูˆุทุจุนุง ุชุดุชุบู„ ูƒimmune
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:05,280 --> 00:07:10,600
347
+ cell ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูุดูˆููˆุง
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:10,600 --> 00:07:15,600
351
+ ู‚ุณู…ูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆูƒู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:15,600 --> 00:07:19,120
355
+ associated ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒู… or combined with a certain
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:19,120 --> 00:07:24,000
359
+ disease ูุฑู‚ 1 ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู‡ูŠูŠุนู†ูŠ ูู‰ ุจุฏุฑูŠ ุฎุงู„ุต
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:27,120
363
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูู‰ severe compound immunodeficiency
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:27,120 --> 00:07:32,200
367
+ syndrome ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุฏุฑูŠ ุงุฏูˆุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูู‰
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:32,200 --> 00:07:36,000
371
+ congenital thymic aplasia ูˆุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฏูŠ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:36,000 --> 00:07:40,020
375
+ ุฌุงุฑุณ ุณู†ุฏุฑูˆู… ูŠุนู†ู‰ ู…ุงููŠุด ุชู‰ lymphocytes ุจุชุชุตู†ุน ุงุชูˆู„
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:40,020 --> 00:07:47,480
379
+ ุฑู‚ู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฏูˆุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูู‰ skid ุงูŠุถุง ุฑู‚ู… ุงุฑุจุน ูู‰ ุงู„ B
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:47,480 --> 00:07:51,610
383
+ cell ุงุฏูˆุฉู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ X-Linked E Gamma Global
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:51,610 --> 00:07:58,530
387
+ Anemia ู…ุงููŠ ูˆู„ุง Antibody ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุฑู‚ู… ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:58,530 --> 00:08:03,570
391
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฑู‚ู… ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ common variable immune
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:03,570 --> 00:08:09,670
395
+ deficiency disease ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒู„
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:09,670 --> 00:08:16,440
399
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ associated with certain diseaseู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจู€
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:16,440 --> 00:08:22,600
403
+ Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Diseases ูˆู‡ูŠ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:22,600 --> 00:08:26,640
407
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู‡ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ุณ ุฌุฑูˆุจ of disease associated or
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:26,640 --> 00:08:29,700
411
+ in which cell-mediated immunity and antibody ู„ุฃู†ู‡
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:29,700 --> 00:08:35,060
415
+ combined production are defected ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ู…ุนุทู„ูŠู†
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:35,060 --> 00:08:38,960
419
+ both humoral and cell-mediated immunity are
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:38,960 --> 00:08:44,940
423
+ defectedููŠ ุงู„ุฒู…ู† ู‡ุชุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงูˆ Swiss-type Aiga
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:44,940 --> 00:08:49,820
427
+ Microbial Anemia ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ susceptible to
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:49,820 --> 00:08:54,060
431
+ virtually every type of microbial infection, viral
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:54,060 --> 00:08:59,040
435
+ infection, bacterial infection, fungal, protozoal
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:59,040 --> 00:09:04,380
439
+ and so on ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:04,380 --> 00:09:08,380
443
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ู‡ูˆ Infection of Cytomegalovirus,
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:08,980 --> 00:09:16,220
447
+ Pneumocystitiscarny eye and candida ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฏูˆู„
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:16,220 --> 00:09:23,260
451
+ ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง vaccine with attenuated lymph virus
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:23,260 --> 00:09:29,700
455
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ it will lead to death patient have been
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:29,700 --> 00:09:32,260
459
+ classified according to the following figure or
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:32,260 --> 00:09:40,020
463
+ table ุฌุงู„ ูˆุฏูˆุง ู‚ุณู…ู‡ู… ู„ T minus B plus T minus B
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:40,020 --> 00:09:45,920
467
+ minusุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุณู†ุชุทุฑู‚ ู„ูƒู„ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุจุณ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:45,920 --> 00:09:51,980
471
+ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ูู‡ู… ุงู† T minus ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุบูŠุงุจ ู„ T cell ุจูŠ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:51,980 --> 00:09:57,500
475
+ ุจู„ุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ normal ุจูŠ cell ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุบูŠุงุจ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:57,500 --> 00:10:02,280
479
+ ู„ุฃู†ูƒูŠ cell ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ T minus ุจูŠ minus ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุง ุจูŠ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:02,280 --> 00:10:08,780
483
+ ูˆู„ุง T cell ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† plusู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:08,780 --> 00:10:12,080
487
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… T ุณู„ ูˆB ุณู„ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู… ุบูŠุฑ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:12,080 --> 00:10:18,840
491
+ ุดุบุงู„ุงุก ู…ุด ุดุบุงู„ูŠู† T plus B minus it's very rare ูˆ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:18,840 --> 00:10:23,960
495
+ they preferred treatment ุทุจุนุง ู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ู† ู‡ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู†ู‡
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:23,960 --> 00:10:28,460
499
+ ู†ุนู…ู„ bone marrow transplantation from an HLA
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:28,460 --> 00:10:33,660
503
+ matched sibling donor ูˆุฏู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงูˆู„
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:33,660 --> 00:10:38,340
507
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ T minus B plus ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠู…ุงููŠุด D
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:38,340 --> 00:10:42,000
511
+ -cell ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ู…ุงููŠู‡ B-cell ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† X
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:42,000 --> 00:10:49,920
515
+ -linked skid ุจูŠู…ุซู„ 40 ู„ 50% ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:49,920 --> 00:10:54,000
519
+ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ mutation ุฌุงู„ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ X-chromosome
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:54,000 --> 00:10:58,980
523
+ ุงู„ุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ mutation ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ X
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:58,980 --> 00:11:05,180
527
+ -chromosome which could forgamer chain ู…ุงุดูŠ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:06,650 --> 00:11:12,870
531
+ Gamma Chain Cytokine Receptor ูˆุทุจุนุงู‹ this Gamma
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:12,870 --> 00:11:17,230
535
+ Chain ุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Signal
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:17,230 --> 00:11:22,290
539
+ Transduction ู„ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ cytokine ู…ู†ู‡ุง IL2,
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:22,390 --> 00:11:30,110
543
+ IL4, IL7, IL9, IL15ูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุบูŠุจู‡ุง ุจุนู…ู„
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:30,110 --> 00:11:36,930
547
+ ุบูŠุงุจ ู„ ุงู„ function for this cytokine ูˆู‡ุฐุง ููƒุฑุฉ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:36,930 --> 00:11:42,830
551
+ ูˆุงุถุญ ุฌุฏุง ู‡ูŠ receptor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุด legend
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:42,830 --> 00:11:49,870
555
+ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ cytokine ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงู„ legend ุชุนูˆู†ูˆู‡ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:49,870 --> 00:11:55,690
559
+ cytokine ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ูู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู… ู…ู† two chain ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุชูˆ ุจูˆู„ูŠ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:55,690 --> 00:11:58,550
563
+ ู…ุจุชุนุฏุฉ chain ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:58,550 --> 00:12:03,010
567
+ signal transduction ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ gamma chain gamma chain
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:03,010 --> 00:12:05,690
571
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุบูŠุงุจู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด signal transduction
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:05,690 --> 00:12:10,270
575
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด transcription for this gene ู…ุงุดูŠ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:10,270 --> 00:12:16,330
579
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ function ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ cytokine will be
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:16,330 --> 00:12:22,950
583
+ missed ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:22,950 --> 00:12:30,260
587
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ witchesูŠุนู†ูŠ similar to this disease ู‡ูˆ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:30,260 --> 00:12:34,880
591
+ ุบูŠุงุจ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ receptor ู…ุด ูƒุจูˆู„ูŠุจูŠู† ุจุชุนุฏุฏ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:34,880 --> 00:12:39,000
595
+ ุดูŠู†ูˆ ุงู†ู…ุง ูƒ functioning process ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุบูŠุงุจ ุงู„ุฌุงูƒ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:39,000 --> 00:12:44,900
599
+ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุบูŠุงุจ ู„ู„ุฌุงูƒ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑุด ููŠู‡ ุชุบูŠุฑ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:44,900 --> 00:12:47,440
603
+ ููŠ ุงู„ gamma ูˆู…ุชู…ุง ุชุบูŠุฑุช ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ signal
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:47,440 --> 00:12:52,190
607
+ transduction ุบูŠุงุจ ุงู„ุฌุงูƒ ุฃูŠุถุงุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุนู…ู„ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:52,190 --> 00:12:57,950
611
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุบูŠุงุจ ู„ู„ signal transduction ู‡ุฐุง
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:57,950 --> 00:13:04,990
615
+ X-linked ูˆุงู„ Jack deficiency ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงุชุฒูˆู… ุงู„
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:04,990 --> 00:13:12,290
619
+ recessive disease ุงูŠ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:12,290 --> 00:13:15,670
623
+ ุงุชุฒูˆู… ุงู„ recessive ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุบูŠุงุจ ุงู„ Jack ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ูˆ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:15,670 --> 00:13:21,290
627
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Tyrosine Kinase ูˆุทุจุนุง ุบูŠุงุจุจูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:21,290 --> 00:13:24,950
631
+ signal transduction ูˆูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุงู† ุงู„ expression of
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:24,950 --> 00:13:28,530
635
+ Jack ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ hemopoietic cells ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:28,530 --> 00:13:33,790
639
+ ู…ุงูŠุตูŠุฑุด ููŠ maturation ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:33,790 --> 00:13:40,310
643
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ T minus B minus ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:40,310 --> 00:13:46,830
647
+ ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ group ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ adenosine diamine
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:46,830 --> 00:13:52,160
651
+ deficiencyูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู†ุฒุงูŠู† ุจูŠู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:52,160 --> 00:13:59,660
655
+ ุงู„ู€ Purine pathway ูŠู…ุซู„ 20% ู…ู† ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Skid ูˆู‡ูˆ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:59,660 --> 00:14:05,260
659
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† autism recessive disease ูˆุบูŠุงุจู‡ ุจูŠุนู†ูŠ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:05,260 --> 00:14:11,720
663
+ accumulation of toxic wastes ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ build up ููŠ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:11,720 --> 00:14:20,200
667
+ build up ู„ูŠุด ู„ู„ toxic waste ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุทุจุนุง it has
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:20,200 --> 00:14:24,340
671
+ greatest impact of the immune ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนู‰
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:24,340 --> 00:14:29,880
675
+ ุจูŠุฃุฏู‰ ู„ู„ููŠู„ูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ both T and B cell development ุจุนุฏ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:29,880 --> 00:14:32,260
679
+ ุชุงู†ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ purely nucleotide phosphorylase
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:32,260 --> 00:14:33,020
683
+ deficiency
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:35,470 --> 00:14:39,610
687
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ู…ุฎุงุทุฑุฉ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:39,610 --> 00:14:47,910
691
+ ุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฎุงุทุฑุฉ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุฏู…ุฑ ู†ุธุงู…
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:47,910 --> 00:14:52,930
695
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ูˆุจูŠุฃุซุฑ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:52,930 --> 00:14:57,570
699
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ T-cell ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุงู†ููˆูŠุชุดูŠูˆ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:57,570 --> 00:15:03,470
703
+ ู…ุฏูู†ูŠู† ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Recombinase deficiency
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:15:04,630 --> 00:15:09,150
707
+ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ Recombinase Deficiency ู†ุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:15:09,150 --> 00:15:13,610
711
+ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ RAG 1 ูˆ RAG 2 ู‡ู…ุง two
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:15:13,610 --> 00:15:16,750
715
+ important genes ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ูู‰ ุงู„ู€ lymphocytes only
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:15:16,750 --> 00:15:21,710
719
+ ูˆุจูŠู„ุนุจูˆุง ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูู‰ ุงู„ rearrangement of both
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:21,710 --> 00:15:28,950
723
+ immunoglobulin gene and TCR gene ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุบูŠุงุจู‡ู…
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:29,520 --> 00:15:34,520
727
+ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ gene rearrangement ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:34,520 --> 00:15:38,600
731
+ ุงู„ู€ mutation ุจุชุคุซุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ complete absence ุชุนู…ู„
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:38,600 --> 00:15:43,440
735
+ complete absence ู„ู„ู€ T ูˆ B ุงู„ุงู†ูุณุงูŠุช ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:43,440 --> 00:15:44,540
739
+ ู…ุงููŠุด immunoglobul
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:50,790 --> 00:15:56,210
743
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด match or ู„ุฃ ุชูŠ ูˆู„ุง ุจูŠ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:56,210 --> 00:16:04,670
747
+ function is intact ุชูŠ ุจู„ุณ ุจูŠ ู…ุงุนูŠู† ุงุฐุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:16:06,040 --> 00:16:10,740
751
+ ูˆู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู† ุฃุดุงุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Omen Syndrome ูˆุงู„ู€ Omen
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:16:10,740 --> 00:16:17,280
755
+ Syndrome ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎู„ู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ reduction
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:16:17,280 --> 00:16:21,420
759
+ ููŠ ุงู„ or partial complete or partial reduction of
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:16:21,420 --> 00:16:27,900
763
+ the rag genes ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ rag
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:16:27,900 --> 00:16:32,760
767
+ activity ุงู„ clinical presentation ุฒูŠ ูˆุฒูŠ ุงู„ graft
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:32,760 --> 00:16:39,350
771
+ versus host diseaseูˆุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุชุฏูุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู…ุงุช
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:39,350 --> 00:16:44,390
775
+ ู„ู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุงู†ูŠูˆู†ูŠูˆ ูˆู‡ู… ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุฌุณุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌูŠ ุชูŠ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:44,390 --> 00:16:51,550
779
+ ุงู†ูู„ุชุฑุงุชูŠุดู† ู…ู† ุฒูŠู†ูˆููŠู„ ูˆุงูƒุชููŠุช ุชูŠ ุณูŠู„ ุชุฏูุนู†ุง ุงู„
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:51,550 --> 00:16:57,290
783
+ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑุชูˆ ุจุงุชูˆูŠ ุณุงูŠุชูˆ ูƒุงูŠู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑ ุงูŠ ุฌูŠ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:57,290 --> 00:17:00,730
787
+ ุงูŠ ุณูŠู†ุฏุฑูˆู… ูˆู…ุงู„ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑุงุดูŠู†
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:17:03,450 --> 00:17:08,590
791
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุตู„ุฉ ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู‰ pre
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:17:08,590 --> 00:17:14,430
795
+ -treatment with immunosuppressive drug ุงู„
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:17:14,430 --> 00:17:21,550
799
+ T plus B plus subgroup ูƒู„ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ู„ูƒู† they
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:17:21,550 --> 00:17:24,870
803
+ are not functioning ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ pair
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:17:24,870 --> 00:17:30,040
807
+ lymphocyte syndromeุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ results from
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:17:30,040 --> 00:17:34,920
811
+ the failure to express HLA molecule ูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:17:34,920 --> 00:17:37,960
815
+ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุงููŠุด HLA molecule ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด antigen
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:17:37,960 --> 00:17:45,220
819
+ presentation ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ HLA class 2
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:45,220 --> 00:17:48,680
823
+ molecule deficiency ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ class 1 ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:48,680 --> 00:17:54,470
827
+ ู…ุชุฃุซุฑ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ุฃcirculating T and B cell may be
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:54,470 --> 00:18:00,110
831
+ normal ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุบูŠุงุจ ุงู„ HLA class 2 ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ู…ุง
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:18:00,110 --> 00:18:07,180
835
+ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ antigen presentation ู„ CD4 T cellุงู„ู€ ZAP
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:18:07,180 --> 00:18:12,080
839
+ -17 ู…ูŠูˆุชูŠุดู† ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูƒูŠู…ูŠูƒุงู„
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:18:12,080 --> 00:18:19,620
843
+ ู…ูŠุณู†ุฌุฑ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู†ู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุจู…ู†ุฎุฏ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:18:19,620 --> 00:18:21,700
847
+ TCR ู„ู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู†ู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุจู…ู†ุฎุฏ TCR ู„ู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:18:21,700 --> 00:18:24,800
851
+ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู†ู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุจู…ู†ุฎุฏ TCR ู„ู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู†ู‚ู„
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:18:24,800 --> 00:18:27,880
855
+ ู„ู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:18:27,880 --> 00:18:31,840
859
+ ุจู…ู†ุฎุฏ TCR ู„ู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณุดูˆููˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู…ุง ุฃุญู„ุงู‡ุง
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:18:31,840 --> 00:18:37,580
863
+ ู†ุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง antigen presenting cell ู…ุงุดูŠ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:18:37,580 --> 00:18:43,160
867
+ ุจุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:43,160 --> 00:18:47,400
871
+ telophosize
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:47,400 --> 00:18:56,040
875
+ ุงู„ antigen ู„ telophosize ูˆ ุทุจุนุงุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:56,040 --> 00:19:01,140
879
+ Antigen Presenting Cell Macrophage ุงูˆ B Cell ุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:19:01,140 --> 00:19:05,660
883
+ ุจู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู€ T-Lymphocyte ุดูˆููˆุง ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:19:05,660 --> 00:19:09,340
887
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงู„ ูƒูŠู ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู‚ุจู„ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:19:09,340 --> 00:19:13,220
891
+ MSC Class II ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู…ุฑุถ ูŠุณู…ูˆู†ู‡ Pale Lymphocyte
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:19:13,220 --> 00:19:16,740
895
+ Syndrome ุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ู‚ุงู„ ู…ุชูˆู… ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงุฒ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:19:16,740 --> 00:19:20,860
899
+ FAS ุงูˆ ุงู„ FAS Legend ูˆ ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ FAS Deficiency
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:19:20,860 --> 00:19:27,110
903
+ Syndromeูˆ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ CD40 legend ูˆ CD40
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:19:27,110 --> 00:19:30,590
907
+ legend ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ T cell ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:19:30,590 --> 00:19:37,990
911
+ Hyper IgM Syndrome ุงุซุฑ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:19:37,990 --> 00:19:43,150
915
+ Multi System Disorders ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ ู„ู„ skid ููŠ skid
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:43,150 --> 00:19:48,190
919
+ like clinical picture associated with certain
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:48,190 --> 00:19:52,000
923
+ disease ุฒูŠ Stuttgart-Aldrich Syndromeูˆุฏุง ุงุณู…ู‡
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:52,000 --> 00:19:56,940
927
+ syndrome ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† x-linked disease ุจูŠุชู…ุซู„ ุจุงู„ู‚ุงุชู„
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:56,940 --> 00:20:00,860
931
+ ู†ู…ุฑุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ bleeding ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ thrombocytopenia
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:20:00,860 --> 00:20:04,340
935
+ ู†ู…ุฑุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ recurrent bacterial infection ููŠ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:20:04,340 --> 00:20:12,200
939
+ allergic reaction ููŠ long term patient ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฌู„ุจ ู„
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:20:12,200 --> 00:20:18,680
943
+ malignant disease ูˆ ุงู„ genetic basisู†ุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:20:18,680 --> 00:20:24,580
947
+ ู…ูŠูˆุชูŠุดู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ X-linked gene ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ุฏู‘ูŠ ุงู„ู‰ a
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:20:24,580 --> 00:20:29,940
951
+ witch code for ูˆูŠุณูƒูˆุช ุฃู„ุฏุฑูŠุฎ ุณู†ุฏุฑูˆู… ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:20:29,940 --> 00:20:35,400
955
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ hemopoietic stem cells both T and
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:20:35,400 --> 00:20:38,220
959
+ B cell are functionally non abnormal
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:20:40,700 --> 00:20:47,340
963
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู† ูŠุชูุงุนู„ ุจู€ Polysaccharide
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:47,340 --> 00:20:51,640
967
+ Antigen ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ Antibiotic
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:51,640 --> 00:20:57,600
971
+ ูˆAntiviral ูˆ ุจูˆู„ู…ุงุฑูˆ ุชุฑุงู†ุณุจู„ุงู†ุชูŠุดู† ูˆ ุจุฏูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:57,600 --> 00:21:02,260
975
+ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ life expectancy ู„ุง ุชุชุนุฏู‰ ุชู„ุช ุณู†ูˆุงุช
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:21:02,260 --> 00:21:09,180
979
+ ุฃุชุงูƒุณูŠุง ุชู„ุงู†ุฌูƒุชุงุฒูŠุงู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุตูŠุฑ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุฑุถู‰ system
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:21:09,180 --> 00:21:14,320
983
+ genetic disorders ุจูŠุชู…ุซู„ ุจุงู„ู‚ุงุชู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ jerky
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:21:14,320 --> 00:21:19,480
987
+ movement or lack of muscle coordination ูˆู†ู…ุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:21:19,480 --> 00:21:24,170
991
+ abnormal vascular dilatation ุชู„ุนู†ุฌูƒุชุงุฒูŠุฉููŠ ุงู„ู€ eye
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:21:24,170 --> 00:21:28,570
995
+ ูˆ ุงู„ skin ูˆ ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ susceptibility to infection
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:21:28,570 --> 00:21:34,870
999
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู†ุฏูˆู„ู†ููˆู…ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ defect ููŠ ุงู„ both B ูˆ T cell
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:21:34,870 --> 00:21:40,270
1003
+ ุงู„ gene ุทุจุนุง of ataxia telangiectasia code for a
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:21:40,270 --> 00:21:46,490
1007
+ protein known ATM ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ have a risk for
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:21:46,490 --> 00:21:51,870
1011
+ developing malignancy ุฎุตูˆุตุง ุงู„ lymphoid neoplasm
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:21:55,810 --> 00:22:01,390
1015
+ ุงู„ู€ category ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ immune deficiency
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:22:01,390 --> 00:22:04,030
1019
+ disorder associated with T cell and cell-mediated
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:22:04,030 --> 00:22:08,510
1023
+ immunity ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู…ุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… T cell
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:22:08,510 --> 00:22:12,790
1027
+ associated deficiency disease ุงู†ู‡ ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู† ุงู„
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:22:12,790 --> 00:22:19,090
1031
+ T cell deficiency ู…ุงู‡ูŠุดูŠ associated with ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:22:19,090 --> 00:22:21,810
1035
+ disease ุฒูŠ ุงู„ viral fungal protozoal infection
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:22:23,590 --> 00:22:26,890
1039
+ ูˆูƒู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ T-Lymphocyte ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุงู„ู€ B
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:22:26,890 --> 00:22:30,730
1043
+ -Lymphocyte ููŠ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู€ antibody which antibody
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:22:30,730 --> 00:22:36,430
1047
+ would form T cell dependent antigen ูˆุบูŠุงุจ or T
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:22:36,430 --> 00:22:40,810
1051
+ cell associated deficiency ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ selective defect
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:22:40,810 --> 00:22:46,170
1055
+ in antibody production ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ T cell deficient
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:46,170 --> 00:22:51,430
1059
+ patient have difficultto distinguish have
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:51,430 --> 00:22:55,850
1063
+ difficulty to distinguish clinically to be
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:55,850 --> 00:23:00,270
1067
+ distinguished clinically from a skeptic patient ู…ุง
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:23:00,270 --> 00:23:05,450
1071
+ ุฒุงู„ ุงู„ B ูˆ ุงู„ T ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ B ู…ุด ุฑุงุญ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:23:05,450 --> 00:23:09,350
1075
+ ุชุดุชุบู„ Congenital
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:23:09,350 --> 00:23:13,890
1079
+ Thymic Aplasia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฏูŠุฌุงุฑุฏ ุณู†ุฏุฑูˆู… ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:23:13,890 --> 00:23:20,950
1083
+ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ุจูƒุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุจุตูŠุฑ ุงุฐุง ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู†ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:23:20,950 --> 00:23:26,110
1087
+ T cell hemopoietic maturation steps ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฏูŠ ุฌูˆุฑุฌ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:23:26,110 --> 00:23:31,070
1091
+ ุณู†ุฏุฑูˆู… ุจูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ T cell deficiency ูˆ in which
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:23:31,070 --> 00:23:34,770
1095
+ the cell must develop abnormally ู…ุงููŠุด ุงูŠุด ู…ุงููŠุด
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:23:34,770 --> 00:23:38,950
1099
+ development ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุงููŠ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู„ T lymphocyte no T
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:23:38,950 --> 00:23:46,310
1103
+ cell ูˆ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† defective migration
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:46,310 --> 00:23:51,420
1107
+ of fetal neural crest cellsุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:51,420 --> 00:23:58,280
1111
+ ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ุงู„ูุฑู†ุฌูŠุงู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ู‡ุงุฑุฏ ูˆุงู„ููŠุณ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:58,280 --> 00:24:05,480
1115
+ ูŠุชุทูˆุฑ ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูˆุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ุซุงูŠู…ุณ ูˆุงู„ุจุฑุงุซูŠุฑูˆูŠุฏ ู„ุง ูŠุชู…
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:24:05,480 --> 00:24:08,820
1119
+ ุชุตู…ูŠู… ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุซุงูŠู…ูƒ ุฃุจู„ูŠุฌูŠุง
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:24:08,820 --> 00:24:14,640
1123
+ ูˆhypoparathyroidism ุซุงูŠู…ูƒ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:24:14,640 --> 00:24:18,940
1127
+ ุฃุจู„ูŠุฌูŠุง ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ููŠ ู…ูุงุฌุฃุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:24:19,890 --> 00:24:24,170
1131
+ Dudler's syndrome ู‡ูˆ ู…ุด hereditary disease ูˆุงู†ู…ุง
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:24:24,170 --> 00:24:31,990
1135
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Sporadic deficiency in chromosome 22q11
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:24:31,990 --> 00:24:36,990
1139
+ or deletion ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:24:36,990 --> 00:24:40,350
1143
+ recurrent of or chronic infection with viruses
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:24:40,350 --> 00:24:47,810
1147
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูู†ุฌุงู‰ ุจุฑูˆุชูˆุฒูˆู‡ูˆ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู‚ูŠุงุจ ู„ู„
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:47,810 --> 00:24:54,090
1151
+ T cellุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูุดู„ุช ุชุฌุฑูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุจุงู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:54,090 --> 00:24:56,730
1155
+ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ู…ูŠุฒูŠู† ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:56,730 --> 00:24:58,610
1159
+ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:58,610 --> 00:25:02,910
1163
+ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:25:03,160 --> 00:25:06,740
1167
+ with normal peripheral T cell number ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:25:06,740 --> 00:25:12,140
1171
+ normal T lymphocyte ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูุดูŠ ูุดูŠ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:25:12,140 --> 00:25:17,960
1175
+ function ุงุฏู‰ functional defect ูู‰ T cell ุงูŠุถุง
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:25:17,960 --> 00:25:22,260
1179
+ opportunistic infection and high incidence of
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:25:22,260 --> 00:25:27,140
1183
+ autoimmune disease ู…ู„ุงุญุธุงุช it's autosomal
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:25:27,140 --> 00:25:32,200
1187
+ recessive pattern ูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† heterogeneous
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:32,200 --> 00:25:38,880
1191
+ groupุฃูŠุถุง ูŠุดู…ู„ ุบูŠุงุจ ู„ู„ ZAP-17 ุชูŠุฑูˆุฒูŠู†ูƒูŠู†ูŠุฒ CD3E
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:25:38,880 --> 00:25:45,860
1195
+ ูˆCD3G ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฅุดุนุงุฑ T-cell
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:25:45,860 --> 00:25:55,840
1199
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ูุงู†ูƒุดู Autoimmune
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:55,840 --> 00:26:01,920
1203
+ lymphoproliferative disease ุงูˆุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุณู…ู‰ ุจู€
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:26:01,920 --> 00:26:06,300
1207
+ Inherited by Massive Proliferation of Lymphoid
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:26:06,300 --> 00:26:08,980
1211
+ Tissue ูˆุจุฏุฃุช
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:26:08,980 --> 00:26:27,160
1215
+ ูŠุชุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุท
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:26:32,150 --> 00:26:35,050
1219
+ ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ autoimmune lymphoproliferative ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:26:35,050 --> 00:26:43,170
1223
+ ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠู†ุงู…ูŠุฉ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ู…ูŠูˆุชูŠุดู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ FAS ุฌูŠู†
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:26:43,170 --> 00:26:51,870
1227
+ ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ FAS ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† CD95 ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:26:51,870 --> 00:27:00,350
1231
+ Apoptosis signaling ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ูŠูˆุชูŠุช
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:27:00,350 --> 00:27:07,140
1235
+ FAS ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูˆู„ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงูˆ that mutated phase
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:27:07,140 --> 00:27:11,140
1239
+ molecule interfere with the function of normal
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:27:11,140 --> 00:27:15,780
1243
+ molecule ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ mutated ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ุงู„
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:27:15,780 --> 00:27:20,420
1247
+ function of normal molecule these patients have
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:27:20,420 --> 00:27:25,840
1251
+ defect in other component of apoptosis pathway ุฒูŠ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:27:25,840 --> 00:27:29,120
1255
+ ุงู„ phase ligand or case base 10
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:27:31,670 --> 00:27:37,270
1259
+ Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis ุจูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณู…
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:27:37,270 --> 00:27:42,250
1263
+ Candidiasis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ Candida infection of skin and
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:27:42,250 --> 00:27:47,830
1267
+ mucous membrane ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ have normal T cell
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:27:47,830 --> 00:27:52,070
1271
+ mediated immunity to microorganism other than
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:27:52,070 --> 00:27:56,810
1275
+ Candida and normal B cell mediated immunityto all
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:27:56,810 --> 00:28:04,190
1279
+ microorganism ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ Canada ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:28:04,190 --> 00:28:09,210
1283
+ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ T-lymphocyte which can respond to all
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:28:09,210 --> 00:28:12,930
1287
+ ุงู„ micro part ู…ุน ุงู„ Canada ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ B-lymphocyte
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:28:12,930 --> 00:28:17,350
1291
+ is normal they have selective defect in the
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:28:17,350 --> 00:28:20,210
1295
+ functional of T cell
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:28:23,500 --> 00:28:28,520
1299
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ BCL-R immunoglobulin associated
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:28:28,520 --> 00:28:33,400
1303
+ immunodeficiency ูˆุฃุดู‡ุฑ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:28:33,400 --> 00:28:36,980
1307
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฑูˆุชูˆู† ุงูŠ ุฌุงู…ุง ุบู„ูˆุจูŠู„ุงู†ูŠู†ูŠุง ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:28:36,980 --> 00:28:42,340
1311
+ ุนู† X-linked infantile ุงูŠ ุฌุงู…ุง ุบู„ูˆุจูŠู„ุงู†ูŠู†ูŠุง ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:28:42,340 --> 00:28:48,260
1315
+ ู…ู† Infanta ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ present with serious unrepeated
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:28:48,260 --> 00:28:52,390
1319
+ infectionูˆุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ is severe depression or
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:28:52,390 --> 00:28:56,710
1323
+ virtual absence of all immunoglobulin ู†ุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:28:56,710 --> 00:29:00,890
1327
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง protons ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ุจูŠ ุณู„ ู…ุงููŠุด ุงูŠุด ุจูŠ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:29:00,890 --> 00:29:06,650
1331
+ lymphocyte ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด antibody production ุทุจุนุง
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:29:06,650 --> 00:29:11,250
1335
+ ุงู„ major defect ูˆุฌุฏูˆู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนุฏู… ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุงู†ู‡ุง
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:29:11,250 --> 00:29:19,290
1339
+ ุชุฌู„ุจ to be mature as B cell protons ุฌูŠู†
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:29:20,990 --> 00:29:28,470
1343
+ ุชู… ุชุบูŠูŠุฑู‡ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ X ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:29:28,470 --> 00:29:33,710
1347
+ ุงู„ุฌูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุชุฏุนู‰ ุชูŠุฑูˆุฒูŠู† ูƒูŠู†ูŠุฒ ุงู†ุฒุนูŠู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:29:33,710 --> 00:29:39,150
1351
+ ุงู„ู€Cytosol XLA
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:29:39,150 --> 00:29:44,810
1355
+ ุชู… ุชุญูŠุทู‡ ู„ุนู‚ู„ ุนู‚ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุณุท ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุณุท
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:29:44,810 --> 00:29:46,210
1359
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€Cytoplasmic
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:29:49,190 --> 00:29:53,930
1363
+ Patient suffered repeated infection Treatment ุทุจุนุง
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:29:53,930 --> 00:29:57,490
1367
+ Periodic injection of intravenous gamma globulin
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:29:57,490 --> 00:30:04,670
1371
+ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ IgG Transient
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:30:04,670 --> 00:30:10,990
1375
+ Hypo Gamma Globulinemia ุงุณู… Transient ููŠ ุนู…ุฑ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:30:10,990 --> 00:30:16,940
1379
+ ู„ุณุช ุดู‡ูˆุฑุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Passively transferred from
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:30:16,940 --> 00:30:26,980
1383
+ maternal to fetus of IgG antibody ูˆุทุจุนุง
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:30:26,980 --> 00:30:36,140
1387
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ IGG ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุธู‡ุฑ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:30:36,140 --> 00:30:44,810
1391
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ infant IGG premature infantู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:30:44,810 --> 00:30:49,570
1395
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ Transient IgG Deficiency if they are not yet
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:30:49,570 --> 00:30:55,050
1399
+ able to synthesize immunoglobulin sometimes helper
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:30:55,050 --> 00:30:59,630
1403
+ T cells are deficient ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุบูŠุงุจ ููŠ ุงู„ T
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:30:59,630 --> 00:31:04,030
1407
+ lymphocyte help ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด Antibody production
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:31:04,030 --> 00:31:08,070
1411
+ ุฃูˆ B cell functioning ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ุดูŠุก this disease
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:31:08,070 --> 00:31:10,310
1415
+ may persist for a few months ูˆ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:31:12,600 --> 00:31:17,900
1419
+ ุจุงู„ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุณู†ุชูŠู† it's not x-linked and should
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:31:17,900 --> 00:31:24,240
1423
+ be distinguished from x-linked disease ุฎู„ุงู„ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:31:24,240 --> 00:31:29,460
1427
+ ุงู„ normal number of B cells immunization should
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:31:29,460 --> 00:31:33,800
1431
+ not be given during this period common variable
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:31:33,800 --> 00:31:38,120
1435
+ immunodeficiency ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุณู… it's characterized by
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:31:38,120 --> 00:31:39,280
1439
+ ุบูŠุงุจ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:31:43,570 --> 00:31:51,510
1443
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงูˆ reduction ููŠ ุงู„ serum IgG ูˆ IgA ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:31:51,510 --> 00:31:57,890
1447
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ IgM normal ุงูˆ low ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ normal ุงูˆ low
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:31:57,890 --> 00:32:03,950
1451
+ ุจุฑูุฑ ุงู„ B cell number ุงู„ B cell fails to mature
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:32:03,950 --> 00:32:09,650
1455
+ into plasma cellูˆุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ have recurrent respiratory
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:32:09,650 --> 00:32:13,550
1459
+ and gastrointestinal infection treatment by
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:32:13,550 --> 00:32:22,850
1463
+ intravenous immunoglobulin selective
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:32:22,850 --> 00:32:29,160
1467
+ immunoglobulin deficiencyุงู„ู€ IgA-Deficiency ุบุงู„ุจุง
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:32:29,160 --> 00:32:31,860
1471
+ ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุจุณ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… recurrent viral or bacterial
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:32:31,860 --> 00:32:35,300
1475
+ infection, celiac disease, defective absorption
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:32:35,300 --> 00:32:39,060
1479
+ and repel ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ celiac or maybe
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:32:39,060 --> 00:32:43,720
1483
+ entirely asymptomaticุŒ treatment ุจุฏู‡ pro-the
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:32:43,720 --> 00:32:47,360
1487
+ spectrum antibioticุŒ IgM-DeficiencyุŒ rare
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:32:47,360 --> 00:32:52,300
1491
+ disorders ูˆุทุจุนุงุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุจูŠุนุงู†ูˆุง ู…ู† recurrent and
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:32:52,300 --> 00:32:54,740
1495
+ severe infection with polysaccharide antigen
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:32:54,740 --> 00:32:59,840
1499
+ -encapsulated organism ุฒูŠ pneumonia ุฃูˆ pneumococci
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:32:59,840 --> 00:33:05,040
1503
+ and hemophilus inflammation ุงู„ disorders of T and
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:33:05,040 --> 00:33:11,780
1507
+ B interaction ุฒูŠ ุงู„hyper IgM syndrome ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:33:11,780 --> 00:33:18,150
1511
+ hyper X-linked hyper IgM syndromePresent with
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:33:18,150 --> 00:33:22,530
1515
+ recurrent respiratory infection ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ ุณู†ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:33:22,530 --> 00:33:27,670
1519
+ ุณู†ุชูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ู…ูŠุชูŠุดู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ CD40-ligand ุฌูŠู†
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:33:27,670 --> 00:33:32,010
1523
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅูƒุณูŠ ูƒุฑูˆู…ุฒูˆู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠู‚ุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:33:32,010 --> 00:33:37,890
1527
+ CD40-ligand ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุดูŠุก
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:33:40,910 --> 00:33:45,050
1531
+ ุณูŠุฌู†ุงู„ ุชุฑุงู†ุฒุฏูƒุดู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ูุงู†ูƒุดู† CD40 ู„ุฌู† ุจุฑุช
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:33:45,050 --> 00:33:50,390
1535
+ ุจุฑุช ู…ุน CD40 ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุจูŠ ู„ูŠู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ูˆุทุจุนุง this
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:33:50,390 --> 00:33:57,810
1539
+ interaction rescue the B cell from apoptosis X
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:33:57,810 --> 00:34:00,990
1543
+ -linked lymph proliferative disease Duncan
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:34:00,990 --> 00:34:08,070
1547
+ syndrome ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนุฏู… ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ T cell to
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:34:08,070 --> 00:34:13,700
1551
+ regulate B cell growthู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑ major part of the
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:34:13,700 --> 00:34:19,820
1555
+ underlying disease
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:34:19,820 --> 00:34:24,220
1559
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ this mechanism deficiency ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ููŠ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:34:24,220 --> 00:34:29,730
1563
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ lymphoma incidence is highูˆุงู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ู€
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:34:29,730 --> 00:34:35,090
1567
+ phagocytic function ูู‚ุท
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:34:35,090 --> 00:34:40,930
1571
+ ู„ู„ุชุฐูƒูŠุฑ ุงู„ูุงุฌูˆุณูŠุชูƒ ูุงู†ูƒุดู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:34:40,930 --> 00:34:48,910
1575
+ ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ูุงุฌูˆุณูŠุชุณ ูู‚ุท ู„ู„ุชุฐูƒูŠุฑ ุงู„ูุงุฌูˆุณูŠุชุณ ุฎุทูˆุงุช
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:34:48,910 --> 00:34:54,620
1579
+ ุงู„ูุงุฌูˆุณูŠุชุณ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุฏู‡ูŠุฌูŠู†ุซู… ุงู„ diabetes ุซู… ุงู„
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:34:54,620 --> 00:35:00,340
1583
+ chemotaxis ุซู… ุงู„ูุงุฌูˆ ุณุงูŠุชูˆุณูŠุซ ุซู… ุงู„ killing ูˆ
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:35:00,340 --> 00:35:07,080
1587
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุบูŠุงุจ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ู„ู‡ุง
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:35:07,080 --> 00:35:11,280
1591
+ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ is combined or is associated with certain
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:35:11,280 --> 00:35:18,460
1595
+ disease ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ู…ุถุฑูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ูƒู„
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:35:18,460 --> 00:35:22,550
1599
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุชู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆุงู‚ูุฉูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุญุฏุซ
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:35:22,550 --> 00:35:27,990
1603
+ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุงุฏ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:35:27,990 --> 00:35:29,070
1607
+ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:35:29,070 --> 00:35:32,470
1611
+ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู†
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:35:32,470 --> 00:35:33,030
1615
+ ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู†
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:35:33,030 --> 00:35:37,450
1619
+ ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู†
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:35:37,450 --> 00:35:43,450
1623
+ ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู†
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:35:44,920 --> 00:35:49,480
1627
+ LAD ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ group of disorders ุจูŠุชู…ูŠุฒ ู…ู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:35:49,480 --> 00:35:52,560
1631
+ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ interaction ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ leukocyte ู…ุน
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:35:52,560 --> 00:36:00,660
1635
+ ุงู„ vascular endothelial cells ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:36:00,660 --> 00:36:04,700
1639
+ ุทุจุนุง ุฌุงู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู„ู„ LAD disease ูˆ
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:36:04,700 --> 00:36:09,240
1643
+ ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู„ุชู„ุช ู…ุฑุงุญู„ LAD 1, LAD 2, LAD 3 ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:36:09,240 --> 00:36:13,400
1647
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠ LAD 1 ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ diabetes
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:36:15,830 --> 00:36:20,730
1651
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ adhesion ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ุฏ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:36:20,730 --> 00:36:23,330
1655
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ activation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:36:23,330 --> 00:36:27,450
1659
+ ุงู„ูุงุฌูˆ ุณูŠุชูˆุณุณ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุฎู„ู„ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:36:27,450 --> 00:36:33,290
1663
+ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ adhesion ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:36:33,290 --> 00:36:38,130
1667
+ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:36:38,130 --> 00:36:41,270
1671
+ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุฃุฎุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ activationุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุญุตู„
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:36:41,270 --> 00:36:51,110
1675
+ ููŠู‡ ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ Chediac Higashi Syndrom ูˆCDD ู‡ุงูŠ
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:36:51,110 --> 00:36:53,510
1679
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุญุถุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ autosomal recessive
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:36:53,510 --> 00:36:58,870
1683
+ disease ู…ู‡ุงุจูŠู†ุฌ ุชูˆ ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู…ุงู†ูˆู… 22 ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:36:58,870 --> 00:37:03,690
1687
+ effect ุงู† ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† subunits of integrin molecule ูˆู‡ุฐุง
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:37:03,690 --> 00:37:09,210
1691
+ ุจูŠู‚ุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู†ู‡ adhesion to feel adhesion
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:37:09,210 --> 00:37:12,740
1695
+ and migrationof all white blood cells in the army
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:37:14,860 --> 00:37:18,980
1699
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุญ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ูŠุญุตู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… current soft tissue
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:37:18,980 --> 00:37:22,760
1703
+ bacterial infection ูˆูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช blood cell count
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:37:22,760 --> 00:37:27,540
1707
+ ู„ูƒู† ุจุฏูˆู† bus formation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠ activity ูˆู…ุงููŠุด
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:37:27,540 --> 00:37:31,060
1711
+ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุฎู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุฑุง ุงู„ adhesion ุงูˆ ุงู„ effecting
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:37:31,060 --> 00:37:35,140
1715
+ wound healing lymphocyte function is also affected
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:37:35,140 --> 00:37:39,500
1719
+ due to the lack of lymphocyte functioning antigen
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:37:39,500 --> 00:37:44,860
1723
+ one expressionุงู„ู€ Add to ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ defect in
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:37:44,860 --> 00:37:50,180
1727
+ selecting ุงู„ู€ legend ูˆุงู„ู€ underlying defect ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:37:50,180 --> 00:37:54,400
1731
+ ู‡ูˆ Add to ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:37:54,400 --> 00:37:58,700
1735
+ ููŠู‡ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ููŠู„ู… ููŠูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู…ุชุน Polism ูˆุฏู‡ ุจูŠู‚ุฏ
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:37:58,700 --> 00:38:03,140
1739
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุบูŠุงุจ ููŠูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู„ูŠุช ุงู„ legend for selecting to be
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:38:03,140 --> 00:38:08,560
1743
+ bind ูˆุฏู‡ ู…ุซู„ ุฃูˆ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุญู„ูˆุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ุงุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:38:08,560 --> 00:38:18,290
1747
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุดูŠุกู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงุชูŠุฌูŠู†ู…ุงุดูŠ ู„ุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:38:18,290 --> 00:38:24,270
1751
+ rolling Selected ุชูƒูˆู† ุบูŠุฑ ุฑู‚ู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:38:24,270 --> 00:38:31,110
1755
+ activation is defected ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ููŠ ู„ุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุณ
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:38:31,110 --> 00:38:36,070
1759
+ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ูˆ ุงู„ transmigration ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:38:45,690 --> 00:38:52,590
1763
+ ุงู†ุชุฌุฑุงู†ูŠุงู„ ุงูˆ ุฃูˆุฑูŠุฌุงู†ูŠู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:38:52,590 --> 00:38:57,750
1767
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู‚ู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ interest of the organism ูˆ this
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:38:57,750 --> 00:39:00,470
1771
+ results in
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:39:02,700 --> 00:39:11,060
1775
+ ูุงุฌูˆุฒูˆู… ูุฑู…ุดูŠ ุฃูˆ ูุงุฌูˆุฒูˆู… ูุฑู…ุดูŠ ุงูˆ
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:39:11,060 --> 00:39:11,740
1779
+ ูุงุฌูˆุฒูˆู… ูุฑู…ุดูŠ ุงูˆ ูุงุฌูˆุฒูˆู… ูุฑู…ุดูŠ ุงูˆ ูุงุฌูˆุฒูˆู… ูุฑู…ุดูŠ ุงูˆ
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:39:11,740 --> 00:39:17,280
1783
+ ูุงุฌูˆุฒูˆู… ูุฑู…ุดูŠ ุงูˆ ูุงุฌูˆุฒูˆู… ูุฑู…ุดูŠ ุงูˆ ูุงุฌูˆุฒูˆู… ูุฑู…ุดูŠ ุงูˆ
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:39:17,280 --> 00:39:22,200
1787
+ ูุงุฌูˆุฒูˆู… ูุฑู…ุดูŠ ุงูˆ ูุงุฌูˆุฒูˆู…
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:39:23,380 --> 00:39:26,020
1791
+ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:39:26,020 --> 00:39:27,180
1795
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:39:27,180 --> 00:39:30,020
1799
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:39:30,020 --> 00:39:31,620
1803
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:39:31,620 --> 00:39:33,240
1807
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:39:33,240 --> 00:39:38,680
1811
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:39:38,680 --> 00:39:40,940
1815
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:39:40,940 --> 00:39:46,160
1819
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:39:48,980 --> 00:39:53,040
1823
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ phagocytosis ู„ูƒู† ู…ุงููŠู‡
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:39:53,040 --> 00:39:57,600
1827
+ killing ูˆุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ intracellular survival
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:39:57,600 --> 00:40:03,060
1831
+ ูุงู„organism ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ู„granuloma formation ู…ูŠูˆุชูŠุดู†
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:40:03,060 --> 00:40:06,380
1835
+ ูˆุฌุฏูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ enzymes which catalyzes the
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:40:06,380 --> 00:40:10,800
1839
+ respiratory burst ูˆุจูŠุญุตู„
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:40:10,800 --> 00:40:17,120
1843
+ ููŠู‡ ู‚ู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„intracellular killing ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุงูˆ ุบูŠุงุจ
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:40:19,320 --> 00:40:22,700
1847
+ ูˆุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุดู‡ุฑ ุฃูˆ ุฃูˆู„ ุณู†ุชูŠู† ู…ู†
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:40:22,700 --> 00:40:31,400
1851
+ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ recurrent infection ุญุชู‰ ุฃุถุนู ุงู„
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:40:31,400 --> 00:40:35,660
1855
+ microbes ู…ุฑุฉ
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:40:35,660 --> 00:40:40,720
1859
+ ุฃุฎุฑ interferon ุฌุงู…ุน receptor deficiency ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:40:40,720 --> 00:40:43,900
1863
+ mutation ููŠ ุงู„ interferon ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุนุงุฆู„ุงุช ุงู„
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:40:43,900 --> 00:40:48,030
1867
+ receptorุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ inability of a monocyte to
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:40:48,030 --> 00:40:53,450
1871
+ respond to Gamma Interferon ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:40:53,450 --> 00:40:56,430
1875
+ ููŠ ุงู„secretion of the tumor necrosis factor Alpha
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:40:56,430 --> 00:41:01,850
1879
+ ุงู„ patient are susceptible to weakly pathogenic
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:41:01,850 --> 00:41:03,290
1883
+ mycobacteria
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:41:06,330 --> 00:41:10,090
1887
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Natural Killer Cell Deficiency ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุนุฑูู‡
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:41:10,090 --> 00:41:15,130
1891
+ ุจูŠุงุจ ุงู„ู€ Anky cell ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Impaired
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:41:15,130 --> 00:41:19,090
1895
+ Allograft Rejection ู…ููŠุด ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู€ Impairment
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:41:19,090 --> 00:41:24,930
1899
+ Rejection And is linked to higher susceptibility
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:41:24,930 --> 00:41:29,170
1903
+ to viral disease ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ metastasis from tumor
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:41:31,140 --> 00:41:36,500
1907
+ ุงู„ู€ Ankyl cells seen in Skid some T and phagocytic
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:41:36,500 --> 00:41:40,540
1911
+ cell disorder and in X-linked lymphoprotective
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:41:40,540 --> 00:41:47,360
1915
+ syndrome ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุงู‚
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:41:47,360 --> 00:41:56,880
1919
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ complement ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ ..ุงู„ู€
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:41:56,880 --> 00:42:00,180
1923
+ complement component ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง for
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:42:00,180 --> 00:42:07,300
1927
+ obsolete ุฒูŠ C3P ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง deficiency of complement is
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:42:07,300 --> 00:42:14,700
1931
+ associated with SLE disease ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ complement
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:42:14,700 --> 00:42:22,740
1935
+ ูŠุฃุณูƒูŠ ุจู…ูŠูƒุงู†ุฒู… classical ูˆ alternative ุทุจุนู‹ุง
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:42:22,740 --> 00:42:32,270
1939
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† alternative ุงูˆ
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:42:32,270 --> 00:42:38,110
1943
+ lectin pathway ุงูˆ even classical ุบูŠุงุจู‡ุง ุจูŠุฏูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:42:38,110 --> 00:42:42,330
1947
+ diseases ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ infections with
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:42:42,330 --> 00:42:46,630
1951
+ encapsulated microorganismุจู‚ุฏู… ุดูˆูŠุฉ robotoid
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:42:46,630 --> 00:42:51,190
1955
+ disease ูˆุงุณุฆู„ ุงูŠู‡ ุชุญุช ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงูƒ ุงูˆ ุงู„
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:42:51,190 --> 00:42:56,830
1959
+ memory attack complex ุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงูˆ
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:42:56,830 --> 00:43:03,260
1963
+ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ููƒุดุฉุฃูŠ ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจู€ Deficiency of C1,4,2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:43:03,260 --> 00:43:07,160
1967
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Classical Pathway ุฃูˆ C3
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:43:07,160 --> 00:43:11,100
1971
+ Deficiency ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Infection
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:43:11,100 --> 00:43:14,180
1975
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Encapsulated Microorganism ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:43:14,180 --> 00:43:18,080
1979
+ ุดูˆูู†ุงู‡ ุทูˆูŠ ุฒูŠ Streptococcus pneumonia ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Biogen
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:43:18,080 --> 00:43:24,720
1983
+ ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ูู„ูˆู†ุฒุง ูˆ ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ุฑูˆู…ุงู†ุณูŠุฉ ุจุณุจุจ ุชู†ุธูŠู ุบูŠุฑ ุตุญูŠุญ
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:43:24,720 --> 00:43:25,480
1987
+ ู„ู„ู…ุนุงู…ู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงู…ูŠูˆู†ูŠุฉ
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:43:29,040 --> 00:43:33,640
1991
+ ุงู„ู€ Deficiency of the man knows by the lectin
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:43:33,640 --> 00:43:38,100
1995
+ ุจูŠุฃุฏู‰ ุงู„ู‰ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ surface of microbe
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:43:38,100 --> 00:43:45,040
1999
+ with or without antibody and activate the
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:43:45,040 --> 00:43:50,240
2003
+ classical pathwayุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุบูŠุงุจู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ risk of
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:43:50,240 --> 00:43:56,380
2007
+ infection and SLE-like symptoms ุบูŠุงุจ C3 associated
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:43:56,380 --> 00:44:04,700
2011
+ with symptoms ุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ุงู„ complications ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุบูŠุงุจ
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:44:04,700 --> 00:44:08,480
2015
+ ุงู„ lead complement component ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ MAC
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:44:08,480 --> 00:44:14,160
2019
+ ุฒูŠ C56789 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุงู„ MAC ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ membrane
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:44:14,160 --> 00:44:21,270
2023
+ attack complexIt's directly related to the primary
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:44:21,270 --> 00:44:27,010
2027
+ defect against gram-negative bacteria ุฎุตูˆุตุง
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:44:27,010 --> 00:44:30,450
2031
+ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุงDefective
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:44:30,450 --> 00:44:34,010
2035
+ control of the complement component ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:44:34,010 --> 00:44:37,930
2039
+ control ุงุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ deficiency ุฒูŠ ุงู„ hereditary
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:44:37,930 --> 00:44:43,850
2043
+ angioedema ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุบูŠุงุจ C1 esterase inhibitor
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:44:45,150 --> 00:44:51,370
2047
+ ุจูŠุฏู‰ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ hereditary angioedema ุทุจุนุง
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:44:51,370 --> 00:44:54,590
2051
+ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ vasoactive peptide patient
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:44:54,590 --> 00:44:59,370
2055
+ suffering from localized edema ูˆ it's life
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:44:59,370 --> 00:45:03,850
2059
+ threatening when it occurs in the larynx ุงู‡ ุทุจุนุง
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:45:03,850 --> 00:45:07,230
2063
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงุด edema ููŠ ุงู„ larynx ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ู‰ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:45:07,230 --> 00:45:12,730
2067
+ obstruction ู„ู„ airway pathway treatment
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:45:12,730 --> 00:45:19,410
2071
+ ุบุงู„ุจุงavoid trauma and infusion of C1 esterase
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:45:19,410 --> 00:45:25,350
2075
+ inhibitor.ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุฒูŠู† ุงู„ูุณูุฉ ุฏูŠ ุงู„ enacetol protein
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:45:25,350 --> 00:45:33,270
2079
+ deficiency ู†ุนุฑู ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ as
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:45:33,270 --> 00:45:35,670
2083
+ anchored protein
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:45:37,690 --> 00:45:44,190
2087
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุฒูŠู‡
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:45:44,190 --> 00:45:48,530
2091
+ ุงู„ููˆุณูุงุช ุฏูŠุงู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณูŠุชูˆู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ูƒูˆู„ุงุช is expressed ุนู„ู‰
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:45:48,530 --> 00:45:51,110
2095
+ ุงู„ membrane of RBCs lymphocyte granulocyte
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:45:51,110 --> 00:45:54,590
2099
+ endothelial cell and epithelial cell ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:45:55,790 --> 00:45:58,450
2103
+ ุทุจุนุง DC protein ู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:45:58,450 --> 00:46:02,930
2107
+ ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ complement activity ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุบูŠุงุจู‡ู…
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:46:02,930 --> 00:46:12,770
2111
+ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุบูŠุงุจ ุงู„ destruction of cell ุทุจุนุง
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:46:12,770 --> 00:46:20,730
2115
+ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชุชุฃุซุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ the ุฃูŠุถุง
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:46:22,580 --> 00:46:26,300
2119
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ hemolysis for all these cells ุทุจุนุง ุฃุดู‡ุฑ
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:46:26,300 --> 00:46:29,800
2123
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ PNH ููŠ ุงู„ PNH ุทุจุนุง ุงู„
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:46:29,800 --> 00:46:33,760
2127
+ patient ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุบูŠุงุจ ู„ู„ enzyme required for
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:46:33,760 --> 00:46:39,840
2131
+ production of GBI ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด GBI ุนู†ูƒู…
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:46:39,840 --> 00:46:43,680
2135
+ ุงู„ protein ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:46:43,680 --> 00:46:50,200
2139
+ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ susceptibility to hemolysisููŠ ุงู„ู€ Chronic
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:46:50,200 --> 00:46:53,580
2143
+ course of B.N.H. Intravascular Hemolysis or CARE
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:46:53,580 --> 00:46:59,060
2147
+ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุฏู†ู‰ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู‚ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆุง activation
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:46:59,060 --> 00:47:03,700
2151
+ of complement ูŠุนู†ู‰ ูู‰ degeneration ู„ู„ุชุดูˆ ุฃูˆ damage
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:47:03,700 --> 00:47:08,740
2155
+ ู„ู„ุชุดูˆ ูˆู†ุชูˆู‚ู
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:47:08,740 --> 00:47:12,520
2159
+ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ู†ุณุชูƒู…ู„
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:47:12,520 --> 00:47:14,220
2163
+ ูู‰ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
2164
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYQ8nzyth9nyErvTJtUFKlo/8g1W-HF2ZGc_raw.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
PL9fwy3NUQKwYQ8nzyth9nyErvTJtUFKlo/8g1W-HF2ZGc_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2180 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:01,260 --> 00:00:05,520
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุจุญุถุฑุชู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุนู† ุงู„
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:05,520 --> 00:00:10,060
7
+ immunodeficiency syndrome ูˆ ุงู„ immunodeficiency
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:10,060 --> 00:00:17,340
11
+ syndrome are divided ู…ุฑุฉ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:17,340 --> 00:00:21,500
15
+ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุจุญุถุฑุชู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุนู† ุงู„
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:21,500 --> 00:00:25,780
19
+ immunodeficiency syndrome these are divided into
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:25,780 --> 00:00:30,720
23
+ two major categoriesู‚ุณู…ู‡ู… ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ุฃุณุงุณูŠูŠู† ุฌุงู„ู‡
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:30,720 --> 00:00:33,260
27
+ ููŠู‡ primary immune deficiency ูˆ ููŠู‡ secondary
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:33,260 --> 00:00:38,740
31
+ immune deficiency ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ูƒู„ุชุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุชูŠู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:38,740 --> 00:00:43,460
35
+ ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ู…ุชุจุงูŠู†ุฉ ู‡ุชุทุฑุฎ ู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:43,460 --> 00:00:52,620
39
+ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ categories
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:52,620 --> 00:00:58,050
43
+ of primary immune response ุงูˆ deficiencyุทุจ ุงุญู†ุง
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:58,050 --> 00:01:01,030
47
+ ู‡ู†ุชุทู„ู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู„ู„ primary immune deficiency ุซู…
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:01,030 --> 00:01:04,310
51
+ ู‡ู†ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ secondary immune deficiency ุฌุงู†ูˆ ููŠ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:04,310 --> 00:01:08,130
55
+ ุงู„ primary immune deficiency ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนูˆุงู…ู„
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:08,130 --> 00:01:12,970
59
+ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ู„ immune response ุงูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ T
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:12,970 --> 00:01:17,410
63
+ cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ cell mediated immunity ูˆ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ B
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:17,410 --> 00:01:21,070
67
+ cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ antibody mediated immunity ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:21,070 --> 00:01:28,590
71
+ both B and T cell immunityุซู… Non-specific immunity
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:28,590 --> 00:01:36,490
75
+ ู…ุชู…ุซู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ูุงุฌูˆุณูŠุชูƒ ุณูŠู„ and or ุงู†ูƒูŠ ุณูŠู„ ุซู… ุงู„
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:36,490 --> 00:01:42,490
79
+ complement activation ุฃูŠุถุง ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:42,490 --> 00:01:48,190
83
+ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ุจุชู…ุซู„ ุงู„ category of primary immune
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:48,190 --> 00:01:52,070
87
+ response ู‡ู†ุทู„ู‚ ุงู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุนุงู…ู„ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ูˆ ู†ุงุฎุฏ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:52,070 --> 00:01:57,100
91
+ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ูƒุชุด ุจุชุดูƒ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ immunodeficiency
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:57,100 --> 00:02:05,380
95
+ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ ุนุดุฑ ู…ุญุงุฐูŠุฑ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู…ุธุงู‡ุฑ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ for
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:05,380 --> 00:02:10,740
99
+ immunodeficiency disease ู†ู…ุฑุง ูˆุงุญุฏ six or more
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:10,740 --> 00:02:14,320
103
+ infections per year ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุณุช ู…ุฑุงุช ุชุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:14,320 --> 00:02:17,820
107
+ infection ููŠ ุงู„ุณู…ุงุก ู†ู…ุฑุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† two or more severe
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:17,820 --> 00:02:22,360
111
+ sinusitis per yearู†ู…ุฑุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ antibiotic treatment
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:22,360 --> 00:02:27,780
115
+ lasting for two months or even longer ุจุฏูˆู† ุฃูŠุงู…
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:27,780 --> 00:02:33,900
119
+ visible effect ู†ู…ุฑุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ two or more pneumonia
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:33,900 --> 00:02:39,800
123
+ per year ู†ู…ุฑุง ุฎู…ุณุฉ retardation of growth and
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:39,800 --> 00:02:44,920
127
+ development of child ู†ู…ุฑุง ุณุชุฉ recurrent deep skin
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:44,920 --> 00:02:50,610
131
+ or organ abscessesู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ู…ูŠูƒูˆุณูŠุณ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุนู…ู„
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:50,610 --> 00:02:52,630
135
+ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:52,630 --> 00:02:56,110
139
+ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:56,110 --> 00:02:57,110
143
+ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:57,110 --> 00:02:57,130
147
+ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:57,130 --> 00:02:57,530
151
+ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:57,530 --> 00:02:57,530
155
+ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:57,530 --> 00:02:57,610
159
+ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:02:57,610 --> 00:03:01,590
163
+ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:01,590 --> 00:03:10,320
167
+ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู†ู…ุฑุง ุชุณุนุฉ ุชูˆุฑ more severe
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:10,320 --> 00:03:14,740
171
+ infection ุฒูŠ encephalitis, osteitis, dermatitis,
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:14,860 --> 00:03:19,440
175
+ myositis and sepsis ู†ู…ุฑุง ุนุดุฑุฉ family history
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:19,440 --> 00:03:27,680
179
+ indicating primary immune deficiency ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:27,680 --> 00:03:32,980
183
+ ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุงุช ุทู„ุน ุงู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุจูŠุจูŠู† ู„ู†ุง
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:32,980 --> 00:03:37,090
187
+ different types of infectionุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ูƒุงู†ุช
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:37,090 --> 00:03:41,670
191
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุนุชุณ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ูˆ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู†ูˆู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุบุงู„ุจุง
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:41,670 --> 00:03:44,470
195
+ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… B cell and antibody
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:44,470 --> 00:03:49,970
199
+ deficiency ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุฌุฏูˆู„ ู…ุตู†ู ุงู†ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:49,970 --> 00:03:56,590
203
+ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุบูŠุงุจ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ูุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ B cell ุงูˆ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:56,590 --> 00:04:01,420
207
+ B lymphocyte deficiencywhich means deficiency in
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:01,420 --> 00:04:05,600
211
+ antibody-mediated immunity ููˆู‚ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ recurrent
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:05,600 --> 00:04:08,260
215
+ bacterial infection ูˆุชุนุชุณู…ูŠุฉ recurrent infection
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:08,260 --> 00:04:11,960
219
+ ูˆู‡ุง ูƒุฐุง T cell deficiency ูŠุนู†ูŠ cell-mediated
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:11,960 --> 00:04:15,920
223
+ immunity deficiency ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ susceptibility to the
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:15,920 --> 00:04:19,460
227
+ viral fungal protozoa ูˆุงู„infection ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:19,460 --> 00:04:24,820
231
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุนูŠุด ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู‡ ุนูŠุด ู„ู‡
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:24,820 --> 00:04:27,080
235
+ ุงู„ associated disease
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:29,920 --> 00:04:32,720
239
+ ุชุฎูŠู„ ุงู†ู†ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ primary
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:32,720 --> 00:04:38,440
243
+ immunodeficiency syndromes ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงุณุชุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ IGA
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:38,440 --> 00:04:42,260
247
+ deficiency ุงู„ frequency of immunodeficiency is
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:42,260 --> 00:04:48,460
251
+ very low ุญุฏุฏูˆู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุนุดุฑ ุชู„ุงู ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ูุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:48,460 --> 00:04:53,520
255
+ ู…ู†ู‡ู… associated with antibody deficiency ุนุดุฑูŠู†
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:53,520 --> 00:04:59,350
259
+ ูุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุงุณูˆุด combined with deficiency ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู†ู‡
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:59,350 --> 00:05:03,850
263
+ ููŠู‡ antibody ูˆ cell-mediated immunity 18% for
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:03,850 --> 00:05:07,590
267
+ phagocystic disorders 10% for cell-mediated
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:07,590 --> 00:05:15,810
271
+ immunity alone ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ P1.1ุจูŠุจูŠู† ุงู† ูƒู„ ู…ุง
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:15,810 --> 00:05:20,830
275
+ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ defect earlier ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ genetic defect
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:20,830 --> 00:05:24,830
279
+ ุงูˆ ุงู„ block ุญุฏุซ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:24,830 --> 00:05:30,330
283
+ ููŠ ุฏุฑุงุนูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนู‰ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† earlier
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:30,330 --> 00:05:38,850
287
+ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ effect more severe and diseaseable
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:38,850 --> 00:05:45,160
291
+ ุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ูุฌุฑุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง figure ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูŠุจูŠู†
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:45,160 --> 00:05:51,460
295
+ ุงู† ุงู„ hemopoietic maturation steps for both T and
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:51,460 --> 00:05:58,400
299
+ B lymphocytes ู I ุจูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุจุฏุงูŠุชู‡ุง
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:58,400 --> 00:06:04,050
303
+ lymphoid stem cellุซู… pre-cell ุซู… immature cell ุซู…
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:04,050 --> 00:06:07,970
307
+ ุงู„ mature ุจูŠู‡ lymphocytes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุจุนุง ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจุชุฏูŠู†ุง
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:07,970 --> 00:06:12,430
311
+ different types of antibody once ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:12,430 --> 00:06:18,090
315
+ maturation occur to plasma cell ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู†
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:18,090 --> 00:06:23,570
319
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ defect ูˆูƒู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:23,570 --> 00:06:27,950
323
+ associated with certain diseaseูˆ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:27,950 --> 00:06:36,070
327
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุจุฏุฑูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุด ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:36,070 --> 00:06:41,710
331
+ ุชู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุชุนุทู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ disease
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:41,710 --> 00:06:45,290
335
+ more severe ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ thymus ุงูˆ ุงู„
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:45,290 --> 00:06:49,750
339
+ telephocytes ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ thymus
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:52,580 --> 00:06:59,000
343
+ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ูƒู€ mature CD4 ุฃูˆ CD8 T lymphocytes
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:59,000 --> 00:07:05,280
347
+ ูˆุทุจุนุง ุชุดุชุบู„ ูƒimmune
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:05,280 --> 00:07:10,600
351
+ cell ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูุดูˆููˆุง
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:10,600 --> 00:07:15,600
355
+ ู‚ุณู…ูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆูƒู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:15,600 --> 00:07:19,120
359
+ associated ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒู… or combined with a certain
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:19,120 --> 00:07:24,000
363
+ disease ูุฑู‚ 1 ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู‡ูŠูŠุนู†ูŠ ูู‰ ุจุฏุฑูŠ ุฎุงู„ุต
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:27,120
367
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูู‰ severe compound immunodeficiency
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:27,120 --> 00:07:32,200
371
+ syndrome ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุฏุฑูŠ ุงุฏูˆุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูู‰
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:32,200 --> 00:07:36,000
375
+ congenital thymic aplasia ูˆุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฏูŠ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:36,000 --> 00:07:40,020
379
+ ุฌุงุฑุณ ุณู†ุฏุฑูˆู… ูŠุนู†ู‰ ู…ุงููŠุด ุชู‰ lymphocytes ุจุชุชุตู†ุน ุงุชูˆู„
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:40,020 --> 00:07:47,480
383
+ ุฑู‚ู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฏูˆุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูู‰ skid ุงูŠุถุง ุฑู‚ู… ุงุฑุจุน ูู‰ ุงู„ B
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:47,480 --> 00:07:51,610
387
+ cell ุงุฏูˆุฉู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ X-Linked E Gamma Global
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:51,610 --> 00:07:58,530
391
+ Anemia ู…ุงููŠ ูˆู„ุง Antibody ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุฑู‚ู… ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:58,530 --> 00:08:03,570
395
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฑู‚ู… ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ common variable immune
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:03,570 --> 00:08:09,670
399
+ deficiency disease ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒู„
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:09,670 --> 00:08:16,440
403
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ associated with certain diseaseู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจู€
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:16,440 --> 00:08:22,600
407
+ Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Diseases ูˆู‡ูŠ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:22,600 --> 00:08:26,640
411
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู‡ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ุณ ุฌุฑูˆุจ of disease associated or
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:26,640 --> 00:08:29,700
415
+ in which cell-mediated immunity and antibody ู„ุฃู†ู‡
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:29,700 --> 00:08:35,060
419
+ combined production are defected ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ู…ุนุทู„ูŠู†
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:35,060 --> 00:08:38,960
423
+ both humoral and cell-mediated immunity are
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:38,960 --> 00:08:44,940
427
+ defectedููŠ ุงู„ุฒู…ู† ู‡ุชุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงูˆ Swiss-type Aiga
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:44,940 --> 00:08:49,820
431
+ Microbial Anemia ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ susceptible to
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:49,820 --> 00:08:54,060
435
+ virtually every type of microbial infection, viral
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:54,060 --> 00:08:59,040
439
+ infection, bacterial infection, fungal, protozoal
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:59,040 --> 00:09:04,380
443
+ and so on ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:04,380 --> 00:09:08,380
447
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ู‡ูˆ Infection of Cytomegalovirus,
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:08,980 --> 00:09:16,220
451
+ Pneumocystitiscarny eye and candida ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฏูˆู„
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:16,220 --> 00:09:23,260
455
+ ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง vaccine with attenuated lymph virus
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:23,260 --> 00:09:29,700
459
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ it will lead to death patient have been
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:29,700 --> 00:09:32,260
463
+ classified according to the following figure or
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:32,260 --> 00:09:40,020
467
+ table ุฌุงู„ ูˆุฏูˆุง ู‚ุณู…ู‡ู… ู„ T minus B plus T minus B
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:40,020 --> 00:09:45,920
471
+ minusุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุณู†ุชุทุฑู‚ ู„ูƒู„ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุจุณ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:45,920 --> 00:09:51,980
475
+ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ูู‡ู… ุงู† T minus ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุบูŠุงุจ ู„ T cell ุจูŠ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:51,980 --> 00:09:57,500
479
+ ุจู„ุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ normal ุจูŠ cell ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุบูŠุงุจ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:57,500 --> 00:10:02,280
483
+ ู„ุฃู†ูƒูŠ cell ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ T minus ุจูŠ minus ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุง ุจูŠ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:02,280 --> 00:10:08,780
487
+ ูˆู„ุง T cell ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† plusู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:08,780 --> 00:10:12,080
491
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… T ุณู„ ูˆB ุณู„ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู… ุบูŠุฑ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:12,080 --> 00:10:18,840
495
+ ุดุบุงู„ุงุก ู…ุด ุดุบุงู„ูŠู† T plus B minus it's very rare ูˆ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:18,840 --> 00:10:23,960
499
+ they preferred treatment ุทุจุนุง ู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ู† ู‡ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู†ู‡
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:23,960 --> 00:10:28,460
503
+ ู†ุนู…ู„ bone marrow transplantation from an HLA
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:28,460 --> 00:10:33,660
507
+ matched sibling donor ูˆุฏู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงูˆู„
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:33,660 --> 00:10:38,340
511
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ T minus B plus ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠู…ุงููŠุด D
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:38,340 --> 00:10:42,000
515
+ -cell ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ู…ุงููŠู‡ B-cell ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† X
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:42,000 --> 00:10:49,920
519
+ -linked skid ุจูŠู…ุซู„ 40 ู„ 50% ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:49,920 --> 00:10:54,000
523
+ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ mutation ุฌุงู„ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ X-chromosome
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:54,000 --> 00:10:58,980
527
+ ุงู„ุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ mutation ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ X
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:58,980 --> 00:11:05,180
531
+ -chromosome which could forgamer chain ู…ุงุดูŠ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:06,650 --> 00:11:12,870
535
+ Gamma Chain Cytokine Receptor ูˆุทุจุนุงู‹ this Gamma
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:12,870 --> 00:11:17,230
539
+ Chain ุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Signal
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:17,230 --> 00:11:22,290
543
+ Transduction ู„ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ cytokine ู…ู†ู‡ุง IL2,
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:22,390 --> 00:11:30,110
547
+ IL4, IL7, IL9, IL15ูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุบูŠุจู‡ุง ุจุนู…ู„
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:30,110 --> 00:11:36,930
551
+ ุบูŠุงุจ ู„ ุงู„ function for this cytokine ูˆู‡ุฐุง ููƒุฑุฉ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:36,930 --> 00:11:42,830
555
+ ูˆุงุถุญ ุฌุฏุง ู‡ูŠ receptor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุด legend
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:42,830 --> 00:11:49,870
559
+ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ cytokine ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงู„ legend ุชุนูˆู†ูˆู‡ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:49,870 --> 00:11:55,690
563
+ cytokine ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ูู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู… ู…ู† two chain ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุชูˆ ุจูˆู„ูŠ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:55,690 --> 00:11:58,550
567
+ ู…ุจุชุนุฏุฉ chain ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:58,550 --> 00:12:03,010
571
+ signal transduction ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ gamma chain gamma chain
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:03,010 --> 00:12:05,690
575
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุบูŠุงุจู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด signal transduction
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:05,690 --> 00:12:10,270
579
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด transcription for this gene ู…ุงุดูŠ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:10,270 --> 00:12:16,330
583
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ function ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ cytokine will be
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:16,330 --> 00:12:22,950
587
+ missed ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:22,950 --> 00:12:30,260
591
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ witchesูŠุนู†ูŠ similar to this disease ู‡ูˆ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:30,260 --> 00:12:34,880
595
+ ุบูŠุงุจ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ receptor ู…ุด ูƒุจูˆู„ูŠุจูŠู† ุจุชุนุฏุฏ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:34,880 --> 00:12:39,000
599
+ ุดูŠู†ูˆ ุงู†ู…ุง ูƒ functioning process ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุบูŠุงุจ ุงู„ุฌุงูƒ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:39,000 --> 00:12:44,900
603
+ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุบูŠุงุจ ู„ู„ุฌุงูƒ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑุด ููŠู‡ ุชุบูŠุฑ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:44,900 --> 00:12:47,440
607
+ ููŠ ุงู„ gamma ูˆู…ุชู…ุง ุชุบูŠุฑุช ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ signal
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:47,440 --> 00:12:52,190
611
+ transduction ุบูŠุงุจ ุงู„ุฌุงูƒ ุฃูŠุถุงุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุนู…ู„ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:52,190 --> 00:12:57,950
615
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุบูŠุงุจ ู„ู„ signal transduction ู‡ุฐุง
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:57,950 --> 00:13:04,990
619
+ X-linked ูˆุงู„ Jack deficiency ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงุชุฒูˆู… ุงู„
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:04,990 --> 00:13:12,290
623
+ recessive disease ุงูŠ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:12,290 --> 00:13:15,670
627
+ ุงุชุฒูˆู… ุงู„ recessive ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุบูŠุงุจ ุงู„ Jack ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ูˆ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:15,670 --> 00:13:21,290
631
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Tyrosine Kinase ูˆุทุจุนุง ุบูŠุงุจุจูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:21,290 --> 00:13:24,950
635
+ signal transduction ูˆูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุงู† ุงู„ expression of
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:24,950 --> 00:13:28,530
639
+ Jack ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ hemopoietic cells ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:28,530 --> 00:13:33,790
643
+ ู…ุงูŠุตูŠุฑุด ููŠ maturation ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:33,790 --> 00:13:40,310
647
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ T minus B minus ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:40,310 --> 00:13:46,830
651
+ ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ group ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ adenosine diamine
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:46,830 --> 00:13:52,160
655
+ deficiencyูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู†ุฒุงูŠู† ุจูŠู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:52,160 --> 00:13:59,660
659
+ ุงู„ู€ Purine pathway ูŠู…ุซู„ 20% ู…ู† ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Skid ูˆู‡ูˆ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:59,660 --> 00:14:05,260
663
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† autism recessive disease ูˆุบูŠุงุจู‡ ุจูŠุนู†ูŠ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:05,260 --> 00:14:11,720
667
+ accumulation of toxic wastes ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ build up ููŠ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:11,720 --> 00:14:20,200
671
+ build up ู„ูŠุด ู„ู„ toxic waste ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุทุจุนุง it has
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:20,200 --> 00:14:24,340
675
+ greatest impact of the immune ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนู‰
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:24,340 --> 00:14:29,880
679
+ ุจูŠุฃุฏู‰ ู„ู„ููŠู„ูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ both T and B cell development ุจุนุฏ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:29,880 --> 00:14:32,260
683
+ ุชุงู†ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ purely nucleotide phosphorylase
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:32,260 --> 00:14:33,020
687
+ deficiency
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:35,470 --> 00:14:39,610
691
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ู…ุฎุงุทุฑุฉ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:39,610 --> 00:14:47,910
695
+ ุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฎุงุทุฑุฉ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุฏู…ุฑ ู†ุธุงู…
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:47,910 --> 00:14:52,930
699
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ูˆุจูŠุฃุซุฑ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:52,930 --> 00:14:57,570
703
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ T-cell ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุงู†ููˆูŠุชุดูŠูˆ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:57,570 --> 00:15:03,470
707
+ ู…ุฏูู†ูŠู† ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Recombinase deficiency
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:15:04,630 --> 00:15:09,150
711
+ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ Recombinase Deficiency ู†ุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:15:09,150 --> 00:15:13,610
715
+ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ RAG 1 ูˆ RAG 2 ู‡ู…ุง two
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:15:13,610 --> 00:15:16,750
719
+ important genes ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ูู‰ ุงู„ู€ lymphocytes only
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:16,750 --> 00:15:21,710
723
+ ูˆุจูŠู„ุนุจูˆุง ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูู‰ ุงู„ rearrangement of both
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:21,710 --> 00:15:28,950
727
+ immunoglobulin gene and TCR gene ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุบูŠุงุจู‡ู…
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:29,520 --> 00:15:34,520
731
+ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ gene rearrangement ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:34,520 --> 00:15:38,600
735
+ ุงู„ู€ mutation ุจุชุคุซุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ complete absence ุชุนู…ู„
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:38,600 --> 00:15:43,440
739
+ complete absence ู„ู„ู€ T ูˆ B ุงู„ุงู†ูุณุงูŠุช ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:43,440 --> 00:15:44,540
743
+ ู…ุงููŠุด immunoglobul
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:50,790 --> 00:15:56,210
747
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด match or ู„ุฃ ุชูŠ ูˆู„ุง ุจูŠ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:56,210 --> 00:16:04,670
751
+ function is intact ุชูŠ ุจู„ุณ ุจูŠ ู…ุงุนูŠู† ุงุฐุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:16:06,040 --> 00:16:10,740
755
+ ูˆู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู† ุฃุดุงุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Omen Syndrome ูˆุงู„ู€ Omen
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:16:10,740 --> 00:16:17,280
759
+ Syndrome ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎู„ู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ reduction
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:16:17,280 --> 00:16:21,420
763
+ ููŠ ุงู„ or partial complete or partial reduction of
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:16:21,420 --> 00:16:27,900
767
+ the rag genes ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ rag
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:27,900 --> 00:16:32,760
771
+ activity ุงู„ clinical presentation ุฒูŠ ูˆุฒูŠ ุงู„ graft
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:32,760 --> 00:16:39,350
775
+ versus host diseaseูˆุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุชุฏูุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู…ุงุช
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:39,350 --> 00:16:44,390
779
+ ู„ู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุงู†ูŠูˆู†ูŠูˆ ูˆู‡ู… ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุฌุณุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌูŠ ุชูŠ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:44,390 --> 00:16:51,550
783
+ ุงู†ูู„ุชุฑุงุชูŠุดู† ู…ู† ุฒูŠู†ูˆููŠู„ ูˆุงูƒุชููŠุช ุชูŠ ุณูŠู„ ุชุฏูุนู†ุง ุงู„
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:51,550 --> 00:16:57,290
787
+ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑุชูˆ ุจุงุชูˆูŠ ุณุงูŠุชูˆ ูƒุงูŠู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุงูŠ ุฌูŠ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:57,290 --> 00:17:00,730
791
+ ุงูŠ ุณูŠู†ุฏุฑูˆู… ูˆู…ุงู„ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑุงุดูŠู†
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:17:03,450 --> 00:17:08,590
795
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุตู„ุฉ ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู‰ pre
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:17:08,590 --> 00:17:14,430
799
+ -treatment with immunosuppressive drug ุงู„
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:17:14,430 --> 00:17:21,550
803
+ T plus B plus subgroup ูƒู„ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ู„ูƒู† they
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:17:21,550 --> 00:17:24,870
807
+ are not functioning ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ pair
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:17:24,870 --> 00:17:30,040
811
+ lymphocyte syndromeุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ results from
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:17:30,040 --> 00:17:34,920
815
+ the failure to express HLA molecule ูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:17:34,920 --> 00:17:37,960
819
+ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุงููŠุด HLA molecule ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด antigen
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:37,960 --> 00:17:45,220
823
+ presentation ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ HLA class 2
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:45,220 --> 00:17:48,680
827
+ molecule deficiency ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ class 1 ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:48,680 --> 00:17:54,470
831
+ ู…ุชุฃุซุฑ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ุฃcirculating T and B cell may be
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:54,470 --> 00:18:00,110
835
+ normal ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุบูŠุงุจ ุงู„ HLA class 2 ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ู…ุง
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:18:00,110 --> 00:18:07,180
839
+ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ antigen presentation ู„ CD4 T cellุงู„ู€ ZAP
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:18:07,180 --> 00:18:12,080
843
+ -17 ู…ูŠูˆุชูŠุดู† ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูƒูŠู…ูŠูƒุงู„
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:18:12,080 --> 00:18:19,620
847
+ ู…ูŠุณู†ุฌุฑ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู†ู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุจู…ู†ุฎุฏ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:18:19,620 --> 00:18:21,700
851
+ TCR ู„ู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู†ู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุจู…ู†ุฎุฏ TCR ู„ู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:18:21,700 --> 00:18:24,800
855
+ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู†ู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุจู…ู†ุฎุฏ TCR ู„ู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู†ู‚ู„
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:18:24,800 --> 00:18:27,880
859
+ ู„ู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:18:27,880 --> 00:18:31,840
863
+ ุจู…ู†ุฎุฏ TCR ู„ู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณุดูˆููˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู…ุง ุฃุญู„ุงู‡ุง
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:18:31,840 --> 00:18:37,580
867
+ ู†ุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง antigen presenting cell ู…ุงุดูŠ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:37,580 --> 00:18:43,160
871
+ ุจุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:43,160 --> 00:18:47,400
875
+ telophosize
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:47,400 --> 00:18:56,040
879
+ ุงู„ antigen ู„ telophosize ูˆ ุทุจุนุงุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:56,040 --> 00:19:01,140
883
+ Antigen Presenting Cell Macrophage ุงูˆ B Cell ุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:19:01,140 --> 00:19:05,660
887
+ ุจู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู€ T-Lymphocyte ุดูˆููˆุง ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:19:05,660 --> 00:19:09,340
891
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงู„ ูƒูŠู ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู‚ุจู„ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:19:09,340 --> 00:19:13,220
895
+ MSC Class II ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู…ุฑุถ ูŠุณู…ูˆู†ู‡ Pale Lymphocyte
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:19:13,220 --> 00:19:16,740
899
+ Syndrome ุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ู‚ุงู„ ู…ุชูˆู… ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงุฒ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:19:16,740 --> 00:19:20,860
903
+ FAS ุงูˆ ุงู„ FAS Legend ูˆ ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ FAS Deficiency
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:19:20,860 --> 00:19:27,110
907
+ Syndromeูˆ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ CD40 legend ูˆ CD40
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:19:27,110 --> 00:19:30,590
911
+ legend ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ T cell ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:19:30,590 --> 00:19:37,990
915
+ Hyper IgM Syndrome ุงุซุฑ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:37,990 --> 00:19:43,150
919
+ Multi System Disorders ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ ู„ู„ skid ููŠ skid
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:43,150 --> 00:19:48,190
923
+ like clinical picture associated with certain
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:48,190 --> 00:19:52,000
927
+ disease ุฒูŠ Stuttgart-Aldrich Syndromeูˆุฏุง ุงุณู…ู‡
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:52,000 --> 00:19:56,940
931
+ syndrome ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† x-linked disease ุจูŠุชู…ุซู„ ุจุงู„ู‚ุงุชู„
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:56,940 --> 00:20:00,860
935
+ ู†ู…ุฑุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ bleeding ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ thrombocytopenia
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:20:00,860 --> 00:20:04,340
939
+ ู†ู…ุฑุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ recurrent bacterial infection ููŠ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:20:04,340 --> 00:20:12,200
943
+ allergic reaction ููŠ long term patient ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฌู„ุจ ู„
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:20:12,200 --> 00:20:18,680
947
+ malignant disease ูˆ ุงู„ genetic basisู†ุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:20:18,680 --> 00:20:24,580
951
+ ู…ูŠูˆุชูŠุดู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ X-linked gene ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ุฏู‘ูŠ ุงู„ู‰ a
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:20:24,580 --> 00:20:29,940
955
+ witch code for ูˆูŠุณูƒูˆุช ุฃู„ุฏุฑูŠุฎ ุณู†ุฏุฑูˆู… ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:20:29,940 --> 00:20:35,400
959
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ hemopoietic stem cells both T and
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:20:35,400 --> 00:20:38,220
963
+ B cell are functionally non abnormal
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:40,700 --> 00:20:47,340
967
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู† ูŠุชูุงุนู„ ุจู€ Polysaccharide
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:47,340 --> 00:20:51,640
971
+ Antigen ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ Antibiotic
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:51,640 --> 00:20:57,600
975
+ ูˆAntiviral ูˆ ุจูˆู„ู…ุงุฑูˆ ุชุฑุงู†ุณุจู„ุงู†ุชูŠุดู† ูˆ ุจุฏูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:57,600 --> 00:21:02,260
979
+ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ life expectancy ู„ุง ุชุชุนุฏู‰ ุชู„ุช ุณู†ูˆุงุช
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:21:02,260 --> 00:21:09,180
983
+ ุฃุชุงูƒุณูŠุง ุชู„ุงู†ุฌูƒุชุงุฒูŠุงู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุตูŠุฑ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุฑุถู‰ system
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:21:09,180 --> 00:21:14,320
987
+ genetic disorders ุจูŠุชู…ุซู„ ุจุงู„ู‚ุงุชู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ jerky
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:21:14,320 --> 00:21:19,480
991
+ movement or lack of muscle coordination ูˆู†ู…ุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:21:19,480 --> 00:21:24,170
995
+ abnormal vascular dilatation ุชู„ุนู†ุฌูƒุชุงุฒูŠุฉููŠ ุงู„ู€ eye
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:21:24,170 --> 00:21:28,570
999
+ ูˆ ุงู„ skin ูˆ ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ susceptibility to infection
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:21:28,570 --> 00:21:34,870
1003
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู†ุฏูˆู„ู†ููˆู…ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ defect ููŠ ุงู„ both B ูˆ T cell
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:21:34,870 --> 00:21:40,270
1007
+ ุงู„ gene ุทุจุนุง of ataxia telangiectasia code for a
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:21:40,270 --> 00:21:46,490
1011
+ protein known ATM ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ have a risk for
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:21:46,490 --> 00:21:51,870
1015
+ developing malignancy ุฎุตูˆุตุง ุงู„ lymphoid neoplasm
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:55,810 --> 00:22:01,390
1019
+ ุงู„ู€ category ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ immune deficiency
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:22:01,390 --> 00:22:04,030
1023
+ disorder associated with T cell and cell-mediated
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:22:04,030 --> 00:22:08,510
1027
+ immunity ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู…ุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… T cell
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:22:08,510 --> 00:22:12,790
1031
+ associated deficiency disease ุงู†ู‡ ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู† ุงู„
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:22:12,790 --> 00:22:19,090
1035
+ T cell deficiency ู…ุงู‡ูŠุดูŠ associated with ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:22:19,090 --> 00:22:21,810
1039
+ disease ุฒูŠ ุงู„ viral fungal protozoal infection
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:22:23,590 --> 00:22:26,890
1043
+ ูˆูƒู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ T-Lymphocyte ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุงู„ู€ B
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:22:26,890 --> 00:22:30,730
1047
+ -Lymphocyte ููŠ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู€ antibody which antibody
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:22:30,730 --> 00:22:36,430
1051
+ would form T cell dependent antigen ูˆุบูŠุงุจ or T
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:22:36,430 --> 00:22:40,810
1055
+ cell associated deficiency ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ selective defect
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:40,810 --> 00:22:46,170
1059
+ in antibody production ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ T cell deficient
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:46,170 --> 00:22:51,430
1063
+ patient have difficultto distinguish have
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:51,430 --> 00:22:55,850
1067
+ difficulty to distinguish clinically to be
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:55,850 --> 00:23:00,270
1071
+ distinguished clinically from a skeptic patient ู…ุง
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:23:00,270 --> 00:23:05,450
1075
+ ุฒุงู„ ุงู„ B ูˆ ุงู„ T ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ B ู…ุด ุฑุงุญ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:23:05,450 --> 00:23:09,350
1079
+ ุชุดุชุบู„ Congenital
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:23:09,350 --> 00:23:13,890
1083
+ Thymic Aplasia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฏูŠุฌุงุฑุฏ ุณู†ุฏุฑูˆู… ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:23:13,890 --> 00:23:20,950
1087
+ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ุจูƒุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุจุตูŠุฑ ุงุฐุง ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู†ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:23:20,950 --> 00:23:26,110
1091
+ T cell hemopoietic maturation steps ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฏูŠ ุฌูˆุฑุฌ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:23:26,110 --> 00:23:31,070
1095
+ ุณู†ุฏุฑูˆู… ุจูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ T cell deficiency ูˆ in which
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:23:31,070 --> 00:23:34,770
1099
+ the cell must develop abnormally ู…ุงููŠุด ุงูŠุด ู…ุงููŠุด
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:23:34,770 --> 00:23:38,950
1103
+ development ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุงููŠ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู„ T lymphocyte no T
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:38,950 --> 00:23:46,310
1107
+ cell ูˆ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† defective migration
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:46,310 --> 00:23:51,420
1111
+ of fetal neural crest cellsุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:51,420 --> 00:23:58,280
1115
+ ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ุงู„ูุฑู†ุฌูŠุงู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ู‡ุงุฑุฏ ูˆุงู„ููŠุณ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:58,280 --> 00:24:05,480
1119
+ ูŠุชุทูˆุฑ ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูˆุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ุซุงูŠู…ุณ ูˆุงู„ุจุฑุงุซูŠุฑูˆูŠุฏ ู„ุง ูŠุชู…
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:24:05,480 --> 00:24:08,820
1123
+ ุชุตู…ูŠู… ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุซุงูŠู…ูƒ ุฃุจู„ูŠุฌูŠุง
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:24:08,820 --> 00:24:14,640
1127
+ ูˆhypoparathyroidism ุซุงูŠู…ูƒ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:24:14,640 --> 00:24:18,940
1131
+ ุฃุจู„ูŠุฌูŠุง ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ููŠ ู…ูุงุฌุฃุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:24:19,890 --> 00:24:24,170
1135
+ Dudler's syndrome ู‡ูˆ ู…ุด hereditary disease ูˆุงู†ู…ุง
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:24:24,170 --> 00:24:31,990
1139
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Sporadic deficiency in chromosome 22q11
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:24:31,990 --> 00:24:36,990
1143
+ or deletion ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:24:36,990 --> 00:24:40,350
1147
+ recurrent of or chronic infection with viruses
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:40,350 --> 00:24:47,810
1151
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูู†ุฌุงู‰ ุจุฑูˆุชูˆุฒูˆู‡ูˆ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู‚ูŠุงุจ ู„ู„
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:47,810 --> 00:24:54,090
1155
+ T cellุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูุดู„ุช ุชุฌุฑูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุจุงู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:54,090 --> 00:24:56,730
1159
+ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ู…ูŠุฒูŠู† ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:56,730 --> 00:24:58,610
1163
+ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:58,610 --> 00:25:02,910
1167
+ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:25:03,160 --> 00:25:06,740
1171
+ with normal peripheral T cell number ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:25:06,740 --> 00:25:12,140
1175
+ normal T lymphocyte ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูุดูŠ ูุดูŠ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:25:12,140 --> 00:25:17,960
1179
+ function ุงุฏู‰ functional defect ูู‰ T cell ุงูŠุถุง
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:25:17,960 --> 00:25:22,260
1183
+ opportunistic infection and high incidence of
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:25:22,260 --> 00:25:27,140
1187
+ autoimmune disease ู…ู„ุงุญุธุงุช it's autosomal
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:27,140 --> 00:25:32,200
1191
+ recessive pattern ูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† heterogeneous
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:25:32,200 --> 00:25:38,880
1195
+ groupุฃูŠุถุง ูŠุดู…ู„ ุบูŠุงุจ ู„ู„ ZAP-17 ุชูŠุฑูˆุฒูŠู†ูƒูŠู†ูŠุฒ CD3E
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:25:38,880 --> 00:25:45,860
1199
+ ูˆCD3G ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฅุดุนุงุฑ T-cell
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:45,860 --> 00:25:55,840
1203
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ูุงู†ูƒุดู Autoimmune
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:55,840 --> 00:26:01,920
1207
+ lymphoproliferative disease ุงูˆุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุณู…ู‰ ุจู€
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:26:01,920 --> 00:26:06,300
1211
+ Inherited by Massive Proliferation of Lymphoid
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:26:06,300 --> 00:26:08,980
1215
+ Tissue ูˆุจุฏุฃุช
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:26:08,980 --> 00:26:27,160
1219
+ ูŠุชุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุท
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:26:32,150 --> 00:26:35,050
1223
+ ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ autoimmune lymphoproliferative ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:26:35,050 --> 00:26:43,170
1227
+ ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠู†ุงู…ูŠุฉ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ู…ูŠูˆุชูŠุดู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ FAS ุฌูŠู†
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:26:43,170 --> 00:26:51,870
1231
+ ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ FAS ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† CD95 ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:26:51,870 --> 00:27:00,350
1235
+ Apoptosis signaling ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ูŠูˆุชูŠุช
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:27:00,350 --> 00:27:07,140
1239
+ FAS ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูˆู„ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงูˆ that mutated phase
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:27:07,140 --> 00:27:11,140
1243
+ molecule interfere with the function of normal
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:27:11,140 --> 00:27:15,780
1247
+ molecule ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ mutated ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ุงู„
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:27:15,780 --> 00:27:20,420
1251
+ function of normal molecule these patients have
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:27:20,420 --> 00:27:25,840
1255
+ defect in other component of apoptosis pathway ุฒูŠ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:27:25,840 --> 00:27:29,120
1259
+ ุงู„ phase ligand or case base 10
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:27:31,670 --> 00:27:37,270
1263
+ Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis ุจูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณู…
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:27:37,270 --> 00:27:42,250
1267
+ Candidiasis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ Candida infection of skin and
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:27:42,250 --> 00:27:47,830
1271
+ mucous membrane ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ have normal T cell
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:27:47,830 --> 00:27:52,070
1275
+ mediated immunity to microorganism other than
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:27:52,070 --> 00:27:56,810
1279
+ Candida and normal B cell mediated immunityto all
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:27:56,810 --> 00:28:04,190
1283
+ microorganism ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ Canada ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:28:04,190 --> 00:28:09,210
1287
+ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ T-lymphocyte which can respond to all
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:28:09,210 --> 00:28:12,930
1291
+ ุงู„ micro part ู…ุน ุงู„ Canada ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ B-lymphocyte
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:28:12,930 --> 00:28:17,350
1295
+ is normal they have selective defect in the
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:28:17,350 --> 00:28:20,210
1299
+ functional of T cell
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:28:23,500 --> 00:28:28,520
1303
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ BCL-R immunoglobulin associated
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:28:28,520 --> 00:28:33,400
1307
+ immunodeficiency ูˆุฃุดู‡ุฑ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:28:33,400 --> 00:28:36,980
1311
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฑูˆุชูˆู† ุงูŠ ุฌุงู…ุง ุบู„ูˆุจูŠู„ุงู†ูŠู†ูŠุง ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:28:36,980 --> 00:28:42,340
1315
+ ุนู† X-linked infantile ุงูŠ ุฌุงู…ุง ุบู„ูˆุจูŠู„ุงู†ูŠู†ูŠุง ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:28:42,340 --> 00:28:48,260
1319
+ ู…ู† Infanta ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ present with serious unrepeated
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:28:48,260 --> 00:28:52,390
1323
+ infectionูˆุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ is severe depression or
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:28:52,390 --> 00:28:56,710
1327
+ virtual absence of all immunoglobulin ู†ุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:28:56,710 --> 00:29:00,890
1331
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง protons ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ุจูŠ ุณู„ ู…ุงููŠุด ุงูŠุด ุจูŠ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:29:00,890 --> 00:29:06,650
1335
+ lymphocyte ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด antibody production ุทุจุนุง
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:29:06,650 --> 00:29:11,250
1339
+ ุงู„ major defect ูˆุฌุฏูˆู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนุฏู… ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุงู†ู‡ุง
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:29:11,250 --> 00:29:19,290
1343
+ ุชุฌู„ุจ to be mature as B cell protons ุฌูŠู†
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:29:20,990 --> 00:29:28,470
1347
+ ุชู… ุชุบูŠูŠุฑู‡ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ X ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:29:28,470 --> 00:29:33,710
1351
+ ุงู„ุฌูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุชุฏุนู‰ ุชูŠุฑูˆุฒูŠู† ูƒูŠู†ูŠุฒ ุงู†ุฒุนูŠู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:29:33,710 --> 00:29:39,150
1355
+ ุงู„ู€Cytosol XLA
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:29:39,150 --> 00:29:44,810
1359
+ ุชู… ุชุญูŠุทู‡ ู„ุนู‚ู„ ุนู‚ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุณุท ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุณุท
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:29:44,810 --> 00:29:46,210
1363
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€Cytoplasmic
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:29:49,190 --> 00:29:53,930
1367
+ Patient suffered repeated infection Treatment ุทุจุนุง
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:29:53,930 --> 00:29:57,490
1371
+ Periodic injection of intravenous gamma globulin
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:29:57,490 --> 00:30:04,670
1375
+ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ IgG Transient
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:30:04,670 --> 00:30:10,990
1379
+ Hypo Gamma Globulinemia ุงุณู… Transient ููŠ ุนู…ุฑ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:30:10,990 --> 00:30:16,940
1383
+ ู„ุณุช ุดู‡ูˆุฑุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Passively transferred from
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:30:16,940 --> 00:30:26,980
1387
+ maternal to fetus of IgG antibody ูˆุทุจุนุง
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:30:26,980 --> 00:30:36,140
1391
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ IGG ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุธู‡ุฑ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:30:36,140 --> 00:30:44,810
1395
+ ุงู„๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ infant IGG premature infantู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:30:44,810 --> 00:30:49,570
1399
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ Transient IgG Deficiency if they are not yet
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:30:49,570 --> 00:30:55,050
1403
+ able to synthesize immunoglobulin sometimes helper
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:30:55,050 --> 00:30:59,630
1407
+ T cells are deficient ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุบูŠุงุจ ููŠ ุงู„ T
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:30:59,630 --> 00:31:04,030
1411
+ lymphocyte help ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด Antibody production
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:31:04,030 --> 00:31:08,070
1415
+ ุฃูˆ B cell functioning ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ุดูŠุก this disease
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:31:08,070 --> 00:31:10,310
1419
+ may persist for a few months ูˆ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:31:12,600 --> 00:31:17,900
1423
+ ุจุงู„ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุณู†ุชูŠู† it's not x-linked and should
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:31:17,900 --> 00:31:24,240
1427
+ be distinguished from x-linked disease ุฎู„ุงู„ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:31:24,240 --> 00:31:29,460
1431
+ ุงู„ normal number of B cells immunization should
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:31:29,460 --> 00:31:33,800
1435
+ not be given during this period common variable
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:31:33,800 --> 00:31:38,120
1439
+ immunodeficiency ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุณู… it's characterized by
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:31:38,120 --> 00:31:39,280
1443
+ ุบูŠุงุจ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:31:43,570 --> 00:31:51,510
1447
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงูˆ reduction ููŠ ุงู„ serum IgG ูˆ IgA ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:31:51,510 --> 00:31:57,890
1451
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ IgM normal ุงูˆ low ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ normal ุงูˆ low
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:31:57,890 --> 00:32:03,950
1455
+ ุจุฑูุฑ ุงู„ B cell number ุงู„ B cell fails to mature
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:32:03,950 --> 00:32:09,650
1459
+ into plasma cellูˆุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ have recurrent respiratory
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:32:09,650 --> 00:32:13,550
1463
+ and gastrointestinal infection treatment by
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:32:13,550 --> 00:32:22,850
1467
+ intravenous immunoglobulin selective
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:32:22,850 --> 00:32:29,160
1471
+ immunoglobulin deficiencyุงู„ู€ IgA-Deficiency ุบุงู„ุจุง
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:32:29,160 --> 00:32:31,860
1475
+ ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุจุณ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… recurrent viral or bacterial
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:32:31,860 --> 00:32:35,300
1479
+ infection, celiac disease, defective absorption
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:32:35,300 --> 00:32:39,060
1483
+ and repel ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ celiac or maybe
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:32:39,060 --> 00:32:43,720
1487
+ entirely asymptomaticุŒ treatment ุจุฏู‡ pro-the
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:32:43,720 --> 00:32:47,360
1491
+ spectrum antibioticุŒ IgM-DeficiencyุŒ rare
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:32:47,360 --> 00:32:52,300
1495
+ disorders ูˆุทุจุนุงุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุจูŠุนุงู†ูˆุง ู…ู† recurrent and
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:32:52,300 --> 00:32:54,740
1499
+ severe infection with polysaccharide antigen
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:32:54,740 --> 00:32:59,840
1503
+ -encapsulated organism ุฒูŠ pneumonia ุฃูˆ pneumococci
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:32:59,840 --> 00:33:05,040
1507
+ and hemophilus inflammation ุงู„ disorders of T and
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:33:05,040 --> 00:33:11,780
1511
+ B interaction ุฒูŠ ุงู„hyper IgM syndrome ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:33:11,780 --> 00:33:18,150
1515
+ hyper X-linked hyper IgM syndromePresent with
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:33:18,150 --> 00:33:22,530
1519
+ recurrent respiratory infection ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ ุณู†ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:33:22,530 --> 00:33:27,670
1523
+ ุณู†ุชูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ู…ูŠุชูŠุดู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ CD40-ligand ุฌูŠู†
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:33:27,670 --> 00:33:32,010
1527
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅูƒุณูŠ ูƒุฑูˆู…ุฒูˆู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠู‚ุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:33:32,010 --> 00:33:37,890
1531
+ CD40-ligand ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุดูŠุก
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:33:40,910 --> 00:33:45,050
1535
+ ุณูŠุฌู†ุงู„ ุชุฑุงู†ุฒุฏูƒุดู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ูุงู†ูƒุดู† CD40 ู„ุฌู† ุจุฑุช
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:33:45,050 --> 00:33:50,390
1539
+ ุจุฑุช ู…ุน CD40 ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุจูŠ ู„ูŠู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ูˆุทุจุนุง this
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:33:50,390 --> 00:33:57,810
1543
+ interaction rescue the B cell from apoptosis X
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:33:57,810 --> 00:34:00,990
1547
+ -linked lymph proliferative disease Duncan
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:34:00,990 --> 00:34:08,070
1551
+ syndrome ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนุฏู… ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ T cell to
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:34:08,070 --> 00:34:13,700
1555
+ regulate B cell growthู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑ major part of the
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:34:13,700 --> 00:34:19,820
1559
+ underlying disease
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:34:19,820 --> 00:34:24,220
1563
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ this mechanism deficiency ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ููŠ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:34:24,220 --> 00:34:29,730
1567
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ lymphoma incidence is highูˆุงู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ู€
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:34:29,730 --> 00:34:35,090
1571
+ phagocytic function ูู‚ุท
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:34:35,090 --> 00:34:40,930
1575
+ ู„ู„ุชุฐูƒูŠุฑ ุงู„ูุงุฌูˆุณูŠุชูƒ ูุงู†ูƒุดู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:34:40,930 --> 00:34:48,910
1579
+ ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ูุงุฌูˆุณูŠุชุณ ูู‚ุท ู„ู„ุชุฐูƒูŠุฑ ุงู„ูุงุฌูˆุณูŠุชุณ ุฎุทูˆุงุช
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:34:48,910 --> 00:34:54,620
1583
+ ุงู„ูุงุฌูˆุณูŠุชุณ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุฏู‡ูŠุฌูŠู†ุซู… ุงู„ diabetes ุซู… ุงู„
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:34:54,620 --> 00:35:00,340
1587
+ chemotaxis ุซู… ุงู„ูุงุฌูˆ ุณุงูŠุชูˆุณูŠุซ ุซู… ุงู„ killing ูˆ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:35:00,340 --> 00:35:07,080
1591
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุบูŠุงุจ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ู„ู‡ุง
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:35:07,080 --> 00:35:11,280
1595
+ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ is combined or is associated with certain
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:35:11,280 --> 00:35:18,460
1599
+ disease ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ู…ุถุฑูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ูƒู„
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:35:18,460 --> 00:35:22,550
1603
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุชู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆุงู‚ูุฉูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุญุฏุซ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:35:22,550 --> 00:35:27,990
1607
+ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุงุฏ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:35:27,990 --> 00:35:29,070
1611
+ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:35:29,070 --> 00:35:29,070
1615
+ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:35:29,070 --> 00:35:32,470
1619
+ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู†
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:35:32,470 --> 00:35:33,030
1623
+ ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู†
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:35:33,030 --> 00:35:37,450
1627
+ ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู†
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:35:37,450 --> 00:35:43,450
1631
+ ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู† ู…ุซู„ู†
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:35:44,920 --> 00:35:49,480
1635
+ LAD ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ group of disorders ุจูŠุชู…ูŠุฒ ู…ู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:35:49,480 --> 00:35:52,560
1639
+ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ interaction ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ leukocyte ู…ุน
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:35:52,560 --> 00:36:00,660
1643
+ ุงู„ vascular endothelial cells ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:36:00,660 --> 00:36:04,700
1647
+ ุทุจุนุง ุฌุงู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู„ู„ LAD disease ูˆ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:36:04,700 --> 00:36:09,240
1651
+ ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู„ุชู„ุช ู…ุฑุงุญู„ LAD 1, LAD 2, LAD 3 ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:36:09,240 --> 00:36:13,400
1655
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠ LAD 1 ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ diabetes
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:36:15,830 --> 00:36:20,730
1659
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ adhesion ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ุฏ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:36:20,730 --> 00:36:23,330
1663
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ activation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:36:23,330 --> 00:36:27,450
1667
+ ุงู„ูุงุฌูˆ ุณูŠุชูˆุณุณ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุฎู„ู„ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:36:27,450 --> 00:36:33,290
1671
+ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ adhesion ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:36:33,290 --> 00:36:38,130
1675
+ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:36:38,130 --> 00:36:41,270
1679
+ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุฃุฎุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ activationุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุญุตู„
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:36:41,270 --> 00:36:51,110
1683
+ ููŠู‡ ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ Chediac Higashi Syndrom ูˆCDD ู‡ุงูŠ
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:36:51,110 --> 00:36:53,510
1687
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุญุถุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ autosomal recessive
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:36:53,510 --> 00:36:58,870
1691
+ disease ู…ู‡ุงุจูŠู†ุฌ ุชูˆ ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู…ุงู†ูˆู… 22 ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:36:58,870 --> 00:37:03,690
1695
+ effect ุงู† ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† subunits of integrin molecule ูˆู‡ุฐุง
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:37:03,690 --> 00:37:09,210
1699
+ ุจูŠู‚ุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู†ู‡ adhesion to feel adhesion
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:37:09,210 --> 00:37:12,740
1703
+ and migrationof all white blood cells in the army
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:37:14,860 --> 00:37:18,980
1707
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุญ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ูŠุญุตู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… current soft tissue
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:37:18,980 --> 00:37:22,760
1711
+ bacterial infection ูˆูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช blood cell count
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:37:22,760 --> 00:37:27,540
1715
+ ู„ูƒู† ุจุฏูˆู† bus formation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠ activity ูˆู…ุงููŠุด
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:37:27,540 --> 00:37:31,060
1719
+ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุฎู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุฑุง ุงู„ adhesion ุงูˆ ุงู„ effecting
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:37:31,060 --> 00:37:35,140
1723
+ wound healing lymphocyte function is also affected
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:37:35,140 --> 00:37:39,500
1727
+ due to the lack of lymphocyte functioning antigen
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:37:39,500 --> 00:37:44,860
1731
+ one expressionุงู„ู€ Add to ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ defect in
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:37:44,860 --> 00:37:50,180
1735
+ selecting ุงู„ู€ legend ูˆุงู„ู€ underlying defect ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:37:50,180 --> 00:37:54,400
1739
+ ู‡ูˆ Add to ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:37:54,400 --> 00:37:58,700
1743
+ ููŠู‡ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ููŠู„ู… ููŠูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู…ุชุน Polism ูˆุฏู‡ ุจูŠู‚ุฏ
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:37:58,700 --> 00:38:03,140
1747
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุบูŠุงุจ ููŠูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู„ูŠุช ุงู„ legend for selecting to be
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:38:03,140 --> 00:38:08,560
1751
+ bind ูˆุฏู‡ ู…ุซู„ ุฃูˆ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุญู„ูˆุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ุงุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:38:08,560 --> 00:38:18,290
1755
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุดูŠุกู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงุชูŠุฌูŠู†ู…ุงุดูŠ ู„ุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:38:18,290 --> 00:38:24,270
1759
+ rolling Selected ุชูƒูˆู† ุบูŠุฑ ุฑู‚ู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:38:24,270 --> 00:38:31,110
1763
+ activation is defected ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ููŠ ู„ุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุณ
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:38:31,110 --> 00:38:36,070
1767
+ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ูˆ ุงู„ transmigration ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:38:45,690 --> 00:38:52,590
1771
+ ุงู†ุชุฌุฑุงู†ูŠุงู„ ุงูˆ ุฃูˆุฑูŠุฌุงู†ูŠู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:38:52,590 --> 00:38:57,750
1775
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู‚ู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ interest of the organism ูˆ this
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:38:57,750 --> 00:39:00,470
1779
+ results in
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:39:02,700 --> 00:39:11,060
1783
+ ูุงุฌูˆุฒูˆู… ูุฑู…ุดูŠ ุฃูˆ ูุงุฌูˆุฒูˆู… ูุฑู…ุดูŠ ุงูˆ
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:39:11,060 --> 00:39:11,740
1787
+ ูุงุฌูˆุฒูˆู… ูุฑู…ุดูŠ ุงูˆ ูุงุฌูˆุฒูˆู… ูุฑู…ุดูŠ ุงูˆ ูุงุฌูˆุฒูˆู… ูุฑู…ุดูŠ ุงูˆ
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:39:11,740 --> 00:39:17,280
1791
+ ูุงุฌูˆุฒูˆู… ูุฑู…ุดูŠ ุงูˆ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุงุฌูˆุฒูˆู… ูุฑู…ุดูŠ ุงูˆ ูุงุฌูˆุฒูˆู… ูุฑู…ุดูŠ ุงูˆ
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:39:17,280 --> 00:39:22,200
1795
+ ูุงุฌูˆุฒูˆู… ูุฑู…ุดูŠ ุงูˆ ูุงุฌูˆุฒูˆู…
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:39:23,380 --> 00:39:26,020
1799
+ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:39:26,020 --> 00:39:27,180
1803
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:39:27,180 --> 00:39:30,020
1807
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:39:30,020 --> 00:39:31,620
1811
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:39:31,620 --> 00:39:33,240
1815
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:39:33,240 --> 00:39:38,680
1819
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:39:38,680 --> 00:39:40,940
1823
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:39:40,940 --> 00:39:40,940
1827
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:39:40,940 --> 00:39:40,940
1831
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:39:40,940 --> 00:39:46,160
1835
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:39:48,980 --> 00:39:53,040
1839
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ phagocytosis ู„ูƒู† ู…ุงููŠู‡
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:39:53,040 --> 00:39:57,600
1843
+ killing ูˆุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ intracellular survival
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:39:57,600 --> 00:40:03,060
1847
+ ูุงู„organism ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ู„granuloma formation ู…ูŠูˆุชูŠุดู†
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:40:03,060 --> 00:40:06,380
1851
+ ูˆุฌุฏูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ enzymes which catalyzes the
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:40:06,380 --> 00:40:10,800
1855
+ respiratory burst ูˆุจูŠุญุตู„
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:40:10,800 --> 00:40:17,120
1859
+ ููŠู‡ ู‚ู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„intracellular killing ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุงูˆ ุบูŠุงุจ
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:40:19,320 --> 00:40:22,700
1863
+ ูˆุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุดู‡ุฑ ุฃูˆ ุฃูˆู„ ุณู†ุชูŠู† ู…ู†
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:40:22,700 --> 00:40:31,400
1867
+ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ recurrent infection ุญุชู‰ ุฃุถุนู ุงู„
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:40:31,400 --> 00:40:35,660
1871
+ microbes ู…ุฑุฉ
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:40:35,660 --> 00:40:40,720
1875
+ ุฃุฎุฑ interferon ุฌุงู…ุน receptor deficiency ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:40:40,720 --> 00:40:43,900
1879
+ mutation ููŠ ุงู„ interferon ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุนุงุฆู„ุงุช ุงู„
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:40:43,900 --> 00:40:48,030
1883
+ receptorุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ inability of a monocyte to
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:40:48,030 --> 00:40:53,450
1887
+ respond to Gamma Interferon ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:40:53,450 --> 00:40:56,430
1891
+ ููŠ ุงู„secretion of the tumor necrosis factor Alpha
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:40:56,430 --> 00:41:01,850
1895
+ ุงู„ patient are susceptible to weakly pathogenic
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:41:01,850 --> 00:41:03,290
1899
+ mycobacteria
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:41:06,330 --> 00:41:10,090
1903
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Natural Killer Cell Deficiency ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุนุฑูู‡
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:41:10,090 --> 00:41:15,130
1907
+ ุจูŠุงุจ ุงู„ู€ Anky cell ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Impaired
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:41:15,130 --> 00:41:19,090
1911
+ Allograft Rejection ู…ููŠุด ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู€ Impairment
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:41:19,090 --> 00:41:24,930
1915
+ Rejection And is linked to higher susceptibility
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:41:24,930 --> 00:41:29,170
1919
+ to viral disease ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ metastasis from tumor
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:41:31,140 --> 00:41:36,500
1923
+ ุงู„ู€ Ankyl cells seen in Skid some T and phagocytic
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:41:36,500 --> 00:41:40,540
1927
+ cell disorder and in X-linked lymphoprotective
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:41:40,540 --> 00:41:47,360
1931
+ syndrome ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุงู‚
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:41:47,360 --> 00:41:56,880
1935
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ complement ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ ..ุงู„ู€
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:41:56,880 --> 00:42:00,180
1939
+ complement component ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง for
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:42:00,180 --> 00:42:07,300
1943
+ obsolete ุฒูŠ C3P ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง deficiency of complement is
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:42:07,300 --> 00:42:14,700
1947
+ associated with SLE disease ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ complement
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:42:14,700 --> 00:42:22,740
1951
+ ูŠุฃุณูƒูŠ ุจู…ูŠูƒุงู†ุฒู… classical ูˆ alternative ุทุจุนู‹ุง
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:42:22,740 --> 00:42:32,270
1955
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† alternative ุงูˆ
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:42:32,270 --> 00:42:38,110
1959
+ lectin pathway ุงูˆ even classical ุบูŠุงุจู‡ุง ุจูŠุฏูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:42:38,110 --> 00:42:42,330
1963
+ diseases ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ infections with
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:42:42,330 --> 00:42:46,630
1967
+ encapsulated microorganismุจู‚ุฏู… ุดูˆูŠุฉ robotoid
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:42:46,630 --> 00:42:51,190
1971
+ disease ูˆุงุณุฆู„ ุงูŠู‡ ุชุญุช ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงูƒ ุงูˆ ุงู„
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:42:51,190 --> 00:42:56,830
1975
+ memory attack complex ุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงูˆ
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:42:56,830 --> 00:43:03,260
1979
+ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ููƒุดุฉุฃูŠ ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจู€ Deficiency of C1,4,2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:43:03,260 --> 00:43:07,160
1983
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Classical Pathway ุฃูˆ C3
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:43:07,160 --> 00:43:11,100
1987
+ Deficiency ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Infection
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:43:11,100 --> 00:43:14,180
1991
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Encapsulated Microorganism ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:43:14,180 --> 00:43:18,080
1995
+ ุดูˆูู†ุงู‡ ุทูˆูŠ ุฒูŠ Streptococcus pneumonia ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Biogen
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:43:18,080 --> 00:43:24,720
1999
+ ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ูู„ูˆู†ุฒุง ูˆ ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ุฑูˆู…ุงู†ุณูŠุฉ ุจุณุจุจ ุชู†ุธูŠู ุบูŠุฑ ุตุญูŠุญ
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:43:24,720 --> 00:43:25,480
2003
+ ู„ู„ู…ุนุงู…ู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงู…ูŠูˆู†ูŠุฉ
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:43:29,040 --> 00:43:33,640
2007
+ ุงู„ู€ Deficiency of the man knows by the lectin
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:43:33,640 --> 00:43:38,100
2011
+ ุจูŠุฃุฏู‰ ุงู„ู‰ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ surface of microbe
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:43:38,100 --> 00:43:45,040
2015
+ with or without antibody and activate the
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:43:45,040 --> 00:43:50,240
2019
+ classical pathwayุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุบูŠุงุจู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ risk of
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:43:50,240 --> 00:43:56,380
2023
+ infection and SLE-like symptoms ุบูŠุงุจ C3 associated
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:43:56,380 --> 00:44:04,700
2027
+ with symptoms ุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ุงู„ complications ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุบูŠุงุจ
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:44:04,700 --> 00:44:08,480
2031
+ ุงู„ lead complement component ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ MAC
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:44:08,480 --> 00:44:14,160
2035
+ ุฒูŠ C56789 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุงู„ MAC ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ membrane
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:44:14,160 --> 00:44:21,270
2039
+ attack complexIt's directly related to the primary
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:44:21,270 --> 00:44:27,010
2043
+ defect against gram-negative bacteria ุฎุตูˆุตุง
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:44:27,010 --> 00:44:30,450
2047
+ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุงDefective
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:44:30,450 --> 00:44:34,010
2051
+ control of the complement component ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:44:34,010 --> 00:44:37,930
2055
+ control ุงุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ deficiency ุฒูŠ ุงู„ hereditary
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:44:37,930 --> 00:44:43,850
2059
+ angioedema ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุบูŠุงุจ C1 esterase inhibitor
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:44:45,150 --> 00:44:51,370
2063
+ ุจูŠุฏู‰ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ hereditary angioedema ุทุจุนุง
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:44:51,370 --> 00:44:54,590
2067
+ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ vasoactive peptide patient
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:44:54,590 --> 00:44:59,370
2071
+ suffering from localized edema ูˆ it's life
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:44:59,370 --> 00:45:03,850
2075
+ threatening when it occurs in the larynx ุงู‡ ุทุจุนุง
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:45:03,850 --> 00:45:07,230
2079
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงุด edema ููŠ ุงู„ larynx ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ู‰ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:45:07,230 --> 00:45:12,730
2083
+ obstruction ู„ู„ airway pathway treatment
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:45:12,730 --> 00:45:19,410
2087
+ ุบุงู„ุจุงavoid trauma and infusion of C1 esterase
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:45:19,410 --> 00:45:25,350
2091
+ inhibitor.ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุฒูŠู† ุงู„ูุณูุฉ ุฏูŠ ุงู„ enacetol protein
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:45:25,350 --> 00:45:33,270
2095
+ deficiency ู†ุนุฑู ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ as
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:45:33,270 --> 00:45:35,670
2099
+ anchored protein
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:45:37,690 --> 00:45:44,190
2103
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุฒูŠู‡
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:45:44,190 --> 00:45:48,530
2107
+ ุงู„ููˆุณูุงุช ุฏูŠุงู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณูŠุชูˆู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ูƒูˆู„ุงุช is expressed ุนู„ู‰
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:45:48,530 --> 00:45:51,110
2111
+ ุงู„ membrane of RBCs lymphocyte granulocyte
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:45:51,110 --> 00:45:54,590
2115
+ endothelial cell and epithelial cell ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:45:55,790 --> 00:45:58,450
2119
+ ุทุจุนุง DC protein ู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:45:58,450 --> 00:46:02,930
2123
+ ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ complement activity ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุบูŠุงุจู‡ู…
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:46:02,930 --> 00:46:12,770
2127
+ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุบูŠุงุจ ุงู„ destruction of cell ุทุจุนุง
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:46:12,770 --> 00:46:20,730
2131
+ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชุชุฃุซุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ the ุฃูŠุถุง
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:46:22,580 --> 00:46:26,300
2135
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ hemolysis for all these cells ุทุจุนุง ุฃุดู‡ุฑ
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:46:26,300 --> 00:46:29,800
2139
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ PNH ููŠ ุงู„ PNH ุทุจุนุง ุงู„
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:46:29,800 --> 00:46:33,760
2143
+ patient ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุบูŠุงุจ ู„ู„ enzyme required for
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:46:33,760 --> 00:46:39,840
2147
+ production of GBI ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด GBI ุนู†ูƒู…
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:46:39,840 --> 00:46:43,680
2151
+ ุงู„ protein ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:46:43,680 --> 00:46:50,200
2155
+ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ susceptibility to hemolysisููŠ ุงู„ู€ Chronic
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:46:50,200 --> 00:46:53,580
2159
+ course of B.N.H. Intravascular Hemolysis or CARE
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:46:53,580 --> 00:46:59,060
2163
+ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุฏู†ู‰ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู‚ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆุง activation
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:46:59,060 --> 00:47:03,700
2167
+ of complement ูŠุนู†ู‰ ูู‰ degeneration ู„ู„ุชุดูˆ ุฃูˆ damage
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:47:03,700 --> 00:47:08,740
2171
+ ู„ู„ุชุดูˆ ูˆู†ุชูˆู‚ู
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:47:08,740 --> 00:47:12,520
2175
+ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ู†ุณุชูƒู…ู„
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:47:12,520 --> 00:47:14,220
2179
+ ูู‰ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
2180
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYQ8nzyth9nyErvTJtUFKlo/Ao2FUlFon80_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2852 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:04,280 --> 00:00:08,880
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุณู†ุชูƒู„ู…
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:08,880 --> 00:00:11,320
7
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงุฑุจุน ุนู† ุงู„
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:11,320 --> 00:00:17,020
11
+ antibody structure and function ูˆุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุณุชุฐูƒุฑ ุณูˆูŠุง
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:17,020 --> 00:00:22,900
15
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุจุนุฑู ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ุฎู„ููŠุฉ ุนู†
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:22,900 --> 00:00:29,720
19
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ูˆุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุชูƒูˆู†
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:29,720 --> 00:00:34,420
23
+ ููŠ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ูˆุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู„ูƒู…ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุจุดูƒู„
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:34,420 --> 00:00:40,180
27
+ ุนุงู… ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† antibody ุจูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุงูƒู„ุชูŠู† ููŠ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:40,180 --> 00:00:45,840
31
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุฅู…ุง secreted form ูˆุฅู…ุง membrane bound ุงู„
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:45,840 --> 00:00:52,980
35
+ membrane bound ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:52,980 --> 00:00:57,560
39
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุจูŠู„ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ size ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ูƒ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:57,560 --> 00:01:02,740
43
+ antigen receptor ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชูุฑุฒ ุงู†ู‡ุง
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:02,740 --> 00:01:10,080
47
+ secreted form of antibody ุงู„ membrane bound ุบุงู„ุจุง
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:10,080 --> 00:01:14,760
51
+ associated with ูŠุนู†ูŠ cognate molecule ุงู„ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:14,760 --> 00:01:17,620
55
+ ุฏุงูŠู…ุฑ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูˆู„ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ amino globulin alpha beta
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:17,620 --> 00:01:28,840
59
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุน ุงู„ antibody ูŠุดูƒู„ ุจูŠุณ ุงู„ุฑุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:28,840 --> 00:01:32,480
63
+ amino globulin alpha betaู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Intracellular
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:32,480 --> 00:01:37,000
67
+ Signaling Mechanism associated with B lymphocytes
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:37,000 --> 00:01:41,720
71
+ ุงู„ู€ Antibody ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู‡ Specificity ูˆู‡ูŠ ู„ู‡
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:41,720 --> 00:01:46,920
75
+ biological activity biological activity ุจุชุชู…ุซู„
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:46,920 --> 00:01:52,400
79
+ ุจุงู„ุขุชูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ it can neutralize the toxin immobilize
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:52,400 --> 00:01:56,260
83
+ the microorganism neutralization of viral
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:56,260 --> 00:02:00,860
87
+ infectivity agglutination of microorganism
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:01,870 --> 00:02:05,350
91
+ recipitation of soluble antigens ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:05,350 --> 00:02:10,710
95
+ ุงู„ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู…ุฉ activation of serum complement
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:10,710 --> 00:02:15,890
99
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠู†ุดุท ุงู„ complement to facilitate lysis of
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:15,890 --> 00:02:20,070
103
+ microorganism ุญุตู„ุชู‡ุง lysis of microorganism
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:20,070 --> 00:02:23,630
107
+ ability to cross the placenta ููŠ ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:23,630 --> 00:02:27,970
111
+ crossing ู„ู„ placenta ูˆ from mother to the fetus
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:30,790 --> 00:02:33,730
115
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ููŠ ุงู„ู€ biological activity ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:33,730 --> 00:02:38,410
119
+ antibody ู‡ูŠ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:38,410 --> 00:02:43,590
123
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุงู‡ู… ุงูˆ ุจุชุดูƒู„ู†ุง ุงู„ isotypic class structure
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:43,590 --> 00:02:52,250
127
+ isotypic class structure ูˆ ุงู„ antibody molecule ู…ุง
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:52,250 --> 00:02:56,250
131
+ ุจูŠุชุฑูƒุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ global infraction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:56,250 --> 00:03:04,420
135
+ protein electrophoresis ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠุฅู†ู‡ ุฃุฏูˆู‰ ุงู„
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:04,420 --> 00:03:08,780
139
+ Electrophoresis ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุชู…ุซู„ ุจุงู„ู‚ุงุชู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:08,780 --> 00:03:13,820
143
+ abnormal protein Electrophoresis ู„ myeloma patient
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:13,820 --> 00:03:18,300
147
+ ู„ูƒู† ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนุฑู ุจุณ ุงู„ุฃูˆุถุงุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ album ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ูƒู…ุงู†
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:18,300 --> 00:03:27,300
151
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง pre album spike ุซู… Alpha Globulin ูˆ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:27,300 --> 00:03:33,150
155
+ Alpha 2 GlobulinุจูŠุชุง ุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู„ูŠู† ูˆ ุฌุงู…ุง ุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู„ูŠู† ููŠ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:33,150 --> 00:03:38,350
159
+ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุง ุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู„ูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจูŠุดูƒู„ู†ุง ุงู„ antibody
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:38,350 --> 00:03:41,370
163
+ ุงู„
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:41,370 --> 00:03:47,990
167
+ structure mainly ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุจูŠู…ุฑ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:47,990 --> 00:03:57,130
171
+ ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุชูŠู† ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ pre B cell receptor ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:57,130 --> 00:04:04,490
175
+ precursor ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุจู„ ู…ุง ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ PCR ูˆ ุงู„ PCR ุทุจุนุง
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:04,490 --> 00:04:10,710
179
+ ููŠ ุงู„ Pre-B ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ Hevet
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:10,710 --> 00:04:17,890
183
+ Chain ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ Mu Chain ูˆ ุงู„ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ Hevet
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:17,890 --> 00:04:23,150
187
+ Chain ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุจุฏู„ ูˆ ุชุตูŠุฑ Mu ุงูˆ Delta ุงูˆ Gamma ุงูˆ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:23,150 --> 00:04:29,270
191
+ Alpha ุงูˆ Y ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ PCR ูˆ Structurallyุทุจุนุง ููŠ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:29,270 --> 00:04:33,190
195
+ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุชุทู„ู‚ ุงู„ูŠู‡ ู‚ุฏุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:33,190 --> 00:04:37,810
199
+ immunoreceptor tyrosine based activation motif
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:37,810 --> 00:04:43,610
203
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุชุทู„ู‚ ุงู„ูŠู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:43,610 --> 00:04:51,490
207
+ structure ุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ pre-b ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆูŠู† ู…ู† lighted
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:51,490 --> 00:04:54,610
211
+ chain ูˆ ู…ู† heavy chain connected to each other by
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:54,610 --> 00:04:59,500
215
+ disulfide bondูˆ Lighted Chain ู…ู…ูƒู†ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:59,500 --> 00:05:03,080
219
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู†ู‡ุง ู†ูˆุน Delta ู„ุงู† ุณู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ ุงู†ู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู†
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:03,080 --> 00:05:06,540
223
+ ูƒุนุจุฉ ุงูˆ Delta ูˆLeft Chain ู‡ุฐุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:06,540 --> 00:05:13,200
227
+ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Mu Chain ุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ structure ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ ู‡ุฏู
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:13,200 --> 00:05:16,560
231
+ ุงู„ููŠุฌุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู†ู‡ ู†ูˆุฑุฌูƒูˆุง ุงู„ Immunoglobulin Alpha
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:16,560 --> 00:05:21,140
235
+ Immunoglobulin Beta ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุฌู†ุจู‡ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:21,140 --> 00:05:26,200
239
+ ู…ุบุฑูˆุฒ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู†ู‡ IntracytoplasmicDomain ุฃูˆ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:26,200 --> 00:05:33,640
243
+ Membrane ุฃูˆ Domain ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Intracytoplasmic
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:33,640 --> 00:05:37,640
247
+ portion ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† Cell Signaling ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู…
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:37,640 --> 00:05:41,420
251
+ ุทุจุนุง ูƒู…ุง ุชุดูˆููˆู† ุฏูˆู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง Antigen Binding
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:41,420 --> 00:05:45,420
255
+ ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ Structure ุจุดูŠุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:45,420 --> 00:05:48,840
259
+ Structure
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:48,840 --> 00:05:54,790
263
+ of light and heavy chain ุฏู‡ ู‡ู…ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ structure of
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:54,790 --> 00:05:59,570
267
+ light ุงูˆ ุงู„ heavy chain ู‡ุฐูŠ light chain ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ heavy
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:59,570 --> 00:06:02,770
271
+ chain connected to each other by disulfide bond ู‡ูŠ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:02,770 --> 00:06:06,830
275
+ disulfide bond ุดูˆุงู† ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ light ู…ุน ุงู„ heavy ุงูˆ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:06,830 --> 00:06:10,670
279
+ ุงู„ heavy ู…ุน ุงู„ heavy ููŠ disulfide bond ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูƒูŠู
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:10,670 --> 00:06:17,370
283
+ ุชุนุฑู ุนู† ุงู„ structure ofุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ุชู‚ุงุทุน
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:17,370 --> 00:06:23,590
287
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู… ู„ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠูˆู„ุงูŠุฒูŠุฒ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:25,020 --> 00:06:29,180
291
+ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชู‚ุทูŠุนู‡ ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ two enzymes ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุณู…ู‡
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:29,180 --> 00:06:32,900
295
+ papine ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุณู…ู‡ pepsin ุงู„ papine ุจูŠู‚ุทุน ุงู„
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:32,900 --> 00:06:38,720
299
+ antibody ู„ุชู„ุช ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุชูˆูู‰ ุจ fragment ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ FC ุจูŠู†ู…ุง
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:38,720 --> 00:06:44,320
303
+ ุงู„ pepsin ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุจูŠู‚ุทุน ุงู„ fragment ุงู„
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:44,320 --> 00:06:48,200
307
+ antibody immunoglobul ู„ุชุซู‚ูŠู† ุฌุฒุก ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:48,200 --> 00:06:56,910
311
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†ุชูˆูุจ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆ Fc prime ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงูˆ Fc sub
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:56,910 --> 00:07:03,690
315
+ fragment ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ Fc portion structure
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:03,690 --> 00:07:10,470
319
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู„ุงู† ู‡ู†ุฌุฏ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ูุฉ ูุตูŠู„ุชู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:10,470 --> 00:07:13,370
323
+ heavy chain ุงุฑุจุนุฉ polypeptide ู„ุชูƒูˆู† ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:13,370 --> 00:07:20,450
327
+ polypeptide chain ุชู†ุชูŠู† heavy ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู…ูˆ ุชู†ุชูŠู† light
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:20,450 --> 00:07:25,090
331
+ ู‡ุฏู‰ light ูˆ ู‡ุฏู‰ light they are connected to each
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:25,090 --> 00:07:29,550
335
+ other by whatุŸ by disulfide bond ูู‰ ุงู†ู‡ุง ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู†
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:29,550 --> 00:07:34,390
339
+ ุงู„ disulfide ูู‰ ุงู†ุชุฑุง disulfide bond ูˆ ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:34,390 --> 00:07:40,090
343
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูˆ ูู‰ ุงู†ุชุฑ disulfide bond ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุชุฑุจุท
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:40,090 --> 00:07:45,790
347
+ ุงู„ two of eachูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:47,790 --> 00:07:50,750
351
+ Properties of the chain ุงู„ู€ Light ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:50,750 --> 00:07:57,970
355
+ two domains VL ูˆCL Light ุจุฑู…ุฌูˆู„ู‡ุง ุจู‚ู‰ Light ุงู„
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:57,970 --> 00:08:01,930
359
+ Light ุจุฑู…ุฌูˆู„ู‡ุง ุจู‚ู‰ L ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ู…ู† ุงู„ two domains
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:01,930 --> 00:08:06,590
363
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ variable ูˆุงุญุฏ constant ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ Heavy ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู†
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:06,590 --> 00:08:13,170
367
+ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† domain ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… variable ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ VH
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:13,630 --> 00:08:19,430
371
+ ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ constant ูููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง CH ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ CH ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ CH
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:19,430 --> 00:08:29,270
375
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ heavy chain are
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:29,270 --> 00:08:40,310
379
+ connected ูŠุนู†ูŠ by region ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง hinge region ูˆ ุงู†
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:40,310 --> 00:08:44,080
383
+ ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุชุทู„ู‚ ู„ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู†ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุฑูŠุฏ ุงู† ุชุดุงู‡ุฏูˆุง
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:44,080 --> 00:08:49,080
387
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู† ุงู„ VH ูˆุงู„LH ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุฑูŠู† ุจุงูŠู†ุฏุฑูŠู†ุฌ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:49,080 --> 00:08:55,080
391
+ ุณุงูŠุณ ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ Fc ุจูˆุฑุดูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ biological
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:55,080 --> 00:08:56,060
395
+ activity
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:01,850 --> 00:09:06,650
399
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ ุจูŠุงุจูŠู† ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ู‰ two FAB
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:06,650 --> 00:09:13,250
403
+ FAB ุฒุงุฆุฏ FAB ุฒุงุฆุฏ FC ูˆ ุงู„ FAB fragment ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุงู†ุฏ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:13,250 --> 00:09:19,770
407
+ ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุนุงุฏูŠ ุฌุฏุง ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ู…ุงุจุชุนู…ู„ precipitation ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:19,770 --> 00:09:25,110
411
+ univalent ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ FC portion ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:25,110 --> 00:09:30,070
415
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ biological activity ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุงู„
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:30,070 --> 00:09:35,770
419
+ antibodyุจุงู„ู€ mercaptoethanol ุงู„ู€ mercaptoethanol
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:35,770 --> 00:09:43,010
423
+ ู‡ูŠู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุงุณุงุณ bond ูˆูŠุฏูŠู†ุง four chain ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:43,010 --> 00:09:48,730
427
+ two light ูˆ two heavy ุงู„ antibody ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุน
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:48,730 --> 00:09:52,870
431
+ polyp ุจุชุงุนูŠ two light ูˆ two heavy ูˆ ุทุจุนุง they are
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:52,870 --> 00:09:56,650
435
+ linked to each other by disulfide bond ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู…ุงู†
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:56,650 --> 00:10:00,710
439
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ pepsin digest the M-unoglobulin
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:10:03,940 --> 00:10:10,060
443
+ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ Divalent Fragment ุงุณู…ู‡ุง FAB ุงู„ูƒู„ 2 ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู†
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:10:10,060 --> 00:10:14,660
447
+ ู…ู† Two Fabregion ู…ุฑุชุจุทูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ By Disulfide Bond
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:10:14,660 --> 00:10:20,240
451
+ in addition to the Fc Subfragment ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:10:20,240 --> 00:10:25,440
455
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† Fragment ูˆุทุจุนุง ุจุฑู…ุฌูˆู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ุจุงู„ู€
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:25,440 --> 00:10:30,140
459
+ Fc Prime Other molecule belonging to the
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:30,140 --> 00:10:31,820
463
+ immunoglobulin superfamily
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:35,070 --> 00:10:38,790
467
+ Sharing with the immunoglobulin structure ูˆุงุญู†ุง
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:38,790 --> 00:10:44,390
471
+ ู‡ุชุชุฑู‚ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนุงุฏูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ lighted chain ุบุงู„ุจุง
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:44,390 --> 00:10:49,830
475
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุง ุงู…ุง ูƒุงุจุง ูŠุง ุงู…ุง lambda ูˆุญุณุจ ุงู„ structure
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:49,830 --> 00:10:53,610
479
+ of heavy chain ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ heavy chain ู‡ูŠ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู†
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:53,610 --> 00:10:58,290
483
+ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„isotypes ุงูˆ ุงู„ classes of immunoglobulin
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:59,690 --> 00:11:08,550
487
+ ูˆู†ุฌุฏ ุงู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุชุดูŠู† ุชุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจุงุฎุชู„ุงู
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:11:08,550 --> 00:11:13,510
491
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ูˆุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุงุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงุช ูˆู…ุฑูƒุฒู‡ุง
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:11:13,510 --> 00:11:19,250
495
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ูƒุฑุจูˆู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงุช ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุชุดูŠู† ูˆุชุฎุชู„ู ุฃูŠุถุง
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:11:19,250 --> 00:11:28,810
499
+ ููŠ ุตู…ูŠู…ู‡ุง ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ูˆุงูŠุถุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุชIn
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:11:28,810 --> 00:11:36,590
503
+ biological function on each isotype ู„ุฅู† ุงูŠ one
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:11:36,590 --> 00:11:43,210
507
+ antibody molecule ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู‡ูŠู„ูˆุฌูŠู† which are
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:11:43,210 --> 00:11:48,210
511
+ identical ูุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ immunoglobulin
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:48,210 --> 00:11:55,230
515
+ class ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ structure ุจูŠูƒูˆู† Kappa 2 Gamma 2
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:55,230 --> 00:12:01,510
519
+ ูˆLambda 2 Gamma 2TWO IDENTICAL LIGHTED CHAIN AND
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:12:01,510 --> 00:12:06,290
523
+ TWO IDENTICAL HEAVY CHAIN ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ Immunoglobulin
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:12:06,290 --> 00:12:11,670
527
+ subclasses ุฒูŠ ุงู„ IGG ุงู„ูˆ subclasses
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:12:11,670 --> 00:12:18,330
531
+ ูˆ IGG ุงู„ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุน subclasses ุณู…ูˆู‡ู… immunoglobulin 1
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:12:18,330 --> 00:12:25,430
535
+ IGG 1 ูˆ 2 ูˆ 3 ูˆ 4 ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ immunoglobulin A ุงู„ูˆ two
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:12:25,430 --> 00:12:31,540
539
+ subclasses IGA ูˆ IG2ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู†
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:12:31,540 --> 00:12:38,380
543
+ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุฎุชู„ู ููŠ ุฑู‚ู…ู‡ุง ูˆู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ Inter
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:12:38,380 --> 00:12:43,180
547
+ -Chain Disulfide Bond ูˆุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฅุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู€
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:12:43,180 --> 00:12:49,500
551
+ Structure ุงู„ู€ Light Chain ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ 2 Domain
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:12:49,500 --> 00:12:53,040
555
+ Globular Domain ูˆLeft Chain ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ 4 ุฃูˆ 5
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:12:53,040 --> 00:12:54,260
559
+ Domain
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:13:00,310 --> 00:13:05,190
563
+ ู‡ูŠุจุชุดูŠู† ูŠุชูˆุญูƒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:13:05,190 --> 00:13:05,670
567
+ ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:13:05,670 --> 00:13:06,350
571
+ ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:13:06,350 --> 00:13:06,810
575
+ ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:13:06,810 --> 00:13:07,090
579
+ ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:13:07,090 --> 00:13:08,110
583
+ ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:13:08,110 --> 00:13:08,110
587
+ ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน ู‚ุทุน
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:13:21,380 --> 00:13:24,980
591
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ domain ููŠ ุงู„ู€ heavy ูˆููŠ ุงู„ light is highly
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:13:24,980 --> 00:13:29,820
595
+ variable ููŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุชู‡ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ amino acid sequence
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:13:29,820 --> 00:13:35,940
599
+ ูˆุจูŠุฎุชู„ู from one antibody to the next ูˆุจูŠุฑู…ุฒูˆู„ู‡ู…
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:13:35,940 --> 00:13:43,500
603
+ VL ูŠุนู†ูŠ variable light or VH ูŠุนู†ูŠ variable heavy
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:43,500 --> 00:13:50,120
607
+ the second and subsequent domainููŠ ุงู„ู€ Heavy ูˆููŠ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:50,120 --> 00:13:55,260
611
+ ุงู„ู€ Light Chain ู‡ู…ุง ู…ุณุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุจุฑู…ุฒ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:55,260 --> 00:13:58,920
615
+ CLCH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:58,920 --> 00:14:04,320
619
+ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:14:04,320 --> 00:14:06,500
623
+ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:14:06,500 --> 00:14:06,500
627
+ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:14:06,500 --> 00:14:06,500
631
+ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:14:06,500 --> 00:14:06,500
635
+ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:14:06,500 --> 00:14:06,500
639
+ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:14:06,500 --> 00:14:07,700
643
+ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:14:07,700 --> 00:14:18,670
647
+ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆ CH1 ูˆby hydrophobic interaction as
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:14:18,670 --> 00:14:26,850
651
+ follows ูุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง VH LH ูŠุนู†ูŠ V heavy ู…ุน
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:14:26,850 --> 00:14:33,650
655
+ light heavy ูˆ CH ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุน ุงู„ constant ุชุจุน ุงู„ light
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:33,650 --> 00:14:37,170
659
+ ุซู… ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ constant ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ heavy ุจุชุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน ุจุนุถ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:37,170 --> 00:14:42,390
663
+ constant V2 ู…ุน constant V2 ูˆ constant V3 ู…ุน
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:42,390 --> 00:14:44,290
667
+ constant V3
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:48,990 --> 00:14:52,530
671
+ ุงู„ู€ Hedge region ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู†ุทู‚ุฉ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:52,530 --> 00:14:57,610
675
+ unfolded ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุง region composed of short segments
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:57,610 --> 00:15:04,690
679
+ of amino acids ุบุงู„ุจุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูุตู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† CH1 ูˆ CH2
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:15:04,690 --> 00:15:12,850
683
+ region ูˆู…ู„ูŠุงู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ cysteine and bromine residue ูˆ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:15:12,850 --> 00:15:16,170
687
+ ุงู„ cysteine ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ formation of
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:15:16,170 --> 00:15:22,630
691
+ interchain disulfide bondูˆุงู„ุจุฑูˆู„ูŠู† ุฑูŠุฒูŠุฌูŠูˆ ุจูŠู…ู†ุน
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:15:22,630 --> 00:15:32,530
695
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุชูุงู ุงู„ structure of heavy chain in
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:15:32,530 --> 00:15:39,030
699
+ globular form ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ู…ุท ุงูŠุถุง ู…ู†
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:15:39,030 --> 00:15:46,270
703
+ ุตูุงุชู‡ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ุจุชูƒุณุจ ุงู„ antibody flexibility ูˆุฎุตูˆุตุง
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:15:47,060 --> 00:15:50,740
707
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Fab region ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ freely ุงู„ Fab
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:15:50,740 --> 00:15:55,900
711
+ region in the Y-shape ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุจูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุทูˆูุฉ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:15:55,900 --> 00:16:04,300
715
+ ุงู†ู‡ู… ูŠูุชุญูˆุง ูˆ ูŠุณูƒุฑูˆุง ู„ูŠุชูƒูŠููˆุง ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ู…ุน two
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:16:04,300 --> 00:16:10,500
719
+ Epitopes ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ Antigen ุงู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:16:10,500 --> 00:16:16,210
723
+ two Epitopes ุงูˆ ุงุฌุฑุงุจ ุงู„ุงู„ู€ Fabregion ุจุชูุชุญ ูˆ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:16:16,210 --> 00:16:21,930
727
+ ุจุชุณูƒุฑ ุนุดุงู† ุชู…ุณูƒู„ูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† Variable Region
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:16:21,930 --> 00:16:25,050
731
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:16:25,050 --> 00:16:26,870
735
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ Variable Region ููŠ ุงู„ู€ left and
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:16:26,870 --> 00:16:31,830
739
+ left chain ุฌุงู„ู‡ ุจุชุชูƒุงู…ู† ู…ู† 110 amino acids ูˆ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:16:31,830 --> 00:16:36,690
743
+ ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ three regions ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… Hypervariable
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:16:36,690 --> 00:16:42,070
747
+ Region ูˆ ุงู„ Hypervariable Region ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:16:42,070 --> 00:16:43,030
751
+ antigen binding
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:16:45,950 --> 00:16:50,630
755
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง complementary structure to the
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:16:50,630 --> 00:16:55,210
759
+ antigen epitope ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูƒู…ู„ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู† ุงู„
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:16:55,210 --> 00:16:58,210
763
+ antigen antibody reaction ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑุนู†ุฉ K-unlocked
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:16:58,210 --> 00:17:02,350
767
+ theory ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุถุจุง ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ูุชุงุญ ูููŠู‡
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:17:02,350 --> 00:17:06,530
771
+ complementary structure ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุนุดุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุฑุชุจุท
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:17:06,530 --> 00:17:11,010
775
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ these hypervariable regions are termed
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:17:11,010 --> 00:17:15,710
779
+ complementary determining regionsูˆ ุจุฑู…ุฒูˆู„ู‡ู… CDR1 ูˆ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:17:15,710 --> 00:17:22,710
783
+ CDR2 ูˆ CDR3 ูˆ ุงู„ู€ two-dimensional model of the
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:17:22,710 --> 00:17:28,310
787
+ peptide chain are brought together in the folded
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:17:28,310 --> 00:17:33,310
791
+ form of the intact antibody molecule ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุน
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:17:33,310 --> 00:17:36,590
795
+ ุจุนูŠุฏ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุงู„ binding sites ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:17:36,590 --> 00:17:40,050
799
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง which is complementary ุชู„ุนุจุชู‡ู„ูŠุณ two
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:17:40,050 --> 00:17:42,750
803
+ -dimensional ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ heavy ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:17:42,750 --> 00:17:47,670
807
+ light ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจูƒูˆู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ folded together
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:17:47,670 --> 00:17:53,970
811
+ to form the complementary portion of to the EBITO
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:17:53,970 --> 00:17:57,390
815
+ variability
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:17:57,390 --> 00:18:02,330
819
+ of these CDR provide diversity ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูˆุตู ุจุช ..
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:18:02,330 --> 00:18:08,020
823
+ ุจุช .. ุจุชุฃูƒุฏ ุงู† ุงูˆ ุจุช ..ุจุชุจูŠู† ู„ู†ุง ุฃูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู„ู†ุง
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:18:08,020 --> 00:18:13,320
827
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ between antibody
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:18:13,320 --> 00:18:21,100
831
+ ูˆุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชุฑุชุจุท ุจู…ุฎุชู„ู ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:18:21,100 --> 00:18:25,380
835
+ antigen ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุชุดูƒู„
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:18:25,380 --> 00:18:30,740
839
+ specificity of antibody ู„ูƒู„ู‡ู…
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:18:31,300 --> 00:18:34,860
843
+ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฑูˆุงุจุท ู„ูŠูˆู… ูŠุฑุชุจุท ุงู„ู€ Antigen ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ Antibody
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:18:34,860 --> 00:18:38,920
847
+ ุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุฑูˆุงุจุท ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:18:38,920 --> 00:18:42,360
851
+ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑูˆุงุจุท ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† weak ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู‡ุง non
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:18:42,360 --> 00:18:47,900
855
+ -covalent interaction ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:18:47,900 --> 00:18:51,900
859
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู†
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:18:51,900 --> 00:18:56,090
863
+ ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡ two antibodyู…ุน ุงู„ู€ two different ูŠุนู†ูŠ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:18:56,090 --> 00:18:59,610
867
+ ู„ู‡ู… two different Anti-Amino Acid Sequence ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:59,610 --> 00:19:03,830
871
+ specific to the same Epitope ุทุจ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:19:03,830 --> 00:19:08,070
875
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŸ ุฌุงู„ูˆุง ู…ุฑุชุจุทูˆุง ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ Antigen ู„ูƒู† ุงู„
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:19:08,070 --> 00:19:12,010
879
+ affinity of binding ุชุฎุชู„ู ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ affinity of
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:19:12,010 --> 00:19:21,070
883
+ binding ุชุฎุชู„ู ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ูƒู…ุงู†
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:19:21,070 --> 00:19:26,590
887
+ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ูŠ antibody ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณู‡
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:19:26,590 --> 00:19:29,590
891
+ ุงู„ antibody ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจ antigen ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ antigen
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:19:29,590 --> 00:19:37,290
895
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ู…ู…ูƒู†
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:19:37,290 --> 00:19:46,170
899
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ sharing of anti of ุงุจุชูˆุจ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ affinity
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:19:46,170 --> 00:19:47,610
903
+ of binding is different
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:19:52,180 --> 00:19:56,640
907
+ ุงู„ู€ CDR 1 ูˆ 2 ูˆ 3 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุฎุฐ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† .. ุนู…ู„ูˆู†ุง
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:19:56,640 --> 00:20:04,440
911
+ ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุจุงู„ู€ HPLC ูˆ ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ .. ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุทู„ุนู†ุง ู„ุจุฑุง
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:20:04,440 --> 00:20:09,420
915
+ ุจุงู„ FAB ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู€ FAB region ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุชุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:20:09,420 --> 00:20:13,450
919
+ hyper variabilityูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ variability of the
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:20:13,450 --> 00:20:17,270
923
+ molecule ู CDR3 ุงู„ variability ููŠู‡ุง ุงูƒุชุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:20:17,270 --> 00:20:23,410
927
+ ุจูŠู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู‚ู„ู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู‚ู„ู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนุดุงู† ุงูŠู‡ ูƒู„ ู…ุง
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:20:23,410 --> 00:20:30,790
931
+ ุทู„ุนู†ุง ู„ุจุฑุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ specificity of the
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:20:30,790 --> 00:20:35,390
935
+ molecule cross
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:20:35,390 --> 00:20:37,830
939
+ reacting compound share antigenic determinant
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:20:37,830 --> 00:20:42,820
943
+ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุง ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ cross reaction
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:20:42,820 --> 00:20:48,480
947
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ููŠ sharing ููŠ ุงู„ Epitopes ู…ุงุดูŠ some cross
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:20:48,480 --> 00:20:53,720
951
+ reacting substances are unrelated to each other
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:20:53,720 --> 00:21:01,200
955
+ ุฅู„ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงุดุชุฑุงูƒ ููŠ one or more
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:21:01,200 --> 00:21:06,960
959
+ Epitopes in common ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:21:09,210 --> 00:21:17,290
963
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุง ุชุดุชุฑูƒ ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:21:17,290 --> 00:21:24,290
967
+ heterophilic antigen heterophil
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:21:24,290 --> 00:21:27,610
971
+ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฌุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† two different species ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:21:27,610 --> 00:21:31,250
975
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ human blood group antigen ุจุชุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:21:31,250 --> 00:21:35,070
979
+ antibody ู„ E.coli ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ูŠุตุงุจ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจุงู„ E.coli
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:21:35,510 --> 00:21:42,190
983
+ ุงู†ููƒุดู† ูˆูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ุชุชูุงุนู„
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:21:42,190 --> 00:21:46,570
987
+ ู…ุน blood group ุจูŠู‡ ุงู†ุชุฌู† ู…ุงุดูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:21:46,570 --> 00:21:52,810
991
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† of both E.coli and ุจูŠู‡ blood group ุงู†ุชุฌู†
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:21:52,810 --> 00:21:58,370
995
+ are ููŠู‡ similarity ู…ุงุดูŠ ููŠู‡ sharing ู„ู„AB2
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:22:00,170 --> 00:22:01,970
999
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู„ู… ูˆ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู…
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:22:01,970 --> 00:22:02,150
1003
+ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุณู„ู… ูˆ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:22:02,150 --> 00:22:03,950
1007
+ ุณู„ู… ูˆ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุณู„ู… ูˆ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู…
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:22:03,950 --> 00:22:04,550
1011
+ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุณู„ู… ูˆ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:22:04,550 --> 00:22:06,470
1015
+ ุณู„ู… ูˆ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุณู„ู… ูˆ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู…
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:22:06,470 --> 00:22:08,090
1019
+ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุณู„ู… ูˆ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:22:08,090 --> 00:22:10,590
1023
+ ุณู„ู… ูˆ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุณู„ู… ูˆ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู…
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:22:10,590 --> 00:22:10,590
1027
+ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุณู„ู… ูˆ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:22:10,590 --> 00:22:11,070
1031
+ ุณู„ู… ูˆ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุณู„ู… ูˆ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู…
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:22:11,070 --> 00:22:15,950
1035
+ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุณู„ู… ูˆ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:22:15,950 --> 00:22:22,370
1039
+ ุณู„ู… ูˆ
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:22:22,370 --> 00:22:27,870
1043
+ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู…
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:22:27,870 --> 00:22:34,510
1047
+ ุตู„ู‰ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠู†
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:22:34,510 --> 00:22:40,450
1051
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุฏููŠุฏูˆุงู„ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฏููŠุฏูˆุงู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ isotypes ู‡ูŠ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:22:40,450 --> 00:22:43,030
1055
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:43,030 --> 00:22:46,670
1059
+ ุงู„allotypes ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ between
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:46,670 --> 00:22:51,590
1063
+ individuals of the same species ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:51,590 --> 00:22:58,250
1067
+ ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฏููŠุฏูˆุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:58,250 --> 00:23:02,370
1071
+ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:23:02,370 --> 00:23:06,790
1075
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ. These are called Allotypic Variations.
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:23:07,790 --> 00:23:12,310
1079
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ Allotypic Differences at long loss usually
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:23:12,310 --> 00:23:16,390
1083
+ involve changes in one or two amino acids in
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:23:16,390 --> 00:23:20,210
1087
+ constant region.ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ููŠ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:23:20,210 --> 00:23:27,130
1091
+ ุงู„ constant region ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ antibody.Anatopic bind
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:23:27,130 --> 00:23:32,670
1095
+ the same antigen in similar way ุงูˆ ุงุฑุชุจุชู‡ ูˆ ุงู„
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:23:32,670 --> 00:23:35,770
1099
+ markers ุทุจุนุง ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠู† ูˆ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:23:35,770 --> 00:23:39,310
1103
+ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู„ูŠุด ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฌูŠู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ polymorph ูุจูŠูƒูˆู†
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:39,310 --> 00:23:42,750
1107
+ ููŠู‡ different ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:42,750 --> 00:23:46,430
1111
+ different structure ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุณูŠุทุฉ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:46,430 --> 00:23:51,050
1115
+ marker ู„ ุงู„ antibody ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุนู…ุฉ chain
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:51,050 --> 00:23:57,460
1119
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุฏูŠู† ุงู…ูŠู†oglobulin G ููŠ GMูˆ ููŠ KM ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:57,460 --> 00:24:02,420
1123
+ Kappa Chain ูˆ ููŠ AM ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Alpha Chain ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ููŠ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:24:02,420 --> 00:24:08,940
1127
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุณุงูˆูŠ Classes ููŠ ุงู„ู€ G ูˆ ุงู„ู€ A Classes
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:24:08,940 --> 00:24:15,620
1131
+ Urban Ideas are inherited in Mendelian traits ุงู„ู€
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:24:15,620 --> 00:24:19,780
1135
+ Idiotypes ุจุชู…ุซู„
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:24:19,780 --> 00:24:24,500
1139
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู€ VL ููŠ ุงู„ูุจุฑูŠุฑูŠู… ูˆ ุงู„ู€ VH
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:24:27,370 --> 00:24:33,830
1143
+ ูˆ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุทุจุนุง ู†ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ู…
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:24:33,830 --> 00:24:41,650
1147
+ ู…ู† ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆุง immunogenic ูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:41,650 --> 00:24:48,550
1151
+ immune response ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ between
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:48,550 --> 00:24:54,450
1155
+ different individuals of the same speciesุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:54,450 --> 00:24:58,410
1159
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง by using anti-idiotypic
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:58,410 --> 00:25:05,830
1163
+ structure ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ู†ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ antigen ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุชุจุงุท
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:25:05,830 --> 00:25:07,030
1167
+ ุงู„ antibody ุจุงู„ antigen
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:25:11,120 --> 00:25:16,220
1171
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ู„ู€ Detopic determinants ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:25:16,220 --> 00:25:20,420
1175
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ immunoglobulin ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู…
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:25:20,420 --> 00:25:25,700
1179
+ ุจุงู„ immune response modulation ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ structure
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:25:25,700 --> 00:25:31,680
1183
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุฃูŠ ููŠ ุงู†ุง isotypes ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ูƒู„ู‡ ุงูŠ ุงุฎุชู„ูุช ููŠ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:25:31,680 --> 00:25:37,320
1187
+ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ constant region ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฏุงู†ูŠ different
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:37,320 --> 00:25:43,200
1191
+ class ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู†ุง IGG ุงู„ constant ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ูุฑูˆุถ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:25:43,200 --> 00:25:47,180
1195
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุนู† ุงู„ IGA ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงู†ู‡ุง
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:25:47,180 --> 00:25:55,100
1199
+ Alpha ุงู„ Allotype ููŠ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:55,100 --> 00:25:55,880
1203
+ constant region
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:58,940 --> 00:26:04,540
1207
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ Minoglobulin GA ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:26:04,540 --> 00:26:07,320
1211
+ constant region ููŠู‡ุง ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:26:07,320 --> 00:26:12,540
1215
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ู„ุง ุชุฑุฌุนู†ูŠุงุด ุนู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุงู„ูŠู„ูŠูƒ forms ููŠ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:26:12,540 --> 00:26:17,960
1219
+ ุงู„ุฌูŠู† ู†ูุณู‡ ุจุชุฏูŠู†ุง different form of Minoglobulin
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:26:17,960 --> 00:26:22,340
1223
+ ุงู„ุงุฏูŠูˆ ุชุงุนูŠ ุจุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ Fab region
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:26:23,460 --> 00:26:26,360
1227
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ IgG ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง different
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:26:26,360 --> 00:26:31,000
1231
+ specific specificity ู„ูƒู† ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:26:31,000 --> 00:26:35,000
1235
+ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณู† ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† it will be considered
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:26:35,000 --> 00:26:41,240
1239
+ immunogenic immunoglobulin
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:26:41,240 --> 00:26:45,900
1243
+ G ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจู†ูŠู‡ dominant immunoglobulin ูู‰ blood ูู‰
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:26:45,900 --> 00:26:47,720
1247
+ lymph node ูู‰ lymph
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:26:50,550 --> 00:26:54,970
1251
+ ุงู„ู€ fluid ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ CSF ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุชูˆู†ูŠุงู„ ุงู„ู€ fluid ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:26:54,970 --> 00:26:59,630
1255
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ different types of fluid ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:26:59,630 --> 00:27:02,190
1259
+ ุบุงู„ุจุง it's distributed equally between
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:27:02,190 --> 00:27:05,670
1263
+ intravascular and extravascular ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุฌูˆุง ูˆ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:27:05,670 --> 00:27:11,130
1267
+ ุจุฑุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ู…ู† two gamma wave
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:27:11,130 --> 00:27:18,170
1271
+ chain ูˆ two lighted chain ุฅู„ุง ุฅู…ุง ูƒุงุจุง ูˆ ุฅู…ุง
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:27:18,170 --> 00:27:21,990
1275
+ ู„ุงู…ุจุฏุงูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง four sub classes ู„ู„
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:27:21,990 --> 00:27:27,470
1279
+ immunoglobulin G ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุงุฑุจุน ูˆุงุญุฏ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:27:27,470 --> 00:27:35,150
1283
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงูƒุซุฑู‡ู… ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒุง ูˆ IGG sub classes ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุจูŠู† ุจุนุถ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:27:35,150 --> 00:27:40,050
1287
+ ุจุงู„ chemical ูˆ biological properties ูุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู†ู‡
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:27:40,050 --> 00:27:45,170
1291
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… they can agglutinate or clump a
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:27:45,170 --> 00:27:47,050
1295
+ particulate ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุชุฌู†
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:27:49,560 --> 00:27:56,720
1299
+ ุงู„ู€ reaction
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:27:56,720 --> 00:28:08,260
1303
+ ุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ุน ุณูˆู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุจูŠุนู…ู„
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:28:08,260 --> 00:28:14,430
1307
+ precipitate ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† multi-valentุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠุจุงู„ ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู†
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:28:14,430 --> 00:28:20,730
1311
+ ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู†
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:28:20,730 --> 00:28:24,870
1315
+ ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู†
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:28:24,870 --> 00:28:25,470
1319
+ ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู†
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:28:25,470 --> 00:28:25,810
1323
+ ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู†
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:28:25,810 --> 00:28:26,690
1327
+ ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู†
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:28:26,690 --> 00:28:27,570
1331
+ ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู†
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:28:27,570 --> 00:28:28,650
1335
+ ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู†
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:28:28,650 --> 00:28:31,050
1339
+ ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู†
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:28:31,050 --> 00:28:40,590
1343
+ ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู†
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:28:40,590 --> 00:28:47,090
1347
+ ุงู†ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ Antibody Multivalent ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Insoluble
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:28:47,090 --> 00:28:52,850
1351
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ูุฌูˆุฒุฉ Excel ุจุชุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุตูุงุช ุงู„ IGG
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:28:52,850 --> 00:28:56,770
1355
+ ู†ู‡ูˆุท Cancrosta placenta ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ูƒู„ู‡ู… Cancrosta
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:28:56,770 --> 00:29:04,970
1359
+ placenta ู…ุนุงุฏุฉ IGG2 ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:29:04,970 --> 00:29:08,190
1363
+ Transferring
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:29:08,190 --> 00:29:14,550
1367
+ immunity from mother to fetusุงู„ุชุฑุงู†ุณููŠุฑ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณู†ุชู„
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:29:14,550 --> 00:29:20,290
1371
+ ูŠุชู… ุฅุนุงุฏุชู‡ ู…ู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:29:20,290 --> 00:29:20,430
1375
+ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:29:20,430 --> 00:29:23,450
1379
+ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:29:23,450 --> 00:29:24,130
1383
+ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:29:24,130 --> 00:29:25,150
1387
+ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:29:25,150 --> 00:29:27,150
1391
+ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:29:27,150 --> 00:29:35,270
1395
+ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:29:35,270 --> 00:29:38,230
1399
+ ู…ุต
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:29:40,190 --> 00:29:48,290
1403
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู…ุชุฑุฏุฎ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:29:48,290 --> 00:29:56,210
1407
+ ููŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ IGG ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู… ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ baby ุดู‡ุฑ
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:29:56,210 --> 00:30:00,070
1411
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ emergency ุจุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ fetus to look after
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:30:00,070 --> 00:30:08,250
1415
+ himself ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุจุฏุฃ ูŠูƒูˆู‘ู† IgM ูˆุดูˆูŠุฉ IgA
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:30:11,990 --> 00:30:15,830
1419
+ 3 ุงูˆ 4 ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุน
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:30:15,830 --> 00:30:21,050
1423
+ ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ infants to synthesize its own IgG
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:30:21,050 --> 00:30:27,390
1427
+ ูˆูŠุชู‡ุงุฏุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุญูˆู‚ ุจู‚ู„ุฉ drop in the
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:30:27,390 --> 00:30:32,890
1431
+ concentration of maternal IgG absorption of
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:30:32,890 --> 00:30:38,750
1435
+ maternal IgG ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„clostrum ุงู„clostrum of
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:30:38,750 --> 00:30:44,870
1439
+ nursing mothers ู…ุงุดูŠูˆุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ cluster
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:30:44,870 --> 00:30:52,130
1443
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ FCRN Protection Receptor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:30:52,130 --> 00:30:54,610
1447
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ intestinal tissue of the neonate ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:30:54,610 --> 00:31:01,270
1451
+ ุจูŠู…ุชุตูˆุง ุงู„ baby ุงู„ุญู„ูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู… ููŠ IGG
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:31:01,270 --> 00:31:05,310
1455
+ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุตู„ ุฃู…ุนุงุก ุงู„ baby ุฃูˆ ุงู„ neonate ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:31:05,310 --> 00:31:09,670
1459
+ ุจูŠู…ุชุตูˆุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ receptor FCRN ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:31:09,670 --> 00:31:16,550
1463
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ intestinal tissueุณูุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุตูุงุช ุงู„ IGG
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:31:16,550 --> 00:31:23,870
1467
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ optionization ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู„ุชุณู‡ูŠู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:31:23,870 --> 00:31:28,230
1471
+ phagocytosis ูˆุฅู„ุง ูƒูŠู ุชุชุนุฑู ุงู„ phagocytic cell ุนู„ู‰
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:31:28,230 --> 00:31:33,990
1475
+ ุงู„ antigen ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชุนู„ูŠู…ู‡ by antibody mostly ุงู„
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:31:33,990 --> 00:31:36,570
1479
+ IGG has this ability
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:31:42,170 --> 00:31:45,390
1483
+ Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:31:45,390 --> 00:31:50,810
1487
+ ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู† ุงู„ู€ Fabregens of IgG ุจุชุฑุชุจุท
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:31:50,810 --> 00:31:55,810
1491
+ ุจุงู„ุฃู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุจุถุงู„ ูุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Fc Portion ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Fc
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:31:55,810 --> 00:32:00,330
1495
+ Portion ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุงู„ูŠู‡ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ูƒู„ ุงู„ูุงุฌูˆุณูŠุชูƒ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:32:00,330 --> 00:32:07,250
1499
+ ุณูŠู„ and ุฃู†ูƒูŠ ุณูŠู„ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ูุงุฌูˆุณูŠุชูƒ ุณูŠู„ ุชุชุนุฑู
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:32:07,250 --> 00:32:10,830
1503
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:32:10,830 --> 00:32:19,220
1507
+ Opsinizerุฃูˆ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:32:19,220 --> 00:32:27,900
1511
+ ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุจุงุฏูŠ ุฏูŠ ุจู†ุฏู†ุงู„ู€ Fabregion ูˆ IGG
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:32:27,900 --> 00:32:31,420
1515
+ ุจุชู…ุณูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Antigen ูุจุชุถู„ ูุนู„ุฉ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ FC
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:32:31,420 --> 00:32:34,900
1519
+ portion ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Receptor ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ูุงุฌูˆุณ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:32:34,900 --> 00:32:39,160
1523
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชูƒุณุจู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุฑุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ killer cell ุชุจุฏุฃ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:32:39,160 --> 00:32:46,580
1527
+ ุชู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ target cell ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฅูุฑุงุฒ certain granules
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:32:46,580 --> 00:32:50,980
1531
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง activation of complementby IGG complement
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:32:50,980 --> 00:32:57,320
1535
+ activation ุฃูŠุถุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ direct license of the
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:32:57,320 --> 00:33:00,980
1539
+ invading organism ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุชุชู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:33:00,980 --> 00:33:07,200
1543
+ optionization ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุจุชุชู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:33:07,200 --> 00:33:12,340
1547
+ direct killing by activation of complement
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:33:12,340 --> 00:33:15,930
1551
+ neutralization of toxinุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Antigen
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:33:15,930 --> 00:33:19,370
1555
+ Antibody reaction blocking ู„ู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุชูƒุณูŠู†
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:33:19,370 --> 00:33:23,330
1559
+ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ immunoglobulin ุจู„ู‚ุณ the
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:33:23,330 --> 00:33:28,870
1563
+ active site of various toxins ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุชุชุงู†ุงุณ ุฒูŠ ุงู„
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:33:28,870 --> 00:33:33,450
1567
+ portulism portulanas
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:33:33,450 --> 00:33:38,910
1571
+ ูˆ ุงู„ passive immunization is used immobilization
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:33:38,910 --> 00:33:41,710
1575
+ of ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฒูŠ ุชุฑูŠุจุงู†ูŠู…ุงุจุงู„ูŠุฏูŠุงู…
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:33:46,660 --> 00:33:51,840
1579
+ immobilization neutralization of virus IgG is an
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:33:51,840 --> 00:33:56,260
1583
+ efficient virus neutralizing antibody inhibition
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:33:56,260 --> 00:34:01,500
1587
+ of viral attachment to the target cell ูˆุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:34:01,500 --> 00:34:07,160
1591
+ ููŠู‡ inhibition ู„ู„ penetration of virus ูˆุทุจุนุง
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:34:07,160 --> 00:34:11,300
1595
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูุงุฌูˆุณูŠุชูƒ ุณูŠู„
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:34:11,300 --> 00:34:16,280
1599
+ ุงู„ู‡ุงุฑุณูŠุจุชูˆุฑ ู„ู„ Fc portion ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ Fc portion ุดุงูŠููŠู†
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:34:16,280 --> 00:34:21,920
1603
+ ู…ุงุณูƒุฉ ุงู„ antibody ู…ู† ู†ุงุนุช ุงู„ Fc portion ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ Fc
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:34:21,920 --> 00:34:28,320
1607
+ portion ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุฒูŠ
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:34:28,320 --> 00:34:29,860
1611
+ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:34:32,840 --> 00:34:39,380
1615
+ ุงู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู…ู„ุนู‚ ุจุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูุงู„ุช ู…ู†ู‡ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:34:39,380 --> 00:34:43,000
1619
+ Fc Portion ุงู„ Fc Portion ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฑูŠุณุจุชุฑุง ุฏู‡
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:34:43,000 --> 00:34:50,840
1623
+ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ุฏู‡ ู…ู…ุณูƒ ุจุงู„ Fc ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูุงู„ุช ูˆู‡ูŠ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:34:50,840 --> 00:34:56,080
1627
+ ู…ู…ุณูƒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุด phagocytosis ุจุชู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุชุด ุงู„
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:34:56,080 --> 00:34:57,020
1631
+ phagocytosis
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:34:59,860 --> 00:35:03,400
1635
+ ุงู„ู€ ุงู‡ุฏู‰ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ important differences among human
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:35:03,400 --> 00:35:09,700
1639
+ IGG classes ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุชู„ุงุญุธู‰ ุงู„ IGG 1 ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุชุจุนู‡
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:35:09,700 --> 00:35:18,220
1643
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ 70% ุจูŠุงู„ู‰ IGG 2 ุจูŠุงู„ู‰ 3 ุจูŠุงู„ู‰ 4 ุงู„ half
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:35:18,220 --> 00:35:27,780
1647
+ life ูƒู„ู‡ู… 23 ูŠูˆู… ุจุนุฏ IGG 3 complement binding ุงู„
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:35:28,270 --> 00:35:32,150
1651
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ complement activation ู‡ูˆ IGG3 ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:35:32,150 --> 00:35:37,910
1655
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุด ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ placental percentage
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:35:37,910 --> 00:35:42,730
1659
+ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง crossing ู„ู„ placenta ู…ุนุงุฏุฉ IGG2 ูˆุงู„
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:35:42,730 --> 00:35:49,130
1663
+ binding to monocytes IGG1 ูˆ 3 ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:35:49,130 --> 00:35:51,370
1667
+ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุงู„ monocytes
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:35:54,890 --> 00:35:58,470
1671
+ ุงู„ู€ IgM ู‡ูˆ ุฃูˆู„ ุฃู†ุชุจุงุท ูŠุทู„ุน ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:35:58,470 --> 00:36:05,250
1675
+ Infection ูˆูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ Indicate ุงู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ Recent Infection
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:36:05,250 --> 00:36:10,770
1679
+ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Pentameric Molecule ุงู„ units are
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:36:10,770 --> 00:36:15,950
1683
+ joined together Pentameric ุฎู…ุงุณูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆูƒู„ unit
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:36:15,950 --> 00:36:18,010
1687
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:36:22,480 --> 00:36:27,720
1691
+ ู…ูŠู†ูˆ ุฌู„ูˆุจูŠ ุงู„ structure ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ IGG ุงู„
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:36:27,720 --> 00:36:33,300
1695
+ structure ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฎู…ุณุฉ
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:36:33,300 --> 00:36:35,680
1699
+ different structure ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ unit
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:36:35,680 --> 00:36:39,580
1703
+ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจูŠุฌุชู…ุนูˆุง ุจูŠุฑุชุจุทูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ SS bond
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:36:39,580 --> 00:36:42,700
1707
+ ุจูŠุฑุชุจุทูˆุง
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:36:42,700 --> 00:36:48,180
1711
+ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ FC portion ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุงู„ J chain
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:36:50,720 --> 00:36:57,260
1715
+ ุจุชุตู†ุน ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ B-Oriblasma Cell ุงู„ู€ IgM ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:36:57,260 --> 00:37:02,060
1719
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ Intramuscular ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ B
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:37:02,060 --> 00:37:09,890
1723
+ -Lymphocyte ูˆู‡ูˆ IGDุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุงู„ PCR ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุฑุชุจุท
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:37:09,890 --> 00:37:15,190
1727
+ ุจุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู†ุชุฌู† specific PCR ุงู„ IGM ู…ู† ุตูุงุชู‡ ุงู†ู‡
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:37:15,190 --> 00:37:17,930
1731
+ excellent complement fixing ุจู†ุดุท ุงู„ complement
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:37:17,930 --> 00:37:24,690
1735
+ ุจู†ุฌุงุญ ูˆ ุงูŠุถุง efficient agglutinating antibody ูˆ
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:37:24,690 --> 00:37:28,150
1739
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ ISO hemagglutinin ูˆ ุงู„ ISO ุงู„
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:37:28,150 --> 00:37:31,650
1743
+ hemagglutinin ู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† naturally occurring IGM
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:37:31,650 --> 00:37:37,990
1747
+ antibody ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู†against RBCs antigen ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ A B O
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:37:37,990 --> 00:37:43,160
1751
+ antigenู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ IgM ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:37:43,160 --> 00:37:46,820
1755
+ Isohemoglutin ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ They cannot cross the placenta
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:37:46,820 --> 00:37:49,660
1759
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง incompatibility ุจูŠู† ุงู„ mother
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:37:49,660 --> 00:37:55,320
1763
+ ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุฅูŠุด ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ fetus ุฅู„ุง ุฃู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:37:55,320 --> 00:37:57,740
1767
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ gastrointestinal ุฃูˆ ุงู„ respiratory
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:37:57,740 --> 00:38:03,180
1771
+ tract ุจูŠู„ู‡ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ determinants ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุจู‡ ุงู„ EBO
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:38:03,180 --> 00:38:07,920
1775
+ blood group IgA
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:38:08,860 --> 00:38:11,440
1779
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ major antibody ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ external
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:38:11,440 --> 00:38:18,720
1783
+ secretion ูˆ such as saliva, mucus, sweet, gastric
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:38:18,720 --> 00:38:24,200
1787
+ fluid and tears ูˆ ุงู„ major antibody found in
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:38:24,200 --> 00:38:30,840
1791
+ clostrum of milk ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุญู„ูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ุจุน ู„ู„ุฃู… and it
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:38:30,840 --> 00:38:35,140
1795
+ protects intestinal tract of unit against pathogen
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:38:36,080 --> 00:38:40,160
1799
+ During the first week after birth ูˆู‡ูˆ ุญุงู…ู„ ุญู…ุงู„ุฉ
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:38:40,160 --> 00:38:45,440
1803
+ ุงู„ู€ Intestinal tract of Neonate Within mucous
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:38:45,440 --> 00:38:52,020
1807
+ secretion ุงู„ู€ IgA ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุฏุงูŠู…ุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจู€ J
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:38:52,020 --> 00:38:59,840
1811
+ Chain ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ J ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ ููŠ IgM ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฏุงูŠู…ุฑูŠูƒ
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:38:59,840 --> 00:39:01,060
1815
+ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูˆู„ ู…ุด Pentameric
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:39:06,920 --> 00:39:16,080
1819
+ ูˆุฎุท ุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ IGA ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ููŠ ุงู„ tissue ูˆูŠุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู†
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:39:16,080 --> 00:39:22,500
1823
+ ุงู„ tissue ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูŠูˆูƒุงุณ
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:39:22,500 --> 00:39:29,350
1827
+ ู…ุจุฑูŠู† ูŠู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„cellsู‡ูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุดูŠุก ูŠุณู…ู‰ Poly
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:39:29,350 --> 00:39:32,850
1831
+ Immunoglobulin Receptor ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Basal
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:39:32,850 --> 00:39:36,610
1835
+ Membrane of Adjacent Epithelial Cell ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:39:36,610 --> 00:39:42,670
1839
+ Receptor ุจุฃู‡ู„ู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุฎุชุฑู‚ ุงู„ู€ Epithelial Cell ุนุดุงู†
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:39:42,670 --> 00:39:46,270
1843
+ ูŠุทู„ุน Extra CellularูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Extra Cellular Fluid
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:39:46,270 --> 00:39:52,770
1847
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Gut ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆู†ูƒุงูŠ ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠุฉูˆูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:39:52,770 --> 00:39:57,170
1851
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุชุชุณู‡ู‘ู„
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:39:57,170 --> 00:40:04,090
1855
+ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ By enzymatic cleavage ูŠูˆู… ูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:40:04,090 --> 00:40:06,450
1859
+ epithelial cell ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ extra cellular fluid
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:40:06,450 --> 00:40:11,030
1863
+ ุจุชู†ู‚ุทุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ poly immunoglobulin receptor ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:40:11,030 --> 00:40:15,530
1867
+ ุจุชุชุฑูƒ ูˆุฑุงู‡ุง ุฌุฒุก ุตุบูŠุฑ ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ secretory component
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:40:15,530 --> 00:40:20,190
1871
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ FC portion of the immunoglobulin
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:40:20,190 --> 00:40:20,750
1875
+ domain
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:40:23,640 --> 00:40:27,480
1879
+ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุณูŠูƒุฑุงุชูˆุฑูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:40:27,480 --> 00:40:30,500
1883
+ ุงู„ู€Dimeric Immunoglobulin-A ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูƒุซูŠุฑ
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:40:30,500 --> 00:40:36,480
1887
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠูˆู„ูŠุชูŠูƒูŠุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชูƒุซูŠุฑ.ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุณูŠูƒุฑุงุชูˆุฑูŠ
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:40:36,480 --> 00:40:39,240
1891
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€Respiratory and
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:40:39,240 --> 00:40:43,100
1895
+ gastrointestinal tract ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:40:43,100 --> 00:40:48,280
1899
+ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุด ู„ุฃูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ูŠุจุด ู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅุจุงุซูŠู„ูŠุง.ู‡ูˆ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู†
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:40:48,280 --> 00:40:50,840
1903
+ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุด ู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅุจุงุซูŠู„ูŠุง.ู‡ูˆ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุนู…ู„
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:40:50,840 --> 00:40:51,360
1907
+ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุด ู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅุจุงุซูŠู„ูŠุง.ู‡ูˆ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุนู…ู„
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:40:51,360 --> 00:40:56,300
1911
+ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุด ู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅุจุงุซูŠู„ูŠุง.ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฒูˆุฒุงูŠู† ุงู„ู€ IgA
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:40:56,300 --> 00:40:59,920
1915
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ู† ุตูุงุชู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Antiviral and
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:40:59,920 --> 00:41:06,640
1919
+ Efficient Agglutinating Antibody ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฒูŠ
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:41:06,640 --> 00:41:13,200
1923
+ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ุณูŠู„ ุจุชุตู†ุนู‡ ูˆูุชุดู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ as a
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:41:13,200 --> 00:41:16,780
1927
+ diametric molecule ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุนุดุงู† ูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:41:16,780 --> 00:41:21,420
1931
+ ExtracellularุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจู€ Receptor ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:41:21,420 --> 00:41:25,730
1935
+ ุงู„ู€ Adjacent Epithelial cellsูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง receptor
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:41:25,730 --> 00:41:29,330
1939
+ polyminoglobulin receptor ูุจูŠุฎุด ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ physical
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:41:29,330 --> 00:41:33,350
1943
+ ููŠ ุงู„ epithelial cells ูˆ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ physical ุจูŠุชู…
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:41:33,350 --> 00:41:38,550
1947
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชู‚ุทูŠุนู‡ ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชู‚ุทุน ุจุทู„ุน ุทุจุนุง by enzymatic
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:41:38,550 --> 00:41:43,790
1951
+ action ุจุทู„ุน extracellularly ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ุทูŠุน ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:41:43,790 --> 00:41:47,970
1955
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ big molecule ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฒุบุฑู‡ ูˆ ุจุทู„ุน
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:41:47,970 --> 00:41:51,310
1959
+ extracellularly ู„ูƒู† ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:41:55,650 --> 00:42:01,330
1963
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ Fc Portion of IgA Diameter ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:42:01,330 --> 00:42:04,550
1967
+ Secretory Component ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู…
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:42:04,550 --> 00:42:10,170
1971
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠูˆู„ุงูŠุณูŠุฒ IGD
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:42:10,170 --> 00:42:13,830
1975
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:42:13,830 --> 00:42:20,080
1979
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ P-Lymphocyte ู‡ูˆ IGMูˆ it functioned as
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:42:20,080 --> 00:42:26,120
1983
+ antigen receptor specific PCR ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู† ุงู„ IGD
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:42:26,120 --> 00:42:29,360
1987
+ correlate with the elimination of B cell with the
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:42:29,360 --> 00:42:37,180
1991
+ capacity to generate self-reactive antibody ุฅูŠุด
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:42:37,180 --> 00:42:44,680
1995
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ูŠู…ู†ุนุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ B
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:42:44,680 --> 00:42:49,220
1999
+ -Lymphocytes ุฅุฐุง ุชุญูˆู„ุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Self-Reactive ุฅุฐุง
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:42:49,220 --> 00:42:59,760
2003
+ ุฃู†ุชุฌุช ู„ู†ุง Self-Reactive Antibody IGE ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:42:59,760 --> 00:43:05,620
2007
+ Reagenic Antibody ูˆุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ FC Portion ุชุจุนุชู‡ ู„ู‡ุง
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:43:05,620 --> 00:43:12,290
2011
+ ุฑูŠุณุจุชุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู„ ูˆุงู„ุจูŠุฒูˆููŠู„ูˆู„ู…ู‘ุง ูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุฑุณูŠุจุชูˆุฑ
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:43:12,290 --> 00:43:18,530
2015
+ ุชุจุนู‡ ุจุฑุชุจุท ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ fab region ูˆููŠ
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:43:18,530 --> 00:43:22,750
2019
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ Fc portion ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:43:22,750 --> 00:43:27,450
2023
+ ูŠุญุตู„ cross linking ุจุงู„ antigen ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:43:27,450 --> 00:43:33,470
2027
+ activated ูˆุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุทู„ุน ู„ู†ุงุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 24
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:43:33,470 --> 00:43:37,690
2031
+ ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ุฃุดู‡ุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ู‡ูŠุณุชุงู…ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุงุฑูŠู†
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:43:37,690 --> 00:43:42,210
2035
+ ูˆุงู„ูŠูˆูƒุชุฑูŠู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุดุบู‘ู„ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:43:42,210 --> 00:43:42,230
2039
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:43:42,230 --> 00:43:42,890
2043
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:43:42,890 --> 00:43:44,510
2047
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:43:44,510 --> 00:43:46,530
2051
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:43:46,530 --> 00:43:48,030
2055
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:43:48,030 --> 00:43:48,030
2059
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:43:48,030 --> 00:43:59,450
2063
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:43:59,450 --> 00:44:05,930
2067
+ ุนู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠูˆู… ูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุจุณ ุงู„ุดุฑุท ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู„ุชู†ุดูŠุท
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:44:05,930 --> 00:44:09,670
2071
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ cross linking two adjacent
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:44:09,670 --> 00:44:13,930
2075
+ antibodies combine to the antigen ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:44:13,930 --> 00:44:19,370
2079
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ activation ูˆdegranulation ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุทู„ุน
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:44:19,370 --> 00:44:25,510
2083
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู„ู‡ุณุชุงู…ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑูŠู† ูˆุงู„ูŠูˆูƒุชุฑูŠู†
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:44:25,510 --> 00:44:29,210
2087
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ receptor FCY
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:44:33,620 --> 00:44:38,980
2091
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุจูŠู† ู„ู‰ different chemical
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:44:38,980 --> 00:44:43,180
2095
+ and physical properties of immunoglobulins
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:44:43,180 --> 00:44:50,340
2099
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ู… isotopes ู‡ูˆ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ structure
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:44:50,340 --> 00:44:54,000
2103
+ of different isotypes ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูู‰ ุงู„ุฌุณู…
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:44:57,520 --> 00:45:02,620
2107
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ figure ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ูƒูŠู ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ protection
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:45:02,620 --> 00:45:11,920
2111
+ ู„ู„ immunoglobulin IGG ููŠ ุงู„ intestinal mucosa ุฏู‡
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:45:11,920 --> 00:45:19,160
2115
+ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ IGG ุจูŠุงุฎุฏู‡ ุงู„ antigen ููŠ ุงู„ FCRP ุงู„ู„ู‰
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:45:19,160 --> 00:45:24,540
2119
+ ู‡ูˆ protection ู„ู„ FCRP ุจุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ antibody ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:45:24,540 --> 00:45:27,670
2123
+ antibody ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ุงุณูƒ antigenุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจูŠุฎุด ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:45:27,670 --> 00:45:31,950
2127
+ physical ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ dissociation ู„ู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ูˆ
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:45:31,950 --> 00:45:36,730
2131
+ ุจูŠุธู„ ุงู„ antibody ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ FCRP ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:45:36,730 --> 00:45:44,830
2135
+ cell membrane ูˆ ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ุงู† ุจูŠุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุญู„ ู…ู†
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:45:44,830 --> 00:45:49,310
2139
+ ุงู„ receptor ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ neutral pH ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ antigen
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:45:49,310 --> 00:45:53,950
2143
+ ุจูŠุธู„ ููŠ ุงู„ physical ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ lysozyme ุจูŠุฎุดูˆุงู‡ูˆ
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:45:53,950 --> 00:45:56,690
2147
+ ูŠุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู†
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:45:56,690 --> 00:46:03,150
2151
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู†
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:46:03,150 --> 00:46:05,110
2155
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู†
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:46:05,110 --> 00:46:06,210
2159
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู†
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:46:06,210 --> 00:46:08,150
2163
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู†
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:46:08,150 --> 00:46:08,150
2167
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู†
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:46:08,150 --> 00:46:11,650
2171
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู†
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:46:11,650 --> 00:46:20,470
2175
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู†
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:46:24,680 --> 00:46:28,640
2179
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงุณุชูƒู…ู„ุง ู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ antibody
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:46:28,640 --> 00:46:32,800
2183
+ structure and function ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ ุงู„ kinetics of
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:46:32,800 --> 00:46:40,160
2187
+ antibody response after immunization ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:46:40,160 --> 00:46:42,920
2191
+ ุชุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ figure ููŠ ุงู†ู‡ุง primary immune
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:46:42,920 --> 00:46:46,740
2195
+ response ูˆ ููŠ ุงู†ู‡ุง secondary immune response ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:46:46,740 --> 00:46:49,400
2199
+ ุชุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ primary immune response ููŠ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:46:49,400 --> 00:46:53,290
2203
+ phase ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุจู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ primary immune response
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:46:53,290 --> 00:46:56,430
2207
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุชุทู„ู‚ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ phases ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:46:56,430 --> 00:47:00,590
2211
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:47:00,590 --> 00:47:05,850
2215
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ latent exponential steady and declining
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:47:05,850 --> 00:47:13,570
2219
+ ูˆู†ุดูˆูู‡ู… ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ primary phase ุจูŠู†ู‚ุณู…
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:47:13,570 --> 00:47:19,390
2223
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฉ phases ุฃูˆู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ lateูˆ ุงู„ latent ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:47:19,390 --> 00:47:25,190
2227
+ ุนู† ุงู„ lag phase ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ for B and T cell
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:47:25,190 --> 00:47:28,250
2231
+ to make contact ูˆุตู„ู‡ุง proliferation and
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:47:28,250 --> 00:47:30,890
2235
+ differentiation make contact ูˆ ุงู„ antigen ุทุจุนุง
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:47:30,890 --> 00:47:34,590
2239
+ ูˆุตู„ู‡ุง proliferation and differentiation ุบุงู„ุจุง ู‡ุฐู‡
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:47:34,590 --> 00:47:41,230
2243
+ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† one to two weeksุงู„ูุฒ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:47:41,230 --> 00:47:43,830
2247
+ exponential phase ูˆุทุจุนุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ phase ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
2248
+
2249
+ 563
2250
+ 00:47:43,830 --> 00:47:47,570
2251
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงูŠู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ ู„ู„ antibody concentration in
2252
+
2253
+ 564
2254
+ 00:47:47,570 --> 00:47:51,610
2255
+ serum ุงู„ูุฒ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ steady phase ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
2256
+
2257
+ 565
2258
+ 00:47:51,610 --> 00:47:55,630
2259
+ ููŠู‡ balance ููŠ ุงู„ production and degradation ูˆุงุฎุฑ
2260
+
2261
+ 566
2262
+ 00:47:55,630 --> 00:47:59,170
2263
+ phase ู‡ูˆ declining phase ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ immunoglobulin
2264
+
2265
+ 567
2266
+ 00:47:59,170 --> 00:48:03,070
2267
+ to shutdown ูุงู„ antibody level and structure ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
2268
+
2269
+ 568
2270
+ 00:48:03,070 --> 00:48:08,290
2271
+ ู„ู‡ declining rapidly ุงูˆู„ antibody ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ IgM
2272
+
2273
+ 569
2274
+ 00:48:08,910 --> 00:48:13,810
2275
+ ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ IGG ุจุฏูˆ ูŠุทู„ุน ูุงู„ IGG ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุตุงุญุจ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
2276
+
2277
+ 570
2278
+ 00:48:13,810 --> 00:48:19,270
2279
+ ุงู„ IGG ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุตุงุญุจู‡ุง ู‚ู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ production of IGF
2280
+
2281
+ 571
2282
+ 00:48:19,270 --> 00:48:22,710
2283
+ ููŠ secondary immune response ุทุจุนุง ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ primary
2284
+
2285
+ 572
2286
+ 00:48:22,710 --> 00:48:29,110
2287
+ immune response ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ pool from long lived
2288
+
2289
+ 573
2290
+ 00:48:29,110 --> 00:48:34,070
2291
+ memory cell ุชูƒูˆู† pool of memory cell and this
2292
+
2293
+ 574
2294
+ 00:48:34,070 --> 00:48:37,900
2295
+ memory cellุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ to mount a secondary
2296
+
2297
+ 575
2298
+ 00:48:37,900 --> 00:48:43,300
2299
+ response of the same antigen ููŠ secondary or
2300
+
2301
+ 576
2302
+ 00:48:43,300 --> 00:48:47,240
2303
+ memory response ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุฑุงุช anamnestic
2304
+
2305
+ 577
2306
+ 00:48:47,240 --> 00:48:53,420
2307
+ response ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุทุจุนุง apparent response to the
2308
+
2309
+ 578
2310
+ 00:48:53,420 --> 00:49:01,900
2311
+ antigenูˆ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจุชุชู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ response ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
2312
+
2313
+ 579
2314
+ 00:49:01,900 --> 00:49:06,580
2315
+ ุงู„ lag phase is shorter ูˆ ุงู„ antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ
2316
+
2317
+ 580
2318
+ 00:49:06,580 --> 00:49:15,440
2319
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูˆ it lasts longer ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุจุชูˆู„ for month
2320
+
2321
+ 581
2322
+ 00:49:15,440 --> 00:49:20,700
2323
+ or years ุงู„
2324
+
2325
+ 582
2326
+ 00:49:20,700 --> 00:49:22,900
2327
+ IgG antibody
2328
+
2329
+ 583
2330
+ 00:49:26,730 --> 00:49:32,930
2331
+ ุจุธู‡ุฑ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ูˆุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ IgM ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุทู„ุน
2332
+
2333
+ 584
2334
+ 00:49:32,930 --> 00:49:36,250
2335
+ IgA ุฃูˆ IgE ูˆุจูŠุณู…ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ Class-Switching
2336
+
2337
+ 585
2338
+ 00:49:36,250 --> 00:49:41,090
2339
+ Phenomena ุจุณ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ Antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
2340
+
2341
+ 586
2342
+ 00:49:41,090 --> 00:49:46,070
2343
+ has the same specificity as IgM ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทู„ุน ุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
2344
+
2345
+ 587
2346
+ 00:49:46,070 --> 00:49:48,650
2347
+ affinity of maturation ููŠ ุงู„ class-switching
2348
+
2349
+ 588
2350
+ 00:49:48,650 --> 00:49:51,830
2351
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท
2352
+
2353
+ 589
2354
+ 00:49:51,830 --> 00:49:56,920
2355
+ ุจุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ูˆ Secondary immune response
2356
+
2357
+ 590
2358
+ 00:49:56,920 --> 00:50:03,820
2359
+ ุจูŠู…ุซู„ ู„ู†ุง ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุงู„ repeated immunization ุจู…ุนู†ู‰
2360
+
2361
+ 591
2362
+ 00:50:03,820 --> 00:50:08,480
2363
+ with attenuated ุทุจุนุง justified ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑุฑ ู„ู†ุง ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
2364
+
2365
+ 592
2366
+ 00:50:08,480 --> 00:50:11,980
2367
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ repeated immunization with attenuated
2368
+
2369
+ 593
2370
+ 00:50:11,980 --> 00:50:16,340
2371
+ inactivated pathogen to induce an immune response
2372
+
2373
+ 594
2374
+ 00:50:17,310 --> 00:50:20,670
2375
+ Immunoglobulin superfamily ููŠ ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
2376
+
2377
+ 595
2378
+ 00:50:20,670 --> 00:50:24,310
2379
+ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุชุดุชุฑูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ structure of
2380
+
2381
+ 596
2382
+ 00:50:24,310 --> 00:50:28,670
2383
+ immunoglobulin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Y-shaped ุบุงู„ุจุง ุฃูˆ
2384
+
2385
+ 597
2386
+ 00:50:28,670 --> 00:50:34,550
2387
+ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ domain ููŠ ุงู„ structure ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ
2388
+
2389
+ 598
2390
+ 00:50:34,550 --> 00:50:37,570
2391
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† immunoglobulin ุจุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ Y-shapeุงู„ู€
2392
+
2393
+ 599
2394
+ 00:50:37,570 --> 00:50:41,730
2395
+ Structure ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฌู†ุจู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ molecule ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฌู†ุจู‡
2396
+
2397
+ 600
2398
+ 00:50:41,730 --> 00:50:45,510
2399
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ immunoglobulin Alpha, Beta, ุชูŠุฑูˆ ุฏุงูŠู…ุฑ ุฃูŠ
2400
+
2401
+ 601
2402
+ 00:50:45,510 --> 00:50:49,490
2403
+ ู…ุงุฎุฏ ู†ูุณ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ structure ุซู… ุงู„ T cell receptor
2404
+
2405
+ 602
2406
+ 00:50:49,490 --> 00:50:59,070
2407
+ ูˆ ุงู„ CD3 CD3 ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุจุฑุถู‡ structure ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌู†ุจ ุงู„
2408
+
2409
+ 603
2410
+ 00:50:59,070 --> 00:51:07,420
2411
+ PCR ูˆ immunoglobulin Alpha, BetaูˆุจูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ
2412
+
2413
+ 604
2414
+ 00:51:07,420 --> 00:51:11,220
2415
+ ุงู„ู€ Cell Signaling ุซู… Class I ูˆ Class II MHC
2416
+
2417
+ 605
2418
+ 00:51:11,220 --> 00:51:15,000
2419
+ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ุซู… Poly-Immunoglobulin Receptor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง
2420
+
2421
+ 606
2422
+ 00:51:15,000 --> 00:51:21,660
2423
+ IGA ุจุฑุชุจุท ููŠู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุชูุณูŠู„ุชูŠุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ extravasation
2424
+
2425
+ 607
2426
+ 00:51:21,660 --> 00:51:27,080
2427
+ to the extracellular fluid ุงู„
2428
+
2429
+ 608
2430
+ 00:51:27,080 --> 00:51:30,360
2431
+ .. these molecules ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง sharing the same
2432
+
2433
+ 609
2434
+ 00:51:30,360 --> 00:51:35,880
2435
+ structure immunoglobulin 4-domainูˆ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุฏู„ูŠู„
2436
+
2437
+ 610
2438
+ 00:51:35,880 --> 00:51:40,900
2439
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู† ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุทุงู„ุนูŠู† ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ู…ู† ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ููŠ ู†ูุณ
2440
+
2441
+ 611
2442
+ 00:51:40,900 --> 00:51:46,180
2443
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ sorry ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ primordial gene ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
2444
+
2445
+ 612
2446
+ 00:51:46,180 --> 00:51:50,190
2447
+ foldingุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Loop Formation ูˆ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Domain
2448
+
2449
+ 613
2450
+ 00:51:50,190 --> 00:51:55,450
2451
+ ุณุจุจู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Intra-Chain Disulfide Bond ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2452
+
2453
+ 614
2454
+ 00:51:55,450 --> 00:51:59,230
2455
+ ุจูŠุดูƒู„ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 110 Amino Acids ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Domains
2456
+
2457
+ 615
2458
+ 00:51:59,230 --> 00:52:03,810
2459
+ ุบุงู„ุจุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุงู„ู€ Cell Surface
2460
+
2461
+ 616
2462
+ 00:52:03,810 --> 00:52:07,070
2463
+ Molecule ุฒูŠ CD4 ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ T-Helper Cell ูˆ ุฃู…ุงุชุดูŠ
2464
+
2465
+ 617
2466
+ 00:52:07,070 --> 00:52:10,250
2467
+ Class II Molecule ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Antigen Presenting Cell
2468
+
2469
+ 618
2470
+ 00:52:10,250 --> 00:52:13,430
2471
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
2472
+
2473
+ 619
2474
+ 00:52:13,430 --> 00:52:15,130
2475
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ Related to
2476
+
2477
+ 620
2478
+ 00:52:15,130 --> 00:52:19,040
2479
+ Immunoglobulinstructure and function ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
2480
+
2481
+ 621
2482
+ 00:52:19,040 --> 00:52:21,940
2483
+ hybridoma technique ูˆ ุงู„ monoclonal antibody
2484
+
2485
+ 622
2486
+ 00:52:21,940 --> 00:52:27,200
2487
+ formation ุทุจุนุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูŠูƒ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ูˆ
2488
+
2489
+ 623
2490
+ 00:52:27,200 --> 00:52:31,820
2491
+ ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† spleen
2492
+
2493
+ 624
2494
+ 00:52:31,820 --> 00:52:40,980
2495
+ cell mostly B lymphocytes ู…ู† ุงู„ spleen ุงู„ู…ู†ูุนุฑ
2496
+
2497
+ 625
2498
+ 00:52:40,980 --> 00:52:46,570
2499
+ ุนุฑุถู†ุง ู„ antigenูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ B lymphocyte already ุชุนุฑุถุช
2500
+
2501
+ 626
2502
+ 00:52:46,570 --> 00:52:54,530
2503
+ ู„ antigen ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆ ุจู†ุฌูŠุจ myeloma cell ูˆ ุงู„ myeloma
2504
+
2505
+ 627
2506
+ 00:52:54,530 --> 00:53:05,940
2507
+ cell ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู‡ุฌู†ุฉ ุฌูŠู†ูŠุงุฃูˆ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ Genetic
2508
+
2509
+ 628
2510
+ 00:53:05,940 --> 00:53:09,840
2511
+ Engineering ุจูŠุดูŠู„ูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ enzyme Ibogazine
2512
+
2513
+ 629
2514
+ 00:53:09,840 --> 00:53:14,460
2515
+ Phosphoribosyltransferase enzyme ุจูŠู†ุดุฃ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆ
2516
+
2517
+ 630
2518
+ 00:53:14,460 --> 00:53:18,620
2519
+ ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ูˆ ุจูŠุฌูŠุจูˆุง ุงู„ุชูˆุณุท ุทุจุนุง Myeloma cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ B
2520
+
2521
+ 631
2522
+ 00:53:18,620 --> 00:53:24,380
2523
+ lymphocyte ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง cancer of B lymphocytes ู‡ุฐู‡
2524
+
2525
+ 632
2526
+ 00:53:24,380 --> 00:53:27,980
2527
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุดุฑุท ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ
2528
+
2529
+ 633
2530
+ 00:53:27,980 --> 00:53:30,080
2531
+ immunoglobulin
2532
+
2533
+ 634
2534
+ 00:53:36,490 --> 00:53:41,670
2535
+ ุงู„ culture media ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† contain ุงู„ hat medium
2536
+
2537
+ 635
2538
+ 00:53:41,670 --> 00:53:46,030
2539
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ hypo, ุฒู†ุซูŠู†, ุงู…ูŠู†ูˆ, ุจุชุฑูŠู†
2540
+
2541
+ 636
2542
+ 00:53:47,460 --> 00:53:52,720
2543
+ ูุงูŠู…ุฏูŠู†ูˆ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงู… ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ ุจูŠู„ูŠู…ููˆุณุงูŠุช ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุชุณุชุบู„
2544
+
2545
+ 637
2546
+ 00:53:52,720 --> 00:53:58,480
2547
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุชุงูŠุฏ ู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ DNA ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„
2548
+
2549
+ 638
2550
+ 00:53:58,480 --> 00:54:02,460
2551
+ myeloma cell ู„ุง ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ enzyme ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2552
+
2553
+ 639
2554
+ 00:54:02,460 --> 00:54:10,680
2555
+ ุจูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุชุบู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุชุงูŠุฏ ู†ุดูŠุจ ู‡ุงุช to
2556
+
2557
+ 640
2558
+ 00:54:10,680 --> 00:54:15,120
2559
+ grow ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู†ูุญุต ู„ supernatant for antibody
2560
+
2561
+ 641
2562
+ 00:54:15,120 --> 00:54:21,780
2563
+ productionุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ clone of each positive culture
2564
+
2565
+ 642
2566
+ 00:54:21,780 --> 00:54:28,080
2567
+ ูˆ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ุฃูŠู‡ ุตุนุจ ุงู„ culturing ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจู†ูุญุต ุงู„ super
2568
+
2569
+ 643
2570
+ 00:54:28,080 --> 00:54:32,960
2571
+ natant ูˆ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฒูˆุฏ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง ุน๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุจู†ุง ุงู„ุฎุฏูŠุฉ ูˆ
2572
+
2573
+ 644
2574
+ 00:54:32,960 --> 00:54:38,560
2575
+ ู†ุฌุญุช ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุจู†ุฒูˆุฏ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ุจุฒูˆุฏ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ุงู…ุง by
2576
+
2577
+ 645
2578
+ 00:54:39,420 --> 00:54:43,540
2579
+ propagation in vivo ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ู‡ุฎู„ูŠู†ู‡ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ
2580
+
2581
+ 646
2582
+ 00:54:43,540 --> 00:54:48,140
2583
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุชูˆู†ูŠุฑ ูƒุงูุชูŠ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ูุนุงุฑ ูุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชู†ู…ูˆ ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช
2584
+
2585
+ 647
2586
+ 00:54:48,140 --> 00:54:53,380
2587
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูˆุจูŠุนุชุจุฑ culture media ู…ุญุชุฑู… ุฌุฏุง ุงูˆ in
2588
+
2589
+ 648
2590
+ 00:54:53,380 --> 00:54:57,720
2591
+ vitro in subculturing ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง culturing
2592
+
2593
+ 649
2594
+ 00:54:57,720 --> 00:55:02,940
2595
+ ูˆุทุจุนุง ุจุนุฏูŠูƒ ู†ุนู…ู„ harvesting ู„ู„ู…ูˆู†ูˆูƒู„ูˆู† ุงู„ antibody
2596
+
2597
+ 650
2598
+ 00:55:02,940 --> 00:55:08,160
2599
+ ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ูˆ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง subculturing ูˆ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏุงุดุทุจุนุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ
2600
+
2601
+ 651
2602
+ 00:55:08,160 --> 00:55:12,420
2603
+ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆ ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงูŠุดุŸ ุจุชุฏูŠู†ุง clone ูˆ ุงู„ clone ุจุฏู‡
2604
+
2605
+ 652
2606
+ 00:55:12,420 --> 00:55:17,240
2607
+ ูŠุฏูŠู†ุง ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ monoclonal antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2608
+
2609
+ 653
2610
+ 00:55:17,240 --> 00:55:23,080
2611
+ ู‡ูŠ immunized agents ูŠูˆู… ุงูŠ ุงู†ุณุงู† ูŠุชุนุฑุถ ู„ุงู†ุชุฌู†
2612
+
2613
+ 654
2614
+ 00:55:23,080 --> 00:55:26,900
2615
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง many epitopes these
2616
+
2617
+ 655
2618
+ 00:55:26,900 --> 00:55:31,360
2619
+ epitopes will activate many lymphocytes ูˆ ุงู„
2620
+
2621
+ 656
2622
+ 00:55:31,360 --> 00:55:35,180
2623
+ lymphocytes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชู†ุดุท ู‡ุชุฏูŠู†ุง many antibodies
2624
+
2625
+ 657
2626
+ 00:55:35,180 --> 00:55:40,690
2627
+ specific for thedifferent epitopes ู…ุงุดูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ 75
2628
+
2629
+ 658
2630
+ 00:55:40,690 --> 00:55:46,550
2631
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุธู‡ุฑุช ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ monoclonal
2632
+
2633
+ 659
2634
+ 00:55:46,550 --> 00:55:50,250
2635
+ antibody ุจุฏู†ุงุด polyclonal ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ ..
2636
+
2637
+ 660
2638
+ 00:55:50,250 --> 00:55:54,190
2639
+ ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน polyclonal antibody ู„ูƒู† ุธู‡ุฑุช
2640
+
2641
+ 661
2642
+ 00:55:54,190 --> 00:55:57,710
2643
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ monoclonal antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
2644
+
2645
+ 662
2646
+ 00:55:57,710 --> 00:56:02,110
2647
+ more specific ุจุณ ุจุฏู†ุง one antibodyูˆุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงู…
2648
+
2649
+ 663
2650
+ 00:56:02,110 --> 00:56:06,130
2651
+ ุจูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Kolar ูˆ Milstein ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ
2652
+
2653
+ 664
2654
+ 00:56:06,130 --> 00:56:10,610
2655
+ ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† ุทูˆุฑูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ monoclonal antibody
2656
+
2657
+ 665
2658
+ 00:56:10,610 --> 00:56:15,370
2659
+ ูˆุงุฎุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ Nobel Prize ูˆ ุงู„ monoclonal antibody
2660
+
2661
+ 666
2662
+ 00:56:15,370 --> 00:56:17,570
2663
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑุนู†ุฉ homogeneous population ูˆ
2664
+
2665
+ 667
2666
+ 00:56:17,570 --> 00:56:20,530
2667
+ antibody molecule ุทู„ุน ู…ู†ู‡ single antibody
2668
+
2669
+ 668
2670
+ 00:56:20,530 --> 00:56:23,730
2671
+ producing cell ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ in which all antibody are
2672
+
2673
+ 669
2674
+ 00:56:23,730 --> 00:56:24,250
2675
+ identical
2676
+
2677
+ 670
2678
+ 00:56:30,380 --> 00:56:33,980
2679
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุณูŠุฌุงู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒูˆูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ู…ุงู„ูŠุฌู†ุฉ
2680
+
2681
+ 671
2682
+ 00:56:33,980 --> 00:56:38,380
2683
+ ุงู†ุชุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ุณูŠู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู…ูˆุฑุชุงูŠู„ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏู‡ุงุด ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู†ู‡ุง
2684
+
2685
+ 672
2686
+ 00:56:38,380 --> 00:56:43,300
2687
+ ุชู†ุชุฌ ุงูŠ ู…ูŠู†ูˆ ุบู„ูˆุจูŠู„ูŠู† ู…ุงุดูŠ these cells are
2688
+
2689
+ 673
2690
+ 00:56:43,300 --> 00:56:47,060
2691
+ engineered to be deficient ุจูŠุดูŠู„ูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง
2692
+
2693
+ 674
2694
+ 00:56:47,060 --> 00:56:51,460
2695
+ ุงู„hypoxanthin guanine phosphoribosyl transferase
2696
+
2697
+ 675
2698
+ 00:56:51,460 --> 00:56:55,000
2699
+ enzyme ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ it will not survive in a culture
2700
+
2701
+ 676
2702
+ 00:56:56,600 --> 00:57:02,520
2703
+ ุทูˆู„ ู…ุง ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ. These cells are
2704
+
2705
+ 677
2706
+ 00:57:02,520 --> 00:57:08,020
2707
+ infused ูŠุนู†ูŠ hybridized ู…ุน freshly harvested B
2708
+
2709
+ 678
2710
+ 00:57:08,020 --> 00:57:13,060
2711
+ lymphocyte ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู† ูุนู‡ุงุŒ spleen ุชุจุน ูุนุฑ ุนุฑุถู†ุงู‡ุง
2712
+
2713
+ 679
2714
+ 00:57:13,060 --> 00:57:18,160
2715
+ ู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุณุงุจู‚ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ู„ู‡ู… diffusion ูˆ ุงู„
2716
+
2717
+ 680
2718
+ 00:57:18,160 --> 00:57:22,120
2719
+ diffusion ุจุชู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
2720
+
2721
+ 681
2722
+ 00:57:22,120 --> 00:57:25,260
2723
+ polyethylene glycol ุจุชุนู…ู„ .. ุจุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ diffusion
2724
+
2725
+ 682
2726
+ 00:57:26,770 --> 00:57:29,610
2727
+ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุชุฌุนู„ู†ุง ุชู„ุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
2728
+
2729
+ 683
2730
+ 00:57:29,610 --> 00:57:33,910
2731
+ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุงู„ุฅู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ู…ุง ุญุตู„ ู„ู‡ุงุด fusion ุซู… hybrid
2732
+
2733
+ 684
2734
+ 00:57:33,910 --> 00:57:40,010
2735
+ cells ุญุตู„ ู„ู‡ุง fusion ุซู… ุงู„ myeloma
2736
+
2737
+ 685
2738
+ 00:57:40,010 --> 00:57:46,350
2739
+ cell ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุง ุดุงุฑูƒุชุด ููŠ ุงู„ hybridization ู…ุงุดูŠ
2740
+
2741
+ 686
2742
+ 00:57:46,350 --> 00:57:50,210
2743
+ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ู… ูƒู„ู‡ู… ููŠ culture media ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง
2744
+
2745
+ 687
2746
+ 00:57:50,210 --> 00:57:52,890
2747
+ ุงู„ antibody producing cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง
2748
+
2749
+ 688
2750
+ 00:57:52,890 --> 00:57:55,710
2751
+ hypoxanthinุฃูŠ ุฌูˆุงู†ูŠู†
2752
+
2753
+ 689
2754
+ 00:57:55,710 --> 00:57:59,530
2755
+ ููˆุณููˆุฑูŠุงุจูˆุฒูŠู„ูŠุชุฑุงู†ุณููŠุฑูŠุฒูŠูŠู†ุฒุงูŠู† ุณุชู†ุฌุญ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู†
2756
+
2757
+ 690
2758
+ 00:57:59,530 --> 00:58:07,730
2759
+ ู„ู† ูŠู…ูˆุช ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ูŠุฎู„ุต ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุณุชู…ูˆุช ูˆุงู„ุณู„
2760
+
2761
+ 691
2762
+ 00:58:07,730 --> 00:58:12,810
2763
+ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูŠุฌู†ุงู† ู„ุง ูŠู…ู„ูƒ ุงู†ุฒูŠู† ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ู† ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู†
2764
+
2765
+ 692
2766
+ 00:58:12,810 --> 00:58:18,370
2767
+ ุชุตู…ุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ุดุฑ ูุณุชู…ูˆุช ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ุนูŠู†ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
2768
+
2769
+ 693
2770
+ 00:58:18,370 --> 00:58:24,660
2771
+ hybridoma cell ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณู„ ุณุชู†ุฌุญุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ูุญุตู‡ุง
2772
+
2773
+ 694
2774
+ 00:58:24,660 --> 00:58:29,660
2775
+ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ู†ูุญุต ุงู„ supernatant ุชุจุนู‡ุง by ุฃูˆ ุงู„ antibody
2776
+
2777
+ 695
2778
+ 00:58:29,660 --> 00:58:37,820
2779
+ producing ู…ู†ู‡ุง by ELISA technique and those cells
2780
+
2781
+ 696
2782
+ 00:58:37,820 --> 00:58:44,120
2783
+ are cloned ูˆูƒู„ clone ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู†ู‡ุง ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู†
2784
+
2785
+ 697
2786
+ 00:58:44,120 --> 00:58:47,180
2787
+ ุงู„ monoclonal antibody with a single specificity
2788
+
2789
+ 698
2790
+ 00:58:48,410 --> 00:58:51,290
2791
+ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ Monoclonal Antibody ุบุงู„ุจุง ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ
2792
+
2793
+ 699
2794
+ 00:58:51,290 --> 00:58:55,510
2795
+ ุงู„ู€ Diagnostic Technique ูˆูƒู„ ูุนุดุงุทู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ
2796
+
2797
+ 700
2798
+ 00:58:55,510 --> 00:59:00,830
2799
+ ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Monoclonal Antibody ุงู„ู€ agent ูƒู„ู†ุง
2800
+
2801
+ 701
2802
+ 00:59:00,830 --> 00:59:04,330
2803
+ ูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุบุงู„ุจุง ู‡ูŠ Monoclonal
2804
+
2805
+ 702
2806
+ 00:59:04,330 --> 00:59:08,610
2807
+ Antibody ุงู„ุฃุบู„ู‰ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Monoclonal
2808
+
2809
+ 703
2810
+ 00:59:08,610 --> 00:59:10,670
2811
+ Antibody ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ Polycloma ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฏูŠู†ุง cross
2812
+
2813
+ 704
2814
+ 00:59:10,670 --> 00:59:16,770
2815
+ reactivity ูˆู…ุด .. ูˆ non specific ุฃูŠุถุง ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„
2816
+
2817
+ 705
2818
+ 00:59:16,770 --> 00:59:22,890
2819
+ treatmentof cancer ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจูŠุฑุจุทูˆู‡
2820
+
2821
+ 706
2822
+ 00:59:22,890 --> 00:59:26,530
2823
+ ููŠ ุฏูŠุงู„ ุงู„ monoclonal antibody ุงู„ drug ุงูˆ ุงู„ toxin
2824
+
2825
+ 707
2826
+ 00:59:26,530 --> 00:59:30,270
2827
+ ูˆ ุจูŠุญู‚ู†ูˆู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจูŠุถู„ ูŠุฌุฑูŠ ูŠุฌุฑูŠ ูŠุฌุฑูŠ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง
2828
+
2829
+ 708
2830
+ 00:59:30,270 --> 00:59:33,890
2831
+ ูŠุตู„ ุงู„ tumor cell ุงูˆ ุงู„ infected cell ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจูŠู…ุณูƒ
2832
+
2833
+ 709
2834
+ 00:59:33,890 --> 00:59:39,070
2835
+ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆ ุงู„ toxin ุงู„ู…ุฑุจูˆุท ููŠู‡ุง ุงูˆ ุงู„ drug ุจุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2836
+
2837
+ 710
2838
+ 00:59:39,070 --> 00:59:43,210
2839
+ ู‚ุชู„ ู„ู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ targeting therapy
2840
+
2841
+ 711
2842
+ 00:59:43,210 --> 00:59:47,510
2843
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ targeting therapy
2844
+
2845
+ 712
2846
+ 00:59:49,380 --> 00:59:55,480
2847
+ ุจู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุงู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏ
2848
+
2849
+ 713
2850
+ 00:59:55,480 --> 00:59:58,320
2851
+ ุงุณุชูุฏุชู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆ ุดูƒุฑุง
2852
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYQ8nzyth9nyErvTJtUFKlo/FDZuFMrrmm8_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2548 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:02,040 --> 00:00:06,920
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู†ู„ุชู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:06,920 --> 00:00:10,300
7
+ ุจุนู†ูˆุงู† activation and function of T and B cell
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:10,300 --> 00:00:19,060
11
+ ุทุจุนุง activation of T and B cell
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:22,810 --> 00:00:27,750
15
+ ู…ุญุตู„ุชู‡ proliferation and differentiation into an
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:27,750 --> 00:00:31,510
19
+ effector cell and memory cell ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุณู„ู‡ุง
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:31,510 --> 00:00:35,290
23
+ proliferation and differentiation ูˆุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:35,290 --> 00:00:38,430
27
+ ุชุฏูŠู†ุง two types of cell ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ effector ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:38,430 --> 00:00:44,290
31
+ memory cellุงู„ activation of T cell ู…ุญุตู„ุชู‡ุง
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:44,290 --> 00:00:47,730
35
+ secretion of cytokine ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุชุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ T
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:47,730 --> 00:00:52,330
39
+ lymphocyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู„ุงูŠู„ู†ุง cytokine ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:52,330 --> 00:00:56,970
43
+ cytokine ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ activation of B
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:56,970 --> 00:01:01,880
47
+ cell ู…ุญุตู„ุชู‡ุง ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ antibody productionู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:01,880 --> 00:01:07,260
51
+ ุจุชุจูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ุง ูƒูŠู ุจุชุชู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:07,260 --> 00:01:10,980
55
+ response ุงุญู†ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ B ู„ู†ูุณู‡ ุณุงุนุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ D
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:10,980 --> 00:01:25,970
59
+ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ ุณุงุนุฏ ุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุงู†ู‡ู… ู…ุงุชูˆุฑูŠู†ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู… ู‡ูˆู…ูŠู†ุฌ ู‡ู… ู‡ู…
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:25,970 --> 00:01:30,830
63
+ ู‡ู…
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:30,830 --> 00:01:32,550
67
+ ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู…
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:32,550 --> 00:01:33,410
71
+ ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู…
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:33,410 --> 00:01:34,290
75
+ ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู…
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:34,290 --> 00:01:35,670
79
+ ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‡ู…
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:35,670 --> 00:01:37,410
83
+ ู‡ู… ู‡ู…
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:40,890 --> 00:01:46,030
87
+ ุตุงุฏูุช antigen ุนู…ู„ุช ู„ู‡ phagocytosis ุชุนุฑูุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุทุจุนุง
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:46,030 --> 00:01:49,610
91
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ tool like receptor ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ูˆุธุงุฆูู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู†
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:49,610 --> 00:01:56,230
95
+ ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ ูˆุนู…ู„ุช ู„ู‡ phagocytosis ูˆุทุจุนุง ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:56,230 --> 00:02:02,330
99
+ processing ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดุฌูุชู‡ ุทู„ุน ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ MRC class 2
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:02,330 --> 00:02:07,050
103
+ molecule ูˆุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ุตูŠ ุทู„ุน ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„MRC class 2
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:07,050 --> 00:02:13,050
107
+ molecule ุจุตูŠุฑ induction ุฅู„ู‰ B7ูˆ class 2 ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:13,050 --> 00:02:19,150
111
+ ุทุจุนุง once this happen ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ synthesis ู„ IL-12
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:19,150 --> 00:02:24,410
115
+ cytokine and other chemokine ุทุงู„ุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงูŠุด ู…ู† ุงู„
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:24,410 --> 00:02:31,890
119
+ dendritic cell ุชุงุฎุฏ ุจุชุฎุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ lymph
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:31,890 --> 00:02:36,630
123
+ nodes ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ release of this cytokine it
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:36,630 --> 00:02:42,860
127
+ becomes mature dendritic cellุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู†
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:42,860 --> 00:02:48,480
131
+ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู€ T-cell ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุดุฉ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:48,480 --> 00:02:52,280
135
+ Germinal Center ููŠ T-cell area ููŠ ุงู„ู€ lymph nodes
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:52,280 --> 00:02:58,900
139
+ ูˆ ุจุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู€ T ุงู„ุจุฑุณูŠู„ุฉ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุงู„
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:58,900 --> 00:03:06,040
143
+ activation of T lymphocytes Antigen presenting
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:06,040 --> 00:03:09,880
147
+ cellุงู„ู€ Professional Antigen Presenting Cell ู‡ู…ุง
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:09,880 --> 00:03:13,220
151
+ ุงู„ู€ Dendritic Cell ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Macrophage ูˆ ุงู„ู€ B
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:13,220 --> 00:03:19,980
155
+ -Lymphocytes ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู„ุชูƒูˆูŠู†ู‡
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:19,980 --> 00:03:27,280
159
+ ูˆ ูŠู‚ุฏู…ูˆู†ู‡ ูƒูˆุณุชูŠู…ูˆู„ุงุชุฑ ุณูŠุฌู†ุงู„ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุชู‚ุฏูŠู…
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:27,280 --> 00:03:33,760
163
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ูˆ ุชุฒูˆูŠุฏู†ุง ุจุงู„ูƒูˆุณุชูŠู…ูˆู„ุงุชุฑ ุณูŠุฌู†ุงู„ ุณูŠูƒุชูุน ุงู„ู€
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:33,760 --> 00:03:39,780
167
+ Naive T-Lymphocyteุงู„ู€ Dendritic cell can express
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:39,780 --> 00:03:44,700
171
+ high level of MSG a class 2 and class 1 molecule
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:44,700 --> 00:03:50,040
175
+ ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง they are motile they are moving from one
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:50,040 --> 00:03:54,380
179
+ place to another ูˆ ุจูŠุถู„ูˆุง ูŠู…ุดูˆุง ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ูŠุตู„ูˆุง ุงู„
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:54,380 --> 00:03:57,760
183
+ lymph nodes ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ they can interact with the T
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:57,760 --> 00:04:05,130
187
+ lymphocytes ูˆุดูˆูู†ุง ุงู„ figure ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:05,130 --> 00:04:09,610
191
+ ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ interaction of antigen ูˆ ุงู„ dendritic cell
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:09,610 --> 00:04:15,730
195
+ in tissue ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ ูˆ ุฑุงุญุช ุทุจุนุง ุฃุฏู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ maturation
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:15,730 --> 00:04:22,490
199
+ of dendritic cell ูˆ ุฃุฏู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุญุงู…ู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:22,490 --> 00:04:32,950
203
+ ุณุทุญู‡ุงุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุงุชุญุฑูƒุช ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ูˆุตู„ุช ู„ู„ู…ู ู†ูˆุฒ ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:32,950 --> 00:04:39,090
207
+ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ interaction ููŠ ุงู„ figure ุจุฑุถู‡
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:39,090 --> 00:04:42,490
211
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† gram negative ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชุงุฎุฏ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:42,490 --> 00:04:47,290
215
+ by immature dendritic cell ูˆู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ interaction
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:47,290 --> 00:04:51,830
219
+ with tool like receptor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:51,830 --> 00:04:58,200
223
+ dendritic cellุงูƒุชูุงุก ุชูˆู„ูŠูƒุง ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:58,200 --> 00:05:04,160
227
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจูŠุง ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงูƒุชูุงุก ูƒุงู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ innate ูˆ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:04,160 --> 00:05:08,800
231
+ ุงู„ู€ adaptive immunity ุงู„ู€ innate ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:08,800 --> 00:05:13,300
235
+ ุงู„ูุงุฌูˆุณูŠุชูˆุณูŠุฒ ูˆุงู„ู€ adaptive ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ cytokine
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:17,650 --> 00:05:21,290
239
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงูŠุด ู‡ู… ุงู„ tool like receptorุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง they are
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:21,290 --> 00:05:27,210
243
+ considered as part of pattern recognition molecule
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:27,210 --> 00:05:32,570
247
+ pattern recognition molecule ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:32,570 --> 00:05:41,860
251
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุฎู„ุงูŠุงูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ is specific for the
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:41,860 --> 00:05:51,900
255
+ recognition of certain foreign antigen they fit
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:51,900 --> 00:05:56,400
259
+ with a distinct pattern of corresponding base of
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:56,400 --> 00:06:04,330
263
+ pathogen ุจุฑุชุจุชู‡ ุจู‚ุทุนุฉ ุงูˆ ุจุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:04,330 --> 00:06:09,990
267
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ pathogen and they serve as a flag they
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:09,990 --> 00:06:18,510
271
+ are flags alerting ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจูŠุด ุจูŠุตุญุญูˆุง a
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:18,510 --> 00:06:22,750
275
+ responding cell to the presence of innate invading
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:22,750 --> 00:06:30,590
279
+ microorganism ู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠู†ุดุทูˆุง
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:31,730 --> 00:06:38,910
283
+ ุฃูˆ ูŠุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงุณุชู†ูุงุฑ ููŠ ุญุงู„
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:38,910 --> 00:06:45,430
287
+ ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุฃูŠุถุง they facilitate phagocytosis
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:45,430 --> 00:06:48,790
291
+ ู…ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุณ ู…ู† ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:48,790 --> 00:06:52,410
295
+ toll like receptor ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู†ุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ phagocytosis
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:52,410 --> 00:06:56,810
299
+ ู‡ูŠ ุทูˆู„ like ุฑุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุงูƒุชููŠุช phagocytes and tissue
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:56,810 --> 00:07:02,210
303
+ dendritic cell in response to pathogen and they
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:02,210 --> 00:07:05,790
307
+ are large family of receptor ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:05,790 --> 00:07:10,990
311
+ receptor ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… each of which recognizes
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:10,990 --> 00:07:16,230
315
+ specific microbial molecular patternูƒุงู† ู‡ู… ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:16,230 --> 00:07:22,430
319
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Receptor ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ูุงุนู„ุฉ ููŠ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:22,430 --> 00:07:26,950
323
+ ุงู„ innate immunity ูˆูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจูŠุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:26,950 --> 00:07:31,570
327
+ microbial pattern ุฃูˆ ุงู„ molecular pattern ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:31,570 --> 00:07:35,640
331
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงActivation of these cells
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:35,640 --> 00:07:40,580
335
+ facilitates initiation of acquired immune response
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:40,580 --> 00:07:44,520
339
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ Release or production of pro
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:44,520 --> 00:07:51,160
343
+ -inflammatory cytokine ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠูุณุฑ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู†
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:51,160 --> 00:07:54,620
347
+ ุงู„ innate ูˆ ุงู„ acquired immune response
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:57,700 --> 00:08:04,000
351
+ ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ุง ูŠุณู‡ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ phagocytosis ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:04,000 --> 00:08:09,220
355
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† coated with complement ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† optionized
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:09,220 --> 00:08:12,700
359
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ optionized microbe
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:15,250 --> 00:08:19,350
363
+ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ูุงุบูˆุณูŠุชูŠุฒุฉ ูุฑู† ุฃู†ุชุฌูŠู† ูŠุฏูุน
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:19,350 --> 00:08:22,810
367
+ ู„ู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:22,810 --> 00:08:26,750
371
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ูŠุฉ ุชุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:26,750 --> 00:08:34,010
375
+ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูุฑู† ุฃู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ self-antigen ู‡ุฐู‡
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:34,010 --> 00:08:40,130
379
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุตุงุฏุฑุฉ ูˆู„ู†
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:40,130 --> 00:08:47,960
383
+ ุชุฏูุน ู†ูŠูŠู ุชูŠู„ูŠู…ููˆุณุงูŠุชูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจุชูˆุถุญ ุงู„
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:47,960 --> 00:08:52,800
387
+ interaction between molecules on the surface of
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:52,800 --> 00:08:59,500
391
+ both antigen presenting cell and CD4 T helper cell
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:59,500 --> 00:09:05,960
395
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ TCR ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุงู…ุฑ C class 2ูˆุงู„ู€
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:05,960 --> 00:09:10,280
399
+ coreceptor CD4 ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ MHC class 2 sorry
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:10,280 --> 00:09:16,540
403
+ TCR ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ูˆ CD4 ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ MHC class 2 ู‡ูŠ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:16,540 --> 00:09:21,580
407
+ ุงู„ core stimulatory molecule CD8 ุงู„ู€ 28 ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:21,580 --> 00:09:29,700
411
+ B7 ุฃูˆ CTLA4 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ cytotoxic ุงู„ุงู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู†
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:29,700 --> 00:09:37,070
415
+ number 4 ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง can interact with ashู…ุน B7 ูˆุงุญุฏ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:37,070 --> 00:09:40,430
419
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ Stimulatory ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ Inhibitory ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:40,430 --> 00:09:46,310
423
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ CT ุนู„ู‰ A4 ู‡ูˆ Inhibitory ุซู… CD40 ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ B
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:46,310 --> 00:09:52,890
427
+ -Lymphocytes ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ CD40 ู„ุฌู†ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ T ุซู… ุงูˆ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:52,890 --> 00:09:57,540
431
+ ุงุนุชุจุฑู†ุง ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ antigen presenting Bุซู… ุงู„ ICAM-1
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:57,540 --> 00:10:01,960
435
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ CD54 ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุฎุจุฑ ุนู† adhesive molecule
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:10:01,960 --> 00:10:08,280
439
+ ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจ LFA-1 leukocyte or lymphocyte functioning
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:10:08,280 --> 00:10:12,920
443
+ antigen number one ุซู… CD2 ุฎุจุฑ ุนู† ุฃูŠุถุง adhesive
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:10:12,920 --> 00:10:19,130
447
+ molecule ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุชูŠุฑูŠู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจ LFA-1ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:10:19,130 --> 00:10:23,470
451
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ Antigen Presenting Cell ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุฑูˆุงุจุท
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:10:23,470 --> 00:10:28,010
455
+ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ู€ Cell-to-Cell Contact ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑูˆุงุจุท and
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:28,010 --> 00:10:32,430
459
+ activation ู…ุด ุจุณ contact and activation ู‡ุฐู‡
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:32,430 --> 00:10:40,390
463
+ ุงู„ุฑูˆุงุจุท ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑุชุจุท ู†ุดูˆูุชู†ุดูŠุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ T
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:40,390 --> 00:10:44,530
467
+ lymphocyte ุจุชู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† signal ุงู„ first
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:44,530 --> 00:10:47,490
471
+ signal ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ interaction ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ C
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:47,490 --> 00:10:53,150
475
+ class 2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุณูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ ุงู„ peptide ุงู„ antigenic
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:53,150 --> 00:10:59,030
479
+ peptide ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ antigen presenting
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:59,030 --> 00:11:07,640
483
+ cell ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ TCRู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ Variable Alpha ูˆ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:11:07,640 --> 00:11:13,960
487
+ Variable Beta ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆู„ ุฅุฑุชุจุงุท ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุตู ู…ุญุชุงุฌ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:11:13,960 --> 00:11:22,520
491
+ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ูƒุงููŠุง ู„ุฅูŠู‚ุงูู‡ุนุดุงู† ุชู‚ูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ู…ุถุชุนู
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:11:22,520 --> 00:11:27,060
495
+ ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ response to the antigen ู„ุงุจุฏ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:11:27,060 --> 00:11:31,500
499
+ ู…ู† ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ coreceptor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ CD4 ู…ุน ุงู„ MHC
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:11:31,500 --> 00:11:38,920
503
+ class 2 ูˆุจุฑุชุจุท ููŠ ุงู„ constant region of MHC class
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:11:38,920 --> 00:11:45,530
507
+ 2CD4 ูŠุชู… ุชุญุฑูŠุฑู‡ ู…ู†
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:11:45,530 --> 00:11:53,050
511
+ ุงู„ู€ TCR ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ุณูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Antigen ูˆูŠุนู…ู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ู€
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:53,050 --> 00:11:59,470
515
+ MSG Class 2 ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู‘ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ูˆูŠุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ Signal
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:59,470 --> 00:12:05,070
519
+ Transduction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณูŠุญุฏุซ ุงู„ู€
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:12:05,070 --> 00:12:10,430
523
+ Code Stimulatorุงู„ุฑุงุจุทุงุช ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฏุนู†ุง
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:12:10,430 --> 00:12:15,950
527
+ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† co-stimulator pairs or molecule
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:12:15,950 --> 00:12:19,450
531
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ interaction ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€B7 ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:12:19,450 --> 00:12:28,030
535
+ ุงู„ู€antigen presenting cell ู…ุน ุงู„ู€CD28 ุฃูˆ CD40 ุฃูˆ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:12:28,030 --> 00:12:30,370
539
+ ูŠุณู…ูˆู†ู‡ CD152
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:12:33,200 --> 00:12:38,060
543
+ ูˆCD40 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ 154 ู…ุน CD40 ู„ุฌู†ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:12:38,060 --> 00:12:42,160
547
+ ุงู„ุชูŠู„ูŠู†ููˆุณุงูŠุชุฒ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑูˆุงุจุท ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† cost
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:12:42,160 --> 00:12:45,380
551
+ stimulator ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌุฏู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุชู‚ูˆูŠุฉ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:12:45,380 --> 00:12:49,740
555
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุตูŠุฑ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:12:49,740 --> 00:12:54,100
559
+ activation ุทุจุนุง cost stimulator ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ are
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:54,100 --> 00:13:00,440
563
+ required ู…ุงุดูŠ are necessary for activation of
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:13:00,440 --> 00:13:03,850
567
+ naiveCD 40
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:13:06,780 --> 00:13:11,280
571
+ CD40-Ligand Interaction ุจุชุณูˆู‘ุฏ ุงู„ู€ Expression of
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:13:11,280 --> 00:13:15,900
575
+ B7 ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ Antigen Presenting Cell ูˆ ุจุชุณูˆู‘ุฏ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:13:15,900 --> 00:13:22,680
579
+ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ู€ B7 ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ CD28 ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Antigen
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:13:22,680 --> 00:13:26,780
583
+ Presenting Cell ูˆ ุงู„ู€ De-Lymphocyte ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุฑุงุจุทุฉ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:13:26,780 --> 00:13:32,660
587
+ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Adhesion Molecule ูˆุชุชู…ุซู„ ุจุงู„ู€ ICAM-1
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:13:32,660 --> 00:13:40,170
591
+ ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน CD11ACD18 ุฃูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจุงู„ู€ LFA1 ู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุช
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:13:40,170 --> 00:13:43,710
595
+ ุงูˆ ู„ู…ููˆุณุงูŠุช ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† functioning associated
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:13:43,710 --> 00:13:50,510
599
+ antigen ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุชู„ูŠู…ููˆุณุงูŠุช ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ adhesive
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:13:50,510 --> 00:13:55,330
603
+ interaction slow down the movement ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุชู„ุฐู‚ ุชุซุจุช
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:55,330 --> 00:14:01,670
607
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ ูŠูˆู… ุชุซุจุช ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ action is more potent
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:14:05,050 --> 00:14:10,770
611
+ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Immunological Synapse ู‡ูŠ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:14:10,770 --> 00:14:13,910
615
+ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุชุจุงุท ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Antigen Presenting Cell
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:14:13,910 --> 00:14:18,430
619
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ T Cell ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Synapse ุงู„ู€ Synapse
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:14:18,430 --> 00:14:22,050
623
+ ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ู„ุฅุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ุฅุชุตุงู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑุงู„ ุณูŠู„ูˆู„ุงุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนู…ู„
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:14:22,050 --> 00:14:29,050
627
+ ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฅุชุตุงู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑุงู„ ุณูŠู„ูˆู„ุงุฑ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ูŠู†ู‡ูŠ ูˆุชุจู‚ู‰
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:14:29,050 --> 00:14:31,350
631
+ ุดุบุงู„ุฉ ูˆู…ู…ุณูˆู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:14:35,700 --> 00:14:41,760
635
+ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ูุชุฑุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุจุชูˆุตู„ ุงู†ู‡ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุชู…ุงู… ุณุงุนุงุช of
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:14:41,760 --> 00:14:46,760
639
+ contact ู‚ุงู„ ู„ุฃ ุดูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:14:46,760 --> 00:14:51,520
643
+ Lycos ููŠู† ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูˆ ุงู„ cluster ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:14:51,520 --> 00:14:58,640
647
+ cell membrane ุชุจุน T cell is mobilized to the
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:14:58,640 --> 00:15:02,460
651
+ synapse ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑุช and draw with
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:15:02,460 --> 00:15:08,160
655
+ them intracellular signalingุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:15:08,160 --> 00:15:12,040
659
+ Intracellular Signaling ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ู€
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:15:12,040 --> 00:15:17,680
663
+ Intracellular Signaling ูˆ ุชุชุจุนูˆุง ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุดูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:15:17,680 --> 00:15:22,620
667
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Signal ุฌุงุจูˆุง ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ุทุจุนุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ Synapse
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:15:22,620 --> 00:15:28,440
671
+ ูˆ ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุงูˆ ุงู„ู€ cytokine ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:15:28,440 --> 00:15:35,640
675
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจุงู„ู€ Receptor ูุจุจุดุช ุงู„ู€ Receptorูˆู…ุชู…ุง ุงุชู†ุดุท
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:15:35,640 --> 00:15:38,660
679
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุจูŠุซุจุช ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ cell
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:15:38,660 --> 00:15:43,800
683
+ membrane of the ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ GS protein ูˆู‡ุฐุง
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:15:43,800 --> 00:15:46,780
687
+ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ู…ู† Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Tripolip ูˆุจุชุนุฏู‰
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:15:46,780 --> 00:15:52,720
691
+ ุชุดูŠู† ุทุจุนุง ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ู†ุดุงุทู‡ ุดุบู„ุชูŠู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฎุฑูˆุฌ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:15:52,720 --> 00:16:02,880
695
+ ุงู„ GTB ู…ู† ุงู„ GTB GTB ุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ GDP ูˆุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ููŠู‡ GS
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:16:02,880 --> 00:16:08,900
699
+ proteinุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ alpha ู…ู†ู‡
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:16:08,900 --> 00:16:15,900
703
+ ุชุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ air ุจุงู„ GTP ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ beta ูˆ ุงู„ gamma
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:16:15,900 --> 00:16:22,260
707
+ ุจุฑูˆุญูˆุง ูˆ ุจู†ุดุทูˆุง ู†ุฒูŠู… ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ phospholipase C ูˆ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:16:22,260 --> 00:16:26,700
711
+ ุงู„ phospholipase C ุดูˆ ุจุนู…ู„ ุจุนู…ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุญู„ูˆุฉ ุฎุงู„ุต
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:16:26,700 --> 00:16:33,170
715
+ ุจูŠุญูˆู„ ุงู„ูุฑุน five by phosphate in osetolู„ุดุบู„ุชูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:16:33,170 --> 00:16:39,650
719
+ ู‡ูˆ ู„ุฅู†ูˆุงุตูŠุชูˆู„ ุชุฑุงูŠููˆุณููŠุช IB3 ูˆูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุดุท ุงู„
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:16:39,650 --> 00:16:44,670
723
+ diacylglycerol ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุดุท ุดุบู„ุชูŠู† diacylglycerol
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:16:44,670 --> 00:16:49,830
727
+ ูˆุฅู†ูˆุงุตูŠุชูˆู„ ุชุฑุงูŠููˆุณููŠุช ุฏูŠ ุจุณุงุทุฉ ุทู„ู‚ ุฅู†ูˆุงุตูŠุชูˆู„
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:16:49,830 --> 00:16:52,570
731
+ ุชุฑุงูŠููˆุณููŠุช ูŠุฎุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ endoglasmic reticulum ูˆูŠุทู„ุน
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:16:52,570 --> 00:16:59,230
735
+ ุงู„ูƒุงู„ุณูŠูˆู… ู…ู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุทู†ุดูŠุฉ calcium urate ูุจุทู„ุน
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:16:59,230 --> 00:17:05,910
739
+ ุงู„ูƒุงู„ุณูŠูˆู…ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุจุนุง ุจุงุณูŠ ุงู„ glycerol ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:17:05,910 --> 00:17:13,690
743
+ ุงู„ูƒุงู„ุณูŠูˆู… ุจุชู†ุดุท ู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุงุณู…ู‡ protein kinase C ูˆ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:17:13,690 --> 00:17:16,910
747
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงูŠุถุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ protein ู…ุชู‰ ู…ุง ุงุชูƒุฑู† ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:17:16,910 --> 00:17:19,730
751
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ phosphorylation ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† phosphorylated
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:17:19,730 --> 00:17:23,530
755
+ protein ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ catalyst ุจูŠุนู…ู„
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:17:23,530 --> 00:17:28,870
759
+ phosphorylationู„ู€ Cellular Protein ูˆุทุจุนุง ู…ุชู…ุตุงุฑ ููŠ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:17:28,870 --> 00:17:33,030
763
+ Phosphorylation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ Action ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:17:33,030 --> 00:17:38,530
767
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุณูŠูƒ ุจุงู„ุฅูŠุด ุจุงู„ุฑูŠุณูŠุจุชูˆุฑ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุชูุนู„ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:17:38,530 --> 00:17:42,870
771
+ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูƒูŠู†ูŠุณูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:17:42,870 --> 00:17:47,690
775
+ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุชู…ู† ุฎุทูˆุงุช ู…ุชุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ู†ุนูŠุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:17:47,690 --> 00:17:53,260
779
+ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู…ุณูƒ ุจุฑูŠุณูŠุจุชูˆุฑ ุจู†ุดุทู‡ูˆู…ุชู…ุง ุงุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ู€ Receptor ุจูŠู…ุณูƒ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:17:53,260 --> 00:17:57,000
783
+ ุจุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ู€ GAC Protein ููŠ Cell Membrane ู‡ูˆ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:17:57,000 --> 00:18:04,480
787
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Tripeptide-Tripolipeptide Protein ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:18:04,480 --> 00:18:09,440
791
+ ุงุฑุชุจุงุทู‡ ุจุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Receptor ู‡ูˆ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ุงู†ู‡
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:18:09,440 --> 00:18:12,900
795
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ Dissociation ู„ู€ Alpha, Beta, Gamma ุงู„ู€ Alpha
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:18:12,900 --> 00:18:19,550
799
+ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ GTP ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทู„ุนูˆุงู„ู€ Meta ูˆุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:18:19,550 --> 00:18:25,770
803
+ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง ูˆู…ู†ุดุทูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Phospholipase-C ุงู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุงู„
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:18:25,770 --> 00:18:30,650
807
+ Phospholipase-C ุงู†ุฒุงูŠู… ู…ุชู‰ ู…ุง ุงุชูƒูˆู† ุจูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:18:30,650 --> 00:18:36,950
811
+ ูˆู…ู†ุดุทู„ู†ุง ุดุบู„ุชูŠู† ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู† ู„ู†ุง ุงู„-diacylglycerol ูˆ ุงู„
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:18:36,950 --> 00:18:40,310
815
+ -nacitol triphosphate ู„ุฃู† ุงู„-nacitol triphosphate
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:18:40,310 --> 00:18:43,030
819
+ ุจูŠุฎุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ endoplasmic reticulum ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู„ู†ุง
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:18:43,030 --> 00:18:43,770
823
+ ุงู„ูƒุงู„ุณูŠูˆู…
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:18:46,300 --> 00:18:50,260
827
+ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ูƒุงู„ุณูŠูˆู… ุฏุงูŠุงุณูŠู„ูŠูƒู„ูŠุณุฑูˆู„ ุจูŠุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:18:50,260 --> 00:18:55,500
831
+ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูƒูŠู†ุงุณูŠ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูุงุณูุฑุง related ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:18:55,500 --> 00:19:00,460
835
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ูุงุณูุฑุง ู„ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ cellular protein ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:19:00,460 --> 00:19:05,100
839
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ action ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ role of endocytal
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:19:05,100 --> 00:19:10,780
843
+ triphosphate in intracellular signaling ููŠ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:19:10,780 --> 00:19:15,760
847
+ ุงู„ CD4 ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸูƒู€ Intracellular event or
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:19:15,760 --> 00:19:20,100
851
+ signaling ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุงุฑุชุจุท ุงู„ู€
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:19:20,100 --> 00:19:25,260
855
+ TCR ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ Antigenic Peptide ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ุณูˆู‚ุฉ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:19:25,260 --> 00:19:35,320
859
+ ุจุงู„ู€ MHC Molecule ูˆ ุฅุฌุง ุงู„ู€ CD4 ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ุณูƒ ุฃูŠุถุง ุจุงู„ู€
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:19:35,320 --> 00:19:38,990
863
+ MHC MoleculeูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ TCR ู…ุงุณูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Antigenic
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:19:38,990 --> 00:19:43,830
867
+ Peptide ูˆ CD4 ู…ุงุณูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ MSC ู…ู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู† ุทุจุนุง ุฅูŠุด ููŠู‡
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:19:43,830 --> 00:19:49,730
871
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ู€ TCR ูˆ ุงู„ MSC ู…ู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู†ุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ CD3
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:19:49,730 --> 00:19:53,270
875
+ ูˆ Zeta ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง Signal Transduction ุดูˆ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:19:53,270 --> 00:19:58,310
879
+ ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุŸ ุทุจุนุง ู†ุงุดู†ู†ุณุงู† ูˆ CD3 ูˆ Zeta ููŠู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:19:58,310 --> 00:20:03,950
883
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุนุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนุจุฑุง ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ITAM ู…ุงุดูŠ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:20:04,540 --> 00:20:13,400
887
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ molecule ุงู„ูุณูุฑุฉ ุทูŠุจ ุดูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:20:13,400 --> 00:20:18,940
891
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŸ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุซู„ู‡ุง phosphorylation ุนุงุฏุฉ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:20:18,940 --> 00:20:25,910
895
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ LCK ูˆุงู„ูู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุงุฑุจุชุงุจุน
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:20:25,910 --> 00:20:28,550
899
+ ุงู„ sar family ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุงุจุน ุงู„ sar family ุงู„ุชุงู†ู‰
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:20:28,550 --> 00:20:33,050
903
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง phosphorylation ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ ITAM ุจุชู…ุช ูุณูุฑ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:20:33,050 --> 00:20:36,710
907
+ ูˆุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠูุณูุฑูˆุง ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ phosphorylation ุงูˆ ITAM
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:20:36,710 --> 00:20:47,310
911
+ ุจูŠุดูƒู„ ู…ุฑุณุงุฉ ุจูŠุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุจุชู†ุดุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ู‰
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:20:47,310 --> 00:20:53,360
915
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฒุนุจ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ูˆุฒูŠ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ู…ุชู…ุช ูุณูุฑ ุจุฑูˆุญู‡ ู‡ูˆ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:20:53,360 --> 00:20:57,740
919
+ ุจู†ุดุทู„ู†ุง adaptor ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ adaptor ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุฅุฐุง
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:20:57,740 --> 00:21:02,240
923
+ ุงุชู†ุดุท ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจู†ุดุทู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ phosphate ู„ูŠู†ูˆุณูŠุชูˆู„
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:21:02,240 --> 00:21:08,600
927
+ ุจูŠ ููˆุณููŠุช ู‡ูˆ ูŠุจุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููˆุณููˆ ุจู†ุดุท ุงู„ููˆุณููˆู„
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:21:08,600 --> 00:21:14,470
931
+ Ibz2ููŠุฒูˆู„ุงูŠ ุจุงุณ C ุณูˆุฑูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ูŠู†ุดุทู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุฑุงุณ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:21:14,470 --> 00:21:18,650
935
+ ูˆุงู„ุฑุงูƒ ูˆูŠูƒูˆู‘ู†ู‡ ุชุฑุงูŠููˆุณููŠุช ูˆุถุงูŠุง ุณูŠู„ูŠู†ูƒู„ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุฏ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:21:18,650 --> 00:21:22,770
939
+ ูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุชู†ุดุทู„ู†ุง transcriptional factor ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:21:22,770 --> 00:21:35,380
943
+ ูˆู‡ุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ู ูƒูƒุนุจุฉ B ูˆAT ูˆAB1ูˆ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุฎุดูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:21:35,380 --> 00:21:39,320
947
+ DNA ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ nucleus ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:21:39,320 --> 00:21:46,080
951
+ transcription ู„ cytokine ูˆ cytokine ุงูŠู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠู†
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:21:46,080 --> 00:21:49,080
955
+ ุฃุดุทุฉ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ู„ู†ุง cytokine ูˆ cytokine
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:21:49,080 --> 00:21:54,220
959
+ receptorู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุชุณู„ุณู„ ุงู„ุฃุญุฏุงุซ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ CD4
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:21:54,220 --> 00:21:58,760
963
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ููŠู‡ ุชู†ุดูŠุท ุงู„ุชู†ุดูŠุท ูŠุชุจุน
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:21:58,760 --> 00:22:02,100
967
+ ูุงุณูุฑุง ูˆุงู„ูุงุณูุฑุง ุจุชู†ุดุท adaptor ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูˆุงู„
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:22:02,100 --> 00:22:05,660
971
+ adaptor ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุจุชู†ุดุทู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ุฒู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชูˆุดุฑ ุงุญู†ุง
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:22:05,660 --> 00:22:10,110
975
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ inositol ูˆ ุงู„ biphosphateactivation ุทุจุนุง
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:22:10,110 --> 00:22:14,050
979
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุชุจุน ูˆ ุชู†ุดูŠุท ู„ phospholipase enzyme ูˆ ุงู„
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:22:14,050 --> 00:22:18,330
983
+ phospholipase enzyme ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ู†ุดุงุทู‡ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:22:18,330 --> 00:22:21,250
987
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ biphosphate ูˆ ุจูŠุญูˆู„ู‡ ู„ triphosphate ูˆ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:22:21,250 --> 00:22:25,450
991
+ diacylglycerol ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ activation ู„
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:22:25,450 --> 00:22:29,010
995
+ transcriptional factor ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ nucleus ุจุชู†ุดุท
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:22:29,010 --> 00:22:32,450
999
+ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ cytokine ูˆ ุงู„
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:22:32,450 --> 00:22:33,370
1003
+ cytokine receptor
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:22:36,440 --> 00:22:40,240
1007
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ูŠ ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ binding of a C class
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:22:40,240 --> 00:22:48,480
1011
+ 2 molecule ู…ุน ุงู„ TCR ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจูŠู†ู‚ู„ู†ุง signal ุทุจุนุง ู…ู†
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:22:48,480 --> 00:22:56,180
1015
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจ Zeta CD3 and Zeta molecule ูˆุทุจุนุง
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:22:56,180 --> 00:23:00,600
1019
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู† ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ signal can cross the
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:23:00,600 --> 00:23:05,170
1023
+ membraneูˆุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู…ุจุฑูŠู† ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู…ุง aggregation
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:23:05,170 --> 00:23:14,630
1027
+ ู„ู„ ุงู„ TCR ู…ู† ุฌูˆุง ุงูˆ conformational changes ููŠ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:23:14,630 --> 00:23:20,970
1031
+ Transmembrane region of TCR ู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ุดูƒู„ู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุชู†ุดุท
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:23:20,970 --> 00:23:26,490
1035
+ ุชูŠุฑูˆุฒูŠู† ูƒุงูŠู†ูŠุฒ system ูˆูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุถูŠู phosphate group
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:23:26,490 --> 00:23:31,990
1039
+ ู„ู„ ุชูŠุฑูˆุฒูŠู† molecule ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุทุจุนุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:23:31,990 --> 00:23:38,290
1043
+ ุชุงุฑูŠุฒ ุงู„ูƒู†ูŠุฒ associated with CD3Z ู‡ูˆ ู…ุจุงุฑุญุฉ ุนู†
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:23:38,290 --> 00:23:47,690
1047
+ ุงู„ูู† ูˆ ุงู„ SRC ุทุจุนุง
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:23:47,690 --> 00:23:53,730
1051
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ LCK ุชุงุจุนุฉ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:23:53,730 --> 00:24:01,060
1055
+ ู„ู„ ุณุงุฑูƒ family ูˆ ุงู„ูู† ุชุงุจุน ู„ู„ ุณุงุฑุณ familyู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู…ุง
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:24:01,060 --> 00:24:07,360
1059
+ ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ุจุชู†ุดุทูˆุง ูˆุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง clustering ุทุจุนุง ุจู†ุดุทูˆุง
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:24:07,360 --> 00:24:13,920
1063
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ ITM region ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู†ู‡ู… phosphorylation
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:24:14,610 --> 00:24:19,370
1067
+ ูˆุทุจุนุง ู…ุง ุชู…ุช ูุณูุฑู‡ ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠู…ุซู„ูˆุง ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุจูŠุชู†ุดุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:24:19,370 --> 00:24:26,030
1071
+ another tyrosine ูƒูŠู†ูŠุณุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ZAP 70 ูˆ ZAP 70 ุฃูŠุถุง
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:24:26,030 --> 00:24:30,130
1075
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ phosphorylation ู„ adaptor ุจู„ูˆุชูŠู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:24:30,130 --> 00:24:35,710
1079
+ ุงู„ู„ุงุช ุงู„ SLP 76 ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ cell membrane ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:24:35,710 --> 00:24:40,390
1083
+ complex ุจูŠุนู…ู„ signal transduction ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:24:40,390 --> 00:24:45,070
1087
+ immunological synapseุงู„ุงู† ุดูˆ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:24:45,070 --> 00:24:48,310
1091
+ intracellular signalingุŸ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ุฃ ุฏู‡ ุงุชุฑ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:24:48,310 --> 00:24:52,370
1095
+ ู…ุงุชู… ุงุชู†ุดุท ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ activate intracellular
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:24:52,370 --> 00:24:56,510
1099
+ signaling ูƒูŠูุŸ ุฌุงู„ูˆ they bind with phospholipase-C
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:24:56,510 --> 00:25:00,150
1103
+ ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง phosphorylation ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:25:00,150 --> 00:25:07,470
1107
+ phosphorylation ุจุงู„ุฐุงุจู‚ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุญูˆู„
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:25:07,470 --> 00:25:19,540
1111
+ ุงู„ููˆุณูุฉ ุฏูŠ ุจูŠ ููˆุณููŠุชุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Diacylglycerol ูˆุทุจุนุง
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:25:19,540 --> 00:25:23,180
1115
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุดุฑ ุงู„ู€ transcriptional factor ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ NF
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:25:23,180 --> 00:25:31,620
1119
+ -Kappa-B ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ู€ ITAM ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† immune
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:25:31,620 --> 00:25:39,980
1123
+ receptor thyrosine based activation motif ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:25:39,980 --> 00:25:47,800
1127
+ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸู„ู€ ITAM Immunoreceptor Tyrosine Based
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:25:47,800 --> 00:25:54,520
1131
+ Activation Motif ุทุจุนุง
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:25:54,520 --> 00:25:58,220
1135
+ ุฏูŠ ุณู‡ู„ ุทุจุนุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ู†ูุณ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:25:58,220 --> 00:26:02,740
1139
+ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชู†ุดูŠุท ู„ู€ Triphosphate ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:26:02,740 --> 00:26:06,560
1143
+ ุจุชุฎุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Endoplasmic reticulum ูˆ ุจุชู†ุดูŠุท ุงู„ู€
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:26:06,560 --> 00:26:09,720
1147
+ Calcineurinูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู†ุดุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ another
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:26:09,720 --> 00:26:14,680
1151
+ transcriptional factor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ NFAT ูุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:26:14,680 --> 00:26:18,080
1155
+ two transcriptional factors ุจุชู†ุดุท ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู…
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:26:18,080 --> 00:26:24,800
1159
+ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุญุงู„๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ transplantation ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:26:24,800 --> 00:26:30,100
1163
+ ุฏูˆุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Cyclosporin A ุจูŠุนู…ู„ inhibit ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:26:30,100 --> 00:26:33,720
1167
+ graft rejection ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู†ู‡ ุจุชุจุท ุจุงู„calcium
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:26:33,720 --> 00:26:37,720
1171
+ urineู…ุดูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ endoplasmic reticulum
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:26:37,720 --> 00:26:46,960
1175
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠูˆู‚ู ู†ุดุงุท ุช ุณู„ู‚ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด graph
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:26:46,960 --> 00:26:52,680
1179
+ rejection ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฃุฎุฑ ุงู„ graph rejection ุงู„ุฑุงุณ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:26:52,680 --> 00:26:56,860
1183
+ ูˆุงู„ุฑุงูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชูˆุงูƒู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ู‡ู… ุจูŠุฑุน ู†ุฌูˆุงู†ูŠุฒูŠู† ูŠูƒู„ูŠูˆุชุง
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:26:56,860 --> 00:27:00,680
1187
+ ุงุชุจุงูŠู†ุฒูŠู† ุจู„ูˆุชูŠู† ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฌุงู„ู‡ ุจู†ุดุทู‡ ุณุงูŠุชูˆ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:27:00,680 --> 00:27:06,790
1191
+ ุจู„ุงุฒู…ูŠูƒ ูƒุงุณูƒูŠุช ุงูˆ ู…ูŠุชุฑุฌู†ูŠูˆู… ุงุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ู…ุนุงู‡ ุจูƒุงูŠู†ูŠุฒ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:27:06,790 --> 00:27:09,810
1195
+ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุชู†ุดูŠุท ู„ุชู‚ูˆู‰
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:27:09,810 --> 00:27:12,770
1199
+ transcription of another transcriptional factor
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:27:12,770 --> 00:27:17,050
1203
+ ุณู…ูˆู‡ AB1 ุตุงุฑ ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ transcriptional factor
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:27:17,050 --> 00:27:22,270
1207
+ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจูŠู†ุดุทูˆุง ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:27:22,270 --> 00:27:26,590
1211
+ ุงูˆู„ุง ุจุชูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชุทู„ุนู†ุง IL-2 ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† cytokine
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:27:26,590 --> 00:27:30,370
1215
+ ูˆุฏู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† growth factor ุงู„ู‡ูˆ receptor ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:27:30,370 --> 00:27:34,210
1219
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุงุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ T-Lymphocyte ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:27:34,210 --> 00:27:38,710
1223
+ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู†ุดุงุทู‡ุง ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ุดุท ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู†
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:27:38,710 --> 00:27:42,150
1227
+ ุงู„ู€ T-Lymphocyte ูŠุนู†ูŠ can act on the same cell or
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:27:42,150 --> 00:27:46,250
1231
+ different cell ุงูˆ on different cell ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:27:46,250 --> 00:27:53,610
1235
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุตุงุฑ ุชู†ุดุทุช ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุชู†ุดุทุช ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:27:53,610 --> 00:27:58,310
1239
+ ุนู† ุชุตู†ูŠุญ IL-2 ููŠ IL-2 ุจูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง ูˆู…ู†ุดุท ู„ูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:27:58,310 --> 00:28:03,690
1243
+ ุดุบุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ CD25ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† IL-2 ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ูˆู‡ุฐุง
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:28:03,690 --> 00:28:09,510
1247
+ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ู…ู† polypeptide chain ูุจุฑูˆุญูˆุง ูŠุตูุทูˆู‡ ู…ุชู‰
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:28:09,510 --> 00:28:14,090
1251
+ ู…ุชุตูุทูˆุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ proliferation ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุฏู‡ ูˆุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:28:14,090 --> 00:28:18,430
1255
+ clonal expansion
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:28:20,910 --> 00:28:24,390
1259
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุทุฑู‚ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุชู†ุดูŠุท ุชู„ูŠู…ููˆุณุงูŠุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:28:24,390 --> 00:28:26,950
1263
+ super antigen ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ super antigen ูƒุงู† ุงูƒุชูุช
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:28:26,950 --> 00:28:31,170
1267
+ ุฏู‡ cell directly ู…ู† ุจุฑุง ู„ุจุฑุง ุจุฎู„ุงู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุทู‡ ู…ู† ุจุฑุง
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:28:31,170 --> 00:28:37,050
1271
+ ู„ุจุฑุง ุจุงู„ MHC ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ู…ูŠุชูˆุฌูŠู† another activator ุฒูŠ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:28:37,050 --> 00:28:41,810
1275
+ ุงู„ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูƒุงูุฑูŠู† ูˆุงู„ููŠุชูˆู‡ูŠู…ุงุฌู„ูˆุชูŠู†ูŠู† ูˆูƒูˆูŠุฏ ู…ูŠุชูˆุฌูŠู†
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:28:41,810 --> 00:28:46,510
1279
+ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠุดุŸ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู„ูƒุชู† ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ุงูŠุถุง
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:28:46,510 --> 00:28:49,790
1283
+ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง as mitogen ู„ุชู„ูŠู…ููˆุณุงูŠุช
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:28:51,390 --> 00:28:55,710
1287
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชู„ุชุฉ ุงู†ุชูŠ CD3 ุงู†ุชูŠ ุจุงุฏูŠ ุฃูŠุถุง ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ CD3
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:28:55,710 --> 00:28:59,850
1291
+ ุจุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠ ุจุงุฏูŠ ุจุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠ ุฏูˆุช ุชุจุนู‡ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:28:59,850 --> 00:29:03,630
1295
+ activation of T lymphocyte ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ T lymphocyte
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:29:03,630 --> 00:29:11,270
1299
+ ุงูƒู… subset ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ูŠุงู„ู‡ CD4 can be activated
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:29:11,270 --> 00:29:15,330
1303
+ into four different subset four different subset
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:29:15,330 --> 00:29:19,250
1307
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ CD4 positive
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:29:21,160 --> 00:29:28,720
1311
+ ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุน ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุจุงุนุชุจุงุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:29:28,720 --> 00:29:32,920
1315
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:29:32,920 --> 00:29:33,820
1319
+ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:29:33,820 --> 00:29:34,560
1323
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:29:34,560 --> 00:29:35,140
1327
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:29:35,140 --> 00:29:35,200
1331
+ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:29:35,200 --> 00:29:38,560
1335
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:29:38,560 --> 00:29:42,760
1339
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:29:42,760 --> 00:29:48,400
1343
+ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:29:48,970 --> 00:29:52,970
1347
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูุชูŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูุฑุฒู†ุง gamma interferon
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:29:52,970 --> 00:29:59,630
1351
+ ูˆ IL-2 ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู†ุดุทู„ู†ุง macrophage ุฃู†ูƒุณูŠ ุงู„ CDA
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:29:59,630 --> 00:30:04,390
1355
+ ุชูŠู„ูŠู†ูุณุงูŠุฒ ูˆุจุนุฏ ู…ุฑุงุช ุจุชุทู„ุน ุชุดุชุฑุน ุงู„ B-Lymphocyte
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:30:04,390 --> 00:30:09,990
1359
+ ุชุทู„ุน ูู‚ุท IGG3 ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุดูˆ ุงู„ major
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:30:09,990 --> 00:30:14,030
1363
+ effect of functionุŸ ุทุจุนุง cell mediated immunity
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:30:14,030 --> 00:30:17,430
1367
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุจู†ู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ virus ูˆ ุงู„ bacterial
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:30:18,470 --> 00:30:25,650
1371
+ Infected Hossel ูŠุนู†ูŠ Intra Cellular Organism ูƒู…ุงู†
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:30:25,650 --> 00:30:31,750
1375
+ CD4 ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู‰ T ุงู„ุจุฑุทูˆู… ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชูุฑุฒ ู„ู†ุง IL-4
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:30:31,750 --> 00:30:38,630
1379
+ IL-5 IL-13 ูˆุทุจุนุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ a
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:30:38,630 --> 00:30:43,950
1383
+ -xenophil ูˆ ุงู„ b-cell a-xenophil ุนุดุงู† ุชู‚ุชู„ ุงูŠุด ุงู„
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:30:43,950 --> 00:30:49,730
1387
+ worms ูˆ ุงู„ B lymphocytesุจุชุทู„ุนู†ุง Antibody ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:30:49,730 --> 00:30:57,870
1391
+ IgE ูˆ IgG4 ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ุงู„ IgE for ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฑุฌูŠู† ูˆ IgG4 ุฃูŠุถุงู‹
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:30:57,870 --> 00:31:04,730
1395
+ for antiparasitic infection T-Helper-17 another
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:31:04,730 --> 00:31:12,170
1399
+ subset of CD4 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุนู†ุง IL-17 ูˆ IL-22ูˆ ุทุจุนุงู‹
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:31:12,170 --> 00:31:15,030
1403
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุดุชู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑุงููŠู„ ูˆ Epithelial cell ูˆ ุฏูŠ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:31:15,030 --> 00:31:20,910
1407
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Pro-inflammatory cell ุงู„ response ุชุจุนู‡ุง
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:31:20,910 --> 00:31:25,250
1411
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ูู†ุฌุงูŠ ูˆ ู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ Extracellular
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:31:25,250 --> 00:31:33,250
1415
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ CD4 ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Treg ูˆ Treg
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:31:33,250 --> 00:31:36,910
1419
+ ู…ู† ุงุณู…ู‡ุง reg ูŠุนู†ูŠ regulatory ุจุชุดุชู„ ุนู„ู‰ other
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:31:36,910 --> 00:31:42,300
1423
+ lymphocytes ูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ู… inhibitionูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุชูˆู‚ู ุดุบู„ู‡ ู…ู†
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:31:42,300 --> 00:31:45,600
1427
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุงู„ู€ Transform Growth
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:31:45,600 --> 00:31:50,280
1431
+ Factor Beta-Cytokine ูˆุงู„ู€ IL-10 ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:31:50,280 --> 00:31:53,140
1435
+ Inhibition ู„ู„ู€ Function of Other Sets of T
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:31:53,140 --> 00:31:57,460
1439
+ -Lymphocytes and Non-T-Lymphocytes ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง four
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:31:57,460 --> 00:32:03,380
1443
+ subset of CD4 ุทุจุนุง
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:32:03,380 --> 00:32:05,800
1447
+ ุงู„ู€ T-Lipar ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆT-Lipar ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุจุนุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ู…
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:32:05,800 --> 00:32:12,240
1451
+ ุฌุงูŠูŠู† ู…ู† T-Lipar Mode ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:32:12,240 --> 00:32:16,720
1455
+ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑุช ูˆุงุญุฏ synthesis IL-2 ูˆ Gamma Interferon ูˆ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:32:16,720 --> 00:32:19,420
1459
+ tumor necrosis factor beta ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ lymphotoxin
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:32:19,420 --> 00:32:24,320
1463
+ ูˆ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑุช ูˆุงุญุฏ cytokine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงูŠุถุง
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:32:24,320 --> 00:32:28,360
1467
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง cell mediated immunity ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจู†ุดุชู‡ CD8
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:32:28,360 --> 00:32:35,300
1471
+ ูˆ NK cell and macrophage ุทุจ what about ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑุช
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:32:35,300 --> 00:32:42,310
1475
+ twoุŸุงู„ุฎูŠุต ูŠุชุทู„ุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ IL-4, IL-5 ูˆ IL-13. ุทุจุนุงู‹
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:32:42,310 --> 00:32:48,450
1479
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณุชุดุบู‘ู„ ุจูŠุณู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชุบูŠุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ IGE ูˆ IGE-4
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:32:48,450 --> 00:32:54,110
1483
+ ูˆููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ IL-5 ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุดุบู‘ู„ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฒูŠู†ูˆููŠู„.
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:32:54,590 --> 00:32:59,650
1487
+ ูุงู„ุฎูŠุต ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุนุฏ ุชู„ู‚ูŠุงุŸ Virus and
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:32:59,650 --> 00:33:06,760
1491
+ Bacteriaุจุชุญุจุฒ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงูˆ ุชู†ุดูŠุท ุงูˆ ุชุญููŠุฒ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:33:06,760 --> 00:33:12,960
1495
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุงู„ูŠุฑุฌูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุจุฑุงุณุงูŠุชุฒ ุจุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ 2
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:33:12,960 --> 00:33:18,420
1499
+ ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุงู„ุน ู…ู† ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุด
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:33:18,420 --> 00:33:23,280
1503
+ ู„ูู†ูƒุดู† ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ 2 ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุงู„ุน ู…ู† ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ 2 ุชุนู…ู„
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:33:23,280 --> 00:33:33,330
1507
+ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุด ู„ูŠุด ู„ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ 1T-L-B-R-17 ุณุจุณูŠุท ุชุทู„ุนู†ุง ุขูŠุงู„
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:33:33,330 --> 00:33:37,790
1511
+ 17 family cytokine ูˆุฏู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† pro-inflammatory
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:33:37,790 --> 00:33:43,990
1515
+ cytokine ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ different cell types ุฃูŠุถุง they
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:33:43,990 --> 00:33:49,870
1519
+ respond to fungi and some extracellular bacteria T
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:33:49,870 --> 00:33:55,410
1523
+ ring ุฃุฎุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชุนู…ู„ inhibition ู„other cell
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:33:55,410 --> 00:33:56,750
1527
+ function
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:34:00,160 --> 00:34:08,000
1531
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅุฏุนู‰ ุจู€ Cell-to-Cell Contact ุฃูˆ ุจู€
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:34:08,000 --> 00:34:10,600
1535
+ Synthesis of Certain Inhibitory Cytokines ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:34:10,600 --> 00:34:15,020
1539
+ Transforming Growth Factor Beta ูˆ IL-10 ุงู„ู€
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:34:15,020 --> 00:34:22,160
1543
+ Cytokine ูŠุฏูุน ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ CD4 T
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:34:22,160 --> 00:34:26,740
1547
+ Cell ูƒู…ุง ุฑุฃูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฌุงุฑุฉ ูƒู…ุง ุณู†ุฑู‰ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:34:27,150 --> 00:34:32,010
1551
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู† ูŠู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ site ุงู„ CD4 ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:34:32,010 --> 00:34:39,550
1555
+ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุทู„ุน ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ cytokine ูุฒูŠ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:34:39,550 --> 00:34:44,310
1559
+ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฏู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ CD4
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:34:44,310 --> 00:34:48,230
1563
+ ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง T helper node ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ IL-12 sorry
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:34:48,230 --> 00:34:52,830
1567
+ ุจุชุชู…ุดุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ T helper one ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ IL-4
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:34:52,830 --> 00:34:56,290
1571
+ ุจุชุชู…ุดุท T helper twoููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ Transform Growth
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:34:56,290 --> 00:35:00,110
1575
+ Factor Beta ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุขูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุชุทู„ุน
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:35:00,110 --> 00:35:05,590
1579
+ ุชู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ ุณุจู†ุชูŠู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ Transform Growth Factor
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:35:05,590 --> 00:35:07,910
1583
+ Beta alone ุชุทู„ุน ุชู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ ุณุจู†ุชูŠู† ุชุทู„ุน ุชู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ ุณุจู†ุชูŠู†
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:35:07,910 --> 00:35:22,590
1587
+ ุชุทู„ุน ุชู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ ุณุจู†ุชูŠู† ุชุทู„ุน ุชู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ ุณุจู†ุชูŠู†
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:35:23,630 --> 00:35:30,390
1591
+ T117 ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู„ุงู† ู…ุง ู„ู… ุชุณุฌู„ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจูˆุชุฑูŠ ุงูƒุดู† ู„ู‡ุง
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:35:30,390 --> 00:35:35,610
1595
+ ุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ truth factor ุจูŠุชุง ุจุนู…ู„ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุด ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ other
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:35:35,610 --> 00:35:42,850
1599
+ T lymphocytes cytokine synthesized by cells of
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:35:42,850 --> 00:35:48,310
1603
+ innate immune response immuneThis will influence
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:35:48,310 --> 00:35:52,350
1607
+ the differentiation to specific subset of CD4 ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:35:52,350 --> 00:35:55,690
1611
+ ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทู„ุนุช ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃูˆู„ุง ุดูˆูู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู†
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:35:55,690 --> 00:36:02,730
1615
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ innate immune cell ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ูŠุญุฏุฏ
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:36:02,730 --> 00:36:10,090
1619
+ ู†ูˆุน CD4 subset ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุฎุตูˆุตุง
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:36:11,200 --> 00:36:15,000
1623
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ immune cell ุงู„ู€ innate immune cell ุฒูŠ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:36:15,000 --> 00:36:18,400
1627
+ ุงู„ู€dendritic cell ู†ุฎุต ุจุงู„ุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€dendritic
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:36:18,400 --> 00:36:21,820
1631
+ cellุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:36:21,820 --> 00:36:29,280
1635
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:36:29,280 --> 00:36:32,280
1639
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:36:32,280 --> 00:36:33,200
1643
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:36:33,200 --> 00:36:34,900
1647
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:36:34,900 --> 00:36:38,180
1651
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:36:38,180 --> 00:36:40,000
1655
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:36:40,000 --> 00:36:41,400
1659
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:36:41,400 --> 00:36:44,000
1663
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:36:44,000 --> 00:36:47,080
1667
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:36:47,080 --> 00:36:49,480
1671
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:36:49,480 --> 00:36:53,590
1675
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงู…ุงุดูŠ ุจุงู„ third signal ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง two signal
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:36:53,590 --> 00:36:58,210
1679
+ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดุฑุฉ ุงู„ T cell ูˆ ุงู„ role of cytokine ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:36:58,210 --> 00:37:04,590
1683
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ third signal ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู„ุนุจ
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:37:04,590 --> 00:37:16,230
1687
+ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ in addition to signal ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุทุจุนุง
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:37:16,230 --> 00:37:21,430
1691
+ ููŠ cooperation between T ูˆ Bุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ูƒู… ุจุฏู‰ ุนุฑููˆุง ุงู†
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:37:21,430 --> 00:37:25,370
1695
+ ุงู„ T cell ูƒุงู† ุงู„ B cell sorry can act as antigen
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:37:25,370 --> 00:37:31,050
1699
+ presenting cell ู‡ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญุฉ PCR ู…ุณูƒ ููŠ antigen
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:37:31,050 --> 00:37:36,590
1703
+ ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ ูˆุนู…ู„ุช ู„ู‡ processing ูˆุทู„ุนุชู‡ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจAMSG class
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:37:36,590 --> 00:37:42,610
1707
+ 2 ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญุฉ ุฃุฏุงูŠุฉ this ูƒุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:37:42,610 --> 00:37:50,150
1711
+ this cell ูƒุงู† traffic ู…ุงุดูŠto ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ T cell area
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:37:50,150 --> 00:37:54,770
1715
+ ูˆุจุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ antigen ู„ CD4 T lymphocyte ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:37:54,770 --> 00:37:59,650
1719
+ cooperation ู‡ูˆ cooperation between T and B
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:37:59,650 --> 00:38:05,310
1723
+ lymphocytes ูˆู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ response ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:38:05,310 --> 00:38:10,350
1727
+ response ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ T dependent antigen
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:38:10,350 --> 00:38:12,430
1731
+ ููŠ ุฃู†ู‡ุง antigen
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:38:19,960 --> 00:38:25,620
1735
+ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุจูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชุนุฑูุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ T-lymphocyte
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:38:25,620 --> 00:38:32,980
1739
+ ูˆุจูŠุนุชุจุฑ T cell antigen ุฃูŠู‡ ุงุชุงุฎุฏ ูˆู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ processing
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:38:32,980 --> 00:38:36,620
1743
+ by antigen presenting cell ูˆุงุชู‚ุฏู… ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู€ T
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:38:36,620 --> 00:38:43,980
1747
+ -helper cell ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ Epitope C ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:38:43,980 --> 00:38:49,290
1751
+ is specific for B lymphocyteู…ุงุดูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ new
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:38:49,290 --> 00:38:52,210
1755
+ response ุจุณ ุดุฑุท ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุงู† ุงู„ two epitopes ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:38:52,210 --> 00:38:58,290
1759
+ the same antigen ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุชู†ุดุท ูˆ ุจุชู†ุดุท ู„ู„
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:38:58,290 --> 00:39:04,030
1763
+ feeling for sides ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน antibody ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆ
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:39:04,030 --> 00:39:13,030
1767
+ ุจุชุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ antigen ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจู†ุฐูƒุฑูƒูˆุง ุจุงู„ co ุงู„
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:39:13,030 --> 00:39:17,720
1771
+ interaction between ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆุงู„ู€ T-cell ูˆ ุงู„ู€ B-cell
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:39:17,720 --> 00:39:22,640
1775
+ ูƒู„
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:39:22,640 --> 00:39:26,600
1779
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Thymus ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุชู‡ูˆ
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:39:26,600 --> 00:39:32,200
1783
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดุฑุญู†ุงู‡ Thymus dependent antigen ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆุง
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:39:32,200 --> 00:39:38,620
1787
+ ุงู„ู€ CD4 T-cell ู„ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุนุงูˆู† ู…ุน ุงู„ู€
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:39:38,620 --> 00:39:42,920
1791
+ B-cell ู„ุชู†ุณูŠู‚ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ T dependent
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:39:42,920 --> 00:39:47,850
1795
+ antigen ุฃูˆT-dependent immune response ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:39:47,850 --> 00:39:52,090
1799
+ ููŠ cooperation ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€B ูˆุงู„ู€T-Lymphocytes ู„ูŠุดุŸ
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:39:52,090 --> 00:39:56,170
1803
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€T-Helper Cell ููŠ ุชู†ุดูŠุท ุงู„ู€B
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:39:56,170 --> 00:40:02,810
1807
+ -Lymphocyte ููŠ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู€Antibody The set of CD4
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:40:02,810 --> 00:40:08,130
1811
+ cell that participate in antibody response ุจุชุณู…ู‰
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:40:08,130 --> 00:40:15,060
1815
+ as Helper T-Lymphocytes ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู€CD4ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:40:15,060 --> 00:40:19,380
1819
+ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู€ antibody ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง T helper cell ุทุจุนุง T ูˆ
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:40:19,380 --> 00:40:22,520
1823
+ B cell must be specific for a particular antigen
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:40:22,520 --> 00:40:26,560
1827
+ ูˆุงู„ุงุจูŠุชูˆุจ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ must be part of the same
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:40:26,560 --> 00:40:32,100
1831
+ protein sequence T
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:40:32,100 --> 00:40:34,400
1835
+ helper cell and B cell may respond to different
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:40:34,400 --> 00:40:39,780
1839
+ epitope in the antigen ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ T helper cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:40:39,780 --> 00:40:44,360
1843
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ู„ internal epitopeุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุชู… ุฅุฌุฑุงุกู‡ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:40:44,360 --> 00:40:44,740
1847
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:40:44,740 --> 00:40:56,680
1851
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:41:00,730 --> 00:41:05,390
1855
+ ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ B cell can act as
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:41:05,390 --> 00:41:14,910
1859
+ anti-representing cell for CD4-T cell 10.6 ู„ 10.7
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:41:14,910 --> 00:41:17,990
1863
+ ุจูŠุจูŠู† ุงู† ุงู„ interaction between B and T lymphocyte
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:41:18,450 --> 00:41:24,710
1867
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ู„ุฅูŠู‚ุงู ุงู„ู€ B ูˆT ู„ู†ูุณูŠุงุช.ูˆู„ุง ู†ู†ุณู‰ ุฃู†
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:41:24,710 --> 00:41:29,350
1871
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:41:29,350 --> 00:41:33,530
1875
+ ุฅุฑุชุจุงุท ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ CD4-T4-T-Ligand ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:41:33,530 --> 00:41:41,050
1879
+ ูŠุชุทู„ุจ ุฅูŠู‚ุงู B-cell ู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ IGM ู…ู† IGM ุฅู„ู‰ IGG ุฃูˆ
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:41:41,050 --> 00:41:47,670
1883
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุฃุฎุฑู‰.ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠู‚ุงู CD8.ู‡ู„ ุฑุฃูŠู†ุง ุฅูŠู‚ุงู T4
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:41:47,670 --> 00:41:53,450
1887
+ -CellุŸุนู„ุงู‚ุชู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู€ B-Lymphocyte ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ activation
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:41:53,450 --> 00:41:59,170
1891
+ ู„ู€ T-Cytotoxic T-Cytotoxic ุชุชู†ุดุท ุจุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:41:59,170 --> 00:42:04,550
1895
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชู†ุดุท ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ T
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:42:04,550 --> 00:42:09,870
1899
+ -Cytotoxic ุฌุงู†ูˆุง ุฅู…ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ T
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:42:09,870 --> 00:42:15,490
1903
+ -Cytotoxic ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถุง CD8 ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† CD8 T
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:42:15,490 --> 00:42:20,030
1907
+ -Cell ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง TCRู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ CD8 ุชุณูŠู„ ุจุชู‚ุฏู…
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:42:20,030 --> 00:42:25,050
1911
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ุณูŠู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง C
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:42:25,050 --> 00:42:32,530
1915
+ Class 1 ุฃูˆ Class 2 ู…ุงุดูŠุŸ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:42:32,530 --> 00:42:35,490
1919
+ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Antigen Presenting Cell ุชุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:42:35,490 --> 00:42:40,450
1923
+ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฎุด ูˆ ุจุชุงุฎุฏู‡ ูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ Processing ูˆ
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:42:40,450 --> 00:42:46,070
1927
+ ุจุชู‚ุฏู…ู‡ ู„ู€ CD4ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู†
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:42:46,070 --> 00:42:49,490
1931
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑุงุณูŠู„ูˆู„ุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ the same ุงู†ุชุฌู†
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:42:49,490 --> 00:42:54,850
1935
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑุงุณูŠู„ูˆู„ุงุฑูŠ ูŠุชู‚ุฏู…
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:42:54,850 --> 00:42:55,790
1939
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู†
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:42:55,790 --> 00:43:04,410
1943
+ ูŠุชู‚ุฏู…
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:43:04,410 --> 00:43:05,870
1947
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู†
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:43:05,870 --> 00:43:06,050
1951
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู†
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:43:06,050 --> 00:43:07,830
1955
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู†
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:43:07,830 --> 00:43:10,180
1959
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุงู†ูˆุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:43:10,180 --> 00:43:13,860
1963
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ CD4 ูƒุงู†ุช ุดุงูŠู ุงู„ู€ Antigen ู…ู‚ุฏู‘ู… ู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:43:13,860 --> 00:43:18,440
1967
+ Antigen Presenting Cell ูˆุงุชู†ุดุทุช ูˆุทู„ุนุช IL-2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ IL
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:43:18,440 --> 00:43:21,280
1971
+ -2 ู…ุน ุงู„ .. ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ second signal .. ุงู„ first
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:43:21,280 --> 00:43:25,240
1975
+ signal ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ activation ู„ู„ู€ T-Cytotoxic
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:43:25,240 --> 00:43:29,800
1979
+ lymphocyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ pathway
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:43:29,800 --> 00:43:33,420
1983
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุชู†ุดุท ููŠู‡ T-Cytotoxic ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:43:33,420 --> 00:43:38,860
1987
+ cross-priming ุดูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:43:38,860 --> 00:43:45,160
1991
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจุฉ Target Cell ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:43:45,160 --> 00:43:51,360
1995
+ Antigen Presenting Cell ูˆุจุชู‚ุฏู…
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:43:51,360 --> 00:43:58,260
1999
+ ุงู„ Antigen ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ู„ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Class I ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุน CD8
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:43:58,260 --> 00:44:05,480
2003
+ ูˆุจุชุญูุธ ุงู„ Co-Stimulation ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู†ุดุงุท
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:44:05,480 --> 00:44:09,080
2007
+ Lactate Cytotoxicูˆู…ุง ุญุตู„ุช ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ุชุณุงุนุฉ
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:44:09,080 --> 00:44:15,580
2011
+ ุงู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠูƒุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู†ุดุทุช ูุนู…ู„ุช ุงูŠุดุŸ
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:44:15,580 --> 00:44:18,840
2015
+ ุนู…ู„ุช accumulation ู„ู„ granules ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุง
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:44:18,840 --> 00:44:26,540
2019
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‚ุชู„ุช ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ุช degranulation ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠ
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:44:26,540 --> 00:44:31,320
2023
+ ูู‚ุชู„ุช ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ูˆุจุชู‚ุชู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชูˆ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู…
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:44:31,320 --> 00:44:35,220
2027
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ degranulation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:44:35,220 --> 00:44:41,040
2031
+ pointุงู„ู€ Paraffin ูˆูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู†ู‡ุง channel
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:44:41,040 --> 00:44:46,880
2035
+ ูŠุฎุฑุฌ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ู†ุงุน ูˆุงู„ Gravzyme ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:44:46,880 --> 00:44:48,920
2039
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฎุฑุฌ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:44:48,920 --> 00:44:53,900
2043
+ ุนู† Serine Protease enzyme ุจุฎุด ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ channel
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:44:53,900 --> 00:44:57,280
2047
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชูƒูˆู†ุช ูˆุจุฑูˆุญู‡ ูˆุนู…ู„ induction ู„-apoptosis
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:44:58,140 --> 00:45:02,500
2051
+ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ mechanism ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฑุงุจุท ุนู„ู‰ ุจุฏุก
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:45:02,500 --> 00:45:07,180
2055
+ ุงู„ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Fuzz Ligand ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ..
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:45:07,180 --> 00:45:13,520
2059
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ T-Cytotoxic ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ Fuzz ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:45:13,520 --> 00:45:18,220
2063
+ ุงู„ู€ Death Domain Death Receptor ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุนุธู…
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:45:18,220 --> 00:45:22,650
2067
+ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ induction
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:45:22,650 --> 00:45:27,510
2071
+ ู„ุงุจูˆุจุชูˆุณูŠุฒ ุชุชู†ุดุท ู„ุงุจูˆุจุชูˆุณูŠุฒ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ูˆุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู‚ุชู„
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:45:27,510 --> 00:45:33,810
2075
+ ู„ูŠุด ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุนุจุฉ ุจุฌุงู†ุจ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ contact between T
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:45:33,810 --> 00:45:39,490
2079
+ cytotoxic lymphocyte ูˆ target cell ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:45:39,490 --> 00:45:44,390
2083
+ degranulation ู„ุชูˆ ุงู†ุฒุงูŠู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุณู…ู‡ perforin ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌ
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:45:44,390 --> 00:45:48,650
2087
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ granzymeูˆุจุนู…ู„ ุทุจุนุง
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:45:48,650 --> 00:45:52,030
2091
+ polyperforate channel ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ grandzyme ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:45:52,030 --> 00:45:56,630
2095
+ ุจูŠุฎุด ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆูŠู‚ุชู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ induction of
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:45:56,630 --> 00:46:01,350
2099
+ apoptosis ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ ู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ูุงุฐ ู„ุฌู†ุช ู…ุน
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:46:01,350 --> 00:46:06,130
2103
+ ุงู„ูุงุฐ ูˆุฏู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† death receptor ุจูŠู‚ุชู„ู†ุง ุฃูŠุถุง
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:46:06,130 --> 00:46:12,840
2107
+ induce apoptosis ูˆูŠู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:46:12,840 --> 00:46:17,920
2111
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดุฑุญู†ุงู‡ ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ CD8 T lymphocyte can kill cell
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:46:17,920 --> 00:46:23,380
2115
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ infected with bacteria or viruses as well
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:46:23,380 --> 00:46:27,580
2119
+ as transplanted foreign cell ุงู„ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:46:27,580 --> 00:46:31,780
2123
+ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจูŠู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ู…ู† C class 1 ูˆ CD8 ุซู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:46:31,780 --> 00:46:34,640
2127
+ cytokine release ุฒูŠ Gamma interferon tumor
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:46:34,640 --> 00:46:39,980
2131
+ necrosis factor beta ูˆ IL4 ูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุงุงู„ู€ Activation
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:46:39,980 --> 00:46:45,220
2135
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ Signal Transduction ู„ู€ Release of IL-12 ูˆ IL
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:46:45,220 --> 00:46:49,500
2139
+ -12 Signal ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Synthesize ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:46:49,500 --> 00:46:51,860
2143
+ Dendritic Cell ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Innate immune response
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:46:51,860 --> 00:47:00,680
2147
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ Activation ู„ู€ CD8 ูˆ IUD 95
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:47:02,240 --> 00:47:07,900
2151
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงูŠู ุชูŠู„ูŠูˆู…ููˆุณุงูŠุชุฒ ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู†ุช ู†ุดุทุช
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:47:07,900 --> 00:47:16,140
2155
+ ุทู„ุนุช ู„ูŠ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ูุฏู‡ CD 178
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:47:16,140 --> 00:47:24,780
2159
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†CD 95 ู„ุฌู†ุฏ ุงู…ุง ุจุทู„ุน ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุจุทุจุท
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:47:24,780 --> 00:47:31,460
2163
+ ุจุงู„ูุงุฉ CD 95 ุงู…ุง ุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ CD
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:47:31,460 --> 00:47:37,540
2167
+ 95 ูˆ ู„ุฌู†ุฏู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ death of cell by apoptosis
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:47:40,770 --> 00:47:45,310
2171
+ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุงุฏู‡ุงุฌ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ุตุงุฑุช ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ .. ุตุงุฑ ููŠ
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:47:45,310 --> 00:47:50,410
2175
+ contact ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ T cell ูˆ ุงู„ target cell ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:47:50,410 --> 00:47:56,330
2179
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ contact ุจูŠุชู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงุฏู‡ุงุฌ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:47:56,330 --> 00:48:02,310
2183
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ุนุฏ several hours ูˆ
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:48:02,310 --> 00:48:06,890
2187
+ once CD8 is activated ุจุชุทู„ุน ู„ู†ุง granules ูˆ ุงู„
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:48:06,890 --> 00:48:09,890
2191
+ granules ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ุชู„ ู‡ูŠ ุจุฑุงู†ุณุงูŠุชูˆ toxic protein
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:48:10,690 --> 00:48:15,490
2195
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง express CD178 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Fasligand
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:48:15,490 --> 00:48:20,330
2199
+ ูˆุทุจุนู‹ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู‚ุชู„ ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุชู„ ุจูŠุชู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:48:20,330 --> 00:48:24,830
2203
+ Exocytosis ูุจุชุทู„ุน ุฅู† ุงู„ pair-for-in ูˆุงู„ุฌุฑุงู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุงู„
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:48:24,830 --> 00:48:28,450
2207
+ pair-for-in ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ring-like transmembrane channel
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:48:28,450 --> 00:48:33,750
2211
+ ูˆุงู„ุฌุฑุงู†ุฒุงูŠู… ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† serine esterase enzyme ูˆ
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:48:33,750 --> 00:48:37,960
2215
+ ุจูŠุฎุด ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ channel ูˆ induce apoptosisุทุจุนุง ู„ู†
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:48:37,960 --> 00:48:40,980
2219
+ ู†ู†ุณู‰ ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ู‡ูŠุณู† ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ู‡ูŠุณู† ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ู‡ูŠุณู†
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:48:40,980 --> 00:48:42,400
2223
+ ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ู‡ูŠุณู† ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ู‡ูŠุณู† ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ู‡ูŠุณู† ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ู‡ูŠุณู†
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:48:42,400 --> 00:48:43,320
2227
+ ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ู‡ูŠุณู† ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ู‡ูŠุณู† ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ู‡ูŠุณู† ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ู‡ูŠุณู†
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:48:43,320 --> 00:48:48,140
2231
+ ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ู‡ูŠุณู† ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ู‡ูŠุณู† ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ู‡ูŠุณู† ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ู‡ูŠุณู†
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:48:48,140 --> 00:48:58,440
2235
+ ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ู‡ูŠุณู† ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ู‡ูŠุณู† ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ู‡ูŠุณู† ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ู‡ูŠุณู†
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:48:58,440 --> 00:49:01,720
2239
+ ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ู‡ูŠุณู†
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:49:01,720 --> 00:49:08,230
2243
+ ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ู‡ูŠุณู† ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ู‡ูŠุณู† ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ู‡ูŠุณู† ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠุทุจุนุงู‹
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:49:08,230 --> 00:49:13,370
2247
+ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ CD8 ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุณูŠุณ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€
2248
+
2249
+ 563
2250
+ 00:49:13,370 --> 00:49:18,310
2251
+ Detaching ุชู†ูุตู„ ูˆ ุชุฐู‡ุจ ู„ุชู…ุณูƒ ููŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠ
2252
+
2253
+ 564
2254
+ 00:49:18,310 --> 00:49:23,650
2255
+ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุงู„ุชุณู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุจุชุนู…ู„ additional killing ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
2256
+
2257
+ 565
2258
+ 00:49:23,650 --> 00:49:28,930
2259
+ Harness ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ูˆ non-functional non
2260
+
2261
+ 566
2262
+ 00:49:28,930 --> 00:49:33,870
2263
+ -infectious in antigen ู…ุงุดูŠ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠู† ูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ killed
2264
+
2265
+ 567
2266
+ 00:49:33,870 --> 00:49:40,350
2267
+ virusDo Not Trigger CD8 T Cell Response ู…ุง ุจู†ุดุฑุช
2268
+
2269
+ 568
2270
+ 00:49:40,350 --> 00:49:44,770
2271
+ ุงู„ู€ CD8 ุทูŠุจ
2272
+
2273
+ 569
2274
+ 00:49:44,770 --> 00:49:48,870
2275
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ conjugate vaccine
2276
+
2277
+ 570
2278
+ 00:49:48,870 --> 00:49:52,470
2279
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ vaccine ุดูˆ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุงูŠุด
2280
+
2281
+ 571
2282
+ 00:49:52,470 --> 00:49:58,810
2283
+ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ immune response ูˆูŠุฒูˆุฏ ู…ู†ุงุนุชู†ุง ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2284
+
2285
+ 572
2286
+ 00:49:58,810 --> 00:50:01,950
2287
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ุนู…ู„ conjugate vaccine ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
2288
+
2289
+ 573
2290
+ 00:50:04,950 --> 00:50:09,790
2291
+ Polysaccharides ู‡ุฏู‡ ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ู…ุนูŠู†
2292
+
2293
+ 574
2294
+ 00:50:09,790 --> 00:50:13,730
2295
+ ุฃูŠู‡ Conjugate Vaccine Utilize the principle of
2296
+
2297
+ 575
2298
+ 00:50:13,730 --> 00:50:19,190
2299
+ linked recognition to generate TD response ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2300
+
2301
+ 576
2302
+ 00:50:19,190 --> 00:50:23,610
2303
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ Conjugate Vaccine ุจู†ุนู…ู„
2304
+
2305
+ 577
2306
+ 00:50:23,610 --> 00:50:29,670
2307
+ activation for B cell ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ TD dependent
2308
+
2309
+ 578
2310
+ 00:50:29,670 --> 00:50:36,060
2311
+ response ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู… ุดุฑุญู†ุง ููŠ ููŠุฌุงุฑ 10.11ูˆุทุจุนุงู‹ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
2312
+
2313
+ 579
2314
+ 00:50:36,060 --> 00:50:41,660
2315
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุชุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ู€ T ุงู„ุจุฑุณู„ ุนุดุงู† ุชู†ุดุทู†ุง ุงู„ ุจูŠุณู„
2316
+
2317
+ 580
2318
+ 00:50:41,660 --> 00:50:47,120
2319
+ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุนู„ู‰ two antigen on the same two
2320
+
2321
+ 581
2322
+ 00:50:47,120 --> 00:50:51,100
2323
+ ุงุจุชูˆุจ sorry on the same antigen ุงุญุณู† ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
2324
+
2325
+ 582
2326
+ 00:50:51,100 --> 00:50:56,800
2327
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุชูŠุชุงู†ูˆุณูŠุชูƒุณูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ุนุทู‰ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
2328
+
2329
+ 583
2330
+ 00:50:56,800 --> 00:51:01,000
2331
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ T dependent action
2332
+
2333
+ 584
2334
+ 00:51:01,000 --> 00:51:07,380
2335
+ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ TุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู„ู€ Isotype ูŠู…ูƒู†
2336
+
2337
+ 585
2338
+ 00:51:07,380 --> 00:51:14,060
2339
+ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ IgG ูŠุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ูˆ ูŠุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุงู„ู€ Memory Cell
2340
+
2341
+ 586
2342
+ 00:51:14,060 --> 00:51:17,900
2343
+ ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู€ polysaccharide ู„ุญุงู„ู‡
2344
+
2345
+ 587
2346
+ 00:51:17,900 --> 00:51:21,020
2347
+ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฃู†ุชุฌูŠู† ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ Direct
2348
+
2349
+ 588
2350
+ 00:51:21,020 --> 00:51:26,100
2351
+ T Independent ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠ ุณูŠู„ ุงูƒุชูˆุจูŠุดูŠูˆู† ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง
2352
+
2353
+ 589
2354
+ 00:51:26,100 --> 00:51:32,280
2355
+ ุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ IGFู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุชูŠู†
2356
+
2357
+ 590
2358
+ 00:51:32,280 --> 00:51:35,360
2359
+ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ polysaccharide ุจูŠุนุฏู‰
2360
+
2361
+ 591
2362
+ 00:51:35,360 --> 00:51:39,720
2363
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุนู†ุง IGF ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุจู†ุดุท ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
2364
+
2365
+ 592
2366
+ 00:51:39,720 --> 00:51:43,540
2367
+ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุงูˆ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุบูŠุงุจ ุงู„ T-Helper cell ุงูˆ T-cell
2368
+
2369
+ 593
2370
+ 00:51:43,540 --> 00:51:47,240
2371
+ 3 ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุบูŠุงุจ ุงู„ T-cell ู„ุฅู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง
2372
+
2373
+ 594
2374
+ 00:51:47,240 --> 00:51:52,840
2375
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… T-cell this mechanism also can be activated
2376
+
2377
+ 595
2378
+ 00:51:52,840 --> 00:52:03,720
2379
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ Epitopesู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ T-cell ุงู†ุชุฌู†
2380
+
2381
+ 596
2382
+ 00:52:05,030 --> 00:52:08,130
2383
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุจูˆู„ูŠุณุงูƒุฑุงูŠุฏ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† antigen
2384
+
2385
+ 597
2386
+ 00:52:08,130 --> 00:52:12,550
2387
+ ุจูˆู„ูŠุณุงูƒุฑุงูŠุฏ ุจุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† B cell antigen
2388
+
2389
+ 598
2390
+ 00:52:12,550 --> 00:52:19,550
2391
+ ูˆููŠ internal antigen ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงุชุนุฑูุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงูˆ ุงุชู‚ุฏู… ู„ู„
2392
+
2393
+ 599
2394
+ 00:52:19,550 --> 00:52:24,010
2395
+ T lymphocytes ูุงู„ T lymphocytes ู†ุดุทุช ู†ุดุทุช ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„
2396
+
2397
+ 600
2398
+ 00:52:24,010 --> 00:52:28,190
2399
+ B lymphocytes ูˆุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ู„ู‡ุง T dependent
2400
+
2401
+ 601
2402
+ 00:52:28,190 --> 00:52:33,220
2403
+ response ูˆุญุตู„ุชู‡ IgGุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ class switching
2404
+
2405
+ 602
2406
+ 00:52:33,220 --> 00:52:39,960
2407
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠู†ุง any other ุงู†ุชุฌู† ู„ุงุชู†ุณู‰ ุงู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู†
2408
+
2409
+ 603
2410
+ 00:52:39,960 --> 00:52:46,900
2411
+ ุงู„ุงุณุจุณูŠููŠูƒ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ CD4 T ุงู„ุจุฑุฆุงู† ุจูŠุตู„ need to
2412
+
2413
+ 604
2414
+ 00:52:46,900 --> 00:52:51,580
2415
+ interact ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ generation ู„ antibody
2416
+
2417
+ 605
2418
+ 00:52:51,580 --> 00:52:58,220
2419
+ response antibody in the Td ุงู†ุชุฌู† response ุงู„
2420
+
2421
+ 606
2422
+ 00:52:58,220 --> 00:53:07,090
2423
+ Epitopesู‡ูˆ ุชูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑ ูˆ ุจูŠ ุณูŠู„ ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู†ูŠุฒ ุงู„ ุงุจุชูˆุจุงุช
2424
+
2425
+ 607
2426
+ 00:53:07,090 --> 00:53:14,190
2427
+ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠู†ูƒุฏ
2428
+
2429
+ 608
2430
+ 00:53:14,190 --> 00:53:15,530
2431
+ ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู†ูŠุดูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู†ูƒุฏ ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู†ูŠุดูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู†ูƒุฏ ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู†ูŠุดูŠ
2432
+
2433
+ 609
2434
+ 00:53:15,530 --> 00:53:16,790
2435
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠู†ูƒุฏ ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู†ูŠุดูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู†ูƒุฏ ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู†ูŠุดูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู†ูƒุฏ
2436
+
2437
+ 610
2438
+ 00:53:16,790 --> 00:53:18,650
2439
+ ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู†ูŠุดูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู†ูƒุฏ ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู†ูŠุดูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู†ูƒุฏ ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู†ูŠุดูŠ
2440
+
2441
+ 611
2442
+ 00:53:18,650 --> 00:53:19,530
2443
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠู†ูƒุฏ ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู†ูŠุดูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู†ูƒุฏ ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู†ูŠุดูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู†ูƒุฏ
2444
+
2445
+ 612
2446
+ 00:53:19,530 --> 00:53:19,550
2447
+ ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู†ูŠุดูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู†ูƒุฏ ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู†ูŠุดูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู†ูƒุฏ ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู†ูŠุดูŠ
2448
+
2449
+ 613
2450
+ 00:53:19,550 --> 00:53:24,550
2451
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠู†ูƒุฏ ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู†ูŠุดูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู†ูƒุฏ
2452
+
2453
+ 614
2454
+ 00:53:24,550 --> 00:53:30,110
2455
+ ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู†ูŠุดูŠุจุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุซู… ุงู„ cost stimulatory ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ
2456
+
2457
+ 615
2458
+ 00:53:30,110 --> 00:53:37,750
2459
+ ูู…ุญุตู„ุชู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ antibody production ุงู„ CD4 D4
2460
+
2461
+ 616
2462
+ 00:53:37,750 --> 00:53:42,270
2463
+ ุชู„ูŠุฌู†ุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ ECOS and ECOS legend ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
2464
+
2465
+ 617
2466
+ 00:53:42,270 --> 00:53:47,950
2467
+ ุฑูˆุงุจุท ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ B ูˆ ุงู„ T lymphocytes ุจุชุชู†ุดุท ู…ู†
2468
+
2469
+ 618
2470
+ 00:53:47,950 --> 00:53:52,790
2471
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ู… T cell ูˆ ุจุชุทู„ุนู†ุง cytokine ูˆ ุงู„ B cell
2472
+
2473
+ 619
2474
+ 00:53:52,790 --> 00:53:58,290
2475
+ ุจุชุทู„ุนู†ุง antibodyูˆุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุชุตู†ุน by
2476
+
2477
+ 620
2478
+ 00:53:58,290 --> 00:54:02,750
2479
+ T cell ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ูŠุญุฏุฏ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ isotype ุงูˆ ุงู„ antibody
2480
+
2481
+ 621
2482
+ 00:54:02,750 --> 00:54:06,250
2483
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ B lymphocytes ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ antigen
2484
+
2485
+ 622
2486
+ 00:54:06,250 --> 00:54:11,270
2487
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ polysaccharide ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ that have many
2488
+
2489
+ 623
2490
+ 00:54:11,270 --> 00:54:15,650
2491
+ repeating epitopes ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ anthimus independent ุฒูŠ
2492
+
2493
+ 624
2494
+ 00:54:15,650 --> 00:54:18,390
2495
+ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† antibody ุงูˆ ุจู†ุดุท B lymphocyte
2496
+
2497
+ 625
2498
+ 00:54:18,390 --> 00:54:22,750
2499
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† antibody ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ response ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
2500
+
2501
+ 626
2502
+ 00:54:22,750 --> 00:54:32,270
2503
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
2504
+
2505
+ 627
2506
+ 00:54:32,270 --> 00:54:39,110
2507
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏู‡ู… functional thymus ุฃูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ T cell
2508
+
2509
+ 628
2510
+ 00:54:39,110 --> 00:54:47,650
2511
+ make response to Ti-antigen ุงู„ pathway
2512
+
2513
+ 629
2514
+ 00:54:47,650 --> 00:54:52,820
2515
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑุงุซูŠู„ู†ุงุฑ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ุจุงู„ุงูƒุชูุงุก ุนู† ุงู„ุจูŠุณู„ู‡ูˆ ูŠุดุจู‡
2516
+
2517
+ 630
2518
+ 00:54:52,820 --> 00:54:57,230
2519
+ ุงู„ู€ activation pathway of CD4 to CD8ูˆุงู„ู€ signal
2520
+
2521
+ 631
2522
+ 00:54:57,230 --> 00:55:01,850
2523
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู…ุงุดูŠ through the antigen specific
2524
+
2525
+ 632
2526
+ 00:55:01,850 --> 00:55:08,650
2527
+ PCR can be modulated positively via the B3rd core
2528
+
2529
+ 633
2530
+ 00:55:08,650 --> 00:55:12,890
2531
+ receptor ูˆnegatively for example via the low
2532
+
2533
+ 634
2534
+ 00:55:12,890 --> 00:55:16,290
2535
+ affinity FC receptor ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ enhancement
2536
+
2537
+ 635
2538
+ 00:55:16,290 --> 00:55:22,170
2539
+ or inhibition ู„ุณูŠุฌู†ุงู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„
2540
+
2541
+ 636
2542
+ 00:55:22,170 --> 00:55:30,970
2543
+ modulation ุจูŠุชุญูƒู…ุงู„ู€ Response ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุจู‡ูŠูƒ
2544
+
2545
+ 637
2546
+ 00:55:30,970 --> 00:55:35,710
2547
+ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุงู†ู‡ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูˆ
2548
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYQ8nzyth9nyErvTJtUFKlo/FDZuFMrrmm8_raw.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
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@@ -0,0 +1,2943 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:02,230 --> 00:00:06,830
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู†ู„ุชู‚ูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:06,830 --> 00:00:12,230
7
+ ุนู†ูˆุงู†ู‡ุง cytokine ูˆูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุงู„ู€ cytokine ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:12,230 --> 00:00:15,610
11
+ ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† substance which has low molecular
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:15,610 --> 00:00:20,540
15
+ weightุŒ ูˆ ุชูู†ุชุฌ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:20,540 --> 00:00:21,140
19
+ ูˆุชูู†ุชุฌ ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุชูู†ุชุฌ ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:21,140 --> 00:00:27,000
23
+ ูˆุชูู†ุชุฌ ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุชูู†ุชุฌ ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุชูู†ุชุฌ ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:27,180
27
+ ูˆุชูู†ุชุฌ ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุชูู†ุชุฌ ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุชูู†ุชุฌ ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:27,180 --> 00:00:27,200
31
+ ูˆุชูู†ุชุฌ ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุชูู†ุชุฌ ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุชูู†ุชุฌ ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:27,200 --> 00:00:29,080
35
+ ูˆุชูู†ุชุฌ ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุชูู†ุชุฌ ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุชูู†ุชุฌ ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:29,080 --> 00:00:33,080
39
+ ูˆุชูู†ุชุฌ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:33,080 --> 00:00:45,940
43
+ ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุงู†ุชุฌุช
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:46,220 --> 00:00:51,100
47
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชู†ู‚ู„ ุฑุณุงุฆู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ immune
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:51,100 --> 00:00:56,800
51
+ systemุŒ it's also regulated by particular cytokine
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:00:56,800 --> 00:01:03,800
55
+ receptorุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุนุดุงู† ูŠุดุชุบู„ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:03,800 --> 00:01:11,440
59
+ receptor for that factor cytokineุŒ ุฃูŠุถุง ุชูู†ุชุฌ ู…ู†
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:11,440 --> 00:01:16,620
63
+ lymphocyteุŒ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง lymphokineุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:16,620 --> 00:01:22,260
67
+ Monocyte ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Macrophage ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง MonokinesุŒ ูˆ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:22,260 --> 00:01:29,880
71
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชูุณู…ู‰ Chemokine ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ุชุดุชุบู„ as a
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:29,880 --> 00:01:33,840
75
+ chemotactic factorุŒ Chemotactic factor ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:33,840 --> 00:01:38,880
79
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† factors ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:38,880 --> 00:01:47,200
83
+ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู†ุŒ these factorsุŒ ู†ุญู† ู„ุณู†ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:47,200 --> 00:01:49,340
87
+ ุงู„ู„ู…ูุงูˆูŠุงุชุŒ ู†ุญู† ู„ุณู†ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ู…ูุงูˆูŠุงุชุŒ ู†ุญู†
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:49,340 --> 00:01:49,360
91
+ ู„ุณู†ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ู…ูุงูˆูŠุงุชุŒ ู†ุญู† ู„ุณู†ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:49,360 --> 00:01:51,880
95
+ ุงู„ู„ู…ูุงูˆูŠุงุชุŒ ู†ุญู† ู„ุณู†ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ู…ูุงูˆูŠุงุชุŒ ู†ุญู†
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:51,880 --> 00:01:56,940
99
+ ู„ุณู†ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ู…ูุงูˆูŠุงุชุŒ ู†ุญู† ู„ุณู†ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:56,940 --> 00:02:01,880
103
+ ุงู„ู„ู…ูุงูˆูŠุงุชุŒ ู†ุญู† ู„ุณู†ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ู…ูุงูˆูŠุงุชุŒ ู†ุญู†
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:01,880 --> 00:02:04,020
107
+ ู„ุณู†ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ู…ูุงูˆูŠุงุชุŒ ู†ุญู† ู„ุณู†ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:04,020 --> 00:02:09,540
111
+ ุงู„ู„ู…ูุงูˆูŠุงุชุŒ ู†ุญู† ู„ุณู†ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ู…ูุงูˆูŠุงุชุŒ ู†ุญู†
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:09,540 --> 00:02:12,710
115
+ ู„ุณู†ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ู…ูุงูˆูŠุงุชุŒ it's a generic nameุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:12,710 --> 00:02:22,110
119
+ ุงุณู… ุนุงู… for these placaridinsุŒ ุฃูŠุถุง ุณู…ูˆู‡ู…
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:22,110 --> 00:02:26,550
123
+ InterleukinsุŒ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ู…ุง ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ูˆู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจูŠู†
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:26,550 --> 00:02:28,750
127
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูˆุณุงูŠุชุŒ Interleukin
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:33,290 --> 00:02:37,250
131
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฃุนุฏุงุฏู‡ู… ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุฃุนุทูˆู‡ู… ุฃุฑู‚ุงู…ุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ูˆุตู„ุช
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:37,250 --> 00:02:40,710
135
+ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซูŠู† different interlocus are present
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:40,710 --> 00:02:45,990
139
+ macro phaseุŒ ุฃูŠุถุง derived ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… lymphocyte
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:45,990 --> 00:02:50,710
143
+ activating factorุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ T cell growth factors
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:50,710 --> 00:02:55,910
147
+ ูุฃุนุทูˆู‡ู… ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฃุนุทูˆู‡ู… ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง IL-1 ูˆ IL-2
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:55,910 --> 00:03:01,690
151
+ they can activate macro phase and T lymphocyte
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:01,690 --> 00:03:06,110
155
+ respectivelyุŒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซูŠู†
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:06,110 --> 00:03:12,270
159
+ different Interleukins are coinedุŒ ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ู… are
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:12,270 --> 00:03:17,130
163
+ biologically affect many cell types
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:17,130 --> 00:03:22,790
167
+ ุฏุงุฎู„ ูˆุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ู€ immune systemุŒ ูุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:22,790 --> 00:03:30,290
171
+ Interleukin 2 promote cell proliferation and also
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:30,290 --> 00:03:37,090
175
+ stimulate osteoclastุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุซุงู†ูŠ transforming growth
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:37,090 --> 00:03:41,070
179
+ factor betaุŒ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:41,070 --> 00:03:43,770
183
+ transforming growth factor betaุŒ ูˆุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ tumor
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:43,770 --> 00:03:48,730
187
+ growth factor betaุŒ ุฃูŠุถุง stimulate many cellsุŒ ุจู…ุง
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:48,730 --> 00:03:52,990
191
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ tissue fibroblastุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:54,190 --> 00:03:58,130
195
+ ุฃูˆ D-lymphocyte ูˆB-lymphocyteุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู€
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:58,130 --> 00:04:04,010
199
+ cytokines ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุจู„ุงูŠูˆุชุฑูˆุจูŠูƒูŠุŒ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุจู„ุงูŠูˆุชุฑูˆุจูŠูƒูŠ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:04,010 --> 00:04:08,370
203
+ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ููŠู‡ู… ูˆุธุงุฆู ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุฃู† ูŠุคุซุฑูˆุง
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:08,370 --> 00:04:10,890
207
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:13,850 --> 00:04:18,470
211
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ู† ุตูุงุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุฑูŠุฏุงู†ุฏู†ุณูŠุฉุŒ ุฃู† ู‡ู…ุง redundant
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:18,470 --> 00:04:25,090
215
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ุฃูŠ ุฅู†ุชุฑู„ูˆูƒูŠู† ุชูˆุช ุฃูˆ ุฅู†ุชุฑู„ูˆูƒูŠู†
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:25,090 --> 00:04:31,930
219
+ ููˆุฑ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ูƒู€ growth factors ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:31,930 --> 00:04:36,770
223
+ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ T lymphocyte ูˆุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ููŠ ู†ู…ูˆู‡ุงุŒ ุนุดุงู†
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:36,770 --> 00:04:38,390
227
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… redundant
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:43,750 --> 00:04:48,730
231
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ Cytokine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุตูุงุชู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ additiveุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:48,730 --> 00:04:55,190
235
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดุชุบู„ู‡ู… synergistic ุฃูˆ antagonisticุŒ they are
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:55,190 --> 00:05:01,730
239
+ propertiesุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ู„ู„ู€ cytokine A they have
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:01,730 --> 00:05:06,070
243
+ common functional propertiesุŒ ูˆุฎุฐูˆุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:06,070 --> 00:05:10,690
247
+ common functional properties cytokineุŒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:10,690 --> 00:05:13,830
251
+ cytokines ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู€ Gamma Interferon ูˆุงู„ู€
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:13,830 --> 00:05:21,470
255
+ Interleukin 2ุŒ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ูƒุณูˆุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ูˆู…ูƒุณูˆุฑุฉ ุจุณุฑุนุฉุŒ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:21,470 --> 00:05:24,670
259
+ ุตูุฉ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:24,670 --> 00:05:33,210
263
+ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:33,210 --> 00:05:35,330
267
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:35,330 --> 00:05:36,450
271
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:36,450 --> 00:05:36,570
275
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:36,570 --> 00:05:40,860
279
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู€ cytokines ูŠู…ุชู„ูƒูˆู† ุญูŠุงุฉ ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:40,860 --> 00:05:47,940
283
+ ู†ุตู ุนู…ุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ function of the cytokines occur in pairs
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:47,940 --> 00:05:52,340
287
+ ุจูŠุตู†ุนูˆุง
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:52,340 --> 00:05:57,200
291
+ ูˆูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ูƒุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‡ูƒุฐุงุŒ ุงู„ู€ cytokines
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:57,200 --> 00:05:59,460
295
+ facilitate communication between cells
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:03,570 --> 00:06:12,610
299
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู‚ูˆุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุชุณุนุฉ ู„ู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ู‚ูˆุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:12,610 --> 00:06:20,110
303
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑุŒ ุฃูŠุถุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ูƒู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:20,110 --> 00:06:26,850
307
+ ู…ูุฑุฏูŠู† ูƒู€ Autocrine ุฃูˆ Paracrine ุฃูˆ EndocrineุŒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:26,850 --> 00:06:31,790
311
+ ู…ู† ูˆุธุงุฆูู‡ู… ุฃูˆ ุตูุงุชู‡ู…ุŒ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ Cytokine ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู†
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:31,790 --> 00:06:35,590
315
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุทู‡ู… ุจู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:35,590 --> 00:06:42,190
319
+ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉุŒ ูุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุชุญูุฒ ุฃูˆ ุชู…ู†ุน target cell ู…ุซู„
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:42,190 --> 00:06:49,030
323
+ T-Helper-1ุŒ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ุชูุฑุฒ Gamma InterferonุŒ ุชู†ุดุท
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:49,030 --> 00:06:52,550
327
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆูุงุฌ ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุชุนู…ู„ inhibition
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:52,550 --> 00:06:58,840
331
+ ู„ู„ู…ู„ูŠู…ููˆุณุงูŠุชุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ Gamma interferon
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:58,840 --> 00:07:04,560
335
+ activate macrophage and inhibit B lymphocytesุŒ ู†ูุณ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:04,560 --> 00:07:10,300
339
+ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ููŠ T helper 2ุŒ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ุชูุฑุฒ ุงู„ู€ IL4 ูˆุงู„ู€ IL5
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:10,300 --> 00:07:18,350
343
+ they activate B lymphocytes and IL10 ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูŠูุฑุฒ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:18,350 --> 00:07:23,950
347
+ inhibition ู„ู€ macro phase activationุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:23,950 --> 00:07:28,330
351
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ regulation ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† T
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:28,330 --> 00:07:32,910
355
+ helper ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูˆ T helper ุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุง ูŠุคุซุฑ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:32,910 --> 00:07:39,750
359
+ type of antigenุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููŠุฌุฑ ู‡ูŠ T helper ูˆุงุญุฏ 100%
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:39,750 --> 00:07:50,700
363
+ antigen ุชู„ู‚ูุชู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Dendritic cellุŒ ููŠูุฑุฒ IL
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:50,700 --> 00:07:56,440
367
+ -12 ุญูˆู„ุช T helper node ุฅู„ู‰ T helper node ู†ุดุทุฉุŒ T helper
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:56,440 --> 00:07:58,700
371
+ node ุฅู„ู‰ T helper node ุฅู„ู‰ T helper node ุฅู„ู‰ T helper
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:58,700 --> 00:08:06,440
375
+ node ุฅู„ู‰ T helper node ุฅู„ู‰ T helper node ุฅู„ู‰ T helper
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:06,440 --> 00:08:11,780
379
+ node ุฅู„ู‰ T helper nodeุŒ ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุทุจุนู‹ุง cytokine ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ site
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:11,780 --> 00:08:15,460
383
+ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ activationุŒ ุฅุฌุช ู†ุดุทุช ุงู„ู€ macro phase ู…ู†
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:15,460 --> 00:08:19,160
387
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุทู‡ุง ููŠู‡ุง cell to cell contactุŒ ูˆุฃูุฑุฒู‡ุง
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:19,160 --> 00:08:23,060
391
+ ุงู„ู€ cytokineุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุฃูุฑุฒุชู‡ุงุŸ ุฌู…ุน
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:23,060 --> 00:08:29,280
395
+ ุงู„ู€ interferon ู†ุดุท ุงู„ู€ macro phaseุŒ GMCSF ู†ุดุท macro
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:29,280 --> 00:08:33,440
399
+ phaseุŒ tumor necrosis factor alpha ู†ุดุท macro phase
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:33,440 --> 00:08:39,860
403
+ IL3 ุนู…ู„ hemopoiesisุŒ Tumor Necrosis Factor Beta
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:39,860 --> 00:08:48,200
407
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูŠูุฑุฒ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู€ Inflammatory ReactionุŒ ูุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:48,200 --> 00:08:54,300
411
+ ู‡ุฐุง T helper ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุชู†ุดุท microphageุŒ ูˆุทุจุนู‹ุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ูˆุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ู€ microphage ููŠู‡ุง ุณุช ูˆุธุงุฆู ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:54,300 --> 00:08:57,940
415
+ ุจุณ ุฃู‡ู… ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูุงุฌูˆุณูŠุชูˆุณูŠุณุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ T helper 2 ุฏู‡
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:57,940 --> 00:09:03,660
419
+ ู‡ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ุชุตุงุฏู AntigenุŒ Dendritic cell ุจุชู‚ุฏู… ู„ู‡ุง T
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:03,660 --> 00:09:09,290
423
+ helper nodeุŒ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุชูุฑุฒ IL 4ุŒ ูˆT helper node
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:09,290 --> 00:09:14,710
427
+ ุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ T helper 2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู†ุดุท B ู„ู…ููˆุณุงูŠุชุŒ ุทุงุจุช
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:14,710 --> 00:09:19,270
431
+ ููŠ B ู„ู…ููˆุณุงูŠุช ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ binding ูˆุจุชูุฑุฒ cytokineุŒ ุดูˆ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:19,270 --> 00:09:23,250
435
+ ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุจุชูุฑุฒู‡ุงุŸ IL 4 ุจู†ุดุท B cellุŒ IL 5 ุจู†ุดุท B
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:23,250 --> 00:09:29,790
439
+ cellุŒ IL 10 ุจูŠุนู…ู„ inhibition ู„ู€ T helper 1 ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฃู†
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:29,790 --> 00:09:34,750
443
+ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู€ micro phaseุŒ ุนูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ hemopoiesisุŒ ุนูŠุงู„
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:40,370 --> 00:09:46,290
447
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนูŠุงู„
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:46,290 --> 00:09:50,910
451
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:50,910 --> 00:09:51,230
455
+ ุนูŠุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนูŠุงู„
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:51,230 --> 00:09:54,070
459
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:54,070 --> 00:09:54,110
463
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:54,110 --> 00:09:55,590
467
+ ุนูŠุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนูŠุงู„
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:55,590 --> 00:10:02,650
471
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
472
+
473
+ 120
474
+ 00:10:05,840 --> 00:10:11,840
475
+ ุงู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
476
+
477
+ 121
478
+ 00:10:11,840 --> 00:10:17,180
479
+ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุดุทุช ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู†ุŒ ุจูŠุฃุชูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ุดุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ู
480
+
481
+ 122
482
+ 00:10:17,180 --> 00:10:24,220
483
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ cell typeุŒ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ู†ูุฑุฒ ุงู„ู€ cytokine
484
+
485
+ 123
486
+ 00:10:24,220 --> 00:10:28,220
487
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุนุงู„ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุงุณุชูŠู…ูˆู„ุงุช ู‚ูˆูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู†
488
+
489
+ 124
490
+ 00:10:28,220 --> 00:10:33,800
491
+ ูŠุคุซุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุฏู„ูŠู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุณูŠุณุชุงู…ูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุง
492
+
493
+ 125
494
+ 00:10:33,800 --> 00:10:38,260
495
+ ูŠูุณู…ู‰ ุจู€ toxic shock syndromeุŒ ุงู„ู€ cytokine ู„ุงุฒู…
496
+
497
+ 126
498
+ 00:10:38,260 --> 00:10:44,620
499
+ ูŠูุฑุฒู‡ ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฌุฏุง ู„ูƒู† ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ูุฑุฒู‡
500
+
501
+ 127
502
+ 00:10:44,620 --> 00:10:51,400
503
+ ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุจุณุจุจ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑุงุช ู…ุคุฐูŠุฉ
504
+
505
+ 128
506
+ 00:10:51,930 --> 00:10:56,670
507
+ Deleterious ุบูŠุฑ ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู…ุคุฐูŠุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠ and systemic
508
+
509
+ 129
510
+ 00:10:56,670 --> 00:11:03,490
511
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงู…ุฉ ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ toxic shock
512
+
513
+ 130
514
+ 00:11:03,490 --> 00:11:08,750
515
+ syndrome ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‚ุฏุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ diseases
516
+
517
+ 131
518
+ 00:11:08,750 --> 00:11:13,710
519
+ therapeutic manipulation ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ู†ู„ุนุจ ุจุงู„
520
+
521
+ 132
522
+ 00:11:13,710 --> 00:11:17,690
523
+ cytokine ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ู†ุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุฅูŠุด
524
+
525
+ 133
526
+ 00:11:17,950 --> 00:11:24,170
527
+ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌูŠุฉ ุฃูŠุถุง ููŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุนุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ immune
528
+
529
+ 134
530
+ 00:11:24,170 --> 00:11:28,010
531
+ system ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ if we use the component
532
+
533
+ 135
534
+ 00:11:28,010 --> 00:11:34,890
535
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ cytokine we can activate if we use the
536
+
537
+ 136
538
+ 00:11:34,890 --> 00:11:39,430
539
+ cytokine antagonist we can inhibit ูˆู„ุง ูƒุฐุง
540
+
541
+ 137
542
+ 00:11:39,820 --> 00:11:45,100
543
+ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู†ุง ุชุญุฑูŠูƒ ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
544
+
545
+ 138
546
+ 00:11:45,100 --> 00:11:51,860
547
+ cytokine ุทูŠุจ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูุฑุฒู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู‰
548
+
549
+ 139
550
+ 00:11:51,860 --> 00:11:59,820
551
+ ู‡ูˆ cytokine in a cascade manner ุทุจุนุง
552
+
553
+ 140
554
+ 00:11:59,820 --> 00:12:03,180
555
+ ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง given cell ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ cytokine
556
+
557
+ 141
558
+ 00:12:05,570 --> 00:12:09,390
559
+ One cell may be the target of many cytokines ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
560
+
561
+ 142
562
+ 00:12:09,390 --> 00:12:14,210
563
+ ุฌุฏุง ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ cytokine
564
+
565
+ 143
566
+ 00:12:14,210 --> 00:12:18,010
567
+ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ receptor ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ
568
+
569
+ 144
570
+ 00:12:18,010 --> 00:12:24,730
571
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† one cytokine ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ
572
+
573
+ 145
574
+ 00:12:24,730 --> 00:12:29,250
575
+ ุฃูˆ ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูุนู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ other cytokine
576
+
577
+ 146
578
+ 00:12:30,700 --> 00:12:37,620
579
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุถูŠู ู„ู‡ function ู…ุงุดูŠ ุฃูˆ ูŠุถูŠู
580
+
581
+ 147
582
+ 00:12:37,620 --> 00:12:42,940
583
+ ูŠู‚ูˆูŠ ุงู„ function ูŠุนู†ูŠ additive or synergistic or
584
+
585
+ 148
586
+ 00:12:42,940 --> 00:12:47,500
587
+ antagonistic interaction
588
+
589
+ 149
590
+ 00:12:47,500 --> 00:12:50,380
591
+ of multiple cytokines produced during typical
592
+
593
+ 150
594
+ 00:12:50,380 --> 00:12:55,490
595
+ immune responseุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ cytokine
596
+
597
+ 151
598
+ 00:12:55,490 --> 00:13:00,910
599
+ cascade and this cascade largely determine whether
600
+
601
+ 152
602
+ 00:13:00,910 --> 00:13:05,530
603
+ a response to an antigen will primarily antibody
604
+
605
+ 153
606
+ 00:13:05,530 --> 00:13:09,890
607
+ -mediated or cell-mediated ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ interaction ู„ู…ุง
608
+
609
+ 154
610
+ 00:13:09,890 --> 00:13:13,790
611
+ ุชูุฑุฒ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† cytokine they interact to each other
612
+
613
+ 155
614
+ 00:13:14,070 --> 00:13:19,370
615
+ ู‡ู… ูŠุณู…ูˆู†ู‡ุง ูƒู€ Cytokine Cascade ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Cascade
616
+
617
+ 156
618
+ 00:13:19,370 --> 00:13:25,550
619
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู†ุง Antibody ุฃูˆ
620
+
621
+ 157
622
+ 00:13:25,550 --> 00:13:29,030
623
+ ุจู†ุดุท ู„ู†ุง ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ูุงุนู„ุฉ
624
+
625
+ 158
626
+ 00:13:31,990 --> 00:13:35,910
627
+ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Antigenic
628
+
629
+ 159
630
+ 00:13:35,910 --> 00:13:41,490
631
+ Stimulus ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Antigen ู…ู† ูŠุญุฏุฏ ุฎุท ุณูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
632
+
633
+ 160
634
+ 00:13:41,490 --> 00:13:49,050
635
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุทูŠุจุŒ
636
+
637
+ 161
638
+ 00:13:49,050 --> 00:13:51,330
639
+ ุงู„ receptor ู„ู„ cytokine ุทุจุนุงุŒ they have common
640
+
641
+ 162
642
+ 00:13:51,330 --> 00:13:55,690
643
+ receptor ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุฃู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡
644
+
645
+ 163
646
+ 00:13:55,690 --> 00:13:58,650
647
+ overlapping ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ redundant function ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
648
+
649
+ 164
650
+ 00:13:58,650 --> 00:14:02,510
651
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุฅูŠู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุฅูŠู„ ุณุชุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† both ูƒุงู†ุช both
652
+
653
+ 165
654
+ 00:14:02,510 --> 00:14:06,370
655
+ induce fever ูˆูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ู‡ู… ุทุจุนุง different biological
656
+
657
+ 166
658
+ 00:14:06,370 --> 00:14:10,010
659
+ function ุฃุฎุฑู‰
660
+
661
+ 167
662
+ 00:14:12,760 --> 00:14:15,760
663
+ ูˆุงุฌู‡ุชู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€Signal Cytokine ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช
664
+
665
+ 168
666
+ 00:14:15,760 --> 00:14:20,260
667
+ ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช
668
+
669
+ 169
670
+ 00:14:20,260 --> 00:14:21,640
671
+ ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช
672
+
673
+ 170
674
+ 00:14:21,640 --> 00:14:21,780
675
+ ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช
676
+
677
+ 171
678
+ 00:14:21,780 --> 00:14:23,600
679
+ ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช
680
+
681
+ 172
682
+ 00:14:23,600 --> 00:14:24,980
683
+ ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช
684
+
685
+ 173
686
+ 00:14:24,980 --> 00:14:25,040
687
+ ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช
688
+
689
+ 174
690
+ 00:14:25,040 --> 00:14:30,420
691
+ ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช
692
+
693
+ 175
694
+ 00:14:30,420 --> 00:14:35,200
695
+ ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช
696
+
697
+ 176
698
+ 00:14:35,200 --> 00:14:36,580
699
+ ู…
700
+
701
+ 177
702
+ 00:14:39,560 --> 00:14:43,140
703
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Common Gamma Chain ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู†
704
+
705
+ 178
706
+ 00:14:43,140 --> 00:14:48,120
707
+ Signal Transduction ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Chemical Messenger ู…ุง
708
+
709
+ 179
710
+ 00:14:48,120 --> 00:14:51,740
711
+ ุฃุญู†ุง ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ Chemical Messenger ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุณู„ูˆุง
712
+
713
+ 180
714
+ 00:14:51,740 --> 00:14:56,800
715
+ ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
716
+
717
+ 181
718
+ 00:14:56,800 --> 00:14:59,240
719
+ Chain ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Intracellular Signaling
720
+
721
+ 182
722
+ 00:14:59,240 --> 00:15:06,500
723
+ Molecule ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูุณุฑ ู„ู†ุง ู„ูŠุด ุฃู† ููŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
724
+
725
+ 183
726
+ 00:15:06,500 --> 00:15:14,280
727
+ cytokine can act on theirSame Cell ูƒู…ุง ุชุดุงู‡ุฏูˆู† ููŠ
728
+
729
+ 184
730
+ 00:15:14,280 --> 00:15:20,380
731
+ ุงู„ููŠุฌุฑ ุงู„ู‰ 6 ุฃูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† Receptors ูƒู„ู‡ู… They
732
+
733
+ 185
734
+ 00:15:20,380 --> 00:15:26,040
735
+ Share ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Gamma Chain ููŠู‡ Triple Chain ููŠู‡
736
+
737
+ 186
738
+ 00:15:26,040 --> 00:15:30,660
739
+ Double Chain ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ูƒู„ู‡ู… ูŠุญุชูˆูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ Gamma Chain ูˆ
740
+
741
+ 187
742
+ 00:15:30,660 --> 00:15:33,840
743
+ Gamma Chain ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Signal
744
+
745
+ 188
746
+ 00:15:33,840 --> 00:15:37,780
747
+ Transduction ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ Receptors ุงู„ู„ูŠ
748
+
749
+ 189
750
+ 00:15:37,780 --> 00:15:41,480
751
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ signal ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ
752
+
753
+ 190
754
+ 00:15:41,480 --> 00:15:47,660
755
+ ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠ multiple cytokine can have the same ุงู„ู„ูŠ
756
+
757
+ 191
758
+ 00:15:47,660 --> 00:15:53,200
759
+ ู‡ูˆ function functional category ุจุณ ุทุจุนุง ู‚ุณู…ูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง
760
+
761
+ 192
762
+ 00:15:53,200 --> 00:15:57,960
763
+ ุงู„ cytokine ุฅู„ู‰ different category ุฌุงู„ูˆุง cytokine
764
+
765
+ 193
766
+ 00:15:57,960 --> 00:16:00,320
767
+ that regulate immune response ุชุดุชุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ immune
768
+
769
+ 194
770
+ 00:16:00,320 --> 00:16:03,890
771
+ response ูˆุทุจุนุง ุฃู‡ู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ B ูˆ T
772
+
773
+ 195
774
+ 00:16:03,890 --> 00:16:10,210
775
+ lymphocyte activity ูŠูˆู… ูŠุชุนุฑุถูˆุง ู„ antigen ูŠูˆู… ูŠุดูŠุฑ
776
+
777
+ 196
778
+ 00:16:10,210 --> 00:16:13,720
779
+ ู„ู‡ู… stimulation by antigen ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู€ cytokines
780
+
781
+ 197
782
+ 00:16:13,720 --> 00:16:20,440
783
+ ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุดุบูˆู„ ู„ู„ู…ููˆุณุงูŠุชูŠู†
784
+
785
+ 198
786
+ 00:16:20,440 --> 00:16:26,540
787
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ CD4T ู„ู„ู…ููˆุณุงูŠุชูŠู† ุจุชุนุชุจุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
788
+
789
+ 199
790
+ 00:16:26,540 --> 00:16:30,320
791
+ ู„ู„ุฅูŠู…ูŠู†ูˆ ุฑุงุฌู„ุงุชุฑูŠ ู„ู„ู€ cytokine ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุชุชู†ุดุท
792
+
793
+ 200
794
+ 00:16:30,320 --> 00:16:34,840
795
+ ุจุชูุฑุฒู„ู†ุง cytokine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุฑุงุฌู„ุงุชูŠ ู„ู„ุฅูŠู…ูŠู†ูˆ
796
+
797
+ 201
798
+ 00:16:34,840 --> 00:16:43,610
799
+ ุฑุงุฌู„ุงุชุฑูŠู†ุงูŠูŠู CD4 ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ T-Lymphocyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
800
+
801
+ 202
802
+ 00:16:43,610 --> 00:16:49,110
803
+ T-cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู… ุชุตุงุฏู ุฃู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุจุนุฏ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุชุดูˆูู‡
804
+
805
+ 203
806
+ 00:16:49,110 --> 00:16:53,970
807
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตู†ุน ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
808
+
809
+ 204
810
+ 00:16:53,970 --> 00:16:55,650
811
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
812
+
813
+ 205
814
+ 00:16:55,650 --> 00:16:57,670
815
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
816
+
817
+ 206
818
+ 00:16:57,670 --> 00:16:59,390
819
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
820
+
821
+ 207
822
+ 00:16:59,390 --> 00:17:00,790
823
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠ
824
+
825
+ 208
826
+ 00:17:04,440 --> 00:17:06,900
827
+ ุฃูŠุถุงุŒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„
828
+
829
+ 209
830
+ 00:17:06,900 --> 00:17:10,740
831
+ ุงู„ุงุณุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุจู†ุดุทูˆุง ุงู„ู€ Dendritic cell ูˆ
832
+
833
+ 210
834
+ 00:17:10,740 --> 00:17:14,280
835
+ ุจู†ุดุทูˆุง ุงู„ู€ macrophage ูˆ ุจู†ุดุทูˆุง ุงู„ู€ NK cell ูƒู„ู‡ู…
836
+
837
+ 211
838
+ 00:17:14,280 --> 00:17:17,740
839
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠู†ุชุฌูˆุง ุงู„ู€ IL-12 ูˆ Gamma Interferon
840
+
841
+ 212
842
+ 00:17:17,740 --> 00:17:23,340
843
+ ูˆุทุจุนู‹ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฌูˆุฑ 11.6 ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ูŠู…ูƒู†
844
+
845
+ 213
846
+ 00:17:23,340 --> 00:17:27,860
847
+ ุฃู† ูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู†ุชุฌ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ 1 ู…ู†
848
+
849
+ 214
850
+ 00:17:27,860 --> 00:17:34,730
851
+ ู…ู† ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑู†ูˆุช ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑู†ูˆุช ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุชุฑ
852
+
853
+ 215
854
+ 00:17:34,730 --> 00:17:38,410
855
+ ุชูŠู„ูŠููˆุณุงูŠุชุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชู†ุดุทุช ูˆุงุฏุชู†ูŠ ูˆุตู„ู‡ุง
856
+
857
+ 216
858
+ 00:17:38,410 --> 00:17:42,250
859
+ differentiation ูˆุงุชู†ุดุทุช ูˆุงุฏุชู†ูŠ ุฅู…ุง ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุฅู…ุง
860
+
861
+ 217
862
+ 00:17:42,250 --> 00:17:46,830
863
+ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุดูˆูู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ุงุด ููŠ ุงู„ figure ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚
864
+
865
+ 218
866
+ 00:17:46,830 --> 00:17:52,250
867
+ other pathogens ุฒูŠ ุงู„ worms ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุจูŠุคุฏูˆุง
868
+
869
+ 219
870
+ 00:17:52,250 --> 00:17:59,030
871
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ secretion of IL-5 ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
872
+
873
+ 220
874
+ 00:17:59,030 --> 00:18:07,780
875
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ IL-4 ุฃูŠุถุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠู†ูุฐ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰
876
+
877
+ 221
878
+ 00:18:07,780 --> 00:18:12,980
879
+ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑุชูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดูู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฌุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุช
880
+
881
+ 222
882
+ 00:18:12,980 --> 00:18:17,900
883
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุชูุณูŠุฑ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃูŠุถุง low level ุฃูˆ processed
884
+
885
+ 223
886
+ 00:18:17,900 --> 00:18:27,780
887
+ antigen ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑุชูˆ TCR ูˆุจุณ
888
+
889
+ 224
890
+ 00:18:27,780 --> 00:18:34,160
891
+ ุชุฑุชุจุท ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุชุฎุชุงุฑ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑุชูˆ ูˆูˆุฌุฏู‡ุง
892
+
893
+ 225
894
+ 00:18:34,160 --> 00:18:40,360
895
+ ุชูุฑุฒ IL-4 ูˆ IL-5 ูŠูˆู… ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ increase level
896
+
897
+ 226
898
+ 00:18:40,360 --> 00:18:45,800
899
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทุจู‚ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ ู†ูˆุช TCR ุจุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
900
+
901
+ 227
902
+ 00:18:45,800 --> 00:18:50,300
903
+ differentiation into ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ one ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูˆุฌุฏู‡ุง
904
+
905
+ 228
906
+ 00:18:50,300 --> 00:18:54,400
907
+ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ one ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู†ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุชูุฑุฒ IL-2
908
+
909
+ 229
910
+ 00:18:54,400 --> 00:18:57,740
911
+ ูˆ Gamma Interferon ูˆ Tumor Necrosis Factor Beta
912
+
913
+ 230
914
+ 00:18:59,250 --> 00:19:03,870
915
+ Pathway of Tl-bar-1 ูŠุณู‡ู‘ู„
916
+
917
+ 231
918
+ 00:19:03,870 --> 00:19:07,610
919
+ ุงู„ู€ cell-mediated immunity ุจุงูƒุชูุงุก ุงู„ู€ macrophage
920
+
921
+ 232
922
+ 00:19:07,610 --> 00:19:13,810
923
+ ุนู† ูƒูŠุณ ุงู„ู€ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte ุจูŠู†ู…ุง Tl-bar-2
924
+
925
+ 233
926
+ 00:19:13,810 --> 00:19:17,730
927
+ ุจุขู„ูŠุฉ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ุฅูŠุฌุงุจ ุงู„ู€ immunity ู‡ูˆ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ
928
+
929
+ 234
930
+ 00:19:17,730 --> 00:19:22,490
931
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ 1 ุจูŠุฏูŠู†ุง cell mediated
932
+
933
+ 235
934
+ 00:19:22,490 --> 00:19:27,010
935
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ 2 ุจูŠุฏูŠู†ุง antibody mediated immunity
936
+
937
+ 236
938
+ 00:19:27,010 --> 00:19:34,290
939
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ subset also can regulate the
940
+
941
+ 237
942
+ 00:19:34,290 --> 00:19:38,310
943
+ growth and effector function of each other as a
944
+
945
+ 238
946
+ 00:19:38,310 --> 00:19:42,030
947
+ result of the activity of cytokine ู†ุชูŠู† ุดูˆูู†ุง ูƒูŠู
948
+
949
+ 239
950
+ 00:19:42,030 --> 00:19:45,430
951
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง regulation to each other ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„
952
+
953
+ 240
954
+ 00:19:45,430 --> 00:19:46,990
955
+ cytokine that they release
956
+
957
+ 241
958
+ 00:19:49,640 --> 00:19:52,320
959
+ ุงู„ู€ IL-10 ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู€ Transformed Growth
960
+
961
+ 242
962
+ 00:19:52,320 --> 00:19:56,460
963
+ Factor Beta ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุทู„ุน ู…ู† T helper 2 ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชู…ู†ุน
964
+
965
+ 243
966
+ 00:19:56,460 --> 00:20:03,400
967
+ ุชู…ู†ุน ุชู…ู†ุน ุชุทูˆุฑ T helper 1 ูˆูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ูŠุณูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
968
+
969
+ 244
970
+ 00:20:03,400 --> 00:20:07,300
971
+ ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ู„ู€ Gamma Interferon ู…ู† T helper 1 ูŠู…ูƒู†
972
+
973
+ 245
974
+ 00:20:07,300 --> 00:20:12,280
975
+ ุฃู† ุชู…ู†ุน ุชู…ู†ุน ุชุทูˆุฑ T helper 2 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ Cytokine ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
976
+
977
+ 246
978
+ 00:20:12,280 --> 00:20:15,620
979
+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
980
+
981
+ 247
982
+ 00:20:15,620 --> 00:20:17,680
983
+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
984
+
985
+ 248
986
+ 00:20:17,680 --> 00:20:18,590
987
+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชูƒูˆ
988
+
989
+ 249
990
+ 00:20:18,590 --> 00:20:22,730
991
+ ู† ุณูŠู„ ุชุฑุฌุน ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ูƒูˆูŠุณุงู†ุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูุฑุฏ ุงู„ู€ cytokine
992
+
993
+ 250
994
+ 00:20:22,730 --> 00:20:29,250
995
+ ุชู†ุดุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุซู… ุจุงู†ุชู‡ุงุก ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุชุฑุฌุน ุฅู„ู‰
996
+
997
+ 251
998
+ 00:20:29,250 --> 00:20:35,530
999
+ ูˆุถุนู‡ุง ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูู‡ู…ุด cytokine ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„
1000
+
1001
+ 252
1002
+ 00:20:35,530 --> 00:20:42,570
1003
+ cytokine that facilitate the innate immune
1004
+
1005
+ 253
1006
+ 00:20:42,570 --> 00:20:47,200
1007
+ response and activate the inflammatory response ุฃู†ุง
1008
+
1009
+ 254
1010
+ 00:20:47,200 --> 00:20:54,800
1011
+ ุจุฏุฃุด ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ T
1012
+
1013
+ 255
1014
+ 00:20:54,800 --> 00:20:59,480
1015
+ and cell subset ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ innate immune response
1016
+
1017
+ 256
1018
+ 00:20:59,480 --> 00:21:03,720
1019
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ูˆ activation of the inflammatory response
1020
+
1021
+ 257
1022
+ 00:21:03,720 --> 00:21:09,920
1023
+ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ innate immune response ูˆ ุงู„
1024
+
1025
+ 258
1026
+ 00:21:09,920 --> 00:21:17,320
1027
+ cytokine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ .. that
1028
+
1029
+ 259
1030
+ 00:21:17,320 --> 00:21:21,740
1031
+ facilitate the innate immune response it's usually
1032
+
1033
+ 260
1034
+ 00:21:21,740 --> 00:21:26,780
1035
+ stimulated by viruses or microbial pathogens ู‡ูˆ ุนู„ู‰
1036
+
1037
+ 261
1038
+ 00:21:26,780 --> 00:21:29,060
1039
+ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„
1040
+
1041
+ 262
1042
+ 00:21:29,060 --> 00:21:33,580
1043
+ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„
1044
+
1045
+ 263
1046
+ 00:21:33,580 --> 00:21:38,460
1047
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„
1048
+
1049
+ 264
1050
+ 00:21:38,460 --> 00:21:43,400
1051
+ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„
1052
+
1053
+ 265
1054
+ 00:21:43,400 --> 00:21:44,120
1055
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„
1056
+
1057
+ 266
1058
+ 00:21:44,120 --> 00:21:44,520
1059
+ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„
1060
+
1061
+ 267
1062
+ 00:21:44,520 --> 00:21:50,560
1063
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
1064
+
1065
+ 268
1066
+ 00:21:51,490 --> 00:21:55,070
1067
+ ู†ู…ุฑ ุงุซู†ูŠู† They stimulate the production of acute
1068
+
1069
+ 269
1070
+ 00:21:55,070 --> 00:21:57,870
1071
+ phase proteins ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ acute phase proteins ุนู„ู‰
1072
+
1073
+ 270
1074
+ 00:21:57,870 --> 00:22:02,550
1075
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ CRP ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ููˆุณููˆุฑูŠ
1076
+
1077
+ 271
1078
+ 00:22:02,550 --> 00:22:06,850
1079
+ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠู† ุชุจุน ุงู„ bacterial cell membrane or surface
1080
+
1081
+ 272
1082
+ 00:22:07,990 --> 00:22:14,050
1083
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู„ู‘ู… ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„ ูƒู€ Opsonin
1084
+
1085
+ 273
1086
+ 00:22:14,050 --> 00:22:18,610
1087
+ ูˆู…ุชู‰ ู…ุชุนู„ู‘ู…ุฉ ุชุชู†ุดุท ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุชุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1088
+
1089
+ 274
1090
+ 00:22:18,610 --> 00:22:22,530
1091
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Antibody Complex ูˆุจุชุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ classical
1092
+
1093
+ 275
1094
+ 00:22:22,530 --> 00:22:27,950
1095
+ pathway of the complement ู†ูˆุน ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ acute
1096
+
1097
+ 276
1098
+ 00:22:27,950 --> 00:22:32,360
1099
+ phase ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ Mannose binding ู„ูƒุชูŠู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุชุฑุชุจุธ ุจุงู„ู€
1100
+
1101
+ 277
1102
+ 00:22:32,360 --> 00:22:35,340
1103
+ Mannose ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุจุดุชุบู„ as
1104
+
1105
+ 278
1106
+ 00:22:35,340 --> 00:22:40,040
1107
+ opsonin ูˆุจู†ุดุฑุฉ complement ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง they increase
1108
+
1109
+ 279
1110
+ 00:22:40,040 --> 00:22:43,500
1111
+ the number of circulating neutrophils ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ููŠู‡
1112
+
1113
+ 280
1114
+ 00:22:43,500 --> 00:22:48,240
1115
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูƒุฉ during inflammation ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
1116
+
1117
+ 281
1118
+ 00:22:48,240 --> 00:22:55,000
1119
+ they can activate NK cell ู†ูˆุน
1120
+
1121
+ 282
1122
+ 00:22:55,000 --> 00:22:58,520
1123
+ ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ cytokines ุงู„ interferon Alpha ูˆ Beta
1124
+
1125
+ 283
1126
+ 00:22:59,070 --> 00:23:04,010
1127
+ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ู… ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุฑุชุจุทูŠู† ุจู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุจุนุฏ
1128
+
1129
+ 284
1130
+ 00:23:04,010 --> 00:23:10,950
1131
+ ู…ุง ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ููŠุฑูˆุณูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ู… ุฃู† ูŠุญุทู…ูˆุง
1132
+
1133
+ 285
1134
+ 00:23:10,950 --> 00:23:18,670
1135
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ูˆ ุจูŠู…ู†ุนูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1136
+
1137
+ 286
1138
+ 00:23:18,670 --> 00:23:25,210
1139
+ ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู…ุฉ ุจุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ cytokine interferon Alpha ูˆ
1140
+
1141
+ 287
1142
+ 00:23:25,210 --> 00:23:30,160
1143
+ Beta ู…ุงุฐุง ูุนู„ูˆู‡ุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุฅู†ู‡ู… ู‚ู…ูˆุง ุจุฅุถุงูุฉ ุงู„ู€ MHC
1144
+
1145
+ 288
1146
+ 00:23:30,160 --> 00:23:35,640
1147
+ Class I Expression ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุตุงุจุฉ
1148
+
1149
+ 289
1150
+ 00:23:35,640 --> 00:23:42,540
1151
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ Making a Newly Infected Cell
1152
+
1153
+ 290
1154
+ 00:23:44,910 --> 00:23:49,130
1155
+ ุฎู„ุงุต ุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ุฒูˆุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1156
+
1157
+ 291
1158
+ 00:23:49,130 --> 00:23:52,710
1159
+ expression of MHC class one ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ
1160
+
1161
+ 292
1162
+ 00:23:52,710 --> 00:23:57,850
1163
+ ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ู…ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ูุจุชุชู†ุดุท ุงู„
1164
+
1165
+ 293
1166
+ 00:23:57,850 --> 00:24:02,350
1167
+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes ูˆ ุจุชุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ gamma
1168
+
1169
+ 294
1170
+ 00:24:02,350 --> 00:24:06,690
1171
+ interferon ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ Alpha ูˆ Beta ุงู„ gamma
1172
+
1173
+ 295
1174
+ 00:24:06,690 --> 00:24:12,250
1175
+ interferon ุจุชูุฑุฒ ู…ู† ุงู„ NK cell and other
1176
+
1177
+ 296
1178
+ 00:24:12,250 --> 00:24:16,730
1179
+ effector cells ุทุจุนุง ูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ induction ู„ู€ adaptive
1180
+
1181
+ 297
1182
+ 00:24:16,730 --> 00:24:21,910
1183
+ immune responses ู†ุดูˆู
1184
+
1185
+ 298
1186
+ 00:24:21,910 --> 00:24:26,930
1187
+ inflammatory cytokine ุดูู†ุง ุงู„ innate cytokine ุงู„
1188
+
1189
+ 299
1190
+ 00:24:26,930 --> 00:24:31,090
1191
+ inflammatory cytokine activate inflammatory cells ูˆ
1192
+
1193
+ 300
1194
+ 00:24:31,090 --> 00:24:34,910
1195
+ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… pro-inflammatory cytokine ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุซุงู„
1196
+
1197
+ 301
1198
+ 00:24:34,910 --> 00:24:38,070
1199
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… IL-1 ูˆ 6 ูˆ tumor necrosis factor ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1200
+
1201
+ 302
1202
+ 00:24:38,070 --> 00:24:41,490
1203
+ ุดูู†ุงู‡ู… ุทูˆู„ ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง they increased
1204
+
1205
+ 303
1206
+ 00:24:41,490 --> 00:24:45,030
1207
+ vascular permeability ุจูŠุฒูˆุฏูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1208
+
1209
+ 304
1210
+ 00:24:45,030 --> 00:24:50,390
1211
+ permeability between ุฅูŠุด within blood vessels ุทุจุนุง
1212
+
1213
+ 305
1214
+ 00:24:50,390 --> 00:24:54,170
1215
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ vascular endothelial cells ุจูŠุฒูˆุฏ
1216
+
1217
+ 306
1218
+ 00:24:54,170 --> 00:24:57,030
1219
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ expression of cell adhesion molecules ุนู„ู‰
1220
+
1221
+ 307
1222
+ 00:24:57,030 --> 00:25:01,310
1223
+ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ E ูˆ ุงู„ P selectin ูˆ ุงู„ ICAM 1 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1224
+
1225
+ 308
1226
+ 00:25:01,310 --> 00:25:03,690
1227
+ intercellular adhesion molecule number one
1228
+
1229
+ 309
1230
+ 00:25:03,690 --> 00:25:08,340
1231
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู‡ู„ูˆุง ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ู€ Neutrophil ุจุงู„ู€
1232
+
1233
+ 310
1234
+ 00:25:08,340 --> 00:25:11,980
1235
+ endothelial cells ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูˆู„ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ู…ู† ุฎุทูˆุงุช
1236
+
1237
+ 311
1238
+ 00:25:11,980 --> 00:25:15,940
1239
+ ุงู„ูุงุฌูˆุณุงูŠุชูˆุณุณ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุชุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Diapedesis ูˆู‡ูŠ
1240
+
1241
+ 312
1242
+ 00:25:15,940 --> 00:25:21,500
1243
+ ุจุชู†ุทู„ู‚ ุงู„ู€ Neutrophil ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุญุฏุซ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงู„ู€
1244
+
1245
+ 313
1246
+ 00:25:21,500 --> 00:25:29,920
1247
+ Interleukin ุจุชุฌุฐุจ ุชุนู…ู„ Calling ู„ู€ Macrophage ุจุชุฒุนุฌ
1248
+
1249
+ 314
1250
+ 00:25:29,920 --> 00:25:35,020
1251
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ุงู„ู€ Antigen transforming
1252
+
1253
+ 315
1254
+ 00:25:35,020 --> 00:25:38,840
1255
+ growth factor beta ุจู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ุจุณู…ูˆู‘ู‡ ูŠูˆู…ุฑ
1256
+
1257
+ 316
1258
+ 00:25:38,840 --> 00:25:42,180
1259
+ growth factor beta ุจู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ in terminating
1260
+
1261
+ 317
1262
+ 00:25:42,180 --> 00:25:44,760
1263
+ the inflammatory response ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† inhibitory
1264
+
1265
+ 318
1266
+ 00:25:44,760 --> 00:25:52,920
1267
+ cytokine ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ accumulation
1268
+
1269
+ 319
1270
+ 00:25:52,920 --> 00:25:57,200
1271
+ and proliferation ู„ู„fibroblast ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏุซ and
1272
+
1273
+ 320
1274
+ 00:25:57,200 --> 00:26:00,960
1275
+ deposition of extracellular matrix proteins ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1276
+
1277
+ 321
1278
+ 00:26:00,960 --> 00:26:07,900
1279
+ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ for tissue repair ุทุจ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1280
+
1281
+ 322
1282
+ 00:26:07,900 --> 00:26:11,680
1283
+ chemokine ุฃูˆ ุงู„ cytokine that affect leukocyte
1284
+
1285
+ 323
1286
+ 00:26:11,680 --> 00:26:17,160
1287
+ movement ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง they are usually low molecular
1288
+
1289
+ 324
1290
+ 00:26:17,160 --> 00:26:21,800
1291
+ weight chemotactic cytokines they have 70 to 80
1292
+
1293
+ 325
1294
+ 00:26:21,800 --> 00:26:28,360
1295
+ residues and they have conserved sequences and they
1296
+
1297
+ 326
1298
+ 00:26:28,360 --> 00:26:33,590
1299
+ are potent attractors ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุฌุฒูˆุง ุจู‚ูˆุฉ for various
1300
+
1301
+ 327
1302
+ 00:26:33,590 --> 00:26:36,590
1303
+ leukocyte subsets ุทุจุนุง ุฃู‡ู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ monocyte
1304
+
1305
+ 328
1306
+ 00:26:36,590 --> 00:26:40,710
1307
+ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆููŠู„ ุงู„ู€ monocyte ูˆ ุงู„ lymphocyte example ุนู„ู‰
1308
+
1309
+ 329
1310
+ 00:26:40,710 --> 00:26:48,350
1311
+ ุงู„ chemokine includes IL-8 and this is produced by
1312
+
1313
+ 330
1314
+ 00:26:48,350 --> 00:26:52,610
1315
+ monocytes ูˆ mobilize
1316
+
1317
+ 331
1318
+ 00:26:54,620 --> 00:27:01,120
1319
+ ูˆ ูŠุฏูุน ุงู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆููŠู„ ูˆ ูŠุฏูุน ุงู„ุงู†ุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุณูŠุณ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1320
+
1321
+ 332
1322
+ 00:27:01,120 --> 00:27:04,600
1323
+ cytokine ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูุธ ุงู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆููŠู„ ุนู„ู‰
1324
+
1325
+ 333
1326
+ 00:27:04,600 --> 00:27:08,260
1327
+ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุงู„ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูˆู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุงุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1328
+
1329
+ 334
1330
+ 00:27:08,260 --> 00:27:14,960
1331
+ ุฅูŠู‡ุงุด ุงู„ blood vessels ุฑุงู†ุชุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ ุดุบู„
1332
+
1333
+ 335
1334
+ 00:27:14,960 --> 00:27:19,720
1335
+ ุฑุงู†ุชุณ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง cytokine produced by T
1336
+
1337
+ 336
1338
+ 00:27:19,720 --> 00:27:26,860
1339
+ lymphocytes ูˆุจูŠุฎู„ู‘ูŠ ุงู„ู€Basophil ุชู€Degranulate
1340
+
1341
+ 337
1342
+ 00:27:26,860 --> 00:27:34,160
1343
+ ูˆุจูŠู†ุดู‘ุฑ ุชู„ูŠู†ูุณุงูŠุฒ ุงู„ู€ MCP-1 ุณู†ุดุงู‡ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
1344
+
1345
+ 338
1346
+ 00:27:34,160 --> 00:27:39,000
1347
+ ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุงุชู‡ุง ุฏูŠ Produced by monocytes and activate
1348
+
1349
+ 339
1350
+ 00:27:39,000 --> 00:27:43,440
1351
+ macrophages ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง Stimulate Basophil Histamine
1352
+
1353
+ 340
1354
+ 00:27:43,440 --> 00:27:49,800
1355
+ Release ูˆุจูŠุญูุธ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู†ุดูŠุท ุงู„ู€TL-B2
1356
+
1357
+ 341
1358
+ 00:27:49,800 --> 00:27:59,190
1359
+ pathway ุงู„ู€ MIP1 ูˆุจุฑู‡ู† ุฃูˆ Alpha ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ู† Monocytes
1360
+
1361
+ 342
1362
+ 00:27:59,190 --> 00:28:06,330
1363
+ ูˆู…ุดุงุฑูƒ ุชูŠุฑุจุฑ ูˆุงู† ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุชูŠุฑุจุฑ ุชูˆ ุงู…ูŠูˆู†ูŠุชูŠ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู‡ุฐุง
1364
+
1365
+ 343
1366
+ 00:28:06,330 --> 00:28:09,870
1367
+ MIP1
1368
+
1369
+ 344
1370
+ 00:28:09,870 --> 00:28:13,990
1371
+ ุจูŠุชุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Monocytes ูˆ Neutrophils
1372
+
1373
+ 345
1374
+ 00:28:13,990 --> 00:28:24,210
1375
+ ูˆ Endothelial cells ุจูŠู†ุงูุณ ู…ุน HIV 1 for chemokine
1376
+
1377
+ 346
1378
+ 00:28:24,210 --> 00:28:29,230
1379
+ receptor binding ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุงูุณ ุงู„ู€HIV receptor ููŠ
1380
+
1381
+ 347
1382
+ 00:28:29,230 --> 00:28:32,970
1383
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ู…ู† ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑู‡ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทูˆุจุฉ ู†ุฌุช
1384
+
1385
+ 348
1386
+ 00:28:32,970 --> 00:28:36,450
1387
+ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง MCP ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† monocyte chemotactic
1388
+
1389
+ 349
1390
+ 00:28:36,450 --> 00:28:42,210
1391
+ protein ูˆ ุงู„ู€MIP ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† macrophage
1392
+
1393
+ 350
1394
+ 00:28:42,210 --> 00:28:46,880
1395
+ inflammatory protein ูˆ ุงู„ู€ RANTES ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† regulated
1396
+
1397
+ 351
1398
+ 00:28:46,880 --> 00:28:57,140
1399
+ upon activation normally expressed and secreted ุฏูŠ
1400
+
1401
+ 352
1402
+ 00:28:57,140 --> 00:29:00,140
1403
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ cytokines ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุช stimulate ู‡ู…ูˆ
1404
+
1405
+ 353
1406
+ 00:29:00,140 --> 00:29:05,600
1407
+ hematopoiesis ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู… ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู‡ู… ุฃุฎุฐู†ุงู‡ู… ุงู„ cytokines
1408
+
1409
+ 354
1410
+ 00:29:05,600 --> 00:29:10,880
1411
+ ุฏูŠ ู‡ู… ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูˆ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
1412
+
1413
+ 355
1414
+ 00:29:10,880 --> 00:29:17,720
1415
+ they can be produced in vitro ูˆ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ู… ููŠ
1416
+
1417
+ 356
1418
+ 00:29:17,720 --> 00:29:22,200
1419
+ culture media to induce hematopoiesis ูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู…
1420
+
1421
+ 357
1422
+ 00:29:22,200 --> 00:29:25,800
1423
+ collectively colony stimulating factors ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ
1424
+
1425
+ 358
1426
+ 00:29:25,800 --> 00:29:29,960
1427
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ macrophage colony stimulating factor
1428
+
1429
+ 359
1430
+ 00:29:29,960 --> 00:29:34,700
1431
+ ูˆ ุงู„ granulocyte colony stimulating factor GM-CSF
1432
+
1433
+ 360
1434
+ 00:29:34,700 --> 00:29:39,820
1435
+ IL-3 ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ cytokine stimulate clonal
1436
+
1437
+ 361
1438
+ 00:29:39,820 --> 00:29:43,220
1439
+ growth of large numbers of cell populations ุนุดุงู† ุฅูŠู‡
1440
+
1441
+ 362
1442
+ 00:29:43,220 --> 00:29:48,410
1443
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ father of cytokines ุงูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1444
+
1445
+ 363
1446
+ 00:29:48,410 --> 00:29:56,770
1447
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุฑูˆุจูŠุชูŠู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู†ุดูŠุท ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุฑูˆุจูŠุณูŠุณ
1448
+
1449
+ 364
1450
+ 00:29:56,770 --> 00:30:03,510
1451
+ ุจูŠุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ูˆุฑู…ูˆุจู„ุงุณ ู„ู€ RBCs ูˆ ุงูŠุงู„ ุณุจุนุฉ produced by
1452
+
1453
+ 365
1454
+ 00:30:03,510 --> 00:30:08,230
1455
+ bone marrow and thymic stromal cells ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
1456
+
1457
+ 366
1458
+ 00:30:08,230 --> 00:30:12,160
1459
+ differentiation of lymphoid stem cells ู„ู€ B
1460
+
1461
+ 367
1462
+ 00:30:12,160 --> 00:30:20,060
1463
+ -Lymphocytes ูˆ T-Lymphocytes ุงู„ู€ G-CSF ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…
1464
+
1465
+ 368
1466
+ 00:30:20,060 --> 00:30:24,040
1467
+ to reverse neutropenia ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆุจูŠู†ูŠุง
1468
+
1469
+ 369
1470
+ 00:30:24,040 --> 00:30:27,740
1471
+ ุจูŠุฒูˆุฏ ุชู†ุดูŠุท ุฃูˆ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆููŠู„
1472
+
1473
+ 370
1474
+ 00:30:32,590 --> 00:30:36,270
1475
+ ุจู†ุฒูˆุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ Neutrophils ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€
1476
+
1477
+ 371
1478
+ 00:30:36,270 --> 00:30:41,430
1479
+ high-dose chemotherapy ุงู„ู€ GM-CSF ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง is used to
1480
+
1481
+ 372
1482
+ 00:30:41,430 --> 00:30:43,490
1483
+ treat patients undergoing bone marrow
1484
+
1485
+ 373
1486
+ 00:30:43,490 --> 00:30:48,390
1487
+ transplantation ุดูˆ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ boosting for
1488
+
1489
+ 374
1490
+ 00:30:48,390 --> 00:30:53,220
1491
+ clonal expansion of granulocytes and macrophages ูˆ
1492
+
1493
+ 375
1494
+ 00:30:53,220 --> 00:31:00,480
1495
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ hematopoietic cytokines ุทุจ
1496
+
1497
+ 376
1498
+ 00:31:00,480 --> 00:31:04,100
1499
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ cytokine receptor ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง these
1500
+
1501
+ 377
1502
+ 00:31:04,100 --> 00:31:09,040
1503
+ cytokine can act collectively ุฃู†ุง ุจุญูƒูŠู‡ุง ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ
1504
+
1505
+ 378
1506
+ 00:31:09,040 --> 00:31:12,820
1507
+ cytokine collectively can act only on target cells
1508
+
1509
+ 379
1510
+ 00:31:14,360 --> 00:31:17,480
1511
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง receptor for the cytokine ู…ุง
1512
+
1513
+ 380
1514
+ 00:31:17,480 --> 00:31:20,780
1515
+ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูู‚ุท ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง
1516
+
1517
+ 381
1518
+ 00:31:20,780 --> 00:31:25,060
1519
+ receptor for the cytokine ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ ุงู„ู€ resting
1520
+
1521
+ 382
1522
+ 00:31:25,060 --> 00:31:31,500
1523
+ cell ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ do not express receptor ู…ุงุดูŠ or
1524
+
1525
+ 383
1526
+ 00:31:31,500 --> 00:31:36,350
1527
+ they express it in low affinity ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ IL-2
1528
+
1529
+ 384
1530
+ 00:31:36,350 --> 00:31:40,770
1531
+ ุฑูŠุณูŠุจุชูˆุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Intermediate Affinity Diameter
1532
+
1533
+ 385
1534
+ 00:31:40,770 --> 00:31:47,470
1535
+ ุจูŠุชุงุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ู€ Chain ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ุง ููŠ High
1536
+
1537
+ 386
1538
+ 00:31:47,470 --> 00:31:51,330
1539
+ Affinity Diameter ูŠูˆู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ Chain ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
1540
+
1541
+ 387
1542
+ 00:31:51,330 --> 00:31:54,230
1543
+ Low Affinity ุจู‚ู‰ ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ resting cell ู„ูƒู† ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง
1544
+
1545
+ 388
1546
+ 00:31:54,230 --> 00:31:59,410
1547
+ ุชุชู†ุดู‚ ุจุชุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ triangular ูŠุนู†ูŠ three
1548
+
1549
+ 389
1550
+ 00:31:59,410 --> 00:32:03,030
1551
+ chain
1552
+
1553
+ 390
1554
+ 00:32:03,030 --> 00:32:09,350
1555
+ receptors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… Alpha, Beta, Gamma ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ in
1556
+
1557
+ 391
1558
+ 00:32:09,350 --> 00:32:14,350
1559
+ response to IL-2 secretion ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1560
+
1561
+ 392
1562
+ 00:32:14,350 --> 00:32:17,950
1563
+ ุงุณุชู‚ู„ุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ cytokine to cytokine receptor
1564
+
1565
+ 393
1566
+ 00:32:17,950 --> 00:32:28,260
1567
+ interaction ุจุฏุฃุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู„ู‰
1568
+
1569
+ 394
1570
+ 00:32:28,260 --> 00:32:36,760
1571
+ ูˆุถุน ุฎุทุท ู„ู…ู†ุน ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู€
1572
+
1573
+ 395
1574
+ 00:32:36,760 --> 00:32:40,420
1575
+ inflammatory responses ุฒูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช Rheumatoid
1576
+
1577
+ 396
1578
+ 00:32:40,420 --> 00:32:44,220
1579
+ Arthritis ุฃูˆ Transplantation Rejection ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
1580
+
1581
+ 397
1582
+ 00:32:44,220 --> 00:32:47,260
1583
+ ู…ุนุฑูุชู†ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ุนุฑูุชู†ุง ู„ู„ู€ cytokine to cytokine
1584
+
1585
+ 398
1586
+ 00:32:47,260 --> 00:32:53,880
1587
+ receptor interaction ุฃู‚ุฏุฑู†ุง ู†ุณุชุฎู„ุต ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุงุช
1588
+
1589
+ 399
1590
+ 00:32:53,880 --> 00:33:00,420
1591
+ ุนู„ุงุฌูŠุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุน ูˆุธุงุฆู ุฃูˆ ุนู…ู„ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุฃุซู†ุงุก
1592
+
1593
+ 400
1594
+ 00:33:00,420 --> 00:33:03,620
1595
+ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ Rheumatoid Arthritis ุฃูˆ
1596
+
1597
+ 401
1598
+ 00:33:03,620 --> 00:33:11,380
1599
+ Transplantation ุทูŠุจ ู‚ุณู…ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ receptors ุฃูˆ ุฎู…ุณ
1600
+
1601
+ 402
1602
+ 00:33:11,380 --> 00:33:17,780
1603
+ ุนุงุฆู„ุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฅู…ุง immunoglobulin superfamily
1604
+
1605
+ 403
1606
+ 00:33:17,780 --> 00:33:24,540
1607
+ receptor ุฃูˆ class one cytokine receptor ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู…
1608
+
1609
+ 404
1610
+ 00:33:24,540 --> 00:33:28,420
1611
+ hemopoietin receptor family ูˆ class 2 cytokine
1612
+
1613
+ 405
1614
+ 00:33:28,420 --> 00:33:32,920
1615
+ receptor ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… interferon receptor family ุซู…
1616
+
1617
+ 406
1618
+ 00:33:32,920 --> 00:33:36,140
1619
+ transform ุฃูˆ tumor necrosis factor receptor super
1620
+
1621
+ 407
1622
+ 00:33:36,140 --> 00:33:42,060
1623
+ family and chemokine receptor family ุฎู…ุณ ุนุงุฆู„ุงุช
1624
+
1625
+ 408
1626
+ 00:33:42,060 --> 00:33:46,080
1627
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
1628
+
1629
+ 409
1630
+ 00:33:46,080 --> 00:33:50,560
1631
+ immunoglobulin super family ูˆู‡ูŠ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ cytokine
1632
+
1633
+ 410
1634
+ 00:33:50,560 --> 00:33:57,860
1635
+ ุชุฑุชุจุท ููŠู‡ุง ุซู… class one cytokine receptor ูˆู‡ูŠ ูƒู…ุงู†
1636
+
1637
+ 411
1638
+ 00:33:57,860 --> 00:34:03,320
1639
+ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุซู… class two ุซู… human cross factor
1640
+
1641
+ 412
1642
+ 00:34:03,320 --> 00:34:08,160
1643
+ ุซู… chemokine receptor ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู…
1644
+
1645
+ 413
1646
+ 00:34:08,160 --> 00:34:13,320
1647
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† receptor ู„ู‡ุง ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ูƒู† ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุชุดุชุฑูƒ ููŠ
1648
+
1649
+ 414
1650
+ 00:34:13,320 --> 00:34:16,660
1651
+ different domains ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุขู†
1652
+
1653
+ 415
1654
+ 00:34:19,980 --> 00:34:20,880
1655
+ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู€
1656
+
1657
+ 416
1658
+ 00:34:20,880 --> 00:34:24,480
1659
+ Immunoglobulin Superfamily Receptor ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰
1660
+
1661
+ 417
1662
+ 00:34:24,480 --> 00:34:25,860
1663
+ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดุงุจู‡ ู„ู„ุฅู…ูŠู†oglobulin
1664
+
1665
+ 418
1666
+ 00:34:25,860 --> 00:34:31,080
1667
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠู‡ domain ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุฏูŠ Receptor
1668
+
1669
+ 419
1670
+ 00:34:31,080 --> 00:34:34,000
1671
+ ูุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู€
1672
+
1673
+ 420
1674
+ 00:34:34,000 --> 00:34:38,400
1675
+ Immunoglobulin Superfamily Receptor ูˆู‚ุช ุชุถู… ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ
1676
+
1677
+ 421
1678
+ 00:34:38,400 --> 00:34:46,840
1679
+ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Receptor ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ Receptor ุชุจุนู‡ุง at
1680
+
1681
+ 422
1682
+ 00:34:46,840 --> 00:34:53,480
1683
+ least for one immunoglobulinLike Domain Class I
1684
+
1685
+ 423
1686
+ 00:34:53,480 --> 00:34:57,900
1687
+ ุณูŠุทูˆูƒุงูŠู† ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุฃูˆ ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง hemopoietin receptor
1688
+
1689
+ 424
1690
+ 00:34:57,900 --> 00:35:06,440
1691
+ family ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† two polypeptide chain ูˆูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
1692
+
1693
+ 425
1694
+ 00:35:06,440 --> 00:35:11,380
1695
+ alpha ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ signal transduction ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ Alpha
1696
+
1697
+ 426
1698
+ 00:35:11,380 --> 00:35:14,400
1699
+ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ Beta ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ signal
1700
+
1701
+ 427
1702
+ 00:35:14,400 --> 00:35:18,820
1703
+ transduction ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุฅู…ุง Beta ูˆุฅู…ุง Gamma ุญุณุจ
1704
+
1705
+ 428
1706
+ 00:35:18,820 --> 00:35:23,680
1707
+ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ cytokine ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…
1708
+
1709
+ 429
1710
+ 00:35:23,680 --> 00:35:28,660
1711
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ class one family
1712
+
1713
+ 430
1714
+ 00:35:28,660 --> 00:35:36,260
1715
+ class one receptor family ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ IL2
1716
+
1717
+ 431
1718
+ 00:35:36,260 --> 00:35:46,190
1719
+ IL3 IL5Y15 ูˆ GM ูˆ GCSF Class 2 ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
1720
+
1721
+ 432
1722
+ 00:35:46,190 --> 00:35:52,730
1723
+ Interferon ู…ุงุดูŠ Receptor family ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1724
+
1725
+ 433
1726
+ 00:35:52,730 --> 00:35:58,050
1727
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Interferon and they have
1728
+
1729
+ 434
1730
+ 00:35:58,050 --> 00:36:06,320
1731
+ biological activity that overlap ู…ุน ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุทูŠู†
1732
+
1733
+ 435
1734
+ 00:36:06,320 --> 00:36:12,960
1735
+ ุจู€ Interferon ุฒูŠ IL-10, Tumor Necrosis Factor
1736
+
1737
+ 436
1738
+ 00:36:12,960 --> 00:36:20,480
1739
+ Receptor Superfamily ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
1740
+
1741
+ 437
1742
+ 00:36:20,480 --> 00:36:24,580
1743
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Adapter Protein ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Tumor
1744
+
1745
+ 438
1746
+ 00:36:24,580 --> 00:36:30,600
1747
+ Necrosis Factor Receptor Associated Factor ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡
1748
+
1749
+ 439
1750
+ 00:36:30,600 --> 00:36:35,600
1751
+ ุงู„ู€ Receptor ูˆุงู„ู†ูƒุฑูˆุณูŠุณ ูุงูƒุชูˆุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ
1752
+
1753
+ 440
1754
+ 00:36:35,600 --> 00:36:36,180
1755
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ
1756
+
1757
+ 441
1758
+ 00:36:36,180 --> 00:36:38,240
1759
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ
1760
+
1761
+ 442
1762
+ 00:36:38,240 --> 00:36:39,620
1763
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ
1764
+
1765
+ 443
1766
+ 00:36:39,620 --> 00:36:43,440
1767
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ
1768
+
1769
+ 444
1770
+ 00:36:43,440 --> 00:36:48,460
1771
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ
1772
+
1773
+ 445
1774
+ 00:36:48,460 --> 00:36:48,920
1775
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ
1776
+
1777
+ 446
1778
+ 00:36:48,920 --> 00:36:51,020
1779
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ
1780
+
1781
+ 447
1782
+ 00:36:51,020 --> 00:36:52,740
1783
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ
1784
+
1785
+ 448
1786
+ 00:36:52,740 --> 00:37:00,540
1787
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ
1788
+
1789
+ 449
1790
+ 00:37:01,880 --> 00:37:25,120
1791
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
1792
+
1793
+ 450
1794
+ 00:37:25,120 --> 00:37:28,620
1795
+ ู…ุชุจุงูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ pathogen ู…ุซู„
1796
+
1797
+ 451
1798
+ 00:37:31,150 --> 00:37:35,750
1799
+ Streptococcus pneumonia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ Platelet
1800
+
1801
+ 452
1802
+ 00:37:35,750 --> 00:37:40,270
1803
+ Activating Factor Receptor ุจุชุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ Plasmodium
1804
+
1805
+ 453
1806
+ 00:37:40,270 --> 00:37:47,110
1807
+ V-Vax ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ Duffy Blood Group Antigen
1808
+
1809
+ 454
1810
+ 00:37:47,110 --> 00:37:54,410
1811
+ ุจุชุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ HIV-1 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Receptor ุชุจุนู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1812
+
1813
+ 455
1814
+ 00:37:54,410 --> 00:37:59,310
1815
+ CXC R4 ูˆ Chemokine Receptor 5
1816
+
1817
+ 456
1818
+ 00:38:01,950 --> 00:38:05,790
1819
+ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠู† ู„ู€ Viral Entry into T Cell and
1820
+
1821
+ 457
1822
+ 00:38:05,790 --> 00:38:10,950
1823
+ Macrophage Respectively ูˆู‡ุฐุง
1824
+
1825
+ 458
1826
+ 00:38:10,950 --> 00:38:18,050
1827
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ cytokine in disease ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ุฎูุฌุฑ
1828
+
1829
+ 459
1830
+ 00:38:18,050 --> 00:38:25,490
1831
+ ูƒูŠู ุชุตุจุญ ุงู„ู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Receptor ู…ุฑุชุจุท
1832
+
1833
+ 460
1834
+ 00:38:25,490 --> 00:38:28,690
1835
+ ุจู€ Adapter ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ู…ู† ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู€
1836
+
1837
+ 461
1838
+ 00:38:28,690 --> 00:38:30,730
1839
+ Intracytoplasmic
1840
+
1841
+ 462
1842
+ 00:38:32,560 --> 00:38:37,500
1843
+ ุจูˆุฑุดูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ ุฌุงูƒูŠ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุฃูŠ ุงู„ู€ cytokine ูŠูุฑุฒ
1844
+
1845
+ 463
1846
+ 00:38:37,500 --> 00:38:44,680
1847
+ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ูˆู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจ ุงู„ู€ receptor ุชุจุนู‡ ูู…ุชู…ุง ุงุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€
1848
+
1849
+ 464
1850
+ 00:38:44,680 --> 00:38:48,040
1851
+ receptor ุชุจุนู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ dimerization ุดุงูŠููŠู†
1852
+
1853
+ 465
1854
+ 00:38:48,040 --> 00:38:53,400
1855
+ ูƒุฏู‡ ู…ุชุจุงุนุฏ ุงู„ู€ receptor ุนู† ุจุนุถ ู„ูƒู† ูŠูˆู… ูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู€
1856
+
1857
+ 466
1858
+ 00:38:53,400 --> 00:38:57,040
1859
+ cytokine ูŠูุฑุฒ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ dimerization ู„ ุงู„ู€ receptors
1860
+
1861
+ 467
1862
+ 00:38:57,040 --> 00:39:00,630
1863
+ ู…ุชู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ dimerization ูˆ ูŠุฑุดูƒู„ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1864
+
1865
+ 468
1866
+ 00:39:00,630 --> 00:39:03,170
1867
+ activation ู„ู„ุฌุงูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ adaptor ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†
1868
+
1869
+ 469
1870
+ 00:39:03,170 --> 00:39:08,230
1871
+ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† energy dependent
1872
+
1873
+ 470
1874
+ 00:39:08,230 --> 00:39:14,430
1875
+ process ู†ูู‚ุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุทุงู‚ุฉ ATP ุจูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ ADP ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ
1876
+
1877
+ 471
1878
+ 00:39:14,430 --> 00:39:20,870
1879
+ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ phosphorylation ู„ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุงูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1880
+
1881
+ 472
1882
+ 00:39:20,870 --> 00:39:25,750
1883
+ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ activation ู„ู„ุฌุงูƒ ุจู†ุดุทู„ู†ุง
1884
+
1885
+ 473
1886
+ 00:39:25,750 --> 00:39:32,770
1887
+ another ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุจู†ุณู…ูˆู‡ STAT ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง
1888
+
1889
+ 474
1890
+ 00:39:32,770 --> 00:39:36,030
1891
+ phosphorylation ู…ุง ุช ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุง ุชุตุฑููˆุง ุงู„ู€
1892
+
1893
+ 475
1894
+ 00:39:36,030 --> 00:39:38,990
1895
+ phosphorylation ู„ู„ STAT ุจูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง ูˆุตุงุฑู„ู‡
1896
+
1897
+ 476
1898
+ 00:39:38,990 --> 00:39:46,050
1899
+ dimerization ูˆุฅุฐุง ุงุชุญุตุฑ dimerized ุงู„ู€ STAT ุจูŠู†ุชู‚ู„
1900
+
1901
+ 477
1902
+ 00:39:46,050 --> 00:39:52,510
1903
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ nucleus ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุฑุชุจุท ุจุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู†
1904
+
1905
+ 478
1906
+ 00:39:52,510 --> 00:39:59,690
1907
+ transcription of specific air ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ action
1908
+
1909
+ 479
1910
+ 00:40:01,290 --> 00:40:06,410
1911
+ ู…ุดูŠ ุจูŠุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ู€ Receptor
1912
+
1913
+ 480
1914
+ 00:40:06,410 --> 00:40:11,010
1915
+ ู…ุชุจุงุนุฏ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุฅูŠู‡ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆูŠู† ู…ู†
1916
+
1917
+ 481
1918
+ 00:40:11,010 --> 00:40:15,210
1919
+ Extra Cellular ูˆ Transmembrane ูˆ Intracytoplasmic
1920
+
1921
+ 482
1922
+ 00:40:15,210 --> 00:40:19,390
1923
+ portion ุงู„ู€ Intracytoplasmic portion ู…ุฑุชุจุท
1924
+
1925
+ 483
1926
+ 00:40:19,390 --> 00:40:24,370
1927
+ ุจุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Adapter Protein ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Jack
1928
+
1929
+ 484
1930
+ 00:40:24,370 --> 00:40:30,470
1931
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Janus Activated Kinase ู…ุงุดูŠ
1932
+
1933
+ 485
1934
+ 00:40:31,850 --> 00:40:35,350
1935
+ This ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุง ูŠูุฑุฒ ุงู„ู€ cytokine
1936
+
1937
+ 486
1938
+ 00:40:35,350 --> 00:40:41,110
1939
+ Automatically ุงู„ุฑูŠุณูŠุจุชุฑ ุจูŠุณู…ู„ู‡ dimerization ุจูŠุฌุฑุจ
1940
+
1941
+ 487
1942
+ 00:40:41,110 --> 00:40:45,370
1943
+ ู…ู† ุจุนุถู‡ ูˆู…ุชู…ุง ุฌุฑุจ ู…ู† ุจุนุถู‡ ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุตุงุฑู„ู‡
1944
+
1945
+ 488
1946
+ 00:40:45,370 --> 00:40:49,130
1947
+ dimerization ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ุดูƒู„ู‡ ูุฏูŠ ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ู„ู„ู€ jack ุงู„ู€
1948
+
1949
+ 489
1950
+ 00:40:49,130 --> 00:40:53,650
1951
+ routine to be activated ูุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชู†ุทู‚ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡
1952
+
1953
+ 490
1954
+ 00:40:53,650 --> 00:40:57,670
1955
+ energy independent ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูู†ุง ุงู„ู€ ATP ุจูŠูู‚ุฏ ูˆู…ุชุญูˆู„
1956
+
1957
+ 491
1958
+ 00:40:57,670 --> 00:41:02,560
1959
+ ู„ู€ ADP ู‡ุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ู€ jack ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุดุทู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
1960
+
1961
+ 492
1962
+ 00:41:02,560 --> 00:41:05,060
1963
+ transcriptional factor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุณุชุงุช
1964
+
1965
+ 493
1966
+ 00:41:05,060 --> 00:41:11,440
1967
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูˆู„ู…ุง ุงุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ุณุชุงุช ุจุณ ุงู„ู€ modernization
1968
+
1969
+ 494
1970
+ 00:41:11,440 --> 00:41:16,940
1971
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชุณู‡ู„ ุฏุฎูˆู„ู‡ ู„ ุงู„ู€ nucleus ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
1972
+
1973
+ 495
1974
+ 00:41:16,940 --> 00:41:21,600
1975
+ DNA ูˆูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุฌูŠู†ุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจูŠุญูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ transcription
1976
+
1977
+ 496
1978
+ 00:41:21,600 --> 00:41:27,680
1979
+ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ูุฑุตุฉ ุงู‡ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† which induce
1980
+
1981
+ 497
1982
+ 00:41:27,680 --> 00:41:28,320
1983
+ activity
1984
+
1985
+ 498
1986
+ 00:41:34,750 --> 00:41:39,810
1987
+ Cytokine must generate intracellular signal ุทุจุนุง
1988
+
1989
+ 499
1990
+ 00:41:39,810 --> 00:41:45,390
1991
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู†ุชุฌุฑ ุงู„ู€ active transcriptional
1992
+
1993
+ 500
1994
+ 00:41:45,390 --> 00:41:49,230
1995
+ factor ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ gene expression
1996
+
1997
+ 501
1998
+ 00:41:49,230 --> 00:41:53,710
1999
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃุดูˆู ู…ุทูˆู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุดุฑุญ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
2000
+
2001
+ 502
2002
+ 00:41:53,710 --> 00:41:56,870
2003
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ binding of a cytokine to its
2004
+
2005
+ 503
2006
+ 00:41:56,870 --> 00:42:01,270
2007
+ cellular receptor ู…ุงุฐุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ polymerization
2008
+
2009
+ 504
2010
+ 00:42:01,270 --> 00:42:02,130
2011
+ ุฃูˆ
2012
+
2013
+ 505
2014
+ 00:42:05,690 --> 00:42:09,850
2015
+ Signaling is initiated by activation of JAK, ู†ุดุท
2016
+
2017
+ 506
2018
+ 00:42:09,850 --> 00:42:14,530
2019
+ JAK kinases. ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† family of cytosolic
2020
+
2021
+ 507
2022
+ 00:42:14,530 --> 00:42:20,030
2023
+ protein tyrosine kinase ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ interaction that
2024
+
2025
+ 508
2026
+ 00:42:20,030 --> 00:42:27,100
2027
+ interact with the cytoplasmic domain ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰
2028
+
2029
+ 509
2030
+ 00:42:27,100 --> 00:42:30,760
2031
+ phosphorylation of tyrosine residue ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
2032
+
2033
+ 510
2034
+ 00:42:30,760 --> 00:42:34,400
2035
+ ุงู„ู€cytoplasmic domain of the receptor ุฅู† ุดุฑุญุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
2036
+
2037
+ 511
2038
+ 00:42:34,400 --> 00:42:38,320
2039
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุทูˆูŠู„ ุดุฑุญุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุฌุฑ ุฃู†ุง and on a family of
2040
+
2041
+ 512
2042
+ 00:42:38,320 --> 00:42:41,460
2043
+ transcriptional factors ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง STAT ุฃูˆ ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑู‡ุง
2044
+
2045
+ 513
2046
+ 00:42:41,460 --> 00:42:46,820
2047
+ signal transducer and activator of
2048
+
2049
+ 514
2050
+ 00:42:46,820 --> 00:42:47,640
2051
+ transcription
2052
+
2053
+ 515
2054
+ 00:42:51,360 --> 00:42:55,400
2055
+ ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ู…ุฑุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ููˆุณููˆุฑูŠู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฌุฑุงุก ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช
2056
+
2057
+ 516
2058
+ 00:42:55,400 --> 00:42:56,020
2059
+ ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช
2060
+
2061
+ 517
2062
+ 00:42:56,020 --> 00:42:57,380
2063
+ ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช
2064
+
2065
+ 518
2066
+ 00:42:57,380 --> 00:42:59,620
2067
+ ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช
2068
+
2069
+ 519
2070
+ 00:42:59,620 --> 00:42:59,920
2071
+ ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช
2072
+
2073
+ 520
2074
+ 00:42:59,920 --> 00:43:01,940
2075
+ ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช
2076
+
2077
+ 521
2078
+ 00:43:01,940 --> 00:43:02,180
2079
+ ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช
2080
+
2081
+ 522
2082
+ 00:43:02,180 --> 00:43:12,640
2083
+ ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒ
2084
+
2085
+ 523
2086
+ 00:43:14,550 --> 00:43:19,130
2087
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุตุญูˆุจุฉ ุจู€ cytoplasmic protein ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… ุจุฅูุฑุงุฒ
2088
+
2089
+ 524
2090
+ 00:43:19,130 --> 00:43:22,870
2091
+ ุทุจุนุง ุชูƒูˆูŠู† cytoplasmic protein ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… suppressor
2092
+
2093
+ 525
2094
+ 00:43:22,870 --> 00:43:28,590
2095
+ of cytokine suppressor of cytokine ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… SOCS
2096
+
2097
+ 526
2098
+ 00:43:28,590 --> 00:43:34,290
2099
+ protein and this signaling protein regulate the
2100
+
2101
+ 527
2102
+ 00:43:34,290 --> 00:43:38,590
2103
+ signal transduction ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจู€ cytokine
2104
+
2105
+ 528
2106
+ 00:43:38,590 --> 00:43:41,590
2107
+ receptor ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ signaling protein
2108
+
2109
+ 529
2110
+ 00:43:45,750 --> 00:43:51,090
2111
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ุฏูŠ degradation ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุชู‰ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ
2112
+
2113
+ 530
2114
+ 00:43:51,090 --> 00:43:56,130
2115
+ ุจุชู†ุงูุณ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ signaling protein ููŠ
2116
+
2117
+ 531
2118
+ 00:43:56,130 --> 00:44:00,190
2119
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุงู„ receptor ุชุจุนุชู‡ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจุทู„ ููŠ
2120
+
2121
+ 532
2122
+ 00:44:00,190 --> 00:44:05,030
2123
+ action ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ cytokine ุฃูˆ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงู๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุด
2124
+
2125
+ 533
2126
+ 00:44:05,030 --> 00:44:09,970
2127
+ reaction ุฏูŠ regulation of normal SOCS ุจู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ
2128
+
2129
+ 534
2130
+ 00:44:09,970 --> 00:44:21,070
2131
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุจ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุจุงู„
2132
+
2133
+ 535
2134
+ 00:44:21,070 --> 00:44:28,050
2135
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ protein can
2136
+
2137
+ 536
2138
+ 00:44:28,050 --> 00:44:35,090
2139
+ manipulate the function of certain cytokine
2140
+
2141
+ 537
2142
+ 00:44:35,090 --> 00:44:40,270
2143
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ we can treat diseases by using them
2144
+
2145
+ 538
2146
+ 00:44:43,160 --> 00:44:47,440
2147
+ ุทุจ ู†ุดูˆู ุฏูˆุฑู‡ู… ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ cytokine ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ู†ู…ุฑ
2148
+
2149
+ 539
2150
+ 00:44:47,440 --> 00:44:54,200
2151
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ toxic shock syndrome ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง
2152
+
2153
+ 540
2154
+ 00:44:54,200 --> 00:44:58,200
2155
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุฎุด ุงู„ antigen ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจูŠุชูˆูุฑุฒ ุงู„
2156
+
2157
+ 541
2158
+ 00:44:58,200 --> 00:45:00,880
2159
+ cytokine ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุจุชุนู…ู„ู†ุง toxic shock
2160
+
2161
+ 542
2162
+ 00:45:00,880 --> 00:45:04,080
2163
+ syndrome ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ it's initiated by the
2164
+
2165
+ 543
2166
+ 00:45:04,080 --> 00:45:07,020
2167
+ release of super antigen ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ super antigen
2168
+
2169
+ 544
2170
+ 00:45:08,870 --> 00:45:11,170
2171
+ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ cytokine
2172
+
2173
+ 545
2174
+ 00:45:11,170 --> 00:45:17,310
2175
+ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุจุชู†ุดุฑ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ T lymphocyte ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
2176
+
2177
+ 546
2178
+ 00:45:17,310 --> 00:45:20,490
2179
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ antigen ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ูˆุงู„
2180
+
2181
+ 547
2182
+ 00:45:20,490 --> 00:45:22,690
2183
+ super antigen ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ antigen ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ูˆุงู„ super
2184
+
2185
+ 548
2186
+ 00:45:22,690 --> 00:45:27,810
2187
+ antigen ููŠ ุชู†ุดูŠุท ุงู„ T lymphocyte ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„
2188
+
2189
+ 549
2190
+ 00:45:27,810 --> 00:45:34,490
2191
+ antigen ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑ ุชู„ุงู ู…ู† ุงู„ T lymphocyte
2192
+
2193
+ 550
2194
+ 00:45:34,490 --> 00:45:40,820
2195
+ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุชุชู†ุดุท ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ super
2196
+
2197
+ 551
2198
+ 00:45:40,820 --> 00:45:44,760
2199
+ antigen ูƒู„ ุงู„ cytokine ุงู„ุชู„ูŠููˆุณูŠุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
2200
+
2201
+ 552
2202
+ 00:45:44,760 --> 00:45:50,700
2203
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุชุชู†ุดุฑ ูุชุฎูŠู„ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ
2204
+
2205
+ 553
2206
+ 00:45:50,700 --> 00:45:55,980
2207
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠ .. ุจูŠ .. ุจูŠ .. ุจูŠ .. ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
2208
+
2209
+ 554
2210
+ 00:45:55,980 --> 00:45:59,480
2211
+ excessive
2212
+
2213
+ 555
2214
+ 00:45:59,480 --> 00:46:04,200
2215
+ production of cytokine ูˆูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู„ู„ cytokine ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ
2216
+
2217
+ 556
2218
+ 00:46:04,200 --> 00:46:09,980
2219
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจุชุนู…ู„ dysregulation ู„ู„Cytokine Network ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ
2220
+
2221
+ 557
2222
+ 00:46:09,980 --> 00:46:14,680
2223
+ ุฅู„ู‰ IL-1 ูˆ TNF ูˆ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
2224
+
2225
+ 558
2226
+ 00:46:14,680 --> 00:46:17,760
2227
+ ุงู„ cytokine two cytokine ุฏูŠ induce systemic
2228
+
2229
+ 559
2230
+ 00:46:17,760 --> 00:46:24,000
2231
+ reaction ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ููŠูˆุฑ ูˆ blood clotting diarrhea
2232
+
2233
+ 560
2234
+ 00:46:24,000 --> 00:46:28,080
2235
+ drop in blood pressure and shock ูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช
2236
+
2237
+ 561
2238
+ 00:46:28,080 --> 00:46:35,190
2239
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ death ู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุงู„ IL-1 ูˆ ุงู„ TNF
2240
+
2241
+ 562
2242
+ 00:46:35,190 --> 00:46:40,690
2243
+ ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ
2244
+
2245
+ 563
2246
+ 00:46:40,690 --> 00:46:45,590
2247
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุชู†ุดูŠุท ุงู„ู„ูŠู…ููˆุณุงูŠุช ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
2248
+
2249
+ 564
2250
+ 00:46:45,590 --> 00:46:50,030
2251
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ toxic shock syndrome ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ุธุงู‡ุฑู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง
2252
+
2253
+ 565
2254
+ 00:46:50,030 --> 00:46:53,430
2255
+ fever ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ blood clotting diarrhea
2256
+
2257
+ 566
2258
+ 00:46:53,430 --> 00:46:58,350
2259
+ drop in blood pressure ูˆ shock ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰
2260
+
2261
+ 567
2262
+ 00:46:58,350 --> 00:47:03,470
2263
+ ุงู„ูˆูุงุฉ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Bacterial Septic Shock ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
2264
+
2265
+ 568
2266
+ 00:47:03,470 --> 00:47:08,690
2267
+ Overproduction of Cytokine ุงู„ุชูŠ ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู†
2268
+
2269
+ 569
2270
+ 00:47:08,690 --> 00:47:12,010
2271
+ ู…ุตุญูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ Gram Negative Bacterial Infection
2272
+
2273
+ 570
2274
+ 00:47:12,010 --> 00:47:18,970
2275
+ ุฃูˆ Endotoxin produced by these bacteria ุจุชู†ุดุทู„ู†ุง
2276
+
2277
+ 571
2278
+ 00:47:18,970 --> 00:47:24,530
2279
+ ุงู„ู…ุงูƒุฑูˆูุงุฌ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชูุฑุฒ IL-1 ูˆTumor Necrosis
2280
+
2281
+ 572
2282
+ 00:47:24,530 --> 00:47:29,740
2283
+ Factor ุงู„ุชูŠ ุดูู†ุงู‡ู… Alphaุงู„ุฐูŠ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ fatal form
2284
+
2285
+ 573
2286
+ 00:47:29,740 --> 00:47:42,780
2287
+ of bacterial septic shock ุญุงู„ุฉ
2288
+
2289
+ 574
2290
+ 00:47:42,780 --> 00:47:50,300
2291
+ ุงู„ cancer ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ cancer ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
2292
+
2293
+ 575
2294
+ 00:47:50,300 --> 00:47:56,020
2295
+ ููŠู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง several lymphoid ูˆ myeloid
2296
+
2297
+ 576
2298
+ 00:47:56,020 --> 00:47:56,520
2299
+ cancer
2300
+
2301
+ 577
2302
+ 00:47:59,730 --> 00:48:02,570
2303
+ ุงู„ุชูŠ are associated with abnormally high level of
2304
+
2305
+ 578
2306
+ 00:48:02,570 --> 00:48:06,410
2307
+ cytokine ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจุฑุถู‡ cytokine receptor
2308
+
2309
+ 579
2310
+ 00:48:06,410 --> 00:48:10,990
2311
+ expression ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ T cell
2312
+
2313
+ 580
2314
+ 00:48:10,990 --> 00:48:21,250
2315
+ ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุบุงู„ุจุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง T cell ุฃูˆ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ T cell ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง
2316
+
2317
+ 581
2318
+ 00:48:21,250 --> 00:48:23,150
2319
+ virus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ HDLV1
2320
+
2321
+ 582
2322
+ 00:48:25,350 --> 00:48:33,530
2323
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠู…ููˆุณุงูŠุช
2324
+
2325
+ 583
2326
+ 00:48:33,530 --> 00:48:41,630
2327
+ ูˆูˆุฌุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชูุฑุฒ IL-2 ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ IL-2 receptor ููŠ
2328
+
2329
+ 584
2330
+ 00:48:41,630 --> 00:48:47,750
2331
+ ุบูŠุงุจ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ autocrine stimulation
2332
+
2333
+ 585
2334
+ 00:48:47,750 --> 00:48:52,750
2335
+ of infected T cell ูˆุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ uncontrolled
2336
+
2337
+ 586
2338
+ 00:48:52,750 --> 00:48:59,450
2339
+ growth ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ T cell leukemia ุงู„ุชูŠ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุณุจุจู‡ุง
2340
+
2341
+ 587
2342
+ 00:48:59,450 --> 00:49:00,610
2343
+ HTLV-1
2344
+
2345
+ 588
2346
+ 00:49:05,050 --> 00:49:08,930
2347
+ T lymphocyte is infected with this virus ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
2348
+
2349
+ 589
2350
+ 00:49:08,930 --> 00:49:13,030
2351
+ ุชูุฑุฒ ุงู„ IL-2 ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ receptor ุชุจุน ุงู„
2352
+
2353
+ 590
2354
+ 00:49:13,030 --> 00:49:19,590
2355
+ IL-2 ุจูŠูุฑุฒ ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
2356
+
2357
+ 591
2358
+ 00:49:19,590 --> 00:49:26,410
2359
+ T lymphocyte ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† T lymphocyte ููŠ ุบูŠุงุจ ุงู„
2360
+
2361
+ 592
2362
+ 00:49:26,410 --> 00:49:31,830
2363
+ antigen ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ autocrine stimulation
2364
+
2365
+ 593
2366
+ 00:49:38,860 --> 00:49:43,300
2367
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ุขุฎุฑ ู†ูŠูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ B cell ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ูŠู†ุชุฌ
2368
+
2369
+ 594
2370
+ 00:49:43,300 --> 00:49:49,680
2371
+ IL-6 ู…ุซุงู„ ุขุฎุฑ ู‡ูˆุฏุฌูƒูŠู† ุฏูŠุฒูŠุฒ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† IL
2372
+
2373
+ 595
2374
+ 00:49:49,680 --> 00:49:58,440
2375
+ -5 ุชู†ุชุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ auto immunity ูˆ ุงู„ disease ุงู„ุชูŠ
2376
+
2377
+ 596
2378
+ 00:49:58,440 --> 00:50:00,480
2379
+ ุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู„ูŠู…ููˆุณุงูŠุช
2380
+
2381
+ 597
2382
+ 00:50:02,980 --> 00:50:10,680
2383
+ ุฃุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ุงู„ุชุญูƒู…ูŠ ู„ุฌูŠู„ุงุช ูˆุฌูŠู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠูˆุจูŠุง
2384
+
2385
+ 598
2386
+ 00:50:10,680 --> 00:50:16,500
2387
+ ูˆุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠูˆุจูŠุง. ุดูˆ
2388
+
2389
+ 599
2390
+ 00:50:16,500 --> 00:50:23,760
2391
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุจุณุจุจ ุญุฑูƒุฉ T-Helper Cell.
2392
+
2393
+ 600
2394
+ 00:50:28,980 --> 00:50:35,360
2395
+ activation of T-Helper subset cell
2396
+
2397
+ 601
2398
+ 00:50:35,360 --> 00:50:39,740
2399
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุงู„ุชูŠ ุจุชูุฑุฒ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง IL
2400
+
2401
+ 602
2402
+ 00:50:39,740 --> 00:50:47,900
2403
+ -10 ูˆ Gamma Interferon ูˆ IL-4 ูˆ several cytokine
2404
+
2405
+ 603
2406
+ 00:50:47,900 --> 00:50:53,960
2407
+ and cytokine receptor abnormality ุณุฌู„ุช are
2408
+
2409
+ 604
2410
+ 00:50:53,960 --> 00:50:59,310
2411
+ associated with autosystemic autoimmune disease ุฒูŠ
2412
+
2413
+ 605
2414
+ 00:50:59,310 --> 00:51:02,570
2415
+ ุงู„ู€ SLE ูˆุจุนุถ autoimmune disease ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฏุฎู„ ููŠู‡ุง
2416
+
2417
+ 606
2418
+ 00:51:02,570 --> 00:51:07,090
2419
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุชุงุฆูŠุฉ ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ
2420
+
2421
+ 607
2422
+ 00:51:07,090 --> 00:51:10,610
2423
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ pathophysiology ูˆุจุนุถ immune based
2424
+
2425
+ 608
2426
+ 00:51:10,610 --> 00:51:14,190
2427
+ disease ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃู„ุฑุฌูŠ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ูˆinflammatory
2428
+
2429
+ 609
2430
+ 00:51:14,190 --> 00:51:16,030
2431
+ disease ุฒูŠ ุงู„ rheumatoid arthritis
2432
+
2433
+ 610
2434
+ 00:51:21,420 --> 00:51:26,140
2435
+ Therapeutic and diagnostic exploitation of
2436
+
2437
+ 611
2438
+ 00:51:26,140 --> 00:51:31,040
2439
+ cytokine and cytokine receptor ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชูุงุฏุฉ
2440
+
2441
+ 612
2442
+ 00:51:31,040 --> 00:51:36,880
2443
+ ูˆุชุณุฎูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌุงุช ุชุณุฎูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ cytokine ูˆ ุงู„
2444
+
2445
+ 613
2446
+ 00:51:36,880 --> 00:51:40,460
2447
+ cytokine receptor ููŠ ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุนู„ุงุฌูŠุฉ cytokine
2448
+
2449
+ 614
2450
+ 00:51:40,460 --> 00:51:44,140
2451
+ inhibitor ุฃูˆ antagonist ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนู…ู„
2452
+
2453
+ 615
2454
+ 00:51:44,140 --> 00:51:49,300
2455
+ ูˆู‚ู ุนู„ู‰ ุจุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ cytokine circulating soluble
2456
+
2457
+ 616
2458
+ 00:51:49,300 --> 00:51:50,340
2459
+ cytokine receptor
2460
+
2461
+ 617
2462
+ 00:52:00,900 --> 00:52:04,640
2463
+ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง neutralization ู„ู„ู†ุดุงุท ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
2464
+
2465
+ 618
2466
+ 00:52:04,640 --> 00:52:10,640
2467
+ cytokine ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฑูŠุณูŠุจุชูˆุฑ ู†ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชูˆู‚ูŠู ู„ู†ุดุงุท ู‡ุฐุง
2468
+
2469
+ 619
2470
+ 00:52:10,640 --> 00:52:14,660
2471
+ ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2472
+
2473
+ 620
2474
+ 00:52:14,660 --> 00:52:18,380
2475
+ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุจุงู„ุฑูŠุณูŠุจุชูˆุฑ ุชุจุนู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
2476
+
2477
+ 621
2478
+ 00:52:18,380 --> 00:52:23,370
2479
+ process specific ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ neutralization ุฅู…ุง ู„ู„ู€
2480
+
2481
+ 622
2482
+ 00:52:23,370 --> 00:52:27,150
2483
+ cytokine ูˆุฅู…ุง ู„ู„ู€ receptor ู…ู†ู†ุชูˆุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ูˆู‚ู ู†ุดุงุท
2484
+
2485
+ 623
2486
+ 00:52:27,150 --> 00:52:32,450
2487
+ ุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ cytokine ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ these inhibitors
2488
+
2489
+ 624
2490
+ 00:52:32,450 --> 00:52:35,870
2491
+ ุงู„ุชูŠ
2492
+
2493
+ 625
2494
+ 00:52:35,870 --> 00:52:41,440
2495
+ ุชุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€IL-2ุŒ IL-4ุŒ IL-6ุŒ IL-7ุŒ IFN-ฮณุŒ
2496
+
2497
+ 626
2498
+ 00:52:41,440 --> 00:52:45,360
2499
+ Interferon ูˆTumor Necrosis Factor. Tumor Necrosis
2500
+
2501
+ 627
2502
+ 00:52:45,360 --> 00:52:49,640
2503
+ Factor Inhibitor ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
2504
+
2505
+ 628
2506
+ 00:52:49,640 --> 00:52:55,280
2507
+ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุฑูˆู…ุงุชูˆูŠุฏ ุฃุฑุซุฑุงุชูŠุฒ ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุฑูˆู…ุงุชูˆูŠุฏ ุฃุฑุซุฑุงุชูŠุฒ ููŠ
2508
+
2509
+ 629
2510
+ 00:52:55,280 --> 00:52:57,740
2511
+ increased level of tumor necrosis factor IL-1
2512
+
2513
+ 630
2514
+ 00:52:57,740 --> 00:53:04,640
2515
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ joints IL-1 Receptor Antagonist ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2516
+
2517
+ 631
2518
+ 00:53:04,640 --> 00:53:09,330
2519
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Antagonist ู„ู„ู€ IL-1 Receptor ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ IL-1
2520
+
2521
+ 632
2522
+ 00:53:09,330 --> 00:53:13,770
2523
+ Receptor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ CD4<sup>+</sup>T-Lymphocyte
2524
+
2525
+ 633
2526
+ 00:53:13,770 --> 00:53:19,110
2527
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠ ุจูŠุฑู†ุน ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ู€ IL-1 ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด
2528
+
2529
+ 634
2530
+ 00:53:19,110 --> 00:53:27,890
2531
+ activation IL-1 Receptor Antagonist ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ IL-1RA
2532
+
2533
+ 635
2534
+ 00:53:27,890 --> 00:53:34,750
2535
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ Receptor Antagonist ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุนู„ุงุฌ chronic
2536
+
2537
+ 636
2538
+ 00:53:34,750 --> 00:53:40,090
2539
+ inflammatory diseases ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง we can ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„
2540
+
2541
+ 637
2542
+ 00:53:40,090 --> 00:53:43,770
2543
+ inhibitor ูƒุนู„ุงุฌ
2544
+
2545
+ 638
2546
+ 00:53:43,770 --> 00:53:50,390
2547
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง we can reverse cellular deficiency ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ
2548
+
2549
+ 639
2550
+ 00:53:50,390 --> 00:53:53,290
2551
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ neutropenia ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูู†ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
2552
+
2553
+ 640
2554
+ 00:53:53,290 --> 00:53:58,120
2555
+ chemotherapy ุจูƒูŠู ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง reversing ุจู†ุจุฏูŠ
2556
+
2557
+ 641
2558
+ 00:53:58,120 --> 00:54:04,400
2559
+ cytokine ุชุญููŠุฒ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ growth of ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
2560
+
2561
+ 642
2562
+ 00:54:04,400 --> 00:54:08,900
2563
+ neutrophil ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ chemotherapy
2564
+
2565
+ 643
2566
+ 00:54:08,900 --> 00:54:15,780
2567
+ ูˆูŠุฃู…ุซู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ G-CSF ูˆ GM-CSF ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ
2568
+
2569
+ 644
2570
+ 00:54:15,780 --> 00:54:20,760
2571
+ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชุบู„ุงู„ู‡ู… ููŠ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ immunodeficiency
2572
+
2573
+ 645
2574
+ 00:54:22,310 --> 00:54:24,950
2575
+ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ X-linked Agammaglobulinemia
2576
+
2577
+ 646
2578
+ 00:54:24,950 --> 00:54:31,350
2579
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุนุงู„ุฌู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู€ G-CSF to reverse the
2580
+
2581
+ 647
2582
+ 00:54:31,350 --> 00:54:36,150
2583
+ neutropenia Gamma Interferon ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ severity
2584
+
2585
+ 648
2586
+ 00:54:36,150 --> 00:54:42,850
2587
+ of infection ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ non-oxidative
2588
+
2589
+ 649
2590
+ 00:54:42,850 --> 00:54:48,510
2591
+ antimicrobial activity ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง treatment of cancer
2592
+
2593
+ 650
2594
+ 00:54:48,510 --> 00:54:50,830
2595
+ and transplantation
2596
+
2597
+ 651
2598
+ 00:54:53,250 --> 00:54:57,630
2599
+ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ู€ NK cell ุฃูˆ
2600
+
2601
+ 652
2602
+ 00:54:57,630 --> 00:55:03,550
2603
+ ุงู„ู€ Lymphocyte ููŠูˆุฒูˆุฏ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ IL-2 ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
2604
+
2605
+ 653
2606
+ 00:55:03,550 --> 00:55:08,790
2607
+ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู€ NK cell effector ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง
2608
+
2609
+ 654
2610
+ 00:55:08,790 --> 00:55:09,290
2611
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2612
+
2613
+ 655
2614
+ 00:55:09,290 --> 00:55:12,390
2615
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2616
+
2617
+ 656
2618
+ 00:55:12,390 --> 00:55:13,550
2619
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2620
+
2621
+ 657
2622
+ 00:55:13,550 --> 00:55:15,070
2623
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2624
+
2625
+ 658
2626
+ 00:55:15,070 --> 00:55:16,030
2627
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2628
+
2629
+ 659
2630
+ 00:55:16,340 --> 00:55:19,700
2631
+ as it enhances the expression ูˆ ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ CD28
2632
+
2633
+ 660
2634
+ 00:55:19,700 --> 00:55:23,740
2635
+ ู„ู„ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠุญุตู„ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุฃู†ูƒุณูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุงุท
2636
+
2637
+ 661
2638
+ 00:55:23,740 --> 00:55:28,280
2639
+ ุงู„ู€ lymphocytes ูˆู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง culture ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ IL-2 ูุจุตูŠุฑ
2640
+
2641
+ 662
2642
+ 00:55:28,280 --> 00:55:34,420
2643
+ ููŠ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุงุนู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ
2644
+
2645
+ 663
2646
+ 00:55:34,420 --> 00:55:39,200
2647
+ these have potent antitumor activity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุจุนุง ูŠูˆู…
2648
+
2649
+ 664
2650
+ 00:55:39,200 --> 00:55:41,880
2651
+ ู…ุง ุชุชู†ุดุท ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ู„ู€ Gamma Interferon ุนู„ู‰
2652
+
2653
+ 665
2654
+ 00:55:41,880 --> 00:55:46,100
2655
+ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูƒูŠู ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ุŸ
2656
+
2657
+ 666
2658
+ 00:55:48,470 --> 00:55:53,850
2659
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Killing of Tumor Cell ูƒูŠูุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„
2660
+
2661
+ 667
2662
+ 00:55:53,850 --> 00:55:57,210
2663
+ expression of MHC Class II molecule ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ
2664
+
2665
+ 668
2666
+ 00:55:57,210 --> 00:56:02,730
2667
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุณุฑุทุงู†ูŠุฉ Cytokine Receptor Specific
2668
+
2669
+ 669
2670
+ 00:56:02,730 --> 00:56:08,270
2671
+ Antibody ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ antibody specific
2672
+
2673
+ 670
2674
+ 00:56:08,270 --> 00:56:12,130
2675
+ ู„ู€ cytokine receptor ู…ุนูŠู†
2676
+
2677
+ 671
2678
+ 00:56:19,480 --> 00:56:25,940
2679
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู† ู‚ุถู„ T cell leukemia lymphoma ATLL
2680
+
2681
+ 672
2682
+ 00:56:25,940 --> 00:56:31,960
2683
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ ุงูƒุณุจูŠุณ ุงูŠุงู„ุชูˆ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ Alpha Chain
2684
+
2685
+ 673
2686
+ 00:56:31,960 --> 00:56:39,100
2687
+ ุจูˆ CD25 ูุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ุงู„ entity Anti-CD25
2688
+
2689
+ 674
2690
+ 00:56:39,100 --> 00:56:45,720
2691
+ Antibody ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ Anti-Tag Antibody ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
2692
+
2693
+ 675
2694
+ 00:56:45,720 --> 00:56:51,860
2695
+ That induce response in one third of the patients
2696
+
2697
+ 676
2698
+ 00:56:51,860 --> 00:56:56,260
2699
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฃุซุจุชุช ุฌุฏุงุฑุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุชู„ุช ุญุงู„ุงุช .. ุชู„ุช
2700
+
2701
+ 677
2702
+ 00:56:56,260 --> 00:57:04,800
2703
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ Anti-T Anti-CD25 Therapy ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
2704
+
2705
+ 678
2706
+ 00:57:04,800 --> 00:57:08,540
2707
+ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… as part of regimen of immunosuppressive
2708
+
2709
+ 679
2710
+ 00:57:08,540 --> 00:57:12,620
2711
+ therapy ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ transplanted patients
2712
+
2713
+ 680
2714
+ 00:57:12,620 --> 00:57:19,260
2715
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ูƒู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุซุจูŠุช ุงู„
2716
+
2717
+ 681
2718
+ 00:57:19,260 --> 00:57:26,480
2719
+ allograft ุฃูˆ ุงู„ transplant rejection Treatment
2720
+
2721
+ 682
2722
+ 00:57:26,480 --> 00:57:32,670
2723
+ of allergy and asthma ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจุนู…ู„ ุงู†ุฌูŠูƒุดู† ู„ู€ IL-4 ุดูˆ
2724
+
2725
+ 683
2726
+ 00:57:32,670 --> 00:57:39,150
2727
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ IL-4ุŸ ุจุชูˆุนู‡ุง ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ class switching ู„ู€ B
2728
+
2729
+ 684
2730
+ 00:57:39,150 --> 00:57:44,810
2731
+ lymphocytes ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2732
+
2733
+ 685
2734
+ 00:57:44,810 --> 00:57:50,110
2735
+ ู…ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ RIG ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ IgE ู„ู„ IgG
2736
+
2737
+ 686
2738
+ 00:57:52,720 --> 00:57:56,360
2739
+ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู€ IL-4 Receptor ูˆู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท
2740
+
2741
+ 687
2742
+ 00:57:56,360 --> 00:58:02,100
2743
+ ุงู„ู€ IL-4 ุงู„ู€ cytokine ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุชุจุนู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ุง
2744
+
2745
+ 688
2746
+ 00:58:02,100 --> 00:58:09,260
2747
+ ู†ู†ุณู‰ Th17 T cell ูˆ IL-17 ุงู„ู€ cytokine family
2748
+
2749
+ 689
2750
+ 00:58:09,260 --> 00:58:17,800
2751
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ filling the gap ูƒูŠูุŸ
2752
+
2753
+ 690
2754
+ 00:58:17,800 --> 00:58:24,850
2755
+ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ู… ุฅุณุชุนู…ุงู„ ุฅุฌุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅูŠู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ. ู…ุง
2756
+
2757
+ 691
2758
+ 00:58:24,850 --> 00:58:27,870
2759
+ ูŠูุนู„ IL-17ุŸ ุฌุงู„ู‡ Stimulate Demobilization and
2760
+
2761
+ 692
2762
+ 00:58:27,870 --> 00:58:31,590
2763
+ Generation of Neutrophil. ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŒ ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง ุจุฅุนุงุฏุฉ
2764
+
2765
+ 693
2766
+ 00:58:31,590 --> 00:58:34,810
2767
+ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅูŠู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฅุฌุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ
2768
+
2769
+ 694
2770
+ 00:58:34,810 --> 00:58:44,230
2771
+ ุงู„ุฅูŠู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ. IL-17 ูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅูŠู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ
2772
+
2773
+ 695
2774
+ 00:58:44,230 --> 00:58:44,650
2775
+ ูˆุงู„ุฅุฌุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅูŠู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ.
2776
+
2777
+ 696
2778
+ 00:58:49,190 --> 00:58:53,070
2779
+ ุงู„ู€ innate ูˆุงู„ู€ adaptive immune responses ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ู€
2780
+
2781
+ 697
2782
+ 00:58:53,070 --> 00:58:57,210
2783
+ Th17 ุจุชู…ุซู„
2784
+
2785
+ 698
2786
+ 00:58:57,210 --> 00:59:04,310
2787
+ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุน ุงู„ู€ adaptive immune response ูˆุจุชู…ุซู„
2788
+
2789
+ 699
2790
+ 00:59:04,310 --> 00:59:07,970
2791
+ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุฐุฑุงุน ู‚ูˆูŠ in protection against extracellular
2792
+
2793
+ 700
2794
+ 00:59:07,970 --> 00:59:16,480
2795
+ bacteria and some fungi ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃูˆ
2796
+
2797
+ 701
2798
+ 00:59:16,480 --> 00:59:22,380
2799
+ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุบุทูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุงู†ูˆุชูŠุง ุงู„ุจุฑุชูˆู…ุง IL-17
2800
+
2801
+ 702
2802
+ 00:59:22,380 --> 00:59:28,420
2803
+ ุชุฏูุน ุชุญุฑูŠูƒ ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑููŠู„ ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑููŠู„
2804
+
2805
+ 703
2806
+ 00:59:28,420 --> 00:59:33,400
2807
+ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑููŠู„ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑููŠู„ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑููŠู„ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑููŠู„ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑููŠู„
2808
+
2809
+ 704
2810
+ 00:59:33,400 --> 00:59:38,680
2811
+ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑููŠู„
2812
+
2813
+ 705
2814
+ 00:59:47,940 --> 00:59:58,540
2815
+ ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ Key Mediator ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ู€ IL-17
2816
+
2817
+ 706
2818
+ 00:59:58,540 --> 01:00:01,720
2819
+ ู…ูุฏูŠุฑ
2820
+
2821
+ 707
2822
+ 01:00:01,720 --> 01:00:09,760
2823
+ ู…ูุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Auto-inflammatory cytokine ูˆุทุจุนู‹ุง
2824
+
2825
+ 708
2826
+ 01:00:09,760 --> 01:00:17,350
2827
+ ู‡ู†ุงุจูŠู† ู„ู†ุง ุฏูˆุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
2828
+
2829
+ 709
2830
+ 01:00:17,350 --> 01:00:25,490
2831
+ neutrophil to induce its action ุทุจุนู‹ุง
2832
+
2833
+ 710
2834
+ 01:00:25,490 --> 01:00:29,470
2835
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ู€ phagocytosis ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู…
2836
+
2837
+ 711
2838
+ 01:00:29,470 --> 01:00:34,530
2839
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† blood endothelial cells ุจุชุจุทู†
2840
+
2841
+ 712
2842
+ 01:00:34,530 --> 01:00:38,170
2843
+ ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ูˆุนุงุก ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ู€ neutrophil
2844
+
2845
+ 713
2846
+ 01:00:38,170 --> 01:00:44,270
2847
+ is rolling ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ endothelial cells once
2848
+
2849
+ 714
2850
+ 01:00:44,270 --> 01:00:52,480
2851
+ activated ูƒู…ุง ูŠุงุฏูŠุฑุงู†ุณ ุฃูˆู„ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
2852
+
2853
+ 715
2854
+ 01:00:52,480 --> 01:00:56,840
2855
+ ุงู„ู€ phagocytosis ุซู… ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ adherence with
2856
+
2857
+ 716
2858
+ 01:00:56,840 --> 01:01:00,040
2859
+ adhesion molecule ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ endothelial cell
2860
+
2861
+ 717
2862
+ 01:01:00,040 --> 01:01:03,260
2863
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ activation ู„ู„ู€ endothelial cell ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
2864
+
2865
+ 718
2866
+ 01:01:03,260 --> 01:01:08,040
2867
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชุจุงุนุฏ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูุจุชุนู…ู„ Trans
2868
+
2869
+ 719
2870
+ 01:01:08,040 --> 01:01:12,000
2871
+ endothelial migration ุจุชุนู…ู„ Diapedesis ู‡ุฐู‡
2872
+
2873
+ 720
2874
+ 01:01:12,000 --> 01:01:17,940
2875
+ ุงู„ู€ neutrophil ูˆุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุทู„ุนุช ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ endothelial to
2876
+
2877
+ 721
2878
+ 01:01:17,940 --> 01:01:23,030
2879
+ the tissue ูŠุนู†ูŠ Migration of Neutrophil ุซู… ุจุชุชุจุน
2880
+
2881
+ 722
2882
+ 01:01:23,030 --> 01:01:27,890
2883
+ ุงู„ู€ Chemotactic Factor Concentration Gradient ุฏู‡
2884
+
2885
+ 723
2886
+ 01:01:27,890 --> 01:01:34,210
2887
+ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ IL8 ูˆ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง
2888
+
2889
+ 724
2890
+ 01:01:34,210 --> 01:01:36,910
2891
+ ุชุตู„ูŠู† ู„ู„ู€ Antigen
2892
+
2893
+ 725
2894
+ 01:01:39,770 --> 01:01:45,390
2895
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุขุฎุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Receptors ุจูŠุจูŠู† ู„ู†ุง ุงุฑุชุจุงุท
2896
+
2897
+ 726
2898
+ 01:01:45,390 --> 01:01:50,370
2899
+ ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุจุงู„ู€ Receptors with the affinity of
2900
+
2901
+ 727
2902
+ 01:01:50,370 --> 01:01:54,510
2903
+ cytokine receptor binding ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุญุณุจ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู€
2904
+
2905
+ 728
2906
+ 01:01:54,510 --> 01:01:58,490
2907
+ cytokine ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† double-chain ุฃูˆ triple-chain ุทุจุนู‹ุง
2908
+
2909
+ 729
2910
+ 01:01:58,490 --> 01:02:03,690
2911
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ double-chain ุจูŠูƒูˆู† affinity of binding ู…ู† ุงู„
2912
+
2913
+ 730
2914
+ 01:02:03,690 --> 01:02:07,710
2915
+ triple chain ู‡ูŠ ุฃุฏู†ู‰ affinity and high
2916
+
2917
+ 731
2918
+ 01:02:07,710 --> 01:02:11,770
2919
+ affinity ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุนูŠุด ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง triple chain ูˆุทุจุนู‹ุง ู‡ุฐุง
2920
+
2921
+ 732
2922
+ 01:02:11,770 --> 01:02:18,970
2923
+ ูู‚ุท ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ affinity or binding ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุนุดุฑุฉ
2924
+
2925
+ 733
2926
+ 01:02:18,970 --> 01:02:24,130
2927
+ ู‚ูˆุฉ -9 ุฃู†ุง ุตุงุฑุช ุนุดุฑุฉ ู‚ูˆุฉ -11 ู„ุฃู†
2928
+
2929
+ 734
2930
+ 01:02:24,130 --> 01:02:30,650
2931
+ ุงุชู†ุดุท ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ NK cell resting or resting
2932
+
2933
+ 735
2934
+ 01:02:30,650 --> 01:02:36,510
2935
+ T lymphocytes ุฃู†ุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ activation ู„ู€ T
2936
+
2937
+ 736
2938
+ 01:02:36,510 --> 01:02:46,050
2939
+ lymphocytes ุจู‡ูƒ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
2940
+
2941
+ 737
2942
+ 01:02:46,050 --> 01:02:55,050
2943
+ ูˆุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ general view ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ
PL9fwy3NUQKwYQ8nzyth9nyErvTJtUFKlo/FHPHT7IameQ_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2992 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:02,230 --> 00:00:06,830
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู†ู„ุชู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:06,830 --> 00:00:12,230
7
+ ุนู†ูˆุงู† cytokine ูˆูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุงู„ cytokine ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:12,230 --> 00:00:15,610
11
+ ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† substance which has low molecular
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:15,610 --> 00:00:20,540
15
+ weightูˆุงู†ุชุฌุช ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงุฆูŠ ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุงู†ุชุฌุช ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:20,540 --> 00:00:21,140
19
+ ูˆุงู†ุชุฌุช ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุงู†ุชุฌุช ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุงู†ุชุฌุช ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:21,140 --> 00:00:27,000
23
+ ูˆุงู†ุชุฌุช ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุงู†ุชุฌุช ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุงู†ุชุฌุช ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:27,180
27
+ ูˆุงู†ุชุฌุช ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุงู†ุชุฌุช ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุงู†ุชุฌุช ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:27,180 --> 00:00:27,200
31
+ ูˆุงู†ุชุฌุช ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุงู†ุชุฌุช ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุงู†ุชุฌุช ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:27,200 --> 00:00:27,200
35
+ ูˆุงู†ุชุฌุช ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุงู†ุชุฌุช ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุงู†ุชุฌุช ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:27,200 --> 00:00:27,200
39
+ ูˆุงู†ุชุฌุช ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุงู†ุชุฌุช ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุงู†ุชุฌุช ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:27,200 --> 00:00:29,080
43
+ ูˆุงู†ุชุฌุช ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุงู†ุชุฌุช ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุงู†ุชุฌุช ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:29,080 --> 00:00:33,080
47
+ ูˆุงู†ุชุฌุช
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:33,080 --> 00:00:45,940
51
+ ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุงู†ุช
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:00:46,220 --> 00:00:51,100
55
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชู†ู‚ู„ ุฑุณุงุฆู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ immune
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:00:51,100 --> 00:00:56,800
59
+ system it's also regulated by particular cytokine
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:00:56,800 --> 00:01:03,800
63
+ receptor ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ cytokine ุนุดุงู† ูŠุดุชุบู„ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:03,800 --> 00:01:11,440
67
+ receptor for that factor cytokine ุฃูŠุถุง produced by
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:11,440 --> 00:01:16,620
71
+ lymphocyte ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง lymphokineูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:16,620 --> 00:01:22,260
75
+ Monocyte ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Macrophage ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Monokines ูˆ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:22,260 --> 00:01:29,880
79
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุชุณู…ู‰ Chemokine ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ุชุดุชุบู„ as a
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:29,880 --> 00:01:33,840
83
+ chemotactic factor Chemotactic factor ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:33,840 --> 00:01:38,880
87
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† factors ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:38,880 --> 00:01:47,200
91
+ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† these factorsู†ุญู† ู„ุณู†ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:47,200 --> 00:01:49,340
95
+ ุงู„ุงู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ู†ุญู† ู„ุณู†ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ู†ุญู†
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:49,340 --> 00:01:49,360
99
+ ู„ุณู†ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ู†ุญู† ู„ุณู†ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:49,360 --> 00:01:51,880
103
+ ุงู„ุงู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ู†ุญู† ู„ุณู†ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ู†ุญู†
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:51,880 --> 00:01:56,940
107
+ ู„ุณู†ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ู†ุญู† ู„ุณู†ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:01:56,940 --> 00:02:01,880
111
+ ุงู„ุงู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ู†ุญู† ู„ุณู†ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ู†ุญู†
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:01,880 --> 00:02:04,020
115
+ ู„ุณู†ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ู†ุญู† ู„ุณู†ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:04,020 --> 00:02:09,540
119
+ ุงู„ุงู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ู†ุญู† ู„ุณู†ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ู†ุญู†
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:09,540 --> 00:02:12,710
123
+ ู„ุณู†ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ูˆุงู†ุง it's a generic name ูŠุนู†ูŠ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:12,710 --> 00:02:22,110
127
+ ุงุณู… ุนุงู… for these placaridins ุงูŠุถุง ุณู…ูˆู‡ู…
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:22,110 --> 00:02:26,550
131
+ Interleukins ู„ุฅู† ู‡ู…ุง ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ูˆู† ุจูŠู† ุนูŠูˆู† ุจูŠู†
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:26,550 --> 00:02:28,750
135
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูˆุณูŠุงุช Interleukin
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:33,290 --> 00:02:37,250
139
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงุนุฏุงุฏู‡ู… ุทุจุนุง ุงุนุทูˆู‡ู… ุงุฑู‚ุงู… ูˆ ุงู„ุงุฑู‚ุงู… ูˆุตู„ุช
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:37,250 --> 00:02:40,710
143
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† different interlocus are present
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:40,710 --> 00:02:45,990
147
+ macro phase ุงูŠุถุง derived ุงูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… lymphocyte
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:45,990 --> 00:02:50,710
151
+ activating factor ูˆ ู‡ูŠ T cell growth factors
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:50,710 --> 00:02:55,910
155
+ ูุงุนุทูˆู‡ู… ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงุนุทูˆู‡ู… ุงุฑู‚ุงู… ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง IL-1 ูˆ IL-2
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:55,910 --> 00:03:01,690
159
+ they can activate macro phase and T lymphocyte
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:01,690 --> 00:03:06,110
163
+ respectivelyุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:06,110 --> 00:03:12,270
167
+ different Interleukins are coined ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ู… are
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:12,270 --> 00:03:17,130
171
+ biological biologically affect many cell types
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:17,130 --> 00:03:22,790
175
+ ุฏุงุฎู„ ูˆ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ immune system ูุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:22,790 --> 00:03:30,290
179
+ Interleukin 2promote cell proliferation and also
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:30,290 --> 00:03:37,090
183
+ stimulate osteoclast ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุงู†ูŠ transforming growth
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:37,090 --> 00:03:41,070
187
+ factor beta ุจุณู…ูˆู‡
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:41,070 --> 00:03:43,770
191
+ transforming growth factor beta ูˆ ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ tumor
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:43,770 --> 00:03:48,730
195
+ growth factor beta ุงูŠุถุง stimulate many cells ุจู…ุง
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:48,730 --> 00:03:52,990
199
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ tissue fibroblast ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:54,190 --> 00:03:58,130
203
+ ุฃูˆ D-lymphocyte ูˆB-lymphocyte ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู€
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:58,130 --> 00:04:04,010
207
+ cytokines ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุจู„ุงูŠูˆุชุฑูˆุจูŠูƒูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุจู„ุงูŠูˆุชุฑูˆุจูŠูƒูŠ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:04,010 --> 00:04:08,370
211
+ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ููŠู‡ู… ูˆุธุงุฆู ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠู…ูƒู†ูˆุง ุฃู† ูŠุคุซุฑูˆุง
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:08,370 --> 00:04:10,890
215
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ุงุช
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:13,850 --> 00:04:18,470
219
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ู† ุตูุงุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุฑูŠุฏุงู†ุฏู†ุณูŠุฉ ุงู† ู‡ู…ุง ุฑูŠุฏุงู†ุฏู†ุช
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:18,470 --> 00:04:25,090
223
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงูŠ ุงู†ุช ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒู† ุชูˆุช ุงูˆ ุงู†ุช ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒู†
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:25,090 --> 00:04:31,930
227
+ ููˆุฑ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ูƒุชุณู„ ุงุฌุฑุงุซ ูุงูƒุชูˆุฑุงุช ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:31,930 --> 00:04:36,770
231
+ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุชูŠู„ูŠู…ููˆุณุงูŠุช ูˆูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ููŠ ุงุฌุฑุงุซู‡ุง ุนุดุงู†
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:36,770 --> 00:04:38,390
235
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… ุฑูŠุฏุงู†ุฏู†ุช
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:43,750 --> 00:04:48,730
239
+ ูˆCytokine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงูŠุถุง ุตูุงุช ุงู„ุงุฏุงุชูŠู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:48,730 --> 00:04:55,190
243
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดุชุบู„ู‡ synergistic or antagonistic they are
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:55,190 --> 00:05:01,730
247
+ properties ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ู„ู„cytokine A they have
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:01,730 --> 00:05:06,070
251
+ common functional properties ูˆุฎุฏูˆุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:06,070 --> 00:05:10,690
255
+ common functional properties cytokineุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:10,690 --> 00:05:13,830
259
+ cytokines ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู€ Gamma Interferon ูˆ ุงู„ู€
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:13,830 --> 00:05:21,470
263
+ Interleukin 2 ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ู…ูƒุณูˆุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ ูˆ ู…ูƒุณูˆุฑุฉ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:21,470 --> 00:05:24,670
267
+ ุตูุฉ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:24,670 --> 00:05:33,210
271
+ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:33,210 --> 00:05:35,330
275
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:35,330 --> 00:05:35,330
279
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:35,330 --> 00:05:36,450
283
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:36,450 --> 00:05:36,450
287
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:36,450 --> 00:05:36,570
291
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:36,570 --> 00:05:40,860
295
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู€ cytokines ูŠู…ุชู„ุฆูˆู† ุญูŠุงุฉ ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:40,860 --> 00:05:47,940
299
+ ู†ุตู ูˆ ุงู„ู€ function of the cytokines occur in pairs
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:47,940 --> 00:05:52,340
303
+ ุจูŠุตู†ุนูˆุง
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:52,340 --> 00:05:57,200
307
+ ูˆ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ูƒุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุงู„ cytokines
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:57,200 --> 00:05:59,460
311
+ facilitate communication between cells
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:03,570 --> 00:06:12,610
315
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู‚ูˆุฉ ู…ุงู†ุณ ุชู† ู„ู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ู‚ูˆุฉ ู…ุงู†ุณ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:12,610 --> 00:06:20,110
319
+ ููุชูŠู† ุงูŠุถุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ูƒู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:20,110 --> 00:06:26,850
323
+ ู…ูุฑุฏูŠู† ูƒ Autocrine ุงูˆ Paracrine ุงูˆ EndocrineุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:26,850 --> 00:06:31,790
327
+ ู…ู† ูˆุธุงุฆูู‡ู… ุฃูˆ ุตูุงุชู‡ู… ุณุฑูŠุนู‹ุง ุงู„ู€Cytokine ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู†
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:31,790 --> 00:06:35,590
331
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุทู‡ู… ุจู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:35,590 --> 00:06:42,190
335
+ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ูุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุชุญูุฒ ุฃูˆ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจ ุชุงุฑุฌุช ุณูŠู„ ู…ุซู„
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:42,190 --> 00:06:49,030
339
+ T-Helper-1 ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ุชูุฑุฒ Gamma Interferon ุชู†ุดุท
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:49,030 --> 00:06:52,550
343
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆูุงุฌ ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠู†
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:52,550 --> 00:06:58,840
347
+ ู„ู„ู…ูŠู„ูŠู…ููˆุณุงูŠุชูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ grammar interferon
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:58,840 --> 00:07:04,560
351
+ activate macrophage and inhibit B lymphocytes ู†ูุณ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:04,560 --> 00:07:10,300
355
+ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ููŠ ุชูŠู„ ุจุงุฑุชูˆ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ุชูุฑุฒ ุงู„ I L4 ูˆ I L5
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:10,300 --> 00:07:18,350
359
+ they activate B lymphocytes and I L10ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจูŠูุฑุฒ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:18,350 --> 00:07:23,950
363
+ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุช ุงู„ macro phase activation ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:23,950 --> 00:07:28,330
367
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ regulation ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† T
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:28,330 --> 00:07:32,910
371
+ helper ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูˆ T helper ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุง ูŠุคุซุฑ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:32,910 --> 00:07:39,750
375
+ type of antigen ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููŠุฌุฑ ู‡ูŠ T helper ูˆุงุญุฏ 100%
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:39,750 --> 00:07:50,700
379
+ antigen ุชู„ู‚ูุชู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„Dendritic cell ููŠ ุฃูุฑุฒ IL
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:50,700 --> 00:07:56,440
383
+ -12 ุญูˆู„ุช ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ู†ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู‰ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ ูˆู† ู†ุดุทุฉ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:56,440 --> 00:07:58,700
387
+ ู†ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู‰ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ ู†ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู‰ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ ู†ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู‰ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:58,700 --> 00:08:06,440
391
+ ู†ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู‰ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ ู†ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู‰ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ ู†ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู‰ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:06,440 --> 00:08:11,780
395
+ ู†ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู‰ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ ู†ูˆุฏุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุทุจุนุง cytokine ุฏูŠ ุงู„ site
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:11,780 --> 00:08:15,460
399
+ ุทุจุนุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ activation ุฅุฌุช ู†ุดุทุช ุงู„ macro phase ู…ู†
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:15,460 --> 00:08:19,160
403
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุทู‡ุง ููŠู‡ุง cell to cell contact ูˆ ุฃูุฑุฒู‡ุง
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:19,160 --> 00:08:23,060
407
+ ุงู„ cytokine ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ cytokine ุฃูุฑุฒุชู‡ุงุŸ ุฌู…ุน
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:23,060 --> 00:08:29,280
411
+ ุงู„terferon ู†ุดุท ุงู„ macro phase GMCSF ู†ุดุท macro
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:29,280 --> 00:08:33,440
415
+ phase tumor necrosis factor alpha ู†ุดุท macro phase
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:33,440 --> 00:08:39,860
419
+ IL3 ุนู…ู„ hemopoiesisTuber Necrosis Factor Beta
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:39,860 --> 00:08:48,200
423
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูŠูุฑุฒ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู€ Inflammatory Reaction ูุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:48,200 --> 00:08:54,300
427
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุชูŠุงู„ุจุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุชู†ุดุท microphage ูˆ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ูˆ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:54,300 --> 00:08:57,940
431
+ ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ microphage ููŠู‡ุง ุณุช ูˆุธุงุฆู ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:57,940 --> 00:09:03,660
435
+ ุจุณ ุฃู‡ู… ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูู„ุณูุชูˆุณูŠุณ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุชูŠุงู„ุจุฑ 2 ุฏู‡
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:03,660 --> 00:09:09,290
439
+ ู‡ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ุงุชุตุงุฏู AntigenDendritic cell ุจุชู‚ุฏู… ู„ู‡ุง T
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:09,290 --> 00:09:14,710
443
+ helper node ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุชูุฑุฒ I L 4 ูˆ T helper node
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:14,710 --> 00:09:19,270
447
+ ุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ T helper 2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู†ุดุท ุจูŠ ู„ู…ููˆุณุงูŠุชุฑ ุทุงุจุช
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:19,270 --> 00:09:23,250
451
+ ููŠ ุจูŠ ู„ู…ููˆุณุงูŠุชุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ binding ูˆ ุจุชูุฑุฒ cytokine ุดูˆ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:23,250 --> 00:09:29,790
455
+ ุงู„ cytokine ุจุชูุฑุฒู‡ุง I L 4 ุจู†ุดุท ุจูŠ ุณู„ I L 5 ุจู†ุดุท ุจูŠ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:29,790 --> 00:09:34,750
459
+ ุณู„ I L 10 ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุจุดูŠู„ ู„ T helper 1 ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู†
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:34,750 --> 00:09:40,370
463
+ ู‡ูŠ ุจุดูŠู„ ู„ ุงู„ microfilmุนูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุจูŠูƒุณูŠ ุนูŠุงู„
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:40,370 --> 00:09:46,290
467
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนูŠุงู„
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:46,290 --> 00:09:50,910
471
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:50,910 --> 00:09:51,230
475
+ ุนูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนูŠุงู„
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:51,230 --> 00:09:54,070
479
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:54,070 --> 00:09:54,070
483
+ ุนูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนูŠุงู„
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:54,070 --> 00:09:54,110
487
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:54,110 --> 00:09:55,590
491
+ ุนูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนูŠุงู„
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:55,590 --> 00:10:02,650
495
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:05,840 --> 00:10:11,840
499
+ ุงู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:11,840 --> 00:10:17,180
503
+ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู†ุดุทุช ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุจูŠุฃุชูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ู†ุดุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ู
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:17,180 --> 00:10:24,220
507
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ cell typeูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ู†ูุฑุฒ ุงู„ู€ cytokine
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:24,220 --> 00:10:28,220
511
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุนุงู„ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุฅุณุชู…ูˆู„ุงุช ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู†
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:28,220 --> 00:10:33,800
515
+ ูŠุคุซุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูุนุงู„ุฉ ุฏู„ูŠู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฅูุนุงู„ุฉ ุณูŠุณุชุงู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุง
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:33,800 --> 00:10:38,260
519
+ ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจู€ toxic shock syndrome ุงู„ู€ cytokine ู„ุงุฒู…
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:38,260 --> 00:10:44,620
523
+ ูŠูุฑุฒู‡ ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฌุฏุง ู„ูƒู† ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ูุฑุฒู‡
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:44,620 --> 00:10:51,400
527
+ ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุจุณุจุจ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑุงุช ู…ุคุฐูŠุฉ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:51,930 --> 00:10:56,670
531
+ Deleterious ุบูŠุฑ ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู…ุคุฐูŠุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ and systemic
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:56,670 --> 00:11:03,490
535
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงู…ุฉ ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ toxic shock
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:03,490 --> 00:11:08,750
539
+ syndrome ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‚ุฏุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ diseases
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:08,750 --> 00:11:13,710
543
+ therapeutic manipulation ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ู†ู„ุนุจ ุจุงู„
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:13,710 --> 00:11:17,690
547
+ cytokine ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠุฑูŠุฉ ู†ุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุฅูŠุด
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:17,950 --> 00:11:24,170
551
+ ุฅู„ุงุฌูŠุฉ ุฃูŠุถุง ููŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุนุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ immune
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:24,170 --> 00:11:28,010
555
+ system ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ if we use the component
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:28,010 --> 00:11:34,890
559
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ cytokine we can activate if we use the
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:34,890 --> 00:11:39,430
563
+ cytokine antagonist we can inhibit ูˆ ู„ุง ูƒุฐุง
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:39,820 --> 00:11:45,100
567
+ ุจ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู…ูƒุงู†ู†ุง ุชุญุฑูŠูƒ ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:45,100 --> 00:11:51,860
571
+ cytokine ุทูŠุจ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูุฑุฒู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู‰
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:51,860 --> 00:11:59,820
575
+ ู‡ูˆ cytokine in a cascade manner ุทุจุนุง
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:59,820 --> 00:12:03,180
579
+ ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง given cell ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ cytokine
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:05,570 --> 00:12:09,390
583
+ One cell may be the target of many cytokines ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:09,390 --> 00:12:14,210
587
+ ุฌุฏุง ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ cytokine
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:14,210 --> 00:12:18,010
591
+ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฑุชุจุท ุงู„ receptor ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:18,010 --> 00:12:24,730
595
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† one cytokine ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:24,730 --> 00:12:29,250
599
+ ุฃูˆ ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูุนู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ other cytokine
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:30,700 --> 00:12:37,620
603
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุถูŠู ู„ู‡ function ู…ุงุดูŠ ุฃูˆ ูŠุถูŠู
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:37,620 --> 00:12:42,940
607
+ ูŠู‚ูˆูŠ ุงู„ function ูŠุนู†ูŠ additive or synergistic or
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:42,940 --> 00:12:47,500
611
+ antagonistic interaction
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:47,500 --> 00:12:50,380
615
+ of multiple cytokines produced during typical
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:50,380 --> 00:12:55,490
619
+ immune responseุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ cytokine
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:55,490 --> 00:13:00,910
623
+ cascade and this cascade largely determine whether
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:00,910 --> 00:13:05,530
627
+ a response to an antigen will primarily antibody
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:05,530 --> 00:13:09,890
631
+ -mediated or cell-mediated ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ interaction ู„ู…ุง
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:09,890 --> 00:13:13,790
635
+ ุชูุฑุฒ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† cytokine they interact to each other
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:14,070 --> 00:13:19,370
639
+ ู‡ู… ูŠุณู…ูˆู†ู‡ุง ูƒู€ Cytokine Cascade ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Cascade
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:19,370 --> 00:13:25,550
643
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู†ุง Antibody ุฃูˆ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:25,550 --> 00:13:29,030
647
+ ุจู†ุดุท ู„ู†ุง ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ูุงุนู„ุฉ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:31,990 --> 00:13:35,910
651
+ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Antigenic
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:35,910 --> 00:13:41,490
655
+ Stimulus ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Antigen ู…ู† ูŠุญุฏุฏ ุฎุท ุณูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:41,490 --> 00:13:49,050
659
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุทูŠุจุŒ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:49,050 --> 00:13:51,330
663
+ ุงู„ receptor ู„ู„ cytokine ุทุจุนุงุŒ they have common
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:51,330 --> 00:13:55,690
667
+ receptorุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ููŠู‡
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:55,690 --> 00:13:58,650
671
+ overlapping ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ redundant function ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:58,650 --> 00:14:02,510
675
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† both ูƒุงู†ุช both
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:02,510 --> 00:14:06,370
679
+ induce fever ูˆูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ู‡ู… ุทุจุนุง different biological
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:06,370 --> 00:14:10,010
683
+ function ุฃุฎุฑู‰
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:12,760 --> 00:14:15,760
687
+ ูˆุงุฌู‡ุชู‡ ุงู† ุงู„ู€Signal Cytokine ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:15,760 --> 00:14:20,260
691
+ ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:20,260 --> 00:14:21,640
695
+ ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:21,640 --> 00:14:21,780
699
+ ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:21,780 --> 00:14:23,600
703
+ ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:23,600 --> 00:14:24,980
707
+ ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:24,980 --> 00:14:25,040
711
+ ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:25,040 --> 00:14:30,420
715
+ ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:30,420 --> 00:14:35,200
719
+ ู…ุฑุชูุนุงุช
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:35,200 --> 00:14:36,580
723
+ ู…
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:39,560 --> 00:14:43,140
727
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Common Gamma Chain ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู†
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:43,140 --> 00:14:48,120
731
+ Signal Transduction ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Chemical Messenger ู…ุง
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:48,120 --> 00:14:51,740
735
+ ุฃุญู†ุง ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ Chemical Messenger ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุณู„ูˆุง
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:14:51,740 --> 00:14:56,800
739
+ ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:14:56,800 --> 00:14:59,240
743
+ Chain ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Intracellular Signaling
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:14:59,240 --> 00:15:06,500
747
+ Molecule ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูุณุฑ ู„ู†ุง ู„ูŠุด ุงู† ููŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:06,500 --> 00:15:14,280
751
+ cytokine can act on theirSame Cell ูƒู…ุง ุชุดุงู‡ุฏูˆู† ููŠ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:14,280 --> 00:15:20,380
755
+ ุงู„ููŠุฌุฑ ุงู„ู‰ 6 ุงูŠ ููŠู‡ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† Receptors ูƒู„ู‡ู… They
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:20,380 --> 00:15:26,040
759
+ Share ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Gamma Chain ููŠู‡ Triple Chain ููŠู‡
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:26,040 --> 00:15:30,660
763
+ Double Chain ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ูƒู„ู‡ู… ูŠุญุชูˆูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ Gamma Chain ูˆ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:30,660 --> 00:15:33,840
767
+ Gamma Chain ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠู‡ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Signal
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:33,840 --> 00:15:37,780
771
+ Transduction ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ Receptors ุงู„ู„ูŠ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:37,780 --> 00:15:41,480
775
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ signal ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:41,480 --> 00:15:47,660
779
+ ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠ multiple cytokine can have the same ุงู„ู„ูŠ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:47,660 --> 00:15:53,200
783
+ ู‡ูˆ function functional category ุจุณ ุทุจุนุง ู‚ุณู…ูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:15:53,200 --> 00:15:57,960
787
+ ุงู„ cytokine ุฅู„ู‰ different category ุฌุงู„ูˆุง cytokine
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:15:57,960 --> 00:16:00,320
791
+ that regulate immune response ุชุดุชุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ immune
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:00,320 --> 00:16:03,890
795
+ responseูˆุทุจุนุง ุฃู‡ู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ B ูˆ T
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:03,890 --> 00:16:10,210
799
+ lymphocyte activity ูŠูˆู… ูŠุชุนุฑุถูˆุง ู„ antigen ูŠูˆู… ูŠุดูŠุฑ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:10,210 --> 00:16:13,720
803
+ ู„ู‡ู… stimulation by antigenู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู€ cytokines
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:13,720 --> 00:16:20,440
807
+ ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุดุบูˆู„ ู„ู„ู…ููˆุณุงูŠุชูŠู†
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:20,440 --> 00:16:26,540
811
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ CD4T ู„ู„ู…ููˆุณุงูŠุชูŠู† ุจุชุนุชุจุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:26,540 --> 00:16:30,320
815
+ ู„ู„ุฅูŠู…ูŠู†ูˆ ุฑุงุฌู„ุงุชุฑูŠ ู„ู„ู€ cytokine ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุชุชู†ุดุท
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:30,320 --> 00:16:34,840
819
+ ุจุชูุฑุฒู„ู†ุง cytokine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุฑุงุฌู„ุงุชูŠ ู„ู„ุฅูŠู…ูŠู†ูˆ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:34,840 --> 00:16:43,610
823
+ ุฑุงุฌู„ุงุชุฑูŠู†ุงูŠูŠู CD4 ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ T-Lymphocyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:43,610 --> 00:16:49,110
827
+ T-cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู… ุชุตุงุฏู ุฃู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุจุนุฏ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุชุดูˆูู‡
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:16:49,110 --> 00:16:53,970
831
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตู†ุน ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:16:53,970 --> 00:16:55,650
835
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:16:55,650 --> 00:16:57,670
839
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:16:57,670 --> 00:16:59,390
843
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:16:59,390 --> 00:16:59,390
847
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:16:59,390 --> 00:17:00,790
851
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:04,440 --> 00:17:06,900
855
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุงุŒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:06,900 --> 00:17:10,740
859
+ ุงู„ุงุณุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุจู†ุดุทูˆุง ุงู„ู€ Dendritic cell ูˆ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:10,740 --> 00:17:14,280
863
+ ุจู†ุดุทูˆุง ุงู„ู€ macrophage ูˆ ุจู†ุดุทูˆุง ุงู„ู€ NK cell ูƒู„ู‡ู…
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:14,280 --> 00:17:17,740
867
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠู†ุชุฌูˆุง ุงู„ู€ IL-12 ูˆ Gamma Interferon
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:17,740 --> 00:17:23,340
871
+ ูˆุทุจุนู‹ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฌูˆุฑ 11.6 ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ูŠู…ูƒู†
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:17:23,340 --> 00:17:27,860
875
+ ุฃู† ูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู†ุชุฌ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ 1 ู…ู†
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:17:27,860 --> 00:17:34,730
879
+ ู…ู† ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑู†ูˆุช ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑู†ูˆุช ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุชุฑ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:17:34,730 --> 00:17:38,410
883
+ ุชูŠู„ูŠููˆุณุงูŠุชุณ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ุดุทุช ูˆุฏุชู†ูŠ ูˆุตู„ู‡ุง
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:17:38,410 --> 00:17:42,250
887
+ differentiation ูˆุงุชู†ุดุทุช ูˆุฏุชู†ูŠ ุงู…ุง ุชูŠุงู„ุจุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู…ุง
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:17:42,250 --> 00:17:46,830
891
+ ุชูŠุงู„ุจุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุดูˆูู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ุงุด ููŠ ุงู„ figure ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:17:46,830 --> 00:17:52,250
895
+ other pathogens ุฒู‰ ุงู„ worms ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุจูŠุคุฏูˆุง
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:17:52,250 --> 00:17:59,030
899
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ secretion of IL-5 ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:17:59,030 --> 00:18:07,780
903
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ IL-4 ุฃูŠุถุงูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠู†ูุฐ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู‰
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:07,780 --> 00:18:12,980
907
+ ุชู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑุชูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุดูู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฌุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูุงุช
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:12,980 --> 00:18:17,900
911
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุชูุณูŠุฑ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงูŠุถุง low level ุงูˆ processed
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:17,900 --> 00:18:27,780
915
+ antigen ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุชู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑุชูˆ TCR ูˆุจุณ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:27,780 --> 00:18:34,160
919
+ ุชุฑุชุจุท ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุชุฎุชุงุฑ ุชู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑุชูˆูˆูˆุฌุฏู‡ุง
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:18:34,160 --> 00:18:40,360
923
+ ุชูุฑุฒ IL-4 ูˆ IL-5 ูŠูˆู… ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ increase level
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:18:40,360 --> 00:18:45,800
927
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทุจู‚ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ ู†ูˆุช TCR ุจุชุฃุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:18:45,800 --> 00:18:50,300
931
+ differentiation into ุชู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ one ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูˆุฌุฏู‡ุง
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:18:50,300 --> 00:18:54,400
935
+ ุชู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ one ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฎุงู†ูŠุฉ ู†ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู† ุชูุฑุฒ IL-2
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:18:54,400 --> 00:18:57,740
939
+ ูˆGamma Interferon ูˆTumor Necrosis Factor Beta
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:18:59,250 --> 00:19:03,870
943
+ Pathway of Tl-bar-1 ูŠุณู‡ู‘ู„
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:03,870 --> 00:19:07,610
947
+ ุงู„ู€ cell-mediated immunity ุจุงูƒุชูุงุก ุงู„ู€ macrophage
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:07,610 --> 00:19:13,810
951
+ ุนู† ูƒูŠุณ ุงู„ู€ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte ุจูŠู†ู…ุง Tl-bar-2
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:13,810 --> 00:19:17,730
955
+ ุจุงุซูˆูŠุฉ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ุฅูŠุฌุงุจ ุงู„ู€ immunity ุงู„ู‡ูˆ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:17,730 --> 00:19:22,490
959
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ 1 ุจูŠุฏูŠู†ุง cell mediated
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:22,490 --> 00:19:27,010
963
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ 2 ุจูŠุฏูŠู†ุง antibody mediated immunity
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:19:27,010 --> 00:19:34,290
967
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ subset also can regulate the
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:19:34,290 --> 00:19:38,310
971
+ growth and effector function of each other as a
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:19:38,310 --> 00:19:42,030
975
+ result of the activity of cytokine ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุดูˆูู†ุง ูƒูŠู
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:19:42,030 --> 00:19:45,430
979
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง regulation to each other ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:19:45,430 --> 00:19:46,990
983
+ cytokine that they release
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:19:49,640 --> 00:19:52,320
987
+ ุงู„ู€ IL-10 ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู€ Transformed Growth
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:19:52,320 --> 00:19:56,460
991
+ Factor Beta ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุทู„ุน ู…ู† T helper 2 ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุท
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:19:56,460 --> 00:20:03,400
995
+ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุท ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุท ุชุทูˆุฑ T helper 1 ูˆูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ูŠุณูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:03,400 --> 00:20:07,300
999
+ ุงูุฑุงุฒ ู„ู€ Gamma Interferon ู…ู† T helper 1 ูŠู…ูƒู†
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:07,300 --> 00:20:12,280
1003
+ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุท ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุท ุชุทูˆุฑ T helper 2 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ Cytokine ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:12,280 --> 00:20:15,620
1007
+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:15,620 --> 00:20:17,680
1011
+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:17,680 --> 00:20:17,680
1015
+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:20:17,680 --> 00:20:18,590
1019
+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชูƒูˆ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:20:18,590 --> 00:20:22,730
1023
+ ุณูŠู„ ุชุฑุฌุน ุงู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ูƒูˆูŠุณุงู†ุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูุฑุฏ ุงู„ู€ cytokine
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:20:22,730 --> 00:20:29,250
1027
+ ุชู†ุดุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุซู… ุจุงู†ุชู‡ุงุก ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุชุฑุฌุน ุงู„ู‰
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:20:29,250 --> 00:20:35,530
1031
+ ูˆุถุนู‡ุง ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูู‡ู…ุด cytokine ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:20:35,530 --> 00:20:42,570
1035
+ cytokine that facilitate immune innate immune
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:20:42,570 --> 00:20:47,200
1039
+ response and activate inflammatory responseุฃู†ุง
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:20:47,200 --> 00:20:54,800
1043
+ ุจุฏุฃุด ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ T
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:20:54,800 --> 00:20:59,480
1047
+ and cell subset ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ innate immune response
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:20:59,480 --> 00:21:03,720
1051
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ูˆ activation of inflammatory response
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:03,720 --> 00:21:09,920
1055
+ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ innate immune responseูˆ ุงู„
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:21:09,920 --> 00:21:17,320
1059
+ cytokine ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูˆ ุงู„ .. that
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:21:17,320 --> 00:21:21,740
1063
+ facilitate innate immune response it's usually
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:21:21,740 --> 00:21:26,780
1067
+ stimulated by viruses or microbial pathogenู‡ูˆ ุนู„ู‰
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:21:26,780 --> 00:21:29,060
1071
+ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:21:29,060 --> 00:21:33,580
1075
+ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:21:33,580 --> 00:21:38,460
1079
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:21:38,460 --> 00:21:43,400
1083
+ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:21:43,400 --> 00:21:44,120
1087
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:21:44,120 --> 00:21:44,120
1091
+ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:21:44,120 --> 00:21:44,120
1095
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:21:44,120 --> 00:21:44,520
1099
+ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:21:44,520 --> 00:21:50,560
1103
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูŠุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุงูŠุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:21:51,490 --> 00:21:55,070
1107
+ ู†ู…ุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† They stimulate the production of acute
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:21:55,070 --> 00:21:57,870
1111
+ phase protein ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ acute phase protein ุนู„ู‰
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:21:57,870 --> 00:22:02,550
1115
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ CRP ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ููˆุณููˆุฑูŠ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:22:02,550 --> 00:22:06,850
1119
+ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠู† ุชุจุน ุงู„ bacterial cell membrane or surface
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:22:07,990 --> 00:22:14,050
1123
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู„ู‘ู… ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„ ูƒู€ Optional
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:22:14,050 --> 00:22:18,610
1127
+ ูˆู…ุชู‰ ู…ุชุนู„ู‘ู…ุฉ ุชุชู†ุดุท ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุชุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:22:18,610 --> 00:22:22,530
1131
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Antibody Complex ูˆุจุชุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ classical
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:22:22,530 --> 00:22:27,950
1135
+ pathway of the complement ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ acute
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:22:27,950 --> 00:22:32,360
1139
+ phase ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ูˆุณ binding ู„ูƒุชูŠู† ุฃูŠุถุงุจุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:22:32,360 --> 00:22:35,340
1143
+ Mannose ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุจุดุชุบู„ as
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:22:35,340 --> 00:22:40,040
1147
+ obstinate ูˆุจู†ุดุฑุฉ complement ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง they increase
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:22:40,040 --> 00:22:43,500
1151
+ the number of circulating neutrophil ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ููŠู‡
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:22:43,500 --> 00:22:48,240
1155
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูƒุฉ during inflammation ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:22:48,240 --> 00:22:55,000
1159
+ they can activate Enkei cell ู†ูˆุน
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:22:55,000 --> 00:22:58,520
1163
+ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ cytokines ุงู„ interferon Alpha ูˆ Beta
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:22:59,070 --> 00:23:04,010
1167
+ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ู… ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุฑุชุจุทูŠู† ุจู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุจุนุฏ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:23:04,010 --> 00:23:10,950
1171
+ ู…ุง ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ููŠุฑูˆุณูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ู… ุงู† ูŠุญุทู…ูˆุง
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:23:10,950 --> 00:23:18,670
1175
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ูˆ ุจูŠู…ู†ุนูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:23:18,670 --> 00:23:25,210
1179
+ ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู…ุฉ ุจุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุชุฑููŠุฑูˆู† Alpha ูˆ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:23:25,210 --> 00:23:30,160
1183
+ Betaู…ุงุฐุง ูุนู„ูˆู‡ุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ู… ู‚ู…ูˆุง ุจุฅุถุงูุฉ ุงู„ู€ MSC
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:23:30,160 --> 00:23:35,640
1187
+ Class I Expression ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุตุงุจุฉ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:23:35,640 --> 00:23:42,540
1191
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ Making a Newly Infected Cell
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:23:44,910 --> 00:23:49,130
1195
+ ุฎู„ุงุต ุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ุฒูˆุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:23:49,130 --> 00:23:52,710
1199
+ expression of MSC class one ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:23:52,710 --> 00:23:57,850
1203
+ ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ู…ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ูุจุชุชู†ุดุท ุงู„
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:23:57,850 --> 00:24:02,350
1207
+ cytotoxic telephosites ูˆ ุจุชุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ gamma
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:24:02,350 --> 00:24:06,690
1211
+ interferon ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ Alpha ูˆ Beta ุงู„ gamma
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:24:06,690 --> 00:24:12,250
1215
+ interferon ุจุชูุฑุฒ ู…ู† ุงู„ Anky cell and other
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:24:12,250 --> 00:24:16,730
1219
+ effectors cell ุทุจุนุงูˆุจุชุนู…ู„ induction ู„ู€ adaptive
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:24:16,730 --> 00:24:21,910
1223
+ immune responses ู†ุดูˆู
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:24:21,910 --> 00:24:26,930
1227
+ inflammatory cytokine ุดูู†ุง ุงู„ innate cytokine ุงู„
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:24:26,930 --> 00:24:31,090
1231
+ inflammatory cytokine activate inflammatory cell ูˆ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:24:31,090 --> 00:24:34,910
1235
+ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… pro-inflammatory cytokine ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุซุงู„
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:24:34,910 --> 00:24:38,070
1239
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุขูŠุฉ 1 ูˆ 6 ูˆ tumor necrosis factor ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:24:38,070 --> 00:24:41,490
1243
+ ุดูู†ุงู‡ู… ุทูˆุงู„ ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง they increased
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:24:41,490 --> 00:24:45,030
1247
+ vascular permeabilityุจูŠุฒูˆุฏูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:24:45,030 --> 00:24:50,390
1251
+ permeability between ุงูŠุด within blood vessels ุทุจุนุง
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:24:50,390 --> 00:24:54,170
1255
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ vascular endothelial cells ุจูŠุฒูˆุฏ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:24:54,170 --> 00:24:57,030
1259
+ ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ expression of cell adhesion molecule ุนู„ู‰
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:24:57,030 --> 00:25:01,310
1263
+ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ E ูˆ ุงู„ P selected ูˆ ุงู„ ICAM 1 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:25:01,310 --> 00:25:03,690
1267
+ intracellular adhesion molecule number one
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:25:03,690 --> 00:25:08,340
1271
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู‡ู„ูˆุง ุงุฑุชุจุงุทุงู„ู€ Neutrophil ุจุงู„ู€
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:25:08,340 --> 00:25:11,980
1275
+ endothelial cell ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูˆู„ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ู…ู† ุฎุทูˆุงุช
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:25:11,980 --> 00:25:15,940
1279
+ ุงู„ูุงุฌูˆุณุงูŠุชูˆุณุณ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุชุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Diabetes ูˆู‡ูŠ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:25:15,940 --> 00:25:21,500
1283
+ ุจุชู†ุทู„ู‚ ุงู„ู€ Neutrophil ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุญุฏุซ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงู„ู€
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:25:21,500 --> 00:25:29,920
1287
+ Interferon ุจุชุฌุฐุจ ุชุนู…ู„ Calling ู„ู€ Macrophage ุจุชุฒุนุฌ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:25:29,920 --> 00:25:35,020
1291
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ุงู„ู€ Antigentransforming
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:25:35,020 --> 00:25:38,840
1295
+ growth factor beta ุจู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ุจุณู…ูˆุท ูŠูˆู…ุฑ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:25:38,840 --> 00:25:42,180
1299
+ growth factor beta ุจู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ in terminating
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:25:42,180 --> 00:25:44,760
1303
+ inflammatory response ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† inhibitory
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:25:44,760 --> 00:25:52,920
1307
+ cytokine ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ accumulation
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:25:52,920 --> 00:25:57,200
1311
+ and proliferation ู„ู„fibroblast ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏุซ and
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:25:57,200 --> 00:26:00,960
1315
+ deposition of extracellular matrix protein ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:26:00,960 --> 00:26:07,900
1319
+ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ for tissue repairุทุจ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:26:07,900 --> 00:26:11,680
1323
+ chemokine ุฃูˆ ุงู„ cytokine that affect leukocyte
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:26:11,680 --> 00:26:17,160
1327
+ movement ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง they are usually low molecular
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:26:17,160 --> 00:26:21,800
1331
+ weight chemotactic cytokine they have 70 to 80
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:26:21,800 --> 00:26:28,360
1335
+ residue and they have conserved sequence and they
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:26:28,360 --> 00:26:33,590
1339
+ are potent attractor ูŠุนู†ูŠุจูŠุฌุฒูˆุง ุจู‚ูˆุฉ for various
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:26:33,590 --> 00:26:36,590
1343
+ leukocyte subsites ุทุจุนุง ุฃู‡ู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ monocyte
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:26:36,590 --> 00:26:40,710
1347
+ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆููŠู„ ุงู„ู€ monocyte ูˆ ุงู„ limphocyte example ุนู„ู‰
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:26:40,710 --> 00:26:48,350
1351
+ ุงู„ chemokine includes IL-8 and this is produced by
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:26:48,350 --> 00:26:52,610
1355
+ monocytes ูˆ mobilize
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:26:54,620 --> 00:27:01,120
1359
+ ูˆ ูŠุฏูุน ุงู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆููŠู„ ูˆ ูŠุฏูุน ุงู„ุงู†ุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุณูŠุณ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:27:01,120 --> 00:27:04,600
1363
+ cytokine ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูุธ ุงู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆููŠู„ ุนู„ู‰
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:27:04,600 --> 00:27:08,260
1367
+ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุงู„ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูˆู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุงุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:27:08,260 --> 00:27:14,960
1371
+ ุฅูŠู‡ุงุด ุงู„ blood vessels ุฑุงู†ุชุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ ุดุบู„
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:27:14,960 --> 00:27:19,720
1375
+ ุฑุงู†ุชุณ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฃูŠุถุง cytokine produced by T
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:27:19,720 --> 00:27:26,860
1379
+ lymphocytesูˆุจูŠุฎู„ู‘ูŠ ุงู„ู€Besophil ุชู€Degranulate
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:27:26,860 --> 00:27:34,160
1383
+ ูˆุจูŠู†ุดู‘ุฑ ุชู„ูŠู†ูุณุงูŠุฒ ุงู„ู€ MCP-1 ุณู†ุดุงู‡ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:27:34,160 --> 00:27:39,000
1387
+ ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุงุชู‡ุง ุฏูŠ Produced by monocyte and activate
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:27:39,000 --> 00:27:43,440
1391
+ macrophage ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง Stimulate Besophil Histamine
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:27:43,440 --> 00:27:49,800
1395
+ Release ูˆุจูŠุญูุธ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู†ุดูŠุท ุงู„ู€TL-B2
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:27:49,800 --> 00:27:59,190
1399
+ pathwayุงู„ู€ MIP1 ูˆุจุฑู‡ู† ุงูˆ Alpha ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูˆู†ูˆุณุงูŠุชุฒ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:27:59,190 --> 00:28:06,330
1403
+ ูˆู…ุดุงุฑูƒ ุชูŠุฑุจุฑ ูˆุงู† ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุชูŠุฑุจุฑ ุชูˆ ุงู…ูŠูˆู†ูŠุชูŠ ุงูŠุถุง ู‡ุฐุง
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:28:06,330 --> 00:28:09,870
1407
+ MIP1
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:28:09,870 --> 00:28:13,990
1411
+ ุจูŠุชุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆู†ูˆุณุงูŠุชุฒ ูˆู†ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆููŠู„
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:28:13,990 --> 00:28:24,210
1415
+ ูˆุงู†ุฏูˆุซูŠู„ูŠุง ุณูŠู„ ุจูŠู†ุงูุณ ู…ุน HIV 1for chemokine
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:28:24,210 --> 00:28:29,230
1419
+ receptor binding ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุงูุณ ุงู„ู€HIV ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ููŠ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:28:29,230 --> 00:28:32,970
1423
+ ุงู„ุฅุฑุชุจุงุท ู…ู† ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑู‡ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทูˆุจุฉ ู†ุฌุช
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:28:32,970 --> 00:28:36,450
1427
+ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง MCP ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† monocyte chemotactic
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:28:36,450 --> 00:28:42,210
1431
+ protein ูˆุงู„ู€MIB ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† macro phage
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:28:42,210 --> 00:28:46,880
1435
+ inflammatory proteinูˆุงู„ุฑุงู†ุชุณ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† regulated
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:28:46,880 --> 00:28:57,140
1439
+ upon activation normalty expressed and secreted ุฏูŠ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:28:57,140 --> 00:29:00,140
1443
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ cytokines ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุช stimulate ู‡ู…ูˆุŒ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:29:00,140 --> 00:29:05,600
1447
+ hematopoiesis ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู… ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู‡ู… ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ู… ุงู„ cytokines
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:29:05,600 --> 00:29:10,880
1451
+ ุฏูŠ ู‡ู… ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:29:10,880 --> 00:29:17,720
1455
+ they can be produced in vitroูˆ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ู… ููŠ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:29:17,720 --> 00:29:22,200
1459
+ culture media to induce hemopoiesis ูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู…
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:29:22,200 --> 00:29:25,800
1463
+ collectively colon stimulating factor ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:29:25,800 --> 00:29:29,960
1467
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ macro phase colon stimulating factor
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:29:29,960 --> 00:29:34,700
1471
+ ูˆ ุงู„ granulocyte colon stimulating factor GMCSF
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:29:34,700 --> 00:29:39,820
1475
+ IL3 ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ cytokine stimulate clonal
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:29:39,820 --> 00:29:43,220
1479
+ growth of large number of cell population ุนุดุงู† ุฃูŠู‡
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:29:43,220 --> 00:29:48,410
1483
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ father of cytokinesุฃูŠุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:29:48,410 --> 00:29:56,770
1487
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุฑูˆุจูŠุชูŠู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู†ุดูŠุท ุงูˆ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุฑูˆุจูŠุณูŠุณ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:29:56,770 --> 00:30:03,510
1491
+ ุจูŠุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ูˆุฑู…ูˆุจู„ุงุณ ู„ RBCs ูˆุฃูŠุงู„ ุณุจุนุฉ produced by
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:30:03,510 --> 00:30:08,230
1495
+ bone marrow and thymic stromal cell ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:30:08,230 --> 00:30:12,160
1499
+ differentiation of lymphoid stem cellู„ู€ B
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:30:12,160 --> 00:30:20,060
1503
+ -Lymphocyte ูˆT-Lymphocyte ุงู„ู€ GCSF ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:30:20,060 --> 00:30:24,040
1507
+ to reverse ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆุจูŠู†ูŠุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆุจูŠู†ูŠุง
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:30:24,040 --> 00:30:27,740
1511
+ ุจูŠุฒูˆุฏ ุชู†ุดูŠุท ุฃูˆ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆููŠู„
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:30:32,590 --> 00:30:36,270
1515
+ ุจู†ุฒูˆุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ Neutrophil ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:30:36,270 --> 00:30:41,430
1519
+ high-dose chemotherapy ุงู„ู€ GMCSF ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง is used to
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:30:41,430 --> 00:30:43,490
1523
+ treat patients undergoing bone marrow
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:30:43,490 --> 00:30:48,390
1527
+ transplantation ุดูˆ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ boosting for
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:30:48,390 --> 00:30:53,220
1531
+ clonal expansion of granulocyte and macrophageูˆ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:30:53,220 --> 00:31:00,480
1535
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ hemopoietic cytokine ุทุจ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:31:00,480 --> 00:31:04,100
1539
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ cytokine receptor ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง these
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:31:04,100 --> 00:31:09,040
1543
+ cytokine can act collectively ุฃู†ุง ุจุญูƒูŠู‡ุง ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:31:09,040 --> 00:31:12,820
1547
+ cytokine collectively can act only on target cells
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:31:14,360 --> 00:31:17,480
1551
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง receptor for the cytokine ู…ุง
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:31:17,480 --> 00:31:20,780
1555
+ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูู‚ุท ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:31:20,780 --> 00:31:25,060
1559
+ receptor for the cytokine ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ ุงู„ resting
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:31:25,060 --> 00:31:31,500
1563
+ cell ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ do not express receptor ู…ุงุดูŠ or
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:31:31,500 --> 00:31:36,350
1567
+ they express it in low affinityุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ IL-2
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:31:36,350 --> 00:31:40,770
1571
+ ุฑูŠุณูŠุจุชูˆุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Intermediate Affinity Diameter
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:31:40,770 --> 00:31:47,470
1575
+ ุจูŠุชุงุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ู€ Chain ุฃูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ุง ููŠ High
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:31:47,470 --> 00:31:51,330
1579
+ Affinity Diameter ูŠูˆู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ Chain ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:31:51,330 --> 00:31:54,230
1583
+ Low Affinityุจู‚ู‰ ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ resting cell ู„ูƒู† ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:31:54,230 --> 00:31:59,410
1587
+ ุชุชู†ุดู‚ ุจุชุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ triangular ูŠุนู†ูŠ three
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:31:59,410 --> 00:32:03,030
1591
+ chain
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:32:03,030 --> 00:32:09,350
1595
+ receptors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… Alpha, Beta, Gamma ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ in
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:32:09,350 --> 00:32:14,350
1599
+ response to IL-2 secretion ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:32:14,350 --> 00:32:17,950
1603
+ ุงุณุชู‚ู„ุช ู…ู† ุงู„ cytokine to cytokine receptor
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:32:17,950 --> 00:32:28,260
1607
+ interactionุจุฏุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‰
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:32:28,260 --> 00:32:36,760
1611
+ ูˆุถุน ุฎุทุท ู„ู…ู†ุน ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู€
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:32:36,760 --> 00:32:40,420
1615
+ inflammatory responsesุฒูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช Rheumatoid
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:32:40,420 --> 00:32:44,220
1619
+ Arthritis ุงูˆ Transplantation Rejection ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:32:44,220 --> 00:32:47,260
1623
+ ู…ุนุฑูุชู†ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ุนุฑูุชู†ุง ู„ู„ู€ cytokine to cytokine
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:32:47,260 --> 00:32:53,880
1627
+ receptor interaction ุงู‚ุฏุฑู†ุง ู†ุณุชุฎู„ุต ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุงุช
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:32:53,880 --> 00:33:00,420
1631
+ ุนู„ุงุฌูŠุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุน ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงูˆ ุนู…ู„ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ cytokine ุงุซู†ุงุก
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:33:00,420 --> 00:33:03,620
1635
+ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ Rheumatoid Arthritis ุงูˆ
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:33:03,620 --> 00:33:11,380
1639
+ Transplantation ุทูŠุจ ู‚ุณู…ูˆุง ุงู„ receptorsุฃูˆ ุฎู…ุณ
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:33:11,380 --> 00:33:17,780
1643
+ ุนุงุฆู„ุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู…ุง immunoglobulin superfamily
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:33:17,780 --> 00:33:24,540
1647
+ receptor ุงูˆ class one cytokine receptorุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู…
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:33:24,540 --> 00:33:28,420
1651
+ hemopoietin receptor family ูˆ class 2 cytokine
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:33:28,420 --> 00:33:32,920
1655
+ receptor ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… interferon receptor family ุซู…
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:33:32,920 --> 00:33:36,140
1659
+ transform ุฃูˆ tumor necrosis factor receptor super
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:33:36,140 --> 00:33:42,060
1663
+ family and chemokine receptor family ุฎู…ุณ ุนุงุฆู„ุงุช
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:33:42,060 --> 00:33:46,080
1667
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:33:46,080 --> 00:33:50,560
1671
+ immunoglobulin super familyูˆู‡ูŠ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ cytokine
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:33:50,560 --> 00:33:57,860
1675
+ ุชุฑุชุจุท ููŠู‡ุง ุซู… class one cytokine receptor ูˆู‡ูŠ ูƒู…ุงู†
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:33:57,860 --> 00:34:03,320
1679
+ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุซู… class two ุซู… human cross factor
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:34:03,320 --> 00:34:08,160
1683
+ ุซู… chemokine receptor ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:34:08,160 --> 00:34:13,320
1687
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† receptor ู„ู‡ุง ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ูƒู† ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุชุดุชุฑูƒ ููŠ
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:34:13,320 --> 00:34:16,660
1691
+ different domains ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุขู†
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:34:19,980 --> 00:34:20,880
1695
+ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:34:20,880 --> 00:34:24,480
1699
+ Immunoglobulin Superfamily Receptor ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:34:24,480 --> 00:34:25,860
1703
+ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดุงุจู‡ ู„ู„ุฅู…ูŠู†oglobulin
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:34:25,860 --> 00:34:31,080
1707
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠู‡ domain ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุฏูŠ Receptor
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:34:31,080 --> 00:34:34,000
1711
+ ูุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:34:34,000 --> 00:34:38,400
1715
+ Immunoglobulin Superfamily Receptor ูˆู‚ุช ุชุถู… ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:34:38,400 --> 00:34:46,840
1719
+ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ Receptor ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ Receptor ุชุจุนู‡ุง at
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:34:46,840 --> 00:34:53,480
1723
+ least for one immunoglobulinLike Domain Class I
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:34:53,480 --> 00:34:57,900
1727
+ ุณูŠุทูˆูƒุงูŠู† ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุฃูˆ ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง hemopoietin receptor
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:34:57,900 --> 00:35:06,440
1731
+ family ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† two polypeptide chain ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:35:06,440 --> 00:35:11,380
1735
+ alphaู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ signal transduction ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ Alpha
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:35:11,380 --> 00:35:14,400
1739
+ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ Beta ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ signal
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:35:14,400 --> 00:35:18,820
1743
+ transduction ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู…ุง Beta ูˆุงู…ุง Gamma ุญุณุจ
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:35:18,820 --> 00:35:23,680
1747
+ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ cytokine ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ cytokine ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:35:23,680 --> 00:35:28,660
1751
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ class one family
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:35:28,660 --> 00:35:36,260
1755
+ class one receptor family ุงู…ุซู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ I L2
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:35:36,260 --> 00:35:46,190
1759
+ I L3 I L5Y15 ูˆ GM ูˆ GCSF Class 2 ุงูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:35:46,190 --> 00:35:52,730
1763
+ Interferon ู…ุงุดูŠ Receptor family ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:35:52,730 --> 00:35:58,050
1767
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ Interferon and they have
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:35:58,050 --> 00:36:06,320
1771
+ biological activity that overlapู…ุน ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุทูŠู†
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:36:06,320 --> 00:36:12,960
1775
+ ุจู€ Interferon ุฒูŠ IL-10.Tumor Necrosis Factor
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:36:12,960 --> 00:36:20,480
1779
+ Receptor Superfamily ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:36:20,480 --> 00:36:24,580
1783
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Adapter Protein ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู€Tumor
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:36:24,580 --> 00:36:30,600
1787
+ Necrosis Factor Receptor Associated Factor ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:36:30,600 --> 00:36:35,600
1791
+ ุงู„ู€ Receptorูˆุงู„ู†ูƒุฑูˆุณูŠุณ ูุงูƒุชูˆุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:36:35,600 --> 00:36:36,180
1795
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:36:36,180 --> 00:36:38,240
1799
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:36:38,240 --> 00:36:39,620
1803
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:36:39,620 --> 00:36:43,440
1807
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:36:43,440 --> 00:36:48,460
1811
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:36:48,460 --> 00:36:48,920
1815
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:36:48,920 --> 00:36:51,020
1819
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:36:51,020 --> 00:36:52,740
1823
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:36:52,740 --> 00:37:00,540
1827
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:37:01,880 --> 00:37:25,120
1831
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:37:25,120 --> 00:37:28,620
1835
+ ู…ุชุจุงูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ pathogen ู…ุซู„
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:37:31,150 --> 00:37:35,750
1839
+ Stryptococcus pneumonia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ Platelet
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:37:35,750 --> 00:37:40,270
1843
+ Activating Factor Receptor ุจุชุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ Plasmodium
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:37:40,270 --> 00:37:47,110
1847
+ V-Vax ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ Duffy Blood Group Antigen
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:37:47,110 --> 00:37:54,410
1851
+ ุจุชุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ HIV-1 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Receptor ุชุจุนู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:37:54,410 --> 00:37:59,310
1855
+ CXC R4 ูˆ Chemokine Receptor 5
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:38:01,950 --> 00:38:05,790
1859
+ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠู† ู„ู€ Viral Entry into T Cell and
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:38:05,790 --> 00:38:10,950
1863
+ Macrophage Respectively ูˆู‡ุฐุง
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:38:10,950 --> 00:38:18,050
1867
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ cytokine in disease ุฑุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ุฎูุฌุฑ
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:38:18,050 --> 00:38:25,490
1871
+ ูƒูŠู ุชุตุจุญ ุงู„ู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Receptor ู…ุฑุชุจุท
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:38:25,490 --> 00:38:28,690
1875
+ ุจู€ Adapter ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ู…ู† ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู€
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:38:28,690 --> 00:38:30,730
1879
+ Intracytoplasmic
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:38:32,560 --> 00:38:37,500
1883
+ ุจูˆุฑุดูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ ุฌุงูƒูŠ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุฃูŠ ุงู„ cytokine ูŠูุฑุฒ
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:38:37,500 --> 00:38:44,680
1887
+ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจ ุงู„ receptor ุชุจุนู‡ ูู…ุชู…ุง ุงุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:38:44,680 --> 00:38:48,040
1891
+ receptor ุชุจุนู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ diamerization ุดุงูŠููŠู†
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:38:48,040 --> 00:38:53,400
1895
+ ูƒุฏู‡ ู…ุชุจุงุนุฏ ุงู„ receptor ุนู† ุจุนุถ ู„ูƒู† ูŠูˆู… ูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:38:53,400 --> 00:38:57,040
1899
+ cytokine ูŠูุฑุฒ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ diamerization ู„ ุงู„ receptors
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:38:57,040 --> 00:39:00,630
1903
+ ู…ุชู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ diamerization ูˆ ูŠุฑุดูƒู„ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠุจุตูŠุฑ
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:39:00,630 --> 00:39:03,170
1907
+ activation ู„ู„ุฌุงูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ adaptor ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:39:03,170 --> 00:39:08,230
1911
+ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† energy dependent
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:39:08,230 --> 00:39:14,430
1915
+ process ู†ูู‚ุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุทุงู‚ุฉ ATP ุจูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ ADP ูˆ ููŠ ู†ูุณ
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:39:14,430 --> 00:39:20,870
1919
+ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ phosphorylation ู„ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุงูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:39:20,870 --> 00:39:25,750
1923
+ ุจุงู„ุทุจุท ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ activation ู„ู„ุฌุงูƒ ุจู†ุดุทู„ู†ุง
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:39:25,750 --> 00:39:32,770
1927
+ another ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ STAT ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:39:32,770 --> 00:39:36,030
1931
+ phosphorylation ู…ุงุช ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุงุชุตุฑููˆุง ุงู„
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:39:36,030 --> 00:39:38,990
1935
+ phosphorylation ู„ู„ STAT ุจูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง ูˆุตุงุฑู„ู‡
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:39:38,990 --> 00:39:46,050
1939
+ Diamerization ูˆุฅุฐุง ุงุชุญุตุฑ Diamerized ุงู„ STAT ุจูŠู†ุชู‚ู„
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:39:46,050 --> 00:39:52,510
1943
+ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ nucleus ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุฑุชุจุท ุจุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู†
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:39:52,510 --> 00:39:59,690
1947
+ transcription of specific air ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ action
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:40:01,290 --> 00:40:06,410
1951
+ ู…ุดูŠ ุจูŠุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ู€ Receptor
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:40:06,410 --> 00:40:11,010
1955
+ ู…ุชุจุงุนุฏ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุฃูŠู‡ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆูŠู† ู…ู†
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:40:11,010 --> 00:40:15,210
1959
+ Extra Cellular ูˆ Transmembrane ูˆ Intracytoplasmic
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:40:15,210 --> 00:40:19,390
1963
+ portion ุงู„ Intracytoplasmic portion ู…ุฑุชุจุท
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:40:19,390 --> 00:40:24,370
1967
+ ุจุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Adapter Protein ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ Jack
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:40:24,370 --> 00:40:30,470
1971
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Genus Activated Kinase ู…ุดูŠ
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:40:31,850 --> 00:40:35,350
1975
+ This ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุง ูŠูุฑุฒ ุงู„ู€ cytokine
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:40:35,350 --> 00:40:41,110
1979
+ Automatically ุงู„ุฑูŠุณูŠุจุชุฑ ุจูŠุณู…ู„ู‡ Diamerization ุจูŠุฌุฑุจ
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:40:41,110 --> 00:40:45,370
1983
+ ู…ู† ุจุนุถู‡ ูˆู…ุชู…ุง ุฌุฑุจ ู…ู† ุจุนุถู‡ ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุตุงุฑู„ู‡
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:40:45,370 --> 00:40:49,130
1987
+ Diamerization ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ุดูƒู„ู‡ ูุฏูŠ ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ู„ู„ jack ุงู„
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:40:49,130 --> 00:40:53,650
1991
+ routine to be activated ูุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชู†ุทู‚ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:40:53,650 --> 00:40:57,670
1995
+ energy independent ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูู†ุง ุงู„ ATP ุจูŠูู‚ุฏ ูˆู…ุชุญูˆู„
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:40:57,670 --> 00:41:02,560
1999
+ ู„ ADP ู‡ุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ jackุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุดุทู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:41:02,560 --> 00:41:05,060
2003
+ transcriptional factor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุณุชุงุช
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:41:05,060 --> 00:41:11,440
2007
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุงุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ุณุชุงุช ุจุณ ุงู„ modernization
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:41:11,440 --> 00:41:16,940
2011
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชุณู‡ู„ ุฏุฎูˆู„ู‡ ู„ ุงู„ nucleus ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:41:16,940 --> 00:41:21,600
2015
+ DNA ูˆูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุฌูŠู†ุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจูŠุญูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ transcription
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:41:21,600 --> 00:41:27,680
2019
+ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ูุฑุตุฉ ุงู‡ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† which induce
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:41:27,680 --> 00:41:28,320
2023
+ activity
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:41:34,750 --> 00:41:39,810
2027
+ Cytokine must generate intracellular signal ุทุจุนุง
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:41:39,810 --> 00:41:45,390
2031
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู†ุชุฌุฑ ุงู„ู€ active transcriptional
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:41:45,390 --> 00:41:49,230
2035
+ factor ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ gene expression
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:41:49,230 --> 00:41:53,710
2039
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃุดูˆู ู…ุทูˆู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุดุฑุญ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:41:53,710 --> 00:41:56,870
2043
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ binding of a cytokine to its
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:41:56,870 --> 00:42:01,270
2047
+ cellular receptor ู…ุงุฐุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ polymerization
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:42:01,270 --> 00:42:02,130
2051
+ ุฃูˆ
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:42:05,690 --> 00:42:09,850
2055
+ Signaling is initiated by activation of JAK, ู†ุดุท
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:42:09,850 --> 00:42:14,530
2059
+ JAK kinases.ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† family of cytosolic
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:42:14,530 --> 00:42:20,030
2063
+ protein tyrosine kinase ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ interaction that
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:42:20,030 --> 00:42:27,100
2067
+ interact with cytoplasmic domainุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:42:27,100 --> 00:42:30,760
2071
+ phosphorylation of tyrosine residue ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:42:30,760 --> 00:42:34,400
2075
+ ุงู„ู€cytoplasmic ุฏูˆูŠู† of the receptor ุงู† ุดุฑุญุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:42:34,400 --> 00:42:38,320
2079
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุทูˆุฃ ุดุฑุญุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุฌุฑ ุฃู†ุง and on a family of
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:42:38,320 --> 00:42:41,460
2083
+ transcriptional factors ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง STAT ุงูˆ ุจุงู‚ุชุตุงุฑู‡ุง
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:42:41,460 --> 00:42:46,820
2087
+ ู„ signal transduction and activator of
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:42:46,820 --> 00:42:47,640
2091
+ transcription
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:42:51,360 --> 00:42:55,400
2095
+ ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ู…ุฑุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ููˆุณููˆุฑูŠู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:42:55,400 --> 00:42:56,020
2099
+ ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:42:56,020 --> 00:42:57,380
2103
+ ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:42:57,380 --> 00:42:59,620
2107
+ ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:42:59,620 --> 00:42:59,920
2111
+ ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:42:59,920 --> 00:43:01,940
2115
+ ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:43:01,940 --> 00:43:01,940
2119
+ ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:43:01,940 --> 00:43:02,180
2123
+ ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:43:02,180 --> 00:43:12,640
2127
+ ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠูƒ
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:43:14,550 --> 00:43:19,130
2131
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุตุญูˆุจุฉ ุจู€ cytoplasmic protein ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… ุจุฅูุฑุงุฒ
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:43:19,130 --> 00:43:22,870
2135
+ ุทุจุนุง ุชูƒูˆูŠู† cytoplasmic protein ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… suppressor
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:43:22,870 --> 00:43:28,590
2139
+ of cytokine suppressor of cytokine ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… SOX
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:43:28,590 --> 00:43:34,290
2143
+ protein and this signaling protein regulate the
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:43:34,290 --> 00:43:38,590
2147
+ signal transduction ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจู€ cytokine
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:43:38,590 --> 00:43:41,590
2151
+ receptor ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ signaling protein
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:43:45,750 --> 00:43:51,090
2155
+ ุจุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ุฏูŠ degradation ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุชู‰ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:43:51,090 --> 00:43:56,130
2159
+ ุจุชู†ุงูุณ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ signaling ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ููŠ
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:43:56,130 --> 00:44:00,190
2163
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุงู„ receptor ุชุจุนุชู‡ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจุทู„ ููŠ
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:44:00,190 --> 00:44:05,030
2167
+ action ู„ู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ cytokine ุงูˆ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:44:05,030 --> 00:44:09,970
2171
+ reaction ุฏูŠ regulation of normal socks ุจู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:44:09,970 --> 00:44:21,070
2175
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุจ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุจุงู„
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:44:21,070 --> 00:44:28,050
2179
+ ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุนู„ุงุฌูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ protein can
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:44:28,050 --> 00:44:35,090
2183
+ manipulate the function of certain cytokine
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:44:35,090 --> 00:44:40,270
2187
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ we can treat diseases by using them
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:44:43,160 --> 00:44:47,440
2191
+ ุทุจ ู†ุดูˆู ุฏูˆุฑู‡ู… ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ cytokine ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ู†ู…ุฑ
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:44:47,440 --> 00:44:54,200
2195
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ toxic shock syndrome ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:44:54,200 --> 00:44:58,200
2199
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุฎุด ุงู„ antigen ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจูŠุชูˆูุฑุฒ ุงู„
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:44:58,200 --> 00:45:00,880
2203
+ cytokine ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู†ุง toxic shock
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:45:00,880 --> 00:45:04,080
2207
+ syndrome ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ it's initiated by the
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:45:04,080 --> 00:45:07,020
2211
+ release of super antigen ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ super antigen
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:45:08,870 --> 00:45:11,170
2215
+ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ cytokine
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:45:11,170 --> 00:45:17,310
2219
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุดุฑ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ T lymphocyte ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:45:17,310 --> 00:45:20,490
2223
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ antigen ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ูˆุงู„
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:45:20,490 --> 00:45:22,690
2227
+ super antigen ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ antigen ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ูˆุงู„ super
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:45:22,690 --> 00:45:27,810
2231
+ antigen ููŠ ุชู†ุดูŠุท ุงู„ T lymphocyte ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:45:27,810 --> 00:45:34,490
2235
+ antigen ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑ ุชู„ุงู ู…ู† ุงู„ T lymphocyte
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:45:34,490 --> 00:45:40,820
2239
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุชุชู†ุดุฑุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ super
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:45:40,820 --> 00:45:44,760
2243
+ antigen ูƒู„ ุงู„ cytokine ุงู„ุชู„ูŠููˆุณูŠุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:45:44,760 --> 00:45:50,700
2247
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุชุชู†ุดุฑ ูุชุฎูŠู„ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฃุฏูŠ
2248
+
2249
+ 563
2250
+ 00:45:50,700 --> 00:45:55,980
2251
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠ .. ุจูŠ .. ุจูŠ .. ุจูŠ .. ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
2252
+
2253
+ 564
2254
+ 00:45:55,980 --> 00:45:59,480
2255
+ excessive
2256
+
2257
+ 565
2258
+ 00:45:59,480 --> 00:46:04,200
2259
+ production of cytokine ูˆูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู„ู„ cytokine ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ
2260
+
2261
+ 566
2262
+ 00:46:04,200 --> 00:46:09,980
2263
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจุชุนู…ู„ dysregulation ู„ู„Cytokine Network ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ
2264
+
2265
+ 567
2266
+ 00:46:09,980 --> 00:46:14,680
2267
+ ุงู„ู‰ I level YL1 and tumor necrosis factor ูˆ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
2268
+
2269
+ 568
2270
+ 00:46:14,680 --> 00:46:17,760
2271
+ ุงู„ cytokine two cytokine ุฏูŠ induce systemic
2272
+
2273
+ 569
2274
+ 00:46:17,760 --> 00:46:24,000
2275
+ reaction ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ููŠูˆุฑ ูˆ blood clotting ุฏูŠุงุฑูŠุฉ
2276
+
2277
+ 570
2278
+ 00:46:24,000 --> 00:46:28,080
2279
+ drop in blood pressure and shock ูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช
2280
+
2281
+ 571
2282
+ 00:46:28,080 --> 00:46:35,190
2283
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ deathู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงูุฑุงุฒ ุงู„ IL-1 ูˆ ุงู„ human
2284
+
2285
+ 572
2286
+ 00:46:35,190 --> 00:46:40,690
2287
+ cross factor ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู†ุชุฌุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ
2288
+
2289
+ 573
2290
+ 00:46:40,690 --> 00:46:45,590
2291
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุชู†ุดูŠุท ุงู„ูŠู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
2292
+
2293
+ 574
2294
+ 00:46:45,590 --> 00:46:50,030
2295
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ toxic shock syndrome ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ุธุงู‡ุฑู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง
2296
+
2297
+ 575
2298
+ 00:46:50,030 --> 00:46:53,430
2299
+ fever ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ blood clotting diarrhea
2300
+
2301
+ 576
2302
+ 00:46:53,430 --> 00:46:58,350
2303
+ drop in blood pressure ูˆ shock ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰
2304
+
2305
+ 577
2306
+ 00:46:58,350 --> 00:47:03,470
2307
+ ุงู„ูˆูุงุฉุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Bacterial Septic Shock ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
2308
+
2309
+ 578
2310
+ 00:47:03,470 --> 00:47:08,690
2311
+ Overproduction of Cytokine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู†
2312
+
2313
+ 579
2314
+ 00:47:08,690 --> 00:47:12,010
2315
+ ู…ุณุญูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ Gram Negative Bacterial Infection
2316
+
2317
+ 580
2318
+ 00:47:12,010 --> 00:47:18,970
2319
+ ุฃูˆ Endotoxin produced by these bacteria ุจุชู†ุดุทู„ู†ุง
2320
+
2321
+ 581
2322
+ 00:47:18,970 --> 00:47:24,530
2323
+ ุงู„ู…ุงูƒุฑูˆูุงุฌ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชูุฑุฒ IL-1 ูˆTumor Noxious
2324
+
2325
+ 582
2326
+ 00:47:24,530 --> 00:47:29,740
2327
+ Factor ุชูˆูŠ ุดูู†ุงู‡ู… Alphaุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ุฏู‘ูˆ ุงู„ู‰ fatal form
2328
+
2329
+ 583
2330
+ 00:47:29,740 --> 00:47:42,780
2331
+ of bacterial septic shock ุญุงู„ุฉ
2332
+
2333
+ 584
2334
+ 00:47:42,780 --> 00:47:50,300
2335
+ ุงู„ cancer ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ cancer ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
2336
+
2337
+ 585
2338
+ 00:47:50,300 --> 00:47:56,020
2339
+ ููŠู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง seboral lymphoid ูˆ myeloid
2340
+
2341
+ 586
2342
+ 00:47:56,020 --> 00:47:56,520
2343
+ cancer
2344
+
2345
+ 587
2346
+ 00:47:59,730 --> 00:48:02,570
2347
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ are associated with abnormally high level of
2348
+
2349
+ 588
2350
+ 00:48:02,570 --> 00:48:06,410
2351
+ cytokine ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจุฑุถู‡ cytokine receptor
2352
+
2353
+ 589
2354
+ 00:48:06,410 --> 00:48:10,990
2355
+ expression ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุฃุถู„ T ุณู„ูˆ
2356
+
2357
+ 590
2358
+ 00:48:10,990 --> 00:48:21,250
2359
+ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุบุงู„ุจุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง T ุณู„ูˆ ุฃูˆ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ T ุณู„ูˆ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุง
2360
+
2361
+ 591
2362
+ 00:48:21,250 --> 00:48:23,150
2363
+ virus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ HDLV1
2364
+
2365
+ 592
2366
+ 00:48:25,350 --> 00:48:33,530
2367
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุงู†ููƒุงุฑ ุชู„ูŠู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช
2368
+
2369
+ 593
2370
+ 00:48:33,530 --> 00:48:41,630
2371
+ ูˆูˆุฌุฏุชู‡ุง ุจุชูุฑุฒ IL-2 ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ IL-2 ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ููŠ
2372
+
2373
+ 594
2374
+ 00:48:41,630 --> 00:48:47,750
2375
+ ุบูŠุงุจ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ autocrine stimulation
2376
+
2377
+ 595
2378
+ 00:48:47,750 --> 00:48:52,750
2379
+ of infected T cell ูˆุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ uncontrolled
2380
+
2381
+ 596
2382
+ 00:48:52,750 --> 00:48:59,450
2383
+ growthุจุฌูุนุงุช ุงู„ู€ T cell leukemia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุณุจุจู‡ุง
2384
+
2385
+ 597
2386
+ 00:48:59,450 --> 00:49:00,610
2387
+ HTLV-1
2388
+
2389
+ 598
2390
+ 00:49:05,050 --> 00:49:08,930
2391
+ T lymphocyte is infected with this virus ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
2392
+
2393
+ 599
2394
+ 00:49:08,930 --> 00:49:13,030
2395
+ ุชูุฑุฒ ุงู„ IL-2 ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ receptor ุชุจุน ุงู„
2396
+
2397
+ 600
2398
+ 00:49:13,030 --> 00:49:19,590
2399
+ IL-2 ุจูŠูุฑุฒ ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
2400
+
2401
+ 601
2402
+ 00:49:19,590 --> 00:49:26,410
2403
+ T lymphocyte ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† T lymphocyte ููŠ ุบูŠุงุจ ุงู„
2404
+
2405
+ 602
2406
+ 00:49:26,410 --> 00:49:31,830
2407
+ antigen ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู‚ุฏูŠ ุงู„ autocrine stimulation
2408
+
2409
+ 603
2410
+ 00:49:38,860 --> 00:49:43,300
2411
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ุขุฎุฑ ู†ูŠูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุจูŠ ุณูŠู„ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ูŠู†ุชุฌ
2412
+
2413
+ 604
2414
+ 00:49:43,300 --> 00:49:49,680
2415
+ ุณูƒุณ ู…ุซุงู„ ุขุฎุฑ ู‡ูˆุฏุฌูƒูŠู† ุฏูŠุฒูŠุฒ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุนูŠุงู„
2416
+
2417
+ 605
2418
+ 00:49:49,680 --> 00:49:58,440
2419
+ ููˆุงูŠู ุชู†ุชุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ auto immunity ูˆ ุงู„ disease ุงู„
2420
+
2421
+ 606
2422
+ 00:49:58,440 --> 00:50:00,480
2423
+ ุชูŠุฑูŠู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช
2424
+
2425
+ 607
2426
+ 00:50:02,980 --> 00:50:10,680
2427
+ ุฃุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ุงู„ุชุญูƒู…ูŠ ู„ุฌูŠู„ุงุช ูˆุฌูŠู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠูˆุจูŠุง
2428
+
2429
+ 608
2430
+ 00:50:10,680 --> 00:50:16,500
2431
+ ูˆุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠูˆุจูŠุง.ุดูˆ
2432
+
2433
+ 609
2434
+ 00:50:16,500 --> 00:50:23,760
2435
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุจุณุจุจ ุญุฑูƒุฉ T-Hilbert-Cell.
2436
+
2437
+ 610
2438
+ 00:50:28,980 --> 00:50:35,360
2439
+ activation of T-Helper subset cell
2440
+
2441
+ 611
2442
+ 00:50:35,360 --> 00:50:39,740
2443
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูุฑุฒ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง IL
2444
+
2445
+ 612
2446
+ 00:50:39,740 --> 00:50:47,900
2447
+ -10 ูˆ Gamma Interferon ูˆ IL-4 ูˆ several cytokine
2448
+
2449
+ 613
2450
+ 00:50:47,900 --> 00:50:53,960
2451
+ and cytokine receptor abnormality ุณุฌู„ุช are
2452
+
2453
+ 614
2454
+ 00:50:53,960 --> 00:50:59,310
2455
+ associated with autosystemic autoimmune diseaseุฒูŠ
2456
+
2457
+ 615
2458
+ 00:50:59,310 --> 00:51:02,570
2459
+ ุงู„ู€ SLE ูˆุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ autoimmune disease ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุฌูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง
2460
+
2461
+ 616
2462
+ 00:51:02,570 --> 00:51:07,090
2463
+ ุนูŠุงู„ุชูŠู† ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุฃูŠุถุง ุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ
2464
+
2465
+ 617
2466
+ 00:51:07,090 --> 00:51:10,610
2467
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ pathophysiology ูˆุบุฐุฑ immune based
2468
+
2469
+ 618
2470
+ 00:51:10,610 --> 00:51:14,190
2471
+ disease ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃู„ุฑุฌูŠ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ูˆinflammatory
2472
+
2473
+ 619
2474
+ 00:51:14,190 --> 00:51:16,030
2475
+ disease ุฒูŠ ุงู„ rheumatoid arthritis
2476
+
2477
+ 620
2478
+ 00:51:21,420 --> 00:51:26,140
2479
+ Therapeutic and diagnostic exploitation of
2480
+
2481
+ 621
2482
+ 00:51:26,140 --> 00:51:31,040
2483
+ cytokine and cytokine receptor ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชูุงุฏุฉ
2484
+
2485
+ 622
2486
+ 00:51:31,040 --> 00:51:36,880
2487
+ ูˆุชุณุฎูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌุงุช ุชุณุฎูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ cytokine ูˆ ุงู„
2488
+
2489
+ 623
2490
+ 00:51:36,880 --> 00:51:40,460
2491
+ cytokine receptor ููŠ ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุนู„ุงุฌูŠุฉ cytokine
2492
+
2493
+ 624
2494
+ 00:51:40,460 --> 00:51:44,140
2495
+ inhibitor ุงูˆ antagonist ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนู…ู„
2496
+
2497
+ 625
2498
+ 00:51:44,140 --> 00:51:49,300
2499
+ ูˆู‚ู ุนู„ู‰ ุจุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ cytokine circulating soluble
2500
+
2501
+ 626
2502
+ 00:51:49,300 --> 00:51:50,340
2503
+ cytokine receptor
2504
+
2505
+ 627
2506
+ 00:52:00,900 --> 00:52:04,640
2507
+ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑุงู„ูŠุฒูŠุดู† ู„ู„ุงูƒุชููŠุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
2508
+
2509
+ 628
2510
+ 00:52:04,640 --> 00:52:10,640
2511
+ cytokine ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฑูŠุณูŠุจุชูˆุฑ ู†ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชูˆู‚ูŠู ู„ู†ุดุงุท ู‡ุฐุง
2512
+
2513
+ 629
2514
+ 00:52:10,640 --> 00:52:14,660
2515
+ ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2516
+
2517
+ 630
2518
+ 00:52:14,660 --> 00:52:18,380
2519
+ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุจุงู„ุฑูŠุณูŠุจุชูˆุฑ ุชุจุนู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
2520
+
2521
+ 631
2522
+ 00:52:18,380 --> 00:52:23,370
2523
+ process specificูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ neutralization ุฅู…ุง ู„ู„ู€
2524
+
2525
+ 632
2526
+ 00:52:23,370 --> 00:52:27,150
2527
+ cytokine ูˆุฅู…ุง ู„ู„ู€ receptor ู…ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ูˆู‚ู ุฑู‚ูŠุด
2528
+
2529
+ 633
2530
+ 00:52:27,150 --> 00:52:32,450
2531
+ ุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ cytokine ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ these inhibitors
2532
+
2533
+ 634
2534
+ 00:52:32,450 --> 00:52:35,870
2535
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2536
+
2537
+ 635
2538
+ 00:52:35,870 --> 00:52:41,440
2539
+ ุชุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€Ial-2ุŒ Ial-4ุŒ Ial-6ุŒ Ial-7ุŒ Gamma
2540
+
2541
+ 636
2542
+ 00:52:41,440 --> 00:52:45,360
2543
+ Interferon ูˆTumor Necrosis Factor.Tumor Necrosis
2544
+
2545
+ 637
2546
+ 00:52:45,360 --> 00:52:49,640
2547
+ Factor Inhibitor ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
2548
+
2549
+ 638
2550
+ 00:52:49,640 --> 00:52:55,280
2551
+ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุฑูˆู…ุงุชูˆูŠุฏ ุฃุฑุซุฑุงุชูŠุฒ ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุฑูˆู…ุงุชูˆูŠุฏ ุฃุฑุซุฑุงุชูŠุฒ ููŠ
2552
+
2553
+ 639
2554
+ 00:52:55,280 --> 00:52:57,740
2555
+ increase level of tumor necrosis factor Ial-1
2556
+
2557
+ 640
2558
+ 00:52:57,740 --> 00:53:04,640
2559
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ joints Ial-1 Receptor Antagonist ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2560
+
2561
+ 641
2562
+ 00:53:04,640 --> 00:53:09,330
2563
+ ู‡ูˆุงู„ู€ Antagonist ู„ู„ู€ IL-1 ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ IL-1
2564
+
2565
+ 642
2566
+ 00:53:09,330 --> 00:53:13,770
2567
+ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ TCD4T-Lymphocyte
2568
+
2569
+ 643
2570
+ 00:53:13,770 --> 00:53:19,110
2571
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑู†ุน ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ู€ IL-1 ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด
2572
+
2573
+ 644
2574
+ 00:53:19,110 --> 00:53:27,890
2575
+ activation IL-1 Receptor Antagonist ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ IL-1RA
2576
+
2577
+ 645
2578
+ 00:53:27,890 --> 00:53:34,750
2579
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ Receptor AntagonistุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุนู„ุงุฌ chronic
2580
+
2581
+ 646
2582
+ 00:53:34,750 --> 00:53:40,090
2583
+ inflammatory diseases ุงูŠุถุง we can ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„
2584
+
2585
+ 647
2586
+ 00:53:40,090 --> 00:53:43,770
2587
+ inhibitor ูƒุนู„ุงุฌ
2588
+
2589
+ 648
2590
+ 00:53:43,770 --> 00:53:50,390
2591
+ ุงูŠุถุง we can reverse cellular deficiency ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ
2592
+
2593
+ 649
2594
+ 00:53:50,390 --> 00:53:53,290
2595
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ neutropenia ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูู†ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
2596
+
2597
+ 650
2598
+ 00:53:53,290 --> 00:53:58,120
2599
+ chemotherapyุจูƒูŠู ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง reversing ุจู†ุจุฏูŠ
2600
+
2601
+ 651
2602
+ 00:53:58,120 --> 00:54:04,400
2603
+ cytokine ุชุญูุธ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ air ู„ growth of ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
2604
+
2605
+ 652
2606
+ 00:54:04,400 --> 00:54:08,900
2607
+ neutrophil ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ chemotherapy
2608
+
2609
+ 653
2610
+ 00:54:08,900 --> 00:54:15,780
2611
+ ูˆูŠุฃู…ุซู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ GCSF ูˆ GMCSF ุงูŠุถุง ููŠ
2612
+
2613
+ 654
2614
+ 00:54:15,780 --> 00:54:20,760
2615
+ ุงู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชุบู„ุงู„ู‡ู… ููŠ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ immunodeficiency
2616
+
2617
+ 655
2618
+ 00:54:22,310 --> 00:54:24,950
2619
+ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ X-linked A-Gamma-Globulinemia
2620
+
2621
+ 656
2622
+ 00:54:24,950 --> 00:54:31,350
2623
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุนุงู„ุฌู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู€ G-CSF to reverse the
2624
+
2625
+ 657
2626
+ 00:54:31,350 --> 00:54:36,150
2627
+ neutropenia Gamma Interferon ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ severity
2628
+
2629
+ 658
2630
+ 00:54:36,150 --> 00:54:42,850
2631
+ of infection ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ non-oxidative
2632
+
2633
+ 659
2634
+ 00:54:42,850 --> 00:54:48,510
2635
+ antimicrobial activity ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง treatment of cancer
2636
+
2637
+ 660
2638
+ 00:54:48,510 --> 00:54:50,830
2639
+ and transplanting
2640
+
2641
+ 661
2642
+ 00:54:53,250 --> 00:54:57,630
2643
+ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ุงู†ูƒูŠุณูŠู„ ุฃูˆ
2644
+
2645
+ 662
2646
+ 00:54:57,630 --> 00:55:03,550
2647
+ ุชู„ูŠู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ููŠูˆุฒูˆุฏ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ IL-2 ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
2648
+
2649
+ 663
2650
+ 00:55:03,550 --> 00:55:08,790
2651
+ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุงู†ูƒุณูŠุณูŠู„ ุงู„ุงููƒุชูˆุฑูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง
2652
+
2653
+ 664
2654
+ 00:55:08,790 --> 00:55:09,290
2655
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2656
+
2657
+ 665
2658
+ 00:55:09,290 --> 00:55:12,390
2659
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2660
+
2661
+ 666
2662
+ 00:55:12,390 --> 00:55:13,550
2663
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2664
+
2665
+ 667
2666
+ 00:55:13,550 --> 00:55:15,070
2667
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2668
+
2669
+ 668
2670
+ 00:55:15,070 --> 00:55:15,070
2671
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2672
+
2673
+ 669
2674
+ 00:55:15,070 --> 00:55:16,030
2675
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุน
2676
+
2677
+ 670
2678
+ 00:55:16,340 --> 00:55:19,700
2679
+ as it enhances the expression ูˆุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€CGT2
2680
+
2681
+ 671
2682
+ 00:55:19,700 --> 00:55:23,740
2683
+ ู„ู„ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠุญุตู„ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุฃู†ูƒุณูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุงุท
2684
+
2685
+ 672
2686
+ 00:55:23,740 --> 00:55:28,280
2687
+ ุงู„ุชูƒุณูƒุชูŠูŠู†ููˆุณุงุช ูˆู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง culture ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ IL-2 ูุจุตูŠุฑ
2688
+
2689
+ 673
2690
+ 00:55:28,280 --> 00:55:34,420
2691
+ ููŠ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุงุนู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ
2692
+
2693
+ 674
2694
+ 00:55:34,420 --> 00:55:39,200
2695
+ these have potent antitumor activity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุจุนุง ูŠูˆู…
2696
+
2697
+ 675
2698
+ 00:55:39,200 --> 00:55:41,880
2699
+ ู…ุง ุชุชู†ุดุท ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ู„ู€Gamma Interferon ุนู„ู‰
2700
+
2701
+ 676
2702
+ 00:55:41,880 --> 00:55:46,100
2703
+ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูƒูŠู ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ุŸ
2704
+
2705
+ 677
2706
+ 00:55:48,470 --> 00:55:53,850
2707
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Killing of Tumor Cell ูƒูŠูุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„
2708
+
2709
+ 678
2710
+ 00:55:53,850 --> 00:55:57,210
2711
+ expression of MHC Class II ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ
2712
+
2713
+ 679
2714
+ 00:55:57,210 --> 00:56:02,730
2715
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุณุฑูŠู†ุฉ Cytokine Receptor Specific
2716
+
2717
+ 680
2718
+ 00:56:02,730 --> 00:56:08,270
2719
+ Antibody ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ antibody specific
2720
+
2721
+ 681
2722
+ 00:56:08,270 --> 00:56:12,130
2723
+ ู„cytokine receptor ู…ุนูŠู†
2724
+
2725
+ 682
2726
+ 00:56:19,480 --> 00:56:25,940
2727
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู† ู‚ุถู„ T cell leukemia lymphoma ATLL
2728
+
2729
+ 683
2730
+ 00:56:25,940 --> 00:56:31,960
2731
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠูƒุณ ุงู„ ุงูƒุณุจูŠุณ ุงูŠุงู„ุชูˆ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ Alpha Chain
2732
+
2733
+ 684
2734
+ 00:56:31,960 --> 00:56:39,100
2735
+ ุจูˆ CD25 ูุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ุงู„ entity Anti CD25
2736
+
2737
+ 685
2738
+ 00:56:39,100 --> 00:56:45,720
2739
+ Antibodyุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ Anti-Tag Antibody ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
2740
+
2741
+ 686
2742
+ 00:56:45,720 --> 00:56:51,860
2743
+ That induce response in one third of the patient
2744
+
2745
+ 687
2746
+ 00:56:51,860 --> 00:56:56,260
2747
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฃุซุจุชุช ุฌุฏุงุฑุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุชู„ุช ุญุงู„ุงุช .. ุชู„ุช
2748
+
2749
+ 688
2750
+ 00:56:56,260 --> 00:57:04,800
2751
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉAnti-T Anti-CD25 Therapy ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
2752
+
2753
+ 689
2754
+ 00:57:04,800 --> 00:57:08,540
2755
+ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… as part of regimen of immunosuppressive
2756
+
2757
+ 690
2758
+ 00:57:08,540 --> 00:57:12,620
2759
+ therapy ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ transplanted patient
2760
+
2761
+ 691
2762
+ 00:57:12,620 --> 00:57:19,260
2763
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ูƒู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุซุจูŠุช ุงู„
2764
+
2765
+ 692
2766
+ 00:57:19,260 --> 00:57:26,480
2767
+ Allograft ุฃูˆ ุงู„ transplant rejection Treatment
2768
+
2769
+ 693
2770
+ 00:57:26,480 --> 00:57:32,670
2771
+ of allergy and asthmaุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจุนู…ู„ ุงู†ุฌูŠูƒุดู† ู„ IL-4 ุดูˆ
2772
+
2773
+ 694
2774
+ 00:57:32,670 --> 00:57:39,150
2775
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ IL-4ุŸ ุจุชูˆุนู‡ุง ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ class switching ู„ู€ B
2776
+
2777
+ 695
2778
+ 00:57:39,150 --> 00:57:44,810
2779
+ lymphocytes ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2780
+
2781
+ 696
2782
+ 00:57:44,810 --> 00:57:50,110
2783
+ ู…ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ RIG ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ IGE ู„ู„ IGG
2784
+
2785
+ 697
2786
+ 00:57:52,720 --> 00:57:56,360
2787
+ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู€ IL-4 ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท
2788
+
2789
+ 698
2790
+ 00:57:56,360 --> 00:58:02,100
2791
+ ุงู„ู€ IL-4 ุงู„ู€ cytokine ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุชุจุนู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ุง
2792
+
2793
+ 699
2794
+ 00:58:02,100 --> 00:58:09,260
2795
+ ู†ู†ุณู‰ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ 17 ุชูŠ ุณูŠู„ ูˆ IL-17 ุงู„ู€ cytokine family
2796
+
2797
+ 700
2798
+ 00:58:09,260 --> 00:58:17,800
2799
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ filling the gap ูƒูŠูุŸ
2800
+
2801
+ 701
2802
+ 00:58:17,800 --> 00:58:24,850
2803
+ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุงุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ู… ุฅุณุชุนู…ุงู„ ุฅุฌุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅูŠู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ. ู…ุง
2804
+
2805
+ 702
2806
+ 00:58:24,850 --> 00:58:27,870
2807
+ ูŠูุนู„ IL-17ุŸ ุฌุงู„ู‡ Stimulate Demobilization and
2808
+
2809
+ 703
2810
+ 00:58:27,870 --> 00:58:31,590
2811
+ Generation of Neutrophil. ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŒ ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง ุจุฅุนุงุฏุฉ
2812
+
2813
+ 704
2814
+ 00:58:31,590 --> 00:58:34,810
2815
+ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅูŠู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฅุฌุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ
2816
+
2817
+ 705
2818
+ 00:58:34,810 --> 00:58:44,230
2819
+ ุงู„ุฅูŠู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ. IL-17 ูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅูŠู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ
2820
+
2821
+ 706
2822
+ 00:58:44,230 --> 00:58:44,650
2823
+ ูˆุงู„ุฅุฌุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅูŠู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ.
2824
+
2825
+ 707
2826
+ 00:58:49,190 --> 00:58:53,070
2827
+ ุงู„ู€ innate ูˆุงู„ู€ adaptive immune responses ุงูŠุถุง ุงู„ู€
2828
+
2829
+ 708
2830
+ 00:58:53,070 --> 00:58:57,210
2831
+ Tlbar-17 ุจุชู…ุซู„
2832
+
2833
+ 709
2834
+ 00:58:57,210 --> 00:59:04,310
2835
+ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุน ุงู„ู€ adaptive immune response ูˆุจุชู…ุซู„
2836
+
2837
+ 710
2838
+ 00:59:04,310 --> 00:59:07,970
2839
+ ุทุจุนุง ุฐุฑุงุน ู‚ูˆูŠ in protection against extracellular
2840
+
2841
+ 711
2842
+ 00:59:07,970 --> 00:59:16,480
2843
+ bacteria and some fungi ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุนุถุงู„ุจุฑูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃูˆ
2844
+
2845
+ 712
2846
+ 00:59:16,480 --> 00:59:22,380
2847
+ ุงู„ูู†ุฌุงูŠุง ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุบุทูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุงู†ูˆุชูŠุง ุงู„ุจุฑุชูˆู…ุง IL-17
2848
+
2849
+ 713
2850
+ 00:59:22,380 --> 00:59:28,420
2851
+ ุชุฏูุน ุชุญุฑูŠูƒ ุงู„ุชุญุฑูŠูƒ ูˆุงู„ุชุญุฑูŠูƒ ุงู„ู†ูˆุชุฑูˆููŠู„ ู†ูˆุชุฑูˆููŠู„
2852
+
2853
+ 714
2854
+ 00:59:28,420 --> 00:59:33,400
2855
+ ู†ูˆุชุฑูˆููŠู„ ู†ูˆุชุฑูˆููŠู„ ู†ูˆุชุฑูˆููŠู„ ู†ูˆุชุฑูˆููŠู„ ู†ูˆุชุฑูˆููŠู„
2856
+
2857
+ 715
2858
+ 00:59:33,400 --> 00:59:38,680
2859
+ ู†ูˆุชุฑูˆููŠู„
2860
+
2861
+ 716
2862
+ 00:59:47,940 --> 00:59:58,540
2863
+ ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ K-Mediator ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ู€ IL-17
2864
+
2865
+ 717
2866
+ 00:59:58,540 --> 01:00:01,720
2867
+ ู…ุฏูŠุฑ
2868
+
2869
+ 718
2870
+ 01:00:01,720 --> 01:00:09,760
2871
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Auto-inflammatory cytokine ูˆุทุจุนุง
2872
+
2873
+ 719
2874
+ 01:00:09,760 --> 01:00:17,350
2875
+ ู‡ู†ุงุจูŠุจูŠู† ู„ู†ุง ุฏูˆุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
2876
+
2877
+ 720
2878
+ 01:00:17,350 --> 01:00:25,490
2879
+ neutrophil to induce its action ุทุจุนุง
2880
+
2881
+ 721
2882
+ 01:00:25,490 --> 01:00:29,470
2883
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ู€ phagocytosis ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง
2884
+
2885
+ 722
2886
+ 01:00:29,470 --> 01:00:34,530
2887
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† blood endothelial cells ุจุชุจุทู†
2888
+
2889
+ 723
2890
+ 01:00:34,530 --> 01:00:38,170
2891
+ ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ูˆุนูŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ู€ neutrophil
2892
+
2893
+ 724
2894
+ 01:00:38,170 --> 01:00:44,270
2895
+ is rolling ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ endothelial cells once
2896
+
2897
+ 725
2898
+ 01:00:44,270 --> 01:00:52,480
2899
+ activated ูƒู…ุงู„ ูŠุงุฏูŠุฑุงู†ุณุฃูˆู„ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
2900
+
2901
+ 726
2902
+ 01:00:52,480 --> 01:00:56,840
2903
+ ุงู„ู€ phagocytosis ุซู… ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ adherence with
2904
+
2905
+ 727
2906
+ 01:00:56,840 --> 01:01:00,040
2907
+ adhesion molecule ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ endothelial cell
2908
+
2909
+ 728
2910
+ 01:01:00,040 --> 01:01:03,260
2911
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ activation ู„ู„ endothelial cell ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
2912
+
2913
+ 729
2914
+ 01:01:03,260 --> 01:01:08,040
2915
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชุจุงุนุฏ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูุจุชุนู…ู„ Trans
2916
+
2917
+ 730
2918
+ 01:01:08,040 --> 01:01:12,000
2919
+ endothelial migration ุจุชุนู…ู„ Diabeteses ู‡ุฐู‡
2920
+
2921
+ 731
2922
+ 01:01:12,000 --> 01:01:17,940
2923
+ ุงู„ู†ูŠุชุฑุงููŠู„ ูˆุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุทู„ุนุช ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ endothelial to
2924
+
2925
+ 732
2926
+ 01:01:17,940 --> 01:01:23,030
2927
+ the tissueูŠุนู†ูŠ Migration of Neutrophil ุซู… ุจุชุชุจุน
2928
+
2929
+ 733
2930
+ 01:01:23,030 --> 01:01:27,890
2931
+ ุงู„ู€ Chemotactic Factor Concentration Gradient ุฏู‡
2932
+
2933
+ 734
2934
+ 01:01:27,890 --> 01:01:34,210
2935
+ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ILA ูˆ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง
2936
+
2937
+ 735
2938
+ 01:01:34,210 --> 01:01:36,910
2939
+ ุชุตู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ Antigen
2940
+
2941
+ 736
2942
+ 01:01:39,770 --> 01:01:45,390
2943
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุขุฎุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Receptors ุจูŠุจูŠู† ู„ู†ุง ุงุฑุชุจุงุท
2944
+
2945
+ 737
2946
+ 01:01:45,390 --> 01:01:50,370
2947
+ ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุจุงู„ู€ Receptors with the affinity of
2948
+
2949
+ 738
2950
+ 01:01:50,370 --> 01:01:54,510
2951
+ cytokine receptor binding ุทุจุนุง ุญุณุจ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู€
2952
+
2953
+ 739
2954
+ 01:01:54,510 --> 01:01:58,490
2955
+ cytokine ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† double-chain ุฃูˆ triple-chain ุทุจุนุง
2956
+
2957
+ 740
2958
+ 01:01:58,490 --> 01:02:03,690
2959
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ double-chain ุจูŠูƒูˆู† affinity of bindingู…ู† ุงู„
2960
+
2961
+ 741
2962
+ 01:02:03,690 --> 01:02:07,710
2963
+ triple chain ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ุง intermediate affinity and high
2964
+
2965
+ 742
2966
+ 01:02:07,710 --> 01:02:11,770
2967
+ affinity ู„ุงู†ู‡ุง ุนูŠุด ู„ุงู†ู‡ุง triple chain ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง
2968
+
2969
+ 743
2970
+ 01:02:11,770 --> 01:02:18,970
2971
+ ูู‚ุท ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ affinity or binding ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุนุดุฑุฉ
2972
+
2973
+ 744
2974
+ 01:02:18,970 --> 01:02:24,130
2975
+ ู‚ูˆุฉ minus ุชุณุนุฉ ุงู†ุง ุตุงุฑุช ุนุดุฑุฉ ู‚ูˆุฉ minus eleven ู„ุงู†
2976
+
2977
+ 745
2978
+ 01:02:24,130 --> 01:02:30,650
2979
+ ุงุชู†ุดุท ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ anky cell restingor resting
2980
+
2981
+ 746
2982
+ 01:02:30,650 --> 01:02:36,510
2983
+ T lymphocytes ุฃู†ุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ activation ู„ T
2984
+
2985
+ 747
2986
+ 01:02:36,510 --> 01:02:46,050
2987
+ lymphocytes ุจู‡ูƒ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
2988
+
2989
+ 748
2990
+ 01:02:46,050 --> 01:02:55,050
2991
+ ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ general view ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ
2992
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYQ8nzyth9nyErvTJtUFKlo/LIZ6qHppDBc_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2940 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:01,970 --> 00:00:06,570
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:06,570 --> 00:00:10,790
7
+ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุจุนู†ูˆุงู†
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:10,790 --> 00:00:16,750
11
+ transplantation what's going on what are the
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:16,750 --> 00:00:26,250
15
+ mechanisms involved what are the new mechanisms
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:26,250 --> 00:00:31,590
19
+ involved in rejectionู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ application of
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:31,590 --> 00:00:34,230
23
+ transplantation ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ hemopoietic stem cell
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:34,230 --> 00:00:39,050
27
+ transplantation ูˆู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช medical terms
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:39,050 --> 00:00:44,230
31
+ associated with transplantation ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:44,230 --> 00:00:47,490
35
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ tissue ูˆ ุงู„ organs of the body
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:47,490 --> 00:00:52,950
39
+ ุฃู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุฃูŠุถุง ููŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ white blood cell ุงู„ MHC
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:52,950 --> 00:00:57,950
43
+ ุฃู†ุชุฌูŠู† these antigens are highly polymorphic among
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:57,950 --> 00:01:01,890
47
+ the populationูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŒ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจูŠู† ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ูˆู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:01,890 --> 00:01:02,830
51
+ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ูˆู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:02,830 --> 00:01:03,150
55
+ ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:03,150 --> 00:01:07,650
59
+ ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:07,650 --> 00:01:09,770
63
+ ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:09,770 --> 00:01:10,530
67
+ ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:10,530 --> 00:01:14,110
71
+ ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:14,110 --> 00:01:17,870
75
+ ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:17,870 --> 00:01:22,750
79
+ ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุณุชุฎ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:23,190 --> 00:01:28,590
83
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ transplantation more common
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:28,590 --> 00:01:31,610
87
+ place ูŠุนู†ูŠ very common place ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู† ุตุงุฑุช ููŠ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:31,610 --> 00:01:38,330
91
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ transplantation are common as possible
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:38,330 --> 00:01:43,010
95
+ ุงู„ููŠุฌูˆุฑ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:43,010 --> 00:01:46,470
99
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจูŠู† ุงู† ุงู„ relationship between donor
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:46,470 --> 00:01:47,190
103
+ and recipient
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:52,350 --> 00:01:56,990
107
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ graft ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:01:56,990 --> 00:02:02,630
111
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† autograft ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุงุฎุฏ ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ููŠ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:02,630 --> 00:02:08,790
115
+ ุฌุณู…ู‡ ู„ุฌุณู…ู‡ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุขุฎุฑ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ุงุชู‡ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑูˆู‚
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:08,790 --> 00:02:14,810
119
+ ูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ autograft ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:14,810 --> 00:02:20,110
123
+ autograft ูŠุนู†ูŠ is not rejected it's takenุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:20,110 --> 00:02:29,490
127
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ drafting ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู† individual ุงูˆ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:29,490 --> 00:02:33,250
131
+ identical twins they have ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† the
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:33,250 --> 00:02:39,310
135
+ same MSC molecule ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงูŠุถุง ุงู„ graft is not
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:39,310 --> 00:02:43,880
139
+ rejected between these individualู‡ูˆ ุชุงู„ุช ู…ู†
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:43,880 --> 00:02:48,700
143
+ ุงู„ู€Grafting ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€Grafting ุจูŠู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู†
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:48,700 --> 00:02:53,300
147
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ MSC
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:53,300 --> 00:02:57,140
151
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู‡ุฐุง A ูˆู‡ุฐุง B ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุณู…ูˆู† ุงู„ู€Graft ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:57,140 --> 00:03:03,580
155
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ Allograft ูˆุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ุงู„ู€Rejection ุฃูˆ ุจูŠู†
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:03,580 --> 00:03:09,710
159
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:09,710 --> 00:03:14,830
163
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฌู†ุจ and this is called xenograft and
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:14,830 --> 00:03:19,870
167
+ it's also they have different antigenic molecule
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:19,870 --> 00:03:26,230
171
+ ู‡ูŠ MCX ูˆ MCA ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ the graft is also it's
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:26,230 --> 00:03:30,590
175
+ called xenograft and rejected ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:30,590 --> 00:03:36,090
179
+ grafting ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ autograft graft of transplant from
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:36,090 --> 00:03:39,450
183
+ one area to another of the same individualุฒูŠ ู…ุง
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:39,450 --> 00:03:47,550
187
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ูƒูˆุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุญุฑูˆู‚ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ on the
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:47,550 --> 00:03:52,330
191
+ same individual ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ graft ูŠุชุงุฎุฏ ูˆุงู† ุงู„ graft
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:52,330 --> 00:03:56,770
195
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑ as autologous graft or self
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:56,770 --> 00:04:01,210
199
+ and the immune response will not induced against
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:01,210 --> 00:04:04,850
203
+ itุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ isograft ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจูŠู†
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:04,850 --> 00:04:12,430
207
+ between isogenic or genetically identical twins
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:12,430 --> 00:04:20,130
211
+ or individual ูˆ it's also not rejected ุงุนุชุจุฑู‡ุง
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:20,130 --> 00:04:27,440
215
+ homozygoticor identical at once ูˆู‡ูŠ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:27,440 --> 00:04:34,180
219
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ the graft is described as histocompatible
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:34,180 --> 00:04:39,800
223
+ graft and individual ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ allograft
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:39,800 --> 00:04:41,920
227
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ between different individual of the same
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:41,920 --> 00:04:46,100
231
+ species they have different MSC molecule because
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:46,100 --> 00:04:50,320
235
+ of the MSC is polymorphic among individual ุทุจุนุง ููŠ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:50,320 --> 00:04:51,340
239
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:58,680 --> 00:05:14,740
243
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑุงุช
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:14,740 --> 00:05:19,340
247
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑุงุช
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:19,340 --> 00:05:20,060
251
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑุงุช
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:20,060 --> 00:05:20,080
255
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑุงุช
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:20,080 --> 00:05:20,100
259
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑุงุช
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:20,100 --> 00:05:20,420
263
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุงู†
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:24,520 --> 00:05:27,780
267
+ ุงู„ุฃู„ูˆุบุฑุงูุช ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ is rejected within the first two
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:27,780 --> 00:05:33,000
271
+ weeks ูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ first set rejection ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:33,000 --> 00:05:38,400
275
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง second set rejection ุจุชุดูŠุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุณุชุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู…ุงู†
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:38,400 --> 00:05:43,620
279
+ ุฃูŠุงู… ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† due to specific immunological
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:43,620 --> 00:05:47,360
283
+ memory cell for the antigen expressed by the graft
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:47,360 --> 00:05:51,460
287
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดุงูุช ุงู„ antigen ุฌุงู…ู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆ ุงุชู†ุดุทุช ุฃูˆ ุฑุณู„ุช
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:51,460 --> 00:05:54,910
291
+ ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ immune responseูˆุชูˆู„ุฏ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ immune response
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:54,910 --> 00:06:00,170
295
+ memory cell ู„ู…ุง ุนู…ู„ู†ุง drafting ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:00,170 --> 00:06:06,890
299
+ memory cell well rejected CD4 T cell play crucial
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:06,890 --> 00:06:10,770
303
+ role in rejection ููŠู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ this can be
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:10,770 --> 00:06:15,030
307
+ proved by transferring these cells ูƒูŠ ุจู†ุฃูƒุฏ ุฃู† CD4
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:15,030 --> 00:06:19,100
311
+ T cell ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุนู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:19,100 --> 00:06:28,360
315
+ ูˆ ุญู‚ู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุญู‚ู†ู‡ุง ููŠ identical twins or
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:28,360 --> 00:06:33,340
319
+ syngenic recipient ูˆุจุนุฏ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงุฌูŠู†ุง ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ู„ู‡
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:33,340 --> 00:06:39,260
323
+ grafting as the same graft ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† ู…ุนู…ูˆู„ ููŠ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:39,260 --> 00:06:44,220
327
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ rejection ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:44,220 --> 00:06:48,430
331
+ rejection second recipient alsowith the same ุชู‚ุงู„
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:48,430 --> 00:06:54,130
335
+ ู„ู‡ graft ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ second rejection ุงูˆ set rejection
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:54,130 --> 00:06:57,110
339
+ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ second set ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ rejection
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:57,110 --> 00:07:02,910
343
+ earlier than the first rejection ุงุนูŠุฏู‡ุง ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุฉ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:02,910 --> 00:07:08,370
347
+ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงูŠุด rejection first set
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:08,370 --> 00:07:15,490
351
+ rejection ุจุนุฏ ุฃุณุจูˆุนูŠู† ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ู†ุดุงุท ู„ู„ CD4CD4 ู‡ูŠ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:15,490 --> 00:07:20,490
355
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ูƒูŠู ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู†ู‡ CD4 ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:20,490 --> 00:07:26,670
359
+ ูˆ ุฃุญู‚ู†ู‡ุง ููŠ single individual ูŠุนู†ูŠ identical twins
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:26,670 --> 00:07:34,430
363
+ ูˆ ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ู†ุญู‚ู†ู‡ุง ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ุงุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ twins ู‡ุฐุง
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:34,430 --> 00:07:38,730
367
+ ุงุฏูŠู†ุงู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ CD4 ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ู„ู‡ drafting from the same
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:38,730 --> 00:07:42,850
371
+ draft ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ second
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:42,850 --> 00:07:48,990
375
+ seed rejection ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ individual ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุทุจุนุง ู„ุงู† ุงู„
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:48,990 --> 00:07:52,990
379
+ CD4 ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:52,990 --> 00:07:58,370
383
+ secondary immune response ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† easier ูˆfaster
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:58,370 --> 00:08:04,350
387
+ ูˆู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ rejection ุงูƒุชุฑ ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:04,350 --> 00:08:11,090
391
+ ุงุชู†ุดุทุช ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ุช ุงู„ rejectionุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:11,090 --> 00:08:15,270
395
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃู† ูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชุดูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑุงุช
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:15,270 --> 00:08:19,890
399
+ ุงู„ุชุดูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชุดูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑุงุช
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:19,890 --> 00:08:32,890
403
+ ุงู„ุชุดูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชุดูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑุงุช
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:32,890 --> 00:08:36,490
407
+ ุงู„ุชุดูˆูŠุฉูˆ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู† ููŠ ุฏูŠ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:36,490 --> 00:08:42,130
411
+ ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุชูŠุจ hypersensitivity of OCD4 ูˆ OCD8 ุงุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ูˆ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:42,130 --> 00:08:46,330
415
+ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุงู„ rejection
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:50,240 --> 00:08:54,580
419
+ animal that lack T lymphocyte ู‡ุฐุง ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุขุฎุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:54,580 --> 00:08:58,540
423
+ ุชูŠุณู„ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู…ุด T lymphocyte
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:58,540 --> 00:09:02,560
427
+ will not reject allograft or even xenograft
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:02,560 --> 00:09:08,000
431
+ process of rejection slow down ูˆู‚ุช ุฅูŠุด ุฌุงู„ูˆุง ุฅุฐุง
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:08,000 --> 00:09:10,880
435
+ ูƒุงู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ suppressive drug
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:13,680 --> 00:09:16,620
439
+ Category of allograft rejection ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชู„ุช
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:16,620 --> 00:09:19,860
443
+ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ rejection hyper acute ูˆ acute ูˆ ุฃู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:19,860 --> 00:09:23,820
447
+ ูˆ chronic ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ hyper acute ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:23,820 --> 00:09:27,680
451
+ it occurs within few minutes to few hours of
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:27,680 --> 00:09:33,120
455
+ transplantation ูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู†ู‡ transplanted is
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:33,120 --> 00:09:37,420
459
+ distracted by pair formed antibody ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ to
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:37,420 --> 00:09:40,980
463
+ incompatible MSC antigen ููŠ already ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:40,980 --> 00:09:46,880
467
+ antibody ุฌุงู‡ุฒุฉู…ู† ุงูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุถุฏ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:46,880 --> 00:09:50,960
471
+ ุงู„ุงูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู…ุดูŠ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุฎู„ from the donor or
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:50,960 --> 00:09:53,560
475
+ even sometime to carbohydrate expressed on
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:53,560 --> 00:09:57,920
479
+ transplanted tissue ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงูŠุด
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:57,920 --> 00:10:02,500
483
+ rejection ุทุจุนุง ุงู† ุงู„ antibody ู‡ุฐูŠ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ูŠุงู„ูˆ it can
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:02,500 --> 00:10:06,400
487
+ be present from or results from previous
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:06,400 --> 00:10:11,350
491
+ transplantation ุงูˆ blood transfusionOr Multiple
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:11,350 --> 00:10:16,190
495
+ Pregnancy ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† Antibody For
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:16,190 --> 00:10:18,790
499
+ Foreign Antigen ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Multiple
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:18,790 --> 00:10:26,130
503
+ Antibody ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุณุช ุงู„ุญุงู…ู„ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ู„ู‡ุง
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:26,130 --> 00:10:30,090
507
+ transplantation ุชุนู…ู„ rejection ุทุจ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:30,090 --> 00:10:33,170
511
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุจุงุฏูŠ ุงู†ุชุจุงุฏูŠ are called cytotoxic antibody
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:33,170 --> 00:10:37,050
515
+ and that can activate complement ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุทุฑุญ ูˆู…ุด ุจุณ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:37,050 --> 00:10:40,760
519
+ ุชุนู…ู„ platelet activation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฌู„ุทุฉูˆ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:40,760 --> 00:10:44,320
523
+ Interstitial Hemorrhage in transplanted tissue
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:44,320 --> 00:10:49,520
527
+ which decreased blood flow in it ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:49,520 --> 00:10:52,660
531
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฌู„ุทุฉ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุฌู„ุทุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชูุญู‚ ูˆุจุชุตูŠุฑ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:52,660 --> 00:10:58,420
535
+ ู†ุฒูŠุฑ ูˆุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ distraction ู„ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ู„
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:58,420 --> 00:11:04,640
539
+ transplanted tissue ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุชุฏุฑ ูƒู„ุงู… infraction or
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:04,640 --> 00:11:07,720
543
+ tissue damage ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ decrease in blood
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:07,720 --> 00:11:12,020
547
+ flow ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉูˆ ูƒู…ุง ุชุดุงู‡ุฏูˆู†ุŒ ุงู„ู€ Cell
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:12,020 --> 00:11:14,320
551
+ -mediated immunity ู„ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณ ู„ู‡ุง ุฃูŠ ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:14,320 --> 00:11:18,200
555
+ Hyperacute Rejection ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:18,200 --> 00:11:22,420
559
+ Antibody Sitotoxic Antibody Only Present to the
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:22,420 --> 00:11:28,340
563
+ transplanted tissue ุงู„ู€
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:28,340 --> 00:11:29,420
567
+ Acute Rejection
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:33,290 --> 00:11:37,410
571
+ ุชุญุฏุซ ููŠ ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‚ุจู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:37,410 --> 00:11:41,130
575
+ ุจุงู„ุชุฑุงู†ุณุจู„ุงู†ุช ู…ุง ุดุงูุด ุงู„ุชุฑุงู†ุณุจู„ุงู†ุช ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆ ุจุชุงู„ูŠ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:41,130 --> 00:11:44,950
579
+ ู‡ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุชูŠู„ูŠู†ููˆุณูŠูŠุช
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:44,950 --> 00:11:48,890
583
+ ุจุชุชู†ุดุท if the rejection is due to T cell
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:48,890 --> 00:11:53,210
587
+ activation ูˆ it can be activation either by direct
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:53,210 --> 00:11:57,230
591
+ recognition to the alloantigen or indirectly ู†ุญู†
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:57,230 --> 00:12:02,100
595
+ ุดูˆููˆุง transplant tissue is mismatchูˆุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:02,100 --> 00:12:03,120
599
+ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:03,120 --> 00:12:08,440
603
+ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:08,440 --> 00:12:11,160
607
+ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:11,160 --> 00:12:12,000
611
+ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:12,000 --> 00:12:12,280
615
+ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:12,280 --> 00:12:14,540
619
+ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚ุฑ ุงู†ุชู‚Cell-mediated
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:14,540 --> 00:12:17,900
623
+ immunities manifested by intense infiltration of
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:17,900 --> 00:12:21,600
627
+ lymphocyte and macrophage ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ cell
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:21,600 --> 00:12:24,580
631
+ -mediated immunity ุทุจุนุง ูู‡ู†ุง ู†ุดุท ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:12:24,580 --> 00:12:28,800
635
+ macrophage ู…ูŠู† ู†ุดุทู‡ุง ุงู„ T-lymphocytes ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุชู‚ุฏู…
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:28,800 --> 00:12:34,320
639
+ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ antigen and it can be recognized by T
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:34,320 --> 00:12:37,560
643
+ -lymphocytes easily ูŠูˆู… ูŠุชู‚ุฏู… by antigen
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:37,560 --> 00:12:44,610
647
+ presenting cell ูุจุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ macrophageูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชุตุจุญ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:44,610 --> 00:12:52,310
651
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ destruction ู„ุง ุชุดู‡ุฑ ูƒู…ุง ุชุดุงู‡ุฏูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฎูŠุฑุฉ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:12:52,310 --> 00:12:57,650
655
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠู†ูˆ ุณุงุจุฑุณุงู†ุชุฑุงุจูŠ ุฃูˆ ู…ูŠู†ูˆ ุณุงุจุฑุณุงู†ุชุฑุงุจูŠ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:57,650 --> 00:13:06,710
659
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุชุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:06,710 --> 00:13:09,790
663
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:09,790 --> 00:13:11,090
667
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:11,090 --> 00:13:15,600
671
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑุจุนุฏ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:15,600 --> 00:13:23,200
675
+ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ูˆ ู…ุฑุงุช ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ู„ุฅู†ุดุงุก
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:23,200 --> 00:13:25,520
679
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:13:25,520 --> 00:13:26,020
683
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:13:26,020 --> 00:13:29,640
687
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:13:29,640 --> 00:13:32,380
691
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:32,380 --> 00:13:42,120
695
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:42,270 --> 00:13:45,750
699
+ is characterized by slow progressive loss of
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:45,750 --> 00:13:49,070
703
+ function ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ infarct in the
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:49,070 --> 00:13:54,630
707
+ organ role
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:13:54,630 --> 00:13:57,750
711
+ of MRC molecule ุงู†ู‚ู„ ู„ู‡ graft reduction ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:57,750 --> 00:14:06,570
715
+ ู†ุชุนุฑู ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู…ุงุช ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุดูˆ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:06,570 --> 00:14:09,070
719
+ ุจูŠุจุตูŠุฑุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง transplantation
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:10,990 --> 00:14:16,150
723
+ ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงูˆ MHC ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง rejection ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:16,150 --> 00:14:21,090
727
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงุชู†ุดุท ูˆ ุงู„ MHC molecule has been
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:21,090 --> 00:14:27,910
731
+ recognized and these are cell surface proteins ูˆ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:27,910 --> 00:14:31,570
735
+ ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู† ูƒู„ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง MHC
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:14:31,570 --> 00:14:35,710
739
+ class ูˆุงุญุฏ molecule ุจูŠู†ู…ุง MHC class 2 ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:14:35,710 --> 00:14:39,140
743
+ ุงู„ professional antigen presenting cellูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:14:39,140 --> 00:14:43,260
747
+ ุงู„ู€ immune response is directed will be directed
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:14:43,260 --> 00:14:49,240
751
+ predominantly ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ MSG class 1 ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:14:49,240 --> 00:14:52,220
755
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:14:52,220 --> 00:15:01,230
759
+ grafted tissue ุงู„ูุฑู† MSG molecule activateุนุฏุฏ ู‡ุงุฆู„
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:01,230 --> 00:15:05,470
763
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ T lymphocyte clone ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Recipient ูˆูŠู‚ุฏุฑูˆุง
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:05,470 --> 00:15:10,190
767
+ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ู„ู€ 5% ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ T lymphocyte clone ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:10,190 --> 00:15:15,550
771
+ ููŠ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู€ Recipient ูˆ .. ุงู„ .. ุทุจุนุง ุงู„
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:15,550 --> 00:15:24,050
775
+ combination of non-self MSC molecule ู…ุน ุงู„ ..
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:24,050 --> 00:15:29,500
779
+ ุจูŠุจุชุงูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Antigenic peptideู‡ูŠุชูุงุนู„ูˆุง ู…ุน ุงู„ู€
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:29,500 --> 00:15:33,580
783
+ TCR expressed on many different T-cell clone
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:15:33,580 --> 00:15:39,460
787
+ ุจุชุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ู€ T-lymphocyte ูˆ ู‡ุชูุฑุฒู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:15:39,460 --> 00:15:44,800
791
+ cytotoxic ุฃูˆ ุงู„ certain cytokine can be secreted
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:15:44,800 --> 00:15:50,380
795
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ CD4 T-cell ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู†ุดุทู†ุง ุงู„ cytotoxic T
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:15:50,380 --> 00:15:56,220
799
+ -cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชู‡ุงุฌู… ุงู„ foreign tissue mechanism
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:15:58,600 --> 00:16:01,880
803
+ of recognition ุฌุงู„ู‡ ููŠู‡ุง two mechanism of
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:01,880 --> 00:16:06,000
807
+ recognition either direct or indirect ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:06,000 --> 00:16:09,480
811
+ recognition ุงู„ direct recognition ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:09,480 --> 00:16:10,660
815
+ recognition ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ recognition ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:10,660 --> 00:16:11,240
819
+ recognition ุงู„ direct recognition ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:11,240 --> 00:16:12,280
823
+ recognition ุงู„ direct recognition ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:12,280 --> 00:16:12,780
827
+ recognition ุงู„ direct recognition ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:16:12,780 --> 00:16:12,980
831
+ recognition ุงู„ direct recognition ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:16:12,980 --> 00:16:13,340
835
+ recognition ุงู„ direct recognition ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:16:13,340 --> 00:16:17,100
839
+ recognition ุงู„ direct recognition ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:16:17,100 --> 00:16:18,200
843
+ recognition ุงู„ direct recognition ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:16:18,200 --> 00:16:18,360
847
+ recognition ุงู„ direct recognition ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:16:18,360 --> 00:16:19,420
851
+ recognition ุงู„ direct recognition ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:16:19,420 --> 00:16:19,660
855
+ recognition ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ recognition ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:16:19,660 --> 00:16:24,540
859
+ recognition ุงู„ู„ูŠ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:16:25,460 --> 00:16:28,960
863
+ ูˆ ุงู„ donor cell ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูƒ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:16:28,960 --> 00:16:33,760
867
+ antigen presenting cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏุฎู„ุช ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:16:33,760 --> 00:16:40,340
871
+ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ุฃู…ุดูŠ ุบุฑูŠุจ ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุงุชุนุฑูุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง telephosite
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:16:40,340 --> 00:16:44,990
875
+ of the hostูˆ ุงุนุชุจุฑุชู‡ุง antigen presenting cell
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:16:44,990 --> 00:16:55,650
879
+ ูˆุชุนุฑูุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ foreign antigen ุงู„ indirect ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:16:55,650 --> 00:17:02,270
883
+ ุงู†ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:17:02,270 --> 00:17:05,270
887
+ ุงู†ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู†ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู†ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:17:05,270 --> 00:17:06,030
891
+ ุงู†ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู†ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู†ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:17:06,030 --> 00:17:06,050
895
+ ุงู†ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู†ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู†ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:17:06,050 --> 00:17:09,150
899
+ ุงู†ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู†ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู†ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู†
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:17:09,420 --> 00:17:16,040
903
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ host cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ host cell ุจุชุงุน ุงู„
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:17:16,040 --> 00:17:23,760
907
+ host ุจุชุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ donor antigen ูˆุจุชุงุฎุฏู‡ ูˆุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:17:23,760 --> 00:17:28,780
911
+ processing ูˆุจุชู‚ุฏู… ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ host cell ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุญุงู„ุชูŠู†
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:17:28,780 --> 00:17:33,680
915
+ direct ูˆ indirect ุงู„ direct donor cell ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณู‡ุง
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:17:33,680 --> 00:17:37,400
919
+ ุจุชุนุชุจุฑ ูƒ antigen presenting cell ุจุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ antigen
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:17:37,400 --> 00:17:41,710
923
+ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ hostุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Recipient T-Lymphocytes
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:17:41,710 --> 00:17:44,110
927
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Recognition Direct
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:17:44,110 --> 00:17:49,730
931
+ Recognition ูˆ Indirect ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ tissue The
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:17:49,730 --> 00:17:55,010
935
+ grafted tissue or donor derived cellular peptide
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:17:55,010 --> 00:17:59,910
939
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุงู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„peptide ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุจุชุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:17:59,910 --> 00:18:02,290
943
+ ู‡ูˆ host antigen presenting cell ุฃูˆ ุงู„ recipient
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:18:02,290 --> 00:18:08,190
947
+ ูˆุจุชู‚ุฏู…ู‡ุง ู„ู„ T-Lymphocyte ุชุญุช ุงู„ recipient ุฃูƒุชุฑูˆู‡ุฐู‡
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:18:08,190 --> 00:18:14,770
951
+ ู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุชูŠู† ุงูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ direct ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:18:14,770 --> 00:18:17,530
955
+ donor antigen presenting cell ู‚ุฏู…ุช ุงู„ antigen
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:18:17,530 --> 00:18:22,770
959
+ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ T lymphocyte ูˆููŠ ุงู„ indirect ู„ุฃ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:18:22,770 --> 00:18:26,090
963
+ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ recipient antigen presenting cell
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:18:26,090 --> 00:18:29,410
967
+ ุชุนุฑูุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ antigen ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ ูˆุนู…ู„ุช ู„ู‡ processing
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:18:29,410 --> 00:18:32,590
971
+ ูˆู‚ุฏู…ุชู‡ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ host cell
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:18:38,100 --> 00:18:44,600
975
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ุญุตู„ ุจุนุฏ ุงูƒุชูุงุด ุชู„ูŠู†ููˆุณูŠุช ู„ูŠู†ุฌ ูˆุงู„ุณุงูŠุชูˆูƒูŠู†
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:18:44,600 --> 00:18:49,000
979
+ ุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุงู„ูˆ ุฌุฑุงูุช ุฑูŠุฌูŠูƒุดู† ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงูƒุชูุงุด
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:18:49,000 --> 00:18:57,840
983
+ ุชุณูŠู„ ุจู†ุดุชู„ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Allo-specific CD4 ูˆ CD8-cell
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:18:57,840 --> 00:19:04,920
987
+ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุดุท ู‡ูˆ CD4 ูˆ CD8 ุชูŠู„ูŠู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ุงูˆู ุงู„ู„ูŠ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:19:04,920 --> 00:19:08,420
991
+ ู‡ูˆ Allo
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:19:15,430 --> 00:19:19,870
995
+ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนูŠู„ุฉ ูˆ interferon alpha ูˆ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:19:19,870 --> 00:19:24,690
999
+ beta ูˆ gamma ูˆ human necrosis factor alpha ูˆ beta
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:19:24,690 --> 00:19:31,200
1003
+ ูˆุดูˆููˆุง ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ุขู†ุฌุงู„ูˆ IL-2 ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:19:31,200 --> 00:19:34,620
1007
+ ุณุงูŠุชูˆ ูƒุงุฆู† ู…ู‡ู… in T-cell proliferation and
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:19:34,620 --> 00:19:38,180
1011
+ differentiation ู„ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุนู…ู„ differentiation ูˆ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:19:38,180 --> 00:19:41,920
1015
+ proliferation ู„ู€ cytotoxic ูˆ ู„ู€ T-Helper cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:19:41,920 --> 00:19:45,400
1019
+ ุจุชุชู†ุดุท T-Helper cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ cytotoxic T
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:19:45,400 --> 00:19:50,620
1023
+ -lymphocytes ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† delayed type
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:19:50,620 --> 00:19:53,580
1027
+ hypersensitivity reaction is associated with
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:19:53,580 --> 00:19:54,440
1031
+ allergic reaction
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:19:56,980 --> 00:20:01,480
1035
+ ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุชู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุณูŠู„ ุชุชู†ุดุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุชู‚ุฏู… ุงุชุนุฑูุช ุนู„ู‰
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:20:01,480 --> 00:20:05,120
1039
+ ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุบุฑูŠุจ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู†ุดุทุงุช ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‡ูŠุชูˆ ุชูˆูƒุณูŠูƒ ุชู‡ูŠ
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:20:05,120 --> 00:20:08,840
1043
+ ุงู„ุงู†ูุณุงูŠุฏ ูˆุนู…ู„ุช delay type of sensitivity reaction
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:20:08,840 --> 00:20:14,680
1047
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุช ุงู„ู‰ the graft rejection ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:20:14,680 --> 00:20:18,480
1051
+ ู„ุขูŠุงู„ุชู‡ ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู†ุชุฑููŠุฑูˆู† ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:20:18,480 --> 00:20:22,870
1055
+ in activation macrophageูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุดูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ ุฌุงุฑูŠ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:20:22,870 --> 00:20:26,070
1059
+ ุงู„ู…ูƒุฑูˆููŠุด ุจุชู‡ุงุฌุฑุŒ it's recruitedุŒ it's migrated
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:20:26,070 --> 00:20:30,070
1063
+ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ to the grafted area ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุชุนู…ู„ tissue
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:20:30,070 --> 00:20:35,750
1067
+ damage ุงู„ tumor recross factor ุจูŠุชุงุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:20:35,750 --> 00:20:41,450
1071
+ cytotoxic to the cellsุŒ ุงูŠ cells ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:20:41,450 --> 00:20:48,120
1075
+ graftุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑููŠุฑูˆู† Alpha ูˆBeta ูˆTumor Necrosis
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:20:48,120 --> 00:20:52,340
1079
+ Factor Beta ูˆTumor Necrosis Factor Alpha ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุด
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:20:52,340 --> 00:20:54,760
1083
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุจูŠุฒูˆุฏูˆุง ุงู„ expression of MFC Class I
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:20:54,760 --> 00:20:58,860
1087
+ ู…ู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงู†ุชุฑููŠุฑูˆู† ุจุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:20:58,860 --> 00:21:04,840
1091
+ expression of Class II ู…ู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ูˆูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุตู„
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:21:04,840 --> 00:21:09,690
1095
+ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุงู„ูŠูˆุฌุฑุงูุชูˆุดูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุจุฐุงู„ ุงู„ expression
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:21:09,690 --> 00:21:14,090
1099
+ of MHC molecule ุฒุงุฏ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ effectiveness of
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:21:14,090 --> 00:21:18,050
1103
+ antigen recognition ูˆ ุงู„ enhancement of the graft
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:21:18,050 --> 00:21:22,370
1107
+ rejection will be increased ุทุจุนุง ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:21:22,370 --> 00:21:25,150
1111
+ micro environment ููŠ ุงู„ peripheral lymphoid organs
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:21:25,150 --> 00:21:31,170
1115
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ CD4 helper CD4 T cell can differentiate
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:21:31,170 --> 00:21:36,350
1119
+ into different types of effector cellูˆุทุจุนุง ุชุฏูŠู†ุง
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:21:36,350 --> 00:21:41,710
1123
+ different types of immune responses ูุชุดูˆููˆุง ุฅูŠุด
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:21:41,710 --> 00:21:47,110
1127
+ ุจุตูŠุฑ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ IL-12 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชู†ุดุท ุฏูŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:21:47,110 --> 00:21:52,970
1131
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุตู„ุชู‡ุง ุฅูุฑุงุฒ Gamma Interferon ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุดุท ุงู†ู‡ุง
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:21:52,970 --> 00:21:57,790
1135
+ Macrophage ูˆุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ delayed type hypersensitivity
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:21:57,790 --> 00:22:04,940
1139
+ ูˆููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ IL-4 ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุชูˆูƒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชู†ุดุท ูˆุจุชุทู„ุนุงู„ู€ IL
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:22:04,940 --> 00:22:11,060
1143
+ -5 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุดุท ุงู„ู†ุงุฆุฒูŠู†ูˆููŠู„ูŠูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ population ูˆุจูŠุนู…ู„
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:22:11,060 --> 00:22:15,560
1147
+ rejection ูˆููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ Transforming Growth Factor
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:22:15,560 --> 00:22:24,240
1151
+ Beta IL-6 ูˆ IL-23 ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ T4-17
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:22:24,240 --> 00:22:29,400
1155
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชู†ุดุท ูˆ can activate neutrophilic
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:22:29,400 --> 00:22:32,900
1159
+ rejection ุฃู…ุง ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ Transforming Growth
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:22:32,900 --> 00:22:40,620
1163
+ Factor Beta ู„ุญุงู„ู‡T-rig ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชู†ุดุท ูˆุจุชุนู…ู„
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:22:40,620 --> 00:22:43,600
1167
+ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุด ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ immune response activity ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:22:43,600 --> 00:22:49,320
1171
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ promotion ู„ู„ Allograft acceptance by
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:22:49,320 --> 00:22:52,600
1175
+ multiple mechanism ู…ุด rejection ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุฅูŠู‡ุงุด
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:22:52,600 --> 00:22:56,420
1179
+ acceptance ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ different ุฅูŠู‡ุงุด different
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:22:56,420 --> 00:23:00,420
1183
+ immune response ุจุชุตูŠุฑ according to the different
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:23:00,420 --> 00:23:07,150
1187
+ environmentPresence ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุงุด ุงู„ rejection ูˆ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:23:07,150 --> 00:23:14,150
1191
+ ูƒู…ุง ุชุดุงู‡ุฏูˆู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ููŠุฌูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูˆุงุญู‚ู†ุงู‡ุง I L 12
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:23:14,150 --> 00:23:21,090
1195
+ ู†ุดุทุช ู„ู†ุง I L 12 ู†ุดุทุช ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุจุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทู„ุนุช ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:23:21,090 --> 00:23:26,270
1199
+ ุงู†ุชุฑููŠู„ูˆ ู†ุดุทุช ู…ูƒุฑูˆููŠุด I L 4 ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ I L 4 ุงู„ุจุฑุชูˆุช
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:23:26,270 --> 00:23:27,970
1203
+ ู†ุดุทุช ูˆุทู„ุนุช I L 5
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:23:36,530 --> 00:23:40,830
1207
+ ุจุชู†ุดุท ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ 17 ุจุชุทู„ุน ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ุงู„ 17 ูˆุจูŠุนู…ู„
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:23:40,830 --> 00:23:47,270
1211
+ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑุงูู„ูŠูƒ ุฑูŠุฌูŠูƒุดู† ูˆุชู†ุดุท
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:23:47,270 --> 00:23:48,570
1215
+ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ 13 ุชู†ุดุท ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ 13 ุชู†ุดุท ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ 13 ุชู†ุดุท
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:23:48,570 --> 00:23:50,250
1219
+ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ 13 ุชู†ุดุท ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ 13 ุชู†ุดุท ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ 13 ุชู†ุดุท
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:23:50,250 --> 00:23:52,210
1223
+ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ 13 ุชู†ุดุท ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ 13 ุชู†ุดุท ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ 13 ุชู†ุดุท
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:23:52,210 --> 00:23:52,670
1227
+ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ 13 ุชู†ุดุท ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ 13 ุชู†ุดุท ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ 13 ุชู†ุดุท
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:23:52,670 --> 00:23:57,570
1231
+ ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ 13 ุชู†ุดุท ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ 13 ุชู†ุดุท ุชูŠู‡ูŠู„ุจุฑ 13 ุชู†ุดุท ุช
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:24:01,280 --> 00:24:09,100
1235
+ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูุนูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฌุฑุฑ ู„ู€ Tissue TypingุŸ ูŠุชุนุฑู
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:24:09,100 --> 00:24:13,180
1239
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ MHC ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฏูˆู†ุงุฑ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:24:13,180 --> 00:24:17,760
1243
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจุงู„ู€ cross-matching ู‡ูŠ ุชูุนู„ู‡ุง ู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:24:17,760 --> 00:24:20,620
1247
+ ูุฑุตุฉ ุงู„ู€ graft rejection ูŠุณู…ูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:24:20,620 --> 00:24:27,700
1251
+ Minophenotyping ุฃูˆ Phenotyping Tissue Typing ุชุชุฌุฑุฑ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:24:27,700 --> 00:24:35,570
1255
+ ู„ุชุญุฏูŠุซ ุงู„ู€ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏุงุช ุจุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ูุฑู†ุณ ุจูŠู†
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:24:35,570 --> 00:24:39,050
1259
+ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู†
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:24:39,050 --> 00:24:40,590
1263
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู†
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:24:40,590 --> 00:24:41,510
1267
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู†
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:24:41,510 --> 00:24:41,770
1271
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู†
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:24:41,770 --> 00:24:48,650
1275
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู†
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:24:48,650 --> 00:24:56,550
1279
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:24:56,900 --> 00:25:01,580
1283
+ ูˆ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:25:01,580 --> 00:25:06,800
1287
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€ positive reaction
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:25:06,800 --> 00:25:10,880
1291
+ ุญูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ HLA-A ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุตุงุฑุด ููŠู‡ุง reaction
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:25:10,880 --> 00:25:15,580
1295
+ ุญูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ negative ู„ู„ู€ HLA-A ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ antisera ู…ู…ูƒู†
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:25:15,580 --> 00:25:21,250
1299
+ ุชุฌูŠุจู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู†ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุงุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:25:21,250 --> 00:25:27,190
1303
+ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุงุช ู…ุฑุชุจุทุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:25:27,190 --> 00:25:30,870
1307
+ ุงูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุงุช ุงูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุงุช ุงูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุงุช ุงูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุงุช ุงูˆ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:25:30,870 --> 00:25:30,930
1311
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุงุช ุงูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุงุช ุงูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุงุช ุงูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุงุช ุงูˆ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:25:30,930 --> 00:25:32,110
1315
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุงุช ุงูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุงุช ุงูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุงุช ุงูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุงุช ุงูˆ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:25:32,110 --> 00:25:34,910
1319
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุงุช ุงูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุงุช ุงูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุงุช ุงูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุงุช ุงูˆ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:25:34,910 --> 00:25:38,350
1323
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุงุช ุงูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุงุช ุงูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุงุช ุงูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุงุช ุงูˆ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:25:38,350 --> 00:25:39,950
1327
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุงุช ุงูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุงุช ุงูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุงุช ุงูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุงุช ุง
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:25:47,330 --> 00:25:51,970
1331
+ can be used for this purpose ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุงู‡
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:25:51,970 --> 00:25:56,610
1335
+ automated ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุจุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุงู‡ quantitative
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:25:56,610 --> 00:26:01,870
1339
+ lymphocytic toxicity ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูุญุต ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฃูŠุถุง
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:26:01,870 --> 00:26:05,830
1343
+ ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠู‡ antibody specific MHC molecule antibody
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:26:05,830 --> 00:26:12,210
1347
+ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ complement ุทุจุนุง complement ู…ุน antibody
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:26:12,210 --> 00:26:18,760
1351
+ ุงู„ antibody will fix the complementูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:26:18,760 --> 00:26:22,580
1355
+ damage ู„ู„ target cell which are ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:26:22,580 --> 00:26:28,360
1359
+ lymphocytes ูุฅุฐุง ุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ damage ุจุฏูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:26:28,360 --> 00:26:31,340
1363
+ reaction ู…ุงุญุตู„ุด ููŠู‡ damage ุจุฏูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ reaction
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:26:31,340 --> 00:26:36,000
1367
+ ู…ุงุดูŠุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู† ุงู„ lymphocyte of donor
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:26:36,000 --> 00:26:40,180
1371
+ and recipient ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ูุณู‡ู… ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ู… ู…ุน panel of
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:26:40,180 --> 00:26:44,720
1375
+ antibody ููŠู‡ ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:26:44,720 --> 00:26:45,500
1379
+ complement
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:26:49,160 --> 00:26:53,120
1383
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุช ุงู„ code ูƒูˆู…ู„ุฉ ู…ุง ู‡ุชุญุทูŠู‡ุงุด ูˆ ู‡ุชู†ุดุท ู„ู†ุง
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:26:53,120 --> 00:26:58,800
1387
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุชุชู†ุดุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ antibody ู‡ูŠ ุจุณู„ุน ู†ุดุงุท
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:26:58,800 --> 00:27:01,980
1391
+ ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ memory ู†ู‚ุทุฉ complex that will
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:27:01,980 --> 00:27:05,300
1395
+ damage ุงู„ target cell ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ damaged
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:27:05,300 --> 00:27:08,400
1399
+ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุชุบุทู‰ ุทุจุนุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุฅู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ damaged ูˆ ู„ูˆ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:27:08,400 --> 00:27:12,060
1403
+ ู…ุงุตุงุฑุด damaged ู†ุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุตุจุบุฉ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:27:12,060 --> 00:27:15,020
1407
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุญูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุตุจุบุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูŠุชุฉ
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:27:20,200 --> 00:27:28,400
1411
+ ุงู„ุงุณู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ area ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจู†ูุญุต
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:27:28,400 --> 00:27:31,320
1415
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ MSC molecule ู‡ูˆ by using molecular
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:27:31,320 --> 00:27:39,820
1419
+ technique and PCR is ููŠ ู…ุตุฑู…ุนุชู‚ุฏุชู‡ mixed leukocyte
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:27:39,820 --> 00:27:46,260
1423
+ reaction ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฌุงู„ู‡ ุจู†ุญุท ุงู„ leukocyte of
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:27:46,260 --> 00:27:49,600
1427
+ ุงู„ donor ูˆ ุงู„ recipient ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ู… culture
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:27:49,600 --> 00:27:54,920
1431
+ for several days ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ donor T cell respond to
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:27:54,920 --> 00:27:59,540
1435
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆ MHC ู…ู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ุชุชู†ุดุท ุงูˆ expressed on the
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:27:59,540 --> 00:27:59,940
1439
+ recipient
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:28:04,920 --> 00:28:08,400
1443
+ ุณูŠุชูุฑุฐ ุงู„ุณูŠุชูˆูƒุงูŠู† ูˆุณูŠู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ุณูŠุชูˆูƒุงูŠู† ุจุฅุฏุฎุงู„ ุงู„ู€
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:28:08,400 --> 00:28:15,060
1447
+ proliferation ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู„ู„ู€ proliferation ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ูŠุญุฏุฏ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:28:15,060 --> 00:28:21,460
1451
+ ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ reaction positive ุฃูˆ reaction
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:28:21,460 --> 00:28:24,140
1455
+ negative ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุชู… ู…ุฌุฑุฏู‡ ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชุณุฌูŠู„
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:28:24,140 --> 00:28:26,880
1459
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุฏูŠูˆ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:28:30,400 --> 00:28:34,840
1463
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุญุงู„ุงุช of mixed lymphocyte reaction
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:28:34,840 --> 00:28:38,060
1467
+ associated with different transplantation
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:28:38,060 --> 00:28:42,700
1471
+ situation ุทุจุนุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆุงุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุญุงู„ุฉ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:28:43,270 --> 00:28:47,870
1475
+ ูˆุทุจุนุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ tissue between
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:28:47,870 --> 00:28:52,570
1479
+ identical twins ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ they are syngenic ุนู…ู„ู†ุง
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:28:52,570 --> 00:28:55,830
1483
+ ู„ู‡ู… ุงุดูŠ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ู„ุฃ no treatment for the cells
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:28:55,830 --> 00:29:00,570
1487
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ mix lymphocyte reaction will be
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:29:00,570 --> 00:29:05,290
1491
+ negative ู…ุงููŠุด ุชูุงุนู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ no proliferation ู…ุงุดูŠ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:29:05,290 --> 00:29:09,650
1495
+ ูุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ tissue between non related
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:29:09,650 --> 00:29:13,380
1499
+ donor and recipientู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู„ุง ุดูŠุก ู„ูƒู† ููŠู‡ reaction
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:29:13,380 --> 00:29:18,600
1503
+ ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ recognition ู„foreign MHC
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:29:18,600 --> 00:29:22,740
1507
+ molecule ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ host ุฃูˆ donor cell ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:29:22,740 --> 00:29:27,940
1511
+ ููŠู‡ proliferative capacity ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช tissue between
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:29:27,940 --> 00:29:32,920
1515
+ unrelated donor and recipient ุดูˆ ุนู…ู„ูˆุงุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุทุจุนุง
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:29:32,920 --> 00:29:36,860
1519
+ actually is different ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุชุจุฑ ุฃู„ูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠูƒ ุทุจ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:29:36,860 --> 00:29:44,070
1523
+ ุฅูŠู‡ ุดูˆ ุนู…ู„ูˆุงุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง donor cellุนุงู…ู„ูˆู‡ุง ู…ุงุดูŠ mitotic
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:29:44,070 --> 00:29:50,630
1527
+ inhibitor ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณูƒุชูˆู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏุงุด ูŠุงูƒูŠุด ุชุชู†ุดุทูŠ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:29:50,630 --> 00:29:54,930
1531
+ ุทุจ ู‡ุงุด ู…ุฌุจูˆุถ ู‡ุงุด ุจูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:29:54,930 --> 00:29:57,750
1535
+ antigen ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุทุจ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุชู†ุดุท ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:29:57,750 --> 00:30:00,670
1539
+ recipient cell ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุชู†ุดุท ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:30:00,670 --> 00:30:05,350
1543
+ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ one way mixed lymphocyte reactionู…ู†
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:30:05,350 --> 00:30:09,510
1547
+ ุงุชู†ุดุท ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ donor cell ุงูˆ ุงู„ recipient
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:30:09,510 --> 00:30:16,270
1551
+ cell ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… 4 ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุตุญูŠุญ ุงุญู†ุง ูˆู‚ูู†ุง
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:30:16,270 --> 00:30:20,290
1555
+ ุงู„ recipient cell ูˆู†ุดุทู†ุง ุงู„ donor cell
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:30:20,290 --> 00:30:23,390
1559
+ prolongation
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:30:23,390 --> 00:30:28,190
1563
+ of allograft survival can be achieved by
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:30:28,190 --> 00:30:32,790
1567
+ immunosuppressive therapyูุงู„ู€ Immunosuppressive
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:30:32,790 --> 00:30:36,590
1571
+ Therapy ู…ุงุฐุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ ุฌุงู„ูˆ ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู…
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:30:36,590 --> 00:30:38,150
1575
+ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู…
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:30:38,150 --> 00:30:39,270
1579
+ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู…
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:30:39,270 --> 00:30:40,750
1583
+ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู…
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:30:40,750 --> 00:30:42,630
1587
+ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู…
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:30:42,630 --> 00:30:43,610
1591
+ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู…
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:30:43,610 --> 00:30:43,850
1595
+ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู…
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:30:43,850 --> 00:30:49,590
1599
+ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู…
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:30:49,590 --> 00:30:56,990
1603
+ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู…
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:30:56,990 --> 00:31:00,990
1607
+ ุงู„ุฌุงู„ู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† combination of synergistic
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:31:00,990 --> 00:31:07,190
1611
+ immunosuppressive drug ุชู†ูŠู† ุชู†ูŠู† ุจุชุณุงุนุฏู‡ ุดูˆ
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:31:07,190 --> 00:31:09,750
1615
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุงุŸ ุฌุงู„ูˆ they interfere with the immune
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:31:09,750 --> 00:31:14,550
1619
+ response mechanism ุฒูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ T cell activation
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:31:14,550 --> 00:31:22,750
1623
+ drug doses are lower than the induction therapy ุฒูŠ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:31:22,750 --> 00:31:27,290
1627
+ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ู„ุชุณู…ุญ ู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงุณุงุณูŠ ู„ุชุนู…ู„
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:31:27,290 --> 00:31:30,910
1631
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุนุงู„ูŠ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุณุฏุงู†ุณ ู„ู„ุฅู†ูุงู‚ุงุช
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:31:30,910 --> 00:31:35,910
1635
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุฑุชุดูˆู†ูŠุณุชูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง induction
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:31:35,910 --> 00:31:38,790
1639
+ therapy ูˆููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง maintenance therapy ุงู„
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:31:38,790 --> 00:31:41,330
1643
+ induction therapy ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ transplantation
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:31:41,330 --> 00:31:46,870
1647
+ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ maintenance therapy two drugs or more they
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:31:46,870 --> 00:31:50,470
1651
+ are synergistic ุงู…ูŠู†ูˆ ุณุงุจุฑุณ ุงู„ drug ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:31:50,470 --> 00:31:54,800
1655
+ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠู„ูŠููˆุณุงูŠุช ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ูˆุง ุงูˆ ุจูŠุจุทุคูˆุงู‡ูŠ
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:31:54,800 --> 00:32:01,620
1659
+ ุชุฎู„ุต ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุฅูŠู…ูŠูˆู† ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชู‚ู„ู„ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุฅู†ููƒุดู†
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:32:01,620 --> 00:32:10,620
1663
+ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:32:10,620 --> 00:32:16,440
1667
+ ูŠุชู… ุฅุนุทุงุก ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:32:16,440 --> 00:32:18,840
1671
+ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:32:18,840 --> 00:32:18,900
1675
+ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:32:18,900 --> 00:32:18,980
1679
+ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:32:18,980 --> 00:32:21,510
1683
+ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:32:21,510 --> 00:32:25,510
1687
+ ููŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ุดุงุจู‡ ู„ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆูƒุดู† ุซูŠุฑุงุจูŠ
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:32:25,510 --> 00:32:30,830
1691
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠูƒูˆุณุชูŠุฑูˆูŠุฏ ุงู†ุชูŠ
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:32:30,830 --> 00:32:35,610
1695
+ ุงู†ูู„ุงู…ุงุชูˆุฑูŠ ุงูŠ ุฌู†ุณ ุงูˆ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠูƒูˆุณุชูŠุฑูˆูŠุฏ
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:32:35,610 --> 00:32:41,110
1699
+ ุงูˆ ุจุฑุฏู†ุฒูˆู„ูˆู† ุงูˆ ู…ุซุงู„ ุจุฑุฏู†ุฒูˆู„ูˆู† ูƒู„ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงุณู…ุงุก
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:32:41,110 --> 00:32:46,590
1703
+ ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจู…ุงุฐุง ูุนู„ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠูƒูˆุณุชูŠุฑูˆูŠุฏุฒุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู†ู‡
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:32:46,590 --> 00:32:49,210
1707
+ ุณูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุญุฑูŠูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุฑุงู†ูŠู…ูŠู†ูˆ ุณุงุจุฑูŠุณ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุฑุงู†ูŠู…ูŠู†ูˆ
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:32:49,210 --> 00:32:56,290
1711
+ ุณุงุจุฑูŠุณ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุฑุงู†ูŠู…ูŠู†ูˆ
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:32:59,020 --> 00:33:02,340
1715
+ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุดุชุฑูƒ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุดุชุฑูƒ ุงู†ูู„ุงู…ุงุชูˆุฑูŠ
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:33:02,340 --> 00:33:07,680
1719
+ ุณุงูŠุชูˆูƒุงูŠู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ I L 1 ูˆ 2 ูˆ 3 ูˆ 4 ูˆ 5 ูˆ 8 Human
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:33:07,680 --> 00:33:14,080
1723
+ Necrosis Factor Alpha GM CSF ุจู†ูˆู‚ู ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:33:14,080 --> 00:33:19,820
1727
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ expression for the cytokine ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ it's an
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:33:19,820 --> 00:33:22,780
1731
+ immunosuppressive
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:33:24,090 --> 00:33:26,910
1735
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠูุนู„ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุงุŸ ู‚ุงู„ ุฅู† ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠูƒูˆุณุชูŠุฑูˆูŠุฏ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:33:26,910 --> 00:33:30,330
1739
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุท ุฅุธู‡ุงุฑ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงุฏู‡ูŠุฌูŠุง. ุทุจ ูˆุฅูŠุด
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:33:30,330 --> 00:33:33,830
1743
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ุฅุธู‡ุงุฑ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงุฏู‡ูŠุฌูŠุงุŸ ู‚ุงู„ ุฅู†ู‡
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:33:33,830 --> 00:33:39,010
1747
+ ุณูŠู†ู‡ูŠุจุท ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠูƒูˆุณูŠุช. ุฃูŠู† ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠูƒูˆุณูŠุชุŸ ุฅู„ู‰
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:33:39,010 --> 00:33:42,430
1751
+ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ุงู†ููƒุงุด ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ูู„ุงู…ุด. ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:33:42,430 --> 00:33:49,470
1755
+ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠูƒูˆุณุชูŠุฑูˆูŠุฏ ูŠู†ู‡ูŠุจุท ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠูƒูˆุณูŠุช. ุทูŠุจ
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:33:49,470 --> 00:33:52,370
1759
+ ุฅูŠุด ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ ู‚ุงู„ ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุฏุนู…ูˆุง ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ุณู„ุฑ
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:33:52,370 --> 00:33:56,540
1763
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆู†ูŠูƒู„ูŠุงุฒูŠ.ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ induction of
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:33:56,540 --> 00:34:01,520
1767
+ apoptosis ููŠ ุงู„ limphocyte ูˆุงู„ุฅูŠุฒูŠู†ูˆููŠู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:34:01,520 --> 00:34:03,940
1771
+ limphocyte ูˆุงู„ุฅูŠุฒูŠู†ูˆููŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ู… ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง immune
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:34:03,940 --> 00:34:08,580
1775
+ response ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ู‡ูˆ ุณูƒุชุฑูˆุง in addition they
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:34:08,580 --> 00:34:11,840
1779
+ reduced phagocytosis ุทุจ ุฃู†ุง ููˆุฌ ุนู…ู„ุช inhibition ู„
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:34:11,840 --> 00:34:16,220
1783
+ ู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุช migration ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ I reduced the
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:34:16,220 --> 00:34:18,560
1787
+ phagocytosis and killing by neutrophil and
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:34:18,560 --> 00:34:22,000
1791
+ macrophages and reduced expression of MSC class 2
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:34:22,000 --> 00:34:27,320
1795
+ moleculeุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠูƒูˆุณุชูŠุฑูˆูŠุฏ ู†ู‡ูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ T
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:34:27,320 --> 00:34:32,180
1799
+ -cell activation ูˆ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:34:32,180 --> 00:34:34,820
1803
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:34:34,820 --> 00:34:35,260
1807
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:34:35,260 --> 00:34:36,340
1811
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:34:36,340 --> 00:34:39,180
1815
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:34:53,710 --> 00:34:58,890
1819
+ ูˆุจุนู…ู„ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠู† ุงู†ูˆุณูŠู†ูƒ
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:34:58,890 --> 00:35:17,130
1823
+ ุงุณุฏ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠู†
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:35:17,130 --> 00:35:22,910
1827
+ ุงู†ูˆุณูŠู†ูƒ ุงุณุฏ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠู†
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:35:22,910 --> 00:35:22,970
1831
+ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠู†
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:35:22,970 --> 00:35:23,550
1835
+ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠู†
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:35:23,550 --> 00:35:23,570
1839
+ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠู†
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:35:23,570 --> 00:35:27,530
1843
+ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠู† ุงู†of Purine Clorampucil
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:35:27,530 --> 00:35:33,650
1847
+ and cyclophosphamide ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุช DNA ู‡ุฐูˆู„ู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:35:33,650 --> 00:35:37,370
1851
+ cytotoxic drug ุชู†ูŠู† ุชุงู†ูŠู† ูˆุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑูŠู† ููŠ
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:35:37,370 --> 00:35:40,910
1855
+ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุงุŸ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุชุดู† ู„ DNA
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:35:40,910 --> 00:35:48,600
1859
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชุฏุฎู„ูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ metabolism of DNAูƒุงู†ุช
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:35:48,600 --> 00:35:52,400
1863
+ ุชุชุทูˆุฑ ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ ู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ุจุงู„ูƒุงู†ุณุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:35:52,400 --> 00:35:57,920
1867
+ ูƒูŠู…ูˆุซูŠุฑุงุจูŠ ูˆ ู‡ู… ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุตูŠุฏูˆุชูƒุณูŠูƒ ู„ู„ู…ููˆุณุงูŠุฏ ูˆ
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:35:57,920 --> 00:36:03,320
1871
+ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ู… ูƒู…ูŠูˆู†ูˆ ุณุจุฑูŠุณูŠุจ ุงูŠุฌุงู†ุช ู…ู† ู…ุง ุงุนุชุจุฑุช
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:36:03,320 --> 00:36:08,400
1875
+ ุงูŠุฌุงู†ุช ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุตูŠุฏูˆุชูƒุณูŠูƒุงูŠู† production ูˆ
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:36:08,400 --> 00:36:14,220
1879
+ signaling ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุณุงูŠูƒู„ูˆุณุจูˆุฑูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงูƒุฑูˆ
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:36:17,530 --> 00:36:20,410
1883
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠูุนู„ุŸ ูŠูุนู„ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ุจุงู„ู€ Calcium Urine
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:36:20,410 --> 00:36:27,890
1887
+ ุจุฑุชุจุชู‡ ุจุงู„ู€ Immunophilins ุจูŠู‡ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† family
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:36:27,890 --> 00:36:31,210
1891
+ of intracellular protein ุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:36:31,210 --> 00:36:35,490
1895
+ lymphocyte signaling pathway ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ Signal
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:36:35,490 --> 00:36:41,990
1899
+ Transduction Pathway Inhibition ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ุตุงุฑุด
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:36:41,990 --> 00:36:46,290
1903
+ ููŠู‡ Signal Transduction ู…ุงููŠุด functionุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ุฃู†
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:36:46,290 --> 00:36:50,590
1907
+ ุงู„ู€ Cyclosporin ุชุฏูุน ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุจูŠุทุง ูˆุฏู‡
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:36:50,590 --> 00:36:54,850
1911
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจูˆุชูˆุฑูŠู‡ ุณุงูŠุชูˆูƒุงูŠู†ูˆ Cyclosporin ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:36:54,850 --> 00:37:02,270
1915
+ ู‡ูˆ ู…ููŠุฏ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชู… ุชุฏูุนู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุชุฏูุน ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ููŠุฏ
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:37:02,270 --> 00:37:06,850
1919
+ ููŠ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ุฅุชุฌุงุฑ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุฅุชุฌุงุฑ ุดุบุงู„ุŒ ุฅูŠู‡
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:37:06,850 --> 00:37:12,690
1923
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ุชู‡ุŸ Cyclosporin ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑ ู†ูุฑูˆุชูˆูƒุณูŠูƒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:37:12,690 --> 00:37:17,520
1927
+ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ risk of cancerwhen administered for long
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:37:17,520 --> 00:37:22,960
1931
+ term ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุงุชุฎุฐ ู„ูุชุฑุงุช ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ูŠูƒูˆู†
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:37:22,960 --> 00:37:28,340
1935
+ tumorigenesis ู†ุจุฑ ุฃุฑุจุน immunosuppressive antibody
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:37:28,340 --> 00:37:31,380
1939
+ therapy ุจูŠุนุทูˆุง Anti lymphocyte antibody
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:37:31,380 --> 00:37:36,320
1943
+ preparation ุฒูŠ as horse and rabbit anti lymphocyte
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:37:36,320 --> 00:37:45,280
1947
+ globulin ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ู… as immunosuppressive therapyุจุณ
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:37:45,280 --> 00:37:48,480
1951
+ ู„ู„ู…ุคุณู ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง serum sickness disease ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:37:48,480 --> 00:37:52,420
1955
+ complications ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ serum sickness
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:37:52,420 --> 00:37:57,740
1959
+ monoclonal antibody and engineered mouse human
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:37:57,740 --> 00:38:02,020
1963
+ chimeric antibody ุงูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ humanized antibody
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:38:02,020 --> 00:38:08,220
1967
+ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ู… ุฒูŠ ุงู„ RKT3 which is directed at KSCD3
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:38:08,220 --> 00:38:10,940
1971
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ T lymphocytes
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:38:14,360 --> 00:38:21,740
1975
+ ุงู„ู€ Zamab ูˆBacillus Zamab ู‡ู… ู…ุญุฏุซูŠู† ู„ู€ IL-2
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:38:21,740 --> 00:38:26,940
1979
+ ุฑูŠุณูŠุจุชูˆุฑ Alpha-Chain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ CD25 ูˆูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู† ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:38:26,940 --> 00:38:30,400
1983
+ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฑูŠุณูŠุจุชูˆุฑ IL-2 ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:38:30,400 --> 00:38:34,440
1987
+ ุงู„ู€ T-Lymphocytes. ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ู‡ู… ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ุงุช ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:38:34,440 --> 00:38:37,860
1991
+ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ CD3 ูˆุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ CD25
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:38:40,900 --> 00:38:45,420
1995
+ ุงู„ู€ IL-2 ูˆุงู„ุงูƒุชูุงุกุงุช
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:38:45,420 --> 00:38:55,940
1999
+ ุงู„ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู„ู„ู€ T-cell.ู„ุง ู†ู†ุณู‰ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู‚ุชุฑุงุญุงุช ุชุชุฌู‡
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:38:55,940 --> 00:39:03,420
2003
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ T-Helper-17 ุฃูˆ T-Helper-1.ูˆุงู„ุจุนุถ
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:39:03,420 --> 00:39:07,960
2007
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ T-Rig Cell ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ู‹ุง ู„ุฅู†ู‚ุงุฐ ุนุถูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู†
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:39:07,960 --> 00:39:12,410
2011
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุนุถูˆูŠ.ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:39:12,410 --> 00:39:16,870
2015
+ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ุชูŠุฑุจุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูˆ ุชูŠุฑุจุฑ ุณุจู†ุชูŠู† ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุดูŠู†ุง
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:39:16,870 --> 00:39:19,950
2019
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู…ุงุช ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุดุท ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆููŠู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุดุท
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:39:19,950 --> 00:39:23,070
2023
+ ู…ุงูƒุฑูˆููŠุฑ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง acute graft
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:39:23,070 --> 00:39:31,550
2027
+ rejection ุจู„ู‚ูˆุง K-cytokines in vivo ุฃุดู‡ุฑู‡ุง IL-6
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:39:31,550 --> 00:39:38,730
2031
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ shifting from ุชูŠุฑุจุฑ 17ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูŠุฑุฌ
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:39:38,730 --> 00:39:47,490
2035
+ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:39:47,490 --> 00:39:50,470
2039
+ ุชูŠุฑุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูŠุฑุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:39:50,470 --> 00:39:50,490
2043
+ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:39:50,490 --> 00:39:50,650
2047
+ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:39:50,650 --> 00:39:51,910
2051
+ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:39:51,910 --> 00:40:00,250
2055
+ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒุฌ ุชูˆุฑุฒPlucking ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:40:00,250 --> 00:40:05,410
2059
+ Plucking ู„ู„ู€ IL-6 ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุญูˆู„ ู…ู† T ู„ุจุฑุณู„ 17
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:40:05,410 --> 00:40:12,550
2063
+ Activity ู„ T Ring Activity ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:40:12,550 --> 00:40:17,870
2067
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุบุฑูˆุจูˆุชูŠูƒ ุงุณุชู… ุณูŠู„ Transplantation ูˆู‡ุฐุง
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:40:17,870 --> 00:40:23,430
2071
+ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆูŠู† ู…ู† Special Transplantation Situationุงู„ุชูŠ
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:40:23,430 --> 00:40:27,470
2075
+ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุนุงู…ุฉ ุจูŠู† ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู…ูŠู†ูˆ ูƒูˆู…ุจุชุงู† ูˆู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู…ูŠู†ูˆ
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:40:27,470 --> 00:40:28,850
2079
+ ูƒูˆู…ุจุชุงู† ูˆู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู…ูŠู†ูˆ ูƒูˆู…ุจุชุงู† ูˆู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู…ูŠู†ูˆ
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:40:28,850 --> 00:40:30,650
2083
+ ูƒูˆู…ุจุชุงู† ูˆู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู…ูŠู†ูˆ ูƒูˆู…ุจุชุงู† ูˆู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู…ูŠู†ูˆ
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:40:30,650 --> 00:40:38,170
2087
+ ูƒูˆู…ุจุชุงู† ูˆู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู…ูŠู†ูˆ ูƒูˆู…ุจุชุงู† ูˆู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู…ูŠู†ูˆ
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:40:38,170 --> 00:40:40,030
2091
+ ูƒูˆู…ุจุชุงู† ูˆู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู…ูŠู†ูˆ ูƒูˆู…ุจุชุงู† ูˆู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู…ูŠู†ูˆ
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:40:40,030 --> 00:40:40,950
2095
+ ูƒูˆู…ุจุชุงู† ูˆู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู…ูŠู†ูˆ ูƒูˆู…ุจุชุงู† ูˆู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู…ูŠู†ูˆ
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:40:40,950 --> 00:40:44,690
2099
+ ูƒูˆู…ุจุชุงู† ูˆู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู…ูŠู†ูˆ ูƒูˆู…ุจุชุงู† ูˆู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู…ูŠู†ูˆ
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:40:44,690 --> 00:40:46,650
2103
+ ูƒูˆู…ุจุชุงู† ูˆู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู…ูŠู†ูˆ ูƒูˆู…ุจุชุงู† ูˆู…ุณุชุฎ
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:40:49,670 --> 00:40:58,830
2107
+ stem cell ู…ู† ุงู„ blood ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† blood ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:40:58,830 --> 00:41:06,690
2111
+ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุงูˆ
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:41:06,690 --> 00:41:11,110
2115
+ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุงู„ stem cell ุจุชุชุงุฎุฏ hemibiotic stem cell is
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:41:11,110 --> 00:41:14,090
2119
+ used to treat a variety of conditions ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:41:14,090 --> 00:41:19,640
2123
+ skid ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆุณูŠูˆูŠุฑ ูƒูˆู…ุจุงูŠู†ุฏ ุงู…ูŠู†ูˆุฏูŠูุดุงู†ุณูŠ ูˆูŠุณูƒูˆุช
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:41:19,640 --> 00:41:28,020
2127
+ ุฃู„ุฏุฑูŠุญ ุณูŠู†ุฏุฑูˆู… ูˆ ุงู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุชุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ุจุดูƒู„
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:41:28,020 --> 00:41:29,440
2131
+ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:41:29,440 --> 00:41:29,720
2135
+ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:41:29,720 --> 00:41:29,740
2139
+ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:41:29,740 --> 00:41:35,880
2143
+ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:41:35,880 --> 00:41:38,700
2147
+ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:41:45,720 --> 00:41:48,900
2151
+ transplantation is a form of gene therapy ูˆูƒุฃู†
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:41:48,900 --> 00:41:52,980
2155
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ gene ุงู„ genetically abnormal blood
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:41:52,980 --> 00:41:56,840
2159
+ forming stem cell are replaced by normally
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:41:56,840 --> 00:42:00,620
2163
+ functioning cell ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุจู†ุบูŠุฑู‡ ุจู†ุง
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:42:00,620 --> 00:42:04,660
2167
+ stem cell ู…ุฑูŠุถุฉ ูˆู†ุญุท ุจุฏู„ู‡ุง stem cell ุณู„ูŠู…ุฉ
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:42:04,660 --> 00:42:09,160
2171
+ ultimate goal of hemopoietic cell transplantation
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:42:09,160 --> 00:42:15,160
2175
+ ุงู†ู‡ ู†ุฑุฌุนุงู„ู€ Bone marrow ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Hemopoies into its
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:42:15,160 --> 00:42:21,360
2179
+ normal function ุงู„ูŠูˆู… Hemopoietic stem cell give
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:42:21,360 --> 00:42:24,300
2183
+ rise to all blood cell lineage ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู†
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:42:24,300 --> 00:42:28,820
2187
+ Small number of these pluripotent cell also
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:42:28,820 --> 00:42:34,660
2191
+ circulate in blood ูุทุจุนุง ุฃุซู†ุงุก ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ GCSF is
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:42:34,660 --> 00:42:38,360
2195
+ used ุนุดุงู† ู†ุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ number of hemopoietic stem cell
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:42:38,360 --> 00:42:45,020
2199
+ in both marrow and bloodู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏุงุช ูŠู…ูƒู†
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:42:45,020 --> 00:42:52,260
2203
+ ุชุฌุงุฑุจู‡ุง ู…ู† ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ CD43-34.ุฌู„ุฏ ุณูŠู…ุฌุงู†ูŠูƒุณ ุชูŠู…ุณูŠู„ ู…ุฑุชุจุท
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:42:52,260 --> 00:42:57,480
2207
+ ุจุงู„ุฎุทุฑ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุจุณุจุจ ู…ุดุงุจู‡ุชู‡ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู†ุงุฑ
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:42:57,480 --> 00:43:01,440
2211
+ ูˆุงู„ุฑุณุจูŠู„.Autologous Hemobiotic Cell
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:43:01,440 --> 00:43:06,800
2215
+ Transplantation ู‡ูˆ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณู„ูˆุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู…
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:43:06,800 --> 00:43:13,440
2219
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ูˆุฅุนุงุฏุชู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุทุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ู†
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:43:13,440 --> 00:43:17,520
2223
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูˆู†ุฏูŠู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูƒูŠู ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ููŠ
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:43:17,520 --> 00:43:24,770
2227
+ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตุญุฉ ูˆู†ุญูˆุดู‡ุง ู„ู‡ ู„ุญูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‡ูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:43:24,770 --> 00:43:28,910
2231
+ ุจุงู„ุทุจูŠุน ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุงู„ูŠุฌู†ุณูŠ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ุงู†ููˆู…ูŠุง
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:43:28,910 --> 00:43:35,470
2235
+ ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠู„ูˆู…ุง ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุจูŠุชูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุจูŠุชูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุจูŠุชูƒ
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:43:35,470 --> 00:43:35,770
2239
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุจูŠุชูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุจูŠุชูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุจูŠุชูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุจูŠุชูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุจูŠุชูƒ
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:43:35,770 --> 00:43:36,310
2243
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุจูŠุชูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุจูŠุชูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุจูŠุชูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุจูŠุชูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุจูŠุชูƒ
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:43:36,310 --> 00:43:37,090
2247
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุจูŠุชูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุจูŠุชูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุจูŠุชูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุจูŠุชูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุจูŠุชูƒ
2248
+
2249
+ 563
2250
+ 00:43:37,090 --> 00:43:40,530
2251
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุจูŠุชูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุจูŠุชูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุจูŠุชูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุจูŠุชูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุจูŠุชูƒ
2252
+
2253
+ 564
2254
+ 00:43:40,530 --> 00:43:49,170
2255
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุจูŠุชูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุจูŠุชูƒ
2256
+
2257
+ 565
2258
+ 00:43:55,880 --> 00:44:01,140
2259
+ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู†
2260
+
2261
+ 566
2262
+ 00:44:01,140 --> 00:44:06,840
2263
+ ุงู„ุจู„ุณุงู†ุชุง ู„ูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู…ุจู„ุงูŠูƒุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ blood
2264
+
2265
+ 567
2266
+ 00:44:06,840 --> 00:44:14,120
2267
+ blood blood blood blood blood blood blood blood
2268
+
2269
+ 568
2270
+ 00:44:14,120 --> 00:44:19,120
2271
+ blood blood blood blood
2272
+
2273
+ 569
2274
+ 00:44:19,120 --> 00:44:19,360
2275
+ blood blood blood blood blood blood blood blood
2276
+
2277
+ 570
2278
+ 00:44:19,360 --> 00:44:20,080
2279
+ blood blood blood blood blood blood blood blood
2280
+
2281
+ 571
2282
+ 00:44:35,730 --> 00:44:40,550
2283
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุฎู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ donor cell ุชุนุฑู
2284
+
2285
+ 572
2286
+ 00:44:40,550 --> 00:44:45,990
2287
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ host cell ูˆุนู…ู„ุชู‡ุง rejection ูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ููŠ
2288
+
2289
+ 573
2290
+ 00:44:45,990 --> 00:44:51,890
2291
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ hostูŠุชู†ุดุท ุถุฏ ุงู„ู€ graft ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุฎู„
2292
+
2293
+ 574
2294
+ 00:44:51,890 --> 00:44:56,510
2295
+ ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง host vs graft effect ุงูˆ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„
2296
+
2297
+ 575
2298
+ 00:44:56,510 --> 00:45:00,330
2299
+ immune reaction of to the host ุงู…ุง C-antigen ุจูŠ
2300
+
2301
+ 576
2302
+ 00:45:00,330 --> 00:45:04,890
2303
+ occur as graft vs host disease ู†ูุณ ุงู„ graft ู‡ูˆ
2304
+
2305
+ 577
2306
+ 00:45:04,890 --> 00:45:10,150
2307
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ุงู…ู† ูŠู…ุง ุงู„ recipient ูŠูƒูˆู†
2308
+
2309
+ 578
2310
+ 00:45:10,150 --> 00:45:14,750
2311
+ immunocompetent immunorejection by host T cell is
2312
+
2313
+ 579
2314
+ 00:45:14,750 --> 00:45:17,230
2315
+ usually prevented by intensive immunosuppression
2316
+
2317
+ 580
2318
+ 00:45:17,940 --> 00:45:21,780
2319
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุญุตู„ ุงู„ู€ host vs graft disease ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู†ูุนู„ู‡
2320
+
2321
+ 581
2322
+ 00:45:21,780 --> 00:45:25,240
2323
+ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุนุทูŠู‡ immunosuppress ูุจู†ุณูƒุช ุงู„ host cell ุถุฏ ุงู„
2324
+
2325
+ 582
2326
+ 00:45:25,240 --> 00:45:30,620
2327
+ donor cell patient with immunodeficiency disease
2328
+
2329
+ 583
2330
+ 00:45:30,620 --> 00:45:34,680
2331
+ ุงูŠ skid ู…ุง ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆุง ุงู„ induction therapy since
2332
+
2333
+ 584
2334
+ 00:45:34,680 --> 00:45:39,300
2335
+ there is no risk of rejection by host ุฃู„ุง to
2336
+
2337
+ 585
2338
+ 00:45:39,300 --> 00:45:42,880
2339
+ reduce the risk of graft vs host disease ุฃู„ุง
2340
+
2341
+ 586
2342
+ 00:45:42,880 --> 00:45:47,230
2343
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠT-cells are eliminated
2344
+
2345
+ 587
2346
+ 00:45:47,230 --> 00:45:55,350
2347
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุง from donor cell population ุฅู…ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
2348
+
2349
+ 588
2350
+ 00:45:55,350 --> 00:45:59,670
2351
+ ู…ูˆู†ูˆูƒู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠ T-cell antibody and complement or
2352
+
2353
+ 589
2354
+ 00:45:59,670 --> 00:46:07,410
2355
+ irradiation.Graft-versus-whole-disease ูŠูˆู… ู…ูŠุณูŠุฑ
2356
+
2357
+ 590
2358
+ 00:46:07,410 --> 00:46:11,190
2359
+ ุทุจุนุง hemopoietic cell transplantation from donor
2360
+
2361
+ 591
2362
+ 00:46:12,220 --> 00:46:15,980
2363
+ ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ุงู†ุง ุงุดุงุฑ ู„ูŠู‡ Desperate Recipient Results in
2364
+
2365
+ 592
2366
+ 00:46:15,980 --> 00:46:19,020
2367
+ Rejection ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุง ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ host
2368
+
2369
+ 593
2370
+ 00:46:19,020 --> 00:46:23,540
2371
+ cell ุงู„ donor cell against host antigen ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
2372
+
2373
+ 594
2374
+ 00:46:23,540 --> 00:46:26,820
2375
+ graft versus host disease ุทุจุนุง ุณูˆุงุก ุงู† ุงู„ antigen
2376
+
2377
+ 595
2378
+ 00:46:26,820 --> 00:46:31,240
2379
+ ูƒุงู† major ุงูˆ minor ุงุชุด ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ููŠู‡ reaction
2380
+
2381
+ 596
2382
+ 00:46:31,240 --> 00:46:35,880
2383
+ graft versus host disease ูŠุชูƒุงู…ู† ู…ู† ุงู„minor
2384
+
2385
+ 597
2386
+ 00:46:35,880 --> 00:46:40,530
2387
+ competent lymphoid cellุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชุนุฑู
2388
+
2389
+ 598
2390
+ 00:46:40,530 --> 00:46:48,310
2391
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู‡ูˆุณุช ู‡ู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
2392
+
2393
+ 599
2394
+ 00:46:48,310 --> 00:46:57,210
2395
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู‡ูˆุณุช ู‡ู…
2396
+
2397
+ 600
2398
+ 00:46:57,210 --> 00:47:01,290
2399
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู‡ูˆุณุชRadiation
2400
+
2401
+ 601
2402
+ 00:47:01,290 --> 00:47:05,550
2403
+ Therapy ุฃูˆ Chemotherapy ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฎู„ูŠ ู…ู†ุงุนุชู‡ู… ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ
2404
+
2405
+ 602
2406
+ 00:47:05,550 --> 00:47:09,490
2407
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ุนุฏูˆู…ุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุนุฏูˆุซ ุงู„ู€
2408
+
2409
+ 603
2410
+ 00:47:09,490 --> 00:47:13,490
2411
+ graft-versus-host disease ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
2412
+
2413
+ 604
2414
+ 00:47:13,490 --> 00:47:20,790
2415
+ ู‡ุฐุง as acute ูˆุจูŠุชุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ 15% ู„ 40% ู…ู† ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
2416
+
2417
+ 605
2418
+ 00:47:20,790 --> 00:47:25,590
2419
+ hemipietic cell transplantation ูˆููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญู„
2420
+
2421
+ 606
2422
+ 00:47:25,590 --> 00:47:33,010
2423
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุชู‰ูˆุงู„ู€ morbidity is
2424
+
2425
+ 607
2426
+ 00:47:33,010 --> 00:47:37,090
2427
+ the major cause of morbidity after allogenic HCT
2428
+
2429
+ 608
2430
+ 00:47:37,090 --> 00:47:42,650
2431
+ ุงู„ู€ chronic ุจุชุดูƒู„ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 50% ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
2432
+
2433
+ 609
2434
+ 00:47:42,650 --> 00:47:46,350
2435
+ ููŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 50% ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุซุจุช ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุชู„ุช
2436
+
2437
+ 610
2438
+ 00:47:46,350 --> 00:47:51,730
2439
+ ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ุงู„ acute graft versus heart
2440
+
2441
+ 611
2442
+ 00:47:51,730 --> 00:47:57,060
2443
+ diseaseุจูŠู†ุซู„ ุทุจุนุง accelerated inflammatory
2444
+
2445
+ 612
2446
+ 00:47:57,060 --> 00:48:04,060
2447
+ response ูŠุนู†ูŠ response ุนุงู„ูŠ against foreign
2448
+
2449
+ 613
2450
+ 00:48:04,060 --> 00:48:08,960
2451
+ antigen ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ host ู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ antigen ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
2452
+
2453
+ 614
2454
+ 00:48:08,960 --> 00:48:12,520
2455
+ donor lymphocyte encounter tissue the recipient
2456
+
2457
+ 615
2458
+ 00:48:12,520 --> 00:48:20,500
2459
+ that has been damaged to an underlying disease ูˆ
2460
+
2461
+ 616
2462
+ 00:48:20,500 --> 00:48:28,420
2463
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉูƒู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ูƒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุชุนุฑุถูŠู† ู„ุฅู…ุง ุจุฑูŠ
2464
+
2465
+ 617
2466
+ 00:48:28,420 --> 00:48:33,440
2467
+ ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุจูŠุชูƒุณู„ ุชุฑุงู†ุณุจู„ุงู†ุชูŠุดู† ุซูŠุฑุงุจูŠ ุจุฑุงุฏูŠุงุดู† ุฃูˆ
2468
+
2469
+ 618
2470
+ 00:48:33,440 --> 00:48:39,060
2471
+ ุจูƒูŠู…ูˆุซูŠุฑุงุจูŠ. In human, graft-resistant disease may
2472
+
2473
+ 619
2474
+ 00:48:39,060 --> 00:48:43,460
2475
+ produce plenomegaly ู†ูุณ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ or hepatomegaly or
2476
+
2477
+ 620
2478
+ 00:48:43,460 --> 00:48:47,720
2479
+ lymphadenopathy or diarrhea, anemia, weight loss
2480
+
2481
+ 621
2482
+ 00:48:47,720 --> 00:48:50,280
2483
+ and other disorders in which the underlying cause
2484
+
2485
+ 622
2486
+ 00:48:50,280 --> 00:48:54,540
2487
+ are inflammationุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Destruction ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
2488
+
2489
+ 623
2490
+ 00:48:54,540 --> 00:48:58,520
2491
+ .It is usually graft-resistant disease is
2492
+
2493
+ 624
2494
+ 00:48:58,520 --> 00:49:04,640
2495
+ initiated by donor derived T cell ุชุนุฑูุช ุนู„ู‰
2496
+
2497
+ 625
2498
+ 00:49:04,640 --> 00:49:09,900
2499
+ Recipient MHC antigen and minor H antigen as
2500
+
2501
+ 626
2502
+ 00:49:09,900 --> 00:49:15,840
2503
+ foreign ูˆ ุงู„ procedure ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ูŠ are used
2504
+
2505
+ 627
2506
+ 00:49:15,840 --> 00:49:21,350
2507
+ to eliminate ู†ูŠูˆู…ูˆู„ู…ุง ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุงู„ hemopoietic cell
2508
+
2509
+ 628
2510
+ 00:49:21,350 --> 00:49:24,030
2511
+ transplantation ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง elimination ู„ู„ T cell ู…ู†
2512
+
2513
+ 629
2514
+ 00:49:24,030 --> 00:49:29,790
2515
+ donor hemopoietic stem cell sources ู„ูƒู† ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„
2516
+
2517
+ 630
2518
+ 00:49:29,790 --> 00:49:36,330
2519
+ pluripotent stem cell ุงูŠุถุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนุทูŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงูˆ
2520
+
2521
+ 631
2522
+ 00:49:36,330 --> 00:49:40,550
2523
+ ุชูˆู„ุฏู†ุง ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ T lymphocyte which are active
2524
+
2525
+ 632
2526
+ 00:49:43,230 --> 00:49:45,290
2527
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุธู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ูู„ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2528
+
2529
+ 633
2530
+ 00:49:45,290 --> 00:49:46,870
2531
+ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ูู„ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ูู„ุงู…ุงุช
2532
+
2533
+ 634
2534
+ 00:49:46,870 --> 00:49:47,730
2535
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ูู„ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ
2536
+
2537
+ 635
2538
+ 00:49:47,730 --> 00:49:48,690
2539
+ ุงู„ุงู†ูู„ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ูู„ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„
2540
+
2541
+ 636
2542
+ 00:49:48,690 --> 00:49:49,730
2543
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ูู„ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ูู„ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2544
+
2545
+ 637
2546
+ 00:49:49,730 --> 00:49:50,270
2547
+ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ูู„ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ูู„ุงู…ุงุช
2548
+
2549
+ 638
2550
+ 00:49:50,270 --> 00:49:51,850
2551
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ูู„ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ
2552
+
2553
+ 639
2554
+ 00:49:51,850 --> 00:49:54,530
2555
+ ุงู„ุงู†ูู„ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ูู„ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„
2556
+
2557
+ 640
2558
+ 00:49:54,530 --> 00:49:57,140
2559
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ูู„ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ Inflammatory
2560
+
2561
+ 641
2562
+ 00:49:57,140 --> 00:49:59,680
2563
+ Reaction ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cytokine release ุฃุดู‡ุฑู‡ุง
2564
+
2565
+ 642
2566
+ 00:49:59,680 --> 00:50:03,440
2567
+ ุชูŠูˆุงู†ูƒุณูˆุณ ูุงูƒุชูˆุฑ ุขู„ูุฉ ูˆ IL-1 ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุงุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง
2568
+
2569
+ 643
2570
+ 00:50:03,440 --> 00:50:06,440
2571
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง recruitment ู„ู„ inflammatory in it
2572
+
2573
+ 644
2574
+ 00:50:06,440 --> 00:50:10,120
2575
+ inflammatory cell ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ
2576
+
2577
+ 645
2578
+ 00:50:10,120 --> 00:50:15,260
2579
+ ุงู„ุทูŠุจู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ destruction of
2580
+
2581
+ 646
2582
+ 00:50:15,260 --> 00:50:19,080
2583
+ cell ุทุจุนุง
2584
+
2585
+ 647
2586
+ 00:50:19,080 --> 00:50:22,540
2587
+ unless the reaction is controlledุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุญุฏุซ
2588
+
2589
+ 648
2590
+ 00:50:22,540 --> 00:50:26,120
2591
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู‡ูˆ ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ูŠุณุชุนู…ู„ ูˆูŠู‡ุงุฌู… ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู…
2592
+
2593
+ 649
2594
+ 00:50:26,120 --> 00:50:30,320
2595
+ ุงู„ุฏูุงุน ุงู„ุฅูŠู…ูŠู†ูŠ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
2596
+
2597
+ 650
2598
+ 00:50:30,320 --> 00:50:33,580
2599
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆูุงุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡
2600
+
2601
+ 651
2602
+ 00:50:33,580 --> 00:50:39,240
2603
+ ูŠุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† status of immunodeficiency ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
2604
+
2605
+ 652
2606
+ 00:50:39,240 --> 00:50:44,400
2607
+ ุชุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆูุงุฉ ู„ูƒู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุจู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู†
2608
+
2609
+ 653
2610
+ 00:50:44,400 --> 00:50:48,020
2611
+ ุงู„ุงุฌู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑูุฉ ุจุงู„ุฅูŠู…ูŠู† ู…ุซู„ Cyclosporin
2612
+
2613
+ 654
2614
+ 00:50:48,020 --> 00:50:49,020
2615
+ ูˆTacrelambas
2616
+
2617
+ 655
2618
+ 00:50:53,930 --> 00:51:00,030
2619
+ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ู…ู† ู…ูŠุซุงุชุฑูƒุณูŠุช ูƒูƒูŠู…ูˆุซูŠุฑุงุจูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
2620
+
2621
+ 656
2622
+ 00:51:00,030 --> 00:51:05,190
2623
+ ู„ู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุจูŠุชูƒ ุชู… ุณูŠู„ ุชุฑุงู†ุณุจู„ุงู†ุชุงุดู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
2624
+
2625
+ 657
2626
+ 00:51:05,190 --> 00:51:07,870
2627
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุนูŠู† ุฏุงูŠู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
2628
+
2629
+ 658
2630
+ 00:51:07,870 --> 00:51:11,670
2631
+ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ููŠุชุณ ู‡ูˆ ุจู„ุนู† tolerated allograft
2632
+
2633
+ 659
2634
+ 00:51:15,600 --> 00:51:21,480
2635
+ ูˆุฌุงู„ู‡ ููŠ ุนุฏุฉ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฃูˆู„ ุณุจุจ ุฃู†
2636
+
2637
+ 660
2638
+ 00:51:21,480 --> 00:51:25,880
2639
+ ุงู„ fetus express paternal amnesty antigen that is
2640
+
2641
+ 661
2642
+ 00:51:25,880 --> 00:51:30,660
2643
+ not expressed by mother ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุฃู†ู‡ to be
2644
+
2645
+ 662
2646
+ 00:51:30,660 --> 00:51:33,920
2647
+ rejected by the mother as an allograft ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2648
+
2649
+ 663
2650
+ 00:51:33,920 --> 00:51:41,240
2651
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุงุฑุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ
2652
+
2653
+ 664
2654
+ 00:51:41,240 --> 00:51:44,830
2655
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ motherูƒุงู† ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุงู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูŠุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน
2656
+
2657
+ 665
2658
+ 00:51:44,830 --> 00:51:49,010
2659
+ ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ููŠุทุฑุงู† ู…ุซู„ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Rh ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ
2660
+
2661
+ 666
2662
+ 00:51:49,010 --> 00:51:59,790
2663
+ ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃู… ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุฎู„ู ูƒุซูŠุฑุง ุงู„ู…ู„ุชุจุฑุฉ woman
2664
+
2665
+ 667
2666
+ 00:51:59,790 --> 00:52:09,530
2667
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ุชูุงุฏุฑ MSC ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ุง ุงู†
2668
+
2669
+ 668
2670
+ 00:52:09,530 --> 00:52:19,230
2671
+ ู„ูŠุณ ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠare harmless to the fetus ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
2672
+
2673
+ 669
2674
+ 00:52:19,230 --> 00:52:26,710
2675
+ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ they cannot cross the placenta ู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
2676
+
2677
+ 670
2678
+ 00:52:26,710 --> 00:52:31,690
2679
+ mother does not produce cytotoxic T cell against
2680
+
2681
+ 671
2682
+ 00:52:31,690 --> 00:52:39,830
2683
+ the fetus ุฅุดูŠ ุชุงู„ุช trophoplasm ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ููŠุชุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2684
+
2685
+ 672
2686
+ 00:52:39,830 --> 00:52:44,250
2687
+ ุจุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู… ุงู„ outer layer of placentaูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ on
2688
+
2689
+ 673
2690
+ 00:52:44,250 --> 00:52:47,950
2691
+ direct contact with material tissue Do not express
2692
+
2693
+ 674
2694
+ 00:52:47,950 --> 00:52:53,070
2695
+ polymorphic MHC class 1 or class 2 molecule ูˆู„ูƒู†
2696
+
2697
+ 675
2698
+ 00:52:53,070 --> 00:52:56,830
2699
+ they express another polymorphic class of MHC
2700
+
2701
+ 676
2702
+ 00:52:56,830 --> 00:53:01,410
2703
+ antigen ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ class 1B MHC molecule ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
2704
+
2705
+ 677
2706
+ 00:53:01,410 --> 00:53:06,850
2707
+ HLAG ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ fetal trophoblast does not prime
2708
+
2709
+ 678
2710
+ 00:53:06,850 --> 00:53:11,230
2711
+ for cellular immune responseุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุงู„ู€
2712
+
2713
+ 679
2714
+ 00:53:11,230 --> 00:53:16,650
2715
+ Allograft Rejection ุจู„ ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ู€ HLAG ุชู…ู†ุญ ุงู„ู€
2716
+
2717
+ 680
2718
+ 00:53:16,650 --> 00:53:23,050
2719
+ legend ู„ู€ KIR ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ material NK cell
2720
+
2721
+ 681
2722
+ 00:53:23,050 --> 00:53:29,450
2723
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ู†ุน ู†ุดุงุทู‡ุง ุจูŠู…ู†ุน ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ู€ fetal
2724
+
2725
+ 682
2726
+ 00:53:29,450 --> 00:53:33,870
2727
+ cell by NK cell ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ K inhibitory
2728
+
2729
+ 683
2730
+ 00:53:33,870 --> 00:53:37,440
2731
+ receptorKiller Inhibitory Receptor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰
2732
+
2733
+ 684
2734
+ 00:53:37,440 --> 00:53:47,680
2735
+ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุงู†ูƒูŠุณู„ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ููŠุชุณ HLAG ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง Expressed in
2736
+
2737
+ 685
2738
+ 00:53:47,680 --> 00:53:52,720
2739
+ Thymic Medullary Epithelium ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคูƒุฏ ุฃู† T cell
2740
+
2741
+ 686
2742
+ 00:53:52,720 --> 00:54:00,860
2743
+ tolerance to this molecule ุดุงูุชู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง No
2744
+
2745
+ 687
2746
+ 00:54:00,860 --> 00:54:06,600
2747
+ cell expressing large amountุฃูˆ MSC Class 2 ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง
2748
+
2749
+ 688
2750
+ 00:54:06,600 --> 00:54:13,660
2751
+ ุฏู„ุชุฑุงุชูƒุณู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู… ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ููŠ ุจู„ุงุณู†ุชุง ู…ุงููŠุด Alpha
2752
+
2753
+ 689
2754
+ 00:54:13,660 --> 00:54:17,980
2755
+ -Fetoprotein ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑุนุงู… ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุจูŠุตู†ุน ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆูƒุณุงูƒ
2756
+
2757
+ 690
2758
+ 00:54:17,980 --> 00:54:23,680
2759
+ ูˆููŠุชุงู„ู„ูŠุจุฑ ูˆุจูŠุนุชุจุฑ important in the survival of
2760
+
2761
+ 691
2762
+ 00:54:23,680 --> 00:54:29,240
2763
+ the fetus ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑ ูƒimmunosuppressive
2764
+
2765
+ 692
2766
+ 00:54:29,240 --> 00:54:33,040
2767
+ ุงู„ drug ู„ู‡ immunosuppressive properties
2768
+
2769
+ 693
2770
+ 00:54:35,540 --> 00:54:39,980
2771
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ููŠุชุณ ู„ุง ูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ูˆ ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ
2772
+
2773
+ 694
2774
+ 00:54:39,980 --> 00:54:46,640
2775
+ ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ
2776
+
2777
+ 695
2778
+ 00:54:46,640 --> 00:54:48,160
2779
+ ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ูˆ ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
2780
+
2781
+ 696
2782
+ 00:54:48,160 --> 00:54:48,500
2783
+ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
2784
+
2785
+ 697
2786
+ 00:54:48,500 --> 00:54:48,900
2787
+ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
2788
+
2789
+ 698
2790
+ 00:54:48,900 --> 00:54:49,060
2791
+ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
2792
+
2793
+ 699
2794
+ 00:54:49,060 --> 00:54:49,080
2795
+ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
2796
+
2797
+ 700
2798
+ 00:54:49,080 --> 00:54:53,360
2799
+ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
2800
+
2801
+ 701
2802
+ 00:54:53,360 --> 00:55:03,980
2803
+ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
2804
+
2805
+ 702
2806
+ 00:55:03,980 --> 00:55:09,580
2807
+ ููŠูˆููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ diabetic ulcer ูˆ ุงู„ู€ venous ulcer
2808
+
2809
+ 703
2810
+ 00:55:09,580 --> 00:55:18,260
2811
+ ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ุจุชุดูŠุฑ commonly otologous ุทุจุนุง recently
2812
+
2813
+ 704
2814
+ 00:55:18,260 --> 00:55:22,700
2815
+ artificial skin has been used ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูˆุง ูŠุตู†ุน
2816
+
2817
+ 705
2818
+ 00:55:22,700 --> 00:55:25,800
2819
+ consisting of stromal element and cultured cell
2820
+
2821
+ 706
2822
+ 00:55:25,800 --> 00:55:30,360
2823
+ for allergenic or xenogenic origin ุตุงุฑูˆุง ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง
2824
+
2825
+ 707
2826
+ 00:55:30,360 --> 00:55:31,140
2827
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
2828
+
2829
+ 708
2830
+ 00:55:35,440 --> 00:55:43,300
2831
+ ูˆุฃุฏ ู…ู† ุฃุตูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุตู†ุนุฉ kidney
2832
+
2833
+ 709
2834
+ 00:55:43,300 --> 00:55:48,500
2835
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ arena failure ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ craft
2836
+
2837
+ 710
2838
+ 00:55:48,500 --> 00:55:58,540
2839
+ survival ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนู† 85% ุนู† ุณู†ุฉ ุญุชู‰ ูˆุฅู† ูƒุงู† unrelated
2840
+
2841
+ 711
2842
+ 00:55:58,540 --> 00:56:05,920
2843
+ matching is presentุทุจุนุง ู…ุด ุณู†ุฉ ุงู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ููŠ
2844
+
2845
+ 712
2846
+ 00:56:05,920 --> 00:56:10,680
2847
+ ุงู„ kidney ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ูˆุตู„ by using immunosuppressive
2848
+
2849
+ 713
2850
+ 00:56:10,680 --> 00:56:16,500
2851
+ regimen ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงุฎุฑ ุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุงุจุญุงุซ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุนุดุฑูŠู†
2852
+
2853
+ 714
2854
+ 00:56:16,500 --> 00:56:20,740
2855
+ ูˆุฎู…ุณ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ liver ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุงุทูˆู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„
2856
+
2857
+ 715
2858
+ 00:56:20,740 --> 00:56:25,320
2859
+ biliary atresia successful in about two third of
2860
+
2861
+ 716
2862
+ 00:56:25,320 --> 00:56:30,320
2863
+ recipient for one year heart ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ cardiac
2864
+
2865
+ 717
2866
+ 00:56:30,320 --> 00:56:36,750
2867
+ failuresurvival rate ุชูˆุตู„ ุงู„ู‰ 80% for one year ุงู„
2868
+
2869
+ 718
2870
+ 00:56:36,750 --> 00:56:39,530
2871
+ lung ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ advanced pulmonary or
2872
+
2873
+ 719
2874
+ 00:56:39,530 --> 00:56:45,050
2875
+ cardiopulmonary diseases ูˆ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจุณุฑุนุฉ
2876
+
2877
+ 720
2878
+ 00:56:45,050 --> 00:56:47,050
2879
+ transplantation together with heart
2880
+
2881
+ 721
2882
+ 00:56:47,050 --> 00:56:51,390
2883
+ transplantation ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุฑูˆุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ incurable
2884
+
2885
+ 722
2886
+ 00:56:51,390 --> 00:56:56,190
2887
+ ู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ู„ูŠู†ููˆู…ุฉ congenital immunodeficiency ูˆ risk
2888
+
2889
+ 723
2890
+ 00:56:56,190 --> 00:57:01,180
2891
+ of graft versus host diseasetransplantation of a
2892
+
2893
+ 724
2894
+ 00:57:01,180 --> 00:57:04,180
2895
+ hemopoietic cell has been used ุนุดุงู† ูŠุฎููู‡ ู…ู†
2896
+
2897
+ 725
2898
+ 00:57:04,180 --> 00:57:07,860
2899
+ ุงู„ุดุฑุณูƒูˆูุฌุฑุงูุช versus his disease ุจุฏูˆุง ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง
2900
+
2901
+ 726
2902
+ 00:57:07,860 --> 00:57:12,940
2903
+ hemopoietic stem cell ู…ุด ุจูˆู„ู…ุงุฑูˆ ูƒูˆุฑู†ูŠุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
2904
+
2905
+ 727
2906
+ 00:57:12,940 --> 00:57:18,060
2907
+ blindness actually matching is not advantageous ู…ุด
2908
+
2909
+ 728
2910
+ 00:57:18,060 --> 00:57:24,900
2911
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑู†ูŠุง ุงูˆ ุงู„ eye is privileged
2912
+
2913
+ 729
2914
+ 00:57:24,900 --> 00:57:29,370
2915
+ side immunoprivileged sideูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงููŠู†ูŠ
2916
+
2917
+ 730
2918
+ 00:57:29,370 --> 00:57:34,610
2919
+ lymphatic drainage pancreas ููŠ ุนู„ุงุช ุงู„ diabetes
2920
+
2921
+ 731
2922
+ 00:57:34,610 --> 00:57:38,770
2923
+ mellitus pancreas and kidney transplantation
2924
+
2925
+ 732
2926
+ 00:57:38,770 --> 00:57:47,710
2927
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ success rate ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุจุชุฌุฑุจ ู…ู†
2928
+
2929
+ 733
2930
+ 00:57:47,710 --> 00:57:53,490
2931
+ ุงู„ kidney transplant ูˆุจู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุงู† ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„
2932
+
2933
+ 734
2934
+ 00:57:53,490 --> 00:57:57,710
2935
+ kidney transplant ุงู„ transplantationูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุฑุฌูˆ ุฃู†
2936
+
2937
+ 735
2938
+ 00:57:57,710 --> 00:58:03,630
2939
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูุฏุชูƒู… ูˆ ุงุณุชู…ุชุนุชู… ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูˆ ุดูƒุฑุง
2940
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYQ8nzyth9nyErvTJtUFKlo/XhNdT_-rbsc.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2250 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:02,020 --> 00:00:06,140
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ูˆุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:06,140 --> 00:00:11,320
7
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:11,320 --> 00:00:20,940
11
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠู†ูŠูƒูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ูˆูŠุจุฏุฃ ุจุฃูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:20,940 --> 00:00:26,140
15
+ hypersensitivity reaction ุงู„ู€ hypersensitivity
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:26,140 --> 00:00:30,540
19
+ ุชุนุฑูŠูุง ู‡ูŠ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง over reactivity ู„ู„
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:30,540 --> 00:00:38,740
23
+ immune response ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ deleterious ุจู…ุนู†ู‰
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:38,740 --> 00:00:45,420
27
+ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฐูŠุฉ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ุธุงู… ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
28
+ 8
29
+ 00:00:45,420 --> 00:00:47,260
30
+ ุงู„ู€ immune response
31
+
32
+ 9
33
+ 00:00:49,670 --> 00:00:58,770
34
+ ู…ู† ู…ุถุงุนูุงุชู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ damage ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
35
+
36
+ 10
37
+ 00:00:58,770 --> 00:01:03,990
38
+ pain ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ inflammatory signs ุจูŠุนุงู†ูŠ
39
+
40
+ 11
41
+ 00:01:03,990 --> 00:01:13,990
42
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€ hypersensitivity ู‡ู… ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
43
+
44
+ 12
45
+ 00:01:13,990 --> 00:01:21,230
46
+ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุณู…ูˆู‡ู… ุฃูุนุทูˆู‡ู… ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… type 1 ูˆtype 2 ูˆtype 3
47
+
48
+ 13
49
+ 00:01:21,230 --> 00:01:26,870
50
+ ูˆtype 4 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุฑูู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ two scientists ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุณู…ู‡
51
+
52
+ 14
53
+ 00:01:26,870 --> 00:01:33,330
54
+ ูƒูˆู…ุณ ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุฌูŠู„ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุณู…ูˆู‡ immediate
55
+
56
+ 15
57
+ 00:01:33,330 --> 00:01:40,050
58
+ hypersensitivity allergy ูˆู‡ูˆ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ IgE mediated
59
+
60
+ 16
61
+ 00:01:40,050 --> 00:01:46,930
62
+ reaction ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู† ููŠ antibody mediated the reaction
63
+
64
+ 17
65
+ 00:01:46,930 --> 00:01:52,590
66
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู†ุชูŠุจูˆุฏูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† IgE Antibody It's
67
+
68
+ 18
69
+ 00:01:52,590 --> 00:01:58,230
70
+ stimulated the reaction is stimulated by the IgE
71
+
72
+ 19
73
+ 00:01:58,230 --> 00:02:05,650
74
+ ูŠูˆู… ูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุฑุณูŠุจุชูˆุฑ ุชุจุนู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู…ุงุณุช ุณูŠู„ ูˆุงู„ุจูŠุฒูˆููŠู„
75
+
76
+ 20
77
+ 00:02:05,650 --> 00:02:10,450
78
+ ูˆุงู„ุฑูŠุณูŠุจุชูˆุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† FC ุงุฑุชุจุงุทู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ FC
79
+
80
+ 21
81
+ 00:02:10,450 --> 00:02:13,430
82
+ portion of
83
+
84
+ 22
85
+ 00:02:16,350 --> 00:02:21,650
86
+ antibody ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุชูˆุจ ุจูŠุธู„ ุงู„ูุงุจ ูˆุงู„ู€ receptor
87
+
88
+ 23
89
+ 00:02:21,650 --> 00:02:28,250
90
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ FC epsilon R1 once
91
+
92
+ 24
93
+ 00:02:28,250 --> 00:02:34,650
94
+ cross linked okay ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ู€ antigen ุตุงุฑูˆุง cross
95
+
96
+ 25
97
+ 00:02:34,650 --> 00:02:38,790
98
+ linking two antigen two antibody are cross linked
99
+
100
+ 26
101
+ 00:02:38,790 --> 00:02:44,560
102
+ with the same antigen ุงู„ู€ IgE ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุชุญุฐูŠุฑ ู„ู„ู…ุงุณุช ุณูŠู„
103
+
104
+ 27
105
+ 00:02:44,560 --> 00:02:47,400
106
+ ูˆุงู„ุจูŠุฒูˆููŠู„ ู„ุชุญุฐูŠุฑู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฏูŠุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠ ู„ุชุญุฐูŠุฑู‡ ุจุดูƒู„
107
+
108
+ 28
109
+ 00:02:47,400 --> 00:02:47,740
110
+ ุฏูŠุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠ ู„ุชุญุฐูŠุฑู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฏูŠุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠ ู„ุชุญุฐูŠุฑู‡
111
+
112
+ 29
113
+ 00:02:47,740 --> 00:02:49,760
114
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฏูŠุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠ ู„ุชุญุฐูŠุฑู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฏูŠุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠ
115
+
116
+ 30
117
+ 00:02:49,760 --> 00:02:52,220
118
+ ู„ุชุญุฐูŠุฑู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฏูŠุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠ ู„ุชุญุฐูŠุฑู‡ ุจุดูƒู„
119
+
120
+ 31
121
+ 00:02:52,220 --> 00:02:52,260
122
+ ุฏูŠุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠ ู„ุชุญุฐูŠุฑู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฏูŠุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠ ู„ุชุญุฐูŠุฑู‡
123
+
124
+ 32
125
+ 00:02:52,260 --> 00:02:55,420
126
+ ุจุดูƒู„
127
+
128
+ 33
129
+ 00:02:55,420 --> 00:02:59,420
130
+ ุฏูŠุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠ ู„ุชุญุฐูŠุฑู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฏูŠุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠ ู„ุชุญุฐูŠุฑู‡
131
+
132
+ 34
133
+ 00:02:59,420 --> 00:03:05,980
134
+ ุจุดูƒู„
135
+
136
+ 35
137
+ 00:03:05,980 --> 00:03:16,560
138
+ ุฏูŠุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠ be away from protection ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฏุฎู„
139
+
140
+ 36
141
+ 00:03:16,560 --> 00:03:23,260
142
+ ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฎุงุทุฑุฉ reaction usually is rapid ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
143
+
144
+ 37
145
+ 00:03:23,260 --> 00:03:27,700
146
+ within minutes after challenge ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ after the
147
+
148
+ 38
149
+ 00:03:27,700 --> 00:03:35,680
150
+ exposure to the antigen type two ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ cytolytic or
151
+
152
+ 39
153
+ 00:03:35,680 --> 00:03:41,980
154
+ cytotoxic reaction or cure ูˆู‡ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุฃูŠุถุง antibody
155
+
156
+ 40
157
+ 00:03:41,980 --> 00:03:46,420
158
+ mediated ูŠูˆู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ IGM ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ IGE ูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู†ุชุฌู†
159
+
160
+ 41
161
+ 00:03:46,420 --> 00:03:49,980
162
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู†ุดุท ู„ู†ุง complement ูˆุงู„ู€
163
+
164
+ 42
165
+ 00:03:49,980 --> 00:03:56,780
166
+ complement ุจุชูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชู†ุดุทุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง type 3
167
+
168
+ 43
169
+ 00:03:56,780 --> 00:04:03,280
170
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ immune complex formation ุจู…ุนู†ู‰
171
+
172
+ 44
173
+ 00:04:03,280 --> 00:04:07,980
174
+ Immune Complex Reaction ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูˆุจุชุชุฌู…ุน ุงู„ู€ Immune
175
+
176
+ 45
177
+ 00:04:07,980 --> 00:04:12,120
178
+ ุจุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุทุจุนุง ูˆุงู„ู€ IGM ูˆุงู„ู€ IGG ุฃูŠุถุง Antibody
179
+
180
+ 46
181
+ 00:04:12,120 --> 00:04:17,440
182
+ Mediated ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชุฌู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Complexes in
183
+
184
+ 47
185
+ 00:04:17,440 --> 00:04:21,980
186
+ circulation or in tissue ูˆุจุฑุถู‡ ุจู†ุดุทู‡ ุงู„ู€ complement
187
+
188
+ 48
189
+ 00:04:21,980 --> 00:04:28,040
190
+ ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ู€ Granulocyte ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ is recruited is
191
+
192
+ 49
193
+ 00:04:28,040 --> 00:04:30,860
194
+ attracted to the site of vaccination ุฃูˆ of
195
+
196
+ 50
197
+ 00:04:30,860 --> 00:04:36,090
198
+ activation ูˆู‡ูŠ ุฃูŠุถุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ damage of tissue by
199
+
200
+ 51
201
+ 00:04:36,090 --> 00:04:40,590
202
+ the enzyme from granulocytes and this also occur
203
+
204
+ 52
205
+ 00:04:40,590 --> 00:04:48,390
206
+ within hours from challenge with antigen ู†ูˆุน
207
+
208
+ 53
209
+ 00:04:48,390 --> 00:04:53,810
210
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน cell mediated ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠูŠู† ู‡ู…
211
+
212
+ 54
213
+ 00:04:53,810 --> 00:04:57,310
214
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† antibody mediated ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
215
+
216
+ 55
217
+ 00:04:57,310 --> 00:05:01,800
218
+ ุนู† cell mediated immunity ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ delete
219
+
220
+ 56
221
+ 00:05:01,800 --> 00:05:08,820
222
+ type hypersensitivity reaction ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ู†ุดุงุท ู„ู€ CD4
223
+
224
+ 57
225
+ 00:05:08,820 --> 00:05:16,480
226
+ T-Helper cell ูˆ CD8 cytotoxic cell ุฃูŠุถุง ู„ู…ุง ุชุชู†ุดุท
227
+
228
+ 58
229
+ 00:05:16,480 --> 00:05:21,000
230
+ ุงู„ู€ CD4 T-Helper cell ุจุชู†ุดุท ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ different
231
+
232
+ 59
233
+ 00:05:21,000 --> 00:05:25,580
234
+ cytokine which recruit and activate macrophage
235
+
236
+ 60
237
+ 00:05:25,580 --> 00:05:29,320
238
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ macrophage ุจูŠุนู…ู„ damage ุฃูŠุถุง
239
+
240
+ 61
241
+ 00:05:32,950 --> 00:05:37,170
242
+ Tissue ุจุณ ุงู„ู€ reaction ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ within days or weeks
243
+
244
+ 62
245
+ 00:05:37,170 --> 00:05:41,010
246
+ after challenge with antigen ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุทู„ู‚
247
+
248
+ 63
249
+ 00:05:41,010 --> 00:05:46,950
250
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง delayed type hypersensitivity reaction ู†ุจุฏุฃ
251
+
252
+ 64
253
+ 00:05:46,950 --> 00:05:49,850
254
+ ุจุฃูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ูˆู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠ type one
255
+
256
+ 65
257
+ 00:05:49,850 --> 00:05:55,350
258
+ hypersensitivity reaction ูˆู†ุญูƒูŠ ุจุงู„ู€ phases of
259
+
260
+ 66
261
+ 00:05:55,350 --> 00:06:00,010
262
+ allergic reaction ูŠุนู†ูŠ this reaction usually have
263
+
264
+ 67
265
+ 00:06:00,010 --> 00:06:03,230
266
+ three phases ุงู„ู€ phase ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
267
+
268
+ 68
269
+ 00:06:03,230 --> 00:06:08,450
270
+ sensitization phase sensitization phase ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡
271
+
272
+ 69
273
+ 00:06:08,450 --> 00:06:14,930
274
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ IgE ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ IgE in response to antigenic
275
+
276
+ 70
277
+ 00:06:14,930 --> 00:06:18,950
278
+ stimulus ูˆุงุฑุชุจุท ููŠ ุงู„ู€ receptor ุชุจุนู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู…ุงุณุช ุณูŠู„
279
+
280
+ 71
281
+ 00:06:18,950 --> 00:06:25,030
282
+ ูˆุงู„ุจูŠุฒูˆููŠู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูู‚ุท ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ IgE ุงู„ู€ antibody ูˆุฌุงุนุฏ
283
+
284
+ 72
285
+ 00:06:25,030 --> 00:06:30,610
286
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุทู‡ ุจุงู„ู€ receptor ุชุจุนู‡
287
+
288
+ 73
289
+ 00:06:32,190 --> 00:06:37,710
290
+ ุงู„ูุงุฒ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ activation phase ุทุจุนุง upon
291
+
292
+ 74
293
+ 00:06:37,710 --> 00:06:43,390
294
+ the exposure to the same antigen it will trigger
295
+
296
+ 75
297
+ 00:06:43,390 --> 00:06:48,030
298
+ ูˆุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ู€ antibody ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ antigen it will
299
+
300
+ 76
301
+ 00:06:48,030 --> 00:06:54,830
302
+ trigger mast cell and basophil to respond ูˆุงู„ู€ the
303
+
304
+ 77
305
+ 00:06:54,830 --> 00:06:59,230
306
+ response ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ they degranulate they release
307
+
308
+ 78
309
+ 00:06:59,230 --> 00:07:04,350
310
+ their granules ุงู„ู€ Phase ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Effect of
311
+
312
+ 79
313
+ 00:07:04,350 --> 00:07:07,910
314
+ Phase ูˆู‡ูˆ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ Granules ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ Complex
315
+
316
+ 80
317
+ 00:07:07,910 --> 00:07:14,050
318
+ Response ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Granules
319
+
320
+ 81
321
+ 00:07:14,050 --> 00:07:19,150
322
+ ุจุชุทู„ุน ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู‡ Effect ู…ุนูŠู† ูุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
323
+
324
+ 82
325
+ 00:07:19,150 --> 00:07:22,950
326
+ Complex Response ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ... ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ Many
327
+
328
+ 83
329
+ 00:07:22,950 --> 00:07:28,850
330
+ Inflammatory Reactions ุจุณุจุจ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†
331
+
332
+ 84
333
+ 00:07:28,850 --> 00:07:35,650
334
+ ุงู„ู€ inflammatory mediators ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุงุณุช ุณูŠู„ ูˆุจูŠุฒูˆููŠู„ ุทุจุนุง
335
+
336
+ 85
337
+ 00:07:35,650 --> 00:07:41,570
338
+ ู…ุง ุญุตู„ุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ูˆุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุจุชุธู‡ุฑ
339
+
340
+ 86
341
+ 00:07:41,570 --> 00:07:49,200
342
+ ุจุฅูƒุฒูŠู…ุฉ ูˆุฃุฒู…ุฉ ูˆุฑูŠู†ูŠุชุณ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุทูŠุจ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
343
+
344
+ 87
345
+ 00:07:49,200 --> 00:07:52,220
346
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ sensitization phaseุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ immunoglobulin
347
+
348
+ 88
349
+ 00:07:52,220 --> 00:07:56,500
350
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ allergic reaction ูˆุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡
351
+
352
+ 89
353
+ 00:07:56,500 --> 00:08:04,520
354
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ IGA it occurs usually by
355
+
356
+ 90
357
+ 00:08:04,520 --> 00:08:09,680
358
+ any means of contact ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง skin contact or
359
+
360
+ 91
361
+ 00:08:09,680 --> 00:08:13,560
362
+ through injection or through injection of and
363
+
364
+ 92
365
+ 00:08:13,560 --> 00:08:21,080
366
+ inhalation to the antigen ููŠ ู…ุตุทู„ุญูŠู† ุจูŠุตุงุญุจูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡
367
+
368
+ 93
369
+ 00:08:21,080 --> 00:08:27,340
370
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ hay fever ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู†ู‚ุตุฏ ููŠู‡
371
+
372
+ 94
373
+ 00:08:27,340 --> 00:08:34,700
374
+ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุฌุงุก from airborne allergen ุฃูˆ source ุงู„
375
+
376
+ 95
377
+ 00:08:34,700 --> 00:08:41,760
378
+ atopy ุฃูŠุถุง ุจูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ IGE related
379
+
380
+ 96
381
+ 00:08:41,760 --> 00:08:43,640
382
+ hypersensitivity reaction
383
+
384
+ 97
385
+ 00:08:47,060 --> 00:08:52,000
386
+ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ reaction
387
+
388
+ 98
389
+ 00:08:52,000 --> 00:09:00,020
390
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… atopic patient atopic patient ุงู„
391
+
392
+ 99
393
+ 00:09:00,020 --> 00:09:07,140
394
+ RGE response are genetically controlled ูˆุงู„ุฌูŠู†
395
+
396
+ 100
397
+ 00:09:07,140 --> 00:09:11,760
398
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠู€ control the IGE antibody ู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† MHC
399
+
400
+ 101
401
+ 00:09:11,760 --> 00:09:16,120
402
+ linked gene ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุณูˆู… ุฑู‚ู… 6 ุฃูŠุถุง
403
+
404
+ 102
405
+ 00:09:16,120 --> 00:09:20,100
406
+ control ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
407
+
408
+ 103
409
+ 00:09:20,100 --> 00:09:24,400
410
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ other regulatory gene ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ
411
+
412
+ 104
413
+ 00:09:24,400 --> 00:09:28,520
414
+ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ FCE receptor ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุณูˆู… ุฑู‚ู…
415
+
416
+ 105
417
+ 00:09:28,520 --> 00:09:34,640
418
+ 2 ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† for T ู„ู„ุจุฑุชูˆูƒูˆู„ and
419
+
420
+ 106
421
+ 00:09:34,640 --> 00:09:39,380
422
+ IL4 gene ูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุณูˆู… ุฑู‚ู… 5
423
+
424
+ 107
425
+ 00:09:40,600 --> 00:09:45,920
426
+ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฉ ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠูุฑู‚ ุขูŠุฉ 3 ุฃูˆ
427
+
428
+ 108
429
+ 00:09:45,920 --> 00:09:49,500
430
+ 4 ุฃูˆ 5 ุฃูˆ 9 ุฃูˆ 13 ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
431
+
432
+ 109
433
+ 00:09:49,500 --> 00:09:54,020
434
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุทุจุนุง over expression of these
435
+
436
+ 110
437
+ 00:09:54,020 --> 00:10:04,260
438
+ genes ุจูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
439
+
440
+ 111
441
+ 00:10:04,260 --> 00:10:09,440
442
+ IGE antibody production ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ response
443
+
444
+ 112
445
+ 00:10:09,440 --> 00:10:14,210
446
+ dependent ูˆุจู…ุง ุฃู†ู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ T helper 2 ูŠุจู‚ู‰
447
+
448
+ 113
449
+ 00:10:14,210 --> 00:10:19,150
450
+ IL4 ูˆIL13 ุณุงุนุชู‡ ูƒุงู† ุจูŠู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
451
+
452
+ 114
453
+ 00:10:19,150 --> 00:10:25,770
454
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ููŠ ุชู†ุดูŠุท T helper 2 ูˆู„ูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุง Anti-IL
455
+
456
+ 115
457
+ 00:10:25,770 --> 00:10:33,370
458
+ -4 Antibody it will mimic and inhibit the IgE
459
+
460
+ 116
461
+ 00:10:33,370 --> 00:10:37,230
462
+ production ุฃูŠุถุง
463
+
464
+ 117
465
+ 00:10:38,850 --> 00:10:43,870
466
+ ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ concentration of IL-4 ุฃูˆ level of IL-4
467
+
468
+ 118
469
+ 00:10:43,870 --> 00:10:49,350
470
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต is higher than non allergic one
471
+
472
+ 119
473
+ 00:10:49,350 --> 00:10:54,950
474
+ ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ู€ IGE level are also higher than the first
475
+
476
+ 120
477
+ 00:10:54,950 --> 00:11:04,190
478
+ group ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ IL-4 IL-13 group ุทุจุนุง
479
+
480
+ 121
481
+ 00:11:04,190 --> 00:11:06,050
482
+ once exposure to the allergen
483
+
484
+ 122
485
+ 00:11:09,990 --> 00:11:21,270
486
+ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุฉุŒ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู…ุณุชุดุนุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€
487
+
488
+ 123
489
+ 00:11:21,270 --> 00:11:27,210
490
+ IgEุŒ ุนููˆุงุŒ ุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ AllergenุŒ ุงู„ู€ IgE ุจุชูƒูˆู†
491
+
492
+ 124
493
+ 00:11:27,210 --> 00:11:31,470
494
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุทู‡ ุจุงู„ู€
495
+
496
+ 125
497
+ 00:11:31,470 --> 00:11:36,760
498
+ Receptor ุชุจุนู‡.ุงู„ู…ุงุณุช ุณูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุฌูŠุจู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ blood
499
+
500
+ 126
501
+ 00:11:36,760 --> 00:11:39,680
502
+ vessels around the blood vessels in the connective
503
+
504
+ 127
505
+ 00:11:39,680 --> 00:11:45,940
506
+ tissue ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ lining the gut and in the lung
507
+
508
+ 128
509
+ 00:11:45,940 --> 00:11:49,620
510
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ุญุณุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชุฃุซุฑ ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
511
+
512
+ 129
513
+ 00:11:49,620 --> 00:11:56,620
514
+ damage through the hypersensitivity reaction both
515
+
516
+ 130
517
+ 00:11:56,620 --> 00:12:00,540
518
+ muscle and basophil have the receptor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
519
+
520
+ 131
521
+ 00:12:00,540 --> 00:12:05,220
522
+ Fc epsilon receptor one which points to IgE ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
523
+
524
+ 132
525
+ 00:12:05,220 --> 00:12:10,380
526
+ ุงู„ู€ Fc portion ู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
527
+
528
+ 133
529
+ 00:12:10,380 --> 00:12:16,280
530
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Fab region and it will remain sensitized these
531
+
532
+ 134
533
+ 00:12:16,280 --> 00:12:21,780
534
+ cells will remain sensitized and their activation
535
+
536
+ 135
537
+ 00:12:21,780 --> 00:12:28,080
538
+ occurs when antigen comes in contact with them ูู‚ุท
539
+
540
+ 136
541
+ 00:12:28,080 --> 00:12:32,070
542
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ุชุนุฑุถ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ
543
+
544
+ 137
545
+ 00:12:32,070 --> 00:12:36,510
546
+ ู„ู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ูู‚ุท ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ antibody ูˆุจูŠู‚ุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ
547
+
548
+ 138
549
+ 00:12:36,510 --> 00:12:40,490
550
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆ ุจู†ุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ sensitized upon second
551
+
552
+ 139
553
+ 00:12:40,490 --> 00:12:43,910
554
+ exposure to the same antigen ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ antibody
555
+
556
+ 140
557
+ 00:12:43,910 --> 00:12:48,270
558
+ ุฌุงู‡ุฒ ุจูŠุณุชู†ู‰ ุงู„ู€ antigen ูˆู„ู…ุง ูŠุญุตู„ cross linking
559
+
560
+ 141
561
+ 00:12:48,270 --> 00:12:49,410
562
+ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ activation
563
+
564
+ 142
565
+ 00:12:52,370 --> 00:12:55,710
566
+ ุงู„ู€ Passive Sensitization is achieved by
567
+
568
+ 143
569
+ 00:12:55,710 --> 00:12:58,530
570
+ transferring ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุญุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู…ู†
571
+
572
+ 144
573
+ 00:12:58,530 --> 00:13:03,590
574
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฎุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ Serum ูˆุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
575
+
576
+ 145
577
+ 00:13:03,590 --> 00:13:11,890
578
+ IgA Antibody to specific antigen ุจูŠุณู…ูˆ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
579
+
580
+ 146
581
+ 00:13:11,890 --> 00:13:18,330
582
+ Passive Sensitization ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ Prausnitz
583
+
584
+ 147
585
+ 00:13:18,330 --> 00:13:24,760
586
+ Kรผstner Testุงู„ุฐูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ู€ antibody
587
+
588
+ 148
589
+ 00:13:24,760 --> 00:13:28,700
590
+ responsible for anaphylactic reaction ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡
591
+
592
+ 149
593
+ 00:13:28,700 --> 00:13:35,180
594
+ ุญุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู€ PKA test ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Prausnitz Kรผstner
595
+
596
+ 150
597
+ 00:13:35,180 --> 00:13:42,660
598
+ Test ุจู†ุดูˆู ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ antibody which can
599
+
600
+ 151
601
+ 00:13:42,660 --> 00:13:48,120
602
+ cause anaphylactic reaction or not ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ูƒู…
603
+
604
+ 152
605
+ 00:13:48,120 --> 00:13:52,050
606
+ ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ู€ TBreaction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ wheel
607
+
608
+ 153
609
+ 00:13:52,050 --> 00:13:58,290
610
+ and flare reaction ููŠ ุงู„ู€ skin ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
611
+
612
+ 154
613
+ 00:13:58,290 --> 00:14:05,350
614
+ ุงู„ูุญุต ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ allergy for x antigen
615
+
616
+ 155
617
+ 00:14:05,350 --> 00:14:09,830
618
+ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ
619
+
620
+ 156
621
+ 00:14:09,830 --> 00:14:14,850
622
+ ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ serum ูˆ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ injection into non allergic
623
+
624
+ 157
625
+ 00:14:14,850 --> 00:14:21,160
626
+ person ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ antibody ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน IgE ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู†
627
+
628
+ 158
629
+ 00:14:21,160 --> 00:14:29,140
630
+ ุจุฅุฏุฎุงู„ mast cell ูˆbasophil ุทุจุนุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃู†ุชุฌุช ุจู€ antigen X
631
+
632
+ 159
633
+ 00:14:29,140 --> 00:14:35,120
634
+ ุณูŠุณุจุจ ููŠู‡ุง ุชูุงุนู„ ุงุฑุชูƒุงุฑูŠุงู„ ุทุจุนุง
635
+
636
+ 160
637
+ 00:14:35,120 --> 00:14:40,180
638
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ู‡ูŠ ุญูŠุซ ุงู† ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู† ู…ุณุชุดุนุฑ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุณุชุดุนุฑ
639
+
640
+ 161
641
+ 00:14:40,180 --> 00:14:46,660
642
+ ู…ุณุชุดุนุฑ
643
+
644
+ 162
645
+ 00:14:47,880 --> 00:14:52,440
646
+ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ passive cutaneous anaphylaxis
647
+
648
+ 163
649
+ 00:14:52,440 --> 00:14:57,240
650
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ skin ู‡ูˆ ุฏู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุญู‚ุง ุชุญุช ุงู„ู€ skin
651
+
652
+ 164
653
+ 00:14:57,240 --> 00:15:00,760
654
+ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ skin with and flare reaction
655
+
656
+ 165
657
+ 00:15:00,760 --> 00:15:08,600
658
+ ูˆุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง passive cutaneous anaphylaxis ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
659
+
660
+ 166
661
+ 00:15:08,600 --> 00:15:14,700
662
+ activation ุฒูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุฏูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† mast cell ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡
663
+
664
+ 167
665
+ 00:15:14,700 --> 00:15:20,120
666
+ receptor ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ receptor for IgE FcEpsilon-R1
667
+
668
+ 168
669
+ 00:15:20,120 --> 00:15:27,480
670
+ Receptor ุงุฑุชุจุท ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ antibody IgE ูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠ
671
+
672
+ 169
673
+ 00:15:27,480 --> 00:15:33,000
674
+ ุงู„ู€ antibody ูŠูˆู… ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ antigen ูˆุตุงุฑ cross linking
675
+
676
+ 170
677
+ 00:15:33,000 --> 00:15:39,440
678
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุณูƒุชูˆุง antibody ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู†ุดุทุช ุงู„ู€ mast cell ูˆุนู…ู„ุช
679
+
680
+ 171
681
+ 00:15:39,440 --> 00:15:44,020
682
+ degranulation ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ degranulation occurs ุจูˆุถูˆุญ ููŠ
683
+
684
+ 172
685
+ 00:15:44,020 --> 00:15:44,620
686
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
687
+
688
+ 173
689
+ 00:15:49,130 --> 00:15:52,530
690
+ ุงู„ู€ activation phase of allergic reaction ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ by
691
+
692
+ 174
693
+ 00:15:52,530 --> 00:15:56,350
694
+ triggering the mast cell to release their content and
695
+
696
+ 175
697
+ 00:15:56,350 --> 00:16:02,550
698
+ inflammatory mediators in
699
+
700
+ 176
701
+ 00:16:02,550 --> 00:16:07,370
702
+ the medium ุฃูŠุถุง it occurs it requires to at least
703
+
704
+ 177
705
+ 00:16:07,370 --> 00:16:13,550
706
+ two of the receptors of the Fc region of IgE
707
+
708
+ 178
709
+ 00:16:13,550 --> 00:16:17,270
710
+ molecule to be bridged ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ูƒูˆุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡
711
+
712
+ 179
713
+ 00:16:17,270 --> 00:16:21,670
714
+ cross-linking between two receptors ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
715
+
716
+ 180
717
+ 00:16:21,670 --> 00:16:29,850
718
+ ุงุฑุชุจุงุทู‡ู… with one antigen ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉุŒ
719
+
720
+ 181
721
+ 00:16:29,850 --> 00:16:34,950
722
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุฅุซุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Degranulate ู‡ูˆ
723
+
724
+ 182
725
+ 00:16:34,950 --> 00:16:39,070
726
+ ุงู„ู€ Degranulation ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุงู„ู€ Inflammatory reaction
727
+
728
+ 183
729
+ 00:16:39,070 --> 00:16:43,150
730
+ ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ dose of antigen and route of entry
731
+
732
+ 184
733
+ 00:16:43,150 --> 00:16:50,690
734
+ route of entry ูƒูŠู ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ antigen ูุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ if
735
+
736
+ 185
737
+ 00:16:50,690 --> 00:16:54,530
738
+ it degranulates in the GIT ูŠุนู†ูŠ gastrointestinal
739
+
740
+ 186
741
+ 00:16:54,530 --> 00:16:59,670
742
+ tract it will cause fluid secretion and
743
+
744
+ 187
745
+ 00:16:59,670 --> 00:17:05,750
746
+ peristalsis to occur ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุฅุณู‡ุงู„ ูˆ vomiting
747
+
748
+ 188
749
+ 00:17:06,740 --> 00:17:12,080
750
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุญุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุฏุฎู„ุช ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฌุณุฏ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ู…ู…ูƒู†
751
+
752
+ 189
753
+ 00:17:12,080 --> 00:17:18,100
754
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅุณู‡ุงู„ ูˆ ู†ุชุฌ ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู‡ุถู…ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู†
755
+
756
+ 190
757
+ 00:17:18,100 --> 00:17:23,980
758
+ ูŠุชุฃุซุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ lung ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† by inhalation ู…ุงุดูŠ it
759
+
760
+ 191
761
+ 00:17:23,980 --> 00:17:30,020
762
+ decreases in airway diameter ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ blockage
763
+
764
+ 192
765
+ 00:17:30,020 --> 00:17:35,180
766
+ of the airways ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุถูŠู‚
767
+
768
+ 193
769
+ 00:17:36,000 --> 00:17:44,020
770
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ airways diameter ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุถูŠู‚ ููŠ
771
+
772
+ 194
773
+ 00:17:44,020 --> 00:17:48,980
774
+ ุงู„ุชู†ูุณ in blood vessels ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ vascular
775
+
776
+ 195
777
+ 00:17:48,980 --> 00:17:52,980
778
+ permeability ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡
779
+
780
+ 196
781
+ 00:17:52,980 --> 00:17:57,960
782
+ ุงู„ู€ reaction ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ symptoms ู…ุตุงุญุจุฉ ู„ุฅูŠู‡
783
+
784
+ 197
785
+ 00:18:00,580 --> 00:18:08,920
786
+ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ severity
787
+
788
+ 198
789
+ 00:18:08,920 --> 00:18:14,480
790
+ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ู€ dose ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
791
+
792
+ 199
793
+ 00:18:14,480 --> 00:18:22,720
794
+ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจูŠุจูŠู† ู„ู†ุง different ways ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
795
+
796
+ 200
797
+ 00:18:22,720 --> 00:18:26,980
798
+ mast cell ูˆ ุงู„ู€ basophil ุนู…ู„ุช degranulation ูุฒูŠ ู…ุง
799
+
800
+ 201
801
+ 00:18:26,980 --> 00:18:32,070
802
+ ุฅู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง mast cell already
803
+
804
+ 202
805
+ 00:18:32,070 --> 00:18:36,750
806
+ sensitized ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณู‡ุง antibody ูŠูˆู… ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ bridging
807
+
808
+ 203
809
+ 00:18:36,750 --> 00:18:41,270
810
+ between these two antibodies by even anti-IgE
811
+
812
+ 204
813
+ 00:18:41,270 --> 00:18:49,190
814
+ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ degranulation ุฃูŠุถุง ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
815
+
816
+ 205
817
+ 00:18:49,190 --> 00:18:53,930
818
+ cross linking ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุงู„ู€ actin ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
819
+
820
+ 206
821
+ 00:18:53,930 --> 00:18:59,750
822
+ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจู€ chemical substance ูˆู‡ู†ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท
823
+
824
+ 207
825
+ 00:18:59,750 --> 00:19:07,530
826
+ ุจู€ Anti-Receptor Antibody ุถุฏ ู…ูŠู‡ ุถุฏ ุงู„ู€ Receptor ุชุจุน
827
+
828
+ 208
829
+ 00:19:07,530 --> 00:19:16,630
830
+ ุงู„ู€ IgE-Epsilon ู‡ุฐู‡
831
+
832
+ 209
833
+ 00:19:16,630 --> 00:19:21,710
834
+ ุงู„ููŠุฌูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุช ุจูŠุจูŠู† ู„ู†ุง various types of cross
835
+
836
+ 210
837
+ 00:19:21,710 --> 00:19:25,950
838
+ linking which lead to mast cell degranulation
839
+
840
+ 211
841
+ 00:19:29,050 --> 00:19:32,970
842
+ ุฃูŠุถุง Calcium ionophore ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ calcium
843
+
844
+ 212
845
+ 00:19:32,970 --> 00:19:37,590
846
+ influx ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ degranulation
847
+
848
+ 213
849
+ 00:19:37,590 --> 00:19:44,990
850
+ ุงู„ู€ anaphylatoxins C3A ูˆ C5A ูˆ Drugs ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ codeine
851
+
852
+ 214
853
+ 00:19:44,990 --> 00:19:50,210
854
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ morphine ูˆุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ lectin ุฃูŠุถุง ูƒุงู† cross-linked
855
+
856
+ 215
857
+ 00:19:50,210 --> 00:19:58,850
858
+ IgE Fc receptor Receptor ุจูŠุณู…ู„ู‡ aggregation ูˆู‡ูˆ
859
+
860
+ 216
861
+ 00:19:58,850 --> 00:20:03,030
862
+ ุจูŠุบูŠุฑ ุดูƒู„ู‡ ูˆุจูŠุชุจู‘ุน
863
+
864
+ 217
865
+ 00:20:03,030 --> 00:20:08,070
866
+ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ changing membrane fluidity ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุญุตู„
867
+
868
+ 218
869
+ 00:20:08,070 --> 00:20:12,730
870
+ ุบุงู„ุจุง from methylation ุฃูˆ phospholipid ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
871
+
872
+ 219
873
+ 00:20:12,730 --> 00:20:15,670
874
+ ููŠ cell membrane ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ transient increase in
875
+
876
+ 220
877
+ 00:20:15,670 --> 00:20:19,670
878
+ cyclic AMP ู…ุทุจูˆุนุฉ
879
+
880
+ 221
881
+ 00:20:19,670 --> 00:20:24,810
882
+ ุจุงู„ูƒุงู„ุณูŠูˆู… influx ูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ slow down to the
883
+
884
+ 222
885
+ 00:20:25,280 --> 00:20:29,160
886
+ process of degranulation ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ activation of
887
+
888
+ 223
889
+ 00:20:29,160 --> 00:20:32,880
890
+ the adenylate cyclase ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cyclic AMP
891
+
892
+ 224
893
+ 00:20:32,880 --> 00:20:39,320
894
+ and cAMP can control the anaphylaxis
895
+
896
+ 225
897
+ 00:20:39,320 --> 00:20:50,340
898
+ ุทุจุนุง
899
+
900
+ 226
901
+ 00:20:50,340 --> 00:20:51,080
902
+ ุงู„ู€ degranulation
903
+
904
+ 227
905
+ 00:20:54,060 --> 00:20:59,800
906
+ Degranulated cells regenerate and synthesize the
907
+
908
+ 228
909
+ 00:20:59,800 --> 00:21:02,620
910
+ granules and resume their function ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุง ุฅุฐุง
911
+
912
+ 229
913
+ 00:21:02,620 --> 00:21:05,780
914
+ ูƒุงู† ุนู…ู„ Degranulation ุชุฑุฌุน ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู€ granules ู…ู†
915
+
916
+ 230
917
+ 00:21:05,780 --> 00:21:10,320
918
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจ .. it can resume their
919
+
920
+ 231
921
+ 00:21:10,320 --> 00:21:15,720
922
+ function easily Effector phase ุงู„ู€ symptoms of
923
+
924
+ 232
925
+ 00:21:15,720 --> 00:21:21,560
926
+ allergic reaction ุบุงู„ุจุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุตุงุญุจุฉ ุงู„ู€
927
+
928
+ 233
929
+ 00:21:21,560 --> 00:21:27,200
930
+ inflammatory mediators released ูˆุฌุงุจูˆุง ุฅู† ุงู„ู€
931
+
932
+ 234
933
+ 00:21:27,200 --> 00:21:30,460
934
+ inflammatory mediators ู‡ูŠ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ already
935
+
936
+ 235
937
+ 00:21:30,460 --> 00:21:35,680
938
+ preformed mediators ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ newly formed mediators
939
+
940
+ 236
941
+ 00:21:35,680 --> 00:21:40,960
942
+ ุฃูˆ mast cell mediators ูˆู‡ู†ุดูˆู ู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู… ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅู†ุชูˆุง
943
+
944
+ 237
945
+ 00:21:40,960 --> 00:21:50,890
946
+ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ mast cell ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ antigen
947
+
948
+ 238
949
+ 00:21:50,890 --> 00:21:56,210
950
+ ูˆ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ู€ cross linking ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ between
951
+
952
+ 239
953
+ 00:21:56,210 --> 00:22:04,510
954
+ receptors ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ antigen ุทุจุนุง ู…ุญุตู„ุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
955
+
956
+ 240
957
+ 00:22:04,510 --> 00:22:09,550
958
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ calcium influx ูˆุจูŠุชุจู‘ุน ุงู„ู€ calcium influx
959
+
960
+ 241
961
+ 00:22:09,550 --> 00:22:13,890
962
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ degranulation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ููŠ ู†ูˆุนูŠู†
963
+
964
+ 242
965
+ 00:22:13,890 --> 00:22:17,470
966
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ granules ูˆุงุญุฏ already preformed ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
967
+
968
+ 243
969
+ 00:22:17,470 --> 00:22:25,110
970
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ granules ุฌุงู‡ุฒ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ histamine ูˆุงู„ู€ heparin ูˆุงู„ู€
971
+
972
+ 244
973
+ 00:22:25,110 --> 00:22:32,230
974
+ proteases ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ECF-A ูˆ IL8 ูˆ
975
+
976
+ 245
977
+ 00:22:32,230 --> 00:22:37,850
978
+ other cytokines ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุณุชุนุฏุฉ ูˆู…ุณุชุนุฏุฉ
979
+
980
+ 246
981
+ 00:22:37,850 --> 00:22:42,690
982
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ ุฅุตู„ุงุญู‡ุง ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ ุฅุตู„ุงุญู‡ุง ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ
983
+
984
+ 247
985
+ 00:22:42,690 --> 00:22:46,170
986
+ ุฅุตู„ุงุญู‡ุง ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ ุฅุตู„ุงุญู‡ุง ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ
987
+
988
+ 248
989
+ 00:22:46,170 --> 00:22:46,650
990
+ ุฅุตู„ุงุญู‡ุง ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ ุฅุตู„ุงุญู‡ุง ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ
991
+
992
+ 249
993
+ 00:22:46,650 --> 00:22:46,910
994
+ ุฅุตู„ุงุญู‡ุง ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ ุฅุตู„ุงุญู‡ุง ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ
995
+
996
+ 250
997
+ 00:22:46,910 --> 00:22:47,070
998
+ ุฅุตู„ุงุญู‡ุง ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ ุฅุตู„ุงุญู‡ุง ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ
999
+
1000
+ 251
1001
+ 00:22:47,070 --> 00:22:50,350
1002
+ ุฅุตู„ุงุญู‡ุง ุจุฅู…ูƒ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู†ูƒ ุฅุตู„ุงุญู‡ุง ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ ุฅุตู„ุงุญู‡ุง ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ
1003
+
1004
+ 252
1005
+ 00:22:50,350 --> 00:22:56,330
1006
+ ุฅุตู„ุงุญู‡ุง ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ ุฅุตู„ุงุญู‡ุง ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ
1007
+
1008
+ 253
1009
+ 00:22:56,330 --> 00:23:04,520
1010
+ ุฅุตู„ุงุญู‡ุง ูˆุจุทู„ุนู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Arachidonic Acid ุฃูŠ ุงุชู†ุดุท
1011
+
1012
+ 254
1013
+ 00:23:04,520 --> 00:23:08,740
1014
+ ุงู„ููˆุณููˆู„ุงูŠ ุจูŠุฒ ุงู†ุฒุงูŠู… ูˆุจุทู„ุน ุงู„ู€ Arachidonic Acid
1015
+
1016
+ 255
1017
+ 00:23:08,740 --> 00:23:13,340
1018
+ from the membrane ู„ุจุช ูˆุงู„ู€ Arachidonic Acid ุจุฏูŠู†ุง
1019
+
1020
+ 256
1021
+ 00:23:13,340 --> 00:23:19,560
1022
+ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ product ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ Cyclooxygenase
1023
+
1024
+ 257
1025
+ 00:23:19,560 --> 00:23:25,060
1026
+ ุงู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุจุฏูŠ Prostaglandin ูˆ Thromboxane A2 ูˆููŠ ูˆู„ูˆุฏ
1027
+
1028
+ 258
1029
+ 00:23:25,060 --> 00:23:29,960
1030
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู†ูŠู‡ ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠูƒูˆุชุฑูŠู† ุจุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู‡ูŠ
1031
+
1032
+ 259
1033
+ 00:23:29,960 --> 00:23:35,440
1034
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠูƒูˆุชุฑูŠู† B ูˆC ูˆD ูˆE ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง slow release
1035
+
1036
+ 260
1037
+ 00:23:35,440 --> 00:23:41,000
1038
+ substance are released ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†
1039
+
1040
+ 261
1041
+ 00:23:41,000 --> 00:23:49,720
1042
+ ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ pain ูˆ ุงู„ู€ symptoms ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฏูŠูˆ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ
1043
+
1044
+ 262
1045
+ 00:23:49,720 --> 00:23:53,100
1046
+ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ
1047
+
1048
+ 263
1049
+ 00:23:53,100 --> 00:23:54,620
1050
+ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ
1051
+
1052
+ 264
1053
+ 00:23:54,620 --> 00:23:55,320
1054
+ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ
1055
+
1056
+ 265
1057
+ 00:23:55,320 --> 00:24:00,420
1058
+ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ
1059
+
1060
+ 266
1061
+ 00:24:00,420 --> 00:24:00,460
1062
+ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ
1063
+
1064
+ 267
1065
+ 00:24:00,460 --> 00:24:02,820
1066
+ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠุฉ
1067
+
1068
+ 268
1069
+ 00:24:06,250 --> 00:24:08,770
1070
+ ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู†
1071
+
1072
+ 269
1073
+ 00:24:08,770 --> 00:24:09,290
1074
+ ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู†
1075
+
1076
+ 270
1077
+ 00:24:09,290 --> 00:24:10,190
1078
+ ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู†
1079
+
1080
+ 271
1081
+ 00:24:10,190 --> 00:24:18,130
1082
+ ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู†
1083
+
1084
+ 272
1085
+ 00:24:18,130 --> 00:24:20,350
1086
+ ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู†
1087
+
1088
+ 273
1089
+ 00:24:20,350 --> 00:24:21,290
1090
+ ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู†
1091
+
1092
+ 274
1093
+ 00:24:21,290 --> 00:24:22,090
1094
+ ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู†
1095
+
1096
+ 275
1097
+ 00:24:22,090 --> 00:24:23,990
1098
+ ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู†
1099
+
1100
+ 276
1101
+ 00:24:23,990 --> 00:24:31,180
1102
+ ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑููˆุชูˆ
1103
+
1104
+ 277
1105
+ 00:24:31,180 --> 00:24:35,220
1106
+ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ุณุชุงู…ูŠู† ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุชูˆ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1107
+
1108
+ 278
1109
+ 00:24:35,220 --> 00:24:38,680
1110
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ H1 ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ smooth muscles
1111
+
1112
+ 279
1113
+ 00:24:38,680 --> 00:24:43,940
1114
+ ูˆุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ููŠู‡ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ู„ู€ construction and increase
1115
+
1116
+ 280
1117
+ 00:24:43,940 --> 00:24:49,040
1118
+ vascular permeability ุทุจุนุง construction of the
1119
+
1120
+ 281
1121
+ 00:24:49,040 --> 00:24:52,180
1122
+ smooth muscles ูˆู„ู…ุง ุจุชุดุฏ ุงู„ู€ smooth muscle ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1123
+
1124
+ 282
1125
+ 00:24:52,180 --> 00:24:57,520
1126
+ ููŠ vascular permeability ูˆุงู„ู€ H2 ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
1127
+
1128
+ 283
1129
+ 00:24:57,520 --> 00:25:07,500
1130
+ ุงู„ู€ mucus secretion ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ูˆุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1131
+
1132
+ 284
1133
+ 00:25:07,500 --> 00:25:13,160
1134
+ ุงู„ู‡ุณุชุงู…ูŠู† ููŠู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ Vascular permeability ูˆ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
1135
+
1136
+ 285
1137
+ 00:25:13,160 --> 00:25:20,700
1138
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ HCL ููŠ ุงู„ู€ stomach ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ mycosal cell of
1139
+
1140
+ 286
1141
+ 00:25:20,700 --> 00:25:23,300
1142
+ the stomach ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ parietal cell of AS of the
1143
+
1144
+ 287
1145
+ 00:25:23,300 --> 00:25:26,860
1146
+ stomach ุนุดุงู†
1147
+
1148
+ 288
1149
+ 00:25:26,860 --> 00:25:37,160
1150
+ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู† ู„ู…ุง ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุญู…ูˆุถุฉ
1151
+
1152
+ 289
1153
+ 00:25:37,160 --> 00:25:37,280
1154
+ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚
1155
+
1156
+ 290
1157
+ 00:25:37,280 --> 00:25:37,300
1158
+ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚
1159
+
1160
+ 291
1161
+ 00:25:37,300 --> 00:25:37,380
1162
+ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚
1163
+
1164
+ 292
1165
+ 00:25:37,380 --> 00:25:37,620
1166
+ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚
1167
+
1168
+ 293
1169
+ 00:25:37,620 --> 00:25:42,940
1170
+ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚
1171
+
1172
+ 294
1173
+ 00:25:42,940 --> 00:25:53,840
1174
+ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ู…ุฎู„
1175
+
1176
+ 295
1177
+ 00:25:55,250 --> 00:26:02,090
1178
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ H2 ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ู…ุบู„ู‚ ู…๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุณูŠู…ูŠุชุฏูŠู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ
1179
+
1180
+ 296
1181
+ 00:26:02,090 --> 00:26:05,690
1182
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ุงู†ุชูŠู‡ุณุชุงู…ูŠู†ูƒ
1183
+
1184
+ 297
1185
+ 00:26:05,690 --> 00:26:12,110
1186
+ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูุฑู‚ ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุณูุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุฌุฑุฏ
1187
+
1188
+ 298
1189
+ 00:26:12,110 --> 00:26:19,530
1190
+ ู…ุฏูŠุฑ ุงู†ูู„ุงู…ุงุชูˆุฑูŠ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุฒูŠู‡ ูˆุฒูŠ ุงู„ู‡ุณุชุงู…ูŠู† ุซู… ุงู„ู€
1191
+
1192
+ 299
1193
+ 00:26:19,530 --> 00:26:22,810
1194
+ cytokine ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1195
+
1196
+ 300
1197
+ 00:26:22,810 --> 00:26:29,090
1198
+ chemotactic factor ุฒูŠ DMCSF ูˆ ุงู„ู€ IL-5 ูˆ tumor
1199
+
1200
+ 301
1201
+ 00:26:29,090 --> 00:26:33,790
1202
+ necrosis factor Alpha ุซู… ุงู„ู€ xenophilic chemotactic
1203
+
1204
+ 302
1205
+ 00:26:33,790 --> 00:26:40,750
1206
+ factor ูˆ ุงู„ู€ platelet activating factor ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠูƒูˆุชุฑูŠู†
1207
+
1208
+ 303
1209
+ 00:26:42,310 --> 00:26:46,170
1210
+ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูˆุชุงูƒุณูŠ of polymorphic nuclear
1211
+
1212
+ 304
1213
+ 00:26:46,170 --> 00:26:50,670
1214
+ ู†ุชุฑูˆููŠู† ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† cytokine and
1215
+
1216
+ 305
1217
+ 00:26:50,670 --> 00:26:54,850
1218
+ chemotactic factor which are released ุฃูŠุถุง ุณูˆุงุก
1219
+
1220
+ 306
1221
+ 00:26:54,850 --> 00:26:59,070
1222
+ ูƒุงู†ุช performed on newly synthesized one ู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1223
+
1224
+ 307
1225
+ 00:26:59,070 --> 00:27:04,130
1226
+ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† acidic proteoglycan molecule
1227
+
1228
+ 308
1229
+ 00:27:04,130 --> 00:27:09,500
1230
+ ุฏูˆุฑู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุงู„ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠ ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ู€ coagulation ูˆู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ
1231
+
1232
+ 309
1233
+ 00:27:09,500 --> 00:27:14,080
1234
+ ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ูู„ุงูƒุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุงู„ู€ newly
1235
+
1236
+ 310
1237
+ 00:27:14,080 --> 00:27:19,860
1238
+ synthesized ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠูƒูˆุชุฑูŠู† ูˆู‡ุฐูŠู† ู‡ู… ู…ุชุงุจู„ุงุช ู…ู†
1239
+
1240
+ 311
1241
+ 00:27:19,860 --> 00:27:24,880
1242
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุฏู†ูƒ ุฃุณุฏ ุจุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠูƒูˆุชุฑูŠู† ุจูŠ ููˆุฑ ุณูŠ ููˆุฑ
1243
+
1244
+ 312
1245
+ 00:27:24,880 --> 00:27:30,200
1246
+ ุฏูŠ ููˆุฑ ุงูŠ ููˆุฑ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู„ุชุณุจุจ ููŠ
1247
+
1248
+ 313
1249
+ 00:27:30,200 --> 00:27:31,600
1250
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„
1251
+
1252
+ 314
1253
+ 00:27:31,600 --> 00:27:33,360
1254
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„
1255
+
1256
+ 315
1257
+ 00:27:33,360 --> 00:27:33,400
1258
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„
1259
+
1260
+ 316
1261
+ 00:27:33,400 --> 00:27:35,500
1262
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…
1263
+
1264
+ 317
1265
+ 00:27:36,090 --> 00:27:41,950
1266
+ ูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ู‡ูŠุณุชุงู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ
1267
+
1268
+ 318
1269
+ 00:27:41,950 --> 00:27:47,170
1270
+ ู‡ู…ุง ุจูŠุคุฏูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุฒู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุฎู„ู‚ู‡ุง ุนู„ุงุฌ
1271
+
1272
+ 319
1273
+ 00:27:47,170 --> 00:27:51,010
1274
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
1275
+
1276
+ 320
1277
+ 00:27:57,240 --> 00:27:58,700
1278
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ู‡ู… ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1279
+
1280
+ 321
1281
+ 00:27:58,700 --> 00:28:01,120
1282
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1283
+
1284
+ 322
1285
+ 00:28:01,120 --> 00:28:02,020
1286
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1287
+
1288
+ 323
1289
+ 00:28:02,020 --> 00:28:05,020
1290
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1291
+
1292
+ 324
1293
+ 00:28:05,020 --> 00:28:07,060
1294
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1295
+
1296
+ 325
1297
+ 00:28:07,060 --> 00:28:07,320
1298
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1299
+
1300
+ 326
1301
+ 00:28:07,320 --> 00:28:07,440
1302
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1303
+
1304
+ 327
1305
+ 00:28:07,440 --> 00:28:07,480
1306
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1307
+
1308
+ 328
1309
+ 00:28:26,370 --> 00:28:32,510
1310
+ ูˆ Vasodilator ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุฌุนู„ู‡ ูŠุดูƒูˆูƒ ุงู„ู€ Late
1311
+
1312
+ 329
1313
+ 00:28:32,510 --> 00:28:39,790
1314
+ phase reaction ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุฎู„ุงู„ 48 ุณุงุนุฉ ูˆูŠุณุชู…ุฑ
1315
+
1316
+ 330
1317
+ 00:28:39,790 --> 00:28:44,130
1318
+ ููŠ ุนุฏุฉ ุฃูŠุงู… ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
1319
+
1320
+ 331
1321
+ 00:28:44,130 --> 00:28:50,750
1322
+ ุงู„ู€ Mediators ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจู€ and their action ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1323
+
1324
+ 332
1325
+ 00:28:50,750 --> 00:28:54,530
1326
+ muscles ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ู‚ุงู…ุช with degranulation ูˆู‚ุฏุช
1327
+
1328
+ 333
1329
+ 00:28:54,530 --> 00:28:58,440
1330
+ ุงู„ุงุฑู„ูŠุฒ Ovestamine, Serotonin, Heparin, Thromboxyl
1331
+
1332
+ 334
1333
+ 00:28:58,440 --> 00:29:02,940
1334
+ -A2, Prostaglandin, Leucotrin, and Cytokine ุจุชุฃุซุฑ
1335
+
1336
+ 335
1337
+ 00:29:02,940 --> 00:29:05,460
1338
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ lymphocytes, macrophages, ุฒู†ูˆููŠู„
1339
+
1340
+ 336
1341
+ 00:29:05,460 --> 00:29:09,680
1342
+ ูˆู†ูŠุชุฑูˆููŠู„. ุงู†ุธุฑูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠุชุฃุซุฑ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง. ุนู†
1343
+
1344
+ 337
1345
+ 00:29:09,680 --> 00:29:13,800
1346
+ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆููŠู„ุŒ ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆููŠู„ ูƒูŠู…ูˆุชุงูƒุชูƒ ูุงูƒุชูˆุฑ ุฒูŠ R8
1347
+
1348
+ 338
1349
+ 00:29:13,800 --> 00:29:18,500
1350
+ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุญุตู„ุชู‡ ูƒูŠู…ูˆุชุงูƒุณูŠ ู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆููŠู„ ูˆูุงุฌูˆ ุณุงูŠุชูˆุณูŠุฒ
1351
+
1352
+ 339
1353
+ 00:29:18,500 --> 00:29:23,060
1354
+ ูˆุทุจุนุง ุฏูŠ ุฌุฑุงู†ูˆู„ูŠุด ู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆููŠู„ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู„ุงุฒูˆุฒุงูŠู…
1355
+
1356
+ 340
1357
+ 00:29:23,060 --> 00:29:27,230
1358
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒุงูŠู… ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠูƒูˆุชุฑูŠู†ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Plated Activating Factor
1359
+
1360
+ 341
1361
+ 00:29:27,230 --> 00:29:33,270
1362
+ ูˆุฏูˆู„ ู…ุญุตู„ุชู‡ู… ุชุดูˆ ุฏุงู…ุฌ ุซุฑู…ุจูˆูƒุณูŠู†
1363
+
1364
+ 342
1365
+ 00:29:33,270 --> 00:29:39,170
1366
+ A2 ูˆุณุงุนุชู‡ ูƒุงู† ุขูŠุฉ ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃุฑุจุน ุฎู…ุณ ูˆุซู„ุงุซุงุดุฑ ู…ุน
1367
+
1368
+ 343
1369
+ 00:29:39,170 --> 00:29:43,430
1370
+ ุงุฒูŠู†ูˆููŠู„ูŠูƒ ูุงูƒุชูˆุฑ ูƒูŠู…ูˆุชุงูƒุชูƒ ูุงูƒุชูˆุฑ ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ
1371
+
1372
+ 344
1373
+ 00:29:43,430 --> 00:29:50,390
1374
+ ุงู„ุงุฒูŠู†ูˆููŠู„ ูƒูŠู…ูˆุชุงูƒุณูŠ ูˆุงูŠุถุง activation of ุงุฒูŠู†ูˆููŠู„
1375
+
1376
+ 345
1377
+ 00:29:50,390 --> 00:29:55,280
1378
+ ูˆ degranulation ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุงุตู„ุฉ ู„ูŠูƒูˆุชุฑูŠู† ุจู„ุชู„ูŠุช ุงูƒุชูุงุช
1379
+
1380
+ 346
1381
+ 00:29:55,280 --> 00:30:01,680
1382
+ ูุงูƒุชูˆุฑ ู‡ุณุชุงู…ูŠู†ูŠุฒ ุงุฑูŠู„ ุณุงู„ููŠุฒ ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠุฌุฑ ุจุงุณูŠูƒ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†
1383
+
1384
+ 347
1385
+ 00:30:01,680 --> 00:30:10,080
1386
+ ู†ูŠุฑูˆ ุชูˆูƒุณู† ูˆู‡ูŠู„ ู…ุงู†ุซ ุชูˆูƒุณู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุตู„ุฉ ุชุดูˆ ุฏุงู…ุฌ ุทุจุนุง
1387
+
1388
+ 348
1389
+ 00:30:10,080 --> 00:30:15,900
1390
+ ุงู„ู€ both ุงูŠุฒูŠู†ูˆููŠู„ ูˆู†ูŠุชุฑูˆููŠู„ ุจูŠู‚ุฏูˆุง ุฃูˆ are brought
1391
+
1392
+ 349
1393
+ 00:30:15,900 --> 00:30:23,010
1394
+ into close contact with antibody coated antigen via
1395
+
1396
+ 350
1397
+ 00:30:23,010 --> 00:30:29,270
1398
+ Fc Receptor on these cells ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… Receptor ู„ู„ู€ Fc
1399
+
1400
+ 351
1401
+ 00:30:29,270 --> 00:30:34,410
1402
+ Epsilon Receptor ูˆูŠุชู†ุชู‡ูŠู† ุจูŠุฌูˆุง ูˆุจุชู†ุดุฑุทูˆุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
1403
+
1404
+ 352
1405
+ 00:30:34,410 --> 00:30:39,250
1406
+ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุงู„ู€ Receptors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ู… Release of
1407
+
1408
+ 353
1409
+ 00:30:39,250 --> 00:30:43,550
1410
+ cytokine ุฒูŠ 1,4,6 ูˆ Tumor Metabolosis Factor Beta
1411
+
1412
+ 354
1413
+ 00:30:43,550 --> 00:30:48,150
1414
+ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ infiltration of T and B
1415
+
1416
+ 355
1417
+ 00:30:48,150 --> 00:30:53,660
1418
+ lymphocyte and macrophage ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆู…ุญุตุฑุชู‡ุง
1419
+
1420
+ 356
1421
+ 00:30:53,660 --> 00:30:58,660
1422
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุชูˆุณุงูŠุชูˆูƒุงูŠู… ุฑูˆุฏุงูƒุช ูˆ Antibody production ูˆ
1423
+
1424
+ 357
1425
+ 00:30:58,660 --> 00:31:00,360
1426
+ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ
1427
+
1428
+ 358
1429
+ 00:31:00,360 --> 00:31:01,160
1430
+ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ
1431
+
1432
+ 359
1433
+ 00:31:01,160 --> 00:31:03,640
1434
+ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ
1435
+
1436
+ 360
1437
+ 00:31:03,640 --> 00:31:06,760
1438
+ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ
1439
+
1440
+ 361
1441
+ 00:31:06,760 --> 00:31:06,780
1442
+ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ
1443
+
1444
+ 362
1445
+ 00:31:06,780 --> 00:31:08,060
1446
+ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ
1447
+
1448
+ 363
1449
+ 00:31:08,060 --> 00:31:10,460
1450
+ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ
1451
+
1452
+ 364
1453
+ 00:31:10,460 --> 00:31:18,720
1454
+ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุงููŠ
1455
+
1456
+ 365
1457
+ 00:31:18,720 --> 00:31:23,620
1458
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจุนุฏ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
1459
+
1460
+ 366
1461
+ 00:31:23,620 --> 00:31:28,980
1462
+ sensitivity ูˆุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑู‡ ุจูŠู‚ุนุฏ ุฃูŠุงู… ุจูŠู‚ุนุฏุด ุณุงุนุฉ
1463
+
1464
+ 367
1465
+ 00:31:28,980 --> 00:31:36,520
1466
+ ุฃูˆ ุณุงุนุชูŠู† ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง figure ุจูŠุจูŠู† ู„ู†ุง how is the
1467
+
1468
+ 368
1469
+ 00:31:36,520 --> 00:31:40,000
1470
+ induction and effect of the mechanism ููŠ ุงู„ู€ type
1471
+
1472
+ 369
1473
+ 00:31:40,000 --> 00:31:45,120
1474
+ one ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ antigen ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ mucus membrane
1475
+
1476
+ 370
1477
+ 00:31:45,120 --> 00:31:49,950
1478
+ ุชุณุชู‚ุจู„ู‡ antigen presenting cell ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ processing
1479
+
1480
+ 371
1481
+ 00:31:49,950 --> 00:32:00,870
1482
+ ูˆุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู€ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ
1483
+
1484
+ 372
1485
+ 00:32:00,870 --> 00:32:03,510
1486
+ ุงู„ู€ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ
1487
+
1488
+ 373
1489
+ 00:32:03,510 --> 00:32:03,610
1490
+ ุงู„ู€ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ
1491
+
1492
+ 374
1493
+ 00:32:03,610 --> 00:32:03,710
1494
+ ุงู„ู€ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ
1495
+
1496
+ 375
1497
+ 00:32:03,710 --> 00:32:06,590
1498
+ ุงู„ู€ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ
1499
+
1500
+ 376
1501
+ 00:32:06,590 --> 00:32:17,570
1502
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุชูˆุฑูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุชูˆุฑูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุชูˆุฑูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุชูˆุฑูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุชูˆุฑูˆ
1503
+
1504
+ 377
1505
+ 00:32:17,570 --> 00:32:22,920
1506
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆู„ูŠ ุณูŠู†ุชุณุงูŠุฒ ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูุงุฑู…ูƒูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠูƒุงู„ ุฅูŠููƒุช ุฒูŠ
1507
+
1508
+ 378
1509
+ 00:32:22,920 --> 00:32:26,180
1510
+ blood vessel airway obstruction ูˆcell infiltration
1511
+
1512
+ 379
1513
+ 00:32:26,180 --> 00:32:31,220
1514
+ ูˆุทุจุนุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ tissue damage ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„
1515
+
1516
+ 380
1517
+ 00:32:31,220 --> 00:32:36,100
1518
+ inflammatory and cell chemotaxis and activation ููŠ
1519
+
1520
+ 381
1521
+ 00:32:36,100 --> 00:32:40,800
1522
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ antigen ู…ู…ูƒู† directly ูŠุฌูŠ ูˆูŠุฑุชุจุท
1523
+
1524
+ 382
1525
+ 00:32:40,800 --> 00:32:45,930
1526
+ ุนู„ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู‡ ูŠุฑุชุจุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ muscle
1527
+
1528
+ 383
1529
+ 00:32:45,930 --> 00:32:50,790
1530
+ ุงู„ุฑูŠุฒูˆููŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ antibody IgE
1531
+
1532
+ 384
1533
+ 00:32:50,790 --> 00:32:56,590
1534
+ antibody ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง sensitized cell ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„
1535
+
1536
+ 385
1537
+ 00:32:56,590 --> 00:33:00,030
1538
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ antigen presentation ุซู… IgE
1539
+
1540
+ 386
1541
+ 00:33:00,030 --> 00:33:04,010
1542
+ production ุซู… muscle degranulation ุซู… clinical
1543
+
1544
+ 387
1545
+ 00:33:04,010 --> 00:33:07,890
1546
+ effect of
1547
+
1548
+ 388
1549
+ 00:33:07,890 --> 00:33:13,700
1550
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ re-exposure to the antigen ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„
1551
+
1552
+ 389
1553
+ 00:33:13,700 --> 00:33:19,640
1554
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง
1555
+
1556
+ 390
1557
+ 00:33:19,640 --> 00:33:27,620
1558
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„
1559
+
1560
+ 391
1561
+ 00:33:27,620 --> 00:33:30,380
1562
+ clinical consequences of allergic reaction ุดูˆููˆุง
1563
+
1564
+ 392
1565
+ 00:33:30,380 --> 00:33:34,120
1566
+ ุชุจูŠุนุงุช ุงู„ allergic reaction ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
1567
+
1568
+ 393
1569
+ 00:33:34,120 --> 00:33:40,350
1570
+ allergic rhinitis ูˆุณู…ูŠู†ู‡ุง high fever ุฃูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง
1571
+
1572
+ 394
1573
+ 00:33:40,350 --> 00:33:43,890
1574
+ ูƒุงู† ุฏุฎู„ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูˆ food allergy
1575
+
1576
+ 395
1577
+ 00:33:43,890 --> 00:33:50,190
1578
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฃูƒู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ุฃูˆ atopic dermatitis if there is
1579
+
1580
+ 396
1581
+ 00:33:50,190 --> 00:33:58,330
1582
+ skin contact ุฃูˆ ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุฃุฑูˆุงุญ soul
1583
+
1584
+ 397
1585
+ 00:33:58,330 --> 00:34:04,480
1586
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1587
+
1588
+ 398
1589
+ 00:34:04,480 --> 00:34:08,360
1590
+ ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ anaphylactic shockุŒ ูˆanaphylactic shock ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุช ู…ู…ูƒู†ุŒ
1591
+
1592
+ 399
1593
+ 00:34:08,360 --> 00:34:11,880
1594
+ if untreated it can cause death clinical test
1595
+
1596
+ 400
1597
+ 00:34:11,880 --> 00:34:17,300
1598
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง skin prick test ูˆุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ู…ูŠู„ูˆุชุฑ ู…ูˆุชู‡
1599
+
1600
+ 401
1601
+ 00:34:17,300 --> 00:34:24,260
1602
+ ุจุฃู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ูˆุจุญู‚ู†ู‡ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ูˆุจูŠุณุชู†ูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุชุงู†ูŠ ูŠูˆู…
1603
+
1604
+ 402
1605
+ 00:34:24,260 --> 00:34:27,910
1606
+ ุจูŠุด .. ูˆุจูŠุฏูˆุฑูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ wheel and flare response ูˆ
1607
+
1608
+ 403
1609
+ 00:34:27,910 --> 00:34:32,150
1610
+ ุงู„ู€ wheel and flare ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† redness ูˆedema ุจุชุตูŠุฑ
1611
+
1612
+ 404
1613
+ 00:34:32,150 --> 00:34:42,930
1614
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนุดุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุจุนุฑู ุงู„ู€ PK ุฎู„ุงู„
1615
+
1616
+ 405
1617
+ 00:34:42,930 --> 00:34:49,090
1618
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุน ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณุงุนุฉ ู…ุง ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู€ wheel and flare
1619
+
1620
+ 406
1621
+ 00:34:49,090 --> 00:34:50,190
1622
+ ุงู„ู€ wheel and flare ุงู„ู€ wheel and flare ุงู„ู€ wheel and flare ุงู„ู€
1623
+
1624
+ 407
1625
+ 00:34:50,190 --> 00:34:51,990
1626
+ wheel and flare ุงู„ู€ wheel and flare ุงู„ู€ wheel and flare ุงู„ู€ wheel and flare
1627
+
1628
+ 408
1629
+ 00:34:51,990 --> 00:34:52,350
1630
+ wheel and flare ุงู„ู€ wheel and flare ุงู„ู€ wheel and flare ุงู„ู€
1631
+
1632
+ 409
1633
+ 00:34:52,350 --> 00:34:57,030
1634
+ wheel and flare ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ covalent coupling of
1635
+
1636
+ 410
1637
+ 00:34:57,030 --> 00:35:02,690
1638
+ allergen to insoluble matrix ุจูŠูƒูˆู† quotient ู…ุงุดูŠ
1639
+
1640
+ 411
1641
+ 00:35:02,690 --> 00:35:10,290
1642
+ ุงู„ู€ allergen ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ beads ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1643
+
1644
+ 412
1645
+ 00:35:10,290 --> 00:35:15,090
1646
+ stick ุฏุจ into a sample of patient serum ุญุทู‡ุง ููŠ
1647
+
1648
+ 413
1649
+ 00:35:15,090 --> 00:35:20,010
1650
+ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ููŠ patient serum allowed to bind specific
1651
+
1652
+ 414
1653
+ 00:35:20,010 --> 00:35:26,390
1654
+ antibody for allergen ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆุด ุงู„ู€ stick ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1655
+
1656
+ 415
1657
+ 00:35:26,390 --> 00:35:32,030
1658
+ radio labelled antibody specific for IgE is added
1659
+
1660
+ 416
1661
+ 00:35:32,030 --> 00:35:37,290
1662
+ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ the amount of radio activity bound is a
1663
+
1664
+ 417
1665
+ 00:35:37,290 --> 00:35:41,270
1666
+ measure of the amount of specific IgE antibody in
1667
+
1668
+ 418
1669
+ 00:35:41,270 --> 00:35:47,800
1670
+ the serum sample ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู„ูˆ
1671
+
1672
+ 419
1673
+ 00:35:47,800 --> 00:35:54,040
1674
+ ุชุฎูŠู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† beads ุฃูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† stick ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1675
+
1676
+ 420
1677
+ 00:35:54,040 --> 00:36:04,000
1678
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ pregnancy test ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ stick ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
1679
+
1680
+ 421
1681
+ 00:36:04,000 --> 00:36:07,980
1682
+ ุงู„ู€ allergen ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ allergen ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ antigen
1683
+
1684
+ 422
1685
+ 00:36:07,980 --> 00:36:13,570
1686
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุญุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู†ุญุทู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ patient serum ุนุดุงู†
1687
+
1688
+ 423
1689
+ 00:36:13,570 --> 00:36:16,770
1690
+ ู†ุฏูˆุฑ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ antibody for that allergen
1691
+
1692
+ 424
1693
+ 00:36:16,770 --> 00:36:20,990
1694
+ ูˆู†ุณูŠุจู‡ุง ู†ุฏูŠู‡ุง ูุฑุตุฉ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ antibody ูŠุฑุชุจุท ู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู€
1695
+
1696
+ 425
1697
+ 00:36:20,990 --> 00:36:24,490
1698
+ allergen ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ antibody ุฏูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ุงุณูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1699
+
1700
+ 426
1701
+ 00:36:24,490 --> 00:36:30,090
1702
+ allergen ุฅุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ antibody ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู†ุถูŠู radio
1703
+
1704
+ 427
1705
+ 00:36:30,090 --> 00:36:34,030
1706
+ labelled anti antibody ูŠุนู†ูŠ antibody specific for
1707
+
1708
+ 428
1709
+ 00:36:34,030 --> 00:36:39,940
1710
+ the IgE ู…ุงุดูŠ ุฅุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ antibody ุงุฑุชุจุท ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
1711
+
1712
+ 429
1713
+ 00:36:39,940 --> 00:36:45,900
1714
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ second antibody ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฑุชุจุท ููŠู‡ ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
1715
+
1716
+ 430
1717
+ 00:36:45,900 --> 00:36:51,360
1718
+ radio labeling ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง can be measured ูˆุจู†ุดูˆู
1719
+
1720
+ 431
1721
+ 00:36:51,360 --> 00:36:54,100
1722
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ it will be proportional to the
1723
+
1724
+ 432
1725
+ 00:36:54,100 --> 00:36:57,860
1726
+ concentration of IgE antibody in the serum sample
1727
+
1728
+ 433
1729
+ 00:36:57,860 --> 00:37:03,980
1730
+ intervention environmental intervention
1731
+
1732
+ 434
1733
+ 00:37:06,860 --> 00:37:13,980
1734
+ ุฃูุถู„ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ broncho
1735
+
1736
+ 435
1737
+ 00:37:13,980 --> 00:37:18,620
1738
+ dilator ุงู„ู€ broncho dilator ุงู„ู€ broncho dilator ุงู„ู€ broncho dilator
1739
+
1740
+ 436
1741
+ 00:37:18,620 --> 00:37:20,620
1742
+ dilator ุงู„ู€ broncho dilator ุงู„ู€ broncho dilator ุงู„ู€ broncho dilator
1743
+
1744
+ 437
1745
+ 00:37:20,620 --> 00:37:21,060
1746
+ dilator ุงู„ู€ broncho dilator ุงู„ู€ broncho dilator ุงู„ู€ broncho dilator
1747
+
1748
+ 438
1749
+ 00:37:21,060 --> 00:37:23,320
1750
+ dilator ุงู„ู€ broncho dilator ุงู„ู€ broncho dilator ุงู„ู€ broncho dilator
1751
+
1752
+ 439
1753
+ 00:37:23,320 --> 00:37:24,440
1754
+ dilator ุงู„ู€ broncho dilator ุงู„ู€ broncho dilator ุงู„ู€ broncho dilator
1755
+
1756
+ 440
1757
+ 00:37:24,440 --> 00:37:27,780
1758
+ dilator ุงู„ู€ broncho dilator
1759
+
1760
+ 441
1761
+ 00:37:27,780 --> 00:37:31,520
1762
+ dilator ุงู„ู€ broncho dilator
1763
+
1764
+ 442
1765
+ 00:37:31,520 --> 00:37:31,800
1766
+ dilator
1767
+
1768
+ 443
1769
+ 00:37:34,580 --> 00:37:37,040
1770
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฏุฎู„ immunological
1771
+
1772
+ 444
1773
+ 00:37:37,040 --> 00:37:42,000
1774
+ intervention ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง hypersensitization ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูƒูŠ
1775
+
1776
+ 445
1777
+ 00:37:42,000 --> 00:37:46,360
1778
+ ุจุชุชู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ by injecting the patient with
1779
+
1780
+ 446
1781
+ 00:37:46,360 --> 00:37:50,580
1782
+ increasing doses of allergen ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจูŠุนุทูˆุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ
1783
+
1784
+ 447
1785
+ 00:37:50,580 --> 00:38:01,190
1786
+ ู…ู† dose of allergen ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ antibody ู„ู€ IgG
1787
+
1788
+ 448
1789
+ 00:38:01,190 --> 00:38:06,790
1790
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชุฎู„ุต
1791
+
1792
+ 449
1793
+ 00:38:06,790 --> 00:38:11,870
1794
+ ุงู„ุญุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ neutral increase in level of IgG
1795
+
1796
+ 450
1797
+ 00:38:11,870 --> 00:38:17,640
1798
+ followed by gradual decrease on continued therapy due
1799
+
1800
+ 451
1801
+ 00:38:17,640 --> 00:38:21,520
1802
+ to induction of tolerance or to switch from Th2
1803
+
1804
+ 452
1805
+ 00:38:21,520 --> 00:38:28,800
1806
+ to Th1 ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
1807
+
1808
+ 453
1809
+ 00:38:28,800 --> 00:38:33,100
1810
+ concentration ูˆ IgG ุจุชุจุนู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ repeated
1811
+
1812
+ 454
1813
+ 00:38:33,100 --> 00:38:37,740
1814
+ injection decrease in the concentration ูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ
1815
+
1816
+ 455
1817
+ 00:38:37,740 --> 00:38:43,520
1818
+ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฅู…ุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ tolerance ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ antigen ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1819
+
1820
+ 456
1821
+ 00:38:43,520 --> 00:38:48,740
1822
+ ุฏุฎู„ุงู†ู†ุง ุฏุฎู„ู†ุง ุจู€ doses ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฅู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ
1823
+
1824
+ 457
1825
+ 00:38:48,740 --> 00:38:54,340
1826
+ switching ู…ู† ู…ุฏุงู„ุฉ Th2 ู„ู€ Th1 ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1827
+
1828
+ 458
1829
+ 00:38:54,340 --> 00:39:06,060
1830
+ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุทู„ ููŠ IgE production ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
1831
+
1832
+ 459
1833
+ 00:39:06,060 --> 00:39:11,440
1834
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ immunized anti IgE monoclonal antibody ูˆุฏู‡
1835
+
1836
+ 460
1837
+ 00:39:11,440 --> 00:39:19,180
1838
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ IgE bound to mast and
1839
+
1840
+ 461
1841
+ 00:39:19,180 --> 00:39:29,300
1842
+ basophils ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ุงุช ุฃูˆ
1843
+
1844
+ 462
1845
+ 00:39:29,300 --> 00:39:34,720
1846
+ use of cytokine which can shift from Th2 to Th
1847
+
1848
+ 463
1849
+ 00:39:34,720 --> 00:39:42,760
1850
+ 1 response ุฃูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… Anti-Cytokine ุฒูŠ Anti-IL-4
1851
+
1852
+ 464
1853
+ 00:39:42,760 --> 00:39:48,260
1854
+ IL-4 ุทุจุนุง responsible for IgE production ูุจู†ุนู…ู„
1855
+
1856
+ 465
1857
+ 00:39:48,260 --> 00:39:58,460
1858
+ class switching in B cell Anti-Cytokine ูˆ Cytokine
1859
+
1860
+ 466
1861
+ 00:39:58,460 --> 00:40:04,770
1862
+ receptor antagonist ุจู†ุนู…ู„ blocking ู„ู„ู€ receptor ุฃูˆ
1863
+
1864
+ 467
1865
+ 00:40:04,770 --> 00:40:07,470
1866
+ administration of chemically altered allergen
1867
+
1868
+ 468
1869
+ 00:40:07,470 --> 00:40:11,630
1870
+ which suppress a primary or established IgE
1871
+
1872
+ 469
1873
+ 00:40:11,630 --> 00:40:17,930
1874
+ response ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ
1875
+
1876
+ 470
1877
+ 00:40:17,930 --> 00:40:18,990
1878
+ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ
1879
+
1880
+ 471
1881
+ 00:40:18,990 --> 00:40:25,010
1882
+ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ
1883
+
1884
+ 472
1885
+ 00:40:25,010 --> 00:40:25,590
1886
+ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ
1887
+
1888
+ 473
1889
+ 00:40:25,590 --> 00:40:26,290
1890
+ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ
1891
+
1892
+ 474
1893
+ 00:40:26,290 --> 00:40:26,310
1894
+ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ
1895
+
1896
+ 475
1897
+ 00:40:26,310 --> 00:40:29,030
1898
+ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ
1899
+
1900
+ 476
1901
+ 00:40:29,030 --> 00:40:33,230
1902
+ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒ
1903
+
1904
+ 477
1905
+ 00:40:34,770 --> 00:40:40,610
1906
+ ุจุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง to treat this
1907
+
1908
+ 478
1909
+ 00:40:40,610 --> 00:40:46,590
1910
+ patient ุงู„ู€ protective ุฏูˆุฑ ู„ู€ IgE ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑุนุง protective
1911
+
1912
+ 479
1913
+ 00:40:46,590 --> 00:40:51,470
1914
+ ุฅู„ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃู…ู„ ุฃู† ุฏู‡ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ response to
1915
+
1916
+ 480
1917
+ 00:40:51,470 --> 00:40:56,470
1918
+ many parasitic war favor the induction of IgE his
1919
+
1920
+ 481
1921
+ 00:40:56,470 --> 00:40:58,530
1922
+ to mean another mediator associated with
1923
+
1924
+ 482
1925
+ 00:40:58,530 --> 00:41:02,930
1926
+ anaphylactic response ูŠุชู… ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ู‡ุง ููŠ ุฅุฌุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€
1927
+
1928
+ 483
1929
+ 00:41:02,930 --> 00:41:07,230
1930
+ wormุŒ ุงู„ู€ antigenุŒ ุงู„ู€ cross-linkingุŒ ุงู„ู€ IgEุŒ ุนู„ู‰
1931
+
1932
+ 484
1933
+ 00:41:07,230 --> 00:41:13,330
1934
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€ mast ูˆุงู„ู€ basophil ูˆุงู„ู€ eosinophil. ุทุจุนุง
1935
+
1936
+ 485
1937
+ 00:41:13,330 --> 00:41:18,410
1938
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ permeabilityุŒ ุจุณุจุจ
1939
+
1940
+ 486
1941
+ 00:41:18,410 --> 00:41:25,850
1942
+ ุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ releaseุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ IgE
1943
+
1944
+ 487
1945
+ 00:41:25,850 --> 00:41:28,790
1946
+ -Antibody ููŠ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ู€ worm infestation.
1947
+
1948
+ 488
1949
+ 00:41:40,310 --> 00:41:44,150
1950
+ ุงู„ุฅูŠูˆุณูŠู†ูˆููŠู„ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ IgG ูˆุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช IgG
1951
+
1952
+ 489
1953
+ 00:41:44,150 --> 00:41:46,530
1954
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช IgG ูˆุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช IgG ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช IgG
1955
+
1956
+ 490
1957
+ 00:41:46,530 --> 00:41:49,570
1958
+ ูˆุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช IgG
1959
+
1960
+ 491
1961
+ 00:41:49,570 --> 00:41:49,790
1962
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช IgG ูˆุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช IgG ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช IgG
1963
+
1964
+ 492
1965
+ 00:41:49,790 --> 00:41:50,330
1966
+ ูˆุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช IgG ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช IgG ูˆุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช IgG ู…ุฑุชุจุท
1967
+
1968
+ 493
1969
+ 00:41:50,330 --> 00:41:50,430
1970
+ ุจุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช IgG ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช IgG ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช IgG
1971
+
1972
+ 494
1973
+ 00:41:50,430 --> 00:41:52,550
1974
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช IgG ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช IgG ู…ุฑุชุจุท
1975
+
1976
+ 495
1977
+ 00:41:52,550 --> 00:41:59,770
1978
+ ุจุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช IgG ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช IgG ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช IgG
1979
+
1980
+ 496
1981
+ 00:41:59,770 --> 00:42:03,570
1982
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช IgG ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุนุถู„
1983
+
1984
+ 497
1985
+ 00:42:06,920 --> 00:42:12,540
1986
+ contact ูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑ
1987
+
1988
+ 498
1989
+ 00:42:12,540 --> 00:42:15,620
1990
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุจุงู‡ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ worm ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุดุชุช complement
1991
+
1992
+ 499
1993
+ 00:42:15,620 --> 00:42:21,460
1994
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ worm ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู„ูˆ ู„ุฎุตู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1995
+
1996
+ 500
1997
+ 00:42:21,460 --> 00:42:26,480
1998
+ ู‡ู… ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุฅู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠุณุชุงู…ูŠู† ูˆุขุฎุฑ ู…ุฏูŠุงุชุฑูŠู† ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุงุŸ
1999
+
2000
+ 501
2001
+ 00:42:26,480 --> 00:42:29,120
2002
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง anaphylactic shock ุดูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุจุŸ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง
2003
+
2004
+ 502
2005
+ 00:42:29,120 --> 00:42:34,630
2006
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุทุจุนุง ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ุชุฎุด ุงู„ู€ worm ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ
2007
+
2008
+ 503
2009
+ 00:42:34,630 --> 00:42:38,630
2010
+ ููŠ IgE ุงู„ู€ cross linking ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ muscle
2011
+
2012
+ 504
2013
+ 00:42:38,630 --> 00:42:42,110
2014
+ ูˆุงู„ุจูŠุฒูˆููŠู„ ูู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ degradation ูˆ IgE ูˆู‡ุณุชุงู…ูŠู†
2015
+
2016
+ 505
2017
+ 00:42:42,110 --> 00:42:49,690
2018
+ ูˆู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุชู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ IgG ุงู„ู‡ุณุชุงู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุฑูŠู„ูŠุฒ
2019
+
2020
+ 506
2021
+ 00:42:49,690 --> 00:42:53,250
2022
+ ู…ุตูŠุฑ ููŠ IgG Antibody production ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏุซ
2023
+
2024
+ 507
2025
+ 00:42:53,250 --> 00:42:57,150
2026
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ IgG ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ receptor ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ
2027
+
2028
+ 508
2029
+ 00:42:57,150 --> 00:43:03,070
2030
+ ุงู„ุฅูŠูˆุฒูŠู†ูˆููŠู„ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ chemotactic
2031
+
2032
+ 509
2033
+ 00:43:03,070 --> 00:43:12,990
2034
+ factor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูุฑุฒ ุจุชุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู€ worm ูˆ ุจุชุทุจุท
2035
+
2036
+ 510
2037
+ 00:43:12,990 --> 00:43:19,810
2038
+ ููŠู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ IgG receptor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2039
+
2040
+ 511
2041
+ 00:43:19,810 --> 00:43:25,970
2042
+ already ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุงุณูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ worm ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ
2043
+
2044
+ 512
2045
+ 00:43:25,970 --> 00:43:30,290
2046
+ ุงู„ุฅูŠูˆุฒูŠู†ูˆููŠู„ ู…ุงุณูƒ ุจุงู„ู€ worm ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
2047
+
2048
+ 513
2049
+ 00:43:30,290 --> 00:43:33,730
2050
+ ุงู„ู€ IgG Antibody ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ Degranulation
2051
+
2052
+ 514
2053
+ 00:43:33,730 --> 00:43:40,190
2054
+ ูˆุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Parasites ู„ุงุฒู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Express
2055
+
2056
+ 515
2057
+ 00:43:40,190 --> 00:43:47,090
2058
+ Low Affinity to FC Receptor by IgE ูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ
2059
+
2060
+ 516
2061
+ 00:43:47,090 --> 00:43:54,030
2062
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท of these cells ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ cells ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ IgE
2063
+
2064
+ 517
2065
+ 00:43:54,030 --> 00:43:59,830
2066
+ antibody IgE ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€
2067
+
2068
+ 518
2069
+ 00:43:59,830 --> 00:44:06,530
2070
+ worm ุงู„ู€ major basic protein released by eosinophilic
2071
+
2072
+ 519
2073
+ 00:44:06,530 --> 00:44:12,870
2074
+ granules ุชุนู…ู„ ูƒูˆุชูŠู†ุฌ ู„ู€ Surface of worm ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ
2075
+
2076
+ 520
2077
+ 00:44:12,870 --> 00:44:20,330
2078
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ death of worm and its eventual explosion
2079
+
2080
+ 521
2081
+ 00:44:20,330 --> 00:44:26,210
2082
+ from the body. All component of type 1 reaction
2083
+
2084
+ 522
2085
+ 00:44:26,210 --> 00:44:31,270
2086
+ combine to perform this protective function ูƒู„ู‡ุง
2087
+
2088
+ 523
2089
+ 00:44:31,270 --> 00:44:36,490
2090
+ beneficial effects suggest that the wide range of
2091
+
2092
+ 524
2093
+ 00:44:36,490 --> 00:44:41,520
2094
+ response ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุงู†ุชุจุงุฏ ุงู„ู€ IgE ู‚ุฏ ูŠุชุนู„ู‚
2095
+
2096
+ 525
2097
+ 00:44:41,520 --> 00:44:48,420
2098
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุจุงุฏ ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ
2099
+
2100
+ 526
2101
+ 00:44:48,420 --> 00:44:52,380
2102
+ ุงู„ุญุณู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ููŠ ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุชูƒูˆูŠู†
2103
+
2104
+ 527
2105
+ 00:44:52,380 --> 00:44:59,700
2106
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุจุงุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ it can ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ it's
2107
+
2108
+ 528
2109
+ 00:44:59,700 --> 00:45:04,580
2110
+ released during worm infestation ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง
2111
+
2112
+ 529
2113
+ 00:45:06,190 --> 00:45:12,710
2114
+ ูŠูุฑุฒ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ parasites ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุต ุฃูˆ ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†
2115
+
2116
+ 530
2117
+ 00:45:12,710 --> 00:45:19,350
2118
+ ุงู„ู€ parasites ูˆู‡ูŠ
2119
+
2120
+ 531
2121
+ 00:45:19,350 --> 00:45:29,830
2122
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุงูŠ ู…ูŠูˆูƒูˆุฒุง ุงู„ู€ membrane ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ worm ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆ
2123
+
2124
+ 532
2125
+ 00:45:29,830 --> 00:45:30,350
2126
+ ุทุจุนุง
2127
+
2128
+ 533
2129
+ 00:45:34,660 --> 00:45:40,820
2130
+ ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ Antigen ุชุจุนู‡ ู„ุฌู‡ุฉ
2131
+
2132
+ 534
2133
+ 00:45:40,820 --> 00:45:48,620
2134
+ IgE ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€
2135
+
2136
+ 535
2137
+ 00:45:48,620 --> 00:45:52,720
2138
+ worm ูู‡ูŠ ุงู†ุชุจู‡ุช ุจุงู„ู€ Antigen ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ worm ู‚ุฏ ุฃุฏู‰ ุฅู„ู‰
2139
+
2140
+ 536
2141
+ 00:45:52,720 --> 00:45:56,940
2142
+ ู†ุดุงุทู‡ ูุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ Degradation ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู‡ุณุชุงู…ูŠู†
2143
+
2144
+ 537
2145
+ 00:45:58,530 --> 00:46:02,970
2146
+ ุงู„ุฅูŠูˆุฒูŠู†ูˆููŠู„ ูƒูŠู…ูˆุชุงูƒุชูƒ ูุงูƒุชุฑ ูˆู†ูŠุชุฑูˆููŠู„ ูƒูŠู…ูˆุชุงูƒุชูƒ
2147
+
2148
+ 538
2149
+ 00:46:02,970 --> 00:46:07,850
2150
+ ูุงูƒุชุฑ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจูŠุตู„ูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏุซ ู‡ุจูŠุฒูˆุฏูˆุง
2151
+
2152
+ 539
2153
+ 00:46:07,850 --> 00:46:13,030
2154
+ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ permeability to
2155
+
2156
+ 540
2157
+ 00:46:13,030 --> 00:46:18,670
2158
+ IgG and white blood cell ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุทู„ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ antibody
2159
+
2160
+ 541
2161
+ 00:46:18,670 --> 00:46:22,170
2162
+ ู…ุฑุฉ
2163
+
2164
+ 542
2165
+ 00:46:22,170 --> 00:46:27,380
2166
+ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ mucosal membrane ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ worm ุจุชุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„
2167
+
2168
+ 543
2169
+ 00:46:27,380 --> 00:46:32,580
2170
+ worm ูˆุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู€ neutrophil ูˆุงู„ู€ eosinophil ุจุชุฑุชุจุท
2171
+
2172
+ 544
2173
+ 00:46:32,580 --> 00:46:38,660
2174
+ ุจุงู„ู€ antibody ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ FC portion ูˆุจุชุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
2175
+
2176
+ 545
2177
+ 00:46:38,660 --> 00:46:47,080
2178
+ Parasites ู‡ุฐุง ุชู„ุฎูŠุต ู„ูƒูŠู ุจูŠุชู… ุงู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ parasites
2179
+
2180
+ 546
2181
+ 00:46:47,080 --> 00:46:52,380
2182
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ parasites ุจูŠุฎุด ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ mucosal
2183
+
2184
+ 547
2185
+ 00:46:52,380 --> 00:46:57,060
2186
+ membrane ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ antigen ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ parasites ุจู†ุงุก
2187
+
2188
+ 548
2189
+ 00:46:57,060 --> 00:47:04,160
2190
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุดูˆุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ intestine ู…ุงุดูŠ ูุจุชุชู„ู‚ู ูˆุทุจุนุง
2191
+
2192
+ 549
2193
+ 00:47:04,160 --> 00:47:08,340
2194
+ ุจุฑุชุจุท
2195
+
2196
+ 550
2197
+ 00:47:08,340 --> 00:47:15,090
2198
+ ุจุงู„ู€ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Degranulation ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
2199
+
2200
+ 551
2201
+ 00:47:15,090 --> 00:47:18,170
2202
+ ููŠู‡ Release ู„ู€ eosinophil chemotactic factor ู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆููŠู„
2203
+
2204
+ 552
2205
+ 00:47:18,170 --> 00:47:23,650
2206
+ ูˆู†ูŠุชุฑูˆููŠู„ ุจูŠุตู„ูˆุง ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏูˆุง ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ blood
2207
+
2208
+ 553
2209
+ 00:47:23,650 --> 00:47:26,990
2210
+ vessels ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ permeability ูุจุชุทู„ุนูˆุง
2211
+
2212
+ 554
2213
+ 00:47:26,990 --> 00:47:33,360
2214
+ ุจุฑุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ IgE/IgG Antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุทุจุนุง ู…ุง ุฒุงู„
2215
+
2216
+ 555
2217
+ 00:47:33,360 --> 00:47:37,320
2218
+ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ increase ู„ู„ู€ permeability ุนู…ู„ุชู‡ุง ุจุฑุง ูˆุจุฑุชุจุท ุจูŠู‡ุงุด ุจุงู„
2219
+
2220
+ 556
2221
+ 00:47:37,320 --> 00:47:41,080
2222
+ worm ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ antibody ุงุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ worm ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
2223
+
2224
+ 557
2225
+ 00:47:41,080 --> 00:47:45,080
2226
+ ุงู„ู€ fabrication ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงู„ุช ุงู„ู€ FC portion ู„ู‡ receptor
2227
+
2228
+ 558
2229
+ 00:47:45,080 --> 00:47:49,940
2230
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ eosinophil ูˆุงู„ู€ neutrophil ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชู†ุดุทูˆุง
2231
+
2232
+ 559
2233
+ 00:47:49,940 --> 00:47:53,460
2234
+ ุจูŠุชุฑุชุจุทูˆุง ูˆ ุจูŠุชู†ุดุทูˆุง ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง degradation ูˆ
2235
+
2236
+ 560
2237
+ 00:47:53,460 --> 00:48:00,180
2238
+ ุจูŠุฎู„ุตูˆู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ุงุด ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ worm ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู†
2239
+
2240
+ 561
2241
+ 00:48:00,180 --> 00:48:06,140
2242
+ ุงู„ุญุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ antibody which is also
2243
+
2244
+ 562
2245
+ 00:48:06,140 --> 00:48:11,220
2246
+ antibody mediated cytotoxic
2247
+
2248
+ 563
2249
+ 00:48:11,220 --> 00:48:12,040
2250
+ reaction
PL9fwy3NUQKwYQ8nzyth9nyErvTJtUFKlo/ZBIIfkK9UEc.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,795 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:01,740 --> 00:00:08,940
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ุชุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:08,940 --> 00:00:17,600
7
+ immunogen ูˆ ุงู„ antigen ุชุนุฑูŠูุงุช ูˆ ุฎุตุงุฆุต ูˆ ุจุนุถ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:17,600 --> 00:00:24,400
11
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุชุทุฑู‚ ู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุฃูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:24,400 --> 00:00:35,770
15
+ ุฏู‡ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุชุญูุธ ุงู„ response is referred to as
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:35,770 --> 00:00:42,930
19
+ antigen or immunogen ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุฃูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ evokes ุชุญูุธ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:42,930 --> 00:00:46,950
23
+ ุงู„ response is referred to as antigen or immunogen
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:46,950 --> 00:00:52,950
27
+ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฃู† ุงู„ antigen ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฃูŠ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:52,950 --> 00:00:58,620
31
+ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฃูŠ agent that is capable specifically to bind
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:58,620 --> 00:01:03,220
35
+ with ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ immune response ุฒูŠ ุงู„ PCR
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:03,220 --> 00:01:08,500
39
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ BCL ุฃูˆ ุงู„ antibody ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ immunogen ู‡ูˆ ุฃูŠ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:08,500 --> 00:01:14,920
43
+ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุชุญูุธ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ูˆุชู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ immune
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:14,920 --> 00:01:19,640
47
+ response ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ antigen ูู‚ุท ูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:19,640 --> 00:01:22,980
51
+ immune response ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุญูุธ ุงู„ antibody ุงู„
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:22,980 --> 00:01:27,440
55
+ immune response ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ immunogen ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ูŠุญูุธ ุงู„
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:27,440 --> 00:01:31,440
59
+ immune response ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒู„ immunogen ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:31,440 --> 00:01:38,880
63
+ antigen ู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ูˆ vice versa ุงู„ู€ hapten ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุขุฎุฑ ู‡ูˆ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:38,880 --> 00:01:45,040
67
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ by itself it is incapable of
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:45,040 --> 00:01:51,640
71
+ inducing immune response ู„ูƒู† ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจู…ุงุฏุฉ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:51,640 --> 00:01:58,110
75
+ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู†ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง carrier ุจูŠูƒุจุฑ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ูŠุญูุธ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:58,110 --> 00:02:02,050
79
+ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ูˆุทุจุนุง ุงู„ antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:02,050 --> 00:02:04,970
83
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ูŠุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ carrier ูˆู…ุน ุงู„
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:04,970 --> 00:02:12,010
87
+ hapten itself requirement for immunogenicity
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:12,010 --> 00:02:18,550
91
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ immunogenicity ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุคุฏูŠ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:18,550 --> 00:02:22,150
95
+ ู„ู…ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ antigen ุฃูˆ immunogen should be foreign
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:23,220 --> 00:02:27,240
99
+ ูˆ ุงู„ foreign ุทุจุนุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุฃูŠ ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู…ุง ููŠุด ุฃู†
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:27,240 --> 00:02:31,680
103
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:31,680 --> 00:02:37,840
107
+ ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ self-antigen ุชุจุนุชู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ self-antigen
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:37,840 --> 00:02:44,660
111
+ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ูˆูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ agent ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุฎู„
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:44,660 --> 00:02:48,160
115
+ foreign ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† more immunogenic
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:50,760 --> 00:02:53,840
119
+ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ exceptional case ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:53,840 --> 00:02:57,440
123
+ autoimmunity ุฃู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:57,440 --> 00:03:09,260
127
+ antibody ุชุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน self-antigen ุฃูˆ ุชุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน his
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:09,260 --> 00:03:15,840
131
+ or her own tissue ุตูุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ immunogenicity ุงู„
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:17,170 --> 00:03:19,670
135
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ high molecular weight ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ูƒุงู„ุขุชูŠ ู‡ูˆ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:19,670 --> 00:03:22,710
139
+ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 100 ุฏุงู„ุชูˆู† ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุจู†ุณุงู„ูŠู†
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:22,710 --> 00:03:26,730
143
+ ูˆุงู„ุงุณุจุฑูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฌุณุชุฑูˆู† ูู‡ูŠ ู„ูŠุณุช ุฅูŠู…ูˆู†ูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู†
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:26,730 --> 00:03:31,330
147
+ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุฃู„ู ู„ุณุชุฉ ุขู„ุงู ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูˆ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:31,330 --> 00:03:38,850
151
+ LCTH ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† they are or not they may or may not be
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:38,850 --> 00:03:42,820
155
+ ุฅูŠู…ูˆู†ูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุฉ ูˆูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุขู„ุงู ุฏุงู„ุชูˆู†
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:42,820 --> 00:03:45,960
159
+ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠู„ุงุฑ ูˆูŠุช ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุงู„ุจูˆู…ูŠู† it's generally
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:45,960 --> 00:03:50,080
163
+ immunogenic ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูˆู„ ุตูุฉ ุงู„ foreignness ูˆ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุตูุฉ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:50,080 --> 00:03:52,880
167
+ ุงู„ู€ high molecular weight ุซุงู„ุซ ุตูุฉ ุงู„ chemical
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:52,880 --> 00:03:57,240
171
+ complexity ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ molecule more complex
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:57,240 --> 00:04:02,970
175
+ and not homopolymer ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ copolymer ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:02,970 --> 00:04:09,730
179
+ ุฌูŠุฏ ุฅูŠู…ูˆู†ูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู…ุซุงู„
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:09,730 --> 00:04:12,750
183
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุจูˆู„ูŠ ุฌู„ูˆุชุงู…ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:12,750 --> 00:04:20,930
187
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠุณูŠู† to be highly immunogenic ุงู„ู€ degradability
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:20,930 --> 00:04:26,830
191
+ should be capable of degradation ุฃูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุงู„
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:26,830 --> 00:04:30,830
195
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ูŠู†ุดุท ุชูŠู„ูŠู†ูุณุงูŠุฏ ูˆูŠุนู…ู„
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:30,830 --> 00:04:34,770
199
+ immune response ู„ุงุจุฏ ุฃู† ูŠุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน antigen
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:34,770 --> 00:04:37,330
203
+ presenting cell ุดูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ antigen presenting cell
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:37,330 --> 00:04:42,050
207
+ ุชุงุฎุฏู‡ ูˆุจุชุนู…ู„ antigen processing ุจุชุดุฌูู‡ ูˆุจุชู‚ุทุนู‡
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:42,050 --> 00:04:48,810
211
+ by enzymatic degradation ุซู… ุจูŠุทู„ุน
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:48,810 --> 00:04:52,110
215
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ antigen presenting cell ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ MHC
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:52,110 --> 00:04:56,250
219
+ molecule ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทู„ุน ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Epitopes ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:56,250 --> 00:05:00,870
223
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุงู„ู€ MHC ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:00,870 --> 00:05:05,410
227
+ Epitopes ุชุณุชู…ูŠู„ ูˆุชุดุบู‘ู„ ุงุชูุงู‚ ูƒู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู€ antigen ุงู„ุฎุงุต
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:05,410 --> 00:05:12,250
231
+ ุจุงู„ู€ effector T-cell ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุฉ ุฃูˆ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:12,250 --> 00:05:19,150
235
+ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู†ูˆ ุงุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุชูŠูƒูŠ ูู‡ูŠ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:19,150 --> 00:05:24,930
239
+ ู„ูŠุณุช ุฅูŠู…ูˆู†ูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ D-Configuration Amino
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:24,930 --> 00:05:30,610
243
+ Acids ุงู„ู€ D-Configuration Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:30,610 --> 00:05:34,550
247
+ -Configuration
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:34,550 --> 00:05:36,930
251
+ Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D-Configuration Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:36,930 --> 00:05:37,050
255
+ -Configuration Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D-Configuration
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:37,050 --> 00:05:37,130
259
+ Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D-Configuration Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:37,130 --> 00:05:37,170
263
+ -Configuration Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D-Configuration
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:37,170 --> 00:05:37,530
267
+ Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D-Configuration Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:37,530 --> 00:05:37,670
271
+ -Configuration Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D-Configuration
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:37,670 --> 00:05:40,270
275
+ Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D-Configuration Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:40,270 --> 00:05:41,910
279
+ -Configuration Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D-Configuration
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:41,910 --> 00:05:50,470
283
+ Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D-Configuration Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:50,470 --> 00:05:52,310
287
+ -Configuration Amino Acids ุงู„ู€
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:01,660 --> 00:06:08,300
291
+ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุตู†ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุจุฑูˆุฏูƒุช
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:08,300 --> 00:06:13,720
295
+ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุดุฎุต ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู€ ุจุฑูˆุฏูƒุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู†
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:13,720 --> 00:06:15,520
299
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฏูƒุช ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุดุฎุต ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฏูƒุช
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:15,520 --> 00:06:22,080
303
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุจุฑูˆุฏูƒุช ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:22,080 --> 00:06:25,660
307
+ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุดุฎุต ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุขุฎุฑ Dosage and Route of
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:25,660 --> 00:06:31,140
311
+ Administration ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุฎุฏูˆุง ููŠ ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุงุนุชุจุงุฑ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:31,140 --> 00:06:34,900
315
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูƒูˆู† repeated administration
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:34,900 --> 00:06:40,120
319
+ ู„ู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุถู„ ู†ุฏุฎู„ ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุงุช ู…ุชุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:40,120 --> 00:06:44,120
323
+ ููŠู‡ strong immune response ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฏุฎู„ู†ุง ุงู†ุชุฌู†
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:44,120 --> 00:06:49,660
327
+ ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ immune responses will not be
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:49,660 --> 00:06:54,660
331
+ activated ูˆู„ุง ู‡ุชุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ู„ู…ููˆุณุงูŠุช ูˆููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:54,660 --> 00:06:59,960
335
+ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฑุงู†ุณ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุฃูŠ immunoresponse ุณุงุจู‚ุง
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:59,960 --> 00:07:04,040
339
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู†ุณุจูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ administration ูˆ antigen
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:04,040 --> 00:07:10,500
343
+ ุณุงุจู‚ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู†ุณุจูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ routes immunogenicity
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:10,500 --> 00:07:13,940
347
+ ู„ุฃู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฎู„ immunogenicity ู„ุฃู† ุงู„
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:13,940 --> 00:07:20,680
351
+ antigen presenting cell ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุชุญุชู‡ุง ุชุญุช ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:20,680 --> 00:07:25,700
355
+ ุชุชู„ู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ูˆุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:25,700 --> 00:07:28,940
359
+ processor present antigen to effector cell ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:28,940 --> 00:07:35,160
363
+ ุฅุฐุง ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† through IV ูŠุนู†ูŠ intravenous
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:35,160 --> 00:07:44,660
367
+ administration ูู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ุฏู… ูˆู‡ู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:44,660 --> 00:07:45,340
371
+ tolerance
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:49,360 --> 00:07:54,120
375
+ ุฃูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูˆุงุฌู‡ antigen-presenting cell ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:54,120 --> 00:07:57,360
379
+ immune response ุฅู†ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุจูŠุถุนู ุงู„ tolerance
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:57,360 --> 00:08:01,840
383
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ subcutaneously ููŠ ุงู„ ... sorry
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:01,840 --> 00:08:07,840
387
+ intravenously ุงู„ antigen ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ tract ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ูˆ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:07,840 --> 00:08:12,580
391
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† route that
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:12,580 --> 00:08:15,620
395
+ produce systemic state of tolerance
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:18,200 --> 00:08:22,660
399
+ ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ Local Antibody Production ููŠ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:22,660 --> 00:08:28,100
403
+ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุณุชู†ุงู„ Lamina Propria ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ูŠุนู…ู„
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:28,100 --> 00:08:33,100
407
+ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฑุงู†ุณ Administration of Antigen via Intranasal
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:33,100 --> 00:08:39,300
411
+ or Respiratory Route ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ allergic reaction
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:39,300 --> 00:08:42,640
415
+ Antigenicity
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:42,640 --> 00:08:47,820
419
+ ูˆ Antigen Binding Sites ุงู„ู€ immune response induced
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:47,820 --> 00:08:52,180
423
+ by antigen usually generate antibody ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:52,180 --> 00:08:56,760
427
+ lymphocyte that react specifically with the
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:56,760 --> 00:09:00,460
431
+ antigen ุงู„ู€ portion
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:00,460 --> 00:09:03,080
435
+ ู…ู„ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ antigen ูˆ ุงู„ antibody
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:03,080 --> 00:09:09,460
439
+ ุจุชุชู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ Epitopes ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ antigen ูˆู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ููŠ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:09,460 --> 00:09:14,300
443
+ ุงู„ antibody ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ several hyper variable
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:14,300 --> 00:09:19,920
447
+ region ููŠ ุงู„ุทุฑู ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูุงุจ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู€
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:19,920 --> 00:09:23,560
451
+ hyper variable region ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:23,560 --> 00:09:27,800
455
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง complementary determining region ุญุฌู… ุงู„
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:27,800 --> 00:09:35,460
459
+ Epitopes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ CDR ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุณุจุนุฉ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:35,460 --> 00:09:42,280
463
+ amino acids ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ Epitopes ุชู…ุงู…ุง ู„ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ amino
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:42,280 --> 00:09:49,790
467
+ acids ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจูŠูƒูˆู† non-covalent ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ุจุชูƒูˆู†
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:49,790 --> 00:09:53,630
471
+ Tertiary complex ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ antigen presenting cell
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:53,630 --> 00:09:57,690
475
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ุดูŠ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:57,690 --> 00:10:04,450
479
+ antigen ุงู„
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:04,450 --> 00:10:08,850
483
+ number of classes of antigen ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ number ูˆุงุญุฏ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:08,850 --> 00:10:14,540
487
+ polysaccharides ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุบุงู„ุจุง ู„ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุฅูŠู…ูˆู†ูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ุง
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:14,540 --> 00:10:21,320
491
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:21,320 --> 00:10:27,800
495
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฌู„ุงูŠูƒูˆุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุฌูŠุฏ ุฅูŠู…ูˆู†ูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠูƒ ู…ุน
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:27,800 --> 00:10:31,160
499
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ exceptional case ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:31,160 --> 00:10:37,100
503
+ ุงู„ู€ ABO blood group are polysaccharide ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูู‚ุท
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:37,100 --> 00:10:40,390
507
+ polysaccharide ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ูƒุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู…
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:40,390 --> 00:10:45,970
511
+ ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก and they are extremely and a good example
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:45,970 --> 00:10:52,970
515
+ for antigenicity ู„ู„ุจูˆู„ูŠุณุงูƒุฑุงูŠุฏ in lipids ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:52,970 --> 00:10:57,790
519
+ they are rarely immunogenic ู„ู„ูŠุจูˆุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุฑุชุจุท
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:57,790 --> 00:11:04,570
523
+ ุจุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุฃูˆ glycolipid they are immunogenic nucleic
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:04,570 --> 00:11:10,450
527
+ acid by themselves They are poor immunogens ู„ูƒู† ุนู†ุฏู…ุง
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:10,450 --> 00:11:13,830
531
+ ูŠุฑุชุจุทูˆุง ุจุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† They are good
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:13,830 --> 00:11:18,190
535
+ immunogens ููŠ ุญุฏุซ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ E ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ Anti
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:18,190 --> 00:11:23,310
539
+ -DNA antibody are formed ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุถุฏ ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:23,310 --> 00:11:29,250
543
+ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† All proteins ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ are immunogenic
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:29,250 --> 00:11:35,450
547
+ Complex proteins are more immunogenic ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:35,450 --> 00:11:41,290
551
+ multiple epitopes ุจู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุงู„ู€ cross reactivity ุทุจุนุง
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:41,290 --> 00:11:45,430
555
+ ุฃุญุณู† ุชุดุจูŠู‡ ู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุชูƒุณูˆูŠุฏ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠู†
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:45,430 --> 00:11:48,750
559
+ ูˆุงู„ุชูƒุณูˆูŠุฏุŸ ู‚ู„ุชู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ ุจุณ ุงู„ุชูƒุณูˆูŠุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:48,750 --> 00:11:52,870
563
+ ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุงู†ูุณู„ุช ุณู…ู‘ูŠุชู‡ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ immunogenicity
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:52,870 --> 00:11:59,150
567
+ still there ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ immunogenicity is there
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:59,150 --> 00:12:05,650
571
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ toxicity is removed ูŠุณู…ู‘ูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชูƒุณูˆูŠุฏ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:06,300 --> 00:12:12,420
575
+ ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูƒุณูˆูŠุฏ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชูƒุณูˆูŠุฏ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:12,420 --> 00:12:13,160
579
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:13,160 --> 00:12:13,360
583
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:13,360 --> 00:12:16,480
587
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:16,480 --> 00:12:20,880
591
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:20,880 --> 00:12:23,800
595
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:23,800 --> 00:12:28,900
599
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:28,900 --> 00:12:32,560
603
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:32,560 --> 00:12:41,170
607
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุจุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณู…ู‰ ูƒุงู„ุชุฑู…ูŠุฒ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:41,170 --> 00:12:45,910
611
+ ุงู„ู‡ูˆู…ูˆู„ูˆุฌุฒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌุฒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:45,910 --> 00:12:53,250
615
+ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ู„ุนู…ู„ immunization ูŠุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุจุฏู‡
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:53,250 --> 00:12:58,610
619
+ ูŠุนู…ู„ immune response ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู‡ูˆู…ูˆู„ูˆุฌุฒ ุฃูˆ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:58,610 --> 00:13:05,400
623
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌุฒุงู„ู‡ูˆู…ูˆู„ูˆุฌุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ูˆ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:05,400 --> 00:13:09,640
627
+ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠูˆู†ูˆุฌูŠู† ูŠุฎุชู„ูุงู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌุณ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:09,640 --> 00:13:13,760
631
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ูˆุงู„ุงู…ูŠูˆู†ูˆุฌูŠู† ูŠุฎุชู„ูุงู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู†
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:13,760 --> 00:13:16,220
635
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌุณ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู†
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:16,220 --> 00:13:21,140
639
+ ูˆุงู„ุงู…ูŠูˆู†ูˆุฌูŠู† ูŠุฎุชู„ูุงู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌุณ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:21,140 --> 00:13:26,500
643
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ูˆุงู„ุงู…ูŠูˆู†ูˆุฌูŠู† ูŠุฎุชู„ูุงู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู†
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:26,500 --> 00:13:28,900
647
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌุณ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠูˆู†ูˆุฌูŠู† ูŠุฎุชู„ู ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู†
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:28,900 --> 00:13:31,230
651
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌุณ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠูˆู†ูˆุฌูŠู† ูŠุฎุชู„ู ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ Cross
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:31,230 --> 00:13:39,330
655
+ -reacting substance are
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:39,330 --> 00:13:44,210
659
+ unrelated to each other ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ cross-reacting
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:44,210 --> 00:13:49,810
663
+ material ู„ุง ุชุชุดุงุจู‡ ู„ุง ุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุจุนุถ that they have one
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:49,810 --> 00:13:52,830
667
+ or more epitopes in common ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:52,830 --> 00:14:00,190
671
+ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Epitopes is shared or common ููŠ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:00,190 --> 00:14:05,650
675
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ูŠุณู…ู‰ ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆููŠู„ูŠูƒ ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ูˆุฃุญุณู†
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:05,650 --> 00:14:11,990
679
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ blood group B antigen ู‡ู…
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:11,990 --> 00:14:16,330
683
+ ูŠุชูุงุนู„ูˆู† ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ antibody ู„ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฃุณู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ุฅูŠูƒูˆู„ุงูŠู…
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:16,330 --> 00:14:21,530
687
+ ุงู„ู€ antigen ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ุฃูˆ ูƒุงุฆู† ุญูŠ ูŠุณู…ู‰ ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆููŠู„ูŠูƒ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:21,530 --> 00:14:26,150
691
+ ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ blood group antigen
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:32,570 --> 00:14:36,410
695
+ ุฃุฏุฌูˆุจุงู†ุฏ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุฃุฏุฌูˆุจุงู†ุฏ ุฃูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุถุงู ุนู„ู‰
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:36,410 --> 00:14:42,770
699
+ ุงู„ู€ immunogen ู„ุฅุฒุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ immunogenicity ู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠุญูุธ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:42,770 --> 00:14:49,630
703
+ ุงู„ู€ immune ุฃุฏุฌูˆุจุงู†ุฏ ู„ุง ูŠุดุงุฑูƒ ุงู„ู€ immunogenicity ุนู„ู‰
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:49,630 --> 00:14:54,890
707
+ ุงู„ู‡ุงุจุชูŠู† ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู…ุดุชุบู„ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ adjuvant
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:54,890 --> 00:14:57,210
711
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุดุฎุต ูŠุฒุงู„
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:57,210 --> 00:14:58,550
715
+ ูŠุฒุงู„
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:58,550 --> 00:15:00,790
719
+ ูŠุฒุงู„
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:00,790 --> 00:15:02,040
723
+ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒูˆุฏ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:02,040 --> 00:15:06,440
727
+ ุงู„ู€ half-life ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุงุซู†ูŠู† increasing the production
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:06,440 --> 00:15:11,880
731
+ of local inflammatory cytokine ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:11,880 --> 00:15:16,440
735
+ improving antigen delivery and antigen processing
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:16,440 --> 00:15:20,200
739
+ and presentation by antigen presenting cell
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:20,200 --> 00:15:25,620
743
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ adjuvant containing microbial compound
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:25,620 --> 00:15:30,920
747
+ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู€ mycobacterial extract are the best
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:30,920 --> 00:15:35,660
751
+ adjuvant ู…ุซุงู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ adjuvant ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:35,660 --> 00:15:41,800
755
+ microbial component ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู€ myobacterial extract
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:41,800 --> 00:15:46,820
759
+ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:46,820 --> 00:15:53,480
763
+ ุนู† figure ูŠุจูŠู† ู„ูŠ common adjuvant ูˆุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:53,480 --> 00:15:57,180
767
+ Aluminium Hydroxide ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Aluminium Phosphate
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:57,180 --> 00:16:01,780
771
+ ุชุฃุฎุฐ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:01,780 --> 00:16:09,580
775
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุชุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ูˆู‡ูŠ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุฃุดู‡ุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ูุฑู†ุณูŠุฉ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:09,580 --> 00:16:12,720
779
+ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† complete ุฃูˆ incomplete ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† oil
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:12,720 --> 00:16:22,350
783
+ in water with killed mycobacteria ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ูˆุฅู†
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:22,350 --> 00:16:26,250
787
+ ุงูƒุชููŠ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุนู† ุงู„ู€ antigen ูˆ ุงู„ู€ immunogen
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:26,250 --> 00:16:31,750
791
+ ู…ุด ู…ุนู†ูŠู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุจุณุชูŠู† ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ ูŠูƒููŠู†ุง
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:31,750 --> 00:16:38,290
795
+ ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู„ู„ุชุฐูƒูŠุฑ
PL9fwy3NUQKwYQ8nzyth9nyErvTJtUFKlo/ZBIIfkK9UEc_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,812 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:01,740 --> 00:00:08,940
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ุชุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:08,940 --> 00:00:17,600
7
+ immunogen ูˆ ุงู„ antigen ุชุนุฑูŠูุงุช ูˆ ุฎุตุงุฆุต ูˆ ุจุนุถ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:17,600 --> 00:00:24,400
11
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุชุทุฑู‚ ู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุงูŠ ู†ุงุฏ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:24,400 --> 00:00:35,770
15
+ ุฏู‡ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู†ุชุญูุธ ุงู„ response is referred to as
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:35,770 --> 00:00:42,930
19
+ antigen or immunogen ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุงูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ evokes ุชุญูุธ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:42,930 --> 00:00:46,950
23
+ ุงู„ response is referred to as antigen or immunogen
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:46,950 --> 00:00:52,950
27
+ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู† ุงู„ antigen ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:52,950 --> 00:00:58,620
31
+ ู…ุงุฏุฉุฃูŠ agent that is capable specifically to bind
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:58,620 --> 00:01:03,220
35
+ with ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ immune response ุฒูŠ ุงู„ PCR
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:03,220 --> 00:01:08,500
39
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ BCL ุฃูˆ ุงู„ antibody ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ immunogen ู‡ูˆ ุฃูŠ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:08,500 --> 00:01:14,920
43
+ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู† ุชุญูุธ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ูˆุชู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ immune
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:14,920 --> 00:01:19,640
47
+ response ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ antigen ูู‚ุท ูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:19,640 --> 00:01:22,980
51
+ immune response ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุญูุธ ุงู„ antibody ุงู„
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:22,980 --> 00:01:27,440
55
+ immune responseุจู†ุจุน ุงู„ immunogen ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ูŠุญูุธ ุงู„
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:27,440 --> 00:01:31,440
59
+ immune response ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒู„ immunogen ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:31,440 --> 00:01:38,880
63
+ antigen ู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ูˆ vice versa ุงู„herkin ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุขุฎุฑ ู‡ูˆ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:38,880 --> 00:01:45,040
67
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ by itself it is incapable of
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:45,040 --> 00:01:51,640
71
+ inducing immune response ู„ูƒู† ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจู…ุงุฏุฉ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:51,640 --> 00:01:58,110
75
+ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุง carrier ุจูŠูƒุจุฑ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู† ูŠุญูุธ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:58,110 --> 00:02:02,050
79
+ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ูˆุทุจุนุง ุงู„ antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:02,050 --> 00:02:04,970
83
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู† ูŠุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ carrier ูˆู…ุน ุงู„
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:04,970 --> 00:02:12,010
87
+ antiheptin itself requirement for immunogenicity
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:12,010 --> 00:02:18,550
91
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ immunogenicity ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุชูŠุฉ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:18,550 --> 00:02:22,150
95
+ ู„ู…ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ antigen ุงูˆ immunogen should be foreign
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:23,220 --> 00:02:27,240
99
+ ูˆ ุงู„ foreigners ุทุจุนุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุงูŠ ุงู†ุณุงู† ู…ุงููŠุด ุงู†
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:27,240 --> 00:02:31,680
103
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:31,680 --> 00:02:37,840
107
+ ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ self-antigen ุชุจุนุชู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ self-antigen
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:37,840 --> 00:02:44,660
111
+ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ูˆ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ agent ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุฎู„
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:44,660 --> 00:02:48,160
115
+ foreign ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† more immunogenic
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:50,760 --> 00:02:53,840
119
+ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ exceptional case ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:53,840 --> 00:02:57,440
123
+ autoimmunity ุงู†ู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:57,440 --> 00:03:09,260
127
+ antibody ุชุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน self-antigen ุงูˆ ุชุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน his
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:09,260 --> 00:03:15,840
131
+ or her own tissue ุตูุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ immunogenicity ุงู„
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:17,170 --> 00:03:19,670
135
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ high molecular weight ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ูƒุงู„ุงุซูŠ ุฌุงู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:19,670 --> 00:03:22,710
139
+ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 100 ุฏุงู„ุชูˆู† ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุจู†ุณุงู„ูŠู†
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:22,710 --> 00:03:26,730
143
+ ูˆุงู„ุงุณุจุงุฑูŠูˆ ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฌุณุชุฑูˆู† ูู‡ูŠ ู„ูŠุณุช ุฅู…ูŠู†ูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู†
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:26,730 --> 00:03:31,330
147
+ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุฃู„ู ู„ุณุชุฉ ู„ุงู ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุณุบูŠู† ูˆ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:31,330 --> 00:03:38,850
151
+ LCTH ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† they are or not they may or may not be
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:38,850 --> 00:03:42,820
155
+ ุฅู…ูŠู†ูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุฉ ูˆูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ู„ุงูุฏุงู„ุชูˆู†
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:42,820 --> 00:03:45,960
159
+ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠู„ุงุฑ ูˆูŠุช ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุงู„ุจูˆู…ูŠู† it's generally
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:45,960 --> 00:03:50,080
163
+ immunogenic ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูˆู„ ุตูุฉ ุงู„ foreignest ูˆ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุตูุฉ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:50,080 --> 00:03:52,880
167
+ ุงู„ I molecular weight ุชุงู„ุช ุตูุฉ ุงู„ chemical
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:52,880 --> 00:03:57,240
171
+ complexity ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ molecule more complex
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:57,240 --> 00:04:02,970
175
+ and not homopolymer ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ copolymerูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:02,970 --> 00:04:09,730
179
+ ุฌูŠุฏ ุงู…ูŠูˆู†ูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู…ุซุงู„
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:09,730 --> 00:04:12,750
183
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฌู„ูˆุชุงู…ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุนู„ู†ูŠ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:12,750 --> 00:04:20,930
187
+ ุงู„ุนูŠุณูŠู† to be highly ุงู…ูŠูˆู†ูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠูƒ ุงู„ degradability
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:20,930 --> 00:04:26,830
191
+ should be capable of degradationation ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุงู„
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:26,830 --> 00:04:30,830
195
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู†ู‡ ูŠู†ุดุท ุชูŠู„ูŠู†ูุณุงูŠุฏ ูˆูŠุนู…ู„
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:30,830 --> 00:04:34,770
199
+ immune responseู„ุงุจุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน antigen
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:34,770 --> 00:04:37,330
203
+ presenting cell ุดูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ antigen presenting cell
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:37,330 --> 00:04:42,050
207
+ ุชุงุฎุฏู‡ ูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ antigen processing ุจุชุดุฌูู‡ ูˆ ุจุชู‚ุทุนู‡
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:42,050 --> 00:04:48,810
211
+ by enzymatic degradation ุซู… ุจูŠุทู„ุน
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:48,810 --> 00:04:52,110
215
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ antigen presenting cell ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„MRC
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:52,110 --> 00:04:56,250
219
+ moleculeุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทู„ุนุช ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Epitopes ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:56,250 --> 00:05:00,870
223
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุงู„-MHC ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:00,870 --> 00:05:05,410
227
+ Epitopes ุชุณุชู…ูŠู„ ูˆ ุชุดุบู‘ู„ ุงุชูุงู‚ ูƒู„ูˆู†ุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุฎุงุต
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:05,410 --> 00:05:12,250
231
+ ุจุงู„ุฅููƒุชูˆุฑ T-cell ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุฉ ุฃูˆ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:12,250 --> 00:05:19,150
235
+ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู†ูˆุงุณุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู„ุชุญุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุชูŠูƒูŠุง ูู‡ูŠ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:19,150 --> 00:05:24,930
239
+ ู„ูŠุณูˆุง ุงู…ูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠูƒูŠุงุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ D-Configuration Amino
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:24,930 --> 00:05:30,610
243
+ Acids ุงู„ู€ D-Configuration Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:30,610 --> 00:05:34,550
247
+ -Configuration
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:34,550 --> 00:05:36,930
251
+ Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D-Configuration Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:36,930 --> 00:05:37,050
255
+ -Configuration Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D-Configuration
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:37,050 --> 00:05:37,130
259
+ Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D-Configuration Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:37,130 --> 00:05:37,170
263
+ -Configuration Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D-Configuration
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:37,170 --> 00:05:37,530
267
+ Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D-Configuration Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:37,530 --> 00:05:37,670
271
+ -Configuration Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D-Configuration
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:37,670 --> 00:05:37,670
275
+ Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D-Configuration Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:37,670 --> 00:05:37,670
279
+ -Configuration Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D-Configuration
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:37,670 --> 00:05:40,270
283
+ Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D-Configuration Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:40,270 --> 00:05:41,910
287
+ -Configuration Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D-Configuration
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:41,910 --> 00:05:50,470
291
+ Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D-Configuration Amino Acids ุงู„ู€ D
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:50,470 --> 00:05:52,310
295
+ -Configuration Amino Acids ุงู„ู€
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:01,660 --> 00:06:08,300
299
+ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุตู†ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฏูƒุช
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:08,300 --> 00:06:13,720
303
+ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุดุฎุต ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุฎุฑ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฏูƒุช ุงูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู†
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:13,720 --> 00:06:15,520
307
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฏูƒุช ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุดุฎุต ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุฎุฑ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฏูƒุช
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:15,520 --> 00:06:22,080
311
+ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฏูƒุช ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:22,080 --> 00:06:25,660
315
+ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุดุฎุต ู„ูˆุงุญุฏDosage and Route of
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:25,660 --> 00:06:31,140
319
+ Administration ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุฎุฏูˆุง ููŠ ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุงุนุชุจุงุฑ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:31,140 --> 00:06:34,900
323
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูƒูˆู† repeated administration
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:34,900 --> 00:06:40,120
327
+ ู„ู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุถู„ ู†ุฏุฎู„ ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุงุช ู…ุชุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ุจุตูŠุฑ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:40,120 --> 00:06:44,120
331
+ ููŠู‡ strong immune response ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฏุฎู„ู†ุง ุงู†ุชุฌู†
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:44,120 --> 00:06:49,660
335
+ ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ immune responses will not be
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:49,660 --> 00:06:54,660
339
+ activatedูˆู„ุง ู‡ุชุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ุงู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ูˆููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:54,660 --> 00:06:59,960
343
+ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฑุงุณ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุงูŠ ุงูŠุด immunoresponse ุณุงุจู‚ุง
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:59,960 --> 00:07:04,040
347
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑู†ุณู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ administration ูˆ antigen
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:04,040 --> 00:07:10,500
351
+ ุณุงุจู‚ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑู†ุณู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุงู„ roads immunogenicity
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:10,500 --> 00:07:13,940
355
+ ู„ุงู†ู‡ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฎู„ immunogenicity ู„ุงู† ุงู„
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:13,940 --> 00:07:20,680
359
+ antrepresenting cell ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุชุญุชู‡ุง ุชุญุช ู„ูŠุดุŸุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:20,680 --> 00:07:25,700
363
+ ุชุชู„ู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ูˆุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:25,700 --> 00:07:28,940
367
+ processor present ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† to effector cell ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:28,940 --> 00:07:35,160
371
+ ุฅุฐุง ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† through IV ูŠุนู†ูŠ intravenous
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:35,160 --> 00:07:44,660
375
+ administration ูู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุงุณู…ูŠู† ูˆู‡ู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:44,660 --> 00:07:45,340
379
+ tolerance
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:49,360 --> 00:07:54,120
383
+ ุฃูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูˆุงุฌู‡ antigen-presenting cell ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:54,120 --> 00:07:57,360
387
+ immune response ุฅู†ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ูŠุถุนู… ุงู„ tolerance
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:57,360 --> 00:08:01,840
391
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงุนุชู†ุงุก subcutaneously ููŠ ุงู„ .. sorry
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:01,840 --> 00:08:07,840
395
+ intravenously ุงู„ antigen ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ tract ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ูˆ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:07,840 --> 00:08:12,580
399
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† root that
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:12,580 --> 00:08:15,620
403
+ produce systemic state of tolerance
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:18,200 --> 00:08:22,660
407
+ ุฅู„ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ Local Antibody Production ููŠ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:22,660 --> 00:08:28,100
411
+ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุณุชู†ุงู„ Lamina Propria ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ูŠุนู…ู„
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:28,100 --> 00:08:33,100
415
+ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุตู Administration of Antigen via Intranasal
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:33,100 --> 00:08:39,300
419
+ or Respiratory Route ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ allergic reaction
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:39,300 --> 00:08:42,640
423
+ Antigenicity
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:42,640 --> 00:08:47,820
427
+ ูˆ Antigen Binding Sitesุงู„ู€ immune response induced
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:47,820 --> 00:08:52,180
431
+ by antigen usually generate antibody ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:52,180 --> 00:08:56,760
435
+ lymphocyte that react specifically with the
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:56,760 --> 00:09:00,460
439
+ antigen ุงู„ุจูˆุฑุดูŠู†
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:00,460 --> 00:09:03,080
443
+ ู…ู„ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุชุจุงุท ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ antigen ูˆ ุงู„ antibody
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:03,080 --> 00:09:09,460
447
+ ุจุชุชู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฅูŠุจูˆุชุฑูˆุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ antigen ูˆู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ููŠ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:09,460 --> 00:09:14,300
451
+ ุงู„ antibody ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ several hyper variable
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:14,300 --> 00:09:19,920
455
+ region ููŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูุงุจ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู€
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:19,920 --> 00:09:23,560
459
+ hyper variable region ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุช ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:23,560 --> 00:09:27,800
463
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง complementary determining region ุญุฌู… ุงู„
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:27,800 --> 00:09:35,460
467
+ ุงุจุชูˆุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ CDR ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุณุจุนุฉ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:35,460 --> 00:09:42,280
471
+ amino acids ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ ุงุจุชูˆุจ ุชู…ุงู…ูŠุง ู„ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ amino
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:42,280 --> 00:09:49,790
475
+ acids ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจูŠูƒูˆู† non-covalentูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ุจูƒูˆุจูƒ ุชูƒูˆู†
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:49,790 --> 00:09:53,630
479
+ ุชุฑุดูŠุฑูŠ complex ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ antigen presenting cell
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:53,630 --> 00:09:57,690
483
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ุดูŠ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:57,690 --> 00:10:04,450
487
+ antigen ุงู„
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:04,450 --> 00:10:08,850
491
+ number of classes of antigen ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ number ูˆุงุญุฏ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:08,850 --> 00:10:14,540
495
+ polysaccharidesูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุบุงู„ุจุง ู„ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุฅู…ูŠูˆู†ูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ุง
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:14,540 --> 00:10:21,320
499
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:21,320 --> 00:10:27,800
503
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุฌูŠุฏ ุฅู…ูŠูˆู†ูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠูƒ ู…ุน
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:27,800 --> 00:10:31,160
507
+ ุทุจุน ุงู„ exceptional case ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:31,160 --> 00:10:37,100
511
+ ุงู„ ABO ABO blood group are polysaccharide ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูู‚ุท
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:37,100 --> 00:10:40,390
515
+ polysaccharideูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ูƒูˆุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู…
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:40,390 --> 00:10:45,970
519
+ ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก and they are extremely and a good example
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:45,970 --> 00:10:52,970
523
+ for antigenicity ู„ุงู„ุจูˆู„ูŠุณุงูƒุฑุงูŠุฏ in lipids ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:52,970 --> 00:10:57,790
527
+ they are rarely immunogenic ู„ูŠุจูˆุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูŠูˆู… ุชุฑุชุจุท
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:57,790 --> 00:11:04,570
531
+ ุจุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงูˆ glycolipid they are immunogenic nucleic
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:04,570 --> 00:11:10,450
535
+ acid by themselvesThey are poor immunogens ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:10,450 --> 00:11:13,830
539
+ ูŠุฑุชุจุทูˆุง ุจุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† They are good
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:13,830 --> 00:11:18,190
543
+ immunogens ููŠ ุญุฏุซ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ E ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ Anti
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:18,190 --> 00:11:23,310
547
+ -DNA antibody are formed ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุถุฏ ุงู„ ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:23,310 --> 00:11:29,250
551
+ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† All ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ are immunogenic
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:29,250 --> 00:11:35,450
555
+ Complex ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† are more immunogenic ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุญุชูˆู‰ ุนู„ู‰
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:35,450 --> 00:11:41,290
559
+ multiple ุฅุจูŠุชูˆุจู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุงู„ู€ cross reactivity ุทุจุนุง
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:41,290 --> 00:11:45,430
563
+ ุฃุญุณู† ุชุดุจูŠู‡ ู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุชูƒุณูˆูŠุฏ ู…ุงู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠู†
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:45,430 --> 00:11:48,750
567
+ ูˆุงู„ุชูƒุณูˆูŠุฏุŸ ู‚ู„ุชู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ ุจุณ ุงู„ุชูƒุณูˆูŠุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:48,750 --> 00:11:52,870
571
+ ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุดุงู„ุช ุณู…ูŠุชู‡ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ immunogenicity
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:52,870 --> 00:11:59,150
575
+ still there ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ immunogenicity is there
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:59,150 --> 00:12:05,650
579
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ toxicity is removed ุจุณู…ูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชูƒุณูˆูŠุฏ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:06,300 --> 00:12:12,420
583
+ ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุชูƒุณูŠุฏ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุชูƒุณูŠุฏ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:12,420 --> 00:12:13,160
587
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:13,160 --> 00:12:13,360
591
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:13,360 --> 00:12:16,480
595
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:16,480 --> 00:12:20,880
599
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุจุดูƒู„
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:20,880 --> 00:12:23,800
603
+ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุจุดูƒู„
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:23,800 --> 00:12:28,900
607
+ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุจุดูƒู„
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:28,900 --> 00:12:32,560
611
+ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุจุดูƒู„
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:32,560 --> 00:12:41,170
615
+ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุจุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณู…ู‰ ูƒุงู„ุชุฑู…ุฒ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:41,170 --> 00:12:45,910
619
+ ุงู„ู‡ูˆู…ูˆู„ูˆุฌุฒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌุฒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู„ู‰
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:45,910 --> 00:12:53,250
623
+ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนู…ู„ immunization ุจุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุฏู‡
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:53,250 --> 00:12:58,610
627
+ ูŠุนู…ู„ immune response ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู‡ูˆู…ูˆู„ูˆุฌุฒ ุฃูˆ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:58,610 --> 00:13:05,400
631
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌุฒุงู„ู‡ูˆู…ูˆู„ูˆุฌุณ ุจูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ูˆ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:05,400 --> 00:13:09,640
635
+ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠูˆู†ูˆุฌูŠู† ูŠุฎุชู„ููˆุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌุณ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:09,640 --> 00:13:13,760
639
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุงู…ูŠูˆู†ูˆุฌูŠู† ูŠุฎุชู„ููˆุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู†
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:13,760 --> 00:13:13,760
643
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌุณ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุงู…ูŠูˆู†ูˆุฌู† ูŠุฎุชู„ู ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:13,760 --> 00:13:13,760
647
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌุณ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุงู…ูŠูˆู†ูˆุฌู† ูŠุฎุชู„ู
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:13,760 --> 00:13:16,220
651
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌุณ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู†
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:16,220 --> 00:13:21,140
655
+ ูˆุงู„ุงู…ูŠูˆู†ูˆุฌู† ูŠุฎุชู„ู ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌุณ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:21,140 --> 00:13:26,500
659
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุงู…ูŠูˆู†ูˆุฌู† ูŠุฎุชู„ู ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู†
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:26,500 --> 00:13:28,900
663
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌุณ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠูˆู†ูˆุฌู† ูŠุฎุชู„ู ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู†
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:28,900 --> 00:13:31,230
667
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌุณ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠูˆู†ูˆุฌู† ูŠุฎุชู„ู ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„Cross
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:31,230 --> 00:13:39,330
671
+ -reacting substance are
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:39,330 --> 00:13:44,210
675
+ unrelated to each other ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ cross-reacting
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:44,210 --> 00:13:49,810
679
+ material ู„ุง ุชุชุดุงุจู‡ ู„ุง ุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุนุถ that they have one
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:13:49,810 --> 00:13:52,830
683
+ or more epitopes in common ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠู‡
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:13:52,830 --> 00:14:00,190
687
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ Epitopes is shared or commonููŠ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:00,190 --> 00:14:05,650
691
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ูŠุณู…ู‰ ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆููŠู„ูŠูƒ ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ูˆ ุงุญุณู†
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:05,650 --> 00:14:11,990
695
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ blood group B ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ู‡ู…
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:11,990 --> 00:14:16,330
699
+ ูŠุชูุงุนู„ูˆู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ู„ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฃุณู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ุฅูŠูƒูˆู„ุงูŠู…
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:16,330 --> 00:14:21,530
703
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุนุฑูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ูŠุณู…ู‰ ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆููŠู„ูŠูƒ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:21,530 --> 00:14:26,150
707
+ ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ blood group antigen
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:32,570 --> 00:14:36,410
711
+ ุฃุฏุฌูˆุจุงู†ุฏ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุฃุฏุฌูˆุจุงู†ุฏ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุถุงู ุนู„ู‰
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:36,410 --> 00:14:42,770
715
+ ุงู„ุฅูŠู…ูŠูˆู†ูˆุฌูŠู† ู„ุฅุฒุงู„ุฉ ุฅูŠู…ูŠูˆู†ูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุณุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠุญูุธ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:42,770 --> 00:14:49,630
719
+ ุงู„ุฅูŠู…ูŠูˆู† ุฃุฏุฌูˆุจุงู†ุฏ ู„ุง ูŠุดุงุฑูƒ ุงู„ุฅูŠู…ูŠูˆู†ูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุณุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:49,630 --> 00:14:54,890
723
+ ุงู„ู‡ุงุจุชูŠู† ู…ุงู‡ูˆ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุดุชุบู„ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุงุฏุฌูˆุจุงู†ุฏ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:54,890 --> 00:14:57,210
727
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุดุฎุต ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:57,210 --> 00:14:58,550
731
+ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:58,550 --> 00:15:00,790
735
+ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:00,790 --> 00:15:02,040
739
+ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฒูˆุฏ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:02,040 --> 00:15:06,440
743
+ ุงู„ half-life ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† increasing the production
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:06,440 --> 00:15:11,880
747
+ of local inflammatory cytokine ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:11,880 --> 00:15:16,440
751
+ improving antigen delivery and antigen processing
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:16,440 --> 00:15:20,200
755
+ and presentation by antigen presenting cell
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:20,200 --> 00:15:25,620
759
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ adjuvant containing microbial compound
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:25,620 --> 00:15:30,920
763
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ myocardialmyobacterial extract are the best
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:30,920 --> 00:15:35,660
767
+ adjuvant ู…ุซุงู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ adjuvant ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:35,660 --> 00:15:41,800
771
+ microbial component ุฒูŠ ุงู„ myobacterial extract
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:41,800 --> 00:15:46,820
775
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:46,820 --> 00:15:53,480
779
+ ุนู† figure ูŠุจูŠู† ู„ูŠ common adjuvant ูˆุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนู…ู„ู‡ุงุงู„ู€
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:53,480 --> 00:15:57,180
783
+ Aluminium Hydroxide ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Aluminium Phosphate
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:15:57,180 --> 00:16:01,780
787
+ ุชุฃุฎุฐ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:01,780 --> 00:16:09,580
791
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุชุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ูˆู‡ูŠ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุฃุดู‡ุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ูุฑู†ุณุง
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:09,580 --> 00:16:12,720
795
+ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† complete ูˆู„ุง incomplete ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† oil
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:12,720 --> 00:16:22,350
799
+ in water with killed mycobacteria ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉูˆุฅู†
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:22,350 --> 00:16:26,250
803
+ ุงูƒุชููŠ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุนู† ุงู„ antigen ูˆ ุงู„ immunogen
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:26,250 --> 00:16:31,750
807
+ ู…ุด ู…ุนู†ูŠู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุจุณุชูŠู† ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ ูŠูƒููŠู†ุง
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:31,750 --> 00:16:38,290
811
+ ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู„ู„ุชุฐูƒูŠุฑ
812
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYQ8nzyth9nyErvTJtUFKlo/dR8u2iQjrs4.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1979 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:01,580 --> 00:00:06,500
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุนู†ูˆุงู† ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:06,500 --> 00:00:13,180
7
+ autoimmunity and disease ุงู„ู€ autoimmunity ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุฑ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:13,180 --> 00:00:16,540
11
+ ุฃู†ุญุงุก ู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุชู†ุดุฃ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ breakdown of
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:16,540 --> 00:00:17,360
15
+ self tolerance
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:24,590 --> 00:00:28,070
19
+ ุงู„ู€ .. ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ consequences of autoimmune disease
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:28,070 --> 00:00:31,570
23
+ ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฏุด ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ self-tolerance
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:31,570 --> 00:00:34,970
27
+ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:34,970 --> 00:00:38,950
31
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ูุฑู‚ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ู…ุตุทู„ุญูŠู† ุจูŠู† autoimmune
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:38,950 --> 00:00:41,390
35
+ response ูˆ autoimmune disease ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ autoimmune
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:41,390 --> 00:00:43,890
39
+ disease ุนู… ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ autoimmune
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:43,890 --> 00:00:47,090
43
+ response ุจุชุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ููŠ recognition of self-antigen
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:04,800 --> 00:01:11,660
47
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ุจุนู†ูˆุงู†
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:11,660 --> 00:01:15,880
51
+ autoimmunity and disease ุงู„ู€ autoimmune disease ู‡ูŠ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:15,880 --> 00:01:20,470
55
+ ุชุนุฑูŠูุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† breakdown of self tolerance ูˆ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:20,470 --> 00:01:25,010
59
+ ุชุจุนุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุฌุฏุด ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:25,010 --> 00:01:29,130
63
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ self-tolerance ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ severity of
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:29,130 --> 00:01:33,590
67
+ disease ููŠ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:33,590 --> 00:01:38,450
71
+ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุณ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูุฑู‚ ู…ุง
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:38,450 --> 00:01:42,870
75
+ ุจูŠู† two terms ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ autoimmune response
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:42,870 --> 00:01:45,590
79
+ ูˆ autoimmune disease autoimmune disease ุฅู† ุดุงุก
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:45,590 --> 00:01:48,790
83
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู€ autoimmune responses
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:49,300 --> 00:01:54,240
87
+ ุจุชุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ recognition of self-antigen ุฃุฏู‰ ุฅู„ู‰
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:54,240 --> 00:01:59,540
91
+ pathological consequences ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฅูุฑุงุฒ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:59,540 --> 00:02:02,940
95
+ ุทุจุนุง ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู…ุง antibody ุฃูˆ complement activation
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:02,940 --> 00:02:06,880
99
+ ุฃูˆ immune complexes formation and cell-mediated
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:06,880 --> 00:02:07,460
103
+ immunity
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:13,700 --> 00:02:19,640
107
+ causes of autoimmune disease ุทุจุนุง ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:19,640 --> 00:02:23,400
111
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ genetic susceptibility ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ู„ุงุญุธูˆู‡ุง ู…ู†
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:23,400 --> 00:02:26,900
115
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ high incidence of autoimmune disease ููŠ ุงู„ู€
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:26,900 --> 00:02:31,840
119
+ monozygotic twins ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฃู‚ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ izygotic
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:31,840 --> 00:02:37,870
123
+ and among family member ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:37,870 --> 00:02:42,190
127
+ ุจู†ุนุฑู ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:42,190 --> 00:02:49,850
131
+ ุนุงุฆู„ุงุช ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ mode of
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:49,850 --> 00:02:54,830
135
+ inheritance generally ูˆ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู…ุด ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:54,830 --> 00:02:58,730
139
+ gene ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† polygenic ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู† ููŠ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:58,730 --> 00:03:06,550
143
+ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† individual gene has to be illicited to
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:06,550 --> 00:03:10,930
147
+ form a disease ู…ู†
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:10,930 --> 00:03:13,790
151
+ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ autoimmune disease
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:13,790 --> 00:03:18,130
155
+ ุงู„ู€ HLA complexes ูˆุทุจุนุง
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:18,130 --> 00:03:20,590
159
+ ู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:20,590 --> 00:03:24,410
163
+ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ุงู…ุณูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:26,380 --> 00:03:31,800
167
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:31,800 --> 00:03:34,960
171
+ ุจูŠุณุชู„ุฒู…
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:34,960 --> 00:03:39,460
175
+ it require other gene to cooperate ุฃูˆ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:39,460 --> 00:03:43,660
179
+ environmental triggers ู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ gene
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:43,660 --> 00:03:48,600
183
+ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏ ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ high
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:48,600 --> 00:03:53,620
187
+ incidence of this disease ู„ูƒู† to become a patient
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:53,620 --> 00:03:54,800
191
+ he has
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:03,740 --> 00:04:08,600
195
+ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุณูŠุฑ ููŠ ุญุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ autoimmune disease ุทุจุนุง
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:08,600 --> 00:04:14,780
199
+ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ mice ุงุซุจุชุช ุฃู† HLA gene can
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:14,780 --> 00:04:19,120
203
+ interfere with many different pathway ููŠ ุงู„ู€
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:19,120 --> 00:04:24,440
207
+ cellular function ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ autoimmune
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:24,440 --> 00:04:29,740
211
+ disease ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ autoimmune disease
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:29,740 --> 00:04:32,120
215
+ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ over expression ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ under expression of
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:32,120 --> 00:04:36,020
219
+ ุฌูŠู† ูˆ ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ are involved in
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:36,020 --> 00:04:37,760
223
+ apoptosis and cell survival
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:45,140 --> 00:04:46,120
227
+ ูˆุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:46,120 --> 00:04:46,860
231
+ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:46,860 --> 00:04:50,020
235
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:50,020 --> 00:04:54,620
239
+ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:54,620 --> 00:04:58,460
243
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:58,460 --> 00:05:01,100
247
+ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:01,100 --> 00:05:07,420
251
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:09,640 --> 00:05:13,020
255
+ Deficiency in pro-apoptic molecules ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ Fas
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:13,020 --> 00:05:17,980
259
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Fas Ligand ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ over expression of anti-apoptic
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:17,980 --> 00:05:23,640
263
+ molecules ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ BCL2 ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฌูŠู† ุจูŠ code for ุงู„ู€
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:23,640 --> 00:05:29,390
267
+ protein ูŠู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ apoptosis Can interfere
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:29,390 --> 00:05:36,350
271
+ the apoptosis ุทุจุนุง ุบูŠุงุจู‡ู… ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ diminution of
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:36,350 --> 00:05:40,430
275
+ apoptosis ูˆุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ diminution of apoptosis ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:40,430 --> 00:05:45,630
279
+ ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ auto reactive B and T cell ูˆู‡ุฐุง
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:45,630 --> 00:05:50,870
283
+ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ auto antibody production ูˆุทุจุนุง ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:50,870 --> 00:05:56,870
287
+ ุงู„ู€ antibody ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ antinuclear antibody ุงู„ู€ T cell
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:58,200 --> 00:06:06,500
291
+ ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุชุณู„ู„ auto reactivity ู„ุฌูˆู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุจุชุตูŠุฑ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:06,500 --> 00:06:10,360
295
+ as a result of expression of pro inflammatory
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:10,360 --> 00:06:17,550
299
+ cytokine ุฒูŠ IL-10 ุฃูˆ excessive costimulation due to
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:17,550 --> 00:06:26,170
303
+ overexpression of B7C28 ูˆ a deficiency of
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:26,170 --> 00:06:32,490
307
+ inhibitor of costimulation reaction ู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:32,490 --> 00:06:41,720
311
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ auto reactive T cell ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ู„ุนุจ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:41,720 --> 00:06:46,700
315
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ strength of signal transduction ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:46,700 --> 00:06:52,620
319
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ under expression ู„ู€ CD 22 ุฃูˆ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:52,620 --> 00:07:04,760
323
+ over expression ู„ู€ CD 19 ุฃูŠุถุง
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:11,220 --> 00:07:16,920
327
+ Enhanced T Cell Helps
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:16,920 --> 00:07:21,040
331
+ Enhance
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:21,040 --> 00:07:25,140
335
+ Expression Of CD40 To 40-Ligand ุฃูŠุถุง Similarly
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:25,140 --> 00:07:33,400
339
+ Leads To Auto Antibody Production ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฃูŠุถุง
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:33,400 --> 00:07:36,500
343
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ Auto Immune Disease ูู‡ูˆ Under
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:36,500 --> 00:07:39,900
347
+ Expression Of Protein ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ Serum Amyloid Protein
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:40,350 --> 00:07:43,850
351
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ clearance of apoptic
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:43,850 --> 00:07:46,650
355
+ particles ุฃูˆ decreased clearance of immune
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:46,650 --> 00:07:50,790
359
+ complexes ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู† deficiency of complement
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:50,790 --> 00:07:57,810
363
+ component either C1q, C2, C3 ุฃูˆ even C4 ู‡ู… ุจูŠุคุฏูˆุง
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:57,810 --> 00:08:00,230
367
+ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ auto antibody production
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:08,330 --> 00:08:13,790
371
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Neuronal Model
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:13,790 --> 00:08:21,710
375
+ of Autoimmune Myocarditis which revealed that the
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:21,710 --> 00:08:26,210
379
+ disease susceptibility and cardiac damage ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:26,210 --> 00:08:31,030
383
+ ุนู„ู‰ Strain-specific cardiac myosin antigen
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:31,030 --> 00:08:36,110
387
+ Accessibility ูˆุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ myosin antigen ููŠ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:36,110 --> 00:08:40,850
391
+ ุงู„ู€ cardiac tissue
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:40,850 --> 00:08:46,530
395
+ Environmental susceptibility ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ several
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:46,530 --> 00:08:49,090
399
+ environmental factors either infectious ุฃูˆ non
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:49,090 --> 00:08:53,120
403
+ -infectious which can trigger autoimmunity ูƒูŠูุŸ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:53,120 --> 00:08:56,180
407
+ ุฌุงู„ู‡ by inducing release of sequestered antigen ุฃูˆ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:56,180 --> 00:08:59,620
411
+ molecular mimicry ุฃูˆ polyclonal activation ูˆุญู†ุง
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:59,620 --> 00:09:03,180
415
+ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู€
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:03,180 --> 00:09:07,240
419
+ autoimmune myocarditis ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:07,240 --> 00:09:12,220
423
+ ุจุงู„ู€ myocardial infarction ุฃูˆ cardiac ischemic
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:12,220 --> 00:09:16,160
427
+ attack ุดูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ู€ cardiac ischemic attack
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:16,160 --> 00:09:21,580
431
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ tissue damage ู„ุฃ cardiac damage ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:21,580 --> 00:09:25,940
435
+ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ sequestered antigen ู„ู„ูƒุงุฑุฏูƒ ู…ุณู„ุฒ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุฃู†
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:25,940 --> 00:09:29,600
439
+ ุณุจุจ ุงู„ู€ autoimmune myocarditis ู‡ูˆ ู†ุชุฌ ุนู† ุขุด ุงู„ู€
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:29,600 --> 00:09:32,780
443
+ consequences of exposure to sequestered antigen
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:32,780 --> 00:09:39,440
447
+ upon heart damage ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ู€ autoimmunity may also
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:39,440 --> 00:09:44,080
451
+ arise when an antibody ุฃูˆ T cell specific for
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:44,080 --> 00:09:48,740
455
+ microbial antigen cross react with self-antigen
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:48,740 --> 00:09:53,080
459
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุงู„ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ molecular mimicry ููŠ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:53,080 --> 00:10:01,580
463
+ ุชุดุงุจู‡ ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ูŠุด foreign antigen ู…ุน self-antigen T
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:01,580 --> 00:10:08,760
467
+ cell dependent self-antigen ู„ุง ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุชู…ุดุท
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:10,550 --> 00:10:17,790
471
+ ุงู„ู€ B-cell ููŠ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† auto-antibody ู„ุฃู†ู‡
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:17,790 --> 00:10:22,650
475
+ there are no auto-reactive T-cell helper ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:22,650 --> 00:10:25,950
479
+ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ B ู„ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุนูŠุทุด ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ุชุตุนุฏ ููŠ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:25,950 --> 00:10:31,990
483
+ ูุฑู† ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ูˆุชู…ุดูŠ ุจู‡ ู…ุงุจุชู‚ุฏุฑุด ุชุชู†ุดุท ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ T
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:31,990 --> 00:10:39,020
487
+ -cell ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชู†ุดุทูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ู„ุง ุชุชู…ุดุท ุฅู„ุง
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:39,020 --> 00:10:42,500
491
+ ุจู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ T-Helper Cell ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ู€ T-Lymphocyte
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:42,500 --> 00:10:51,280
495
+ is either deleted or energized ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ primary
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:51,280 --> 00:10:55,870
499
+ lymphoid organs ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ T-Lymphocyte is well
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:55,870 --> 00:11:01,050
503
+ educated ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุชุชุนู„ู… ุตุญ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุงุตุฑุฉ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:11:01,050 --> 00:11:04,130
507
+ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ูŠุงู…ุจุณูŠู„ ุงู†ุฏู„ูŠุดูŠู† ู„ู„-auto reactive
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:11:04,130 --> 00:11:12,910
511
+ telephosite ูŠุงู…ุจุณูŠู„ ุงู†ุฑุฌุฒุช ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:12,910 --> 00:11:18,770
515
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ูุฑู† ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุจูŠุชูˆุจ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:18,770 --> 00:11:23,790
519
+ similar to ุฅูŠุจูŠุชูˆุจ of self-antigen ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:23,790 --> 00:11:27,340
523
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ู„ู€ auto antibody response
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:27,340 --> 00:11:35,360
527
+ for the foreign antigen ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:35,360 --> 00:11:39,000
531
+ ุงู„ู€ self-antigen ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ cross reactivity ููŠ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:39,000 --> 00:11:43,300
535
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจุงู„ุฅูŠุด ุจุงู„ู€ molecular
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:43,300 --> 00:11:48,520
539
+ mimicry ูˆู†ุดูˆู ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ figure 12.5
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:48,520 --> 00:11:55,050
543
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… molecular mimicry ู‡ูˆ ู…ุคูƒุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุฑูˆู„
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:55,050 --> 00:12:02,110
547
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูˆู…ุงุชูŠูƒ ููŠูุฑ rheumatic fever
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:12:02,110 --> 00:12:07,230
551
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุชู†ุชุฌ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:12:07,230 --> 00:12:12,350
555
+ ู…ู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงุณุชุฑูŠุจุชูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงู„ ุงู†ููƒุดู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:12:12,350 --> 00:12:17,150
559
+ cross reactivity ููŠ ุงู„ู€ streptococcal ูˆุงู„ู€ Cardic
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:17,150 --> 00:12:22,610
563
+ Myosin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† Auto
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:22,610 --> 00:12:28,610
567
+ Antibody which can cross-reactive with the Myosin
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:28,610 --> 00:12:34,450
571
+ in the heart Autoimmune
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:34,450 --> 00:12:38,190
575
+ Diabetes ูƒู…ุงู† ุชูŠู„ูŠู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช can recognize a peptide
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:38,190 --> 00:12:45,140
579
+ ูู‚ุท ุจูŠุจุชุงูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ glutamic acid D-carboxylase ูˆู‡ุฐุง
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:45,140 --> 00:12:51,760
583
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู†ุชุฌู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ beta islet cell ู„ู‡
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:51,760 --> 00:12:56,700
587
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† cross reaction cross react with peptide
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:56,700 --> 00:13:01,740
591
+ derived from kokusaki virus ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุชุดุงุจู‡ ู…ุง ุจูŠู†
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:13:01,740 --> 00:13:06,420
595
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ kokusaki virus ูˆู…ุง ุจูŠู† a glutamic acid
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:13:06,420 --> 00:13:12,110
599
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ b cell ุจู€ islet cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:13:12,110 --> 00:13:17,530
603
+ Glutamic Acid Carboxylase Antigen ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:17,530 --> 00:13:23,750
607
+ molecular mimicry ูˆุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ autoimmune disease can
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:23,750 --> 00:13:27,270
611
+ be developed
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:27,270 --> 00:13:35,270
615
+ ุจุนุฏ ู…๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ microbial infection ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุฒูŠ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:35,270 --> 00:13:38,760
619
+ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† auto-reactive B
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:38,760 --> 00:13:47,120
623
+ lymphocytes ู…ุงุณูƒุฉ ููŠ self-antigen ูˆุงู„ู€ self
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:47,120 --> 00:13:52,860
627
+ -antigen ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจูŠุง ุงู„ู€ antigen ุจูŠุดุชุฑูƒ ู…ุนุงู‡
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:52,860 --> 00:13:58,440
631
+ ููŠ ุฅูŠุจูŠุชูˆุจ ุจูŠุดุชุฑูƒ ู…ุนุงู‡ ููŠ ุฅูŠุจูŠุชูˆุจ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ B
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:58,440 --> 00:14:06,380
635
+ lymphocytes ุชุชู…ุดุท for the foreign part ูˆุชุตุจุญ ู†ุดุทุฉ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:14:06,380 --> 00:14:11,180
639
+ ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุตุจุญ ู†ุดุทุฉ ุชุตุจุญ ู†ุดุทุฉ ู„ู†ุง ุชูŠู„ูŠู†ููˆุณุงูŠุฏุณ ู„ู†ุงุณ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:14:11,180 --> 00:14:19,400
643
+ ูƒู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูุฑู† ุงุจุชุฏูˆุง which can cause react with the
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:14:19,400 --> 00:14:24,900
647
+ self ุงุจุชุฏูˆุง ุชุทู„ุน auto antibody which can react ู…ุน
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:14:24,900 --> 00:14:29,900
651
+ ุงู„ู€ self ูˆู…ุน ุงู„ูุฑู† ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ self ูˆู…ุน ุงู„ูุฑู†
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:14:31,960 --> 00:14:36,540
655
+ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ common ุฅูŠุจูŠุชูˆุจ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:36,540 --> 00:14:43,440
659
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ foreign antigen ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ ash ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ self antigen
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:43,440 --> 00:14:47,400
663
+ ูุจุชุชู†ุดุท ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุชูŠู„ูŠู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ู„ู„ู€ foreign ุฅูŠุจูŠุชูˆุจ ูุชู†ุดุท
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:47,400 --> 00:14:51,580
667
+ ุงู„ู€ naive ุชูŠู„ูŠู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ุจูŠู„ูŠู…ููˆุณุงูŠุช ูˆุจูŠู„ูŠู…ููˆุณุงูŠุช ุชุทู„ุน
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:51,580 --> 00:14:57,240
671
+ antibody for both self and ash and foreign antigen
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:58,250 --> 00:15:00,590
675
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:15:00,590 --> 00:15:04,910
679
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ polyclonal
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:15:04,910 --> 00:15:09,770
683
+ polyclonal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† clone ุฃูˆ ุจูŠ ุณู„ ุงูƒุชู„ุงุดูŠูˆู†
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:15:09,770 --> 00:15:15,010
687
+ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุดูŠุก ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… auto reactive
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:15:15,010 --> 00:15:22,230
691
+ clone ูุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ auto reactive cell ููŠ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ูŠุฎุด big
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:15:22,230 --> 00:15:26,510
695
+ antigen ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ limopolysaccharides ู…ุงุดูŠุŸ which has
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:15:26,510 --> 00:15:32,680
699
+ ability to act as a super antigen ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุฑูˆุญู‡ ู‡ูˆ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:15:32,680 --> 00:15:40,540
703
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆุทุจุนู‹ุง
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:15:40,540 --> 00:15:48,820
707
+ ุจุงู„ู€ receptor ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ ash ุจูŠุฑูŠู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ุซู… ุจูŠ ูƒุงู†
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:15:48,820 --> 00:15:53,780
711
+ ุจูŠ associate with ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ coreceptor ูˆุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ coreceptor
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:15:53,780 --> 00:15:58,750
715
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ signal transaction ูˆุจู†ุดุท ุงู„ู€ ash ุงู„ุนูŠุจ ุฃูˆ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:15:58,750 --> 00:16:02,490
719
+ ุจูˆุฑูŠุณุง ูƒุฑู‡ุช ุจุชุจุช ุจุฑุณูŠุจุชูˆุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุทู„ุนูŠ ูƒุฑุณูŠุจุชูˆุฑ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:16:02,490 --> 00:16:05,210
723
+ which has the ability to induce signal
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:16:05,210 --> 00:16:11,250
727
+ transduction ูˆู…ุญุตู„ุชู‡ุง
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:16:11,250 --> 00:16:15,830
731
+ activation of cell ุทุจุนู‹ุง ูŠูˆู… ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ูƒู„ูˆู†
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:16:15,830 --> 00:16:19,210
735
+ activated ูˆู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ู… auto reactive clone it will
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:16:19,210 --> 00:16:27,140
739
+ induce autoimmune disease ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Polyclonal
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:16:27,140 --> 00:16:31,120
743
+ Activation ุงู„ู€ Polyclonal Activator ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุฎู„ู‚
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:16:31,120 --> 00:16:33,020
747
+ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ูŠุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ูŠุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ู…ุงู„
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:16:33,020 --> 00:16:35,660
751
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ูŠุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ูŠุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุจุดูƒู„
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:16:35,660 --> 00:16:36,520
755
+ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ูŠุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ูŠุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุญุฏุฏ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:16:36,520 --> 00:16:36,820
759
+ ูŠุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ูŠุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ูŠุฎู„ู‚
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:16:36,820 --> 00:16:37,600
763
+ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ูŠุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ูŠุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ู…ุงู„
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:16:37,600 --> 00:16:38,440
767
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ูŠุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ูŠุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุจุดูƒู„
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:38,440 --> 00:16:39,820
771
+ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ูŠุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ูŠุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุญุฏุฏ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:39,820 --> 00:16:42,420
775
+ ูŠุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ู‡ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ autoimmune disease
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:42,420 --> 00:16:45,700
779
+ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ูƒูˆู‡ุช ุจูŠู‡ูŠู ู…ุงู†ูŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงู„ ุฃูˆ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:45,700 --> 00:16:49,620
783
+ viral antigen can behave as a super antigen
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:49,620 --> 00:16:52,560
787
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ it will activate different clone of T
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:52,560 --> 00:16:59,760
791
+ cell ุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ specificity ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:59,760 --> 00:17:05,240
795
+ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุชุทุจู‚ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ VB gene domain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:17:05,240 --> 00:17:07,380
799
+ outside the peptide binding domain
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:17:10,810 --> 00:17:16,630
803
+ ู…ุงู†ูŠ ูƒู†ุฒูŠุฑุฏ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠ ู„ุงุฑุณุชูƒุชุดุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ BAMs ุงู„ู„ูŠ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:17:16,630 --> 00:17:19,330
807
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆ ุฃูˆุฑุฌุงู†ูŠุฒู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ BAMs
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:17:19,330 --> 00:17:21,990
811
+ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง pathogen associated molecular pattern
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:17:21,990 --> 00:17:26,750
815
+ ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูƒุงูŠุงุด ูƒู€ polyclonal activator ู„ู€ ุจูŠ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:17:26,750 --> 00:17:31,110
819
+ ุณูŠู„ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุจุชุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ุชู„ุณู†ุชุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ pattern
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:31,110 --> 00:17:36,270
823
+ recognition molecule ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ BAMB ูˆุจู†ุดุทุฑู†ุง
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:36,270 --> 00:17:40,130
827
+ ุงู„ู€ B-lymphocyte as well as other ุทุจุนู‹ุง cell,
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:40,670 --> 00:17:45,610
831
+ lipopolysaccharides can polychronally activate ุงู„ู€
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:45,610 --> 00:17:49,950
835
+ mouse B-cell ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ auto-reactive B-cell ู…ู†
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:49,950 --> 00:17:53,730
839
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ interaction with receptor on the cell surface
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:53,730 --> 00:18:01,270
843
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุชูˆู„ุนูƒ receptor 4 ุดูู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ุทุจุนู‹ุง
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:18:01,270 --> 00:18:08,090
847
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุทุฑูˆุญุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:18:08,090 --> 00:18:10,770
851
+ innate signaling through toll-like receptors
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:18:10,770 --> 00:18:15,190
855
+ pathway may be a mechanism for activating
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:18:15,190 --> 00:18:20,070
859
+ energetic B cell ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ู€ energetic B cell can be
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:18:20,070 --> 00:18:27,790
863
+ activated trigger
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:18:27,790 --> 00:18:32,900
867
+ of autoimmunity ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุฃู†ู‡ุง
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:32,900 --> 00:18:37,340
871
+ environmental factor ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู€ trigger ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:37,340 --> 00:18:42,860
875
+ ุฃุฎูˆุฑ chemical substance ู‡ูˆุฑู…ูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ SLE ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ู‡ูˆ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:42,860 --> 00:18:46,720
879
+ is ten times more common in women than in men
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:46,720 --> 00:18:52,700
883
+ ูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† Searching drug can
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:52,700 --> 00:18:56,780
887
+ chemically alter T cell carrier epitope of a self
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:56,780 --> 00:19:01,750
891
+ -antigen to render it immunogenic ุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ self
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:19:01,750 --> 00:19:08,750
895
+ -antigen ุฅู„ู‰ immunogenic antigen ู†ุตู ุณุจุฑูŠุณูˆู T
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:19:08,750 --> 00:19:14,990
899
+ cell TS can contribute to autoimmune disease ู‡ูŠ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:19:14,990 --> 00:19:22,750
903
+ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุช ุงุณู… ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ T suppressor cell which can
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:19:22,750 --> 00:19:27,330
907
+ suppress the activity of both CD4 and CD8 ูุทุจุนู‹ุง
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:19:27,330 --> 00:19:31,840
911
+ ุบูŠุงุจู‡ุง ู‡ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ cell related immunity ุจูƒุซุฑุฉ which
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:19:31,840 --> 00:19:35,080
915
+ can lead to autoimmune disease ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุดุชุบู„ ูƒุซูŠุฑ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:35,080 --> 00:19:37,980
919
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุบู„ุท ูƒุซูŠุฑ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ autoimmune
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:37,980 --> 00:19:41,300
923
+ disease ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… diabetes ูˆุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:41,300 --> 00:19:46,080
927
+ inflammatory bowel syndrome ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู‚ู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:46,080 --> 00:19:51,680
931
+ TS cell ู†ุงุฎุฏ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:51,680 --> 00:19:56,660
935
+ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ autoimmune disease ูˆุทุจุนู‹ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ู€
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:57,940 --> 00:20:04,020
939
+ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ antibody ู„ู‡ ุฏูˆุฑ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:20:04,020 --> 00:20:13,000
943
+ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ organ damage ูˆุฃุดู‡ุฑู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูˆ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:20:13,000 --> 00:20:16,720
947
+ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ู€ autoimmune hemolytic anemia ูƒู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:20:16,720 --> 00:20:20,860
951
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† auto antibody against RBCs antigen
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:20:20,860 --> 00:20:25,700
955
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู‚ู„ุฉ ููŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุชูƒุณุฑ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:20:26,980 --> 00:20:31,480
959
+ ูˆุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ู‡ูŠุชู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ two mechanism ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ู…ู†
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:20:31,480 --> 00:20:36,100
963
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ activation of complement cascade ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:36,100 --> 00:20:42,000
967
+ ู„ู„ุขุฎุฑ ูˆู…ุญุตู„ุชู‡ eventual license of the cell ูˆู‡ุฐุง
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:42,000 --> 00:20:47,840
971
+ ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ุจู†ุดูˆู hemoglobin or urea ุจูˆุถูˆุญ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:47,840 --> 00:20:53,260
975
+ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ optionization ู…ู†
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:53,260 --> 00:21:00,290
979
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ C3P ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ูˆู‡ุคู„ุงุก ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู…
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:21:00,290 --> 00:21:03,570
983
+ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู…ุงูƒุฑูˆููŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:21:03,570 --> 00:21:06,670
987
+ reticulum nucleus system ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Spleen
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:21:06,670 --> 00:21:10,930
991
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุชุตู„ ุณูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ Antibody-coated RBCs
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:21:10,930 --> 00:21:17,550
995
+ recognition ุฃูˆ complement-coated RBCs recognition
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:21:17,550 --> 00:21:21,850
999
+ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ูุงู„ุจูˆุตูŠุชูˆุณูŠุฒ ูˆdestruction of the cell
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:21:24,650 --> 00:21:28,630
1003
+ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ autoimmunohepatic
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:21:28,630 --> 00:21:33,610
1007
+ anemia ูŠุชู… ู…ู‚ุงุทุนู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุชุฌุงุฑุงุช ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:21:33,610 --> 00:21:35,170
1011
+ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:21:35,170 --> 00:21:37,310
1015
+ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:37,310 --> 00:21:38,850
1019
+ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:38,850 --> 00:21:39,590
1023
+ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:39,590 --> 00:21:40,050
1027
+ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:40,050 --> 00:21:48,030
1031
+ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:48,670 --> 00:21:52,850
1035
+ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจูŠุฑุชุจุทูˆุง ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ RBCs ูู‚ุท ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:52,850 --> 00:21:57,170
1039
+ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุฆูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠููƒูˆุง
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:57,170 --> 00:22:01,770
1043
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุณูŠุจูˆุง ุงู„ู€ RBCs ูŠูˆู… ุชุฑุชูุน ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ they
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:22:01,770 --> 00:22:05,390
1047
+ are IgM type and they are highly efficient in
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:22:05,390 --> 00:22:09,430
1051
+ activating complement ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ licenses
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:22:09,430 --> 00:22:10,470
1055
+ of RBCs
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:12,920 --> 00:22:16,220
1059
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุช ุฃูŠุถุง ุฌู‡ูˆุชูƒ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู†ุฏูˆุฒุช
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:16,220 --> 00:22:21,460
1063
+ ุจุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุจู†ุณู„ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฃู„ูุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุฏูˆุฑุจุง
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:21,460 --> 00:22:28,780
1067
+ ูˆุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ cold antibody ุชูƒูˆู†ุช ุจุนุฏ ุงู†ููƒุงุด
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:28,780 --> 00:22:36,340
1071
+ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุฑุฆูˆูŠ ุฃูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:36,340 --> 00:22:41,950
1075
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ myasthenia gravis ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:41,950 --> 00:22:48,330
1079
+ target self-antigen ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Acetylcholine receptor ูˆ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:48,330 --> 00:22:52,950
1083
+ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ neuromuscular
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:52,950 --> 00:22:56,970
1087
+ junction ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Acetylcholine ู…ุญุชูˆู‰ ุงู„
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:56,970 --> 00:23:00,270
1091
+ neuromuscular junction ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:23:00,270 --> 00:23:04,190
1095
+ muscle cell ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ auto-antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู†
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:23:04,190 --> 00:23:08,080
1099
+ ุจูŠู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ as antagonist ุจุนู…ู„ Blocking ู„ู„ู€
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:23:08,080 --> 00:23:11,440
1103
+ Acetylcholine Receptor ูู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู€ Acetylcholine
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:11,440 --> 00:23:16,810
1107
+ ูŠุดุชุบู„ ุจูŠู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Receptor ู…ุดุบูˆู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:16,810 --> 00:23:23,570
1111
+ ููŠู‡ neuromuscular junction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:23,570 --> 00:23:28,070
1115
+ muscle function ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ weakness ูˆุทุจุนุง
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:28,070 --> 00:23:33,850
1119
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุญุตู„ุชู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ู…ู† ู…ุธุงู‡ุฑู‡ุง ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ difficulty in
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:33,850 --> 00:23:38,510
1123
+ chewing, swallowing ูˆ breathing ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:38,510 --> 00:23:42,010
1127
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ respiratory failure and death
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:44,940 --> 00:23:52,100
1131
+ ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ Thymus ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒูˆู„ุงุช
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:52,100 --> 00:23:57,440
1135
+ ุงู„ู…ุชุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ Acetylcholine Receptor ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู†
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:57,440 --> 00:24:02,440
1139
+ ุงู„ุฃุฌุณุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Thymus ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู€ Thymocytes ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:24:02,440 --> 00:24:07,300
1143
+ Epithelial cells ูˆู‡ูŠ
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:24:07,300 --> 00:24:12,560
1147
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:14,400 --> 00:24:28,100
1151
+ ุฅูŠุด ุนู…ู„ุช ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŸ ุนู…ู„ุช Blocking ู„ู„ู€ Receptor
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:28,100 --> 00:24:30,480
1155
+ ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:30,480 --> 00:24:30,520
1159
+ ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:30,520 --> 00:24:35,720
1163
+ ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:35,720 --> 00:24:36,500
1167
+ ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:36,500 --> 00:24:41,240
1171
+ ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฅูŠุด
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:41,240 --> 00:24:42,000
1175
+ ู„ุฅ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:24:44,510 --> 00:24:47,250
1179
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Graves Disease ุงู„ู€ Antibody is stimulating
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:24:47,250 --> 00:24:50,610
1183
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Antibody is inhibiting Antibody ู‡ู†ุง
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:24:50,610 --> 00:24:54,930
1187
+ Stimulating Antibody ุจู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงุฒ ู…ู…ุณูƒ ููŠ TSH
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:24:54,930 --> 00:25:00,650
1191
+ Receptor ูˆ TSH ู…ู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ุงูŠุด ูˆ ู…ู‚ูˆู… ุจุฏูˆุฑู‡
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:25:00,650 --> 00:25:04,410
1195
+ ุทุจุนุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ุจุนู…ู„ activating ู„ู„ู€ thyroid follicle
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:25:04,410 --> 00:25:09,010
1199
+ ูˆ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุงู†ู‡ุง thyroid hormone ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:09,010 --> 00:25:15,330
1203
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Graves Disease ู‡ูˆ Hyperthyroidism ู…ุงุดูŠ ู†ุฏู‰
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:15,330 --> 00:25:21,310
1207
+ ุชุญู‚ู‚ ู†ุดูˆู ุงูŠู‡ disease ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ hyperthyroidism
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:21,310 --> 00:25:27,870
1211
+ antibody directed against a hormone receptor ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:27,870 --> 00:25:34,290
1215
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู†ุดูŠุท ุงู„ู€ receptor ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุทุจุนุง
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:34,290 --> 00:25:37,830
1219
+ ุงู„ู€ hormone ู‡ูˆ thyroid stimulating hormone ูˆ ุงู„
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:37,830 --> 00:25:44,630
1223
+ interaction ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ุบุฏุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:25:44,630 --> 00:25:50,490
1227
+ ูŠุชุจุนู‡ ูƒู€ agonist ูˆู…ุญุตู„ุชู‡ ุทุจุนุง hyperthyroidism
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:25:50,490 --> 00:25:59,250
1231
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ E ุจุฑุถู‡ autoimmune disease ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุจุงุณู… Red
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:25:59,250 --> 00:26:05,930
1235
+ wolf ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฐุฆุจ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ุทุจุนุง ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€ reddish
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:26:06,300 --> 00:26:11,360
1239
+ facial rash ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ cheeks ูˆ ุฏูŠ ุบุงู„ุจุง
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:26:11,360 --> 00:26:18,380
1243
+ ุจุชุนุชุจุฑ early symptoms ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ disease
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:26:18,380 --> 00:26:23,940
1247
+ ุทุจุนุง attacks many organs of the body ูˆุจูŠุณุจุจ fever,
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:26:24,100 --> 00:26:26,900
1251
+ joint pain, damage to the central nervous system,
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:26:27,220 --> 00:26:31,920
1255
+ to the heart, to the kidney ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒู„ ุนุถูˆ ุงู„ุฌุณู…
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:26:31,920 --> 00:26:36,570
1259
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุจู‡ damage ูˆู…ุญุตู„ุชู‡ ุทุจุนุง ูˆูุงุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:26:36,570 --> 00:26:42,350
1263
+ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุฃู†ู‡ there is not a systemic
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:26:42,350 --> 00:26:47,030
1267
+ pathway ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ููŠุด ุทุฑูŠู‚ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:26:47,030 --> 00:26:54,910
1271
+ ุจูŠุณู„ูƒ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชุฎุฑูŠุจ ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณู…
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:26:54,910 --> 00:26:58,970
1275
+ ุฃุณู‡ู„ patient produce antibodies against several
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:26:58,970 --> 00:27:02,490
1279
+ nuclear components ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ antinuclear antibody
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:27:03,020 --> 00:27:08,620
1283
+ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุถุฏ ุงู„ู€ Denaturated Single
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:27:08,620 --> 00:27:17,620
1287
+ -Stranded DNA ูˆุถุฏ ู†ูŠูƒู„ูŠูˆู‡ูŠุณุชูˆุฒ ุงู„ู€ Anti-Double
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:27:17,620 --> 00:27:24,440
1291
+ -Stranded DNA ุทุจุนุง
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:27:24,440 --> 00:27:27,460
1295
+ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ ุจูƒุซุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฎู„ุงู„ ูุฑูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:27:27,460 --> 00:27:34,170
1299
+ involvement ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ E ุงู„ุฅูŠุฌูŠ ุฃู… ุงู„ุฃู†ุชูŠุจูˆุฏูŠุงุช
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:27:34,170 --> 00:27:37,550
1303
+ ุชู†ุชุฌ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ู€ Single-Strand DNA ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฃู† ุชุชุนุงู…ู„
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:27:37,550 --> 00:27:42,490
1307
+ ู…ุน ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุฒูˆุชูŠุจูŠ ู„ุชู†ุชุฌ ุฅูŠุฌูŠ ุฌูŠ ุนุงู„ูŠ ุงููŠู†ูŠุชูŠ ุงู„ู€
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:27:42,490 --> 00:27:48,490
1311
+ Double-Strand DNA ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ .. ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ .. ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ..
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:27:48,490 --> 00:27:49,910
1315
+ ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ .. ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ .. ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ .. ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ .. ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ..
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:27:49,910 --> 00:27:51,630
1319
+ ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ .. ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ .. ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ .. ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ .. ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ..
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:27:51,630 --> 00:27:54,770
1323
+ ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ .. ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ .. ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ .. ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ .. ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ..
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:27:54,770 --> 00:27:56,470
1327
+ ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ .. ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ..
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:28:00,190 --> 00:28:05,350
1331
+ Trapping of IgG Antibody or Anti-Double-Stranded
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:28:05,350 --> 00:28:11,990
1335
+ DNA ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ู„ุชูƒูˆูŠู† Immune Complexes ููŠ ุงู„ู€ glomerulus
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:28:11,990 --> 00:28:18,690
1339
+ ูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ู„ุชู†ุดูŠุท ุงู„ู€ complement ูˆุจุนู…ู„
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:28:18,690 --> 00:28:24,910
1343
+ recruitment ู„ู„ู€ granulocytes ูˆู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุฑูŠู†ุงู„ ุฏุงู…ุฌ Anti
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:28:24,910 --> 00:28:27,970
1347
+ -Double-Stranded DNA Antibody ุจูŠ cross-react
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:28:27,970 --> 00:28:33,660
1351
+ ู„ู„ู€ glomerulus ูˆู‡ูŠ ุทุจุนุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ extent of inflammatory
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:28:33,660 --> 00:28:41,480
1355
+ reaction ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ูŠุญุฏุฏ severity of
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:28:41,480 --> 00:28:45,820
1359
+ kidney pathology ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:28:45,820 --> 00:28:48,840
1363
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ glomerulonephritis ูˆ ุงู„ู€ severity ุทุจุนุง
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:28:48,840 --> 00:28:53,580
1367
+ ุจุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ leakage of protein ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ blood ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:28:53,580 --> 00:29:00,740
1371
+ kidney ูˆูƒู„ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ chronic Inflammatory CD4
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:29:00,740 --> 00:29:06,200
1375
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ protein ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชู†ุดุทู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ macrophage ูˆ ุงู„
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:29:06,200 --> 00:29:10,600
1379
+ can attract monocytes ุงู„ู€ macrophage ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:29:10,600 --> 00:29:17,140
1383
+ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ pathological lesion ูˆrenal failure ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:29:17,140 --> 00:29:21,360
1387
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ุชุฌ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€ exposure to some common
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:29:21,360 --> 00:29:26,110
1391
+ environmental factor ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ ultraviolet light ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:29:26,110 --> 00:29:30,050
1395
+ ูˆุฅู†ููƒุณูŠูˆุฒ ุงูŠุฌุงู†ุฒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุชุนู…ู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ููŠุฑูˆุณ ูˆูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจู„ุนุจ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:29:30,050 --> 00:29:38,710
1399
+ ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ etiology of disease ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:29:38,710 --> 00:29:44,670
1403
+ you can cross react with nuclear antigen induction
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:29:44,670 --> 00:29:51,030
1407
+ ุฃูŠุถุง by drugs ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ penicillamine ูƒู„ูˆุฑูˆ ุจุฑู…ุงุฒูŠู†
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:29:51,030 --> 00:29:57,110
1411
+ ู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงุฒูŠู†ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุญุฏุซ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ูƒู„ูŠุงุช
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:29:57,110 --> 00:30:01,430
1415
+ ุชู†ุชุฌ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ูƒู„ูŠุงุช ู„ุดุฎุต ูˆุงุญุฏ.ููŠ ุงู„ุบุฑุจุŒ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:30:01,430 --> 00:30:02,170
1419
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุฏูุนู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุฏูุนู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:30:02,170 --> 00:30:03,170
1423
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุฏูุนู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุฏูุนู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:30:03,170 --> 00:30:06,790
1427
+ ุชุฏูุนู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุฏูุนู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุฏูุนู‡ุง
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:30:06,790 --> 00:30:08,710
1431
+ ู„ู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุฏูุนู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุฏูุนู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:30:08,710 --> 00:30:12,710
1435
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุฏูุนู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุฏูุนู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:30:12,710 --> 00:30:15,650
1439
+ ุชุฏูุนู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุฏูุนู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุฏูุนู‡ุง
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:30:15,650 --> 00:30:21,690
1443
+ ู„ู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠุจู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ autoimmune
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:30:21,690 --> 00:30:25,890
1447
+ disease ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุชูŠู„ูŠู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ุงู„ุนุจุฏุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ in
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:30:25,890 --> 00:30:31,810
1451
+ organ damage ูˆู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ multiple sclerosis ููŠ ุงู„
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:30:31,810 --> 00:30:39,070
1455
+ multiple sclerosis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ demyelination of
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:30:39,070 --> 00:30:45,050
1459
+ central nervous system tissue ุจูŠู†ู‡ุฑูŠ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:30:45,050 --> 00:30:52,600
1463
+ ุงู„ู€ myelin sheath ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจูŠู‚ุฏูŠ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง relapse or remitting
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:30:52,600 --> 00:30:57,600
1467
+ or progressive paralytic course ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุญุตู„ู‡ุง ููŠ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:30:57,600 --> 00:31:03,100
1471
+ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุดู„ู„ ู„ู„ุจุฑูŠุฏ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ myelin sheath ู‡ูŠ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:31:03,100 --> 00:31:10,380
1475
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ neurotransmitter ู†ูŠุฑูˆ ุณูŠุฌุงู„ it's
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:31:10,380 --> 00:31:13,240
1479
+ considered to be a T cell mediated autoimmune
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:31:13,240 --> 00:31:17,980
1483
+ disease ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ cellular infiltrate
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:31:17,980 --> 00:31:21,010
1487
+ associated with T ุงู„ู€ protein ูˆุงู„ู†ูˆุน Delete type of
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:31:21,010 --> 00:31:27,490
1491
+ sensitivity mechanism class two ุฃู…ุฏุดูŠ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:31:27,490 --> 00:31:35,570
1495
+ ุจูŠู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ disease susceptibility ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:31:35,570 --> 00:31:38,390
1499
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ type one insulin diabetes mellitus
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:31:38,390 --> 00:31:44,710
1503
+ insulin dependent diabetes mellitus ู…ุฌุฑุฏ chronic
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:31:44,710 --> 00:31:48,670
1507
+ inflammatory destruction of the beta cell
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:31:50,840 --> 00:31:55,160
1511
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู†ูƒุฑูŠุงุณ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† insulin producing beta
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:31:55,160 --> 00:32:02,060
1515
+ islet cell of the ุจู†ูƒุฑูŠุงุณ ูˆุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ููŠ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:32:02,060 --> 00:32:05,340
1519
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‡ูˆ cytotoxic T cell ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูู‡ุงุฌู… ู‡ุฐู‡
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:32:05,340 --> 00:32:13,420
1523
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุชููˆู„ุฏ cytokine ูˆุงู„ู…ู‡ูˆุก ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:32:13,420 --> 00:32:18,080
1527
+ antibody production ุชูู‡ุงุฌู… ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:32:28,320 --> 00:32:34,580
1531
+ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู€ HLA type HLA
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:32:34,580 --> 00:32:39,140
1535
+ type HLA
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:32:39,140 --> 00:32:41,700
1539
+ type HLA type HLA type HLA type
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:32:41,700 --> 00:32:41,980
1543
+ HLA type HLA type HLA type HLA
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:32:41,980 --> 00:32:42,040
1547
+ type HLA type HLA type HLA type
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:32:42,040 --> 00:32:42,240
1551
+ HLA type HLA type HLA type HLA
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:32:42,240 --> 00:32:44,580
1555
+ type HLA type HLA type HLA type ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฃู†
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:32:44,580 --> 00:32:47,880
1559
+ 50% ู…ู† Insulin Dependent ู…ุฑุถ ุงุณู…ู‡ latest
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:32:47,880 --> 00:32:54,320
1563
+ patient ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… HLA-DR3 ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฏุฒ positive ูˆ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:32:54,320 --> 00:33:02,660
1567
+ individuals with HLA-DQP1 ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ 0602 rarely
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:33:02,660 --> 00:33:07,520
1571
+ develop the disease Hashimoto's
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:33:07,520 --> 00:33:14,360
1575
+ thyroiditis ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ the middle aged women ูŠุคุฏูŠ ู„ู€
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:33:14,360 --> 00:33:20,140
1579
+ Formation of Goiter ูˆุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ Atrophy of the
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:33:20,140 --> 00:33:24,020
1583
+ thyroid gland ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู„ู€
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:33:24,020 --> 00:33:27,400
1587
+ Hypothyroidism and Destruction of the thyroid
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:33:27,400 --> 00:33:34,040
1591
+ function ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ associated with T cell ู„ูƒู† ุงู„
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:33:34,040 --> 00:33:39,920
1595
+ antibody ุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑู‹ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ Target antigen
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:33:39,920 --> 00:33:44,190
1599
+ include thyroglobulinุŒ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุฒูˆู…ุงู„ ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:33:44,190 --> 00:33:48,530
1603
+ Thyroid Epithelial CellุŒ ูˆ Antibodies of these antigens ุชู…
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:33:48,530 --> 00:33:55,450
1607
+ ุงูƒุชุดุงูู‡ุง. Infiltration of B cell andonuclear B cell and
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:33:55,450 --> 00:34:00,050
1611
+ nuclear T cell and microfollicle ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ูˆุฅุฏู…ุงุฌ ู…ู†
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:34:00,050 --> 00:34:06,310
1615
+ the thyroid follicle ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุบุฏุฉ ุชุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:34:06,310 --> 00:34:11,640
1619
+ ูˆุชุตุจุญ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฑุฏ ูุนู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ุชุนู…ู„
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:34:11,640 --> 00:34:16,940
1623
+ Regeneration ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูƒุจุฑ when destruction
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:34:16,940 --> 00:34:23,380
1627
+ continues Symptoms of hypothyroidism appear ู…ุซุงู„
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:34:23,380 --> 00:34:29,000
1631
+ ุขุฎุฑ when one has arthritis chronically inflamed
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:34:29,000 --> 00:34:37,010
1635
+ synovium ูˆูŠุตุจุญ ู…ุฒุฏุญู… ุจูƒุซุงูุฉ ู…ุน lymphocyte
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:34:37,010 --> 00:34:43,690
1639
+ ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ destruction of the cartilage and bone ุทุจุนุง
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:34:43,690 --> 00:34:49,710
1643
+ Synovium is densely packed with dendritic cell,
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:34:49,810 --> 00:34:53,890
1647
+ macrophage, T cell, B cell, NK cell, and clumps of
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:34:53,890 --> 00:34:57,790
1651
+ plasma cell ูˆููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ูŠุตุจุญ ููŠู‡ secondary
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:34:57,790 --> 00:35:04,620
1655
+ follicle Pathology ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:35:04,620 --> 00:35:08,240
1659
+ ู„ู€ mixture of immunopathological mechanism ุฎุตูˆุตุง
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:35:08,240 --> 00:35:11,680
1663
+ Immune Complexes Formation Complement
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:35:11,680 --> 00:35:16,610
1667
+ Activity Polymorphic Nuclear Infiltration ูˆุงู„ู€
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:35:16,610 --> 00:35:21,230
1671
+ inflammatory CD4 ูˆุงู„ู€ CD8 ูˆุงู„ู€ cytotoxic T
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:35:21,230 --> 00:35:25,870
1675
+ -lymphocyte ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ activated macrophage ูˆุงู„ู€ unk
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:35:25,870 --> 00:35:29,890
1679
+ cell ูˆุงู„ู€ cell-mediated immunity ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงุจุชุฏุงู„ ุนู†
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:35:29,890 --> 00:35:30,150
1683
+ ุฐู„ูƒ
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:35:35,260 --> 00:35:38,900
1687
+ A variety of cytokines ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ุจุทู†ุฉ
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:35:38,900 --> 00:35:43,020
1691
+ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ูŠููุฑุฒูˆู† cytokine ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ cytokine human
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:35:43,020 --> 00:35:47,720
1695
+ necrosis factor alpha ูˆ IL-1 ูˆ degradative enzymes
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:35:47,720 --> 00:35:52,380
1699
+ ูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ mediators that destroy the integrity of
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:35:52,380 --> 00:35:57,840
1703
+ cartilage Chondrocytes ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุบุถุฑูˆู ุทุจุนุง
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:35:57,840 --> 00:36:02,360
1707
+ ุชุตุจุญ ู…ูƒุดูˆูุฉ ู„ู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนูŠ ุณู†ูˆูŠุง ุงู„ูู„ูˆุฏ
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:36:02,360 --> 00:36:07,690
1711
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุชุชุฌู…ุน ููŠ ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ู€ Arthritis ุงู„ุฑูˆู…ุงุชูˆูŠุฉ
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:36:07,690 --> 00:36:13,330
1715
+ ูˆูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† Polymorphic Nuclear Cell
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:36:13,330 --> 00:36:23,170
1719
+ ูˆุงู„ููŠุจุฑูŠู†
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:36:23,170 --> 00:36:28,390
1723
+ ุชู… ุชุฑุณูŠุจู‡ ูˆูŠุชู… ุชุฑุณูŠุจู‡ ุจุงู„ููŠุจุฑุงุณุชูŠุดูˆ ูˆุฌุฏุงุฑ
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:36:28,390 --> 00:36:30,290
1727
+ ุงู„ุฃู†ูƒู„ูˆุฒ
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:36:36,600 --> 00:36:46,060
1731
+ IgM ุฑูˆู…ุงุชูˆูŠุฏ ูุงูƒุชูˆุฑ ูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุฌุฒุก Fc
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:36:46,060 --> 00:37:01,280
1735
+ ู„ู€ IgG ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒูŠุก IgG ุฑูˆู…ุงุชูˆูŠุฏ
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:37:01,280 --> 00:37:09,770
1739
+ ูุงูƒุชูˆุฑ ู…ููŠุฏ of disease activity ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:37:09,770 --> 00:37:15,590
1743
+ ูˆุฌุฏูˆู‡ ูŠุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ remission during ูŠุตุจุญ ููŠู‡ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ู†ุฎูุถ
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:37:15,590 --> 00:37:22,270
1747
+ during remission ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ุฃุธู† ุฃู† ุงู„ autoimmune
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:37:22,270 --> 00:37:28,620
1751
+ disease ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:37:28,620 --> 00:37:33,700
1755
+ ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:37:33,700 --> 00:37:35,840
1759
+ ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:37:35,840 --> 00:37:41,820
1763
+ ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:37:41,820 --> 00:37:41,880
1767
+ ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:37:41,880 --> 00:37:42,360
1771
+ ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:37:42,360 --> 00:37:51,720
1775
+ ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช ูƒู…ุจู„ู…ู†ุช
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:37:51,950 --> 00:37:55,510
1779
+ Complement Clearance Mechanism as in Serum
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:37:55,510 --> 00:38:00,750
1783
+ Sickness ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุตู„ู‡ุง Clearance Deficiency in
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:38:00,750 --> 00:38:06,190
1787
+ complement 4 ูŠู‚ุตุฏ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู€ ุงู„ูุดู„ to clear
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:38:06,190 --> 00:38:11,770
1791
+ immune complexes by macrophage ุฃุณุฃู„ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฃูƒุซุฑ
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:38:11,770 --> 00:38:14,530
1795
+ ู…ู† 80% ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูุฑุงุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… complement
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:38:14,530 --> 00:38:17,930
1799
+ deficiency of C1 ูˆC4 ูˆC2
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:38:21,850 --> 00:38:26,150
1803
+ Therapeutic Strategies ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠูุนู„ูˆู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŸ ูŠูุนู„ูˆู†
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:38:26,150 --> 00:38:29,470
1807
+ Cytotoxic Drugs ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู€ cyclophosphamide ูˆุงู„ู€
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:38:29,470 --> 00:38:36,060
1811
+ azathioprine ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ูŠูู‡ุงุฌู…ูˆู† DNA Replication ูˆูŠูู‡ุงุฌู…ูˆู†
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:38:36,060 --> 00:38:43,780
1815
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุฑุน ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุจุทุงู„ุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุดูƒู„
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:38:43,780 --> 00:38:44,420
1819
+ ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุดูƒู„
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:38:44,420 --> 00:38:47,100
1823
+ ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุดูƒู„
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:38:47,100 --> 00:38:47,140
1827
+ ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุดูƒู„
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:38:47,140 --> 00:38:47,220
1831
+ ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุดูƒู„
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:38:47,220 --> 00:38:55,540
1835
+ ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุดูƒู„
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:38:55,540 --> 00:39:02,200
1839
+ Anti Cytokine Therapy ุจู„ู‚ ุฃูˆ tumor necrosis factor
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:39:02,200 --> 00:39:06,060
1843
+ alpha by antibody or soluble receptor for
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:39:06,060 --> 00:39:10,580
1847
+ rheumatoid arthritis. Inhibition of IL-1 beta by
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:39:10,580 --> 00:39:16,360
1851
+ soluble receptor also seems a useful strategy in
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:39:16,360 --> 00:39:22,280
1855
+ rheumatoid arthritis. These immunomodulatory agents
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:39:23,780 --> 00:39:27,020
1859
+ ุชูู…ู†ุญู†ุง ุงู†ูู„ุงู…ุงุช ุฑุฏูˆุฏ ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ุนู…ู„ู†ุง Blockage
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:39:27,020 --> 00:39:33,680
1863
+ ู„ู€ IL-1 beta ู†ูˆู‚ู ู†ุดุงุทู‡ interferon beta ู‡ูˆ
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:39:33,680 --> 00:39:38,400
1867
+ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุตู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ุชุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:39:38,400 --> 00:39:44,820
1871
+ ุงู„ู€ antibody ุฅู„ู‰ CD3 ุจุฑุถู‡ ูุญุตูˆู‡ ุฌูŠุฏู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:39:44,820 --> 00:39:51,180
1875
+ autoimmune diabetes Costimulatory Blockade ู…ุซู„ ุงู„
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:39:52,450 --> 00:39:56,170
1879
+ ุทุจุนุง CTLA-4 ูˆ Blockade ุชุธู‡ุฑ
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:39:56,170 --> 00:40:00,830
1883
+ promising ููŠ rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis ุจู„ุทู‚
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:40:00,830 --> 00:40:06,610
1887
+ ุจุจุชูŠุฏุงุช that bind to MHC group but not capable of
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:40:06,610 --> 00:40:11,230
1891
+ activating a given T cell have been used to induce
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:40:11,230 --> 00:40:17,010
1895
+ tolerance in rodent models ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุฏุฎู„ูˆุง ุจุจุชูŠุฏ ุชุฑุชุจุท
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:40:17,010 --> 00:40:20,590
1899
+ ุจุงู„ู€ MHC molecule ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฎู„ุงุต ู…ุดุบูˆู„ ู…ุง ููŠุด
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:40:20,590 --> 00:40:26,190
1903
+ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชุนู…ู„ Antigen Presentation
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:40:26,190 --> 00:40:31,410
1907
+ T cell receptor have been administered to patients
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:40:31,410 --> 00:40:38,310
1911
+ as an immunogen in an effort to raise a clonotype
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:40:38,310 --> 00:40:41,270
1915
+ specific cytotoxic T cell
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:40:44,980 --> 00:40:52,700
1919
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุฏุฎู„ูˆุง Receptor ูˆุญุตู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงุนุชุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุฌุณู…
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:40:52,700 --> 00:40:57,220
1923
+ ูƒู…ุณุชุถุฏ ูˆุทุจุนุง ู†ุดุฑุช ู„ู†ุง site toxic T lymphocyte
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:40:57,220 --> 00:41:02,900
1927
+ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุนู…ู„ุช destruction ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง generation of T
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:41:02,900 --> 00:41:07,460
1931
+ suppressor cell in autoimmune individuals ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:41:07,460 --> 00:41:14,350
1935
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนู„ุงุฌ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ autoimmune disease ูˆุงู„ู€
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:41:14,350 --> 00:41:20,030
1939
+ MHC association with which ุงู„ุฃู„ูŠู„ commonly found
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:41:20,030 --> 00:41:25,830
1943
+ strength of association ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ูˆุงู„ู€
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:41:25,830 --> 00:41:31,610
1947
+ MHC ุฌูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฃู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:41:31,610 --> 00:41:38,010
1951
+ ู…ูƒุชูˆุจุฉ strength ุฃูˆ weak ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฃู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุจุน
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:41:38,010 --> 00:41:44,660
1955
+ ุงู„ู€ MHC molecule ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู‚ุงู…ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู†
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:41:44,660 --> 00:41:49,040
1959
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ูŠุตุจุญ high risk of age inducing such diseases
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:41:49,040 --> 00:41:54,740
1963
+ ุฃู†ุง
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:41:54,740 --> 00:41:57,780
1967
+ ุงู„ autoimmune disease ูˆุงู„ auto antigen ุงู„ุชูŠ
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:41:57,780 --> 00:42:05,920
1971
+ ูŠูุณู…ู‰ ู…ู‡ุงุฌู…ุฉ ูˆู…ูŽู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠูู‡ุงุฌู… ู…ูŽู†
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:42:05,920 --> 00:42:14,640
1975
+ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠูู‡ุงุฌู… ูˆุจู‡ุฐุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:42:14,640 --> 00:42:15,480
1979
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ
PL9fwy3NUQKwYQ8nzyth9nyErvTJtUFKlo/hvyPC5Qp3dE.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1911 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:01,890 --> 00:00:04,870
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ูˆุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:04,870 --> 00:00:10,110
7
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุตุงุฏู‚ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู† ูˆุจุนุฏ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:10,110 --> 00:00:13,410
11
+ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ Regulation of the immune
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:13,410 --> 00:00:19,350
15
+ response. ุงู„ู€Immune response ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† of
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:19,350 --> 00:00:24,090
19
+ control mechanism. ู„ูŠุณ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ works
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:26,810 --> 00:00:31,750
23
+ ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:31,750 --> 00:00:42,550
27
+ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‹ุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ู†ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:42,550 --> 00:00:47,710
31
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู…ุงููŠ ุฏุงุนูŠ ู„ุดุบู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู…ุงุช. ุชุดุชุบู„ ูŠูˆู…
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:47,710 --> 00:00:53,130
35
+ ู…ุง ู†ุจุทู„ ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Immune response. ูƒูŠู ุชุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:53,130 --> 00:00:58,450
39
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู…ุงุชุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุชุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:58,450 --> 00:01:03,630
43
+ ุชุคุซุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Immune response. ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:03,630 --> 00:01:06,650
47
+ the form and route of administration of antigen.
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:07,550 --> 00:01:10,610
51
+ Antigen presenting cell, genetic background of
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:10,610 --> 00:01:14,790
55
+ individual, history of previous exposure and
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:14,790 --> 00:01:19,930
59
+ specific antibody. Also may modulate the immune
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:19,930 --> 00:01:24,330
63
+ response to an antigen. ู‡ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:24,330 --> 00:01:28,570
67
+ ุญุฏ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆู†ุจุฏุฃ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:36,410 --> 00:01:45,690
71
+ ุจุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ูˆู‡ูŠ Regulation by antigen. ู†ู‚ู„
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:45,690 --> 00:01:51,410
75
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ Nature of antigen. ุทุจุนุง ู†ุนุฑู ุฅู†ู‡ Different
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:51,410 --> 00:01:54,370
79
+ antigen ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ Different immune responses.
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:55,780 --> 00:02:00,720
83
+ ูุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ Polysaccharides antigen ุฃูˆ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:00,720 --> 00:02:06,020
87
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง Cell membrane ูˆุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง induce IgM
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:06,020 --> 00:02:10,520
91
+ response ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† Can induce both cell
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:10,520 --> 00:02:13,840
95
+ -mediated immunity and humoral immune response.
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:13,840 --> 00:02:16,560
99
+ ูˆุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุจู€ Humoral immune response ูŠุนู†ูŠ Antibody
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:16,560 --> 00:02:22,420
103
+ production. ู‡ู… ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ู€ ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู„ู„ูƒุงุฆู† ุงู„ุญูŠ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุฏุฎู„
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:22,420 --> 00:02:26,580
107
+ ุงู„ู€ Cell-mediated immune response ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:26,580 --> 00:02:28,840
111
+ ุงู„ุตู„ูŠุจู„ูŠ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ Humoral immune response.
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:28,840 --> 00:02:33,680
115
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ Cell-mediated immunity ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุฏุฎู„ ุฃูˆ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:33,680 --> 00:02:40,060
119
+ ุชุฏุฎู„ ู…ู† ุฃุฌุณุงู… ู…ุซู„ ุณูŠู„ูŠูƒุง. ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† Dose antigen.
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:40,060 --> 00:02:43,360
123
+ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฏุฎู„. ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู€ Very Large
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:43,360 --> 00:02:47,040
127
+ Dose ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ Tolerance for P and T Cell.
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:47,040 --> 00:02:50,440
131
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:51,720 --> 00:02:56,260
135
+ ุฃูŠุถุง Administration of antigen ุฃูŠุถุง to neonate
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:56,260 --> 00:03:00,540
139
+ mice ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ Tolerance ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ.
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:00,540 --> 00:03:06,800
143
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ Immune response is immature ุจู…ุง ููŠ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:06,800 --> 00:03:12,620
147
+ ุญูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Recent study ุฃุซุจุชุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ู€ Neonate
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:12,620 --> 00:03:17,150
151
+ mice can develop efficient immune response. ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:17,150 --> 00:03:22,130
155
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ T-independent polysaccharide antigen can
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:22,130 --> 00:03:26,830
159
+ generate Tolerance ู„ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูุงู„ุณูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ุงู†ุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:26,830 --> 00:03:31,050
163
+ ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ. ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ T I ูˆุงู„ู€ T
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:31,050 --> 00:03:35,090
167
+ dependent antigen.
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:37,210 --> 00:03:39,830
171
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Route of
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:39,830 --> 00:03:43,170
175
+ administration. ูƒูŠู ูŠุฏุฎู„ ู„ู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู†ุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:43,170 --> 00:03:47,950
179
+ ุฏุฎู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Control of immune
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:47,950 --> 00:03:50,870
183
+ response. ูุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ Subcutaneous ูˆุงู„ู€ Intra
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:50,870 --> 00:03:55,050
187
+ dermal administration ู„ู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† Can induce strong
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:55,050 --> 00:03:59,230
191
+ immune response. ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ Intravenous ูˆุงู„ู€ Oral and
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:59,230 --> 00:04:02,310
195
+ erosal may cause Tolerance.
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:05,290 --> 00:04:10,450
199
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ุฃุซุจุชุช ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ Mice ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนุทู‰
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:10,450 --> 00:04:16,070
203
+ Subcutaneous peptide ุฃูˆ antigen ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจู€ Fronds
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:16,070 --> 00:04:23,710
207
+ adjuvant. ู„ุณุจุจ ู…ุซุงู„ ูƒูˆุฑูŠูˆ ู†ูŠู†ุฌุงูŠุชุณ ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู…ุซู„ุง.
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:27,970 --> 00:04:33,390
211
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฃุนุทูŠู†ุง Repeated injection of the
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:33,390 --> 00:04:38,290
215
+ same antigen ู„ูƒู† Intra peritoneally ู…ุด Intra ู…ุด
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:38,290 --> 00:04:42,610
219
+ Subcutaneously it will induce Tolerance.
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:46,920 --> 00:04:50,160
223
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Antigen presenting cell
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:50,160 --> 00:04:52,720
227
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุญุงูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Antigen. ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ Antigen
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:52,720 --> 00:04:54,900
231
+ presenting cell. ูƒู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ Antigen
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:54,900 --> 00:04:58,080
235
+ presenting cell ุชู‚ุณู… ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† Professional ูˆNon
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:58,080 --> 00:05:02,160
239
+ professional. ุงู„ู€ Professional ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:02,160 --> 00:05:05,400
243
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ Macrophage, Dendritic cell ูˆMelanophosite
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:05,400 --> 00:05:10,640
247
+ ูˆุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ู… Professional ู„ุฅู† ู‡ู… ูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆู† ุชููƒูŠุฑ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:10,640 --> 00:05:14,100
251
+ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:14,100 --> 00:05:15,320
255
+ ูƒูˆุณุชูŠู…ูŠู„ุงุชูˆุฑูŠ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:17,990 --> 00:05:21,790
259
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู…ุงุฑุณูŠ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ู…ุน ูƒูˆุณุชูŠ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:21,790 --> 00:05:25,750
263
+ ู…ุฏุงุชุฑูŠ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ู…ุจู†ุงุทู‡ ููŠ ุงููƒุชู ุงูƒุชููŠุด
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:25,750 --> 00:05:29,930
267
+ ู„ู„ุชูŠู„ูŠู…ููˆุณุงูŠุช ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠูˆุถุนูˆู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู†ุช ู„ุชูŠู„ูŠู…ููˆุณุงูŠุช
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:29,930 --> 00:05:35,050
271
+ ุฃูŠุถุง ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงุชูุงู‚
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:35,050 --> 00:05:39,590
275
+ ุจูŠู† CD4T ู„ูŠุฌู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠู„ูŠู…ููˆุณุงูŠุช ูˆCD4T
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:39,590 --> 00:05:44,250
279
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู†ุชุฑุชูŠูƒุณู„. ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ IL-12
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:44,250 --> 00:05:46,590
283
+ ูˆ IL-12 ุจุนู…ู„ ุฏูŠุฑูŠู†
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:01,640 --> 00:06:06,460
287
+ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ ุชูŠ ุณูŠู„ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู€ Non
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:06,460 --> 00:06:11,660
291
+ -Professional ูƒู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณุฏ ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู†
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:11,660 --> 00:06:12,840
295
+ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:12,840 --> 00:06:13,020
299
+ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:13,020 --> 00:06:18,300
303
+ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:18,300 --> 00:06:18,600
307
+ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:18,600 --> 00:06:18,620
311
+ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:18,620 --> 00:06:23,940
315
+ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:38,400 --> 00:06:42,380
319
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู‡ูŠ Regulation by antibody. ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ู†ุง
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:42,380 --> 00:06:46,880
323
+ ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ Antibody ู„ู‡ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:46,880 --> 00:06:53,440
327
+ immune response either stimulate ุฃูˆ suppress. ุนู„ู‰
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:53,440 --> 00:07:00,680
331
+ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ูŠูˆู… ุชุนุทูŠ IgM ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† it will induce ูˆ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:00,680 --> 00:07:05,720
335
+ enhance immune response. ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ูŠูˆู… ุชุนุทูŠ IgG
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:05,720 --> 00:07:07,060
339
+ antibody
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:08,930 --> 00:07:15,750
343
+ ุณูˆู ุชุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ. ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:15,750 --> 00:07:20,830
347
+ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ู€ Vaccine for Moms and Measles ุจุชุฃุฎุฑ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:20,830 --> 00:07:26,490
351
+ ู„ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุณุช ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุณู‡
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:26,490 --> 00:07:33,490
355
+ IgG-Titer of Maternal IgG-Titer still is high for
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:33,490 --> 00:07:38,130
359
+ the first six months after. ููŠู‡ุง ุฏุฑุณุŒ ูุจูŠุฃุฎุฑูˆุง ุนุดุงู†
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:38,130 --> 00:07:42,680
363
+ ู…ุง ูŠุคุซุฑุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Immune response. ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ู€ RH
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:42,680 --> 00:07:45,320
367
+ incompatibility. ุงู„ู€ Anti-RH ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุถุญ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Anti
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:45,320 --> 00:07:46,060
371
+ -IgG.
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:51,840 --> 00:07:57,620
375
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจู„ู‚ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑุงูƒุดู† ุจูŠู†
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:57,620 --> 00:08:04,880
379
+ ุงู„ุงุจูŠุทูˆุจุงุช ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุทุงุช ุงู„ุงู…ูŠูˆู†ุบู„ูˆุจูŠู„ูŠู† ุจูŠ ุณูŠู„
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:04,880 --> 00:08:06,800
383
+ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠูˆู†ุบู„ูˆุจูŠู„ูŠู† ุจูŠ ุณูŠู„. ุงู„ู€ B Cell ุงู„ู€ B Cell ุงู„ู€ B
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:06,800 --> 00:08:07,060
387
+ Cell ุงู„ู€ B Cell ุงู„ู€ B Cell ุงู„ู€ B Cell ุงู„๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ B Cell ุงู„ู€ B
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:07,060 --> 00:08:07,100
391
+ Cell ุงู„ู€ B Cell ุงู„ู€ B Cell ุงู„ู€ B Cell ุงู„ู€ B Cell ุงู„ู€ B
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:07,100 --> 00:08:08,520
395
+ Cell ุงู„ู€ B Cell ุงู„ู€ B Cell ุงู„ู€ B Cell ุงู„ู€ B Cell ุงู„ู€ B
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:08,520 --> 00:08:12,860
399
+ Cell ุงู„ู€ B Cell ุงู„ู€ B Cell ุงู„ู€ B Cell ุงู„ู€ B Cell ุงู„ู€ B
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:12,860 --> 00:08:13,460
403
+ Cell ุงู„ู€ B Cell ุงู„ู€ B Cell ุงู„ู€ B Cell ุงู„ู€ B Cell ุงู„ู€ B
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:13,460 --> 00:08:20,910
407
+ Cell ุงู„ู€ B Cell ุงู„ู€ B Cell ุงู„ู€ B Cell. ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุฏูˆุฑ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:20,910 --> 00:08:25,510
411
+ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Regulation ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฏูŠ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:25,510 --> 00:08:28,650
415
+ Regulation
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:28,650 --> 00:08:30,550
419
+ of lymphocytes.
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:32,150 --> 00:08:36,810
423
+ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู€ Immune response. ูููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:36,810 --> 00:08:41,230
427
+ Different subset of T-Helper cell. These kind of
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:41,230 --> 00:08:44,470
431
+ cells that can differentiate either to T-Helper
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:44,470 --> 00:08:49,210
435
+ one or T-Helper two. ูˆูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ type of
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:49,210 --> 00:08:52,210
439
+ immune response. ูู€ T-Helper one ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:52,210 --> 00:08:57,850
443
+ induce ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Cell-mediated ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:57,850 --> 00:09:02,170
447
+ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:02,170 --> 00:09:05,770
451
+ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:05,770 --> 00:09:05,890
455
+ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:05,890 --> 00:09:06,310
459
+ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:06,310 --> 00:09:07,610
463
+ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:07,610 --> 00:09:09,950
467
+ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:09,950 --> 00:09:12,910
471
+ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ููˆ. ุทุจุนุงู‹
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:12,910 --> 00:09:21,750
475
+ ููŠู†ุง Different types of T-Helper cell subsets. ููŠู†ุง
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:21,750 --> 00:09:30,530
479
+ Th1 ูˆ ููŠู†ุง TR1 ูˆ ููŠู†ุง TEM. ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ู…
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:30,530 --> 00:09:32,070
483
+ CD4 positive.
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:35,710 --> 00:09:40,390
487
+ Foxp3 ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ Expression of other
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:40,390 --> 00:09:47,330
491
+ receptor ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง. ู…ุงุดูŠ. ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุฏูˆุฑ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:47,330 --> 00:09:52,920
495
+ ู…ุนูŠู†. ูุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ... ูˆุจุชูุฑุฒ Cytokine ู…ุนูŠู†. ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:52,920 --> 00:09:57,620
499
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ Treg secrete Transforming Growth Factor Beta.
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:57,620 --> 00:10:03,700
503
+ ุฃุฑูˆุงู† ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง aisle 10 ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุชูŠ ุงูŠ ุงู… ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง aisle
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:03,700 --> 00:10:08,560
507
+ 2 ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู†ุชุฑููŠุฑูˆู† ุนู† aisle 4 ูˆุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู‡ ุฏูˆุฑ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:08,560 --> 00:10:13,920
511
+ ู…ุนูŠู† ููŠุง CD4 positive ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง can be
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:13,920 --> 00:10:20,080
515
+ differentiated CD4 positive to CD25 negative ุจุซู„ุงุซุฉ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:20,080 --> 00:10:23,730
519
+ negative ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ Transforming Growth
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:23,730 --> 00:10:26,310
523
+ Factor Beta ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Expression ู„ู€ Other
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:26,310 --> 00:10:33,010
527
+ Receptors ุฒูŠ CD25 ูˆFoxP3 Positive ูˆุจุชุณู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:33,010 --> 00:10:38,210
531
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ Induced Treg Which Can Secret Large
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:38,210 --> 00:10:41,790
535
+ Amount Of Transforming Growth Factor Beta By Cell
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:41,790 --> 00:10:45,210
539
+ To Solve Contact And Inhibit The Immune Response
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:45,210 --> 00:10:51,090
543
+ ุฃูŠุถุง ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ Antigen Still
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:52,390 --> 00:10:58,930
547
+ ุจุชุฏู„ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ูˆ ุจุชุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ TEM effector memory
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:58,930 --> 00:11:02,790
551
+ cell which can induce immune response ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:02,790 --> 00:11:05,390
555
+ ุฅูุฑุงุฒ certain cytokines ุฒูŠ ุงู„ IL-2 gamma
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:05,390 --> 00:11:12,750
559
+ interferon IL-4 and other cytokine ุฃูŠุถุง ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ IL
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:12,750 --> 00:11:18,950
563
+ -10 ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ can express FOXP3 positive ูˆ ูŠุฏู„ ุงู„
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:18,950 --> 00:11:23,760
567
+ CD25 negative ูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง TR1 ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุญูุธ ุงู„ู€ IL
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:23,760 --> 00:11:29,700
571
+ -10 ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ inhibitory cytokine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠู‡ุจุท
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:29,700 --> 00:11:34,120
575
+ ุงูƒุชูุงุก ุงู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุงุฑ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:41,340 --> 00:11:45,540
579
+ ุฃูŠูˆ ุชูŠุฑูŠู†ุฌ ู‡ุฐุง ุดุฑูŠุญ ุทุจุนุง ู„ู„ุตูŠุงุฏูŠู† ู‡ุฐูˆู„ู‡ ุดุฑูŠุญ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:45,540 --> 00:11:51,580
583
+ ุดุฑุญุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููŠุฌุฑ ุฃูŠูˆ ุชูŠุฑูŠู†ุฌ cell selectively
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:51,580 --> 00:11:55,460
587
+ express FoxP3 ูˆุฏู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† transcriptional
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:55,460 --> 00:11:59,680
591
+ factor essential for the development and function
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:59,680 --> 00:12:07,440
595
+ of CD4 ูˆCD25 and the mutation ููŠ FoxP3
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:07,440 --> 00:12:13,350
599
+ ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุจุนู…ู„ Immune dysregulation ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:13,350 --> 00:12:17,430
603
+ ู„ู€ FoxP3 ููŠู‡ุง expression of other ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:17,430 --> 00:12:23,990
607
+ ุงู„ุฑูŠุณุจุชุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง CD4 positive CD25
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:23,990 --> 00:12:27,630
611
+ positive ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ูŠุชุงุฑูŠูƒ have immune suppression
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:27,630 --> 00:12:32,130
615
+ function ุดูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ prevent self reactivity ูŠุนู†ูŠ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:32,130 --> 00:12:33,890
619
+ prevent autoimmunity
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:36,760 --> 00:12:41,620
623
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ T-Reg ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:41,620 --> 00:12:43,700
627
+ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:43,700 --> 00:12:44,200
631
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:12:44,200 --> 00:12:46,860
635
+ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:46,860 --> 00:12:48,320
639
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:48,320 --> 00:12:49,860
643
+ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:49,860 --> 00:12:50,760
647
+ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:50,760 --> 00:12:55,500
651
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:12:55,500 --> 00:12:56,940
655
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:00,330 --> 00:13:04,830
659
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ู€ naturally occurring CD4 positive CD25
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:04,830 --> 00:13:13,390
663
+ positive Treg ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู… ุชุฌุฑูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Thymus ูŠูˆุฌุฏ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:13,390 --> 00:13:20,290
667
+ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ CD4 regulatory cell ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุชู… ุชุทุจูŠู‚ู‡
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:20,290 --> 00:13:24,990
671
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ periphery ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู‡ู…ูŠู† ุฌุฏุงุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุณู…ู‡ TR1
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:24,990 --> 00:13:25,570
675
+ ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:29,040 --> 00:13:32,860
679
+ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ู‡ู… ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุฉ ูˆู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุฉ ูˆูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู†
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:13:32,860 --> 00:13:38,260
683
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ periphery ูˆู‚ุช ุงูŠุด ุฌุงู„ูˆุง ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:13:38,260 --> 00:13:39,820
687
+ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:13:39,820 --> 00:13:43,940
691
+ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:43,940 --> 00:13:46,960
695
+ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:46,960 --> 00:13:47,040
699
+ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:47,040 --> 00:13:47,160
703
+ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:47,160 --> 00:13:53,100
707
+ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:13:53,100 --> 00:13:57,680
711
+ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:57,680 --> 00:14:02,230
715
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุท ุฃูŠ ุฅู…ูŠูˆ ุฑูŠุณุจูˆู†ุณ a CD4 positive
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:02,230 --> 00:14:05,570
719
+ regulatory T cell can also be generated from
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:05,570 --> 00:14:08,550
723
+ antigen experience in the presence of certain
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:08,550 --> 00:14:13,730
727
+ cytokine ุงู„ู„ูŠ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:13,730 --> 00:14:19,350
731
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุขูŠุงู„ุชูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ expression ู„ู€
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:19,350 --> 00:14:25,970
735
+ TR1 FoxP3 ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ positive CD25 is negative
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:14:25,970 --> 00:14:32,130
739
+ ู„ูƒู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ expression ู„ IL10 ูˆ ุชุดู…ู„ูŠุฉ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:14:32,130 --> 00:14:36,970
743
+ suppression for the immune response ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† CD4
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:14:36,970 --> 00:14:42,390
747
+ positive regulatory T cell are generated ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:14:42,390 --> 00:14:45,680
751
+ ุงู„ู€ Transforming Growth Factor Beta ูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆุง ุฃู†
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:14:45,680 --> 00:14:51,480
755
+ ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ูˆุง ุจู€ FOXP-B3 ูˆูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุชุญุฑูŠุฑ ู„ู€ CD25 ูˆู‡ุฐุง
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:14:51,480 --> 00:14:54,720
759
+ ูŠุฏูุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ู€ Transforming Growth Factor Beta
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:14:54,720 --> 00:15:00,540
763
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุชุญุฑูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุฑุฏ ุงู„ุฅูŠู…ูŠูˆู†ูŠ T-helper cells ุชุนู…ู„
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:00,540 --> 00:15:05,540
767
+ Oral Tolerance ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุงูƒู„ู‡ ู…ู„ูŠุงู†
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:05,540 --> 00:15:10,160
771
+ ุฃู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุฅุฐุง ุฃูˆ ู„ูŠุด ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุจุด ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ immune response
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:10,160 --> 00:15:15,000
775
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุชุชูˆุงุฌุฏ T-helper cells ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Oral
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:15,000 --> 00:15:21,280
779
+ Tolerance ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Mucosal Membrane of the
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:21,280 --> 00:15:26,040
783
+ Gut ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุงุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุตู†ุนูˆู† Transforming
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:15:26,040 --> 00:15:31,860
787
+ Growth Factor Beta ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:15:31,860 --> 00:15:41,180
791
+ Inhibitory Cytokine ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ IL-10 ูˆ IL-4 ุงู„ู„ูŠ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:15:41,180 --> 00:15:48,240
795
+ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู† T-helper cells differentiation ุบูŠุงุจ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:15:48,240 --> 00:15:52,340
799
+ ุงู„ู€ T-helper cells is associated with inflammatory
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:15:52,340 --> 00:16:03,700
803
+ bowel disease ุฃูŠุถุง CD4 positive T cell can induce
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:03,700 --> 00:16:07,100
807
+ prevent the induction of autoimmunity
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:11,440 --> 00:16:14,040
811
+ ูˆุงุฌู‡ุชู‡ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ administration of high doses
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:14,040 --> 00:16:18,180
815
+ of autoantigen can prevent induction of
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:18,180 --> 00:16:23,500
819
+ autoimmunity this inhibition ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง is due to CD4
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:23,500 --> 00:16:28,680
823
+ positive T cell which inhibit the development of
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:28,680 --> 00:16:33,300
827
+ autoimmune autoantibody sorry as well as
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:16:33,300 --> 00:16:37,840
831
+ autoimmune disease it's suggested that the
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:16:37,840 --> 00:16:40,720
835
+ suppression is involved
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:16:42,780 --> 00:16:47,600
839
+ by the transforming growth factor beta in IL-10
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:16:47,600 --> 00:16:53,960
843
+ ุฃูŠุถุง T-helper subset are involved in the regulation
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:16:53,960 --> 00:16:57,580
847
+ of immunoglobulin production ูุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:16:57,580 --> 00:17:04,840
851
+ Gamma interferon is secreted from T-Helper I ุชุนู…ู„
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:04,840 --> 00:17:09,520
855
+ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชู…ู†ุน T-Helper II ูˆ IL-10 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุทู„ุน ู…ู† T
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:09,520 --> 00:17:15,390
859
+ -Helper II ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ุงุก ุงู„ู€ P7 ูˆ IL-12 ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:15,390 --> 00:17:17,650
863
+ Antigen presenting Cell ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:17,650 --> 00:17:21,490
867
+ Inhibition ู„ู€ Th1 Activation ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:21,490 --> 00:17:31,330
871
+ Regulation ู…ุง ุจูŠู† Th1 ูˆTh2 Cell IL-12 ู…ู‡ู…
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:17:31,330 --> 00:17:35,550
875
+ ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ development ููŠ Th1 ูˆTh2
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:17:35,550 --> 00:17:40,530
879
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ Balance ูƒู…ุงู† ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:17:40,530 --> 00:17:48,070
883
+ Modulation of IL-12 is required ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Receptor
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:17:48,070 --> 00:17:55,190
887
+ ุชุจุนู‡ IL-12 Receptor T cell subset development is
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:17:55,190 --> 00:18:00,350
891
+ influenced by interferon alpha ุดูˆ ุจุนู…ู„ ุงู„
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:00,350 --> 00:18:05,810
895
+ interferon alphaุŸ ุฌุนู„ู‡ ุจูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฑ T helper cell
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:05,810 --> 00:18:11,900
899
+ to T helper one ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ IL-4 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุตู„ุง ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู„ู€
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:11,900 --> 00:18:16,500
903
+ T helper-2 pathway ุงู„ู€ Alpha interferon ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู‡
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:16,500 --> 00:18:20,160
907
+ Neutralization ูˆุจูŠุนู…ู„ Neutralization ู„ IL-12
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:20,160 --> 00:18:23,660
911
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:23,660 --> 00:18:29,960
915
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชูุถูŠู„ ู„ู€ T helper-1
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:35,000 --> 00:18:42,600
919
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ T-helper immune response ุงู„ููŠุฌูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฃุชูŠ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:18:42,600 --> 00:18:53,200
923
+ ุฃูŠุถุง 11.10 ุจูŠุญุฏุฏ CD8 positive T cell can transfer
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:18:53,200 --> 00:18:59,500
927
+ resistance and tolerance ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ Transforming
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:18:59,500 --> 00:19:05,980
931
+ Growth Factor Beta ุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ููŠุฌุฑ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:05,980 --> 00:19:12,600
935
+ ุงู„ู€ IL-12 ูˆุงู„ู€ IL-12 Receptor ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุง ู„ู„ููŠุฌุฑ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:12,600 --> 00:19:16,760
939
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ IL-12 ุฃูŠุถุง ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† cytokine released
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:16,760 --> 00:19:21,520
943
+ from ุงู„ู€ monocytes ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† phagocytic
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:21,520 --> 00:19:28,420
947
+ mononuclear phagocytic cell ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ once released
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:28,420 --> 00:19:37,570
951
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ induction ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุจูŠุณุงุนุฏ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:37,570 --> 00:19:43,130
955
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ production of IL-12 Receptor IL-12 Receptor
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:43,130 --> 00:19:48,110
959
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ู…ู† two chain B1 B2 ูˆู‡ูˆ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:48,110 --> 00:19:56,520
963
+ ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช ุจูŠุนู…ู„ production ู„ู€ B1 ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒุชู…ู„ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:19:56,520 --> 00:20:00,220
967
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Receptor ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ T-Helper-1 ูˆ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:00,220 --> 00:20:04,340
971
+ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู€ IL-12 Receptor ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูู‚ุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ T
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:04,340 --> 00:20:12,000
975
+ -Helper-1 Cell ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Modulating ุฃูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:12,000 --> 00:20:16,540
979
+ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ุจู€ IL-12 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Monocytes ุงู„ู„ูŠ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:16,540 --> 00:20:22,240
983
+ ุจูŠุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู€ IL-12 Receptor ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ T
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:22,240 --> 00:20:26,910
987
+ -Helper-1 Cell ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุชุญูƒู… ููŠู‡ ูˆู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุฅู†ูƒ ุชุชุญูƒู… ููŠ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:26,910 --> 00:20:30,370
991
+ ุงู„ู€ T helper 2 ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฅูุฑุงุฒ IL-10 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:30,370 --> 00:20:36,770
995
+ Inhibition ู„ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ cytokine IL-T helper 2 ูƒุงู†
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:36,770 --> 00:20:41,710
999
+ secret IL-4 ูˆ IL-4 ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ Inhibition ู„ู€
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:41,710 --> 00:20:44,210
1003
+ Gamma interferon ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ Gamma interferonุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:44,210 --> 00:20:51,320
1007
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ expression ู„ู„ู€ B1 chain ุฃูˆ ู„ู„ู€ IL-12 receptor
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:51,320 --> 00:20:54,960
1011
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒุชู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ receptor ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:54,960 --> 00:20:58,640
1015
+ annihilation ู„ู„ู€ Gamma interferon ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุงู„ู€ IL-4 ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:20:58,640 --> 00:21:04,460
1019
+ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ T helper 2 ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุนุฏู… expression ู„ู„ู€ IL
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:04,460 --> 00:21:08,000
1023
+ -12 receptor ูˆุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†ุด ุงู„ู€ IL-12 receptor
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:08,000 --> 00:21:13,360
1027
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด T helper 1 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ activity
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:18,750 --> 00:21:26,710
1031
+ regulation by NK ูˆ NKT ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ NK cell ู‡ูŠ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:26,710 --> 00:21:32,470
1035
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ first line
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:32,470 --> 00:21:36,750
1039
+ defense mechanism for intracellular pathogen ู…ู†
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:36,750 --> 00:21:41,310
1043
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฅูุฑุงุฒู‡ุง ู„ู€ Gamma interferon ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ุจู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงูƒุฑูˆููŠุฌ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:41,310 --> 00:21:45,910
1047
+ ูˆุงู„ู…ุงูƒุฑูˆููŠุฌ can facilitate the differentiation of
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:47,930 --> 00:21:50,770
1051
+ ุงู„ู€ T cell ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุจุชู†ุดูŠุท ุงู„ู…ุงูƒุฑูˆููŠุฌ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:50,770 --> 00:21:56,250
1055
+ ูˆุงู„ู…ุงูƒุฑูˆููŠุฌ ูŠุนู†ูŠ phagocytosis ูุจู†ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงูŠุดุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:21:56,250 --> 00:22:02,430
1059
+ ... ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ู€ T cell ูˆ can activate the
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:02,430 --> 00:22:10,290
1063
+ macrophage ูˆุงู„ู€ NK cell activity ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชู†ุดุท ุฃูˆ can be
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:10,290 --> 00:22:12,750
1067
+ induced by a variety of cytokines ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Alpha
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:12,750 --> 00:22:18,510
1071
+ Interferon ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Beta Interferon IL-15 IL-18 IL-12
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:18,510 --> 00:22:24,390
1075
+ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจู†ุดุทูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ NK cell ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง inhabited by
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:24,390 --> 00:22:29,410
1079
+ IL-10 and transforming growth factor beta ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:29,410 --> 00:22:38,040
1083
+ ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ NK cell ุจุชู†ุดุทู„ู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:38,040 --> 00:22:42,920
1087
+ ู‡ูŠ specific for intracellular pathogen ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:42,920 --> 00:22:45,980
1091
+ ุงูŠุดุŸ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ production of gamma interferon ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:45,980 --> 00:22:52,860
1095
+ ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ุจู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงูƒุฑูˆููŠุฌ ูˆุงู„ู…ุงูƒุฑูˆููŠุฌ ุจุชู†ุดุทูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ T cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:52,860 --> 00:22:57,600
1099
+ cell mediated immunity is in used ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:22:57,600 --> 00:23:00,580
1103
+ cytokine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุดุทู‡ุง ูˆ ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ุง
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:00,580 --> 00:23:06,060
1107
+ inhibition ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุงู„ู€ NKT cell ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุชุฎู„ู‚ Gamma
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:06,060 --> 00:23:13,180
1111
+ Interferon ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจู†ุดุท ุงู„ู€ NK cell activation
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:13,180 --> 00:23:17,000
1115
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ proliferation and
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:17,000 --> 00:23:24,200
1119
+ cytotoxicity for NK cell ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€ NKT cell to
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:24,200 --> 00:23:29,560
1123
+ secrete IL-4 ุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ prevention of autoimmune
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:29,560 --> 00:23:35,680
1127
+ disease ูˆุบูŠุงุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ deficiency of NKT cell
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:35,680 --> 00:23:42,120
1131
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณุฌู„ุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ู† autoimmune diseases ููŠ ุบูŠุงุจ ู‡ุฐู‡
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:42,120 --> 00:23:47,360
1135
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis,
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:47,740 --> 00:23:53,660
1139
+ ulceration and ulcerative colitis and multiple
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:53,660 --> 00:23:57,000
1143
+ sclerosis ูƒู„ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† autoimmune diseases
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:24:00,700 --> 00:24:04,040
1147
+ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ู€ NK ูˆ T cell
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:04,040 --> 00:24:10,420
1151
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชูุฑุฒ cytokine ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูุชูุฑุฒ ุงู„
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:10,420 --> 00:24:15,580
1155
+ cytokine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ู€ T helper 2 pathway ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:15,580 --> 00:24:25,370
1159
+ ุจุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ู€ T helper 1 pathway ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ู€ T cell ูˆ ุงู„ู€ B cell
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:25,370 --> 00:24:32,290
1163
+ T cell ูˆ B cell T cell ูˆ B cell T cell ูˆ B cell T cell ูˆ B cell T cell ูˆ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:32,290 --> 00:24:38,910
1167
+ B cell T cell ูˆ B cell T cell ูˆ B cell T cell ูˆ B cell T cell ูˆ B cell
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:38,910 --> 00:24:45,630
1171
+ T cell ูˆ B cell T cell ูˆ B cell T cell ูˆ B cell T cell ูˆ B cell T cell
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:45,630 --> 00:24:45,850
1175
+ T cell T cell T cell T cell T cell T cell T cell T cell T cell T cell T cell T cell
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:24:45,850 --> 00:24:48,610
1179
+ T cell T cell T cell T cell T cell T cell T cell T cell T cell T cell ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:24:48,610 --> 00:24:55,930
1183
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ cytokine ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ can induce ุฃูˆ prevent the
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:24:55,930 --> 00:25:01,190
1187
+ tumorigenesis ุฃูŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง antitumorุŒ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:01,190 --> 00:25:02,090
1191
+ antimicrobial
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:25:05,740 --> 00:25:09,940
1195
+ ุจุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู€ angiogenesis ูˆ ุงู„ู€ angiogenesis ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ angiogenesis ูˆ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:25:09,940 --> 00:25:10,080
1199
+ ุงู„ู€ angiogenesis ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ angiogenesis ูˆ ุงู„ู€ angiogenesis ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:10,080 --> 00:25:10,300
1203
+ ุงู„ู€ angiogenesis ูˆ ุงู„ู€ angiogenesis ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ angiogenesis ูˆ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:10,300 --> 00:25:13,160
1207
+ ุงู„ู€ angiogenesis ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ angiogenesis ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ angiogenesis
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:13,160 --> 00:25:14,400
1211
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ angiogenesis ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ angiogenesis ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:14,400 --> 00:25:14,440
1215
+ ุงู„ู€ angiogenesis ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ angiogenesis ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ angiogenesis
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:14,440 --> 00:25:15,440
1219
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ angiogenesis ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ angiogenesis ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:15,440 --> 00:25:16,780
1223
+ ุงู„ู€ angiogenesis ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ angiogenesis ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ angiogenesis
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:25:16,780 --> 00:25:17,740
1227
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ angiogenesis ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ angiogen
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:25:26,060 --> 00:25:32,660
1231
+ localization of cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ููŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู†
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:25:32,660 --> 00:25:37,500
1235
+ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ infection
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:25:37,500 --> 00:25:43,100
1239
+ localization ูƒูŠู ุชุชู… ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ููŠ ุงู„
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:25:43,100 --> 00:25:46,560
1243
+ phagocytosis process ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ blood
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:25:46,560 --> 00:25:51,940
1247
+ vessels ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ infection keeping in mind ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:25:51,940 --> 00:25:56,570
1251
+ ููŠู‡ุง chemokine factors ุจุชูุฑุฒ ู…ู† ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุชู†ุดูŠุทู‡ุงุŸ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:25:56,570 --> 00:26:01,390
1255
+ ุงู„ู€ chemokine ูˆุงู„ู€ chemokine ุทุงู„ุนุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ it's
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:26:01,390 --> 00:26:05,990
1259
+ an important mechanism ุทูŠุจุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ุฌุนู„ุชู‡ู… ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:26:05,990 --> 00:26:08,050
1263
+ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉุŸ ุฌุนู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ expression of different
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:26:08,050 --> 00:26:13,370
1267
+ chemokine receptor ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ T cell ูˆ ุงู„ู€ T
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:26:13,370 --> 00:26:16,290
1271
+ helper ูˆ ุงู„ู€ T cell ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ chemokine receptor
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:26:16,290 --> 00:26:21,290
1275
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ T helper ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:26:22,130 --> 00:26:26,330
1279
+ chemokine receptor ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ These
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:26:26,330 --> 00:26:34,580
1283
+ chemokines can allow chemotactic signal ุชู†ู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:26:34,580 --> 00:26:44,540
1287
+ blood vessels
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:26:44,540 --> 00:26:48,320
1291
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ secondary
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:26:48,320 --> 00:26:52,220
1295
+ lymphoid organs ุจุชุฌุฑูŠ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุชุตู„ ุงู„ู€ site of
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:26:52,220 --> 00:26:56,560
1299
+ infection ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ุงู„ู€ expression of chemokine
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:26:56,560 --> 00:27:04,710
1303
+ receptors ุฃูŠุถุง production of MCP1 ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ IP-1 Alpha ูˆ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:27:04,710 --> 00:27:10,750
1307
+ IP-10 ูˆ ุงู„ู€ RANTES ุงุฎุฐู†ุงู‡ู… ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:27:10,750 --> 00:27:14,450
1311
+ ุงู„ู€ Mononuclear Phagocyte ู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ inflammation ู…ู†
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:27:14,450 --> 00:27:20,630
1315
+ ุงู„ู€ inflammation. ูˆุฌูˆุฏ Cytokine Transformed Growth
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:27:20,630 --> 00:27:26,010
1319
+ Factor Beta IL-12 ูˆ IL-4 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:27:26,010 --> 00:27:30,580
1323
+ to produce chemokine ุฃูˆ chemokine receptor provide
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:27:30,580 --> 00:27:35,840
1327
+ further level of control ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ cytokine
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:27:35,840 --> 00:27:40,940
1331
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง to express chemokine
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:27:40,940 --> 00:27:44,020
1335
+ and chemokine Receptors ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:27:44,020 --> 00:27:48,160
1339
+ further level of control mechanism for cell
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:27:48,160 --> 00:27:52,660
1343
+ migration and recruitment ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช can
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:27:52,660 --> 00:27:57,230
1347
+ evade ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู„ุฃุณู ุงู„ุดุฏูŠุฏ ู‡ูŠ host immune response ู…ุงุฐุง
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:27:57,230 --> 00:28:01,950
1351
+ ูŠูุนู„ูˆู†ุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง Antagonist ู„ู„ู€ chemokine
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:28:01,950 --> 00:28:06,870
1355
+ Receptor ูุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง Blocking ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ู†ุนูˆุง
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:28:06,870 --> 00:28:12,470
1359
+ Localization of Cell Idiotypic Modulation
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:28:12,470 --> 00:28:18,430
1363
+ Response ุงู„ู€ Idiotypic ู‡ูˆ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:28:18,430 --> 00:28:23,790
1367
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ FAB Region ูˆุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ูƒู„ Antibody ู„ู‡
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:28:23,790 --> 00:28:29,680
1371
+ FAB ูˆ ู„ู‡ FC Region ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู€ Fab ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ between different
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:28:29,680 --> 00:28:32,300
1375
+ antibodies ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Idiotypic
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:28:32,300 --> 00:28:36,160
1379
+ Variation between antibodies usually ุงู„ู€ tolerance
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:28:36,160 --> 00:28:42,040
1383
+ for self-antigen ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ during ontogeny ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ุงู„
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:28:42,040 --> 00:28:47,340
1387
+ ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ tolerance
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:28:47,340 --> 00:28:55,060
1391
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู„ู€ Fc portion ู…ุด ู„ู„ู€ Fab portion ุงู„ู€ Antibody
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:28:55,060 --> 00:29:00,700
1395
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ุถุฏ ุงู„ู€ Fab ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Antidiotypic Antibody
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:29:00,700 --> 00:29:07,520
1399
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Fab ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:29:07,520 --> 00:29:09,660
1403
+ between different antibodies ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:29:09,660 --> 00:29:14,820
1407
+ Idiotype ูˆุงู„ู€ Antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง blocking ู‡ู…
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:29:14,820 --> 00:29:20,640
1411
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Antiidiotypic Antibody ูˆ ุฏูˆู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ to
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:29:20,640 --> 00:29:24,960
1415
+ influence the outcome of immune response ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:29:24,960 --> 00:29:28,940
1419
+ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ blocking ู„ู„ู€ Antibody ูƒูŠู ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:29:28,940 --> 00:29:34,900
1423
+ ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ู„ู…ุณุงุฑ ุงู„ู€ immune response ุงู„ู€ Epitope
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:29:34,900 --> 00:29:41,480
1427
+ Epitopes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ in or around the binding
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:29:41,480 --> 00:29:49,080
1431
+ sites ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Idiotopes Epitopes ูˆ Idiotopes ู…ุงุดูŠ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:29:49,080 --> 00:29:52,860
1435
+ ุชู†ุณูˆุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช Epitopes ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Antigen ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:29:52,860 --> 00:30:00,100
1439
+ Idiotopes ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Antibody ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:30:00,100 --> 00:30:05,060
1443
+ ุงู„ุฌู† ุทุฑุญ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Immune Network can be existent ูˆู‚ุช
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:30:05,060 --> 00:30:12,530
1447
+ ุงูŠุด ู…ุงุดูŠ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุทุจุนุง ุฃูˆ NV2 ุงู„ุชูŠ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:30:12,530 --> 00:30:16,430
1451
+ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ุจู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ Idiotype Recognition ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:30:16,430 --> 00:30:20,230
1455
+ Antigen Antibody reaction ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชูุงุนู„ ุชูุงุนู„
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:30:20,230 --> 00:30:29,350
1459
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Antibody ูˆ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Fab ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Idiotype
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:30:29,350 --> 00:30:34,650
1463
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชู… ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ ุฑุฏูˆุฏุฉ Antibody
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:30:34,650 --> 00:30:35,290
1467
+ ุฑุฏูˆุฏุฉ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:30:39,370 --> 00:30:45,790
1471
+ ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ Anti-Idiotypic Response ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:30:45,790 --> 00:30:51,290
1475
+ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† Anti-Idiotypic Network ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:30:51,290 --> 00:30:57,090
1479
+ Neutralization ู„ู€ Antibody Neuroendocrine
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:30:57,090 --> 00:31:00,630
1483
+ modulation by immune response ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:31:00,630 --> 00:31:03,690
1487
+ evidence ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ nervous system ูˆ ุงู„ู€ endocrine
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:31:03,690 --> 00:31:06,810
1491
+ system ูˆ ุงู„ู€ immune system are interconnected
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:31:08,180 --> 00:31:11,260
1495
+ ูˆุงู„ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ spleen received direct
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:31:11,260 --> 00:31:15,740
1499
+ sympathetic innervation ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ nervous system can
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:31:15,740 --> 00:31:19,880
1503
+ be controlled ุฃูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณู‡ can control the outcome
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:31:19,880 --> 00:31:25,080
1507
+ ุฃูˆ output of various hormones ูุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:31:25,080 --> 00:31:29,040
1511
+ ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠูƒูˆุณุชูŠุฑูˆูŠุฏุŒ ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุŒ ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆู„ุงูƒุชูŠู†ุŒ ุซูŠุฑูˆูƒุณูŠู†
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:31:29,040 --> 00:31:33,160
1515
+ and ุฅุจูŠ ู†ูŠููŠุฑูŠู† can be controlled by their nervous
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:31:33,160 --> 00:31:38,050
1519
+ system. ุงู„ู€ Lymphocyte express receptor for many
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:31:38,050 --> 00:31:41,950
1523
+ hormones ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Corticosteroids act as a major
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:31:41,950 --> 00:31:45,950
1527
+ feedback control on immune responseุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:31:45,950 --> 00:31:49,110
1531
+ ูˆู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ inhibition ู„ู€ T helper cytokine
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:31:49,110 --> 00:31:54,710
1535
+ production ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ Transforming growth
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:31:54,710 --> 00:31:57,750
1539
+ factor beta ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ inhibition ู„ู„
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:31:57,750 --> 00:32:04,620
1543
+ immune response ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ู€ Corticosteroid ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ู‡ูˆ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:32:04,620 --> 00:32:11,280
1547
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Immune suppressant ุจูŠุฌูŠ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:32:11,280 --> 00:32:16,300
1551
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Genetic control of the immune response ู‡ู„ ููŠ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:32:16,300 --> 00:32:21,120
1555
+ ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุชุชุญูƒู… ุจุงู„ู€ Immune response ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ุทุจุนุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:32:21,120 --> 00:32:25,520
1559
+ ููŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Immune
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:32:25,520 --> 00:32:30,740
1563
+ response ูˆูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ MHC haplotype ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:32:30,740 --> 00:32:38,690
1567
+ Major influencing factor ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ Ability to
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:32:38,690 --> 00:32:44,250
1571
+ respond to an antigen ูˆุจุงู„ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:32:44,250 --> 00:32:47,230
1575
+ ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุฃู† ููŠ Strain of mice with different MHC
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:32:47,230 --> 00:32:52,370
1579
+ haplotype ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ููŠ ุฑุฏูˆุฏ ูุนู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:32:52,370 --> 00:32:57,190
1583
+ antibody response to specific antigen ูˆู…ู† ูŠุญุฏุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:32:57,190 --> 00:33:01,590
1587
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Expression of MHC class II molecule ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:33:01,590 --> 00:33:06,970
1591
+ ู„ูƒู„ Antigen ูˆุฅู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ MSC molecule
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:33:06,970 --> 00:33:15,150
1595
+ ุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑู‹ุง ุฃุณุงุณูŠู‹ุง ุถุฏ ู…ุณุชุถุฏุงุช ู…ูุญุฏุฏุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:33:15,150 --> 00:33:20,730
1599
+ ุฌุฏุง ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ุญุชู‰ ุฅู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฑุฏูˆุฏ ูุนู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู…
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:33:20,730 --> 00:33:25,510
1603
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ุดุฎุต ู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุฃูˆ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:33:25,510 --> 00:33:31,740
1607
+ ุงู„ู€ Expression of MSC molecules. ุงู„ู€ Extensive Sequence
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:33:31,740 --> 00:33:37,920
1611
+ of Polymorphism ู„ู„ู€ MSC Molecule ู„ู‡ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:33:37,920 --> 00:33:41,420
1615
+ ุงู„ู€ Peptide Binding ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ T Cell
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:33:41,420 --> 00:33:48,300
1619
+ Activation ู†ุนุฑู ูƒู„ู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ MSC Gene are Polymorphic
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:33:48,300 --> 00:33:56,320
1623
+ Genes. ุงู„ู€ MSC Gene ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ู„ู„ุนู†ูˆุงู†
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:33:56,320 --> 00:33:57,240
1627
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:33:57,240 --> 00:33:59,450
1631
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ูˆููŠ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:33:59,450 --> 00:34:03,630
1635
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ูุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู€ Insulin depending on
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:34:03,630 --> 00:34:08,070
1639
+ Diabetes Mellitus ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Autoimmune disease
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:34:08,070 --> 00:34:13,010
1643
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Beta cell ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุจู†ูƒุฑูŠุงุณ are
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:34:13,010 --> 00:34:22,210
1647
+ destroyed ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู…ุฑุชุจุท
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:34:22,210 --> 00:34:29,130
1651
+ ุจู€ HLA-DR3 ูˆ HLA-DR4 ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ู†ูุญุต ูˆู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:34:29,130 --> 00:34:34,930
1655
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ DR3 ูˆ DR4 ุงูŠ ุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠูƒุณ ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ high risk of
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:34:34,930 --> 00:34:41,390
1659
+ Diabetes Mellitus ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰. ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ MHC Linked
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:34:41,390 --> 00:34:46,970
1663
+ ูˆุฌุฏูˆู‡ุง ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ Proteolysis ูˆ Transport of
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:34:46,970 --> 00:34:53,250
1667
+ Antigen Peptide To MHC Molecule For Presentation
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:34:53,250 --> 00:34:59,750
1671
+ To Cell Of The Immune System. ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:34:59,750 --> 00:35:05,670
1675
+ MHC Gene. ุทุจ ููŠู‡ Non MHC GeneุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ Non MHC Gene
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:35:05,670 --> 00:35:09,130
1679
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ Modulation Of Immune
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:35:09,130 --> 00:35:14,150
1683
+ Response. ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ู„ูŠุณุช Polymorphic ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:35:14,150 --> 00:35:19,130
1687
+ MHC Gene ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูุฅู† ุฃููƒุชู‡ู… ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุจุดูƒู„ ูˆุงุถุญ ููŠ
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:35:19,130 --> 00:35:20,410
1691
+ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุดูƒู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุดูƒู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุดูƒู„
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:35:20,410 --> 00:35:21,330
1695
+ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุดูƒู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุดูƒู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุดูƒู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุดูƒู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:35:21,330 --> 00:35:25,870
1699
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:35:25,870 --> 00:35:25,990
1703
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุดูƒู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุดูƒู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุดูƒู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุดูƒู„
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:35:25,990 --> 00:35:26,470
1707
+ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุดูƒู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุดูƒู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุดูƒู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุดูƒู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:35:26,470 --> 00:35:33,070
1711
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุดูƒู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุดูƒู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุดูƒู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุดูƒู„
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:35:33,070 --> 00:35:37,230
1715
+ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:35:37,230 --> 00:35:42,410
1719
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ SLE ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุฎุงุทุฑ ููŠ
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:35:42,410 --> 00:35:47,010
1723
+ Complement 3 ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงู„
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:35:47,010 --> 00:35:53,870
1727
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุณุฌุฉ ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ Immune Complex ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:35:53,870 --> 00:36:03,260
1731
+ High IgE ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ู…ู„ุงู‚ูŠูŠู† ุจุงู„ู€
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:36:03,260 --> 00:36:12,620
1735
+ Atopy Gene or Human Chromosome 11 EQ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:36:12,620 --> 00:36:18,180
1739
+ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ู„ุฌูŠู† Linked gene affects susceptibility
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:36:18,180 --> 00:36:21,660
1743
+ to infection. ูุงู„ู€ Macrophage activity are
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:36:21,660 --> 00:36:30,890
1747
+ regulated by specific gene. ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ LSH-ITY-BIG
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:36:30,890 --> 00:36:34,850
1751
+ ุฌูŠู† ุชุชุญูƒู…
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:36:34,850 --> 00:36:38,190
1755
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Early Response to Infection with
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:36:38,190 --> 00:36:42,890
1759
+ Mycobacterium and Salmonella. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Response
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:36:42,890 --> 00:36:48,290
1763
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ Upregulation of Oxidative Burst ุนู„ู‰
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:36:48,290 --> 00:36:52,910
1767
+ ุดูƒู„ Enhanced Tumor Cedule Activity. ุฅู†ู‡ุง Anti
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:36:52,910 --> 00:36:57,650
1771
+ -Microbial Activity. Upregulation of Expression ู„ู„ู€
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:36:57,650 --> 00:37:03,410
1775
+ MSC Class II Molecule. Polymorphism ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:37:03,410 --> 00:37:08,390
1779
+ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ Cytokeratin Receptor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:37:08,390 --> 00:37:12,380
1783
+ ู‡ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ with increased susceptibility to
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:37:12,380 --> 00:37:17,300
1787
+ SCID ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Severe Combined Immunodeficiency or
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:37:17,300 --> 00:37:24,020
1791
+ Inflammatory Condition. The outcome of mutation is
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:37:24,020 --> 00:37:32,540
1795
+ dependent ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Cytokine Gene. ูุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:37:32,540 --> 00:37:37,700
1799
+ Human mutation IL-7R ุงู„ู€ Receptor ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุช
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:37:43,300 --> 00:37:47,520
1803
+ ูˆุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง Common Cytokine Receptor
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:37:47,520 --> 00:37:52,520
1807
+ Gamma Deficiency ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง which is a component of
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:37:52,520 --> 00:37:57,520
1811
+ Functional Receptor ู„ู„ู€ IL-2ุŒ IL-4ุŒ IL-7ุŒ IL-9ุŒ IL
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:37:57,520 --> 00:38:03,520
1815
+ -15 ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… Reduced Number ู„ู€ T cell ูˆ ู„ู€ NK cell ูˆ
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:38:03,520 --> 00:38:08,970
1819
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… Impairment ู„ู€ B cell function ูˆุจุนุฏ ู…ุฑุงุช ููŠ T
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:38:08,970 --> 00:38:14,670
1823
+ Cell ู†ู‚ุต
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:38:14,670 --> 00:38:23,450
1827
+ ุฌุฒุก ููŠ T cell help. ูุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู…
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:38:23,450 --> 00:38:31,930
1831
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู†. ุฃู†ุง ุฏุงูŠู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง IL-2 ReceptorุŒ IL-7
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:38:31,930 --> 00:38:32,570
1835
+ Receptor
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:38:36,010 --> 00:38:43,290
1839
+ ูƒู…ุง ุชุดุงู‡ุฏูˆู† Receptor ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ Subunit ุจุชุงุนุฉ
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:38:43,290 --> 00:38:50,910
1843
+ ุงู„ู€ Chain ูˆู‡ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง Common Gamma Chain ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:38:50,910 --> 00:38:54,950
1847
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:38:54,950 --> 00:38:59,990
1851
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:38:59,990 --> 00:39:09,240
1855
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ T cell ู†ุงุดูŠ
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:39:09,240 --> 00:39:17,100
1859
+ ููŠู‡ Loss ู„ู„ู€ T cell ููŠู‡ Loss ู„ู„ู€ NK cell ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:39:17,100 --> 00:39:22,720
1863
+ B Lymphocyte ุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู€ IL-7
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:39:22,720 --> 00:39:29,520
1867
+ Receptor ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠ Defect in IL-7
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:39:29,520 --> 00:39:34,680
1871
+ Receptor ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Loss T cell
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:39:34,680 --> 00:39:38,260
1875
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ B cell ูˆ ุงู„ู€ NK cell still there
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:39:40,910 --> 00:39:47,330
1879
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ Role of Mutation in Cytokine Receptor Gene
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:39:47,330 --> 00:39:51,550
1883
+ in Severe Combined Immunodeficiency. ุทุจุนุง ุบูŠุงุจ T
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:39:51,550 --> 00:39:56,250
1887
+ cell ูˆ NK cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ Infectious States
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:39:57,930 --> 00:40:04,470
1891
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆุฃูŠู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ T Lymphocytes ุบูŠุงุจู‡ุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:40:04,470 --> 00:40:08,590
1895
+ Severe Combined ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูˆุฒุน ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุฑ ูˆู‡ูŠ
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:40:08,590 --> 00:40:13,550
1899
+ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Immune Response. ุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุตู†ุง
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:40:13,550 --> 00:40:17,450
1903
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ู†ุชู…ู†ู‰ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุบุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Immune
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:40:17,450 --> 00:40:21,090
1907
+ Response Regulatory Factors.
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:40:26,320 --> 00:40:29,380
1911
+ ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุงุน.
PL9fwy3NUQKwYQ8nzyth9nyErvTJtUFKlo/y5lo8NNhTS0_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1744 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:05,480 --> 00:00:10,220
3
+ ู†ู„ุชู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุจูŠุนู†ูŠู‡ุง
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:10,220 --> 00:00:13,700
7
+ biology of T cell ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง biology of B cell
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:13,700 --> 00:00:19,560
11
+ ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ B cell their stages of development ูˆ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:19,560 --> 00:00:28,880
15
+ how it can be formed the surface molecule and so
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:28,880 --> 00:00:34,350
19
+ onุทุจุนุง ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ number of T lymphocyte
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:34,350 --> 00:00:37,310
23
+ ูˆุญูƒูŠู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠูˆุตู„
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:37,310 --> 00:00:41,690
27
+ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู‰ ุนุดุฑ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฎู…ุณุชุงุดุฑ .. ุงูŠ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฎู…ุณุชุงุดุฑ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:41,690 --> 00:00:46,470
31
+ ู„ุนุดุฑ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ุชุงุดุฑ these T lymphocytes are
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:46,470 --> 00:00:51,770
35
+ different but all have the same antigen receptor
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:51,770 --> 00:00:56,550
39
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ุณู…ูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ antigen receptor TCR T cell
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:56,550 --> 00:01:04,840
43
+ receptorูˆุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง TCR ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุจุชุชุตูุท ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:04,840 --> 00:01:08,080
47
+ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ B-Lymphocytes ููŠู‡ restriction enzyme ูˆ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:08,080 --> 00:01:12,700
51
+ ููŠู‡ recombinase enzyme ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุดุชุฑูƒูˆุง ููŠ ุชุญุฑูŠูƒ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:12,700 --> 00:01:17,160
55
+ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ูˆ ุชุตููŠุชู‡ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ TCR ุงู„ู„ูŠ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:17,160 --> 00:01:20,720
59
+ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ูˆ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุชุตูุท ูˆ ุชุตููŠุชู‡ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:20,720 --> 00:01:25,360
63
+ ุจูŠุฏูˆู†ุง ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ TCR ู…ุฎุชู„ู ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุงู„ TCR
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:25,360 --> 00:01:29,840
67
+ repertoire ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ B-Lymphocyte ุงุชูƒูˆู†ุช
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:29,840 --> 00:01:41,080
71
+ ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Aminoglobulin Repertoire ุงู„
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:41,080 --> 00:01:48,900
75
+ majority of this TCR ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ TCR ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Two
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:48,900 --> 00:01:54,740
79
+ Chain Transmembrane Molecule Alpha Beta 90% ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:54,740 --> 00:01:58,430
83
+ ุงู„ู€ TCR ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Alpha Betaูˆู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:58,430 --> 00:02:05,670
87
+ Transmembrane ู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุฌุฒุก ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:05,670 --> 00:02:11,010
91
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุฌุฒุก ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:11,010 --> 00:02:15,930
95
+ Variable Region ูˆ Constant Region ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ Variable
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:15,930 --> 00:02:21,940
99
+ Region ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑุน ุงู„ Extra Cellular Portionูˆ ูŠุดุจู‡ ุงู„
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:21,940 --> 00:02:26,600
103
+ fab region ููŠ ุงู„ antibody ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ูู‰ ู…ูŠู† ูู‰
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:26,600 --> 00:02:35,040
107
+ ุงู„ antigen from alpha beta TCR ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน ุงู„
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:35,040 --> 00:02:39,420
111
+ antigenic peptide ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ู…ุณูˆูƒ ุจุงู„ุงู…ุด C ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ู‰
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:39,420 --> 00:02:44,060
115
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ host cell ูˆ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:46,940 --> 00:02:52,440
119
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ูˆุถุญุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† antigen presenting
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:52,440 --> 00:02:56,580
123
+ cell ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† host cell ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ู…ุงุณูŠุฑูŠ ูˆ ูƒูŠูˆุฑ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:56,580 --> 00:02:59,140
127
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุจูŠุจุชุงูŠุฏ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:00,880 --> 00:03:04,780
131
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู€ T lymphocyte ุจุงู„ู€ TCR ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:04,780 --> 00:03:08,040
135
+ ู…ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Extracellular portion ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:08,040 --> 00:03:11,180
139
+ ุนู† variable portion ูˆุจู…ุง ุงู† ุทูˆุจุฉ ุจุชุงุนูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:11,180 --> 00:03:15,800
143
+ Alpha ูˆููŠู‡ Beta ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ุณูƒูˆุง ู…ูŠู‡ ููŠ ู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:15,800 --> 00:03:23,480
147
+ Antigenic ุจุชุงุนุช ุงู„ู…ู…ุณูˆู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ MHC moleculeุฃูŠูˆ ูˆูู‰
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:23,480 --> 00:03:28,460
151
+ ุนู†ุง ุทุจุนุง two types of MHC molecule class 1 ูˆ class
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:28,460 --> 00:03:34,360
155
+ 2 ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:34,360 --> 00:03:38,860
159
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง class 2 ุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ antigen ุงู„ู„ู‰
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:38,860 --> 00:03:43,280
163
+ telemphocyte ุจุณ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน CD4 ูˆ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:43,280 --> 00:03:48,760
167
+ CD4 ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ MHC moleculeูˆุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู†
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:48,760 --> 00:03:52,400
171
+ presenting cell ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง class 1 ุจุชู‚ุฏู…
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:52,400 --> 00:03:59,220
175
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ู„ CD8 ูˆ CD8 ุงูŠุถุง ุจูŠู…ุณูƒ ุฏูˆุฉ ูู‰ class 1 MRC
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:59,220 --> 00:04:04,660
179
+ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูู‰ restriction ู‡ุงู† class 2 ุจุชู‚ุฏู…
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:04,660 --> 00:04:10,360
183
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ู„ CD4 class 1 ุจุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ู„ CD8
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:20,700 --> 00:04:29,160
187
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู…ุชุดูˆุฑ T-Lymphocyte CD4 ูˆCD8 ู‡ู…ุง
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:29,160 --> 00:04:33,440
191
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจุชู‚ุณูŠู… T-cells into two subtypes Alpha Beta
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:33,440 --> 00:04:37,180
195
+ CD4 ูˆAlpha Beta CD8 The function of these
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:37,180 --> 00:04:44,360
199
+ coreceptor molecules ุงู„ู‚ุงุชู‰ ู†ู…ุฑุงู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุฑุชุจุทุจุงู„ู€
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:44,360 --> 00:04:47,060
203
+ MHC ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ Antigen Presenting Cell
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:47,060 --> 00:04:53,340
207
+ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ู€ CD4 ูˆ CD8 ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ MHC
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:53,340 --> 00:04:56,580
211
+ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ Antigen Presenting Cell ู†ู…ุฑุฉ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:56,580 --> 00:05:02,560
215
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† Titan ุจูŠู‚ูˆู‘ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Adherence between T Cell
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:02,560 --> 00:05:06,720
219
+ and Antigen Presenting Cell ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:06,720 --> 00:05:09,700
223
+ ุญุตู„ุช ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ุจู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ Signal
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:09,700 --> 00:05:14,640
227
+ Transduction after activation of TCRุงู„ู€ Antigen
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:14,640 --> 00:05:21,940
231
+ Binding Alpha Beta Chain of TCR ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:21,940 --> 00:05:30,740
235
+ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ T-cell in a multimolecular complex ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:31,560 --> 00:05:38,360
239
+ ุจู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง CD3 ูˆ Zeta Polypeptides ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:38,360 --> 00:05:48,780
243
+ structure of TCR as a whole TCR ููŠ ุฌู†ุจู‡ CD3 ูˆุฌู†ุจู‡
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:48,780 --> 00:05:52,500
247
+ Zeta Polypeptide which act as a signal
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:52,500 --> 00:05:55,940
251
+ transduction unit after antigen binding to alpha
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:55,940 --> 00:05:59,930
255
+ betaูŠุจู‚ู‰ Alpha Beta ุจูŠู…ุณูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Antigen ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:59,930 --> 00:06:03,930
259
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ Signal Transduction CD3Zeta ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:03,930 --> 00:06:09,000
263
+ ุฌุงุนุช ุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ู€ TCRุงู„ู€ T-cell ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชุฏุนูŠ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:09,000 --> 00:06:21,840
267
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุจุฅุถุงูุฉ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:21,840 --> 00:06:27,680
271
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฏูˆุงุก CD3 ุฒูŠุชุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ TCR ุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:27,680 --> 00:06:33,520
275
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฏู‡ูŠุฌูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„costimulation ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ signal
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:33,520 --> 00:06:39,790
279
+ transductionูˆู‡ูŠ CD28 ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† cost stimulatory ูˆู‡ูˆ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:39,790 --> 00:06:44,830
283
+ CTLA4 CTLA4 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:44,830 --> 00:06:49,350
287
+ ุฑู‚ู… ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃูŠุถุง ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† inhibitory cytokine
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:49,350 --> 00:06:56,830
291
+ receptor ุซู… Integrin lymphocyte function antigen
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:56,830 --> 00:07:04,520
295
+ one ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† CD11A CD18ูˆุงู„ู€ VLA Very Late
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:04,520 --> 00:07:07,940
299
+ Antigen 4 CD49D
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:07,940 --> 00:07:29,260
303
+ CD29CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD2CD
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:30,980 --> 00:07:34,760
307
+ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ minor population of human and mouse
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:34,760 --> 00:07:38,640
311
+ T lymphocytes ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ Alpha Beta ุจุดูƒู„ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 90
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:38,640 --> 00:07:45,280
315
+ % ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ TCR ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ Gamma Delta ุฃู‚ู„ ุฃูˆ 10% ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:45,280 --> 00:07:52,600
319
+ TCR Gamma Delta ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง expressed ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:52,600 --> 00:08:00,350
323
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจู€ CD3Zุงู„ู€ Gamma Delta Positive ุชุณู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:08:00,350 --> 00:08:10,270
327
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ CD4 ุฅู„ุง ุฅู† ููŠ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ CD8 ูˆุงู„ู€
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:08:10,270 --> 00:08:15,470
331
+ function of Gamma Delta ุชุณู„ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุขู† are not
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:08:15,470 --> 00:08:20,650
335
+ well understood ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ูˆุธูŠูุฉ Alpha ูˆ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:08:20,650 --> 00:08:29,020
339
+ Betaุงู„ู€ gene coding for Beta, Gamma, Delta ุชุจุนุช ุงู„
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:08:29,020 --> 00:08:35,720
343
+ TCR ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง Allelic Exclusion that is genes
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:08:35,720 --> 00:08:39,860
347
+ from only one chromosome ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง maternal ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:39,860 --> 00:08:44,260
351
+ paternal ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุชุจุนุช Alpha do not show Allelic
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:44,260 --> 00:08:49,310
355
+ ExclusionุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ TCR ุทูˆู„ูŠุจูŠ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:49,310 --> 00:08:53,530
359
+ ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ู€ TCR Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:53,530 --> 00:08:56,090
363
+ ุจุชุงุนู‡ู… Beta, Gamma, Delta ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ู… Allelic
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:56,090 --> 00:08:59,570
367
+ Exclusion ูˆูŠู†ู…ุง Alpha ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง Allelic
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:59,570 --> 00:09:06,550
371
+ Exclusion TCR ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ expressed on the surface
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:09:06,550 --> 00:09:11,770
375
+ of developing T cell during differentiation in the
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:09:11,770 --> 00:09:16,110
379
+ thymusุฃุญู†ุง ุนุฑูู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุชุชุตู†ุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:09:16,110 --> 00:09:19,350
383
+ bone marrow ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุจูƒุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:09:19,350 --> 00:09:22,630
387
+ ุงู„thymus ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง development and
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:09:22,630 --> 00:09:27,370
391
+ differentiation the diversion development of T
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:09:27,370 --> 00:09:32,450
395
+ cell using Alpha Beta as their receptor from those
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:32,450 --> 00:09:38,690
399
+ using Gamma Delta ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุชุทูˆุฑู‡ุง ุชุฎุชุงุฑ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:38,690 --> 00:09:48,600
403
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ Alpha Beta ุฃูˆ Gamma Deltaู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงูŠู‡
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:48,600 --> 00:09:51,700
407
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ in the differentiation pathway in the thymus
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:51,700 --> 00:09:58,920
411
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ TCR ูˆูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:58,920 --> 00:10:05,910
415
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ thymusAlpha Beta TCR CD4 CD8 Positive
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:10:05,910 --> 00:10:11,970
419
+ Thymocytes ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Double Positive Thymocytes or
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:10:11,970 --> 00:10:17,410
423
+ cells ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Thymic Selection ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:10:17,410 --> 00:10:22,490
427
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ interaction of TCR and coreceptor
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:10:22,490 --> 00:10:28,950
431
+ molecule ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ T cell ูˆุฏู‡ MC molecule and
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:10:28,950 --> 00:10:32,570
435
+ ุจูŠุจุชุนุฏ expressed by Thymic Non-Lymphoid CellููŠ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:10:32,570 --> 00:10:39,710
439
+ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ non-lymphoid cell ุจุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู€ MSC
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:10:39,710 --> 00:10:44,010
443
+ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ู„ู„ู€ T-lymphocyte ูˆุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ T
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:10:44,010 --> 00:10:48,310
447
+ -cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Alpha Beta TCR CD4 Positive
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:10:48,310 --> 00:10:53,450
451
+ CD8 Positive ุฃูˆ Double Positive Cell ูˆุงู„ู€ MSC
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:10:53,450 --> 00:10:59,670
455
+ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุณุงุณ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Thymic
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:59,670 --> 00:11:08,400
459
+ SelectionูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฎู„ุงุฆุฉ ุชุณู…ู‰
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:11:08,400 --> 00:11:13,600
463
+ Cortical
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:11:13,600 --> 00:11:24,140
467
+ Epithelial Cell ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชุนู„ู… ูˆุชุฏุฑุจ ุชู„ูŠู†ููˆุณุงูŠุชุฒ ูˆุฅุฐุง
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:11:24,140 --> 00:11:29,680
471
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ูƒุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ูŠู„ุฉ ูู‡ูŠ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ูู‚ุท ุนู†ุฏู…ุง
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:11:29,680 --> 00:11:34,030
475
+ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุฎู„ูŠุฉthat express the same MHC molecule
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:11:34,030 --> 00:11:37,550
479
+ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงู† ุงู„ู€ T lymphocyte ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุชุชุนุฑู
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:11:37,550 --> 00:11:47,030
483
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ู„ุงูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ MHC molecule ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุตู„ุง ุดุงูุชู‡ ุฌุงุจู„
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:11:47,030 --> 00:11:51,270
487
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ during differentiation and thymus ู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:11:51,270 --> 00:11:55,150
491
+ ุงูˆู„ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู„ู… ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ T lymphocyte ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:11:55,150 --> 00:12:00,110
495
+ ุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ุงู„ MHC molecule ุงู„ู„ูŠ already ุงู†ุดุงู ุฌุงุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:12:00,110 --> 00:12:04,010
499
+ ุงูˆ ุงุชุตู„ู†ุง ู…ุนุงู‡ุงduring their differentiation ุชุตู†ุน
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:12:04,010 --> 00:12:07,250
503
+ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง during their differentiation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ T
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:12:07,250 --> 00:12:13,090
507
+ lymphocytes ุจุชุฑูˆุญูˆุง ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ููŠู‡ ูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:12:13,090 --> 00:12:17,090
511
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ positive selection ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุชุจุทูˆุง ุจุงู„
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:12:17,090 --> 00:12:21,270
515
+ MSC molecule they are surviving ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:12:21,270 --> 00:12:25,430
519
+ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุนู„ู‰ MSC molecule ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… ุจู…ูˆุชูˆ ุจูŠุงุจูˆุชูˆุณูŠุฒ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:12:25,430 --> 00:12:30,270
523
+ ูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ MSC restriction of T cell
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:12:30,270 --> 00:12:39,070
527
+ responseุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ู€ T lymphocyte deep
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:12:39,070 --> 00:12:44,470
531
+ in the thymus ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ selection
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:12:44,470 --> 00:12:47,670
535
+ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ negative selection ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู†
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:12:47,670 --> 00:12:51,970
539
+ ุงู„ู€dendritic cell at the junction of thymic cortex
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:12:51,970 --> 00:13:01,450
543
+ and ู…ุถู„ุฉ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ูˆู‡ูŠ removes
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:13:02,540 --> 00:13:09,620
547
+ T cell ุฎู„ุตุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ T lymphocytes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:13:09,620 --> 00:13:13,640
551
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน ุงู„ MSC ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุณูƒ self
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:13:13,640 --> 00:13:19,740
555
+ -antigen ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูƒู„ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชู…ุณูƒ ุชุชุนุฑู
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:13:19,740 --> 00:13:23,420
559
+ ุนู„ู‰ self-antigen it will be removed by apoptosis
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:13:23,420 --> 00:13:26,500
563
+ and this will ensure self-tolerance this will
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:13:26,500 --> 00:13:31,540
567
+ ensure self-tolerance ูˆุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:13:31,850 --> 00:13:36,230
571
+ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ thymus ุตุงุฑ ู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ self amnesia
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:13:36,230 --> 00:13:39,670
575
+ restriction ูˆุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡ุง self-tolerance ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ุงูŠุด
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:13:39,670 --> 00:13:42,970
579
+ self-tolerance ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุฑุญู„ุชูŠู† positive selection ูˆ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:13:42,970 --> 00:13:45,430
583
+ negative selection ููŠ ุงู„ positive selection ุตุงุฑ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:13:45,430 --> 00:13:49,150
587
+ amnesia restriction of telephysites ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:13:49,150 --> 00:13:53,110
591
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุตุงุฑ self-tolerance ูŠุนู†ูŠ self non self
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:13:53,110 --> 00:14:00,330
595
+ discrimination alpha beta cd4 positive cd8
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:14:00,330 --> 00:14:07,710
599
+ positivethat survived negative selection ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนุฏุช
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:14:07,710 --> 00:14:11,290
603
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ negative selection ู‡ูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ delta
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:14:11,290 --> 00:14:15,330
607
+ positive T lymphocytes leave the thymus ุจูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง ู…ู†
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:14:15,330 --> 00:14:21,210
611
+ ุงู„ thymus ูˆุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง repertoire of peripheral T
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:14:21,210 --> 00:14:25,130
615
+ cell in the blood ูˆ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ secondary
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:14:25,130 --> 00:14:30,270
619
+ lymphoid organs and they respond to non self or
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:14:30,270 --> 00:14:32,230
623
+ foreign antigen
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:14:36,190 --> 00:14:44,750
627
+ TCR ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ูƒูˆู…ุจู„ูŠูƒุณ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€TCR ูˆCD3 ูˆZeta
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:14:53,780 --> 00:15:02,960
631
+ ูˆ Zeta ูˆู‡ูŠ CD2247 ุจูŠุดูƒู„ูˆุง
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:15:02,960 --> 00:15:08,940
635
+ ุงู„ู€ TCR ุงู„ู„ูŠ CD3 ูˆ Zeta ูˆุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจุชุนุฏ ู…ุง ุจูŠุฑุชุจุทูˆุง ููŠ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:15:08,940 --> 00:15:12,720
639
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู… ุฏูˆุฑู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ Signal Transduction
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:15:12,720 --> 00:15:17,320
643
+ Molecule ุจุณ ูˆุงุฌุชูŠุด after TCR binding to the
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:15:17,320 --> 00:15:22,920
647
+ antigen ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุงุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ TCR ูˆูŠุฑุชุจุทุจุงู„ู€
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:15:22,920 --> 00:15:28,840
651
+ Antigen ุจุฏูˆุง ุงู„ู€ CD3Z ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง Signal Transduction
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:15:28,840 --> 00:15:32,820
655
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ู…ุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ู…ุน Immunoglobulin Alpha ูˆ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:15:32,820 --> 00:15:37,080
659
+ Immunoglobulin Beta ู„ุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ู€VCR ูˆุนู…ู„ูˆุง
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:15:37,080 --> 00:15:42,740
663
+ Transduction ู‡ู†ุงูƒ After Antigen binding to the
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:15:42,740 --> 00:15:49,180
667
+ Alpha Beta Chain ุงู„ Immunoreceptor tyrosine based
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:15:49,180 --> 00:15:55,270
671
+ activation motifู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ CD3 ูˆุงู„ุฒูŠุชุง
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:15:55,270 --> 00:16:00,070
675
+ ุจู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ in the early phase of T cell
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:16:00,070 --> 00:16:03,770
679
+ activation ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง Phosphorylation ูŠุจุฏูˆ ู†ุดุทู‡
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:16:03,770 --> 00:16:10,990
683
+ Air ุงู„ู€ T lymphocytes ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ TCR ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:16:10,990 --> 00:16:17,130
687
+ Antigen Binding ุฌู†ุจู‡ ููŠ CD3 ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†Gamma
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:16:17,130 --> 00:16:24,150
691
+ Delta Epsilon ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:16:24,150 --> 00:16:30,730
695
+ ุชูƒู…ู„ุฉ ู„ู€ Alpha Beta Gamma Delta ูˆEpsilon ุฌู†ุจู‡ู… ููŠู‡
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:16:30,730 --> 00:16:36,190
699
+ Zeta ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ Intracytoplasmic
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:16:36,190 --> 00:16:43,070
703
+ portion ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ู… signal transduction only both TCR
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:16:43,070 --> 00:16:51,580
707
+ and immunoglobulinูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุชุฏุนูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฌุณู…
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:16:51,580 --> 00:17:03,000
711
+ ุชุชุทูˆุฑ ู…ู† ุฌูŠู† ุนุงู… ูˆ ูƒุณุฑุงู„ ุฌู…ูŠุนู‡ู… ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุจูŠุทู„ุนูˆู†
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:17:03,000 --> 00:17:07,820
715
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฑุฃูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุจุงู‡ูŠ ูˆ ุฑุฃูŠู†ุง
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:17:07,820 --> 00:17:16,330
719
+ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† TCR ูˆ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:17:16,330 --> 00:17:23,450
723
+ ImmunoglobulinุŸ TCR ู‡ูˆ Monovalent ูˆู…ุดุจู‡ ุงู„ู€
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:17:23,450 --> 00:17:28,190
727
+ Monovalent ูู‡ุจ ูุฑู‚ ููŠ Immunoglobulin ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:17:28,190 --> 00:17:35,170
731
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงูˆ ุงู„ุชุดุงุจู‡
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:17:35,170 --> 00:17:39,210
735
+ ุนููˆุง ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง TCR ู‡ูˆ ุฏู‡ Monovalent ู„ูƒู†
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:17:39,210 --> 00:17:45,040
739
+ Immunoglobulin ู‡ูˆ Dyvalent ูู‡ุจูƒู„ TCR ูŠุดุจู‡ FAB ููŠ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:17:45,040 --> 00:17:51,800
743
+ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู†oglobulin ุงู„ TCR ุฑูŠุฌุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู†ู‡
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:17:51,800 --> 00:17:57,720
747
+ ููŠู‡ interaction ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ domain ุจูŠู†ู…ุง
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:17:57,720 --> 00:18:01,500
751
+ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู†oglobulin flexible ูู‡ู†ุง four polypeptide
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:18:01,500 --> 00:18:08,300
755
+ chain ู…ู…ุณูƒูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุชุฎู„ู‰ ู„ู‡ู… ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ูˆุงู†ุชุฌูŠู†
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:18:08,300 --> 00:18:11,580
759
+ ูˆุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ูˆุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ูˆุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ูˆุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ูˆุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ูˆุงู†ุชุฌูŠู†
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:18:11,580 --> 00:18:17,500
763
+ ูˆุงู†ุชุฌูŠู†ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุงู„ู€ TCR interact with small
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:18:17,500 --> 00:18:20,600
767
+ fragments of protein ู…ู…ุณูˆู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ Antigen
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:18:20,600 --> 00:18:26,960
771
+ -presenting cell ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ MHC ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู… ู…ุงุดูŠ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:18:26,960 --> 00:18:32,040
775
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ Immunoglobulin can recognize a variety of
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:18:32,040 --> 00:18:39,750
779
+ structure and shapes of antigenุงู„ู€ TCR ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:18:39,750 --> 00:18:47,330
783
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ immunoglobulin ุฃู†ู‡ ูู‚ุท ูˆุฌุฏุช ุตุญุฑุงุก ุนู„ู‰
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:18:47,330 --> 00:18:51,810
787
+ ุตุญุฑุงุก ุงู„ู…ู…ุจุฑูŠู†ุฉ ูˆู„ูŠุณูˆุง ู…ุญููˆุธูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:18:51,810 --> 00:18:53,250
791
+ ุจู†๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูˆู ููŠ ุงู„ immunoglobulin
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:18:56,420 --> 00:19:00,560
795
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู†ู‡ there is no change in TCR
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:19:00,560 --> 00:19:03,300
799
+ during the response to antigen ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:19:03,300 --> 00:19:06,880
803
+ immunoglobulin ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ somatic hyper mutation ูˆ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:19:06,880 --> 00:19:12,080
807
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ class switching ุฃูŠุถุง ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:19:12,080 --> 00:19:16,820
811
+ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุงู„ antigen ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ TCR ูˆ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:19:16,820 --> 00:19:20,540
815
+ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ immunoglobulin ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:19:21,170 --> 00:19:23,770
819
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ Cell membrane
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:19:23,770 --> 00:19:28,990
823
+ of Telophosphate ูˆ ู„ุงุญุธูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ TCR ุฌู†ุจู‡ ููŠ CD3
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:19:28,990 --> 00:19:32,870
827
+ ุฒูŠุชุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู† ุงู„ signal transduction ุซู…
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:19:32,870 --> 00:19:37,070
831
+ CD4 ุงูˆ CD8 ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ coreceptor ูˆ ุซู…
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:19:37,070 --> 00:19:43,090
835
+ ุงู„costimulatory ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ CD28 CD ุนู„ู‰ A4 ูˆ ููŠ ุงุฎุฑ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:19:43,090 --> 00:19:47,170
839
+ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ูƒCD40 legendุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ุณูƒ ููŠ CD40 ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ B
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:19:47,170 --> 00:19:51,410
843
+ -Lymphocyte ูˆุงู„ู€ ECOS ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชู…ุฑุถู‡ ุจุงู„ู€ ECOS
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:19:51,410 --> 00:19:55,650
847
+ -Ligand ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ CD4 ุงู„ู€ B-Lymphocyte ุซู…
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:19:55,650 --> 00:19:59,190
851
+ ููŠู‡ adhesive molecule ุงูˆ adhesive molecule ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:19:59,190 --> 00:20:08,670
855
+ FA1 ูˆุงู„ VLA4 CD2 CD62 Ligand ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูƒู„ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:20:08,670 --> 00:20:12,380
859
+ adhesive molecule ุซู… ููŠู‡ Chemokine Receptorุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:20:12,380 --> 00:20:18,960
863
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Chemokine receptor number seven ุทุจุนุง
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:20:18,960 --> 00:20:23,280
867
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุณู…ูŠุงุช ู‡ูŠ leukocyte LCA ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:20:23,280 --> 00:20:27,740
871
+ leukocyte common antigen CTL cytotoxic T
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:20:27,740 --> 00:20:34,180
875
+ lymphocytes VLA very late antigen CTLA cytotoxic
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:20:34,180 --> 00:20:39,060
879
+ lymphocyte antigen ูˆ LFA lymphocyte functional
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:20:39,060 --> 00:20:46,700
883
+ antigenุงู„ู€ CoreceptorุŒ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠู‡ CD4 ูˆCD8 ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:20:46,700 --> 00:20:49,400
887
+ Immature T lymphocyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตู„ ู„ู€ differentiation
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:20:49,400 --> 00:20:54,500
891
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ thymus express both CD4 ูˆCD8 ูˆุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:20:54,500 --> 00:20:58,400
895
+ ุงู„ู€ CD4 ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจู€ Class II MHC ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:20:58,400 --> 00:21:05,660
899
+ CD8 ุจุชุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ MHC Class I ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ูˆุฅู† CD4 ูˆCD8
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:21:05,660 --> 00:21:08,900
903
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ูƒู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฌูŠู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ T cell
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:21:10,110 --> 00:21:14,030
907
+ ูŠูู…ุซู„ูุท ุจุงู„ู€ Antigen-presenting cell ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู‘ูŠ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:21:14,030 --> 00:21:16,890
911
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ T-cell ูˆAntigen-presenting cell
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:21:16,890 --> 00:21:21,030
915
+ ูˆุฅู† CD4 ูˆ CD8 ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง involved in signal
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:21:21,030 --> 00:21:26,430
919
+ transduction ู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุงู„ู€ Antigen ุจุนุฏ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:21:26,430 --> 00:21:31,550
923
+ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท TCR ุจุงู„ู€ Antigen ูˆุฅู† ุงู„ู€ Intracellular
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:21:31,550 --> 00:21:41,660
927
+ portion of CD4 ูˆCD8 ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุฃูˆ ููŠู‡ุงู„ู€ Thyrosine
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:21:41,660 --> 00:21:47,840
931
+ Kinase Enzyme ูˆุฏู‡ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ุงู† ุชูŠุณ ุงู„ activation
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:21:47,840 --> 00:21:54,120
935
+ pathway ุงุฎุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฌุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ CD4 to CD8
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:21:54,120 --> 00:22:03,880
939
+ CD4 ุฏุนูู‰ ุงู„ CD2 ู„1 cost of natural legend ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:22:03,880 --> 00:22:07,580
943
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ููŠู‡ CD
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:22:07,580 --> 00:22:12,280
947
+ 28ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ B7 ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Antigen
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:22:12,280 --> 00:22:16,120
951
+ Presenting Cell ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑู‡ู† Co-Stimulatory ุฃูˆ Second
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:22:16,120 --> 00:22:21,800
955
+ Signal for T Cell Activation Its Co-Stimulation is
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:22:21,800 --> 00:22:26,000
959
+ required in addition to the interaction of TCR
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:22:26,000 --> 00:22:32,200
963
+ ุจุงู„ุฃู†ุชุฌู† ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ to activate Naive T Cell ูˆ ุงู„ู€
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:22:32,200 --> 00:22:35,140
967
+ Naive T Cell ู‡ูŠ ุจุฑู‡ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู… ุชุตุงุฏู ุฃู†ุชุฌู†
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:22:35,140 --> 00:22:41,470
971
+ ู…ุณุจู‚ุงูˆุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ Activated T Cell ููŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:22:41,470 --> 00:22:46,610
975
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง CTLA4 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจู€ CD28 ูˆุฏู‡ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:22:46,610 --> 00:22:53,230
979
+ Inhibitory ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ Negative Signal
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:22:53,230 --> 00:23:00,090
983
+ ู„ู€ Activated T-Lymphocytes ุทุจุนู‹ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ T
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:23:00,090 --> 00:23:03,530
987
+ -Lymphocytes ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง CD2 ูˆุฏู‡ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:23:03,530 --> 00:23:08,610
991
+ Adhesive ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ูˆุจูŠุนู…ู„ signal transduction
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:23:08,610 --> 00:23:17,050
995
+ properties in addition to CD4 and CD8 CD2,
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:23:17,230 --> 00:23:22,970
999
+ CD4, CD8 are only expressed on T lymphocytes
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:23:22,970 --> 00:23:32,470
1003
+ Integrand ู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ 1000A1 ูˆ VLA4 ุงู„ู€ 1000A1 ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:23:32,470 --> 00:23:39,140
1007
+ ุนู„ู‰ T ุณู„ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจู€ several ligands ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ ICAM-1
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:23:39,140 --> 00:23:43,240
1011
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ endothelial cell ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ antigen
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:23:43,240 --> 00:23:47,180
1015
+ -presenting cell ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ macrophage ูˆ ุงู„ู€dendritic
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:23:47,180 --> 00:23:52,240
1019
+ cell ุงู„ู€
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:23:52,240 --> 00:23:57,260
1023
+ homing ูู†ูˆู…ูŠู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ homing
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:23:57,260 --> 00:24:00,560
1027
+ ู„ูƒุชูŠุฑูŠู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช looking after the antigen ุจุชุถู„ ุชู„ู
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:24:00,560 --> 00:24:06,040
1031
+ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ blood ูˆุงู„secondary lymphoid organsุงู„ู„ูŠ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:24:06,040 --> 00:24:08,920
1035
+ ุงู„ู€ homing phenomena is mediated usually by
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:24:08,920 --> 00:24:13,920
1039
+ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ CD62 ุงู„ู€ legend ูˆู‡ูˆ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ L
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:24:13,920 --> 00:24:21,640
1043
+ -Selectin ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ู†ูŠูŠู T cell surface ุจุซุจุช
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:24:21,640 --> 00:24:26,140
1047
+ ุจุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ known as adresins ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:24:26,140 --> 00:24:32,380
1051
+ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง in a specialized region of vascular
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:24:32,380 --> 00:24:38,420
1055
+ endotheliumand at the boundary of the node ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:24:38,420 --> 00:24:44,280
1059
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุทุฑุงู ุงู„ nodes ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ vascular
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:24:44,280 --> 00:24:49,800
1063
+ endothelial cell ุจูŠุฑุจุท
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:24:49,800 --> 00:24:54,480
1067
+ ุงู„ tele lymphocytes ุจู‡ุฐู‡
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:24:54,480 --> 00:24:58,990
1071
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงู‡ู†ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู† ุงู„ู€ T lymphocyte ู„ู…ุง
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:24:58,990 --> 00:25:03,270
1075
+ ุจุชุตุงุฏู ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุงูŠุถุง ุชุงุฎุฏู‡ ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:25:03,270 --> 00:25:07,310
1079
+ secondary lymphoid organs ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุชุชู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:25:07,310 --> 00:25:13,710
1083
+ activation T cell differentiation ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง the
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:25:13,710 --> 00:25:19,330
1087
+ developing T lymphocyte ุงูˆ Thymocytes interact
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:25:19,330 --> 00:25:23,770
1091
+ with non lymphoid stromal cell of the thymusููŠ ุงู„ู€
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:25:23,770 --> 00:25:27,650
1095
+ Thymus ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ Cortical Epithelial Cell ูˆDendritic
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:25:27,650 --> 00:25:30,810
1099
+ Cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ junction of the Cortex and
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:25:30,810 --> 00:25:37,830
1103
+ Medulla ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Non-Lymphoid Cell ุจุชุฒูˆุฏ ุทุจุนุง
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:25:37,830 --> 00:25:43,690
1107
+ Critical Cell Surface Interaction required for the
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:25:43,690 --> 00:25:48,650
1111
+ development of maturing T CellุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:25:48,650 --> 00:25:53,770
1115
+ ุงู„ู€ stromal cell of the thymus can produce IL-7
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:25:53,770 --> 00:26:00,310
1119
+ which induce proliferation of T and B cell ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:26:00,310 --> 00:26:08,970
1123
+ ุงู„ู€B ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู„ ratio ู…ุง ุจูŠู† T ูˆB ุชู„ุช ุฃุถุนุงู ุงู„ู€B ูˆ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:26:08,970 --> 00:26:14,370
1127
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏู‹ุง ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ differentiation
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:26:14,370 --> 00:26:25,630
1131
+ of T cellู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Thymosin ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Thymopoietin ูˆู‡ูˆ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:26:25,630 --> 00:26:30,550
1135
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฑูŠุฌู„ุงุชุฑูŠ ู‡ูˆุฑู…ูˆู† ุงู„ู€ Thymic Selection ู‚ู„ู†ุง
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:26:30,550 --> 00:26:33,370
1139
+ ููŠู‡ Positive Selection ูˆ ููŠู‡ Negative Selection ูˆ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:26:33,370 --> 00:26:38,190
1143
+ ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุดุฑุญู†ุงู‡ู… ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุงู„ Positive Selection ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:26:38,190 --> 00:26:42,690
1147
+ ุงู„ู€ Double Positive Thymosin ูƒุฑุชุจุช ุจุงู„ุนู…ู„
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:26:42,690 --> 00:26:48,350
1151
+ Simoleculeู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดุงุก ุชุตู†ุน ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:26:48,350 --> 00:26:52,130
1155
+ ุจุชู…ุณูƒ ุจุงู„ุฃู…ุฏ ุดูŠ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠู‡ ุจุชุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:26:52,130 --> 00:26:55,670
1159
+ survival ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุชู…ูˆุช by
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:26:55,670 --> 00:27:01,270
1163
+ apoptosis ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:27:01,270 --> 00:27:07,130
1167
+ positive selection ู…ุชู‰ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ุจุนู…ู„ down regulation
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:27:07,130 --> 00:27:12,470
1171
+ ู„ุฑุงุฌ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุฑุงุฌ ุงุชู†ูŠู† gene ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:27:12,470 --> 00:27:19,140
1175
+ ุงู„ gene rearrangementู…ุงุดูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒุง developing
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:27:19,140 --> 00:27:25,400
1179
+ alpha beta TCR educated to MHC molecule can
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:27:25,400 --> 00:27:30,460
1183
+ respond to antigen ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุงุด ุจุงู„ MHC
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:27:30,460 --> 00:27:35,260
1187
+ molecule ุงู„
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:27:35,260 --> 00:27:38,640
1191
+ MHC molecule expressed in the person's eye mass
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:27:38,640 --> 00:27:42,780
1195
+ and that educate his or her developing T
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:27:42,780 --> 00:27:48,670
1199
+ lymphocyte ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ selfMHC ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ูˆูƒู„ ุงู„ other
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:27:48,670 --> 00:27:54,290
1203
+ types of MHC ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† non self ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:27:54,290 --> 00:27:59,230
1207
+ ุฃุณุงุณ ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ MHC restriction
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:27:59,230 --> 00:28:03,610
1211
+ ูู†ูˆู…ู†ุง ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† self MHC restriction
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:28:03,610 --> 00:28:08,510
1215
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† central to T cell response ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ุฌุฏุง
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:28:08,510 --> 00:28:12,580
1219
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ MHCู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ุงู„ู€ MSC ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:28:12,580 --> 00:28:15,140
1223
+ ุณู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ differentiation ู…ุนุงู‡ุง during its
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:28:15,140 --> 00:28:22,560
1227
+ development negative selection ุทุจุนุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:28:22,560 --> 00:28:28,780
1231
+ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ junction of corticomedullary portion
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:28:28,780 --> 00:28:36,160
1235
+ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุงู† ุงู„ T cell ูŠุชู‚ุฏู… ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ self
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:28:36,160 --> 00:28:39,940
1239
+ -antigen ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุงู…ุฑ MSC molecule ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:28:39,940 --> 00:28:44,190
1243
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ self ูˆ ุงู„ู€ non-self
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:28:44,190 --> 00:28:50,530
1247
+ ูุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ self ุจูŠู…ูˆุช ุจู€ apoptosis
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:28:50,530 --> 00:28:56,510
1251
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ุชุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ cell it will survive ุงู„ุง
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:28:56,510 --> 00:29:01,870
1255
+ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุงุชูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ููˆุณุงูŠุชุฒ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง strong
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:29:01,870 --> 00:29:07,350
1259
+ reactivity to self component ูˆุชุฑูƒุช
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:29:07,350 --> 00:29:12,940
1263
+ ุงู„thymus ุชุทู„ุน ุจุฑุงIt can interact with the antigen
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:29:12,940 --> 00:29:17,300
1267
+ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ autoimmune disease ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:29:17,300 --> 00:29:20,140
1271
+ autoimmune disease ุนุดุงู† ู†ู…ู†ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ negative
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:29:20,140 --> 00:29:21,420
1275
+ selection ู…ุตูŠุฑ ุนุดุงู† ู†ู…ู†ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ negative selection
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:29:21,420 --> 00:29:22,940
1279
+ ู…ุตูŠุฑ ู‡ู„ุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ negative selection ู‡ู„ุฃ ููŠ ุงู„
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:29:22,940 --> 00:29:25,980
1283
+ negative selection ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:29:25,980 --> 00:29:31,940
1287
+ ุจุชุชุนู„ู… ุชูุฑุฌ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ self ูˆ ุงู„ non-self antigen
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:29:31,940 --> 00:29:36,840
1291
+ ู‡ู„ุฃ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ double positive interact with the
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:29:36,840 --> 00:29:39,020
1295
+ MSC expressed on the dendritic cell
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:29:42,480 --> 00:29:49,240
1299
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง too high affinity TCR ุทุจุนุง ุชูŠ ุณูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:29:49,240 --> 00:29:53,820
1303
+ ู‡ูŠ expressing TCR that react with too high
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:29:53,820 --> 00:29:56,160
1307
+ affinity to the recombination of amethyst and
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:29:56,160 --> 00:30:03,420
1311
+ peptide they are ุทุจุนุง deleted by apoptosisูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:30:03,420 --> 00:30:07,160
1315
+ ุงู„ู€ Negative Selection ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจู†ูุฑู‚
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:30:07,160 --> 00:30:10,700
1319
+ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Self ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Non-Self ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ู€
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:30:10,700 --> 00:30:15,580
1323
+ Double Positive ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ .. ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:30:15,580 --> 00:30:21,900
1327
+ Surviving ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠูƒ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง Down Regulation
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:30:21,900 --> 00:30:28,690
1331
+ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† CD4 ุฃูˆ CD8 ูˆุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชุชู…ูŠุฒุงู…ุง
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:30:28,690 --> 00:30:34,850
1335
+ CD4 ูˆุงู…ุง CD8 ูˆูƒู„ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:30:34,850 --> 00:30:37,450
1339
+ ุฎุงุตูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ self-emphasis
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:30:37,450 --> 00:30:45,630
1343
+ restriction ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ self-tolerant ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:30:45,630 --> 00:30:51,010
1347
+ autoimmune regulatory gene in negative selection
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:30:52,250 --> 00:30:55,370
1351
+ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุทุงู„ุนูŠู† ุจุณุคุงู„ ู†ุทุฑุญ ู†ูุณู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ูƒูŠู ุงู„ู€ self
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:30:55,370 --> 00:31:01,790
1355
+ -tolerance ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู€ self-antigen outside the
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:31:01,790 --> 00:31:06,170
1359
+ thymus ุงุญู†ุง ุนู„ู…ู†ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ thymus ุทุจ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:31:06,170 --> 00:31:10,550
1363
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู€ thymus ู‡ุชุดูˆู ุจุนุถ ุงู„ self-antigen ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุงุณ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:31:10,550 --> 00:31:16,320
1367
+ ุฎุฏูุชู‡ ูˆ ุงุชุดุงูุชู‡ ู‚ุจู„ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชุนู„ู…ุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู‚ุงู„ุช
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:31:16,320 --> 00:31:21,180
1371
+ ุชุซุจุช ุจุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช that at least some
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:31:21,180 --> 00:31:24,140
1375
+ of cell molecules normally synthesized by tissue
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:31:24,140 --> 00:31:27,900
1379
+ outside the thymus ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุตู†ุน ุจุฑุง
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:31:27,900 --> 00:31:32,860
1383
+ ุงู„ thymus ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„thyroglobulin
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:31:32,860 --> 00:31:36,680
1387
+ ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠู„ูŠู† ุจูŠุฒูŠูƒ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูƒู„ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:31:36,680 --> 00:31:40,660
1391
+ ุนู† ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุจุชุชุตู†ุน ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ thymus those
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:31:40,660 --> 00:31:45,130
1395
+ proteins are expressed by epithelialููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:31:45,130 --> 00:31:49,890
1399
+ ุงุจูŠุซูŠู„ูŠุฉ they express these proteins ู…ุฑุชุจุท
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:31:49,890 --> 00:31:56,210
1403
+ ุจุงู„ุฃู…ู‡ุงุช C ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ุฃูŠุถุง ููŠู‡ุงุด ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุถู„ุฉ ูˆุฅู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:31:56,210 --> 00:32:05,470
1407
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ู‡
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:32:05,470 --> 00:32:10,730
1411
+ these studies ุฃูŠุถุง ุงุณุชูƒู…ู„ู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุชู‚ุชุฑุญ ุงู†
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:32:10,730 --> 00:32:17,750
1415
+ ุงู„ู…ุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงุจูŠุซูŠู„ูŠุฉ cellsูˆ ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงูƒุชุดุงู
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:32:17,750 --> 00:32:19,190
1419
+ ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงูƒุชุดุงู
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:32:19,190 --> 00:32:19,330
1423
+ ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงูƒุชุดุงู
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:32:19,330 --> 00:32:21,470
1427
+ ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงูƒุชุดู ุงูƒุชุดู ุงูƒุชุดู
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:32:21,470 --> 00:32:25,070
1431
+ ุงูƒุชุดู ุงูƒุชุดู ุงูƒุชุดู ุงูƒุชุดู ุงูƒุชุดู ุงูƒุชุดู ุงูƒุชุดู ุงูƒุชุดู
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:32:25,070 --> 00:32:26,650
1435
+ ุงูƒุชุดู ุงูƒุชุดู ุงูƒุชุดู ุงูƒุชุดู ุงูƒุชุดู ุงูƒุชุดู ุงูƒุชุดู ุงูƒุชุดู
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:32:26,650 --> 00:32:38,990
1439
+ ุงูƒุชุดู ุงูƒุชุดู ุงูƒุชุดู ุงูƒุชุดู ุงูƒุช
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:32:39,020 --> 00:32:42,500
1443
+ in the thymic medullary epithelial cells ุจู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑูŠ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:32:42,500 --> 00:32:46,880
1447
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ expression of this molecule ูˆุฅู†
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:32:46,880 --> 00:32:53,040
1451
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ autoimmune regulatory gene
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:32:53,040 --> 00:33:01,700
1455
+ product they are lacking of this gene ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:33:01,700 --> 00:33:07,940
1459
+ deletion of autoreactive T lymphocyte impairment
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:33:09,310 --> 00:33:13,890
1463
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ autoimmune response ุฃูˆ autoimmune
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:33:13,890 --> 00:33:19,090
1467
+ disease ุฒูŠ ุงู„ autoimmune polyendocrinopathy
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:33:19,090 --> 00:33:25,590
1471
+ candidiasis ุงูƒุชุฑ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุฏุฑู…ู„ ุฏุณุชุฑูˆููŠ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุณู†ุฏุฑูˆู… in
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:33:25,590 --> 00:33:31,610
1475
+ which multiple endocrine organ are targeted are
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:33:31,610 --> 00:33:34,730
1479
+ targeted ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… autoimmune
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:33:34,730 --> 00:33:43,100
1483
+ regulatory geneOrigin product ู…ุงุดูŠ They will
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:33:43,100 --> 00:33:47,000
1487
+ produce
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:33:47,000 --> 00:33:55,760
1491
+ autoimmune disease ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ูุนู„ ุงุนุชุจุงุฑ ุงู†ู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุงู†
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:33:55,760 --> 00:34:01,700
1495
+ ุงุถู„ุช ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ famous ุจุฑูˆุญ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุง ุจุณ not ุงู„ุง
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:34:01,700 --> 00:34:06,900
1499
+ ุงู† ุนูŠุงุจู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณูŠู„ ุจุฑูˆุฏูƒุดู† ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุฌุงู„ู‡ ููŠ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:34:06,900 --> 00:34:12,240
1503
+ two explanation ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ุงู† ุงู†ู‡
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:34:12,240 --> 00:34:15,980
1507
+ ููŠ remnant of thymus this remnant of thymus can
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:34:15,980 --> 00:34:20,950
1511
+ produce T lymphocyteูˆุฃูƒูŠุฏ ููŠ extra side that takes
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:34:20,950 --> 00:34:26,410
1515
+ over ููŠู…ุง ูƒู…ุงูƒู† ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ thymus ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตู†ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:34:26,410 --> 00:34:32,090
1519
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ telemphocytes however ูˆู„ูƒู† if thymus is
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:34:32,090 --> 00:34:36,970
1523
+ removed ุชูŠุณู„ are made somewhere ุชุชุตู†ุน way ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู†
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:34:36,970 --> 00:34:44,790
1527
+ ุขุฎุฑูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ุน ุงู„ุชูุณูŠุฑ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:34:44,790 --> 00:34:52,470
1531
+ ููŠู‡ extra sides that takes over the mission ุทุจุนุง
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:34:52,470 --> 00:34:58,750
1535
+ some children ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู†ูˆู„ุฏูˆุง with thymus that failed
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:34:58,750 --> 00:35:05,320
1539
+ to develop correctly in uteroูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ู…ุฑุถ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:35:05,320 --> 00:35:09,540
1543
+ Digest Syndrome ู…ุง ุจูŠุตู†ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทูู„ T lymphocyte at
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:35:09,540 --> 00:35:15,180
1547
+ all ู„ุฃู† already ุงู„ thymus ุนู†ุฏู‡ is not developed
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:35:15,180 --> 00:35:22,320
1551
+ correctly ุงูŠุถุง ุงู„ mice ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ thymus does
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:35:22,320 --> 00:35:28,280
1555
+ not develop ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… node mice ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† they lack
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:35:28,280 --> 00:35:33,000
1559
+ .. also they lack hair node ุจูŠุนู†ูŠูุงุฑ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:35:33,000 --> 00:35:39,160
1563
+ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูุงุฑ ู†ุงู‚ุต ู„ูŠุด ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุดู…ู‡ุงุด ู…ุง
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:35:39,160 --> 00:35:45,160
1567
+ ุจูŠุทู„ุนู„ูˆุด ุดุนุฑ ููŠ ูƒุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุชูŠู† T lymphocyte do not
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:35:45,160 --> 00:35:53,910
1571
+ develop ูˆ T cell responses are defectiveู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:35:53,910 --> 00:35:56,470
1575
+ ุนู† development of T lymphocyte ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:35:56,470 --> 00:36:00,350
1579
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:36:00,350 --> 00:36:05,730
1583
+ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชู…ูˆุช ุนู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:36:05,730 --> 00:36:09,070
1587
+ positive ูˆ ุงู„ negative selection ุงูŠ ุงู„ stem cell
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:36:09,070 --> 00:36:16,630
1591
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง marker ุซู… ุจูŠุชูˆู„ุฏ CD4
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:36:16,630 --> 00:36:22,800
1595
+ CD8 TCR ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ MSC moleculeุชุจุนู‡ุง
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:36:22,800 --> 00:36:26,880
1599
+ will survive ูˆู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชุชุนุฑู it will die by
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:36:26,880 --> 00:36:32,480
1603
+ apoptosis ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงุดูˆุง ุจูŠู…ุชุญู†ูˆุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:36:32,480 --> 00:36:37,620
1607
+ ุงู„ู…ุถู„ุฉ ุงูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุทุฑู ุงู„ู…ุถู„ุฉ ุงู†ู‡ู… ุจุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ TCR
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:36:37,620 --> 00:36:43,760
1611
+ ุจุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ MSC ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจ self antigen ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุฑู ..
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:36:43,760 --> 00:36:47,820
1615
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชุนุฑู will survive ูˆู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุฑู survive ุทุจุนุง
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:36:47,820 --> 00:36:55,100
1619
+ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู…ุง CD4 ูˆุงู…ุง CD8ูุฑูˆู‚ุงุช ู…ุง ุจูŠู†
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:36:55,100 --> 00:37:00,920
1623
+ ุงู„ู€ T-lymphocyte ูˆ ุงู„ู€ B-lymphocyte ููŠู†ุง ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุทูˆูŠู„
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:37:00,920 --> 00:37:04,660
1627
+ ุนุฑูŠุถ ุงูŠู‡ ู†ู…ุฑุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฑุถ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:37:04,660 --> 00:37:08,260
1631
+ ุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุณู…ู‡ TCR ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:37:08,260 --> 00:37:12,160
1635
+ PCR recognition on processed peptide plus MRC and
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:37:12,160 --> 00:37:15,340
1639
+ Recure T-lymphocyte ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู†ุชุฌู† presenting
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:37:15,340 --> 00:37:19,060
1643
+ cell ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ B-lymphocyte ู„ุง ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:37:19,060 --> 00:37:22,980
1647
+ requirement for antigen presentationุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ T
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:37:22,980 --> 00:37:26,620
1651
+ lymphocyte ู„ุง ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ presentation ุจูŠู†ู…ุง
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:37:26,620 --> 00:37:31,700
1655
+ ุงู„ู€ B lymphocyte ุชู‚ูˆู… IGM on the surface ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:37:31,700 --> 00:37:35,700
1659
+ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ B lymphocytes CD3 ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ T
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:37:35,700 --> 00:37:40,340
1663
+ lymphocytes ุงู„ู€ clonal expansion ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุจุนุฏ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:37:40,340 --> 00:37:44,540
1667
+ ู…ุง ุชุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ antigen Monoglobulin synthesis ูู‚ุท
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:37:44,540 --> 00:37:48,280
1671
+ ุงู„ู€ B lymphocyte regulator of antibody synthesis
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:37:48,280 --> 00:37:53,150
1675
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ T lymphocyteุงู„ู€ cytokine release ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:37:53,150 --> 00:37:57,130
1679
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ T-lymphocytes if cell-mediated immunity
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:37:57,130 --> 00:38:00,750
1683
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ T-lymphocytes maturation in the
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:38:00,750 --> 00:38:04,730
1687
+ thymus ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ T-lymphocytes ูˆ maturation in the
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:38:04,730 --> 00:38:10,450
1691
+ bone marrow ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชุฎุชุต ุจุงู„ู€ A-H ุจุงู„ู€ B-lymphocytes
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:38:10,450 --> 00:38:15,630
1695
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุจุฑุถู‡ ูุนู„ ุงุนุชุจุงุฑ ุนุดุงู† ู†ู†ุณู‰ ุงู† ุงู„ู€ NK cell
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:38:15,630 --> 00:38:22,340
1699
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ NKT cell ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง developed in the thymusูˆูƒู…ุงู†
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:38:22,340 --> 00:38:28,920
1703
+ ููŠ ุชูŠ ุฑูŠุฌ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ CD4 T-lymphocytes
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:38:28,920 --> 00:38:35,240
1707
+ ู„ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ CD25 ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูƒregulator ุจุชุนู…ู„
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:38:35,240 --> 00:38:39,640
1711
+ inhibitory response for both self and for an
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:38:39,640 --> 00:38:44,880
1715
+ antigen ูˆุฅู†ู‡ both CD4 ูˆCD8 ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุจูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง ู…ู†
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:38:44,880 --> 00:38:47,700
1719
+ ุงู„thymus ุจูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ blood ุซู… secondary lymphoid
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:38:47,700 --> 00:38:53,670
1723
+ organs looking after antigenonce .. once .. once
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:38:53,670 --> 00:39:00,850
1727
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ they connect with antigen ุณู„ู‡ู… activation and
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:39:00,850 --> 00:39:05,090
1731
+ differentiation ูˆ ุจุชุญูˆู„ูˆุง ู„ effector cell ูˆ ุทุจุนุง
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:39:05,090 --> 00:39:15,370
1735
+ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุจูŠุชุญูˆู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ memory cell ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูˆุชุฉ ูˆ
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:39:15,370 --> 00:39:23,410
1739
+ ู†ุฑุฌูˆ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู‚ุฏ ุงุณุชู…ุชุนุชู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ุจู†ุนูŠุด ุจู‡ุฐู‡
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:39:23,410 --> 00:39:24,190
1743
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
1744
+
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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:03,950 --> 00:00:08,970
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ูˆุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:08,970 --> 00:00:15,270
7
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ูˆู†ุจูŠู†ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุตุงุฏู‚ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู† ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:15,270 --> 00:00:22,310
11
+ ู†ุฑุญุจ ุจูƒู… ุฌู…ูŠุนุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุงู‚ ูˆุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:22,310 --> 00:00:26,770
15
+ ู…ุณุงู‚ ุฏู… ุฎููŠู ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ูˆุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ู…ู†
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:26,770 --> 00:00:31,830
19
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุฏุนูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃู† ู„ุง ุชุทูˆู„ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:36,570 --> 00:00:41,130
23
+ ู…ุณุงู‚ู†ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู†ุงุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ูˆ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:41,130 --> 00:00:46,670
27
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุชู… ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ูƒู„ูƒู…
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:46,670 --> 00:00:52,190
31
+ ู…ุงุฎุฐูŠู† ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู .. ู‡ู†ุชุทุฑู‚ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:52,190 --> 00:00:56,170
35
+ ู„ู…ูˆุงุถูŠุน ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:56,170 --> 00:01:01,910
39
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุจู†ูˆุน
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:01,910 --> 00:01:08,920
43
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณุงู‚ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:08,920 --> 00:01:17,340
47
+ PowerPoint ูˆ ู‡ู‚ูˆู… ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุดุฑุญู‡ุง ุจุดูŠุก ู…ู„ุฎุต ู„ุฃู†
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:17,340 --> 00:01:21,300
51
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ูุฃู†ุง ู‡ุนุทูŠูƒู… ุงู„ู€ summary ุชุจุน
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:21,300 --> 00:01:26,440
55
+ ุงู„ู€ course ู„ุฃู† ุฃุตู„ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฉ ู…ุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:26,440 --> 00:01:33,280
59
+ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏุฉ ูˆู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุทุจุนุง ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:33,280 --> 00:01:38,330
63
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูˆู…ุง ุจูŠู† ูƒู„ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนู…ู„ู†ุง
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:38,330 --> 00:01:43,970
67
+ ู„ู‚ุงุก ู…ูุชูˆุญ ู†ุฑุงุฌุน ููŠู‡ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ุด ู…ูู‡ูˆู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ
68
+
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+ 18
70
+ 00:01:43,970 --> 00:01:53,050
71
+ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุณุคุงู„ ู…ุด ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅุญู†ุง
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+
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+ 19
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+ 00:01:53,050 --> 00:01:57,850
75
+ ู…ุนู†ุง ุฃุฑุจุน ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณุจูˆุน ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุฃูˆ ุฃุณุจูˆุนูŠู†
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+
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+ 20
78
+ 00:01:57,850 --> 00:02:03,870
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+ ู„ู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ุงู„ู†ุตููŠ ูˆุงู„ู€ final ุจูŠุถู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง 12 ุฃุณุจูˆุน
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:03,870 --> 00:02:09,850
83
+ ูู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 12 ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:09,850 --> 00:02:13,750
87
+ ู…ุด ุฑุงุญ ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุบุทูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุถูŠุน ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ
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+
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+ 23
90
+ 00:02:13,750 --> 00:02:24,550
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+ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฌุฒุก seminar ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู†ูƒ ุฃู†ุช ูƒุทุงู„ุจ
92
+
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+ 24
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+ 00:02:24,550 --> 00:02:35,220
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+ ุชุญุถุฑ ู„ู†ุง ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ููŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู„ู… ู†ุชุทุฑู‚ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู†ุงุนูŠ ุทุจุนุง ุฃูˆ
96
+
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+ 25
98
+ 00:02:35,220 --> 00:02:42,920
99
+ ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุนู…ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฅุซุฑุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชุฌูŠุฏ ุฃูˆ ุชุถูŠู
100
+
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+ 26
102
+ 00:02:42,920 --> 00:02:50,300
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+ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู„ู… ู†ุชุทุฑู‚ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ุจุนุฏ ู‡ู†ุชูู‚
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+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:50,300 --> 00:02:55,520
107
+ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ูˆู†ูˆุฒุน ู„ูƒู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู†ุงูˆูŠู†
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+
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+ 28
110
+ 00:02:55,520 --> 00:03:04,340
111
+ ูƒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ุงู„ .. ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุญุฏุฏ
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+
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+ 29
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+ 00:03:04,340 --> 00:03:09,700
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+ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู†ุตููŠ ูˆู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ุงู„ู†ุตููŠ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
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+
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+ 30
118
+ 00:03:09,700 --> 00:03:14,520
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+ .. ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ 40 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู‡ู†ู‚ุณู…ู‡ู…
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+
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+ 31
122
+ 00:03:14,520 --> 00:03:22,540
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+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุดุฑูŠู† seminar ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†
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+
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+ 32
126
+ 00:03:22,540 --> 00:03:26,600
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+ ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ู†ุตููŠ ูˆู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุณุชูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ final
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+
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+ 33
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+ 00:03:26,600 --> 00:03:33,250
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+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุบุงู„ุจุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุบุงู„ุจุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ
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+
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+ 34
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+ 00:03:33,250 --> 00:03:38,990
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+ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ course ู…ู‚ุณู… ูƒุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ seminar
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+
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+ 35
138
+ 00:03:38,990 --> 00:03:43,630
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+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู†ุตููŠ ูˆุฅู† ูƒู†ุช ุฃู†ุง ุดุงูŠูู‡ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ
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+
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+ 36
142
+ 00:03:43,630 --> 00:03:49,130
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+ ุณุชูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ ู†ุตููŠ
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+
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+ 37
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+ 00:03:49,130 --> 00:03:53,750
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+ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† seminar ู‡ูŠ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ูˆุฎู…ุณูŠู† ู†ุตููŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
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+
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+ 38
150
+ 00:03:53,750 --> 00:04:01,450
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+ ุฃูุถู„ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุฉ ุฒูŠู† ูŠุง ุฒูŠู†ุงู† ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฎูŠุฑ
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+
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+ 39
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+ 00:04:01,450 --> 00:04:07,250
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+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุนู„ู‰
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+
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+ 40
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+ 00:04:07,250 --> 00:04:10,410
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+ ุจุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ูŠ
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+
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+ 41
162
+ 00:04:10,410 --> 00:04:15,770
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+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ุฅุญู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุจู†ุนู…ู„
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+
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+ 42
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+ 00:04:15,770 --> 00:04:21,750
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+ refreshing to your memory ุจู†ุณุชุฏุนูŠ ุฃูˆ ุจู†ู†ุดุท
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+
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+ 43
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+ 00:04:21,750 --> 00:04:26,810
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+ ุฐุงูƒุฑุชูƒู… ููŠ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ูู‡ู†ุทุฑู‚ ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุถุน ุงู„ุชูŠ
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+
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+ 44
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+ 00:04:26,810 --> 00:04:29,210
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+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุชุฃูƒุฏ ุฃู†ูƒู… ุชุนุฑููˆู‡ุง ูˆุงุฎุฐุชูˆู‡ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุง
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+
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+ 45
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+ 00:04:33,140 --> 00:04:36,920
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+ ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ introduction ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุนู…ู„ introduction
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+
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+ 46
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+ 00:04:36,920 --> 00:04:45,000
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+ ู„ู„ู€ course ุจูŠู‡ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุถูŠุน ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
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+ 47
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+ 00:04:45,000 --> 00:04:50,360
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+ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ู€ course outline ุฃู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุญุชู‰ ุชู†ูƒูŠู‡ุง
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+
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+ 48
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+ 00:04:50,360 --> 00:04:55,270
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+ ุญุชู‰ ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุฑุงุญ ุฃุชุทุฑู‚ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุจุณ ูƒู… ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒู„
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+
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+ 49
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+ 00:04:55,270 --> 00:04:59,630
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+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุถูŠุน ุตุนุจ ุฌุฏุง ุฃู† ุฃุชุทุฑู‚ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ุณุงู‚ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง
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+
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+ 50
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+ 00:04:59,630 --> 00:05:03,170
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+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุทุงุน ู‡ู†ุบุทูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ
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+
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+ 51
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+ 00:05:03,170 --> 00:05:10,690
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+ ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุณูŠู…ูŠู†ุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ
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+
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+ 52
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+ 00:05:10,690 --> 00:05:12,950
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+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุจุฏุฃุช ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ timeline
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+
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+ 53
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+ 00:05:12,950 --> 00:05:17,710
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+ of immunology ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด ุฑุงุญ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุชุทุฑู‚ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ูุฏู‡
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+
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+ 54
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+ 00:05:17,710 --> 00:05:21,810
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+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† history of immunology ุดูˆ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ุฑุช
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+
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+ 55
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+ 00:05:21,810 --> 00:05:30,090
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+ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ูˆุจุชูˆุงุฑูŠุฎู‡ุง ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ูู‚ุท ู„ู„ุนู„ู…
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+
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+ 56
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+ 00:05:30,090 --> 00:05:37,730
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+ ุนุดุงู† ุฅูŠุด ู†ุนุฑู ุฅุญู†ุง ู„ูˆูŠู† ูˆุงุตู„ูŠู† ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ
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+
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+ 57
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+ 00:05:37,730 --> 00:05:44,010
227
+ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุจู†ุนุทูŠูƒู… ู…ุงุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ up to
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+
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+ 58
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+ 00:05:44,010 --> 00:05:48,910
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+ date information ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ
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+
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+ 59
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+ 00:05:51,020 --> 00:05:56,160
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+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุชูŠ
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+
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+ 60
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+ 00:05:56,160 --> 00:06:00,820
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+ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ูŠุญู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ introduction ูˆุงู„ู€
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+
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+ 61
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+ 00:06:00,820 --> 00:06:05,180
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+ introduction ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุฐูƒุฑ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ู…ู†ุงุนูŠุฉ
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+
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+ 62
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+ 00:06:05,180 --> 00:06:08,680
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+ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู€ immunology ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ immunology
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+
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+ 63
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+ 00:06:08,680 --> 00:06:12,700
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+ immunology ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู… ุนู„ู… ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ
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+
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+ 64
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+ 00:06:12,700 --> 00:06:20,250
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+ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒู„ ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ุฏูุงุน ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู…
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+
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+ 65
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+ 00:06:20,250 --> 00:06:26,710
259
+ ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฅู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ู€ immunity ู‡ูŠ ู‚ุฏุฑุชูƒ to
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+
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+ 66
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+ 00:06:26,710 --> 00:06:33,050
263
+ resist the disease ุงู„ู€ immune system ู‡ูˆ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:33,050 --> 00:06:39,370
267
+ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช ุฎู„ุงูŠุง or tissue or molecules
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:39,370 --> 00:06:47,860
271
+ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆุจู†ุณุฎุฑู‡ุง to resist the disease ุงู„ู€
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:47,860 --> 00:06:52,000
275
+ immune response ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† coordinate work ูŠุนู†ูŠ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:52,000 --> 00:06:58,100
279
+ ุนู…ู„ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ of the immune response against foreign
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:58,100 --> 00:07:03,540
283
+ substance ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุทูˆุดุฉ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุนุฑูƒุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุง
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:07:03,540 --> 00:07:07,680
287
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃู†ุช ุชุญุตู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูˆู…ุง
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:07:07,680 --> 00:07:11,600
291
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ foreign substance ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฏุฎู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู€
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:07:11,600 --> 00:07:16,480
295
+ Immunity ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุขุฎุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ native or natural
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:16,480 --> 00:07:20,120
299
+ immunity ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ู€
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:20,120 --> 00:07:27,060
303
+ adaptive ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ูƒุชุณุจุฉ ูˆู…ุซู„ุง
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:27,060 --> 00:07:33,300
307
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง adaptation to infection ุงู„ู€ antigen ู‡ูˆ ุฃูŠ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:33,300 --> 00:07:37,300
311
+ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุฏุฎู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:37,300 --> 00:07:41,330
315
+ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุฑุชุจุท ุจู€ antibody ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ antigen ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุŒ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:41,330 --> 00:07:42,030
319
+ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:42,030 --> 00:07:42,830
323
+ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:42,830 --> 00:07:46,170
327
+ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:46,170 --> 00:07:51,030
331
+ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:51,030 --> 00:07:51,090
335
+ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:51,090 --> 00:08:01,410
339
+ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:08:01,410 --> 00:08:08,070
343
+ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:08:10,420 --> 00:08:16,920
347
+ ุงู„ู€ Antigen Presentation ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุญุถูŠุฑ ูˆุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ู„ู„ู€
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:16,920 --> 00:08:22,720
351
+ Antigen ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชู‚ุทูŠุนู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ Peptide Fragments
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:22,720 --> 00:08:27,280
355
+ ู…๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุณู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง Antigen Presenting
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:27,280 --> 00:08:35,080
359
+ Cell ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู€ Antigen ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:35,080 --> 00:08:38,120
363
+ ุนู† ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง or bacterial
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:38,120 --> 00:08:45,220
367
+ extracts ุจู†ุณุฎุฑู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ูƒู€ non immunogenic agent
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:45,220 --> 00:08:52,800
371
+ or antigen ู„ุชุญููŠุฒ ุงู„ู€ immune response ู†ุงุดูŠ immunity
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:53,860 --> 00:08:58,340
375
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ term derived ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุณู…
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:58,340 --> 00:09:03,460
379
+ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุงู„ุงุณู… ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุฌุงูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุตุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฏุจู„ูˆู…ุงุณูŠุฉ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:09:03,460 --> 00:09:10,080
383
+ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชูุนุทู‰ ู„ู„ู€ senators ุฒู…ุงู† ููŠ ูŠู…ุง ุงู„ุฑูˆู…ุงู†
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:09:10,080 --> 00:09:16,640
387
+ ุถุฏ ุฃูŠ ู…ุณุงุกู„ุฉ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠุฉ ูˆูŠุนุฑููˆู‡ุง ุจุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:09:16,640 --> 00:09:22,120
391
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุชูŠ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู…
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:09:23,680 --> 00:09:28,700
395
+ ู„ุญู…ุงูŠุชู‡ against environmental agents or foreign
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:28,700 --> 00:09:36,140
399
+ substance ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ุตูˆุฑ ุจุชุนุจุฑ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:36,140 --> 00:09:41,880
403
+ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ foreign substance ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู†
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:41,880 --> 00:09:45,220
407
+ food, chemicals, drugs, pollen, animal hair or
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:45,220 --> 00:09:50,820
411
+ dander you name it ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ู„ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ุงู„ู€ innate ูˆุงู„ู€
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:50,820 --> 00:09:55,460
415
+ acquired ูˆุงู„ู€ innate ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎุตุงุฆุตู‡ุง ูˆู„ุฃูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ exam
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:55,460 --> 00:10:04,580
419
+ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎุตุงุฆุตู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ู„ุฃู† it is not specific it is
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:10:04,580 --> 00:10:13,840
423
+ limited ู„ุฅู†ู‡ genetically encoded and there is no
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:10:13,840 --> 00:10:20,440
427
+ memory ูˆู„ุง reactivity to self ู…ุงุดูŠ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:10:23,500 --> 00:10:27,860
431
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ non-reactive ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ adaptive ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:10:27,860 --> 00:10:34,240
435
+ specific ูˆ very large receptors that are produced
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:10:34,240 --> 00:10:42,500
439
+ by somatic recombination ููŠ memory ูˆููŠ ุฃูŠุถุง
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:10:42,500 --> 00:10:48,800
443
+ discrimination ู„ู„ู€ self-antigen ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:10:48,800 --> 00:10:52,380
447
+ ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูƒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช cellular or
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:10:52,380 --> 00:10:55,460
451
+ blood protein or cells ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ innate ูˆุงู„ู€
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:10:55,460 --> 00:10:59,700
455
+ adaptive ูˆุฏูŠ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจุชูˆุถุญ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ ุขุชูŠ ุจุชูˆุถุญ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:59,700 --> 00:11:04,360
459
+ innate cells ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ูˆุณุงุนูŠุŒ dendritic cellsุŒ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:11:04,360 --> 00:11:09,000
463
+ angiocelcus ูˆุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ elements ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ antibody ูˆุงู„ู€
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:11:09,000 --> 00:11:12,860
467
+ .. ูˆุงู„ู€ .. ูˆุงู„ู€ .. sorry ูŠุนู†ูŠ complement ูˆู„ูŠุณ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:11:12,860 --> 00:11:18,460
471
+ antibody ู…ุงุดูŠ ุซู… ุงู„ู€ adaptive ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชู…ุซู„ ุจุงู„ู€ B ูˆุงู„ู€ T
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:11:18,460 --> 00:11:23,300
475
+ lymphocyte B ูˆT lymphocyte ูˆุฃู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ kinetics
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:11:23,300 --> 00:11:27,320
479
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฏุงูุน ุฎุท ุงู„ุฏูุงุน
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:11:27,320 --> 00:11:35,560
483
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ innate ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ ุณุงุนุฉ ุซู… ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู€
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:11:35,560 --> 00:11:39,920
487
+ adaptive ุฅุฐุง ูุดู„ุช ุทุจุนุง ุจุงู„ู€ innate ุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู€ adaptive
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:11:39,920 --> 00:11:48,140
491
+ ู…ู† ูŠูˆู… ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุฃูŠุงู… ุจุชุญุถูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ุจุชูˆุดุฉ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ูˆุฅู…ุง
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:11:48,140 --> 00:11:51,860
495
+ ุจุชุฎู„ุต ุงู„ู€ antigen ูˆุฅู…ุง ุจุชุณุชู…ุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ immunity
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:11:51,860 --> 00:11:56,020
499
+ ุจุฃู†ูˆุงุนู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุชูŠ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:11:56,020 --> 00:11:59,020
503
+ ุงุชุญุงูƒูˆุง ุจูŠู‡ุง ุจุณ ุงู„ู€ immunity ุฏู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ุชุดูˆููˆู†
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:11:59,020 --> 00:12:00,680
507
+ adaptive immunity ูˆ innate immunity
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:12:08,210 --> 00:12:14,810
511
+ naturally ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู€ adaptive ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ูˆ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:12:14,810 --> 00:12:18,470
515
+ ุฌุงู„ูˆ ู…ู†ู‡ุง natural ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† passive ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:12:18,470 --> 00:12:23,070
519
+ ู„ู„ุทูู„ or active ุฅุฐุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุงุจ ุจุงู„ู€ infection ูˆ ุงู„
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:12:23,070 --> 00:12:26,770
523
+ artificial ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† passive ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃู†ู‚ู„
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:12:26,770 --> 00:12:34,380
527
+ antibody ุฃูˆ during by using immunization ููŠ ู†ูˆุน
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:12:34,380 --> 00:12:38,180
531
+ ุซุงู„ุซ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ adoptive ุงู„ู€ adoptives ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:12:38,180 --> 00:12:41,600
535
+ ู†ู‚ู„ passive ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุณ ุจุฃู†ู‚ู„ ุจุฏู„ ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‚ู„ antibody
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:12:41,600 --> 00:12:47,600
539
+ ุจุฃู†ู‚ู„ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุฃู†ู‚ู„ูŠุงุด ุฎู„ุงูŠุง cells involved in
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:12:47,600 --> 00:12:53,320
543
+ acquired immunity ูู„ู†ุดูˆู ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:12:53,320 --> 00:12:59,260
547
+ ุนู† lymphocytes ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† T cell ูˆ B cell ูˆ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:12:59,260 --> 00:13:06,140
551
+ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… R specific for the antigen ูˆูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:13:06,140 --> 00:13:10,880
555
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ is to recognize and react ู…ุงุดูŠ against
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:13:10,880 --> 00:13:15,440
559
+ the antigen ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Antigen Presenting
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:13:15,440 --> 00:13:21,360
563
+ Cell ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชุญู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:13:21,360 --> 00:13:29,220
567
+ ุชุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ antigen ูˆ ุจุชู‚ุฏู…ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ T lymphocyte ู…ู†
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:13:29,220 --> 00:13:34,550
571
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Antigen Presenting Cell ูˆูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ protein
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:13:34,550 --> 00:13:41,330
575
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู‡ู†ุชุทุฑู‚ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:13:41,330 --> 00:13:48,510
579
+ ุงู„ู€ MHC molecule ูˆ ู‡ู†ุชุทุฑู‚ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู‡ ุจุณ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:13:48,510 --> 00:13:53,270
583
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุชุฐูƒุฑูƒู… ุจุงู„ู€ classes of lymphocytes ุทุจุนู‹ุง ููŠ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:13:53,270 --> 00:13:55,450
587
+ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ lymphocyte ููŠ ุฃู†ู‡ุง B
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:13:55,450 --> 00:14:00,530
591
+ lymphocyte ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ is to fight against
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:14:00,530 --> 00:14:07,730
595
+ micro ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ external micro ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ antigen
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:14:07,730 --> 00:14:11,230
599
+ ูˆ antimode reaction ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ neutralization ูˆ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:14:11,230 --> 00:14:17,590
603
+ phagocyte ูˆ ูƒุฐุง ุงู„ู€ T cell ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง T helper cell
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:14:17,590 --> 00:14:21,590
607
+ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง is to release the cytokine ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู„ู€
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:14:21,590 --> 00:14:27,620
611
+ antigen ูˆู‡ูŠ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูˆุฒุน ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:14:27,620 --> 00:14:32,100
615
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ุดุฑ ุจูŠู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ุดุฑ T-cell T
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:14:32,100 --> 00:14:36,720
619
+ -cytotoxic cell ุงู„ู€ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:14:36,720 --> 00:14:39,600
623
+ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจุฉ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:14:39,600 --> 00:14:47,220
627
+ ุจุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ by direct killing ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ T-ring ุฃูˆ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:14:47,220 --> 00:14:51,280
631
+ regulatory T-lymphocytes ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ control of the
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:14:51,280 --> 00:14:53,580
635
+ immune response by suppression of the immune
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:14:53,580 --> 00:14:59,110
639
+ response ูˆููŠู‡ุง ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ NK cell ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนู‹ุง
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:14:59,110 --> 00:15:04,350
643
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุฃู† ุชุนู…ู„ ู‚ุชู„ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจุฉ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:15:04,350 --> 00:15:10,050
647
+ ุจุงู„ู€ myocardite ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ info site classes ู…ู† ู…ุฑุฌุน
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:15:10,050 --> 00:15:16,150
651
+ ุขุฎุฑ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒู… ููŠ two proteins ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:15:16,150 --> 00:15:19,390
655
+ antigen presenting cell ูˆูƒู„ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:15:19,390 --> 00:15:23,410
659
+ antigen presenting cell ุณู…ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุฉ ุฏุง major
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:15:23,410 --> 00:15:26,070
663
+ histocompatibility complex ูˆููŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:15:26,070 --> 00:15:29,930
667
+ ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู† class 1 ูˆ class 2 ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู…ู†
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:15:29,930 --> 00:15:32,850
671
+ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ class ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ one
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:15:32,850 --> 00:15:37,850
675
+ binding site ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ class ุงุซู†ูŠู† ููŠ two chain ุฃูˆ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:15:37,850 --> 00:15:40,270
679
+ polyp ุงุจุชุนุงุฏ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:15:47,140 --> 00:15:53,180
683
+ ุงู„ู€ Hemoral ุชุชู…ุซู„ ุจุงู„ู€ B lymphocyte function ูˆูƒู„ู†ุง
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:15:53,180 --> 00:15:55,680
687
+ ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ B lymphocyte ุจุชุทู„ุน ู„ู†ุง antibody ูุงู„ู€
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:15:55,680 --> 00:15:59,860
691
+ antibody ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ hemoral part of immunity
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:15:59,860 --> 00:16:03,080
695
+ ุฃูˆ acquired immunity ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ cell-mediated
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:16:03,080 --> 00:16:06,620
699
+ immunity ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ ู…ู† Cellular ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:16:06,620 --> 00:16:09,680
703
+ Cellular Cell-mediated ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุฏูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ูˆู…
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:16:09,680 --> 00:16:13,660
707
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ T-Lymphocyte ู…ุด ุงู„ู€ B ูˆ ุงู„ู€ T ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:16:13,660 --> 00:16:16,500
711
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ T-Lymphocyte ููŠ T
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:16:16,500 --> 00:16:19,880
715
+ -Helpercell ููŠ T-Cytotoxic cell T-Helpercell ู‡ูŠ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:16:19,880 --> 00:16:26,080
719
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ุดุท ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง T-Cytotoxic ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆู‡ูŠ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:16:26,080 --> 00:16:29,820
723
+ ุงู„ู€ lymphocyte ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน ููŠ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:16:29,820 --> 00:16:36,200
727
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูƒู„ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง receptor
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:16:36,200 --> 00:16:40,860
731
+ specific only for one antigen ุนุดุงู† ูŠูƒ ูƒู„ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:16:40,860 --> 00:16:45,220
735
+ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ specific specificity ุฃูˆ specific for the
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:16:45,220 --> 00:16:50,860
739
+ antigen ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู„ู‚ ุงุญู†ุง ุณู…ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุงู‚ู†ุงุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:16:50,860 --> 00:16:53,240
743
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฃุฏุงุก acquired immunity ุฃูˆ adaptive
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:16:53,240 --> 00:16:58,640
747
+ immunity ูˆู‡ูŠ specific immunity ุจุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงู„ู€ lymphocyte
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:16:58,640 --> 00:17:03,850
751
+ ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ lymphocyte ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ูˆู‡ูŠ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:17:03,850 --> 00:17:08,730
755
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† B ูˆ T ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ B ุจุชุถู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:17:08,730 --> 00:17:12,530
759
+ ูˆุฏู‡ ูŠูˆู… ุจุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ู…ู† .. ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ูŠุนู†ูŠ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:17:12,530 --> 00:17:16,410
763
+ ุจุชู†ุถุฌ ุจุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ immature form ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ mature
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:17:16,410 --> 00:17:21,170
767
+ form ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ู€ blood circulation ูˆุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:17:21,170 --> 00:17:24,810
771
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ secondary lymphoid organs ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ T
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:17:24,810 --> 00:17:28,270
775
+ lymphocyte ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุจูƒุฑุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ thymus ูˆ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:17:28,270 --> 00:17:32,290
779
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุชู†ุถุฌ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ู€ circulation ูˆุจุฑุถู‡
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:17:32,290 --> 00:17:35,290
783
+ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ secondary lymphoid organs ู„ุฃู†ู‡
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:17:35,290 --> 00:17:38,790
787
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุจุชุชู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ secondary lymphoid
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:17:38,790 --> 00:17:43,690
791
+ organ ูุฏู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ B-
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:17:43,690 --> 00:17:48,570
795
+ lymphocytes ุฃูŠ ู…ู† stem cell ู„ู€ pro-B ุซู… pre-B ุซู…
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:17:48,570 --> 00:17:54,650
799
+ ุฅู„ู‰ mature ูˆ mature ูˆุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:17:54,650 --> 00:17:58,090
803
+ bone marrow ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ primary ุงู„ู€ lymphoid organs
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:17:58,090 --> 00:18:04,110
807
+ ูˆุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ maturation ู„ู„ู€ ุจูŠู‡ ุจูŠุชู… ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:18:04,110 --> 00:18:08,010
811
+ peripheral blood circulation ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุชุชู…ุดูŠ ุชู„ุจูŠ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:18:08,010 --> 00:18:12,170
815
+ ุงู„ู€ lymphocyte ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ plasmacy Clonal
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:18:12,170 --> 00:18:16,950
819
+ selection theory ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:18:16,950 --> 00:18:19,650
823
+ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ stems ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู… ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูƒู„ู‡ุง
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:18:22,370 --> 00:18:27,430
827
+ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู†ุฏูˆุฌ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฃูˆู„ ุฒูŠ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:18:27,430 --> 00:18:30,090
831
+ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:18:30,090 --> 00:18:33,710
835
+ ุนู† uncommented cell ุซู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:18:33,710 --> 00:18:38,950
839
+ marrow ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ thymus ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ removal
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:18:38,950 --> 00:18:45,230
843
+ ู„ู„ู€ self reacted cell ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุซู… ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:18:45,230 --> 00:18:49,750
847
+ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฌุงู‡ุฒุฉ ู„ุง ุชุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ self-antigen ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:18:49,750 --> 00:18:53,810
851
+ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชู…ูŠุฒ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ self ูˆ ุงู„ู€ non-self
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:18:53,810 --> 00:18:57,370
855
+ antigen ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง receptor
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:18:57,370 --> 00:19:03,940
859
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง clone of
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:19:03,940 --> 00:19:10,240
863
+ selection theory ุฅู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:19:10,240 --> 00:19:14,820
867
+ clone of cell of the same cell ู…ุงุดูŠ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:19:14,820 --> 00:19:20,020
871
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ B cell ูˆ T cell sorry ูˆ ุงู„ู€ B
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:19:20,020 --> 00:19:23,140
875
+ cell ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ receptor ูˆููŠู‡ุง ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ millions of
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:19:23,140 --> 00:19:27,560
879
+ B lymphocyte ูˆ ูˆ ูˆ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ T cell ู‡ุชุฏูŠู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนู„ู‰
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:19:27,560 --> 00:19:33,480
883
+ ุณุทุญู‡ุง receptor ูˆุนู†ุง billions of different TCR ุฃูˆ T
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:19:33,480 --> 00:19:40,620
887
+ cell receptor ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง diversity of cells
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:19:40,620 --> 00:19:45,040
891
+ Anatomy of lymphocyte activation ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ B
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:19:45,040 --> 00:19:48,760
895
+ lymphocyte ูˆ T lymphocyte ุทู„ุนูˆุง ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ุทู„ุนูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:19:48,760 --> 00:19:50,920
899
+ bone marrow ูˆ ุงู„ู€ thymus ู‡ูŠ bone marrow ูˆ ุงู„ู€ thymus
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:19:50,920 --> 00:19:54,390
903
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฑุงุญูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ blood circulation ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:19:54,390 --> 00:19:57,290
907
+ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ secondary lymphoid organs ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:19:57,290 --> 00:20:00,930
911
+ ุทุจุนู‹ุง
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:20:00,930 --> 00:20:03,550
915
+ ุงู„ู€ secondary lymphoid organs ุฅุฐุง ูˆุงุฌู‡ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ antigen
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:20:03,550 --> 00:20:08,310
919
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูƒุฉ immune response ู…ุง ูˆุงุฌู‡ูˆุด antigen they
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:20:08,310 --> 00:20:11,630
923
+ will die ุทุจ ูƒูŠู ุจูŠุฎุดูˆุง ุงู„ู€ antigen ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุจูŠุฎุดูˆุง ุงู„ู€
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:20:11,630 --> 00:20:16,570
927
+ antigen ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนุฏุฉ ุทุฑู‚ ุฃู‡ู…ู‡ุง through the blood ู…ุงุดูŠ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:20:16,570 --> 00:20:19,610
931
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ blood ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ spleen ูˆ ุงู„ู€ spleen ู‡ุฐุง
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:20:19,610 --> 00:20:23,610
935
+ ูˆ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ secondary lymphoid organs ุฃูˆ through the
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:20:23,610 --> 00:20:28,210
939
+ lymph duct ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ lymph ูˆู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฎุด ุนู„ู‰
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:20:28,210 --> 00:20:32,330
943
+ ุงู„ู€ lymph nodes ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ immune
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:20:32,330 --> 00:20:36,510
947
+ response ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจู‚ู‰ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑ ุฅู†ู‡
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:20:36,510 --> 00:20:39,970
951
+ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู„ูŠ Factor T lymphocyte immune competent
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:20:39,970 --> 00:20:46,810
955
+ lymphocytes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงูƒุชู ูˆู…ู…ุงุฑุณ ุงูƒุชู cell ูˆู…ู…ุงุฑุณ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:20:46,810 --> 00:20:55,070
959
+ cell ุงุฏุงุก ุงู„ู€ function of T lymphocyte substance ุทุจุนู‹ุง
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:20:55,070 --> 00:21:01,590
963
+ ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุฑูŠู„ูŠุฒ cytokine ูˆุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:21:01,590 --> 00:21:05,230
967
+ ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ lymphocyte
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:21:05,230 --> 00:21:14,830
971
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ู€ B lymphocytes ูˆ ู†ู…ุฑ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู†
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:21:14,830 --> 00:21:15,430
975
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงุณู…ู‡
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:21:19,780 --> 00:21:26,020
979
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุทู„ุน cytokine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุดุท ู„ู€ macrophage ูŠุจู‚ู‰
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:21:26,020 --> 00:21:29,380
983
+ ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุดุชุทุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ lymphocyte ุทู„ุนุช ู„ูŠ antibody ุซุงู†ูŠ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:21:29,380 --> 00:21:33,580
987
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุทู„ุนุช ู„ูŠ cytokine ุนู…ู„ุช ุชู†ุดูŠุท ู„ู€ macrophage
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:21:33,580 --> 00:21:36,480
991
+ ูˆ macrophage ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง delayed type
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:21:36,480 --> 00:21:44,300
995
+ hypersensitivity ู†ุงุดูŠ ุฅูŠุด
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:21:44,300 --> 00:21:50,660
999
+ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ Cytotoxic effect ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ by reactivation
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:21:50,660 --> 00:21:54,880
1003
+ of CD8 T-cytotoxic lymphocyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:21:54,880 --> 00:21:59,420
1007
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆ 4 Regulatory T cells ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:21:59,420 --> 00:22:02,480
1011
+ ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง different
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:22:02,480 --> 00:22:06,120
1015
+ functional subset of T cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:22:06,120 --> 00:22:08,680
1019
+ regulation ู„ู„ immune response ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:22:08,680 --> 00:22:11,480
1023
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฒูŠ T helper ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุชู†ุงุดุฑุฉ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:22:15,650 --> 00:22:19,070
1027
+ ูˆุจุชุนู…ู„ suppression ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู†
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:22:19,070 --> 00:22:22,570
1031
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู†ูˆุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ T cell ุฃูˆ T helper cells
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:22:22,570 --> 00:22:26,890
1035
+ ู†ุงุดุฆุฉ ููŠ ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู„ุช ุฃูˆ Treg ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:22:26,890 --> 00:22:31,770
1039
+ ุนู† suppressor T lymphocytes ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ CD4 ู„ูƒู†
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:22:31,770 --> 00:22:37,650
1043
+ ุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ CD25 ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:22:40,850 --> 00:22:43,610
1047
+ ุงู„ู€ cytokine effect ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ cytokine ุจู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุซูŠุฑ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:22:43,610 --> 00:22:47,490
1051
+ ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชู†ุดูŠุท ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆ ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุนุดุงู† ุชู†ุดุท
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:22:47,490 --> 00:22:51,870
1055
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู„ุงุฒู… ุชู…ุฑ ุจู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุญุชุงุฌ ู„ two signals ูˆ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:51,870 --> 00:22:55,610
1059
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ two signals ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ cytokine ุฃูˆู„ signal
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:55,610 --> 00:22:59,030
1063
+ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงุฑุชุจุงุท TCR ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ signal
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:59,030 --> 00:23:03,130
1067
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ cytokine ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:23:03,130 --> 00:23:06,850
1071
+ co-stimulatory reaction ูˆุงู„ co-stimulation ุจูŠุชู…ุซู„
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:23:06,850 --> 00:23:12,530
1075
+ ุจุงุฑุชุจุงุท CD40 ู…ุน CD86 ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ IL-1 ูˆ IL-4 ูˆ IL-6
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:23:12,530 --> 00:23:16,690
1079
+ ู…ุชู‰ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชู†ุดูŠุท
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:23:16,690 --> 00:23:20,330
1083
+ ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ release of certain
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:23:20,330 --> 00:23:24,270
1087
+ cytokine sorry ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ activation of certain
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:23:24,270 --> 00:23:29,130
1091
+ cell ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุดุทุฉ generation of diversity in
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:23:29,130 --> 00:23:36,060
1095
+ the immune response ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู†
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:23:36,060 --> 00:23:40,960
1099
+ ุงู„ diversity ุฌูŠู†ุงุช
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:23:40,960 --> 00:23:46,900
1103
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง B lymphocyte ูˆูƒู„
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:46,900 --> 00:23:55,000
1107
+ B lymphocyte ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง 10 ู‚ูˆุฉ 7 ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ู…ู†
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:55,000 --> 00:23:56,940
1111
+ ุงู„ .. ู…ู† ุงู„ receptors
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:59,940 --> 00:24:04,360
1115
+ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ู…ู‡ูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ B-Lymphocyte ูˆุนุฏุฏ ู…ู‡ูˆู„
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:24:04,360 --> 00:24:07,220
1119
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ T-Lymphocyte ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… specific
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:24:07,220 --> 00:24:11,980
1123
+ only for one antigen ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ TCR ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ูˆ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:24:11,980 --> 00:24:16,980
1127
+ TCR ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ู… ุจูŠุฎุชู„ููˆู† ูƒู„ ู…ู†ู‡ู… specific for only
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:24:16,980 --> 00:24:20,780
1131
+ one antigen ุทูŠุจุŒ ุจู…ุง ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:24:20,780 --> 00:24:25,840
1135
+ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูˆ ุจู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ููŠ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:24:25,840 --> 00:24:29,540
1139
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู‡ูˆู„ ุฌุฏุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุฅุฐุง ุนุฑูู†ุง ุฅู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:24:29,540 --> 00:24:34,000
1143
+ B-Lymphocyte ู…ู† ู‚ูˆุงุตุฉ ู„ู€ 10 ู„ู‚ูˆุฉ 7 ูˆ 10 ูˆ T
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:24:34,000 --> 00:24:38,500
1147
+ -Lymphocyte ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู†ู†ุชุธุฑ at least 10 ู„ู„ู‚ูˆุฉ 7 ุฌูŠู†
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:38,500 --> 00:24:41,920
1151
+ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู† ุชุตู†ูŠุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุด ู‡ุฐุง
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:41,920 --> 00:24:45,040
1155
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŒ ุทุจ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:45,040 --> 00:24:49,140
1159
+ Recombination between genesุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู†ุง
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:49,140 --> 00:24:52,660
1163
+ modest amount of DNAุŒ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ DNAุŒ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:52,660 --> 00:24:58,050
1167
+ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ู…ุน ุจุนุถุŒ ูˆู…ุชุนุงูˆู†ุฉ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุนุดุงู† ุชูƒูˆู†
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:58,050 --> 00:25:04,990
1171
+ ู„ูŠู‡ different types of PCR ูˆ TCR benefit of
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:25:04,990 --> 00:25:09,550
1175
+ immunology ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุงุณุชูุฏู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ vaccination
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:25:09,550 --> 00:25:14,110
1179
+ programs ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู„ูŠูˆ ูˆ small pox ูˆ ุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ูˆ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:25:14,110 --> 00:25:18,970
1183
+ transplantation ุซู… detection of and management of
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:25:18,970 --> 00:25:23,740
1187
+ cancer tumor immunology the prevention and recovery
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:23,740 --> 00:25:30,660
1191
+ from infectious diseases ุทุจุนุง ุฅู† ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ inflammatory
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:25:30,660 --> 00:25:36,840
1195
+ response usually protects the host recent advances
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:25:36,840 --> 00:25:40,260
1199
+ hold the promise of immunoprophylaxis against
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:40,260 --> 00:25:45,980
1203
+ malaria and other ู†ุฎู„ุต ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง vaccination of
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:45,980 --> 00:25:53,380
1207
+ domestic animals ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†ุด ู…ุตุฏุฑ ู„ู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ ุซู… long
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:53,380 --> 00:25:57,620
1211
+ term contraception by vaccination ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:57,620 --> 00:26:03,080
1215
+ ุชุนู‚ูŠู… ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ certain vaccines ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:26:03,080 --> 00:26:07,280
1219
+ suppression for certain reproductive processes
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:26:07,280 --> 00:26:15,320
1223
+ future early future ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠููƒุฑูˆุง ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุฏุฑุณูˆุง
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:26:15,320 --> 00:26:20,180
1227
+ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ pathogen specific proteins ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ DNA
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:26:20,180 --> 00:26:24,840
1231
+ sequencing ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ bioinformatics
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:26:24,840 --> 00:26:30,280
1235
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุญุฏุฏูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ immunogenic peptides ูˆ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:26:30,280 --> 00:26:37,180
1239
+ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง ูƒ vaccine DNA vaccine by injection of
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:26:37,180 --> 00:26:44,340
1243
+ DNA vector that encode immunization ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:26:44,340 --> 00:26:49,830
1247
+ ุชุตู…ูŠู… certain cytokines ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฅู…ุง ุชุญูุธู‡ ุฅู…ุง ุชุญุจุท
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:26:49,830 --> 00:26:57,910
1251
+ ุซู… ุงูŠุถุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ knockout process ุฃูˆ knockout
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:26:57,910 --> 00:27:02,670
1255
+ cells ุฃูˆ knockout animals ุนุดุงู† ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:27:02,670 --> 00:27:11,150
1259
+ certain traits ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูˆ ุบุงุฆุจ ููŠ animal ูˆ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:27:11,150 --> 00:27:14,830
1263
+ ุฃู„ู ุดูƒุฑูŠุงุช ู„ูƒู… ูˆุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ
PL9fwy3NUQKwYQ8nzyth9nyErvTJtUFKlo/zGPx39SDnxE_raw.json ADDED
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PL9fwy3NUQKwZKOpj354PRgwYPWWgxchnI/0riEDI3L2MA_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1620 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,240 --> 00:00:27,440
3
+ ู„ุงุฒู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุดุจุชุฑ ุณุชุฉ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ isomorphism ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:27,440 --> 00:00:33,520
7
+ ูุงุชุช ุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู„ atomorphism ูˆุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:33,520 --> 00:00:37,880
11
+ isomorphism ู„ูƒู† ู…ู† ุงู„ group ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ group
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:37,880 --> 00:00:43,720
15
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ atomorphismุนุฑูู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€ Inner
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:43,720 --> 00:00:48,560
19
+ Atomorphism induced by an element of A group G
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:48,560 --> 00:00:55,940
23
+ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Phi A of X ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ A X A inverse ูˆุณู…ูŠู†ุง
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:55,940 --> 00:01:02,640
27
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Inner Atomorphism ู…ู† G ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฌู…ุนู†ุง ูƒู„
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:01:02,640 --> 00:01:08,570
31
+ ุงู„ู€ Atomorphism ููŠ G ูˆุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ู… ุงู„ุณุชAtomorphism ู„ู€ G
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:08,570 --> 00:01:14,310
35
+ ุฌู…ุนู†ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ inner atomorphism ูˆุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ู… ุงู„ inner
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:14,310 --> 00:01:18,750
39
+ atomorphism of G ูŠูุฌุฑ ุงู„ุฑู…ุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู… ุงู„
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:18,750 --> 00:01:24,110
43
+ atomorphism ู„ G ูƒู„ ุงู„ atomorphism ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:24,110 --> 00:01:28,910
47
+ ุงู„ group G ุงู„ inner atomorphism ู„ G ูƒู„ ุงู„ inner
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:28,910 --> 00:01:34,490
51
+ atomorphism of group G ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูˆ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:34,490 --> 00:01:38,210
55
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฌูŠ ุฌุฑูˆุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุงุทู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… ูˆุงู„ inner
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:38,210 --> 00:01:45,270
59
+ -automorphism ู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุฌูŠ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฌุฑูˆุจ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:45,770 --> 00:01:49,370
63
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃุซุจุช ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ุฃุซุจุช ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:49,370 --> 00:01:53,170
67
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุทุจุน ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุชุฑูƒู„ู‡ .. ุชุฑูƒู‡ ู…ู„ูƒู‡ as an
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:53,170 --> 00:01:57,170
71
+ exercise ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุทู‡ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู†
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:57,170 --> 00:02:02,190
75
+ ุชุจุนุช ู…ูŠู… ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุงุชุญู„ู‡ ูƒ exercise
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:02,190 --> 00:02:07,070
79
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุจุฑู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจุฑู‡ุงู† ุนุงุฏูŠูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:07,070 --> 00:02:11,590
83
+ ุฃุซุจุช ู„ู‡ ุงู† ุงู„ุงุชูˆ ู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… is a group ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:11,590 --> 00:02:16,150
87
+ ุงู† ุงู„ binary operation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุชูˆ ู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:16,150 --> 00:02:20,150
91
+ ุฌูŠู‡ is a binary operation associative ุงู„ identity
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:20,150 --> 00:02:25,050
95
+ element ุงู„ inverse element ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:25,050 --> 00:02:31,510
99
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ letูุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆูุงูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:31,510 --> 00:02:39,110
103
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:39,110 --> 00:02:44,530
107
+ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุฏุงู… ุงุชู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู„ ู…ู† ูุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆูุงูŠ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:44,530 --> 00:02:53,530
111
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† is one to one and unto ูŠุจู‚ู‰ then ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆูุงูŠ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:53,530 --> 00:03:01,210
115
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† is one to one and untoู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ู…ุจุงุฏุฆ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:03:01,210 --> 00:03:06,910
119
+ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช ุงู† ุงู„ composition ููŠู…ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุง ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:06,910 --> 00:03:14,510
123
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† is one to one and one to ูƒุฐู„ูƒู…ู† ู…ุจุงุฏุฆ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:14,510 --> 00:03:18,330
127
+ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ two functions ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ู…
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:18,330 --> 00:03:21,730
131
+ one to one and unto ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ composition ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:21,730 --> 00:03:26,450
135
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง one to one and unto function ุจุฏู‰ ุฃุดูˆู
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:26,450 --> 00:03:31,110
139
+ ู‡ุงู„ู‡ุฏู‰ ุจุชุฎุฏู… ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ isomorphism ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุฅู† ุฎุฏู…ุช
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:31,110 --> 00:03:36,000
143
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุฏู‰ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชู…ูˆููŠุฒู…
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:44,810 --> 00:03:53,910
147
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ููŠ ูˆุงู† ู„ููŠ ุชูˆู XY ู„ูŠุด
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:53,910 --> 00:03:57,970
151
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ composition of functions ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:57,970 --> 00:04:05,810
155
+ ููŠ calculus A ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู…ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:04:05,810 --> 00:04:11,070
159
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู†ุง ูุฑุถู‡ ุงุชูˆ ู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… ู„ุฌูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠุฒูˆ ู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… ุงุฐุง
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:04:11,070 --> 00:04:15,110
163
+ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ X ูˆ Y ูŠุจุฏูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠ ููŠ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:15,110 --> 00:04:23,790
167
+ ุชูˆ of X ููŠ ููŠ ุชูˆ of Y ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุชูˆ of X ููŠ ููŠ ุชูˆ of
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:23,790 --> 00:04:33,230
171
+ Y ู„ูŠุดุŸ since ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ ููŠ ุชูˆ is isomorphismุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:33,230 --> 00:04:42,890
175
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูุงูŠ ูˆุงู† ู„ูุงูŠ two of x ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ูุงูŠ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:42,890 --> 00:04:51,370
179
+ ูˆุงู† ู„ูุงูŠ two of y ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู†ุธุฑุง ู„ุฅู† ูุงูŠ ูˆุงู† is
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:51,370 --> 00:04:57,510
183
+ an isomorphism ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… since ูุงูŠ ูˆุงู† is an
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:57,510 --> 00:05:01,930
187
+ isomorphismุทูŠุจ ุจุฏุง ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ composition of
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:05:01,930 --> 00:05:06,930
191
+ functions ุจุฏู‡ ุฑุฌุนู‡ู… ุงู„ู‰ ุฃุตู„ู‡ู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ููŠ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:05:06,930 --> 00:05:12,890
195
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูƒู„ู‡ as a function of x ูˆ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:05:12,890 --> 00:05:19,290
199
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† as a function of y ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃุตุจุญ ููŠ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:05:19,290 --> 00:05:23,950
203
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† is an isomorphism ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:23,950 --> 00:05:30,380
207
+ ุงุชูˆู…ูˆุฑูุฒู…ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ atomorphism ู„ G is closed under
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:30,380 --> 00:05:34,500
211
+ the composition of functions ุฃูˆ ุงู„ composition of
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:34,500 --> 00:05:38,940
215
+ functions is a binary operation ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ G
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:38,940 --> 00:05:45,220
219
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ atomorphism
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:45,220 --> 00:05:54,740
223
+ atomorphism ู„ G is closed under the
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:59,540 --> 00:06:06,340
227
+ composition of functions ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:06:06,340 --> 00:06:09,300
231
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ so the composition of a function
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:06:09,300 --> 00:06:14,700
235
+ is a binary operation ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุชูˆู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… ู„ู…ูŠู†
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:06:14,700 --> 00:06:20,300
239
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:06:20,300 --> 00:06:25,210
243
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฅู† ุงู„ operation is a binary operationุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:06:25,210 --> 00:06:30,030
247
+ ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠู†ุฌูˆ ุณูŠู† ุญุทู‡ุง binary operation ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู…ุดุงู†
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:06:30,030 --> 00:06:34,390
251
+ ุชุชุฃูƒุฏ ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ููŠ ุฅุซุจุงุช ุงู„
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:34,390 --> 00:06:40,690
255
+ group ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ associativity we know
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:40,690 --> 00:06:50,950
259
+ that ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู† that the composition of
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:50,950 --> 00:06:52,870
263
+ functions
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:54,160 --> 00:06:59,880
267
+ is associative ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠุด ุฏุงุนูŠ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู„ุฅู†ู†ุง
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:59,880 --> 00:07:05,000
271
+ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุชุญู‚ู‚ุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:07:05,000 --> 00:07:10,660
275
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ identity element ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ I
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:07:10,660 --> 00:07:20,440
279
+ ู…ู† G ุฅู„ู‰ G ู‡ุฐู‡ is the identity function
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:07:21,740 --> 00:07:24,580
283
+ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุณุฃู„ูƒู… ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุงู„ุน ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฏุชู… ู…ุจุงุฏุฆ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:07:24,580 --> 00:07:27,460
287
+ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ identity function one to one and unto
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:07:27,460 --> 00:07:34,460
291
+ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ identity function which
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:07:34,460 --> 00:07:44,920
295
+ is one to one and unto ู…ุด ุนุฌุจุง ู‡ูƒุฐุง and ุงู„ I ู„ูˆ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:44,920 --> 00:07:50,000
299
+ ุฃุซุฑุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ X ููŠ YุŒ ุฃูŠุด ุจุชุนุทูŠู‡ ู„ูƒุŸุงู„ู€ X ููŠ Y ู„ุฃู†
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:50,000 --> 00:07:56,920
303
+ ุงู„ู€ Identity function ุงู„ู€ X ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูŠุณุช I of X ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ I
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:56,920 --> 00:08:02,520
307
+ of Yุฅุฐุง ุญู‚ู‚ุช ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ isomorphism ุตุงุฑ one
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:08:02,520 --> 00:08:08,260
311
+ to one and unto ูˆ ุญู‚ู‚ ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ group ู„ู†ูุณู‡ุง
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:08:08,260 --> 00:08:15,880
315
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ I ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ atomorphism ุงู„ุฌูŠุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:08:15,880 --> 00:08:21,440
319
+ ุฃุตุจุญุช ุงู„ I ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† atomorphism ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ identity
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:08:21,440 --> 00:08:26,600
323
+ element ูŠุจู‚ู‰ is the identity
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:08:35,120 --> 00:08:42,320
327
+ Element of ุงู„ุงุชู…ูˆุฑูุฒู…
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:08:42,320 --> 00:08:49,620
331
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูŠู‡ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุดูƒ ุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ identity ู…ุน ุงุชู…ูˆุฑูุฒู…
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:08:49,620 --> 00:08:52,740
335
+ ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆ ุชุนู…ู„ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… composites ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ู…ุงู„ูˆุด ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:08:52,740 --> 00:08:58,900
339
+ ู…ุงููŠุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุทุจ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณุŒ ุงู„ุงู†
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:08:58,900 --> 00:09:09,160
343
+ ุงู ููŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ atom ูˆุงุฑูุฒู… ู„ุฌูŠุจุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู†
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:09:09,160 --> 00:09:13,300
347
+ ุงู„ู€Phi Inverse ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Atomorphism ุฅุฐุง ุฃุซุจุชุช ุฃู†
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:09:13,300 --> 00:09:16,780
351
+ ุงู„ู€Phi Inverse ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Atomorphism ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุซุงุฑุฉ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:09:16,780 --> 00:09:21,860
355
+ ุงู„ู€Atomorphism is a group ูˆุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:09:21,860 --> 00:09:27,060
359
+ ูƒุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุง ุฃุดุชุบู„ู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุงุจุชุฑ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:09:27,060 --> 00:09:34,080
363
+ ุดุงุจุชุฑ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุดุงุจุชุฑ ุงู„ู€group ูŠุจู‚ู‰ then Phi is
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:09:34,080 --> 00:09:40,910
367
+ one to one and untoู…ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ุงุฏุงู… ููŠ one to
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:09:40,910 --> 00:09:47,350
371
+ one and one to one ูŠุจุฌู‰ ู…ุนุงูƒุณู‡ as one to one and
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:09:47,350 --> 00:09:53,650
375
+ one to ูƒุฐู„ูƒ functionูŠุจู‚ู‰ one to one and onto
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:09:53,650 --> 00:09:58,590
379
+ function ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† one to
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:09:58,590 --> 00:10:03,510
383
+ one and onto function ุถุงูŠู„ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุถุงูŠู„ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:10:03,510 --> 00:10:07,670
387
+ ู†ุซุจุช ุงู† ููŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ is an isomorphism ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:10:07,670 --> 00:10:11,250
391
+ of x y ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ of x ูˆููŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ of y ุงุธู†
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:10:11,250 --> 00:10:16,590
395
+ ุงุซุจุชู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุน ู†ู‚ุงุท
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:10:16,590 --> 00:10:20,810
399
+ ุงุซุจุชู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠู‡ู… ุทูŠุจ ูˆ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:10:23,400 --> 00:10:31,860
403
+ Prove that ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฑู‡ู†ู†ุง ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู† ููŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ of x y
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:10:31,860 --> 00:10:40,780
407
+ ูŠุณูˆู‰ ููŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ of x ููŠ ููŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ of y ุจุฑู‡ู†ู‡ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุง
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:10:40,780 --> 00:10:47,440
411
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตุงุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ exist ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุญู‚ู‚ุช ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:10:47,440 --> 00:10:52,570
415
+ ุงู„ isomorphism ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ atomorphismู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:10:52,570 --> 00:10:59,690
419
+ ุงู† ููŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชู…ูˆููŠุฒู… ู„ู…ุงู… ุงู„ุงุฌูŠู‡ ุตุงุฑ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:10:59,690 --> 00:11:03,510
423
+ ุงู„ุงุชู…ูˆููŠุฒู… ุงู„ุงุฌูŠู‡ closed under the operation
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:11:03,510 --> 00:11:08,850
427
+ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ associative ุงู„ identity element ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:11:08,850 --> 00:11:15,170
431
+ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ู„ุฃูŠ element ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชู…ูˆููŠุฒู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:11:15,170 --> 00:11:23,170
435
+ ุงู„ุงุชู…ูˆููŠุฒู… ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง is a groupูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ atomorphism ู„ุฏูŠ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:11:23,170 --> 00:11:34,990
439
+ is a group under the composition of
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:11:34,990 --> 00:11:36,790
443
+ functions
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:11:38,510 --> 00:11:44,830
447
+ ุทูŠุจ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู†ุฌู„ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ inner
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:11:44,830 --> 00:11:50,910
451
+ atom morphism ู„ G the set of all elements Phi A
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:11:50,910 --> 00:11:58,610
455
+ such that ุงู„ Phi A of X ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ A X A inverse
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:11:58,610 --> 00:12:05,960
459
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ X ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ Gู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุง
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:12:05,960 --> 00:12:09,380
463
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุชุช ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุฏู‡ุŒ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุงูˆู„
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:12:09,380 --> 00:12:14,840
467
+ ุฃุซุจุช ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ is a group ุทุจ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุณุฃู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:12:14,840 --> 00:12:19,960
471
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŒ ู„ูˆ ู‚ุฏุฑุช ุฃุซุจุช ุฅู† ุงู„ inner atomorphism ุงู„ู„ูŠ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:12:19,960 --> 00:12:25,000
475
+ ุฌูŠ subgroup ู…ู† ุงู„ atomorphism ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูŠ ู…ุด ุงู„ inner
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:12:25,000 --> 00:12:32,000
479
+ ุจุตูŠุฑ groupู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ subgroup ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ู…ู†
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:12:32,000 --> 00:12:36,560
483
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ ุจุณ ุชุญุช ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง ู„ูˆ ู‚ุฏุฑุช
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:12:36,560 --> 00:12:41,540
487
+ ุฃุซุจุช ุฅู† ุงู„ inner atomorphisms ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูŠู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:12:41,540 --> 00:12:45,580
491
+ subgroup ู…ู† ุงู„ atomorphism ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูŠู‡ ุจุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ group
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:12:45,580 --> 00:12:52,360
495
+ ูˆู†ูƒูˆู† ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู†ุซุจุชู‡ุง
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:12:52,760 --> 00:13:00,500
499
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุซุจุช ุงู† ุงู„ inner ู‡ุฐู‡ is a group ู…ุดุงู† ุฃุซุจุชู‡ุง
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:13:00,500 --> 00:13:04,440
503
+ group ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุซุจุชู‡ุง sub group ู…ู† ุงู„ atom morphism ู„ G
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:13:04,440 --> 00:13:14,920
507
+ ุงู„ inner atom morphism ู„ G is non empty non empty
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:13:14,920 --> 00:13:16,280
511
+ ู„ูŠุดุŸ because
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:13:19,280 --> 00:13:27,680
515
+ ุงู„ู€ Phi E ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Inner Atomorphism ู„ุฌูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:13:27,680 --> 00:13:36,440
519
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ identity element because and ุงู„ Phi E is
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:13:36,440 --> 00:13:47,260
523
+ the identity element element andุงู„ู€ Inner
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:13:47,260 --> 00:13:49,740
527
+ Atomorphism ู„ู€ G
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:14:01,130 --> 00:14:05,330
531
+ ุงู†ุง ุจุชุฏุนูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ identity element ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏู‰ ุจูŠู† ุงู†
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:14:05,330 --> 00:14:10,470
535
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ identity element ุชุจุน ุงู„ atomorphism ูŠุจู‚ู‰
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:14:10,470 --> 00:14:17,110
539
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‰ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู† ุงู„ phi E of X ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ X ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:14:17,110 --> 00:14:22,410
543
+ ุดุฑูŠูƒ ุงู„ X ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช ููŠ ุงู„ identity element ุชุชุบูŠุฑ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:14:22,410 --> 00:14:30,360
547
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ E X ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ุบู„ุทุŸู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:14:30,360 --> 00:14:34,440
551
+ ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒ ูƒู…ุงู† ุถุฑุจุช ููŠ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„ identity element ู…ูŠู†
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:14:34,440 --> 00:14:39,600
555
+ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„ identity element ุงู„ identity element ู†ูุณู‡
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:14:39,600 --> 00:14:47,140
559
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุณุนุฑ ุงู„ ููŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุฏู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ inner atom
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:14:47,140 --> 00:14:51,880
563
+ morphism ู„ G ูˆู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ inner atom morphism ู„ G is
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:14:51,880 --> 00:14:59,450
567
+ non emptyุทุจ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏุฃ ุงุฎุฏ two elements ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุช
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:14:59,450 --> 00:15:05,190
571
+ ููŠ ุงู„ inner ูˆ ุงุซุจุช ุงู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ููŠ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:15:05,190 --> 00:15:13,910
575
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„ู‡ let code ู„ูุงูŠ a ูˆูุงูŠ ุจูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุช
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:15:13,910 --> 00:15:18,750
579
+ ููŠ ุงู„ inner atomorphism ู„ุฌูŠู‡ then
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:15:20,330 --> 00:15:28,470
583
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฎุฏ ูุงูŠ ุง ูุงูŠ ุจูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ ูƒู„ู‡ as a function of x
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:15:28,470 --> 00:15:34,330
587
+ ูˆุดูˆู ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ inner ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงุฎุฑ ู‡ู„
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:15:34,330 --> 00:15:40,430
591
+ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงูƒุชุจ ุญุตู„ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ inner atomorphism
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:15:40,430 --> 00:15:47,060
595
+ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุด ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุณู†ุฌูŠุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:15:47,060 --> 00:15:52,820
599
+ as a
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:15:52,820 --> 00:15:58,700
603
+ function of x ุทุจุนุง ุจุฑู‡ู…ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุณุงุจู‚ุง ูู‰
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:15:58,700 --> 00:16:03,440
607
+ ู†ุธุฑูŠุงุช ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุจูŠุงู†ู†ุง ุงู† ูุงูŠ ุงูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฑุณ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:16:03,440 --> 00:16:08,720
611
+ ุจู†ุฒู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ element ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุงูŠ ู†ุฒู„ู†ุง ุงู„
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:16:08,720 --> 00:16:12,470
615
+ inverse ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ element ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฌูˆุงู‡ุฐุง
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:16:12,470 --> 00:16:20,610
619
+ composition of functions ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูุงูŠ a ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ูุงูŠ ุจูŠ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:16:20,610 --> 00:16:27,150
623
+ ุงู†ูุฑุณ as a function of x ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุงูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑุง
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:16:27,150 --> 00:16:32,810
627
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุงูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑุง a ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูˆุง ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ุงุทุจู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:16:32,810 --> 00:16:38,560
631
+ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุฌุงูŠู„ูŠู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุงูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† B
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:16:38,560 --> 00:16:46,220
635
+ inverse X B inverse Inverse ุทุจู‚ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู Phi A
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:16:46,220 --> 00:16:51,800
639
+ ุงู„ element A X A inverse ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ element X ุงู„
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:16:51,800 --> 00:16:57,850
643
+ element inverse ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุงุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏูŠ ุงุทุจู‚
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:16:57,850 --> 00:17:04,110
647
+ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ a b
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:17:04,110 --> 00:17:13,250
651
+ inverse x b inverse x b inverse inverse ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:17:13,250 --> 00:17:20,410
655
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ููŠ ู…ู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ a inverseูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุนุชุจุฑุช ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:17:20,410 --> 00:17:24,790
659
+ element ููŠ domain ุงู„ู€ phi of A ุทุจู‚ุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:17:24,790 --> 00:17:30,030
663
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ A ู†ูุณ ุงู„ element ุงู„ A inverse ุงู„ุงู†
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:17:30,030 --> 00:17:35,170
667
+ ุจุงู„ุฏุงู„ูŠ ู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ associativity ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:17:35,170 --> 00:17:42,120
671
+ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู‚ูˆู„ A B inverse ููŠ ุงู„ X ููŠู‡ุฃุชุทู„ุนู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:17:42,120 --> 00:17:45,660
675
+ element inverse ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ element inverse ุจู‚ุฏุฑ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:17:45,660 --> 00:17:51,360
679
+ ุฃุฌู…ุนู‡ู… ุจ inverse ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุฃุบูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ุฃุจุฏู„ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุนู‡ู…
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:17:51,360 --> 00:17:57,740
683
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ a b inverse ุงู„ูƒู„
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:17:57,740 --> 00:18:02,480
687
+ inverse ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง inverse ูˆ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:18:02,480 --> 00:18:07,160
691
+ ู‡ุฐุง inverse ุฌู„ุจุช ูˆุถุนู‡ู… ูˆ ุฎู„ุช inverse ู„ู„ูƒู„ ุงุชุทู„ุนู„ูŠ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:18:07,160 --> 00:18:12,120
695
+ ู„ู„ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ุงูˆุณูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตุงุฑ ุงู„
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:18:12,120 --> 00:18:18,180
699
+ element ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ element ู‡ุฐุง ุจุณ inverse ุฃู„ูŠุณ ู‡ูˆ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:18:18,180 --> 00:18:25,760
703
+ ุชุนุฑูŠู inner atomorphism ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ู…ูŠู† ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:18:25,760 --> 00:18:32,300
707
+ a b inverse of x ุชู…ุงู…
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:18:32,970 --> 00:18:40,210
711
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุจุชุฏุงุช ุจ element ููŠ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณูŠ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ Phi
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:18:40,210 --> 00:18:45,910
715
+ of AB inverse ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ inner
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:18:45,910 --> 00:18:53,370
719
+ atomorphism ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ inner atomorphism ู„ G
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:18:55,870 --> 00:19:00,910
723
+ ุซุจุช ู‡ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ non-empty ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ elements ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุช ููŠ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:19:00,910 --> 00:19:06,350
727
+ ุงู„ inner ูุฑุฏุช ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ููŠ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุทู„ุน ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆูŠู†
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:19:06,350 --> 00:19:12,810
731
+ ููŠ ุงู„ inner atomorphism ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ inner
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:19:12,810 --> 00:19:20,150
735
+ atomorphism ู„ุฌูŠ is a subgroup ู…ู† ุงู„ atomorphism
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:19:20,150 --> 00:19:22,970
739
+ ู„ุฌูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:19:48,290 --> 00:19:52,050
743
+ ุญุฏ ู„ูˆ ูŠุชุณุงูˆู„ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:19:55,710 --> 00:20:02,030
747
+ ุนู„ูŠ ุตูˆุชูƒ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู†
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:20:02,030 --> 00:20:13,110
751
+ ู†ุซุจุช ุงู†ู‡ุง non-empty ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ุชุนุงู„
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:20:13,110 --> 00:20:17,810
755
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุชุนุงู„ ุชุนุงู„ ุงู„ุญู‚ ุงู„ุญู‚ ู‚ูˆู„
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:20:26,310 --> 00:20:31,150
759
+ ุงู†ุง ุงุฏุนูŠุช ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ identity element ู‡ุงูŠูˆ ุฌุงูŠู„ูƒ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:20:31,150 --> 00:20:34,990
763
+ ู‡ุฐุง is identity element ุงู† ุฌูŠู‡ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ูˆู„ุชู„ูƒ ู…ุฏุงู…
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:20:34,990 --> 00:20:39,410
767
+ identity ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒู…ุธุจูˆุท ุชุฃุซูŠุฑู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:20:39,410 --> 00:20:43,350
771
+ element ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ ุงู„ element ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุญุงูˆู„ ุงุญุท
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:20:43,350 --> 00:20:49,510
775
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ inner atomorphism ูุฑูˆุญุช ู‚ูˆู„ุช ุงู„ููŠ ูŠุณูˆูŠ X
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:20:49,510 --> 00:20:54,670
779
+ ูŠุณูˆูŠ E X E inverse ู‡ุฐุง ุดูƒู„ inner atomorphism
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:20:54,670 --> 00:21:02,070
783
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ู‚ุณู…ุฉ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:21:02,070 --> 00:21:09,380
787
+ ููŠ A X ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ E X E inverseูุงูŠ ุงูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ identity ู‡ูŠ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:21:09,380 --> 00:21:14,840
791
+ ุฌุงูŠู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ููŠ ุงูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ identity ู…ุด ุงู„
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:21:14,840 --> 00:21:19,620
795
+ ุงูŠ ุงู„ ุงูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ identity ุชุจุน ุงู„ group ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงูŠ ู‡ูˆ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:21:19,620 --> 00:21:23,020
799
+ ุงู„ identity element ุชุจุน ุงู„ atom morphism ูˆุชุจุน ุงู„
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:21:23,020 --> 00:21:26,800
803
+ inner atom morphism ุฏุฑ ุจุงู„ูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ functions
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:21:26,800 --> 00:21:32,580
807
+ ูˆู„ูŠุณุช elements ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ู„ูƒู† ุตูˆุฑู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ elements
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:21:32,580 --> 00:21:36,400
811
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ group ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฌูŠู‡ุญุฏ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:21:36,400 --> 00:21:41,380
815
+ ูŠู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ูˆ ู†ูˆุถุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:21:41,380 --> 00:21:49,800
819
+ ุจู…ุซุงู„ example
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:22:12,580 --> 00:22:22,400
823
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู ุฏูŠ ููˆุฑ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ R ู†ูˆุฏ R ุชุณุนูŠู† R ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:22:22,400 --> 00:22:35,360
827
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† R ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† H V D D prime find find ุงูˆ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:22:35,360 --> 00:22:38,340
831
+ ุฌุฏ ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ inner
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:22:41,510 --> 00:22:47,710
835
+ ู„ู…ุงู† ู„ุฏูŠ four ุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„ inner atomorphism ู„ุฏูŠ four
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:22:47,710 --> 00:22:53,550
839
+ solution
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:23:03,160 --> 00:23:08,840
843
+ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ elements ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุฏู†ุง
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:23:08,840 --> 00:23:13,480
847
+ ู†ุฌูŠุจู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ elements ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุงุญู†ุง
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:23:13,480 --> 00:23:17,620
851
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ inner ู…ุฏุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ inner ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:23:17,620 --> 00:23:23,560
855
+ functions ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุจุฏู‰ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ู‡ู†ุง
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:23:23,560 --> 00:23:34,730
859
+ ูุงูŠ ุงุฑุชุณ ุงุฑุฒูŠุฑูˆ as a function of xุทุจุนุง ุงู„ X ู…ูŠู† ูŠุง
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:23:34,730 --> 00:23:41,130
863
+ ุดุจุงุจ ุงู„ X ุงูŠ ุนู†ุตุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ูŠู† ู…ุงูƒุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:23:41,130 --> 00:23:45,870
867
+ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ X ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ G ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุญุณุจ ุงู„
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:23:45,870 --> 00:23:52,890
871
+ definition ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ R node X R node inverse ุญุฏ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:23:52,890 --> 00:23:59,030
875
+ ููŠูƒู… ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌุŸูƒุฏุงุดุŸ X ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:23:59,030 --> 00:24:02,450
879
+ identity element ูˆู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„ identity element ุงู„
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:24:02,450 --> 00:24:06,210
883
+ identity element ู†ูุณู‡ ูˆูŠุถุฑุจู‡ ููŠ ุฃูŠ element ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:24:06,210 --> 00:24:12,790
887
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ element ุทูŠุจ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุงุฐุง ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:24:12,790 --> 00:24:17,350
891
+ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุงุตุฑ ุฌูŠู‡ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุงุตุฑ ุฏูŠ ุญุท ุนู„ู‰ ุดุฌุฑุฉ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:24:17,350 --> 00:24:24,350
895
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏุงุฌุฉ ุงุฎุฏ ููŠ ุงุฑ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† as a function of
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:24:24,350 --> 00:24:33,860
899
+ XูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุจุฏูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ R180 X R180 Inverse
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:24:33,860 --> 00:24:41,360
903
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุณุงูุฑ ุงุนุทูŠุชูƒูˆุง ุงู„ center ุชุจุน ุงู„ D4
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:24:41,360 --> 00:24:46,860
907
+ ุงูˆ ุงู„ DN ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ูƒูˆุง ุงุฐุง ุงู„ N ูุฑุฏูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ center
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:24:46,860 --> 00:24:53,340
911
+ ู…ุงููŠู‡ ุงู„ุง ุงู„ identity elementูˆุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€ DN ุงู„ู€ N
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:24:53,340 --> 00:24:58,140
915
+ ุฒูˆุฌูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Identity Element ูˆุงู„ู€ R180 ุตุญูŠุญ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:24:58,140 --> 00:25:02,860
919
+ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€ R180 ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Center ูŠุนู†ูŠ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:25:02,860 --> 00:25:10,100
923
+ ูƒู…ูŠูˆุชุณ ู…ุน ุฌู…ูŠุน ุนู†ุงุตุฑ D4 ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู„ุชู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจุตูŠุฑ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:25:10,100 --> 00:25:14,400
927
+ X R180 IR Inverse ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ู€ Identity ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุงุชุฌ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:25:14,400 --> 00:25:15,660
931
+ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:25:19,650 --> 00:25:27,540
935
+ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ R 180 ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Center ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ D4ุทุจ ู…ู†
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:25:27,540 --> 00:25:33,520
939
+ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ููŠ ุงุฑ ู†ูˆุช
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:25:33,520 --> 00:25:37,200
943
+ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ elements ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠ ุงุฑ ู†ูˆุช ุชุฃุซูŠุฑู‡ุง
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:25:37,200 --> 00:25:40,920
947
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฑ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุชุฃุซูŠุฑู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ elements ูŠุจู‚ู‰
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:25:40,920 --> 00:25:49,640
951
+ ุฃุตุจุญ ููŠ ุงุฑ ู†ูˆุช ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠ ุงุฑ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:25:49,640 --> 00:25:53,600
955
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ atom morphism ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู† ูˆู„ุง ุนู†ุตุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:25:54,780 --> 00:26:01,440
959
+ ุงู†ุตุฑูŠู† ูˆู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ุฌุฏุง ุทูŠุจ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ู†ุดูˆู ูุงูŠ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:26:01,440 --> 00:26:10,120
963
+ R ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† ุชุซูŠุฑู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ X ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:26:10,120 --> 00:26:19,700
967
+ R ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† X R ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† inverse ูˆุชุณุงูˆูŠุงูŠุด
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:26:19,700 --> 00:26:28,240
971
+ ุฑุงูŠูƒ ุงู„ R270 ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงูƒุชุจู‡ุง R180 ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ R90 ุตุญูŠุญ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:26:28,240 --> 00:26:33,500
975
+ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุงู„ rotation ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณู‡ ู…ุงุนู†ุงู‡ ู…ุด
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:26:33,500 --> 00:26:39,960
979
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ X ุงู„ R ู…ูŠุชูŠู† .. ุงู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ R ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:26:39,960 --> 00:26:45,220
983
+ ุณุจุนูŠู† inverse ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุทุจุนุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ R ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:26:45,220 --> 00:26:49,120
987
+ ุณุจุนูŠู† inverse ููŠ ุงู„ H ู…ุด ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุงุณุฃู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:26:49,120 --> 00:26:56,640
991
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ R ุชู„ุชู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุณุชูŠู† ูƒุฏู‡ุด ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:26:56,640 --> 00:27:06,420
995
+ ุทุจุนุงุทูŠุจ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุชู‡ุง ููŠ R ุชุณุนูŠู† ุงู†ูุฑุณ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:27:06,420 --> 00:27:17,440
999
+ R ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ R ุชุณุนูŠู† ุงู†ูุฑุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุถุฑุจุช
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:27:17,440 --> 00:27:24,200
1003
+ ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ููŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸุฑ ุชุณุนูŠู† ุงู†ูุฑุณ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุงุฑ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:27:24,200 --> 00:27:30,500
1007
+ ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† ุงู†ูุฑุณ ุงู„ุงุฑ ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† ุงู†ูุฑุณ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏุฃ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:27:30,500 --> 00:27:35,660
1011
+ ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฑุณ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ูุฑุณ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:27:35,660 --> 00:27:43,180
1015
+ ุงู„ุงุฑ ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† ุงู†ูุฑุณ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุงุฑ ุชุณุนูŠู† ุทูŠุจ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:27:45,430 --> 00:27:54,010
1019
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ R ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:27:54,010 --> 00:28:02,850
1023
+ R ุชุณุนูŠู† inverse ููŠ R ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† inverseุงู„ู€ R 180
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:28:02,850 --> 00:28:07,570
1027
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ Center ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุจ ุชู‡ุงุฏูŠ ู…ุนู‡ุฏุด ุจุตูŠุฑ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:28:07,570 --> 00:28:15,670
1031
+ ุงู„ู€ Identity Element ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ R 90 X R 90
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:28:15,670 --> 00:28:21,410
1035
+ Inverse ุฃู„ูŠุณ ุชู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:28:21,410 --> 00:28:31,640
1039
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูุงูŠ R ุชุณุนูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูุงูŠ R ุชุณุนูŠู† as a
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:28:31,640 --> 00:28:39,440
1043
+ function of X ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃุตุจุญ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ูŠู† ูุงูŠ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:28:39,440 --> 00:28:48,640
1047
+ R ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ ุณูˆู‰ ูุงูŠ R ุชุณุนูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฑูˆุฒู†ุงู‡ุง
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:28:48,640 --> 00:28:54,030
1051
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฑูˆุฒู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุตู„ู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:28:54,030 --> 00:28:59,650
1055
+ ู…ู† R ู†ูˆุฏ ูˆ ู…ู† R ุชุณุนูŠู† ูˆ ู…ู† R ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ูˆ ู…ู† R
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:28:59,650 --> 00:29:07,710
1059
+ ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ุงู…ุงู… ู„ูุงูŠ H as a function
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:29:07,710 --> 00:29:19,670
1063
+ of X ูŠุจู‚ู‰ H X H inverse ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุจุงู„ุฏุฌู„ ุงู„
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:29:19,670 --> 00:29:26,360
1067
+ H ุนู†ุฏู†ุงู„ูˆ ุฑูˆุญุช ูุชุญุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุตูุญุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:29:26,360 --> 00:29:33,100
1071
+ ุชุงุจุน ุงู„ูƒู„ุชุงุจ ุงู„ู„ุงู…ุงู† ู„ู„ ุฏูŠ ููˆุฑ ุตูุญุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:29:33,100 --> 00:29:40,460
1075
+ ูˆุฑูˆุญ ุชุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุญ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠู‡ุง R ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู†
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:29:40,460 --> 00:29:47,490
1079
+ ููŠ VูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฑ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ููŠ V ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ H ุฅุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู†
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:29:47,490 --> 00:29:56,890
1083
+ ุฃุดูŠู„ู‡ุง ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุจ ุฑ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† V ููŠ ุงู„ X ููŠ ุงู„ R ู…ูŠุฉ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:29:56,890 --> 00:30:05,800
1087
+ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† V ู„ูƒู„ inverseุทุจ ู„ูŠุด ูƒุชุจุชู‡ุง ู‡ูŠูƒุŸ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุณู‡ู„
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:30:05,800 --> 00:30:10,180
1091
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุจุฏู„ุงู„ุฉ ู…ู†ุŸ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:30:10,180 --> 00:30:14,560
1095
+ ุจุฏู„ุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ R180 ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ R180 ููŠ ุงู„ center ุฅุฐุง
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:30:14,560 --> 00:30:20,780
1099
+ ุจุชุฎุชุตุฑู†ูŠ ู†ุต ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:30:20,780 --> 00:30:23,060
1103
+ R180
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:30:25,010 --> 00:30:33,570
1107
+ ูู‰ V ูู‰ ุงู„ X ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ inverse ุงู„ู„ู‰ V inverse R ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:30:33,570 --> 00:30:40,030
1111
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† inverse ุทุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฌุจุช ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู… ุจุตูŠุฑ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:30:40,030 --> 00:30:48,770
1115
+ ุจุงู„ identity ุงูŠุด ุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง VX V inverse ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:30:48,770 --> 00:30:57,900
1119
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ Phi V of XูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃุตุจุญ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูุงูŠ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:30:57,900 --> 00:31:06,700
1123
+ H ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูุงูŠ V ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃุฎุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูุงูŠ D
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:31:06,700 --> 00:31:14,780
1127
+ Prime as a function of X ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠ D Prime X D Prime
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:31:14,780 --> 00:31:21,100
1131
+ Inverseุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฌุจุช ููŠู‡ุง H ุจุฏู‰ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุฃุฌูŠุจ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:31:21,100 --> 00:31:28,460
1135
+ D' ุจุฑูˆุญ ุจูุชุญ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุตูุญุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ D'
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:31:29,220 --> 00:31:35,820
1139
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ D' ุจุฏู‰ R ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุนุดุงู† ูŠุฌูŠุจู„ูŠ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:31:35,820 --> 00:31:42,530
1143
+ D' ุจุตูŠุฑ R ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ููŠ DูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุดูŠู„ู‡ุง ูˆ ุจูƒุชุจ
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:31:42,530 --> 00:31:51,250
1147
+ ุจุฏุงู„ู‡ุง R ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ููŠ D ููŠ X ููŠ ุงู„ R ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:31:51,250 --> 00:31:58,270
1151
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ููŠ D ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… inverse ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:31:58,270 --> 00:32:02,370
1155
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ R ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ููŠ D
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:32:12,070 --> 00:32:18,930
1159
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู…ูŠู† ุจุงู„ identity element ุชู…ุงู…
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:32:18,930 --> 00:32:26,920
1163
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู‡ุชุนุทูŠูƒ DX D inverseู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:32:26,920 --> 00:32:35,380
1167
+ main ูุงูŠุฏูŠ of x ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃุตุจุญ ูุงูŠุฏูŠ prime
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:32:35,380 --> 00:32:38,300
1171
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูุงูŠุฏูŠ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:32:40,110 --> 00:32:45,830
1175
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ inner atomorphism
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:32:45,830 --> 00:32:54,030
1179
+ ุตุงุฑูˆุง ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆู„ูŠุณุช ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ุตุงุฑูˆุง ุนู„ู‰
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:32:54,030 --> 00:32:55,850
1183
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:33:11,130 --> 00:33:19,170
1187
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุณุง ุงู„ inner atomorphism ู„ D for ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:33:19,170 --> 00:33:26,130
1191
+ ุนู† ุงู„ ููŠ R ู†ูˆุช ุทุจุนุง ูŠุณูˆูŠ ููŠ R ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:33:26,130 --> 00:33:33,850
1195
+ ููŠ R ุชุณุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุณูˆูŠ ููŠ R ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุชุงู„ุช
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:33:33,850 --> 00:33:39,690
1199
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ H ูˆุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ main ููŠ D ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:33:40,480 --> 00:33:46,740
1203
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ inner atomorphism ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู€G ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:33:46,740 --> 00:33:53,380
1207
+ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ inner atomorphism ู„ู€G ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ูŠู‡ู…
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:33:53,380 --> 00:33:58,720
1211
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠุด ุบูŠุฑู‡ู… ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃุฎุฑ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:33:58,720 --> 00:34:04,040
1215
+ ุฃุฎุณุฑู‡ู… ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชุนุงู„ูˆุง ู†ุดูˆููˆุง ู†ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู†
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:34:04,040 --> 00:34:09,640
1219
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฏุนูŠ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ are destined
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:34:10,700 --> 00:34:21,380
1223
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง this ุฃูˆ the elements ู„ู‡ five R node ูˆfive
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:34:21,380 --> 00:34:29,580
1227
+ R ุชุณุนูŠู† ูˆfive H and ุงู„ููŠ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:34:29,580 --> 00:34:31,260
1231
+ ุฏูŠ are destiny
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:34:34,120 --> 00:34:38,580
1235
+ ุฅุฐุง Destinate ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ ูุนู„ุง ุงู„ู€
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:34:38,580 --> 00:34:43,080
1239
+ Inner Atomorphism ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€D ูˆ ุงู„ู€G ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ ุฅู„ุง
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:34:43,080 --> 00:34:49,600
1243
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน Inner Atomorphism ู…ุดุงู†
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:34:49,600 --> 00:34:54,540
1247
+ ุฃุซุจุชู‡ู… Destinate ูŠูƒููŠู†ูŠ counter example ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูƒู„
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:34:54,540 --> 00:34:59,670
1251
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ู… ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ู†ุดูˆูุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุฏุนู‰ ุงู†ู‡ู… ู‡ุฐูˆู„
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:34:59,670 --> 00:35:06,830
1255
+ destinect ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ู„ุช ูุงูŠ ุงุฑ ู†ูˆุฏ ูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ุงุฎู„ูŠู‡
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:35:06,830 --> 00:35:15,910
1259
+ ุงุซุฑ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชุด ุงุฎุฏ ุงุชุด ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ D4 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:35:15,910 --> 00:35:23,290
1263
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณูˆูŠ ุงุฑ ู†ูˆุฏ ุงุชุด ุงุฑ ู†ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ main ุจ ุงุชุดุงู„ุงู†
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:35:23,290 --> 00:35:31,170
1267
+ ุจุฏุฃ ุงุฎุฏ ูุงูŠ R ุชุณุนูŠู† as a function of H ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:35:31,170 --> 00:35:39,850
1271
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ R ุชุณุนูŠู† H R ุชุณุนูŠู† inverse ูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:35:39,850 --> 00:35:46,370
1275
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ุงุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ R ุชุณุนูŠู† H ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุตูุญุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:35:46,370 --> 00:35:55,890
1279
+ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† R ุชุณุนูŠู† HR ุชุณุนูŠู† ุชุถุฑุจู‡ุง ููŠ H ุจูŠุทู„ุน D
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:35:55,890 --> 00:36:02,590
1283
+ Prime ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐูŠ D Prime R ุชุณุนูŠู† Inverse ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:36:02,590 --> 00:36:09,250
1287
+ ุจู…ูŠู† ุจR ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุณุจุนูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ R ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุณุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ D
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:36:09,250 --> 00:36:13,950
1291
+ Prime ููŠ ุงู„ R ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุณุจุนูŠู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ D Prime ููŠ ุงู„ R
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:36:13,950 --> 00:36:20,340
1295
+ ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุณุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู„ูƒ V ุจูŠุนุทูŠู„ูƒ Vู‡ุฐู‡
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:36:20,340 --> 00:36:29,460
1299
+ ุงุนุทุชู†ู‰ H ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุนุทุชู†ู‰ V ุฅุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ R ู„ู„ FI R
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:36:29,460 --> 00:36:37,460
1303
+ ุชุณุนูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ FI R ู†ูˆุช ุงู„ุงู†
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:36:37,460 --> 00:36:45,240
1307
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุซู„ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ูˆู„ุช FI R ุชุณุนูŠู† ุจุฏูŠ ุงุจุญุซู‡ุง ู…ุน ู…ูŠู† ู…ุน
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:36:45,240 --> 00:36:50,710
1311
+ FI H ุจุฏูŠ ุงุซุจุช ุงู†ู‡ ู…ููŠุด ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠู…ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุงูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงุฑ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:36:50,710 --> 00:36:57,030
1315
+ ุชุณุนูŠู† ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุฎู„ุชู‡ุง ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุฑ ุชุณุนูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ุงุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:36:57,030 --> 00:37:05,510
1319
+ ุงุฑ ุชุณุนูŠู† ุงุฑ ุชุณุนูŠู† ุงุฑ ุชุณุนูŠู† ุงู†ูุฑุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจู‚ุฏุงุด ุงุฑ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:37:05,510 --> 00:37:14,770
1323
+ ุชุณุนูŠู† ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏูŠ ุงู†ุง ุงุฎุฏ ููŠ ุงุชุดุฑ ุชุณุนูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:37:14,770 --> 00:37:24,750
1327
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ H R ุชุณุนูŠู† H inverse ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:37:24,750 --> 00:37:30,090
1331
+ H inverse Y ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุจุงู„ุฏุงุฌู„ ุงู„ H R ุชุณุนูŠู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู†
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:37:30,090 --> 00:37:37,710
1335
+ ุตูุญุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุชู„ุงุชูŠู†ุจุฏูŠ ู…ู†ุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ H R ุชุณุนูŠู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:37:37,710 --> 00:37:46,570
1339
+ H R ุชุณุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจ D ุฏูŠ ุฏูŠ ุทุจ ูˆ ุงู„ H ุงู†ูุฑุณ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:37:46,570 --> 00:37:54,720
1343
+ H ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ ุณูƒุช ุงู„ุดุนุจุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:37:54,720 --> 00:37:59,260
1347
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุงุญุฉ H ุชุฑุจูŠู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ V ุชุฑุจูŠู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ D ุชุฑุจูŠู‡ุง
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:37:59,260 --> 00:38:03,460
1351
+ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ D ุชุฑุจูŠู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€H
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:38:03,460 --> 00:38:06,900
1355
+ ูˆุงู„ู€H inverse DD inverse VV inverse D prime ูŠุง D
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:38:06,900 --> 00:38:10,480
1359
+ prime inverseุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุฅุฐุง ุงุดูŠู„ุชู‡ุง ูˆุญุทูŠุช ู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ุงุŒ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:38:10,480 --> 00:38:16,680
1363
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุดูˆู ุงู„ู€DH ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู„ู€D ููŠ HุŒ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:38:16,680 --> 00:38:25,460
1367
+ D ููŠ H ุจุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ 270ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุงุฑ ู…ุชูŠู†
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:38:25,460 --> 00:38:30,980
1371
+ ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:38:30,980 --> 00:38:37,780
1375
+ ู‡ูˆ ูุงูŠ ุงุฑ ุชุณุนูŠู† ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ูุงูŠ ุงุชุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:38:37,780 --> 00:38:43,590
1379
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ูŠู† ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูุงูŠุฏูŠู†ุงู„ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:38:43,590 --> 00:38:47,850
1383
+ ุจูŠุงู†ู†ุง ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุงู„ุงูˆู„ู‰ ู†ูŠุงุชู‰ ูˆ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู†
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:38:47,850 --> 00:38:53,850
1387
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุงุช ูˆ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ูุงูŠ R ุชุณุนูŠู† ุจุฑุถู‡
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:38:53,850 --> 00:38:59,770
1391
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฎู„ู‰ ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ R ุชุณุนูŠู† ุงุนุทุงู†ู‰ R ุชุณุนูŠู† itself
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:38:59,770 --> 00:39:08,140
1395
+ ุจุฏู‡ ุงุฎุฏ ุงุฎุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูุงูŠ Dู„ู…ุง ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ R ุชุณุนูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:39:08,140 --> 00:39:16,660
1399
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ DR ุชุณุนูŠู† D inverseู‡ูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุจุฏูŠ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:39:16,660 --> 00:39:22,760
1403
+ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ D R ุชุณุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ D R ุชุณุนูŠู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:39:22,760 --> 00:39:30,140
1407
+ ุนู† V ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ V ูˆ ุงู„ D inverse ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† D ุจุฏูŠ
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:39:30,140 --> 00:39:38,300
1411
+ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ V ููŠ D ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ V ููŠ D ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ R ู…ูŠุชูŠู†
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:39:38,300 --> 00:39:46,120
1415
+ ูˆุณุจุนูŠู†ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ R ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† ู…ู„ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:39:46,120 --> 00:39:54,260
1419
+ ุจุณ ุชู†ุชุฌ ุงู† ุงู„ูุงูŠ R ุชุณุนูŠู† ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ูุงูŠ D
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:39:55,610 --> 00:40:00,970
1423
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ุชู‡ ุงู†ุง ู„ุณู‡ ุดุบู„ุฉ ุงุซุจุช ุงู† ุงู„ู€ Phi R ุชุณุนูŠู† ู„ุง
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:40:00,970 --> 00:40:05,030
1427
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆู„ุง ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆู„ุง ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุช
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:40:05,030 --> 00:40:09,710
1431
+ ุจูƒุชุจ ุงู† ุงู„ Phi H ุจุณุงูˆูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ Phi H ุจุณุงูˆูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ Phi
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:40:09,710 --> 00:40:14,590
1435
+ H ุจุณุงูˆูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† Phi D ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:40:14,590 --> 00:40:15,910
1439
+ similarly
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:40:18,410 --> 00:40:28,530
1443
+ similarly for ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูุงูŠ ุงุชุด and ูุงูŠ ุฏูŠ thus ูˆ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:40:28,530 --> 00:40:35,850
1447
+ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุงู„ inner atom morphism ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏูŠ for ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:40:35,850 --> 00:40:46,050
1451
+ ุนู† ุงู„ูุงูŠ ุงุฑ ู†ูˆุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ูุงูŠ ุงุฑ ุชุณุนูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ูุงูŠ ุงุชุด ูˆ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:40:46,050 --> 00:40:55,540
1455
+ ุงู„ูุงูŠ ุฏูŠูู‚ุท ู„ุง ุบูŠุฑ ุทูŠุจ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณุฃู„ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:40:55,540 --> 00:41:01,360
1459
+ ุฃุฎุฏ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ R node ุนู„ู‰ H ูˆ R node ุนู„ู‰ H ุทุจ ู„ูˆ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:41:01,360 --> 00:41:08,060
1463
+ ุบูŠุฑุช ุงู„ H ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู† ูŠุทู„ุน ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู‡ ุฏูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ูƒ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:41:08,060 --> 00:41:13,370
1467
+ ุงุตุจุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงุตุจุฑ ุนู„ูŠุง ุดูˆูŠุฉุงู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงุซุจุช ู„ู‡ ุงู† ุงู„ุงุฑุฏ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:41:13,370 --> 00:41:18,690
1471
+ ู†ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุงุฑุฏ ู†ูˆุฏ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงุฑุฏ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:41:18,690 --> 00:41:25,270
1475
+ ุงูƒุณ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ X ุงุฎุชุฑุช ุฑู…ุฒ ู…ุนูŠู† ูˆู„ุง ุฌูŠุช ุนู„ู‰ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฑู…ูˆุฒ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:41:25,270 --> 00:41:30,770
1479
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ุงุฐุงุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:41:30,770 --> 00:41:36,190
1483
+ ู‚ุฏ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฑู…ูˆุฒ ูˆู„ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:41:36,190 --> 00:41:41,050
1487
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ุจุณ ุฌุจุช counter example ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ in
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:41:41,050 --> 00:41:46,430
1491
+ general ู„ูƒู† ู‚ุฏ ูŠุญุฏุซ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุขุฎุฑ ู„ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุฃู†
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:41:46,430 --> 00:41:52,620
1495
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ ุจู„ุง ุงุณุชุซู†ุงุกุงุฐุง
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:41:52,620 --> 00:41:58,260
1499
+ ู„ูˆ ู„ุฌูŠุช ุฑู…ุฒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ุญุงุตู„ ุฒูŠ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:41:58,260 --> 00:42:04,160
1503
+ ู…ุง ุดูˆูุช ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ูŠุชุณุงูˆู‰ ุฑุบู… ุงู† ู‡ู…
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:42:04,160 --> 00:42:08,680
1507
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชุณุงูˆู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู„ูƒู† in general ุนู„ู‰ D4
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:42:08,680 --> 00:42:15,720
1511
+ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุญุตู„ุด ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุถุญ ูƒู„ุงู…ูŠุŸ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ู…ุด ุณุงู…ุน ุงูŠุด
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:42:15,720 --> 00:42:18,220
1515
+ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ู„ุตูˆุชูƒ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:42:23,350 --> 00:42:24,650
1519
+ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠู†ุŸ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:42:33,630 --> 00:42:38,550
1523
+ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏูŠุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุญุตู„ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู„ูƒู†
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:42:38,550 --> 00:42:42,710
1527
+ ุงุฐุง ุจุฏูƒ ุงู„ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถู‡ุง
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:42:42,710 --> 00:42:47,130
1531
+ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุญุตู„ ุงู„ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุทุจุนุง ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู…ุงู† ุนู†ุงุตุฑ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:42:47,130 --> 00:42:52,650
1535
+ ูุจุนุฏ if ู„ูˆ ู„ุฌูŠุช ุนู†ุตุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ุญุงุตู„ ุงุฐุง in
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:42:52,650 --> 00:42:56,670
1539
+ general ุงู„ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ุญุงุตู„ู…ุดุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู†
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:42:56,670 --> 00:43:02,510
1543
+ ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ X ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุนู†ุงุตุฑ D4 ุงู„ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจู„ุง
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:43:02,510 --> 00:43:06,710
1547
+ ุงุณุชุซู†ุงุก ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ inner
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:43:06,710 --> 00:43:11,790
1551
+ automorphism ุชุจุนุช ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ D4 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุทู„ุจู‡ู…
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:43:11,790 --> 00:43:18,570
1555
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ุขู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุณุคุงู„
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:43:20,250 --> 00:43:24,970
1559
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ูˆู‡ูˆ very important ูˆ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:43:24,970 --> 00:43:45,030
1563
+ ู„ู‡ ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู‡
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:43:45,030 --> 00:43:47,330
1567
+ ุจู„ูƒู† ูƒู…ุงู† example
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:43:51,320 --> 00:44:02,000
1571
+ example ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุช ุงุญุณุจู„ูŠ ุงู„ atomorphism ู„ z
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:44:02,000 --> 00:44:04,080
1575
+ ู…ู†ูŠู† ู„ z ุนุดุฑุฉ
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:44:12,500 --> 00:44:17,500
1579
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุญุณุจ ู„ู‡ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุงุชูˆู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… ู„ู€ Z10 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:44:17,500 --> 00:44:24,460
1583
+ function ู…ู† Z10 ุฅู„ู‰ Z10 ุชุจู‚ู‰ ูˆุงู†ุช ูˆุงู† ูˆุงู†ุช ูˆ ุชุฎุฏู…
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:44:24,460 --> 00:44:29,800
1587
+ ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ isomorphism ูƒู„ function ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:44:29,800 --> 00:44:35,480
1591
+ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชูˆู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู€ Z10 ุทุจุนุง
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:44:35,480 --> 00:44:41,590
1595
+ ู‡ู†ุซุจุช ุงู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูู‚ุท ู„ุบูŠุฑูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:44:41,590 --> 00:44:45,690
1599
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุธู‡ุฑ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุงุถู„ุด ู…ุนุงู†ุง ูˆุงุฌุฏ ุฅู„ุง ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:44:45,690 --> 00:44:49,230
1603
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุบุดุดูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุฅุฐุง ู…ุนุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:44:49,230 --> 00:44:53,890
1607
+ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆู„ู† ุชูู‡ู… ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฃู†ุง
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:44:53,890 --> 00:44:58,290
1611
+ ู…ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ุด ู‡ุชูู‡ู… ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ูƒุชุงุจ ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู„ูƒู† ุงู† ุดุงุก
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:44:58,290 --> 00:45:02,510
1615
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู†ูˆุถุญู‡ุง ู„ูƒ ูˆ ุจู†ูู‡ู…ู‡ุง ู„ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:45:02,510 --> 00:45:04,170
1619
+ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุนููˆ
1620
+
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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,240 --> 00:00:24,560
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:24,560 --> 00:00:29,220
7
+ ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุณุจู‚ุช ุฏุฑุงุณุชู‡ ููŠ chapter ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:29,220 --> 00:00:33,580
11
+ chapter ุงู„ groups ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:33,580 --> 00:00:37,480
15
+ ุงู„ุทู„ุจู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุชุช ุงุชุญู„ูˆู‡ุง ูˆ ุจู†ุชูˆู‚ู ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:37,480 --> 00:00:42,160
19
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:42,160 --> 00:00:46,040
23
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุชู„ูŠ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:46,040 --> 00:00:50,430
27
+ ุณุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ general linear group
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:50,430 --> 00:00:55,530
31
+ of two by two matrices over z ุฏู‚ ุงุญุฏุงุด ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:55,530 --> 00:01:03,290
35
+ ุตุฑุงุจุช ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:03,290 --> 00:01:08,090
39
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฏู‡ ุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชุทู„ุน ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:08,090 --> 00:01:14,630
43
+ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ู‰
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:14,630 --> 00:01:20,210
47
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:21,940 --> 00:01:25,940
51
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุตุบูˆูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:25,940 --> 00:01:31,140
55
+ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุตุบูˆูุฉ ู…ุดุงู† ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุตุบูˆูุฉ ุทุจุนุง
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:31,140 --> 00:01:35,860
59
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ z ุฏูŠ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:35,860 --> 00:01:40,000
63
+ ุงุญุฏุงุดุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุชุฃูƒุฏ ุงู† ู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:40,000 --> 00:01:45,610
67
+ ูุจุฑูˆุญ ุจุฌูŠุจ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุชุจุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุตุบูˆูุฉูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:45,610 --> 00:01:51,930
71
+ ุงุฎุฏุชู„ู‡ุง determinant ู„ุฃุชู†ูŠู† ุณุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณูˆู‰
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:51,930 --> 00:01:58,350
75
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจุนุงุดุฑุฉ ูˆุณุชุฉ ููŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:58,350 --> 00:02:07,440
79
+ ุจุชู…ู†ุชุงุด ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… module 11ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:07,440 --> 00:02:14,000
83
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูˆุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆู† ุงุญุฏุงุดุฑ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏูŠุด ุญุงุฌุฉ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:14,000 --> 00:02:18,700
87
+ ุงุณู…ุฉ ุณุงู„ูุฉ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุจุงุถูŠู ุงุญุฏุงุดุฑ ู„ุณู„ุจ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุตูŠุฑ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:18,700 --> 00:02:24,800
91
+ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ู‚ุฏุงุดุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุฅุฐุง ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุง
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:24,800 --> 00:02:31,140
95
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Zero ุฅุฐุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ A ุงู„ู…ุตูˆู ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู‡ุง ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„ุขู†
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:31,140 --> 00:02:34,460
99
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู€ General Linear
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:34,460 --> 00:02:40,960
103
+ Group of 2x2 matrices over R ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:40,960 --> 00:02:45,500
107
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ A ุจุบูŠุฑ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุจุนุถู‡
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:45,500 --> 00:02:51,560
111
+ ุจุบูŠุฑ ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู„ูˆ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:51,560 --> 00:02:57,680
115
+ ุฌูŠุช ุณู…ูŠุช ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„ู‡ a inverse ุจุฏู‡
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:57,680 --> 00:03:05,080
119
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู„ุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ุฃูŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุงู„ุจ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:05,080 --> 00:03:13,670
123
+ ุณุชุฉ ุณุงู„ุจ ุชู„ุชุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุชู„ุช ููŠุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ู…ุงุนู†ุฏูŠุด ุณู„ุจ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:13,670 --> 00:03:16,950
127
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุณู„ุจ ุณุชุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฑูˆุญ ูˆ ุจุถูŠู ู„ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ู…
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:16,950 --> 00:03:22,410
131
+ ุฌุฏุงุด ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ 11 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:22,410 --> 00:03:27,370
135
+ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุงุถูุช 11 ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฏุงุด ูƒู…ุงู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุงุถูุช
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:27,370 --> 00:03:35,520
139
+ 11 ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู†ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู…ูˆุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆ 11
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:35,520 --> 00:03:39,480
143
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ูˆุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆ 11 ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูˆุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆ 11 ุงุชู†ูŠู†
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:39,480 --> 00:03:44,340
147
+ ู…ูˆุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆ 11 ู‡ู„ ุงุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุชู„ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูˆุง
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:47,100 --> 00:03:51,760
151
+ ุจุชุจุทู„ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฒุฏ ุงุญุฏุงุดูŠุŒ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ุด ุตุญูŠุญ ุทูŠุจ ุฅุฐุง ุดูˆ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:51,760 --> 00:03:57,200
155
+ ู†ุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ุฌูˆุฉ ุฃุถูู„ู‡ุง ู…ุถุงุนูุงุช ุงุญุฏุงุดุฑ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:57,200 --> 00:04:01,420
159
+ ุจุญูŠุซ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ู… ูŠู‚ุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:04:01,420 --> 00:04:06,600
163
+ ูƒู„ุงู…ู†ุง ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ู„ุช what ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:06,600 --> 00:04:13,320
167
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑุงูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตู…ูˆูุฉ ู„ุงู† ุฃุญุฏุงุดุฑ ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:13,320 --> 00:04:18,120
171
+ ุนุดุฑ ุชู‚ุณู…ู‡ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุฃ ูƒู…ุงู† ุฃุญุฏุงุดุฑ ูˆุณุชุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุณุจุนุฉ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:18,120 --> 00:04:23,640
175
+ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุชู‚ุณู… ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุงุช
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:23,640 --> 00:04:30,020
179
+ ูƒุงูุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ุถูŠ ุงู„ุฃุญุฏุงุดุฑ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:30,020 --> 00:04:34,760
183
+ ุฒูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ุถูŠ ุงู„ุฃุญุฏุงุดุฑ ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:34,760 --> 00:04:42,210
187
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุงุดุฑ ุชุณุนุฉ ุนุดุฑุชุณุนุฉ ุทุงุด ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุงุญุฏุงุด ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุงู‡
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:42,210 --> 00:04:48,470
191
+ ุชู‚ุณู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุญุฏุงุด ุชู„ุงุชุงุด
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:48,470 --> 00:04:54,770
195
+ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุงุญุฏุงุด ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุชู‚ุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:54,770 --> 00:05:01,430
199
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตุงุฑุช ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุชุณุนุฉ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:05:01,430 --> 00:05:08,130
203
+ ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:08,790 --> 00:05:14,450
207
+ ู„ุงุญุธ ุงู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุนู„ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ุชูŠ ุญุตู„ู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชุณุนุฉ ุชุณุนุฉ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:14,450 --> 00:05:21,230
211
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ Z11 ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ Z11
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:21,230 --> 00:05:27,030
215
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏูƒ ุชุชุฃูƒุฏ ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุตุญูŠุญ ูุนู„ุง ู‡ุฐูŠ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:27,030 --> 00:05:31,170
219
+ ู„ู‡ุง ุฏูŠุด ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุถุฑุจ ูˆ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ module 11
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:31,170 --> 00:05:36,520
223
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅู„ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฑุจุฑุงุญุชูƒ ุชุถุฑุจ ุงู„ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:36,520 --> 00:05:42,400
227
+ a a inverse ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:42,400 --> 00:05:48,000
231
+ ููŠ ู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุชุณุนุฉ ุชุณุนุฉ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุฑุงุญุชูƒ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:48,000 --> 00:05:53,420
235
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุทู„ุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒูŠุฑูˆ ุฒูŠุฑูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ู„ุง ุจุตูŠุฑ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:53,420 --> 00:05:57,900
239
+ ูƒู„ุงู…ู†ุง ู…ุนู„ู‡ ู…ุด ุตุญูŠุญ ุทุจ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฑ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:57,900 --> 00:06:02,210
243
+ ุจุนู…ู„ูƒ ุจุณ ุงูˆู„ termูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏู‰
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:06:02,210 --> 00:06:07,350
247
+ ุงุถุฑุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุชุณุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ุชุงุด ุชู…ุงู†ุชุงุด ูˆุณุชุฉ ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:06:07,350 --> 00:06:13,590
251
+ ุจุณุชูŠู† ูˆุชู…ุงู†ุชุงุด ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† ุจู†ุดูŠู„ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงุญุฏุงุด
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:13,590 --> 00:06:17,130
255
+ ุงุญุฏุงุด ููŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ุจุณุจุนุฉ ุจุณุจุนูŠู† ูƒุฏู‡ ุงุด ู…ุถุงู„ ุฎู„ุงุต ู†ู‡ูŠ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:17,130 --> 00:06:21,050
259
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆู‡ุง ูƒุฏู‡ ุนู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุดููˆูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆู„ุง
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:21,050 --> 00:06:26,030
263
+ ุฎู„ุงุต ุฎู„ุงุตู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ุตุนุจ ู‡ุฐุงุณุคุงู„ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุณุคุงู„
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:26,030 --> 00:06:32,690
267
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุคุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุณุคุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠุด give an example of
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:32,690 --> 00:06:38,270
271
+ a group elements a ูˆ b with property that ุงู† ุงู„ a
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:38,270 --> 00:06:44,320
275
+ inverse b a ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ bุดูˆู ูŠุง ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:44,320 --> 00:06:48,840
279
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† are the same ุจุตุฑุงุญุฉ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:48,840 --> 00:06:55,160
283
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุตุบุจ ุตูŠุบุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู‚ุงู„ูƒ ุจูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณุช ุจูŠ ุงูŠ ู„ุง
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:55,160 --> 00:07:01,200
287
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุจูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ู‚ุงู„ูƒ ุจูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณุช ุงูŠ ุจูŠ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:07:01,200 --> 00:07:07,680
291
+ ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุจูŠ ุทุจ ุงู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช ููŠ ุจูŠ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:07:07,680 --> 00:07:13,440
295
+ ุถุฑุจุช ููŠ ุจูŠ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ุจุฅู†ูุฑุณุช ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:13,440 --> 00:07:18,680
299
+ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:18,680 --> 00:07:21,040
303
+ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:21,040 --> 00:07:23,600
307
+ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:23,600 --> 00:07:23,740
311
+ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:23,740 --> 00:07:26,580
315
+ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:26,580 --> 00:07:36,000
319
+ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:38,610 --> 00:07:43,530
323
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุชู„ูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ ู„ group ุจุญูŠุซ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู†
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:43,530 --> 00:07:47,910
327
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุถุฑุจุช ุงู„ b ููŠ a ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ a ููŠ b ู†ูุณ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:47,910 --> 00:07:52,390
331
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชุจุน ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุฌุงู„ูƒ ู‡ุงุชู„ูŠ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:52,390 --> 00:07:57,390
335
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ู„ non appealing group ุงูˆ ู„ group ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู„ a ููŠ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:57,390 --> 00:08:02,050
339
+ b ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ b ููŠ a ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุณุชุฉ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:08:02,050 --> 00:08:10,460
343
+ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุชู…ุงู…ุงุทูŠุจ ู…ูŠู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ non abelian groupุŸ ุญุฏ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:08:10,460 --> 00:08:15,220
347
+ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุฌูŠุจู„ูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ุŸ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ุฌุฏุงุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ general
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:15,220 --> 00:08:19,040
351
+ linear group of two by two matrices over R ุฃุจุณุท
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:19,040 --> 00:08:27,410
355
+ ู…ุซู„ุŒ ู†ุนุทูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุซู„ ุขุฎุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุŸ ู†ุนุทูŠุŸ D4ูŠุจู‚ู‰ D4 ู…ุซุงู„
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:27,410 --> 00:08:30,650
359
+ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ู…ุนุงูƒ ูˆ ุงู„ general linear group ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุซุงู„
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:30,650 --> 00:08:35,790
363
+ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ูƒูู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจูƒู ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงุนุทูŠู†ุงูƒ ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:35,790 --> 00:08:42,490
367
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู†ุฏูƒ D4 ุงูˆ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:42,490 --> 00:08:45,950
371
+ general linear group of two by two matrices over R
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:45,950 --> 00:08:51,540
375
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ู…ุตุทูุงุช ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠุฉุŸู„ุฃ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ D4 ู‡ู„
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:51,540 --> 00:08:56,240
379
+ ู‡ูŠ abelian ุทุจุนุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู…ุณูƒ ุงูŠ ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู† ู‡ุงุช ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุซู„ุง
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:56,240 --> 00:08:59,240
383
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ rotation ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ inflection ูˆุถุฑุจู‡ู… ููŠ ุจุนุถ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:59,240 --> 00:09:02,820
387
+ ูˆ ุงุฌู„ุจ ุทุจุนุง ุญุณุจู†ุง ู…ุนุงูƒูˆุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ A ููŠ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:09:02,820 --> 00:09:06,580
391
+ B ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆ ุณูˆู‰ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ B ููŠ A ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:09:06,580 --> 00:09:11,600
395
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:11,600 --> 00:09:15,260
399
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ุงุนุฏุงุฏ ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ู…ุด ููŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุทุจ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:15,260 --> 00:09:21,460
403
+ identity elementุŸุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ ุณุคุงู„ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:21,460 --> 00:09:25,340
407
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ identity element ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงุถุฑุจ ุงูŠ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:25,340 --> 00:09:30,580
411
+ element ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุชุงุดุฑ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:30,580 --> 00:09:36,160
415
+ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ element ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆูŠุจู‚ู‰
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:36,160 --> 00:09:40,860
419
+ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ identity element ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุญู†ุง
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:40,860 --> 00:09:43,880
423
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุชุงุดุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:43,880 --> 00:09:48,720
427
+ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุงุฑุจุน ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ู… ู‡ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:48,720 --> 00:09:53,080
431
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุทุจุนุง modulo ุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:53,080 --> 00:09:58,340
435
+ ู…ุงุดูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ุทูŠุจ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ุณุคุงู„
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:58,340 --> 00:10:05,340
439
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุนุดุฑุฉ ุณุคุงู„ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ุงุทูŠู†ูŠ two sets ุงู„ set ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:10:07,720 --> 00:10:13,960
443
+ ุณุคุงู„ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ list the elements of H ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:10:13,960 --> 00:10:22,520
447
+ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ X ุชุฑุงุจูŠุน ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู„ X ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ D4 ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:10:22,520 --> 00:10:29,700
451
+ ุงู„ 6 ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูƒุจุชู„ K ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ X ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:10:29,700 --> 00:10:39,410
455
+ D4 ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู† Xยฒ is equal to the identity elementูŠุจู‚ู‰
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:39,410 --> 00:10:45,730
459
+ ุงู…ุงู… ุงุญู†ุง ุณุคุงู„ูŠู† ูƒู„ ุณุคุงู„ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุณุจู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุงู†
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:45,730 --> 00:10:53,050
463
+ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ D4 ุงู„ D4 ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุฑ ู†ูˆู„ ูˆ R ุชุณุนูŠู†
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:53,050 --> 00:11:00,750
467
+ ูˆ R ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ูˆ R ู…ุชูŠู† ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ H ูˆ ุงู„ V ูˆ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:11:00,750 --> 00:11:06,240
471
+ ุงู„ D ูˆ ุงู„ D primeูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุชู…ู† ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุจุฏู†ุง
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:11:06,240 --> 00:11:12,160
475
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุญุณุจู„ู‡ ุงู„ุณุช ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† H ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ X ุชุฑุจูŠุน
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:11:12,160 --> 00:11:17,660
479
+ ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู„ X ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ D ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุฎุฏ ุนู†ุตุฑ ู…ู† D4
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:11:17,660 --> 00:11:22,820
483
+ ูˆ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุฃุฑุจุนู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุชุฌ ุฃุญุทู‡ ููŠ ู…ู†ุŸ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณุช ูŠุจู‚ู‰
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:11:22,820 --> 00:11:28,820
487
+ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ H ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุจุฏุฃ ุฃู…ุณูƒ ุฃุฑู†ูˆุฏ ู„ูˆ ุฑุจุนุชู‡
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:11:28,820 --> 00:11:33,670
491
+ ู…ู† ุจูŠุทู„ุนุฃุฑ ู†ูˆุฏ ู†ูุณู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุฑ ู†ูˆุฏ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:11:33,670 --> 00:11:38,970
495
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุจุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุงุฑ ุชุณุนูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุฑุจุนุชู‡ ุดูˆ ุจุทู„ุน ุงุฑ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:11:38,970 --> 00:11:44,850
499
+ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุฑ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุจุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุงุฑ ู…ูŠุฉ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:11:44,850 --> 00:11:49,110
503
+ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุฑุจุนุชู‡ุง ุงุฑ ู†ูˆุฏ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุณูŠุจู‡ุง
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:11:49,110 --> 00:11:53,170
507
+ ุจุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุงุฑ ู…ุชูŠู† ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุฑุจุนุชู‡ุง
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:11:55,600 --> 00:12:01,440
511
+ ุฑ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ 180 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุฑ ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† ุฎู…ุณ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:12:01,440 --> 00:12:05,320
515
+ ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุดูŠู„ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชู„ุช ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:12:05,320 --> 00:12:11,700
519
+ ุณุชูŠู† ุจูŠุถู„ู„ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู…ุงู†
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:12:11,700 --> 00:12:17,260
523
+ ุถุงู„ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุทุจ ุฏู‡ ุฑุงุจุน ุงู„ H ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ identity are
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:12:17,260 --> 00:12:24,210
527
+ not ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุฃุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:12:24,210 --> 00:12:30,050
531
+ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:12:30,050 --> 00:12:30,290
535
+ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:12:30,290 --> 00:12:31,350
539
+ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:12:31,350 --> 00:12:39,570
543
+ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:12:39,570 --> 00:12:45,320
547
+ ุงุฑู†ูˆุงู„ู€ K ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ D4 ู„ู…ุง
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:12:45,320 --> 00:12:49,920
551
+ ุฑุจูŠุนู‡ุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ identity ูƒุชุจู†ุง ู‡ู„ูƒู… ูƒุชุจู†ุง
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:12:49,920 --> 00:12:54,600
555
+ R180 ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุจู‚ุฏุงุด ุจุงู„ identity ูˆ ู„ุงุชุด ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ V
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:12:54,600 --> 00:12:57,120
559
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ D ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ D prime ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ ุจุงู„
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:57,120 --> 00:13:05,960
563
+ identity ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ Kุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:13:05,960 --> 00:13:14,640
567
+ identity ู†ูุณู‡ ุงู„ู€ identity ุงู„ุงุฑ ู†ูˆุช ุงู„ุงุฑ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:13:14,640 --> 00:13:17,800
571
+ ุชุณุนูŠู†
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:13:17,800 --> 00:13:25,130
575
+ ุงู„ุงุฑ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู†ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฑ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:13:25,130 --> 00:13:29,010
579
+ identity ุงู„ุงุฑ ู…ุชูŠู† ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุฑุจุนุชู‡ุง ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:13:29,010 --> 00:13:34,750
583
+ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ H ูˆ ุงู„ V ูˆ ุงู„
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:13:34,750 --> 00:13:39,470
587
+ D ูˆ ุงู„ D prime ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฑุจุนุชู‡ุง ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ู…ูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:13:39,470 --> 00:13:44,150
591
+ identity element ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุณุคุงู„ ุนุดุฑุฉ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:13:44,150 --> 00:13:46,450
595
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงุชู†ุงุด
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:13:50,380 --> 00:13:55,380
599
+ 12 ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ for any integer n greater than or
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:13:55,380 --> 00:13:58,540
603
+ equal to two show that there are at least two
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:58,540 --> 00:14:04,880
607
+ elements in U N such that ุงู„ .. such that ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:14:04,880 --> 00:14:08,960
611
+ satisfy ุงู„ X ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณู…ู‰ main ุงู„ identity
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:14:08,960 --> 00:14:19,680
615
+ element ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู„ U Nุนู†ุงุตุฑู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆูƒุฏุงุด
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:14:19,680 --> 00:14:27,340
619
+ ุงุฎุฑ ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:14:27,340 --> 00:14:38,060
623
+ ููŠ ุงู„ group ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ูŠุจูŠู† ู„ูŠู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ ูŠุญู‚ู‚
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:14:38,060 --> 00:14:43,780
627
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู‚ู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุญู‚ู‚ูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ X ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:14:43,780 --> 00:14:49,880
631
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑุงู„ู€ identity element ุทุจุนุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู‚ู„
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:14:49,880 --> 00:14:53,400
635
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:14:53,400 --> 00:14:57,540
639
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุณุชุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุขุฎุฑู‡ ุชู…ุงู… ุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:14:57,540 --> 00:15:03,760
643
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุดูˆู ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ group ููŠู‡ุง two elements ู„ูˆ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:15:03,760 --> 00:15:09,300
647
+ ุฑุจุนุชู‡ู… ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ identity element ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:15:09,300 --> 00:15:12,220
651
+ ู…ุฑุจุน ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:15:17,630 --> 00:15:23,590
655
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุงุฏุนู‰ ุงู† ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุญู‚ู‚ูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ x
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:15:23,590 --> 00:15:30,610
659
+ ุชุฑุจูŠู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ุณุช ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู† ู†ุงู‚ุต
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:15:30,610 --> 00:15:34,930
663
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุบูŠุฑู‡ู… ู‡ู‡ ุจุณ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:15:34,930 --> 00:15:39,680
667
+ ุงุซุจุช ุงู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ู‡ุฐูˆู„
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:15:39,680 --> 00:15:45,240
671
+ ู„ูŠุด because ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู† ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญู‚ูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:15:45,240 --> 00:15:51,660
675
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ it's ุงู„ and ุงู† ู†ุงู‚ุต
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:15:51,660 --> 00:15:55,260
679
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ identity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:15:55,260 --> 00:16:01,880
683
+ ู…ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุฑุจุนุชู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู† ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:16:01,880 --> 00:16:09,990
687
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู† ุฒุงุฆุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูƒู„ู‡ ุงูŠู‡ูƒู„ู‡ ู…ุถูŠูˆู„ู‡ in
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:16:09,990 --> 00:16:15,870
691
+ ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ in ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุดูŠู„ู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐูŠ in ุชุฑุจูŠู‡
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:16:15,870 --> 00:16:22,210
695
+ ุจุงุนุชุจุงุฑู‡ุง ู‚ุฏุงุด zero ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† in ูƒู…ุงู† zero ู„ุฅู† ูƒู„
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:16:22,210 --> 00:16:27,350
699
+ in ุจุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ุชุญุฐูู‡ุง ูˆู…ุถุนูู‡ุง ุชู‚ุฏุฑุด ุจูŠุถู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจูŠุถู„
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:16:27,350 --> 00:16:32,730
703
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู‡ู…
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:16:32,730 --> 00:16:40,930
707
+ ุงู„ู„ุฐุงู† ูŠุญู‚ู‚ุงู†ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุณุคุงู„ ุงุชู†ุงุด ุจุนุฏู‡
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:16:40,930 --> 00:16:47,750
711
+ ุจุฑูˆุญ ู„ุณุคุงู„ ุณุจุนุชุงุด ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒ ุณุคุงู„ ุณุจุนุชุงุด ู†ู…ุณุญ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:16:47,750 --> 00:16:48,190
715
+ ู‡ุฐู‡
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:17:03,160 --> 00:17:08,180
719
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุณุจุนุชุงุดุฑ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠุงุชูŠ ุงู† ุฌูŠ ุฃุจูŠู„ูŠุงู† if
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:17:08,180 --> 00:17:16,600
723
+ and only if ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุณุจุนุชุงุดุฑ ุฌูŠ ุฃุจูŠู„ูŠุงู† if and
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:17:16,600 --> 00:17:24,880
727
+ only if ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ a b ุงู„ูƒู„ inverse ุงู„ a b ุงู„ูƒู„
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:17:24,880 --> 00:17:30,940
731
+ inverse ุจุฏู‡ ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ a inverse
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:17:43,130 --> 00:17:48,900
735
+ ุงู„ุจุฑู‡ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ูŠู†ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุงูˆู„
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:17:48,900 --> 00:17:55,460
739
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฌูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงูุฑุถ ุงู† ุงู„ g .. ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ assume ..
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:17:55,460 --> 00:18:01,160
743
+ assume that ุงู† ุงู„ g is abelian
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:18:05,580 --> 00:18:10,120
747
+ ู…ุฏุงู… ุงุจูŠู„ูŠุงู† ุจุฏูŠ ุงุซุจุช ุงูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ุงุซุจุช ุงู†ู‡ a b ู„ูƒู„
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:18:10,120 --> 00:18:14,320
751
+ inverse ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณูˆูŠ a inverse b inverse ู„ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:18:14,320 --> 00:18:19,860
755
+ ุงุซุจุชู†ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุงู† ุงู„ a b ู„ูƒู„ inverse ูŠุณูˆูŠ b inverse
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:18:19,860 --> 00:18:25,120
759
+ a inverse ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงู„ a b
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:18:25,120 --> 00:18:32,620
763
+ inverse ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ b inverse a inverse ู…ุธุจูˆุท
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:18:33,120 --> 00:18:37,640
767
+ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠุด ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ ุฌูŠ ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุจุฏู„ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:18:37,640 --> 00:18:41,800
771
+ ุงู†ุง ุนุงูŠุฒู‡ ู…ุงู„ูˆุด ูƒู„ุงู… ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:18:41,800 --> 00:18:48,580
775
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ A inverse B inverse ู„ูŠุดุŸ because ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู† ุงู„
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:18:48,580 --> 00:18:57,180
779
+ G is abelian ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุซุจุชู†ุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจุฏู‡ ุงุฑูˆุญ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:18:57,180 --> 00:19:00,800
783
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:19:07,570 --> 00:19:14,170
787
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฌูŠุจ ุงู‚ูˆู„ู‡ conversely assume
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:19:14,170 --> 00:19:23,850
791
+ ุงูุชุฑุถ ุงู† ุงู„ a b ู„ูƒู„ inverse ุจุฏูŠ ุณูˆู‰ a inverse b
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:19:23,850 --> 00:19:32,150
795
+ inverse ุจุฏูŠ ุงุซุจุชู„ู‡ ุงูŠุด ู„ูŠู‡ ู‚ุงุจู„ู‡ ุทูŠุจ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„ู‡
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:19:32,150 --> 00:19:38,940
799
+ consider ุฎุฏู„ูŠูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ A ููŠ B ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:19:38,940 --> 00:19:46,280
803
+ ุจูŠ ููŠ A ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ A ูˆ B ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ G consider A
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:19:46,280 --> 00:19:59,180
807
+ ูˆ B any elements ุฃูŠ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ in G ุทูŠุจ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:19:59,180 --> 00:20:08,620
811
+ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ A ุจูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ inverseุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ุจุฏู‡
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:20:08,620 --> 00:20:16,640
815
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ A inverse B inverse ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฑูˆุญุช ุถุฑุจุช ููŠ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:20:16,640 --> 00:20:26,880
819
+ ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ููŠ BA ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุงุฑ BA ููŠ ุงู„ A B
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:20:26,880 --> 00:20:36,520
823
+ inverse ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ B ููŠ AููŠ ุงู„ A inverse ููŠ ุงู„ B
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:20:36,520 --> 00:20:42,120
827
+ inverse ุถุฑุจุช ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ B ุฅูŠู‡
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:20:42,120 --> 00:20:47,920
831
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู„ุงุฒู…ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏูˆุด ุฃุชู„ุงุนุจ ููŠู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฏููŠ ู‡ุฏู‰
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:20:47,920 --> 00:20:55,140
835
+ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏู‰ B E B inverse ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณูˆู‰ B
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:20:55,140 --> 00:21:00,520
839
+ B inverse ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ identity ุทุจ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุฎู„ูƒ ููŠ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:21:00,520 --> 00:21:07,210
843
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ A BูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ููŠ A B ุฅุฐุง
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:21:07,210 --> 00:21:17,090
847
+ ุถุฑุจุช ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ููŠ A B ุจุตูŠุฑ B A ููŠ A B Inverse ููŠ A B
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:21:17,090 --> 00:21:24,230
851
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ E ููŠ ุงู„ A BูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ู…ูƒุชุณุจุงุช
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:21:24,230 --> 00:21:29,170
855
+ ูˆุทู†ูŠุฉ ุญูุธู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุงู„ุนุจู†ุงุด ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ุงุดู„ุฌ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:21:29,170 --> 00:21:34,490
859
+ ููŠู‡ุง a ูˆ b ูุงุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ element a
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:21:34,490 --> 00:21:40,590
863
+ ูˆ b ุทุจ ุงูŠู‡ ุฑุฃูŠูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุงุŸู…ุด ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:21:40,590 --> 00:21:46,810
867
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจู‡ู…ุง ุจุงู„ identity element ูŠุจู‚ู‰
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:21:46,810 --> 00:21:53,510
871
+ ุงู„ุณุนุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจ ููŠ a ููŠ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู„ identity element ุจุฏูŠ ุณูˆู‰
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:21:53,510 --> 00:21:59,490
875
+ ุงู„ identity element ููŠ a,b ุทุจ ุงู„ identity element
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:21:59,490 --> 00:22:04,330
879
+ ู„ู…ุง ุชุถุฑุจ ููŠ ุฃูŠ element ุชุทู„ุน ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ element ูŠุจู‚ู‰
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:22:04,330 --> 00:22:13,590
883
+ b ููŠ a ุจุฏูŠ ุณูˆู‰ a ููŠ bููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‚ูŠูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุง ูˆ ุจุŸ ุงูŠ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:22:13,590 --> 00:22:17,630
887
+ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠ ุฌูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุงู„ู‡ุงุŸ ุฌูŠ is abelian
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:22:17,630 --> 00:22:24,150
891
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุณุง ุฌูŠ is abelian
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:22:29,980 --> 00:22:39,120
895
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุณุคุงู„ ุณุจุนุชุงุด ุณุคุงู„ ุณุคุงู„ ุณุคุงู„ ุชู…ุงู†ุชุงุด ู‡ุฐุง ุญู„ู†ุงู‡
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:22:39,120 --> 00:22:44,740
899
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ ูƒู…ุซุงู„ ุทูŠุจ ุณุคุงู„ ุชุณุนุชุงุด ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:22:44,740 --> 00:22:51,420
903
+ ู„ุฃูŠ element a ูˆ b ู…ู† group G and any integer n
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:22:51,420 --> 00:22:57,390
907
+ prove thatุซู… ุงุซุจุช ุงู†
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:22:57,390 --> 00:23:06,910
911
+ ุงู„ a inverse b a to
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:23:06,910 --> 00:23:17,230
915
+ the power n ูŠุณูˆู‰ a inverse b in a ูˆ ุงู„ n ู‡ุฏุง is an
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:23:17,230 --> 00:23:17,950
919
+ integer
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:23:20,710 --> 00:23:26,430
923
+ ู‚ุงู„ ูŠุซุจุช ุงู† ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠู† ุญุฏ ููŠูƒูˆุง ุญู„ ู‡ุฐุง
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:23:26,430 --> 00:23:33,050
927
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ุŸ ูˆ ู„ูˆ ู†ุต ุญู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ induction ุจุณ ุงู„
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:23:33,050 --> 00:23:40,680
931
+ induction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชุนู„ู…ู†ุงู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุตุญุŸุณูƒุช
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:23:40,680 --> 00:23:45,380
935
+ ุงู„ุดุนูˆุฑ ู…ุด ุดูƒุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุฏุฆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ induction ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:23:45,380 --> 00:23:49,900
939
+ ุนุฏุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ูˆุฌู‡ ุทูŠุจ ู†ุดูˆู ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:23:49,900 --> 00:23:53,580
943
+ induction ูˆ ู†ุดูˆู ู‡ู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุจุณ ู‡ู†ุง
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:23:53,580 --> 00:23:58,110
947
+ ุฌุงู„ูŠ ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ ุชุญุณุจู‡ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:23:58,110 --> 00:24:01,790
951
+ ูˆุงู„ุตูุฑ ููŠ ุงุญุฏ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู„ุงู…ูƒ ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ n
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:24:01,790 --> 00:24:06,230
955
+ positive integer ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ induction ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุชุจุน
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:24:06,230 --> 00:24:11,750
959
+ ู…ุจุงุฏุฆ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช ูˆุจูˆุตู„ ู„ู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:24:11,750 --> 00:24:20,690
963
+ solution ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ n ุจ zero if ุงู„ n ุชุณุงูˆูŠ zero
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:24:20,690 --> 00:24:26,740
967
+ thenุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ู†ุดูˆู ุงูŠ ุนุฏุฏ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:24:26,740 --> 00:24:33,100
971
+ ู…ุฑููˆุน ู„ู„ู€ O0 ุจูƒุงู… ุจุงู„ identity ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ E ูŠุจู‚ู‰ A
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:24:33,100 --> 00:24:41,490
975
+ inverse ุจ O0 ุจุงู„ identity ููŠ Aู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงูŠุด ุงู† ุงู„ E
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:24:41,490 --> 00:24:46,950
979
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ A inverse A ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ E ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ E
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:24:46,950 --> 00:24:51,290
983
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ statement ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:24:51,290 --> 00:25:02,570
987
+ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู† the statement hold ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:25:02,570 --> 00:25:16,460
991
+ N ุจูˆุงุญุฏ F ุงู„ N ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏthen the statement ุจุฑุถู‡
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:25:16,460 --> 00:25:17,580
995
+ hold ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:25:29,880 --> 00:25:37,560
999
+ ุฃูุชุฑุถ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุนู†ุฏ N ุชุณุงูˆูŠ K ูˆ ุฃุซุจุช ุตุญุชู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏ N
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:25:37,560 --> 00:25:42,860
1003
+ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ K ุฒุงุฆุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุงุฌูŠ ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:25:42,860 --> 00:25:46,880
1007
+ assume that
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:25:47,930 --> 00:25:55,910
1011
+ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ a inverse b a to the power k ุจุฏูŠ ุณูˆู‰ a
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:25:55,910 --> 00:26:05,450
1015
+ inverse b ka ูˆ ุงู„ k ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆ ุงู„ k
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:26:05,450 --> 00:26:14,470
1019
+ integer ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ k integer and ุงู„ k
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:26:14,470 --> 00:26:19,180
1023
+ greater than oneุทูŠุจ ุชู…ุงู…
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:26:22,700 --> 00:26:28,420
1027
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃุซุจุช ุตุญุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุนู†ุฏ ูƒุฒุงูŠุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:26:28,420 --> 00:26:35,520
1031
+ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ consider ุฎุฏู„ูŠ a inverse ba to the power
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:26:35,520 --> 00:26:41,940
1035
+ k plus one ุงู†ุทู„ุน ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ a inverse bk plus one ููŠ a
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:26:41,940 --> 00:26:48,180
1039
+ ุจุตูŠุฑ ูƒู„ุงู…ู†ุง ู…ุนู„ู‡ ุตุญูŠุญ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ a
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:26:48,180 --> 00:26:51,500
1043
+ inverse ba ููŠ k
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:27:00,590 --> 00:27:11,330
1047
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู†ุง ูุงุฑุถู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a inverseb to the
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:27:11,330 --> 00:27:18,790
1051
+ power of k a ููŠ ู…ู† ููŠ ุงู„ a inverse ุจ a ุฌุจุชู‡ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:27:18,790 --> 00:27:25,590
1055
+ from assumption ู…ู† ุงู„ูุฑุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ูุฑุถู‡ ู…ุด ุฌุงูŠุจู‡ ู…ู†
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:27:25,590 --> 00:27:31,650
1059
+ ูƒูŠุณูŠ ุงู†ุง ูุฑุถู‡ ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุตุญูŠุญ ุทูŠุจ ุชุนุงู„ูˆุง ุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ู„ู‡ุฏูˆู„
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:27:31,650 --> 00:27:37,920
1063
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ a ููŠ ุงู„ a inverseุจุงู„ู€ identity
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:27:37,920 --> 00:27:45,020
1067
+ element ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ A inverse ุจูŠ ูƒูŠ ููŠ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:27:45,020 --> 00:27:52,340
1071
+ ุงู„ E ููŠ ุงู„ ุจูŠ A ุงู„ identity element ุงุถุฑุจ ููŠ ุฃูŠ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:27:52,340 --> 00:27:58,100
1075
+ element ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู†ูุณ ุงู„ element ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง A inverse ุจูŠ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:27:58,100 --> 00:28:06,640
1079
+ ูƒูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ ุจูŠ Aุงู„ู€ B ูˆ ุงู„ู€ BK ู…ุด ู‡ู…ุงุฑุง BK plus one
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:28:06,640 --> 00:28:14,540
1083
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง A inverse BK plus one ููŠ ู…ู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ A
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:28:14,540 --> 00:28:20,260
1087
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ statement ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:28:20,260 --> 00:28:28,300
1091
+ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ statement ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง hold ุงูŠุด
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:28:28,300 --> 00:28:29,480
1095
+ ุถุงูŠู‚ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŸ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:28:34,110 --> 00:28:43,270
1099
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ N ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† Zero ูุฃู†ุง
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:28:43,270 --> 00:28:43,990
1103
+ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌุจ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:28:47,900 --> 00:28:53,800
1107
+ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ุงุถุฑุจ ููŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ in ุจุฏู‡ุง
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:28:53,800 --> 00:28:58,780
1111
+ ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ zero ู„ู…ุง ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ in ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ุงุถุฑุจู‡ุง
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:28:58,780 --> 00:29:05,800
1115
+ ููŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ุชุตูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุทูŠุจ ุฎุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:29:05,800 --> 00:29:12,800
1119
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ a inverse b a equal to the power nู„ูˆ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:29:12,800 --> 00:29:17,840
1123
+ ุถุฑุจุช ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ A inverse ุจู€ A to the power
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:29:17,840 --> 00:29:24,940
1127
+ minus ุงู„ N ูƒุฏู‡ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ identityุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:29:24,940 --> 00:29:30,780
1131
+ element ุฃูุณ Zero ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ identity
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:29:30,780 --> 00:29:40,880
1135
+ element ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ A inverseb
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:29:40,880 --> 00:29:48,960
1139
+ a to the power n ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ a inverse b to the
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:29:48,960 --> 00:29:56,540
1143
+ minus n a ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:29:56,540 --> 00:30:02,720
1147
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ identity ุตุญ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ูŠ ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ุบู„ุท
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:30:02,720 --> 00:30:10,950
1151
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญ ู„ูŠุดู„ุฃู† ู†ุงู‚ุต in ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† zero ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู„ู…ุง
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:30:10,950 --> 00:30:14,470
1155
+ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ in ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† zero ุงุซุจุชู†ุง ุงู„ statement ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:30:14,470 --> 00:30:24,910
1159
+ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ this is a true because ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู† ู†ุงู‚ุต in
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:30:24,910 --> 00:30:30,180
1163
+ greater than zero ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุจุฑู‡ู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ููˆู‚ู…ุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:30:30,180 --> 00:30:34,120
1167
+ ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:30:34,120 --> 00:30:39,740
1171
+ ุฑุงูŠูƒุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุถุฑุจ ููŠ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ูˆ ุฃุดูˆู ูˆูŠู†
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:30:39,740 --> 00:30:45,180
1175
+ ุจุชูˆุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช ููŠ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุจุตูŠุฑ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:30:45,180 --> 00:30:52,520
1179
+ a inverse b a to the power n ูุงู‡ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ a
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:30:52,520 --> 00:31:03,570
1183
+ inverse b to the minus nA ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง A ููŠ ุงู„ A inverse
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:31:03,570 --> 00:31:12,350
1187
+ B minus ุงู„ N A inverse ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุทุฑู ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† E ููŠ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:31:12,350 --> 00:31:19,310
1191
+ main ููŠ ุงู„ A inverse B minus ุงู„ one A inverse
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:31:22,020 --> 00:31:27,320
1195
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ูˆุตู„ุช ู„ู‡ุง ุถุฑุจุช ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ููŠ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ู‡ุฐุง
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:31:27,320 --> 00:31:33,020
1199
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:31:33,020 --> 00:31:37,360
1203
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุญุทูŠุช ุงู„ inverse ููˆู‚ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุดูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:31:37,360 --> 00:31:42,440
1207
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ููŠ ู…ุนูƒุณู‡ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ identity element ููŠ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:31:42,440 --> 00:31:48,060
1211
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงุจู„ู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ element ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุจุตูŠุฑ a
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:31:48,060 --> 00:31:56,900
1215
+ inverseุจุฃ ูƒู„ู‡ to the power n ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:31:56,900 --> 00:32:01,680
1219
+ element ููŠ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:32:01,680 --> 00:32:08,720
1223
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง a inverse ุจ ุจ ุณุงู„ุจ n ุตู„ุญ ู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจ ุณุงู„ุจ ู†
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:32:08,720 --> 00:32:17,800
1227
+ ู†ุถุฑุจ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a inverse ุจ ู„ุณุงู„ุจ n a ูƒู„ู‡
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:32:17,800 --> 00:32:18,380
1231
+ inverse
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:32:20,890 --> 00:32:26,990
1235
+ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฑุฌุนู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎุฏู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ุงู…ุด ู„ู…ุง ุงู‚ูˆู„ a b inverse
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:32:26,990 --> 00:32:33,030
1239
+ ุงูŠู‡ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงูŠุด ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุจูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู†ูุฑุณ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:32:33,030 --> 00:32:40,290
1243
+ ู‚ู„ุช a b c inverse ุงูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ c inverse ุจูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:32:40,290 --> 00:32:44,910
1247
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู†ูุฑุณ ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ุทุจู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:32:44,910 --> 00:32:54,410
1251
+ ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู„ูƒู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠุนุทูŠูƒ a inverse ูˆู‡ู†ุง b minus ุงู„ n ูƒู„ู‡
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:32:54,410 --> 00:33:01,570
1255
+ inverse ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ุงู„ู‡ู…ูŠู† a inverse inverse
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:33:04,680 --> 00:33:09,940
1259
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ a inverse ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูŠ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:33:09,940 --> 00:33:15,840
1263
+ ูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุณ ุชุถุฑุจ ููŠ ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุถุฑุจ ู†ุงู‚ุต n ููŠ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:33:15,840 --> 00:33:22,580
1267
+ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุฌุฏูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูˆุณ n ูˆ a inverse inverse ู‡ูŠ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:33:22,580 --> 00:33:28,230
1271
+ ุงู„ element aูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:33:28,230 --> 00:33:36,330
1275
+ ุฅุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู„ู„ูƒู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ู„ zero ูˆ ู„ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:33:36,330 --> 00:33:41,550
1279
+ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู„ any integer ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:33:41,550 --> 00:33:47,210
1283
+ ุญุฏ ุจูŠุญุจ ูŠุณุฃู„ ุฃูŠ ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ู†ุงุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ููƒุฑุชู‡ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:33:47,210 --> 00:33:52,890
1287
+ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ููŠู‡ ู…ุจุงุฏุฆ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:33:52,890 --> 00:33:58,090
1291
+ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ induction ู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:33:58,090 --> 00:34:03,170
1295
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุง ู„ู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุทู„ุนู†ุง ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ููŠ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:34:03,170 --> 00:34:12,620
1299
+ ูƒู„ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุณุคุงู„ ุชุณุนุชุงุดุฑุงู„ุงู† ุจุนุฏ ุชุณุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุนู†ุง
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:34:12,620 --> 00:34:17,400
1303
+ ู…ูŠู† ุนู†ุง ุณุคุงู„ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจ deconstruct K ู„ูŠู‡
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:34:17,400 --> 00:34:22,300
1307
+ ุชุงุจู„ ู„ู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุงุชู†ุงุด ูƒู„ู…ุฉ K ู„ูŠู‡ ุชุงุจู„ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:34:22,300 --> 00:34:26,780
1311
+ ุณุงู…ุนู†ุง ุฌุฏุงุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู†
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:34:26,780 --> 00:34:30,600
1315
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู‡ุงู…ุดุฉ ุงู„ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ุชุจุฏูŠู„ ุงูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ุชุจุฏูŠู„
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:34:30,600 --> 00:34:34,260
1319
+ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุจุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ุงู…ุด ูˆ ุฏู‡
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:34:34,260 --> 00:34:34,900
1323
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ุงู…ุด
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:34:38,020 --> 00:34:45,100
1327
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ non abelian group ู„ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช abelian ุจุฏู„ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:34:45,100 --> 00:34:49,840
1331
+ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุจุณ non abelian ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุฑุชุจ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:34:49,840 --> 00:34:54,480
1335
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู†ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุณุจุงุญุฉ ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ู…ุด
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:34:54,480 --> 00:34:56,920
1339
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ ุนุดุฑูŠู†
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:34:56,920 --> 00:35:02,880
1343
+ ุชุณุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุชู…ู†ุชุงุดุฑ ุงู„ุงุฎุฑูŠู† ู†ุฌูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ุณุคุงู„ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:35:02,880 --> 00:35:08,980
1347
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจุฏูŠ ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุชุจู„ ู„ู„ูŠูˆ ุงุชู…ุงุดุฑูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ U 12
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:35:08,980 --> 00:35:15,340
1351
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุงุตุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:35:15,340 --> 00:35:21,640
1355
+ ุณุงุจุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชุณุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุงุญุฏุงุดุฑ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ K
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:35:21,640 --> 00:35:25,080
1359
+ ู„ูŠ ุงู„ table ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ูˆุดูˆู ูƒูŠู
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:35:25,080 --> 00:35:31,520
1363
+ ุงู„ู†ุชุฌุฉ ูุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุญุท ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:35:31,520 --> 00:35:38,720
1367
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุงุญุฏุงุดุฑ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุงุญุฏุงุดุฑ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:35:38,720 --> 00:35:45,140
1371
+ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุฌุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู‰ ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุดุชุบู„
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:35:45,140 --> 00:35:50,640
1375
+ ุฃูู‚ูŠ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฃุนุจูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:35:50,640 --> 00:36:01,380
1379
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฏู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ module 12ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:36:01,380 --> 00:36:04,280
1383
+ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ุงู†ุชุธุฑู‡ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุนู†ุตุฑ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:36:12,890 --> 00:36:16,810
1387
+ ูƒูŠู ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:36:16,810 --> 00:36:19,910
1391
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ุจุณุจุนุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุฃุญุฏุงุดุฑ ุจุฃุญุฏุงุดุฑุŒ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:36:19,910 --> 00:36:23,990
1395
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุจุนุงุฏ ุฏู‡ ุฑุฃุณูŠุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:36:23,990 --> 00:36:27,690
1399
+ ุจุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ุจุณุจุนุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุฃุญุฏุงุดุฑ ุจุฃุญุฏุงุดุฑุŒ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:36:27,690 --> 00:36:31,350
1403
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ group ุงุจุฏุงู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆู…ูˆู„ ูˆุดู…ุงู„
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:36:31,350 --> 00:36:35,150
1407
+ ู…ุงุชูุฑู‚ุด ุนู†ู†ุงุŒ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู†ุŸ ู‡ูˆ
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:36:35,150 --> 00:36:41,210
1411
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†ุŒ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:36:41,210 --> 00:36:48,370
1415
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸู…ูˆุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆ ุงุชู†ุงุด ุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ุงู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:36:48,370 --> 00:36:54,150
1419
+ ููŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ุจุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ู…ูˆุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆ ุงุชู†ุงุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:36:54,150 --> 00:37:00,210
1423
+ ุงู„ุงุญุฏุงุด ุงู„ุงู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ุงุญุฏุงุด ุจุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ู…ูˆุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:37:00,210 --> 00:37:05,750
1427
+ ุงุญุฏุงุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ ุณุจุนุฉ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุงู…ู…ู†ูˆุน
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:37:05,750 --> 00:37:10,710
1431
+ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ูŠุชูƒุฑุฑ ู…ุฑุชูŠู† ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุท ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:37:10,710 --> 00:37:15,690
1435
+ ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ูŠุชูƒุฑุฑ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุฅู„ุง ู…ุฑุฉ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:37:15,690 --> 00:37:19,850
1439
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู…ุณูƒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุญุฏุงุฌุฑ ุณุจุนุฉ ู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู…ู†
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:37:19,850 --> 00:37:24,530
1443
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุงู„ุขู† ุณุจุนุฉ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ููŠ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:37:24,530 --> 00:37:31,350
1447
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:37:31,350 --> 00:37:34,980
1451
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงุญุฏุงุดุฑุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ ุณุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ุจุชุณุนุฉ ูˆุงุฑุจุนูŠู†
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:37:34,980 --> 00:37:37,880
1455
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ูˆูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุงู†
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:37:37,880 --> 00:37:42,660
1459
+ ูˆุงู†ูŠ ู…ุบู…ุท ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุญุท ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุถุงูŠู„
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:37:42,660 --> 00:37:47,160
1463
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุงุญุฏุงุด ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุงุญุฏุงุด ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:37:47,160 --> 00:37:53,100
1467
+ ูˆุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุงุญุฏุงุด ููŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ุจุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุณุจุนูŠู†
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:37:53,100 --> 00:37:59,780
1471
+ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุณุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุจูŠุทู„ุน
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:37:59,780 --> 00:38:06,160
1475
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูŠุง ุฑุงุฌู„ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุถู„ ุงู„ุบุงูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:38:06,160 --> 00:38:09,520
1479
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ุจุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:38:09,520 --> 00:38:14,000
1483
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุณู…ุนุชู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุทุจู‚ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุนุฏู‡
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:38:14,000 --> 00:38:18,680
1487
+ ูˆู†ุดูˆู ู‡ุฐุง ุณู‡ู„ ุนู„ุดุงู†ู‡ุง ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณู‡ู„ ุงู„ุดุบู„
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:38:18,680 --> 00:38:25,300
1491
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ table ุฌุงู‡ุฒุฉ ุจุณ ุจุงู„ุฑู…ูˆุฒ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:38:25,300 --> 00:38:28,860
1495
+ ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ุชุนุจูˆู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑู…ูˆุฒ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:38:41,310 --> 00:38:47,930
1499
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุณุคุงู„ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:38:47,930 --> 00:39:00,390
1503
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ู…ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ E ูˆ A B C D E ูˆ A B C D ุชู…ุงู… ูˆ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:39:00,390 --> 00:39:06,730
1507
+ ู‚ุณู…ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู‡ูŠู‚ูู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:39:06,730 --> 00:39:21,050
1511
+ E ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง Aูˆ ู‡ู†ุง B ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง C ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง D ูˆ ุฑุงุญ ุฃุจุงู„ูŠ ููŠ
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:39:21,050 --> 00:39:30,110
1515
+ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุญุทู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง E ูˆ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุญุทู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง Bุฌุจุงู„ A ุญุทู„ูŠ B
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:39:30,110 --> 00:39:44,370
1519
+ ูˆุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ B ุญุท C D E C D E C D E ูˆ ุฌุจุงู„ SC ุญุทู„ูŠ D ูˆ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:39:44,370 --> 00:39:52,350
1523
+ ุจุนุฏ C ุญุทู„ูŠ D ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† A ุจูŠู‡ A ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:39:52,350 --> 00:39:55,730
1527
+ ูุฑู‚ ูƒู„ู‡ ูƒูŠูุŸ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:39:57,720 --> 00:40:05,680
1531
+ ููŠ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุชู…ุงู… ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ูƒู„ู‡
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:40:05,680 --> 00:40:09,840
1535
+ ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ูŠุนุจูŠ ู‡ุงู„ูุฑุงุฑ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:40:09,840 --> 00:40:15,840
1539
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุงู„ุงุดูƒุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸู…ุดุงู† ุงู†ู…ูŠุฒ ู…ู†
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:40:15,840 --> 00:40:20,570
1543
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู†ุง ุญุงุจ ุงู„ูุฑุงุฑ ุจู„ูˆู† ุชุงู†ูŠุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:40:20,570 --> 00:40:24,170
1547
+ identity ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช ููŠ ุงูŠ element ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุทู„ุน ู†ูุณ ุงู„
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:40:24,170 --> 00:40:31,810
1551
+ element ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง a,b,c,d ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ู†ุง a,b,c,d
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:40:31,810 --> 00:40:36,650
1555
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุถุงูŠู‚ ู„ุฃู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ุงุช ู‡ู†ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:40:36,650 --> 00:40:41,650
1559
+ ูˆุตู ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ุงุฐุง ุนุจูŠุช ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุตู
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:40:41,650 --> 00:40:46,770
1563
+ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ุชุญุตูŠู„ ุญุตู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุบุงูŠุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุชู…ุงู…
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:40:46,770 --> 00:40:59,300
1567
+ ูƒูŠูุŸุตูุฉ ุชุงู„ุช ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุญูƒูŠ ุจุณ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ุงูŠูˆู‡
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:40:59,300 --> 00:41:05,540
1571
+ ู‡ุงู† ู…ุงู„ู‡ุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุงุญุท ุจูŠู‡ุŸ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุจูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ู‚ุจุถ ู‡ู†ุง
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:41:05,540 --> 00:41:13,160
1575
+ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ุนุจู†ุงู„ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุฌุงู‡ุฒ ุซุงู†ู‰ ุดูˆูŠุฉ
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:41:13,160 --> 00:41:19,760
1579
+ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงูŠู† ุฏูŠุŸ ุฏูŠ ุฏูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุฌุฏุงุดุŸ Cุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุนู…ูˆุฏ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:41:19,760 --> 00:41:25,820
1583
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุฅูŠู‡ ุชู…ุงู… ู…ูŠุฑูŠ ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฑุถู‡
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:41:25,820 --> 00:41:34,040
1587
+ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ุฅูŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุฅูŠู‡ ุชู…ุงู…
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:41:34,040 --> 00:41:39,380
1591
+ ุถุงูŠู„ ุฅูŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุถุงูŠู„ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู† ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู†
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:41:39,380 --> 00:41:45,360
1595
+ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุด
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:41:45,360 --> 00:41:46,060
1599
+ ู‡ุชูƒุฑู‡ ุจุณ
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:41:50,390 --> 00:41:57,910
1603
+ ุทูŠุจ ุฅุฐุง ุญู„ู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุญู„ุช ู‚ุถูŠุชู†ุงุŒ ูƒูŠูุŸ ุฏู‡ ู‚ุทุฑ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:41:57,910 --> 00:42:02,510
1607
+ ู…ุงููŠุด ุญุฏุŒ ุฏู‡ ู‚ุทุฑุŒ ุถุฑุจุŒ ูˆูู‚ ุจุฑุฃุณูŠุŒ ู…ุงู„ูƒ ุฃู†ุชุŸููŠ ุญุฏ
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:42:02,510 --> 00:42:11,750
1611
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู‚ุชุฑุงุญุŸ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ููŠ
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:42:11,750 --> 00:42:16,550
1615
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุฌูŠุช ุงุฎูˆูƒ ุจู‡ู†ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:42:16,550 --> 00:42:21,350
1619
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ู†ุงุŸ
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:42:21,350 --> 00:42:27,470
1623
+ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุญุทุŸ ุฏูŠ ุทุจ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:42:27,470 --> 00:42:31,100
1627
+ ูƒูŠู ู‡ุชุญุทู‡ุงุŸ ูƒูŠูุŸุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:42:31,100 --> 00:42:34,280
1631
+ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:42:34,280 --> 00:42:37,120
1635
+ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:42:37,120 --> 00:42:41,440
1639
+ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:42:41,440 --> 00:42:41,720
1643
+ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:42:41,720 --> 00:42:42,660
1647
+ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:42:42,660 --> 00:42:43,140
1651
+ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:42:43,140 --> 00:42:58,540
1655
+ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุช
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:42:58,920 --> 00:43:08,560
1659
+ ุจ ููŠ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠุฉุŸ ู…ุงู‚ู„ู„ูŠุด ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠุฉุŸ ุฑุฃุณ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:43:08,560 --> 00:43:13,080
1663
+ ู†ู‚ุทุฉุŒ ุฑุฃุณ ุฑู…ุฒุŒ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:43:13,080 --> 00:43:16,280
1667
+ ุฑุฃุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุจุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑ ู…ุงููŠุด ุจ
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:43:21,670 --> 00:43:32,290
1671
+ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ููŠ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ element ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุง
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:43:32,290 --> 00:43:38,970
1675
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุงููŠู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠู‡ ุฑู…ุฒูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุทุจ ุดูˆู ุดุบู„ู‡ุง
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:43:38,970 --> 00:43:44,170
1679
+ ุงู„ุนูุฑุฉ ุดูˆู ุดุบู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุนูุฑุฉ ูŠุง ุฑูŠุงุถูŠู„ ุงูŠู‡ ูˆู‚ูˆู„ ูˆ ุงุฑูŠู†ุง
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:43:44,170 --> 00:43:44,470
1683
+ ุดูˆู
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:43:48,580 --> 00:43:51,900
1687
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ C ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุณุทุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ C
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:43:51,900 --> 00:43:57,120
1691
+ ุฅูŠู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ C ู‚ุตุฏูƒุŸ ู„ุฃ ุบุงุฏ ู‡ุฐุง CุŸ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ C ุทูŠุจ
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:43:57,120 --> 00:44:00,380
1695
+ ูู…ุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ .. ู„ูŠุด ูŠุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ CุŸ ู…ู†ูุนุด ูŠุทู„ุน
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:44:00,380 --> 00:44:05,120
1699
+ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณุทุฑุŒ ู†ูู‡ู… ู…ู†ู‡ุŒ ู†ูู‡ู… ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŒ ู…ู†ูุนุด ูŠุทู„ุน ููŠ
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:44:05,120 --> 00:44:08,680
1703
+ ุงู„ุฌู†ุจู‡ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ููŠ ุฌู‡ุฉ C ุนุดุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆูู‚ู‡ ูˆ ู…ู†ูุนุด
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:44:08,680 --> 00:44:11,180
1707
+ ูŠุทู„ุน ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุช ุนุดุงู† ููŠู‡ ุบุงุฏ C ูุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:44:11,180 --> 00:44:17,540
1711
+ ู…ุฏุชุด ุชุบูŠุฑ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุง ุญุฒูŠุฒูŠ ุงูŠุด ุฑุฃูŠูƒ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู‡ ุชู‚ูˆู„
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:44:17,540 --> 00:44:27,800
1715
+ ู„ูƒ a ููŠ a ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ a ููŠ a ุจ b ุชู…ุงู… ุทูŠุจ ูˆ b
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:44:27,800 --> 00:44:39,760
1719
+ ููŠ b b ููŠ b ุจ d ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ู„ูƒ c ููŠ c c ููŠ c ุจ a
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:44:39,760 --> 00:44:41,960
1723
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:44:43,310 --> 00:44:50,990
1727
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงูŠุด ุฑุฃูŠูƒ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุงุฎุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ููŠ ุจูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ููŠ ุจูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:44:50,990 --> 00:44:55,750
1731
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ุนุงุฑูุฉ ูƒุฏู‡ุด ุทูŠุจ ุจู„ุบุชู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠู‡
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:44:55,750 --> 00:45:04,110
1735
+ ููŠ ุจูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุณุงูˆูŠ c ููŠ c ููŠ a ููŠ a ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:45:04,420 --> 00:45:11,220
1739
+ ู‡ุฐุง A ููŠ B ูŠุจู‚ู‰ C C A A ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:45:11,220 --> 00:45:23,300
1743
+ C C ููŠ A ูŠุจู‚ู‰ C ููŠ A ุงูŠุด ุจุชุทู„ุน D ูŠุจู‚ู‰ C D A ุชู…ุงู…
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:45:23,300 --> 00:45:31,740
1747
+ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุงู„ุงู† D ููŠ A ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ E ูŠุจู‚ู‰ C E
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:45:31,740 --> 00:45:38,890
1751
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจ Cู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุตุงุฑุช ู‡ุฐู‡ C ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:45:38,890 --> 00:45:46,170
1755
+ ุงูŠุด ุตุงุฑุช D ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู†ุญู„ุช ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุตุงุฑ C D E A
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:45:46,170 --> 00:45:54,170
1759
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง B ูˆB C D A ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง A ุดุบู„ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠ ุณู„ูŠู… ูˆู„ุง
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:45:54,170 --> 00:45:58,150
1763
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ููŠู‡ ุงูŠ ุดุบู„ ุงูŠ ุดุบู„ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู…ู†
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:45:58,150 --> 00:46:02,770
1767
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฑูˆุญ ุชุนุจูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู…ู†
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:46:02,770 --> 00:46:09,110
1771
+ ุฎ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุงู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูˆ
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:46:09,110 --> 00:46:15,590
1775
+ ุณุคุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณุคุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠุฃุชูŠ
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:46:15,590 --> 00:46:24,990
1779
+ prove that ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† if ุงู„ a b ู„ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ a
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:46:24,990 --> 00:46:32,840
1783
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน b ุชุฑุจูŠุน thenุงู„ู€ A ููŠ B ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุฏู‡
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:46:32,840 --> 00:46:38,900
1787
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ B ููŠ A ุทุจุนุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ A ููŠ B ุจุฏู‡
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:46:38,900 --> 00:46:44,060
1791
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ B ููŠ A ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:46:44,060 --> 00:46:49,160
1795
+ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุฌุฏุงุŒ ู…ุงู‚ุงู„ู„ูŠุด ุฌูŠ ุฃุจูŠู„ูŠุงู†ุŒ ู„ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูŠ
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:46:49,160 --> 00:46:52,160
1799
+ ุฃุจูŠู„ูŠุงู† ูƒุงู† ู‚ุถูŠุชูŠ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ุฉุŒ ู…ุงู‚ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูŠ ุฃุจูŠู„ูŠุงู†ุŒ ู„ูƒู†
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:46:52,160 --> 00:46:59,080
1803
+ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ consider ุฎูุฏู„ูŠ A ุจูŠ ู„ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏุฃ
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:46:59,080 --> 00:47:07,550
1807
+ ููŠู‡ุงู…ุง ุฏู‡ ู…ุด ab ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a ููŠ b ููŠ a ููŠ b ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:47:07,550 --> 00:47:15,190
1811
+ ู„ุง ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุทูŠุงุช a ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ b ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุดูˆู
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:47:15,190 --> 00:47:20,490
1815
+ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุดุทุจ ุงู„ุฃูŠ ู…ู„ูŠ ุจูŠ ูˆู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุดุทุจ ุงู„ุฃูŠ ุตุงุฑู„ูŠ
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:47:20,490 --> 00:47:26,490
1819
+ a ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ุงุนุทูŠู„ูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุง ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงุฎุฑู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:47:26,490 --> 00:47:30,970
1823
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ููŠ a inverse ูˆุถุฑุจุช ู…ู†
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:47:30,970 --> 00:47:36,090
1827
+ ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ููŠ b inverse ุงูˆ ุงู„ left cancellation
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:47:36,090 --> 00:47:39,970
1831
+ law ูˆ ุงู„ right cancellation law ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุท
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:47:39,970 --> 00:47:46,630
1835
+ ุนุถุทูŠู†ูŠ ุจูŠ ุงูŠ ุจูŠุฒูŠ ุณุงูˆุฉ ู…ู† a ููŠ b ู„ู…ุง ุงุถุฑุจ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ a
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:47:46,630 --> 00:47:51,010
1839
+ inverse ุจุทูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ุจุทูŠุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูู‡ูŠุธู„ ู‡ู†ุง
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:47:51,010 --> 00:47:58,550
1843
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด aุจุชุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณุช ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณุช ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:47:58,550 --> 00:48:04,190
1847
+ ุจูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณุช
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:48:04,190 --> 00:48:06,730
1851
+ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:48:06,730 --> 00:48:07,870
1855
+ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:48:07,870 --> 00:48:13,810
1859
+ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:48:13,810 --> 00:48:20,110
1863
+ ุจ
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:48:22,250 --> 00:48:29,750
1867
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ a xb ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุชู†ู‚ู„ a xb
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:48:29,750 --> 00:48:37,570
1871
+ ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ c xd ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ c xd ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชุทู„ุจ ุงู† ุงู„ a b ุจุฏู‡
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:48:37,570 --> 00:48:43,610
1875
+ ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ c d ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุชุญุช ุงู„ proof that
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:48:43,610 --> 00:48:49,530
1879
+ ุงู„ g is abelian ุงุซุจุช ุงู† ุงู„ g ู‡ุฐู‡ is abelian
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:48:54,000 --> 00:49:01,600
1883
+ ุดูˆ ุจูŠูŠู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุฌู‰ ู‚ุงุจูŠู„ูŠุง ุจูŠุชู„ูŠ
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:49:01,600 --> 00:49:08,400
1887
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุฌู‰ ู‚ุงุจูŠู„ูŠุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงู„ proof ุงู„ุงู†
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:49:08,400 --> 00:49:18,000
1891
+ ุงู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุนู„ู…ูŠู† ู…ุซู„ุงู…ุนุทุจุฉ ู…ุนู†ุง ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง AXB
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:49:18,000 --> 00:49:23,700
1895
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ CXD ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูˆ ุญุตู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงุฐุง
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:49:23,700 --> 00:49:28,920
1899
+ automatic ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุดุทุจ X ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ุงุดุทุจ X ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู†
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:49:28,920 --> 00:49:33,380
1903
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑ ุทุจุนุง ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุง ู„ุฃ ุจุณ ุงู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุง ู„ุฃ
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:49:33,730 --> 00:49:38,110
1907
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒุฅู†ู‡ a ุจูŠุจุฏูˆุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ main CD ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:49:38,110 --> 00:49:45,750
1911
+ ุฃุนุทูŠุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ู a ุจูŠุจุฏูˆุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ CD ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:49:45,750 --> 00:49:49,650
1915
+ ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู†ู‡ g a b ู„ุฅู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู† ุงู„ a ููŠ
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:49:49,650 --> 00:49:54,410
1919
+ b ุจูŠุจุฏูˆุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ b ููŠ a ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ a ูˆ ุงู„ b ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:49:54,410 --> 00:50:00,250
1923
+ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ g ุทุจ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ b ู…ุด ู‡ูˆ b ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:50:03,250 --> 00:50:12,990
1927
+ ุตุญุŸ ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด ุฑุงูŠูƒ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ a a inverse b ู‡ู„
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:50:12,990 --> 00:50:21,130
1931
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ b ููŠ ุงู„ a inverse a ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:50:21,130 --> 00:50:27,110
1935
+ identity ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ identityุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุทุจ ุงุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:50:27,110 --> 00:50:33,110
1939
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุต ู‡ู†ุงูˆุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูู‰ ุงู„ู†ุต ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณู‡
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:50:33,110 --> 00:50:37,950
1943
+ ูˆุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ุชู„ุช ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุงู†ุช ุดุงูŠู ุจูŠุณุงูˆูˆุง ุจุนุถ
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:50:37,950 --> 00:50:43,210
1947
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงู„ assumption ุงูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุทู„ุน a ูู‰ b ุจุฏู‰ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:50:43,210 --> 00:50:51,610
1951
+ b ูู‰ a ูŠุจู‚ู‰ g is abelian ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง from assumption
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:50:51,610 --> 00:50:54,790
1955
+ we
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:50:54,790 --> 00:51:02,250
1959
+ haveุฅู† ุงู„ A ุจูŠุจุฏูŠ ุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ B ุฅูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุทูŠู†ุง ุฅู†
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:51:02,250 --> 00:51:09,530
1963
+ ุงู„ G is abelian ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุชุญุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ู‚ุฏุฑุช ุฃุญูƒู…
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:51:09,530 --> 00:51:13,910
1967
+ ุนู„ู‰ G is abelian ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู„ุฃ ูŠู…ูƒู†
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:51:13,910 --> 00:51:20,510
1971
+ ุฃู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃูˆ ุฃุจูŠู† ุฅู† ุงู„ G ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† abelian
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:51:20,510 --> 00:51:21,330
1975
+ group
1976
+
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PL9fwy3NUQKwZKOpj354PRgwYPWWgxchnI/6-VZH90aeqE_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2004 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,240 --> 00:00:24,560
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:24,560 --> 00:00:29,220
7
+ ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุณุจู‚ุช ุฏุฑุงุณุชู‡ ููŠ chapter ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:29,220 --> 00:00:33,580
11
+ chapter ุงู„ groups ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:33,580 --> 00:00:37,480
15
+ ุงู„ุทู„ุจู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุชุช ุงุชุญู„ูˆู‡ุง ูˆ ุจู†ุชูˆู‚ู ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:37,480 --> 00:00:42,160
19
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:42,160 --> 00:00:46,040
23
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุชู„ูŠ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:46,040 --> 00:00:50,430
27
+ ุณุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ general linear group
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:50,430 --> 00:00:55,530
31
+ of two by two matrices over z ุฏู‚ ุงุญุฏุงุด ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:55,530 --> 00:01:03,290
35
+ ุตุฑุงุจุช ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:03,290 --> 00:01:08,090
39
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฏู‡ ุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชุทู„ุน ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:08,090 --> 00:01:14,630
43
+ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ู‰
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:14,630 --> 00:01:20,210
47
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:21,940 --> 00:01:25,940
51
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุตุบูˆูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:25,940 --> 00:01:31,140
55
+ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุตุบูˆูุฉ ู…ุดุงู† ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุตุบูˆูุฉ ุทุจุนุง
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:31,140 --> 00:01:35,860
59
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ z ุฏูŠ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:35,860 --> 00:01:40,000
63
+ ุงุญุฏุงุดุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุชุฃูƒุฏ ุงู† ู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:40,000 --> 00:01:45,610
67
+ ูุจุฑูˆุญ ุจุฌูŠุจ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุชุจุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุตุบูˆูุฉูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:45,610 --> 00:01:51,930
71
+ ุงุฎุฏุชู„ู‡ุง determinant ู„ุฃุชู†ูŠู† ุณุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณูˆู‰
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:51,930 --> 00:01:58,350
75
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจุนุงุดุฑุฉ ูˆุณุชุฉ ููŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:58,350 --> 00:02:07,440
79
+ ุจุชู…ู†ุชุงุด ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… module 11ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:07,440 --> 00:02:14,000
83
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูˆุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆู† ุงุญุฏุงุดุฑ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏูŠุด ุญุงุฌุฉ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:14,000 --> 00:02:18,700
87
+ ุงุณู…ุฉ ุณุงู„ูุฉ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุจุงุถูŠู ุงุญุฏุงุดุฑ ู„ุณู„ุจ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุตูŠุฑ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:18,700 --> 00:02:24,800
91
+ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ู‚ุฏุงุดุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุฅุฐุง ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุง
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:24,800 --> 00:02:31,140
95
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Zero ุฅุฐุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ A ุงู„ู…ุตูˆู ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู‡ุง ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„ุขู†
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:31,140 --> 00:02:34,460
99
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู€ General Linear
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:34,460 --> 00:02:40,960
103
+ Group of 2x2 matrices over R ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:40,960 --> 00:02:45,500
107
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ A ุจุบูŠุฑ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุจุนุถู‡
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:45,500 --> 00:02:51,560
111
+ ุจุบูŠุฑ ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู„ูˆ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:51,560 --> 00:02:57,680
115
+ ุฌูŠุช ุณู…ูŠุช ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„ู‡ a inverse ุจุฏู‡
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:57,680 --> 00:03:05,080
119
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู„ุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ุฃูŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุงู„ุจ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:05,080 --> 00:03:13,670
123
+ ุณุชุฉ ุณุงู„ุจ ุชู„ุชุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุชู„ุช ููŠุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ู…ุงุนู†ุฏูŠุด ุณู„ุจ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:13,670 --> 00:03:16,950
127
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุณู„ุจ ุณุชุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฑูˆุญ ูˆ ุจุถูŠู ู„ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ู…
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:16,950 --> 00:03:22,410
131
+ ุฌุฏุงุด ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ 11 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:22,410 --> 00:03:27,370
135
+ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุงุถูุช 11 ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฏุงุด ูƒู…ุงู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุงุถูุช
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:27,370 --> 00:03:35,520
139
+ 11 ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู†ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู…ูˆุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆ 11
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:35,520 --> 00:03:39,480
143
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ูˆุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆ 11 ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูˆุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆ 11 ุงุชู†ูŠู†
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:39,480 --> 00:03:44,340
147
+ ู…ูˆุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆ 11 ู‡ู„ ุงุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุชู„ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูˆุง
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:47,100 --> 00:03:51,760
151
+ ุจุชุจุทู„ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฒุฏ ุงุญุฏุงุดูŠุŒ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ุด ุตุญูŠุญ ุทูŠุจ ุฅุฐุง ุดูˆ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:51,760 --> 00:03:57,200
155
+ ู†ุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ุฌูˆุฉ ุฃุถูู„ู‡ุง ู…ุถุงุนูุงุช ุงุญุฏุงุดุฑ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:57,200 --> 00:04:01,420
159
+ ุจุญูŠุซ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ู… ูŠู‚ุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:04:01,420 --> 00:04:06,600
163
+ ูƒู„ุงู…ู†ุง ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ู„ุช what ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:06,600 --> 00:04:13,320
167
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑุงูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตู…ูˆูุฉ ู„ุงู† ุฃุญุฏุงุดุฑ ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:13,320 --> 00:04:18,120
171
+ ุนุดุฑ ุชู‚ุณู…ู‡ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุฃ ูƒู…ุงู† ุฃุญุฏุงุดุฑ ูˆุณุชุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุณุจุนุฉ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:18,120 --> 00:04:23,640
175
+ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุชู‚ุณู… ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุงุช
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:23,640 --> 00:04:30,020
179
+ ูƒุงูุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ุถูŠ ุงู„ุฃุญุฏุงุดุฑ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:30,020 --> 00:04:34,760
183
+ ุฒูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ุถูŠ ุงู„ุฃุญุฏุงุดุฑ ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:34,760 --> 00:04:42,210
187
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุงุดุฑ ุชุณุนุฉ ุนุดุฑุชุณุนุฉ ุทุงุด ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุงุญุฏุงุด ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุงู‡
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:42,210 --> 00:04:48,470
191
+ ุชู‚ุณู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุญุฏุงุด ุชู„ุงุชุงุด
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:48,470 --> 00:04:54,770
195
+ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุงุญุฏุงุด ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุชู‚ุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:54,770 --> 00:05:01,430
199
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตุงุฑุช ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุชุณุนุฉ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:05:01,430 --> 00:05:08,130
203
+ ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:08,790 --> 00:05:14,450
207
+ ู„ุงุญุธ ุงู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุนู„ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ุชูŠ ุญุตู„ู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชุณุนุฉ ุชุณุนุฉ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:14,450 --> 00:05:21,230
211
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ Z11 ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ Z11
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:21,230 --> 00:05:27,030
215
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏูƒ ุชุชุฃูƒุฏ ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุตุญูŠุญ ูุนู„ุง ู‡ุฐูŠ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:27,030 --> 00:05:31,170
219
+ ู„ู‡ุง ุฏูŠุด ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุถุฑุจ ูˆ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ module 11
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:31,170 --> 00:05:36,520
223
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅู„ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฑุจุฑุงุญุชูƒ ุชุถุฑุจ ุงู„ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:36,520 --> 00:05:42,400
227
+ a a inverse ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:42,400 --> 00:05:48,000
231
+ ููŠ ู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุชุณุนุฉ ุชุณุนุฉ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุฑุงุญุชูƒ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:48,000 --> 00:05:53,420
235
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุทู„ุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒูŠุฑูˆ ุฒูŠุฑูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ู„ุง ุจุตูŠุฑ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:53,420 --> 00:05:57,900
239
+ ูƒู„ุงู…ู†ุง ู…ุนู„ู‡ ู…ุด ุตุญูŠุญ ุทุจ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฑ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:57,900 --> 00:06:02,210
243
+ ุจุนู…ู„ูƒ ุจุณ ุงูˆู„ termูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏู‰
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:06:02,210 --> 00:06:07,350
247
+ ุงุถุฑุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุชุณุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ุชุงุด ุชู…ุงู†ุชุงุด ูˆุณุชุฉ ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:06:07,350 --> 00:06:13,590
251
+ ุจุณุชูŠู† ูˆุชู…ุงู†ุชุงุด ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† ุจู†ุดูŠู„ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงุญุฏุงุด
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:13,590 --> 00:06:17,130
255
+ ุงุญุฏุงุด ููŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ุจุณุจุนุฉ ุจุณุจุนูŠู† ูƒุฏู‡ ุงุด ู…ุถุงู„ ุฎู„ุงุต ู†ู‡ูŠ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:17,130 --> 00:06:21,050
259
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆู‡ุง ูƒุฏู‡ ุนู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุดููˆูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆู„ุง
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:21,050 --> 00:06:26,030
263
+ ุฎู„ุงุต ุฎู„ุงุตู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ุตุนุจ ู‡ุฐุงุณุคุงู„ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุณุคุงู„
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:26,030 --> 00:06:32,690
267
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุคุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุณุคุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠุด give an example of
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:32,690 --> 00:06:38,270
271
+ a group elements a ูˆ b with property that ุงู† ุงู„ a
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:38,270 --> 00:06:44,320
275
+ inverse b a ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ bุดูˆู ูŠุง ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:44,320 --> 00:06:48,840
279
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† are the same ุจุตุฑุงุญุฉ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:48,840 --> 00:06:55,160
283
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุตุบุจ ุตูŠุบุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู‚ุงู„ูƒ ุจูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณุช ุจูŠ ุงูŠ ู„ุง
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:55,160 --> 00:07:01,200
287
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุจูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ู‚ุงู„ูƒ ุจูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณุช ุงูŠ ุจูŠ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:07:01,200 --> 00:07:07,680
291
+ ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุจูŠ ุทุจ ุงู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช ููŠ ุจูŠ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:07:07,680 --> 00:07:13,440
295
+ ุถุฑุจุช ููŠ ุจูŠ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ุจุฅู†ูุฑุณุช ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:13,440 --> 00:07:18,680
299
+ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:18,680 --> 00:07:21,040
303
+ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:21,040 --> 00:07:23,600
307
+ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:23,600 --> 00:07:23,740
311
+ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:23,740 --> 00:07:26,580
315
+ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:26,580 --> 00:07:36,000
319
+ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:38,610 --> 00:07:43,530
323
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุชู„ูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ ู„ group ุจุญูŠุซ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู†
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:43,530 --> 00:07:47,910
327
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุถุฑุจุช ุงู„ b ููŠ a ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ a ููŠ b ู†ูุณ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:47,910 --> 00:07:52,390
331
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชุจุน ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุฌุงู„ูƒ ู‡ุงุชู„ูŠ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:52,390 --> 00:07:57,390
335
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ู„ non appealing group ุงูˆ ู„ group ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู„ a ููŠ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:57,390 --> 00:08:02,050
339
+ b ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ b ููŠ a ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุณุชุฉ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:08:02,050 --> 00:08:10,460
343
+ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุชู…ุงู…ุงุทูŠุจ ู…ูŠู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ non abelian groupุŸ ุญุฏ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:08:10,460 --> 00:08:15,220
347
+ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุฌูŠุจู„ูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ุŸ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ุฌุฏุงุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ general
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:15,220 --> 00:08:19,040
351
+ linear group of two by two matrices over R ุฃุจุณุท
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:19,040 --> 00:08:27,410
355
+ ู…ุซู„ุŒ ู†ุนุทูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุซู„ ุขุฎุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุŸ ู†ุนุทูŠุŸ D4ูŠุจู‚ู‰ D4 ู…ุซุงู„
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:27,410 --> 00:08:30,650
359
+ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ู…ุนุงูƒ ูˆ ุงู„ general linear group ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุซุงู„
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:30,650 --> 00:08:35,790
363
+ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ูƒูู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจูƒู ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงุนุทูŠู†ุงูƒ ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:35,790 --> 00:08:42,490
367
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู†ุฏูƒ D4 ุงูˆ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:42,490 --> 00:08:45,950
371
+ general linear group of two by two matrices over R
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:45,950 --> 00:08:51,540
375
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ู…ุตุทูุงุช ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠุฉุŸู„ุฃ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ D4 ู‡ู„
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:51,540 --> 00:08:56,240
379
+ ู‡ูŠ abelian ุทุจุนุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู…ุณูƒ ุงูŠ ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู† ู‡ุงุช ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุซู„ุง
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:56,240 --> 00:08:59,240
383
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ rotation ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ inflection ูˆุถุฑุจู‡ู… ููŠ ุจุนุถ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:59,240 --> 00:09:02,820
387
+ ูˆ ุงุฌู„ุจ ุทุจุนุง ุญุณุจู†ุง ู…ุนุงูƒูˆุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ A ููŠ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:09:02,820 --> 00:09:06,580
391
+ B ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆ ุณูˆู‰ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ B ููŠ A ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:09:06,580 --> 00:09:11,600
395
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:11,600 --> 00:09:15,260
399
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ุงุนุฏุงุฏ ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ู…ุด ููŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุทุจ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:15,260 --> 00:09:21,460
403
+ identity elementุŸุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ ุณุคุงู„ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:21,460 --> 00:09:25,340
407
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ identity element ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงุถุฑุจ ุงูŠ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:25,340 --> 00:09:30,580
411
+ element ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุชุงุดุฑ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:30,580 --> 00:09:36,160
415
+ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ element ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆูŠุจู‚ู‰
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:36,160 --> 00:09:40,860
419
+ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ identity element ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุญู†ุง
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:40,860 --> 00:09:43,880
423
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุชุงุดุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:43,880 --> 00:09:48,720
427
+ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุงุฑุจุน ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ู… ู‡ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:48,720 --> 00:09:53,080
431
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุทุจุนุง modulo ุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:53,080 --> 00:09:58,340
435
+ ู…ุงุดูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ุทูŠุจ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ุณุคุงู„
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:58,340 --> 00:10:05,340
439
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุนุดุฑุฉ ุณุคุงู„ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ุงุทูŠู†ูŠ two sets ุงู„ set ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:10:07,720 --> 00:10:13,960
443
+ ุณุคุงู„ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ list the elements of H ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:10:13,960 --> 00:10:22,520
447
+ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ X ุชุฑุงุจูŠุน ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู„ X ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ D4 ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:10:22,520 --> 00:10:29,700
451
+ ุงู„ 6 ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูƒุจุชู„ K ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ X ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:10:29,700 --> 00:10:39,410
455
+ D4 ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู† Xยฒ is equal to the identity elementูŠุจู‚ู‰
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:39,410 --> 00:10:45,730
459
+ ุงู…ุงู… ุงุญู†ุง ุณุคุงู„ูŠู† ูƒู„ ุณุคุงู„ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุณุจู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุงู†
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:45,730 --> 00:10:53,050
463
+ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ D4 ุงู„ D4 ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุฑ ู†ูˆู„ ูˆ R ุชุณุนูŠู†
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:53,050 --> 00:11:00,750
467
+ ูˆ R ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ูˆ R ู…ุชูŠู† ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ H ูˆ ุงู„ V ูˆ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:11:00,750 --> 00:11:06,240
471
+ ุงู„ D ูˆ ุงู„ D primeูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุชู…ู† ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุจุฏู†ุง
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:11:06,240 --> 00:11:12,160
475
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุญุณุจู„ู‡ ุงู„ุณุช ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† H ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ X ุชุฑุจูŠุน
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:11:12,160 --> 00:11:17,660
479
+ ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู„ X ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ D ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุฎุฏ ุนู†ุตุฑ ู…ู† D4
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:11:17,660 --> 00:11:22,820
483
+ ูˆ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุฃุฑุจุนู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุชุฌ ุฃุญุทู‡ ููŠ ู…ู†ุŸ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณุช ูŠุจู‚ู‰
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:11:22,820 --> 00:11:28,820
487
+ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ H ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุจุฏุฃ ุฃู…ุณูƒ ุฃุฑู†ูˆุฏ ู„ูˆ ุฑุจุนุชู‡
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:11:28,820 --> 00:11:33,670
491
+ ู…ู† ุจูŠุทู„ุนุฃุฑ ู†ูˆุฏ ู†ูุณู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุฑ ู†ูˆุฏ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:11:33,670 --> 00:11:38,970
495
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุจุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุงุฑ ุชุณุนูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุฑุจุนุชู‡ ุดูˆ ุจุทู„ุน ุงุฑ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:11:38,970 --> 00:11:44,850
499
+ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุฑ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุจุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุงุฑ ู…ูŠุฉ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:11:44,850 --> 00:11:49,110
503
+ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุฑุจุนุชู‡ุง ุงุฑ ู†ูˆุฏ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุณูŠุจู‡ุง
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:11:49,110 --> 00:11:53,170
507
+ ุจุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุงุฑ ู…ุชูŠู† ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุฑุจุนุชู‡ุง
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:11:55,600 --> 00:12:01,440
511
+ ุฑ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ 180 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุฑ ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† ุฎู…ุณ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:12:01,440 --> 00:12:05,320
515
+ ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุดูŠู„ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชู„ุช ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:12:05,320 --> 00:12:11,700
519
+ ุณุชูŠู† ุจูŠุถู„ู„ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู…ุงู†
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:12:11,700 --> 00:12:17,260
523
+ ุถุงู„ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุทุจ ุฏู‡ ุฑุงุจุน ุงู„ H ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ identity are
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:12:17,260 --> 00:12:24,210
527
+ not ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุฃุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:12:24,210 --> 00:12:30,050
531
+ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:12:30,050 --> 00:12:30,050
535
+ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:12:30,050 --> 00:12:30,290
539
+ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:12:30,290 --> 00:12:31,350
543
+ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:12:31,350 --> 00:12:39,570
547
+ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ ุงุฑู†ูˆุฏ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:12:39,570 --> 00:12:45,320
551
+ ุงุฑู†ูˆุงู„ู€ K ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ D4 ู„ู…ุง
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:12:45,320 --> 00:12:49,920
555
+ ุฑุจูŠุนู‡ุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ identity ูƒุชุจู†ุง ู‡ู„ูƒู… ูƒุชุจู†ุง
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:12:49,920 --> 00:12:54,600
559
+ R180 ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุจู‚ุฏุงุด ุจุงู„ identity ูˆ ู„ุงุชุด ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ V
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:54,600 --> 00:12:57,120
563
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ D ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ D prime ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ ุจุงู„
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:57,120 --> 00:13:05,960
567
+ identity ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ Kุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:13:05,960 --> 00:13:14,640
571
+ identity ู†ูุณู‡ ุงู„ู€ identity ุงู„ุงุฑ ู†ูˆุช ุงู„ุงุฑ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:13:14,640 --> 00:13:17,800
575
+ ุชุณุนูŠู†
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:13:17,800 --> 00:13:25,130
579
+ ุงู„ุงุฑ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู†ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฑ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:13:25,130 --> 00:13:29,010
583
+ identity ุงู„ุงุฑ ู…ุชูŠู† ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุฑุจุนุชู‡ุง ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:13:29,010 --> 00:13:34,750
587
+ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ H ูˆ ุงู„ V ูˆ ุงู„
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:13:34,750 --> 00:13:39,470
591
+ D ูˆ ุงู„ D prime ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฑุจุนุชู‡ุง ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ู…ูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:13:39,470 --> 00:13:44,150
595
+ identity element ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุณุคุงู„ ุนุดุฑุฉ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:13:44,150 --> 00:13:46,450
599
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงุชู†ุงุด
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:13:50,380 --> 00:13:55,380
603
+ 12 ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ for any integer n greater than or
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:55,380 --> 00:13:58,540
607
+ equal to two show that there are at least two
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:58,540 --> 00:14:04,880
611
+ elements in U N such that ุงู„ .. such that ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:14:04,880 --> 00:14:08,960
615
+ satisfy ุงู„ X ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณู…ู‰ main ุงู„ identity
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:14:08,960 --> 00:14:19,680
619
+ element ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู„ U Nุนู†ุงุตุฑู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆูƒุฏุงุด
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:14:19,680 --> 00:14:27,340
623
+ ุงุฎุฑ ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:14:27,340 --> 00:14:38,060
627
+ ููŠ ุงู„ group ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ูŠุจูŠู† ู„ูŠู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ ูŠุญู‚ู‚
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:14:38,060 --> 00:14:43,780
631
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู‚ู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุญู‚ู‚ูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ X ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:14:43,780 --> 00:14:49,880
635
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑุงู„ู€ identity element ุทุจุนุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู‚ู„
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:14:49,880 --> 00:14:53,400
639
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:14:53,400 --> 00:14:57,540
643
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุณุชุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุขุฎุฑู‡ ุชู…ุงู… ุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:14:57,540 --> 00:15:03,760
647
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุดูˆู ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ group ููŠู‡ุง two elements ู„ูˆ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:15:03,760 --> 00:15:09,300
651
+ ุฑุจุนุชู‡ู… ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ identity element ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:15:09,300 --> 00:15:12,220
655
+ ู…ุฑุจุน ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:15:17,630 --> 00:15:23,590
659
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุงุฏุนู‰ ุงู† ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุญู‚ู‚ูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ x
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:15:23,590 --> 00:15:30,610
663
+ ุชุฑุจูŠู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ุณุช ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู† ู†ุงู‚ุต
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:15:30,610 --> 00:15:34,930
667
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุบูŠุฑู‡ู… ู‡ู‡ ุจุณ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:15:34,930 --> 00:15:39,680
671
+ ุงุซุจุช ุงู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ู‡ุฐูˆู„
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:15:39,680 --> 00:15:45,240
675
+ ู„ูŠุด because ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู† ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญู‚ูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:15:45,240 --> 00:15:51,660
679
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ it's ุงู„ and ุงู† ู†ุงู‚ุต
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:15:51,660 --> 00:15:55,260
683
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ identity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:15:55,260 --> 00:16:01,880
687
+ ู…ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุฑุจุนุชู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู† ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:16:01,880 --> 00:16:09,990
691
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู† ุฒุงุฆุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูƒู„ู‡ ุงูŠู‡ูƒู„ู‡ ู…ุถูŠูˆู„ู‡ in
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:16:09,990 --> 00:16:15,870
695
+ ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ in ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุดูŠู„ู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐูŠ in ุชุฑุจูŠู‡
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:16:15,870 --> 00:16:22,210
699
+ ุจุงุนุชุจุงุฑู‡ุง ู‚ุฏุงุด zero ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† in ูƒู…ุงู† zero ู„ุฅู† ูƒู„
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:16:22,210 --> 00:16:27,350
703
+ in ุจุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ุชุญุฐูู‡ุง ูˆู…ุถุนูู‡ุง ุชู‚ุฏุฑุด ุจูŠุถู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจูŠุถู„
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:16:27,350 --> 00:16:32,730
707
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู‡ู…
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:16:32,730 --> 00:16:40,930
711
+ ุงู„ู„ุฐุงู† ูŠุญู‚ู‚ุงู†ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุณุคุงู„ ุงุชู†ุงุด ุจุนุฏู‡
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:16:40,930 --> 00:16:47,750
715
+ ุจุฑูˆุญ ู„ุณุคุงู„ ุณุจุนุชุงุด ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒ ุณุคุงู„ ุณุจุนุชุงุด ู†ู…ุณุญ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:16:47,750 --> 00:16:48,190
719
+ ู‡ุฐู‡
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:17:03,160 --> 00:17:08,180
723
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุณุจุนุชุงุดุฑ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠุงุชูŠ ุงู† ุฌูŠ ุฃุจูŠู„ูŠุงู† if
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:17:08,180 --> 00:17:16,600
727
+ and only if ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุณุจุนุชุงุดุฑ ุฌูŠ ุฃุจูŠู„ูŠุงู† if and
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:17:16,600 --> 00:17:24,880
731
+ only if ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ a b ุงู„ูƒู„ inverse ุงู„ a b ุงู„ูƒู„
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:17:24,880 --> 00:17:30,940
735
+ inverse ุจุฏู‡ ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ a inverse
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:17:43,130 --> 00:17:48,900
739
+ ุงู„ุจุฑู‡ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ูŠู†ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุงูˆู„
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:17:48,900 --> 00:17:55,460
743
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฌูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงูุฑุถ ุงู† ุงู„ g .. ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ assume ..
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:17:55,460 --> 00:18:01,160
747
+ assume that ุงู† ุงู„ g is abelian
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:18:05,580 --> 00:18:10,120
751
+ ู…ุฏุงู… ุงุจูŠู„ูŠุงู† ุจุฏูŠ ุงุซุจุช ุงูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ุงุซุจุช ุงู†ู‡ a b ู„ูƒู„
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:18:10,120 --> 00:18:14,320
755
+ inverse ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณูˆูŠ a inverse b inverse ู„ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:18:14,320 --> 00:18:19,860
759
+ ุงุซุจุชู†ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุงู† ุงู„ a b ู„ูƒู„ inverse ูŠุณูˆูŠ b inverse
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:18:19,860 --> 00:18:25,120
763
+ a inverse ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงู„ a b
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:18:25,120 --> 00:18:32,620
767
+ inverse ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ b inverse a inverse ู…ุธุจูˆุท
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:18:33,120 --> 00:18:37,640
771
+ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠุด ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ ุฌูŠ ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุจุฏู„ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:18:37,640 --> 00:18:41,800
775
+ ุงู†ุง ุนุงูŠุฒู‡ ู…ุงู„ูˆุด ูƒู„ุงู… ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:18:41,800 --> 00:18:48,580
779
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ A inverse B inverse ู„ูŠุดุŸ because ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู† ุงู„
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:18:48,580 --> 00:18:57,180
783
+ G is abelian ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุซุจุชู†ุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจุฏู‡ ุงุฑูˆุญ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:18:57,180 --> 00:19:00,800
787
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:19:07,570 --> 00:19:14,170
791
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฌูŠุจ ุงู‚ูˆู„ู‡ conversely assume
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:19:14,170 --> 00:19:23,850
795
+ ุงูุชุฑุถ ุงู† ุงู„ a b ู„ูƒู„ inverse ุจุฏูŠ ุณูˆู‰ a inverse b
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:19:23,850 --> 00:19:32,150
799
+ inverse ุจุฏูŠ ุงุซุจุชู„ู‡ ุงูŠุด ู„ูŠู‡ ู‚ุงุจู„ู‡ ุทูŠุจ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„ู‡
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:19:32,150 --> 00:19:38,940
803
+ consider ุฎุฏู„ูŠูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ A ููŠ B ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:19:38,940 --> 00:19:46,280
807
+ ุจูŠ ููŠ A ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ A ูˆ B ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ G consider A
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:19:46,280 --> 00:19:59,180
811
+ ูˆ B any elements ุฃูŠ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ in G ุทูŠุจ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:19:59,180 --> 00:20:08,620
815
+ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ A ุจูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ inverseุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ุจุฏู‡
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:20:08,620 --> 00:20:16,640
819
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ A inverse B inverse ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฑูˆุญุช ุถุฑุจุช ููŠ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:20:16,640 --> 00:20:26,880
823
+ ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ููŠ BA ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุงุฑ BA ููŠ ุงู„ A B
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:20:26,880 --> 00:20:36,520
827
+ inverse ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ B ููŠ AููŠ ุงู„ A inverse ููŠ ุงู„ B
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:20:36,520 --> 00:20:42,120
831
+ inverse ุถุฑุจุช ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ B ุฅูŠู‡
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:20:42,120 --> 00:20:47,920
835
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู„ุงุฒู…ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏูˆุด ุฃุชู„ุงุนุจ ููŠู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฏููŠ ู‡ุฏู‰
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:20:47,920 --> 00:20:55,140
839
+ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏู‰ B E B inverse ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณูˆู‰ B
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:20:55,140 --> 00:21:00,520
843
+ B inverse ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ identity ุทุจ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุฎู„ูƒ ููŠ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:21:00,520 --> 00:21:07,210
847
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ A BูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ููŠ A B ุฅุฐุง
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:21:07,210 --> 00:21:17,090
851
+ ุถุฑุจุช ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ููŠ A B ุจุตูŠุฑ B A ููŠ A B Inverse ููŠ A B
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:21:17,090 --> 00:21:24,230
855
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ E ููŠ ุงู„ A BูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ู…ูƒุชุณุจุงุช
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:21:24,230 --> 00:21:29,170
859
+ ูˆุทู†ูŠุฉ ุญูุธู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุงู„ุนุจู†ุงุด ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ุงุดู„ุฌ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:21:29,170 --> 00:21:34,490
863
+ ููŠู‡ุง a ูˆ b ูุงุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ element a
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:21:34,490 --> 00:21:40,590
867
+ ูˆ b ุทุจ ุงูŠู‡ ุฑุฃูŠูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุงุŸู…ุด ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:21:40,590 --> 00:21:46,810
871
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุญ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุตู„ ุถุฑุจู‡ู…ุง ุจุงู„ identity element ูŠุจู‚ู‰
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:21:46,810 --> 00:21:53,510
875
+ ุงู„ุณุนุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจ ููŠ a ููŠ ุงู„ identity element ุจุฏูŠ ุณูˆู‰
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:21:53,510 --> 00:21:59,490
879
+ ุงู„ identity element ููŠ a,b ุทุจ ุงู„ identity element
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:21:59,490 --> 00:22:04,330
883
+ ู„ู…ุง ุชุถุฑุจ ููŠ ุฃูŠ element ุชุทู„ุน ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ element ูŠุจู‚ู‰
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:22:04,330 --> 00:22:13,590
887
+ b ููŠ a ุจุฏูŠ ุณูˆู‰ a ููŠ bููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‚ูŠูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุง ูˆ ุจุŸ ุงูŠ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:22:13,590 --> 00:22:17,630
891
+ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠ ุฌูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุงู„ู‡ุงุŸ ุฌูŠ is abelian
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:22:17,630 --> 00:22:24,150
895
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุณุง ุฌูŠ is abelian
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:22:29,980 --> 00:22:39,120
899
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุณุคุงู„ ุณุจุนุชุงุด ุณุคุงู„ ุณุคุงู„ ุณุคุงู„ ุชู…ุงู†ุชุงุด ู‡ุฐุง ุญู„ู†ุงู‡
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:22:39,120 --> 00:22:44,740
903
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ ูƒู…ุซุงู„ ุทูŠุจ ุณุคุงู„ ุชุณุนุชุงุด ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:22:44,740 --> 00:22:51,420
907
+ ู„ุฃูŠ element a ูˆ b ู…ู† group G and any integer n
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:22:51,420 --> 00:22:57,390
911
+ prove thatุซู… ุงุซุจุช ุงู†
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:22:57,390 --> 00:23:06,910
915
+ ุงู„ a inverse b a to
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:23:06,910 --> 00:23:17,230
919
+ the power n ูŠุณูˆู‰ a inverse b in a ูˆ ุงู„ n ู‡ุฏุง is an
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:23:17,230 --> 00:23:17,950
923
+ integer
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:23:20,710 --> 00:23:26,430
927
+ ู‚ุงู„ ูŠุซุจุช ุงู† ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠู† ุญุฏ ููŠูƒูˆุง ุญู„ ู‡ุฐุง
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:23:26,430 --> 00:23:33,050
931
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ุŸ ูˆ ู„ูˆ ู†ุต ุญู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ induction ุจุณ ุงู„
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:23:33,050 --> 00:23:40,680
935
+ induction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชุนู„ู…ู†ุงู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุตุญุŸุณูƒุช
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:23:40,680 --> 00:23:45,380
939
+ ุงู„ุดุนูˆุฑ ู…ุด ุดูƒุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุฏุฆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ induction ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:23:45,380 --> 00:23:49,900
943
+ ุนุฏุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ูˆุฌู‡ ุทูŠุจ ู†ุดูˆู ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:23:49,900 --> 00:23:53,580
947
+ induction ูˆ ู†ุดูˆู ู‡ู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุจุณ ู‡ู†ุง
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:23:53,580 --> 00:23:58,110
951
+ ุฌุงู„ูŠ ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ ุชุญุณุจู‡ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:23:58,110 --> 00:24:01,790
955
+ ูˆุงู„ุตูุฑ ููŠ ุงุญุฏ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู„ุงู…ูƒ ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ n
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:24:01,790 --> 00:24:06,230
959
+ positive integer ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ induction ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุชุจุน
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:24:06,230 --> 00:24:11,750
963
+ ู…ุจุงุฏุฆ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช ูˆุจูˆุตู„ ู„ู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:24:11,750 --> 00:24:20,690
967
+ solution ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ n ุจ zero if ุงู„ n ุชุณุงูˆูŠ zero
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:24:20,690 --> 00:24:26,740
971
+ thenุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ู†ุดูˆู ุงูŠ ุนุฏุฏ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:24:26,740 --> 00:24:33,100
975
+ ู…ุฑููˆุน ู„ู„ู€ O0 ุจูƒุงู… ุจุงู„ identity ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ E ูŠุจู‚ู‰ A
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:24:33,100 --> 00:24:41,490
979
+ inverse ุจ O0 ุจุงู„ identity ููŠ Aู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงูŠุด ุงู† ุงู„ E
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:24:41,490 --> 00:24:46,950
983
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ A inverse A ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ E ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ E
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:24:46,950 --> 00:24:51,290
987
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ statement ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:24:51,290 --> 00:25:02,570
991
+ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู† the statement hold ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:25:02,570 --> 00:25:16,460
995
+ N ุจูˆุงุญุฏ F ุงู„ N ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏthen the statement ุจุฑุถู‡
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:25:16,460 --> 00:25:17,580
999
+ hold ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:25:29,880 --> 00:25:37,560
1003
+ ุฃูุชุฑุถ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุนู†ุฏ N ุชุณุงูˆูŠ K ูˆ ุฃุซุจุช ุตุญุชู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏ N
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:25:37,560 --> 00:25:42,860
1007
+ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ K ุฒุงุฆุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุงุฌูŠ ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:25:42,860 --> 00:25:46,880
1011
+ assume that
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:25:47,930 --> 00:25:55,910
1015
+ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ a inverse b a to the power k ุจุฏูŠ ุณูˆู‰ a
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:25:55,910 --> 00:26:05,450
1019
+ inverse b ka ูˆ ุงู„ k ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆ ุงู„ k
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:26:05,450 --> 00:26:14,470
1023
+ integer ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ k integer and ุงู„ k
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:26:14,470 --> 00:26:19,180
1027
+ greater than oneุทูŠุจ ุชู…ุงู…
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:26:22,700 --> 00:26:28,420
1031
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃุซุจุช ุตุญุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุนู†ุฏ ูƒุฒุงูŠุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:26:28,420 --> 00:26:35,520
1035
+ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ consider ุฎุฏู„ูŠ a inverse ba to the power
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:26:35,520 --> 00:26:41,940
1039
+ k plus one ุงู†ุทู„ุน ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ a inverse bk plus one ููŠ a
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:26:41,940 --> 00:26:48,180
1043
+ ุจุตูŠุฑ ูƒู„ุงู…ู†ุง ู…ุนู„ู‡ ุตุญูŠุญ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ a
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:26:48,180 --> 00:26:51,500
1047
+ inverse ba ููŠ k
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:27:00,590 --> 00:27:11,330
1051
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู†ุง ูุงุฑุถู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a inverseb to the
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:27:11,330 --> 00:27:18,790
1055
+ power of k a ููŠ ู…ู† ููŠ ุงู„ a inverse ุจ a ุฌุจุชู‡ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:27:18,790 --> 00:27:25,590
1059
+ from assumption ู…ู† ุงู„ูุฑุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ูุฑุถู‡ ู…ุด ุฌุงูŠุจู‡ ู…ู†
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:27:25,590 --> 00:27:31,650
1063
+ ูƒูŠุณูŠ ุงู†ุง ูุฑุถู‡ ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุตุญูŠุญ ุทูŠุจ ุชุนุงู„ูˆุง ุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ู„ู‡ุฏูˆู„
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:27:31,650 --> 00:27:37,920
1067
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ a ููŠ ุงู„ a inverseุจุงู„ู€ identity
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:27:37,920 --> 00:27:45,020
1071
+ element ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ A inverse ุจูŠ ูƒูŠ ููŠ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:27:45,020 --> 00:27:52,340
1075
+ ุงู„ E ููŠ ุงู„ ุจูŠ A ุงู„ identity element ุงุถุฑุจ ููŠ ุฃูŠ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:27:52,340 --> 00:27:58,100
1079
+ element ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู†ูุณ ุงู„ element ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง A inverse ุจูŠ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:27:58,100 --> 00:28:06,640
1083
+ ูƒูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ ุจูŠ Aุงู„ู€ B ูˆ ุงู„ู€ BK ู…ุด ู‡ู…ุงุฑุง BK plus one
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:28:06,640 --> 00:28:14,540
1087
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง A inverse BK plus one ููŠ ู…ู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ A
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:28:14,540 --> 00:28:20,260
1091
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ statement ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:28:20,260 --> 00:28:28,300
1095
+ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ statement ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง hold ุงูŠุด
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:28:28,300 --> 00:28:29,480
1099
+ ุถุงูŠู‚ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŸ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:28:34,110 --> 00:28:43,270
1103
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ N ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† Zero ูุฃู†ุง
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:28:43,270 --> 00:28:43,990
1107
+ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌุจ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:28:47,900 --> 00:28:53,800
1111
+ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ุงุถุฑุจ ููŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ in ุจุฏู‡ุง
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:28:53,800 --> 00:28:58,780
1115
+ ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ zero ู„ู…ุง ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ in ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ุงุถุฑุจู‡ุง
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:28:58,780 --> 00:29:05,800
1119
+ ููŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ุชุตูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุทูŠุจ ุฎุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:29:05,800 --> 00:29:12,800
1123
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ a inverse b a equal to the power nู„ูˆ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:29:12,800 --> 00:29:17,840
1127
+ ุถุฑุจุช ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ A inverse ุจู€ A to the power
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:29:17,840 --> 00:29:24,940
1131
+ minus ุงู„ N ูƒุฏู‡ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ identityุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:29:24,940 --> 00:29:30,780
1135
+ element ุฃูุณ Zero ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ identity
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:29:30,780 --> 00:29:40,880
1139
+ element ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ A inverseb
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:29:40,880 --> 00:29:48,960
1143
+ a to the power n ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ a inverse b to the
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:29:48,960 --> 00:29:56,540
1147
+ minus n a ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:29:56,540 --> 00:30:02,720
1151
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ identity ุตุญ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ูŠ ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ุบู„ุท
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:30:02,720 --> 00:30:10,950
1155
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญ ู„ูŠุดู„ุฃู† ู†ุงู‚ุต in ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† zero ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู„ู…ุง
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:30:10,950 --> 00:30:14,470
1159
+ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ in ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† zero ุงุซุจุชู†ุง ุงู„ statement ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:30:14,470 --> 00:30:24,910
1163
+ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ this is a true because ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู† ู†ุงู‚ุต in
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:30:24,910 --> 00:30:30,180
1167
+ greater than zero ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุจุฑู‡ู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ููˆู‚ู…ุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:30:30,180 --> 00:30:34,120
1171
+ ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:30:34,120 --> 00:30:39,740
1175
+ ุฑุงูŠูƒุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุถุฑุจ ููŠ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ูˆ ุฃุดูˆู ูˆูŠู†
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:30:39,740 --> 00:30:45,180
1179
+ ุจุชูˆุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช ููŠ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุจุตูŠุฑ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:30:45,180 --> 00:30:52,520
1183
+ a inverse b a to the power n ูุงู‡ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ a
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:30:52,520 --> 00:31:03,570
1187
+ inverse b to the minus nA ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง A ููŠ ุงู„ A inverse
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:31:03,570 --> 00:31:12,350
1191
+ B minus ุงู„ N A inverse ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุทุฑู ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† E ููŠ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:31:12,350 --> 00:31:19,310
1195
+ main ููŠ ุงู„ A inverse B minus ุงู„ one A inverse
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:31:22,020 --> 00:31:27,320
1199
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ูˆุตู„ุช ู„ู‡ุง ุถุฑุจุช ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ููŠ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ู‡ุฐุง
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:31:27,320 --> 00:31:33,020
1203
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:31:33,020 --> 00:31:37,360
1207
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุญุทูŠุช ุงู„ inverse ููˆู‚ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุดูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:31:37,360 --> 00:31:42,440
1211
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ููŠ ู…ุนูƒุณู‡ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ identity element ููŠ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:31:42,440 --> 00:31:48,060
1215
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงุจู„ู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ element ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุจุตูŠุฑ a
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:31:48,060 --> 00:31:56,900
1219
+ inverseุจุฃ ูƒู„ู‡ to the power n ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:31:56,900 --> 00:32:01,680
1223
+ element ููŠ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:32:01,680 --> 00:32:08,720
1227
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง a inverse ุจ ุจ ุณุงู„ุจ n ุตู„ุญ ู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจ ุณุงู„ุจ ู†
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:32:08,720 --> 00:32:17,800
1231
+ ู†ุถุฑุจ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a inverse ุจ ู„ุณุงู„ุจ n a ูƒู„ู‡
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:32:17,800 --> 00:32:18,380
1235
+ inverse
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:32:20,890 --> 00:32:26,990
1239
+ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฑุฌุนู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎุฏู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ุงู…ุด ู„ู…ุง ุงู‚ูˆู„ a b inverse
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:32:26,990 --> 00:32:33,030
1243
+ ุงูŠู‡ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงูŠุด ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุจูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู†ูุฑุณ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:32:33,030 --> 00:32:40,290
1247
+ ู‚ู„ุช a b c inverse ุงูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ c inverse ุจูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:32:40,290 --> 00:32:44,910
1251
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู†ูุฑุณ ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ุทุจู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:32:44,910 --> 00:32:54,410
1255
+ ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู„ูƒู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠุนุทูŠูƒ a inverse ูˆู‡ู†ุง b minus ุงู„ n ูƒู„ู‡
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:32:54,410 --> 00:33:01,570
1259
+ inverse ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ุงู„ู‡ู…ูŠู† a inverse inverse
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:33:04,680 --> 00:33:09,940
1263
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ a inverse ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูŠ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:33:09,940 --> 00:33:15,840
1267
+ ูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุณ ุชุถุฑุจ ููŠ ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุถุฑุจ ู†ุงู‚ุต n ููŠ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:33:15,840 --> 00:33:22,580
1271
+ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุฌุฏูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูˆุณ n ูˆ a inverse inverse ู‡ูŠ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:33:22,580 --> 00:33:28,230
1275
+ ุงู„ element aูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:33:28,230 --> 00:33:36,330
1279
+ ุฅุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู„ู„ูƒู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ู„ zero ูˆ ู„ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:33:36,330 --> 00:33:41,550
1283
+ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู„ any integer ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:33:41,550 --> 00:33:47,210
1287
+ ุญุฏ ุจูŠุญุจ ูŠุณุฃู„ ุฃูŠ ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ู†ุงุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ููƒุฑุชู‡ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:33:47,210 --> 00:33:52,890
1291
+ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ููŠู‡ ู…ุจุงุฏุฆ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:33:52,890 --> 00:33:58,090
1295
+ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ induction ู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:33:58,090 --> 00:34:03,170
1299
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุง ู„ู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุทู„ุนู†ุง ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ููŠ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:34:03,170 --> 00:34:12,620
1303
+ ูƒู„ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุณุคุงู„ ุชุณุนุชุงุดุฑุงู„ุงู† ุจุนุฏ ุชุณุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุนู†ุง
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:34:12,620 --> 00:34:17,400
1307
+ ู…ูŠู† ุนู†ุง ุณุคุงู„ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจ deconstruct K ู„ูŠู‡
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:34:17,400 --> 00:34:22,300
1311
+ ุชุงุจู„ ู„ู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุงุชู†ุงุด ูƒู„ู…ุฉ K ู„ูŠู‡ ุชุงุจู„ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:34:22,300 --> 00:34:26,780
1315
+ ุณุงู…ุนู†ุง ุฌุฏุงุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู†
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:34:26,780 --> 00:34:30,600
1319
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู‡ุงู…ุดุฉ ุงู„ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ุชุจุฏูŠู„ ุงูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ุชุจุฏูŠู„
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:34:30,600 --> 00:34:34,260
1323
+ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุจุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ุงู…ุด ูˆ ุฏู‡
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:34:34,260 --> 00:34:34,900
1327
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ุงู…ุด
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:34:38,020 --> 00:34:45,100
1331
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ non abelian group ู„ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช abelian ุจุฏู„ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:34:45,100 --> 00:34:49,840
1335
+ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุจุณ non abelian ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุฑุชุจ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:34:49,840 --> 00:34:54,480
1339
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู†ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุณุจุงุญุฉ ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ู…ุด
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:34:54,480 --> 00:34:56,920
1343
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ ุนุดุฑูŠู†
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:34:56,920 --> 00:35:02,880
1347
+ ุชุณุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุชู…ู†ุชุงุดุฑ ุงู„ุงุฎุฑูŠู† ู†ุฌูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ุณุคุงู„ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:35:02,880 --> 00:35:08,980
1351
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจุฏูŠ ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุชุจู„ ู„ู„ูŠูˆ ุงุชู…ุงุดุฑูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ U 12
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:35:08,980 --> 00:35:15,340
1355
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุงุตุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:35:15,340 --> 00:35:21,640
1359
+ ุณุงุจุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชุณุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุงุญุฏุงุดุฑ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ K
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:35:21,640 --> 00:35:25,080
1363
+ ู„ูŠ ุงู„ table ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ูˆุดูˆู ูƒูŠู
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:35:25,080 --> 00:35:31,520
1367
+ ุงู„ู†ุชุฌุฉ ูุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุญุท ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:35:31,520 --> 00:35:38,720
1371
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุงุญุฏุงุดุฑ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุงุญุฏุงุดุฑ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:35:38,720 --> 00:35:45,140
1375
+ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุฌุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู‰ ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุดุชุบู„
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:35:45,140 --> 00:35:50,640
1379
+ ุฃูู‚ูŠ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฃุนุจูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:35:50,640 --> 00:36:01,380
1383
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฏู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ module 12ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:36:01,380 --> 00:36:04,280
1387
+ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ุงู†ุชุธุฑู‡ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุนู†ุตุฑ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:36:12,890 --> 00:36:16,810
1391
+ ูƒูŠู ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:36:16,810 --> 00:36:19,910
1395
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ุจุณุจุนุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุฃุญุฏุงุดุฑ ุจุฃุญุฏุงุดุฑุŒ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:36:19,910 --> 00:36:23,990
1399
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุจุนุงุฏ ุฏู‡ ุฑุฃุณูŠุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:36:23,990 --> 00:36:27,690
1403
+ ุจุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ุจุณุจุนุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุฃุญุฏุงุดุฑ ุจุฃุญุฏุงุดุฑุŒ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:36:27,690 --> 00:36:31,350
1407
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ group ุงุจุฏุงู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆู…ูˆู„ ูˆุดู…ุงู„
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:36:31,350 --> 00:36:35,150
1411
+ ู…ุงุชูุฑู‚ุด ุนู†ู†ุงุŒ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู†ุŸ ู‡ูˆ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:36:35,150 --> 00:36:41,210
1415
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†ุŒ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:36:41,210 --> 00:36:48,370
1419
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸู…ูˆุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆ ุงุชู†ุงุด ุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ุงู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:36:48,370 --> 00:36:54,150
1423
+ ููŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ุจุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ู…ูˆุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆ ุงุชู†ุงุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:36:54,150 --> 00:37:00,210
1427
+ ุงู„ุงุญุฏุงุด ุงู„ุงู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ุงุญุฏุงุด ุจุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ู…ูˆุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:37:00,210 --> 00:37:05,750
1431
+ ุงุญุฏุงุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ ุณุจุนุฉ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุงู…ู…ู†ูˆุน
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:37:05,750 --> 00:37:10,710
1435
+ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ูŠุชูƒุฑุฑ ู…ุฑุชูŠู† ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุท ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:37:10,710 --> 00:37:15,690
1439
+ ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ูŠุชูƒุฑุฑ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุฅู„ุง ู…ุฑุฉ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:37:15,690 --> 00:37:19,850
1443
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู…ุณูƒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุญุฏุงุฌุฑ ุณุจุนุฉ ู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู…ู†
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:37:19,850 --> 00:37:24,530
1447
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุงู„ุขู† ุณุจุนุฉ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ููŠ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:37:24,530 --> 00:37:31,350
1451
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:37:31,350 --> 00:37:34,980
1455
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงุญุฏุงุดุฑุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ ุณุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ุจุชุณุนุฉ ูˆุงุฑุจุนูŠู†
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:37:34,980 --> 00:37:37,880
1459
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ูˆูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุงู†
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:37:37,880 --> 00:37:42,660
1463
+ ูˆุงู†ูŠ ู…ุบู…ุท ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุญุท ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุถุงูŠู„
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:37:42,660 --> 00:37:47,160
1467
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุงุญุฏุงุด ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุงุญุฏุงุด ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:37:47,160 --> 00:37:53,100
1471
+ ูˆุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุงุญุฏุงุด ููŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ุจุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุณุจุนูŠู†
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:37:53,100 --> 00:37:59,780
1475
+ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุณุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุจูŠุทู„ุน
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:37:59,780 --> 00:38:06,160
1479
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูŠุง ุฑุงุฌู„ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุถู„ ุงู„ุบุงูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:38:06,160 --> 00:38:09,520
1483
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ุจุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:38:09,520 --> 00:38:14,000
1487
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุณู…ุนุชู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุทุจู‚ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุนุฏู‡
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:38:14,000 --> 00:38:18,680
1491
+ ูˆู†ุดูˆู ู‡ุฐุง ุณู‡ู„ ุนู„ุดุงู†ู‡ุง ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณู‡ู„ ุงู„ุดุบู„
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:38:18,680 --> 00:38:25,300
1495
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ table ุฌุงู‡ุฒุฉ ุจุณ ุจุงู„ุฑู…ูˆุฒ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:38:25,300 --> 00:38:28,860
1499
+ ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ุชุนุจูˆู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑู…ูˆุฒ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:38:41,310 --> 00:38:47,930
1503
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุณุคุงู„ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:38:47,930 --> 00:39:00,390
1507
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ู…ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ E ูˆ A B C D E ูˆ A B C D ุชู…ุงู… ูˆ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:39:00,390 --> 00:39:06,730
1511
+ ู‚ุณู…ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู‡ูŠู‚ูู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:39:06,730 --> 00:39:21,050
1515
+ E ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง Aูˆ ู‡ู†ุง B ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง C ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง D ูˆ ุฑุงุญ ุฃุจุงู„ูŠ ููŠ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:39:21,050 --> 00:39:30,110
1519
+ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุญุทู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง E ูˆ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุญุทู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง Bุฌุจุงู„ A ุญุทู„ูŠ B
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:39:30,110 --> 00:39:44,370
1523
+ ูˆุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ B ุญุท C D E C D E C D E ูˆ ุฌุจุงู„ SC ุญุทู„ูŠ D ูˆ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:39:44,370 --> 00:39:52,350
1527
+ ุจุนุฏ C ุญุทู„ูŠ D ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† A ุจูŠู‡ A ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:39:52,350 --> 00:39:55,730
1531
+ ูุฑู‚ ูƒู„ู‡ ูƒูŠูุŸ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:39:57,720 --> 00:40:05,680
1535
+ ููŠ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุชู…ุงู… ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ูƒู„ู‡
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:40:05,680 --> 00:40:09,840
1539
+ ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ูŠุนุจูŠ ู‡ุงู„ูุฑุงุฑ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:40:09,840 --> 00:40:15,840
1543
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุงู„ุงุดูƒุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸู…ุดุงู† ุงู†ู…ูŠุฒ ู…ู†
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:40:15,840 --> 00:40:20,570
1547
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู†ุง ุญุงุจ ุงู„ูุฑุงุฑ ุจู„ูˆู† ุชุงู†ูŠุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:40:20,570 --> 00:40:24,170
1551
+ identity ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช ููŠ ุงูŠ element ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุทู„ุน ู†ูุณ ุงู„
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:40:24,170 --> 00:40:31,810
1555
+ element ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง a,b,c,d ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ู†ุง a,b,c,d
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:40:31,810 --> 00:40:36,650
1559
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุถุงูŠู‚ ู„ุฃู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ุงุช ู‡ู†ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:40:36,650 --> 00:40:41,650
1563
+ ูˆุตู ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ุงุฐุง ุนุจูŠุช ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุตู
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:40:41,650 --> 00:40:46,770
1567
+ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ุชุญุตูŠู„ ุญุตู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุบุงูŠุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุชู…ุงู…
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:40:46,770 --> 00:40:59,300
1571
+ ูƒูŠูุŸุตูุฉ ุชุงู„ุช ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุญูƒูŠ ุจุณ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ุงูŠูˆู‡
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:40:59,300 --> 00:41:05,540
1575
+ ู‡ุงู† ู…ุงู„ู‡ุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุงุญุท ุจูŠู‡ุŸ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุจูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ู‚ุจุถ ู‡ู†ุง
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:41:05,540 --> 00:41:13,160
1579
+ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ุนุจู†ุงู„ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุฌุงู‡ุฒ ุซุงู†ู‰ ุดูˆูŠุฉ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:41:13,160 --> 00:41:19,760
1583
+ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงูŠู† ุฏูŠุŸ ุฏูŠ ุฏูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุฌุฏุงุดุŸ Cุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุนู…ูˆุฏ
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:41:19,760 --> 00:41:25,820
1587
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุฅูŠู‡ ุชู…ุงู… ู…ูŠุฑูŠ ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฑุถู‡
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:41:25,820 --> 00:41:34,040
1591
+ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ุฅูŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠู‡ ุชู…ุงู…
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:41:34,040 --> 00:41:39,380
1595
+ ุถุงูŠู„ ุฅูŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุถุงูŠู„ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู† ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู†
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:41:39,380 --> 00:41:45,360
1599
+ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุด
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:41:45,360 --> 00:41:46,060
1603
+ ู‡ุชูƒุฑู‡ ุจุณ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:41:50,390 --> 00:41:57,910
1607
+ ุทูŠุจ ุฅุฐุง ุญู„ู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุญู„ุช ู‚ุถูŠุชู†ุงุŒ ูƒูŠูุŸ ุฏู‡ ู‚ุทุฑ
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:41:57,910 --> 00:42:02,510
1611
+ ู…ุงููŠุด ุญุฏุŒ ุฏู‡ ู‚ุทุฑุŒ ุถุฑุจุŒ ูˆูู‚ ุจุฑุฃุณูŠุŒ ู…ุงู„ูƒ ุฃู†ุชุŸููŠ ุญุฏ
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:42:02,510 --> 00:42:11,750
1615
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู‚ุชุฑุงุญุŸ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ููŠ
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:42:11,750 --> 00:42:16,550
1619
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุฌูŠุช ุงุฎูˆูƒ ุจู‡ู†ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:42:16,550 --> 00:42:21,350
1623
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ู†ุงุŸ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:42:21,350 --> 00:42:27,470
1627
+ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุญุทุŸ ุฏูŠ ุทุจ
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:42:27,470 --> 00:42:31,100
1631
+ ูƒูŠู ู‡ุชุญุทู‡ุงุŸ ูƒูŠูุŸุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:42:31,100 --> 00:42:34,280
1635
+ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:42:34,280 --> 00:42:37,120
1639
+ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:42:37,120 --> 00:42:41,440
1643
+ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:42:41,440 --> 00:42:41,720
1647
+ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:42:41,720 --> 00:42:41,720
1651
+ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:42:41,720 --> 00:42:42,660
1655
+ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:42:42,660 --> 00:42:42,660
1659
+ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:42:42,660 --> 00:42:43,140
1663
+ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:42:43,140 --> 00:42:43,140
1667
+ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:42:43,140 --> 00:42:43,140
1671
+ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:42:43,140 --> 00:42:58,540
1675
+ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุชุฐ ุงุณุช
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:42:58,920 --> 00:43:08,560
1679
+ ุจ ููŠ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠุฉุŸ ู…ุงู‚ู„ู„ูŠุด ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠุฉุŸ ุฑุฃุณ
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:43:08,560 --> 00:43:13,080
1683
+ ู†ู‚ุทุฉุŒ ุฑุฃุณ ุฑู…ุฒุŒ
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:43:13,080 --> 00:43:16,280
1687
+ ุฑุฃุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุจุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑ ู…ุงููŠุด ุจ
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:43:21,670 --> 00:43:32,290
1691
+ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ููŠ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ element ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุง
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:43:32,290 --> 00:43:38,970
1695
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุงููŠู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠู‡ ุฑู…ุฒูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุทุจ ุดูˆู ุดุบู„ู‡ุง
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:43:38,970 --> 00:43:44,170
1699
+ ุงู„ุนูุฑุฉ ุดูˆู ุดุบู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุนูุฑุฉ ูŠุง ุฑูŠุงุถูŠู„ ุงูŠู‡ ูˆู‚ูˆู„ ูˆ ุงุฑูŠู†ุง
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:43:44,170 --> 00:43:44,470
1703
+ ุดูˆู
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:43:48,580 --> 00:43:51,900
1707
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ C ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุณุทุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ C
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:43:51,900 --> 00:43:57,120
1711
+ ุฅูŠู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ C ู‚ุตุฏูƒุŸ ู„ุฃ ุบุงุฏ ู‡ุฐุง CุŸ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ C ุทูŠุจ
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:43:57,120 --> 00:44:00,380
1715
+ ูู…ุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ .. ู„ูŠุด ูŠุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ CุŸ ู…ู†ูุนุด ูŠุทู„ุน
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:44:00,380 --> 00:44:05,120
1719
+ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณุทุฑุŒ ู†ูู‡ู… ู…ู†ู‡ุŒ ู†ูู‡ู… ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŒ ู…ู†ูุนุด ูŠุทู„ุน ููŠ
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:44:05,120 --> 00:44:08,680
1723
+ ุงู„ุฌู†ุจู‡ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ููŠ ุฌู‡ุฉ C ุนุดุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆูู‚ู‡ ูˆ ู…ู†ูุนุด
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:44:08,680 --> 00:44:11,180
1727
+ ูŠุทู„ุน ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุช ุนุดุงู† ููŠู‡ ุบุงุฏ C ูุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:44:11,180 --> 00:44:17,540
1731
+ ู…ุฏุชุด ุชุบูŠุฑ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุง ุญุฒูŠุฒูŠ ุงูŠุด ุฑุฃูŠูƒ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู‡ ุชู‚ูˆู„
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:44:17,540 --> 00:44:27,800
1735
+ ู„ูƒ a ููŠ a ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ a ููŠ a ุจ b ุชู…ุงู… ุทูŠุจ ูˆ b
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:44:27,800 --> 00:44:39,760
1739
+ ููŠ b b ููŠ b ุจ d ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ู„ูƒ c ููŠ c c ููŠ c ุจ a
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:44:39,760 --> 00:44:41,960
1743
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:44:43,310 --> 00:44:50,990
1747
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงูŠุด ุฑุฃูŠูƒ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุงุฎุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ููŠ ุจูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ููŠ ุจูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:44:50,990 --> 00:44:55,750
1751
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ุนุงุฑูุฉ ูƒุฏู‡ุด ุทูŠุจ ุจู„ุบุชู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠู‡
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:44:55,750 --> 00:45:04,110
1755
+ ููŠ ุจูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุณุงูˆูŠ c ููŠ c ููŠ a ููŠ a ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:45:04,420 --> 00:45:11,220
1759
+ ู‡ุฐุง A ููŠ B ูŠุจู‚ู‰ C C A A ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:45:11,220 --> 00:45:23,300
1763
+ C C ููŠ A ูŠุจู‚ู‰ C ููŠ A ุงูŠุด ุจุชุทู„ุน D ูŠุจู‚ู‰ C D A ุชู…ุงู…
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:45:23,300 --> 00:45:31,740
1767
+ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุงู„ุงู† D ููŠ A ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ E ูŠุจู‚ู‰ C E
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:45:31,740 --> 00:45:38,890
1771
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจ Cู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุตุงุฑุช ู‡ุฐู‡ C ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:45:38,890 --> 00:45:46,170
1775
+ ุงูŠุด ุตุงุฑุช D ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู†ุญู„ุช ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุตุงุฑ C D E A
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:45:46,170 --> 00:45:54,170
1779
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง B ูˆB C D A ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง A ุดุบู„ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠ ุณู„ูŠู… ูˆู„ุง
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:45:54,170 --> 00:45:58,150
1783
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ููŠู‡ ุงูŠ ุดุบู„ ุงูŠ ุดุบู„ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู…ู†
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:45:58,150 --> 00:46:02,770
1787
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฑูˆุญ ุชุนุจูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู…ู†
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:46:02,770 --> 00:46:09,110
1791
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูˆ
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:46:09,110 --> 00:46:15,590
1795
+ ุณุคุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณุคุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠุฃุชูŠ
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:46:15,590 --> 00:46:24,990
1799
+ prove that ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† if ุงู„ a b ู„ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ a
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:46:24,990 --> 00:46:32,840
1803
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน b ุชุฑุจูŠุน thenุงู„ู€ A ููŠ B ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุฏู‡
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:46:32,840 --> 00:46:38,900
1807
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ B ููŠ A ุทุจุนุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ A ููŠ B ุจุฏู‡
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:46:38,900 --> 00:46:44,060
1811
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ B ููŠ A ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:46:44,060 --> 00:46:49,160
1815
+ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุฌุฏุงุŒ ู…ุงู‚ุงู„ู„ูŠุด ุฌูŠ ุฃุจูŠู„ูŠุงู†ุŒ ู„ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูŠ
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:46:49,160 --> 00:46:52,160
1819
+ ุฃุจูŠู„ูŠุงู† ูƒุงู† ู‚ุถูŠุชูŠ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ุฉุŒ ู…ุงู‚ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูŠ ุฃุจูŠู„ูŠุงู†ุŒ ู„ูƒู†
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:46:52,160 --> 00:46:59,080
1823
+ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ consider ุฎูุฏู„ูŠ A ุจูŠ ู„ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏุฃ
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:46:59,080 --> 00:47:07,550
1827
+ ููŠู‡ุงู…ุง ุฏู‡ ู…ุด ab ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a ููŠ b ููŠ a ููŠ b ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:47:07,550 --> 00:47:15,190
1831
+ ู„ุง ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุทูŠุงุช a ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ b ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุดูˆู
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:47:15,190 --> 00:47:20,490
1835
+ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุดุทุจ ุงู„ุฃูŠ ู…ู„ูŠ ุจูŠ ูˆู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุดุทุจ ุงู„ุฃูŠ ุตุงุฑู„ูŠ
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:47:20,490 --> 00:47:26,490
1839
+ a ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ุงุนุทูŠู„ูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุง ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงุฎุฑู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:47:26,490 --> 00:47:30,970
1843
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ููŠ a inverse ูˆุถุฑุจุช ู…ู†
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:47:30,970 --> 00:47:36,090
1847
+ ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ููŠ b inverse ุงูˆ ุงู„ left cancellation
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:47:36,090 --> 00:47:39,970
1851
+ law ูˆ ุงู„ right cancellation law ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุท
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:47:39,970 --> 00:47:46,630
1855
+ ุนุถุทูŠู†ูŠ ุจูŠ ุงูŠ ุจูŠุฒูŠ ุณุงูˆุฉ ู…ู† a ููŠ b ู„ู…ุง ุงุถุฑุจ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ a
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:47:46,630 --> 00:47:51,010
1859
+ inverse ุจุทูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ุจุทูŠุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูู‡ูŠุธู„ ู‡ู†ุง
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:47:51,010 --> 00:47:58,550
1863
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด aุจุชุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณุช ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณุช ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:47:58,550 --> 00:48:04,190
1867
+ ุจูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณุช
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:48:04,190 --> 00:48:06,730
1871
+ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:48:06,730 --> 00:48:07,870
1875
+ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:48:07,870 --> 00:48:07,870
1879
+ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:48:07,870 --> 00:48:07,870
1883
+ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:48:07,870 --> 00:48:13,810
1887
+ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:48:13,810 --> 00:48:20,110
1891
+ ุจ
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:48:22,250 --> 00:48:29,750
1895
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ a xb ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุชู†ู‚ู„ a xb
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:48:29,750 --> 00:48:37,570
1899
+ ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ c xd ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ c xd ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชุทู„ุจ ุงู† ุงู„ a b ุจุฏู‡
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:48:37,570 --> 00:48:43,610
1903
+ ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ c d ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุชุญุช ุงู„ proof that
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:48:43,610 --> 00:48:49,530
1907
+ ุงู„ g is abelian ุงุซุจุช ุงู† ุงู„ g ู‡ุฐู‡ is abelian
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:48:54,000 --> 00:49:01,600
1911
+ ุดูˆ ุจูŠูŠู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุฌู‰ ู‚ุงุจูŠู„ูŠุง ุจูŠุชู„ูŠ
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:49:01,600 --> 00:49:08,400
1915
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุฌู‰ ู‚ุงุจูŠู„ูŠุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงู„ proof ุงู„ุงู†
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:49:08,400 --> 00:49:18,000
1919
+ ุงู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุนู„ู…ูŠู† ู…ุซู„ุงู…ุนุทุจุฉ ู…ุนู†ุง ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง AXB
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:49:18,000 --> 00:49:23,700
1923
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ CXD ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูˆ ุญุตู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงุฐุง
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:49:23,700 --> 00:49:28,920
1927
+ automatic ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุดุทุจ X ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ุงุดุทุจ X ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู†
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:49:28,920 --> 00:49:33,380
1931
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑ ุทุจุนุง ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุง ู„ุฃ ุจุณ ุงู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุง ู„ุฃ
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:49:33,730 --> 00:49:38,110
1935
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒุฅู†ู‡ a ุจูŠุจุฏูˆุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ main CD ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:49:38,110 --> 00:49:45,750
1939
+ ุฃุนุทูŠุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ู a ุจูŠุจุฏูˆุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ CD ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:49:45,750 --> 00:49:49,650
1943
+ ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู†ู‡ g a b ู„ุฅู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู† ุงู„ a ููŠ
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:49:49,650 --> 00:49:54,410
1947
+ b ุจูŠุจุฏูˆุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ b ููŠ a ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ a ูˆ ุงู„ b ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:49:54,410 --> 00:50:00,250
1951
+ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ g ุทุจ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ b ู…ุด ู‡ูˆ b ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:50:03,250 --> 00:50:12,990
1955
+ ุตุญุŸ ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด ุฑุงูŠูƒ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ a a inverse b ู‡ู„
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:50:12,990 --> 00:50:21,130
1959
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ b ููŠ ุงู„ a inverse a ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:50:21,130 --> 00:50:27,110
1963
+ identity ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ identityุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุทุจ ุงุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:50:27,110 --> 00:50:33,110
1967
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุต ู‡ู†ุงูˆุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูู‰ ุงู„ู†ุต ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณู‡
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:50:33,110 --> 00:50:37,950
1971
+ ูˆุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ุชู„ุช ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุงู†ุช ุดุงูŠู ุจูŠุณุงูˆูˆุง ุจุนุถ
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:50:37,950 --> 00:50:43,210
1975
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงู„ assumption ุงูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุทู„ุน a ูู‰ b ุจุฏู‰ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:50:43,210 --> 00:50:51,610
1979
+ b ูู‰ a ูŠุจู‚ู‰ g is abelian ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง from assumption
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:50:51,610 --> 00:50:54,790
1983
+ we
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:50:54,790 --> 00:51:02,250
1987
+ haveุฅู† ุงู„ A ุจูŠุจุฏูŠ ุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ B ุฅูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุทูŠู†ุง ุฅู†
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:51:02,250 --> 00:51:09,530
1991
+ ุงู„ G is abelian ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุชุญุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ู‚ุฏุฑุช ุฃุญูƒู…
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:51:09,530 --> 00:51:13,910
1995
+ ุนู„ู‰ G is abelian ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู„ุฃ ูŠู…ูƒู†
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:51:13,910 --> 00:51:20,510
1999
+ ุฃู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃูˆ ุฃุจูŠู† ุฅู† ุงู„ G ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† abelian
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:51:20,510 --> 00:51:21,330
2003
+ group
2004
+
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PL9fwy3NUQKwZKOpj354PRgwYPWWgxchnI/AWHAVt1fZHw_raw.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
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@@ -0,0 +1,1748 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,110 --> 00:00:24,390
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:24,390 --> 00:00:27,610
7
+ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงุณุชูƒู…ุงู„ุง ู„ุดุจุทุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃุฎุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:27,610 --> 00:00:30,630
11
+ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:30,630 --> 00:00:36,010
15
+ S3 ูˆ ุขุฎุฑ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒุชุจู†ุงู‡ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ S3 ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู…ู†
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:36,010 --> 00:00:42,190
19
+ ุงู„ D3 ุทุจุนุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู„ูŠู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุซุจุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:42,190 --> 00:00:50,330
23
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅุซุจุงุช ุฃู† S3 ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณู‡ุง liked3 ุงุญู†ุง ูƒุชุจู†ุง ุงู„
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:50,330 --> 00:00:56,150
27
+ multiplication table ู„ู„ S3 write the
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:56,150 --> 00:01:00,610
31
+ multiplication table
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:00,610 --> 00:01:11,110
35
+ of d3 then ุญุงูˆู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุงุช ุจูŠู† ุงู„ two
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:11,110 --> 00:01:16,650
39
+ multiplication table then we can show that
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:18,600 --> 00:01:25,280
43
+ ุฃู† ุงู„ identity ูƒุงู†ุช ุจู‚ุงุจู„ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ S3 ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ D3
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:25,280 --> 00:01:30,860
47
+ ุงู„ S3 ููŠ ุงู„ identity ุจู‚ุงุจู„ ุงู„ R ู†ูˆุช ููŠ ุงู„ Alpha
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:30,860 --> 00:01:39,120
51
+ ุจู‚ุงุจู„ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ R ู…ูŠ ุนุดูŠุฏ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ Alpha ุชุบุจูŠุน ุจู‚ุงุจู„
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:39,120 --> 00:01:45,130
55
+ ู…ูŠู†ุงู„ู€ R240 ููŠ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ Beta ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€ Alpha Beta
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:45,130 --> 00:01:51,310
59
+ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€ Alpha Beta ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Alpha ุชุบุจูŠู‚ Beta ู„ูˆ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:51,310 --> 00:01:54,230
63
+ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ DC ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฏูˆุฑุงู† ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:54,230 --> 00:02:00,710
67
+ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ ูƒูŠู ูƒุงู†ุŸ ูƒุงู† 1 2 3 ู…ู† ุฃูŠู†
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:02:00,710 --> 00:02:06,250
71
+ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู€ 1ุŸ 1 2 3 ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ F1
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:02:10,260 --> 00:02:14,640
75
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู ูˆุงุญุฏุŸ ุงู†ุนูƒุงุณ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุตูŠุฑ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:14,640 --> 00:02:20,620
79
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุดูˆู ู„ู…ูŠู† ุจุชู‚ุงุจู„
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:20,620 --> 00:02:26,080
83
+ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงู†ุฏูŠ ุจุงู ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:26,080 --> 00:02:30,340
87
+ ุงู†ุนูƒุงุณ ุญูˆู„ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุญุตู„ ู…ุนุงูŠุงุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:30,340 --> 00:02:38,530
91
+ ูˆู‡ุงูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆู‡ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงู†ุนูƒุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:38,530 --> 00:02:45,330
95
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ F ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ุงุณูŠ ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:45,330 --> 00:02:52,050
99
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฐูƒุฑู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ beta ุงู„ beta
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:52,050 --> 00:02:56,190
103
+ ุงูŠุด ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:56,190 --> 00:03:03,550
107
+ ุชุจุน ุนู† ุงูŠุด ูƒุงู†ุช ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:03:03,550 --> 00:03:12,100
111
+ beta ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆุฃูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ beta ูƒุงู†ุช ูˆุงุญุฏ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:03:12,100 --> 00:03:20,160
115
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุซุจุชู†ุง ู…ูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง ุซุจุชู†ุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:03:20,160 --> 00:03:25,460
119
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุซุงุจุช ูุบูŠุฑู†ุง ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:25,460 --> 00:03:33,600
123
+ ู‡ูŠ F1 ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† F1 ุทุจ ูˆุงู„ alpha beta ุงูŠุด ูƒุงู†ุช
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:33,600 --> 00:03:42,630
127
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†1,2,3 ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุถุฑุจู†ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ 2,1,3
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:42,630 --> 00:03:48,950
131
+ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชุซุจุช ู‡ุงู† ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฃู
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:48,950 --> 00:03:53,910
135
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ alpha ุชุฑุจูŠู‡ beta ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠุด
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:53,910 --> 00:04:03,370
139
+ ู‡ู†ุซุจุช ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณ ู…ุด 1,2,3 1,3,2 ูˆ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:04:03,370 --> 00:04:06,890
143
+ ุงู„ alpha ุชุฑุจูŠู‡ beta ู‡ู†ุซุจุช ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:04:20,220 --> 00:04:24,100
147
+ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ูˆ ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ D4
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:04:32,950 --> 00:04:38,090
151
+ ุนุฏุฏ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ D4 ุจุฏูŠ ุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุนุฏุฏ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:04:38,090 --> 00:04:48,270
155
+ S4 24 ูู…ุด ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุทุจ ู…ุด ู„ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู„ุฃ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:04:48,270 --> 00:04:53,070
159
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ R0 R90 R270 ุฅู„ู‰ ุขุฎุฑู‡ุง ูˆู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:04:53,070 --> 00:04:56,750
163
+ permutationุงู† ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู† ูƒู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุฌุฒูŠุฉ ูˆ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:56,750 --> 00:05:01,630
167
+ ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงูŠุด ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุดุงุจู‡ ุงู† ุนู†ุงุตุฑ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:05:01,630 --> 00:05:06,530
171
+ ุงู„ D4 ุจูŠู‚ุงุจู„ูˆุง ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ S4 ุงู„ D4 ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:05:06,530 --> 00:05:16,630
175
+ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ R0 ุงู„ R90 ุงู„ R80 180 ุงู„ R270 ูˆ ู…ูŠู† ุนู†ุฏู‰
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:05:16,630 --> 00:05:23,590
179
+ ูƒู…ุงู†H ูˆD ูˆD
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:05:23,590 --> 00:05:35,330
183
+ ูˆD ูˆD ุดุฑุทุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ R ุชุณุนูŠู† ุชุณุงุดุฑ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:05:35,330 --> 00:05:39,970
187
+ ุงู† ุงู„ D ููˆุฑ ู…ุจุงุฑุญ ุนู† ุงูŠุด ุฏูˆุฑุงู†ุงุช ูˆ ุนูƒุณุงุช ูˆูŠู† ููŠ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:05:39,970 --> 00:05:44,170
191
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏุฃุช ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:05:44,170 --> 00:05:51,270
195
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉูˆR90 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏูˆุฑุงู† ุจุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ 90 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุนูƒุณ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:05:51,270 --> 00:05:56,970
199
+ ุนู‚ุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุณู…ุงุนูŠุฉ 1 2 3 4 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ุช ุงู†ุง
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:05:56,970 --> 00:06:05,230
203
+ ูƒ permutation 1 2 3 4 ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูŠุด ุตุงุฑ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:06:05,230 --> 00:06:09,850
207
+ ู„ู…ูŠู† ุฑุงุญุŸ ู„ู„ุงุฑุจุน ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู†
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:06:11,790 --> 00:06:16,370
211
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูŠู‡ ุตุงุฑ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุตุงุฑ ู…ูƒุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:06:16,370 --> 00:06:28,350
215
+ ุตุงุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุงุฑุจุน ู„ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฎุฏู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ Alpha ู‡ูˆ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:06:28,350 --> 00:06:33,810
219
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุณ ู„ุฃ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุฎุทุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ ..
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:06:34,060 --> 00:06:38,500
223
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุงู†ุงุช ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ู…ุฏุงู„ ู…ูŠู†
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:06:38,500 --> 00:06:43,200
227
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ ูˆูŠู† ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ ุตุงุฑ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:06:43,200 --> 00:06:47,520
231
+ ู…ูƒุงู† ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู†
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:06:47,520 --> 00:06:52,260
235
+ ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุงุฑุจุน ูˆุงู„ุงุฑุจุน
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:06:52,260 --> 00:06:56,200
239
+ ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ุง
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:06:56,200 --> 00:07:07,800
243
+ ู„ุง ุจุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุณ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุงู„ูุชุฑุจูŠุน R180
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:07:07,800 --> 00:07:20,280
247
+ ุงู„ู ุชูƒุฆูŠุจ R90 ุงู„ู ุชูƒุฆูŠุจ R270 ุงู„ู ุงุต ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:07:20,280 --> 00:07:22,400
251
+ identity
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:07:23,340 --> 00:07:28,080
255
+ ุงู„ุจุตุงุฑุฉ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงูˆู„ ุงุฑุจุน ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ D4 ู…ุซู„ุชูˆุง ุงู†ุง
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:07:28,080 --> 00:07:33,140
259
+ ุจู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุงู„ูุฉ ูˆุงู„ูุฉ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ูุฉ ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ูˆู…ูŠู†ุŸ ูˆุงู„
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:07:33,140 --> 00:07:39,840
263
+ identity ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ beta ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูˆู†ุดูˆู ุงูŠุด
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:07:39,840 --> 00:07:45,420
267
+ ุจุชู…ุซู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:07:45,420 --> 00:07:49,000
271
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:07:52,190 --> 00:07:57,990
275
+ ู‡ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ู‰ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุตุจุฑ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:07:57,990 --> 00:08:04,710
279
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุณ ุงูŠุด ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู†ุชู‚ู„
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:08:04,710 --> 00:08:09,270
283
+ ู„ู„ุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:08:09,270 --> 00:08:17,530
287
+ ุงุชุจุฏู„ูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุงู†ุนูƒุงุณ ุงู†ุนูƒุงุณ horizontal ู„ูŠู‡ ู…ูŠู†
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:08:17,530 --> 00:08:25,920
291
+ H ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู…ุซู„ ู…ูŠู†ุงู„ู€ H ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ beta ุชุฑุจูŠุน
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:08:25,920 --> 00:08:31,000
295
+ ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ identity ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ Alpha
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:08:31,000 --> 00:08:38,900
299
+ Beta ูˆ Alpha ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ Beta ูˆ Alpha ุชูƒุฑูŠุจ Beta ูƒู„
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:08:38,900 --> 00:08:45,600
303
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‡ุชู…ุซู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุทุจุนุง
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:08:45,600 --> 00:08:49,060
307
+ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ ุชุญุณุจู‡ู… Calculate
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:08:52,900 --> 00:09:03,620
311
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุงู† ุงู„ D4 ุจุชุดุงุจู‡ ุงู„ identity Alpha Alpha
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:09:03,620 --> 00:09:09,180
315
+ ุชุฑุจูŠู‡ Alpha ุชูƒูŠูŠุจ Alpha Beta Alpha ุชุฑุจูŠู‡ Beta
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:09:09,180 --> 00:09:13,080
319
+ Alpha ุชูƒูŠูŠุจ Beta ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ Alpha Beta ูˆุงู„Alpha ุชุฑุจูŠู‡
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:09:13,080 --> 00:09:17,820
323
+ Beta ูˆุงู„Alpha ุชูƒูŠูŠุจ Beta ู‡ูŠู…ุซู„ูˆุง ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ V
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:09:17,820 --> 00:09:20,780
327
+ ูˆุงู„D ูˆุงู„D ุดุงุทุฉ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:09:24,720 --> 00:09:37,920
331
+ 8 ุงู†ุง ู†ุงุณูŠ ุงุญุท ุงู„ beta ู‡ุฏูˆู„
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:09:37,920 --> 00:09:44,320
335
+ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ S4 ู…ุด ุงู„ S4 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏู‰ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏูˆุง
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:09:44,320 --> 00:09:49,940
339
+ isomorphism ู‡ุณูŠู†ุง ู†ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ DN as a copy of
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:09:49,940 --> 00:09:57,290
343
+ subgroup of SNุงู„ DN ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ copy ู„ sub group ุงู„ SN
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:09:57,290 --> 00:10:05,730
347
+ ุทุจุนุง ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ DN ุงุดู…ุงู„ู‡ุง not abelian ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจุชุดุงุจู‡ ุฌุฒุก
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:10:05,730 --> 00:10:09,770
351
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ SN ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู„ู‚ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ุงู„ SN
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:10:09,770 --> 00:10:15,250
355
+ ุงุดู…ุงู„ู‡ุง not abelian ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ SN not abelian
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:10:27,870 --> 00:10:37,850
359
+ cycle notation ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:10:37,850 --> 00:10:41,110
363
+ ุงู„ cycle notation ุดุจุงุจ ู„ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุงุช
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:10:41,110 --> 00:10:47,230
367
+ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:10:47,230 --> 00:10:51,790
371
+ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุฃูƒุชุจ ุณุทุฑูŠู† ูˆ ุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุน ู„ุฃู†ู‡
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:10:51,790 --> 00:10:54,290
375
+ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ูˆ ุงู„๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุงู†ูŠ ู„ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:10:54,290 --> 00:11:01,530
379
+ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠ ุงูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุฎุชุตุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู†
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:11:01,530 --> 00:11:05,510
383
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ order ุจุดูƒู„ ุณู‡ู„ ู…ู†
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:11:05,510 --> 00:11:10,360
387
+ ุฏูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูˆุญ ุงู†ุง ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ุฃุฏุฑูˆุง ููŠ ู†ูุณ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆ ู…ุฑุชูŠู† ุฃูˆ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:11:10,360 --> 00:11:15,240
391
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุตู„ ุงู„ order ุดุบู„ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุจุชููŠุฏู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:11:15,240 --> 00:11:21,860
395
+ ุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ุงู„ cyclic subgroup ู…ู† ุงู„ SN ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ SN ู…ุด
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:11:21,860 --> 00:11:27,240
399
+ abelian ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุฃุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:11:27,240 --> 00:11:33,070
403
+ subgroup ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูˆ ุฃุดูˆู ุงู„ cyclic subgroupู„ุฃ ู…ุด ู‚ุตุฉ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:11:33,070 --> 00:11:36,070
407
+ ุฃุตุนุจุŒ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ group ู…ุด
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:11:36,070 --> 00:11:40,150
411
+ abelian ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุง ูุงู„ุฃูุถู„ ุฃุชุนุงู…ู„
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:11:40,150 --> 00:11:44,910
415
+ ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุฃุณู‡ู„ุŒ ุงู„ุฃุณู‡ู„
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:11:44,910 --> 00:11:50,210
419
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ abelian ุซู… ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:11:50,210 --> 00:11:57,240
423
+ ุงู„ cycle ุดุบู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ orderุจุตูŠ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:11:57,240 --> 00:12:04,860
427
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ูู‰ ุญุณุงุจู‡ ูู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ุนุดุงู† ุงุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:12:04,860 --> 00:12:07,980
431
+ ู‡ู„ alpha ูู‰ beta ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ beta ูู‰ alpha ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:12:07,980 --> 00:12:11,640
435
+ ู…ุงุจุชุณุงูˆูŠุด ุงู„ cyclic notation ุงูˆ ุงู„ cycle notation
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:12:11,640 --> 00:12:17,880
439
+ ุจุฑูŠุญู†ูŠ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู‡ุงู† ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุงู„ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุฎุฏุช alpha ุจู‡ุฐุง
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:12:17,880 --> 00:12:24,180
443
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ู†ูƒุจุฑู‡ุง
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:12:24,180 --> 00:12:25,140
447
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:12:30,110 --> 00:12:34,090
451
+ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ู„ู„ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:12:34,090 --> 00:12:40,630
455
+ ู„ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ู„ุณุชุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณุชุฉ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:12:40,630 --> 00:12:45,050
459
+ ู„ู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุฎู„ู‘ูŠ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุฑูˆุญ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:12:45,050 --> 00:12:51,950
463
+ ู„ู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ุงุฏูŠ permutation ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฑูˆุญ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:12:51,950 --> 00:12:56,190
467
+ ุฃุณู‡ู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ cycle notation ุจู…ูƒุงู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:12:56,190 --> 00:13:04,290
471
+ ุฃูุชุญ ุฌูˆุณุฃุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู…ู† ุจูŠุฑูˆุญุŸ ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠู†
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:13:04,290 --> 00:13:10,150
475
+ ุจุงุฌุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ู„ู…ู† ุจูŠุฑูˆุญุŸ ู„ู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุจุงุฌุน ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ู„ู…ู†
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:13:10,150 --> 00:13:17,530
479
+ ุจุชุฑูˆุญุŸ ู„ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุทุจ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจุงุฌุน ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:13:17,530 --> 00:13:23,530
483
+ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุณุชุฉ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:13:23,530 --> 00:13:29,930
487
+ ู„ู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุทุจุนุง ุงู†ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงูู‡ู… ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุงู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:13:29,930 --> 00:13:35,650
491
+ ู„ู„ุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ู„ู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:13:35,650 --> 00:13:40,790
495
+ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ู„ุณุชุฉ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ู„ู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ู„ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:13:40,790 --> 00:13:45,030
499
+ ูˆุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ุงุฑุจุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุงูƒุชุจ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:13:45,030 --> 00:13:51,070
503
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู† ุงุณู‡ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฒูŠ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:13:51,070 --> 00:13:51,450
507
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:13:57,220 --> 00:14:01,860
511
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ู„ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:14:01,860 --> 00:14:10,620
515
+ ูˆุงู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู„ู„ .. ูˆุงู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู„ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ู„ุชู†ูŠู†
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:14:10,620 --> 00:14:17,400
519
+ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ู„ู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ู„ู„ุณุชุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูŠ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:14:17,400 --> 00:14:26,800
523
+ ุงูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุจุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู…ู† ู„ู†ูุณู‡ ุจุณูƒุฑู„ุฃ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:14:26,800 --> 00:14:31,760
527
+ ู…ุงุฌูˆู„ุด ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒูŠูุŸ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:14:31,760 --> 00:14:38,400
531
+ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุงุฌู‰ ุตูŠู† ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงู†ุŸ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู†
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:14:38,400 --> 00:14:45,400
535
+ ู„ู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู„ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู†
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:14:45,400 --> 00:14:52,040
539
+ ู‡ุชูˆุญ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:14:52,040 --> 00:14:58,100
543
+ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุฃู†ุตุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุจุณูƒุฑุทูŠุจุŒ ุจุนุฏ ูƒุฏู‡ุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:14:58,100 --> 00:15:02,020
547
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ุงุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ ุฎู„ุตุชู‡ู…ุŒ ู…ูŠู† ุจุนุฏู‡๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:15:02,020 --> 00:15:07,140
551
+ ุงู„ุณุชุฉุŒ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ู„ู…ูŠู† ุจุชุฑุฌุนุŸ ู„ู„ุณุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:15:07,140 --> 00:15:16,980
555
+ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุฌูˆุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุตุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุจู„ุฒู…ู†ูŠุดุŒ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:15:16,980 --> 00:15:20,930
559
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠ ุฃุดู…ุงู„ูŠุฃุดูŠู„ู‡ู… ุงูˆ ุจุชู‚ู„ูŠ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:15:20,930 --> 00:15:24,610
563
+ ุจูู‡ู… ุงู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุงู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:15:24,610 --> 00:15:40,190
567
+ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุดู…ู„ู‡ู… ูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง ู„ู†ูุณู‡ู… ุทุจ ุชุนุงู„ูŠ ู†ุถุบุท ู„ูˆ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:15:40,190 --> 00:15:45,090
571
+ ู‚ูˆู„ุช Alpha ููŠ Beta ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠุดุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:15:45,090 --> 00:15:51,570
575
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:15:51,570 --> 00:15:59,390
579
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุงู†ุง ู†ุฌู‘ู„ู†ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:15:59,390 --> 00:16:08,870
583
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุชุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:16:08,870 --> 00:16:16,930
587
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุจุนุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ุช
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:16:16,930 --> 00:16:24,590
591
+ ุงู†ุงูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ุงุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ ุณุชุฉุŒ ุณุจุนุฉุŒ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:16:24,590 --> 00:16:31,750
595
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุงุฌูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:16:31,750 --> 00:16:38,010
599
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุทูŠู†ูŠู† ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:16:38,010 --> 00:16:43,330
603
+ ู„ู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู„ุทูŠู†ูŠู† ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:16:44,030 --> 00:16:48,650
607
+ ู„ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ูŠูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ู„ุณุชุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:16:48,650 --> 00:16:53,650
611
+ ู„ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูŠูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:16:53,650 --> 00:16:58,710
615
+ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ู„ุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ู„ู„ุณุจุนุฉ ูŠูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ู„ุณุจุนุฉ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:16:58,710 --> 00:17:02,950
619
+ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ู„ู„ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ู„ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูŠูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ู‡ุชุฑูˆุญ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:17:02,950 --> 00:17:08,690
623
+ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ู„ู„ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ู„ู„ุชู…ุงู† ูŠูƒุจุฑ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:17:08,690 --> 00:17:13,830
627
+ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุŸุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:17:13,830 --> 00:17:18,370
631
+ ูŠูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู…ุง ุงู„acyclic ุงูˆ cycle
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:17:18,370 --> 00:17:23,130
635
+ notation ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู„ุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:17:23,130 --> 00:17:31,870
639
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ู„ุณุชุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณุช ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู„ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:17:31,870 --> 00:17:39,090
643
+ ูˆุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉุทุจ ู„ุงุญุธ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:17:39,090 --> 00:17:43,610
647
+ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏุฑุจ ู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุฑูŠู†
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:17:43,610 --> 00:17:52,990
651
+ ู‡ู„ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุถุฑุจ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ using cycle notation
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:17:52,990 --> 00:17:59,370
655
+ ุงู„ alpha ููŠ beta ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠุด ุฎุท ุงู„ alpha ูˆุงุญุฏ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:17:59,370 --> 00:18:10,320
659
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุจุนุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉุงู„ููŠุชุง ุงุชู†ูŠู†
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:18:10,320 --> 00:18:21,820
663
+ ุงุฑุจุน ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ูƒูŠู ุจุฏู‡ ุงุถุบุท ู…ุงุฏุงู…
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:18:21,820 --> 00:18:26,700
667
+ ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ูƒูŠู ู†ุถุบุท ุจุจุฏุฃ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:18:26,700 --> 00:18:33,400
671
+ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฃุณู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู„ุง ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูƒ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:18:33,400 --> 00:18:39,040
675
+ ูˆู„ุง ู†ูุณู‡ ุจูƒู…ู„ ุทุจุนุง ุจุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุฏุงูŠู…ุงู…ู† ุงู„ุจุนูŠุฏ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:18:39,040 --> 00:18:46,500
679
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู‡ุงู†ุง ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุงู†ุง ู„ู†ูุณู‡ ูˆ ู‡ุงู†
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:18:46,500 --> 00:18:53,660
683
+ ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ู„ู…ู† ุจูŠุฑูˆุญุŸ ู„ุฃ ู‡ุงู†ุง ู‡ุงู†ุง
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:18:53,660 --> 00:18:59,660
687
+ ู‡ุงู†ุง ุจุงุฌูŠ ู‡ุงู†ุงุŸ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ู„ู…ู† ุจูŠุฑุฌุนุŸ ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:18:59,660 --> 00:19:08,040
691
+ ุจุณูƒู‘ู ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ู…ู† ุจูŠุฑูˆุญุŸู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠูƒุจุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:19:08,040 --> 00:19:15,100
695
+ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูŠูƒุจุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุณุชุฉ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:19:15,100 --> 00:19:23,220
699
+ ุจุณูƒู‘ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู†ูุณู‡ ูŠูƒุจุฑ ุฃุฑุจุน ู„ุฃุฑุจุน ูŠูƒุจุฑ ุฃุฑุจุน
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:19:23,220 --> 00:19:29,840
703
+ ู„ุฃุฑุจุน ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูŠูƒุจุฑ ุฃุฑุจุน ู„ุฃุฑุจุน ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:19:29,840 --> 00:19:38,820
707
+ ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุทูŠุจุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:19:38,820 --> 00:19:47,420
711
+ ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ู„ุณุชุฉ ุณุชุฉ ู„ุณุชุฉ ูˆ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:19:47,420 --> 00:19:54,320
715
+ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฎู„ุตูˆุง ุฎู„ุตูˆุง ุทู„ุน ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:19:54,320 --> 00:19:58,860
719
+ ู‡ุงู† ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู† ู…ูŠู† ุฃุณู‡ู„ ุฃุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุดูƒู„
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:19:58,860 --> 00:20:03,370
723
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ ู„ุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุงุทูŠุจ ุชุนุงู„ูŠ ู†ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ beta alpha
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:20:03,370 --> 00:20:08,190
727
+ ุจุงู„ุณู…ุงุก ู„ู„ cycle ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:20:08,190 --> 00:20:19,250
731
+ ุนู† 2 4 3 5 ููŠ 6 7 ููŠ 1 2 7 3 5 6 8 4 ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:20:19,250 --> 00:20:25,070
735
+ ู„ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู†ุง ุจุดุฑุญ ูƒูŠู ู†ุถุฑุจ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:20:25,070 --> 00:20:29,070
739
+ ุจุงู„cycle notation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุณ ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุถู…ู† ู…ุซุงู„
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:20:30,370 --> 00:20:34,390
743
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุฑูˆุญุŸ ู„ุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุชู†ูŠู† ูŠูƒุจุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุชู†ูŠู†
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:20:34,390 --> 00:20:41,250
747
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ูŠูƒุจุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุงุฑุจุน ุทูŠุจ ุบู„ุท
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:20:41,250 --> 00:20:49,230
751
+ ุงู†ูŠ ุงุณูƒุช ู‡ู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุน ุงุฑุจุน ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:20:49,230 --> 00:20:53,430
755
+ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ูŠูƒุจุฑ ุฏูŠุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุฑุจุน ูˆุฑุฌุนุช ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:20:53,430 --> 00:20:58,010
759
+ ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทูŠุจ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:20:58,010 --> 00:21:06,060
763
+ ุชู†ูŠู†ุชู†ูŠู† ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ุง ุณุจุนุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุณุช ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู†ูุณู‡
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:21:06,060 --> 00:21:11,180
767
+ ูŠูƒุจุฑ ุชู†ูŠู† ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ุง ุณุชุฉ ุณุชุฉ ู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู†ูุณู‡
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:21:11,180 --> 00:21:15,880
771
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ ูŠูƒุจุฑ ุณุชุฉ ู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:21:15,880 --> 00:21:20,640
775
+ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูŠูƒุจุฑ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:21:20,640 --> 00:21:25,940
779
+ ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุจุณูƒุฑ ุงู†ุง ุญุงุณูŠุจ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:21:25,940 --> 00:21:30,030
783
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:21:30,030 --> 00:21:35,310
787
+ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุณุชุฉ ุณุชุฉ ู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:21:35,310 --> 00:21:42,230
791
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุฎู„ุตู‡ ู„ุงู† ุณุจุนุฉ ู‡ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:21:42,230 --> 00:21:46,690
795
+ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชุฑุฌุน ู„ู…ูŠู† ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:21:46,690 --> 00:21:47,670
799
+ ุงูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:21:55,620 --> 00:22:01,340
803
+ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุณุชุฉ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:22:01,340 --> 00:22:08,540
807
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:22:08,540 --> 00:22:14,200
811
+ ู„ู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ู„ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:22:14,200 --> 00:22:20,020
815
+ ุฌุฑุจ ุงุนูƒุณ ูˆ ุงุถุบุท ูˆุดูˆู ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ู…ุนุงูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูˆู„ุง
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:22:20,020 --> 00:22:26,430
819
+ ู„ุฃ ูƒูŠู ุทู„ุนุช ู…ู† ู‡ุงู„ู‡ุงู„ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุฑูˆุญุŸุฏู‡ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุน
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:22:26,430 --> 00:22:31,190
823
+ ุงูŠู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุน ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ูƒูŠู ุถุฑุจุช ู…ู† ู‡ุงู„ ..
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:22:31,190 --> 00:22:36,990
827
+ ู…ู† ู‡ุงู„ ู„ู‡ุงู„ ุจุฏู†ุง ุจุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:22:36,990 --> 00:22:40,150
831
+ ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠูƒุจุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู†
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:22:40,150 --> 00:22:43,710
835
+ ู„ุงุฑุจุน ูŠูƒุจุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุงุฑุจุน ูŠูƒุจุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:22:43,710 --> 00:22:47,050
839
+ ู„ุงุฑุจุน ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุณุจุนุฉ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:22:50,640 --> 00:22:54,820
843
+ ุนุดุงู† ูŠูู‡ู… ุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ุฑุงุญุช ู„ู„ุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:22:54,820 --> 00:22:58,580
847
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุฑุงุญุช ู„ู„ุงุฑุจุน ู‡ูŠ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:22:58,580 --> 00:23:05,020
851
+ ุจุณ ู‡ูˆ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุณุชูˆุนุจู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ู‚ูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:23:05,020 --> 00:23:08,560
855
+ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูŠููƒุฑู†ูŠ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:23:08,560 --> 00:23:12,880
859
+ ุจุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู†
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:23:12,880 --> 00:23:16,780
863
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠูƒุจุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุฃ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:23:16,780 --> 00:23:22,510
867
+ ู…ุด ุดูƒุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู„ุดุงู† ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:23:22,510 --> 00:23:26,030
871
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ูุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูู„ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:23:26,030 --> 00:23:29,290
875
+ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ููƒุฑู†ูŠ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุจุฏุฃ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:23:29,290 --> 00:23:37,170
879
+ ุจู…ูŠู† ุจุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูƒู…ู„ ุฎู„ุตุช ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฑุงุญุช ู„ู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:23:37,170 --> 00:23:42,860
883
+ ู‡ู„ุฌูŠุช ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŸ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฑุงุญุช ู„ุช ..ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:23:42,860 --> 00:23:45,780
887
+ ุฑุฌุนุช ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฑุฌุนุช ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠู‚ุจู„ ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ุง
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:23:45,780 --> 00:23:50,860
891
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุชุฑุฌุน ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒู…ู„ ุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:23:50,860 --> 00:23:55,880
895
+ ู„ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุณุชุฉ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูŠู‚ุจู„ ุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุณุชุฉ ุณุชุฉ ู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:23:55,880 --> 00:23:59,340
899
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูŠู‚ุจู„ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:23:59,340 --> 00:24:04,040
903
+ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ูุถู„ ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฑุงุญุช ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฑุงุญุช
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:24:04,040 --> 00:24:08,600
907
+ ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฑุงุญุช ู„ู„ุงู†ุฒุงู„ุฉ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:24:08,600 --> 00:24:15,670
911
+ ุจุณู„ูˆุฉุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุณ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฑุงุญ ู„ู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฑุงุญ ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠู†
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:24:15,670 --> 00:24:20,370
915
+ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุฑุงุญุช ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุงูŠุด ุจู‚ู‰ ูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ุช ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู†
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:24:20,370 --> 00:24:24,250
919
+ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุฑุงุญ ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ู„ู…ูŠู† ุฑุงุญุŸ ุงูŠุด ุจู‚ุงุด
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:24:24,250 --> 00:24:29,670
923
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู„ู…ูŠู†
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:24:29,670 --> 00:24:39,590
927
+ ุฑุงุญุชุŸ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ูˆุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:24:39,590 --> 00:24:40,870
931
+ ุงูŠุด ุจุงู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู„ู…ูŠู† ุฑุงุญุชุŸ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:24:44,260 --> 00:24:50,980
935
+ ู…ุถุญูƒุŸ ุนุดุงู† ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูƒ ุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุญุงูŠุฏุŒ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:24:50,980 --> 00:24:55,220
939
+ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ูู„ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุจู‚ู‰ ู„ู†ูุณู‡
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:25:17,120 --> 00:25:23,740
943
+ ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุงู„ identity ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:25:23,740 --> 00:25:28,280
947
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุนู†ุฏ ุงู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:25:28,280 --> 00:25:33,300
951
+ ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุงู† ู„ุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:25:33,300 --> 00:25:39,640
955
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุงู„ identity ุนู„ู‰
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:25:39,640 --> 00:25:41,720
959
+ ุดูƒู„ cycle
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:25:45,440 --> 00:25:53,380
963
+ theorem ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:25:53,380 --> 00:25:59,020
967
+ ุงู„ุฃู†ูุง ุณุงุนุฏุง ุบุงู„ุจูŠุฉ ุดุบู„ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุงุด ููŠ ุงู„ cycle
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:25:59,020 --> 00:26:03,220
971
+ notation ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูˆ ุฃุณุฑุน ููŠ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจุงุช
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:26:03,220 --> 00:26:07,760
975
+ theorem ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ูƒุชุจู‡ุง ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู†
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:26:07,760 --> 00:26:11,360
979
+ ู†ูู‡ู… ุนู† ุฅูŠุด ุจุชูƒู„ู… every permutation
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:26:16,440 --> 00:26:23,200
983
+ of a finite set ุทุจุนุง ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุญุตุฑู†ุง ุดุบู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:26:23,200 --> 00:26:35,300
987
+ section ููŠ ุงู„ finite set a can be written as a
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:26:35,300 --> 00:26:43,920
991
+ cycle or a product of
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:26:43,920 --> 00:26:45,860
995
+ this joint
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:27:05,390 --> 00:27:12,250
999
+ cycles ุดุจุงุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ุดุฑุญ ุงู‚ุฏุฑู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:27:12,250 --> 00:27:17,330
1003
+ ุงู† ุงูŠ permutation ุงุดุชุบู„ู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:27:17,330 --> 00:27:24,910
1007
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉูƒู†ุง ุฌุงุฏุฑูŠู† ู†ุญุทู‡ุง ููŠ ุดูƒู„ cycles ุทุจุนุง ู…ู…ูƒู†
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:27:24,910 --> 00:27:29,750
1011
+ cycle ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ alpha ุงูˆ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:27:29,750 --> 00:27:32,090
1015
+ disjoint cycles ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู‚ูˆู„ disjoint cycles ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:27:32,090 --> 00:27:38,610
1019
+ ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ beta ุจู†ุญุท ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:27:38,610 --> 00:27:43,170
1023
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุนู…ู„ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ู‡
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:27:43,170 --> 00:27:45,930
1027
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงู‚ุฏุฑ ุงูƒุชุจ cycle notation ุงู„
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:27:45,930 --> 00:27:49,970
1031
+ permutationู…ุด ูู‚ุท ุฎุงุต ููŠ ุงู„ alpha ูˆ ุงู„ beta ุชุจุนุชูŠ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:27:49,970 --> 00:27:55,110
1035
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุฃ ุฃูŠ permutation ุนู„ู‰ finite set ุจู‚ุฏุฑ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:27:55,110 --> 00:28:01,230
1039
+ ุฃุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุฅุซุจุงุช ุฃู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู†
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:28:01,230 --> 00:28:05,450
1043
+ every permutation of a finite set A ู‡ุงุฎุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ let
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:28:05,450 --> 00:28:14,650
1047
+ alpha be a permutation on
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:28:14,650 --> 00:28:23,730
1051
+ the setA ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฏู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ุง
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:28:23,730 --> 00:28:31,590
1055
+ ุงุฎุฏุช permutation ุนู„ู‰ finite ุณุชุฉ ุทูŠุจ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:28:31,590 --> 00:28:34,730
1059
+ ุญุงุฌุงุช
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:28:34,730 --> 00:28:40,570
1063
+ ุงู„ permutation ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠุด ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ุณุฌู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:28:40,570 --> 00:28:48,610
1067
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู‚ุชุฑุงู† ุงู‚ุชุฑุงู† ุงุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ูŠุจูŠู†ุฌู„
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:28:48,610 --> 00:28:56,330
1071
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:28:56,330 --> 00:28:56,470
1075
+ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:28:56,470 --> 00:29:00,550
1079
+ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:29:00,550 --> 00:29:00,890
1083
+ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:29:00,890 --> 00:29:03,550
1087
+ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:29:03,550 --> 00:29:05,590
1091
+ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:29:05,590 --> 00:29:10,150
1095
+ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:29:10,150 --> 00:29:12,910
1099
+ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุช
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:29:17,240 --> 00:29:22,600
1103
+ ุงู„ู€ alpha ู‡ูŠู†ุฌู„ ุงู„ 1 ู„ a1 ูˆ ูŠู†ุฌู„ ุงู„ a1 alpha a1
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:29:22,600 --> 00:29:28,660
1107
+ ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ a2 ู‡ูŠู†ุฌู„ ุงู„ a2 ุทุจุนุง ู„ู…ุง ุงู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ 1 ู„
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:29:28,660 --> 00:29:33,760
1111
+ a1 ุจ alpha ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ูƒู†ุช ุจู‚ูˆู„ alpha ุงู„ 1 ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ a1ุจุฏูŠ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:29:33,760 --> 00:29:37,640
1115
+ ุงูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ alpha ุนู„ู‰ a1 ูˆ ุงูˆุตู„ ู„ a2 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:29:37,640 --> 00:29:43,380
1119
+ ุงู„ alpha a1 ุฏูŠ ุณุงูˆูŠ a2 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ alpha ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุฏูŠ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:29:43,380 --> 00:29:48,180
1123
+ ุณุงูˆูŠ a2 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ alpha ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุฏูŠ ุณุงูˆูŠ a2
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:29:48,180 --> 00:29:54,800
1127
+ ุทูŠุจ ูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ a2 ุจุงู„ alpha ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ a3 ุจุงู„ alpha ู„ a4
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:29:54,800 --> 00:30:00,820
1131
+ ุจุงู„ alpha ู„ a5 ุจุณ ุงู†ุณุงุด ุงู†ูƒ ุชุดุบู„ ูˆูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู„ุญุธุฉ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:30:00,820 --> 00:30:07,620
1135
+ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉู‡ุชุฑุฌุน ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูƒ ุดุบุงู„ Alpha
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:30:07,620 --> 00:30:13,720
1139
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃูุณ N ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:30:13,720 --> 00:30:22,720
1143
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุฏูŠูˆุญ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ A ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ A ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ A ุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:30:22,720 --> 00:30:28,480
1147
+ A ุชู†ูŠู† ู„ A ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุนู†ุฏ ู…ู†ุŸ A N ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†ุŸ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:30:29,110 --> 00:30:32,150
1151
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู† ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุฃู„ูู‡ุง ูˆ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ู‡ุงุฏ a ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ู‡ุงุฏ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:30:32,150 --> 00:30:39,610
1155
+ ู…ูŠู† a and ุจุณ ููŠ ุบู„ุท ุงู„ and ุฃู†ุง ู…ุณุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุบู…ุณู…ุฉ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:30:39,610 --> 00:30:44,770
1159
+ ุงู„ and ู…ุณุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ูุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ and ู‡ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุซู„ุง m a and
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:30:44,770 --> 00:30:52,910
1163
+ ุทูŠุจ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุณ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:30:52,910 --> 00:30:53,890
1167
+ ุจู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:30:57,290 --> 00:31:04,890
1171
+ ุฎู„ุตุช ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู€ A ู†ุถู…ู†ุด ูุฌุฃุฉ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู€ A ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู†
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:31:04,890 --> 00:31:10,930
1175
+ ุฎู„ุตุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ AM ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ู…ุง ุชุฎู„ุตุด ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ุซู„ุง ุจูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุง
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:31:10,930 --> 00:31:15,550
1179
+ ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุงู„ูุด
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:31:15,550 --> 00:31:20,010
1183
+ ู‡ุชุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ ุจูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุชู†ุฌู„ู‡ุง ู„ ุจูŠ ุชู†ูŠู† ุจุนุฏูŠู†
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:31:20,010 --> 00:31:24,920
1187
+ ู‡ุชู†ุฌู„ู‡ุง ู„ ุจูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุจุนุฏูŠู† ู‡ุชุฑุฌุน ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู„ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:31:24,920 --> 00:31:30,540
1191
+ B1 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ B1 ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ B2 ู„ B3 ู„
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:31:30,540 --> 00:31:34,600
1195
+ B1000 ูˆ ุชุฌู ุฎู„ุตู†ุง
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:31:35,630 --> 00:31:41,190
1199
+ ู‡ูŠ ู†ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุฎู„ุตูˆุง ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ a ูุจู†ุฌู ูˆ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ุงู„
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:31:41,190 --> 00:31:47,510
1203
+ alpha ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ุฅุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู‡ุฏููŠ ู‡ุฏู ู…ุฎู„ุตุด ุจุงุฎุฏ C1
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:31:47,510 --> 00:31:52,050
1207
+ ู„ุง ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ุง ู„ู‡ุง ุฏูˆู„ ูˆู„ุง ู„ู‡ุง ุฏูˆู„ ุจูƒู…ู„ ูŠุทู„ุน C1 ุน C2
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:31:52,050 --> 00:31:59,960
1211
+ ู„ุงู† CT ู…ุซู„ุง ุฎู„ุตุช ู‡ูŠ ุฎู„ุตุช ู…ุฎู„ุตุชุด ุจุชุงุฎุฏ D1ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:31:59,960 --> 00:32:05,060
1215
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุฎู„ุตุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ูƒ ุจุชุดุบู„ ุฃู†ุช ููŠู†ุŸ finite set ูููŠ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:32:05,060 --> 00:32:09,340
1219
+ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑุŒ ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ู†ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ CุŒ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ A1 ู„ุนู†
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:32:09,340 --> 00:32:16,360
1223
+ ุงู„ A MุŒ B1 ู„ุนู† ุงู„ B LุŒ C1 ู„ุนู† ุงู„ C TุŒ ูˆุชู†ุณุงุด ุฃู†ู‡
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:32:16,360 --> 00:32:22,750
1227
+ ูˆู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู‡ุงู†ุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸุชุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ P
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:32:22,750 --> 00:32:28,630
1231
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ุงุด ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ูุฌุฏ ู…ุง ุชู„ู ุงู„ P ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:32:28,630 --> 00:32:33,950
1235
+ ุชุฌูŠ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงู„ C ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู†ุช ู„ุง ุฃุฎุฏุช ู„ุง ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:32:33,950 --> 00:32:37,870
1239
+ ูˆู„ุง ู‡ู†ุง ูุฌุฏ ู…ุง ุชู„ู ุงู„ C ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงูŠ A
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:32:37,870 --> 00:32:43,210
1243
+ ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงูŠ P ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ this joint ู…ุด
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:32:43,210 --> 00:32:48,220
1247
+ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูˆู„ุง ุนู†ุตุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุงูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุงูˆุจุชุนู†ูŠ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:32:48,220 --> 00:32:52,520
1251
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู‚ู„ุชู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุงูŠ permutation ุจู‚ุฏุฑ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:32:52,520 --> 00:32:55,640
1255
+ ุงูƒุชุจู‡ุง this joint cycle ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู„ุฃูŠ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:32:55,640 --> 00:33:02,280
1259
+ permutation ุงู†ุง ุจุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ุงู†ู„ุฎุต ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุบุชุจ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:33:02,280 --> 00:33:06,960
1263
+ ู„ู‚ูŠุชุŸ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:33:08,530 --> 00:33:13,030
1267
+ A1 ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ุงู„ู€ A ุงุญู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดุฑุญ ูˆ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุตุงุฆู…
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:33:13,030 --> 00:33:16,470
1271
+ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุดูƒู„ ุณู‡ู„ ุงู†ุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุตุฑููŠ ูˆ ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:33:16,470 --> 00:33:21,130
1275
+ ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ู„ A1 ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง AN-1 ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุจุฏู„
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:33:21,130 --> 00:33:25,590
1279
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุนู…ู„ ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ let A1 ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ุงู„ A
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:33:25,590 --> 00:33:30,090
1283
+ then let
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:33:30,090 --> 00:33:37,410
1287
+ A2 ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Alpha A1A3 ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Alpha A2 ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:33:37,410 --> 00:33:45,530
1291
+ Alpha Alpha A1 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Alpha ุชุบุจูŠู‡ A1 A4
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:33:45,530 --> 00:33:58,190
1295
+ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ Alpha A3 ูŠุนู†ูŠ Alpha ุชูƒุนูŠุจ A1 Complete
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:33:58,190 --> 00:34:01,850
1299
+ until
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:34:01,850 --> 00:34:04,130
1303
+ we get that
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:34:07,710 --> 00:34:19,610
1307
+ A1 ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Alpha ุฃูุณ M ู„ A1 This must be happened
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:34:19,610 --> 00:34:32,940
1311
+ since A1 Alpha ุฃูุณ M since the set A is finiteุฃู†ุง
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:34:32,940 --> 00:34:37,120
1315
+ ุจุถู„ู†ูŠ ุดุบุงู„ ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ a ุฃู„ู ุฌูˆุงู‡ุง ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุง
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:34:37,120 --> 00:34:42,360
1319
+ ุงุชู„ุงุชู‡ ู„ุง ุงุฑุจุน ู„ุง ุนู†ุฏ ู…ุซู„ุง ุง ุงู… ุจุถู„ู†ูŠ ุฌูˆุงู‡ุง
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:34:42,360 --> 00:34:55,940
1323
+ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ since
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:34:55,940 --> 00:35:01,280
1327
+ we must get for some
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:35:04,170 --> 00:35:09,690
1331
+ I and J ุฐุงุช ู…ุฏุงู… ุฃู†ุง ุจุดุฑุจ finite ูู„ุงุฒู… ููŠ ู„ุญุธุฉ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:35:09,690 --> 00:35:15,270
1335
+ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุฃุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠ ู…ุนุงูŠุง Alpha I ู„ A1
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:35:15,270 --> 00:35:22,510
1339
+ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Alpha J ู„ A1 ุทุจุนุง ุชู†ุณุงุด ุฃู† ุงู„ Alpha one to
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:35:22,510 --> 00:35:29,070
1343
+ oneุนู„ู‰ ูุฅูŠู†ุงูŠุช 6 ูู‡ูŠ Pyjection ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฅู„ู‡ุง inverse
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:35:29,070 --> 00:35:32,490
1347
+ ูุงู†ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ inverse ุจุดูƒู„ ุณู‡ู„ ุงูŠูƒ ูุงู†ุง
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:35:32,490 --> 00:35:39,730
1351
+ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ alpha j ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ I ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ A ุฃูˆ ุงู„
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:35:39,730 --> 00:35:44,770
1355
+ I minus ุงู„ J ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ A ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Alpha Zero ุนู†ุฏ
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:35:44,770 --> 00:35:51,310
1359
+ ุงู„ A ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู…ูŠู† A ูˆุงุญุฏ take M
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:35:51,310 --> 00:35:57,060
1363
+ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ I minus Jูˆุญุทู‡ุง ู†ุฌูˆุณ ูˆุญุทู‡ุง ู†ุฌูˆุณ ุนุดุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:35:57,060 --> 00:36:05,300
1367
+ ู…ุงุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฌุซูŠู† ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงุนุชุฑุงุถูŠุฉ ุจุชูุณุฑ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ู†ุง we
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:36:05,300 --> 00:36:20,260
1371
+ get the cycle ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุนู†ุฏ ู…ูŠู† ุงูŠ ุงู… ุทูŠุจ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:36:20,260 --> 00:36:21,200
1375
+ choose
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:36:23,540 --> 00:36:34,620
1379
+ b1 ู„ุง ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ a1 a2 ู„ุง ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ am ุจูŠุชู†ูŠู†
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:36:34,620 --> 00:36:41,340
1383
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู ุจูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:36:41,340 --> 00:36:46,900
1387
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู ุชุฑุจูŠู‡ ุจูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ until we stop ู„ุฃู†
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:36:46,900 --> 00:36:53,120
1391
+ ู…ุง ูŠุงุด manager to get another
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:36:55,780 --> 00:37:05,140
1395
+ cycle ุจูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠ ุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุนู†ุฏ ุจูŠ ูƒูŠ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:37:05,140 --> 00:37:16,500
1399
+ ุจูŠ ุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุนู†ุฏ ุจูŠ ูƒูŠ ุจูŠ ุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุนู†ุฏ ุจูŠ ูƒูŠ ุจูŠ ุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุนู†ุฏ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:37:16,500 --> 00:37:26,420
1403
+ ุจูŠ ูƒูŠ ุจูŠ ุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุนู†ุฏ ุจูŠ ูƒูŠ ุจูŠ ุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุนู†ุฏ ุจูŠ ูƒูŠูˆู‡ูˆ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:37:26,420 --> 00:37:31,560
1407
+ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ุจ ุจู†ุถู„ู†ุง
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:37:31,560 --> 00:37:37,880
1411
+ ุดุบุงู„ูŠู† ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฎู„ุตูˆุง ูƒู„ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ A ูˆุจุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:37:37,880 --> 00:37:43,180
1415
+ disjoint cycles ู„ูŠุด disjoint ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจุŸ ู„ูŠุด
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:37:43,180 --> 00:37:49,180
1419
+ disjointุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ A ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ B
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:37:49,180 --> 00:37:50,580
1423
+ ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ C
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:38:36,020 --> 00:38:40,820
1427
+ ุดุจุงุจ ุงู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุงุฌู‰ ุจุงุฎุฏ ููŠ permutation ู…ุง ูˆ ุจูƒุชุจ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:38:40,820 --> 00:38:45,980
1431
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ cycle ุนุงุฏุฉ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:38:45,980 --> 00:38:51,480
1435
+ ุจุจุฏุฃ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุจุฎู„ุต ู„ูุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ู„ูŠ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:38:51,480 --> 00:38:55,460
1439
+ ุจูŠุธู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฎู„ุตุชูŠู† ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุงูƒู†ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:38:55,460 --> 00:39:00,460
1443
+ ุจุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุจุฎู„ุต ู„ูุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุทุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:39:00,460 --> 00:39:06,350
1447
+ ู…ุงุจุฏุฃุด ุจุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ู‡ูŠุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู„ูุฉ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉูˆ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:39:06,350 --> 00:39:10,610
1451
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู‡ูŠูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ู„ูุชู‡ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุจุตุงุฑ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:39:10,610 --> 00:39:16,910
1455
+ ุจุฏุฃ ู„ูุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู„ูุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:39:16,910 --> 00:39:23,150
1459
+ ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ูุฃุฌุช ู…ุนุง ู„ูุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ูˆ ู„ูุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูู‡ูŠ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:39:23,150 --> 00:39:27,730
1463
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ permutation ุจุณ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:39:27,730 --> 00:39:34,000
1467
+ ุฅู† ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูƒุงู† ุถูŠู‚ุฉ ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ ..ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:39:34,000 --> 00:39:37,020
1471
+ ุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุจุนุฉ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:39:37,020 --> 00:39:40,800
1475
+ ุณุชุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุงุฎุฏุช
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:39:40,800 --> 00:39:45,940
1479
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูŠุด ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:39:45,940 --> 00:39:49,320
1483
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจุฏูŠ ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูŠุด ุจู‚ู‰ ุงูŠุด ุตุงุฑ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:39:49,320 --> 00:39:56,040
1487
+ ุตุงุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงุจุฏุงู„ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ู ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุณุจุจ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:39:56,040 --> 00:40:03,340
1491
+ ุทู„ุน ู„ ุงู„ู ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ู ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉุงู„ู„ูŠ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:40:03,340 --> 00:40:07,440
1495
+ ุฎู„ุงู†ูŠ ุงู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุจุฏุงู„ ุงู† ู‡ู… disjoint ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:40:07,440 --> 00:40:12,560
1499
+ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ 5-2 ุงู† ุงู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุจุฏุฑุจ disjoint cycles ูุงู†ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:40:12,560 --> 00:40:25,720
1503
+ ุงุฌุฑูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุงุจุฏุงู„ if alpha ุจุณุงูˆูŠ a1 a2 ู„ุงู†ุช a
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:40:25,720 --> 00:40:35,730
1507
+ and and ู‡ูˆ ุญุชู‰ ู…ุงุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง ุงู… ุจูŠุชุงุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† P1 P2
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:40:35,730 --> 00:40:48,990
1511
+ ู„ุฃู† P and R are disjoint cycles then Alpha Beta
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:40:48,990 --> 00:40:51,250
1515
+ ูŠุชุณุงูˆู‰ Beta Alpha
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:41:11,730 --> 00:41:19,350
1519
+ ุทูŠุจ ุฏู‡ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ุชู„ุงุช ุงุฑุจุน ุฏู‚ุงูŠู‚ ู…ุฎู„ุต ุทูŠุจ let
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:41:19,350 --> 00:41:33,210
1523
+ alpha and beta be two disjoint cycles on the set a
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:41:33,210 --> 00:41:37,130
1527
+ ุจุฏู‡ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ a ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุช ุงุฑุจุน ู„ุงู†ุฏ ุงู†
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:41:37,130 --> 00:41:45,130
1531
+ ู‡ุฑุชุจู‡ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ a ูˆุงุญุฏ a ุชู†ูŠู†ุงู… ุจูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุชู†ูŠู†
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:41:45,130 --> 00:41:52,630
1535
+ ุจูŠ ุงู† ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ู…ุง
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:41:52,630 --> 00:41:56,290
1539
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงุญูŠุงู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู†ุช ูˆุงุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ cycles ู…ุงุงุฎุฏุด ูƒู„
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:41:56,290 --> 00:42:02,530
1543
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุงู„ูุฉุจุชุงุฎุฏ ู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ A1
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:42:02,530 --> 00:42:06,110
1547
+ ู„ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ AM ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ alpha ุจูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:42:06,110 --> 00:42:11,350
1551
+ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ู… ุงู„ beta ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ู„ูุฉ ุงู„ B ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:42:11,350 --> 00:42:16,070
1555
+ beta ุงุดู…ุงู„ู‡ู… ู„ู†ูุณู‡ู… ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:42:16,070 --> 00:42:23,410
1559
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ alpha ูˆ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ beta ุซุงุจุชูŠู† we will
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:42:23,410 --> 00:42:30,940
1563
+ show that alpha beta ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ beta alphaุดุจุงุจ ุงู†ุง
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:42:30,940 --> 00:42:35,900
1567
+ ุจุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน functions ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ Alpha
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:42:35,900 --> 00:42:42,240
1571
+ Beta ู„ู„ X ุจุฏูŠ ุณูˆู‰ Beta Alpha ู„ู„ X ู„ูƒู„ X ููŠ A ุจุณ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:42:42,240 --> 00:42:46,140
1575
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ .. ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ composition ูŠุนู†ูŠ Alpha Beta ู„ู„
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:42:46,140 --> 00:42:53,540
1579
+ X ุจุฏูŠ ุณูˆู‰ Beta ู„Alpha X ุงู„
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:42:53,540 --> 00:42:55,480
1583
+ X ููŠ A ูƒู… ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู‡ุง
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:42:58,010 --> 00:43:10,350
1587
+ ุชู„ุงุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ A ูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ B ูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ C Case 1
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:43:10,350 --> 00:43:13,830
1591
+ ุงู„
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:43:13,830 --> 00:43:22,750
1595
+ X ุจุชู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ A1 A2 ู„ A M ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ Alpha Beta ู„ู„ X ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:43:22,750 --> 00:43:29,830
1599
+ Alphaู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ X ู…ุซู„ุง ุจุชุชุณุงูˆูŠ AI ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:43:29,830 --> 00:43:38,310
1603
+ Alpha Beta ู„ู„ X ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Alpha Beta ุงู„ AI ุดุจุงุจ ุงู„
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:43:38,310 --> 00:43:43,290
1607
+ AI ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ Beta ุงูŠุด ู…ุงู„ู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ Beta ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ AI
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:43:43,290 --> 00:43:48,670
1611
+ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ AI ู…ุด ู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุงู„ Beta ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:43:48,670 --> 00:43:54,130
1615
+ ู‡ุชุนุฑู ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Alpha AI ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ Alpha ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ AI
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:43:54,130 --> 00:44:00,780
1619
+ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸู„ุฃ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ A1 A2 ูŠูƒุจุฑ AI
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:44:00,780 --> 00:44:08,620
1623
+ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ AI ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ Beta Alpha ู„ู„ X ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:44:08,620 --> 00:44:16,380
1627
+ Beta Alpha ู„ู„ AI ุงู„ Alpha ู‡ุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ AI ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ AI
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:44:16,380 --> 00:44:22,640
1631
+ ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ Beta AI ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ Beta
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:44:22,640 --> 00:44:27,550
1635
+ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ AI ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠุด
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:44:27,550 --> 00:44:33,990
1639
+ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูƒูŠุณ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:44:33,990 --> 00:44:41,910
1643
+ X ุจุชู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠ ุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุตูˆู„ุง ู„ ุจูŠ ุงู† ุทูŠุจ
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:44:41,910 --> 00:44:50,230
1647
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ X ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุจูŠ ุฌูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุทูŠุจ Alpha Beta ู„ู„
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:44:50,230 --> 00:44:55,780
1651
+ X ูŠุนู†ูŠ Alpha Beta ู„ู„ ุจูŠ ุฌูŠุงู„ู€ beta ู‡ุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ ุจูŠ ุฌูŠู‡
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:44:55,780 --> 00:45:01,600
1655
+ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ ุจูŠ ุฌูŠู‡ ุฒูŠ ุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ alpha ุจูŠ ุฌูŠู‡
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:45:01,600 --> 00:45:05,740
1659
+ ุฒูŠ ุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ ุจูŠ ุฌูŠู‡ ุฒูŠ ุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ alpha
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:45:05,740 --> 00:45:11,590
1663
+ ู‡ุชุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ ู†ูุณู‡ุงูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูŠุณุฃู„ู†ูŠ ุทุจ ูˆ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:45:11,590 --> 00:45:16,170
1667
+ J ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ N ูุงู„ B J ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุง B N ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:45:16,170 --> 00:45:21,670
1671
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุชุนู…ู„ุŸ ู‡ุชุฑุฌุน ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ B ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทูŠุจ
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:45:21,670 --> 00:45:28,610
1675
+ Beta Alpha ู„ X ูŠุนู†ูŠ Beta ู„ Alpha B J ุงู„ Alpha
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:45:28,610 --> 00:45:34,830
1679
+ ู‡ุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ B J ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุฅูŠูƒ ุจู‚ู‰ Beta ู„ B J ูˆ ุงู„
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:45:34,830 --> 00:45:38,690
1683
+ B J ู‡ุชุงุฎุฏ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ B J ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุฅุดู…ุงู„ู‡ู…
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:45:40,130 --> 00:45:49,690
1687
+ ู…ุชุณุงูˆู†ูŠู† ุงุฎุฑ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูƒุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:45:49,690 --> 00:46:00,390
1691
+ ุงู„ X ุชู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ C1 C2 ู„ุนู†ุฏ C ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง K ุทูŠุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:46:00,390 --> 00:46:08,710
1695
+ X ู…ุฏู‰ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ CT ููˆู‚ ุตู…ุชูŠ Alpha Beta ู„ู„ X ูŠุนู†ูŠ Alpha
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:46:09,520 --> 00:46:14,840
1699
+ ู„ู€ Beta ุงู„ู€ CT ุดุจุงุจ ุงู„ Beta ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ CT ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:46:14,840 --> 00:46:19,560
1703
+ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู„ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ Alpha CT ูˆุงู„ Alpha ุจุชุงุฎุฏู‡ุง
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:46:19,560 --> 00:46:25,520
1707
+ ู„ู„ CT ุงู„ Beta Alpha ู„ู„ X ูŠุนู†ูŠ Beta ู„ Alpha ุงู„ CT
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:46:25,520 --> 00:46:34,840
1711
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:46:34,840 --> 00:46:43,180
1715
+ ุนู† Beta ู„ู„ CTูˆ ุงู„ beta ู‡ุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ ct ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ูˆ ู…ุงููŠู‡
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:46:43,180 --> 00:46:50,120
1719
+ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุงูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:46:50,120 --> 00:46:55,120
1723
+ alpha beta ู„ ุงู„ x ุจุฏุช ุณุงูˆุฉ beta alpha ู„ ุงู„ x ู„ูƒู„ x
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:46:55,120 --> 00:47:00,800
1727
+ ููŠ a ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ alpha beta ุจุฏุช ุณุงูˆุฉ beta alpha ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:47:00,800 --> 00:47:05,260
1731
+ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:47:05,260 --> 00:47:07,580
1735
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู…ู† ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:47:07,580 --> 00:47:11,040
1739
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู†
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:47:11,040 --> 00:47:15,020
1743
+ ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุชูƒู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ chapter ู‡ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ู†ู‡ูŠู‡ ุงู†
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:47:15,020 --> 00:47:16,020
1747
+ ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุงูุฑุงุญ
1748
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwZKOpj354PRgwYPWWgxchnI/C2WK84f79TY_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1792 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,990 --> 00:00:24,230
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆ ุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:24,230 --> 00:00:27,590
7
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ู…ู† ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุฉ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:27,590 --> 00:00:31,630
11
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดุจุชุฑ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน chapter ุงู„ cyclic groups
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:31,630 --> 00:00:36,310
15
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ูŠู†ุง ุณุคุงู„ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชูˆู‚ูู†ุง ุนู† ุณุคุงู„
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:36,310 --> 00:00:41,970
19
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณุคุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณุคุงู„ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ู‰ ู…ุด ุตุนุจ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:41,970 --> 00:00:47,250
23
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ุฑุฃู‡ let g be a group and let a be an
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:47,250 --> 00:00:51,390
27
+ element of j ู„ูˆ ุงู„ a ู‚ุต 12 ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity what
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:51,390 --> 00:00:55,410
31
+ can you say about the order of a ู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ููŠ ูุฑุน
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:55,410 --> 00:00:58,710
35
+ ุจูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ a ุชู‚ุงู… ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity what can we say
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:58,710 --> 00:01:04,750
39
+ about the order of a ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ูŠู† ู‡ูˆ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:04,750 --> 00:01:10,330
43
+ ุฌูˆุงุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู† order ุงู„ a ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ 12 ููŠ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:10,330 --> 00:01:13,050
47
+ ุงู„ูุฑุน a ูˆ ููŠ ุจูŠ ู‡ูŠู‚ุณู… ู…ูŠู†
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:16,270 --> 00:01:22,710
51
+ ูู‰ ุงู„ูุฑุน c suppose that ุงู„ order ู„ุฌูŠุจ ูŠุณูˆูŠ 24 ุฌูŠุจ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:22,710 --> 00:01:27,830
55
+ is cyclic ูˆ ุงู„ a ุฃูุณ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity ูˆ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:27,830 --> 00:01:31,730
59
+ ุงู„ a ุฃูุณ ุงุชู†ุงุด ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity show that ุงู†
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:31,730 --> 00:01:38,530
63
+ order ุงู„ a ุงูˆ ุงู„ generated by a ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌูŠุจ ูุฑุน c
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:38,530 --> 00:01:45,060
67
+ order ุงู„ุฌูŠุจ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 24 ุงู„ a ุฃูุณ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉู„ุฃ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:45,060 --> 00:01:51,800
71
+ identity ูˆ ุงู„ a ุฃูุณ 12 ู„ุฃ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity ุทุจุนุง
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:51,800 --> 00:01:59,840
75
+ ููŠ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู† ุงู„ j is cyclic ู…ุฏุงู…
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:59,840 --> 00:02:06,220
79
+ ุงู„ j is cyclic ูˆ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:06,220 --> 00:02:12,060
83
+ ุงู„ a ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ู„ j ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู† order ุงู„ a ู‡ูŠู‚ุณู…
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:12,060 --> 00:02:19,240
87
+ order ู…ู†ุงู„ู€ J ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑู„ุฑุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ู‰
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:19,240 --> 00:02:23,300
91
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุงูŠ ุนู†ุตุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cyclic group ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ ุจูŠู‚ุณู…
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:23,300 --> 00:02:26,740
95
+ order ู„ group ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ finite case ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:26,740 --> 00:02:35,840
99
+ order ุงู„ A ุจูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ 24 ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ order ุงู„ A ูŠุง 1 ูŠุง
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:35,840 --> 00:02:47,310
103
+ 2 ูŠุง 3 ูŠุง 4 ูŠุง 6 ูŠุง 8 ูŠุง 12ูŠุงุฑุจุน ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุชู‚ุงู„ ู†ุฑูุถ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:47,310 --> 00:02:51,610
107
+ ุจุนุถู‡ู… since
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:51,610 --> 00:02:59,330
111
+ ุง ุงู„ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ order
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:59,330 --> 00:03:04,550
115
+ ุงู„ ุง ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุฑุจุน
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:03:04,550 --> 00:03:11,310
119
+ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุดุทุจ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุดุทุจ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุดุทุจ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:11,310 --> 00:03:21,130
123
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุน ุงุดุทุจ ุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ also ุงู„ a ุฃูุณ 12 ู„ุง
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:21,130 --> 00:03:27,550
127
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ order ุงู„ a ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:27,550 --> 00:03:34,870
131
+ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุชุฉ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุชู†ุงุด ุงุดุทุจ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุดุทุจ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:34,870 --> 00:03:38,290
135
+ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุงุดุทุจ ุงู„ุงุชู†ุงุด ุงูŠุด ุญูŠุถู„ ุนู†ุฏูƒุŸ ุงุฑุจุน ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:38,290 --> 00:03:42,690
139
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ order ุงู„ a ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุฑุจุน ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:42,690 --> 00:03:52,600
143
+ order ุงู„ jูŠูƒุจุฑ ุฌูŠู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฑ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:52,600 --> 00:03:57,140
147
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ a ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุฌูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ cyclic ูˆ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:57,140 --> 00:04:02,610
151
+ ู‡ูŠ finiteู‡ูŠ group ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ุง 24 ูŠูƒุจุฑ order ู„ A
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:04:02,610 --> 00:04:06,530
155
+ ุจูŠุฎุณู… ุงู„ 24 ูŠูƒุจุฑ ูŠุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูŠุง ุงุฑุจุน
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:04:06,530 --> 00:04:09,890
159
+ ูŠุง ุณุชุฉ ูŠุง ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุง ุงุชู†ุงุด ูŠุง ุงุฑุจุน ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู‡ูŠุฌูŠุช ุงู„ A
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:04:09,890 --> 00:04:12,450
163
+ ูˆ ุงู„ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ A ูˆ ุงู„ ุงุชู†ุงุด ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:12,450 --> 00:04:15,990
167
+ ุจุณุชุซู†ูŠ ุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ูˆ ุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:15,990 --> 00:04:19,790
171
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุณุชุซู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุชู†ุงุด ู…ู†
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:19,790 --> 00:04:27,610
175
+ ุญูŠุถู„ุงู† ุฏูŠ ุฎู„ุต ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:27,610 --> 00:04:33,840
179
+ ุงู„ 22Any group of order 3 must be cyclic ู‡ุฐุง
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:33,840 --> 00:04:36,680
183
+ ู‡ูŠู†ุงุฎุฏู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู…ูŠู… ููŠ chapter 7 ู„ู…ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ grand
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:36,680 --> 00:04:41,300
187
+ theorem ุงู† ุงูŠ group of prime order ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู†
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:41,300 --> 00:04:48,020
191
+ cyclic ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ J ุงู„ order ุฅูŠู‡ ู„ู‡ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู J is
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:48,020 --> 00:04:50,700
195
+ cyclic
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:05:00,270 --> 00:05:09,970
199
+ let ุฌูŠู‡ ุจูŠู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ุชู„ุช ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงูƒูŠุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ูŠู† ุงุฎุฏ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:05:09,970 --> 00:05:19,870
203
+ ุงู„ a ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ b with ุง ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ a ุง ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ b
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:19,870 --> 00:05:24,710
207
+ ุง ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ b ุนุดุงู† ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ุชู„ุช ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงุดู…ุงู„ู‡ู…
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:24,710 --> 00:05:27,090
211
+ distinct ู…ุฎุชู„ูุงุช
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:29,800 --> 00:05:36,980
215
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู† a ูˆ b ูˆูŠู† ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ j ูƒู… ุญุงู„ุฉ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:36,980 --> 00:05:46,820
219
+ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ cases ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ case ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู† ุงู„ a ูˆ b
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:46,820 --> 00:05:53,260
223
+ ุจุฏุช ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ a ูˆ b ุจุฏุช ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ b ุจุฏุช
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:53,260 --> 00:05:58,060
227
+ ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:06:00,790 --> 00:06:05,990
231
+ ุฅู† ุงู„ A ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ B ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุณูŠุตุจุญ ุงู„ A
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:06:05,990 --> 00:06:12,270
235
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ ูƒูŠุณ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:06:12,270 --> 00:06:19,110
239
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฅู† ุงู„ A ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:06:19,110 --> 00:06:26,070
243
+ B ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ A inverse ุทุจุนุง ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ J ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:06:26,070 --> 00:06:28,930
247
+ ุงู„ identity ูˆ A ูˆ A inverse
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:06:33,620 --> 00:06:42,040
251
+ cyclics ุฌูŠู†ุงุชูƒ ุถุงูŠู‚ ู…ู† ุงู†ุชูˆุง ูŠูƒ ุจ ุฌูŠู‡ is cycling
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:42,040 --> 00:06:46,000
255
+ ูˆุฎู„ุต
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:46,000 --> 00:07:00,360
259
+ ูˆุงุถุญ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:07:00,360 --> 00:07:07,880
263
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ุฐุงูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุทูŠุจ ุณุคุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนุดุฑูŠู†
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:07:07,880 --> 00:07:12,220
267
+ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ููŠ ุณูŠุงู‚ ุงู„ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู†ุช ุงุดุฑุญู‡ ููŠ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:07:12,220 --> 00:07:17,020
271
+ ุงู„ chapter ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู„ z of ู„ูŠู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ integers
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:07:17,020 --> 00:07:23,620
275
+ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ู‡ู„ ูƒู„ subgroup ู…ู† ุงู„ z cyclicุŸ ู‡ู„ ูƒู„
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:07:23,620 --> 00:07:29,260
279
+ subgroup ู…ู† ุงู„ z cyclicุŸ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช H subgroup ู…ู† ุงู„
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:07:29,260 --> 00:07:32,680
283
+ z ุงู„ integers ู…ุน ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ H cyclic
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:07:36,910 --> 00:07:43,350
287
+ ู„ูŠุดุŸ since z itself is cyclic ู…ุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ z is a
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:07:43,350 --> 00:07:47,710
291
+ cyclic group ููƒู„ sub group ู…ู†ู‡ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†ุŸ Cyclic
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:07:47,710 --> 00:07:53,330
295
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ H ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† generated by some element ู…ุซู„ุง M ูˆ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:53,330 --> 00:07:59,030
299
+ ุงู„ M ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ z ู‡ุฏุง ู…ุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฏุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:59,030 --> 00:08:03,930
303
+ ุนู† ุงู„ zero ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุจุณุงู„ุจ M ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุจุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† Mู…ูˆุฌุจ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:08:03,930 --> 00:08:13,230
307
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ M ุงู„ุงุฎุฑู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:08:13,230 --> 00:08:16,790
311
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:08:16,790 --> 00:08:23,010
315
+ 23 ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ 24 find
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:08:23,010 --> 00:08:26,470
319
+ for any element A in any group J prove that ุงู†ู‡
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:08:26,470 --> 00:08:30,150
323
+ generated by A is a subgroup ู…ู† ุงู„ centralizer A
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:08:34,580 --> 00:08:43,360
327
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุฑูŠููŠุงู„ since a ููŠ a ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ a ููŠ a ูŠูƒุจุฑ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:08:43,360 --> 00:08:49,720
331
+ ุงู„ a ุฃุดู…ุงู„ู‡ ูƒู…ูŠูˆุช ู…ุน ู†ูุณู‡ ู…ุงุฏุงู…ู‡ ูƒู…ูŠูˆุช ู…ุน ู†ูุณู‡
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:08:49,720 --> 00:08:54,440
335
+ ูŠูƒุจุฑ a ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ centralizer ู„ู„ a ูŠูƒุจุฑ generated
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:08:54,440 --> 00:09:03,060
339
+ by a sub group ู…ู† ุงู„ centralizer ูˆุฎู„ุต ุงุซุจุงุช ุฎู„ุต
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:09:04,830 --> 00:09:09,990
343
+ ุฎู„ุตูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ 24 ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุน
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:09:09,990 --> 00:09:15,370
347
+ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญู„ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ูˆุงุถุญุฉุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ููŠ ุฃูŠ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:09:15,370 --> 00:09:19,110
351
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญู„ูŠู†ุงู‡ุงุŸ ุฃูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูู‡ูˆู…ุฉุŸ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:09:24,500 --> 00:09:28,860
355
+ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุฌู†ุฑุงู„ุชุฑ ุงู„ู€ A ุจุงู„ุณุงู‚ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุจู‚ู‰
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:09:28,860 --> 00:09:32,520
359
+ ุชุจุฏุฃ ููŠ answer ุงู†ุช ุจุชุงุฎุฏ A ุชู‚ุงู… ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชุฏุจุท ุงู† A
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:09:32,520 --> 00:09:38,800
363
+ ุชู‚ุงู… commute ู…ุน ุงู„ A ุนุงุฑู ุชู„ุงุช ุชุณุทุฑ ู„ูŠุด ุชุฌูŠ ุน ุฑุงุณูƒ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:09:38,800 --> 00:09:42,140
367
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุฏุฃุช ูƒ A ุชู‚ุงู… ุจุณุงู‚ูŠุฉ ู…ุด ุงู„ A commute ู…ุน
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:09:42,140 --> 00:09:46,480
371
+ ู†ูุณู‡ ูู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ centralizer ุชุจุน ู†ูุณู‡ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู†
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:09:46,480 --> 00:09:48,960
375
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ centralizer ุชุจุน ู†ูุณู‡ ุงู„ centralizer
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:09:48,960 --> 00:09:53,170
379
+ subgroup ูุงู„ generated by Aู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† subset ู…ู† ุงู„
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:09:53,170 --> 00:09:57,490
383
+ centralizer ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุฏุงู… ุงู„ a ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููƒู„ powers
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:09:57,490 --> 00:09:58,710
387
+ ุงู„ a ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:10:03,030 --> 00:10:06,690
391
+ ุณุคุงู„ 25 ุฃู†ุง ู…ุง ุทู„ุจุชูˆุด ู„ูƒู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ู ูˆ ุณู‡ู„
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:10:06,690 --> 00:10:12,130
395
+ ุงู†ุช ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ DN ุงู„ DN ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฌุฒุกูŠู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ูƒูˆู†ุง
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:10:12,130 --> 00:10:16,490
399
+ ู…ู† N ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู„ู„ cyclic subgroup generated
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:10:16,490 --> 00:10:23,990
403
+ by R 360 ุนู„ู‰ N ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู†
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:10:23,990 --> 00:10:27,350
407
+ ุงู„ reflections ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ order ู„ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุด ููŠ ุณุงูˆูŠ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:10:28,270 --> 00:10:32,210
411
+ ุชู†ูŠู† ูุนู†ุฏูƒ ุตุญุจ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู† ูู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุฏูŠ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:10:32,210 --> 00:10:35,350
415
+ ูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:10:35,350 --> 00:10:40,130
419
+ ุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏูŠ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุณุคุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู†
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:10:40,130 --> 00:10:45,290
423
+ generator ุงู„ z ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ู… ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุจุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ generator ุงูŠ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:10:45,290 --> 00:10:52,390
427
+ group infinite ูˆ cyclic ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ a ูˆ a inverse
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:10:52,390 --> 00:10:57,850
431
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ z ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู†ุงู„ู€ z ุงู„ generator
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:10:57,850 --> 00:11:02,810
435
+ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ generated by a
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:11:02,810 --> 00:11:07,710
439
+ ูˆ order ุงู„ a ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณูˆูŠ ู…ุงู„ุฉ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ generator
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:11:07,710 --> 00:11:15,410
443
+ ู‡ุงู†ุŸ a ูˆ a inverse ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุตู„ุง ูƒู„ .. ู‡ู†ูƒุชุดู ู„ุงุญู‚ุง ุฃู†
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:11:15,410 --> 00:11:21,650
447
+ ูƒู„ cyclic group ูˆ infinite ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† copy ู…ู† ุงู„ z
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:11:22,690 --> 00:11:27,450
451
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจุน ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู€ c star the group of non-zero
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:11:27,450 --> 00:11:31,210
455
+ complex number under multiplication has a cyclic
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:11:31,210 --> 00:11:39,090
459
+ subgroup of order c star ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:11:39,090 --> 00:11:47,330
463
+ ุนุฏุง ุงู„ zero ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ black c ูƒู„
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:11:47,330 --> 00:11:52,780
467
+ ู…ุง ุนุฏุง ุงู„ zero ู…ุน ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑุจู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ู†ุซุจุช ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:11:52,780 --> 00:11:58,300
471
+ ููŠู‡ุง Cyclic group ุฃูˆ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:11:58,300 --> 00:12:04,480
475
+ Cyclic subgroup ููŠ ุฃูˆุฑุฏุฑ n ู„ุช ุงู† ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุดุบู„
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:12:04,480 --> 00:12:09,180
479
+ number ุจุฎุท
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:12:09,180 --> 00:12:11,080
483
+ Complex analysis
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:12:14,570 --> 00:12:19,310
487
+ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฌูŠุช ุฃูŠ polynomial ุงู„ coefficient ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ู…ู†
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:12:19,310 --> 00:12:25,270
491
+ ุงู„ C ุญู„ูˆู„ู‡ุง ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŸ ุงูŠ polynomial ุงู„
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:12:25,270 --> 00:12:28,650
495
+ coefficient ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู…ู„ุงุช ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ complex
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:12:28,650 --> 00:12:32,290
499
+ number ุงู„ coefficient ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ุงูˆ ุงู„ solution
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:12:32,290 --> 00:12:37,250
503
+ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ูˆูŠู†ุŸุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ complex ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุณุจุจู‡ ุงู† ุงู„
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:12:37,250 --> 00:12:41,910
507
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ C ู…ุน ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ุชู…ู„ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:12:41,910 --> 00:12:44,810
511
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง algebraically closed field of
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:12:44,810 --> 00:12:48,610
515
+ characteristics zero ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูˆ ุงูƒู…ู„ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:12:48,610 --> 00:12:51,370
519
+ ุงูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ุฌุจุฑูŠุฉ ู„ุฅู† ูƒู„ ุงู„
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:12:51,370 --> 00:12:57,050
523
+ polynomials ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ ู‡ุฌูŠุช ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:12:57,050 --> 00:13:01,730
527
+ ุงุฌูŠุจ subgroup ุงู„ order L, H, N ูˆ ุชูƒูˆู† cyclic ููŠ ุงู„
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:13:01,730 --> 00:13:07,500
531
+ C ูุจุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุตุฑ ูŠูˆู„ุฏู‡ุงthe answer ูŠูˆู„ุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ subgroup
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:13:07,500 --> 00:13:14,040
535
+ ุทุจุนุง consider the
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:13:14,040 --> 00:13:23,380
539
+ equation x to n ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:13:23,380 --> 00:13:29,840
543
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ we know that
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:13:29,840 --> 00:13:33,380
547
+ this equation
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:13:35,180 --> 00:13:43,600
551
+ ุฃูˆ the solution ุฃูˆ the roots of this ุฃูˆ of this
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:13:43,600 --> 00:13:50,060
555
+ polynomial ุฃูˆ equation are
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:13:50,060 --> 00:14:01,200
559
+ all lies in C ูˆู„ุง
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:14:01,200 --> 00:14:04,240
563
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูŠุณุงูˆ Zero none
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:14:06,700 --> 00:14:16,400
567
+ of them is zero ูˆู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู…
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:14:16,400 --> 00:14:28,660
571
+ ุณุงูˆ ุตูุฑ let a,n ุจูƒู„ ุงู„ X ููŠ ุงู„ C ุงู„ู„ูŠ X ุฃุณ N ุจุฏู‡
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:14:28,660 --> 00:14:29,280
575
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:14:36,570 --> 00:14:41,190
579
+ ุจุชุนู„ู… ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู† ูู‰ ุงู„ C ูˆ ู„ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุตูุฑ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:14:41,190 --> 00:14:49,150
583
+ ูุฃูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ C star using the
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:14:49,150 --> 00:14:53,610
587
+ concepts of
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:14:53,610 --> 00:14:59,830
591
+ complex analysis we
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:14:59,830 --> 00:15:02,870
595
+ can write
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:15:04,970 --> 00:15:12,650
599
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ูˆุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฏ ูˆ ูˆ ุชุบุจูŠู‡ ู„ุฅู† ูˆ ุฃุณ ุงู† ู…ุงูŠู†ุณ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:15:12,650 --> 00:15:17,110
603
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ where
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:15:17,110 --> 00:15:20,210
607
+ ูˆ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:15:20,210 --> 00:15:23,710
611
+ is a primitive root
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:15:34,970 --> 00:15:45,650
615
+ of unity primitive and root of unity ุทุจุนุง
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:15:45,650 --> 00:15:48,650
619
+ ู„ูˆ ุฑุฌุนุช ู„ู„ complex analysis ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุนุฑู ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:15:48,650 --> 00:15:53,210
623
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ูƒูŠู ุจู†ุญู„ู‡ุงู‡ู†ุง x ุงุซู†ุงู† ุจุฏู‰ ูŠุณูˆู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูˆ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:15:53,210 --> 00:15:55,250
627
+ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุญู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† z ุงุซู†ุงู† ุจุฏู‰
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:15:55,250 --> 00:15:59,670
631
+ ูŠุณูˆู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุจุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ ุงู„
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:15:59,670 --> 00:16:04,330
635
+ polar form ูˆ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ theta ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุตูุฑ ูุจุฌู…ุน ุตูุฑ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:16:04,330 --> 00:16:12,130
639
+ ุฒุงุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† k ฯ€ุงูŠ ุนู„ู‰ n ู ุงู„ w ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:16:12,130 --> 00:16:22,010
643
+ cosine ุงุชู†ูŠู† ฯ€ุงูŠุนู„ู‰ n ุฒุงุฏ i sin 2pi ุนู„ู‰ n ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู†
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:16:22,010 --> 00:16:27,970
647
+ ุงู„ complex analysis ู‡ูŠุชู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู† ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:16:27,970 --> 00:16:31,890
651
+ ุนู† ู…ูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:16:31,890 --> 00:16:41,370
655
+ unity ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฃู† a n generated by w
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:16:46,100 --> 00:16:53,520
659
+ and since w ุฃูุณ n ุจุฏุฃ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู„ู…ุง ุงุจุฏุฃ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:16:53,520 --> 00:16:59,920
663
+ ุฃุฌูŠ ุฃูƒู…ู„ ุฃุฌูŠุจ w ุฃูุณ n ู‡ุชุฑุฌุน ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ w ุฃูุณ n
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:16:59,920 --> 00:17:04,240
667
+ ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ w ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ powers ุชุจุนูŠู†
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:17:04,240 --> 00:17:14,260
671
+ ุงู„ w ุจุตูŠุฑ ุงุดู…ุงู„ู‡ู… ูŠุชูƒุฑุฑ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉุงู† ุงู† subgroup ู…ู†
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:17:14,260 --> 00:17:18,080
675
+ ุงู„ู€ black sea ุชุจุนุง black sea ู„ู…ุง ุงุดู‡ุฏ ู…ู†ุตุฉ ุตูุฑ ุฏู‡
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:17:18,080 --> 00:17:27,840
679
+ C star ูˆ ุงู„ order ู„ุงู† ุจุฏู‰ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู† and ุงู† is
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:17:27,840 --> 00:17:34,860
683
+ cyclic ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฃ ูŠุฌูŠุญ ุญู„ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ูŠูƒูˆู†
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:17:34,860 --> 00:17:40,320
687
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฎู„ููŠุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ complex analysisู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู…ุด .. ู‡ุฐู‡
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:17:40,320 --> 00:17:44,400
691
+ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู†ุช ุฎุฏุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒูŠู
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:17:44,400 --> 00:17:47,760
695
+ .. ูƒูŠู .. ูƒูŠู ูƒู†ุช ุชุฌูŠุจ ุฌุฐูˆุฑ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:17:47,760 --> 00:17:54,440
699
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ุฅุฌุงูˆุจ ุฃูˆ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:17:54,440 --> 00:17:59,580
703
+ ุตุฑู ุฅุฌุงูˆุจ ุงู„ูˆุฑุฏุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ูุงุดุชุบู„ุช ุนู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉุฃู†ุง
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:17:59,580 --> 00:18:04,440
707
+ ู…ุด ู‡ู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุฎุฏ ุฃู†ุตุฑ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠ ูˆ ุฃุถู„ ุฃุฑูุน ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ูˆ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:18:04,440 --> 00:18:08,740
711
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฃุฌูŠุจู‡ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅู„ุง ู„ู…ุง ุฃูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฑู ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุนูŠู† ุจุนุฑู
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:18:08,740 --> 00:18:18,920
715
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุจุนุฑูู‡ ู‡ูˆ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนุดูˆ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:18:18,920 --> 00:18:28,090
719
+ ููŠู‡ ุจุนุฏ 27ุŸ ุฃูˆ 26ุŸ 27ุŸุนู†ุฏูŠ ุณุคุงู„ ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† list
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:18:28,090 --> 00:18:33,550
723
+ all the elements of O ุฃุฎุถุฑ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู† ุฒุฏ ุชู…ุงู†ุชู„ุงู
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:18:33,550 --> 00:18:37,130
727
+ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ .. ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุฑุง ุชุญู„ูŠ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:18:37,130 --> 00:18:42,700
731
+ ุจุนุฏู‡ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ู…ุด ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชุฑู„ูŠูˆู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:18:42,700 --> 00:18:47,080
735
+ list all elements of order ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:18:47,080 --> 00:18:50,700
739
+ order ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฌูŠุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:18:50,700 --> 00:18:52,600
743
+ ุชูƒู…ู„ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนุดุงู†
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:18:52,600 --> 00:18:53,280
747
+ ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดุชุบู„
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:18:53,280 --> 00:18:54,720
751
+ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนุดุงู†
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:18:54,720 --> 00:18:54,980
755
+ ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดุชุบู„
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:18:54,980 --> 00:19:01,340
759
+ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดุชุบู„
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:19:03,140 --> 00:19:07,240
763
+ ุจุชุฌูŠุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‚ุต ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:19:07,240 --> 00:19:11,040
767
+ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุน ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‚ุต ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุนู† ุงู„ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุจุชุฑูุน
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:19:11,040 --> 00:19:13,880
771
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุตุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† relative to prime ุน ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:19:13,880 --> 00:19:18,300
775
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุณุจุนุฉ ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงูˆ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:19:18,300 --> 00:19:21,440
779
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุฒูŠุฏ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ order
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:19:21,440 --> 00:19:24,180
783
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:19:24,180 --> 00:19:29,770
787
+ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:19:29,770 --> 00:19:33,230
791
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ copy ู…ู† ุงู„ z ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† generated by a ูˆ ุงู„
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:19:33,230 --> 00:19:38,250
795
+ order ู„ a ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†ุŸ ุณุงุนุงุช
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:19:38,250 --> 00:19:42,290
799
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุณุงุนุงุช ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฃุญู„ู‡ ุจุญู„ู‡ ู…ุน ุฃู†ู‡ ุณู‡ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:19:42,290 --> 00:19:45,610
803
+ ุจุฏูƒ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:19:45,610 --> 00:19:49,830
807
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ order ู„ู„ a ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ a
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:19:49,830 --> 00:19:57,430
811
+ ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ z ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠ ุฏู‡ number
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:20:00,790 --> 00:20:11,490
815
+ of elements in ุฒุฏ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† with order ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:20:11,490 --> 00:20:16,530
819
+ is five ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ because ุฃูˆ since
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:20:16,530 --> 00:20:26,110
823
+ the group is cyclic to find one of them
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:20:32,650 --> 00:20:42,450
827
+ we have that ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุต ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:20:42,450 --> 00:20:53,590
831
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุต ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† has order ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:20:53,590 --> 00:20:57,130
835
+ sure
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:20:59,400 --> 00:21:05,520
839
+ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ุงู„ุงุฑุถ ุจุฏู‡ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุจู„ุงุด ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ุงูŠู‡ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:21:05,520 --> 00:21:11,040
843
+ find ุงู„ุงุฑุถ ุนู„ู‰ ุจูŠุจู† ุณุงูˆุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ ุจูŠ ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ุจุฒูŠุฉ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:21:11,040 --> 00:21:15,460
847
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุงูˆุฌุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุจูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุงุฑุถ ุงุบู„ู‰
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:21:15,460 --> 00:21:18,720
851
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุฒูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุจุงู‚ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู‡ุงู„ุฌูŠุชู‡ุง
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:21:18,720 --> 00:21:26,560
855
+ ุดู‡ุฏูƒูˆู† these
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:21:26,560 --> 00:21:27,060
859
+ elements
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:21:33,300 --> 00:21:46,100
863
+ R ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฃุณ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฃุณ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฃุณ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:21:46,100 --> 00:21:52,960
867
+ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:21:52,960 --> 00:21:58,720
871
+ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู†
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:22:02,150 --> 00:22:05,190
875
+ ุทุจ ุงู†ุช ุชูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุจุณ ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุด
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:22:05,190 --> 00:22:10,650
879
+ ู‡ุชุงุฎุฏ A ูู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ A ุฃูุณ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† A ุฃูุณ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† A ุฃูุณ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:22:10,650 --> 00:22:16,290
883
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฃูˆ A ุฃูุณ ุณุจุนุฉ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุณุคุงู„
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:22:16,290 --> 00:22:20,810
887
+ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† order
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:22:20,810 --> 00:22:32,300
891
+ ุงู„ A ู‚ุฏ ุชู†ูŠู† N ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆA B A inverse ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ P
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:22:32,300 --> 00:22:38,240
895
+ inverse show that P
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:22:38,240 --> 00:22:45,800
899
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:22:45,800 --> 00:22:48,160
903
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุณุคุงู„ ุญู„ูˆ ุจูŠุดุบู„
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:23:26,320 --> 00:23:32,360
907
+ ุนุดุงู† ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ุงู„ P ุชุฑุจูŠู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity ู„ุงุฒู…
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:23:32,360 --> 00:23:40,180
911
+ ุงุทู„ุน ุงู„ P ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ P A ููŠ B ููŠ A
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:23:40,180 --> 00:23:43,920
915
+ inverse ุจุฏูŠ ุณุงูˆูŠ P inverse ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ู†ุฎุฑุจุด ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฏุจ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:23:43,920 --> 00:23:47,960
919
+ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนุฑู ูƒูŠู ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุญู„ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุนุดุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ P ุชุฑุจูŠู‡
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:23:47,960 --> 00:23:52,650
923
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity ูP ุจุฏูŠ ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸุจุฅู†ูุงุฑุณ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:23:52,650 --> 00:23:56,990
927
+ ุจุฅู†ูุงุฑุณ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:23:56,990 --> 00:24:00,470
931
+ ุจุฅู†ูุงุฑุณ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:24:00,470 --> 00:24:05,810
935
+ ุจุฅู†ูุงุฑุณ ุจุฅู†ูุงุฑุณ ุจุฅู†ูุงุฑุณ ุจุฅู†ูุงุฑุณ ุจุฅู†ูุงุฑุณ ุจุฅู†ูุงุฑุณ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:24:05,810 --> 00:24:09,110
939
+ ุจุฅู†ูุงุฑุณ ุจุฅู†ูุงุฑุณ ุจุฅู†ูุงุฑุณ ุจุฅู†ูุงุฑุณ ุจุฅู†ูุงุฑุณ ุจุฅู†ูุงุฑุณ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:24:09,110 --> 00:24:09,130
943
+ ุจุฅู†ูุงุฑุณ ุจุฅู†ูุงุฑุณ ุจุฅู†ูุงุฑุณ ุจุฅู†ูุงุฑุณ ุจุฅู†ูุงุฑุณ ุจุฅู†ูุงุฑุณ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:24:09,130 --> 00:24:16,330
947
+ ุจุฅู†ูุงุฑุณ ุจุฅู†ูุงุฑุณ ุจุฅู†ูุงุฑุณ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:24:16,330 --> 00:24:19,570
951
+ ุจุฅู†ูุงุฑุณ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:24:19,570 --> 00:24:27,570
955
+ ุจุฅCommute ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฏู‡ ู„ูŠู‡ ุทูŠุจ ูู‰ ุดูู‰ ู…ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ุญุฏ ุชู„ุงู† ู…ุง
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:24:27,570 --> 00:24:32,030
959
+ ุงุณุชุนู…ู„ุชูˆุด ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด order ุงู„ A ุจุฏูŠ ุณุงูˆูŠ odd ู„ู…ุง
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:24:32,030 --> 00:24:35,710
963
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† order ุงู„ A ุจุฏูŠ ุณุงูˆูŠ odd ู generated by ุงู„ A
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:24:35,710 --> 00:24:40,070
967
+ ุงู„ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุฅูŠู‡ ุฃู† ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:24:40,070 --> 00:24:45,310
971
+ ูู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ generated by ุงู„ A ู‡ู‰ ู†ูุณุฉ generated by ุงู„
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:24:45,310 --> 00:24:45,890
975
+ A ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:24:48,590 --> 00:24:52,770
979
+ ุทูŠุจ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ A P ุจุฏูŠ ุณุงูˆ P A ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ A ุฃู†ุตุฑ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:24:52,770 --> 00:24:59,670
983
+ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ centralizer ุงู„ P ุงู„ A ุฃู†ุตุฑ ููŠ ุงู„
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:24:59,670 --> 00:25:03,390
987
+ centralizer ุงู„ P ู generated by ุงู„ A subset ู…ู†
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:25:03,390 --> 00:25:07,790
991
+ centralizer ุงู„ P ุทุจ generated by ุงู„ A ู‡ู†ุงูุณุฉ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:25:07,790 --> 00:25:14,120
995
+ generated by ุงู„ A ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูA ุชุฑุจูŠุฉุฃู†ุตุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:25:14,120 --> 00:25:19,100
999
+ centralizer ุงู„ู€ P ูุฃู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุฃุซุจุชุช ุฃู† A ุชุฑุจูŠุน P ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:25:19,100 --> 00:25:22,440
1003
+ ุญุตู„ุช
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:25:22,440 --> 00:25:28,940
1007
+ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุจุณ ุจูŠ .. A ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ P ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุตู„ุช ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุจุณ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:25:28,940 --> 00:25:32,900
1011
+ ุจูŠ .. A ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ P ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุตู„ุช ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุจุณ ุจูŠ .. A
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:25:32,900 --> 00:25:33,200
1015
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ P ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุตู„ุช ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุตู„ุช ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:25:33,200 --> 00:25:36,880
1019
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุตู„ุช ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุตู„ุช ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุตู„ุช
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:25:36,880 --> 00:25:39,440
1023
+ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุตู„ุช ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุตู„ุช ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:25:39,440 --> 00:25:47,400
1027
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุตู„ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† A P A inverse ู„ูƒู„ inverse ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:25:47,400 --> 00:25:58,980
1031
+ ูŠุดุจู‡ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ A P inverse A inverse ุทูŠุจ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:25:58,980 --> 00:26:07,540
1035
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† A A P A inverse ููŠ A inverse ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:26:07,540 --> 00:26:13,950
1039
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† A P inverse A inverseูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:26:13,950 --> 00:26:20,990
1043
+ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฃุช ู…ู† ุชุญุช ุนุดุงู† ุฃูู‡ู… ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:26:20,990 --> 00:26:27,070
1047
+ ุชุจุนุชูŠ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุนูŠุฏ ุชุดูƒูŠู„ ุงู„ุญู„
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:26:27,070 --> 00:26:35,850
1051
+ ูˆ ุฃุตู„ ู„ู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ since
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:26:35,850 --> 00:26:39,030
1055
+ a
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:26:39,030 --> 00:26:47,890
1059
+ p a inverseุจุฏูŠ ุณูˆู‰ P inverse ุฎุฏ inverse ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† A
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:26:47,890 --> 00:26:54,750
1063
+ P A inverse ุจุฏูŠ ุชุณูˆู‰ P inverse ูˆู„ูƒู„ inverse ู‡ุฐู‡
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:26:54,750 --> 00:27:02,170
1067
+ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ A P inverse A inverse ุจุฏูŠ ุชุณูˆู‰ P
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:27:10,610 --> 00:27:14,950
1071
+ ุทูŠุจ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงุชุฐูƒุฑ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุฌูŠุจู‡
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:27:14,950 --> 00:27:21,770
1075
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุซุจุช ุงู† a ุชุฑุจูŠู‡ b a inverse ุงูŠุด ุฏู‡ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุจูŠ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:27:21,770 --> 00:27:27,730
1079
+ ุจู‚ู‰ ุฏูŠ ุงูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ู‚ุนุฏ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:27:27,730 --> 00:27:34,330
1083
+ ุงู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ a ุชุฑุจูŠู‡ ุจูŠ a inverse ูƒูŠู ุฏู‡ ุชูŠุฌูŠู‡ also a b
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:27:34,330 --> 00:27:38,690
1087
+ inverse a inverse ุฏู‡ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:27:43,670 --> 00:27:51,510
1091
+ ุฃู†ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏุช A P Inverse A Inverse ู…ุงุดูŠ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:27:51,510 --> 00:27:59,530
1095
+ ู‡ุฌูŠุช ุฃุถุฑุจ A A A B A Inverse A Inverse ู‡ุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ูŠู†
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:27:59,530 --> 00:28:10,650
1099
+ A P Inverse A Inverse ุงู„ูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูŠ B ู‡ูŠ ููˆู‚ ู‡ูŠ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:28:10,650 --> 00:28:17,330
1103
+ ููˆู‚ Pู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† a ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจูŠ a ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูŠุด
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:28:17,330 --> 00:28:27,310
1107
+ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุจูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ a ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจูŠ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุจูŠ a ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงูŠุด
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:28:27,310 --> 00:28:34,030
1111
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ a ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจูŠ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุจูŠ a ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ a ุชุฑุจูŠุน
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:28:34,030 --> 00:28:40,430
1115
+ ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ centralizer ุงู„ ุจูŠ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ generated by ุงู„
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:28:40,430 --> 00:28:52,240
1119
+ a ุชุฑุจูŠุนsome group ู…ู† ุงู„ู€centralizer ุงู„ู€B Now order
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:28:52,240 --> 00:29:01,040
1123
+ ุงู„ู€A ุจูŠุณุงูˆู‰ 2N ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ odd ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:29:01,040 --> 00:29:09,030
1127
+ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ generated by ุงู„ู€A ุชุฑุจูŠุฉุจุฏูŠ ุงุณุงูˆูŠ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:29:09,030 --> 00:29:14,650
1131
+ generated by ุงู„ู€ A ุฃูุณ common divisor ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠู†
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:29:14,650 --> 00:29:22,610
1135
+ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† N ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ A ุฃูุณ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:29:22,610 --> 00:29:28,700
1139
+ generated by ุงู„ู€ Aุฃุญู†ุง ุฎุฏู†ุง ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ generated
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:29:28,700 --> 00:29:32,800
1143
+ by a to m ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ generated by a ุฃุตู„ grease
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:29:32,800 --> 00:29:38,360
1147
+ common divisor ู„m ูˆ order ุงู„ a ุญุท ุงู„ m ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:29:38,360 --> 00:29:42,160
1151
+ order ุงู„ a ุงุชู†ูŠู† n ุฒุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ relatively
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:29:42,160 --> 00:29:45,840
1155
+ prime ูุงู„ grease common divisor ู„ู‡ ู…ู‚ุฏุงุด ูˆุงุญุฏ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:29:45,840 --> 00:29:50,020
1159
+ ูgenerated by ุงู„ a ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ generated by ุงู„
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:29:50,020 --> 00:30:00,670
1163
+ a ุทูŠุจ ุงุด ูŠุนู†ูŠูŠุนู†ูŠ generated by ุงู„ A ุตุงุฑุช sub group
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:30:00,670 --> 00:30:08,170
1167
+ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ centralizer ุงู„ B ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ AB
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:30:08,170 --> 00:30:22,110
1171
+ ุจุฏุช ุณุงูˆูŠ PA AB ุจุฏุช ุณุงูˆูŠ PA ูŠุนู†ูŠ ABA inverse ุฅูŠุด
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:30:22,110 --> 00:30:29,740
1175
+ ุจุฏุช ุณุงูˆูŠุŸB ุจุณ ABA inverse ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃุตู„ุงุŸ B
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:30:29,740 --> 00:30:34,040
1179
+ inverse ูŠุนู†ูŠ B inverse ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ B ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงุตุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:30:34,040 --> 00:30:40,800
1183
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู†ุฌูŠุจู‡ุง ุฃู†ู‡ B ุชุบุจูŠุง ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:30:40,800 --> 00:30:44,840
1187
+ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:30:44,840 --> 00:30:47,820
1191
+ ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจุŸ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:31:04,450 --> 00:31:09,130
1195
+ ุจุณ ูˆู‚ุช ููŠู‡ .. ููŠู‡ ุฃููƒุงุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทู„ุนุช ูƒูŠู ููƒุฑู†ุง ููŠ ุญู„
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:31:09,130 --> 00:31:13,710
1199
+ ูˆ ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู†ุซุจุชู‡ุŒ ุงุดุชุบู„ู†ุง
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:31:13,710 --> 00:31:17,550
1203
+ ูˆูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุดุบู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:31:17,550 --> 00:31:25,530
1207
+ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุตู„ู‘ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุจุตุฑุงุญุฉ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:31:25,530 --> 00:31:25,810
1211
+ ูƒุชุจ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:31:45,950 --> 00:31:50,790
1215
+ ุณู†ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:31:50,790 --> 00:31:58,490
1219
+ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ order ู„ู„ J ู…ุซู„ุง ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ M finite ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:31:58,490 --> 00:32:04,130
1223
+ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:32:04,130 --> 00:32:08,090
1227
+ N such that ุฃู† A ุฃูุณ N ุจุฏุช ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity ู„ูƒู„ A
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:32:08,090 --> 00:32:14,280
1231
+ ููŠ ุงู„ J ุทุจุนุง ุงู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒุงู„ู€ N ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ least
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:32:14,280 --> 00:32:19,920
1235
+ common multiple ู„ order A ุญูŠุซ A ููŠ ุงู„ู€ G ู…ุด ุดุบู„
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:32:19,920 --> 00:32:26,100
1239
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุฎุฏ ุงู„ N ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู‡ูŠ least common
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:32:26,100 --> 00:32:31,320
1243
+ multiple ู„ order ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ G
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:32:31,320 --> 00:32:39,380
1247
+ ุณุคุงู„ 32 ุชุจุน ุงู„ lattice 32 33 34 35 ุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ูุถู„
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:32:41,970 --> 00:32:46,870
1251
+ 31 ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงุซุจุช ุงู†ู‡ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุจุชุฑูุน ูƒู„ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ุฌูŠ ุงู„ูˆ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:32:46,870 --> 00:32:51,170
1255
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ุงู„ identity ุงู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ least
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:32:51,170 --> 00:32:58,450
1259
+ common multiple ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ orders ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงูŠ ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:32:58,450 --> 00:33:03,120
1263
+ n ู‡ุฐุง multiple ู„ู„ order ุชุจุนู‡ูู„ู…ุง ุชุฑูุน ุงู„ a to n
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:33:03,120 --> 00:33:08,840
1267
+ ู‡ุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ a ุงูˆ order ุงู„ a ููŠ ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ a ู…ุน order ุงู„ a
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:33:08,840 --> 00:33:11,180
1271
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ุงู„ ุงุฏ ุงู† ุงู†ุช ุจุชุฎู„ุต ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุทุจุนุง ุงู†ุช ุนุดุงู†
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:33:11,180 --> 00:33:14,600
1275
+ ุชุดุบู„ ููŠ finite case ูุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุชุจุนุชูŠ ุงู„ a finite
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:33:14,600 --> 00:33:21,060
1279
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏ ูˆุงู„ order ุงู„ู‡ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏ ูˆุจุชุงู„ูŠ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:33:21,060 --> 00:33:23,980
1283
+ ุงู†ุช ุจุชุดุบู„ ุงู„ least common multiple ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏ ู…ู†
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:33:23,980 --> 00:33:28,600
1287
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ูˆูƒู„ ุฑู‚ู… ุฏุงุฎู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุณุจุฉ ุงูŠุถุง ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏ ูุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:33:28,600 --> 00:33:33,570
1291
+ ุงู† ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ู…ุนุงูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุฑู‚ู…ุฃูˆ ุนุฏุฏ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:33:33,570 --> 00:33:37,650
1295
+ infinity ู‡ุงู† ูˆุงุถุญุŸ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:33:37,650 --> 00:33:41,950
1299
+ ุทุจ ู…ุด ู†ุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ order ุงู„ J ุจุณูˆุง M ู†ุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ ู‡ุงู†ุŸ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:33:41,950 --> 00:33:45,710
1303
+ ู„ุฃ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุถู„ุฉ ุฃู† ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ููŠ finite case ููƒู„
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:33:45,710 --> 00:33:59,970
1307
+ ุงู„ order ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ J ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุชุจุนู‡ู… M ุจูุทูˆุด ุงู„ M ุทูŠุจ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:33:59,970 --> 00:34:01,670
1311
+ ุณุคุงู„ 36 ููŠ ุดุบู„ ุจุฑุถู‡
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:34:07,140 --> 00:34:18,500
1315
+ ุซู… ุงุซุจุช ุงู† ุงู„ู€ j ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† union of a proper ุตุญูŠุญ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:34:18,500 --> 00:34:23,500
1319
+ ุจูŠุฌูŠุจูˆุง ุงุฑูƒุฒูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ proper if and only if j is
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:34:23,500 --> 00:34:35,800
1323
+ not cyclic ุงุซุจุช
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:34:35,800 --> 00:34:42,770
1327
+ ุงู† ุงู„ู€ jุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงุชุญุงุฏ proper subgroup if and only
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:34:42,770 --> 00:34:47,650
1331
+ if J is not cyclic ุทุจ ุฃู†ุง ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุฅุซุจุงุช ุงุชุฌุงู‡ูŠู†
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:34:47,650 --> 00:35:01,490
1335
+ assume that we can write J ุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† union H ุญูŠุซ ูˆ H
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:35:01,490 --> 00:35:09,120
1339
+ proper subgroup ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Jุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ j
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:35:09,120 --> 00:35:14,960
1343
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุงุชุญุงุฏ ู„ subgroups ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงู…ูŠุฒู‡ุง ุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:35:14,960 --> 00:35:19,400
1347
+ ุงุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ j ู„
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:35:19,400 --> 00:35:27,140
1351
+ subgroups proper ู…ู† ุงู„ j ุงูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ุงุซุจุช ุงู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ j
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:35:27,140 --> 00:35:30,900
1355
+ not cyclic ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูŠ ุงุณุชุนู…ู„ ุงูˆ ุงูŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุณุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:35:30,900 --> 00:35:34,800
1359
+ ุงูŠุด ุงูุถู„ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุณุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:35:40,760 --> 00:35:46,760
1363
+ ุดุจุงุจ ูƒูŠู ุจู†ุซุจุช ุงู† ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ู„ูŠุณ Cyclic ู†ุซุจุช
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:35:46,760 --> 00:35:54,100
1367
+ ุงู† ูˆู„ุง ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ order ู„ู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุทุจ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:35:54,100 --> 00:35:58,780
1371
+ ุงู†ุช ู„ุง ุชู†ุณุงุด ุงู† ุงู„ j finite ุงู„ order ู„ู„ j ุจูŠ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุงูˆูŠ n
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:35:58,780 --> 00:36:07,780
1375
+ finite ุทุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุตุนุจุฉุŸุงู†ุช ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุนู†ุตุฑ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:36:07,780 --> 00:36:11,840
1379
+ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠ ุจุชุซุจุช ุงู† ุงู„ order ุฅู„ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ n ู…ูŠู†
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:36:11,840 --> 00:36:14,860
1383
+ ุงู„ุฃุณู‡ู„ุŸ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:36:14,860 --> 00:36:20,540
1387
+ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุณู‡ู„ุŸ ุฃุณุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฃุณุทูˆุจ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:36:20,540 --> 00:36:26,100
1391
+ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุŸ ุฃุณุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ direct ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ indirectุŸ ุงู„ุฃุณู‡ู„
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:36:26,100 --> 00:36:31,020
1395
+ ู‡ุงู† ุฃุณุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ indirect assume that
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:36:31,020 --> 00:36:33,940
1399
+ J is cyclic
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:36:37,530 --> 00:36:44,250
1403
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู† ุงู„ู€ J is generated by some A ู‡ุฐุง
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:36:44,250 --> 00:36:50,090
1407
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู€ A ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ู„ู€ J ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ union ู„ู€ H
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:36:50,090 --> 00:36:56,230
1411
+ subgroup ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ J ู„ู€ H ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ G ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงุชุญุงุฏ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:36:56,230 --> 00:37:00,210
1415
+ ุจุฑุจุฑ subgroups ูˆุงู„ู€ A ููŠ ุงู„ู€ J ูŠู‚ุจู„ A ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:37:00,210 --> 00:37:09,130
1419
+ ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู€ A ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ some H for someH
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:37:09,130 --> 00:37:14,190
1423
+ proper subgroup ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู‡ ุงู„ A ุนู†ุตุฑ ููŠ proper
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:37:14,190 --> 00:37:20,410
1427
+ subgroup ู…ู† ุฌูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู†ู‡ generated
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:37:20,410 --> 00:37:27,790
1431
+ by ุงู„ A ุตุงุฑุช subgroup ู…ู† ู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ H ู…ูŠู† generated
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:37:27,790 --> 00:37:30,390
1435
+ by ุงู„ A ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุฌูŠู‡
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:37:36,010 --> 00:37:44,290
1439
+ J subgroup ู…ู† ุงู„ู€H ูˆ ุงู„ู€H ุฃุตู„ุง subgroup ู…ู† ู…ูŠู† ู…ู†
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:37:44,290 --> 00:37:52,190
1443
+ ุงู„ู€J ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ู€J subgroup ู…ู† ุจูˆุจุฑ subgroup ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:37:52,190 --> 00:37:59,350
1447
+ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุช ููŠู‡ ุตุงุฑ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ ุชุฎูŠู„ ูƒูŠู
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:37:59,350 --> 00:38:04,960
1451
+ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ ุทูŠุจุฉ ุตุงุฑ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุช ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุงุทุจ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:38:04,960 --> 00:38:10,700
1455
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑุง ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู†ุŸ ุตุงุฑุช ุชู†ุงู‚ุถ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:38:10,700 --> 00:38:16,000
1459
+ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุญุงุณูŠุจ ู…ุนุงูƒ ุงู„ J ุจูˆุจุฑ sub group ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:38:16,000 --> 00:38:25,400
1463
+ ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ ุชู†ุงู‚ุถ contradiction so J is not cyclic
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:38:25,400 --> 00:38:29,660
1467
+ ูˆ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:38:29,660 --> 00:38:33,160
1471
+ ุฃุตู„ุง ุงู„ H ุจูˆุจุฑ ุตุญูŠุญ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:38:39,820 --> 00:38:46,980
1475
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู„ุณู‡ ุดูˆู
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:38:46,980 --> 00:38:53,600
1479
+ ู‚ุงุฑุท ุณุคุงู„ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุซุจุช ุงู† ุงู„ J ุงุชุญุงุฏ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:38:53,600 --> 00:39:00,240
1483
+ ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ proper ู…ู†ู‡ุง if and only if ู‡ูŠ ู…ุด cyclic ูู„ูˆ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:39:00,240 --> 00:39:04,000
1487
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงุชุญุงุฏ ู„ proper subgroup ุงุซุจุชุช ุงู†ู‡ุง ู…ุด cyclic
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:39:04,000 --> 00:39:09,370
1491
+ ู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช cyclic ู‡ุณูŠ ููŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉูŠู‚ุจู„ ุฌูŠู‡ not cyclic
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:39:09,370 --> 00:39:16,590
1495
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุนูƒุณูŠ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ assume that
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:39:16,590 --> 00:39:26,530
1499
+ ุฌูŠู‡ is not cyclic ุงุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:39:26,530 --> 00:39:34,670
1503
+ ู„ูƒู„ a ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠู‡ generated by ุงู„ a ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠู‡ ุงุด
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:39:34,670 --> 00:39:41,380
1507
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠูŠุนู†ูŠ generated by ุงู„ A ุงู„ proper subset ู…ู†
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:39:41,380 --> 00:39:47,720
1511
+ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ J ู‡ุฐุง
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:39:47,720 --> 00:39:55,560
1515
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ A ููŠ ุงู„ J ู…ุด
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:39:55,560 --> 00:40:02,060
1519
+ ูƒู„ู‡ู… subset ู…ู† ุงู„ J ูุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ุชุจุนู‡ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:40:05,460 --> 00:40:10,220
1523
+ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ subset ู…ู† ุงู„ j ูุงุชุญุงุฏู‡ู… ู‡ูŠุธู„
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:40:10,220 --> 00:40:16,020
1527
+ subset ู…ู† ุงู„ j ุทุจุนุง
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:40:16,020 --> 00:40:21,200
1531
+ ุงู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ูƒุงุชุญุงุฏ ูƒ set ู…ุด ูƒ subgroup ู„ุฅู† ู„ูˆ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:40:21,200 --> 00:40:23,780
1535
+ ุนู†ุฏูƒ two subgroup ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ุชุจุนู‡ ู…ุด ุถุฑุฑ ูŠูƒูˆู†
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:40:23,780 --> 00:40:34,740
1539
+ subgroup ุงุนุทูŠู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ now if a ููŠ ุงู„ jู a ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:40:34,740 --> 00:40:41,980
1543
+ generated by ุงู„ a ู a ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ู„ union ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:40:41,980 --> 00:40:49,440
1547
+ ุงู„ j ุตุงุฑุช subset ู…ู† ุงู„ union ูˆ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:40:49,440 --> 00:40:56,560
1551
+ ุงุนุทูŠู‡ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ j ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:40:59,600 --> 00:41:04,300
1555
+ ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ุฌูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงุชุญุงุฏ subgroup ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูˆูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:41:04,300 --> 00:41:13,300
1559
+ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงุดู…ู„ู‡ุง with generated
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:41:13,300 --> 00:41:21,140
1563
+ by ุงู„ a is a proper subgroup of
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:41:21,140 --> 00:41:26,700
1567
+ ุฌูŠ ู„ูƒู„ a ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงุชุญุงุฏ proper
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:41:26,700 --> 00:41:27,420
1571
+ subgroup
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:41:31,040 --> 00:41:36,440
1575
+ ูˆุงุถุญุฉุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงุซุจุงุช ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู„ู‡ุง .. ู„ุฃ ู„ู‡ุง .. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ F
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:41:36,440 --> 00:41:40,000
1579
+ and only F ู„ู‡ุง .. ู„ู‡ุง .. ู„ู‡ุง .. ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ F ูˆ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:41:40,000 --> 00:41:40,480
1583
+ only F
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:42:24,110 --> 00:42:28,890
1587
+ 37 show that the group of positive rational number
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:42:28,890 --> 00:42:37,850
1591
+ under multiplication is not cyclic ูŠุนู†ูŠ Q ุฒุงุฆุฏ ู…ุน
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:42:37,850 --> 00:42:45,270
1595
+ ุถุฑุจ not cyclic Q
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:42:45,270 --> 00:42:54,070
1599
+ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ู†ุณุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉู‡ุฃู‚ูˆู„ assume ุงู„ู€
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:42:54,070 --> 00:43:00,750
1603
+ Q generated by some a ุนู„ู‰ b with
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:43:00,750 --> 00:43:06,510
1607
+ the greatest common divisor ู„ a ูˆ b ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:43:06,510 --> 00:43:14,710
1611
+ ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ a ูˆ ุงู„ b ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ initial number ุทุจ
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:43:14,710 --> 00:43:19,250
1615
+ ุนู„ุดุงู† ู…ุงุฎุฏุชู‡ู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ z ู„ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:43:19,250 --> 00:43:29,550
1619
+ positiveู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ุจุฏุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ a ุนู„ู‰ b ู‚ุต
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:43:29,550 --> 00:43:39,730
1623
+ ุฃู† ุทุจุนุง .. ุทุจุนุง clearly ุฃู† ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ zero ู„ุฃู†
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:43:39,730 --> 00:43:45,710
1627
+ ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ a ุนู„ู‰ b ู‚ุต ุตูุฑ ู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ also
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:43:47,400 --> 00:43:56,140
1631
+ if n ุจุฏุช ุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ุจุฏุช ุณุงูˆูŠ a ุนู„ู‰ b ู‡ุฐุง
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:43:56,140 --> 00:44:06,220
1635
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู† ุงู„ q star generated by ุชู†ูŠู† ุงูˆ
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:44:06,220 --> 00:44:11,000
1639
+ q ุฒุงุฏ generated by ุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู† ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุฏุช
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:44:11,000 --> 00:44:17,610
1643
+ ุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู†ูŠู† ุฃุณุงู… for someู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ z ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:44:17,610 --> 00:44:20,930
1647
+ ุงู„ุชู„ู‚ู‰
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:44:20,930 --> 00:44:27,910
1651
+ ุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุชุณูˆู‰ power ู„ู„ุชู†ูŠู† ุทูŠุจ if n ุจุฏุช ุณุงูˆู‰ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:44:27,910 --> 00:44:35,730
1655
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ a ุนู„ู‰ b ุจุฏุช ุณุงูˆู‰ ู†ุต ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุช ุจุฏุช
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:44:35,730 --> 00:44:41,330
1659
+ ุณุงูˆู‰ ู†ุต ุฃูุต ู… ูˆุงู„ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ z ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุชุจุฏู‰ ุณุงูˆู‰
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:44:41,330 --> 00:44:47,950
1663
+ ุชู†ูŠู† ุฃูุต ู… ูˆุงู„ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ z ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุชู†ุงู‚ุถูŠูƒุจู‰ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ุง ุตูุฑ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:44:47,950 --> 00:44:53,270
1667
+ ูˆู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠูƒุจู‰ ูŠุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุง
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:44:53,270 --> 00:45:00,430
1671
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ if n ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠูƒุจู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:45:00,430 --> 00:45:06,590
1675
+ ุจุฏุช ุณุงูˆูŠ a ุนู„ู‰ b ุฃุณ n ุจุฏุช ุณุงูˆูŠ a ุฃุณ n ุนู„ู‰ b ุฃุณ n
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:45:06,590 --> 00:45:13,530
1679
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ a ุฃุณ n ุจุฏุช ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† b ุฃุณ n
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:45:17,400 --> 00:45:22,520
1683
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุชู†ูŠู† ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ a ุฃูุณ n ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชู†ูŠู† ุชู‚ุณู…
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:45:22,520 --> 00:45:31,640
1687
+ ุงู„ a ูŠูƒุจุฑ a ุจุฏุช ุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู†ูŠู† k ูˆ ุงู„ k ู…ู† ุงู„ n ูŠูƒุจุฑ
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:45:31,640 --> 00:45:37,280
1691
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† p ุฃูุณ n ุจุฏุช ุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู†ูŠู† k ุฃูุณ n ุจุฏุช ุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู†ูŠู†
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:45:37,280 --> 00:45:42,060
1695
+ ุฃูุณ n k ุฃูุณ n ูŠูƒุจุฑ p ุฃูุณ n ุจุฏุช ุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู†ูŠู† n minus
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:45:42,060 --> 00:45:48,600
1699
+ ูˆุงุญุฏูƒ ุงุต ุงู† ุชู†ุณุงุด ุงู† ุงู„ุงู† ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ุงู†
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:45:48,600 --> 00:45:53,160
1703
+ ู…ุงูŠู†ูˆุณ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู‚ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠูƒุจุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:45:53,160 --> 00:45:57,580
1707
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ ุจูŠ ุงุต ุงู† ูŠูƒุจุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:45:57,580 --> 00:46:05,020
1711
+ ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ ุจูŠ ุงุนุทูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ star ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ double star ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠูƒ
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:46:05,020 --> 00:46:10,480
1715
+ ุงู† ุงู„ุฌูŠุณ common divisor ู„ a ูˆ b ุงูƒุจุฑ ุงูˆ ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:46:10,480 --> 00:46:17,140
1719
+ ูˆุฏู‡ ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุฌุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูŠุฒูƒูˆุง ู…ุฏูุน
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:46:17,140 --> 00:46:22,640
1723
+ ุฒูˆุฑุฌุงุช ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทุจุนุง ู„ุง ุตูุฑ ูˆู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:46:22,640 --> 00:46:29,560
1727
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุถุงู„ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ if n ุฃู‚ู„
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:46:29,560 --> 00:46:39,860
1731
+ ู…ู† ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู‡ุณูŠ ู…ุนุงูƒ a ุนู„ู‰ b ุฃุณู†ุฉ ุจุฏุช
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:46:39,860 --> 00:46:48,200
1735
+ ุณุงูˆูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠุทุจุนุง ุงู„ N ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูุณู„ุจ
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:46:48,200 --> 00:46:57,420
1739
+ ุงู„ N ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ A ุนู„ู‰ B ุทุจุนุง
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:46:57,420 --> 00:47:04,480
1743
+ ู…ุด ู‡ุฌู„ุจู‡ุง ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ B ุนู„ู‰ A ุงู„ุณู„ุจ N ุจุฏุช ุณูˆู‰ 2
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:47:04,480 --> 00:47:11,440
1747
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ B ุงู„ุณู„ุจ N ุจุฏุช ุณูˆู‰ 2 A ุงู„ุณู„ุจ N
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:47:19,340 --> 00:47:24,340
1751
+ ูŠูƒุจุฑ ุชู†ูŠู† ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ B ูˆุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ N ูŠูƒุจุฑ ุชู†ูŠู† ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ B
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:47:24,340 --> 00:47:30,220
1755
+ Similarly ุชู†ูŠู†
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:47:30,220 --> 00:47:35,260
1759
+ ู‡ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ E ูˆุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ N ูŠูƒุจุฑ ุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ A ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:47:35,260 --> 00:47:39,140
1763
+ ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ุชู†ุงู‚ุถ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูƒุจุฑ ู„ุง ุตูุฑ ูˆู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:47:39,140 --> 00:47:42,880
1767
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ูŠู†
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:47:42,880 --> 00:47:47,420
1771
+ ุถุงู„ุŸ So Q
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:47:48,780 --> 00:47:53,720
1775
+ ุฒุงุฆุฏ is not cyclic
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:47:53,720 --> 00:47:57,440
1779
+ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ ุจู†ุฌุง ูุงู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุญุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:47:57,440 --> 00:48:02,140
1783
+ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ูƒู…ู„ ู…ู† ุณุคุงู„ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุจุณ ู‡ู†ุญุงูˆู„
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:48:02,140 --> 00:48:08,080
1787
+ ุงู†ู‡ ู†ู†ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู† ู…ุด ู‡ุญู„ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:48:08,080 --> 00:48:10,900
1791
+ ุถุงูŠู„ุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู‡ุนุทูŠูƒ ูู‚ุท ู‡ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง
1792
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwZKOpj354PRgwYPWWgxchnI/G00BJLS6eH8.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1959 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,400 --> 00:00:25,980
3
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุจู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ุดุจุชุฑ ุงู„ู€ permutation groups ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ู…
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:25,980 --> 00:00:31,800
7
+ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ู…ุญู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุณุฑุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆู†ู‚ุด ู„ูƒูˆุง ุฃูˆู„ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ุณุงุฆู„
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:31,800 --> 00:00:37,780
11
+ ุจู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ู†ุงู‚ุด ุจู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุชูˆููŠู‚ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:38,220 --> 00:00:42,540
15
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจู†ุฌูŠ ู„ุณุคุงู„ 11ุŒ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ 11 ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุฎุฏ ู„ูŠ a
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:42,540 --> 00:00:47,060
19
+ positive integer ูˆ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:47,060 --> 00:00:53,580
23
+ if ุงู„ู€ a is odd ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ cycle ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง n ุทุจุนู‹ุง
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:56,780 --> 00:01:01,840
27
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ 11 ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ n
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:01:01,840 --> 00:01:09,380
31
+ positive integer ูˆ ุงู„ู€ a is odd ูˆุงู„ุง ุงู„ู€ alpha is
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:09,380 --> 00:01:17,260
35
+ odd ูˆ ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง n cycle ู ุงู„ู€ n cycle ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ odd ูˆุงู„ุง
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:17,260 --> 00:01:21,820
39
+ even ู‚ุงู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ูƒ ู…ุนุงูƒ ุงู„ุขู†
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:22,280 --> 00:01:30,160
43
+ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ n ู…ุงุฎุฏ ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ positive integer
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:30,160 --> 00:01:40,410
47
+ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ n is oddูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ cycle ุงู„ู€ cycle ู‡ุฐู‡
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:40,410 --> 00:01:49,190
51
+ ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง n ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ a1 a2 ูˆ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ an ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ู„
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:49,190 --> 00:01:55,070
55
+ ุงู„ู€ permutation ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ even ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‚ุฏ ุนู„ู…ู‹ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ n
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:55,070 --> 00:02:01,620
59
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† odd ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ n
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:02:01,620 --> 00:02:06,580
63
+ even ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ n ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:02:06,580 --> 00:02:12,580
67
+ odd ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ even ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:02:12,580 --> 00:02:18,380
71
+ ุฃุฎุฏ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ n ุงู„ู€ n is odd
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:02:18,380 --> 00:02:24,200
75
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุนุฏุฏู‡ู… odd ูƒู… Transposition ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุณูˆูŠ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:24,200 --> 00:02:30,460
79
+ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุฏุฏู‡ู… n chemical composition ุฃูˆ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:30,460 --> 00:02:36,900
83
+ two cycles ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุนู…ู„ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู‚ุฏุงุด ุนุฏุฏู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:36,900 --> 00:02:41,540
87
+ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุนุฏุฏู‡ู… ุจู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุนุฏุฏู‡ู… ุจู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:41,540 --> 00:02:46,120
91
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุนุฏุฏู‡ู… ุจู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ n ูุฑุฏูŠ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:46,120 --> 00:02:52,720
95
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†ู‡ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฒูˆุฌูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง if ุงู„ู€
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:52,720 --> 00:03:01,250
99
+ n is odd ุฃูˆ even ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ is even ุฃูˆ odd
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:03:01,250 --> 00:03:02,870
103
+ permutation
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:03:05,030 --> 00:03:10,890
107
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุฒูŠ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:03:10,890 --> 00:03:14,310
111
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ูˆ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ุฃู†ุง ุฃุดูŠุฑ ุฃู†ุฒู„ ุณุงูŠูƒู„ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:03:14,310 --> 00:03:19,390
115
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ูุฑุฏูŠ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุฃูƒู…ู„
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:03:19,390 --> 00:03:23,170
119
+ ุชุฑุงู†ุณุจูˆุฒุด ุฅู† ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุนู…ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:23,170 --> 00:03:28,620
123
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูู‚ุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ even permutation ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฅุฐุง
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:28,620 --> 00:03:33,520
127
+ ุงู„ู€ cycle ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠู‡ุง odd ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:33,520 --> 00:03:37,520
131
+ ุนู† odd ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ transposition is even ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:37,520 --> 00:03:42,160
135
+ permutation ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง even ูˆุฅู† ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ู‡ุฐุง
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:42,160 --> 00:03:45,840
139
+ even ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ permutation ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุฃูˆ odd ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:45,840 --> 00:03:51,100
143
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุจุณุคุงู„ 11 ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ 12 ูŠู‚ูˆู„
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:51,100 --> 00:03:56,040
147
+ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ alpha even ุดูˆู ู„ู„ู€ alpha inverse ุฃูˆ ุงุซุจุช
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:56,040 --> 00:03:59,820
151
+ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ alpha inverse even ูˆ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ alpha odd
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:59,820 --> 00:04:07,260
155
+ ุงุซุจุช ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ alpha inverse is even ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุณุคุงู„ 12
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:04:07,260 --> 00:04:15,830
159
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ if ุงู„ู€ alpha is even ุฃูˆ odd then ุงู„ู€ alpha
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:04:15,830 --> 00:04:22,930
163
+ inverse is even ุฃูˆ odd ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงูŠุฒูŠู† ุฅู† ุชุจุฏุฃ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:22,930 --> 00:04:29,450
167
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง solution ุญู„ูŠุช
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:29,450 --> 00:04:32,690
171
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู†ุช ูŠุง ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:32,690 --> 00:04:38,190
175
+ even ูˆ odd ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญู„ูŠุช ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ู…ุณุชุงู‡ู„ ูƒู„ุงู…
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:38,190 --> 00:04:43,660
179
+ ุฐุงุฑูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุงูุชุฑุถุช ุฅู†ู‡ alpha even
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:43,660 --> 00:04:51,600
183
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ if ุงู„ู€ alpha is even ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ alpha ู‡ุฐู‡
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:51,600 --> 00:04:56,980
187
+ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ุง alpha 1 alpha 2 ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ alpha
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:56,980 --> 00:05:04,180
191
+ 2N and ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุงู„ู‡ู… two cycles ุฃูˆ transpositions
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:05:04,180 --> 00:05:08,720
195
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ alpha 1 ูˆุงู„ู€ alpha 2 ูˆ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:05:08,720 --> 00:05:12,240
199
+ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ alpha 2N ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ุชุจู‚ู‰
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:05:12,240 --> 00:05:17,620
203
+ 2 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒุชุจุช ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cycles ุฃูˆู‰
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:17,620 --> 00:05:22,240
207
+ transpositions ุทุจ ู„ูŠุด ูƒุชุจุช 2N ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:22,240 --> 00:05:28,080
211
+ alpha is even ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูƒู„ู‡ู… 2N ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:28,080 --> 00:05:32,480
215
+ ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงู„ู€ alpha
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:32,480 --> 00:05:37,780
219
+ inverse ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ alpha 1 alpha 2 alpha
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:37,780 --> 00:05:40,640
223
+ 2N ูˆ ูƒู„ู‡ inverse
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:45,080 --> 00:05:50,420
227
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ inverse ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุนูŠุฏ ูƒุชุงุจุชู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู ุฅู„ู‰
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:50,420 --> 00:05:56,580
231
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ alpha 2N inverse ุงู„ู„ูŠ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:56,580 --> 00:06:01,400
235
+ ุฌุงุจู„ู‡ alpha 2N ู†ุงู‚ุต 1 inverse ุจุถู„ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:06:01,400 --> 00:06:07,770
239
+ alpha 2 inverse alpha 1 inverse ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุฎุฐุชู‡ ููŠ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:06:07,770 --> 00:06:12,850
243
+ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ transposition ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุชุจุนู‡ ู‡ูˆ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:06:12,850 --> 00:06:18,250
247
+ ู†ูุณู‡ ูˆู„ุง ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู ู†ูุณู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุดูŠู„ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุฃุญุท
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:06:18,250 --> 00:06:23,670
251
+ main ูˆ ุฃุญุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:23,670 --> 00:06:30,550
255
+ alpha 2N alpha 2N minus ุงู„ู€ 1 ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ alpha 2 alpha
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:30,550 --> 00:06:38,790
259
+ 1 ู‚ุฏุงุด ุนุฏุฏู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุŸ ุนุฏุฏู‡ู… 2N ูŠุนู†ูŠ even ูŠุจู‚ู‰
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:38,790 --> 00:06:45,310
263
+ ู‡ุฐุง even ุชู…ุงู… ุฅุฐุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ alpha even ุงู„ู€ alpha
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:45,310 --> 00:06:50,510
267
+ inverse even ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ alpha odd ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ alpha
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:50,510 --> 00:06:57,190
271
+ inverse ูƒุฐู„ูƒ odd similarly ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ similarly
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:57,190 --> 00:07:07,710
275
+ if ุงู„ู€ alpha is odd then alpha inverse is odd
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:07:07,710 --> 00:07:14,490
279
+ ูˆุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุนุจุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุตุนุจุฉ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:07:14,490 --> 00:07:19,670
283
+ ุชุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ inverse ุชุจุนู‡ุง ูˆุชุฑุฌุนู‡ุง ู„ุฃุตู„ู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุณุคุงู„
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:07:19,670 --> 00:07:26,310
287
+ 17 ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ุณุคุงู„ 17 ู…ุนุทูŠู†ูŠ alpha ูˆ beta ุณุคุงู„
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:07:26,310 --> 00:07:33,600
291
+ 17 ู…ุนุทูŠู†ูŠ alpha ูˆ beta alpha ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:07:33,600 --> 00:07:38,660
295
+ permutation ู…ู† 1 ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ 6 2 3 4
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:38,660 --> 00:07:43,720
299
+ 5 6 ูˆุงู„ุตูุฑ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ 2 1 3 5 2
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:43,720 --> 00:07:53,110
303
+ 1 3 5 4 ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง 6 ูˆ beta ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:53,110 --> 00:07:58,670
307
+ ู…ู† 1 ู„ู€ 6 2 3 4 5 6 ูˆุงู„ุตูุฑ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:58,670 --> 00:08:03,210
311
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ 6 1 2 4 6 1 2 4
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:08:03,210 --> 00:08:08,670
315
+ 3 5 ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ูŠ ุซู„ุงุซ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:08:08,670 --> 00:08:13,170
319
+ ุดุบู„ุงุช alpha inverse ูˆ beta alpha ูˆ alpha beta ุทู„ุจ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:08:13,170 --> 00:08:21,510
323
+ find alpha inverse ูˆ alpha beta ูˆ beta alpha
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:08:30,000 --> 00:08:34,020
327
+ ุงู„ุฎูŠุงุฑ ูŠุง ุจู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ alpha ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุถุน ูŠุง
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:08:34,020 --> 00:08:38,400
331
+ ุจู†ุญูˆู„ู‡ุง ู„ู„ู€ cycles ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ inverse ุนู„ู‰ ุฒูŠ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:08:38,400 --> 00:08:42,000
335
+ ู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ ุน ุงู„ุดูƒู„ุชูŠู† ู…ุงุดูŠ ุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฌูŠุจ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:08:42,000 --> 00:08:48,400
339
+ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูƒูŠู ุจู†ุฌูŠุจ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ู‡ุฐูŠู†ุŸ ุญุฏ ุจูŠุนุฑูุŸ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:08:48,400 --> 00:08:50,320
343
+ ู†ูุณ ู†ูุณู‡
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:08:54,870 --> 00:08:59,970
347
+ ูƒูŠู ุจู†ุฌูŠุจ ู…ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ู€ permutation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูƒุชูˆุจุฉ ุตููŠู†ุŸ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:59,970 --> 00:09:03,190
351
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:09:03,190 --> 00:09:06,870
355
+ ุฅูŠุด ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ู…ุญู…ูˆุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ุดุงู† ูŠุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:09:06,870 --> 00:09:13,650
359
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุงุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุนู…ู„ุŸ cycle ูƒูŠุด ูŠุง ุฑุงุฌู„ุŸ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุง ุนุทูŠูƒ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:09:13,650 --> 00:09:16,750
363
+ permutation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุฃ .. ู…ุง ุญูˆู„ุชู‡ุงุด ู„ู€ cyclesุŒ ู…ุง ุจุฏุฃุช
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:09:16,750 --> 00:09:21,290
367
+ ูŠุจู‡ูŠูƒุฏ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† cycles ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:09:21,290 --> 00:09:28,900
371
+ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู†ุณูˆูŠ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ูุงู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุญุงู„ ูƒู„ู…ุชูŠู†
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:09:28,900 --> 00:09:33,020
375
+ ุฃุตุบุงุฑ ู…ููŠุด ุบูŠุฑู‡ู… ุจุจุฏู„ ุงู„ุตู ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:09:33,020 --> 00:09:36,900
379
+ ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุจุนูŠุฏ ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ permutation ุจุณ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:09:36,900 --> 00:09:43,140
383
+ ุฌู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒูˆุงู„ุง ู…ุง ุฌู„ู‡ุงุด ุงู„ูƒู‡ุงุฌุฑ ู…ุง ุญุณุจุด ุงู„ูƒูˆุงู„ุง ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:09:43,140 --> 00:09:48,340
387
+ ู„ู€ permutation ูƒูŠูุŸ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ cycles
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:09:52,010 --> 00:09:55,090
391
+ ุงุณุชููŠุฏ ูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู…ุฏู‰ ู…ุง ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:09:55,090 --> 00:09:59,730
395
+ ุฎุฐู‡ุง ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ู€ alpha inverse
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:59,730 --> 00:10:04,810
399
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ 2 1 3 5 4
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:10:04,810 --> 00:10:09,550
403
+ 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:10:09,550 --> 00:10:15,490
407
+ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุจุณ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนูŠุฏ ุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุจุญูŠุซ ูุนู„ู‹ุง ุงู„ุตู ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:10:15,490 --> 00:10:22,550
411
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู‡ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุฉ ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุญุณุจ ูˆุถุนู‡ุง
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:10:22,550 --> 00:10:27,690
415
+ ูŠูุงุฌุฆ 1 2 3 4 5 6 ูˆู‡ูŠุฌูู„ู†ุง
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:10:27,690 --> 00:10:32,510
419
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุŸ 2 ูŠูุงุฌุฆ 2 2 ุฅูŠุด
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:10:32,510 --> 00:10:39,050
423
+ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุŸ 1 ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุง 3 ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:10:39,050 --> 00:10:44,050
427
+ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุง 5
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:10:44,050 --> 00:10:49,530
431
+ ูˆุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุง 4 ูˆุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุง 6 ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:10:49,530 --> 00:10:54,150
435
+ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ permutation ุทุจ ุฏู‡ ุชุฃูƒุฏ ุญู„ ุงู„ุตุญ ูˆ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:10:54,150 --> 00:10:58,150
439
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุบู„ุท ู…ุง ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู…ุณูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ุชุถุฑุจู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:10:58,150 --> 00:11:05,620
443
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุทู„ุน ู…ูŠู† identity permutation 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:11:05,620 --> 00:11:11,820
447
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏู‡ ุชุดูƒู„ูƒ ุงุนู…ู„ู‡ ูˆุดูˆู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ุบู„ุท ุจุฏูƒ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:11:11,820 --> 00:11:15,220
451
+ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ cycles ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุนู„ู…ูƒ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:11:15,220 --> 00:11:23,300
455
+ ุงู„ู€ cycles ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู…ูˆู‡ ู„ูƒ ูƒู„ุงู… ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ุฆุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ุนู„ู‰
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:11:23,300 --> 00:11:28,420
459
+ ุฃูŠ ุญุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:11:28,420 --> 00:11:34,050
463
+ ุงู„ูุง ุจูŠุชุง ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฌูŠุจ ู„ู‡ alpha beta ู…ุง ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฅู„ุง
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:11:34,050 --> 00:11:39,350
467
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ permutations ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุฃูˆูŠ ุชุญูˆู„ู‡ู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:11:39,350 --> 00:11:43,650
471
+ cycle ูˆ ุชุฌูŠุจ ุฅูŠู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ู€ composition ุชุจุนู‡ู… ุญุณุจ ู„ูƒูˆุง
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:11:43,650 --> 00:11:47,250
475
+ ุงู„ู€ composition ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆู„ุง ุฒูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:11:47,250 --> 00:11:52,950
479
+ ุญุณุจ ู„ูƒูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทูŠุจ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุง ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:11:52,950 --> 00:11:58,350
483
+ alpha 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 1
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:11:58,350 --> 00:12:05,290
487
+ 3 5 4 6 ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ 1 2 3
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:12:05,290 --> 00:12:12,630
491
+ 4 5 6 ุงู„ุตู ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ 6 1 2 4
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:12:12,630 --> 00:12:20,820
495
+ 3 5 ูˆูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุจุฐูƒุฑ ุชุฐูƒูŠุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงุจุฏุฃ ู‡ุงูŠ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:12:20,820 --> 00:12:26,840
499
+ 1 2 3 4 5 6 ูˆู‡ูŠุฌูู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุจุจุฏุฃ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:12:26,840 --> 00:12:32,580
503
+ ุจุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ ุขู‡ ุณุชุฉ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:12:32,580 --> 00:12:37,740
507
+ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุทุงู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุง ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุง ุขู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:12:37,740 --> 00:12:42,740
511
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ ุณุชุฉ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู†
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:12:42,740 --> 00:12:47,860
515
+ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุง ุขู‡ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฏู‡
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:12:47,860 --> 00:12:52,220
519
+ ูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซู‡ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุง ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู† ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุง
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:12:52,220 --> 00:12:56,560
523
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู„ุงุฑุจุนู‡
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:12:56,560 --> 00:13:01,580
527
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุนู‡ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุง ุงุฑุจุนู‡ ูˆุงู„ุงุฑุจุนู‡ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุง ุฎู…ุณู‡ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:13:01,580 --> 00:13:06,460
531
+ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุง ุซู„ุงุซู‡ ูˆุงู„ุซู„ุงุซู‡ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุง ุซู„ุงุซู‡ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุง
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:13:06,460 --> 00:13:11,910
535
+ ุฎู…ุณู‡ ูˆุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุง ุงุฑุจุนู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุช ุดุงูŠู ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:13:11,910 --> 00:13:14,230
539
+ ุงู„ู€ composition ุงู†ุช ุชู„ุงุญุธ ุงู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุชุฌูŠุจ ุงู„
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:13:14,230 --> 00:13:19,770
543
+ composition ูˆู„ุง ุฑู‚ู… ูŠุชูƒุฑุฑ ู…ุฑุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ู„ุง ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุฅู„ุง
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:13:19,770 --> 00:13:22,530
547
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ permutation ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:13:22,530 --> 00:13:26,670
551
+ function ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ function one to one and onto
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:13:26,670 --> 00:13:31,350
555
+ ุจุชุบุทูŠ ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ูˆู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุตุฑ ูŠุดุชุฑูƒูˆุง ููŠ ู†ูุณ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:13:31,350 --> 00:13:36,330
559
+ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุทู„ุงู‚ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ alpha beta
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:13:36,330 --> 00:13:40,530
563
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ beta alpha ุฒ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู‡ุง ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠุด ู…ุดูƒู„ู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:13:40,530 --> 00:13:46,530
567
+ ูƒุงู† ุณุคุงู„ ุณุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ุชุณุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ู‚ู„ ุงุชุด subgroup
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:13:46,530 --> 00:13:57,390
571
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Sn ุณุคุงู„ ุชุณุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ู‚ู„ ุงุชุด subgroup ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Sn ู‡ุฐุง
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:13:57,390 --> 00:14:11,740
575
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ any element of H is even or half
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:14:11,740 --> 00:14:16,920
579
+ elements of
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:14:16,920 --> 00:14:21,740
583
+ S and R are even
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:14:31,780 --> 00:14:39,360
587
+ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู„ู€ Sn ููŠู‡ุง permutations ุงูŠุด
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:14:39,360 --> 00:14:45,360
591
+ even ูˆุง ูŠุด oddุŸ ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ุงุซุจุชู†ุง ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:14:45,360 --> 00:14:49,600
595
+ ุงู† ุงู„ู€ set of all even permutations ูˆุฏูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ุฑู…ุฒ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:14:49,600 --> 00:14:55,940
599
+ An is a subgroup ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Sn ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ู‚ู„ู†ุง
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:14:55,940 --> 00:14:59,080
603
+ ู„ู‡ the set of all odd permutation is not a
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:14:59,080 --> 00:15:03,560
607
+ subgroup ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ identity ุงู„ู€ identity
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:15:03,560 --> 00:15:08,780
611
+ even permutation ุชู…ุงู… ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุชูˆุง odd
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:15:08,780 --> 00:15:12,740
615
+ permutation ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ even ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ operation ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง is
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:15:12,740 --> 00:15:18,260
619
+ not a binary operation ุงูˆ is not closed under the
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:15:18,260 --> 00:15:21,580
623
+ composition of functions ุงูˆ of permutations
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:15:21,930 --> 00:15:25,570
627
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ odd permutation ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู†
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:15:25,570 --> 00:15:28,030
631
+ ููŠ ูŠูˆู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุงูŠุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ subgroup ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:15:28,030 --> 00:15:34,710
635
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุงู† ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ุด ุงู†ู‡ุง ุงุฎุฐู†ุง h
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:15:34,710 --> 00:15:40,310
639
+ subgroup ู…ู† Sn ูŠุจุฏุฃูƒ ุชุฑูˆุญ ุชุซุจุช ู„ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ูƒู„ element ู…ู†
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:15:40,310 --> 00:15:44,190
643
+ h ุจูŠูƒูˆู† even permutation ูˆู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุถุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ุงู†
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:15:44,190 --> 00:15:47,330
647
+ ุงู„ู€ odd permutations ุนู…ุฑู‡ู… ู…ุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ subgroup
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:15:47,330 --> 00:15:57,330
651
+ ุจุฏูƒุด ุจู„ุงุด ุงุซุจุช ู„ูŠ ุงู† ุงู„ู€ elements of h ู†ุต ุนู†ุงุตุฑ Sn
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:15:57,330 --> 00:16:03,740
655
+ ุจุฏู‡ู… ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง even ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ Sn ููŠู‡ุง ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุนู†ุตุฑ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:16:03,740 --> 00:16:08,680
659
+ ูุนุดุฑุฉ even ูˆุนุดุฑุฉ odd ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูŠุซุจุชู‡ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:16:08,680 --> 00:16:13,140
663
+ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠุด ุงุซุจุช ู„ู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุจูƒููŠู†ูŠ ู…ู†ูƒ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:16:13,140 --> 00:16:17,960
667
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุซุจุชู‡ ููŠู‡ู… ู„ุงู†ู‡ or or ุชุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูˆ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:16:17,960 --> 00:16:22,470
671
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุทูŠุจ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุชู…ุงู… ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุญุงูˆู„ ุงุชู†ุทู„ุน ุงู† ู†ุต
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:16:22,470 --> 00:16:28,210
675
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ SN ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง even ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ odd
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:16:28,210 --> 00:16:32,250
679
+ permutation ุฌุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ even permutation ูˆุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:16:32,250 --> 00:16:35,490
683
+ ุงู„ุงุณุชุงุฐ ู…ุญู…ูˆุฏ ุฌุงู„ูƒูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠ ุงู† ุงู„ู€ order
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:16:35,490 --> 00:16:40,870
687
+ ู„ู„ู€ alternating group AN ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† N factorial
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:16:40,870 --> 00:16:45,890
691
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุทูŠุจ ู…ุฏุงู… ุฌุงู„ูƒูˆุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ุจุชู‡ุฏู‰
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:16:45,890 --> 00:16:52,720
695
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุง ุงู„ู€ A ู…ุด ู‡ู†ุชุจุช ุนู…ู„ูŠุง ุจุถุฑูˆุญ ุงูุชุฑุถ ุงู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ odd
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:16:52,720 --> 00:17:03,260
699
+ permutation beta ูŠุจู‚ู‰ assume that ุงู† ุงู„ู€ beta is an
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:17:03,260 --> 00:17:10,040
703
+ odd permutation ูƒูˆูŠุณ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:17:12,170 --> 00:17:18,110
707
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ odd ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ even ุจุฏูŠ ุงุนุฑู function ู…ู†
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:17:18,110 --> 00:17:23,090
711
+ ุงู„ู€ even permutations ู„ู„ู€ odd permutations ูˆุงุฐุง ุทู„ุนุช
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:17:23,090 --> 00:17:26,870
715
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ function one to one and onto ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:17:26,870 --> 00:17:32,270
719
+ odd ุจุตูŠุฑ ุฌุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ even ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ even ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:17:32,270 --> 00:17:37,770
723
+ ู†ุต ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ S ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:17:37,770 --> 00:17:39,630
727
+ ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„ู‡ define
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:17:44,730 --> 00:17:50,370
731
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Alternating group of degree n ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ set
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:17:50,370 --> 00:17:58,970
735
+ of all odd permutations ู„ู„ู€ S ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ู€ An ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:17:58,970 --> 00:18:03,730
739
+ group ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ set ูƒู„ู‡ุง
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:18:03,730 --> 00:18:11,520
743
+ ุทูŠุจ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจุŸ ุงู„ู€ Sn ู„ู…ุง ุดูŠู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:18:11,520 --> 00:18:16,320
747
+ even ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุธู„ ุงู„ู€ odd ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ set of all odd
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:18:16,320 --> 00:18:21,260
751
+ permutations ูˆู‡ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู€ set of all even permutations
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:18:21,260 --> 00:18:33,920
755
+ ุจุงูŠ ูุงูŠ of alpha ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณูˆู‰ alpha beta ู…ุซู„ุง ุจุชุชุฃูƒุฏ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:18:33,920 --> 00:18:38,450
759
+ ุชุนุฑูŠููŠ ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ุบู„ุท ุงู†ุง ู…ุนุฑู Function Phi ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ set
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:18:38,450 --> 00:18:41,490
763
+ of all even permutation ู„ู„ู€ set of all odd
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:18:41,490 --> 00:18:46,090
767
+ permutation ุจุงูŠ Phi of Alpha ูŠุจู‚ู‰ Alpha ูŠุงุด even
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:18:46,090 --> 00:18:52,390
771
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ a in ุจุฏุช ุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ู€ odd ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:18:52,390 --> 00:18:57,850
775
+ even ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูŠุด ูุฑุถู‡ุง ุงู†ุง odd ุทุจ odd ููŠ even ุงูŠุด
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:18:57,850 --> 00:19:05,090
779
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ odd ููŠ even ุขู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุขู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:19:05,090 --> 00:19:09,170
783
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุนุฑูŠู ุณู„ูŠู… ู…ุงุฆู‡ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฆู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:19:09,170 --> 00:19:11,790
787
+ function ู„ูˆ ุฌู„ุณู†ุง ู†ุซุจุช ุงู†ู‡ุง one to one and ุงู†ุชูˆุง
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:19:11,790 --> 00:19:16,030
791
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุจุตูŠุฑ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ odd permutation ุฌุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:19:16,030 --> 00:19:21,110
795
+ even permutation ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุต ุนู†ุงุตุฑ s ุงู† ุจุตูŠุฑูˆุง even
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:19:21,110 --> 00:19:24,210
799
+ permutation ุจุตูŠุฑูˆุง even permutation ุงูˆ odd
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:19:24,210 --> 00:19:29,520
803
+ permutation ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชูู‚ ู…ุน ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ a n ูŠุณูˆู‰
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:19:29,520 --> 00:19:33,440
807
+ n factorial ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู‚ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุงุณุชุงุฐ ู…ุญู…ูˆุฏ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:19:33,440 --> 00:19:39,480
811
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุจุชุฏุนูŠ ุงู† ูุงูŠ is one to one ู…ุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:19:39,480 --> 00:19:47,180
815
+ ุจุฏุฃุช ุงุฎุฐ ุตูˆุฑุชูŠู† ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุชูŠู† assume that ุงู† ููŠ of
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:19:47,180 --> 00:19:53,130
819
+ alpha one ูŠุณูˆู‰ ููŠ of alpha two ุงุฐุง ู‚ู„ุช ุงุซุจุช ุงู† ุงู„ูุง
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:19:53,130 --> 00:19:58,430
823
+ ูˆุงู† ูŠุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ูุง ุชูˆ ุจุชู… ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:19:58,430 --> 00:20:05,910
827
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู† ุงู„ูุง ูˆุงู† ุจูŠุชุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ูุง ุชูˆ ุจูŠุชุง ุจุงู„
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:20:05,910 --> 00:20:10,170
831
+ right cancellation law ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู† ูŠุนุทูŠูƒ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:20:10,170 --> 00:20:17,270
835
+ ุงู† ุงู„ูุง ูˆุงู† ูŠุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ูุง ุชูˆ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูุงูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชูˆ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:20:17,270 --> 00:20:26,390
839
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุซุจุช ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู€ fi is onto ูŠูุฌุฑ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุงุฎุฏ let
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:20:26,390 --> 00:20:33,030
843
+ ู‡ู‡ ุจุฏูŠุด ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุจูŠ ุชุจุฏู‰ ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุฌุงู…ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:20:33,030 --> 00:20:39,330
847
+ ุงู„ุงุณ ุงู† ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุฎุฏุช element ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:20:39,330 --> 00:20:44,110
851
+ code domain ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ function ูˆุจุฏูŠ ุงุซุจุช ุงู†ู‡ ู„ู‡ ุงุตู„
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:20:44,110 --> 00:20:46,890
855
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ domain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง then
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:20:50,300 --> 00:20:56,780
859
+ ุงู„ู€ gamma is odd ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุงู†ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:20:56,780 --> 00:21:02,120
863
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ set of all odd permutation implies that ู…ู…ูƒู†
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:21:02,120 --> 00:21:10,190
867
+ ุงูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ alpha beta ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:21:10,190 --> 00:21:15,470
871
+ even ููŠ ู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูŠู† ู‚ุฏ ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:21:15,470 --> 00:21:20,310
875
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูˆู„ุง ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุงุฌุงุจุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‚ุฏ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:21:20,310 --> 00:21:26,830
879
+ ู‚ุฏ ูุนู„ุง ุทุจ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู€ definition ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ู…ูŠู† ูุงูŠ of
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:21:26,830 --> 00:21:31,610
883
+ alpha ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฌุงู…ุง ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ code main ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุตู„
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:21:31,610 --> 00:21:35,990
887
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ domain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ alpha ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูุงูŠ is
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:21:35,990 --> 00:21:44,150
891
+ onto ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ูุงูŠ is one to one
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:21:44,150 --> 00:21:50,430
895
+ and onto ู…ุฏุงู… one to one and one to hada ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:21:50,430 --> 00:21:57,530
899
+ ุงู† ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€ AN ุจุฏู‡ ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€ SN ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:21:57,530 --> 00:22:09,610
903
+ AM ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ half of the elements of
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:22:09,610 --> 00:22:18,670
907
+ SN is even ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุตู‡ู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู† even ู…ุซู„ ู…ุง ุทู„ุจ ููŠ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:22:18,670 --> 00:22:31,410
911
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุทูŠุจ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:22:31,410 --> 00:22:39,930
915
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุณุคุงู„ ุชุณุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุนุฏ ุชุณุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุงู†ุง ุณุคุงู„
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:22:39,930 --> 00:22:45,530
919
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ุงุฆุชูŠู† alpha ูˆ beta ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ Sn ูˆ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:22:45,530 --> 00:22:49,490
923
+ ุงุซุจุช ุงู† ุงู„ู€ alpha inverse beta inverse alpha beta
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:22:49,490 --> 00:22:55,890
927
+ even permutation ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ุงู† ุณุคุงู„ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:22:55,890 --> 00:23:03,130
931
+ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠ alpha ูˆ beta ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Sn ุงุซุจุช ุงู†ู‡
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:23:03,830 --> 00:23:11,190
935
+ Alpha inverse Beta inverse Alpha Beta is even
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:23:11,190 --> 00:23:12,350
939
+ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูˆุงุจุฏุง
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:23:26,840 --> 00:23:29,940
943
+ ู…ุญุทู„ูŠุด ู…ูŠูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ alpha ูˆ beta ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุฅู„ุง
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:23:29,940 --> 00:23:34,240
947
+ permutation ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Sn ู‡ู„ even ูˆ odd ุฎุฏ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:23:34,240 --> 00:23:39,820
951
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุซู„ุงุซ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:23:39,820 --> 00:23:44,060
955
+ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ ุงู† alpha ูˆ beta ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† even
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:23:44,060 --> 00:23:48,800
959
+ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู† alpha ูˆ beta ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† odd
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:23:48,800 --> 00:23:54,450
963
+ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ odd ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ even ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุฏู‡
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:23:54,450 --> 00:23:58,290
967
+ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุซุจุช ู„ู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุญุตู„ ุถุฑุจุฉ ุฏู‡ ุงูˆ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:23:58,290 --> 00:24:02,810
971
+ ุญุตู„ composition ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงุฑุจุน permutation even
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:24:02,810 --> 00:24:09,990
975
+ ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงุฎุฏู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ู‰ if alpha
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:24:09,990 --> 00:24:19,150
979
+ and beta are even then ุงู„ู€ alpha inverse beta
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:24:19,150 --> 00:24:26,090
983
+ inverse alpha beta ุชูˆุง ู‚ุจู„ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุงุซุจุชู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:24:26,090 --> 00:24:29,990
987
+ ุงู„ู€ alpha even ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณุฉ even ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ alpha
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:24:29,990 --> 00:24:36,030
991
+ odd ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณุฉ odd ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ู‰ even
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:24:36,030 --> 00:24:43,350
995
+ ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ even ูˆุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ even ูˆุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ even ูŠุจู‚ู‰
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:24:43,350 --> 00:24:50,310
999
+ ู†ุงุชุฌ ุฌุฏุงุด ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† even ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงูˆ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:24:50,310 --> 00:24:55,900
1003
+ ุงู„ composition ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… even ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:24:55,900 --> 00:25:05,880
1007
+ ุงู„ alpha and ุงู„ beta are both odd ุชู…ุงู… then ุงูŠุด
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:25:05,880 --> 00:25:11,000
1011
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุญุตู„ ุงู„ alpha inverse beta inverse alpha
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:25:11,000 --> 00:25:16,640
1015
+ beta ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† odd ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:25:16,640 --> 00:25:24,380
1019
+ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุชุจุนู‡ู… odd ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ odd ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ odd
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:25:24,380 --> 00:25:32,200
1023
+ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ odd ูˆุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ odd ู„ูƒู† odd ุฒุงุฆุฏ odd ุงูŠุด
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:25:32,200 --> 00:25:38,500
1027
+ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุงุŸ even ูˆ odd ุฒุงุฆุฏ odd ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุงุŸ ูˆ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:25:38,500 --> 00:25:42,440
1031
+ even ุฒุงุฆุฏ even ุงูŠุด ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุงุŸ even ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:25:42,440 --> 00:25:46,360
1035
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠู† ุณูˆุงุก ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† odd ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† even ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:25:46,360 --> 00:25:54,050
1039
+ even ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ alpha
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:25:54,050 --> 00:26:03,330
1043
+ is odd and beta is even then ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ alpha
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:26:03,330 --> 00:26:09,370
1047
+ inverse beta inverse alpha beta ุงู„ุงู† alpha odd
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:26:09,370 --> 00:26:18,080
1051
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณุฉ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ odd ุงู„ุงู† beta even ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณุฉ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:26:18,080 --> 00:26:25,140
1055
+ even alpha ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง odd ูˆ beta even ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:26:25,140 --> 00:26:31,420
1059
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุทู„ุนู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุถ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงุฏ ุดูˆ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง even
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:26:31,420 --> 00:26:40,520
1063
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ even ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุฒุงุฆุฏ even ุฒุงุฆุฏ even ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู„ ูˆุด
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:26:40,520 --> 00:26:45,880
1067
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู„ูƒ even ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู†ุฉ ูุฅู† ุงู„
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:26:45,880 --> 00:26:50,260
1071
+ composition ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ permutations ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูˆ ุฃุจุฏุง
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:26:50,260 --> 00:26:57,680
1075
+ even ู‡ูŠ permutation ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุณ ุงู„ alpha inverse
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:26:57,680 --> 00:27:04,400
1079
+ beta inverse alpha beta is even ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ alpha ูˆ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:27:04,400 --> 00:27:10,300
1083
+ beta ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ sn ุจู„ุง ุงุณุชุซู†ุงุก
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:27:34,070 --> 00:27:39,810
1087
+ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุณุคุงู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ุณุคุงู„
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:27:39,810 --> 00:27:44,810
1091
+ ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุงุซุจุช ุงู† ุงู„ cycle ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:27:44,810 --> 00:27:51,290
1095
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ is not the product of three cycle ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:27:51,290 --> 00:28:00,270
1099
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† show that ุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:28:00,270 --> 00:28:10,170
1103
+ is not is a product of three cycles ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ุด
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:28:10,170 --> 00:28:17,990
1107
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุญุตู„ ุฃุจุฏุง ุทูŠุจ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ู†ุดูˆู ุตุญุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ุงู†
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:28:17,990 --> 00:28:24,030
1111
+ ุงู„ permutation ู‡ุงุฏูŠ even ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ odd ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ odd
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:28:24,030 --> 00:28:30,530
1115
+ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ุชุด ุนู† ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ุง ูŠุณุจุจ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:28:30,530 --> 00:28:36,710
1119
+ ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ cycle ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ุช ุงูƒู…ุชูˆุง cycle
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:28:36,710 --> 00:28:43,310
1123
+ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ odd ูุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:28:43,310 --> 00:28:50,950
1127
+ solution ูŠุจู‚ู‰ the cycle ุงูˆ the permutation
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:28:50,950 --> 00:28:54,470
1131
+ permutation
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:28:54,470 --> 00:29:02,430
1135
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ is odd ุฃุฏ ู„ูŠุดุŸ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:29:02,430 --> 00:29:10,470
1139
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ transpositions ู‡ูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:29:10,470 --> 00:29:15,570
1143
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุฏ ุจุฏูŠ
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:29:15,570 --> 00:29:23,310
1147
+ ุงูุชุฑุถ ุฌุฏู„ุง ุงู† ุฌุฏุฑุช ุงูƒุชุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ cycle ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:29:23,310 --> 00:29:27,730
1151
+ ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ู…ุง ุงูƒุชุจ ุงู„ cycle ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:29:27,730 --> 00:29:32,150
1155
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ even ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงุฏูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ูุนู„ permutation ุชูƒูˆู†
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:29:32,150 --> 00:29:37,530
1159
+ even ูˆ odd ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ููŠู‡ ุดุบู„ ุบู„ุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุฑุถุชู‡ ุฃู†ุง
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:29:37,530 --> 00:29:42,110
1163
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุบู„ุท ูˆ ุนูƒุณู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุตุญ ุฅุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุงู„
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:29:42,110 --> 00:29:46,630
1167
+ permutation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ three cycle ูˆู…ุงู‚ู„ุด
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:29:46,630 --> 00:29:51,030
1171
+ three cycle ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ product ูˆูŠู† ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ product of
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:29:51,030 --> 00:29:57,000
1175
+ three cycles ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูุชุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ุขู†ุงู† ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:29:57,000 --> 00:30:02,160
1179
+ product of three cycles ูˆุดูˆู ู‡ุฐุง ูุฑุถูŠ ุจูˆุตู„ู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‰
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:30:02,160 --> 00:30:06,980
1183
+ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ู‰ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุงุฐุง ูˆุตู„ู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‰
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:30:06,980 --> 00:30:12,260
1187
+ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุดุบู„ ุตุญ ูˆุตู„ู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:30:12,260 --> 00:30:17,060
1191
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ูุฑุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ูุฑุถุชู‡ ุฎุทุฃ ูˆุนูƒุณู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุตุญ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:30:17,060 --> 00:30:19,920
1195
+ ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฑูˆุญ ุงู‚ูˆู„ assume
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:30:22,800 --> 00:30:32,800
1199
+ ุฅู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ is a product of three
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:30:32,800 --> 00:30:41,400
1203
+ cycles that is I N ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุฏูŠ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:30:41,400 --> 00:30:51,420
1207
+ ุฃูƒุชุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ABC ููŠ DEF ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ูŠ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:30:51,420 --> 00:30:59,900
1211
+ product of three cycles then ุงู„ุงู†
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:30:59,900 --> 00:31:09,060
1215
+ ุงู„ a,b,c ููŠ d,e,f ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุงูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:31:09,060 --> 00:31:17,800
1219
+ transposition ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง a,c ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง a,b ูˆ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:31:17,800 --> 00:31:26,210
1223
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ d,f ูˆุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุฏูŠ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ูƒุฏู‡ ุนุฏุฏู‡ู…ุŸ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:31:26,210 --> 00:31:32,930
1227
+ even ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ even permutation
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:31:32,930 --> 00:31:41,070
1231
+ ุงูŠุด
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:31:41,070 --> 00:31:45,090
1235
+ ุฑุฃูŠูƒุŸ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู„ุชู†ุงู‚ุถ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ ู…ุด ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:31:45,090 --> 00:31:51,130
1239
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู‚ุฏู„ู…ุง ูƒุชุจุช ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ three ุงู„ cycle ุตุงุฑุช ุงูŠุดุŸ
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:31:51,130 --> 00:31:56,810
1243
+ ุตุงุฑุช even ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ even ุชุณู…ุญ ู„ู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:31:56,810 --> 00:32:02,510
1247
+ contradiction ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุชู†ุงู‚ุถ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ูุฑุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:32:02,510 --> 00:32:10,250
1251
+ ูุฑุถุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ุบู„ุทุŸ ุบู„ุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง so ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:32:10,250 --> 00:32:24,680
1255
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุน ูƒุงู†ุช ุจ written as a product of three
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:32:24,680 --> 00:32:31,250
1259
+ cycles ุทูŠุจ ูŠุฌูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุงู†ูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู†ุช ุฎุฏุชูŠู† ุชุงู†ู‰ ุทุจ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:32:31,250 --> 00:32:34,690
1263
+ ุงู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุญุท ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุงู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุญุท ู…ุด ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุญุท
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:32:34,690 --> 00:32:37,990
1267
+ ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงูˆ ุณุงุฏุฉ ุงูˆ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ุง
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:32:37,990 --> 00:32:41,230
1271
+ ุชุญุทู„ูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ three cycle ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุนุฏุฏู‡ู… ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:32:41,230 --> 00:32:46,530
1275
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชุฌูŠุจู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด two transposition ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู‚ุฏุงุดุŸ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:32:46,530 --> 00:32:50,910
1279
+ ุณุชุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ even ู„ูˆ ุงุฎุฏุชูŠู† ุชุงู†ู‰ ู…ุด ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชุฌูŠุจู„ูƒ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:32:50,910 --> 00:32:55,650
1283
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ even ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูŠุด ู…ุง ุชุญุท ููŠ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:32:55,650 --> 00:33:00,070
1287
+ three cycles ุจุชุทู„ุน even ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:33:00,070 --> 00:33:05,570
1291
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูˆ ุฃุจุฏุง ู„ุง
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:33:05,570 --> 00:33:13,670
1295
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ูƒุชุงุจุช ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ product of three cycles ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:33:13,670 --> 00:33:19,870
1299
+ ูƒุงู† ุณุคุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฌุงู„ูŠ beta ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:33:19,870 --> 00:33:28,970
1303
+ ููŠ S7 ุฌุงู„ูŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุดุฑูŠู† Beta ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฃุณ ุณุจุนุฉ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:33:28,970 --> 00:33:37,730
1307
+ ูˆุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฌุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ Beta ุฃุณ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ Beta ุฃุณ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:33:37,730 --> 00:33:41,990
1311
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู„ูŠู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:33:41,990 --> 00:33:50,630
1315
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุฌุงู„ูŠ find Beta
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:33:53,520 --> 00:33:58,940
1319
+ ุจูŠุชุง ุจุฏู‡ ุงุนุฑู ุงู„ุจูŠุชุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุดูƒู„
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:33:58,940 --> 00:34:06,020
1323
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงูˆ ู‚ุฏุงุด ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:34:06,020 --> 00:34:09,720
1327
+ ุจูŠุชุง ุนู„ู… ุงู† ุจูŠุชุง ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:34:09,720 --> 00:34:16,480
1331
+ ุญุฏ ููŠูƒ ูˆุญู„ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงุญู„ูŠุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ุงุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:34:16,480 --> 00:34:20,940
1335
+ ุดูˆู ู…ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุฑุจูŠุญู‡ุง ุงู„ CBS ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุนู†ุฏ ุงู„
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:34:20,940 --> 00:34:28,640
1339
+ order ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุณุจุนุฉ ุฃุดุนุฑ ููƒ ุฃู† ุงู„ order ู„ู„ ุจูŠุณู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:34:28,640 --> 00:34:36,700
1343
+ element ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ ุณุจุนุฉ ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ ุณุจุนุฉ ู‡ูŠ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:34:36,700 --> 00:34:42,300
1347
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุฃู†ุง ู…ูˆุงูู‚ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:34:42,300 --> 00:34:45,020
1351
+ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู„ ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุณุจุนุฉ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:34:50,030 --> 00:34:53,610
1355
+ ุฃู†ุง ู…ู†ุงูู‚ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุณุจุนุฉ ุจุณ ูƒูŠู ุฌูŠุจุชู‡ุง ุจูƒ ุชุซุจุชู‡ุง ู…ุด
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:34:53,610 --> 00:34:58,210
1359
+ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ูˆุงุฎ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุบูŠุฑ ุงู†ู‡ ุทู„ุนุช ุณุจุนุฉ ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ุตุญ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:34:58,210 --> 00:35:03,410
1363
+ ุจุณ ูƒูŠู ู†ุซุจุชู‡ุง ุจุชุซุจุช ุงู† ุงู„ order ู„ beta ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุจุนุฉ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:35:03,410 --> 00:35:09,470
1367
+ ุญุชู‰ ูŠุทู„ุน ูƒู„ุงู…ูƒ ุตุญูŠุญ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ู‡ุฐูŠ beta ุฃูุณ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:35:09,470 --> 00:35:13,730
1371
+ order ู„ู‡ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ู„ูŠุด ุงู† ู‡ุงูŠ ู‡ุงู„ cycle
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:35:13,730 --> 00:35:19,260
1375
+ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ูƒู„ู‡ู… are disjoint elements ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:35:19,260 --> 00:35:23,860
1379
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ permutation ุงูˆ cycle ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆุงู„
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:35:23,860 --> 00:35:27,960
1383
+ order ุงู„ู‡ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุตุญูŠุญ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:35:27,960 --> 00:35:32,520
1387
+ order ู„ beta ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏ ุงู„ order ู„
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:35:32,520 --> 00:35:37,340
1391
+ beta ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงุฐุง ุฌุจุช ุงู„ order ู„ beta ุตุงุฑุช ู‚ุตุชู†ุง
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:35:37,340 --> 00:35:44,670
1395
+ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ุทูŠุจ ู†ุฑุฌุน ู‡ู†ุงู†ุฑุฌุน ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:35:44,670 --> 00:35:49,370
1399
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒุชุจูŠู†ู‡ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุงุณุฃู„ูƒูˆุง ุณุคุงู„ ู„ุณุชุงุฐ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:35:49,370 --> 00:35:55,050
1403
+ ู…ุญู…ูˆุฏ ุญุณุจู„ูƒูˆุง ุฌุฏุงุด ุงู„ order .. ุงูŠ ุฌุฏุงุด ุงู„ order ู„ู„
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:35:55,050 --> 00:36:01,110
1407
+ elements ู„ู„ S7 ุฌุฏุงุด
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:36:01,110 --> 00:36:05,170
1411
+ ุงู„ orders ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู†ุฉ ู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ S7
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:36:07,770 --> 00:36:11,930
1415
+ ุฌุฏูŠุดุŸ ู…ุด ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุจุชูƒู„ู…ุด ุนู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑุŒ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:36:11,930 --> 00:36:14,530
1419
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ูƒู„ู‡ ุนุงุฑู ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ูู‚ู‡ ุณุจุนุฉ factorial
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:36:14,530 --> 00:36:22,130
1423
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ order ู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู„ group ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉุŒ ุฌูŠุด ุงู„ orders
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:36:22,130 --> 00:36:30,150
1427
+ ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู†ุฉุŸ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุจุณุŒ ู…ุฒูŠุฏุด ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ูŠูƒุŸ ุทุจ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:36:30,150 --> 00:36:34,750
1431
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุดุงู† ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ order ู„ cycles ูƒูŠู ุจุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ order
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:36:34,750 --> 00:36:40,290
1435
+ ู„cycles ู…ุถุฑุจุงุช ููŠ ุจุนุถุŸ two cycles ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:36:40,290 --> 00:36:44,610
1439
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆู…ูˆุงูู‚ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุฏูˆุณ ุฌูˆูŠู†ุช
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:36:44,610 --> 00:36:48,150
1443
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุฏูˆุณ ุฌูˆูŠู†ุช ุงู„ least common
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:36:48,150 --> 00:36:53,810
1447
+ multiple ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ุฌุฏุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ cycle ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูุงู„
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:36:53,810 --> 00:36:58,770
1451
+ order ู„ู‡ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† are
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:36:58,770 --> 00:37:02,630
1455
+ disjoint ุจุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ least common multiple ู„ู„ุฅุชู†ูŠู†
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:37:02,630 --> 00:37:06,590
1459
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ order ู„ู„ permutation ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:37:06,590 --> 00:37:10,410
1463
+ ูˆุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ are disjoint ุจุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ is common multiple
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:37:10,410 --> 00:37:15,290
1467
+ ู„ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ู… ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:37:15,290 --> 00:37:20,630
1471
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ orders ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู†ุฉ ู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ู‡ุฐุง
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:37:20,630 --> 00:37:25,030
1475
+ ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ู„ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุนุฑูู‡ู… ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุซุงู„ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:37:25,030 --> 00:37:29,770
1479
+ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุช๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ู…ุญู…ูˆุฏ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุดุฑุญู‡
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:37:29,770 --> 00:37:37,080
1483
+ ู…ุงุฆุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ ุฃู‡ ู…ูŠู† ู…ุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ orders ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุบุดุดูƒ ููŠ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:37:37,080 --> 00:37:42,160
1487
+ ุตูุญุฉ ู‚ุฏุงุด ูƒู…ุงู† ูŠุง ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูƒ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:37:42,160 --> 00:37:49,080
1491
+ ุชูุตูŠู„ูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ูŠุง ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:37:49,080 --> 00:37:58,080
1495
+ ุตูุญุฉ 102 ูˆ 103 example 4 ุตูุญุฉ 102 ูˆ 103 ุฃูƒูŠุฏ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:37:58,080 --> 00:38:00,500
1499
+ ุดุฑุญู„ูƒูˆุง ุชูุตูŠู„ูŠุง
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:38:02,040 --> 00:38:07,740
1503
+ ุฃูŠ ู†ุนู… ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู†ุงู‚ุด ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุงุทู„ุน ู„ูŠ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:38:07,740 --> 00:38:12,180
1507
+ ููŠ ุณุคุงู„ ุณุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:38:12,180 --> 00:38:15,520
1511
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ what are the possible orders of the
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:38:15,520 --> 00:38:22,420
1515
+ elements of A6 ูˆA6 ูˆ what about A7 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฅุฐุง
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:38:22,420 --> 00:38:26,340
1519
+ ู…ุง ุงู†ุดุฑุญ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠ ุงู†ุญู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุจุณ ุฃู†ุช ู…ุด
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:38:26,340 --> 00:38:29,850
1523
+ ู‚ุงุฑูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ู…ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุทุจ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:38:29,850 --> 00:38:34,810
1527
+ ุชุฑูˆุญ ุชุฑุงุฌุน ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ูˆ ุงู„ orders ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:38:34,810 --> 00:38:42,250
1531
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจุณ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุขู†
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:38:42,250 --> 00:38:47,390
1535
+ the solution the
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:38:47,390 --> 00:38:52,650
1539
+ possible orders
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:38:52,650 --> 00:39:04,140
1543
+ the possible orders of the elements of
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:39:04,140 --> 00:39:11,540
1547
+ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ are ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:39:11,540 --> 00:39:18,460
1551
+ ูˆุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณุชุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:39:18,460 --> 00:39:24,000
1555
+ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุนุดุงู‚ ู†ุนูˆุฏ ู„ู‡ู… ุจุนุฏ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุนูˆุฏ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:39:24,000 --> 00:39:30,080
1559
+ ู„ุตุงุญุจุชู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ order ู„ beta 4
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:39:30,080 --> 00:39:38,020
1563
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง ูƒู… ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง ุณุจุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุณุจุนุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู†
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:39:38,020 --> 00:39:43,140
1567
+ beta ุฃุณ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุณ ุณุจุนุฉ ุณุชุนุทูŠ ุงู„ identity
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:39:43,140 --> 00:39:51,110
1571
+ permutation ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู† ุจูŠุชุง ุฃุณ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจุฏู‡
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:39:51,110 --> 00:39:57,590
1575
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ order ุชุจุน
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:39:57,590 --> 00:40:04,790
1579
+ ุจูŠุชุง ุจุงู„ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู† ูŠุฌูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ุฌุฏุง ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:40:04,790 --> 00:40:11,450
1583
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ order ู„ุจูŠุชุง divide ุงู„ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:40:11,450 --> 00:40:19,360
1587
+ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุทูŠุจ ูƒู„ ุงู„ possible orders ู‡ุงูŠ ู‡ู… ู‚ุฏุงู…ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:40:19,360 --> 00:40:25,720
1591
+ ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุฃุฏูˆุฑ ู…ูŠู† ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ 28 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:40:25,720 --> 00:40:31,540
1595
+ saw the possible orders
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:40:31,540 --> 00:40:42,300
1599
+ of beta R ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ 28 ูˆุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ 28
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:40:42,300 --> 00:40:50,880
1603
+ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ 28 ูˆุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ 28 ููŠ ุบูŠุฑู‡ู…
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:40:50,880 --> 00:40:56,240
1607
+ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ 14 ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ุงู„ู€ 14 ู…ุด ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ุง ููŠุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:40:56,240 --> 00:41:01,140
1611
+ permutation ููŠ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุงู„ order ุฅู„ู‰ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 14 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:41:01,140 --> 00:41:06,780
1615
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุขุฎุฐ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ุณู… ู„ู„ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู†
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:41:06,780 --> 00:41:12,040
1619
+ ุทู„ุนุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ุฅุฐุง ุงุณุชุจุนุฏุช ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:41:12,040 --> 00:41:17,120
1623
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ order ู„ beta ู‡ูˆ ุณุจุนุฉ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฏูŠ ุฃุฎ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:41:17,120 --> 00:41:23,780
1627
+ ุงู„ุนุฑุงู† ุดูˆ ุงุณู…ูƒ ุฃู†ุชุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุจุนูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุจุนูˆุฏุฉ
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:41:23,780 --> 00:41:29,380
1631
+ ุฎู„ุงู†ุง ู†ุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู…ู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูˆุตู„
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:41:29,380 --> 00:41:32,840
1635
+ ู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ order ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุฅู†ูŠ ุจุตู…ุชู‡
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:41:32,840 --> 00:41:36,580
1639
+ ุจุณ ุณุฃู„ู†ุง ูƒูŠู ู‚ุงู„ ุฎุจุทู‡ุง ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุง ููŠุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠุณู…ุน
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:41:36,580 --> 00:41:41,880
1643
+ ุฎุจุทู‡ุง ู…ุง ุชุด ุชุดุชุบู„ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠ ุณู„ูŠู… ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ุขู† ุจุงุฌูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:41:41,880 --> 00:41:48,780
1647
+ if ุงู„ order ู„ beta ูƒุงู† ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูˆู„ุง
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:41:48,780 --> 00:41:54,700
1651
+ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุจูŠุชุง ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:41:54,700 --> 00:42:00,980
1655
+ ุจุฏู„ูŠู„ ุฃู† ุจูŠุชุง ุฃุณ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ูƒุงู†ุช ุจูŠุชุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:42:00,980 --> 00:42:04,280
1659
+ ุงู„ identity ู„ูŠู‡ ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุชุง ุฃุณ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:42:04,280 --> 00:42:11,480
1663
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ order ู„ุจูŠุชุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ impossible ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:42:11,480 --> 00:42:19,500
1667
+ ุงู„ุณุจุจ because ุฃู† ุจูŠุชุง ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:42:19,500 --> 00:42:24,460
1671
+ permutation ู„ุฃู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ beta ุจุงู„ identity ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:42:24,460 --> 00:42:28,640
1675
+ beta ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุงู„ identity ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุณุชุจุนุฏ ุชู…ุงู…ุง
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:42:28,640 --> 00:42:41,880
1679
+ ุทูŠุจ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏูƒ
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:42:41,880 --> 00:42:48,750
1683
+ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ order ู„ beta ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:42:48,750 --> 00:42:57,190
1687
+ ุงุณู…ุน ูŠุง ุฑุงุฌู„ then ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ beta ุฃุณ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:42:57,190 --> 00:43:01,870
1691
+ ุงู„ identity ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ุงู… ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃู† beta ุฃุณ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:43:01,870 --> 00:43:14,310
1695
+ ู‡ูŠู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง this is impossible ู„ูŠุด because ุฅู† ุงู„ู€
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:43:14,310 --> 00:43:20,890
1699
+ beta ุฃุณ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ุงู„ identity ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุฑุงุญุช
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:43:20,890 --> 00:43:26,790
1703
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:43:26,790 --> 00:43:32,550
1707
+ ุณุชุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุณุชุนุฌู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:43:32,550 --> 00:43:40,430
1711
+ ู‡ูˆ F ุจุชุง ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู… ุจุชุง ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจุฏู‡
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:43:40,430 --> 00:43:43,690
1715
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู… ุจุชุง ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู… ุจุชุง
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:43:43,690 --> 00:43:51,930
1719
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู… ุจุชุง ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:43:52,550 --> 00:43:58,650
1723
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุณุคุงู„ order ู„ beta ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ ุณุจุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุณุคุงู„ order ู„
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:43:58,650 --> 00:44:03,850
1727
+ beta ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ beta ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุจุฏู‡
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:44:03,850 --> 00:44:10,310
1731
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ identity element ุทุจ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ beta ุจู‚ุฏุฑ
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:44:10,310 --> 00:44:17,790
1735
+ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุฃูˆ ุฃุฎู„ูŠูƒ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง betaุŸ ูƒูŠูุŸ ูˆุงุถุฑุจ ููŠ Beta ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:44:17,790 --> 00:44:24,470
1739
+ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช ููŠ Beta ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ Beta ุฃุณ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Beta
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:44:24,470 --> 00:44:32,150
1743
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตุงุฑุช Beta ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ Beta ุฃุณ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ Beta ุฃุณ
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:44:32,150 --> 00:44:38,160
1747
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู„ูŠู‡ Beta ุฃุณ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉุŸ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู† ุจูŠุชุง
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:44:38,160 --> 00:44:43,000
1751
+ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุจูŠุชุง ุฃุณ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฌุงู‡ุฒุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:44:43,000 --> 00:44:49,940
1755
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:44:49,940 --> 00:44:59,690
1759
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตูˆุฑุฉ beta ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:44:59,690 --> 00:45:03,890
1763
+ ุตูˆุฑุฉ
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:45:03,890 --> 00:45:14,650
1767
+ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:45:14,650 --> 00:45:15,290
1771
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:45:15,290 --> 00:45:20,350
1775
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ุขู† ูˆุตู„ุชูŠ ู„ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:45:20,350 --> 00:45:26,070
1779
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุง ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ูŠู† ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:45:26,070 --> 00:45:31,130
1783
+ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุง ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุง ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:45:31,130 --> 00:45:36,270
1787
+ ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:45:36,270 --> 00:45:41,830
1791
+ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุง ุณุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุง
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:45:41,830 --> 00:45:46,770
1795
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฌูู„ุช ุทุจ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ูˆ
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:45:46,770 --> 00:45:51,070
1799
+ ู„ุง ุถุงูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:45:51,070 --> 00:45:55,390
1803
+ ุณุจุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ cycle ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ beta
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:45:55,390 --> 00:46:01,110
1807
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠ ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌ ุดู…ุงู„
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:46:01,110 --> 00:46:06,950
1811
+ ูˆู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุดุบู„ุฉ ุถุนูŠูุฉ ุฃูˆ ุดุบู„ุฉ ุบู„ุทุฉ
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:46:06,950 --> 00:46:11,670
1815
+ ุจุณ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุณุจุนุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุญุฃุญุท ู„ูƒ ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุชูู‡ู… ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:46:11,670 --> 00:46:16,210
1819
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ูŠุฌูŠู„ูƒ ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ why ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒูŠู ู†ุฒู„ุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู…ุงุก ุงู„
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:46:16,210 --> 00:46:20,550
1823
+ order ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ู„ุฃ ู‡ูˆ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูŠ ุงู„ order ู„ beta
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:46:20,550 --> 00:46:23,470
1827
+ ุฃุณ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ order ู„ beta ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:46:23,470 --> 00:46:24,670
1831
+ ุณุจุนุฉ ู‡ูˆ ูƒู„ุงู… ุบู„ุท
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:46:28,000 --> 00:46:34,400
1835
+ ุทูŠุจุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุณุคุงู„ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ุณุคุงู„
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:46:34,400 --> 00:46:39,100
1839
+ ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ูˆู…ุง ุฃุฏุฑูƒ ู…ุง ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ุง ูŠุง ุฃุฎูˆูŠุง
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:46:39,100 --> 00:46:44,480
1843
+ ุนุฏูˆุงุŒ ูˆุดูˆููˆุง ูƒูŠู ุญู„ุชูˆุง ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:46:46,720 --> 00:46:51,700
1847
+ ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงุฌุงู„ูŠ find the element sigma
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:46:51,700 --> 00:46:58,660
1851
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ S ุชุณุนุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง sigma ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ S
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:46:58,660 --> 00:47:09,260
1855
+ ุชุณุนุฉ such that ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ sigma ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:47:09,260 --> 00:47:16,230
1859
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:47:16,230 --> 00:47:23,770
1863
+ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุชุณุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุชุณุนุฉ
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:47:27,170 --> 00:47:32,670
1867
+ ุขู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง sigma ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงุณ ุชุณุนุฉ ุจุญูŠุซ sigma
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:47:32,670 --> 00:47:39,390
1871
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ู‚ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุช ู„ูŠ ุซู„ุงุซ ุณูŠุฌู…ุงุช ุจุญูŠุซ
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:47:39,390 --> 00:47:45,890
1875
+ ูŠุนุทูˆู†ุง ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ ุงู„ุณูŠุฌู…ุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆ ุงู†ููŠ S9
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:47:45,890 --> 00:47:55,210
1879
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ permutations ู…ู† S9 ู„ูˆ ู„ูˆ ูƒุนุจุช
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:47:55,210 --> 00:48:00,250
1883
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ู… ุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ู„ three cycles ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:48:00,250 --> 00:48:05,910
1887
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐูˆู† ุฎู„ุต
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:48:05,910 --> 00:48:12,410
1891
+ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุทูŠุจ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุทูŠูƒ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู„ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุธู‡ุฑ ุชุฌูŠุจ ู„ูŠ ูƒู…ุงู†
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:48:12,410 --> 00:48:16,980
1895
+ ุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุขุฎุฐู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:48:16,980 --> 00:48:24,180
1899
+ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุขุฎุฐ ู‡ูŠ sigma one sigma one ุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูŠ
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:48:24,180 --> 00:48:29,400
1903
+ ุขุฎุฐู‡ุง ุทู„ุน ู…ุนูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฌูˆุณ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู†ุง
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:48:29,400 --> 00:48:36,680
1907
+ ูˆุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุฑู‚ู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฃุฑุจุน
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:48:36,680 --> 00:48:45,290
1911
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุณุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:48:45,290 --> 00:48:54,490
1915
+ ุชุณุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุทูŠุจ ุณูŠุฌู…ุง ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:48:54,490 --> 00:48:59,830
1919
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠุจู‡ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุซุงุจุช ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:48:59,830 --> 00:49:05,090
1923
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจุฏู„ุช ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุซุงุจุช ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:49:05,090 --> 00:49:10,810
1927
+ ุณุชุฉ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ุซุงุจุช ุชุณุนุฉ
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:49:10,810 --> 00:49:18,410
1931
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุชุฃุฎุฐ ู„ูƒ ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุณูŠุฌู…ุง ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุจุฌูŠุจ ู„ูƒ ุณุชุฉ ู…ุด
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:49:18,410 --> 00:49:23,830
1935
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุจุฌูŠุจ ู„ูƒ ุฌุฏ ุจุจุฏุฃูƒ ู…ุฑุชูŠู† ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ sigma ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:49:23,830 --> 00:49:28,710
1939
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฃุช ู‡ู†ุง ุจุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฏุฃ ุงุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:49:28,710 --> 00:49:35,530
1943
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุขู‡ ุขู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃุฑุจุน ุจุฏุฃ ุงุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุต ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:49:35,530 --> 00:49:41,110
1947
+ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏุฃ ุขุฎุฐ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุต ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:49:41,110 --> 00:49:47,050
1951
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุชุณุนุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุฃู†ุช ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุธู‡ุฑ ู…ุณูƒ ู„ูŠ
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:49:47,050 --> 00:49:52,450
1955
+ ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ู… ูˆ ุถุฑุจู‡ุง ููŠ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุซู„ุงุซ ู…ุฑุงุช ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:49:52,450 --> 00:49:55,330
1959
+ ุทู„ุน ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุฑุฌุนู†ูŠ
PL9fwy3NUQKwZKOpj354PRgwYPWWgxchnI/GcfT10Kln48_raw.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
PL9fwy3NUQKwZKOpj354PRgwYPWWgxchnI/GlbhZeGGWuY_raw.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
PL9fwy3NUQKwZKOpj354PRgwYPWWgxchnI/KpzIv297Rbw_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1664 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,400 --> 00:00:24,020
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุดุจุงุจ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:24,020 --> 00:00:28,240
7
+ ู‡ู†ููˆุช ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ูˆุงู†ู‡ุง cyclic groups
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:28,240 --> 00:00:31,580
11
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ุจุณ ู†ุฑุงุฌุน ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุนุฑูˆูุงุชู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุฑุณู†ุงู‡ุง
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:31,580 --> 00:00:35,300
15
+ ุณุงุจู‚ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ูˆุญุฏุฉ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:35,300 --> 00:00:42,900
19
+ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ..ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃูˆ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:42,900 --> 00:00:45,760
23
+ ุงู„ู…ู‚ูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุณู…ู‡ Alex ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงุดู‡ุฑู‡ุง
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:45,760 --> 00:00:50,540
27
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู… 1991 ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู„ูุธุฉ ุงู„ group ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ู‰
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:50,540 --> 00:00:54,080
31
+ ุตุงุฑุช ุฃู‡ู… ู…ู† ู„ูุธุฉ physics ูˆchemistry ูˆุญุชู‰
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:54,080 --> 00:00:57,900
35
+ mathematics itself ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:57,900 --> 00:01:02,820
39
+ chapter ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน or the cyclic groups ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:02,820 --> 00:01:06,680
43
+ .. ุนู†ุฏ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู‡ูˆุซ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ุฉ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:06,680 --> 00:01:08,540
47
+ classification ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠู
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:11,260 --> 00:01:15,680
51
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุจู†ุนุฑู ู‡ูŠูƒู„ ุฌุจุฑูŠ ุฃูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒู„ ุชุญู„ูŠู„ูŠ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:15,680 --> 00:01:20,040
55
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต ูˆุงู„ุดุฑูˆุท ุจู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุตู†ู
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:20,040 --> 00:01:25,960
59
+ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ุดุบู„ู†ุง ู…ูู‡ูˆู…
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:25,960 --> 00:01:35,620
63
+ ู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฒุงุฏ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฒุงุฏ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:35,620 --> 00:01:37,860
67
+ ุฃุฑุจุน ุดุฑูˆุท
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:40,810 --> 00:01:47,590
71
+ ู‡ู†ู„ุงุญุธ ููŠู‡ ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃูˆ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:47,590 --> 00:01:51,310
75
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุญู‚ู‚ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:51,310 --> 00:01:55,910
79
+ ุดุฑูˆุท ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง group ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถุŸ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:55,910 --> 00:02:04,430
83
+ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุกุŸ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ุตูˆุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู…ุŸ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:04,430 --> 00:02:09,040
87
+ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏุฃุช ุฃุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ groups ู„ุฌุฃุช
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:09,040 --> 00:02:14,740
91
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูุฑุตุฉ ุฃู†ูŠ ุฃุตู†ุน groups ุจุฃูŠ order ุจุฏูŠู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู†
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:14,740 --> 00:02:21,120
95
+ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุจ order 1,2,3,4,N ุงูˆ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ZN ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุชูƒู„ู…
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:21,120 --> 00:02:27,160
99
+ ุนู† ุงู„ groups ุงู„ order ุฅู„ู‰ infinity ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู‰ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:27,160 --> 00:02:32,370
103
+ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠู ุฃู†ูŠ ุฃุตู†ู ุงู„ group ุญุณุจ ุนุฏุฏ ุฃู†ุตุฑู‡ุงููŠ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:32,370 --> 00:02:38,010
107
+ ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุตู†ู ุงู„ group ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุจุชุญู‚ู‚
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:38,010 --> 00:02:44,430
111
+ ุดุฑุท ุฅุถุงููŠ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุฒูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ abelian ูˆ ุงู„ non
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:44,430 --> 00:02:52,430
115
+ abelian ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‚ุณู… ู„ groups ู„ุตู†ููŠู† ุตู†ู abelian
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:52,430 --> 00:02:58,030
119
+ ูˆ ุตู†ู non abelian ุงู„ abelian ู†ูุณู‡ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุตู†ู ููŠู‡
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:58,030 --> 00:03:05,360
123
+ ุฃูŠุถุงูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ abelian ุฃู†ุง ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠ ุฃู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู†ูˆุน
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:05,360 --> 00:03:14,640
127
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ R ู…ุน ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ูˆ ู†ูˆุน ุฒูŠ ุงู„ Z ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:14,640 --> 00:03:20,860
131
+ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุตู„ุง ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ..ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ Z
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:20,860 --> 00:03:27,790
135
+ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ Rู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ Z ู…ุน ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุจุชุญู‚ู‚
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:27,790 --> 00:03:35,050
139
+ ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงูƒุชุจู‡ู… ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู†
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:35,050 --> 00:03:40,330
143
+ ุนู†ุตุฑ ู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Z ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† power
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:40,330 --> 00:03:45,550
147
+ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ N ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูˆุงุญุฏ plus N ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ N
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:45,550 --> 00:03:51,670
151
+ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุฃู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ู‡ู†ุง ุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ููŠ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:51,670 --> 00:03:56,050
155
+ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฑุฉ ุฏู‡ ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุนู…ู„ู‡ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุชู†ุชูŠู† abelian
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:56,050 --> 00:04:02,450
159
+ ูุฃู†ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ุฃุตู†ู ุงู„ groups ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญู‚ู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุชุญุช
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:04:02,450 --> 00:04:06,830
163
+ ุฅุทุงุฑ ู…ุนูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ groups ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญู‚ู‚ุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุชุญุช
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:06,830 --> 00:04:12,630
167
+ ุฅุทุงุฑ ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ุฅุทุงุฑ ุชุจุน ุงู„ group z ูˆู…ุซู„ุงุชู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:12,630 --> 00:04:20,330
171
+ cyclic groups ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† abelian ู„ูƒู† ุฅูŠุด ู…ุงู„ู‡ุŸ ู…ุด
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:20,330 --> 00:04:26,350
175
+ cyclicู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Z ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฎู„ุชู‡ุง
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:26,350 --> 00:04:31,550
179
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ R ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุงู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ ุฎุทูŠุฉ ู…ู†
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:31,550 --> 00:04:36,230
183
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ุงู„ group ุนู„ุดุงู† ุชูƒูˆู† cyclic ู„ุงุฒู…
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:36,230 --> 00:04:40,990
187
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ ุฎุทูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุนู†ุตุฑ ู…ุนุงู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:40,990 --> 00:04:44,270
191
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ .. ุงูˆ ู…ุด
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:44,270 --> 00:04:48,490
195
+ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ ุฎุทูŠุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ power ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ู‡ุณู…ูŠู‡
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:48,490 --> 00:04:55,820
199
+ ู…ูˆู„ุฏ ุงูˆ generator ู„ู„ groupู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉุŒ ู„ูŠุด ุงุญู†ุง
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:55,820 --> 00:05:04,560
203
+ ุจู†ุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠูุŸ ุณุจุจูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:04,560 --> 00:05:08,740
207
+ ุฃุฏุฑุณ ู„ุงุญู‚ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ isomorphism ูˆ ุงู„ homomorphismุŒ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:08,740 --> 00:05:14,260
211
+ ูˆ ุจู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ groups ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ ูุจุญุทู‡ู… ู…ุน
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:14,260 --> 00:05:19,080
215
+ ุจุนุถ ูˆุจุตูŠุฑ ุฃุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุฑุงุณ ุฅู„ู‡ู… ูˆู…ุง ูŠู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูŠู†ุทุจู‚
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:19,080 --> 00:05:23,960
219
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุณู‡ู„ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:23,960 --> 00:05:28,310
223
+ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ groupsูƒูŠู ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ู„ูˆ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:28,310 --> 00:05:32,890
227
+ ุจุดุฑ ุนู„ู‰ group Cyclic ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ู€ Cyclic ุจุชุญู‚ู‚ ุฎุตุงุฆุต
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:32,890 --> 00:05:37,290
231
+ ุจุชุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ุงู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:37,290 --> 00:05:43,430
235
+ orders ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ู†ูุณู‡
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:43,430 --> 00:05:48,070
239
+ ู„ุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุถู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:48,070 --> 00:05:49,550
243
+ ุงู„ groups
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:52,750 --> 00:05:58,030
247
+ ููŠ ุญูŠู† ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุจูŠู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุด cyclic ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุด ุฃู†ูุฐ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:58,030 --> 00:06:04,370
251
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฅู„ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎุฏ ู†ุธุฑูŠุงุช ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุชู‚ุฏู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:04,370 --> 00:06:10,130
255
+ chapter ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงุจู†ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ cyclic
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:10,130 --> 00:06:15,410
259
+ groups ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ููŠ chapter ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:15,410 --> 00:06:20,530
263
+ chapter 11 ุชุญุฏูŠุฏุงุจู†ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู€ Ability
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:20,530 --> 00:06:26,250
267
+ Group ุงู„ู€ finite ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ุจุธู„
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:26,250 --> 00:06:32,150
271
+ ุงู„ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน ุดุบู„ุชูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Ability
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:32,150 --> 00:06:36,960
275
+ Infiniteูˆุงู„ู€ non-abelian ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:36,960 --> 00:06:39,680
279
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงุจุฑ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ู†ุธุฑูŠุงุชู‡ู… ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุดุบู„ู‡ู…
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:39,680 --> 00:06:42,980
283
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุด ู‡ู†ุชุทุฑู‚ ู„ู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:42,980 --> 00:06:47,180
287
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงู‚ ุฅุฐุง ุถุงู„ ูˆุฌุฏ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุดุจุทุฉ ุฑุงุญ ุฏุนุด ู…ุง
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:47,180 --> 00:06:49,480
291
+ ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู€ finite abelian group ู„ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:49,480 --> 00:06:54,700
295
+ ู‡ู†ู†ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€cyclic groups ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:54,700 --> 00:06:59,560
299
+ ู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงูŠุด
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:59,560 --> 00:07:10,510
303
+ ุจุชุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ cyclicEgo ุฃูŠ ุณุคุงู„ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจุŸ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุณุคุงู„ุŸ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:10,510 --> 00:07:20,830
307
+ ุทูŠุจ ู†ู„ุฎุต ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ูƒู…ุซุงู„
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:20,830 --> 00:07:31,830
311
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง Z with addition
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:34,660 --> 00:07:47,520
315
+ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง z ู…ุน ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุนุฉ we can show that for any x
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:47,520 --> 00:07:57,220
319
+ ุฃูˆ n ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ z that ุงู„ n ุจุชุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃุณ ุฃู† ุฃูˆ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:57,220 --> 00:08:04,250
323
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ n ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ุงู† ุจุชุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:08:04,250 --> 00:08:10,570
327
+ ุงูˆ ุณุงู„ุจ ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุณุงู„ุจ ุงู† ุจุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:08:10,570 --> 00:08:22,610
331
+ each element in z is a power of
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:08:22,610 --> 00:08:33,480
335
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ and a power of ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:08:33,480 --> 00:08:43,260
339
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ and ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ are generators of
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:08:43,260 --> 00:08:48,120
343
+ the group Z
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:08:48,120 --> 00:08:58,580
347
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ูˆู„ุฏุงุช ู„ุฃู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ group Z and Z is a
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:58,580 --> 00:08:59,200
351
+ cyclic
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:09:06,930 --> 00:09:13,870
355
+ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ู…ุซุงู„ ุงุฎุฑ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนู„ู‰ z ู„ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ zn ู„ูˆ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:09:13,870 --> 00:09:19,770
359
+ ุฌูŠุช ุงู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ุช zn ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† zero ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:09:19,770 --> 00:09:27,070
363
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ land in minus one we
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:09:27,070 --> 00:09:30,750
367
+ can show also
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:09:32,960 --> 00:09:48,720
371
+ that any element in ZN is a power of ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู„
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:09:48,720 --> 00:09:54,200
375
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุจุณ ู„ุฃ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุนุฑุงุณูŠ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู‡ู†ุทู„ู‚ ู„ู‡ุง
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:09:54,200 --> 00:09:57,780
379
+ ู„ุงุญู‚ุง ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ is a generator
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:10:00,210 --> 00:10:10,030
383
+ of Zn and Zn is cyclic ุทุจุนุง Zn ู„ู…ุง ุจุชู†ุงูˆู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฏูˆู†
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:10:10,030 --> 00:10:14,190
387
+ ู…ุง ุงุญุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุดุฑูˆุท ุงุถุงููŠุฉ ูุงู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† Zn ู…ุน ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:10:14,190 --> 00:10:25,850
391
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ modulo N ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:10:31,850 --> 00:10:43,490
395
+ U ุนุดุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€ U ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ูŠู† ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ุณุจุนุฉุŒ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:10:43,490 --> 00:10:49,370
399
+ ุชุณุนุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุฃู†ุง ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุด ุฃู‚ูˆู„ generated by ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ู„ุฃู†
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:10:49,370 --> 00:10:54,040
403
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุดุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ identity ู„ูƒู† ุงู†ุง ู…ู‚ุฏุฑ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:10:54,040 --> 00:10:58,880
407
+ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุต ุงุชู†ูŠู†
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:10:58,880 --> 00:11:05,600
411
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุด ุชุณุนุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุต ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:11:05,600 --> 00:11:10,940
415
+ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจุถุงุฑ ุฌุฏูŠุด ุณุจุนุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุต ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:11:10,940 --> 00:11:19,120
419
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ U ุนุดุฑุฉ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ generated by ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูŠุถุง ู‡ูŠ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:11:19,120 --> 00:11:28,660
423
+ generated by ู…ูŠู†U10 Generated by 7 ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ U10 is
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:11:28,660 --> 00:11:31,780
427
+ Cyclic
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:11:31,780 --> 00:11:40,220
431
+ U10
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:11:40,220 --> 00:11:43,260
435
+ Cyclic ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู„ ูƒู„ ุงู„ UN Cyclic
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:11:48,530 --> 00:11:56,790
439
+ U10 Cyclic ู‡ู„ ูƒู„ ุงู„ U N CyclicุŸ ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู…ุซุงู„
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:11:56,790 --> 00:12:05,390
443
+ ุนู„ู‰ U U8 N ู…ุด Cyclic ู†ุฌุฑุจ ุงู„ U8 ู…ูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ U8ุŸ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:12:05,390 --> 00:12:09,590
447
+ ุทูŠุจ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:12:09,590 --> 00:12:15,550
451
+ ู‡ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู†ู‡ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃุณูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:12:15,550 --> 00:12:20,510
455
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃูุณ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:12:20,510 --> 00:12:27,450
459
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุจุนุฉ ุฃูุณ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุจุนุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุณุจุนุฉ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจุฑุถู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:12:27,450 --> 00:12:33,550
463
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ U ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช generated by ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆู„ูŠุณุช
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:12:33,550 --> 00:12:40,410
467
+ generated by ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆู„ูŠุณุช generated by ุณุจุนุฉ ู‡ุฐุง
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:12:40,410 --> 00:12:43,830
471
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ U ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ is not
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:12:46,600 --> 00:12:55,140
475
+ Cyclic ู„ูŠุณุช ุฌุฑูˆุจ ูˆ ู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ Cyclic ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:12:55,140 --> 00:13:02,940
479
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุชุจู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุชูˆุถุญ ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู† ุฒุฏ Cyclic ุฒุฏ N ุฏุงูŠู…ุง
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:13:02,940 --> 00:13:07,620
483
+ Cyclic ู„ุฃูŠ N ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ UN ู‚ุฏ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:13:07,620 --> 00:13:14,140
487
+ ุชูƒูˆู† Cyclic ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ู„ุง ุชูƒูˆู† Cyclic ูˆุงุถุญ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:13:17,290 --> 00:13:24,110
491
+ ูˆุงุถุญ ุดุจุงุจุŸ ุทุจุนุง
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:13:24,110 --> 00:13:39,630
495
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ ู‡ู†ุจุฏุฃ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:13:39,630 --> 00:13:45,050
499
+ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู†ุธุฑูŠุงุช ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:13:45,050 --> 00:13:45,910
503
+ theorem
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:13:49,560 --> 00:13:50,400
507
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:14:08,250 --> 00:14:12,370
511
+ ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุชู†ุงูˆู„ ููŠ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ู„ุงุญู‚ุฉ ุจุนุฏ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ 4-1
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:14:12,370 --> 00:14:16,850
515
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ fundamental theorem of cyclic groups
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:14:16,850 --> 00:14:22,870
519
+ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฒู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู†ุง ุงุชู†ุงูˆู„
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:14:22,870 --> 00:14:31,180
523
+ ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ูˆู‚ุชุงุด two powers ู„ุฃู†ุตุฑ ู…ุง ุจูŠุชุณุงูˆู‰ูˆู‚ุชุงุด ุจู‚ูˆู„
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:14:31,180 --> 00:14:37,660
527
+ ุงู† AI ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ AJ ูุฃูŠ group ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุฃูŠ ุนู†ุตุฑ ู‡ุฐุง
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:14:37,660 --> 00:14:44,860
531
+ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู‡ ุฎูŠุงุฑูŠู† ูŠุง ุฅู„ู‡ infinite order ูŠุง ุฅู„ู‡ finite
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:14:44,860 --> 00:14:50,720
535
+ order ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ infinite order ูˆู‚ุชุงุด
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:14:52,330 --> 00:14:56,690
539
+ ุงู„ู€ AI ุจูŠุชุณุงูˆู‰ AJ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ I ูˆุงู„ู€ J ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:14:56,690 --> 00:15:01,050
543
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ finite ุงู„ู€ AI ูˆุงู„ู€ AJ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:15:01,050 --> 00:15:06,670
547
+ ูˆุงูƒุชุด ุจูŠุชุณุงูˆู‰ ูˆุฅูŠุด ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู€ I ูˆุงู„ู€ J ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:15:06,670 --> 00:15:15,550
551
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูƒู†ุต ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ูƒุชุจู‡ let J be
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:15:15,550 --> 00:15:18,730
555
+ a group
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:15:22,250 --> 00:15:32,050
559
+ A ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ู„ู€ J ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ if order ุงู„ A ุจุณุงูˆูŠ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:15:32,050 --> 00:15:40,370
563
+ infinite ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ A has infinite order then AI
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:15:40,370 --> 00:15:50,930
567
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ AJ if and only if ุงู„ I ุจุณุงูˆูŠ G and
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:15:55,120 --> 00:16:02,260
571
+ generated by a ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ identity a ู‡ูŠ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:16:02,260 --> 00:16:09,300
575
+ ุชูƒูŠุจ ูˆู„ุง ุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุงู…ุง
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:16:09,300 --> 00:16:15,080
579
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ order finite ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจูŠุชุบูŠุฑ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:16:15,080 --> 00:16:21,480
583
+ ุชู†ูŠู†
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:16:21,480 --> 00:16:32,290
587
+ if order ุงู„ aุจุณุงูˆูŠ and then ai
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:16:32,290 --> 00:16:41,850
591
+ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ aj if and only if ุงู„ n ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ i minus g ู…ุด
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:16:41,850 --> 00:16:49,910
595
+ ุจุณ ู‡ูŠูƒ and generated by a ุฏู‡ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity a
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:16:49,910 --> 00:17:00,830
599
+ a2and a and minus one ููŠ ูƒู„
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:17:00,830 --> 00:17:08,370
603
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ a ุฃูุณ i ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ a ุฃูุณ j ููŠ ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:17:08,370 --> 00:17:19,970
607
+ ูˆูƒุชุด ุจูŠุชุณุงูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ assume that ุฃู† ุฃุฑุฏุฑ ุงู„ a
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:17:19,970 --> 00:17:28,160
611
+ ุจุฏุฃ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ infiniteู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู† AOSN ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:17:28,160 --> 00:17:38,480
615
+ identity for any N ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Z ููŠ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:17:38,480 --> 00:17:46,250
619
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุณุญู„ if I ุจุณุงูˆูŠ JA to I ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ A to G ุฌูŠ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:17:46,250 --> 00:17:50,090
623
+ ุงู„ุนูƒุณูŠ ุงู†ู‡ I ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฌูŠ ุจูŠู‚ุถูŠู„ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ A ุฃูุณ I ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:17:50,090 --> 00:17:54,910
627
+ A ุฃูุณ G ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ Assume
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:17:54,910 --> 00:18:06,190
631
+ that A I ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู† ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุจู„ุงุด ููŠ ุฒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุญุทู‡ุง
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:18:06,190 --> 00:18:09,190
635
+ ููŠ ุงู„ natural number ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ order ูŠูƒูˆู†
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:18:09,190 --> 00:18:17,180
639
+ positiveassume that a ุฃูุณ i ุจุฏุช ุณุงูˆูŠ a ุฃูุณ j ู‡ุฐุง
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:18:17,180 --> 00:18:30,360
643
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ let ุฃูˆ assume that ุงู† ุฌูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฌูŠ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:18:30,360 --> 00:18:34,300
647
+ ุงู†ุง
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:18:34,300 --> 00:18:38,480
651
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุซุจุช ุงู† ุงูŠ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฌูŠ ู‡ูุชุฎุฏ ุงู† ุงูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฌูŠ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:18:42,320 --> 00:18:51,960
655
+ without lost of generality ุจุฏูˆู† ูู‚ุฏุงู† ุงู„ุชุนู…ูŠู… ุฐุงุช
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:18:51,960 --> 00:18:59,660
659
+ I ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† J ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ I ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ J ูŠุง ุงู„ I ุฃูƒุจุฑ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:18:59,660 --> 00:19:06,840
663
+ ูŠุง ุงู„ J ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูุญู†ูุชุฑุถ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ I ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ AI ุจุฏุช
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:19:06,840 --> 00:19:16,070
667
+ ุณุงูˆูŠ AJ ูŠุนู†ูŠ AIminus j ุจุฏุช ุณุงูˆ ุงู„ identity ู‡ุฏุงุด
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:19:16,070 --> 00:19:22,170
671
+ ุญูŠุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ but
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:19:22,170 --> 00:19:32,190
675
+ a ุฃุณ n ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆ ุงู„ identity ู„ูƒู„ n ููŠ ุงู„ N ู‡ุฏุงุด
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:19:32,190 --> 00:19:37,190
679
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ I minus ุงู„ J ุณุงูˆ Zero
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:19:37,190 --> 00:19:39,390
683
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:19:42,900 --> 00:19:49,260
687
+ ุฅุฐุง ุญุณูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุฏูŠ ุชู†ุงู‚ุถ ู‡ุงู† ูƒูŠู ุจู‚ูˆู„ ูƒูŠู
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:19:49,260 --> 00:19:53,700
691
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ุงู„ I minus ุงู„ J ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity ูˆุงู„ I
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:19:53,700 --> 00:20:00,460
695
+ minus J ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ู„ N ูˆุงู„ A ุฃุณ N ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:20:00,460 --> 00:20:08,140
699
+ ู„ุฃูŠ N ููŠ N ู‡ุฐุง contradiction ูุงู†ูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู‡ุงู†
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:20:08,140 --> 00:20:12,440
703
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ I ุจุฏุฃ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:20:17,690 --> 00:20:24,410
707
+ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู†ู‡ generated by a ุจุชุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:20:24,410 --> 00:20:33,450
711
+ identity ุงูŠู‡ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงูŠู‡ ุชูƒูŠูŠุจ and a of i and a of j
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:20:33,450 --> 00:20:38,610
715
+ are distinct ุฎู„ูŠ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:20:38,610 --> 00:20:44,810
719
+ ุงุนู…ู„ู‡ since ุงู„ a of i and a of j are distinct from
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:20:44,810 --> 00:20:45,290
723
+ any
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:20:50,630 --> 00:21:00,130
727
+ I ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฌูŠู‡ ู‡ุฌุงุช ุงู„ powers ู„ู„ A A ุฃุณ I ูˆ A ุฃุณ ุฌูŠู‡
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:21:00,130 --> 00:21:04,730
731
+ ู„ุงูŠุชุณุงูˆู‰ ุฅู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุชุณุงูˆู‰ ุงู„ I ูˆ ุงู„ุฌูŠู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ I ูˆ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:21:04,730 --> 00:21:08,170
735
+ ุงู„ุฌูŠู‡ ู…ุงูŠุชุณุงูˆูˆุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ุนุงุด ุจุชูƒูˆู†
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:21:08,850 --> 00:21:15,310
739
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุงุจุตู„ุด ููŠ ู„ุญุธุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู„ุฃู†ุตุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูƒู„
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:21:15,310 --> 00:21:19,550
743
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุงุนุทูŠ power ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ู†ุงุดุฑ ุฃู†ุตุฑ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:21:19,550 --> 00:21:25,650
747
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ุด ู‡ุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ูˆุจู‡ูŠูƒ ุชูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุต ุฅุซุจุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฒุก
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:21:25,650 --> 00:21:35,250
751
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุฃูŠ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:21:35,250 --> 00:21:35,950
755
+ ุณุคุงู„ุŸ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:21:46,140 --> 00:21:50,120
759
+ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ order ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ infinity ู…ุฏุงู… ุงู„ order ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:21:50,120 --> 00:21:53,220
763
+ infinity ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด power ู„ู„ a
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:21:53,220 --> 00:21:59,980
767
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ุงู„ identity ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ zero ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุงู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:21:59,980 --> 00:22:03,020
771
+ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠุชู‡ุง N ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ Z ุทุจ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงุตู„ุงู‹ A ูˆ Zero
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:22:03,020 --> 00:22:06,620
775
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ identity ูุงุฎุฏุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ N ุญุฏ ู‡ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:22:06,620 --> 00:22:09,920
779
+ ุทูŠุจ ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงุตู„ุงู‹ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ A ุฃูุณ ุณุงู„ุจ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:22:09,920 --> 00:22:13,360
783
+ N ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity ูุงู„ A ุฃูุณ N ู‡ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:22:13,360 --> 00:22:18,320
787
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู‚ูˆู„ N ููŠ ุงู„ N ูุงู†ุง ุจู„ุบ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:22:18,320 --> 00:22:28,500
791
+ ุจู„ุบ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆ ุจูƒุชููŠ ุจู…ูŠู† ุจุงู„ุตูุฑ ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ assume
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:22:30,900 --> 00:22:40,420
795
+ that ู‡ูˆ ุฃุฎุถุฑ ุงู„ู€ A ุจุฏุฃุช ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ N ูŠุนู†ูŠ A ุฃูุณ N
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:22:40,420 --> 00:22:46,840
799
+ ุจุฏุฃุช ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ Identity ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ูŠุซุจุชู‡ ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ู†ุต
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:22:46,840 --> 00:22:49,880
803
+ ุงู†ู‡
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:22:49,880 --> 00:22:55,540
807
+ A ุฃูุณ I ุจุณุงูˆูŠ A ุฃูุณ G if and only if ุงู„ N ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:22:55,540 --> 00:23:05,690
811
+ I minus G ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุณู‡ู„ุฅุฐุง I ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ J ุซู… A ุฃุณ I
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:23:05,690 --> 00:23:10,770
815
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€J ู„ุญุธุฉุŒ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ุจุฏุฃ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉุŒ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:23:10,770 --> 00:23:19,130
819
+ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฃุชู‡ุง ุฌู‡ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ Assume that A
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:23:19,130 --> 00:23:21,930
823
+ ุฃุณ I ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:23:21,930 --> 00:23:23,430
827
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ A ุฃุณ J
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:23:27,170 --> 00:23:33,150
831
+ ู‡ู†ุซุจุช ุงู† ุงู„ I ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ J ู…ู† ู…ุถุงุนูุงุช ุงู„ N ุฃูˆ ุงู„ N
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:23:33,150 --> 00:23:43,730
835
+ ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ A minus J ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ A ุงู‚ุต I minus J
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:23:43,730 --> 00:23:46,090
839
+ ุงูŠุด ุฏู‡ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:23:49,390 --> 00:23:55,070
843
+ ุทูŠุจ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฌูŠุช ุฃุดุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ู…ุณุญ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:23:55,070 --> 00:24:00,190
847
+ ูƒุชุจู†ุงู‡ุง ูˆ ู†ุฑุฌุน ู†ูƒุชุจ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู†ูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุงู„ I minus J
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:24:00,190 --> 00:24:04,070
851
+ ู…ุฏุงู…
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:24:04,070 --> 00:24:08,730
855
+ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุงุญุทูŠุช ุงู„ุดุฑูˆุท ุนู„ู‰ I ูˆ J ูู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆ ู‚ุฏ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:24:08,730 --> 00:24:14,850
859
+ ูŠูƒูˆู†ู…ูˆุฌุจู‡ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† zero ุฃู†ุง ุนู„ุดุงู† ุฃุจุนุฏ ุนู† ุญุงู„ุชูŠู†
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:24:14,850 --> 00:24:19,110
863
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ zero ูˆ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ู‡ูุชุฑุถ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ูุฑุถุช ู‡ู†ุง ุฃู†
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:24:19,110 --> 00:24:22,470
867
+ ุงู„ I ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ J ุฅูุชุฑุงุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ I ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ J ูŠุนู†ูŠ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:24:22,470 --> 00:24:28,270
871
+ ุฃู† ุฃู†ุง ุฏุฎู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ุฅุซุจุงุช ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงู„
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:24:28,270 --> 00:24:31,790
875
+ contradiction ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ุฃูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ I ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:24:31,790 --> 00:24:38,630
879
+ ุงู„ J assume in contrary that
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:24:40,640 --> 00:24:56,260
883
+ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ I ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฌูŠู‡ C ุงู„ู€ I ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู‡ Now A
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:24:56,260 --> 00:25:02,080
887
+ ุฃูุณ I ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ A ุฃูุณ G ูŠุนู†ูŠ A ุฃูุณ I minus ุฌูŠู‡
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:25:02,080 --> 00:25:07,660
891
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏูŠู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity ุทุจุนุง ุชู†ุณุงุด ุฅู† ุงู„ I
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:25:07,660 --> 00:25:21,810
895
+ minus Gุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ู…ูŠู† ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ุทูŠุจ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:25:21,810 --> 00:25:26,910
899
+ using ุงู„ู„ูŠ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:25:26,910 --> 00:25:36,090
903
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ division algorithm ุณู…ุนู†ูŠ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:25:36,090 --> 00:25:41,770
907
+ ุงู„ division algorithmุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ I minus
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:25:41,770 --> 00:25:45,570
911
+ J ุจุฏุฃ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:25:45,570 --> 00:25:52,150
915
+ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ QN ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ู€ R ูˆุงู„ู€ R ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ N ูˆุฃูƒุจุฑ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:25:52,150 --> 00:26:00,690
919
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุตุญุŸ ููŠ ุบู„ุท ุฃู†
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:26:00,690 --> 00:26:03,970
923
+ ุฃู†ุง ุดูŠู„ุช ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ู…ุด
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:26:03,970 --> 00:26:05,910
927
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุฏูŠ ู…ุจุฑุฑ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:26:08,360 --> 00:26:15,240
931
+ ุจุฏูŠ ูˆ ุจู‚ู‰ ุทุจ ูˆ ู„ูŠุด ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุซุจุชู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ู„ ุงู†ุง ู…ุญุชุงุฌ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:26:15,240 --> 00:26:28,960
935
+ ุงู†ููŠู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:26:28,960 --> 00:26:34,500
939
+ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุงู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠุช ุฎุทุฃ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ุง ุงุฌุงุจู‡ ู„ุนุฏู„ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุทูŠุจ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:26:34,500 --> 00:26:46,500
943
+ nowAOSR ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† AOS I minus ุงู„ู€ J ู†ู‚ุตุฉ QN ุจุฏุง
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:26:46,500 --> 00:26:53,580
947
+ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ AOS I minus ุงู„ู€ J ููŠ AOS ุณุงู„ุจ QN ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:26:53,580 --> 00:26:58,920
951
+ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Identity ููŠ AOS N ุณุงู„ุจ Q Identity ููŠ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:26:58,920 --> 00:27:07,270
955
+ Identity ุจุฏุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงูŠุด Identity ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจAOSRุฏู‡ ุงู„ุณูˆู‰
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:27:07,270 --> 00:27:12,330
959
+ ุงู„ identity ุทูŠุจ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:27:12,330 --> 00:27:17,350
963
+ ุชุนุงู„ูˆุง ู†ุดูˆู ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุทุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุฌุนู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:27:17,350 --> 00:27:22,130
967
+ ุดุจุงุจ ุฃู†ุงุด ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ูŠุซุจุชู‡ ู…ุด
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:27:22,130 --> 00:27:27,270
971
+ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ูŠุซุจุชู‡ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู† ุงู„ N ุชู‚ุณู…
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:27:27,270 --> 00:27:32,470
975
+ ุงู„ I minus ุงู„ J ุฃู†ุงุด
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:27:32,470 --> 00:27:32,970
979
+ ูุฑุถุช
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:27:39,300 --> 00:27:43,240
983
+ ู…ุงุดูŠู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉุŸ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆู„ ุฎุทุฃ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:27:43,240 --> 00:27:47,580
987
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:27:47,580 --> 00:27:52,440
991
+ ุจุณ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุทุฃ ุฌุงุจ ูˆุฑุง ุฃุฎุทุงุก ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูุฑุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ I ู„ุง
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:27:52,440 --> 00:27:59,880
995
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ J ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ุช ุฃู† ุงู„ I ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ J ุทุจุนุง
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:27:59,880 --> 00:28:05,860
999
+ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุจู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุฃู†ูŠ ุฃุซุจุชุฅู† ุงู„ N ุชู‚ุณู…
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:28:05,860 --> 00:28:11,460
1003
+ ุงู„ I minus ุงู„ J ู‡ู„ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ I ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ J ุงู„ N ู‚ุฏ ู„ุง
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:28:11,460 --> 00:28:16,280
1007
+ ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ I minus J ู…ุงู„ูˆุด
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:28:16,280 --> 00:28:22,740
1011
+ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูุจู†ุฑุฌุน ู†ุนุฏู„ ูุฑุถูŠุงุชู†ุง ูˆ ู†ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ุฏุฒู‚ ู‡ุฐุง
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:28:22,740 --> 00:28:25,920
1015
+ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุฑุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ูุฑุถู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ูุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูุชุฑุถ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:28:25,920 --> 00:28:34,650
1019
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุฃู† ุงู„ N ู„ุง ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ I minus Jุชู‚ุณู… ุงูˆ ู„ุง
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:28:34,650 --> 00:28:41,970
1023
+ ุชู‚ุณู…ุŸ ู„ุง ุชู‚ุณู… ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ู‡ุงู„ุฌูŠุชุŸ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:28:41,970 --> 00:28:48,110
1027
+ ู‡ุฌูŠุช ุงู„ A ุงู‚ุต I minus ุงู„ุฌูŠู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ E ุงู†ุง ู„ู…ุง
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:28:48,110 --> 00:28:52,550
1031
+ ู‚ูˆู„ุช ุงู†ู‡ I minus ุงู„ุฌูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุนู„ู‰
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:28:52,550 --> 00:28:58,130
1035
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ I ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู‡ ุทูŠุจ ุจุตุฑุงุญุฉ ุงู„ I ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:28:58,130 --> 00:29:00,210
1039
+ ุงู„ุฌูŠู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏูŠ ูˆู†ุญู† ุณูŠู‡ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ Z
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:29:04,420 --> 00:29:08,320
1043
+ Using Division Algorithm ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู† ุนุฒุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:29:08,320 --> 00:29:14,580
1047
+ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุณู„ูŠู…ุฉ ู‡ุฑุฌุช ู‡ู†ุฑุฌุน ู‡ุงู† ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒ ุงู†ู‡
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:29:14,580 --> 00:29:18,860
1051
+ ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ู†ุดูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ ุงู„ุง ุจู…ุจุฑุฑ ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุจุฑุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆู„ุง
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:29:18,860 --> 00:29:24,480
1055
+ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุดูˆุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ I minus J ูุงู†ุง ุจุฑูˆุญุด
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:29:24,480 --> 00:29:31,810
1059
+ ุจุนู…ู„ ู‡ุงู† ุจุดูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉุจูƒู…ู„ a-r ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ a-i-j-q-n
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:29:31,810 --> 00:29:40,350
1063
+ ุจุตู„ ุงู† a-r ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity since r ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฃูˆ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:29:40,350 --> 00:29:46,950
1067
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ zero a-r ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ r ู…ุง
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:29:46,950 --> 00:29:51,150
1071
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ n ูˆ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ zero ุงู„ a-r ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:29:51,150 --> 00:29:53,990
1075
+ identity order ู„ู„ a ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ n
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:29:57,830 --> 00:30:01,950
1079
+ A contradiction ู…ูŠู†
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:30:01,950 --> 00:30:07,110
1083
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ contradiction ู‡ุงุฏุง ุงู„ order ู‡ูˆ n ูˆุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:30:07,110 --> 00:30:13,990
1087
+ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ุด ุตูุฑูŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ n ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ identity so ูˆูŠู†
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:30:13,990 --> 00:30:23,600
1091
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุงู†ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ R ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ zero and ุงู„ n ุชู‚ุณู…ุงู„ู€ I
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:30:23,600 --> 00:30:27,340
1095
+ minus J ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:30:27,340 --> 00:30:33,000
1099
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชู… ุฅุซุจุงุชู‡ุง ุฃุนูŠุฏ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุนุดุงู† .. ุฃุนูŠุฏ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:30:33,000 --> 00:30:39,040
1103
+ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฅุซุจุงุช ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุชุนุฏูŠู„ ุฃู†ุง ูุฑุถุช ..
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:30:39,040 --> 00:30:43,380
1107
+ ุจุงู„ุนู…ุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ุนู…ุฏ ููŠูƒ ูˆ ู„ุง ุนุดุงู† ุชุชุนู„ู… ูˆู„ุง .. ู…ุด
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:30:43,380 --> 00:30:45,880
1111
+ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจูƒูˆู† ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ุนู…ุฏ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฎ .. ุจ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:30:45,880 --> 00:30:52,700
1115
+ ุงู†ุง ุฃุฎู„ุทุช ููŠ ุดุบู„ุฉ ูˆ ุจุฑุฌุน ุจุนุฏู„ู‡ุงุทูŠุจ ูุนุฑุถุช ู‡ู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:30:52,700 --> 00:30:58,460
1119
+ A Os I ุจุฏุฃ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ A Os Jูุงู†ุง ุจุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:30:58,460 --> 00:31:03,360
1123
+ ูุฑุถุช ุงู† ุงู„ุงู† ู„ุง ูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ I minus J ูˆุตู„ุช ุงู† I minus
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:31:03,360 --> 00:31:07,620
1127
+ J ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity ูˆ I minus J ููŠ ุงู„ Z ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:31:07,620 --> 00:31:11,560
1131
+ ุนุฏุฏ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูุงู†ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจุงู„ division algorithm ูˆ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:31:11,560 --> 00:31:15,540
1135
+ ุงูƒุชุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูˆ ุนู„ุดุงู† ุงู„ุงู† ู„ุง ุชู‚ุณู… I minus J
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:31:15,540 --> 00:31:19,760
1139
+ ุงู„ุงุฑ ู„ุงู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ Zero ูˆุตู„ุช ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจุงุช ู„ุงู† I minus
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:31:19,760 --> 00:31:23,560
1143
+ R ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity ุทูŠุจ I minus R ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:31:23,560 --> 00:31:31,230
1147
+ identityูˆุงู„ู€ R ุนุฏุฏ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:31:31,230 --> 00:31:36,210
1151
+ order ู„ูƒู† ู‡ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู† ุงู„ order ูุตุงุฑ ุชู†ุงู‚ุถ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู…
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:31:36,210 --> 00:31:43,870
1155
+ ุงู„ R ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 0 ูˆ ุงู„ุฃู† ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ I minus G ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:31:43,870 --> 00:31:48,630
1159
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุณุทุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ I ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ G ูุงู„ A ูˆ I
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:31:48,630 --> 00:31:49,990
1163
+ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ A ูˆ G
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:31:57,620 --> 00:32:05,680
1167
+ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ Assume ุฃู†
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:32:05,680 --> 00:32:15,420
1171
+ N ุชู‚ุณู… I minus J ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฃู† I minus J ุชุชุณุงูˆูŠ Q
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:32:15,420 --> 00:32:26,520
1175
+ ุชุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง T ููŠ N ูˆ T ู…ู† ุฃูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† Zู‡ุฌุฉ A ุฃูุณ I minus
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:32:26,520 --> 00:32:31,240
1179
+ ุงู„ู€ J ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† A ุฃูุณ T N ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† A ุฃูุณ N ุฃูุณ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:32:31,240 --> 00:32:36,020
1183
+ T ุจุฏุช ุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ู€ Identity A ุฃูุณ I minus ุงู„ู€ J ุจุฏุช ุณูˆู‰
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:32:36,020 --> 00:32:44,700
1187
+ ุงู„ู€ Identity A ุฃูุณ I ุจุฏุช ุณูˆู‰ A ุฃูุณ G ุทูŠุจุŒ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:32:44,700 --> 00:32:49,260
1191
+ ูุถู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:32:49,260 --> 00:32:55,310
1195
+ ุชุฑูƒุฒ ู…ุนุงูŠุงูุฑุถุช ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ A ุฃูุณ I ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ A ุฃูุณ J
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:32:55,310 --> 00:33:02,950
1199
+ ูุฑุถุช
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:33:02,950 --> 00:33:09,290
1203
+ ุงู„ู€ B ูุฑุถุช ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ A ุฃูุณ I ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ A ุฃูุณ J ูุฑุถุช
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:33:09,290 --> 00:33:09,690
1207
+ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ B ูุฑุถุช ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ A ุฃูุณ I ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ A ุฃูุณ J
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:33:09,690 --> 00:33:12,050
1211
+ ูุฑุถุช ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ N ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ I minus J ูุฑุถุช ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ N ู„ุง
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:33:12,050 --> 00:33:19,000
1215
+ ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ I minus JูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-i ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:33:19,000 --> 00:33:20,000
1219
+ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-j
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:33:20,000 --> 00:33:20,200
1223
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:33:20,200 --> 00:33:21,480
1227
+ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-j
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:33:21,480 --> 00:33:22,100
1231
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:33:22,100 --> 00:33:30,580
1235
+ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:33:30,580 --> 00:33:38,510
1239
+ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-j ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a-jุงู„ู€ A ุฃูุณ I ู…ูŠู†ุต ุงู„ู€ G
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:33:38,510 --> 00:33:42,570
1243
+ Identity A ุฃูุณ ุณุงู„ุจ Q N ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† A ุฃูุณ N ุฃูุณ ุณุงู„ุจ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:33:42,570 --> 00:33:46,630
1247
+ Q ุจุฑุถู‡ Identity Identity ููŠ Identity ุจูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ุงู„
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:33:46,630 --> 00:33:50,610
1251
+ Identity ูŠูƒุจุฑ A ุฃูุณ R ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ Identity ู‡ุฌูŠุช
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:33:50,610 --> 00:33:54,850
1255
+ ุฃูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุจุฑูุน ุงู„ A ู„ู‡ ูˆุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ Identity
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:33:54,850 --> 00:33:59,470
1259
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ order ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ order ู‡ูˆ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:33:59,470 --> 00:34:03,230
1263
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุนุฏุฏ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ A ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:34:05,600 --> 00:34:08,900
1267
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู„ูƒู† ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู€ Divisional Root
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:34:08,900 --> 00:34:14,080
1271
+ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ูุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุชู†ุงู‚ุถ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ R
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:34:14,080 --> 00:34:19,860
1275
+ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ order ุฃูˆ ุงู„ A ุงู„ N ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ I minus
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:34:19,860 --> 00:34:30,620
1279
+ J ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุณู‡ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ ุชุฃุฎูŠุฑ ูƒูŠูุŸ ู…ุง
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:34:30,620 --> 00:34:34,600
1283
+ ู‡ูˆ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ Divisional Root ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ Nุทุงู„ู…ุง
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:34:34,600 --> 00:34:38,820
1287
+ ุจุชุฌุณู… ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฌุณู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุฅู„ุง ู„ูˆ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:34:38,820 --> 00:34:44,820
1291
+ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฌุณู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ูŠุธู„ ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุจุชุถุงู„ูŠ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:34:44,820 --> 00:34:53,820
1295
+ ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุดุจุงุจ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:34:53,820 --> 00:34:59,060
1299
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ุงู†ู‡ generated by ุงูŠู‡ ุจุณ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:34:59,060 --> 00:35:04,390
1303
+ ุฎุทูˆุชูŠู†ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุนู†
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:35:04,390 --> 00:35:13,210
1307
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุจุฑุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:35:13,210 --> 00:35:19,970
1311
+ power ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุงูˆ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ N-1 ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:35:19,970 --> 00:35:25,510
1315
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุทูŠุจ now four
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:35:26,720 --> 00:35:35,540
1319
+ ุฃู†ูŠ I ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ N ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุตูุฑ J ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:35:35,540 --> 00:35:51,020
1323
+ N ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุตูุฑ if I ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ J then I minus
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:35:51,020 --> 00:35:59,650
1327
+ J ู…ู† ุงู„ NูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ุณู„ุจ N ูˆุงู„ I minus J ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Zero
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:35:59,650 --> 00:36:02,810
1331
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:36:02,810 --> 00:36:08,230
1335
+ A ุฃุณ I minus J ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:36:11,870 --> 00:36:15,810
1339
+ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ุง ุชุฑูุน ุงู„ a ู„ู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ุงู„
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:36:15,810 --> 00:36:20,350
1343
+ identity ู…ู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุจุณ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุงู„ i minus ุงู„ j ู„ุง
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:36:20,350 --> 00:36:24,330
1347
+ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ุจู…ู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ a ุฃูุณ i minus ุงู„ j ู…ุง ุจูŠุณูˆูŠุด
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:36:24,330 --> 00:36:31,630
1351
+ ุงู„ identity ูˆ ูุชุงู„ุฉ a ุฃูุณ i ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ a ุฃูุณ j ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:36:31,630 --> 00:36:41,760
1355
+ if i ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ jูˆ ุงู„ I ุจูŠู† ุงู„ N ูˆ ุงู„ 0 ูˆ ุงู„ J ุจูŠู†
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:36:41,760 --> 00:36:48,320
1359
+ ุงู„ N ูˆ ุงู„ 0 ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ A ุฃูุณ I and A ุฃูุณ J are
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:36:48,320 --> 00:36:57,300
1363
+ distinct ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู† ูˆู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู‡ู…
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:36:57,300 --> 00:37:00,180
1367
+ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ now
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:37:02,790 --> 00:37:12,250
1371
+ ุฅุฐุง M ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ N ุฃูˆ M ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Zero ุซู…
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:37:12,250 --> 00:37:16,430
1375
+ ุจู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:37:16,430 --> 00:37:21,590
1379
+ ุงู„ู€ Division ุงู„ู€
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:37:21,590 --> 00:37:32,410
1383
+ M ุจุฏุฃ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู€ Q ุดุฑุท Nุฒุงุฏ R ุดุฑุทุฉ ูˆุงู„ู€ R ุดุฑุทุฉ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:37:32,410 --> 00:37:41,550
1387
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ N ูˆ ุงู„ู€ 0 ุฃูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุบูŠุฑ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ 0,1,2,N,N-1
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:37:41,550 --> 00:37:48,250
1391
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌุณู…ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ N ู‡ูŠุฏู„ุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠู† ุถุงุฑ ุจูŠู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:37:48,250 --> 00:37:55,810
1395
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ A ุฃูุณ M ุจุฏุช ุณุงูˆูŠ A ุฃูุณ Q ุดุฑุทุฉ N ุฒุงุฏ R ุดุฑุทุฉ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:37:55,810 --> 00:38:01,930
1399
+ A ุฃูุณ N ุฃูุณ Q ุดุฑุทุฉููŠ ASR ุดุฑุทุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:38:01,930 --> 00:38:14,790
1403
+ identity ููŠ ASR ุดุฑุทุฉ ASR ุดุฑุทุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:38:14,790 --> 00:38:20,630
1407
+ ุจุฃูŠ M ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ N ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆู„ุง ู…ุด
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:38:20,630 --> 00:38:26,070
1411
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุงูŠุฌุจ ูƒู„ ุงู„ powers ู„ู„ A ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุญุตูˆุฑูŠู† ุจูŠู†
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:38:26,070 --> 00:38:31,010
1415
+ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ N-1 ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู† ูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ powers
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:38:31,010 --> 00:38:37,090
1419
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงุจ ู„ู„ ุตูุฑ ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ N ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ูƒุฑุฑูŠู† ุจุงู„ุณู…ุงุก
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:38:37,090 --> 00:38:43,810
1423
+ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ ุญุฏุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู†ู‡ generated by A ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:38:43,810 --> 00:38:44,630
1427
+ ููŠู‡ ุจุณ ู‡ุฏูˆู„
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:38:49,050 --> 00:38:53,310
1431
+ ุทุจุนุง ู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุนู…ู„ุช ุฎุทูˆุชูŠู† ุงุซุจุชุช ุงู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ูˆ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:38:53,310 --> 00:38:56,990
1435
+ ุงุซุจุชุช ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุบูŠุฑู‡ู… ูƒูŠู ุงุซุจุชุช ุงู†ู‡ู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู†
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:38:56,990 --> 00:39:02,450
1439
+ ุงุซุจุชุชู‡ู… distinct ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู† ู…ุฏุงู… ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู† ู…ุด ู…ูƒุฑุฑูŠู† ูˆ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:39:02,450 --> 00:39:08,770
1443
+ ุจุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุดุฎุตู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุบูŠุฑู‡ู… ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:39:08,770 --> 00:39:15,210
1447
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ powers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงุจู„ูŠ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู„ู‡
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:39:17,180 --> 00:39:23,000
1451
+ power ู…ุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุฑุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:39:23,000 --> 00:39:29,700
1455
+ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู†ุง ุจูƒูˆู† ุงู†ู‡ูŠุช ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:39:29,700 --> 00:39:36,700
1459
+ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ู‰ ุงูˆ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ 4-1 ุงูŠ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:39:36,700 --> 00:39:41,200
1463
+ ุณุคุงู„ ุงูŠ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:39:41,200 --> 00:39:41,980
1467
+ ุณุคุงู„ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:39:57,040 --> 00:40:06,240
1471
+ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุฌุฒุกูŠู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุก
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:40:06,240 --> 00:40:12,960
1475
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู†
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:40:12,960 --> 00:40:16,880
1479
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู†
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:40:16,880 --> 00:40:23,840
1483
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุดู…ู„ู‡ุงู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุงุนุฏุด ุจุนุฏูƒ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ูŠุง
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:40:23,840 --> 00:40:28,440
1487
+ ุนู… ุงูŠู‡ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุงูˆ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุณุชู…ุงู†ุชุงุด ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ ูุงู†ุช
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:40:28,440 --> 00:40:33,440
1491
+ ู„ูŠุด ุญุงุทุทู‡ู… ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:40:33,440 --> 00:40:41,400
1495
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุจุงู‚ูŠ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:40:41,400 --> 00:40:51,200
1499
+ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ู…ูƒุฑุฑุฉู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ุฃูŠ ุฃูุณ ุขุฎุฑ ุบูŠุฑ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:40:51,200 --> 00:40:58,600
1503
+ ู„ูƒู†ุงุด ุจุดูƒู„ ุชุงู†ูŠ ููŠ two corollaries ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:40:58,600 --> 00:41:05,260
1507
+ corollary
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:41:05,260 --> 00:41:05,800
1511
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:41:15,560 --> 00:41:30,080
1515
+ ุฅู† order of a ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ order generated by a if
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:41:30,080 --> 00:41:33,120
1519
+ order
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:41:33,120 --> 00:41:37,720
1523
+ of a ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ infinity then order generated by a
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:41:37,720 --> 00:41:43,780
1527
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† order ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุฏู‡
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:41:43,780 --> 00:41:45,220
1531
+ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:41:48,100 --> 00:41:54,200
1535
+ final ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† order ุงู„ a ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ and then
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:41:54,200 --> 00:42:01,240
1539
+ order generated by a ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ order ู„ู„ e a a
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:42:01,240 --> 00:42:05,320
1543
+ ุชุฑุจูŠู‡ ู„ ุนู†ุฏ a and minus one ูƒุฏู‡ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู‡ู†ุง
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:42:05,320 --> 00:42:13,280
1547
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ and ุงู„ู…ุญุตุฑุฉ ุงู† order ุงู„ a ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ order
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:42:13,280 --> 00:42:15,720
1551
+ generated by a
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:42:30,400 --> 00:42:36,480
1555
+ caller 2 ุฒู…ุงู†
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:42:36,480 --> 00:42:44,920
1559
+ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ู„ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ order
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:42:44,920 --> 00:42:50,480
1563
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ูˆ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ n ูุฃูŠ power ุจูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ุงู†
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:42:50,480 --> 00:42:54,740
1567
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ identity ูƒู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ power
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:42:54,740 --> 00:42:59,760
1571
+ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ nู‡ู„ ุฌูŠุช ู…ุด ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:42:59,760 --> 00:43:04,760
1575
+ ุงู„ุงู† ูŠู‚ุณู…ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฐูƒุฑู†ูŠ ููŠ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุนุฏุงุฏ ู„ู…ุง ุดุบู„ุช
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:43:04,760 --> 00:43:07,940
1579
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฑูŠุณ common divisor ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฌุฑูŠุณ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:43:07,940 --> 00:43:13,760
1583
+ common divisor ูƒุงู† ุงูŠ common divisor ุงุฎุฑ ุงู„ุฌุฑูŠุณ
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:43:13,760 --> 00:43:18,280
1587
+ common divisor ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงุตุจุญ ุงู„ุฌุฑูŠุณ common
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:43:18,280 --> 00:43:25,720
1591
+ divisor ู…ุถุงุนู ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ common divisor ุงู„ุงุฎุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ู†ูุณ
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:43:25,720 --> 00:43:33,910
1595
+ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉูุฅุฐุง ุฃุฑุฏุฑ ุงู„ู€ A ู‡ูˆ N ูˆ A ุฃูุณ K ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:43:33,910 --> 00:43:43,770
1599
+ Identity ูุฅู† N ูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ K ุฅุซุจุงุช ุณู‡ู„ ุฅุฐุง
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:43:43,770 --> 00:43:50,250
1603
+ ุฃุฑุฏุฑ ุงู„ A ู‡ูˆ N ูˆ A ุฃูุณ K ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Identity ูุฅู† N
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:43:50,250 --> 00:43:51,510
1607
+ ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ K
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:43:57,750 --> 00:44:06,590
1611
+ ูƒูŠูุŸ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูƒู…ุซุงู„
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:44:06,590 --> 00:44:12,590
1615
+ ุณุฑูŠุน ุฌุงู…ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ order ู„ู„ A ุจุฏูŠ
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:44:12,590 --> 00:44:18,390
1619
+ ุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุชุฉ ู generated by ุงู„ A ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ identity
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:44:18,390 --> 00:44:25,930
1623
+ A A ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ A ุชูƒูŠูŠุจ A ุฃุต ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ A ุฃุต ุฎู…ุณุฉุทุจุนุง ู„ูŠุด
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:44:25,930 --> 00:44:31,810
1627
+ ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Cyclic ุงูˆ ุฒู…ุฑ ุฏูˆุงุฑุฉุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ identity ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:44:31,810 --> 00:44:41,800
1631
+ ู‡ุงู† ุงู„ a ู‡ุงู† ุงู„ a ุชุฑุจูŠู‡ ู‡ุงู† ุงู„ a ุชูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ a ูˆุต 4ุงู„ู€
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:44:41,800 --> 00:44:47,240
1635
+ AOS 5 ุงู„ู€ Identity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ AOS 6 ุจู„ู ู…ุฑุชูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ AOS
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:44:47,240 --> 00:44:52,320
1639
+ 7 ุงู„ู€ AOS 2 ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณู‡ AOS 8 ุงู„ู€ AOS 3 ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:44:52,320 --> 00:44:57,820
1643
+ AOS 9 ุงู„ู€ AOS 4 ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ AOS 10 ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุจุชุตูŠุฑ
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:44:57,820 --> 00:45:05,850
1647
+ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงุดู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุจุชู„ู ููŠ ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉูŠุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:45:05,850 --> 00:45:10,070
1651
+ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุงูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:45:10,070 --> 00:45:13,810
1655
+ ูˆุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:45:13,810 --> 00:45:18,850
1659
+ fundamental theorem of cyclic groups ูŠุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:45:18,850 --> 00:45:19,170
1663
+ ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ
1664
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwZKOpj354PRgwYPWWgxchnI/KpzIv297Rbw_raw.json ADDED
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PL9fwy3NUQKwZKOpj354PRgwYPWWgxchnI/PXZxPZyPNPE_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1788 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:22,310 --> 00:00:26,410
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ููŠ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:26,410 --> 00:00:31,130
7
+ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ groups ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ูˆุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ set
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:31,130 --> 00:00:34,990
11
+ ูˆ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง binary operation ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง group ุฅุฐุง
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:34,990 --> 00:00:39,190
15
+ ุญู‚ู‚ุชู„ูŠ ุซู„ุงุซ ุฎุงุต ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:39,190 --> 00:00:43,650
19
+ associativity ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ identity
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:43,650 --> 00:00:47,350
23
+ element ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ inverse
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:47,350 --> 00:00:53,380
27
+ element ู„ุฃูŠ element ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ group Gูˆุงุฎุฏู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:53,380 --> 00:00:59,440
31
+ ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุฃุฑุจุน ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุฑู‚ู… ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:59,440 --> 00:01:04,380
35
+ ZN ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑู‡ุง Zero ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:04,380 --> 00:01:10,720
39
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ N ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:10,720 --> 00:01:17,560
43
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ addition modulo NูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ z n
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:17,560 --> 00:01:25,440
47
+ ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุจุณ ุงูŠุด ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ n ุจู†ู‡ู…ู„ู‡ู…
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:25,440 --> 00:01:30,460
51
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุชุจุนู‡ ู‡ูˆ m ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠุด ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:30,460 --> 00:01:35,440
55
+ group under addition ู„ูŠุด ุงู„ a ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ู† zero ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ n
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:35,440 --> 00:01:40,180
59
+ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุจุณ modulo n ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุนู„ู‰
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:40,180 --> 00:01:45,140
63
+ ุงู„ n ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ n ุจุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† zeroุฅุฐุง ุฒุงุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:45,140 --> 00:01:48,820
67
+ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุฅุฐุง ุฒุงุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุตุจุญ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุง
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:48,820 --> 00:01:51,940
71
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุงุนุฏุงุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุนุฏุงุฏ ู„ูˆ ุฌู…ุนุชู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฏ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:51,940 --> 00:01:55,840
75
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฒุงุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูŠ ุฑู‚ู… ุงู† ุงุฌู…ุนู‡ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุงุนู†ุงุด
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:55,840 --> 00:02:01,280
79
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุฌู…ุนุช ุงูŠ ุนุฏุฏูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:01,280 --> 00:02:06,160
83
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ group a billion ู„ูˆ ุฌู…ุนุช ุงูŠ ุนุฏุฏูŠู† ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ุนุฏุฏ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:06,160 --> 00:02:14,750
87
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตุฏุฑุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:14,750 --> 00:02:19,270
91
+ associative ุจูŠู† ุฃูŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ู†ูุณ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:19,270 --> 00:02:23,770
95
+ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ู…ุดูƒู„ุชู†ุง ู…ุด ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุชู†ุง ู…ู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ identity
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:23,770 --> 00:02:28,530
99
+ element ุชุญุช ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงุนุฉุŸ ู…ู†ุŸ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:31,650 --> 00:02:36,090
103
+ ุจุฏูŠ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุฃูŠ ุนู†ุตุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:39,720 --> 00:02:45,260
107
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุจุชุนุจู‘ุฑ ุนู†ู‡ุง ZN ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูˆุจุชุญุท
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:45,260 --> 00:02:50,680
111
+ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฌุงู…ุน ูˆููŠ ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุชุดูˆู ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฌุงู…ุน ููŠ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:50,680 --> 00:02:55,280
115
+ ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ู…ูˆุฏูŠู„ู‡ N ู…ุดุงู†
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:55,280 --> 00:02:59,700
119
+ ูŠูุฑุฌูˆู‡ุง ูˆูŠู…ูŠุฒูˆุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:59,700 --> 00:03:06,440
123
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง Zero is the identity
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:11,970 --> 00:03:24,010
127
+ the inverse of k ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ z in z ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:24,010 --> 00:03:29,690
131
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุถูŠูู‡ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ูŠุทู„ุน zero ุงูˆ ูŠุทู„ุน in
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:29,690 --> 00:03:37,160
135
+ ุงู„ู‡ู…ูŠู† in minus ุงู„ kูŠุจู‚ู‰ the inverse of k ุงู„ู…ู† is
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:37,160 --> 00:03:42,080
139
+ n minus ุงู„k ู„ุฅู† ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฌู…ุนุฉ modulo n ู„ูˆ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:42,080 --> 00:03:46,260
143
+ ุฌู…ุนุชู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุทู„ุน in ุงู‡ู… ุงู„ in ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ zero
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:46,260 --> 00:03:51,360
147
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ identity element ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ูˆ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:51,360 --> 00:03:55,660
151
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุชุดูˆู ู‡ูŠ abelian ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฒูŠุงุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:55,660 --> 00:04:02,180
155
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุงุทูŠุจ ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุฃุชู‚ู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฃุชู‚ู„
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:04:02,180 --> 00:04:14,520
159
+ ุดูˆูŠุงุช ู…ุด ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ let ุงู„ UN be the set of all
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:04:14,520 --> 00:04:23,500
163
+ positive integers
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:23,500 --> 00:04:25,220
167
+ less than
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:27,620 --> 00:04:40,840
171
+ less than ุงู„ N less than ุงู„ N and relatively prime
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:40,840 --> 00:04:49,100
175
+ relatively prime to N then
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:49,100 --> 00:05:02,620
179
+ ุงู„ U N ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ U Nand the situ in is an
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:05:02,620 --> 00:05:11,000
183
+ abelian group under
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:05:11,000 --> 00:05:12,780
187
+ multiplication modulo n
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:05:46,170 --> 00:05:55,400
191
+ ุจุณุจุจ ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ุณุช UN ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ UNุŸุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ U N ู‡ูŠ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:05:55,400 --> 00:05:59,700
195
+ set of all positive integers ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:05:59,700 --> 00:06:05,620
199
+ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุดุฑุท ุชุงู†ูŠ less than N
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:06:05,620 --> 00:06:12,160
203
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ N ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช relatively prime
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:06:12,160 --> 00:06:18,500
207
+ ู…ุน N ุทุจ ูˆู‚ู ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ู…ูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:06:18,500 --> 00:06:25,220
211
+ ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ U ุฎู…ุณุฉุจุณ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุทุจ ูˆุงู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:06:25,220 --> 00:06:33,220
215
+ ูˆุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุงุนุฏุงุฏ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:06:33,220 --> 00:06:38,180
219
+ ูƒู„ู‡ู… are relatively prime to ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐูŠ mainly
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:06:38,180 --> 00:06:42,960
223
+ ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช you ุณุชุฉ you ุณุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:06:42,960 --> 00:06:47,580
227
+ ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ุบูŠุฑู‡ู… ุจุณ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ relatively prime ู„
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:06:47,580 --> 00:06:53,270
231
+ you ุณุชุฉ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒ you ุนุดุฑุฉ ู„ูƒ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏูˆุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:06:53,270 --> 00:06:58,870
235
+ ูˆุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุณุนุฉ ู…ุด ุบูŠุฑู‡ู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ U ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:06:58,870 --> 00:07:03,130
239
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู…ุนุทูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† relatively
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:07:03,130 --> 00:07:09,990
243
+ prime ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุฌุช ู„ูŠู‡ ุฎู…ุณุชุงุด ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:07:09,990 --> 00:07:15,010
247
+ ูˆุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:07:16,510 --> 00:07:22,530
251
+ ูˆุงู„ุชู…ู†ูŠุฉ ุชุณุนุฉ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุนุดุฑ ู„ุฃ ุงุญุฏุงุด ุงุชู†ุงุด ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุชู„ุชุงุด
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:07:22,530 --> 00:07:25,870
255
+ ู„ุฃ ุงุฑุจุนุชุงุด ู„ุฃ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุชู…ูŠู† ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู„ุชุงุด ูˆู‡ุง
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:07:25,870 --> 00:07:30,730
259
+ ูƒุฏู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุทู†
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:07:30,730 --> 00:07:34,390
263
+ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† relatively prime ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ูˆูƒู„ู‡ู…
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:07:34,390 --> 00:07:39,210
267
+ ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุจุงู„ูŠูˆู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:07:39,210 --> 00:07:44,400
271
+ ุงู„ุณุช ูŠูˆ ุงู… ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ operation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงGallery in
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:07:44,400 --> 00:07:49,040
275
+ the UN is an ability group under multiplication
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:07:49,040 --> 00:07:56,160
279
+ modulo M ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุถุฑุจ modulo N ูŠุนู†ูŠ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:07:56,160 --> 00:08:01,280
283
+ ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูˆ N ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุซุจุช ุฅู†ู‡
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:08:01,280 --> 00:08:07,920
287
+ ู‡ุฐูŠ group ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ group ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชุด ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐูŠ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:08:07,920 --> 00:08:14,220
291
+ binary operationุงู†ุฏุฑ ู…ุงู„ุชูู„ูŠูƒูŠุดู† ู…ูˆุฏูŠู„ูˆ ุงู† ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:08:14,220 --> 00:08:19,440
295
+ binary operation ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ UN ุงู… ู„ุง ู„ู… ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ูƒู†
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:08:19,440 --> 00:08:26,280
299
+ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฎุฏ ุนุฏุฏูŠู† ูˆุงุถุฑุจู‡ู… ููŠ ุจุนุถ ูˆุงุดูˆูู‡ู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:08:26,280 --> 00:08:31,940
303
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ modulo N ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง .. ุงู† ูƒุงู† ุทู„ุน ุงู„ remainder
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:08:31,940 --> 00:08:36,860
307
+ ุชุจุนู‡ู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ UN ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุชู… ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุŸ ุงู† ู…ุง ุทู„ุนุด
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:08:36,860 --> 00:08:41,880
311
+ ุจุตูŠุฑ ูƒู„ุงู…ู†ุง ู…ุด ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆููŠุด ุฏุงุนูŠ ุงุฑูˆุญ ู„ุจู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุฑูˆุท
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:08:41,880 --> 00:08:46,360
315
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุฅุฐุง ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุดูˆู ุงู„ condition ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:08:46,360 --> 00:08:51,480
319
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ binary operation ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฏูŠ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:08:51,480 --> 00:08:58,700
323
+ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงูุชุฑุถ ุฅู† ุงู„ A ูˆ ุงู„ B ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ UN ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:08:58,700 --> 00:09:03,620
327
+ ุฃุซุจุช ุฅู†ู‡ุง binary operation ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ุฅู† ุงู„ A B
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:09:03,620 --> 00:09:08,520
331
+ modulo N ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ UN ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงูŠุฒ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:09:08,520 --> 00:09:11,720
335
+ ุฃุซุจุชู‡ ูุจูƒูˆูŠุณ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ then
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:09:14,480 --> 00:09:19,740
339
+ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ division algorithm ุงุญู†ุง ุตุญุŸ division
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:09:19,740 --> 00:09:25,080
343
+ algorithm ูˆู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ู„ grasses common divisor ูŠุจู‚ู‰
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:09:25,080 --> 00:09:29,140
347
+ ุงู†ุง ุจุฑูˆุญ ุจุฎุชุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฎุฏู…ู†ูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:09:29,410 --> 00:09:34,290
351
+ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู‡ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ุด ู„ูƒ ุงู„ grace is common divisor ู„ ุงู„ a
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:09:34,290 --> 00:09:40,090
355
+ ูˆ ุงู„ n ู‚ุฏุงุด ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ elements
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:09:40,090 --> 00:09:45,870
359
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ are relatively prime to m ูŠุจู‚ู‰ and ูˆ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:09:45,870 --> 00:09:49,910
363
+ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ grace is common divisor ู„ ุงู„ b ูˆ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:09:49,910 --> 00:09:55,830
367
+ ุงู„ n ุจุชุณูˆูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุดุŸุฅุฐุงู‹ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:09:55,830 --> 00:10:03,030
371
+ ุตูŠุบุฉ linear combination ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ AS1 ุฒุงุฆุฏ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:10:03,030 --> 00:10:15,640
375
+ NT1 ุจุฏู„ ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุงู„ู€ B S2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ N T2 ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:10:15,640 --> 00:10:26,580
379
+ 1 ูˆู‡ุฐุง for some ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ S1 ูˆ S2 ูˆ T1 ูˆ T2 ูƒู„ู‡ุง
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:10:26,580 --> 00:10:29,880
383
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ 6 of integers
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:10:32,880 --> 00:10:38,280
387
+ ุทุจ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุญุตู„ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ a ููŠ b modulo n ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:10:38,280 --> 00:10:42,900
391
+ ููŠ ุงู„ UN ู…ุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุงุฑูˆุญ ุงุถุฑุจู‡ู… ููŠ ุจุนุถ ูˆ ุงุดูˆู
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:10:42,900 --> 00:10:47,860
395
+ ูƒุฏู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุงุถุฑุจู‡ู… ููŠ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:10:47,860 --> 00:10:54,400
399
+ ุจุนุถ ูุจุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ a s one ุฒุงุฆุฏ n t one
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:10:57,930 --> 00:11:05,290
403
+ ุจุณ2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ N ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏุทุจุนุง
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:11:05,290 --> 00:11:08,370
407
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุถุฑุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ููŠ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:11:08,370 --> 00:11:14,110
411
+ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ูู‰ ูƒุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุณูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง a
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:11:14,110 --> 00:11:20,570
415
+ b s one s two ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ element ู‡ุฐุง ุถุฑุจุชู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅุฐุง
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:11:20,570 --> 00:11:27,650
419
+ ุจุฏู‰ ุถุฑุจู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฒุงุฆุฏ n a s one t two
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:11:27,650 --> 00:11:36,460
423
+ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุถุฑุจ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู†ุงูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฒุงุฆุฏ n ููŠ main ููŠ T1 ููŠ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:11:36,460 --> 00:11:45,780
427
+ B ููŠ ุงู„ S2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ N ุชุฑุจูŠุน T1 T2 ูƒู„ู‡
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:11:45,780 --> 00:11:52,040
431
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณูˆู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ุงุธู† ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ hash N ุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:11:52,390 --> 00:11:58,730
435
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ a b ููŠ ุงู„ s one s two ุฒุงุฏ ุดูˆ ุฑุงูŠูƒ ู‡ุฏูˆู„
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:11:58,730 --> 00:12:04,490
439
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงู† ุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุงูŠู‡ ุดูˆ ุจูŠุธู„ ุนู†ุฏูƒ a s
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:12:04,490 --> 00:12:13,930
443
+ one t two ุฒุงุฆุฏ t one b s two ุฒุงุฆุฏ n t one t two
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:12:13,930 --> 00:12:20,810
447
+ ูƒู„ู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฅูŠุด ุชูุณูŠุฑูƒ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุจุงุฑุฉุŸ ุทู„ุน ุฃู†ุง
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:12:20,810 --> 00:12:25,270
451
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุฑู‚ู… ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง inูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ a,b ูˆ ุงู„ n are
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:12:25,270 --> 00:12:28,990
455
+ relatively prime ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง ุงูˆ ู„ุฌุฑูŠุณุณ common divisor
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:12:28,990 --> 00:12:34,390
459
+ ู„ู‡ู… ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู† ุงู„ุฌุฑูŠุณุณ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:12:34,390 --> 00:12:40,290
463
+ common divisor ู„ู„ a ูˆ ุงู„ b ูˆ ุงู„ n ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:12:40,290 --> 00:12:50,050
467
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุนุทูŠู„ูƒ ุงู† ุงู„ a,b and ุงู„ n are relatively
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:12:50,050 --> 00:12:57,000
471
+ primeู‡ุฐุง ุดูˆ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู† ุงู„ a ูˆ b
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:12:57,000 --> 00:13:04,440
475
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ un ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุถุฑุจ modulo n is a
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:13:04,440 --> 00:13:10,080
479
+ binary operation ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู† ุงู„ multi
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:13:10,080 --> 00:13:18,900
483
+ application modulo n is
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:13:18,900 --> 00:13:21,100
487
+ a binary
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:13:26,380 --> 00:13:31,700
491
+ Operation ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:13:31,700 --> 00:13:38,200
495
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุชู…ุฑู†ูŠ ุฏูƒ ููŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุนุฑูŠ check that
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:13:38,200 --> 00:13:47,540
499
+ this operation is associative
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:13:50,690 --> 00:13:57,810
503
+ on ุงู„ู€ UN ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆูƒุฐุจุช ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅูŠู‡ ููŠ B ููŠ C ุจุฏู‡
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:13:57,810 --> 00:14:04,130
507
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ B ูˆC ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู…ูŠู†
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:14:04,130 --> 00:14:10,930
511
+ ุงู„ identity element ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ group ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:14:10,930 --> 00:14:17,010
515
+ is the identity element
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:14:19,980 --> 00:14:26,980
519
+ ุดูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุถุงุฑุจุชู‡ ููŠ a modulo n ุจุทู„ุน ุงู„ a
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:14:26,980 --> 00:14:38,860
523
+ itself ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง because ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ a modulo n ุจุฏุฑ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:14:38,860 --> 00:14:46,240
527
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ a modulo n ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฑ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ a itself ู„ูƒู„
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:14:46,240 --> 00:14:48,680
531
+ ุงู„ a ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ UN
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:14:51,590 --> 00:15:00,510
535
+ ุทุจ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุจุฏ ุงู„ inverse the inverse of ุงูŠู‡
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:15:00,510 --> 00:15:07,130
539
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ U N is N
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:15:07,130 --> 00:15:13,070
543
+ ู…ูŠู† ู‚ุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงู‚ูˆู„ N ุฒุงุฆุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ N
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:15:13,070 --> 00:15:19,130
547
+ ูƒู„ู‡ ู…ุฌุณูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ N ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠู‡ ุทุจ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู†ุชุฌุฉ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:15:22,690 --> 00:15:27,290
551
+ ุทุจ ูƒูŠู ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนุงุฏูŠุŸ ุจุฑุง ุงู„ z ุฏู‡ ุฏู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆ ุตุจุทุชุด
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:15:27,290 --> 00:15:31,750
555
+ ู…ุนุงู†ุงุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุฑุง ุงู„ UN ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู„ูŠุณ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:15:31,750 --> 00:15:37,230
559
+ ุตุญูŠุญุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุชู‚ูˆู„ูƒ the inverse of L is X
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:15:37,230 --> 00:15:43,070
563
+ where X
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:15:43,070 --> 00:15:56,700
567
+ is the solution of the equationู‡ูˆ ุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ax
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:15:56,700 --> 00:16:04,260
571
+ modulo n ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:16:04,260 --> 00:16:10,160
575
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ identity element ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:16:10,160 --> 00:16:15,620
579
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ a ู…ู† ู‡ูŠ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ n ู…ู† ู‡ูŠ ุฅุฐุง
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:16:15,620 --> 00:16:20,390
583
+ ุนุฑูุช ุงู„ n ูˆุนุฑูุช ุงู„ a ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ x ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:16:20,390 --> 00:16:24,210
587
+ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุงุฑุช appealing group
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:16:24,210 --> 00:16:29,490
591
+ ู„ุงู†ู‡ุง ุญู‚ู‚ุช ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ุญู‚ู‚ุช ู„ู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุดุฑูˆุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุงุนุทูŠุชูƒ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:16:29,490 --> 00:16:34,970
595
+ ู…ุซุงู„ for example ุชูุถู„
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:16:34,970 --> 00:16:35,330
599
+ ู‚ูˆู„
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:16:39,840 --> 00:16:44,360
603
+ ุฃุญู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญู„ ุชุจุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:16:44,360 --> 00:16:50,200
607
+ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€A ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ุนู†ุตุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ ู‚ุฏ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:16:50,200 --> 00:16:57,260
611
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€A ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ ูˆู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุขุฎุฑ ูƒู…ุง ุณุฃุฑูŠูƒ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:16:57,260 --> 00:17:02,200
615
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุฅู† ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ group ู„ุงุฒู… ุบุตุจ ุนู† ูˆ ุนู† ู…ุง ุงุณู…ูƒ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:17:02,200 --> 00:17:09,400
619
+ ุฃู†ุช ู…ุงู‡ุฑ ู…ุงู‡ุฑ ุงูŠู‡ ุฎุฑูŠุณุบุตุจ ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ู‡ุฑ ูŠุฎู„ุต ู„ุงุฒู…
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:17:09,400 --> 00:17:12,940
623
+ ูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู„ู…ุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณ ุจุทู„ ูŠุตูŠุฑ group
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:17:12,940 --> 00:17:17,840
627
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ group ู„ุงุฒู… ูƒู„ ุนู†ุตุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ group ุงู„ู„ูŠ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:17:17,840 --> 00:17:22,800
631
+ ุฌูŠู‡ ู„ู‡ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุทูŠุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู†ุนุทูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ ุชูˆุถุญ ู„ูˆ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:17:22,800 --> 00:17:27,920
635
+ ุฃุฎุฏุช you ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ู…ุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฏุญูƒ ุฃู†ุช you ุฅูŠุด
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:17:27,920 --> 00:17:35,280
639
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุงุŸ you ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฏูŠ ูƒู… ุฑุดุฏุŸ you ุนุดุฑ ู…ุซู„ุงุŒ you
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:17:35,280 --> 00:17:44,420
643
+ ุนุดุฑุฉุนุดุฑูŠุด ุนู†ุงุตุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:17:44,420 --> 00:17:54,460
647
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชุณุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏูŠุด ุฅู„ุง
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:17:54,460 --> 00:18:01,250
651
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ identity elementูŠุจู‚ู‰
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:18:01,250 --> 00:18:07,290
655
+ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู„ู‡ modulo ุนุดุฑุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุดูˆู ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ูŠู† ู…ุนูƒูˆุณู‡ุง
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:18:07,290 --> 00:18:12,750
659
+ ู…ุงู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุถุฑู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ modulo ุนุดุฑุฉ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:18:12,750 --> 00:18:18,310
663
+ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:18:18,310 --> 00:18:22,670
667
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุดูŠู„ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุนุดุฑุชูŠู†ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ identity
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:18:22,670 --> 00:18:27,090
671
+ element ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ู‡ูŠ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:18:27,090 --> 00:18:34,070
675
+ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุฏู„ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ is the
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:18:34,070 --> 00:18:44,560
679
+ inverse element of ุณุจุนุฉุทุจ ุงู„ุชุณุนุฉ ู…ูŠู† ู…ุนูƒูˆุณุฉุŸ ู†ูุณู‡ุง
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:18:44,560 --> 00:18:49,620
683
+ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ุชุณุนุฉ ููŠ ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆ 8 ุนุดุฑุงุช ุจุธู„ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ identity
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:18:49,620 --> 00:19:02,500
687
+ element and ุชุณุนุฉ is the inverse of itself ูŠุจุฌู‰
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:19:02,500 --> 00:19:05,180
691
+ ุงู„ุชุณุนุฉ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ู„ู†ูุณู‡
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:19:10,080 --> 00:19:23,920
695
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฎุฑูŠุต ู„ู‚ูŠู†ุงู„ู‡ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง ุทุจุนุง
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:19:23,920 --> 00:19:29,500
699
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ group ุดุจุงุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุณู†ุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุดุบู„ ูƒุชูŠุฑ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:19:29,500 --> 00:19:35,320
703
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ group very important ุทูŠุจ ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ุขู†
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:19:35,320 --> 00:19:45,710
707
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุซุงู„ ุณุจุนุฉ ู…ุซุงู„ ุณุจุนุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:19:45,710 --> 00:19:55,490
711
+ the set ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ z ูˆ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุทุฑุญ of
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:19:55,490 --> 00:20:06,590
715
+ integers of integers under subtraction
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:20:10,490 --> 00:20:14,950
719
+ ู‡ู„ ูŠุง ุชุฑู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ group ูˆู„ุง ู…ุงู‡ูŠุงุด groupุŸ ุงู‡ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:20:14,950 --> 00:20:23,050
723
+ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฏุนูŠ is not a group because
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:20:27,790 --> 00:20:31,090
727
+ ุทุจุนุง ู„ูˆ ุทุฑุญุช ุงูŠ ุนู†ุตุฑ ู…ู† ุจุนุถ ุณูˆุงุก ุทุงู„ุน ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุฌู…ูŠู„
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:20:31,090 --> 00:20:35,370
731
+ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุงู„ู… ููŠู‡ุง ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ z ุฅุฐุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุทุฑุญ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:20:35,370 --> 00:20:39,250
735
+ ุนู„ู‰ z is a binary operation ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู†
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:20:39,250 --> 00:20:44,890
739
+ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ associative ุงู… ู„ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃุนู„ู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:20:44,890 --> 00:20:52,350
743
+ because if ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู„ุง ูˆุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:20:52,350 --> 00:21:04,340
747
+ z thenุฃู†ุง ุจุฏู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุนู†ุฏูƒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุณุจุนุฉ ุจุฏู‰
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:21:04,340 --> 00:21:08,340
751
+ ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ associativity ุฃุดูˆู ุฃุตุญูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:21:08,340 --> 00:21:13,420
755
+ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุณุจุนุฉ ู…ู‚ุฏุงุด ูŠุง
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:21:13,420 --> 00:21:19,180
759
+ ุดุจุงุจ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฒูŠุฏูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูŠุณูˆู‰ ู…ู‚ุฏุงุด
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:21:19,180 --> 00:21:27,320
763
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจุทูˆู„ูƒู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:21:27,320 --> 00:21:34,420
767
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุงู„ุจ ุณุจุนุฉ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:21:35,270 --> 00:21:39,810
771
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ุชุณุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:21:39,810 --> 00:21:46,390
775
+ associative ูˆู„ุง not associative ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู†ู‡
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:21:46,390 --> 00:21:57,210
779
+ subtraction ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุทุฑุญ is not associative ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:21:57,210 --> 00:22:04,380
783
+ ุฒุนู…ู†ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุงู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช groupุฅุฐุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุฃูˆ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:22:04,380 --> 00:22:11,260
787
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุชุญุช ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุทุฑุญ ู…ู‡ูŠุงุด group
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:22:11,260 --> 00:22:21,340
791
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุฑู‚ู… ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฅุฐุง set R star ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:22:21,340 --> 00:22:30,220
795
+ ุงู„ star ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ set R ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุดูŠู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:22:30,220 --> 00:22:44,300
799
+ zerosix star of non zero real numbers non
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:22:44,300 --> 00:22:56,160
803
+ zero real numbers is a group under the ordinary
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:23:00,560 --> 00:23:01,520
807
+ ุงู„ุณุจู‚
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:23:39,270 --> 00:23:45,230
811
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ set of real numbers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:23:45,230 --> 00:23:49,750
815
+ ุฃุดูŠู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ zero ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณู…ูŠู‡ุง R star ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:23:49,750 --> 00:23:55,450
819
+ ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุงุณุชุซู†ุช ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ zero ุนุฑูุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:23:55,450 --> 00:24:02,970
823
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ real numbers
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:24:03,810 --> 00:24:07,670
827
+ ุฃุถุฑุจ ุงูŠ two real numbers ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงูŠู‡ ุงุด ูˆู„ุง
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:24:07,670 --> 00:24:12,910
831
+ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ natural ุงุทู„ุน real ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:24:12,910 --> 00:24:16,370
835
+ ุงู† ุงู„ multiplication is a binary operation ุงุชู†ูŠู†
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:24:16,370 --> 00:24:22,470
839
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ is associative ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:24:22,470 --> 00:24:25,970
843
+ set of real numbers ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุจุฏ ุงู„
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:24:25,970 --> 00:24:31,290
847
+ identity element ูˆุจุฏ ุงู„ inverse element ูŠุจู‚ู‰
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:24:31,290 --> 00:24:39,780
851
+ becausewe know that ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู† ุงู„ multi
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:24:39,780 --> 00:24:50,540
855
+ application is a binary binary
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:24:50,540 --> 00:25:00,180
859
+ associative binary associative operation
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:25:09,630 --> 00:25:17,030
863
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุฏุฑุจ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ู‡ูˆ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:25:17,030 --> 00:25:30,340
867
+ ุงู„ู€ identity element of R starุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุนู†ุตุฑ A
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:25:30,340 --> 00:25:36,380
871
+ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ููŠ R ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ K ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ R ู…ูŠู† ู…ุนูƒูˆุณู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุŸ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:25:36,380 --> 00:25:40,640
875
+ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ุฌุฏุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู‚ู„ูˆุจู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุนูƒูˆุณู‡ ู„ุฃู† ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:25:40,640 --> 00:25:45,060
879
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุจุทู„ุน ู…ู†ุŸ ุงู„ identity element ูŠุจู‚ู‰
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:25:45,060 --> 00:25:57,010
883
+ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ the inverse element of Aุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ R
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:25:57,010 --> 00:26:06,330
887
+ star is ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠู‡ since ุฅูŠู‡ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจุฏู‡
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:26:06,330 --> 00:26:14,010
891
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทุจ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ู„ูŠุด ุงุณุชุจุนุฏ ุงู„ zeroุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:26:14,010 --> 00:26:18,610
895
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ zero ู…ุงู„ูˆุด ู…ุนูƒุณ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุชู‡ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุฑู‚ู… ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:26:18,610 --> 00:26:24,410
899
+ ูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:26:26,780 --> 00:26:39,060
903
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ุชุณุนุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุฌูŠ ุงู„to over R ุงู„general
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:26:39,060 --> 00:26:43,720
907
+ linear group of two by two matrices over R ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:26:43,720 --> 00:26:52,760
911
+ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุงุช A, B, C, D ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู† ุงู„ A ูˆุงู„B ูˆุงู„C ูˆุงู„D
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:26:52,760 --> 00:27:00,120
915
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ set of real numbers ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ A D
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:27:00,120 --> 00:27:03,820
919
+ ู†ู‚ุต B C ู„ุง ูŠุณูˆู‰ Zero
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:27:07,870 --> 00:27:13,870
923
+ under matrix multiplication
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:27:13,870 --> 00:27:24,050
927
+ is
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:27:24,050 --> 00:27:26,110
931
+ a group
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:27:41,310 --> 00:27:45,450
935
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ุฏุฑุณู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุจุฑ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุญูˆู๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ู„ู†ุธุงู…ู‡ุง
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:27:45,450 --> 00:27:49,590
939
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุจุฌูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุตููŠู† ูˆ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠู† ูŠุจุฌูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:27:49,590 --> 00:27:54,490
943
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุญูˆูุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ู†ุธุงู…ู‡ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูˆ ุงู„ size
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:27:54,490 --> 00:27:59,350
947
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุด ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:27:59,770 --> 00:28:02,750
951
+ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูŠุฏู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุตููˆู ูˆุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:28:02,750 --> 00:28:07,670
955
+ ูŠุฏู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุฏุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู‰ ุฃุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ general
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:28:07,670 --> 00:28:13,130
959
+ linear group of two by two matrices over R ู‡ูƒุฐุง
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:28:13,130 --> 00:28:19,790
963
+ ุชู‚ุฑุฃ general linear group of two by two matrices
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:28:19,790 --> 00:28:25,210
967
+ over R ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู†ุง ู…ู‡ู…ู†ูŠุด ุงู„ุชุณู…ุฉ ุจู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:28:25,210 --> 00:28:29,930
971
+ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุตููุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุธุงู…ู‡ุง
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:28:29,930 --> 00:28:34,550
975
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ elements ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุตููุฉ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:28:34,550 --> 00:28:39,150
979
+ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† zero ูˆู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:28:39,150 --> 00:28:43,830
983
+ ู†ุต ูˆู„ุง ุชู„ุชุจุน ูˆู„ุง ุงูŠ ุฑู‚ู… ุณุงู„ุจ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ุงุนู†ุงุด
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:28:43,830 --> 00:28:49,660
987
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉAnd ูˆ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ A D ู†ุงู‚ุต B C ู„ูŠุณูˆุง Zero
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:28:49,660 --> 00:28:56,420
991
+ ุงุชุทู„ุนู„ูŠ A D ู†ุงู‚ุต B C ุดูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุชุจุน
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:28:56,420 --> 00:29:01,520
995
+ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ู„ูŠุณูˆุง Zero ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุญู†ุง ูƒู„
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:29:01,520 --> 00:29:09,580
999
+ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุงุตุฑู‡ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฃุนุฏุงุฏุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:29:09,580 --> 00:29:14,760
1003
+ ูˆู…ุญุฏุฏุงุชู‡ุง ู„ุงุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃุณูุงุฑุง ุนุฑูุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุถุฑุจ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:29:14,760 --> 00:29:19,780
1007
+ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ุตุญูุงุช under matrix multiplication
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:29:19,780 --> 00:29:25,840
1011
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ู…ุตุญูุงุช ุจุฏุนูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง is a group
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:29:25,840 --> 00:29:30,220
1015
+ ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ุฌุจุฑ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠ ุงุธู† ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ุชู„ุช ู…ุตุญูุงุช
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:29:30,220 --> 00:29:34,820
1019
+ associative ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ุถุฑุจ ู…ุตุญูุชูŠู† ู†ุธุงู…ู‡ู…
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:29:34,820 --> 00:29:38,390
1023
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชุทู„ุน ู…ุตุญู ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุงุฑุจุนุฉูˆ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:29:38,390 --> 00:29:42,650
1027
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงุฐุง
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:29:42,650 --> 00:29:48,610
1031
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ู…ุตุทูุงุช is a binary operation ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:29:48,610 --> 00:29:55,150
1035
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ู‰ we know that ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุจุฑ ุงู„ุฎุงุทุฆ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:29:55,150 --> 00:30:04,170
1039
+ we know from linear algebra that
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:30:08,510 --> 00:30:16,590
1043
+ matrix multiplication is
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:30:16,590 --> 00:30:25,210
1047
+ an associative binary
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:30:25,210 --> 00:30:28,390
1051
+ operation
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:30:28,390 --> 00:30:33,050
1055
+ on
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:30:45,410 --> 00:30:53,190
1059
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ identity element
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:30:55,420 --> 00:31:00,180
1063
+ In the general linear group of two by two matrices
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:31:00,180 --> 00:31:06,100
1067
+ over R, which is 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:31:06,100 --> 00:31:14,820
1071
+ ,000,000,000,000,000
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:31:14,820 --> 00:31:16,120
1075
+ ,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:31:16,120 --> 00:31:17,440
1079
+ ,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:31:17,440 --> 00:31:18,320
1083
+ ,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:31:18,320 --> 00:31:20,040
1087
+ ,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:31:42,710 --> 00:31:48,570
1091
+ ุจู†ุจุฏู„ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ูˆุจู†ุบูŠุฑ ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ุนู†ุงุตุฑ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:31:48,570 --> 00:31:58,290
1095
+ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุง ุฏูŠ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุจูŠ ุณูŠ ููŠ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:31:58,290 --> 00:32:04,650
1099
+ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฏูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุงู„ ุง ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ุจู†ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ ุง
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:32:04,650 --> 00:32:11,070
1103
+ ูˆุงู„ ุฏ ู…ูƒุงู† ุจุนุถ ูˆุจู†ุบูŠุฑ ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠู†
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:32:13,760 --> 00:32:19,640
1107
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุตุงุฑุช ู‡ุฐู‡ group ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ is it abelian
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:32:19,640 --> 00:32:26,900
1111
+ group ุงูŠูˆุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ general linear group of two
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:32:26,900 --> 00:32:39,500
1115
+ by two matrices is not abelian because ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู† ุงู„
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:32:39,500 --> 00:32:48,980
1119
+ a bู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ BA ูˆุงู„A ูˆุงู„B ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ general
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:32:48,980 --> 00:32:53,380
1123
+ linear group of two by two matrices over R ุฏูŠุฑ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:32:53,380 --> 00:32:59,720
1127
+ ุจุงู„ูƒ ู…ุง ูƒุชุจุชุด for all A ูˆB ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู† ูŠูˆุตู ุจูŠุญุตู„
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:32:59,720 --> 00:33:03,380
1131
+ ุฃุญูŠุงู† ูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ A ููŠ B ูˆูŠุณูˆูŠ ุงู„ B ููŠ ุงู„ A ู„ูƒู† ู…ุด
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:33:03,380 --> 00:33:07,340
1135
+ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุญุงู„ุฉ ุญุงู„ุชูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจูŠุดุฏูˆุง ุนู†
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:33:07,340 --> 00:33:12,170
1139
+ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ general ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงู„ู‡ู…ุด ุตุญูŠุญ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:33:12,170 --> 00:33:17,530
1143
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠ ูุนู„ุง ูˆู…ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุงุดุชุบู„ู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:33:17,530 --> 00:33:22,090
1147
+ linear algebra ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ group ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† non
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:33:22,090 --> 00:33:26,850
1151
+ abelian group ุชู…ุงู… ูˆ ุงู„ identity element ุนุฑูู†ุง
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:33:26,850 --> 00:33:37,290
1155
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ูŠุง ุฌุจุงุจ ุงูŠู‡
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:33:37,290 --> 00:33:38,730
1159
+ ุจูŠู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุณุชูˆูŠ ุจูŠู‡
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:33:41,490 --> 00:33:49,370
1163
+ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนุงู„ู‰ ุงูŠ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:33:49,370 --> 00:33:53,030
1167
+ ุฏูŠ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุจูŠ ุณูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุทุจุนุง
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:34:01,350 --> 00:34:06,390
1171
+ ุฃู†ุง ูƒุงู† ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ matrix is an
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:34:06,390 --> 00:34:11,050
1175
+ associative binary operation ุงู„ binary operation
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:34:11,050 --> 00:34:15,270
1179
+ ูƒุงู† ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู„ูƒ ูƒุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุดุฑุท ุฅู†
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:34:15,270 --> 00:34:20,970
1183
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ zero ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ู…ุตูุชูŠู†
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:34:20,970 --> 00:34:26,980
1187
+ ู…ุญุฏุฏู‡ู… ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ zeroู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุชู‡ู… ููŠ ุจุนุถ ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:34:26,980 --> 00:34:29,740
1191
+ ุชุจุนู‡ู… ูˆ ุฏูŠ ูŠุทู„ุน ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:34:29,740 --> 00:34:33,220
1195
+ determinant ู„ู„ A ููŠ ุงู„ B ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ determinant ู„ู„ A
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:34:33,220 --> 00:34:37,740
1199
+ ููŠ ุงู„ determinant ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุงู† ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ู‡ุง ู‡ุง
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:34:37,740 --> 00:34:41,450
1203
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ binary operation ุฃู‚ูˆู„ูƒุงู† ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:34:41,450 --> 00:34:48,010
1207
+ determinant ู„ู€A ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 0 ูˆ ุงู„ determinant ู„ู€B ู„ุง
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:34:48,010 --> 00:34:52,750
1211
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 0 ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ condition ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู…ุงุทูŠู†ูŠุง
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:34:52,750 --> 00:34:59,350
1215
+ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ determinant ู„ู„ู€A ููŠ ุงู„ู€B ุญุณุจ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:34:59,350 --> 00:35:02,570
1219
+ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ linear algebra ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:35:02,570 --> 00:35:07,170
1223
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ linear algebra ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:35:07,170 --> 00:35:14,630
1227
+ determinantู„ู„ู€ F determinant ู„ู„ู€ B ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:35:14,630 --> 00:35:20,110
1231
+ ูƒู„ู‡ ู…ุงู„ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Zero ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุญุตู„ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:35:20,110 --> 00:35:23,530
1235
+ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ U ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุงุฑุช binary
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:35:23,530 --> 00:35:26,990
1239
+ operation ูˆ ู„ุง associative ูŠุงู… ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:35:26,990 --> 00:35:33,650
1243
+ ูˆ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุจุฑ ุงู„ุฎุงุทูŠ ุทูŠุจ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ูŠุฌูŠ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:35:33,650 --> 00:35:39,030
1247
+ ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉู…ู† ุงู„ general linear group ู‡ุฐู‡
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:35:39,030 --> 00:35:44,270
1251
+ ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 0 ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 1 ุตุญูŠุญ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:35:44,270 --> 00:35:48,370
1255
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ special linear group of two by two
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:35:48,370 --> 00:35:53,430
1259
+ matrices over R ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนูŠู†
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:35:53,430 --> 00:35:57,850
1263
+ ุงู„ุฌุจุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:36:10,900 --> 00:36:19,600
1267
+ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุนุดุฑุฉ the set ุงู„ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ special linear a group
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:36:19,600 --> 00:36:26,860
1271
+ of two by two matrices over R ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุตููุงุช
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:36:26,860 --> 00:36:33,580
1275
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง a,b,c,d ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู† ุงู„ a ูˆ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:36:33,580 --> 00:36:43,020
1279
+ ุงู„ b ูˆ ุงู„ c ูˆ ุงู„ d ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ Q ุฃูˆ ุงู„
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:36:43,020 --> 00:37:01,080
1283
+ R ุฃูˆ ุงู„ C or ZP or ZP and ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช and
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:37:03,500 --> 00:37:17,060
1287
+ ุงู„ู€ and ุงู„ a d ู†ู‚ุต ุจูŠ ุณูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:37:17,060 --> 00:37:32,400
1291
+ is called the special linear a group of degree
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:37:34,480 --> 00:37:42,220
1295
+ of degree two over a ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏูŠ ุจุฏู„ ู…ูƒุงู†ุฉ general ู‡ู†ุง
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:37:42,220 --> 00:37:47,720
1299
+ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง special ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:37:47,720 --> 00:37:57,140
1303
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุง ู„ู‡ุง is ู‡ุฐู‡ a group under matrix
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:37:57,140 --> 00:37:59,100
1307
+ multiplication
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:38:11,310 --> 00:38:17,870
1311
+ ุทูŠุจ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ู†ุชูู‡ู… ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ general ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ุง ุจุณ ุนู„ู‰
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:38:17,870 --> 00:38:23,330
1315
+ set of real numbers ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ูƒุงุชุจุŸ ูƒุงุชุจ ุงู„ elements
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:38:23,330 --> 00:38:28,470
1319
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง rational number ูˆ ู…ู…๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:38:28,470 --> 00:38:32,470
1323
+ real number ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง complex number ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:38:32,470 --> 00:38:39,290
1327
+ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ZP ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ P is prime ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ P ู‡ุฐุง ุดุจุงุจ ู‡ุฐุง
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:38:39,290 --> 00:38:46,600
1331
+ primeูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุฎุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู…ู† ุฒุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ู…ู† ุฒุฏ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:38:46,600 --> 00:38:51,020
1335
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ู…ู† ุฒุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ู…ู† ุฒุฏ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ู…ู† ุฒุฏ ุงุญุฏุงุด ูˆ ู…ู†
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:38:51,020 --> 00:38:58,440
1339
+ ุฒุฏ ุชู„ุชุงุด ู„ูƒู† ุจุงุฎุฏู‡ู…ุด ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุจุงุฎุฏู‡ู…ุด ู…ู† z6 ุจุงุฎุฏู‡ู…ุด
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:38:58,440 --> 00:39:03,800
1343
+ ู…ู† z8 ุจุงุฎุฏู‡ู…ุด ู…ู† z9 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุดุฑุทู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ zp prime ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:39:03,800 --> 00:39:09,340
1347
+ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงุฎุฑ ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุตููˆูุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตููˆูุงุช
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:39:09,340 --> 00:39:14,260
1351
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ Q ุจุณ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:39:14,260 --> 00:39:18,740
1355
+ zero ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ real numbers ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ู„ุง
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:39:18,740 --> 00:39:21,360
1359
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ zero ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ complex numbers
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:39:21,670 --> 00:39:26,050
1363
+ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Zero ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ ZP ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:39:26,050 --> 00:39:30,510
1367
+ ู…ุงู„ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Zero ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ real
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:39:30,510 --> 00:39:34,670
1371
+ number ุจุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:39:34,670 --> 00:39:39,030
1375
+ ุฌุจู„ู‡ ุงู„ identity element ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ Zero Zero ูˆุงุญุฏ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:39:39,030 --> 00:39:44,570
1379
+ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:39:44,570 --> 00:39:49,450
1383
+ ุงูŠุด ุจุตูŠุฑุŸ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:39:49,450 --> 00:40:01,580
1387
+ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุงุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ matrix
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:40:01,580 --> 00:40:05,060
1391
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:40:05,060 --> 00:40:14,360
1395
+ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒูŠุฑูˆ ุฒูŠุฑูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ is the identity element
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:40:16,350 --> 00:40:21,410
1399
+ In the special linear group of two by two matrices
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:40:21,410 --> 00:40:31,730
1403
+ over R The inverse of ุงู„ู€ A ูˆุงู„ู€ B ูˆุงู„ู€ C ูˆุงู„ู€ D
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:40:31,730 --> 00:40:36,070
1407
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ general linear group of two by
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:40:36,070 --> 00:40:41,490
1411
+ two ุงู„ special linear group of two by two matrices
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:40:59,540 --> 00:41:07,060
1415
+ ู…ุง ูŠู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ RูŠู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ special linear of two
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:41:07,060 --> 00:41:14,180
1419
+ by two matrices over q ูˆ over c ูˆ over zp ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:41:14,180 --> 00:41:25,700
1423
+ this is a true for ุงู„ general for ุงู„ specialุงู„ู€
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:41:25,700 --> 00:41:32,940
1427
+ Special Linear Group of 2x2 matrices over Q ูˆุงู„ู€
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:41:32,940 --> 00:41:39,580
1431
+ Special Linear Group of 2x2 matrices over C ูˆุงู„ู€
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:41:39,580 --> 00:41:46,480
1435
+ Special Linear Group of 2x2 matrices over ZT
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:41:48,480 --> 00:41:53,700
1439
+ ุฃุธู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุจุณู‡ู„ุงุช ุงู„ุญุณุงุจุงุช ู„ูƒู† ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ู†ุญุณุจ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:41:53,700 --> 00:42:01,380
1443
+ ู„ูƒ ุดุบู„ุฉ ุฒู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ุนุทูŠูƒ ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ zp ูˆู†ุดูˆู ุงูŠุด
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:42:01,380 --> 00:42:10,100
1447
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุญุตู„ for example consider
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:42:13,480 --> 00:42:26,520
1451
+ ุฒุฏ ุจูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฒุฏ ูุงูŠู ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:42:26,520 --> 00:42:33,500
1455
+ then ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุบุฑุถ ูˆุงุญุฏ zero zero ูˆุงุญุฏ is the
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:42:33,500 --> 00:42:40,020
1459
+ identity element
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:42:42,350 --> 00:42:46,330
1463
+ ุทุจ ุจู†ูุน ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ุฒุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:42:46,330 --> 00:42:54,070
1467
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุจู†ูุนุŸ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:42:54,070 --> 00:43:00,710
1471
+ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุฒุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุนุงูƒ ู…ู† zero ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:43:00,710 --> 00:43:06,090
1475
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู†ู‡ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:43:06,090 --> 00:43:13,020
1479
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ zeroูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ุชุจู‚ู‰ zero
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:43:13,020 --> 00:43:17,820
1483
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูู‚ุท ู„ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุง ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ู‡ุงูŠ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:43:17,820 --> 00:43:23,220
1487
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุชุจุนู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒุฏู‡ ู…ุดุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:43:23,220 --> 00:43:27,000
1491
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ุงู…ู‡ุง ุตุญูŠุญ ุทูŠุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ identity
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:43:27,000 --> 00:43:30,460
1495
+ element ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ group ู‡ุฐูŠ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:43:34,350 --> 00:43:49,710
1499
+ the inverse of a b c d is ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ d a ู†ุงู‚ุต b ูˆ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:43:49,710 --> 00:44:00,380
1503
+ ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุงู‚ุต cู†ุนุทูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนุฏุฏูŠ ุบุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ุตููˆูุฉ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:44:00,380 --> 00:44:05,360
1507
+ ุนู†ุงุตุฑู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฒุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆู†ุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฌุจู„ู‡ุง ู…ู†
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:44:05,360 --> 00:44:07,260
1511
+ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:44:26,010 --> 00:44:34,470
1515
+ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:44:34,470 --> 00:44:38,230
1519
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุฏุฃ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:44:38,230 --> 00:44:46,270
1523
+ ุงุดูˆู ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ special linear
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:44:46,270 --> 00:44:51,030
1527
+ group ู‡ุฐูŠ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงุฎุฑุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:44:51,030 --> 00:44:54,970
1531
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ Z ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ุธุจูˆุท
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:44:54,970 --> 00:45:01,770
1535
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู… ู„ุง ู…ุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:45:01,770 --> 00:45:11,410
1539
+ ุจุฏูŠ determinant ู„ู„ A ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:45:11,410 --> 00:45:16,830
1543
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:45:19,400 --> 00:45:24,280
1547
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุจุฏูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุงุทู† ุนุดุฑ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:45:24,280 --> 00:45:33,440
1551
+ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุณุช ุนุดุฑ ู…ุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:45:33,440 --> 00:45:40,100
1555
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ุงู‚ุต ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูˆ ุถูุช ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:45:40,100 --> 00:45:46,890
1559
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจุทู„ุน ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุทู„ุน ูˆุงุญุฏ module
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:45:46,890 --> 00:45:51,870
1563
+ ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูˆุงุญุฏูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุดุจุงุจ ุงู„
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:45:51,870 --> 00:45:56,350
1567
+ determinant ู„ุฅูŠู‡ ุณูˆุง ุฅูŠู‡ ุณูˆุง ุงุญุฏ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ุตุญูˆูุฉ
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:45:56,350 --> 00:46:03,790
1571
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุตุญูˆูุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:46:03,790 --> 00:46:09,490
1575
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ belongs ู„ู„ special linear group of two
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:46:09,490 --> 00:46:17,130
1579
+ by two matrices over z five ุทูŠุจ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:46:17,130 --> 00:46:29,770
1583
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุงู† the inverse matrix of ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:46:29,770 --> 00:46:37,010
1587
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ is ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:46:37,010 --> 00:46:42,110
1591
+ ุจู†ู‚ุณู… ุดุนู„ูŠู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุจุตูŠุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:46:42,110 --> 00:46:48,210
1595
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุฏู„ู†ุง ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุจุนุถุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู‚ุทุฑ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:46:48,210 --> 00:46:56,850
1599
+ ุงู„ุซุฑูˆุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุŸ ุจุงู„ุตุงู„ุจ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุทูŠุจ
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:46:56,850 --> 00:47:02,290
1603
+ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู„ุจุนุถูƒ ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู„ู‡ ุทุจ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุงุทู…ุงุด
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:47:02,630 --> 00:47:09,590
1607
+ ู†ุงู‚ุต 16 ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู†ุงู‚ุต 4 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทูŠุจ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฌูŠุจู‡ุง
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:47:09,590 --> 00:47:15,470
1611
+ ู„ูƒ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงุฎุฑู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ูˆู„ุชู„ูƒ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:47:15,470 --> 00:47:20,550
1615
+ ู„ุงู† ู‡ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ ZP ูุด ููŠู‡ุง ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุณุงู„ุจ
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:47:20,550 --> 00:47:25,790
1619
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉุฒุฏ P ุชุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ูˆุงู†ุฏูŠ Zero ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ P
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:47:25,790 --> 00:47:29,950
1623
+ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุงู†ุดูŠูุงุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ ุทุจ ูˆ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒูŠู
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:47:29,950 --> 00:47:35,510
1627
+ ุฌุจุชู‡ ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุญูˆู„ู‡ ุงู„ู‰
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:47:35,510 --> 00:47:40,730
1631
+ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุจุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุงู†ุง ุฒุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:47:40,730 --> 00:47:46,570
1635
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฑูˆุญ ุงุถูŠู ุฎู…ุณุฉ
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:47:46,570 --> 00:47:51,810
1639
+ ู„ู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุฑุจุน ุจุทู„ุน ู‚ุฏุงุดูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:47:51,810 --> 00:47:57,590
1643
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:47:59,780 --> 00:48:06,160
1647
+ ุงู†ุง ุงุฏุนูŠ ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุนูƒูˆุซ ู…ู†ุŸ ู…ุนูƒูˆุซ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:48:06,160 --> 00:48:11,920
1651
+ ุงู„ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู„ุงู… ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุชู‡ุง ู…ู†
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:48:11,920 --> 00:48:16,400
1655
+ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุงูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู†ุŸ ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:48:16,400 --> 00:48:20,540
1659
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ูƒุŒ ุงูŠ ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุชุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:48:20,540 --> 00:48:23,520
1663
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ especially ุจู‚ูŠุช ุนุงู…ู„ู‡ุง ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:48:23,830 --> 00:48:26,990
1667
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ู…ุด ุฌุงูŠุจู‡ุง ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู†ู…ุง ู…ุด ู‡ู†ุนู„ู…ูƒ
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:48:26,990 --> 00:48:33,550
1671
+ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจุงุช ููŠ ZP ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฌูŠุจ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:48:33,550 --> 00:48:38,830
1675
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ู† ZP ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชุถุงุฑุจ
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:48:38,830 --> 00:48:45,210
1679
+ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุชู‚ูŠุฏ ุจุฎุงุตุฉ ZP ูˆุดุฑูˆุท ุงู„
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:48:45,210 --> 00:48:48,590
1683
+ special linear group ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ุงู†
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:48:48,590 --> 00:48:56,450
1687
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:48:56,450 --> 00:48:59,950
1691
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงุฐุง ู…ุง ุทู„ุนุด ู…ุตู…ู… ุชู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุตูŠุฑ ูƒู„ุงู…ูŠ
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:48:59,950 --> 00:49:07,160
1695
+ ุบู„ุทุฃุซู†ูŠู† ุงู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุงุฏุนูŠ ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:49:07,160 --> 00:49:12,240
1699
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุทู„ุน ุฏูˆู„ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุช ููŠ Z ููŠู‡
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:49:12,240 --> 00:49:15,760
1703
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒู„ู‡ู…
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:49:15,760 --> 00:49:21,520
1707
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ Z ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู„ู‡ ู…ู† Z ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:49:21,520 --> 00:49:26,560
1711
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู‚ูˆู„ it was ูƒุฐุง because ู„ูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:49:26,560 --> 00:49:32,280
1715
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุญุณุจุช ุนู…ู„ูŠุง ุจุณ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุซุจุชู‡ุง ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:49:32,280 --> 00:49:35,560
1719
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:49:35,560 --> 00:49:37,500
1723
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:49:37,500 --> 00:49:38,180
1727
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:49:38,180 --> 00:49:41,000
1731
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:49:41,000 --> 00:49:43,560
1735
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:49:43,560 --> 00:49:44,860
1739
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:49:44,860 --> 00:49:45,360
1743
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:49:45,360 --> 00:49:51,580
1747
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:49:53,510 --> 00:49:57,510
1751
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุงุฑุจุน ููŠ
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:49:57,510 --> 00:50:03,870
1755
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุงุทู†ุงุด ุงุชู†ุงุด ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฎู…ุณุชุงุด ุงุฑุจุน ููŠ ุงุฑุจุน
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:50:03,870 --> 00:50:11,870
1759
+ ุจุณุชุงุด ูˆุงุฑุจุน ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุงู† ุงุฑุจุน ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุงุฑุจุน ูˆุงุฑุจุน ููŠ
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:50:11,870 --> 00:50:18,250
1763
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุงุทู†ุงุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุณุชุงุด ู„ูƒู† ุงู†ุง ุจุฏู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:50:18,250 --> 00:50:24,590
1767
+ ู…ุฏูŠู„ู‡ ุฎู…ุณุฉู…ูˆุฏูŠูˆู„ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒูŠุฑูˆ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุฒูŠุฑูˆ
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:50:24,590 --> 00:50:30,610
1771
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ identity matrix ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูุนู„ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:50:30,610 --> 00:50:35,490
1775
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ูˆู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:50:35,490 --> 00:50:39,310
1779
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจุงุช ููŠ ุฒุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ุฒุฏ ุณุจุนุฉ ููŠ
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:50:39,310 --> 00:50:45,240
1783
+ ุฒุฏ ุฃุญุฏ ุนุดุงู† ุจุฏูƒ ุชุญุณุจ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงู„ุงุฒู„ู†ุง
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:50:45,240 --> 00:50:50,920
1787
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ู…ุน ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ Legros
1788
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwZKOpj354PRgwYPWWgxchnI/Qh2nKxpZzJc.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1847 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,090 --> 00:00:25,950
3
+ ุฃุญู†ุง ูˆุงุตู„ูˆู† ู…ุง ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุญู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:25,950 --> 00:00:30,570
7
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุจุชุฑ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงูƒุณุชุงู†ุงุฏุงุฑูƒุช ุจุฑูˆุฏุฑูƒ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:30,570 --> 00:00:35,110
11
+ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ุณุคุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุจู‚ูˆู„ express automorphism
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:35,110 --> 00:00:40,070
15
+ ู„ู€ U ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† in the form ZM ุงูƒุณุชุงู†ุงุฏุงุฑูƒุช ุจุฑูˆุฏุฑูƒ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:40,070 --> 00:00:41,390
19
+ ู…ุน ZN
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:43,960 --> 00:00:48,680
23
+ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุฌุฑูˆุจ ู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุจู‚ู‰ isomorphic
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:48,680 --> 00:00:54,060
27
+ ู„ู…ุงู… ู„ู€ U ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุทุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ U ุฎู…ุณุฉ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:54,060 --> 00:00:59,680
31
+ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† solution ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:59,680 --> 00:01:07,500
35
+ ุงู„ู€ U ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ U ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ุดูƒู„
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:07,500 --> 00:01:16,670
39
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ isomorphic ุฃูˆ ุงู„ atomorphism ู„ู€ U
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:16,670 --> 00:01:23,730
43
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ U ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุทุจุนุงู‹
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:23,730 --> 00:01:32,770
47
+ ุฃุฎุฐุช ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ U ู…ุฑููˆุนุฉ ู„ู€ prime P ูˆู…ุฑููˆุนุฉ ู„ุฃุณ N
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:32,770 --> 00:01:39,550
51
+ U P ุฃุณ N ู†ุงู‚ุต P ุฃุณ N minus ุงู„ one ูƒุชุจู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ุนูƒู…
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:39,550 --> 00:01:45,390
55
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ููŠ ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุชุฌุฏู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุนูƒ ู†ุญุงูˆู„
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:45,390 --> 00:01:50,950
59
+ ู†ุทุจู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:50,950 --> 00:01:55,330
63
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูŠูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ูƒุชุจู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆู„
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:55,330 --> 00:01:58,070
67
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ isomorphic ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:02:02,510 --> 00:02:09,870
71
+ Isomorphic ู„ุฒุฏ P ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู†ุงู‚ุต ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃุณ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:02:09,870 --> 00:02:14,390
75
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:14,390 --> 00:02:19,790
79
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุชุฑุงุจูŠุน ู„ูŠู‡ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:19,790 --> 00:02:27,090
83
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุณูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฒุฏ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:27,090 --> 00:02:31,710
87
+ ู‡ุฐุง U ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฃู†ุง ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ U ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจุฏูŠ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:31,710 --> 00:02:38,540
91
+ ุงุชูˆู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… ู„ู€ U ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฅุฐุง ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ atomorphism
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:38,540 --> 00:02:47,580
95
+ ู„ู€ U ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ isomorphic ู„ู…ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:47,580 --> 00:02:54,750
99
+ atomorphism ู„ู€ Z ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:54,750 --> 00:03:03,470
103
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุงุชูˆู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… ู„ู€ ZN ุงูŠุฒูˆ ู…ูˆุฑููƒ ู„ู€ UN
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:03:03,470 --> 00:03:10,830
107
+ ุดุจุทุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ ุขุฎุฑ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุฒูˆ ู…ูˆุฑููƒ ู„ู€ U20
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:03:11,920 --> 00:03:19,120
111
+ U20 ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ U ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:03:19,120 --> 00:03:25,440
115
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ are relatively prime ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:03:25,440 --> 00:03:34,070
119
+ isomorphic ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ isomorphic ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฏู‰ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:34,070 --> 00:03:39,990
123
+ ุฃูˆ isomorphic ุฏูุบุฑูŠ ู„ู…ู‡ู… ู„ู€ U ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ external
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:39,990 --> 00:03:49,530
127
+ product ู…ุน U ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู€ U ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ุฏู‰ U ุงุซู†ูŠู†
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:49,530 --> 00:03:58,130
131
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุนู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุงู‡ุง ุงูŠุฒูˆ ู…ูˆุฑููƒ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ุฒุฏ ุฏูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:58,130 --> 00:04:03,170
135
+ ุจุชุทุจู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุจู‚ู†ุงู‡ุง ููˆู‚ ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:04:03,170 --> 00:04:10,730
139
+ ุจุงู„ุฏุงุฌูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุฒุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃุณ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃุณ ูˆุงุญุฏ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:04:10,730 --> 00:04:17,180
143
+ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฒุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† external by
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:04:17,180 --> 00:04:22,880
147
+ product ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุตูุฑ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุตูุฑ ุฃุจูˆุงุญุฏ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:04:22,880 --> 00:04:29,420
151
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฒุฏ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฒุฏ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู‡
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:04:29,420 --> 00:04:35,300
155
+ ุฒุฏ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฒุฏ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฃู† ุงู„
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:04:35,300 --> 00:04:41,050
159
+ atomorphism ู„ูŠู‡ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† isomorphic ู„ู…ู‡ู… ู„ุฒุฏ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:04:41,050 --> 00:04:45,490
163
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† external product ุฒุฏ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:45,490 --> 00:04:50,030
167
+ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ atomorphism ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ U ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ U
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:50,030 --> 00:04:54,910
171
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุงุชุณู„ ุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ุดูƒู„ู‡ู… ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ ุงูƒุชุจู„ูŠ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:54,910 --> 00:05:01,170
175
+ ุงู„ atomorphism ู„ู€ U ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ZM ููŠ ZN
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:05:01,170 --> 00:05:05,310
179
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุชุจุชู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:05:05,310 --> 00:05:08,130
183
+ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:05:10,010 --> 00:05:20,890
187
+ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ 46 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ 46 ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:05:20,890 --> 00:05:28,510
191
+ ู‡ุงุชู„ูŠ isomorphism ุจุฏู†ุง isomorphism ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ู„ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:05:28,510 --> 00:05:34,770
195
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ group Z12 ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:05:37,910 --> 00:05:46,330
199
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุฃุฑุจุน ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฒ ุฃุฑุจุน ููŠ ุฒ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฒ ุฃุฑุจุน
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:05:46,330 --> 00:05:52,270
203
+ ูƒุณุชูŠู†ูˆ ุฏุงูŠูƒุง product ู…ุน ุฒ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ุน ุฒ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:52,270 --> 00:05:56,740
207
+ ุนุฑู ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ isomorphism ู…ู† ุงู„ group ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู„
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:56,740 --> 00:06:01,240
211
+ group ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุจุนุทูŠูƒ ุงู„ function ูˆุงู†ุช ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุชุซุจุช
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:06:01,240 --> 00:06:05,620
215
+ ุฃู†ู‡ุง one to one and ุงู†ุช ูˆุชุฎุฏู… ุฎุงุตูŠุงุช ุงู„
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:06:05,620 --> 00:06:08,680
219
+ isomorphism ุงู„ function ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุดุจู‡
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:06:08,680 --> 00:06:14,630
223
+ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ phi of x ูŠุจู‚ู‰ x ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ููŠ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:06:14,630 --> 00:06:19,810
227
+ Z12 ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌุณู…ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฑูƒุจุชูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ Z4
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:06:19,810 --> 00:06:25,390
231
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ Z3 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:06:25,390 --> 00:06:33,210
235
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ Z12 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:06:33,210 --> 00:06:38,470
239
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ zero ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ 11
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:06:38,470 --> 00:06:44,350
243
+ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏู‰ ุฃุฎู„ูŠ ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ Z4 ูˆู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:06:44,350 --> 00:06:51,030
247
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ Z3 ุฅุฐุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง X modulo 4 ูˆ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:06:51,030 --> 00:06:57,070
251
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ X modulo 3 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุงุฎุฏู‡
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:57,070 --> 00:07:04,230
255
+ ู…ู† Z12 ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 4 ูˆู„ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 3 ุงูุชุฑุถ ูƒุงู† 2 ูŠุจู‚ู‰
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:07:04,230 --> 00:07:07,830
259
+ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ูุงูŠ ุงู ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ูˆุฏูŠูˆู„ู‡ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:07:07,830 --> 00:07:11,130
263
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ูˆุฏูŠูˆู„ู‡ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:07:11,130 --> 00:07:16,510
267
+ ุจุงุซู†ูŠู† ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูุงูŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:07:16,510 --> 00:07:20,370
271
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ูƒุฏุงุด ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุงูŠ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:07:20,370 --> 00:07:23,490
275
+ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ function ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ ุจุณ ุชุจุชู„ูŠู‡ุง one to
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:07:23,490 --> 00:07:30,670
279
+ one and on to ูˆุชุฎุฏู… ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ isomorphism ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:07:30,670 --> 00:07:35,210
283
+ ุณุชุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง show that five
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:07:35,210 --> 00:07:42,310
287
+ is an isomorphism
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:07:42,310 --> 00:07:48,650
291
+ ู…ู† ุฒุฏ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ cross ุฒุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุฒุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:07:48,650 --> 00:07:59,630
295
+ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุฃู† ููŠ ู…ู† ู…ู† ุฒุฏ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ external product ู…ุน
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:59,630 --> 00:08:07,090
299
+ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน z ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ z ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:08:07,090 --> 00:08:14,410
303
+ ู‡ุฐุง z ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ ูˆ ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ five of ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุซู„ุงุซุฉ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:08:14,410 --> 00:08:20,370
307
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจู‚ูˆู„ find an element a ูˆ b ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:08:20,370 --> 00:08:26,050
311
+ ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู„ maps to one ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูˆุฌุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:08:26,050 --> 00:08:31,950
315
+ element a ูˆ b ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ main ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูˆ five of a
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:08:31,950 --> 00:08:36,570
319
+ ูˆ b ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง main ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:08:41,470 --> 00:08:46,970
323
+ ุณุคุงู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฃู†ุง isomorphism ุงู„ isomorphism
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:08:46,970 --> 00:08:55,090
327
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ group z3 external to z5 ุฅู„ู‰ z15 ูˆููŠ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุนุทุน
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:08:55,090 --> 00:08:58,810
331
+ ุฃู† ููŠู„ู… ุงุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:08:58,810 --> 00:09:05,390
335
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฌู„ูŠู‡ุงุช ู„ู„ุนู†ุตุฑ a ูˆb ู„ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:09:05,390 --> 00:09:09,190
339
+ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุญุฏ ููŠูƒูˆ ุญู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ุŸ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:09:12,670 --> 00:09:19,130
343
+ ุงู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฏู† ุงู…ุชุญุงู†ุงุช ู…ุด ุฏุงุนูŠ ู„ู„ุญู„ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุทูŠุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:09:19,130 --> 00:09:24,310
347
+ ุญุงู„ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุญู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุณุคุงู„ ุดุจูŠู‡ ุจู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ู„ู…ุง
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:09:24,310 --> 00:09:28,110
351
+ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ุงู„ isomorphism ุญู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุณุคุงู„ ุดุจูŠู‡ ุจู‡ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:09:28,110 --> 00:09:33,060
355
+ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ ูˆุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† order pair
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:09:33,060 --> 00:09:36,880
359
+ order pair ูˆ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุด order pair ุจุชูุฑุฌุด ุนู†ู‡ุง ุดูˆู ูŠุง
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:09:36,880 --> 00:09:41,180
363
+ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ a ูˆ b ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ ุชุญุช ุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ูุง
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:09:41,180 --> 00:09:47,540
367
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูƒุงู† ุจุฏูŠ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ isomorphism ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:09:47,540 --> 00:09:51,440
371
+ ุนู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงุจู„ู‡ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุฃ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:09:51,440 --> 00:09:57,040
375
+ order a ูˆ b ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:09:57,460 --> 00:10:02,300
379
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุจุญุงูˆู„ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฅู…ูƒุงู†
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:10:02,300 --> 00:10:08,820
383
+ ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุญุงูˆู„ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ุนุทู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:10:08,820 --> 00:10:12,920
387
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุชุฑุจุท ุจูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:10:12,920 --> 00:10:18,140
391
+ ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญุชู‰ ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุญุณุจ ูƒู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ element
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:10:18,140 --> 00:10:24,930
395
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุฃูŠ group ูู†ูŠุงุช
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:10:24,930 --> 00:10:31,430
399
+ ุฒุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠูƒุงูุฆ ุฑู‚ู… ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:10:31,430 --> 00:10:37,490
403
+ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:10:37,490 --> 00:10:45,610
407
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ modulo ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ู€ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:10:45,610 --> 00:10:53,640
411
+ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† modulo ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุชู…ุงู… ุทุจ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ุฏูŠู„ู‡
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:10:53,640 --> 00:10:58,380
415
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:10:58,380 --> 00:11:02,580
419
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุดูŠู„ู‡ุง ูˆุฃูƒุซุฑ ุจุฏู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:11:02,580 --> 00:11:08,740
423
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ููŠ ุฃูˆ ููŠ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:11:08,740 --> 00:11:16,810
427
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูƒุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุซู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ุฏู…
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:11:16,810 --> 00:11:21,250
431
+ ุทู„ุนู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ุฌูˆุณ ูˆุทู„ุนู‡ุง ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุฑุง ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:11:21,250 --> 00:11:27,190
435
+ Alpha of ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ Alpha of ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ู†ุง
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:11:27,190 --> 00:11:31,850
439
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฌูˆุง ูˆุฃู†ุง
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:11:31,850 --> 00:11:36,310
443
+ ุทู„ุนุชู‡ุง ุจุฑุง ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏุฃ ุฏุฎู„ุชู‡ุง ุฌูˆุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฏุฎู„ุชู‡ุง ุฌูˆุง
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:11:36,310 --> 00:11:41,710
447
+ ู‡ุถุฑุจู‡ุง ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุนู†ุตุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุจุณ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:11:41,710 --> 00:11:47,790
451
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุฒุฏ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฒุฏ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:11:47,790 --> 00:11:51,730
455
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุชุฑุนูŠ ู…ู†ุŸ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุชุฑุนูŠ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:11:51,730 --> 00:11:57,430
459
+ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ five
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:11:57,430 --> 00:12:04,190
463
+ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† modulo ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:12:04,190 --> 00:12:11,000
467
+ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ modulo ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู‡ุฐุง
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:12:11,000 --> 00:12:16,680
471
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณูˆู‰ five ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจุณุชุนุด ู…ุถูŠู„ู‡
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:12:16,680 --> 00:12:22,800
475
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุซู„ุงุซุฉ ููŠ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:12:22,800 --> 00:12:28,320
479
+ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ุถูŠู„ู‡ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:12:28,320 --> 00:12:33,520
483
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ order per man ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ุฐุง
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:12:33,520 --> 00:12:40,200
487
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ a ูˆุงู„ b ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุฌุฏุงุด ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:12:45,820 --> 00:12:52,020
491
+ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:12:52,020 --> 00:12:57,840
495
+ ู„ุณุคุงู„ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ without
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:12:57,840 --> 00:13:02,100
499
+ doing any calculations in atomorphism Z ุนุดุฑูŠู†
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:13:02,100 --> 00:13:07,940
503
+ determine how many elements of automorphism Z ุนุดุฑูŠู†
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:13:07,940 --> 00:13:16,560
507
+ ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุณุคุงู„ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณูŠู†
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:13:16,560 --> 00:13:31,780
511
+ the number of elements of order four in automorphism
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:13:31,780 --> 00:13:33,640
515
+ ู„ุฒุงุฏ ุนุดุฑูŠู†
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:13:40,950 --> 00:13:46,130
519
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงุฌูŠุจู„ูŠ ูƒุงู… ุนู†ุตุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชูˆู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… ู„ุฒุฏ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุงู„
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:13:46,130 --> 00:13:51,070
523
+ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุฏูˆู†ู‡ุง ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุง ุงุฑูˆุญ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:13:51,070 --> 00:13:56,330
527
+ ุฃุจุญุซ ููŠ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุงุชูˆู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุนุฑูู„ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุฏูˆู†
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:13:56,330 --> 00:14:01,850
531
+ ู…ุง ุชุนุฑูู„ูŠ ุดูƒู„ ูˆู„ุง function ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ solution
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:14:01,850 --> 00:14:07,150
535
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฃูŠ ุดุบู„ุฉ ู„ู‡ุง
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:14:07,150 --> 00:14:11,470
539
+ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ automorphism ู„ Z ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:14:11,470 --> 00:14:16,790
543
+ automorphism ู„ Z ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุงูŠุฒูˆ ู…ูˆุฑููƒ ู„ู…ูŠู† ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจุŸ ู„ ุงู„
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:14:16,790 --> 00:14:23,750
547
+ U ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ูˆ ุงู„ U ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ U ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:14:23,750 --> 00:14:31,010
551
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† U ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ are
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:14:31,010 --> 00:14:35,870
555
+ relatively prime ู…ุฏุงู… relatively prime ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:14:35,870 --> 00:14:47,070
559
+ isomorphic ู„ู…ุงู† ู„ U4 external product ู…ุน U5 ุงู„ U4
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:14:47,070 --> 00:14:54,570
563
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ isomorphic ู„ู…ุงู† ู„ Z2 external product
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:14:54,570 --> 00:14:56,230
567
+ ู…ุน U5
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:15:00,200 --> 00:15:05,120
571
+ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุถูŠุน ูˆู‚ุช ููŠู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ isomorphic ู„ุฒุฏ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฅุฐุง
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:15:05,120 --> 00:15:11,720
575
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุชูˆู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… ู„ู…ุงู† ู„ุฒุฏ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฏูˆุฑ ู…ู†
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:15:11,720 --> 00:15:17,440
579
+ ุงู„ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุชูˆู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… ู„ุฒุฏ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:15:17,440 --> 00:15:23,540
583
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ูŠู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุชูˆู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… ู„ู…ุงู† ู„ุฒุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ร— ุชุงู†
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:15:23,540 --> 00:15:28,120
587
+ ุถุฑุจ product ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน ุฒุฏ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:15:28,120 --> 00:15:34,060
591
+ ู…ุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูŠุฒูˆ ู…ูˆุฑููƒ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู„ูˆ ู„ุฌูŠุช ุฌุฏู‘ูŠุด ุนุฏุฏ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:15:34,060 --> 00:15:38,300
595
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ group ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู„ order ุฅู„ู‡ู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:15:38,300 --> 00:15:42,340
599
+ ุจูƒูˆู† ุฌุจุช ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ automorphisms ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ order ุฅู„ู‡ู…
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:15:42,340 --> 00:15:48,060
603
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุนุจ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ุง ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:15:48,060 --> 00:15:54,020
607
+ ุณู‡ู„ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุชุญูˆูŠู„ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู†ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู…ู†
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:15:54,020 --> 00:15:59,480
611
+ ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุตุนุจ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุณู‡ู„ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:16:01,670 --> 00:16:05,970
615
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ Z2 Extended
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:16:05,970 --> 00:16:11,390
619
+ Product ูƒุฏู‡ ุนุฏุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ู†ุŸ ุจุฏู‡
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:16:11,390 --> 00:16:16,970
623
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏุงุชูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ assume ุงูุชุฑุถ ุงู†ู‡
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:16:16,970 --> 00:16:23,250
627
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ element a ูˆ b ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ Z2 Extended Product ู…ุน
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:16:23,250 --> 00:16:31,480
631
+ Z4 such that ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุฏุฑ ู„ู€ A ูˆ ู„ู€ B ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:16:31,480 --> 00:16:36,660
635
+ ู„ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ least common multiple ู„ู„ุฃุฑุฏุฑ ุจุชุงุจุน ุงู„ A
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:16:36,660 --> 00:16:41,340
639
+ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฑุฏุฑ ุจุชุงุจุน ุงู„ B ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ ุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:16:41,340 --> 00:16:45,220
643
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุฏุฑ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:16:45,220 --> 00:16:56,900
647
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ orders of A are ู…ูŠู† ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจุŸ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:16:56,900 --> 00:17:02,030
651
+ ูˆ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ elements ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ู€ z
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:17:02,030 --> 00:17:05,630
655
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† Zero ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ Zero ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ identity ุงู„ order ู„ู‡
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:17:05,630 --> 00:17:09,230
659
+ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ order ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌู…ุนุช ูˆุงุญุฏ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:17:09,230 --> 00:17:11,830
663
+ ุฒูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูุฒูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจ Zero ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:17:11,830 --> 00:17:16,090
667
+ identity ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ orders ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:17:16,090 --> 00:17:28,660
671
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† and ุงู„ orders of B are ู…ู…ูƒู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:17:28,660 --> 00:17:32,760
675
+ ุชู…ุงู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุงููŠุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุง ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:17:32,760 --> 00:17:36,740
679
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู…ุง ุงู„ order ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูˆ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุฃุฑุจุน ุทูŠุจ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:17:36,740 --> 00:17:40,140
683
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ least common multiple
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:17:40,140 --> 00:17:45,620
687
+ ู…ุน ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจุดูƒู„ูˆู„ูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŸ ู„ุฃ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:17:45,620 --> 00:17:49,900
691
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจุฏูˆู† ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฑูŠู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:17:49,900 --> 00:17:55,280
695
+ ู‡ู… ู„ูƒู† ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฏูˆุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุงุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ูŠ ุงู„ least
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:17:55,280 --> 00:17:58,920
699
+ common multiple ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:17:58,920 --> 00:18:03,180
703
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุฎุฏุช ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ู…
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:18:03,180 --> 00:18:08,020
707
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุฌูŠุจูˆู„ูŠ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ููŠุด insert ูŠุจู‚ู‰
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:18:08,020 --> 00:18:12,980
711
+ ู…ููŠุด ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ุงู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูู‚ุท ูˆ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:18:12,980 --> 00:18:16,760
715
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎุฏู‡ู… ู‡ู… ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ู… ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุดูˆู
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:18:16,760 --> 00:18:20,860
719
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุนุทูˆู†ูŠ ุชุจุฏู„ ุชุงู† ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุนุทูˆู†ูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:18:20,860 --> 00:18:27,940
723
+ ุงู„ุฎุท ูˆ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ู†ุดูˆู ุงูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุขู† z
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:18:27,940 --> 00:18:34,100
727
+ four ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู… ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ z
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:18:34,100 --> 00:18:43,270
731
+ four ูˆ ู…ูŠู† ูƒู…ุงู†ุŸ ูˆุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ููŠุด ุบูŠุฑู‡ู… ู…ููŠุด ุบูŠุฑู‡ู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:18:43,270 --> 00:18:51,870
735
+ ุงู„ Z for has ูˆุงุญุฏ and ุชู„ุงุชุฉ of order ุฃุฑุจุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุงู…
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:18:51,870 --> 00:18:58,170
739
+ ุฎูŠุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ A ู„ู‡ุง ุฎูŠุงุฑุงุช two choices
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:18:58,170 --> 00:19:06,930
743
+ for A for B ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง two choices for B ุทูŠุจ ูƒุงู…
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:19:06,930 --> 00:19:10,530
747
+ ุจู‚ู‰ ูƒุงู… ุฎูŠุงุฑ ู„ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุฎุฏ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ ู„ุฅู† order ูˆุงุญุฏ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:19:10,530 --> 00:19:14,990
751
+ ูˆุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠูุฑุฌูˆุด ู…ุนุงูŠุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† two
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:19:14,990 --> 00:19:24,550
755
+ choices for b ุฅุฐู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุชุจุนู‡ู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:19:24,550 --> 00:19:35,450
759
+ the number of elements of order for
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:19:37,350 --> 00:19:44,950
763
+ is ุงุซู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ elements ูŠุจู‚ู‰
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:19:44,950 --> 00:19:49,650
767
+ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏูŠุด ุฅู„ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ four
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:19:49,650 --> 00:19:54,110
771
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ automorphism ู„ุฒุฏ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ููŠู‡ ุฌุฏู‘ุงุด
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:19:54,110 --> 00:19:59,690
775
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ุงู†ุŸ ุจุฏู‡
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:19:59,690 --> 00:20:05,310
779
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:20:12,060 --> 00:20:17,500
783
+ ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ุฏุฑุณู†ุงู‡
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:20:17,500 --> 00:20:23,240
787
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠ ููŠ ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง section ุงู„ุขู†
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:20:23,240 --> 00:20:30,840
791
+ ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุงุจุชุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู„ูŠู‡ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุดุงุจุชุฑ ุชุณุนุฉ ุชุณุนุฉ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:20:30,840 --> 00:20:37,300
795
+ normal subgroups
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:20:37,300 --> 00:20:40,680
799
+ and factor
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:20:44,630 --> 00:20:49,990
803
+ and factor groups
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:20:49,990 --> 00:20:56,610
807
+ definition
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:20:56,610 --> 00:21:01,010
811
+ a
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:21:01,010 --> 00:21:05,670
815
+ subgroup H
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:21:05,670 --> 00:21:13,250
819
+ of a group G is called
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:21:16,320 --> 00:21:29,000
823
+ is called a normal is called a normal subgroup of
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:21:29,000 --> 00:21:40,680
827
+ g subgroup of g f ุงู„ a h ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ h a ู„ูƒู„
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:21:40,680 --> 00:21:50,920
831
+ ุงู„ a ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ g b ู„ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… we denote this
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:21:50,920 --> 00:22:02,720
835
+ by ุงู„ H is a normal subgroup of G note
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:22:02,720 --> 00:22:05,880
839
+ ุงู„
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:22:05,880 --> 00:22:11,680
843
+ A H ุฏูŠ ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ H A does not
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:22:15,740 --> 00:22:21,240
847
+ imply that ุงู†
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:22:21,240 --> 00:22:36,120
851
+ ุงู„ a h ุจุฏุฑ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ h a but means that ุงู† ุงู„ a h
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:22:36,120 --> 00:22:41,700
855
+ one ุจุฏุฑ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ h two a
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:22:44,410 --> 00:22:50,070
859
+ ุฃูˆู„ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ theorem a
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:22:50,070 --> 00:22:54,430
863
+ subgroup a
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:22:54,430 --> 00:23:07,070
867
+ subgroup H a subgroup H of G is normal is normal
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:23:07,070 --> 00:23:18,730
871
+ in G if and only if ุงู„ู€ X H X inverse subset ู…ู† H
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:23:18,730 --> 00:23:24,870
875
+ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ X ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ group G
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:24:16,580 --> 00:24:22,060
879
+ ู†ุฑุฌุน ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู‡ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:24:22,060 --> 00:24:27,040
883
+ normal subgroup ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญู‚ู‚ู„ูŠ ุดุฑุท ู…ุนูŠู† ุงู„ factor
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:24:27,040 --> 00:24:32,640
887
+ group ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุดุฆ ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุงู„ subgroup ุงู„ู„ูŠ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:24:32,640 --> 00:24:36,340
891
+ ุนุฑูุชู‡ ุฏูŠ ูุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ normal subgroup
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:24:36,340 --> 00:24:41,720
895
+ ูˆู‡ุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฌุจุฑ ูˆุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:24:41,720 --> 00:24:46,880
899
+ ุงู„ subgroup H ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ G ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง normal subgroup
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:24:46,880 --> 00:24:53,390
903
+ ู…ู† G ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ A H ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ H A for all A belongs
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:24:53,390 --> 00:24:57,970
907
+ to G ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ right coset ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ left coset
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:24:57,970 --> 00:25:04,280
911
+ ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุนู†ุงุตุฑ G ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ normal
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:25:04,280 --> 00:25:10,660
915
+ subgroup ู…ู† G ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ A H ู„ูŠุณ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:25:10,660 --> 00:25:15,300
919
+ ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† subgroup ู„ูƒู† ุฃู† ูƒุงู†ุช normal ูŠุจู‚ู‰
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:25:15,300 --> 00:25:21,240
923
+ automatic ู‡ุฐุง subgroup ุฃู†ุช ู…ุนู…ู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ H ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:25:21,240 --> 00:25:26,010
927
+ subgroup ู…ู† G ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง normal subgroup ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:25:26,010 --> 00:25:30,510
931
+ ุงู„ู€ left coset ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ right coset ูˆุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุง ุจุฏู„
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:25:30,510 --> 00:25:34,910
935
+ ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ H is a normal subgroup ู…ู† G ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุจุฑ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:25:34,910 --> 00:25:41,230
939
+ ุจุงู„ุฑู…ุฒ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ ู‚ุงุนุฏุชู‡ ุฌู‡ุฉ G ูˆุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุชุจุนู‡ ุฌู‡ุฉ ู…ู†ุŸ ุฌู‡ุฉ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:25:41,230 --> 00:25:44,950
943
+ H ุฎู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ูƒ ู…ุด ุญูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุชุญุช ูˆุงู„ุฑุฃุณ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:25:44,950 --> 00:25:50,570
947
+ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ subgroup ูˆุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุฌู‡ุฉ ู…ู†ุŸ ุฌู‡ุฉ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:25:50,570 --> 00:25:54,950
951
+ ุงู„ group ุทุจ ููŠ ุดุบู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูู‡ู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุบู„ุท ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:25:54,950 --> 00:25:58,610
955
+ ุงู„ condition ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงุทู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุบู„ุท ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:25:58,610 --> 00:26:04,790
959
+ ู‚ูˆู„ุชูƒ a h ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ h a ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ุงู… ุฎุทุฃ ุฃู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ a h
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:26:04,790 --> 00:26:08,370
963
+ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุดูŠุก ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ left coset ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ right coset
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:26:08,370 --> 00:26:14,570
967
+ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุจู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ elements ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ a h one ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:26:16,110 --> 00:26:20,010
971
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ H2 ุฑู‚ู… ุซุงู†ูŠ ูˆ element ุซุงู†ูŠ ู„ูŠุณ ู†ูุณ ุงู„
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:26:20,010 --> 00:26:24,930
975
+ element ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ element ู„ูƒู† in general ู„ุฃ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:26:24,930 --> 00:26:31,370
979
+ ู…ุด ุตุญูŠุญ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ H ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ HA ูŠุนู†ูŠ AH1
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:26:31,370 --> 00:26:37,290
983
+ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ H2A ุฑู‚ู… ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ element ุซุงู†ูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ element
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:26:37,290 --> 00:26:42,350
987
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู‚ูˆู„ุด AH ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ HA ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ AH1
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:26:42,350 --> 00:26:45,090
991
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ H2A
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:26:46,550 --> 00:26:51,370
995
+ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃุตูŠุบู‡ ุตูŠุงุบุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:26:51,370 --> 00:26:55,910
999
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูŠู‡ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุตูŠุงุบุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŸ ุจู„ ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ุตูŠุงุบุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:26:56,420 --> 00:27:01,320
1003
+ ุฃูŠู‘ุด ุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŸ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช ููŠ ุงู„ู€ A
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:27:01,320 --> 00:27:05,300
1007
+ inverse ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ A inverse ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:27:05,300 --> 00:27:10,540
1011
+ ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ A H A inverse ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ู†ุŸ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ H ุดุฑุท
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:27:10,540 --> 00:27:15,920
1015
+ ุงู„ู€ normality ุฃูˆ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ H
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:27:15,920 --> 00:27:23,260
1019
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ A inverse H A ุดุฑุทุงู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู€ normality ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:27:23,260 --> 00:27:31,150
1023
+ AH small A inverse ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ H ูƒุงุจุชู„ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:27:31,150 --> 00:27:36,170
1027
+ ุจูŠุณุชูˆูŠ H ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ A H small A inverse ูƒู€ element
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:27:36,170 --> 00:27:42,450
1031
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ H ุจุฑุถู‡ ุดุฑุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุตูŠุบุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:27:42,450 --> 00:27:46,550
1035
+ ู„ู„ู€ normality ู†ุธุฑูŠุชู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ุฃูŠู‘ุด ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠุŸ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงูุชุฑุถ ุงู„ู€ H
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:27:46,550 --> 00:27:50,070
1039
+ normal subgroup ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ H ู‡ูŠ normal subgroup ู…ู† G if
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:27:50,070 --> 00:27:55,300
1043
+ and only if ุงู„ู€ X H X inverse subset ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† H
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:27:55,300 --> 00:28:00,140
1047
+ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฅู† ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุญุงุตู„ ุฅุฐู† automatic ู‡ุฏูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:28:00,140 --> 00:28:04,420
1051
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ subset ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุญุตู„ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒ ู„ูˆ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:28:04,420 --> 00:28:08,480
1055
+ ุถุฑุจุช ููŠ ุงู„ู€ A inverse ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุจูŠุทู„ุน
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:28:08,480 --> 00:28:12,800
1059
+ ุงู„ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุฎุชุตุฑ ูˆู„ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุจุฏุฃ ุฃู‚ูˆู„
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:28:12,800 --> 00:28:17,220
1063
+ ุงู„ู€ subset ุฑุบู… ุฃู† ุงู„ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุตุญูŠุญ ุทูŠุจ ู…ุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:28:17,220 --> 00:28:23,480
1067
+ ุจู†ุฑูˆุญ ู†ุซุจุช ุตุญุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏุงูŠุชูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ assume
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:28:23,480 --> 00:28:30,780
1071
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ H is a normal subgroup ู…ู† G then
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:28:34,230 --> 00:28:39,130
1075
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ูุฑุถุช ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ H ู‡ุฐู‡ normal subgroup ู…ู† G
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:28:39,130 --> 00:28:45,790
1079
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ A H ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ H A ุญุณุจ ู…ุง
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:28:45,790 --> 00:28:52,070
1083
+ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู€ definition ุฃูˆ ู…ุดุงู† ุฎู„ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฑู…ูˆุฒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏู‡
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:28:52,070 --> 00:28:58,950
1087
+ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ X H ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ H X ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ X ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:28:58,950 --> 00:29:01,090
1091
+ G ุจู„ุง ุงุณุชุซู†ุงุก
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:29:03,680 --> 00:29:10,640
1095
+ ุทูŠุจ ุชู…ุงู… ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎู„ู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ X H X inverse ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:29:10,640 --> 00:29:15,440
1099
+ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุชูŠ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ููŠ X
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:29:15,440 --> 00:29:21,840
1103
+ inverse ุฃูŠู‘ุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ X H X
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:29:21,840 --> 00:29:26,950
1107
+ inverse ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ H ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:29:26,950 --> 00:29:34,030
1111
+ ู…ุฏุงู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ X H X inverse subset ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู†
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:29:34,030 --> 00:29:39,110
1115
+ ุงู„ู€ H ูˆุงู„ู€ H subset ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ X H X inverse ู…ุง ุนู„ูŠู†ุง
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:29:39,110 --> 00:29:43,770
1119
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุงูŠ ุฌูŠุจุช ู„ู‡ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุดุฑุท ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑุท
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:29:43,770 --> 00:29:45,630
1123
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ conversely
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:29:49,190 --> 00:29:57,170
1127
+ assume ุงูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ X H X inverse subset ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:29:57,170 --> 00:30:03,330
1131
+ subset ู…ู† H ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ H ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุนู‡ุง is a
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:30:03,330 --> 00:30:09,690
1135
+ normal subgroup ู…ู† ุฌูŠ ุทูŠุจ ุจุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ then
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:30:12,460 --> 00:30:19,120
1139
+ ุฃูˆ ู‚ุจู„ then ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุฅุญู†ุง ูุฑุถู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ X ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:30:19,120 --> 00:30:24,920
1143
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃูˆูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ group G ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณุฃู„ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:30:24,920 --> 00:30:28,680
1147
+ X inverse ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ G ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ G ุฌุฑูˆุจู‡
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:30:28,680 --> 00:30:35,210
1151
+ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒุณ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ then ุงู„ู€ X inverse
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:30:35,210 --> 00:30:41,390
1155
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ G implies ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุทุจู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุดุฑุท ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:30:41,390 --> 00:30:47,370
1159
+ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุทุจู‚ุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุดุฑุท ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ X inverse H X
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:30:47,370 --> 00:30:52,850
1163
+ inverse inverse ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ subset ู…ู† ู…ู†ุŸ subset ู…ู† H
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:30:55,030 --> 00:31:02,150
1167
+ ุฃูˆ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง main ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ X inverse H
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:31:02,150 --> 00:31:11,830
1171
+ X subset ู…ู† main subset ู…ู† main ู…ู† H ุทูŠุจ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:31:11,830 --> 00:31:19,130
1175
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฌุจุช ุฃูˆ ู‚ุฏุฑุช ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู†
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:31:19,130 --> 00:31:26,430
1179
+ ุงู„ู€ H ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ subset ู…ู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ X inverse HX ุจุชู…
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:31:26,430 --> 00:31:31,550
1183
+ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุชุจุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฏูŠ ุขุฌูŠ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:31:31,550 --> 00:31:38,030
1187
+ ู„ู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุชู‡ุง ููŠ X ู…ู†
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:31:38,030 --> 00:31:45,830
1191
+ ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูŠู‘ุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ X X inverse ููŠ ู…ู†ุŸ ููŠ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:31:45,830 --> 00:31:54,050
1195
+ ุงู„ู€ H ูˆู‡ู†ุง X ุจุฏูŠ ุชุจู‚ู‰ subset ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ X H ุถุฑุจุช ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:31:54,050 --> 00:31:58,610
1199
+ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ููŠ X ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูŠู‘ุด ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:31:58,610 --> 00:32:06,330
1203
+ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ H X subset ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ X H ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงุถุฑุจ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:32:06,330 --> 00:32:12,090
1207
+ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ X inverse ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:32:12,090 --> 00:32:19,250
1211
+ X inverse ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ H ู‡ูŠ subset ู…ู† X H X inverse ูˆ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:32:19,250 --> 00:32:22,550
1215
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฃุทู„ุน ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู†
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:32:22,550 --> 00:32:33,120
1219
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง from ูˆุงุญุฏ and ุงุซู†ูŠู† we have ุฅู†
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:32:33,120 --> 00:32:40,620
1223
+ ุงู„ู€ X H X inverse ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ H ุทุจ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:32:40,620 --> 00:32:47,100
1227
+ ุงุถุฑุจ ู„ู„ุทุฑููŠู† ููŠ X ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุชูŠ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ X H ุจุฏู‡
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:32:47,100 --> 00:32:52,780
1231
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ H X ู‡ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ู€ normal ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:32:52,780 --> 00:32:57,660
1235
+ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ H is a normal subgroup ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† G ูˆุฃู†ุช
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:32:57,660 --> 00:33:00,120
1239
+ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:33:04,330 --> 00:33:12,130
1243
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุฎุฐ ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒ ู‚ุจู„ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุตูˆุฑุฉ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:33:12,130 --> 00:33:17,030
1247
+ ู…ู† ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€ normality ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ the above theorem the
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:33:17,030 --> 00:33:26,450
1251
+ above theorem the above theorem can be written as
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:33:26,450 --> 00:33:36,160
1255
+ can be written as ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃู†
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:33:36,160 --> 00:33:46,820
1259
+ ุงู„ู€ a ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ h is a normal subgroup ู…ู† g if and only
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:33:46,820 --> 00:33:56,180
1263
+ if ุงู„ู€ x h x inverse belongs ู„ู…ู†ุŸ belongs ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ H ู„ูƒู„
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:33:56,180 --> 00:34:01,340
1267
+ ุงู„ู€ X ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุฌูŠุจ ุจู„ุง ุงุณุชุซู†ุงุก
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:34:18,040 --> 00:34:25,960
1271
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ู€
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:34:25,960 --> 00:34:32,640
1275
+ normality ุงุณุชู†๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:34:32,640 --> 00:34:37,240
1279
+ ุฃุตูŠุบู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูุจุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ H normal
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:34:37,240 --> 00:34:42,220
1283
+ subgroup ู…ู† G ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† X H ูŠุง small ูŠุนู†ูŠ element ู…ู†
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:34:42,220 --> 00:34:47,460
1287
+ H ููŠ X inverse ุจู‚ูˆู„ belong to H ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุตุฑ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:34:47,460 --> 00:34:51,640
1291
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุจู‚ูˆู„ุด substitute ุฅู†ู…ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ main belong to H
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:34:51,640 --> 00:34:55,760
1295
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ู€ X ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† G ููŠ ุงู„ู€ element ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:34:55,760 --> 00:34:58,580
1299
+ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† H ููŠ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„ู€ element ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ G ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:34:58,580 --> 00:35:02,970
1303
+ ุจุฏูŠูƒูˆู† one ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ H ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู‡ุฐูŠ normal
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:35:02,970 --> 00:35:07,290
1307
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ X H X inverse belongs to the main ู„ู„ู€ H
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:35:07,290 --> 00:35:12,130
1311
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุขู† ูุตุงุนุฏู‹ุง ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ H is a normal
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:35:12,130 --> 00:35:18,130
1315
+ subgroup ู…ู† G ูŠูƒููŠู†ูŠ main ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฑุท ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฑุท ุฃูˆ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:35:18,130 --> 00:35:22,190
1319
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฑุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงุดุชุบู„ู‡
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:35:22,190 --> 00:35:26,970
1323
+ ูˆุชูˆูƒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุทูŠุจ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:35:26,970 --> 00:35:32,330
1327
+ ูˆู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุฃุจุณุท ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ group
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:35:32,330 --> 00:35:37,470
1331
+ abelian ูˆุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุฎุฐุช ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ subgroup ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:35:37,470 --> 00:35:45,270
1335
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู€ subgroup ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ normal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู„ ูŠุชุญู‚ู‚ ุงู„ู€
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:35:45,270 --> 00:35:50,160
1339
+ condition ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุงู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† abelian ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:35:50,160 --> 00:35:55,420
1343
+ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุจุฏู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุจุนุถ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู„ุชู‡ู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ H XX
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:35:55,420 --> 00:36:00,320
1347
+ inverse ู„ูˆ H ููŠ E ู„ู‡ูˆ ุจู€ H ูŠุจู‚ู‰ H ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆุฅู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:36:00,320 --> 00:36:03,720
1351
+ ููŠ H ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุดุฑุท ู…ุชุญู‚ู‚ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€ group ู‡ุฐูŠ ุฃูŠู‘ู‡ุŸ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:36:03,720 --> 00:36:08,580
1355
+ normal group ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูˆู„ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุจุฃุฎุฐู‡ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:36:08,580 --> 00:36:13,940
1359
+ group abelian ูŠุจู‚ู‰ any subgroup is normal ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:36:13,940 --> 00:36:29,400
1363
+ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุซุงู„ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ any subgroup of an abelian group is
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:36:29,400 --> 00:36:36,380
1367
+ normal ู…ุซุงู„
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:36:36,380 --> 00:36:42,000
1371
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุทุจุนู‹ุง
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:36:42,000 --> 00:36:47,080
1375
+ ุงู„ู€ condition ู‡ูŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูˆ ุชุญู‚ู‚ ุงู„ู€
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:36:47,080 --> 00:36:51,820
1379
+ condition ู‡ู†ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุขู† abelian ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุจุฏู„ู‡
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:36:51,820 --> 00:36:58,420
1383
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏูŠ H ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ H ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:36:58,420 --> 00:37:02,600
1387
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ center ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ group ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ subgroup
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:37:02,600 --> 00:37:03,460
1391
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ group G
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:37:06,550 --> 00:37:14,770
1395
+ ุงู„ู€ Center ุชุจุน ุจุฌุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ู€ Z of G ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฏุนูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ A
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:37:14,770 --> 00:37:18,510
1399
+ normal subgroup ู…ู†ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† G
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:37:21,130 --> 00:37:24,530
1403
+ ุจุขุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุฅุฐุง ุชุญู‚ู‚ ุฃูŠู‘ condition ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:37:24,530 --> 00:37:28,850
1407
+ conditions ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:37:28,850 --> 00:37:34,670
1411
+ ุชู…ุงู… ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุขู† ุฎู„ุงู†ูŠ ู†ุญู‚ู‚ ุฃูŠู‘ condition ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:37:34,670 --> 00:37:40,550
1415
+ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงู†ุฉ ุจุชูุฑุฌุด ุนู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฑุญุช ุฃุฎุฐ ุฃูŠู‘ ุนู†ุตุฑ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:37:40,550 --> 00:37:44,550
1419
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ group G ูˆุจุฏูŠ ุฃุถุฑุจู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ center ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:37:44,550 --> 00:37:47,350
1423
+ H ู‡ู†ุง solution
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:37:50,630 --> 00:38:00,150
1427
+ ุงู„ุขู† Z of G ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ู…ู† G ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ left coset ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:38:00,150 --> 00:38:08,330
1431
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุขุฏูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ X ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ G then ุงู„ู€ X ููŠ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:38:08,330 --> 00:38:16,500
1435
+ ุงู„ู€ center ุจุชุงุจุน ุงู„ู€ G ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃุธู† ุงู„ู€ X ู‡ุฐูŠ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:38:16,500 --> 00:38:23,060
1439
+ ู…ุน ุฌู…ูŠุน ุนู†ุงุตุฑ Z ุฃูˆ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ Z of G ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุฌู…ูŠุน
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:38:23,060 --> 00:38:28,820
1443
+ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ G ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐูŠ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ Z ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:38:28,820 --> 00:38:37,780
1447
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ Z of G Z of G ููŠ X ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:38:37,780 --> 00:38:42,440
1451
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ูƒุงู† ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุบูŠุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:38:42,440 --> 00:38:49,540
1455
+ ุชุนุงู„ ู†ุดูˆู X Z of G X inverse ุดูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ูˆุฃุฌูŠุจ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:38:49,540 --> 00:38:54,260
1459
+ ู…ู† ูˆุฃุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ X ุฃุจุฏู„ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชูŠ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠ ุงู„ู€ X ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:38:54,260 --> 00:38:59,060
1463
+ ูƒุงู† ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุชุนุงู„ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ู€
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:38:59,060 --> 00:39:04,100
1467
+ group ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุฃุฑูˆุญ ุฃุญุท ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู† X inverse ุฃุดูˆู ูˆูŠู†
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:39:04,100 --> 00:39:09,030
1471
+ ุจุฏู‡ ุชูˆุตู„ู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู€ X ูƒู…ูŠูˆุช
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:39:09,030 --> 00:39:14,850
1475
+ ู…ุน ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ Z ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆู„
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:39:14,850 --> 00:39:21,320
1479
+ Z of G ูˆู‡ู†ุง X ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ X ุงู†ูุฑุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:39:21,320 --> 00:39:26,380
1483
+ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ู€ identity element ุงู„ู€ identity
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:39:26,380 --> 00:39:31,580
1487
+ element ููŠ ุฃูŠู‘ subgroup ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:39:31,580 --> 00:39:38,320
1491
+ subgroup ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุณุงุฑ X Z of G X inverse ุจุฏูŠ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:39:38,320 --> 00:39:44,480
1495
+ ุฃุณูˆุฃ ู…ู† Z of G ุฃุถุฑุจ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ููŠ X ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:39:44,480 --> 00:39:52,350
1499
+ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ X ููŠ Z of G ููŠ ุงู„ู€ X inverse ุจุฏู‡ ุชุฌูŠู„ูƒ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:39:52,350 --> 00:39:59,750
1503
+ ูƒู…ุงู† X ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Z of G ููŠ ู…ู† ููŠ ุงู„ X ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:39:59,750 --> 00:40:06,210
1507
+ ูŠุนุทูŠู„ูƒ ุฅู† ุงู„ X ููŠ Z of G ุทู„ุนู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:40:06,210 --> 00:40:10,250
1511
+ identity ููŠ ุฃูŠ element ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ element ูˆุงู„ุทุฑู
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:40:10,250 --> 00:40:17,650
1515
+ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† Z of G ุฃูˆ ุงู„ X ููŠ .. ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠูƒ Z of G ููŠ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:40:17,650 --> 00:40:23,550
1519
+ ู…ู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ X ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุทูŠู„ูƒ ุฅู† Z of G is a normal
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:40:23,550 --> 00:40:27,590
1523
+ subgroup ู…ู† G ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ู„ุช ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุจุณูŠุทุฉ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:40:27,590 --> 00:40:31,710
1527
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ุฃูˆูŠ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ ุจูŠุฃุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:40:31,710 --> 00:40:37,100
1531
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุณ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุณุญู†ุงู‡ุง
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:40:37,100 --> 00:40:43,080
1535
+ ุงู„ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู†ุง .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุขู† X Z X inverse ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณูˆูŠ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:40:43,080 --> 00:40:47,080
1539
+ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณูˆูŠ ..
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:40:47,080 --> 00:40:51,160
1543
+ ุฎู„ูŠูƒู… ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ subgroup ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง X ููŠ G
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:40:51,160 --> 00:40:55,440
1547
+ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุชุนุงู„ ุดูˆู ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:40:55,440 --> 00:41:00,220
1551
+ ุฌูŠุช ุฃุดูˆู ู‡ุฐุง ุดูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู…ุดูŠ ุทู„ุน ู…ูŠู† ุทู„ุน ู‡ูˆ Z
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:41:00,220 --> 00:41:06,350
1555
+ of G ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ subset ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ subset ูˆู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุงุด
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:41:06,350 --> 00:41:12,730
1559
+ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู„ุฅู† ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู€ subset ุฌุจู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู„ูˆ ู‚ุฏุฑุช ุชุซุจุช
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:41:12,730 --> 00:41:17,230
1563
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุฌุจ ุจุณ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:41:17,230 --> 00:41:21,710
1567
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃุญุท ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ูƒู„ุงู… ุตุญ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู…ุง ุญุฏุง
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:41:21,710 --> 00:41:24,790
1571
+ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุบู„ุท ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุณ ุฃู†ุง ุญุจูŠุช ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:41:24,790 --> 00:41:28,910
1575
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ุญุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ normal ุฎู„ุงุตู†ุง ูˆู„ุง
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:41:28,910 --> 00:41:34,440
1579
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุนุชุฑุถ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุฑู‚ู…
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:41:34,440 --> 00:41:40,000
1583
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุทุจ ู†ุฌูŠุจ ู„ูƒ ู…ุซุงู„ ุฑู‚ู… ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ู„ูƒ ู…ู†
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:41:40,000 --> 00:41:44,800
1587
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุจุฏู†ุง ู…ุด ู†ุจุนุฏ ู„ุณู‡ ุณู…ุนุช ุจุงู„
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:41:44,800 --> 00:41:49,000
1591
+ special linear group of two by two matrices over R
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:41:49,000 --> 00:41:56,770
1595
+ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฏุนูŠ ุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† normal ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ special linear
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:41:56,770 --> 00:42:02,150
1599
+ group of two by two matrices over R ู‡ุฐูŠ normal ู…ู†
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:42:02,150 --> 00:42:06,070
1603
+ ุงู„ู€ general linear group of two by two matrices
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:42:06,070 --> 00:42:11,990
1607
+ over R ู„ูŠุด ู‡ุฐูŠุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ุดุฑุทูŠู† ุงู„ุดุฑุท ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ุง
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:42:11,990 --> 00:42:17,230
1611
+ subgroup ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ normality ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:42:17,230 --> 00:42:19,450
1615
+ ุงู„ุขู† solution
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:42:22,250 --> 00:42:26,870
1619
+ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ special linear group of two by
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:42:26,870 --> 00:42:31,330
1623
+ two matrices over R subgroup ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ general linear
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:42:31,330 --> 00:42:38,350
1627
+ group of two by two matrices over R ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุซุงู„
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:42:38,350 --> 00:42:47,010
1631
+ ุณุงุจู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุงู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุทุจ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฑูˆุญ ุขุฎุฐ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:42:47,010 --> 00:42:51,990
1635
+ element ู…ู† G ูˆุจุฏูŠ ุขุฎุฐ element ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ special ูˆุงุดูˆู
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:42:51,990 --> 00:42:55,690
1639
+ ุญุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ู€ element ู…ู† G ููŠ ุงู„ู€ element ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:42:55,690 --> 00:43:00,390
1643
+ special ููŠ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„ู€ element ุชุจุนูŠ ุงู†ุทู„ุน ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู€
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:43:00,390 --> 00:43:03,330
1647
+ determinant ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุตู„
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:43:03,330 --> 00:43:06,260
1651
+ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆุฅู†ู‘ ุงู„ู€ special ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:43:06,260 --> 00:43:11,840
1655
+ special ู‡ู‡ normal subgroup ู…ู† main ู…ู† G ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:43:11,840 --> 00:43:14,480
1659
+ ุจุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ุฃูƒุชุจ ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุฌุฑุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:43:28,720 --> 00:43:34,740
1663
+ ุฃูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ A ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ general linear group of
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:43:34,740 --> 00:43:41,000
1667
+ 2 by 2 matrices over R ูˆูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ special
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:43:41,000 --> 00:43:48,000
1671
+ linear group of 2 by 2 matrices over R ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุขุฎุฐ
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:43:48,000 --> 00:43:54,640
1675
+ ุงู„ู€ A ุจู€ A ุฅู†ูุฑุณ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุฃุซุจุช ุฅู†ู‘ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:43:54,640 --> 00:43:58,860
1679
+ Special ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดุฑุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑุท ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:43:58,860 --> 00:44:03,200
1683
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญู†ุฉ ุฃู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุงูˆู„
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:44:03,200 --> 00:44:09,300
1687
+ ุฃุซุจุชู‡ุง ูุจุฏูŠ ุขุฎุฐ determinant ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุตููˆูุฉ
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:44:09,300 --> 00:44:15,530
1691
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุฌุจุฑ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ determinant ู„ู„ู€ A ููŠ
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:44:15,530 --> 00:44:19,970
1695
+ ุงู„ู€ determinant ู„ู„ู€ B ููŠ ุงู„ู€ determinant ู„ู„ู€ A
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:44:19,970 --> 00:44:23,650
1699
+ inverse ุตุงุฑูˆุง ู‡ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ real numbers ุงู„ู€ real
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:44:23,650 --> 00:44:28,350
1703
+ numbers are commutes ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ determinant ู„ู„ู€
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:44:28,350 --> 00:44:33,070
1707
+ A ููŠ ุงู„ู€ determinant ู„ู„ู€ A inverse ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:44:33,070 --> 00:44:37,870
1711
+ determinant ู„ู„ู€ B ูŠุจู‚ู‰ .. ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฑุฌุนู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุตู„ู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:44:37,870 --> 00:44:42,170
1715
+ ุงู„ู€ determinant ู„ู„ู€ A ููŠ ุงู„ู€ A inverse ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:44:42,170 --> 00:44:47,280
1719
+ determinant ู„ู„ู€ B ุงู„ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ููŠู…ุง ุนูƒูˆุฒู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู€
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:44:47,280 --> 00:44:52,240
1723
+ determinant ู„ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ determinant ู„ู„ู€ B
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:44:52,240 --> 00:44:58,920
1727
+ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ู‚ุฏูŠุดุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ุจู€
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:44:58,920 --> 00:45:03,320
1731
+ B ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ุจุงู„ู€ Special ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:45:03,320 --> 00:45:09,800
1735
+ ุงู„ู€
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:45:09,800 --> 00:45:14,980
1739
+ ABA inverse ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Special Linear Group of
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:45:14,980 --> 00:45:20,280
1743
+ 2x2 matrices over R ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ Special Linear
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:45:20,280 --> 00:45:25,400
1747
+ Group of 2x2 matrices over R is a normal subgroup
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:45:25,400 --> 00:45:30,620
1751
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ General Linear Group of 2x2 matrices over R
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:45:31,450 --> 00:45:38,970
1755
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุขุฎุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฎุฐ ู…ุซุงู„
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:45:38,970 --> 00:45:43,390
1759
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุซุงู„
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:45:43,390 --> 00:45:49,030
1763
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ the alternating
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:45:49,030 --> 00:45:53,490
1767
+ group
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:45:53,490 --> 00:45:59,850
1771
+ the alternating group ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:46:04,190 --> 00:46:10,170
1775
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฌุฑูˆุจ An is
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:46:10,170 --> 00:46:19,130
1779
+ a normal subgroup ู…ู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Sn ู„ูŠุด
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:46:19,130 --> 00:46:22,450
1783
+ ู‡ุฐูŠ normal ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ because
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:46:26,200 --> 00:46:31,900
1787
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุขุฎุฐ element ููŠ Sn ูˆ element ููŠ An ุทุจุนุง ุฃู†ุง
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:46:31,900 --> 00:46:36,460
1791
+ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุงู‡ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ subgroup ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ู€ a for
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:46:36,460 --> 00:46:42,680
1795
+ because ุงู„ู€ An ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ู€ subgroup ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Sn and
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:46:45,520 --> 00:46:55,140
1799
+ Alpha ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ S in and Beta ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ A in
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:46:55,140 --> 00:47:05,920
1803
+ then ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ Sn ูˆุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ An ูˆู…ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ Sm ู„ูˆ
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:47:05,920 --> 00:47:11,420
1807
+ ุทู„ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… even ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุญุตู„ุช ุถุฑุจูˆูŠู† ููŠ Sn
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:47:11,420 --> 00:47:19,110
1811
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุงุฏุฆุฉ ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† even ูˆู‚ุฏ
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:47:19,110 --> 00:47:24,150
1815
+ ุชูƒูˆู† odd ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ sense ุฅู† ูƒุงู† even ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณุฉ
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:47:24,150 --> 00:47:28,370
1819
+ even ู‡ุฐู‡ even ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฅู† ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ odd ู‡ุฐู‡
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:47:28,370 --> 00:47:32,370
1823
+ even ู‡ุฐู‡ odd ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ even ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:47:32,370 --> 00:47:36,770
1827
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุฎุท ุทุจุนุง ุฃุซุจุชู†ุงู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุฅูŠู‡
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:47:36,770 --> 00:47:44,930
1831
+ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุงู‡ุง ุณุคุงู„ ูˆุญู„ู†ุงู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ then ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ An
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:47:44,930 --> 00:47:54,870
1835
+ because ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุฅู†ู‘ even ุฒุงุฆุฏ even ุฒุงุฆุฏ even ุจุฏู‡
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:47:54,870 --> 00:48:05,410
1839
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ even and odd ุฒุงุฆุฏ even ุฒุงุฆุฏ odd ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:48:05,410 --> 00:48:10,870
1843
+ even ู…ุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ normal ุทุจุนุง ุจู†ูƒู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:48:10,870 --> 00:48:12,950
1847
+ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
PL9fwy3NUQKwZKOpj354PRgwYPWWgxchnI/RNahrP2LIYY.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1819 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,580 --> 00:00:26,400
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:26,400 --> 00:00:31,940
7
+ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† S ูˆ T are
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:31,940 --> 00:00:37,970
11
+ relatively prime ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ U<sub>S</sub>T isomorphic ู„ู„ู€ U<sub>S</sub>
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:37,970 --> 00:00:43,470
15
+ External Product ู…ุน ู…ู† ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ U<sub>T</sub> ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃูƒุชุจ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:43,470 --> 00:00:48,230
19
+ ุงู„ู€ U<sub>N</sub> ุนู„ู‰ ุตูŠุบุฉ External Product ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู€ two
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:48,230 --> 00:00:52,070
23
+ groups ู„ู€ three groups ู„ู€ four groups ูˆู…ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:52,070 --> 00:00:57,840
27
+ ุจุดุฑุท ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ S ูˆ ุงู„ T are relatively prime ูˆุฃุฎุฐู†ุง
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:57,840 --> 00:01:06,060
31
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฃู† U<sub>S</sub>T ุนู„ู‰ S isomorphic ู„ U<sub>T</sub> ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ U
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:06,060 --> 00:01:12,820
35
+ T ู„ U<sub>S</sub>T isomorphic ู„ U<sub>S</sub> ูˆุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฑูˆู„ุฑ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:12,820 --> 00:01:18,300
39
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… M ูˆุงุณุชุทุนู†ุง ุงู„ู€ M ู†ูƒุชุจู‡
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:18,300 --> 00:01:23,100
43
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ M ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ N ูˆุงุญุฏ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:26,550 --> 00:01:32,090
47
+ ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… are relatively prime
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:32,090 --> 00:01:37,790
51
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ n<sub>i</sub> ู…ุน n<sub>j</sub> ุงุซู†ูŠู† are relatively prime ู„ูƒู„ i ู„ุง
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:37,790 --> 00:01:43,440
55
+ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ j ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ U<sub>M</sub>
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:43,440 --> 00:01:54,000
59
+ ุงูŠุฒูˆ ู…ูˆุฑููŠูƒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู„ู€ U<sub>N<sub>1</sub></sub> U<sub>N<sub>2</sub></sub> U<sub>N<sub>3</sub></sub> U<sub>N</sub> ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:54,000 --> 00:02:02,330
63
+ U<sub>N<sub>N</sub></sub> ุงู„ุขู† ุฅู† ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฅู† ูƒู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู„ู€ ุฅู† ูƒู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:02:02,330 --> 00:02:07,890
67
+ ุจุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุฅู† ูƒู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ุขู†
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:02:07,890 --> 00:02:13,210
71
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃุดุชุบู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠู‹ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… 105
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:02:13,210 --> 00:02:17,990
75
+ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชูƒุชุจู‡ุง ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู‡ู„
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:17,990 --> 00:02:23,410
79
+ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชูƒุชุจ ุงู„ู€ 105 ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ isomorphic ู„ two groupsุŸ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:23,410 --> 00:02:29,370
83
+ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ูƒูŠูุŸ ุจุชุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ relative
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:29,370 --> 00:02:34,330
87
+ to prime ูˆุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจู‡ู…ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 105 ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุนุทูˆู†ูŠ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:34,330 --> 00:02:43,090
91
+ ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู†ุŸ 21 ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:43,090 --> 00:02:54,010
95
+ ุนู† U ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ 21 ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ 5
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:54,010 --> 00:02:59,620
99
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ isomorphic ู„ U<sub>21</sub> External
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:59,620 --> 00:03:11,640
103
+ Product ู…ุน U<sub>5</sub> ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€ U<sub>105</sub> ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† U<sub>15</sub>
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:03:11,640 --> 00:03:19,260
107
+ ููŠ 7 ููŠ 15 ร— ุฃูˆ 5 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… isomorphic
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:03:19,260 --> 00:03:27,060
111
+ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู€ U<sub>15</sub> Extended like product ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน U<sub>7</sub>
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:03:27,060 --> 00:03:34,950
115
+ ุฃุฌูˆุงุญ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ู…ู†ูƒู… ุณู…ุนุช ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ U<sub>105</sub> ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:03:34,950 --> 00:03:41,990
119
+ U<sub>35</sub> ููŠ 3 ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูƒู„ุงู…ูƒ ุตุญ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:41,990 --> 00:03:47,510
123
+ isomorphic ู„ู€ U<sub>35</sub> external product ู…ุน
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:47,510 --> 00:03:54,550
127
+ U<sub>3</sub> ู‡ุฌูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ U<sub>105</sub> ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ U
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:54,550 --> 00:04:03,020
131
+ 105 ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ U<sub>3</sub> ููŠ 5 ููŠ 7 3 ูˆ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:04:03,020 --> 00:04:06,760
135
+ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ are relatively prime ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐูŠ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:04:06,760 --> 00:04:12,360
139
+ isomorphic ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ูŠู‡<sub>3</sub> external direct product
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:04:12,360 --> 00:04:17,500
143
+ ู„ูŠู‡<sub>5</sub> external direct product ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ูŠู‡<sub>7</sub>
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:04:17,500 --> 00:04:21,140
147
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูŠุณ ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† two groups ูˆู‡ู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู†
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:04:21,140 --> 00:04:27,850
151
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† K ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:04:27,850 --> 00:04:31,770
155
+ ูƒู„ู‡ุง relative ู„ุฃู† ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฎุฐุช ุฃูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:04:31,770 --> 00:04:35,890
159
+ relatively main ูˆ relatively prime ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:04:35,890 --> 00:04:40,950
163
+ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูˆุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:40,950 --> 00:04:48,430
167
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุณุจ ู„ุฃูŠ ุฑู‚ู… ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุณุจ U ู…ุซู„ุงู‹
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:48,430 --> 00:04:55,200
171
+ 15 ู„ 105 ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชุนุฑู ู…ูŠู† ุนู†ุงุตุฑู‡ุง
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:55,200 --> 00:05:00,540
175
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุชุช ุฃุนุทูŠู†ุงูƒู… ุชุนุฑูŠู ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู‡ุง ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ูƒู„
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:05:00,540 --> 00:05:05,640
179
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ X ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ X modulo K ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:05:05,640 --> 00:05:10,220
183
+ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุชุนุฑูŠู ูƒุชุจู†ุงู‡ ู…ุนุงูƒู… ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุชุช ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:05:10,220 --> 00:05:17,680
187
+ ุฃุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู€ 105 ูˆุฃุฑูˆุญ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู€ U<sub>15</sub> ุนู„ู‰
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:05:17,680 --> 00:05:23,610
191
+ 105 ุฃุธู† ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู‚ุนุฏ ุฃูƒุชุจ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู€ 105 ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู‡ุชุฃุฎุฐู†ุง
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:05:23,610 --> 00:05:27,350
195
+ ุฎู…ุณ ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ ูˆู†ุญู† ู‚ุงุนุฏูŠู† ู†ุณุชู†ุชุฌ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฑุชุจ ุงู„ู€
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:05:27,350 --> 00:05:33,530
199
+ prime ู…ุน 105 ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุณุจ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:05:33,530 --> 00:05:39,750
203
+ ููŠ U<sub>15</sub> 105 ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุงู‚ุต
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:39,750 --> 00:05:45,190
207
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ู…ุถุงุนูุงุช ุงู„ู€ 15 ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ 16
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:45,190 --> 00:05:50,660
211
+ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณ ูˆุงู„ู€ 16 ุฏู‡ ู…ุง ู†ุญุท ุฑู‚ู… ู‚ุฏุงู…ู‡ ูˆู„ู…ุง
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:50,660 --> 00:05:54,460
215
+ ุชุญุท ุฑู‚ู… ู‚ุฏุงู…ู‡ ุชุชุฃูƒุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ู‡ุฐุง relatively
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:54,460 --> 00:05:58,160
219
+ prime ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ 105 ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุญุชู‰ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู†
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:58,160 --> 00:06:02,200
223
+ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู€ 105 ุงู„ู€ 16 ู…ู† ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู€ 105
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:06:02,200 --> 00:06:05,340
227
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุจูŠู‚ุณู…ุด ุบูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ 2 ูˆ 4 ูˆ 8 ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:06:05,340 --> 00:06:10,480
231
+ ูƒู„ู‡ุง relatively prime ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ 105 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ 16
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:06:10,480 --> 00:06:16,330
235
+ ุดุฑูŠูƒ 31 ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุŸ ูˆ31 ูˆ15 ููŠ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:06:16,330 --> 00:06:20,630
239
+ 32 ูˆ1 31 ูˆุงู„ู€ 31
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:06:20,630 --> 00:06:24,210
243
+ is a prime ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ relative to the prime ู…ุน ุฃูŠ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:06:24,210 --> 00:06:30,630
247
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ 46 46 relative to the
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:06:30,630 --> 00:06:35,590
251
+ prime ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ 105 ู„ู‡ 2 ููŠ 23
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:35,590 --> 00:06:38,590
255
+ 2 relative to the prime ูˆุงู„ู€ 23 ูŠุจู‚ู‰
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:38,590 --> 00:06:43,900
259
+ ูุนู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ 46 ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ 61 ุฃู†ุง ุจุถูŠู
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:43,900 --> 00:06:48,380
263
+ ูƒู„ู‡ 5 ุนุดุงู† ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ู€ 61 ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู„ุฃู† 1 ูˆ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:48,380 --> 00:06:54,060
267
+ 60 is a prime ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ 6 ูˆ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:54,060 --> 00:07:00,300
271
+ 70 6 ูˆ70 ุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ุดูŠู„ ู…ู† 15 ู…ุถู„
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:07:00,300 --> 00:07:03,580
275
+ ุฌุฏุงุด ู…ุถู„ 1 ูƒู„ุงู… ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู€ 6 ูˆ70
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:07:03,580 --> 00:07:08,000
279
+ relative ู„ prime ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ 105 ุนู„ู‰ 5 ุจุชุฌูŠุด
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:07:08,000 --> 00:07:13,920
283
+ ูˆุนู„ู‰ 7 ุจุชุฌูŠุด ูˆุนู„ู‰ 3 ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุชุฌูŠุด ูˆูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ 6
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:07:13,920 --> 00:07:20,600
287
+ ูˆ70 ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ 91 75
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:07:20,600 --> 00:07:25,280
291
+ ูˆ15 90 ูƒู…ุงู† 1 91 ู…ุนุงู‡ู… ุญุท ูŠุนู†ูŠ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:07:25,280 --> 00:07:33,410
295
+ ุทุจ 7 ููŠ 13 ุจู‚ุฏุงุดุŸ ูˆ91 ุทุจ ุงู„ู€ 7 ุจุชูƒุณุจ ุนู„ู‰
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:33,410 --> 00:07:38,070
299
+ 7 ูˆุงู„ู€ 105 ุจุชูƒุณุจ ุนู„ู‰ 7 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ 91 ู…ุด ู…ู†ู‡ู…
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:38,070 --> 00:07:43,910
303
+ ุจุฏูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† 15 ุจูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ 105,106 ุจุฑุง ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:43,910 --> 00:07:50,630
307
+ ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฅู„ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุชู…ุงู… ุดูˆูุช
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:50,630 --> 00:07:55,630
311
+ ูƒูŠู ุจู†ุญุณุจู‡ุง ุงุฎุชุงุฑ ู„ูŠ ุฃูŠ ุฑู‚ู… ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:55,630 --> 00:08:01,470
315
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ุณู… 105 ุญุชู‰ ู†ุญุณุจู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ 15
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:08:01,470 --> 00:08:11,800
319
+ ุฃู„ูŠุณ isomorphic ู„ู€ 7 ู„ุฃู† 7 ููŠ 15 ุจ 105
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:08:11,800 --> 00:08:16,340
323
+ ูˆ5 ูˆู†ุญู† ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ U<sub>S</sub> ุนู„ู‰ S<sub>T</sub> isomorphic
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:08:16,340 --> 00:08:21,360
327
+ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู€ U<sub>T</sub> ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุญู† ู‡ู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง U<sub>15</sub> ูˆู‡ุฐุง
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:08:21,360 --> 00:08:25,000
331
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† 15 ููŠ 7 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ isomorphic ู„ู€ U<sub>7</sub>
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:08:25,000 --> 00:08:30,170
335
+ U<sub>7</sub> ูƒู… ุนู†ุตุฑ ููŠู‡ุŸ 6 ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ 6 1 2
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:08:30,170 --> 00:08:34,490
339
+ 3 4 5 6 ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ู†ุงุตุนูŠุฉ 100 ู„ 100 ุชู…ุงู…
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:08:34,490 --> 00:08:39,450
343
+ ุงุฎุชุงุฑ ู„ูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุฑู‚ู… ุขุฎุฑ ู†ุญุณุจู‡ ู„ูƒ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:08:39,450 --> 00:08:48,470
347
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ู†ุญุณุจ ู†ุญุณุจ ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูƒููŠ ูŠูˆู… 15
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:48,470 --> 00:08:54,730
351
+ 35 35 ุฃู†ุช ุฌุจุช ุฃุณู‡ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุทุจ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:54,730 --> 00:08:57,270
355
+ ู…ู† ุฃู†ุง ู…ุง ุฃุนุฑู ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ ูŠู„ุง ูŠุง ุฃุจูˆ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:57,270 --> 00:09:02,170
359
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… 36 ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู‡ ู…ุนุฑูˆู
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:09:02,170 --> 00:09:06,310
363
+ ุฃุฌู†ุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ 36 36 ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ุฎุชู„ู ู…ู†ู‡ู…
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:09:06,310 --> 00:09:11,550
367
+ ุจุต ุจุต ุจุต 36 ู…ู†ู‡ู… 36 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุจู„ู‰
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:09:11,550 --> 00:09:15,850
371
+ prime ู…ุน 105 ู…ุด ุจูŠูƒุณุจ ู…ุน 3 36
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:09:15,850 --> 00:09:20,170
375
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุฏู‡ ู…ุด ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุญุทู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุฌุฑุฉ ูŠู„ุง 71 71
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:09:20,170 --> 00:09:30,240
379
+ 71 ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุฃูƒูŠุฏุŸ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ูŠุง ุฑุงุฌู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:09:30,240 --> 00:09:37,060
383
+ ู…ุด ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุทุจ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุญุท ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุทุจ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ูˆู„ุง
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:09:37,060 --> 00:09:43,860
387
+ ููŠู‡ ูƒู…ุงู†ุŸ ูƒุฏู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจุตูŠุฑุŸ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:09:43,860 --> 00:09:48,760
391
+ ุจุฑู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠุด ุฅู„ุง ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู†ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูŠู†
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:09:48,760 --> 00:09:56,340
395
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ U<sub>35</sub> ูˆู‡ุฐุง isomorphic ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ูŠู‡<sub>3</sub>
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:56,340 --> 00:10:02,120
399
+ ู„ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง isomorphic ู„ู€ U<sub>3</sub> ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:10:02,120 --> 00:10:07,060
403
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ุฎุทุฑ ุฃู† ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุฑู‚ู… ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุณู‡ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌูŠุจ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:10:07,060 --> 00:10:13,540
407
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุฒูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุฒูŠ U<sub>105</sub> ุฃุจุตุงุฑ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:10:13,540 --> 00:10:18,640
411
+ ู‚ุฏูŠุด ูŠู„ุง ุฃุฎุชุงุฑ ู„ูƒ 7 15 15 ุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:10:18,640 --> 00:10:22,640
415
+ ุจุฏูƒ 21 5 ุงู‡ 21
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:10:44,500 --> 00:10:48,020
419
+ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุชู‡ ููŠ 35 ุจูŠุนุทูŠูƒ 105
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:10:48,020 --> 00:10:52,880
423
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ 3 ู…ุตุจูˆุท ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง isomorphic
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:10:52,880 --> 00:10:58,740
427
+ ู„ู€ U<sub>3</sub> ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฑู‚ู… ุซุงู†ูŠ U ู‚ุฏุงุด ู‚ู„ุชูˆุง
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:10:58,740 --> 00:11:06,060
431
+ 21 21 ูŠูุฌู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจุนุฏูƒ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:11:06,060 --> 00:11:11,880
435
+ 22 ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง ู…ุด 22
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:11:11,880 --> 00:11:13,780
439
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ 2 ููŠ 21 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ prime ู‡ูˆ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:11:13,780 --> 00:11:18,900
443
+ 105 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ 22 ุทุจ 3 ูˆ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:11:18,900 --> 00:11:27,800
447
+ 40 ู…ู†ู‡ู… 21 ููŠ 2 ุจ 42 ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:11:27,800 --> 00:11:27,960
451
+ ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:11:27,960 --> 00:11:33,820
455
+ ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:11:33,820 --> 00:11:34,800
459
+ ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:11:34,800 --> 00:11:36,780
463
+ ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:11:36,780 --> 00:11:46,880
467
+ ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบุท ุงุถุบ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:11:47,650 --> 00:11:53,250
471
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ 64 ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุชู‡ ููŠ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:11:53,250 --> 00:11:59,390
475
+ 4 ุจุตูŠุฑ 81 85 ู„ูŠุณ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:11:59,390 --> 00:12:01,850
479
+ relatively prime ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน 105 ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:12:01,850 --> 00:12:06,910
483
+ ุจูŠูƒุณุจ ุนู„ู‰ 5 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุญุทู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุฌุฑุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู€ 4
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:12:06,910 --> 00:12:13,350
487
+ ูˆ80 ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช ููŠ 5 ุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ 105 ูŠุจู‚ู‰
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:12:13,350 --> 00:12:18,170
491
+ ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅู„ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:12:18,170 --> 00:12:25,630
495
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ูˆู‡ุฐุง isomorphic ู„ูŠู‡<sub>5</sub> ุชู…ุงู… ู„ุฃู†ู‡ 5 ููŠ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:12:25,630 --> 00:12:31,050
499
+ 21 ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจ 105 .. 105 ุชุทู„ุน ูŠู‡<sub>5</sub>
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:12:31,050 --> 00:12:35,070
503
+ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ูˆู…ุงุนู†ุงุด
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:12:35,070 --> 00:12:41,100
507
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅู„ุง ู…ูŠู† ุฅู„ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ูˆูˆุถุน ุงู„ุดุบู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุฏู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:12:41,100 --> 00:12:46,320
511
+ ุงู„ู€U ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฌุฏุฑ ุชุฌูŠุจู‡ุง isomorphic ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู€groups
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:12:46,320 --> 00:12:51,460
515
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€external product ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู€groups ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู„ุณู‡
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:12:51,460 --> 00:12:57,100
519
+ ููŠ ูƒู„ุงู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู†
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:12:57,100 --> 00:13:03,120
523
+ ุงู„ู€U groups ุฃุญูˆู„ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ isomorphic ู„ู€cyclic ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:13:03,120 --> 00:13:09,240
527
+ ู„ู€groups ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ Z2 ูˆZ3 ูˆZ4 ูˆZ5 ูˆZ10 ูˆZ30 ูˆู…ุง ุฅู„ู‰
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:13:09,240 --> 00:13:14,770
531
+ ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:13:14,770 --> 00:13:19,430
535
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุจุฑู‡ู†ุช ููŠ ุฅุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฌุน ุงู„ุชูŠ ุงุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:13:19,430 --> 00:13:28,230
539
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ูƒุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ we have the
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:13:28,230 --> 00:13:36,170
543
+ following notes ุฃูˆ the following facts ุฏูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:13:36,170 --> 00:13:45,210
547
+ ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ U2 isomorphic
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:13:45,210 --> 00:13:51,430
551
+ ูู‚ุท ู„ุณุช ู„ูุด ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆ ุงู„
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:13:51,430 --> 00:14:04,550
555
+ U4 isomorphic ู„ู…ุงู… ู„ U isomorphic ู„ U2 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฃูˆ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:14:04,550 --> 00:14:13,770
559
+ ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ U2 ุชุฑุงุจูŠุน ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ isomorphic ู„ Z2 ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:14:13,770 --> 00:14:25,110
563
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ U2 ุฃูุณ N isomorphic ู„ Z2 External
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:14:25,110 --> 00:14:36,130
567
+ Direct Product ู…ุน Zุฒุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฃูุณ N ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฃูุณ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:14:36,130 --> 00:14:43,630
571
+ N four N ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูˆ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:14:43,630 --> 00:14:51,230
575
+ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ U P to the power N isomorphic ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:14:51,230 --> 00:15:08,110
579
+ Z P N ู†ุงู‚ุต P ุฃุณ N ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ for P and N prime ุงู„ู€ P
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:15:08,110 --> 00:15:13,090
583
+ and odd a prime so
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:15:13,090 --> 00:15:25,230
587
+ we can write we can write ุงู„ U-groups ุงู„ U-groups
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:15:25,230 --> 00:15:31,490
591
+ as an external direct product as an external
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:15:31,490 --> 00:15:36,970
595
+ direct product
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:15:39,750 --> 00:15:52,890
599
+ external product of cyclic groups ู†ุนุทูŠ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:15:52,890 --> 00:15:59,750
603
+ ู…ุซุงู„ example write
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:16:03,490 --> 00:16:13,370
607
+ ูŠูˆ ุณุจุนู…ุงุฆุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ูŠูˆ ุณุจุนู…ุงุฆุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† as
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:16:13,370 --> 00:16:21,070
611
+ an external direct product as an external direct
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:16:21,070 --> 00:16:28,950
615
+ product external
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:16:28,950 --> 00:16:31,610
619
+ direct product of
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:16:34,130 --> 00:16:50,950
623
+ cyclic groups ู†ุฑุฌุน
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:16:50,950 --> 00:16:56,230
627
+ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูˆู†ุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:16:56,230 --> 00:17:02,010
631
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ุงุฐุง ู†ุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:17:02,010 --> 00:17:08,350
635
+ ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ U2 isomorphic ู„ู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ as a set
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:17:08,350 --> 00:17:12,510
639
+ ุทุจุนุง U2 ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ุฅู„ุง element ู„ู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:17:12,510 --> 00:17:18,370
643
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุถุน ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ู„ trivial case ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุจุฏูŠู‡ูŠุฉ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:17:18,370 --> 00:17:26,850
647
+ U4 ู„ U2 ุชุฑุจูŠุน isomorphic ู„ Z2 ู„ุฃู† U4 ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุงู… ุนู†ุตุฑ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:17:28,400 --> 00:17:31,100
651
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:17:31,100 --> 00:17:31,580
655
+ ูŠูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠูˆ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:17:31,580 --> 00:17:33,480
659
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:17:33,480 --> 00:17:36,180
663
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:17:36,180 --> 00:17:44,480
667
+ ูŠูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:17:44,480 --> 00:17:45,540
671
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:17:45,540 --> 00:17:53,960
675
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:17:53,960 --> 00:18:00,350
679
+ ูŠูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุขู† ูุตุงุนุฏุง ู†ุดุชุบู„ ุจุดูƒู„
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:18:00,350 --> 00:18:06,610
683
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ N ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุฃูุณ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุขู†
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:18:06,610 --> 00:18:15,470
687
+ ุงู„ UPN isomorphic ู„ุฒุฏ P ุฃุณ N ู…ุทุฑูˆุญุง ู…ู†ู‡ P ุฃุณ N
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:18:15,470 --> 00:18:21,030
691
+ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† P prime ูˆ P ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู† ู…ู†
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:18:21,030 --> 00:18:24,620
695
+ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูุตุงุนุฏุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:18:24,620 --> 00:18:29,060
699
+ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู†ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ูุงุฆุฏุชู‡ุŸ ูุงุฆุฏุชู‡
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:18:29,060 --> 00:18:34,420
703
+ ุฃู† ุงู„ group UN ู…ู‡ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:18:34,420 --> 00:18:40,300
707
+ isomorphic ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ cyclic groups ุดูˆ ุงู„ cyclic
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:18:40,300 --> 00:18:44,560
711
+ groups ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุจุฏู„ุงู„ุฉ z ูˆุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:18:44,560 --> 00:18:50,160
715
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ z2 ููŠ z3 ููŠ z4 ุณู‡ู„ ุญุณุงุจุชู‡ู… ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุฌุช ู„ูŠ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:18:50,160 --> 00:18:55,300
719
+ 720 ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูƒุชุจ ุฃุฑู‚ุงู…ู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ู„ู„ุฏู‡ุฑ ุฏูˆุจ ู†ุฎู„ุต ูˆุงุญู†ุง
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:18:55,300 --> 00:18:59,320
723
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ relative ู„ prime ู…ุน ู…ูŠู† ู…ุน
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:18:59,320 --> 00:19:04,000
727
+ ุงู„ 720 ู‚ุตุชู†ุง ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ูˆุญุฒูŠู†ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุจู‡ุฐุง
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:19:04,000 --> 00:19:08,480
731
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ Z ุจุตูŠุฑ ุณู‡ู„ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูุงุฆุฏุฉ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:19:08,480 --> 00:19:14,800
735
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุชุณู‡ูŠู„ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ู…ูŠู† ู…ุน ุงู„ U-groups
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:19:15,040 --> 00:19:20,560
739
+ ู†ุนุทูŠูƒ ู…ุซุงู„ ุชูˆุถูŠุญูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃูƒุชุจ ู„ U720 as a
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:19:20,560 --> 00:19:25,600
743
+ product of cyclic groups ุจู‚ู‰ ุฏูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุญู„
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:19:25,600 --> 00:19:31,060
747
+ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ solution ูŠุจู‚ู‰
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:19:31,060 --> 00:19:34,620
751
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ู„ U720
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:19:35,530 --> 00:19:42,230
755
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ุง Uly ุจุฏูŠ ุฃ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุทู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:19:42,230 --> 00:19:52,190
759
+ ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† 16ร—9ร—5 5ร—16 ุจู€ 80 80ร—9
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:19:52,190 --> 00:19:58,260
763
+ ุจู€ 8ร—9 ุจู€ 72 ูŠุนู†ูŠ 720 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุตุญูŠุญ ุจุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:19:58,260 --> 00:20:05,660
767
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ุงูŠุฒูˆ ู…ูˆุฑููƒ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู€ 16
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:20:05,660 --> 00:20:11,260
771
+ ุงูƒุณุชูŠุฑู†ุงู„ ุฏุงูŠูƒุง product ู…ุนุงู‡ ุชุณุนุฉ ุงูƒุณุชูŠุฑู†ุงู„ ุฏุงูŠูƒุง
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:20:11,260 --> 00:20:19,020
775
+ product ู…ุนุงู‡ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠุŸ ุฃู„ูŠุณุช U2 ุฃูุณ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:20:19,020 --> 00:20:25,200
779
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ Extended product ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุชุฑุงุจูŠุน Extended
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:20:25,200 --> 00:20:33,380
783
+ product ู„ U ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฃูุณ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:20:33,380 --> 00:20:36,880
787
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุชุฑุงุจูŠุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฒู…ุงู† ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:20:36,880 --> 00:20:41,880
791
+ ู‡ูˆ ู„ูŠุด ูƒุชุจุชู‡ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุŸ ุณูˆู ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุฅู„ู‰
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:20:41,880 --> 00:20:49,060
795
+ ุงู„ู€ Cyclic Group. ู„ูƒู† ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ู‡ุง ุจุฏู„ุงู„ุฉ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:20:49,060 --> 00:20:53,260
799
+ ุงู„ุฒุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุฏูŠ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุฏูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุชุฃูƒุฏ ุฃู†
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:20:53,260 --> 00:20:56,760
803
+ ูƒู„ุงู…ูŠ ู…ุงุฆุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ external product ู„ู„
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:20:56,760 --> 00:20:57,700
807
+ Cyclic Group
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:21:02,550 --> 00:21:08,190
811
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู…ุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุจุณุท ู‡ุงู„ุดุบู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:21:08,190 --> 00:21:14,710
815
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุจุณุท ู‡ุงู„ุดุบู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ .. ูˆ ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู†ูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:21:14,710 --> 00:21:22,410
819
+ ุทูŠุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ุฃู† ูƒุชุจุช ุงู„ู€ U 720 ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:21:22,410 --> 00:21:29,400
823
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุชุจุชู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ U2 ุฃู‚ุตู‰ 4 ู‡ู†ุง U2
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:21:29,400 --> 00:21:35,560
827
+ ุฃู‚ุตู‰ N ูˆ N ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 3 isomorphic ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅุฐุง
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:21:35,560 --> 00:21:41,320
831
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ isomorphic ู„ุฒุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† external
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:21:41,320 --> 00:21:47,700
835
+ direct product ู…ุน ุฒุฏ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:21:47,700 --> 00:21:53,650
839
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ n ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุทุจู‚ุช ู‡ุฐู‡
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:21:53,650 --> 00:21:58,210
843
+ ุนู„ู‰ main ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:21:58,210 --> 00:22:04,370
847
+ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ n ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู‡ุฐุง prime ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุฅุฐุง
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:22:04,370 --> 00:22:09,490
851
+ ุจูŠุฏุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ isomorphic ู„ู…ูŠู†
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:22:09,490 --> 00:22:18,300
855
+ ู„ุฒู‰ P ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆ N ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู†ุงู‚ุต ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุณ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:22:18,300 --> 00:22:23,920
859
+ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ุซู… ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงุณุชูŠู‚ุธู†ุง ุถุงูŠู‚
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:22:23,920 --> 00:22:30,900
863
+ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู…ุน U ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Z ูƒุฏู‡
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:22:30,900 --> 00:22:39,380
867
+ ุฅูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ZP ูŠุนู†ูŠ Z ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃุณ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃุณ ูˆุงุญุฏ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:22:39,380 --> 00:22:46,500
871
+ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูˆุทุฉ ูˆูŠุฏ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐุง P ุจุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆ P
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:22:46,500 --> 00:22:52,960
875
+ ุจุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ N ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ S ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ุดูˆู ู‡ุฐู‡
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:22:52,960 --> 00:22:59,920
879
+ ุฅูŠุด ุตุงุฑุช ุตุงุฑุช ู‡ุฐู‡ Z ุงุซู†ูŠู† external product ู…ุน Z
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:22:59,920 --> 00:23:06,470
883
+ ุฃุจุตุฑ ุฌุฏุงุด ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:23:06,470 --> 00:23:13,110
887
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ isomorphic ู„ุฒุงุฏ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุชุฑุจูŠุน
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:23:13,110 --> 00:23:19,270
891
+ ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุณ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุชุณุนุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:23:19,270 --> 00:23:26,640
895
+ ุจุณุชุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ isomorphic ู„ุฒุงุฏ ุณุชุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃุณ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:23:26,640 --> 00:23:32,880
899
+ ุตูุฑ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃุณ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฎู…ุณุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:23:32,880 --> 00:23:39,580
903
+ ุฒุฏ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ุฃู† ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุฒุฏ ุณุจุนู…ุงุฆุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุตูŠุบุฉ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:23:39,580 --> 00:23:42,840
907
+ ุฒุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† external product ู„ุฒุฏ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ external
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:23:42,840 --> 00:23:48,220
911
+ product ู„ุฒุฏ ุณุชุฉ external product ู„ุฒุฏ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:23:48,220 --> 00:23:53,580
915
+ cyclic groups ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ group ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠูˆ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:23:53,580 --> 00:23:58,840
919
+ ุณุจุนู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฌุจุช group ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง isomorphism
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:23:58,840 --> 00:24:03,460
923
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ ูŠูˆ ุณุจุนู…ุงุฆุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:24:03,460 --> 00:24:06,940
927
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฌุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุชู„ูŠ element ุงู„
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:24:06,940 --> 00:24:12,020
931
+ order ุงู„ูˆ ูƒุฐุง ููŠ ุณุจุนู…ุงุฆุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู‡ู„
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:24:12,020 --> 00:24:16,840
935
+ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุจุณ ู„ูŠู‡ 720 ุตุนุจ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:24:16,840 --> 00:24:22,600
939
+ ุจุฌูŠุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงูุฆุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ูˆู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:24:22,600 --> 00:24:28,160
943
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ element ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ order ุนู†ุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุงู‡ ููŠ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:24:28,160 --> 00:24:28,960
947
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:24:31,410 --> 00:24:38,470
951
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูˆุถุน ู„ุชุจุณูŠุท ุงู„ุญุณุงุจุงุช ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:24:38,470 --> 00:24:42,270
955
+ groups ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:24:42,270 --> 00:24:49,730
959
+ ู†ุนุทูŠูƒ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:24:49,730 --> 00:24:55,230
963
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุฃู†ุช ุชุนูˆุฏุช ุนู„ู‰
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:24:55,230 --> 00:25:00,750
967
+ external product ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุนุทูŠูƒ ุณู†ุฉ ู…ู†
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:25:00,750 --> 00:25:06,910
971
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ example
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:25:06,910 --> 00:25:11,430
975
+ how
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:25:11,430 --> 00:25:16,950
979
+ many elements
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:25:16,950 --> 00:25:20,290
983
+ of
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:25:20,290 --> 00:25:21,930
987
+ order
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:25:51,070 --> 00:25:57,340
991
+ ุณุคุงู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู… ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:25:57,340 --> 00:26:03,080
995
+ order ุงู„ูˆ 12 ููŠ ุงู„ U ุณุจุนู…ุงุฆุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุทุจุนุง ุจุฏู†ุง
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:26:03,080 --> 00:26:07,160
999
+ ู†ู‚ุนุฏ ู†ุญุณุจ ูƒู„ element ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุชุทู„ุน ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ู…ุด ู‡ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:26:07,160 --> 00:26:10,800
1003
+ ู†ุญุณุจู‡ู… ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณุจุนู…ุงุฆุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูˆู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฌุงุกุชู‡ุง
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:26:10,800 --> 00:26:15,580
1007
+ isomorphic ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจุงุช ู‡ู†ุง
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:26:15,580 --> 00:26:22,700
1011
+ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ุฌุฏู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุณุงุจุงุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŒ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุทุจ ุจุชุฎู„ุต ุจุงู„ู„ู‡
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:26:22,700 --> 00:26:26,580
1015
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุนุชูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุฌูŠุจู‡ู…ุŸ ุทุจ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุณุงุนุชูŠู† ู…ู†
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:26:26,580 --> 00:26:31,460
1019
+ 9D ูˆุงุญุณุจ ู„ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ elements ุงู„ู„ูŠ relatively prime ู…ุน
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:26:31,460 --> 00:26:38,780
1023
+ 720ุŒ ูˆุงุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 12ุŒ ุฃู†ุช ุญุฑ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:26:38,780 --> 00:26:43,120
1027
+ ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุด ุฒุนู„ุงู†ุŒ ุจุณ ู‡ุชุงุฎุฏ ูˆู‚ุช ุฑู‡ูŠุจ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:26:43,120 --> 00:26:48,550
1031
+ ุฌุฏุงู‹ุŒ ุณุงุนุชูŠู†ูƒ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒููˆ ู„ุญุณุงุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุขู†
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:26:48,550 --> 00:26:57,170
1035
+ solution from the above example
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:26:58,670 --> 00:27:07,090
1039
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ุŒ ุงู„ู€ U720 ุฃูŠุฒูˆ ู…ูˆุฑููƒ ู„ู€ Z2
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:27:07,090 --> 00:27:13,590
1043
+ Extended like product ู…ุน Z4ุŒ Extended like product
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:27:13,590 --> 00:27:19,470
1047
+ ู…ุน Z6ุŒ Extended like product ู…ุน Z4
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:27:22,860 --> 00:27:31,920
1051
+ ุฃูŠ element ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุงู„ู€ order ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:27:31,920 --> 00:27:41,380
1055
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ู„ูˆ ุญุณุจู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ so the number of
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:27:41,380 --> 00:27:52,660
1059
+ elements of order ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ in u ุณุจุนู…ุงุฆุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูˆู†
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:27:54,980 --> 00:28:07,680
1063
+ equal of the number of elements of
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:28:07,680 --> 00:28:09,280
1067
+ order
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:28:26,260 --> 00:28:32,140
1071
+ ุทุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง section ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ุดุงู†
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:28:32,140 --> 00:28:38,950
1075
+ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€ element ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ู† ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:28:38,950 --> 00:28:43,370
1079
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ list common multiple ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู€ two
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:28:43,370 --> 00:28:47,330
1083
+ orders ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูƒูˆู† ุฌุงุจุช ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:28:47,330 --> 00:28:50,690
1087
+ element ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ external direct product
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:28:50,690 --> 00:28:57,210
1091
+ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุขุฎุฐ element ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ูˆุงูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ element
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:28:57,210 --> 00:29:03,010
1095
+ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 12ุŒ ูˆุฃุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ orders ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:29:03,010 --> 00:29:09,530
1099
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ let ุงู„ู€ a ูˆุงู„ู€ b ูˆุงู„ู€
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:29:09,530 --> 00:29:18,610
1103
+ c ูˆุงู„ู€ d ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ Z2 similar product ู…ุน Z4
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:29:18,610 --> 00:29:26,570
1107
+ similar product ู…ุน Z6ุŒ similar product ู…ุน Z4 such
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:29:26,570 --> 00:29:37,490
1111
+ that ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€ a ูˆุงู„ู€ b ูˆุงู„ู€ c ูˆุงู„ู€ d ูƒู„ู‡
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:29:37,490 --> 00:29:43,740
1115
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ุง ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ุงุฏูŠ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:29:43,740 --> 00:29:49,060
1119
+ ู„ู€ Z2ุŒ Z2 ูƒู… ุนู†ุตุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:29:49,060 --> 00:29:53,520
1123
+ order ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:29:53,520 --> 00:29:57,980
1127
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูŠ element ููŠ Z2 ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู‡ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:29:57,980 --> 00:30:02,280
1131
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ identity ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุทูŠุจ ุฎุฐ ู„ูŠ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:30:02,280 --> 00:30:09,080
1135
+ Z4 ุงู„ู€ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆูƒุฏู‡ ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู†
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:30:09,740 --> 00:30:14,620
1139
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŒ ุจุชุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู…
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:30:14,620 --> 00:30:17,820
1143
+ ุนู„ู‰ order ุจุชุชูƒู„ู…ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุง
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:30:17,820 --> 00:30:20,900
1147
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ูˆููŠู‡ ุบูŠุฑู‡ู…ุŸ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:30:20,900 --> 00:30:25,140
1151
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŒ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€ element ุจูŠุฌุณู… ู„ู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:30:25,140 --> 00:30:28,280
1155
+ group Z4 ููŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนู†ุงุตุฑุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู‚ุณู…ู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:30:28,280 --> 00:30:33,550
1159
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูู‚ุทุŒ ู„ุบูŠุฑ ููŠุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŒ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:30:33,550 --> 00:30:41,750
1163
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Z6ุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุณุชุฉุŒ ููŠ ุดุบู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ู€
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:30:41,750 --> 00:30:46,770
1167
+ Z4 ู‚ุจู„ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุถุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุฏูŠ ูˆุจู†ุงุก
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:30:46,770 --> 00:30:53,970
1171
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุฃุญุฏุฏ ูƒู… ุนู†ุตุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง any
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:30:53,970 --> 00:30:55,850
1175
+ element
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:30:57,770 --> 00:31:09,390
1179
+ ููŠ Z4 has order ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŒ Any element in Z4 has
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:31:09,390 --> 00:31:19,910
1183
+ order 1,2,4ุŒ ุฃูŠ element ููŠ Z6 has order 1,2,3,6ุŒ ุฃูŠ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:31:19,910 --> 00:31:27,930
1187
+ element ููŠ Z4ุŒ ููŠ Z4 has element 1,2,4
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:31:30,490 --> 00:31:34,090
1191
+ ุทูŠุจ ุฃู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€ element ุจุฏูŠ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:31:34,090 --> 00:31:38,870
1195
+ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ least common multiples ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู€ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ orders
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:31:38,870 --> 00:31:43,390
1199
+ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒุŸ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉุŒ ุทู„ุน ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ order ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:31:43,390 --> 00:31:48,290
1203
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุน ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุน
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:31:48,290 --> 00:31:53,850
1207
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุณ ุจูŠุฎุฑ ุจุดูƒู„ ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:31:53,850 --> 00:31:58,330
1211
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุจุญุซ ุจุณ ุนู† A ูˆB ูˆC ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูƒู†
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:31:58,330 --> 00:32:01,970
1215
+ ู‡ุฏุงูƒ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุญุณุงุจูŠ ู…ุด ุจุงู‡ูŠู… ู„ู‡ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฐูŠ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:32:01,970 --> 00:32:06,390
1219
+ ูŠุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ 12 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:32:06,390 --> 00:32:12,520
1223
+ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู‡ุฏุง 1 ูˆ2 ู…ุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:32:12,520 --> 00:32:18,140
1227
+ ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู† ุจุฏุฎู„ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏุงู„ูŠ ู„ู„ู€ 2 ูˆ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:32:18,140 --> 00:32:23,420
1231
+ 4 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ element A ุงู„ู€ order ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ 1
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:32:23,420 --> 00:32:31,450
1235
+ ูˆ2ุŒ ุงู„ู€ element B 1,2,4ุŒ ุงู„ู€ element C 1,2,3,6ุŒ ุงู„ู€
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:32:31,450 --> 00:32:38,570
1239
+ element D 1,2,4ุŒ ุทุจ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ main ุงู„ู€
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:32:38,570 --> 00:32:42,910
1243
+ least common multiple ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุดุŸ 12
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:32:42,910 --> 00:32:49,670
1247
+ ูˆุจุญูŠุซ ู‡ุง ุทู„ุน ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ูƒุฑุฑุฉ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:32:49,670 --> 00:32:54,210
1251
+ ู…ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ุง ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู„ู‡ุงุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:32:54,210 --> 00:32:58,690
1255
+ ุถุงู„ ุนู†ุฏ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‡
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:32:58,690 --> 00:33:04,170
1259
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุณูŠู‡ ูƒุงู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:33:04,170 --> 00:33:08,830
1263
+ ุฃูˆ ุณุชุฉุŒ ุทุจ ู„ูŠุด ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃูˆ ุณุชุฉุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:33:08,830 --> 00:33:12,730
1267
+ ู„ูŠุณ ูƒู… ุงู„ู€ multiple ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู‡ู… ู‚ุฏุงุดุŸ ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณุชุฉ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:33:12,730 --> 00:33:15,290
1271
+ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู„ูŠุณ ูƒู… ุงู„ู€ multiple ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู‡ู… ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:33:15,290 --> 00:33:21,820
1275
+ ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุณุงู‡ ูŠุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ู…ู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ order
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:33:21,820 --> 00:33:25,900
1279
+ ุทุจ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุช ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ู„ุชุญุช ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฏุงุฎู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจ ู„ุฅู†
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:33:25,900 --> 00:33:30,920
1283
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ D
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:33:30,920 --> 00:33:36,140
1287
+ ู…ุด ู‡ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŒ ู…ุด ู‡ุชุฌูŠุจ ู„ูŠ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฅุถุงูุฉ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:33:36,140 --> 00:33:41,240
1291
+ ุชุญุตูŠู„ ุญุงุตู„ุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:33:41,240 --> 00:33:44,040
1295
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ order ุงู„ู€ list common multiple ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:33:44,040 --> 00:33:48,460
1299
+ ูŠุทู„ุน ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุฎุฐ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ order
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:33:48,460 --> 00:33:54,180
1303
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ C ู„ู‡ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆุณุชุฉุŒ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆุงุฑุฏุŸ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:33:54,180 --> 00:33:59,180
1307
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชุญุตูŠู„ ุญุงุตู„ ุจุณูŠุทุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:33:59,180 --> 00:34:03,200
1311
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุงุฏูŠ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:34:13,770 --> 00:34:18,010
1315
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง multipleุŒ ุชุญุตูŠู„
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:34:18,010 --> 00:34:24,210
1319
+ ุญุงุตู„ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏูŠ ู…ุด ู‡ุชุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ we have
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:34:24,210 --> 00:34:30,050
1323
+ two cases
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:34:30,050 --> 00:34:35,910
1327
+ ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงู„ุชูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€ B ุจุฏู‡
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:34:35,910 --> 00:34:41,150
1331
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ C ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:34:41,150 --> 00:34:45,350
1335
+ ุณุชุฉุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ least common multiple
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:34:45,350 --> 00:34:48,730
1339
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ 12ุŒ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ least common multiple
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:34:48,730 --> 00:34:53,290
1343
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ 12ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูŠุฌูŠุจูˆุง ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ element ุงู„ู€ order ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:34:53,290 --> 00:35:00,190
1347
+ ูƒู…ุŸ ุงู„ู€ 12ุŒ ุทุจ ูƒู… ุนู†ุตุฑ ููŠ Z4 ุงู„ู€ order ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:35:00,190 --> 00:35:08,630
1351
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŸ ุจุณ ุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŒ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:35:08,630 --> 00:35:14,850
1355
+ ููŠ Z4 ุงู„ู€ order ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ูŠู…ุฌู‰ ุจูŠู‡
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:35:14,850 --> 00:35:20,890
1359
+ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุง ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุง ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŒ ุทูŠุจ C
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:35:20,890 --> 00:35:27,370
1363
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู‡ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู‡
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:35:27,370 --> 00:35:34,150
1367
+ ุณุชุฉุŒ ุฃุธู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู‡ ุณุชุฉุŒ ุทุจ ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŸ ุทุจ ูˆ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:35:34,150 --> 00:35:41,700
1371
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŸ ุงู„ู€ order ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŸ ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŸ ุทุจ ูˆุงู„ุณุชุฉุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:35:41,700 --> 00:35:45,780
1375
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:35:45,780 --> 00:35:48,240
1379
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:35:48,240 --> 00:35:48,920
1383
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:35:48,920 --> 00:35:49,520
1387
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:35:49,520 --> 00:35:50,300
1391
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:35:50,300 --> 00:35:50,340
1395
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:35:50,340 --> 00:35:53,380
1399
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:35:53,380 --> 00:35:58,440
1403
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:35:58,440 --> 00:36:03,500
1407
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:36:03,500 --> 00:36:04,480
1411
+ ูˆุง
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:36:11,410 --> 00:36:17,450
1415
+ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ูŠุง ุจุงุฎุฏ C ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุง ุจุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:36:17,450 --> 00:36:21,650
1419
+ ุงู„ู€ component ูŠุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุณุชุฉุŒ ุตูุฑ ู…ุงุดูŠุŸ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:36:21,650 --> 00:36:25,790
1423
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุฒุนู„ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ุฐุง
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:36:25,790 --> 00:36:31,450
1427
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ order ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ุด ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงุญู†ุง
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:36:31,450 --> 00:36:36,310
1431
+ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€ element ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุชุฉุŒ ู…ูŠู†
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:36:36,310 --> 00:36:40,550
1435
+ ุงู„ู€ elements ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ .. ุฏู‡ ู…ุด
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:36:40,550 --> 00:36:46,770
1439
+ ุณุชุฉ .. ุฏู‡ ุฎู…ุณุฉ .. ุฏู‡ ุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ู€ order
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:36:46,770 --> 00:36:52,470
1443
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุณุชุฉ ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:36:52,470 --> 00:37:01,030
1447
+ ู‡ู… ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŒ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ B ูˆุงู„ู€ CุŒ ุทุจ ูˆุงู„ู€ DุŸ ู„ุง ุฎุฐู‡ุง ุฃูŠ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:37:01,030 --> 00:37:11,890
1451
+ ุดูŠุกุŒ ุฃูŠ ู†ุนู…ุŒ and ุงุฏูŠ arbitrary ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎุฐู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:37:12,760 --> 00:37:17,280
1455
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุทูŠุจ ู„ู…ุง ุขุฎุฐู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ุจุฏุฃ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุขุฎุฐ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ู„ู…ุง
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:37:17,280 --> 00:37:21,700
1459
+ ุฃู†ุง ุขุฎุฐ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุชุบูŠุฑุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ order
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:37:21,700 --> 00:37:24,960
1463
+ ุณุจุนุฉ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ู‡ูŠ ูˆู…ุงุฎุฐู†ุงู‡ู…
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:37:24,960 --> 00:37:31,340
1467
+ ู…ุนุงู‡ุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุฌูŠุจูˆุง ู„ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ูŠุด ุฏูŠุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุขู† the
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:37:31,340 --> 00:37:40,380
1471
+ number of elements of order
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:37:45,070 --> 00:37:52,890
1475
+ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุงู„ู€ A ูƒู… ุนู†ุตุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ู€ B ูƒู… ุนู†ุตุฑุŸ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:37:52,890 --> 00:37:59,590
1479
+ ุงู„ู€ C ูƒู… ุนู†ุตุฑุŸ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€ D ุฎุฐ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจุฏูƒุŒ ู‚ุฏุงุดุŸ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:37:59,590 --> 00:38:04,370
1483
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุณุชุฉ ุนุดุฑ ููŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุณุชูŠู†
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:38:04,370 --> 00:38:11,490
1487
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุณุชูŠู† elementุŒ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ order ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 12ุŒ ู„ูˆ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:38:11,490 --> 00:38:12,090
1491
+ ูƒุงู†
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:38:19,370 --> 00:38:23,850
1495
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ ordersุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุฃู†ุง ูƒู… ุนู†ุตุฑ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ู†ุต
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:38:23,850 --> 00:38:27,330
1499
+ ุฎุฐ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุŒ ุงู„ู€ orders ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฒูŠ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:38:27,330 --> 00:38:30,630
1503
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู‚ู„ุช ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ุดุฌุนูˆู†
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:38:30,630 --> 00:38:36,590
1507
+ ุงุดุชุบู„ุช ููŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจุถูŠู ุชุญุตูŠู„ ุญุงุตู„
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:38:36,590 --> 00:38:40,590
1511
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูŠุด ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒุงู† ุงู„ zero ูƒุงู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒุงู†
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:38:40,590 --> 00:38:44,350
1515
+ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ู† ูŠุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุดูŠุฆุง ูˆูƒุงู†
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:38:44,350 --> 00:38:48,990
1519
+ ุฃู†ุช ุจุชูƒุชุจ element ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุน ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:38:48,990 --> 00:38:54,110
1523
+ ุจุฏุงุฆู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ู„ A ูˆุจุฏุงุฆู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ู„ B ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ order
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:38:54,110 --> 00:38:59,190
1527
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุนู†ุฏูƒ ุฃุฑุจุน ุจุฏุงุฆู„ ู„ู„ C ูˆุฃุฑุจุน ุจุฏุงุฆู„ ู„ู„ D
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:38:59,190 --> 00:39:03,210
1531
+ ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ูƒู„ู‡ ู…ุตูŠุฑู‡ ุฌุฏุงุด ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:39:03,210 --> 00:39:09,590
1535
+ ูˆุณุชูŠู† ุนู†ุตุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:39:09,590 --> 00:39:16,150
1539
+ ุงู„ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ and ุงู„ order ู„ุณู‡ ูŠุง
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:39:16,150 --> 00:39:26,910
1543
+ ุฅู…ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุณุชุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:39:26,910 --> 00:39:31,650
1547
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:39:31,650 --> 00:39:38,600
1551
+ ูƒู… element ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:39:38,600 --> 00:39:46,080
1555
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† elements ุทูŠุจ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฌุฏุงุดุŸ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:39:46,080 --> 00:39:52,440
1559
+ ุฌุฏุงุดุŸ ุฃุฑุจุน elements ุทูŠุจ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:39:52,440 --> 00:39:59,200
1563
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ a ุฌุฏุงุดุŸ ุฃุฑุจุน elements ุงุชู†ูŠู† elements ู†ูŠุฌูŠ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:39:59,200 --> 00:40:03,240
1567
+ ู„ู„ b ุฌุฏุงุด ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ ุงุชู†ูŠู† elements
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:40:05,800 --> 00:40:12,760
1571
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตุบุฑ ุงู„ุขู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฃุฎุฐู†ุงู‡ุง
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:40:12,760 --> 00:40:16,240
1575
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ุง ุขู‡ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุงู‡ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุน
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:40:16,240 --> 00:40:19,580
1579
+ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ุง ู„ุง ู†ูƒุฑุฑู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:40:19,580 --> 00:40:24,300
1583
+ ุดุบู„ุงุช ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ so we have ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:40:24,300 --> 00:40:28,400
1587
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:40:28,400 --> 00:40:33,370
1591
+ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุฌุฏุงุด ุจุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:40:33,370 --> 00:40:41,650
1595
+ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† element of order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ ุทุจ ุฅุฐุง ุนู„ู‰
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:40:41,650 --> 00:40:43,210
1599
+ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุฌุฏุงุด
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:40:45,410 --> 00:40:52,270
1603
+ ูŠูˆ ุณุจุนู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† has ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุฏุงุด ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:40:52,270 --> 00:41:00,330
1607
+ ูˆุณุชูŠู† ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูˆูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุชุฉ ูˆุชุณุนูŠู† element
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:41:00,330 --> 00:41:08,010
1611
+ of order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:41:17,690 --> 00:41:22,970
1615
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุขู† ูุตุงุนุฏุง ู„ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ ุดูˆู ู„ู‚ุฏุงุด
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:41:22,970 --> 00:41:29,050
1619
+ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฑู‚ู… ู…ุนูŠู† ููŠ
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:41:29,050 --> 00:41:34,770
1623
+ UN ุงู„ UN ุงู„ N ู…ู‡ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุชูƒูˆู† ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญูˆู„ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:41:34,770 --> 00:41:41,160
1627
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญูˆู„ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ cyclic groups ู…ุฏุงู„ุฉ z2 ูˆ z3 ูˆ z4
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:41:41,160 --> 00:41:45,840
1631
+ ูˆ z5 ูˆ z6 ูˆ ุจูŠุจู‚ูˆุง ุฃุญุณุจ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ z ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:41:45,840 --> 00:41:51,000
1635
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ุงู„ section ุทูŠุจ ููŠ
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:41:51,000 --> 00:41:57,800
1639
+ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุณุคุงู„ ุฒูŠ ุณุคุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุณุคุงู„
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:41:57,800 --> 00:42:06,820
1643
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ G group with identity ูˆุงู„ู€ H ุจูŠู‡
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:42:06,820 --> 00:42:12,440
1647
+ group with identity prove that ุงู„ู€ G isomorphic
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:42:12,440 --> 00:42:20,340
1651
+ ุงู„ู€ G isomorphic ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ external direct product
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:42:20,730 --> 00:42:26,850
1655
+ ู„ู„ู€ G external like product ู…ุน ุงู„ identity element
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:42:26,850 --> 00:42:38,850
1659
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ H and ุงู„ H is isomorphic ู„ู…ู†ุŸ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:42:38,850 --> 00:42:45,570
1663
+ ู„ู„ identity ุชุจุน ุงู„ G external like product ู…ุน ู…ู†ุŸ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:42:45,570 --> 00:42:48,350
1667
+ ู…ุน ุงู„ H
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:42:56,050 --> 00:43:04,540
1671
+ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠ ุจุงู„ูƒ ุฃู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ G ูˆ ุงู„ H are groups ู…ุด
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:43:04,540 --> 00:43:07,580
1675
+ ู‡ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€H subgroup ู…ู† G ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ู„ู‡ ุนุงุด ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:43:07,580 --> 00:43:12,880
1679
+ group ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ group ุซุงู†ูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงุซุจุช ุฃู† ุงู„ู€G ู‡ูŠ
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:43:12,880 --> 00:43:17,580
1683
+ isomorphic ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู€G ูˆุงู„ external direct product
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:43:17,580 --> 00:43:23,680
1687
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุชุนุฑู ู„ู‡ Phi ู…ู† ุงู„ู€G ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€G
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:43:23,680 --> 00:43:31,520
1691
+ external direct product ู…ุน E H Pi ูุงูŠ ุงู ุฌูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:43:31,520 --> 00:43:37,900
1695
+ ุฃุฎุฐ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุฎุฐู‡ุง ุฌูŠ ูˆุงู„ุงูŠ ุชุจุน ุงู„ H
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:43:44,530 --> 00:43:52,370
1699
+ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุฃุฎุฐุช ุจุฏู„ ููŠ ุฃุฎุฐุช ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ F ู…ู† ุงู„ H
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:43:52,370 --> 00:44:01,290
1703
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ identity element ุชุจุน ุงู„ G across ุงู„ H by ุงู„
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:44:01,290 --> 00:44:09,030
1707
+ F of H ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ external direct product ู„ู„
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:44:09,030 --> 00:44:16,920
1711
+ E ุชุจุน ุงู„ G ู„ู„ู€ A ุชุงุจุน ุงู„ู€ G ูˆ H ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:44:16,920 --> 00:44:25,020
1715
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃูˆ ุจู„ุงุด ู‡ูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠู‡ ุฌูˆุฒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠู‡ ุฌูŠ ูˆ H ุฌูˆุฒ
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:44:25,020 --> 00:44:29,540
1719
+ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุซุจุช ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:44:29,540 --> 00:44:36,510
1723
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุญุฑููŠุง ุฒูŠู‡ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:44:36,510 --> 00:44:41,830
1727
+ ุฃุซุจุช ู„ู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Phi is one to one ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:44:41,830 --> 00:44:50,310
1731
+ assume ุงูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† Phi of G1 ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Phi of G2 ู‡ุฐุง
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:44:50,310 --> 00:44:56,050
1735
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ G1 ูˆ ุงู„ identity ุชุจุน ุงู„ H ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:44:56,050 --> 00:45:03,780
1739
+ G2 ูˆ ุงู„ identity ุชุจุน ุงู„ H ุทุจุนุง two order pair are
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:45:03,780 --> 00:45:07,220
1743
+ equal ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุณูˆุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฃูˆ
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:45:07,220 --> 00:45:12,540
1747
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุณูˆุงุก ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ G1
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:45:12,540 --> 00:45:19,400
1751
+ ุณูˆุงุก G2 ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€EH ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณู‡ ุงู„ู€EH ุฃุธู† ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:45:19,400 --> 00:45:26,030
1755
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุฏู‘ุงุฌูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ู„ู‡ ุฃู† ูุงูŠ is onto ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:45:26,030 --> 00:45:32,190
1759
+ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ X ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ G external product
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:45:32,190 --> 00:45:40,210
1763
+ ู…ุน ุงู„ identity ุชุจุน ุงู„ H ุซู… ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ X ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:45:40,210 --> 00:45:47,120
1767
+ element ู…ู† G ูˆ ุงู„ identity element ุชุจุน ุงู„ H ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:45:47,120 --> 00:45:53,980
1771
+ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ู‡ูˆ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ Phi of G ู„ุฐู„ูƒ Phi is ุฃู†ุชู… ุจู‚ู‰
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:45:53,980 --> 00:45:59,380
1775
+ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง Phi is an isomorphism ูŠุจู‚ู‰ Phi is an
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:45:59,380 --> 00:46:09,480
1779
+ isomorphism ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู‚ุนุฏ ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ Phi of G ูˆ G2
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:46:09,480 --> 00:46:15,750
1783
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:46:15,750 --> 00:46:24,070
1787
+ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ five of g one g two ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:46:24,070 --> 00:46:33,170
1791
+ ู‡ูˆ g one g two ูˆุงู„ ุฅูŠู‡ h ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุจุฏู‡
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:46:33,170 --> 00:46:39,370
1795
+ ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃูƒุชุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ุตูŠุบุฉ ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ู‚ูˆุณูŠู† ุฅุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:46:39,370 --> 00:46:49,530
1799
+ ู‚ู„ุช ุฌูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุน ุงู„ E H ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุฌูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุงู„ E H ู„ูˆ
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:46:49,530 --> 00:46:53,370
1803
+ ุถุฑุจุช ุถุฑุจ component wise ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฌูŠ ูˆู† ุฌูŠ ุชูˆู†
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:46:53,370 --> 00:46:59,060
1807
+ ูˆุงู„ E H ููŠ ุงู„ E H ู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ E H itself ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:46:59,060 --> 00:47:07,300
1811
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐุง Phi of G1 ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง Phi of G2 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:47:07,300 --> 00:47:17,080
1815
+ Phi is an isomorphism ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:47:17,080 --> 00:47:17,900
1819
+ ู„ู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
PL9fwy3NUQKwZKOpj354PRgwYPWWgxchnI/RPZqJGhUV7s_raw.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
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@@ -0,0 +1,1655 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,090 --> 00:00:23,650
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:23,650 --> 00:00:28,010
7
+ ุฃู‡ู„ุง ุทุจุนุง ุจู†ุฑุญุจ ููŠูƒู… ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุณุชูƒู…ู„ุฉ ู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุชู†ุง
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:28,010 --> 00:00:32,350
11
+ ูˆูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุฎูŠุฑ ุจู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠุฏ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:32,350 --> 00:00:37,970
15
+ ู‡ู†ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุณ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุนูŠุฏ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:37,970 --> 00:00:41,230
19
+ ูƒุงู† ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ fundamental
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:41,230 --> 00:00:48,200
23
+ theorem of cyclic groups ุทุจุนุง ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠู‡ุง ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:48,200 --> 00:00:54,620
27
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุฃู† ุฃูŠ subgroup ู…ู† cyclic group ุจุชูƒูˆู† cyclic
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:54,620 --> 00:00:59,860
31
+ ุฃูŠ subgroup ู…ู† cyclic group ุจุชูƒูˆู† cyclic ุงู„ุฌุฒุก
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:59,860 --> 00:01:06,900
35
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูŠ subgroup ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:06,900 --> 00:01:10,600
39
+ order ู„ู„ู€ group ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ cyclic group ุงู„ุดุบู„
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:10,600 --> 00:01:15,910
43
+ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‚ุงุณู… ู„ู„ู€ order ู„ู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:15,910 --> 00:01:20,250
47
+ cyclic group ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃูˆุฌุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง subgroup ุจุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุฏุงุฎู„
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:20,250 --> 00:01:24,470
51
+ ุงู„ู€ cyclic group ูˆุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ order ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:24,470 --> 00:01:34,630
55
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ุณุฑูŠุน ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ example let
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:34,630 --> 00:01:45,610
59
+ G generated by a with order ุงู„ู€ a ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:45,610 --> 00:01:55,770
63
+ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ list all subgroups
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:55,770 --> 00:02:00,750
67
+ of G ุนู†ุฏูŠ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:02:00,750 --> 00:02:04,630
71
+ group Cyclic ุงู„ู€ G orderู‡ุง ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู†ูŠ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:02:04,630 --> 00:02:11,770
75
+ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ูƒู„ group Cyclic ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ G ุชุนุงู„ูˆุง ู†ุดูˆู ู‚ู„ูŠู„
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:11,770 --> 00:02:13,070
79
+ ุงู„ุญู„ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุญู„
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:15,780 --> 00:02:23,260
83
+ cyclic group ูˆุจุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ subgroups ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู†
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:23,260 --> 00:02:27,480
87
+ ุถู…ู† ุงู„ู€ group ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ subgroups subgroups
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:27,480 --> 00:02:28,380
91
+ subgroups subgroups subgroups subgroups subgroups
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:28,380 --> 00:02:28,800
95
+ subgroups subgroups subgroups subgroups subgroups
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:28,800 --> 00:02:28,880
99
+ subgroups subgroups subgroups subgroups subgroups
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:28,880 --> 00:02:29,220
103
+ subgroups subgroups subgroups subgroups subgroups
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:29,220 --> 00:02:35,780
107
+ subgroups subgroups subgroups subgroups
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:35,780 --> 00:02:41,420
111
+ subgroups subgroups subgroups subgroups subgroups
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:41,420 --> 00:02:41,760
115
+ subgroups subgroups subgroups subgroups subgroups
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:41,760 --> 00:02:45,720
119
+ subgroups subgroups subgroups subgroup ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุจุฏุฃ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:45,720 --> 00:02:53,140
123
+ ู…ู† ุฃูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ู‚ูˆุงุณู… ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู€ G since order
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:53,140 --> 00:02:58,160
127
+ ุงู„ู€ G ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ order ุงู„ู€ aุŸ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† and
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:58,160 --> 00:03:08,180
131
+ G is cyclic ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ for any divisor
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:08,180 --> 00:03:11,040
135
+ ูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† there exist
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:15,010 --> 00:03:29,290
139
+ a unique subgroup H of G with order HD ุงู„ู€
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:29,290 --> 00:03:35,510
143
+ subgroups ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุฃู† ู†ุฌูŠุจู‡ู… ู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุฃูˆ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:35,510 --> 00:03:40,070
147
+ subgroups ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ G ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู‚ูˆุงุณู… ู…ู†ุŸ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:40,070 --> 00:03:43,750
151
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุฌูŠุจ ู‚ูˆุงุณู… ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูˆู„ูƒู„
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:43,750 --> 00:03:51,670
155
+ ู‚ูˆุงุณู… ู‡ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ subgroup ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ the divisors of
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:51,670 --> 00:04:03,040
159
+ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† are ู…ู†ุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŸ ู„ุฃ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ..
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:04:03,040 --> 00:04:13,480
163
+ ุณุชุฉ .. ุนุดุฑุฉ .. ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ .. ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุณู…
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:13,480 --> 00:04:18,460
167
+ ุชุจุนูˆู† ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุดุบู„
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:18,460 --> 00:04:25,600
171
+ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ subgroup ู‡ุฐูŠ generated by ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:29,140 --> 00:04:34,400
175
+ ุชุฐูƒุฑูˆู†ูŠ for any divisor k of n generated by a ุฃุณ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:34,400 --> 00:04:44,380
179
+ n ุนู„ู‰ k now for H ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ H ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ sub
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:44,380 --> 00:04:48,860
183
+ group ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ G ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ order ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:48,860 --> 00:04:54,830
187
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† generated by ู…ูŠู†ุŸ by a ุฃุณ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:54,830 --> 00:04:59,310
191
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ generated by a ุฃุณ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† a ุฃุณ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูƒุฏู‡
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:59,310 --> 00:05:05,970
195
+ ุงู„ุดุจุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ a ุฃุณ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุงู„ู€ identity ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ order ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ a
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:05:05,970 --> 00:05:09,690
199
+ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูŠูƒุจุฑ ู‡ุฐุง generated by ุงู„ู€ identity
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:05:09,690 --> 00:05:15,750
203
+ ูˆู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูŠู† ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูŠู† ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:15,750 --> 00:05:17,970
207
+ identity ุทูŠุจ H2
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:20,000 --> 00:05:23,120
211
+ H2 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ subgroup ู„ู„ู€ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชู†ูŠู†
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:23,120 --> 00:05:29,340
215
+ generated by ู…ูŠู†ุŸ by A ุฃุณ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ A
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:29,340 --> 00:05:35,140
219
+ ุฃุณ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ identity ูˆุงู„ู€ A ุฃุณ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:35,140 --> 00:05:43,580
223
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ H3 ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† generated by A ุฃุณ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ุนู„ู‰
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:43,580 --> 00:05:49,370
227
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ by A ุฃุณ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ identity a ุฃุณ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:49,370 --> 00:05:58,030
231
+ ุนุดุฑุฉ a ุฃุณ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:58,030 --> 00:06:03,830
235
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:06:03,830 --> 00:06:07,990
239
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:06:07,990 --> 00:06:10,390
243
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:06:10,390 --> 00:06:10,650
247
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:06:10,650 --> 00:06:16,430
251
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุญA ุฃุณ 12 A ุฃุณ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:16,430 --> 00:06:22,470
255
+ 18 A ุฃุณ 24 ูˆุจู‚ู ู„ุฃู† A ุฃุณ 30 ู‡ุชุฑุฌุนู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู€
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:22,470 --> 00:06:27,330
259
+ identity H6 ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:27,330 --> 00:06:33,990
263
+ ุนู† generated by A ุฃุณ 30 ุนู„ู‰ 6 ูŠุนู†ูŠ A ุฃุณ 5
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:35,060 --> 00:06:41,960
267
+ Identity ุฃุณ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃุณ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุฃุณ ุนุดุฑูŠู†
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:41,960 --> 00:06:47,640
271
+ ุฃุณ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุงุจู† ุฌุงู ู„ุญุธุฉ ุดุจุงุจ H6 ุชุญุชูˆูŠ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:47,640 --> 00:06:56,820
275
+ ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุง ู…ูŠู† H3 ูˆH2 ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:56,820 --> 00:07:02,620
279
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ุจุชู‚ุณู…
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:07:02,620 --> 00:07:10,840
283
+ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุทูŠุจ H ู…ูŠู† ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุณุชุฉุŸ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:07:10,840 --> 00:07:16,980
287
+ identity a ูˆุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ a ูˆุงู„ุณุชุฉ a ูˆุงู„ุชุณุนุฉ ู„ุนู†ุฏ a
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:07:16,980 --> 00:07:25,580
291
+ ูˆุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ูˆH ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ a a ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุน a
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:07:25,580 --> 00:07:34,820
295
+ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู„ุนู†ุฏ a ูˆุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ูˆุขุฎุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ H30 ุฅู„ู‰
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:34,820 --> 00:07:41,580
299
+ ุงู„ู€ generated by ุงู„ู€ A ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ G ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ูŠูƒุณุฑ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:41,580 --> 00:07:45,660
303
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ listing ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ cyclic subgroup ุฃูˆ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:45,660 --> 00:07:51,900
307
+ subgroup ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ group G ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ order ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 30
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:51,900 --> 00:07:59,620
311
+ ุฃูŠ ุณุคุงู„ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจุŸ ุฃูŠ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:59,620 --> 00:08:00,240
315
+ ุณุคุงู„ุŸ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:08:03,650 --> 00:08:12,610
319
+ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู„ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ group ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ ุงู„ู€
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:08:12,610 --> 00:08:19,010
323
+ generator ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ูˆุงุถุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด a ูƒุฑู‚ู… ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ู†ุง
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:08:19,010 --> 00:08:27,510
327
+ ู…ุซู„ุง find all subgroups
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:08:27,510 --> 00:08:37,120
331
+ of Z 30 ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุนู…ู„ุŸ ู‡ู†ุนู…ู„ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุดุชุบู„ู†ุงู‡ุง
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:08:37,120 --> 00:08:51,440
335
+ ู…ุน ูุฑู‚ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ A ุดู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:08:51,440 --> 00:08:56,100
339
+ A ู…ุนุฑูˆู ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ solution
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:08:56,100 --> 00:09:02,400
343
+ ุงู„ู€ Z 30 ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† generated by ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ู€ order
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:09:02,400 --> 00:09:09,680
347
+ ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ 30 using the
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:09:09,680 --> 00:09:18,720
351
+ same method in the last example
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:09:18,720 --> 00:09:26,520
355
+ we get the following cyclic
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:09:26,520 --> 00:09:28,980
359
+ subgroups
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:09:32,670 --> 00:09:41,790
363
+ generated by ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู€ H1 ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:09:41,790 --> 00:09:46,550
367
+ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:09:46,550 --> 00:09:46,730
371
+ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู†
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:09:46,730 --> 00:09:46,870
375
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู†
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:09:46,870 --> 00:09:47,230
379
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู†
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:09:47,230 --> 00:09:47,790
383
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู†
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:09:47,790 --> 00:09:49,670
387
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู†
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:09:49,670 --> 00:09:49,970
391
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู†
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:09:49,970 --> 00:09:50,910
395
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู†
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:50,910 --> 00:09:52,310
399
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู†
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:52,310 --> 00:09:53,610
403
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู†
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:53,610 --> 00:09:55,950
407
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูŠู†
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:55,950 --> 00:09:58,750
411
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:10:04,130 --> 00:10:13,790
415
+ H5 ุงู„ู€ 0 ุงู„ู€ 6 ุงู„ู€ 12 ุงู„ู€ 18 ุงู„ู€ 24 ูˆุตูˆู„ุง ู„ู€ H30
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:10:13,790 --> 00:10:19,970
419
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Z30 ู†ูุณู‡ ูˆุงุถุญ ูŠุง ุนุงุฏูŠุŸ ูˆุงุถุญ ูŠุง
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:10:19,970 --> 00:10:22,870
423
+ ุดุจุงุจุŸ ููŠ ูƒุฑูˆู„ุฑ ุนู† ู…ุธู‡ุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุชุช
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:10:28,780 --> 00:10:32,780
427
+ ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ group
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:10:32,780 --> 00:10:44,280
431
+ ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ Z,n for every k
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:10:44,280 --> 00:10:50,760
435
+ ูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ n there exists a unique subgroup
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:10:57,500 --> 00:11:14,340
439
+ of ZN with order K namely generated
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:11:14,340 --> 00:11:20,260
443
+ by ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุทุจู‚ ุงู„ู€ ุจู†ุฏ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ู„ูƒู†
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:11:20,260 --> 00:11:26,080
447
+ ุนู„ู‰ ZN ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃุณ n ุนู„ู‰ K ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุจุนุฏ ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:11:27,110 --> 00:11:34,170
451
+ n ุนู„ู‰ k ู…ุด
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:11:34,170 --> 00:11:40,970
455
+ ุจุณ ู‡ูŠูƒ these are
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:11:40,970 --> 00:11:47,630
459
+ the only subgroups
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:11:47,630 --> 00:11:55,110
463
+ of Z ุทุจุนุง ู…ุงููŠุด ุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ู…ุงููŠุด ุบูŠุฑู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู„ูƒู„ ู‚ุงุณู…
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:11:55,110 --> 00:12:01,530
467
+ ู„ู„ู€ n ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ subgroup ุงู„ู€ order ุฅู„ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุงุณู… ูˆู‡ูŠ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:12:01,530 --> 00:12:07,090
471
+ generated by ู…ู†ุŸ by n ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุงุณู… ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจู‚ู†ุง
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:12:07,090 --> 00:12:17,970
475
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฌุงู†ุจ ุฏูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ ุณุฑูŠุน for Z ู…ุซู„ุง
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:12:17,970 --> 00:12:23,910
479
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุนู†ุฏ ู…ู†ุŸ generated by ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ generated by
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:12:23,910 --> 00:12:29,270
483
+ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† generated by ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ generated by ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:12:29,270 --> 00:12:36,490
487
+ and generated by ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ and generated by ุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู†
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:12:36,490 --> 00:12:50,990
491
+ ุฏูˆู„ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ only cyclic subgroups ู„ู€ Z ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฃูŠู‡
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:12:50,990 --> 00:13:02,430
495
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุฃูŠ ุณุคุงู„ ุณุคุงู„ ุนุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน find the number
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:13:02,430 --> 00:13:15,750
499
+ of subgroups of G generated by a if order a ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:13:15,750 --> 00:13:16,810
503
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:13:22,100 --> 00:13:28,380
507
+ ุฃูˆุฌุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ subgroups ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ G
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:13:28,380 --> 00:13:33,620
511
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€ generator ู„ู‡ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† 25 ู†ุฌูŠุจ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:13:33,620 --> 00:13:39,400
515
+ ุนุฏุฏ ู‚ูˆุงุณู… ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู† ูˆูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ subgroups
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:13:39,400 --> 00:13:44,040
519
+ the divisors of
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:13:44,040 --> 00:13:51,560
523
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† are ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ูŠุฌุจ ูƒู…ูˆุญุฏุฉ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:13:52,410 --> 00:14:02,190
527
+ there are only three subgroups
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:14:02,190 --> 00:14:09,910
531
+ of G ูู‚ุท ุซู„ุงุซุฉ cyclic subgroups ุฃูˆ subgroups
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:14:09,910 --> 00:14:16,630
535
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ cyclic
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:14:16,630 --> 00:14:22,350
539
+ subgroup ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุณุคุงู„ ุซุงู†ูŠุŒ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:14:22,350 --> 00:14:27,970
543
+ generator ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cyclic groupุŸ ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:14:27,970 --> 00:14:35,190
547
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‚ุงุณู… ู„ู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€ group cyclic ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:14:35,190 --> 00:14:38,610
551
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‚ุงุณู… ูุฃู†ุง ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ subgroup ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู‡ุฐุง
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:14:38,610 --> 00:14:41,950
555
+ ุงู„ู‚ุงุณู… ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ subgroup ู…ู† cyclic ูˆุงู„ู€ order
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:14:41,950 --> 00:14:45,090
559
+ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุงุณู… ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ุง generator ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:14:45,090 --> 00:14:49,170
563
+ generator ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู‡ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุณู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูƒู„ ู‚ุงุณู…
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:14:49,170 --> 00:14:56,310
567
+ ู„ู€ order ุงู„ู€ finite group cyclic ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุนู†ุตุฑ ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ู€
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:14:56,310 --> 00:15:00,210
571
+ ู„ู€ group ุงู„ู€ order ุฅูŠู‡ ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุงุณู…ุŸ ุทุจ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ูƒู…
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:15:00,210 --> 00:15:06,410
575
+ ุนู†ุตุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุจู„ุงุฌูŠ ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุขู‡ ุทุจ ู‚ุฏุงุด
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:15:06,410 --> 00:15:12,430
579
+ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุนุดุงู† ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุนุฑู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ู‡ู†ุนุฑู function
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:15:12,430 --> 00:15:17,670
583
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ู€ Euler phi function ู‡ุชุฏุฑุณ ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ููŠ ู…ุณุงู‚
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:15:17,670 --> 00:15:20,950
587
+ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ definition
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:15:23,750 --> 00:15:35,810
591
+ Euler Phi Function ู…ุชุนุฑูุฉ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:15:35,810 --> 00:15:45,290
595
+ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ: ฮฆ(1) = 1ุŒ if n
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:15:45,290 --> 00:15:52,530
599
+ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ then ฮฆ(n) ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ number
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:15:56,000 --> 00:16:03,600
603
+ of integers less than
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:16:03,600 --> 00:16:11,360
607
+ n and ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ n and
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:16:11,360 --> 00:16:14,400
611
+ relatively
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:16:14,400 --> 00:16:17,600
615
+ prime
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:16:17,600 --> 00:16:21,300
619
+ with
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:16:24,550 --> 00:16:27,690
623
+ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ู…ุด ุนู† integers ุจุณ ุฃู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุถูŠู
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:16:27,690 --> 00:16:32,750
627
+ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ the number of positive integers
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:16:32,750 --> 00:16:38,010
631
+ ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง ุญุฏุด ูŠุฑูˆุญ ูŠุญุณุจ ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ููŠ ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:16:38,010 --> 00:16:45,870
635
+ ุบูŠุฑ ุฃู† note that ฮฆ(n) ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:16:45,870 --> 00:16:47,830
639
+ group โ„คn
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:16:49,930 --> 00:16:54,650
643
+ ฮฆ(n) ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† order ู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ โ„คn ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:16:54,650 --> 00:17:01,930
647
+ ู„ุฃู† ุฌุฑูˆุจ โ„คn ุชุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:17:01,930 --> 00:17:12,590
651
+ ุงู„ู€ n ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† relatively prime with ุงู„ู€ nุŒ ุงู„ู€ n
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:17:12,590 --> 00:17:16,810
655
+ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฏู‡ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุฃู†ุง ู…ุง ุฃุนุฏ ุงู„ู€ n ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:17:16,810 --> 00:17:20,860
659
+ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง positive ุนุดุงู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃุดุบู„ ุตุญ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:17:20,860 --> 00:17:34,600
663
+ ุทูŠุจ ูƒู…ุซุงู„ ุณุฑูŠุน ู„ูˆ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:17:34,600 --> 00:17:39,080
667
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ฮฆ(2) ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:17:39,080 --> 00:17:44,520
671
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒู… ุนุฏุฏ ุฌุงุจ ู„ู„ุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ 10 ู…ุน ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู†ุŸ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:17:44,520 --> 00:17:45,440
675
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ 10
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:17:49,180 --> 00:17:57,880
679
+ 1ุŒ 3ุŒ 7ุŒ 9 ู‚ุฏุงุดุŸ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ฮฆ(10) ูƒู… ุนุฏุฏ ุฌุงุจ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:17:57,880 --> 00:18:04,780
683
+ ุฃูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุฃูˆู„ูŠ relatively prime ู…ุน p - 1ุŒ p is
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:18:04,780 --> 00:18:16,320
687
+ prime ุทูŠุจ ฮฆ(2k) ู‚ุฏุงุดุŸ ู‚ุฏุงุดุŸ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:18:17,630 --> 00:18:20,690
691
+ ุงู„ุงุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ู€ relatively prime ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ power ู„ู„ุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:18:20,690 --> 00:18:25,390
695
+ ุงู„ุงุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ูุฑุฏูŠุฉ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ 2k - 1
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:18:25,390 --> 00:18:33,390
699
+ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ฮฆ(pk) ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:18:33,390 --> 00:18:37,030
703
+ ุนู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:18:37,030 --> 00:18:42,590
707
+ pk
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:18:42,590 --> 00:18:47,350
711
+ - 1
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:18:48,650 --> 00:18:53,070
715
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนู…ู…ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:18:53,070 --> 00:19:02,490
719
+ if n ุจุฏุฃุช ุนู† p1k1ุŒ p2k2ุŒ and prkr ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:19:02,490 --> 00:19:18,850
723
+ then ฮฆ(n) ุจุฏุฃุช ุนู† p1k1 - p1k1-1ุŒ ููŠ p2 - p2
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:19:18,850 --> 00:19:26,810
727
+ - p2 - p2 - p2 - p2 - p2 - p2 - p2 - p2 - p2 - p2 - p2 - p2 - p2 - p2 - p2 - p2
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:19:26,810 --> 00:19:28,430
731
+ - p2 - p2 - p2 - p2 - p2 - p2 - p2 - p2 - p2 - p2 - p2 - p2 - p2 - p2 - p2 - p2
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:19:28,430 --> 00:19:33,490
735
+ - p2 - p2 - p2
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:19:33,910 --> 00:19:40,010
739
+ ูˆุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ู„ูƒู† ุจุณุชุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ุง concepts ู…ุด
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:19:40,010 --> 00:19:43,210
743
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุงู‚ ุฃุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:19:43,210 --> 00:19:47,710
747
+ multiplicative functions ูˆุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:19:47,710 --> 00:19:54,370
751
+ ุทูŠุจ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:19:54,370 --> 00:19:58,010
755
+ ุฅูŠุด ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ function ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุนู†ุงุŸ ู‡ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:19:58,010 --> 00:20:01,230
759
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ูˆุชูˆุถุญ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:20:05,040 --> 00:20:09,440
763
+ ุจู†ุฎู„ุตู‡ุง ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุถุจุท ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ = ุฑู‚ู…
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:20:09,440 --> 00:20:17,120
767
+ ู…ุนูŠู† let J = generated by a ูˆ ู†ุนุชุจุฑ a
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:20:17,120 --> 00:20:18,100
771
+ = n
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:20:21,780 --> 00:20:25,380
775
+ d ูŠู‚ุณู… n ุทุจุนู‹ุง d ูŠู‚ุณู… n ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:20:25,380 --> 00:20:29,600
779
+ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ only one subgroup of order d namely
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:20:29,600 --> 00:20:34,500
783
+ generated by a<sup>n/d</sup> ู‡ูŠุช ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:20:34,500 --> 00:20:40,600
787
+ generator then the
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:20:40,600 --> 00:20:48,320
791
+ elements or the number of
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:20:48,320 --> 00:20:49,080
795
+ elements
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:20:51,850 --> 00:21:05,150
799
+ in J with order d is ฮฆ(d) ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠ J ุงู„ู„ูŠ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:21:05,150 --> 00:21:12,610
803
+ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู‡ู… ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ d ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ฮฆ(d) ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุซุจุช
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:21:12,610 --> 00:21:16,270
807
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:21:16,270 --> 00:21:17,690
811
+ ู†ุซุจุช ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:21:20,740 --> 00:21:28,020
815
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ part c ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ part c ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:21:28,020 --> 00:21:35,760
819
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ุŸ there exist a unique .. ุทุจุนู‹ุง there exist
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:21:35,760 --> 00:21:42,040
823
+ unique subgroup of
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:21:42,040 --> 00:21:48,440
827
+ J with order d
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:21:48,440 --> 00:21:50,100
831
+ namely
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:21:53,030 --> 00:22:01,270
835
+ generated by a<sup>n/d</sup> ุทูŠุจ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:22:01,270 --> 00:22:06,550
839
+ ู‡ู„ ุฌูŠุชุŸ ู…ุฏุฉ ู…ุง ููŠุด ุบูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ subgroup ุงู„ู€ order
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:22:06,550 --> 00:22:10,570
843
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ dุŒ ูุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู„ู„ู€ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ d ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู†
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:22:10,570 --> 00:22:11,350
847
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุฑุฉ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:22:15,080 --> 00:22:19,640
851
+ ุงู„ู€ uniqueness ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ subgroup ุจุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:22:19,640 --> 00:22:24,920
855
+ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู‡ุง d ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:22:24,920 --> 00:22:35,780
859
+ ุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ subgroupุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ all elements in J
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:22:35,780 --> 00:22:48,500
863
+ with order d are in this subgroup ุทูŠุจ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:22:48,500 --> 00:22:52,840
867
+ ูƒู„
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:22:52,840 --> 00:22:57,080
871
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู„ู„ู€ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ d ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู€ ุฃู†ุง
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:22:57,080 --> 00:23:01,960
875
+ ุนุฑูุช ุฃูƒู…ุน ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ู€ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ d ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ subgroup
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:23:01,960 --> 00:23:08,420
879
+ ุจูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุตุช now each
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:23:08,420 --> 00:23:12,900
883
+ one of these elements
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:23:16,390 --> 00:23:23,370
887
+ is a generator of
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:23:23,370 --> 00:23:30,930
891
+ this subgroup
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:23:30,930 --> 00:23:38,070
895
+ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู‡ d ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ group ุงู„ู€
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:23:38,070 --> 00:23:44,130
899
+ order ู„ู‡ d ุฅูŠู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ุงุŸ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ุง ู…ูˆู„ู‘ุจุŒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:23:44,130 --> 00:23:49,090
903
+ generator Now if
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:23:49,090 --> 00:23:56,370
907
+ generated by a<sup>n/d</sup> ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ุง generated by
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:23:56,370 --> 00:24:05,470
911
+ p with order p = d then the other
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:24:05,470 --> 00:24:10,130
915
+ generators
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:24:10,130 --> 00:24:13,110
919
+ are of the form
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:24:16,330 --> 00:24:29,370
923
+ p<sup>k</sup> ูˆุงู„ุฌุฑูŠุณ common divisor ู„ู€ d ูˆ kุŒ ูˆ d = 1 ุฑุฌุน
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:24:29,370 --> 00:24:34,030
927
+ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„chapter ุฅู† ุงู„ู€
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:24:34,030 --> 00:24:39,090
931
+ generator ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุญูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู€
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:24:39,090 --> 00:24:42,790
935
+ order ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ power ุชุจุนู‡ุง
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:24:42,790 --> 00:24:47,230
939
+ ู„ู€ p<sup>k</sup> ุงู„ู€ divisor ุฅู„ู‡ุง relative ู„ุจุฑุงูŠู… ู…ุน order ู„ู€
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:24:47,230 --> 00:24:53,030
943
+ group ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูƒู… ูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌูŠ ูƒู…
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:24:53,030 --> 00:24:59,410
947
+ ูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌูŠ relative ู„ุจุฑุงูŠู… ู…ุน d ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ and we
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:24:59,410 --> 00:25:12,810
951
+ can find .. find ฮฆ(d) of this such k ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู„ุงู‚ูŠ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:25:12,810 --> 00:25:22,790
955
+ ฮฆ(d) ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… k so the number of elements
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:25:22,790 --> 0:25:35,510
959
+ in J with order d is ฮฆ(d) ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:25:42,170 --> 00:25:45,330
963
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ูƒุงู†ุช ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู„ู„ู€
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:25:45,330 --> 00:25:49,450
967
+ order d ู†ู‚ู„ุช ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุฅู†ูŠ ุฃุจุญุซ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ J ูƒู„ู‡ุง
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:25:49,450 --> 00:25:54,170
971
+ ู„ุฅู†ูŠ ุฃุจุญุซ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ subgroup ู„ู„ู€ order d ู…ูŠุฒุฉ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:25:54,170 --> 00:25:58,610
975
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ู„ู€ order d ุฅู†ู‡ุง generator ุฃู†ุง ุนุดุงู†
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:25:58,610 --> 00:26:02,430
979
+ ุฃุนุฏ ูƒุงู… generator ุจุฃุฎุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ generators
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:26:02,430 --> 00:26:06,890
983
+ ูู„ูŠูƒู† p ูˆุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู€ generators ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† p<sup>k</sup> ูˆ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:26:06,890 --> 00:26:11,250
987
+ ุงู„ู€ k relative ู„ุจุฑุงูŠู… ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ d ูƒู… ุนู†ุตุฑ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:26:11,250 --> 00:26:15,110
991
+ ุฃุฌุฑูŠ relative ู„ุจุฑุงูŠู… ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ d ูˆุฃุฌุงู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ d ู…ุญุตูˆุจ ู…ู†
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:26:15,110 --> 00:26:19,390
995
+ ุงู„ู€ d ูˆุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ฮฆ(d) ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูˆุฌุฏ ฮฆ(d)
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:26:19,390 --> 00:26:25,270
999
+ subgroup
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:26:25,270 --> 00:26:30,010
1003
+ ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ G ู„ูƒู† ูƒู… element ุจูˆู„ุฏู‡ุง ูˆุญูŠุฏ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:26:36,100 --> 00:26:42,140
1007
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู€ z ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ z 30 only subgroup of
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:26:42,140 --> 00:26:47,240
1011
+ order 15 ู‡ูŠ generated by a 2 ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ a 2 ููŠ ุงู„ู€ z
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:26:47,240 --> 00:26:52,120
1015
+ 30 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ by 2 ุจุณ ูƒู… generator ู„ู„ู€ generated by
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:26:52,120 --> 00:26:58,260
1019
+ 2 ููŠ ุงู„ู€ z 30 ุจูˆู„ุฏ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:26:58,260 --> 00:27:03,520
1023
+ ุงู„ู€ generated by 2 ู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠุด ููŠู‡ 2 ู„ุฃ ููŠู‡ 30
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:27:03,520 --> 00:27:13,280
1027
+ ุนู„ู‰ 2 ููŠู‡ 15 ู„ูˆ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู†ุงุฎุฐ ู…ุซุงู„
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:27:13,280 --> 00:27:27,140
1031
+ ุฑู‚ู…ูŠ ู…ู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ chapter then
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:27:27,140 --> 00:27:33,260
1035
+ find the
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:27:33,260 --> 00:27:39,200
1039
+ number of elements in
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:27:39,200 --> 00:27:49,720
1043
+ z 40 with order 20
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:27:49,720 --> 00:28:02,020
1047
+ ูƒู… ุนู†ุตุฑ ููŠ z 40 ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู‡ู… 20 ูุนู„
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:28:02,020 --> 00:28:09,740
1051
+ 20 ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ ุณู‡ู„ูˆุดูŠู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:28:09,740 --> 00:28:20,800
1055
+ ูุงูŠู„ 20 ูุงูŠู„
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:28:20,800 --> 00:28:31,900
1059
+ 20 ูƒุฏู‡ ูุงูŠู„ 20 ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:28:31,900 --> 00:28:32,320
1063
+ ุชุฌูŠุจู‡ู…
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:28:35,510 --> 00:28:43,310
1067
+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุฌูŠุจู‡ู…ุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฎุถุฑ ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชุนุงู„ูˆุง
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:28:43,310 --> 00:28:55,170
1071
+ ู†ููƒุฑ We to find them We
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:28:55,170 --> 00:29:02,810
1075
+ find one Let
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:29:06,040 --> 00:29:13,900
1079
+ ู…ุซู„ุง a ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ู€ ุฒุฏ 40 ูˆ order ุงู„ู€ a ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:29:13,900 --> 00:29:22,420
1083
+ 20 ุงู„ู€ a ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุฒุฏ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:29:22,420 --> 00:29:25,020
1087
+ 40ุŸ ุฃูˆ ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุฒุฏ 40
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:29:25,020 --> 00:29:29,540
1091
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู‡ 20ุŸ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:29:29,540 --> 00:29:33,980
1095
+ ุงู„ู€ a ุฃูˆ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:29:33,980 --> 00:29:39,490
1099
+ find ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุงุฎุฐ ุงู„ู€ a ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุถุฑุจ 40 ุนู„ู‰
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:29:39,490 --> 00:29:45,350
1103
+ 20 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† 2 ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุถุฑุจ 20 ูˆ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:29:45,350 --> 00:29:50,790
1107
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุถุฑุจ 2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ 2 ููŠ ุฒุฏ 40 ุฅูŠู‡
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:29:50,790 --> 00:29:53,850
1111
+ ุจุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ order ุฅูŠู‡ ู„ู‡ 20 ุฃูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:29:53,850 --> 00:29:59,210
1115
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ order ุฅูŠู‡ ู„ู‡ 20 ููŠ ุฒุฏ 40 ู‡ูˆ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู€
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:29:59,210 --> 00:30:02,570
1119
+ other elements are
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:30:06,130 --> 00:30:12,190
1123
+ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู†ู‚ุต ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:30:12,190 --> 00:30:17,070
1127
+ ู†ู‚ุต ุชุณุนุฉ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:30:17,070 --> 00:30:21,430
1131
+ ุฃูˆ ุณุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู†ู‚ุต ุชุณุนุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู†ู‚ุต ุฃุญุฏ ุนุดุฑ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:30:21,430 --> 00:30:35,650
1135
+ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู†ู‚ุต ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู†ู‚ุต 17 2 19 2 6 14 18 22 26
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:30:35,650 --> 00:30:48,250
1139
+ 34 38 ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู‡ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 20 ููŠ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:30:48,250 --> 00:30:54,450
1143
+ z 40 ุชู…ุงู…
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:30:58,650 --> 00:31:05,490
1147
+ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุฒุฏ n ุงู„ุงุต ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ 2 ุงุต 1 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:31:05,490 --> 00:31:07,790
1151
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ 2 2 2 ุงุต 3 ุฃู†ุง 3 ููŠ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:31:07,790 --> 00:31:20,350
1155
+ 2 6 2 ุงุต 1 ู‡ุฐูŠ ู„ุฃ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ู‡ู†ููˆุช
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:31:20,350 --> 00:31:26,250
1159
+ ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุฌุฒุก discussion ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:31:26,250 --> 00:31:29,550
1163
+ ุถุงู„ ู…ู† ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:31:29,550 --> 00:31:34,270
1167
+ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ 12 ุฒุงุฏ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู‡ู†ู†ุงู‚ุด ููŠู‡ู… ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู†
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:31:34,270 --> 00:31:39,770
1171
+ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ chapter 4 ู…ุง ุจุนุฑู ู‡ู„ ู‡ู†ุฎู„ุต ุฃูˆ ู„ุฃ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:31:39,770 --> 00:31:43,870
1175
+ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุงุฎุฐ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุงุก ุฃูˆ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุชุนูˆูŠุถูŠุฉ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:31:43,870 --> 00:31:55,450
1179
+ ู„ู„ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุฉ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ู…ุณุญ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:31:57,470 --> 00:31:59,950
1183
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุช ุดุงูŠู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ chapter ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:31:59,950 --> 00:32:05,030
1187
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุงุฑุจ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุฑุจุน ู„ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุณุคุงู„ ู ุฃู†ุง
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:32:05,030 --> 00:32:07,990
1191
+ ู…ุด ู‡ุนู…ู„ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ chapter ุงู„ูุงุชุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ู‡ูŠ ุจุนุถ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:32:07,990 --> 00:32:13,730
1195
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ู‡ุนุทูŠูƒ ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุฅู„ูŠูƒ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุชูƒู…ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:32:13,730 --> 00:32:17,810
1199
+ ุฎุตูˆุตุง ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุฅู…ุง ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุญุณุงุจูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:32:17,810 --> 00:32:23,730
1203
+ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุณู‡ู„ ุฅู† ุงู„ุทุงู„ุจ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุนุฑูู‡ุง ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:32:43,420 --> 00:32:49,200
1207
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ find all generator of z6, z8, z20
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:32:49,200 --> 00:32:56,660
1211
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ generator ุบูŠุฑู†ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนู†ุง ุนู„ู‰
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:32:56,660 --> 00:33:02,540
1215
+ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ corollary ู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูƒุงู† ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู„ู€
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:33:02,540 --> 00:33:06,660
1219
+ generator ู„ู€ zn ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:33:06,660 --> 00:33:10,160
1223
+ relative ู„ู€ ุจุฑุงูŠู… ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ n ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูุนู„ูŠุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:33:10,160 --> 00:33:15,950
1227
+ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู€ UN ูู„ูˆ ุฏุงุดุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฒุฏ 30 ุฃูˆ ุฒุฏ 20
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:33:15,950 --> 00:33:21,470
1231
+ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง 1 ูˆ 3 ูˆ 7 ูˆ 9 11
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:33:21,470 --> 00:33:26,250
1235
+ 13 17 19 ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุญู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฒ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:33:26,250 --> 00:33:36,580
1239
+ 30 ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ุญู„ ู„ูˆ ุฏูŠู†ุง ุณุคุงู„ 2 Suppose that
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:33:36,580 --> 00:33:39,960
1243
+ A, B or generated by A, generated by B, generated
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:33:39,960 --> 00:33:45,040
1247
+ by C are cyclic group of order 6, 8, 20 Find all
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:33:45,040 --> 00:33:49,300
1251
+ generators generated by A, generated by B,
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:33:49,540 --> 00:33:53,780
1255
+ generated by C ุญู„ู†ุง ุณุคุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ู…ุทุŒ ู„ูˆ ุงุดุชุบู„ู†ุง
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:33:53,780 --> 00:33:58,680
1259
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ generated by C ูˆ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ C ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:33:58,680 --> 0:34:03,420
1263
+ 20 ูู€ generated by C ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณู‡ generated by C ุชูƒุนูŠุจ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:34:04,170 --> 00:34:08,850
1267
+ Generated by C ุฃุณ 7 Generated by C ุฃุณ 9
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:34:08,850 --> 00:34:08,930
1271
+ Generated by C ุฃุณ 9 Generated by C ุฃุณ 9
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:34:08,930 --> 00:34:10,850
1275
+ Generated by C ุฃุณ 9 Generated by C ุฃุณ 9
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:34:10,850 --> 00:34:12,410
1279
+ Generated by C ุฃุณ 9 Generated by C ุฃุณ 9
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:34:12,410 --> 00:34:12,690
1283
+ Generated by C ุฃุณ 9 Generated by C ุฃุณ 9
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:34:12,690 --> 00:34:12,710
1287
+ Generated by C ุฃุณ 9 Generated by C ุฃุณ 9
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:34:12,710 --> 00:34:15,370
1291
+ Generated by C ุฃุณ 9 Generated by C ุฃุณ 9
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:34:15,370 --> 00:34:21,850
1295
+ Generated by C ุฃุณ 9 Generated
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:34:21,850 --> 00:34:29,600
1299
+ by C ุฃุณ 9 Generated by list all elements of the
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:34:29,600 --> 00:34:35,580
1303
+ subgroups generated by 20 generated by 10 in z 30
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:34:35,580 --> 00:34:42,040
1307
+ let a,b ุทุจุนุง ุณุคุงู„ 3 ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณู‡ 1 ูˆ 2 ู„ูƒู†
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:34:42,040 --> 00:34:50,240
1311
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ order 30 ุชู‚ู„
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:34:50,240 --> 00:34:51,960
1315
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน when
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:34:56,310 --> 00:35:07,450
1319
+ C plus 1 ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ C ุณุคุงู„
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:35:07,450 --> 00:35:19,490
1323
+ 4 ุฒูŠ ุณุคุงู„ 3 ุณุคุงู„ 5 ููŠ ุดุบู„ ู†ุดุบู„ ููŠ U20 ูŠูˆ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:35:19,490 --> 00:35:24,790
1327
+ 20 ุฌุฏุงุด ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจุŸ 1ุŒ 3ุŒ 7ุŒ 9ุŒ 11ุŒ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:35:24,790 --> 00:35:30,650
1331
+ 13ุŒ 17ุŒ 19 List the elements of
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:35:30,650 --> 00:35:34,430
1335
+ generated by 3 ูˆ 7 ู†ุงุฎุฐ generated by 7
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:35:34,430 --> 00:35:43,250
1339
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ 1 ุงู„ู€ 7 7 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฌุฏุงุดุŸ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:35:43,250 --> 00:35:50,760
1343
+ 49 ู…ุฏุฉ 20 ุฌุฏุงุดุŸ 9 7 ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:35:50,760 --> 00:36:02,320
1347
+ 7 ููŠ 9 63 ู‚ุตุชูŠู† 3 7 ุฃุณ 4 ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:36:02,320 --> 00:36:07,200
1351
+ 7 ููŠ 3 ูŠุนู†ูŠ 21 ูˆ 1 ุทุจุนุง
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:36:07,200 --> 00:36:14,020
1355
+ generated by 3 ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ู†ุŸ 1 3 3
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:36:14,020 --> 00:36:17,980
1359
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน 9 ุจุนุฏูŠู† 27 7 ุจุนุฏูŠู† 1 ุจุนุฏูŠู†
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:36:21,630 --> 00:36:26,370
1363
+ ุทูŠุจ ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู€ 6 what do exercises 3 ูˆ 4 ูˆ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:36:26,370 --> 00:36:29,510
1367
+ 5 have in common try to make a generalization
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:36:29,510 --> 00:36:36,730
1371
+ that includes these three cases ุฃู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชุญู„ ุณุคุงู„
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:36:36,730 --> 00:36:43,070
1375
+ 3 ูˆ 4 ูˆ 5 ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณุชู†ุชุฌู‡ุŸ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:36:43,070 --> 00:36:49,430
1379
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุงุณุชู†ุชุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณุชู†ุชุฌู‡ุงุŸ ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ 5
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:36:50,250 --> 00:36:54,730
1383
+ ู‡ู†ุณุชู†ุชุฌ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ generated by ุงู„ู€ element ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:36:54,730 --> 00:37:00,530
1387
+ generated by ุงู„ู€ inverse ุชุจุนู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:37:00,530 --> 00:37:03,410
1391
+ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู„ู„ุณุคุงู„ 4 list the elements of the subgroups 3
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:37:03,410 --> 00:37:08,490
1395
+ and 15 in Z18 ุงู„ู€ 3 ูˆ ุงู„ู€ 15 ููŠ Z18 ุดู…ุงู„ู‡ู…
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:37:08,490 --> 00:37:12,310
1399
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ inverse ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู„ู„ุณุคุงู„ 3
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:37:16,050 --> 00:37:19,390
1403
+ 10 ูˆ 20 ููŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ 30 ุดู…ุงู„ู‡ู… ุจุฑุถู‡ inverse
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:37:19,390 --> 00:37:24,630
1407
+ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู„ุงุณุชู†ุชุงุฌ ุชุจุน ุณุคุงู„ 3 ุฃูˆ 4 ุฃูˆ 5 ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:37:24,630 --> 00:37:30,010
1411
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุทู‡ ููŠ ุณุคุงู„ 6 ุฃู†ู‡ generated by ุงู„ู€ a
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:37:30,010 --> 00:37:38,670
1415
+ generated by ุงู„ู€ a inverse ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฃุซุจุชู†ุงู‡ ููŠ chapter
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:37:38,670 --> 00:37:39,450
1419
+ 3
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:37:42,190 --> 00:37:47,870
1423
+ ุทูŠุจ 7 find an example of a non-cyclic group all
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:37:47,870 --> 00:37:53,810
1427
+ of whose proper subgroup are cyclic ุงุนุทูŠู†ูŠ group
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:37:53,810 --> 00:38:01,210
1431
+ not cyclic ู„ุฃู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ subgroup ุงุณู…ูŠู†ู‡ุง cyclic ู…ุง ุงุฑุช
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:38:01,210 --> 00:38:07,730
1435
+ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ chapter ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุช ุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง D6
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:38:07,730 --> 00:38:11,490
1439
+ ูˆ D4 ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ D
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:38:14,340 --> 00:38:23,440
1443
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุตุญูŠุญุฉ D4 ุฃูˆ D6 ุฃูˆ D8 ุจูƒูˆู†
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:38:23,440 --> 00:38:33,260
1447
+ ุตุญ ุงู„ู€ U8 ุณุงุฆู‚ ู„ูƒ ุงู„ู€ U8 ุตุญ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:38:33,260 --> 00:38:39,200
1451
+ ุตุญ ุงู„ู€ U8 8
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:38:41,150 --> 00:38:44,110
1455
+ let a be an element of a group and let order a
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:38:44,110 --> 00:38:47,990
1459
+ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 15 compute the orders of the following ุทุจุนุง
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:38:47,990 --> 00:38:57,390
1463
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุณู‡ู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ a ุฃุณ 9 ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:38:57,390 --> 00:39:04,510
1467
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ a ุฃุณ k ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุด ููŠ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฃูˆู„
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:39:04,510 --> 00:39:10,650
1471
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง and ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ a of k ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† n
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:39:10,650 --> 00:39:14,690
1475
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ gcd ู„ู€ n ูˆ k ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:39:14,690 --> 00:39:20,170
1479
+ 15 ุนู„ู‰ gcd ู„ู€ 15 ูˆ 9 ูุชุทู„ุน
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:39:20,170 --> 00:39:27,450
1483
+ 5 ุทุจุนุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ููŠ b ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ููŠ c
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:39:33,530 --> 00:39:41,330
1487
+ ุณุคุงู„ 9 how many subgroups of Z20 ุชูˆุญูŠ ู„ู†ุง ุชูˆุญูŠ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:39:41,330 --> 00:39:47,070
1491
+ ู„ู†ุง ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ููŠ Z20 ูƒู… subgroup ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฌูŠุŸ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ 20
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:39:47,070 --> 00:39:51,850
1495
+ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ 20 ุฃูˆ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ 20ุŸ ู„ุฃ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ 20
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:39:51,850 --> 00:39:56,530
1499
+ generator ู„ูƒู† subgroup ุฅุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุนุฏุฏูŠู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:39:56,530 --> 00:40:01,370
1503
+ subgroups ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุณู… ู„ูƒู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ generator
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:40:01,370 --> 00:40:08,170
1507
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ file ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุณู… ู…ู† ุงู„ 20 ุฌุฏูŠุด 1ุŒ 2ุŒ 4ุŒ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:40:08,170 --> 00:40:14,250
1511
+ 5ุŒ 10ุŒ ูˆ 20 ุทุจุนุง ุณู‡ู„ ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุณุคุงู„
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:40:14,250 --> 00:40:20,770
1515
+ 10 ุงู†ุฒุฏ 24 list all generator ุณุคุงู„ 10 ุฒูŠ ุณุคุงู„ 9
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:40:20,770 --> 00:40:27,470
1519
+ ุณุคุงู„ 11 generated by ุงู„ A inverse ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:40:27,470 --> 00:40:28,410
1523
+ generated by D
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:40:33,860 --> 00:40:42,580
1527
+ ุฃู‡ ูƒูŠู ู†ุซุจุชู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ููŠ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:40:42,580 --> 00:40:46,980
1531
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู…ุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู€ C3 answer hand ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:40:46,980 --> 00:40:53,420
1535
+ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุฃูˆ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ generated by ุงู„ A
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:40:53,420 --> 00:41:00,740
1539
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠุด ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ A to K I to K ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:41:06,270 --> 00:41:14,650
1543
+ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† a ุฃุณ ุณุงู„ุจ k ุญูŠุซ ุณุงู„ุจ k ููŠ ุฒูŠ ุงูŠู†
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:41:14,650 --> 00:41:23,710
1547
+ ุทุจ a ุฃุณ ุณุงู„ุจ k ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠุด a inverse ุฃุณ k ุญูŠุซ k
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:41:23,710 --> 00:41:30,670
1551
+ ููŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† generated by a inverse ุทุจุนุง
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:41:30,670 --> 00:41:37,550
1555
+ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ K ููŠ Z ูˆ A to K ุชูƒุงูุฆ A ูˆ ุณุงู„ุจ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:41:37,550 --> 00:41:42,310
1559
+ K ูˆ ุณุงู„ุจ K ููŠ Z ู‡ุฌูŠุชู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ุฎู„ุชู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ K ููŠ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:41:42,310 --> 00:41:49,110
1563
+ Z ุชูƒุงูุฆ ุฃู† K ูˆ A ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ Z ุจุตุฑ Generated by A ู‡ูŠ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:41:49,110 --> 00:41:52,370
1567
+ ู†ูุณู‡ Generated by A inverse ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุญุงุณุณ ุฃู†ูƒ ู…ุด
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:41:52,370 --> 00:41:58,750
1571
+ ูุงู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ ุชุงุฎุฏ answer ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุตุฑ P
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:41:58,750 --> 00:42:02,110
1575
+ ูŠู†ุชุจู‡ ุงู„ู€ generated by ุงู„ู€ A ูุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ A to T
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:42:02,110 --> 00:42:06,970
1579
+ ูู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ A inverse ุงู„ุณู„ุจ T ูุตุงุฑ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:42:06,970 --> 00:42:18,610
1583
+ generated by ุงู„ A inverse ูˆุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุตุญูŠุญ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:42:18,610 --> 00:42:21,930
1587
+ 12 in Z find all generators of the subgroup
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:42:21,930 --> 00:42:25,270
1591
+ generated by ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุทุจุนุง
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:42:28,140 --> 00:42:31,620
1595
+ ููŠ z generated by ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠุด ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:42:31,620 --> 00:42:35,000
1599
+ generated
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:42:35,000 --> 00:42:40,540
1603
+ by ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ z ุตูุฑ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุณุงู„ุจ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุณุงู„ุจ ุณุชุฉ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:42:40,540 --> 00:42:49,360
1607
+ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุณุงู„ุจ ุชุณุนุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุขุฎุฑูŠู† ุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„ generator ู„ู‡ุฐู‡
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:42:49,360 --> 00:42:54,980
1611
+ ุงู„ subgroup ุงู„
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:42:54,980 --> 00:42:56,420
1615
+ generators ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:43:00,720 --> 00:43:08,300
1619
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆู…ูŠู† ูƒู…ุงู†ุŸ ูˆุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุญุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ูˆู„
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:43:08,300 --> 00:43:13,980
1623
+ ู„ูŠ ู„ูŠุด ู…ุงุฎุฏุชุด ุบูŠุฑู‡ุŸ ุฃู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ุณุชุฉุŒ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ู…ุด
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:43:13,980 --> 00:43:19,880
1627
+ ู‡ุชูˆู„ุฏ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุจุดุบู„ ููŠ infinite ุงู„ุฌู‡ูˆุฏุŒ ู„ูˆ
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:43:19,880 --> 00:43:23,660
1631
+ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ุชุณุนุฉุŒ ุงู„ุชุณุนุฉ ู…ุด ู‡ุชูˆู„ุฏ ุงู„ุณุชุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:43:23,660 --> 00:43:28,510
1635
+ ุฌุฏุงู… ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุณุงู„ุจ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุทุจ ู‡ู†ุชุนู…ูŠู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:43:28,510 --> 00:43:36,410
1639
+ infinite order ุงู„ generator by a ุชูƒูŠูŠุจ ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ a
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:43:36,410 --> 00:43:46,090
1643
+ ุชูƒูŠูŠุจ ูˆุงู„ a ูˆุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ู†ู†ู‡ูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุชู„ุชุงุดุฑ
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:43:46,090 --> 00:43:50,610
1647
+ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู†ูƒู…ู„ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:43:50,610 --> 00:43:53,550
1651
+ ุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ ูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุฑุฉ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:43:53,550 --> 00:43:53,910
1655
+ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
PL9fwy3NUQKwZKOpj354PRgwYPWWgxchnI/TxbkO72dNBs.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1699 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:22,350 --> 00:00:26,430
3
+ ุจู†ูƒู…ู„ ุจุฑู‡ุงู† ุงู„ู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุจุชุฏุฃู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:26,430 --> 00:00:30,950
7
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ู„ู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุซู…ุงู†ูŠ ู†ู‚ุงุท ุจุฑู‡ุงู†
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:30,950 --> 00:00:36,090
11
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฎู…ุณ ู†ู‚ุงุท ุจู†ุฌูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณุฉ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:36,090 --> 00:00:43,270
15
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฑู‚ู… ุณุชุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ order ู„ู„ู€ A H ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:43,270 --> 00:00:50,110
19
+ order ู„ู„ู€ B H ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช ุฃูŠ left
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:50,110 --> 00:00:54,430
23
+ coset ุฃูˆ right coset ู„ู€ subgroup ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ group
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:54,430 --> 00:00:59,690
27
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุทู„ุน ููŠ ูƒู„ left coset ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู†
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:59,690 --> 00:01:03,810
31
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุฃูˆ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช right cosets ุจุถุจุท ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุทู„ุน ููŠ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:03,810 --> 00:01:09,290
35
+ ูƒู„ ุงุซู†ุชูŠู† ุฃูˆ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ููŠ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:09,290 --> 00:01:14,770
39
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ order ู„ู„ู€ A H ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ order ู„ู„ู€ B H
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:14,770 --> 00:01:20,510
43
+ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ A ูˆุงู„ู€ B ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ group G ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:20,510 --> 00:01:27,460
47
+ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ A ูˆุงู„ู€ B ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ group G ู…ุดุงู† ู†ุซุจุช ุฃู†
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:27,460 --> 00:01:30,700
51
+ ุงู„ order ู„ู€ group ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ order ู„ู€ group ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ูŠูƒููŠ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:30,700 --> 00:01:33,940
55
+ ู†ุซุจุช ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ function ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู€ function
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:33,940 --> 00:01:38,000
59
+ ุชุจู‚ู‰ one to one and onto ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุนุฏุฏ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:38,000 --> 00:01:44,140
63
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:44,140 --> 00:01:47,940
67
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠ ุฃุจุฑู‡ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ define
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:51,950 --> 00:02:01,920
71
+ ููŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ A H ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ B H ุจุงู„ู€ Phi ู„ู…ุง ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:02:01,920 --> 00:02:07,520
75
+ ุฃูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุขุฎุฐ element ู…ู† H ูˆู„ูŠูƒู† A H ุจูˆุฏูŠู‡ุง ู„ู„ู€ B H
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:07,520 --> 00:02:15,440
79
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ B H ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ H ุงู„ู„ูŠ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:15,440 --> 00:02:20,920
83
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ H ุจุฏูŠ ู†ุซุจุช ู‡ุฐู‡ one to one and
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:20,920 --> 00:02:30,880
87
+ onto ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ Phi is one to
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:30,880 --> 00:02:39,040
91
+ one Assume ุจุฑูˆุญ ุขุฎุฐ ุตูˆุฑุชูŠู† ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุฃู† Phi of A
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:39,040 --> 00:02:48,390
95
+ H1 ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Phi of A H2 ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ A H1 ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:48,390 --> 00:02:53,570
99
+ ุงู„ู€ PH1 ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ PH2 ุฅู† ุชู… ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ PH1 to
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:53,570 --> 00:03:00,070
103
+ PH1 ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ BH1 ูˆู‡ุฐุง
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:03:00,070 --> 00:03:08,310
107
+ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ BH2 ุจุงู„ู€ left cancellation law ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:03:15,660 --> 00:03:22,020
111
+ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุชูŠ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ููŠ a ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ a h1
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:03:22,020 --> 00:03:27,420
115
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ a h2 ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ Phi is one to one
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:03:33,850 --> 00:03:41,170
119
+ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ูˆุขุฎุฐ element ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ codomain ูˆุฃุซุจุช ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃุตู„ู‡
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:41,170 --> 00:03:45,590
123
+ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ domain ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ BH ุจุฏูŠ ุขุฎุฐ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:45,590 --> 00:03:50,430
127
+ element ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูˆุฃุซุจุช ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ element ู„ู‡ ุฃุตู„ ููŠ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:50,430 --> 00:03:57,330
131
+ domain ููŠ ุงู„ู€ A H ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงูุชุฑุถ ุฅู† X ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆูŠู†
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:57,330 --> 00:04:03,350
135
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ B H ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:04:03,690 --> 00:04:13,470
139
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ then ุงู„ู€ X ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ B H for some H ุงู„ู„ูŠ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:04:13,470 --> 00:04:22,190
143
+ belongs to domain to H ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู„ูŠุณ ู‡ูˆ B H ุทุจู‚ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:04:22,190 --> 00:04:28,900
147
+ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ู‡ูˆ Phi of A H ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฃู† Phi is on
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:04:28,900 --> 00:04:32,520
151
+ to ุฎู„ุงุต
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:04:32,520 --> 00:04:40,800
155
+ ู†ู†ุชู‡ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง Sir Phi is one to one and
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:04:40,800 --> 00:04:50,090
159
+ on to ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชุทู„ุจ ุฃู† ุงู„ order ู„ู„ู€ A H ู‡ูˆ order ู„ู„ู€ B H
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:04:50,090 --> 00:04:55,610
163
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุขู† ูุตุงุนุฏู‹ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฃุฎุฐ subgroup ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ group
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:55,610 --> 00:05:00,970
167
+ ุฃุฌูŠ ูˆุงุถุฑุจ ุฃูŠ element ู…ู† G ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ H ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:05:00,970 --> 00:05:05,690
171
+ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุงุฆุฉ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:05:05,690 --> 00:05:11,030
175
+ cosets ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู†
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:05:11,030 --> 00:05:15,210
179
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุนุดุฑูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:05:15,210 --> 00:05:20,010
183
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุขุฎุฑู‡ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฑู‚ู… ุณุชุฉ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:05:20,010 --> 00:05:26,770
187
+ ุจู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฑู‚ู… ุณุจุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฑู‚ู… ุณุจุนุฉ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:05:26,770 --> 00:05:35,690
191
+ ุงู„ู€ A H ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ H A if and only if ุงู„ู€ H ุจุฏู‡
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:05:35,690 --> 00:05:44,610
195
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ A H A inverse ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุจุฑู‡ู† ุตุญุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู„ู€
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:05:44,610 --> 00:05:51,030
199
+ prove ุฎู„ู‘ูŠ ุฃุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูƒ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ูŠู†
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:05:51,030 --> 00:05:56,350
203
+ ู„ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุขู†
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:56,350 --> 00:06:01,990
207
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ A H ุณูŠูƒูˆู† H A if and only
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:06:01,990 --> 00:06:09,900
211
+ if ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุชูŠ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ A
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:06:09,900 --> 00:06:17,600
215
+ inverse ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ A H A inverse ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:06:17,600 --> 00:06:24,720
219
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ H A ููŠ ุงู„ู€ A inverse ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:06:24,720 --> 00:06:29,470
223
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… if and only if ู…ู†
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:06:29,470 --> 00:06:33,990
227
+ ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ associativity ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุนู…ู„ ุฏู…ุฌ ู…ุง ุจูŠู†
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:06:33,990 --> 00:06:41,860
231
+ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ A H A inverse ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:06:41,860 --> 00:06:47,440
235
+ ุงู„ู€ H ูˆุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ associativity ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ A ููŠ ุงู„ู€ A
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:06:47,440 --> 00:06:52,760
239
+ inverse ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุทุจ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:06:52,760 --> 00:07:01,200
243
+ if and only if ุงู„ู€ A H A inverse A H A inverse ุจุฏู‡
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:07:01,200 --> 00:07:02,680
247
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู…ุงู…
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:07:09,090 --> 00:07:13,510
251
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ H ููŠ ุงู„ู€ identity element ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ group ุงู„ู„ูŠ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:07:13,510 --> 00:07:23,450
255
+ ู‡ูˆ G ู‡ุฐุง if and only if A H A inverse ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ู†
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:07:23,450 --> 00:07:27,110
259
+ ู†ูุณู‡ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ identity element ุฃูˆ ุถุฑุจู‡ ููŠ ุฃูŠ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:07:27,110 --> 00:07:31,930
263
+ element ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ element ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:07:32,700 --> 00:07:38,240
267
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู…ู†ุฉ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ...
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:07:38,240 --> 00:07:46,480
271
+ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ A H is a subgroup ู…ู† G if and only if
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:07:46,480 --> 00:07:51,980
275
+ ุงู„ู€ A belongs to domain if and only if ุงู„ู€ A belongs
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:07:51,980 --> 00:07:55,360
279
+ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ H ุทูŠุจ ุชู…ุงู…
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:07:59,780 --> 00:08:03,740
283
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ left cosets ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู†
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:08:03,740 --> 00:08:08,100
287
+ subgroup ูˆู‚ุฏ ู„ุง ุชูƒูˆู† subgroup ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูƒู† in
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:08:08,100 --> 00:08:12,760
291
+ general ู…ุงู‡ูŠ subgroup ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุญุท ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ chart ุฅูŠุด
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:08:12,760 --> 00:08:17,340
295
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ left coset subgroup ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุถุฑุจู‡ุง ููŠ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:08:17,340 --> 00:08:24,600
299
+ ุนู†ุตุฑ ู…ู† ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู…ู† ู…ู† ุนู†ุงุตุฑ H itself ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ A H
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:08:24,600 --> 00:08:29,140
303
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† subgroup ู…ู† G ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ A ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุถุฑุจุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:08:29,140 --> 00:08:35,760
307
+ ู…ู† H ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆู„ูŠุณ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ู…ู† ุฎุงุฑุฌู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:08:35,760 --> 00:08:44,660
311
+ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ assume that ุงูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ A H is a subgroup ู…ู†
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:08:44,660 --> 00:08:50,820
315
+ G ุจู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุซุจุช ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ A ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ H ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:08:50,820 --> 00:08:58,440
319
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุทูŠุจ ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ู„ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:08:58,440 --> 00:09:04,340
323
+ ุงู„ู€ identity elementุŸ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง subgroup ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:09:04,340 --> 00:09:12,640
327
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงู„ู€ E ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ H since ุงู„ู€ H is a subgroup
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:09:12,640 --> 00:09:22,170
331
+ ู…ู† G ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุทูŠุจ and ุงู„ู€ E ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ H ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ ู„ุฃู†
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:09:22,170 --> 00:09:27,890
335
+ ุงู„ู€ H ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูŠ subgroup ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ E ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุงู„ู€ E
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:09:27,890 --> 00:09:35,600
339
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุทุจ ุงู„ู€ H ุฃู„ูŠุณุช ู‡ูŠ E ููŠ HุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ู‡ุฐู‡
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:09:35,600 --> 00:09:41,480
343
+ left coset ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ left coset ู„ุฌู‡ุฉ element ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:09:41,480 --> 00:09:46,540
347
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ intersection ุชุจุนู‡ู… ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู†
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:09:46,540 --> 00:09:58,430
351
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูุงูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ A ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ E belongs to A H ูˆุงู„ู€ E H
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:09:58,430 --> 00:10:05,450
355
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ E H ู„ุง
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:10:05,450 --> 00:10:13,580
359
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูุงูŠ ููŠู…ุง ุฏุงู… ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูุงูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:10:13,580 --> 00:10:17,680
363
+ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ are equal ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ุง ุจุนุฑู ูƒุฏู‡ ุฑู‚ู…ู‡ุง
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:10:17,680 --> 00:10:22,200
367
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู„ู… ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:10:22,200 --> 00:10:29,120
371
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ A H ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ E H ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ A H
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:10:29,120 --> 00:10:37,380
375
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ H itself ุทูŠุจ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจุชุณุงูˆูˆุง ุฃู„ูŠุณุช ุงู„ู€ A
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:10:37,380 --> 00:10:41,900
379
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ H ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุจุฑู‡ู†ู‡ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ู…ุง
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:10:41,900 --> 00:10:47,500
383
+ ุจุนุฑู ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุจุงู„ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ุงุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ A H ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ H
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:10:47,500 --> 00:10:52,780
387
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ A belongs to H ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:10:52,780 --> 00:10:58,060
391
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:10:58,060 --> 00:11:00,080
395
+ conversely
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:11:01,310 --> 00:11:09,050
399
+ ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ assume ุงูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ A belongs to H ุจุฏุง
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:11:09,050 --> 00:11:14,570
403
+ ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ A H is a subgroup ู…ุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ A
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:11:14,570 --> 00:11:23,350
407
+ belongs to H then ุงู„ู€ A H ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ H ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:11:25,320 --> 00:11:30,400
411
+ ุตุญ ุจุฑู‡ุงู† ู…ุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ A belongs to H ู„ุฃู† if and only if
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:11:30,400 --> 00:11:34,280
415
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ A H ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ H
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:11:34,280 --> 00:11:38,420
419
+ if and only if ุงู„ู€ A belongs to H ุทุจ ุงุญู†ุง ูุฑุถูŠู† ุงู„ู€
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:11:38,420 --> 00:11:43,060
423
+ A belongs to H ุจุฌู‡ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูˆุง ุจุนุถ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ุทุจ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:11:43,060 --> 00:11:49,000
427
+ ู‡ุฏุง subgroup ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฏุง ู…ู† subgroup ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:11:49,000 --> 00:11:57,220
431
+ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ A H is a subgroup ู…ู† G because ุงู„ู€ H
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:11:57,220 --> 00:12:05,920
435
+ is a subgroup ู…ู† G ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุฑู‡ู†ู†ุง ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:12:05,920 --> 00:12:12,120
439
+ ุงู„ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ู…ุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู€ cosets ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:12:12,120 --> 00:12:18,280
443
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุงู„ุจุนุถ ุทูŠุจ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู†ุญุจ ู†ุดูŠุฑ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:12:18,280 --> 00:12:26,460
447
+ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ remark ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€ H ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:12:26,460 --> 00:12:31,460
451
+ special linear group of two by two matrices over R
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:12:31,460 --> 00:12:35,720
455
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ subgroup ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ general linear group of
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:12:35,720 --> 00:12:43,560
459
+ two by two matrices over R ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ subgroup ู…ู†
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:12:43,560 --> 00:12:50,910
463
+ ุงู„ู€ general linear group of two by two matrices A
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:12:50,910 --> 00:12:59,170
467
+ and G the coset
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:12:59,170 --> 00:13:13,930
471
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ A H is the set of all two
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:13:13,930 --> 00:13:16,590
475
+ by two matrices
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:13:23,780 --> 00:13:30,740
479
+ with the same
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:13:30,740 --> 00:13:35,500
483
+ determinant
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:13:35,500 --> 00:13:42,860
487
+ as A for
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:13:42,860 --> 00:13:48,360
491
+ example ูƒู…ุซุงู„
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:13:48,360 --> 00:13:49,300
495
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:13:52,640 --> 00:14:01,220
499
+ ุงู„ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุชู‡ุง ููŠู‡
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:14:01,220 --> 00:14:16,280
503
+ H is the set of all two by two matrices with
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:14:16,280 --> 00:14:18,060
507
+ determinant
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:14:25,120 --> 00:14:30,420
511
+ ุณุชุฉ ุทูŠุจ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุณุฃู„ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:14:30,420 --> 00:14:38,260
515
+ ุตุญูŠุญ ุทู„ุน ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุทู„ุน ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุญุชู‰ ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู†
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:14:38,260 --> 00:14:44,740
519
+ ู†ุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฒุนู…ู†ุงู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:14:44,740 --> 00:14:50,980
523
+ order ู„ู‡ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุชุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠ ุจู„ุง ูƒุฏู‡ ุงู„ remark ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุง
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:14:50,980 --> 00:14:55,170
527
+ ูŠุฃุชูŠู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ subgroup ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ special linear
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:14:55,170 --> 00:14:59,270
531
+ group ู…ู„ูŠ ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ general linear group of
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:14:59,270 --> 00:15:04,470
535
+ two by two matrices over R ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุงุช
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:15:04,470 --> 00:15:09,410
539
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ determinant ู„ู‡ุง ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ zero ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุงุช
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:15:09,410 --> 00:15:13,670
543
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ determinant ู„ู‡ุง ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ุจู‚ูˆู„
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:15:13,670 --> 00:15:19,330
547
+ ู„ุฃูŠ matrix A ููŠ ุงู„ group ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ the coset
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:15:19,330 --> 00:15:26,270
551
+ of H ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏุช A ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ general ุถุฑุจุช ููŠ ู…ู†ุŸ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:15:26,270 --> 00:15:29,730
555
+ ููŠ H ู„ู„ special linear group of two by two
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:15:29,730 --> 00:15:35,770
559
+ matrices overall ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€AH ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ ู…ุตุญูˆูุฉ ููŠู‡ุง
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:15:35,770 --> 00:15:41,030
563
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ุตุญูˆูุฉ ุงูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:15:41,030 --> 00:15:48,750
567
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุงุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู„ู…ุตุญูˆูุฉ ูƒู„ matrix ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:15:48,750 --> 00:15:52,830
571
+ ุฏูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุจุฌุฏุงุด ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ู…ุง ุชุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ determinant ู„ุฃูŠ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:15:52,830 --> 00:15:57,640
575
+ ุฃู„ู…ุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ determinant ู„ุฅูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ determinantู„ุฃ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:15:57,640 --> 00:16:01,560
579
+ ุจูŠู‡ูŠุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุธู„ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ determinant ู„ูŠู‡ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:16:01,560 --> 00:16:05,660
583
+ ูƒู„ ุนู†ุตุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ determinant ู„ู‡ ูƒ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:16:05,660 --> 00:16:11,580
587
+ determinant ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ุฅูŠู‡ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุตุญูˆูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:16:11,580 --> 00:16:15,840
591
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุฏูŠ element ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ general linear
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:16:15,840 --> 00:16:22,400
595
+ group ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุชุจุนู‡ ุจู‚ุฏุงุด ุจุณุชุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:16:22,400 --> 00:16:26,520
599
+ ุฒูŠู†ูˆ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ general ูŠุจู‚ู‰ the set of
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:16:26,520 --> 00:16:30,160
603
+ all two by two matrices ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠู‡ with
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:16:30,160 --> 00:16:34,380
607
+ determinant ุณุชุฉ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ determinant
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:16:34,830 --> 00:16:39,990
611
+ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ element ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ููŠ ุฃูŠ element ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆู„ูŠูƒู†
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:16:39,990 --> 00:16:43,770
615
+ ุจูŠุณูˆุก ุงู„ determinant ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ determinant ุงู„ู„ูŠ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:16:43,770 --> 00:16:46,450
619
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ determinant ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:16:46,450 --> 00:16:50,550
623
+ ุงู„ determinant ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณุชุฉ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณุชุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:16:50,550 --> 00:16:57,330
627
+ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู†ุฌูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ very important ููŠ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:16:57,330 --> 00:17:04,130
631
+ ุงู„ุฌุจุฑ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ูˆู„ุง ูƒุชุงุจ ุฌุจุฑ ุจูŠุฎู„ูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:17:04,130 --> 00:17:07,910
635
+ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ Lagrange Lagrange ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:17:07,910 --> 00:17:13,010
639
+ ุงูƒุชุดูู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุจู„ุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ order ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ G finite
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:17:13,010 --> 00:17:19,400
643
+ ูุงู„ order ู„ู„ sub group ุจูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ order ู„ู„ group ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:17:19,400 --> 00:17:23,560
647
+ ุดุฑุทู‡ุง ู„ูƒู… ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจุฏุฃุช ุชู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุฏูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ูƒ ู‚ุฏุงู…
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:17:23,560 --> 00:17:26,960
651
+ ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู† ุงู„ order ู„ู„ element ุจุฏู‡ ูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ order ู„ู„
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:17:26,960 --> 00:17:30,960
655
+ group ูˆ ุงู„ order ู„ู„ sub group ุจุฏู‡ ูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ order ู„ู„
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:17:30,960 --> 00:17:36,980
659
+ group ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ูุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ Lagrange theorem ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:17:36,980 --> 00:17:42,060
663
+ Lagrange theorem
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:17:44,840 --> 00:17:52,660
667
+ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠุงุชูŠ if ุงู„ H is
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:17:52,660 --> 00:18:07,120
671
+ a subgroup of a finite group G then
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:18:07,120 --> 00:18:13,560
675
+ ุงู„ order ู„ H divides
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:18:15,730 --> 00:18:25,210
679
+ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ G ูˆุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ moreover ูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:18:25,210 --> 00:18:35,810
683
+ ุฐู„ูƒ the number of this connect the number of
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:18:35,810 --> 00:18:43,010
687
+ this connect the number of this connect left ุฃูˆ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:18:43,010 --> 00:18:50,370
691
+ right left ุฃูˆ right ู‡ุฏู‰ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† are the
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:18:50,370 --> 00:19:03,570
695
+ same left ุฃูˆ right cassettes of H in G is ุงู„ order
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:19:03,570 --> 00:19:11,110
699
+ ู„ G ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ order ุงู„ main ู„ู„ H ุจู†ุจุฑู‡ู†
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:19:11,110 --> 00:19:13,510
703
+ ุตุญุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ approve
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:19:29,970 --> 00:19:35,150
707
+ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠ ุจุงู„ูƒ ูƒุฏุง ุงู„ุขู† H sub group ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† finite
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:19:35,150 --> 00:19:44,050
711
+ group G ูˆ ุงู„ H ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ sub group ู…ู† ู„ group G ุจุฏูŠ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:19:44,050 --> 00:19:49,370
715
+ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู† ุงู„ order ู„ G ุจูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ order ุงู„ order ู„ H
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:19:49,370 --> 00:19:55,210
719
+ ุจูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ order ู„ G ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠ H ูŠู‚ุณู… ุนุฏุฏ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:19:55,210 --> 00:20:01,370
723
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠ ู…ู† ููŠ G ูˆ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ left ุฃูˆ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:20:01,370 --> 00:20:07,310
727
+ right destined cosets ููŠ H and G ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ ุงู„ order ู„ู„
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:20:07,310 --> 00:20:13,330
731
+ H ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ order ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ G ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงูŠุฒูŠู† ู†ุชุจุชู‡ ููŠ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:20:13,330 --> 00:20:14,650
735
+ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:20:19,350 --> 00:20:24,070
739
+ ุงู„ู€ order ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฌู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ order ู„ู„ H ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:20:24,070 --> 00:20:27,210
743
+ left cosets ูˆู‡ู†ุง ูƒุงุชุจูŠู† ุงู„ order ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฌู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:20:27,210 --> 00:20:31,810
747
+ order ุงู„ู„ู‰ H ุชู…ุงู… ุทุจ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ู‰ ู†ุซุจุช ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:20:31,810 --> 00:20:37,710
751
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ left .. destined left cosets ุฃูˆ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:20:37,710 --> 00:20:41,970
755
+ right cosets ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฑูˆุญ ุงุฌูŠุจ ูƒู„ ุงู„ left
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:20:41,970 --> 00:20:47,250
759
+ cosets ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ sub group ู…ู† ุงู„
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:20:47,250 --> 00:20:50,460
763
+ group ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูุงุชุช
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:20:50,460 --> 00:20:56,520
767
+ ู„ุฌูŠู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุงู„ lift corsets ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:20:56,520 --> 00:21:00,220
771
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ูƒู„ ุงู„ lift corsets ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆู„ุง
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:21:00,220 --> 00:21:05,300
775
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ู… ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุช ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ let
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:21:05,300 --> 00:21:15,620
779
+ a1h a2h ูˆู†ุธู„ ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† the arh ุจ the
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:21:18,560 --> 00:21:24,940
783
+ Left Destinate Cosets
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:21:24,940 --> 00:21:28,780
787
+ of
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:21:28,780 --> 00:21:38,760
791
+ H and G ุจุฏุฃ ุงูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠุดุŸ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูƒู„
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:21:38,760 --> 00:21:42,720
795
+ Destinate Left Cosets ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:21:42,720 --> 00:21:53,010
799
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุทูŠุจุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ let ุงู„ A belongs to G
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:21:53,010 --> 00:22:06,300
803
+ then ุงู„ A H is a left cassette ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:22:06,300 --> 00:22:11,740
807
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ a h ู‡ุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:22:11,740 --> 00:22:23,580
811
+ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุตุญ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ a h ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุณุงูˆูŠ a i h
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:22:23,580 --> 00:22:27,420
815
+ ุชู…ุงู…
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:22:27,420 --> 00:22:39,760
819
+ ุทูŠุจ ูƒูˆูŠุณ but we know that ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ุงู„ a ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:22:39,760 --> 00:22:45,800
823
+ ููŠ ุงู„ a h ูู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ a h ู…ุธุจูˆุท
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:22:47,230 --> 00:22:51,190
827
+ ุจุงุฑู‡ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูุงุชุช ู…ุฏุงู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:22:51,190 --> 00:22:55,490
831
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ element ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ A I H
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:22:55,490 --> 00:23:05,750
835
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ A belongs to A I H ุทุจ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:23:05,750 --> 00:23:09,830
839
+ ุฃู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ A ููŠ G ุฃุฎุฏุช ุนู†ุตุฑ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠ ูˆู„ุง ุนู†ุตุฑ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:23:09,830 --> 00:23:16,430
843
+ ู…ุญุฏุฏุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠ ู…ุฏุงู… ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠ ูŠู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุนู†ุตุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:23:16,430 --> 00:23:23,210
847
+ ุงู„ group G ุจูู‡ู… ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฃู† ูƒู„ ุนู†ุตุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:23:23,210 --> 00:23:28,910
851
+ ุฌูŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฌูŠ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ lift cassettes ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:23:28,910 --> 00:23:35,440
855
+ ุณูƒุช ุงู„ุดุนุจ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู†ุง ุงุฎุฏุช a ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุง ู…ู† g ุชู…ุงู…
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:23:35,440 --> 00:23:40,820
859
+ ู„ุฌูŠุช ุงู„ a ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงูŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:23:40,820 --> 00:23:48,340
863
+ ุงู„ aiH ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ุฌุฏุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ูƒู„ ุนู†ุตุฑ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:23:48,340 --> 00:23:52,740
867
+ ุจุชุงุฎุฏู‡ ู…ู† G ู„ุงุฒู… ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ููŠ main ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:23:52,740 --> 00:23:58,120
871
+ left distant cosets ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰ this means that
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:23:58,120 --> 00:24:06,280
875
+ this means that any element
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:24:09,860 --> 00:24:17,240
879
+ in G belongs to
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:24:17,240 --> 00:24:24,440
883
+ one coset of
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:24:24,440 --> 00:24:32,280
887
+ A1H A2H ูˆ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ARH
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:24:35,230 --> 00:24:42,990
891
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู„ ุนู†ุตุฑ ุจุงุฎุฏู‡ ู…ู† ุฌูŠู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฏู‡ ู…ู† ุฌูŠู‡ ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ููŠ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:24:42,990 --> 00:24:48,390
895
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุทุจ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุณูˆูˆุง ุจุนุถู‡ู…
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:24:48,390 --> 00:24:54,110
899
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ intersection five ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ุฌุฏุง ูˆ ู„ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฌุงู„
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:24:54,110 --> 00:24:57,230
903
+ ุจูŠุณูˆู‰ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู†ุฌุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… this and that ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:24:57,230 --> 00:25:01,990
907
+ intersection ุชุจุนู‡ู… ูŠุณูˆู‰ five ุฅุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ุนู†ุตุฑ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:25:01,990 --> 00:25:09,190
911
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† confidentูŠู† ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:25:09,190 --> 00:25:22,110
915
+ but ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ aih ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ ajh for ุงู„ู„ูŠ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:25:22,110 --> 00:25:29,290
919
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ I ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ j ู„ู…ุง ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ู…ุง ูŠุชุณุงูˆูˆุด ูŠุจู‚ู‰
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:25:29,290 --> 00:25:33,530
923
+ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ู…ุง ูŠุชุณุงูˆูˆุด ุจุนุถ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€I ูˆุงู„ู€J ู„ุง ูŠุชุณุงูˆูˆุด ุจุนุถ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:25:33,530 --> 00:25:40,090
927
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู„ element ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู…ู† ู‡ุคู„ุงุก
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:25:40,090 --> 00:25:45,350
931
+ ุทูŠุจ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€G ู…ุด ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ union ุชุจุน ู‡ุคู„ุงุก
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:25:45,350 --> 00:25:47,170
935
+ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:25:56,620 --> 00:26:08,300
939
+ ู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ G ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† A1H ุงุชุญุงุฏ A2H ุงุชุญุงุฏ ุงุชุญุงุฏ ARH
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:26:08,300 --> 00:26:18,180
943
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ order ู„ G ุงู„ order ู„ G
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:26:18,180 --> 00:26:26,120
947
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ order ู„ A1H ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ order ู„ A2H
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:26:28,500 --> 00:26:39,220
951
+ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ order ู„ู„ ARH ุทูŠุจ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:26:39,220 --> 00:26:45,760
955
+ ุณุคุงู„ ุฃู†ุง H ููŠู‡ุง ุนุดุฑุฉ elements ู…ุซู„ุง ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุฌูŠุช ุถุฑุจุช ุงู„ H
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:26:45,760 --> 00:26:51,380
959
+ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุนู†ุตุฑ ู…ู† ุนู†ุงุตุฑ G ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ elements ูˆู„ุง
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:26:51,380 --> 00:26:55,920
963
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูˆู„ุง ุฃู‚ู„ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ sub
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:26:55,920 --> 00:27:00,120
967
+ group ูˆ ุงุถุฑุจู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃูŠ element ู…ู† ุงู„ group ุจูŠุถู„ูˆุง
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:27:00,120 --> 00:27:04,460
971
+ ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏู‡ู… ุนุดุฑุฉ ุตุญูŠุญ ุจูŠุฎุชู„ููˆุง ู„ูƒู† ุจูŠุถู„ูˆุง ุนุดุฑุฉ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:27:04,460 --> 00:27:09,780
975
+ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ order ู„ู„ a1h ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:27:09,780 --> 00:27:15,730
979
+ order ู„ู„ h ูˆ ุงู„ order ู„ A to H ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ order ู„ H ูˆ ุงู„
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:27:15,730 --> 00:27:22,130
983
+ order ู„ A RH ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ order ู„ H ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:27:22,130 --> 00:27:28,770
987
+ ุฃู† ุงู„ order ู„ G ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ order ู„ H ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:27:28,770 --> 00:27:36,690
991
+ order ู„ H ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ order ู„ H ูƒู… ู…ุฑุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุŸ R
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:27:37,380 --> 00:27:46,440
995
+ ู„ุฃู† ุนุฏุฏู‡ู… R ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ R times ูŠุจู‚ู‰ R
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:27:46,440 --> 00:27:52,500
999
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุตุจุญ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูŠู‡ ุจุฏู‡
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:27:52,500 --> 00:27:58,900
1003
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ R ููŠ ุงู„ู€ order ุงู„ู€ H ู„ุฃู† ุนุฏุฏู‡ู… R ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:27:58,900 --> 00:28:06,300
1007
+ ุชูุณูŠุฑูƒ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€ H ุจูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ G
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:28:06,300 --> 00:28:15,420
1011
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ H divides ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ G
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:28:15,420 --> 00:28:23,410
1015
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู† ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ Lagrange ุฑุงุญ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:28:23,410 --> 00:28:27,050
1019
+ ุฐู„ูƒ the number of distinct left cosets ุฃูˆ right
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:28:27,050 --> 00:28:31,570
1023
+ cosets of H and G ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€ G ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ order
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:28:31,570 --> 00:28:41,810
1027
+ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู€ H ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู…
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:28:41,810 --> 00:28:52,620
1031
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ left cosets ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง are ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง the number
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:28:52,620 --> 00:29:05,780
1035
+ of left ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ right cosets of H the number
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:29:05,780 --> 00:29:07,460
1039
+ of distinct
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:29:11,540 --> 00:29:19,860
1043
+ Left or Right Cosets of H in G is R ุทุจ ุงู„ู€ R ู‚ุฏ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:29:19,860 --> 00:29:28,080
1047
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุด ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ G ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€ H
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:29:28,080 --> 00:29:38,160
1051
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ G ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€ H ุทุจ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุดูˆููˆุง
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:29:38,160 --> 00:29:46,030
1055
+ ุดูˆููˆุง ุจุนุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑู‡ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุชุนุฑูŠู ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:29:46,030 --> 00:29:50,550
1059
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ู„ุงุฌุฑุงู†ุฌ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ู‡ุฐุง
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:29:50,550 --> 00:30:00,170
1063
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠุฃุชูŠ the number of left the number of
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:30:00,170 --> 00:30:12,050
1067
+ distinct left ุฃูˆ right ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐุง left distinct
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:30:12,050 --> 00:30:21,410
1071
+ right ุฃูˆ left cosets of H in G
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:30:21,410 --> 00:30:32,370
1075
+ of H in G is called ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ index is called the
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:30:32,370 --> 00:30:38,490
1079
+ index of
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:30:41,030 --> 00:30:47,870
1083
+ a subgroup a subgroup
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:30:47,870 --> 00:30:54,070
1087
+ H in G and
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:30:54,070 --> 00:31:05,130
1091
+ denoted by ูˆุจู†ุนุทูŠู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑู…ุฒ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ G ู…ู‚ุทุนุชูŠู† ููˆู‚
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:31:05,130 --> 00:31:09,090
1095
+ ุจุนุถ ูˆ H ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:31:14,520 --> 00:31:18,480
1099
+ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ distinct left ุฃูˆ right
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:31:18,480 --> 00:31:23,880
1103
+ cosets of H and G ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ index ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ subgroup H
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:31:23,880 --> 00:31:30,220
1107
+ ููŠ ู…ู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ group G ุทุจ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุนุฏุฏู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุŸ R ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:31:30,220 --> 00:31:35,400
1111
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ grand theorem
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:31:35,400 --> 00:31:42,190
1115
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ G ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ R ููŠ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ H ุตุญ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:31:42,190 --> 00:31:48,330
1119
+ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ ุฅุฐุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃูƒุชุจ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ Lagrange ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:31:48,330 --> 00:31:53,110
1123
+ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ G ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ R ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ left
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:31:53,110 --> 00:31:59,050
1127
+ coset ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุนุทูŠุชู‡ ุงู„ุฑู…ุฒ ุงู„ู€ index ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ H in G ููŠ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:31:59,050 --> 00:32:06,870
1131
+ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ H ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุตูŠุบุฉ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ู„ุงุฌุฑุงู†ุฌ ุจุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:32:06,870 --> 00:32:11,050
1135
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ G ุจุฏู‡
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:32:11,050 --> 00:32:15,590
1139
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ R ููŠ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ H ูŠุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ G ุจุฏู‡
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:32:15,590 --> 00:32:19,890
1143
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ index ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ subgroup H ููŠ ุงู„ู€ group G
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:32:19,890 --> 00:32:26,210
1147
+ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ order ุชุจุน ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู†ุŸ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ H ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:32:26,210 --> 00:32:34,150
1151
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุชู…ุงู… ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุนุทูŠ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุซุงู„
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:32:34,150 --> 00:32:46,610
1155
+ example ุจู‚ูˆู„ let ุงู„ู€ G ุชุณุงูˆูŠ S4 and
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:32:48,180 --> 00:32:54,280
1159
+ ุงู„ู€ H ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ sub group generated by ุงู„ู€ permutation
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:32:54,280 --> 00:33:00,660
1163
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:33:00,660 --> 00:33:03,720
1167
+ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง find
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:33:26,290 --> 00:33:27,690
1171
+ S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:33:38,910 --> 00:33:44,450
1175
+ ุณุคุงู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง G S4 ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:33:44,450 --> 00:33:50,650
1179
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุนู†ุตุฑ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง subgroup H ู…ูŠู†
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:33:50,650 --> 00:33:54,650
1183
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ subgroup ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ subgroup ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุชูˆู„ุฏ ุจุงู„
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:33:54,650 --> 00:34:00,390
1187
+ permutation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ู€ index ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ H in
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:34:00,390 --> 00:34:01,430
1191
+ S4
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:34:05,930 --> 00:34:09,950
1195
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูƒุณ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€ group ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:34:09,950 --> 00:34:13,690
1199
+ subgroup ุงู„ู€ order ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ group ู†ุนุฑูู‡ 24 ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:34:13,690 --> 00:34:18,460
1203
+ order ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ subgroup ู…ุด ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑูู‡ุง ู„ูƒู† ู„ุงุฒู…
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:34:18,460 --> 00:34:23,280
1207
+ ุชุนุฑูู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุฃุถุฑุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุง ุทู„ุนุด ุงู„ู€
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:34:23,280 --> 00:34:27,780
1211
+ identity ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุง ุทู„ุนุด ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:34:27,780 --> 00:34:32,020
1215
+ identity ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:34:32,020 --> 00:34:37,430
1219
+ order ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ group ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ ู†ุธุฑ ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:34:37,430 --> 00:34:43,230
1223
+ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุฃู† ุฃู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ู„ู„ู€ order ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจูƒู„
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:34:43,230 --> 00:34:50,570
1227
+ ุจุณุงุทุฉ ุจูƒู„ ุจุณุงุทุฉ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง let alpha ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:34:50,570 --> 00:34:55,390
1231
+ ุงู„ู€ permutation ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:34:55,390 --> 00:35:04,550
1235
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ then ุงู„ู€ alpha ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:35:04,550 --> 00:35:09,210
1239
+ cycle form ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ cycle ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ product of two
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:35:09,210 --> 00:35:14,270
1243
+ cycles ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุชู…ุงู… ุฅุฐุง ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุจุฏูŠ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:35:14,270 --> 00:35:17,390
1247
+ ุฃูƒุชุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ cycle ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ูŠู† ุตูˆุจุชู‡ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:35:17,390 --> 00:35:25,230
1251
+ ูˆุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู‚ูู„ุช ุฅุฐุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู€
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:35:25,230 --> 00:35:31,250
1255
+ order ู„ู€ alpha ูˆู„ุงุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:35:31,250 --> 00:35:35,990
1259
+ alpha ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ cycle ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุฏุงุด
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:35:35,990 --> 00:35:41,530
1263
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ alpha ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุทูŠุจ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:35:41,530 --> 00:35:46,040
1267
+ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ cycle ูƒู€ group ุดูˆ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู†
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:35:46,040 --> 00:35:50,740
1271
+ order ู„ู„ู€ group ูˆ order ู„ู„ู€ generatorุŸ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู†ูุณ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:35:50,740 --> 00:35:56,040
1275
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€ H ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:35:56,040 --> 00:36:01,220
1279
+ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ alpha ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู…ู†ุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:36:01,220 --> 00:36:07,280
1283
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:36:07,280 --> 00:36:16,060
1287
+ order ู„ู€ H ู‡ูˆ order ู„ู€ alpha ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† H ู‡ูŠ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:36:16,060 --> 00:36:20,720
1291
+ ุงู„ู€ cyclic subgroup generated by ุงู„ู€ permutation
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:36:20,720 --> 00:36:24,100
1295
+ alpha ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฅุซุงุฑ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ alpha ู‡ูˆ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:36:24,100 --> 00:36:29,790
1299
+ order ู„ู€ H ู…ุง ุฏุงู… ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู‚ู‰ ุตุงุฑุช ู‚ุตุชู†ุง ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:36:29,790 --> 00:36:36,210
1303
+ ู‡ุงุชู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ index ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ index ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ subgroup H
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:36:36,210 --> 00:36:43,450
1307
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ group S4 ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€ S4 ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ order
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:36:43,450 --> 00:36:49,530
1311
+ ู„ู„ู€ H ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€ S4 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ factorial ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:36:49,530 --> 00:36:58,980
1315
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ factorial ุนู„ู‰
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:36:58,980 --> 00:37:04,460
1319
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ factorial ุซู„ุงุซุฉ factorial ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:37:04,460 --> 00:37:09,860
1323
+ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุชุฉ ุฅุฐุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ index ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ subgroup ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:37:09,860 --> 00:37:15,920
1327
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ group G ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุณุชุฉุŒ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:37:15,920 --> 00:37:21,520
1331
+ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณุชุฉุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุถู…ู†ุช ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ left distinct
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:37:21,520 --> 00:37:28,080
1335
+ cosets ู„ู„ู€ S4 ู„ู…ุง ู†ุถุฑุจู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ู„ู…ุง ูŠู†ุถุฑุจูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:37:28,080 --> 00:37:31,140
1339
+ permutation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู€ H ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:37:31,140 --> 00:37:36,870
1343
+ subgroup ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจุณ ุณุชุฉ left distinct cosets ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:37:36,870 --> 00:37:42,830
1347
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ูƒู„ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ูŠุชุณุงูˆูˆุง ุนุดุงู† ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุณุชุฉ ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:37:42,830 --> 00:37:47,950
1351
+ ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ left cosets ู‡ูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:37:47,950 --> 00:37:52,530
1355
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุถู…ู†ุช ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ left cosets ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุชุฉ ูƒุงู†
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:37:52,530 --> 00:37:56,810
1359
+ ุจูŠู…ูƒู†ูŠ ุฃุตูŠุบ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ูˆ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุงุชู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ index
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:37:56,810 --> 00:38:02,950
1363
+ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ find the number of left cosets of H in S4
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:38:02,950 --> 00:38:07,970
1367
+ ูˆุฃุณูƒุช ู…ุด ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุญุฑููŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู‚ุนุฏุช
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:38:07,970 --> 00:38:20,270
1371
+ ุฃุตูŠุบู‡ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู†ุนุทูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ ุขุฎุฑ ูƒู…ุงู† example ุงู„ู€
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:38:20,270 --> 00:38:26,370
1375
+ example ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุณุคุงู„ 14 ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุจู‚ูˆู„ suppose
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:38:26,370 --> 00:38:27,030
1379
+ that
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:38:30,100 --> 00:38:40,900
1383
+ suppose that ุงูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ K is a proper subgroup
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:38:40,900 --> 00:38:44,540
1387
+ of
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:38:44,540 --> 00:38:48,720
1391
+ H and
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:38:48,720 --> 00:38:56,380
1395
+ ุงู„ู€ H is a proper subgroup
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:38:59,010 --> 00:39:04,150
1399
+ of G if
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:39:04,150 --> 00:39:18,050
1403
+ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€ K ู‡ูˆ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† and ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€ G
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:39:18,050 --> 00:39:23,150
1407
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุน ู…ุฆุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† what
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:39:24,410 --> 00:39:35,730
1411
+ are the possible orders of
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:39:35,730 --> 00:39:37,190
1415
+ H
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:40:06,270 --> 00:40:10,790
1419
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ K proper subgroup ู…ู† H ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:40:10,790 --> 00:40:15,890
1423
+ proper subgroupุŸ ู„ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ H subset ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:40:15,890 --> 00:40:21,350
1427
+ ุชุณุงูˆูŠู‡ุง ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ู€ H proper subgroup ู…ู†
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:40:21,350 --> 00:40:26,850
1431
+ G ูŠุนู†ูŠ K subgroup ู…ู† H ูˆ ุงู„ู€ H subgroup ู…ู† G ูˆูƒู„
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:40:26,850 --> 00:40:31,110
1435
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ proper ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:40:31,110 --> 00:40:35,940
1439
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ K ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:40:35,940 --> 00:40:40,500
1443
+ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฃุฑุจุน ู…ุฆุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:40:40,500 --> 00:40:47,100
1447
+ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู†ุฉ ู„ู„ู€ order ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ H ูู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู…ุงุดูŠ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:40:47,100 --> 00:40:49,160
1451
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง solution
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:40:54,430 --> 00:41:02,450
1455
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุญู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง K subgroup ูŠุจู‚ู‰ K subgroup ู…ู† H ู‡ุฐุง
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:41:02,450 --> 00:41:12,730
1459
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€ K ุจูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€ H ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:41:12,730 --> 00:41:19,150
1463
+ ุทุจ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€ H ูƒุฏู‡ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒุฏู‡
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:41:21,550 --> 00:41:27,510
1467
+ K subgroup ู…ู† H ู‡ูŠ K proper subgroup ู…ู† H K
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:41:27,510 --> 00:41:31,830
1471
+ subgroup ู…ู† H ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ K ุจุฏู‡ ูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ order
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:41:31,830 --> 00:41:38,370
1475
+ ู„ู€ H ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง assume ุงูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ order
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:41:38,370 --> 00:41:47,080
1479
+ ู„ู€ H ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ M ู…ุซู„ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:41:47,080 --> 00:41:55,440
1483
+ K ู…ุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุงู‡ ู‚ุฏุงุดุŸ 42 ุชู‚ุณู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ M ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:41:55,440 --> 00:42:06,600
1487
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ M ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ุถุงุนูุงุช 42 ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐุง S ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ููŠู„
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:42:06,600 --> 00:42:13,080
1491
+ 42 ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง for some
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:42:25,520 --> 00:42:31,280
1495
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุงู„ู€ M ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุฑู‚ู… ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู‚ุฏุงุด
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:42:31,280 --> 00:42:40,090
1499
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ H
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:42:40,090 --> 00:42:46,930
1503
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ H ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ sub group ู…ู† G sub group ู…ู† G ู‡ุฐุง
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:42:46,930 --> 00:42:53,390
1507
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ H ูŠูŽู‚ู’ุณูู… ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ G ุทุจู‚ุง
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:42:53,390 --> 00:43:00,760
1511
+ ู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ Lagrange ู…ุฏุงู… ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:43:00,760 --> 00:43:09,980
1515
+ G ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ R ููŠ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ H ู…ุซู„ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:43:09,980 --> 00:43:15,340
1519
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ู„ูŠู‡ ุฃุฑุจุนู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูˆู†
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:43:15,340 --> 00:43:22,540
1523
+ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ R ููŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ M ู„ุฃู† ุฃู†ุง ูุฑุถุช ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ H
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:43:22,540 --> 00:43:27,440
1527
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ M ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ M ุฃุทู„ูŽุนู’ ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:43:27,440 --> 00:43:33,640
1531
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุฃุทู„ูŽุนู’ ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅุฐุง
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:43:33,640 --> 00:43:40,320
1535
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃูŽุฎู’ู„ูู‚ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุชูŠู† ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:43:40,320 --> 00:43:48,720
1539
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูˆู† ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ R S ููŠ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:43:48,720 --> 00:43:54,940
1543
+ ู…ู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดููŠู„ุชู ุงู„ู€ M ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:43:54,940 --> 00:44:00,240
1547
+ ูˆุฑุงุญูŽุช ุดููŠู„ุชู ุงู„ู€ M ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆูƒุชุจุช ุจุฏู„ู‡ุง S ููŠ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:44:00,240 --> 00:44:07,430
1551
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุชู…ุงู… ุทูŠุจ ููŠ ู‚ุณู…ุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ุงู‡
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:44:07,430 --> 00:44:12,430
1555
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ู‚ูŽุณูŽู…ู’ุชู ูƒู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:44:12,430 --> 00:44:20,590
1559
+ R S ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ุฏุงู… ุนุดุฑุฉ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ R ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ู€ S
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:44:20,590 --> 00:44:31,920
1563
+ ุจุนุดุฑุฉ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุฃู† S ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆR ุจุนุดุฑุฉ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ R ุจุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆS
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:44:31,920 --> 00:44:36,280
1567
+ ุจุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ R ุจุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆS ุจุฎู…ุณุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:44:36,280 --> 00:44:48,040
1571
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุบูŠุฑู‡ู…ุŸ ู„ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง so we have four
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:44:48,040 --> 00:44:50,280
1575
+ possibilities four
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:44:57,390 --> 00:45:05,110
1579
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ R ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:45:05,110 --> 00:45:12,510
1583
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ S ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ู…ูƒู†ุŸ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุด ู…ู…ูƒู†
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:45:12,510 --> 00:45:20,310
1587
+ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุงู„ู€ S ูˆุนุดุฑุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ M ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ 420 ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:45:20,310 --> 00:45:27,730
1591
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุชู†ุงู‚ุถ ู…ุน ูƒู„ู…ุฉ proper ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง this
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:45:27,730 --> 00:45:31,310
1595
+ is impossible
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:45:33,850 --> 00:45:43,190
1599
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุณุจุจ because ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ H is proper
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:45:43,190 --> 00:45:49,210
1603
+ subgroup ู…ู† G ู„ุฃู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุฏู‡ ู…ุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุนูƒุณ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:45:49,210 --> 00:45:57,130
1607
+ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ R ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ู€ S ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:45:58,440 --> 00:46:04,560
1611
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุทุจ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฃุชูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ S ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ู€ S ุตุงุฑูŽุช
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:46:04,560 --> 00:46:12,060
1615
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ M ู‚ุฏุงุดุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู‚ุฏ K ุงู„ู€ H ุตุงุฑุช
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:46:12,060 --> 00:46:16,760
1619
+ ู‚ุฏ K ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ุงู… ุบู„ุท ู„ุฃู† ุงุญู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ูŠู† K proper
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:46:16,760 --> 00:46:24,020
1623
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐุง this is impossible because capital K
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:46:24,020 --> 00:46:25,680
1627
+ is proper
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:46:28,120 --> 00:46:33,920
1631
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ูŠุญุตู„ ุจุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุทุจ ู†ุฌูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:46:33,920 --> 00:46:40,460
1635
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ R ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู€ S ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:46:40,460 --> 00:46:48,020
1639
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช ุงู„ู€ S ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ 210
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:46:48,020 --> 00:46:55,520
1643
+ ู…ู…ูƒู†ุŸ ุงู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุง ููŠุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ R ุณูˆุงุก S
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:46:55,520 --> 00:47:03,540
1647
+ then ุงู„ู€ M ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ S ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู†
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:47:03,540 --> 00:47:08,540
1651
+ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ุชูŠู† ูˆุนุดุฑุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจุนุดุฑุฉ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:47:08,540 --> 00:47:13,880
1655
+ ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ุฃุฑุจุน ุจุงุดุฑูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูˆ
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:47:13,880 --> 00:47:21,260
1659
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ S ุจุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุงู„ู€ R ุจุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุฃู† ุงู„ู€
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:47:21,260 --> 00:47:30,930
1663
+ R ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุงู„ู€ S ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ M ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ M
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:47:30,930 --> 00:47:37,050
1667
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ S ููŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ู€ S ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจุงุซู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:47:37,050 --> 00:47:42,830
1671
+ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ูˆูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุดุŸ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุซู…ุงู†ูŠู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูˆู„ุง ู…ุด
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:47:42,830 --> 00:47:49,570
1675
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ the possible
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:47:49,570 --> 00:47:52,290
1679
+ orders
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:47:54,230 --> 00:48:06,190
1683
+ of H are ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุซู…ุงู†ูŠู† or ู…ุชูŠู† ูˆุนุดุฑุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู„ู‡
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:48:06,190 --> 00:48:11,170
1687
+ ุงุนุชู…ุฏู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ Lagrange theorem ุงู„ุขู†
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:48:11,170 --> 00:48:16,170
1691
+ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ Lagrange ุญุตู„ู†ุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุน
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:48:16,170 --> 00:48:21,830
1695
+ ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ูˆุจูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจูŠููŠุฏูˆู†ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:48:21,830 --> 00:48:23,330
1699
+ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
PL9fwy3NUQKwZKOpj354PRgwYPWWgxchnI/TxbkO72dNBs_raw.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
PL9fwy3NUQKwZKOpj354PRgwYPWWgxchnI/UV0i1PfJFLc_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1760 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:22,610 --> 00:00:27,190
3
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูุงุชุช ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ isomorphism
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:27,190 --> 00:00:31,930
7
+ ูˆู‚ุณู…ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุกูŠู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุงูˆู„ ุงุฎุฏู†ุงู‡
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:31,930 --> 00:00:35,870
11
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:35,870 --> 00:00:40,030
15
+ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ ู…ู† ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ isomorphism ูƒุงู† ูŠุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:40,030 --> 00:00:45,650
19
+ isomorphism ุนู„ู‰ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ group ูˆุงุฎุฏู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุณุจุน
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:45,650 --> 00:00:50,920
23
+ ู†ู‚ุงุทุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฃุฑุจุน ู†ู‚ุงุท ุชุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ isomorphism
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:50,920 --> 00:00:57,980
27
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุงู… ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู€ group ุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุฎูˆุถ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:57,980 --> 00:01:01,220
31
+ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูุงุชุช ูƒู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู…ุฑุฉ ู‡ุฏู‰ ููŠ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:01,220 --> 00:01:06,540
35
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุงู… ู„ู€ groupูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:06,540 --> 00:01:12,500
39
+ ุชุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุงู„ isomorphism acting on groups ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุคุซุฑ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:12,500 --> 00:01:17,000
43
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ groups ู‚ุงู„ ุงูุชุฑุถ ุงู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:17,000 --> 00:01:22,920
47
+ isomorphism ู…ู† ุงู„ group G onto ุงู„ group G bar then
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:23,830 --> 00:01:27,870
51
+ ุงู„ู€ Phi inverse ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† isomorphism ูŠุจู‚ู‰ Phi ุงู„ู„ูŠ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:27,870 --> 00:01:32,990
55
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช isomorphism ุฅุฐุง ู…ุนูƒูˆุณุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:32,990 --> 00:01:39,670
59
+ isomorphism ู…ู† G bar onto G ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนูƒุณูŠุฉ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:39,670 --> 00:01:45,470
63
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„Phi ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€G
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:45,470 --> 00:01:50,810
67
+ abelian ูุฅู† ุงู„ู€G bar abelian ูˆุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:50,810 --> 00:01:53,890
71
+ ุงู„ู€G bar abelian ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€G abelian ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€G is
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:53,890 --> 00:01:57,990
75
+ abelian if and only if ุงู„ู€G bar is abelian ุจุงู„ู…ุซู„
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:57,990 --> 00:02:02,390
79
+ ุงู„ู€G is cyclic if and only if ุงู„ู€G bar is cyclic
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:02,920 --> 00:02:07,860
83
+ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ูˆุงู„ุงุฎูŠุฑ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† K subgroup ู…ู† G ูุฅู†
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:07,860 --> 00:02:14,760
87
+ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ K ู‡ุฐู‡ Phi of capital K ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:14,760 --> 00:02:20,260
91
+ subgroup ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† G bar ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† K
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:20,260 --> 00:02:25,040
95
+ subgroup ู…ู† G ูุฅู† ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ K ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ Phi of K
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:25,040 --> 00:02:31,030
99
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ subgroup ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† G barุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุจุฑู‡ู†
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:31,030 --> 00:02:35,330
103
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฃุชูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:35,330 --> 00:02:41,710
107
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุชู…ุฏ ููŠ ุจุฑู‡ุงู†ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:41,710 --> 00:02:47,600
111
+ ู†ุนุฑู ู…ู† ู…ุจุงุฏุฆ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุจุงุฏุฆ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช ุฅู†
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:47,600 --> 00:02:52,780
115
+ ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ function ูˆ ุงู„ function ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุงู†ุช one to one
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:52,780 --> 00:02:59,340
119
+ and unto ูุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุชุจุนู‡ุง exist ูˆ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:59,340 --> 00:03:04,120
123
+ one to one and unto ุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ูˆ ุฑุงุฌุนู†ุงู‡ุงููŠ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:04,120 --> 00:03:08,760
127
+ ุฃูˆู„ chapter ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:08,760 --> 00:03:12,420
131
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฅุซุจุงุช ุฃู† ุงู„ู€Phi inverse ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:12,420 --> 00:03:16,700
135
+ isomorphism ุฅุฐุง ู…ุฏุงู… Phi one to one and unto ุฅุฐุง
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:16,700 --> 00:03:20,140
139
+ Phi inverse exist ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ one to one and unto ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:20,140 --> 00:03:25,140
143
+ ุจุถู„ุด ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฅู„ุง ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ isomorphism ู„ Phi of A
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:25,140 --> 00:03:28,080
147
+ ุจูŠุจุฏูˆุง ูŠุณูˆูŠ Phi of B ููŠ Phi of B ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุทุจู‚ู‡ุง
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:28,080 --> 00:03:33,970
151
+ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ Phi inverseูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง since
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:33,970 --> 00:03:37,010
155
+ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:37,010 --> 00:03:46,710
159
+ ูุงูŠ is one to one and onto function then since we
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:46,710 --> 00:03:56,790
163
+ have ุงู† ุงู„ูุงูŠ inverse is one to one and onto
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:56,790 --> 00:03:58,530
167
+ function
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:00,990 --> 00:04:05,070
171
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุจุงุฏุฆ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:05,070 --> 00:04:13,550
175
+ ูŠุจู‚ุงุด ุถุงูŠู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง it remains ูŠุจู‚ู‰ that it remains
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:13,550 --> 00:04:23,420
179
+ to show thatุฅู† ูุงูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ of a,b ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ูุงูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ of
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:23,420 --> 00:04:30,580
183
+ a ููŠ ููŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ of b ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ a ูˆ ุงู„ b
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:30,580 --> 00:04:37,450
187
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฌูŠู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฑูˆุญ ุงู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง consider ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู‰
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:37,450 --> 00:04:43,210
191
+ ุงู†ุชุธุงุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… consider ูุงูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณุช ู„ู…ุง ุงุชุฃุซุฑ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:43,210 --> 00:04:50,490
195
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูุงูŠ a b ู†ุดูˆู ุงูŠุด ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุงู†
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:50,490 --> 00:04:53,890
199
+ ุงู„ูุงูŠ function ูˆ ุงู„ูุงูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู†
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:53,890 --> 00:04:59,620
203
+ functionุจุฏูŠ ุงุฑุฌุน ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ composition of functions
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:59,620 --> 00:05:07,740
207
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุตู„ู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ ู„ููŠ of a ูˆ b
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:07,740 --> 00:05:15,020
211
+ ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ูˆู…ุนูƒุณุฉ ุงู„ composition
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:15,020 --> 00:05:20,660
215
+ ุชุจุนู‡ู… ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง mainุงู„ู€ Identity Function ุงู„ู€
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:20,660 --> 00:05:25,020
219
+ Identity Function ู„ู…ุง ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Element ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:25,020 --> 00:05:30,540
223
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ Element ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ A B ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ู†ุดูˆู ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:30,540 --> 00:05:37,340
227
+ Phi Inverse ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Phi of A ููŠ ู…ู†ุŸ ููŠ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:37,340 --> 00:05:39,420
231
+ ุงู„ู€ Phi of B
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:42,860 --> 00:05:49,440
235
+ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ูุงูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุงูŠ of a ููŠ ุงู„ูุงูŠ of b ุฃูˆ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:49,440 --> 00:05:57,540
239
+ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ูุงูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุงูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠู† ูŠุง
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:57,540 --> 00:06:04,490
243
+ ุดุจุงุจ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ูุงูŠุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุงูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ ุนุดุงู† ุงู‡ ูุงูŠูุงูŠ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:06:04,490 --> 00:06:08,970
247
+ ุงู†ูุฑุณ ุนุดุงู† ุงู‡ ูุงูŠูุงูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ ุนุดุงู† ุงู‡ ูุงูŠูุงูŠ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:06:08,970 --> 00:06:17,990
251
+ ุงู†ูุฑุณ ุนุดุงู† ุงู‡ ูุงูŠูุงูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ ุนุดุงู† ุงู‡ ูุงูŠูุงูŠ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:17,990 --> 00:06:25,020
255
+ ุงู†ูุฑุณ ุนุดุงู† ุงู‡ ูุงูŠูุงูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ ุนุดุงู† ุงู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:25,020 --> 00:06:30,520
259
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ is an isomorphism
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:30,520 --> 00:06:34,660
263
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ููŠ ู„ู…ุง ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุตุฑ ุถุฑุจ two elements ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:34,660 --> 00:06:38,700
267
+ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ููŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ููŠ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ููŠ ุนู„ู‰
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:38,700 --> 00:06:46,560
271
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ููŠ ู„ููŠ inverse of a ููŠ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:46,560 --> 00:06:55,560
275
+ ููŠ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ููŠ inverse of bุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู†ุธุฑุง ู„ุฅู†
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:55,560 --> 00:07:02,160
279
+ ุงู„ู€ Phi is an isomorphism ู†ุธุฑุง ู„ุฅู† Phi is
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:07:02,160 --> 00:07:05,640
283
+ isomorphism ู‚ุฏุฑุช ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:07:05,640 --> 00:07:10,420
287
+ ูุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ composition of function ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุธู„
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:07:10,420 --> 00:07:19,740
291
+ Phi Phi inverse of A ูˆู‡ู†ุง ู…ู†ูˆู‡ู†ุง ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ู„ููŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:07:19,740 --> 00:07:26,100
295
+ of ุจูŠ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:26,100 --> 00:07:30,260
299
+ ููŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ ู‡ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ identity function ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุด
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:30,260 --> 00:07:34,200
303
+ ู‡ูŠุถู„ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ element a ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ููŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:34,200 --> 00:07:37,900
307
+ ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ identity function ุชุฃุซูŠุฑู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุจูŠ ู…ุด
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:37,900 --> 00:07:44,290
311
+ ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุฅู„ุง ู…ู† ุฅู„ุง ุจูŠุฃุทู„ุน ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ star
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:44,290 --> 00:07:50,870
315
+ ูˆุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณู…ูŠู‡ุง double star ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:50,870 --> 00:07:55,490
319
+ AB ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ AB ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ู†ุŸ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:55,490 --> 00:07:59,570
323
+ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:59,570 --> 00:08:09,460
327
+ from star and double star we haveู‡ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠุฃุชูŠ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:08:09,460 --> 00:08:20,100
331
+ ุงู†ู‡ ูุงูŠ ู„ูุงูŠ inverse of a b ุจุฏุฑ ุณุงูˆูŠ ูุง ุจุฏุฑ ุณุงูˆูŠ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:08:20,100 --> 00:08:27,500
335
+ ู…ูŠู† ุจุฏุฑ ุณุงูˆูŠ ูุงูŠ ู„ูุงูŠ inverse of a ููŠ ูุงูŠ inverse
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:08:27,500 --> 00:08:35,070
339
+ of b ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุงุทุจ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ุทู„ุนุช ู‚ูŠู…ุชูŠู†
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:08:35,070 --> 00:08:40,710
343
+ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ูุงูŠ ู‡ุฏูŠ one to one ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:08:40,710 --> 00:08:45,770
347
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง isomorphism ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูุงูŠ one to one ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:45,770 --> 00:08:52,230
351
+ ุตูˆุฑุชูŠู† ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุชูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ู…ุงู„ู‡ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:52,230 --> 00:08:58,700
355
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸุจุฏูŠ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ of a,b ุงู„ู„ูŠ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:58,700 --> 00:09:03,560
359
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุตู„ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุณูˆูŠ ุฃุตู„ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:09:03,560 --> 00:09:10,780
363
+ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ of a ููŠ ููŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ ู…ุงู„ู‡ of b ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:09:10,780 --> 00:09:17,580
367
+ ู„ูŠุดุŸ because ููŠ is one to oneู‚ุถูŠู†ุง ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:09:17,580 --> 00:09:24,060
371
+ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ inverse ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุตุจุญ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† isomorphism
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:09:24,060 --> 00:09:31,060
375
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ thus ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ููŠ inverse is an
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:09:31,060 --> 00:09:37,960
379
+ isomorphism ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:09:37,960 --> 00:09:44,980
383
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฌูŠ ุฃุจูŠู„ูŠุงู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€G ุจุงุฑ ุฃุจูŠู„ูŠุงู†
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:09:44,980 --> 00:09:51,340
387
+ ูˆุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€G is
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:09:51,340 --> 00:09:58,630
391
+ abelianF and all F ูˆู‚ุชู‡ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† G Ab ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:09:58,630 --> 00:10:03,330
395
+ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ A ุจูŠ ุจุฏู„ ุณูˆู‰ ุจูŠ A ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ A ูˆ ุงู„ B ุงู„ู„ูŠ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:10:03,330 --> 00:10:09,490
399
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ G ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ F and all F ุงู„ A ุจูŠ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:10:09,490 --> 00:10:17,580
403
+ ุจุฏู„ ุณูˆู‰ ุจูŠ A ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ A ูˆ ุงู„ B ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ GุทูŠุจ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:10:17,580 --> 00:10:22,960
407
+ ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุงูŠุฒูˆ ู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… ู…ุฏุงู… ุงูŠุฒูˆ ู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตูˆุฑุฉ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:10:22,960 --> 00:10:28,360
411
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจุฏู‡ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุฐุง
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:10:28,360 --> 00:10:38,540
415
+ ูƒุงู† ููŠ of a,b ุจุฏู‡ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠ of b,aุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:10:38,540 --> 00:10:44,160
419
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุงูŠุฒูˆ ู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:10:44,160 --> 00:10:52,620
423
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ if and only if ููŠ of a ููŠ ููŠ of b
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:10:52,620 --> 00:11:01,200
427
+ ูŠุณูˆู‰ ููŠ of b ููŠ main ููŠ ููŠ of aู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:11:01,200 --> 00:11:09,620
431
+ ู„ุฃู† ูุงูŠุฉ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:11:09,620 --> 00:11:11,920
435
+ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:11:11,920 --> 00:11:20,680
439
+ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:11:20,680 --> 00:11:24,020
443
+ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:11:24,020 --> 00:11:27,860
447
+ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:11:35,170 --> 00:11:42,350
451
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ g is cyclic if and only if
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:11:42,350 --> 00:11:50,170
455
+ g bar is cyclic ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุจุฏุงู„ู‡ ุจ g is cyclic if
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:11:50,170 --> 00:11:58,840
459
+ and only if ุงู„ g is cyclic ู„ุฃ ูƒูŠูุŸุฃุซุจุชู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ู„
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:11:58,840 --> 00:12:04,940
463
+ elements ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุซุจุชู‡ุง in general ูŠุจู‚ู‰
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:12:04,940 --> 00:12:08,820
467
+ ุงู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ุงู„ G ุงู„ cyclic ุนุงุฑู ุงู†ุง ุนุงุฑู ุชุฃุซูŠุฑู‡ุง
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:12:08,820 --> 00:12:12,500
471
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง G ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ sub group generated by A if
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:12:12,500 --> 00:12:15,420
475
+ and only if ุงู„ G ุจุงุฑ ุงู„ sub group generated by Phi
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:12:15,420 --> 00:12:19,820
479
+ of A ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุงู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ุขู† ุจู†ุซุจุช in
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:12:19,820 --> 00:12:23,820
483
+ general G ุงู„ cyclic if and only if ุงู„ G ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:12:23,820 --> 00:12:28,980
487
+ ุฌูŠุชู„ู‡ุง ูˆู„ูˆ generator ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸูŠุจู‚ู‰ if and only
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:12:28,980 --> 00:12:37,040
491
+ if ุงู„ู€ G ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ group generated by A ูŠุจู‚ู‰ G ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:12:37,040 --> 00:12:43,780
495
+ ู„ูƒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† G ู‚ุฏุฑุช ุฃูˆู„ุฏู‡ุง ุจุนู†ุตุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏุซ ุฐู„ูƒ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:12:43,780 --> 00:12:48,640
499
+ ุดูˆ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ order ุชุจุน ุงู„ G ูˆ ุงู„ order ุชุจุน ุงู„
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:12:48,640 --> 00:12:57,020
503
+ AุŸุฅุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุช ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุตุญูŠุญ if and only
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:12:57,020 --> 00:13:04,200
507
+ if ุงู„ order ู„ู„ A ุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ order ู„ G ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:13:04,200 --> 00:13:11,160
511
+ ุตุญูŠุญ if and only if ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุชุช ุงู„
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:13:11,160 --> 00:13:16,620
515
+ order ู„ A ุดูˆ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:13:16,620 --> 00:13:23,080
519
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ A ุจุฏูŠ ุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ order ู„ู€ Phi of A
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:13:23,080 --> 00:13:29,700
523
+ ูˆุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฑู‚ู… ุณุจุนุฉ ุงู„ order ู„ G ุจุฏูŠ ุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ order ู„ G
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:13:29,700 --> 00:13:35,720
527
+ bar ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ Phi isomorphism ูŠุจู‚ู‰ F and only F ุงู„
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:13:35,720 --> 00:13:43,160
531
+ order ุชุจุน ุงู„ A ุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ order ู„ Phi of A ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:13:44,730 --> 00:13:49,870
535
+ ุตูˆู‰ ุงู„ order ู„ู„ู€ Fi of A ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุตุญูŠุญ ุฅุฐุง
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:13:49,870 --> 00:13:56,590
539
+ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ order ู„ A ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ order ู„ G
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:13:56,590 --> 00:14:04,230
543
+ ูˆ ุงู„ order ู„ G ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ order ุชุจุน ุงู„ G bar ูŠุจู‚ู‰
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:14:04,230 --> 00:14:09,930
547
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ order ุชุจุน ุงู„ G bar ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:14:09,930 --> 00:14:18,170
551
+ ู…ุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ order ุชุจุน ุงู„ G barูˆู„ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงุชู„ุงุฎุจุท
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:14:18,170 --> 00:14:24,110
555
+ ูู‰ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุตุญูŠุญ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:14:24,110 --> 00:14:28,750
559
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุตูˆูˆุง ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฏู‰ ุฎู„ุชู‡ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ูˆ ุงู„ order ู„ G
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:14:28,750 --> 00:14:33,350
563
+ ุจุฏุฃุฌู„ู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ order ู„ A ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ order
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:14:33,350 --> 00:14:39,290
567
+ ู„ู„ Phi of A ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ order ู„ G
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:14:39,690 --> 00:14:44,170
571
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุดูŠู„ุช ุงู„ order ู„ a ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช ุจุฏุง ุงู„ order ู„ phi
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:14:44,170 --> 00:14:49,910
575
+ of a ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ order ู„ g ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง f and only f
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:14:49,910 --> 00:14:58,750
579
+ ุทู„ุนู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ order ู„ู„ phi of a ุงู„ order ู„ู„ phi of
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:14:58,750 --> 00:15:05,730
583
+ a ู…ุงู„ู‡ุŸุงู„ู€ order ู„ G ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ order ู„ G bar ู‡ุฐุง
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:15:05,730 --> 00:15:11,810
587
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ order ู„ G bar ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฌุจุชู‡
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:15:11,810 --> 00:15:17,010
591
+ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ from ุณุจุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:15:17,010 --> 00:15:21,310
595
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฌุจุชู‡ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ููŠ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:15:21,310 --> 00:15:28,050
599
+ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฅู† ุญุฏุซ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฅู† ุงู„ order ู„ู€Phi
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:15:28,050 --> 00:15:34,510
603
+ of A ุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ order ู„ู€G bar ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ Phi of A ู‡ุฐุง
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:15:34,510 --> 00:15:38,590
607
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ G ูˆู„ุง ููŠ G barุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ ุณูˆู‰ ุงู„
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:15:38,590 --> 00:15:43,610
611
+ order ู„ู€G bar ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุŸ generator ูŠุจู‚ู‰
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:15:43,610 --> 00:15:50,720
615
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… if and only ifุฅู† ุงู„ู€ G bar ุจุฏู‡ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู„ู€
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:15:50,720 --> 00:15:57,140
619
+ group generated by Phi of A ุทุจ ุฅู† ุญุฏุซ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ G
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:15:57,140 --> 00:16:03,340
623
+ bar ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ู…ุงู„ G bar ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ if and only if
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:16:03,340 --> 00:16:12,270
627
+ ุงู„ู€ G bar is cyclic ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏู†ุง ููŠ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:16:12,270 --> 00:16:18,590
631
+ ุจุฑู‡ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู‚ุทุชูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:16:18,590 --> 00:16:22,450
635
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ order ู„ุฅูŠู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ order ู„ู€Phi of V
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:16:22,450 --> 00:16:26,190
639
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ order ู„ู€G ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:16:26,190 --> 00:16:31,050
643
+ order ู„ู€G bar ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุญุช ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุฃู† ุงู„ Phi ุงู„ู„ูŠ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:16:31,050 --> 00:16:37,490
647
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† isomorphismุจุฐู„ูƒ ู†ุตู„ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:16:37,490 --> 00:16:41,090
651
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุญุฏ ูŠู„ูˆ ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ู†ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู† ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:16:41,090 --> 00:16:49,240
655
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุญุจ ูŠุณุฃู„ู‰ ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠุด ุจู„ุงุดู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:16:49,240 --> 00:16:54,360
659
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† capital K ู‡ูˆ subgroup ู…ู† J
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:16:54,360 --> 00:17:00,220
663
+ ูุฅู† ููŠ of capital K ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠ of small k ุจุญูŠุซ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:17:00,220 --> 00:17:06,000
667
+ ูƒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ูƒ ูƒุงุจุชู„ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† subgroup ู…ู† ุฌูŠ ุจุงุฑ ุฅุฐุง
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:17:06,000 --> 00:17:10,220
671
+ ุจู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุซุจุช ุฅู† ุงู„ุณุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ subgroup ู…ู†
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:17:10,220 --> 00:17:17,090
675
+ ุฌูŠ ุจุงุฑู„ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุซุจุช ุงู„ subgroup ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:17:17,090 --> 00:17:22,810
679
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ุฅุซุจุงุช ุงู„ subgroup ุฃุจุณุทู‡ู… ูˆ ุฃุณุฑุนู‡ู… ุงู†ูŠ ุฃุซุจุช
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:17:22,810 --> 00:17:27,810
683
+ ู†ู‚ุทุชูŠู† ุงู† ุงู„ 6 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุฏูŠ is none ุงู…ุชู‰ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:17:27,810 --> 00:17:31,960
687
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู† ุถุฑุจุช ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ููŠ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:17:31,960 --> 00:17:35,960
691
+ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูŠุชู‡ู… ููŠู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง ุจุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:17:35,960 --> 00:17:43,980
695
+ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† subgroup ุทุจ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู†ุง ุฃุฏุนูŠ ุงู† five of K
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:17:43,980 --> 00:17:55,120
699
+ is non empty ุทูŠุจ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:17:55,120 --> 00:18:02,730
703
+ ู„ูŠุดุŸุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ K ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ sub group ู…ู† G ุจู†ูุน
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:18:02,730 --> 00:18:08,250
707
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† sub group ูˆู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง identity elementุŸ ุจู†ูุนุŸ ู„ุฃ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:18:08,250 --> 00:18:12,910
711
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ sub group ุงู„ identity element ุชุจุน ุงู„ K ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:18:12,910 --> 00:18:20,780
715
+ identity element ุชุจุน ู…ู†ุŸุทุจุน ุงู„ุฌูŠ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ุฅุฐุง
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:18:20,780 --> 00:18:28,340
719
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ non-empty since ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€Phi of ุงู„ identity
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:18:28,340 --> 00:18:36,780
723
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€G ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€Phi of ูƒุงุจุชู„ Kู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:18:36,780 --> 00:18:42,880
727
+ identity ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ G ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ูƒุงุจุชุงู„ K ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:18:42,880 --> 00:18:48,980
731
+ that is ุฃูŠ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ Phi of E ุฌูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:18:48,980 --> 00:18:55,680
735
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ E ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ G bar ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ Phi of
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:18:55,680 --> 00:19:03,000
739
+ ูƒุงุจุชุงู„ K ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ู‡ู‡ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุชุช
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:19:03,000 --> 00:19:05,980
743
+ ุฃูˆู„ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ููŠ ุจุฑู‡ุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ูƒุงู†
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:19:10,840 --> 00:19:17,020
747
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ Phi of K is non-empty ู„ุงู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุฌุฏ ุนู…ุตุฑูŠู† ููŠ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:19:17,020 --> 00:19:22,680
751
+ Phi of K ูˆู†ุซุจุช ุงู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ููŠ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:19:22,680 --> 00:19:28,660
755
+ ุงู† ุญุฏุซ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู‚ูˆู„ Phi of K is a subgroup ู„ุฐู„ูƒ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:19:28,660 --> 00:19:34,500
759
+ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ู„ุช ุงูุชุฑุถ ุงู† X ูˆY ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุช ููŠ K
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:19:38,240 --> 00:19:45,760
763
+ ุงุฎุฏุช ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุช ููŠ ูƒุงุจุชู„ ูƒูŠู‡ then ุงู„ู€ phi of x
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:19:45,760 --> 00:19:53,600
767
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ phi of y ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุช ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸููŠ ุฌูŠ ุจุงุฑ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:19:53,600 --> 00:19:58,660
771
+ ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ูƒู† ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุญุตุฑู‡ู… ุงูƒุชุฑ ุงู„ X ูˆ ุงู„ Y ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุช
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:19:58,660 --> 00:20:07,100
775
+ ููŠ K ูŠุจู‚ู‰ Phi of X ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ Phi of K ูˆ Phi of Y
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:20:07,100 --> 00:20:14,120
779
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ Phi of K ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ Phi of
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:20:14,120 --> 00:20:20,870
783
+ K ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุณุชุทุนุช ุงู† ุงุฌุฏ ุนู†ุตุฑ ูŠู†ุนุด
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:20:20,870 --> 00:20:27,210
787
+ ูˆุงู‚ูŠุง ุงู†ูˆุงู† ููŠ ููŠ of k ุงุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ููŠ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:20:27,210 --> 00:20:36,160
791
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฎุฏ ููŠ of x ููŠ ููŠ of y inverseุฅุฐุง
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:20:36,160 --> 00:20:42,520
795
+ ู‚ุฏุฑุช ุฃุซุจุช ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ Phi of K ู‚ุตุฑุช Phi of K
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:20:42,520 --> 00:20:47,360
799
+ subgroup ูˆุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎุงู„ุต.ุงู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:20:47,360 --> 00:20:53,860
803
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุฑุณู†ุงู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุฐู„ูƒ Phi of X ููŠ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:20:53,860 --> 00:20:59,870
807
+ Phi of Y inverse.ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงูˆ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:20:59,870 --> 00:21:04,190
811
+ ูŠู†ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจู†ุฒู„ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:21:04,190 --> 00:21:09,650
815
+ ุฑู‚ู… ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุงูˆ ุณุงู„ุจ ุงูˆ ุตูุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูุงุชุช ุงุฎุฏู†ุง
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:21:09,650 --> 00:21:14,310
819
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ five of a to the power n ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:21:14,310 --> 00:21:19,090
823
+ ุณูˆู‰ five of a ูƒู„ู‡ to the power n ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุญุงุตู„
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:21:19,090 --> 00:21:24,500
827
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุงุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงูŠุฒูˆ ู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… ู…ุงุฏุงู… ุงูŠุฒูˆ ู…ูˆุฑูุฒู…
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:21:24,500 --> 00:21:33,040
831
+ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ู‡ู… ุจููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ of x y inverse
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:21:33,040 --> 00:21:44,660
835
+ ู„ูŠุดุŸ since ุงู„ ููŠ is an isomorphismู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:21:44,660 --> 00:21:53,300
839
+ ููŠ of x y inverse ู‡ู„ ูŠุง ุชุฑู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ููŠ of
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:21:53,300 --> 00:21:54,400
843
+ ูƒุงุจุชู„ ูƒุŸ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:21:57,290 --> 00:22:03,990
847
+ ู…ุด K subgroup ูˆุงุฎุฏุช ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ููŠู‡
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:22:03,990 --> 00:22:07,650
851
+ ู…ุนุงูƒุณ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ K ุฒูŠ ุงู„ subgroup
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:22:07,650 --> 00:22:15,270
855
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ sense ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† X Y inverse ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:22:15,270 --> 00:22:21,160
859
+ capital K ูˆK ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† subgroup ู…ู† GุทูŠุจ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:22:21,160 --> 00:22:27,220
863
+ ุงุฐุง ุงุซุจุช ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ู„ุงุซุจุงุช ุงู† ูุงูŠ of K is a
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:22:27,220 --> 00:22:33,920
867
+ subgroup ู…ุฏุงู… ุงุซุจุชู‡ุง ุจุฑูˆุญ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ ุบุต ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูุงูŠ of
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:22:33,920 --> 00:22:42,720
871
+ ูƒุจุชู„ K is a subgroup ู…ู† ุฌูŠ ุจุงุฑ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุถู…ูˆู† ุญุฏุง
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:22:42,720 --> 00:22:45,780
875
+ ููŠูƒู… ุจูŠุญุจ ูŠุณุฃู„ ุงูŠ ุณุคุงู„ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ููˆุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:22:45,780 --> 00:22:48,760
879
+ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงูŠ ุชุณุงุคู„
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:22:53,040 --> 00:22:59,140
883
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ุŸ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:22:59,140 --> 00:23:03,320
887
+ ุชุนุงู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ุดูˆู ุชุนุงู„ ุจุณ ุดูˆู ุดุฑุงูŠูƒ ุฅูŠุด
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:23:03,320 --> 00:23:12,760
891
+ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุชุนุงู„ุŒ ุฃูŠูˆุฉุŒ ุฃู‡ ู…ุงู„ู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ A ูˆ ุงู„ B ูˆูŠู†
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:23:12,760 --> 00:23:17,970
895
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŸุงู„ู€ A ูˆุงู„ู€ B ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุช ููŠ ุฌูŠ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ Phi
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:23:17,970 --> 00:23:21,050
899
+ inverse of A ูˆPhi inverse of B ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุช ููŠ ุฌูŠ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:23:21,050 --> 00:23:26,530
903
+ ุจุงุฑ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุงุฎุฏ A ูˆB ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุฌูŠ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:23:26,530 --> 00:23:31,610
907
+ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ู…ู† ุฌูŠ ุจุงุฑ ุฏุฑ ุจุงู„ูƒ ุงู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุณู„ูŠู… ููŠุด ููŠู‡
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:23:31,610 --> 00:23:37,470
911
+ ู„ุง ุบุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุญุฏ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณุฃู„ ุชุงู†ูŠุŸ ุทูŠุจ ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ุขู†
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:23:37,470 --> 00:23:40,230
915
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู„ูŠู‡ุง
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:23:59,000 --> 00:24:09,480
919
+ ู†ู‚ุถู‰ ุชุนุฑูŠู ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ definition and isomorphism
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:24:09,480 --> 00:24:14,980
923
+ and isomorphism
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:24:14,980 --> 00:24:30,500
927
+ from a groupุฌูŠ onto onto
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:24:30,500 --> 00:24:46,240
931
+ itself onto itself ุงู„ู‡ ู†ูุณู‡ุง is called is
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:24:46,240 --> 00:24:48,900
935
+ called and
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:24:54,010 --> 00:24:57,410
939
+ Atomorphism Atomorphism of G
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:25:40,700 --> 00:25:45,060
943
+ ุฃุญู†ุง ู„ุงู† ู…ูˆุถูˆุนู†ุง ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู€ isomorphism ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏูŠู†ุง
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:25:45,060 --> 00:25:51,600
947
+ ู†ุฎุตุต ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ู†ุฎุตุต ุงู„ isomorphism ู‡ูˆ function ู…ู†
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:25:51,600 --> 00:25:55,840
951
+ ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู„ function ู‡ุงุฏูŠ one to
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:25:55,840 --> 00:26:00,840
955
+ one and and ู‡ูˆ ุชุญู‚ู‚ ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ phi of a b ุจุฏู‡ ุณูˆู‰ phi
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:26:00,840 --> 00:26:08,660
959
+ of a ููŠ phi of b ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ุงู†ุงู„ุงู† ุงูŠุด ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ุŸ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:26:08,660 --> 00:26:13,280
963
+ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ function ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ู…ุด
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:26:13,280 --> 00:26:18,300
967
+ ู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู† ุญุฏุซ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:26:18,300 --> 00:26:22,420
971
+ function ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ู…ุด ู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:26:22,420 --> 00:26:27,610
975
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงูŠุดุŸ atomorphismูุงู„ definition
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:26:27,610 --> 00:26:32,810
979
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ isomorphism ู…ู† ุงู„ group G onto itself
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:26:32,810 --> 00:26:38,730
983
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู† G ุฅู„ู‰ G ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุฏูŠ is a is called an
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:26:38,730 --> 00:26:42,770
987
+ atomorphism ุงูŠุด ุฑุฃูŠูƒุŸ ุงุญู†ุง ุฎุฏู†ุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:26:42,770 --> 00:26:47,960
991
+ atomorphism ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุด ุฏุงุฑูŠู†ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฑู‚ู…
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:26:47,960 --> 00:26:51,160
995
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฑู‚ู… ุฃุฑุจุน ู…ุนุงูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:26:51,160 --> 00:26:59,440
999
+ isomorphism ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูˆู„ example ุงู„ุฎุฏู†ุง define ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:26:59,440 --> 00:27:03,500
1003
+ five ู…ู† ุงู„ special linear group of two by two
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:27:03,500 --> 00:27:09,380
1007
+ matrices over R ู„ู„ special linear group of two by
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:27:09,380 --> 00:27:19,920
1011
+ two matrices over RDefine Phi by ุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Phi
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:27:19,920 --> 00:27:30,340
1015
+ M of A ุจุฏูŠ ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ M A M inverse ูˆุงู„ู€ M ู‡ุฐู‡
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:27:30,340 --> 00:27:34,820
1019
+ ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ู†ุธุงู…ู‡ุง 2 ููŠ 2 ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ special ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ู„ุง
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:27:34,820 --> 00:27:40,360
1023
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ู„ูƒู† ู†ุธุงู…ู‡ุง 2 ููŠ 2ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ function ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:27:40,360 --> 00:27:46,240
1027
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู†ุธุฑุง ุงุซุจุชู†ุงู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุง isomorphism ูˆู‡ูŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:27:46,240 --> 00:27:51,460
1031
+ group ุงู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ group ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ is an atomorphism
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:27:51,460 --> 00:28:02,680
1035
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ since ููŠ ู… is an isomorphism
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:28:02,680 --> 00:28:09,610
1039
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง previousexample ู…ุด ู‡ู†ู‚ุนุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุนูŠุฏ ููŠู‡ ุชุงู†ูŠ
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:28:09,610 --> 00:28:18,570
1043
+ and ุงู„ู€ phi m ู…ู† ุงู„ special linear group ู„ู„
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:28:18,570 --> 00:28:28,810
1047
+ special linear group ู‡ูŠู‡ุง ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ we have ุฃู†ู‡
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:28:28,810 --> 00:28:33,070
1051
+ phi is an atomorphism
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:28:35,930 --> 00:28:40,410
1055
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซุงู„ ูƒู†ุง ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู†ู‡ ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุด ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ ุงูˆ ู†ุฏุฑูŠุด
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:28:40,410 --> 00:28:45,050
1059
+ ุงู†ู‡ atomorphism ุงุซุจุชู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ isomorphism ูˆ ุณูƒุชู†ุง ู„ูƒู†
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:28:45,050 --> 00:28:48,810
1063
+ ู„ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ group ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ group ุงุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ู‡ุฐุง
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:28:48,810 --> 00:28:57,450
1067
+ ู…ุนู„ู‡ ุตุงุฑ atomorphism ู†ุนุทูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ ุงุฎุฑ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงุนุชุจุฑู‡
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:28:57,450 --> 00:29:05,890
1071
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุงุชุงู„ู€
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:29:05,890 --> 00:29:13,150
1075
+ R ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ order pairs A ูˆ B ุจุญูŠุซ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:29:13,150 --> 00:29:17,990
1079
+ ุงู† ุงู„ A ูˆ ุงู„ B ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ set of real numbers
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:29:17,990 --> 00:29:27,650
1083
+ then ุงู„ R square ูˆ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน is a group
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:29:27,650 --> 00:29:34,730
1087
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ุงุชุฑูˆุญ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฑ ุดูŠูƒู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆ ุงุชุฃูƒุฏุงู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:29:34,730 --> 00:29:41,790
1091
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† group define a
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:29:41,790 --> 00:29:52,150
1095
+ function phi ู…ู† ุงู„ R square ู„ู„ R square by phi of
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:29:52,150 --> 00:29:58,810
1099
+ A ูˆ B ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ B ูˆ ุงู„ A
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:30:03,430 --> 00:30:08,090
1103
+ show that ุฃู†
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:30:08,090 --> 00:30:17,370
1107
+ ูุงูŠ is an atomorphism ุจูŠุฌูŠู„ูŠ ุฃู† ูุงูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:30:17,370 --> 00:30:18,950
1111
+ atomorphism
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:30:28,120 --> 00:30:32,080
1115
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู€ function ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‚ุงู„ ูŠุนุฑู ุงู„ู€
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:30:32,080 --> 00:30:36,340
1119
+ function define a function ููŠ ู…ู† R ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ู‰ R
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:30:36,340 --> 00:30:41,980
1123
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจุญูŠุซ ููŠ of A ูˆB ุจุชู‚ู„ุจ ูˆุถุน ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ A ูˆ ุงู„
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:30:41,980 --> 00:30:49,910
1127
+ B ุฅู„ู‰ B ูˆ Aูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ู‚ู„ุจ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ XY ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุฎุท
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:30:49,910 --> 00:30:52,970
1131
+ Y ุชุณุงูˆูŠ X ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุฌุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:30:52,970 --> 00:30:58,170
1135
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฌุงู„ ูŠุจูŠู† ู„ูŠ ุงู† ุงู„
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:30:58,170 --> 00:31:03,310
1139
+ Phi ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงุชูˆู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… ูˆ ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู† Phi ู‡ูŠู‡ุง ู…ู†
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:31:03,310 --> 00:31:06,710
1143
+ ูˆูŠู† ู„ูˆูŠู† ู…ู† R ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฅู„ู‰ R ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุฑูˆู…
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:31:06,710 --> 00:31:10,800
1147
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูุณู‡ุงูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุด ุถุงูŠู‚ ู„ุนูŠู†ู†ุง ู†ุซุจุช ุฅู„ุง ููŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:31:10,800 --> 00:31:14,380
1151
+ isomorphism ุฅู† ุฃุซุจุชู†ุงู‡ุง isomorphism ุจุชุตูŠุฑ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:31:14,380 --> 00:31:19,460
1155
+ atomorphism ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃุฎุฑ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ุฅู† ููŠ one to one
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:31:19,460 --> 00:31:24,220
1159
+ and one to one ุชุฎุฏู… ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ isomorphism ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:31:24,220 --> 00:31:31,600
1163
+ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุฃูˆู„ ุดุบู„ุฉ ุจููŠ is one to oneูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏู‰ ุงุญุงูˆู„ ุงุซุจุช
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:31:31,600 --> 00:31:38,600
1167
+ ุงู† ูุงูŠ is one to one ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุงุฎุฏ ุตูˆุฑุชูŠู†
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:31:38,600 --> 00:31:44,480
1171
+ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุชูŠู† ูˆ ุงุซุจุช ุงู† ุงุตู„ู‡ู… ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูุจุฑูˆุญ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:31:44,480 --> 00:31:54,680
1175
+ assume ุงูุชุฑุถ that ุงู† ูุงูŠ of a ูˆ b ุจุฏู‰ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูุงูŠ of
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:31:54,680 --> 00:32:01,240
1179
+ c ูˆ dูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุงุซุจุช ุงู† ุงู„ A ูˆ ุงู„ B ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:32:01,240 --> 00:32:10,240
1183
+ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ C ูˆ D ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู†ุซุจุช ุงู† ุงู„ A ูˆ ุงู„ B
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:32:10,240 --> 00:32:16,180
1187
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ CD ุซู… ุงู„
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:32:16,180 --> 00:32:24,090
1191
+ Phi of A ูˆ B ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ B ูˆ Aุงู„ู€5 of C ูˆD ู‡ูŠ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:32:24,090 --> 00:32:32,370
1195
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† D ูˆC ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ two
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:32:32,370 --> 00:32:36,010
1199
+ ordered pairs are equal ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:32:36,010 --> 00:32:40,150
1203
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:32:40,150 --> 00:32:45,490
1207
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ linear algebra ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุทูŠู†ุง ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:32:45,670 --> 00:32:52,350
1211
+ ุจุฏูˆุง ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ b ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ d ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ a
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:32:52,350 --> 00:32:58,370
1215
+ ุจุฏูˆุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ c ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูˆุง ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุจุฏุฃ ุญุงูˆู„
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:32:58,370 --> 00:33:03,790
1219
+ ุงุซุจุช ุงู† ุงู„ a ูˆ ุงู„ b ุจุฏูˆุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ .. ุจุฏุฃ .. ุจุฏุฃ ุญุงูˆู„
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:33:03,790 --> 00:33:07,830
1223
+ ุงุซุจุช ุงู† ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฎุฏู†ุง .. ุจุฏุฃ ุญุงูˆู„ ุงุซุจุช ุงู† ุงู„ a ูˆ ุงู„ b
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:33:07,830 --> 00:33:13,810
1227
+ ุจุฏูˆุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ c ูˆ ุงู„ d ุฅุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ a ูˆ ุงู„ b
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:33:15,180 --> 00:33:20,240
1231
+ ุงู„ู€ A ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ C ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุดูŠู„ู‡ุง ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุจ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:33:20,240 --> 00:33:26,560
1235
+ ุจุฏุงู„ู‡ุง C ูˆุงู„ู€ B ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† D ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:33:26,560 --> 00:33:30,520
1239
+ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€ A ูˆ ุงู„ู€ B ุงู„ order pair ุณุงูˆู‰ ุงู„
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:33:30,520 --> 00:33:33,520
1243
+ order pair ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ C ูˆ D ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฃู†ู‡
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:33:33,520 --> 00:33:39,640
1247
+ Phi is one to one ุจุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุงู„ Phi is onto
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:33:42,100 --> 00:33:49,840
1251
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฑูˆุญ ุงุฎุฏ ุงูŠ element A ูˆB ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ Rยฒ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:33:49,840 --> 00:33:56,300
1255
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุซุจุช ุงู†ู‡ ุงูŠ element ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ XY ู„ู‡ ุงุตู„ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:33:56,300 --> 00:34:07,120
1259
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ XY ูŠุจู‚ู‰ then ุงู„ A ูˆ ุงู„ B ู„ูˆ ุฌู„ุจุชู‡ ุงูŠุด
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:34:07,120 --> 00:34:13,230
1263
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑุŸB ูˆ A ุจูŠุธู„ ููŠ R ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูˆู„ุง ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุจุฑุงุŸ ุจูŠุธู„
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:34:13,230 --> 00:34:18,610
1267
+ ููŠ R ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง then ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุงู‚ูˆู„ A ูˆ B ุจุฏูŠ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:34:18,610 --> 00:34:28,110
1271
+ ุงู‚ูˆู„ B ูˆ A ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ R ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุจู‚ู‰ and ุงู„ A
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:34:28,110 --> 00:34:41,230
1275
+ ูˆ ุงู„ B ุฏู‡ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ Phi of B ูˆ Aูู‰ ุงู„ู€
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:34:41,230 --> 00:34:46,390
1279
+ element ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ ููŠ R ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠุช ู„ู‡ ุฃุตู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:34:46,390 --> 00:34:51,990
1283
+ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ R ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠ ูˆ ุฅูŠู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูุงูŠ is on to
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:34:51,990 --> 00:34:56,590
1287
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูŠ element ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ group ู„ู‚ูŠุชู„ู‡ ุฃุตู„ ููŠ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:34:56,590 --> 00:35:02,500
1291
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ group ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูุงูŠ is on toุถุงูŠู„ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:35:02,500 --> 00:35:09,820
1295
+ ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ isomorphism ูุงูŠ is an isomorphism ุจุฏุง
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:35:09,820 --> 00:35:17,180
1299
+ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ ูุงูŠ of ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎุฏ a ูˆ b ุงู„ operation ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:35:17,180 --> 00:35:24,320
1303
+ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ู„ c ูˆ d ุฃุฎุฏ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู„ู‰ main ุนู„ู‰ two
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:35:24,320 --> 00:35:29,290
1307
+ elements ูˆุงู„ two elements ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ RยฒูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:35:29,290 --> 00:35:40,470
1311
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠ ุงูˆ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a ุฒุงุฆุฏ c ูˆ b ุฒุงุฆุฏ d
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:35:40,470 --> 00:35:47,190
1315
+ ูƒู„ู‡ ูƒ element ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:35:47,190 --> 00:35:56,060
1319
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ a ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุจุฒุงุฆุฏ ุฏูŠ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ a
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:35:56,060 --> 00:36:03,540
1323
+ ุฒุงุฆุฏ c ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ู‡ุฐุง
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:36:03,540 --> 00:36:09,600
1327
+ ุจุฌู„ุจ ูˆุถุน ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุชูŠู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุฌู„ุจู†ุงู‡ู… ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:36:09,600 --> 00:36:17,380
1331
+ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุฌุซุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ู‚ูˆุณูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ู†ุนู… ูƒูŠู
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:36:17,380 --> 00:36:25,640
1335
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุงู„ูŠู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู‚ูˆู„ b ูˆ a ุฒุงุฆุฏ d ูˆ c
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:36:25,640 --> 00:36:33,840
1339
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ b ูˆ ุงู„ a ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ู„ definition ู…ุด ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:36:33,840 --> 00:36:41,580
1343
+ five of a ูˆ b ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ d ูˆ c ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† five of
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:36:41,580 --> 00:36:49,470
1347
+ c ูˆ dุทุจ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ู†ุงุŸ ุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏุช ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:36:49,470 --> 00:36:54,910
1351
+ two ordered pair ู„ุฌูŠุช ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ููŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:36:54,910 --> 00:37:00,370
1355
+ ุงู„ููŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ element ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุฒูŠ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ููŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:37:00,370 --> 00:37:06,870
1359
+ element ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุธู„ุช ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ since
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:37:07,360 --> 00:37:16,480
1363
+ ูุงูŠ ู…ู† R ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‰ R ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ is an isomorphism ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:37:16,480 --> 00:37:28,040
1367
+ ุงู„ูุงูŠ is an atomorphism ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู†ูุง
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:37:28,040 --> 00:37:34,660
1371
+ ุตุงุนุฏุง ู…ุดุงู† ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงุชูˆ ู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุชุฃูƒุฏ ุฃู†ู‡
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:37:34,660 --> 00:37:39,120
1375
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ group ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ group ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงูŠุฒูˆ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:37:39,120 --> 00:37:44,780
1379
+ ู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… ูุจุงู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุชุนุฑูŠู ู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:37:44,780 --> 00:37:53,360
1383
+ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุชุนุฑูŠู ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠุฃุชูŠ definition little
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:37:53,360 --> 00:38:02,420
1387
+ gb grouplet ุงู„ู€ G ุจูŠ A group and
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:38:02,420 --> 00:38:13,380
1391
+ let ุงู„ A ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ group define a function
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:38:13,380 --> 00:38:22,820
1395
+ ูุงูŠ A ู…ู† ุงู„ group G ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ group G by
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:38:25,000 --> 00:38:36,580
1399
+ ูุงูŠ a of x ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ a x a inverse ู„ูƒู„
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:38:36,580 --> 00:38:46,740
1403
+ ุงู„ x ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ g ุจุงู„ุงุณุชุซู†ุงุก ูŠุจู‚ู‰ then ูุงูŠ a is
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:38:46,740 --> 00:38:52,120
1407
+ called is called an
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:38:54,790 --> 00:39:01,530
1411
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ is called the inner the
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:39:01,530 --> 00:39:05,550
1415
+ inner atomorphism
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:39:05,550 --> 00:39:20,910
1419
+ atomorphism of g induced by a ู†ุงุฎุฏ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:39:20,910 --> 00:39:21,670
1423
+ ู…ุซุงู„
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:39:25,360 --> 00:39:35,000
1427
+ example let ุงู„ู€ G ุชุณุงูˆูŠ D4 D4 ุนู†ุงุตุฑู‡ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ู… ุฑ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:39:35,000 --> 00:39:43,740
1431
+ ู†ูˆุฏ ูˆ R ุชุณุนูŠู† ูˆ R ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ูˆ R ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† ูˆ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:39:43,740 --> 00:39:51,400
1435
+ H ูˆ V ูˆ D ูˆ D prime ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ with
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:39:53,530 --> 00:40:06,890
1439
+ R 360 ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ R ู†ูˆุช R 360 ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ R ู†ูˆุช ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู€ H
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:40:06,890 --> 00:40:14,450
1443
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ V ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ D ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:40:14,450 --> 00:40:18,630
1447
+ ุงู„ู€ D ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ D ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:40:18,630 --> 00:40:19,830
1451
+ Identity
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:40:26,700 --> 00:40:44,820
1455
+ define a function ููŠ ุชุณุนูŠู† ู…ู† D4 ุฅู„ู‰ D4 by ููŠ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:40:44,820 --> 00:40:48,800
1459
+ ุชุณุนูŠู† of X ุณุงูˆูŠ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:40:50,750 --> 00:41:08,450
1463
+ ุฑ ุชุณุนูŠู† ุฑ ุชุณุนูŠู† ุฑ ุชุณุนูŠู† ุฑ ุชุณุนูŠู† ุฑ ุชุณุนูŠู† ุฑ ุชุณุนูŠู†
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:41:08,450 --> 00:41:12,330
1467
+ ุฑ ุชุณุนูŠู†
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:41:24,400 --> 00:41:37,300
1471
+ ุงู„ูุงูŠ R ุชุณุนูŠู† is an inner atomorphism
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:41:51,150 --> 00:41:56,130
1475
+ ุงู„ุนุฑุจู‰ ุจู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ inner atom morphism ุฌุงู„ูŠ ุฌูŠ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:41:56,130 --> 00:42:00,870
1479
+ ุฌุฑูˆุจ ูˆุฎุฏ ููŠู‡ุง element ุนุฑู function ุณู…ุงู‡ุง ููŠ a ู…ู† g
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:42:00,870 --> 00:42:07,050
1483
+ ุฅู„ู‰ g ุจุงูŠ ููŠ a of x ูŠุณูˆูŠ a x a inverse ุงู„ุดุจูŠู‡
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:42:07,050 --> 00:42:12,610
1487
+ ุจู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุดุจูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุชูˆ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ m of a ูŠุณูˆูŠ m
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:42:12,610 --> 00:42:16,830
1491
+ a m inverseุจุณ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ element ูˆู„ูŠุณ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:42:16,830 --> 00:42:20,810
1495
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ู…ูŠู† ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ group ุณูˆุงุก ู…ุตููˆูุงุช ูˆู„ุง
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:42:20,810 --> 00:42:27,030
1499
+ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุตููˆูุงุช ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ a x ูŠุณูˆูˆ ุงู„ a x ุงู†ูุฑุณุช ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:42:27,030 --> 00:42:31,850
1503
+ x ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ g ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ of a ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง inner
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:42:31,850 --> 00:42:37,350
1507
+ atomorphism ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูƒู†ู‡ atomorphism ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:42:37,350 --> 00:42:42,310
1511
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ groupุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุนุทูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ ุชูˆุถูŠุญูŠ ุงุฎุฏู†ุง D4 ูˆ
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:42:42,310 --> 00:42:47,310
1515
+ ูƒุชุจู†ุง ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ D4 ูƒู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูƒุชูˆุจุฉ ู…ุนุงู†ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู‚ุงู„
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:42:47,310 --> 00:42:52,030
1519
+ ูŠุนุฑู ุงู„ function Phi R ุชุณุนูŠู† ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู… ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุฌูŠุจ Phi
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:42:52,030 --> 00:42:56,390
1523
+ R ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ูˆ Phi R ู…ุชูŠู† ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† ูˆ Phi R H ูˆ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:42:56,390 --> 00:43:02,650
1527
+ Phi R V ูˆ Phi R D ูˆ Phi D Prime ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุฌูŠุจู‡ู…
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:43:02,940 --> 00:43:07,580
1531
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ atomorphism ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุนุถู‡ู…
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:43:07,580 --> 00:43:11,480
1535
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุจุนุถู‡ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงุชุทู„ุนูˆุด ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง ุฃู‚ู„ ุจุณ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:43:11,480 --> 00:43:16,020
1539
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ูุงูŠ ุงุฑ ุชุณุนูŠู† ูˆู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:43:16,020 --> 00:43:22,020
1543
+ ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุจุงู„ุงุณุชุซู†ุงุก ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง show that ุงู†
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:43:22,020 --> 00:43:28,800
1547
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ atomorphism ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ solutionุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู†ุฌูŠุจ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:43:28,800 --> 00:43:37,480
1551
+ ุงูˆู„ ุดูŠ FI R ุชุณุนูŠู† of ุงู„ R noteุจุฏูŠ ุงู…ุณูƒ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุนู†ุงุตุฑ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:43:37,480 --> 00:43:44,100
1555
+ ุงู„ D4 ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฅู† ูุงูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุฑู†ุฏ ู…ู† D4 ุฅู„ู‰ D4 ูˆุงู†ุง ุฌุงูŠ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:43:44,100 --> 00:43:50,720
1559
+ ู„ู…ุนุฑูู‡ุง ุงู† ูุงูŠ R90X ุชุณุงูˆูŠ R90X ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ X ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:43:50,720 --> 00:43:56,700
1563
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ D4 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ X ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:43:56,700 --> 00:44:04,190
1567
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ D4ุฅุฐุง ู…ูŠุฏุงู„ูŠ ู„ R ุชุณุนูŠู† R ู†ูˆุฏ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:44:04,190 --> 00:44:13,090
1571
+ R ุชุณุนูŠู† R ู†ูˆุฏ R ุชุณุนูŠู† inverse ุงู„ R ู†ูˆุฏ ู…ุด ู‡ุฏุง ุงู„
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:44:13,090 --> 00:44:18,630
1575
+ identity ุทุจ ูˆุงู„ R ุชุณุนูŠู† ููŠู‡ R ุชุณุนูŠู† inverse ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:44:18,630 --> 00:44:26,660
1579
+ ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ R ู†ูˆุฏ itselfู„ู† ูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุดูŠุก ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู‰
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:44:26,660 --> 00:44:36,320
1583
+ ุงุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุงุฑ ุชุณุนูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:44:36,320 --> 00:44:46,980
1587
+ ุจุฏู‡ ุณุงูˆู„ ุงุฑ ุชุณุนูŠู† ุงุฑ ุชุณุนูŠู† ุงุฑ ุชุณุนูŠู† ุงู†ูุฑุณุงู„ู€
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:44:46,980 --> 00:44:51,440
1591
+ element ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ inverse ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ identity
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:44:51,440 --> 00:44:59,720
1595
+ ููŠ R ุชุณุนูŠู† ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง R ุชุณุนูŠู† itself ู…ุงุชุบูŠุฑุชุด ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:44:59,720 --> 00:45:08,100
1599
+ ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ูุงูŠ R ุชุณุนูŠู† R ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:45:08,100 --> 00:45:16,000
1603
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง R ุชุณุนูŠู† R ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† R ุชุณุนูŠู† inverse
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:45:16,760 --> 00:45:23,180
1607
+ ู‡ู„ ู„ูŠุณุช ู‡ุฐู‡ R 180 ูƒู…ุงู†ุŸ
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:45:23,180 --> 00:45:28,130
1611
+ R ูƒู…ูŠูˆุช ู…ุน ู†ูุณู‡ุงุŒ ูƒู„ ุงู„ rotation ูƒู…ูŠูˆุช ู…ุน ู†ูุณู‡ุงุทูŠุจ
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:45:28,130 --> 00:45:35,910
1615
+ ู„ูˆ ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ุฌูŠุจู†ุง R ุชุณุนูŠู† ุงูˆ Phi R ุชุณุนูŠู† of R ู…ูŠุชูŠู†
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:45:35,910 --> 00:45:44,750
1619
+ ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ R ุชุณุนูŠู† R ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† R ุชุณุนูŠู† inverse
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:45:44,750 --> 00:45:50,590
1623
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู…ุงู† R ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏู„ู†ุงู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:45:50,590 --> 00:45:55,150
1627
+ ุจุฌูŠุจู†ุง ุงู„ identity ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠู…ุง ุจุนุฏุŸูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏู†ุง
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:45:55,150 --> 00:46:04,930
1631
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ R ุชุณุนูŠู† of H ูŠุจู‚ู‰ R ุชุณุนูŠู† H R ุชุณุนูŠู†
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:46:04,930 --> 00:46:11,950
1635
+ inverse ุทุจ ุงุณุชู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ุดูŠุก R ุชู„ุช ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุณุชูŠู†
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:46:11,950 --> 00:46:19,210
1639
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ R note ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจู†ุง ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ููŠ
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:46:19,210 --> 00:46:24,750
1643
+ ุงู„ R inverse ู…ุด ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู† ุงู„ R ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆ
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:46:24,750 --> 00:46:33,150
1647
+ ุณุจุนูŠู† ุจุฏูŠ ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ R ุชุณุนูŠู† inverse ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ ู…ุธุจูˆุท
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:46:33,150 --> 00:46:43,100
1651
+ ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงูƒุชุจู‡ุง R ุชุณุนูŠู† H R ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู†ุจุนุฏ ุฑ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:46:43,100 --> 00:46:52,480
1655
+ ุชุณุนูŠู† ุงุชุด ุฑ ุชุณุนูŠู†
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:46:52,480 --> 00:46:58,980
1659
+ ุงุชุด ู‚ุฏุงุด ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฑุฌุนุช ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุฑ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:46:58,980 --> 00:47:08,940
1663
+ ุชุณุนูŠู† ุงุชุด ุจุชุนุทูŠูƒ D primeูู‰ R270 ูˆู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ D'
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:47:09,260 --> 00:47:24,160
1667
+ ูู‰ R270 ุจุชุฏูŠู„ูƒ V ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฑูˆุญ ุฌุจุช ูุงูŠ R90 V
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:47:24,160 --> 00:47:28,260
1671
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุณุงูˆูŠ R90
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:47:29,780 --> 00:47:38,080
1675
+ ููŠ V ููŠ R ุชุณุนูŠู† inverse ูˆูŠุณุงูˆูŠ R ุชุณุนูŠู† V R ุชุณุนูŠู† V
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:47:38,080 --> 00:47:48,640
1679
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจ D ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจ R ู…ุชูŠู† ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† ู…ุชูŠู† ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:47:48,640 --> 00:47:57,370
1683
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ูŠู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† H ุงู„ุขู†ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุงุฏ H ุจุงู„ู…ุซู„ ู„ูˆ
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:47:57,370 --> 00:48:08,430
1687
+ ุฌูŠุจู†ุง ูุงูŠ R ุชุณุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ D ุจุฏูŠ ุณุงูˆูŠ R ุชุณุนูŠู† D R
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:48:08,430 --> 00:48:17,170
1691
+ ุชุณุนูŠู† inverse R ุชุณุนูŠู† V R ุชุณุนูŠู† D ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:48:17,170 --> 00:48:25,370
1695
+ Hูู‰ R ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู€ H ูู‰ R ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ู‰
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:48:25,370 --> 00:48:32,970
1699
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ูŠู† ุนู† D Prime ุงู„ุงู† ุจู‚ูŠุช ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:48:32,970 --> 00:48:41,410
1703
+ Phi R ุชุณุนูŠู† ูู‰ D Prime ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู‡ุชุนุทู‰ ู„ูƒ D
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:48:43,390 --> 00:48:47,670
1707
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ inner-automorphism ุฌุงุจ ู„ูŠ
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:48:47,670 --> 00:48:55,510
1711
+ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุฌุงุจ ู„ูŠู‡ ูƒู„ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ D4 ุจู„ุง ุงุณุชุซู†ุงุก ุชู…ุงู…ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:48:55,510 --> 00:49:03,770
1715
+ ุฃุตุจุญ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ 5R90
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:49:03,770 --> 00:49:12,280
1719
+ ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุฃุซุฑุช ุนู„ู‰ D4 ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงุนุทุชู†ูŠ D4 ูƒู„ู‡ุงุงู†ุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฑูˆุญ
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:49:12,280 --> 00:49:17,500
1723
+ ุชุงุฎุฏ ููŠ ุฑ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุงุฎุฏ ููŠ ุฑ ู…ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆ
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:49:17,500 --> 00:49:23,840
1727
+ ุณุจุนูŠู† ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุงุฎุฏ ููŠ ุฑ ุงุชุด ุงูˆ ุชุงุฎุฏ ููŠ ุงุชุด ูˆ ููŠ ุฏูŠ
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:49:23,840 --> 00:49:28,340
1731
+ ูˆ ููŠ ุฏูŠ ูˆ ููŠ ุฏูŠ prime ูˆ ุงุทู„ุน ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏู‡ ู„ูŠุณ
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:49:28,340 --> 00:49:33,840
1735
+ ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ุงู† ู‡ุฌูŠุจู„ูƒ ุฏูŠ prime ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุงุชุฎูŠู„ุช ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:49:33,840 --> 00:49:40,340
1739
+ R ุชุณุนูŠู† ู‡ุฌูŠุจู„ูƒ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ D prime ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ู„ุงุทูŠุจ ุนู„ู‰
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:49:40,340 --> 00:49:43,880
1743
+ ุงูŠ ุญุงู„ ุญุชู‰ ู„ุงู† ู…ุง ุงู†ุชู‡ู†ุงุด ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ section ูŠูˆู…
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:49:43,880 --> 00:49:49,400
1747
+ ุงู„ุณุจุช ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุณุงุนุชูŠู† ููŠุงุฑูŠุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุณุจุช ุงุชุญุถุฑูŠ ุงูˆู„
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:49:49,400 --> 00:49:54,620
1751
+ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุงุณุฆู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ู„ุงู† ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู†ูƒู…ู„
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:49:54,620 --> 00:49:58,120
1755
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ section ูˆ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุฉ
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:49:58,120 --> 00:49:58,860
1759
+ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
1760
+
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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,650 --> 00:00:24,730
3
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ูˆุฑุญู…ู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุดุจุชุฑ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:24,730 --> 00:00:28,550
7
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูƒุฌุฒุก ู†ุธุฑูŠ ูˆุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:28,550 --> 00:00:35,150
11
+ ุณู†ู†ุงู‚ุด ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ู…ุง ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:35,150 --> 00:00:43,140
15
+ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุงุณุฆู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ chapter 8 ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:43,140 --> 00:00:47,920
19
+ ุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ product external direct ู‡ูˆ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุณุคุงู„
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:47,920 --> 00:00:52,620
23
+ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณ ู…ุซู„ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ prove by comparing orders of the
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:52,620 --> 00:00:57,200
27
+ element ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจูŠู†
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:57,200 --> 00:01:08,610
31
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู„ุฅุซุจุงุช ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุฅุซุจุงุช ุฃู† Z8external direct
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:08,610 --> 00:01:17,670
35
+ product ู…ุน z2 is not isomorphic
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:17,670 --> 00:01:18,970
39
+ ุงู„ู‰ z4
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:23,930 --> 00:01:28,970
43
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏู„ู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู„ูŠ ุงู„ orders ู„ู„
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:28,970 --> 00:01:33,270
47
+ element ููŠ ูƒู„ุง ุงู„ two groups ู„ู„ุญูƒู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ group
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:33,270 --> 00:01:37,930
51
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู„ูŠุณุช isomorphic ู„ู„ group ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:37,930 --> 00:01:41,810
55
+ ุฌูŠุช ู„ู„ group ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ู„ ููŠู‡ุง element of order
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:41,810 --> 00:01:49,270
59
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ Z ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ X ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุถุงูŠู‚ุฉ product ู…ุน Z
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:49,270 --> 00:01:49,730
63
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:53,360 --> 00:01:59,800
67
+ ุจุณ ููŠู‡ุง .. ููŠู‡ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุฌุฒุงูƒุŸ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:59,800 --> 00:02:05,740
71
+ ูˆุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:02:05,740 --> 00:02:09,080
75
+ ูˆุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:09,080 --> 00:02:14,500
79
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŒ ููŠ ุบูŠุฑู‡ุŸุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ุตูุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจุฏู„ ุงู„
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:14,500 --> 00:02:18,020
83
+ element ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ orders ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ูŠุณูˆูˆุง ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:18,020 --> 00:02:22,560
87
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ Z ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:22,560 --> 00:02:25,280
91
+ zero ุงู„ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ least common
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:25,280 --> 00:02:28,660
95
+ multiple ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุธุจูˆุท
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:28,660 --> 00:02:35,800
99
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ element ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ zero ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ Z
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:35,800 --> 00:02:42,970
103
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ external direct product with orderุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:42,970 --> 00:02:48,030
107
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ element ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุจู†ุฌูŠ ู„
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:48,030 --> 00:02:52,590
111
+ Z ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูƒุณู†ุฉ product ู…ุน Z ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ู„ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:52,590 --> 00:02:56,430
115
+ element ุงู„ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฑุบู… ุฃู†ู‡ ุณุชุฉ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:56,430 --> 00:03:02,410
119
+ ุนุดุฑ ุนู†ุตุฑ ู‡ุง ููŠ element Z ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ู… ูŠุง ุงู…ุง
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:02,410 --> 00:03:06,790
123
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุง ุงู…ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุง ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุชู†ูŠู†
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:06,790 --> 00:03:10,410
127
+ ูˆุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ู„ ููŠ least common multiple ููŠู‡ู… ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:10,410 --> 00:03:15,710
131
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณูƒุจ ุงู„ู…ู„ุชู‚ุจ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ order ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:15,710 --> 00:03:24,090
135
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏูŠู‡ุด ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุจุทูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ Z ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:24,090 --> 00:03:34,830
139
+ external product ู…ุน Z ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ has no element of
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:34,830 --> 00:03:38,990
143
+ order ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ because
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:41,450 --> 00:03:54,550
147
+ The maximum order in Z4 is 4
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:57,180 --> 00:04:00,700
151
+ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ order ู„ู„ element ุจูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ order ู„ู„ group
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:04:00,700 --> 00:04:04,580
155
+ ุฅุฐุง z ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ elements ุงู„ order
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:04:04,580 --> 00:04:09,580
159
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ identity ูˆุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:04:09,580 --> 00:04:13,740
163
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุชู„ุงุชุฉ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:13,740 --> 00:04:19,380
167
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฃู‚ุตู‰ order ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ z ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูƒุณูŠุฑุฉ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:19,380 --> 00:04:23,760
171
+ ุถูŠู‚ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฒูŠ z ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:23,760 --> 00:04:29,010
175
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ู…ุง ู„ู‡ู… ุงุฑู†ุจisomorphic ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฒุงู… ููŠ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:29,010 --> 00:04:33,810
179
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ูŠุง ูˆุตู„ุช ู„ู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ุณุคุงู„
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:33,810 --> 00:04:42,490
183
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุชุงุด ุณุคุงู„ ุฃุฑุจุนุชุงุด ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠุงุชูŠ suppose ุงู„ G1
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:42,490 --> 00:04:53,490
187
+ isomorphic ุฅู„ู‰ G2 ูˆ group ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ H1 isomorphic ู„ู…ู†ุŸ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:53,490 --> 00:05:03,330
191
+ ู„H2ู‡ูˆ H1 ุงูŠุฒูˆ ู…ุงุฑููƒ ู„ู€ H2 prove that ุงุซุจุช ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:05:03,330 --> 00:05:10,530
195
+ G1 externodic product ู…ุน H1 ุงูŠุฒูˆ ู…ุงุฑููƒ ู„ู€ G2
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:05:10,530 --> 00:05:19,550
199
+ externodic product ู…ุน H2 ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:05:19,550 --> 00:05:26,330
203
+ ู†ุซุจุชู‡ุฅุฐุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูˆ ุฃุจุฏุง ุจู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุทูŠุงุช
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:26,330 --> 00:05:31,190
207
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุฅุซุจุงุช ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ two groups are
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:31,190 --> 00:05:35,790
211
+ isomorphic ู‡ุฏูˆู„ two groups are isomorphic ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:35,790 --> 00:05:38,830
215
+ external product ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ group ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูˆ ุงู„ group
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:38,830 --> 00:05:42,280
219
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉูˆุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุน
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:42,280 --> 00:05:46,480
223
+ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ external
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:46,480 --> 00:05:50,460
227
+ product ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงู„ู‡ isomorphic ู„ู„ external product
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:50,460 --> 00:05:55,480
231
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ solution
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:06:00,220 --> 00:06:09,660
235
+ ุฃูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Alpha ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ G1 ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ G2 ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Beta
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:06:09,660 --> 00:06:18,860
239
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ H1 ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ H2 ู‡ู… ุฅูŠุฒูˆ ู…ูˆุฑููŠุฒู…
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:06:20,010 --> 00:06:24,330
243
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุงูุชุฑุถ ุงู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูŠุฒูˆ ู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… ุงู„ุงู†
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:06:24,330 --> 00:06:29,750
247
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุดุงู† ุงุซุจุช ุงู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูŠุฒูˆ ู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… ุจุฏูŠ ุงุนุฑู
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:06:29,750 --> 00:06:33,530
251
+ function ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ุชุงู†ู‰ ูˆ ุงุซุจุช
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:33,530 --> 00:06:37,390
255
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง one to one and one to one ูˆุชุฎุฏู… ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงูŠุฒูˆ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:37,390 --> 00:06:40,710
259
+ ู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… ุงุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„ู‡ define
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:43,180 --> 00:06:52,220
263
+ A function ููŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ G1 ูˆH1 ูƒุฅูƒุณุชูŠุฑ ู†ุถุงูŠู‚ product
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:52,220 --> 00:06:55,760
267
+ ู…ู†
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:55,760 --> 00:07:05,860
271
+ ุงู„ู€ G1 ูˆH1 ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู€ G2 ูƒุฅูƒุณุชูŠุฑ ู†ุถุงูŠู‚ product ู…ุน H2
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:07:05,860 --> 00:07:16,200
275
+ ุจุงูŠ ููŠ ofุจุฏูŠ ุงุฎุฏ element ู…ู† G1 ูˆุงู„ูŠูƒู† G ูˆH ูุนู„ูŠ ู…ุง
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:07:16,200 --> 00:07:24,520
279
+ ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ G ูˆH ุจุฏูŠ ุงูˆุฏูŠู‡ุง ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ group G2 ูˆH2
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:07:24,520 --> 00:07:31,280
283
+ ุทูŠุจ G2 ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠ G2 ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุญุŸ ุงุฐุง ุงู„ element ุงู„ู„ูŠ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:07:31,280 --> 00:07:37,350
287
+ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู„ element ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงุงู„ูุงู†ูƒุดู† ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ู„ู‡ู†ุง
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:07:37,350 --> 00:07:44,510
291
+ ุดูˆ ุณู…ูŠุชู‡ุง Alpha ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง Alpha of G
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:07:44,510 --> 00:07:52,690
295
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู‚ูˆู„ Alpha of G ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† Alpha of GG
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:52,690 --> 00:07:59,210
299
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ G1 ูˆุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง G ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ G1 ูŠุจู‚ู‰
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:59,210 --> 00:08:04,350
303
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุง ููŠ G2 ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุง ููŠ G2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ Alpha of G
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:08:05,900 --> 00:08:12,960
307
+ ุจุชุฏุงุฌุฑ ู„ู„ H ุงู„ H ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ H1 ุชู…ุงู… ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:08:12,960 --> 00:08:18,140
311
+ Beta ู…ู† H1 ุงู„ู‰ H2 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ H ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ H1 ุซูˆุฑุฉ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:08:18,140 --> 00:08:25,520
315
+ ุชุจู‚ู‰ Beta of H ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง Beta of H ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:08:25,520 --> 00:08:32,520
319
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุงุนุฑูุช ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุชุนุฑูŠูุง ุณู„ูŠู…ุง ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:08:32,520 --> 00:08:37,400
323
+ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุจุฏู‰ ุงุญุงูˆู„ ุงุซุจุช ุงู†ู‡ุง one to one and unto
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:08:37,400 --> 00:08:42,120
327
+ ูˆุชุฎุฏู… ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ isomorphism ุงู† ุชู… ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:08:42,120 --> 00:08:45,660
331
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐูˆู„ are isomorphic ูˆุจูƒูˆู† ุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู† ู‡ุงู„ุดุบู„
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:08:45,660 --> 00:08:51,020
335
+ ู‡ุงุฏู‰ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏู‰ ุงุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ู‰ ุจุฏู‰ ุงุซุจุชู„ู‡ ุงู† ูุงูŠ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:08:51,020 --> 00:08:58,240
339
+ is one to oneู…ุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎุฏ ุตูˆุฑุชูŠู† ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุชูŠู†
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:08:58,240 --> 00:09:08,360
343
+ Assume Phi of G ูˆH ุจุฏูŠ ุณุงูˆูŠ Phi of X ูˆY ู…ุซู„ุง ุฅุฐุง
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:09:08,360 --> 00:09:14,420
347
+ ู‚ุฏุฑุช ุฃุซุจุช ุฅู† ุงู„ order pair G ูˆH ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ order pair X
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:09:14,420 --> 00:09:16,540
351
+ ูˆY ุจูƒูˆู† ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:09:19,880 --> 00:09:25,740
355
+ ุจุชุฏุงุฌูŠ ู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ element ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ูŠุจู‚ู‰
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:09:25,740 --> 00:09:35,420
359
+ Alpha of G ูˆ Beta of H ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุจู‚ู‰ Alpha of G ูˆ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:09:35,420 --> 00:09:41,760
363
+ Beta of H ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุงุงู„ู€ Phi of X ุจู†ูุณ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:09:41,760 --> 00:09:51,500
367
+ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ Alpha of X ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ Beta
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:09:51,500 --> 00:09:53,920
371
+ of Y ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:09:57,060 --> 00:10:01,740
375
+ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰ two ordered pair are
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:10:01,740 --> 00:10:05,240
379
+ equal ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:10:05,240 --> 00:10:10,020
383
+ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:10:10,020 --> 00:10:17,900
387
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ Alpha of G ุจุฏูŠู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Alpha of X and Beta of
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:10:17,900 --> 00:10:24,180
391
+ H ุจุฏูŠู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Beta of Y ุดูˆู ู‡ุฐุง ุดูˆ ุจุฏูŠู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุงุงู„ุขู†
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:10:24,180 --> 00:10:29,940
395
+ ุงู„ู€ Alpha ู‡ุฐูŠ isomorphism ูŠุจู‚ู‰ one to one and unto
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:10:29,940 --> 00:10:34,960
399
+ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุฏุงู… one to one ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ G ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:10:34,960 --> 00:10:42,960
403
+ main ุงู„ X ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ G ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ X and ุงู„ H
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:10:42,960 --> 00:10:51,920
407
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ Y ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุจุณุจุจ ุฃู† Alpha ูˆ Beta ู‡ู… one
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:10:51,920 --> 00:10:57,500
411
+ to oneู…ุง ุฏุงู… ุตูˆุฑุชูŠู† ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู„ุฅู†
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:10:57,500 --> 00:11:02,000
415
+ ุงู„ alpha one to one ูˆ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ beta is one to one
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:11:02,000 --> 00:11:08,360
419
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ G ูˆ ุงู„ H
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:11:08,360 --> 00:11:15,900
423
+ as an ordered ุงู„ G ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ X ูˆ ุงู„ H ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:11:15,900 --> 00:11:20,420
427
+ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ Y ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Y ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุฎุฏ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:11:20,420 --> 00:11:26,890
431
+ ุตูˆุฑุชูŠู† ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุชูŠู†ูˆ ุงุซุจุช ุงู† ุงุตู„ ู‡ู…ุงู„ู‡ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:11:26,890 --> 00:11:28,630
435
+ ูุงูŠ is one to one
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:11:34,980 --> 00:11:43,220
439
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุง ุจุฃุฎุฏ element ููŠ ุงู„ู€ G2 ูˆ X2 ูˆ H2 ูŠุจู‚ู‰
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:11:43,220 --> 00:11:50,340
443
+ ุจุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ู€ X ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ G2
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:11:50,340 --> 00:12:00,280
447
+ external product ู…ุน H2 ุจุดูƒู„ ู„ุนูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ then ุจุฏูŠ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:12:00,280 --> 00:12:06,570
451
+ ุฃุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ elementูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ element x
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:12:06,570 --> 00:12:12,370
455
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณูˆูŠ element ู…ู† g2 ูˆ element ู…ู† one ู…ู† h2
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:12:12,370 --> 00:12:20,370
459
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณูˆูŠ element ูˆู„ูŠูƒู† g2 ูˆh2 ู…ู†
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:12:20,370 --> 00:12:30,200
463
+ h2ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ G2 ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ G2 ุชู…ุงู… ูˆ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:12:30,200 --> 00:12:38,180
467
+ Alpha is on 2 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ element ู„ู‡ ุฃุตู„ ููŠ G1
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:12:38,180 --> 00:12:43,260
471
+ ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุดูŠู„ ุงู„ G2 ูˆ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:12:43,260 --> 00:12:51,940
475
+ ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ุง Alpha of G1 ู…ุซู„ุงูˆ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงูƒุชุจ ู‡ุฐุง beta of
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:12:51,940 --> 00:12:57,180
479
+ each one ุดูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุฃู† alpha and beta are
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:12:57,180 --> 00:13:10,440
483
+ onto ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง since ุงู„ alpha and beta are ontoู‡ุฐุง
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:13:10,440 --> 00:13:15,400
487
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู„ูˆ ุฑุฌุนุชู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุตู„ู‡ ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:13:15,400 --> 00:13:21,100
491
+ ู‚ุงูŠู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุงุจุนู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Phi
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:13:21,100 --> 00:13:28,960
495
+ of G1 ูˆH1ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ element ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ ููŠ G2 ูˆH2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:13:28,960 --> 00:13:36,600
499
+ ุฌุงุชู„ู‡ ุฃุตู„ ููŠ G1 ูˆH1 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ G1 ูˆH1 ุตุบูŠุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ Phi
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:13:36,600 --> 00:13:41,600
503
+ is in two ุถุงูŠู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู†ุซุจุช ุฃู† Phi is an isomorphism
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:13:41,600 --> 00:13:50,020
507
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ Phi is an isomorphismูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู†ุง
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:13:50,020 --> 00:13:55,920
511
+ ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€Phi of ุญุตู„ ุถุฑุจ two elements ุงู„
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:13:55,920 --> 00:14:01,100
515
+ element ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุงุฎุฏู‡ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู†
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:14:01,100 --> 00:14:08,120
519
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ู„ุช G ูˆH ู…ุถุฑุจ ููŠ element ุชุงู†ูŠ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:14:08,120 --> 00:14:14,720
523
+ ูˆู„ูŠูƒู† ู…ุซู„ุง G prime ูˆH prime ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:14:15,810 --> 00:14:21,390
527
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠ of ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:14:21,390 --> 00:14:25,770
531
+ ุจู†ุถุฑุจ component wise ุญุณุจ ู…ุง ุฃุนุฑูู†ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ุนู„ู‰
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:14:25,770 --> 00:14:32,350
535
+ ุงู„ external product ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฌ ุฌ prime ูˆ H H prime
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:14:32,350 --> 00:14:39,440
539
+ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠูุงูŠ ู„ู…ุง
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:14:39,440 --> 00:14:43,900
543
+ ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ element ูŠุจู‚ู‰ Alpha ู„ู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆ Beta
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:14:43,900 --> 00:14:52,700
547
+ ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง Alpha of G G prime ูˆ Beta of H H
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:14:52,700 --> 00:14:58,950
551
+ primeุงู„ุฃู„ู ูˆุงู„ุจูŠุชุง ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ู… isomorphism ู…ุฏุงู…
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:14:58,950 --> 00:15:04,790
555
+ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ู… isomorphism ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ Alpha of G ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:15:04,790 --> 00:15:14,430
559
+ Alpha of G' ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ Beta of H ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ Beta of H' ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:15:14,430 --> 00:15:19,000
563
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุงูŠ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู‚ู‰ ุฃุซุงุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ order pair ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:15:19,000 --> 00:15:25,600
567
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ order pair ู‡ุฐุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุญุงุตู„
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:15:25,600 --> 00:15:31,240
571
+ ุถุฑุจ two ordered pairsุŸ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ูƒูŠูุŸ ูƒุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŒ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:15:31,240 --> 00:15:36,140
575
+ ุดูˆููˆุง ูŠุง ุณูŠุฏุชูŠุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง Alpha of G ุจุฏูŠ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:15:36,140 --> 00:15:43,870
579
+ ุฃุฎุฏู‡ุง ู…ุน Beta of H ุนุณุจ ุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจูˆู‡ู†ุง Alpha of G
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:15:43,870 --> 00:15:50,450
583
+ prime ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ู…ุน Beta of H prime ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุงูŠ ูƒุชุจุชู‡ู…
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:15:50,450 --> 00:15:55,830
587
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ู‚ูˆุณูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:15:55,830 --> 00:16:04,650
591
+ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู„ู„ู‚ูˆุณ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง Phi of GH ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:16:04,650 --> 00:16:16,880
595
+ Phi of GH ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Phi of G' ูˆH'ุฃุทู„ุน ุจุฏุฃุช
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:16:16,880 --> 00:16:22,020
599
+ ุจุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุณูŠู† ูˆุตู„ุช ู„ูุงูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ู…ูŠู†
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:16:22,020 --> 00:16:26,700
603
+ ููŠ ูุงูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูุงูŠ is an
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:16:26,700 --> 00:16:29,640
607
+ isomorphism ูŠุจู‚ู‰
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:16:34,510 --> 00:16:42,450
611
+ Isomorphism that is ุฃูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ G1 external product
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:16:42,450 --> 00:16:51,850
615
+ ู…ุน H1 isomorphic ู„ G2 external product ู…ุน G2 ูˆู‡ูˆ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:16:51,850 --> 00:16:57,590
619
+ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ู…ุด ุตุนุจ ุณู‡ู„ ุจุณ ุทูˆูŠู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู‡
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:16:57,590 --> 00:17:07,460
623
+ ุชู…ุดูŠ ุจุฏู‚ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุทูŠุจ ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุฑู‚ู… 14 ุฎุฏู„ูŠ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:17:07,460 --> 00:17:15,260
627
+ 16 ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ group Z 40 Z 30 ู‡ุงุชู„ูŠ two subgroups
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:17:15,260 --> 00:17:20,980
631
+ of order 12 and
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:17:20,980 --> 00:17:24,360
635
+ ู‡ุฐุง
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:17:24,360 --> 00:17:33,400
639
+ ุณุคุงู„ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ุŸ16 16 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ in z 40 external
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:17:33,400 --> 00:17:42,880
643
+ product ู…ุน z 30 find two subgroups
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:17:42,880 --> 00:17:47,780
647
+ of order 12
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:17:57,100 --> 00:18:02,960
651
+ ุทูŠุจ ุฌุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ group ู‡ุฐูŠ Z 30 Z 40 Extended like a
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:18:02,960 --> 00:18:07,480
655
+ project ู…ุน Z 30 ู‡ุงุชู„ูŠ two sub groups of order 12
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:18:07,480 --> 00:18:11,720
659
+ ู„ุง ุฌุงู„ูŠ Cyclic ูˆู„ุง ุบูŠุฑ Cyclic ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ู„ูŠู‡ ุฃู†
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:18:11,720 --> 00:18:17,660
663
+ ุฃุฌูŠุจ Cyclic ุฅู† ุฌุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ุทุจ ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูŠ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:18:17,660 --> 00:18:21,440
667
+ ุฃุฌูŠุจ Cyclic ุงู„ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุณูˆูŠุฉ 12 ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:18:21,440 --> 00:18:27,530
671
+ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ุงุฌุฑุจ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ element ููŠู‡ุง
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:18:27,530 --> 00:18:30,910
675
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ least common
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:18:30,910 --> 00:18:35,270
679
+ multiple ุงู„ู…ุฌุฏุงุด ุงุชู†ุงุด ูˆูƒูู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ู‚ุชู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:18:35,270 --> 00:18:40,390
683
+ element ูˆูˆู„ุฏ ุงู„ subgroup ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุง ุจุฏู‰
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:18:40,390 --> 00:18:46,710
687
+ ุงุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู…ู† ุฒุฏ ุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู†
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:18:46,710 --> 00:18:53,750
691
+ ุฌุฏุงุด ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุตุญุŸุทูŠุจ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ Z ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู†
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:18:53,750 --> 00:18:59,530
695
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุญุฏ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุฌูŠุจู„ูŠ ูˆ ู„ูˆ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:18:59,530 --> 00:19:07,200
699
+ ุนู†ุตุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ุฌุฏุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุงุดุฑุฉู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ Z
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:19:07,200 --> 00:19:14,560
703
+ ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ order ู„ู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ุฌุฏุง
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:19:14,560 --> 00:19:21,220
707
+ ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุง ุจุฏู‡ ุงุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ Z ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุทูŠุจ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:19:21,220 --> 00:19:27,980
711
+ ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ Z ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† and ุงู„ order ู„ู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ุจุฏู‡
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:19:27,980 --> 00:19:34,370
715
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ุด ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฐุงุงู„ู€ Element ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:19:34,370 --> 00:19:40,370
719
+ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ Z ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† External Direct
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:19:40,370 --> 00:19:50,070
723
+ Product ู…ุน Z ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:19:50,070 --> 00:19:55,130
727
+ ุนู† ุงู„ least common multiple ู„ู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:19:55,130 --> 00:20:00,470
731
+ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงุชู†ุงุด ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ element ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:20:00,470 --> 00:20:02,910
735
+ cyclic subgroup of order ุงุชู†ุงุด
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:20:05,800 --> 00:20:14,800
739
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุดุฑุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:20:14,800 --> 00:20:26,480
743
+ Cyclic Subgroup Cyclic Subgroup of order ุฃุชู†ุงุดุฑ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:20:26,480 --> 00:20:34,000
747
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุบูŠุฑู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฏูˆุฑ ูƒู…ุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุนู†ุตุฑ ุชุงู†ูŠ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:20:38,630 --> 00:20:47,730
751
+ ูƒูŠูุŸ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุณุชุฉ .. ู„ุง ุจุฏูƒ .. ุณุชุฉ ูˆุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠ ..
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:20:47,730 --> 00:20:51,470
755
+ ุณุชุฉ ูˆุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠ .. ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุทู†ุงุด ู…ุงุดูŠ .. ุจุณ ูŠู„ุง
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:20:51,470 --> 00:20:55,250
759
+ ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ .. ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุฃุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:20:55,250 --> 00:21:04,750
763
+ orders ุฃุฎุฑุทูŠุจ ุงู„ order ุชุจุน ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:21:04,750 --> 00:21:10,550
767
+ ู†ุฌูŠุจ ู…ู† z ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ order ุฅู„ู‡ ุณุชุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุณุชุฉ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:21:10,550 --> 00:21:13,250
771
+ ุงู„ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุตูŠุฑ ุงุชู†ุงุด least common multiple
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:21:13,250 --> 00:21:21,010
775
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ also ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:21:21,010 --> 00:21:28,440
779
+ order ู„ู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ z ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู†ุงู„ุขู†
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:21:28,440 --> 00:21:37,500
783
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ order ุฅูŠู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุดุŸ ุณุชุฉ ู…ุธุจูˆุท
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:21:37,670 --> 00:21:45,150
787
+ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุชุฉ N ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุฐุง ุงู„
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:21:45,150 --> 00:21:51,910
791
+ order ู„ู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ least common
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:21:51,910 --> 00:21:58,630
795
+ multiple ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุฏู‡
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:21:58,630 --> 00:22:04,970
799
+ ุงุชู†ุงุด ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุฐุง ุงู„ sub group generated by ุนุดุฑุฉ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:22:04,970 --> 00:22:19,620
803
+ ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉis a cyclic group of order ุฃุชู…ุงุดูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:22:19,620 --> 00:22:24,000
807
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ ุทู„ุนู†ุง ู„ู‡ ุชู†ุชูŠู† subgroups ูˆุฑุบู… ุงู†ู‡
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:22:24,000 --> 00:22:28,120
811
+ ู…ุงุงุดุชุฑุทุด ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู‡ุงุชู„ูŠ subgroups ูˆุฎู„ุตู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุง
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:22:28,120 --> 00:22:33,620
815
+ ุฌุจุชู„ู‡ subgroups ูˆุฌุจุชู‡ู…ู„ู‡ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู‚ุงู„ ุงู†ู‡
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:22:33,620 --> 00:22:39,160
819
+ ุชู†ุชูŠู† cyclic subgroups ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 12
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:22:39,160 --> 00:22:45,120
823
+ ุงุนุชู…ุฏุช ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ order ู„ู„ elements ูˆ ู‡ู…
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:22:45,120 --> 00:22:48,540
827
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฑูŠุญูˆู† ููŠ ู…ู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญู„
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:22:51,060 --> 00:23:04,520
831
+ ุทูŠุจ ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุณุคุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุฎุฏู„ูŠ ุณุคุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณุคุงู„
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:23:04,520 --> 00:23:12,180
835
+ ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ู‡ุชู„ูŠ ุงู„ subgroup ู…ู† z
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:23:12,180 --> 00:23:16,400
839
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง subgroup
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:23:18,720 --> 00:23:28,460
843
+ of subgroup ู…ู† ู…ูŠู† ู…ู† z4 external direct product
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:23:28,460 --> 00:23:35,640
847
+ z4 external direct product ู…ุน z ุฏูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† that is
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:23:35,640 --> 00:23:46,880
851
+ not of the form not in the formุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ H external
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:23:46,880 --> 00:23:59,480
855
+ product ู„ K where ุญูŠุงุชู‡ where ุงู„ H subgroup ู…ู†
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:23:59,480 --> 00:24:10,530
859
+ Z4 and ุงู„ K subgroup ู…ู† main subgroupู…ู† z2 ูˆ ุงู„ k
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:24:10,530 --> 00:24:17,230
863
+ sub group ู…ู† ู…ู† z2
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:24:17,230 --> 00:24:27,190
867
+ ุดูˆููˆุง ูŠุง ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู†ุฑุฌุน ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ z4
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:24:27,190 --> 00:24:33,250
871
+ external direct product ู…ุน z2 ู‡ุฏู‰ groupุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏูŠ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:24:33,250 --> 00:24:39,410
875
+ subgroup ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ group ุจุญูŠุซ ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ H
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:24:39,410 --> 00:24:45,890
879
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ external product ู…ุน K ุญูŠุซ H subgroup ู…ู† Z
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:24:45,890 --> 00:24:51,590
883
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ K subgroup ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† Z ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฌูŠุจู„ูŠ ุงู„
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:24:51,590 --> 00:24:56,910
887
+ subgroup ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ external product ุชุจุน ู‡ุฏูˆู„
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:24:58,090 --> 00:25:03,850
891
+ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ู†ุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญู„ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู‰
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:25:03,850 --> 00:25:09,720
895
+ ุชููƒูŠุฑ ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ูˆุตู„ ู„ู„ู…ุทู„ุจุฒุฏ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:25:09,720 --> 00:25:14,100
899
+ external product ู„ุฒุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† not in the form ู„ูŠุณุช ููŠ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:25:14,100 --> 00:25:17,840
903
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงุญู†ุง ุฏู‡ ุฌูŠุจู†ุง ุงู„ subgroup ูˆ ุฌูŠุจู†ุง ุงู„
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:25:17,840 --> 00:25:20,820
907
+ subgroup ุจู†ุฌูŠุจู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ external product ู…ู†ุทู„ุน
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:25:20,820 --> 00:25:25,200
911
+ subgroup ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ subgroup ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุจุฏูŠุด ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:25:25,200 --> 00:25:28,830
915
+ ูˆู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุช ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…ู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:25:28,830 --> 00:25:32,410
919
+ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ู†ุดูˆู ู…ูŠู† ู‡ู… ุงู„ subgroups ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุตูŠุฑ ุฎูŠุฑ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:25:32,410 --> 00:25:38,710
923
+ ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุนู„ู‰ z4 ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฏูˆุฑ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ู… ุงู„
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:25:38,710 --> 00:25:44,990
927
+ subgroups ุชุจุนุงุช z4 ูุจู‚ู‰ ุงุฌูŠุจ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู‡ the only
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:25:44,990 --> 00:25:56,370
931
+ subgroups of z4 areุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ order ุฅู„ู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:25:56,370 --> 00:25:59,590
935
+ ุงู„ order ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ order ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:25:59,590 --> 00:26:06,190
939
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ order ุฅู„ู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ identity
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:26:06,190 --> 00:26:12,170
943
+ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ order ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ sub group
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:26:12,170 --> 00:26:18,630
947
+ generated by ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุฃูŠุด ุถุงู„ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:26:18,630 --> 00:26:23,230
951
+ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจูˆุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ subgroup z ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆู„
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:26:23,230 --> 00:26:28,650
955
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุณ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:26:28,650 --> 00:26:37,930
959
+ ู‡ูŠ main z ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ itself ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† also the
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:26:37,930 --> 00:26:51,930
963
+ only subgroupsonly subgroups of z2 are ุทุจุนุง ุงู„
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:26:51,930 --> 00:26:56,950
967
+ identity ูˆู…ูŠู† ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆุงู„ุฅุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ subgroup
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:26:56,950 --> 00:27:04,350
971
+ generated by one ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ z2 itself z2 itself ุทูŠุจ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:27:04,350 --> 00:27:09,850
975
+ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู‰ ุฃูƒูˆู‘ู†ู‡ ุงู„ external product ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏู‰
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:27:09,850 --> 00:27:18,330
979
+ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ zero ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ูู‰ุด
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:27:18,330 --> 00:27:23,570
983
+ ูู‰ู‡ุง ุฅู„ุง ู…ูŠู† ุนู†ุตุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ุงู„ cyclic ูˆูู‰ุด ูู‰ู‡ุง
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:27:23,570 --> 00:27:28,730
987
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ุนู†ุตุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:27:28,730 --> 00:27:35,230
991
+ zero ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ subject ุงู„ zero ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู…ุน z2
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:27:35,230 --> 00:27:41,450
995
+ standardized product ู…ุน z2ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:27:41,450 --> 00:27:46,710
999
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ subgroup generated by ุงุชู†ูŠู† external like
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:27:46,710 --> 00:27:55,350
1003
+ product ู…ุน ู…ู†ุŸ ู…ุน ุงู„ zero ุงู„ subgroup generated by
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:27:55,350 --> 00:28:01,390
1007
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† external like product ู…ุน ู…ู†ุŸ ู…ุน ุฒุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุงู„ุงู†
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:28:01,390 --> 00:28:07,950
1011
+ ุงู„ู€ z4 external product ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ zero ุฃุฎุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:28:07,950 --> 00:28:16,830
1015
+ z4 external product ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ z2 ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:28:16,830 --> 00:28:20,990
1019
+ subgroups ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุฌุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:28:20,990 --> 00:28:25,480
1023
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠุด ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูˆู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉูˆู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:28:25,480 --> 00:28:29,080
1027
+ ุจูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ subgroup ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงู‡ูŠุงุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:28:29,080 --> 00:28:34,180
1031
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ูŠ ู†ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฌุงู„ุณู„ู‡ ู‚ูˆู„ู‡
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:28:34,180 --> 00:28:39,780
1035
+ consider ุฎุฏู„ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ุงู„ subgroup ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:28:39,780 --> 00:28:46,750
1039
+ ุงู„ identity elementidentity element ุชู…ุงู… ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:28:46,750 --> 00:28:58,130
1043
+ ุฌูŠุช ุฃุฎุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ zero ูˆ ุงู„ one ุงู„ zero
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:28:58,130 --> 00:29:04,650
1047
+ ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ ู…ู† z ูˆ ู„ุง ุฃุฎุฏุช ุฎู„ูŠูƒ ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎุฏูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:29:04,650 --> 00:29:11,500
1051
+ ุงู„ zeroุฃุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุฒูŠุฑูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุฒุฏ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ external
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:29:11,500 --> 00:29:16,300
1055
+ product ู„ุฒูŠุฏ ุฏูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุฒูŠุฏ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู„ุฒูŠุฏ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:29:16,300 --> 00:29:25,590
1059
+ ุงุชุงูƒุฏู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุคุงู„ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุดูˆ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุณุชุฉ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:29:25,590 --> 00:29:32,910
1063
+ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:29:32,910 --> 00:29:40,130
1067
+ ..ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุณุชุฉ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:29:40,130 --> 00:29:40,870
1071
+ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:29:40,870 --> 00:29:40,870
1075
+ ..ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุณุชุฉ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:29:40,870 --> 00:29:40,870
1079
+ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:29:40,870 --> 00:29:40,870
1083
+ ..ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุณุชุฉ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:29:40,870 --> 00:29:41,150
1087
+ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:29:41,150 --> 00:29:42,010
1091
+ ..ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุณุชุฉ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:29:42,010 --> 00:29:47,740
1095
+ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ..ุทูŠุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู†
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:29:47,740 --> 00:29:54,880
1099
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎุฏ ุงู„ element zero ูˆ zero ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎุฏ element
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:29:54,880 --> 00:30:01,140
1103
+ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ zero ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:30:01,140 --> 00:30:05,380
1107
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ุงุณุชู†ู‰ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:30:05,380 --> 00:30:08,840
1111
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุท ู…ุงู‡ูŠุงุด ููŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู„ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุงู„
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:30:08,840 --> 00:30:13,480
1115
+ subgroup ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ subgroup ุตุญูŠุญ ุจุณ ุงุณุชู†ู‰ ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ู‡ู‰
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:30:13,480 --> 00:30:14,440
1119
+ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:30:17,170 --> 00:30:23,010
1123
+ ู„๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ุงุณุชู†ู‰ ุดูˆู ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:30:23,010 --> 00:30:30,790
1127
+ ูˆุฒูŠุฑูˆ ูˆุฒูŠุฑูˆ ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:30:30,790 --> 00:30:38,370
1131
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุดูˆู ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุณูˆูŠ ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:30:38,370 --> 00:30:42,970
1135
+ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง Zero ูˆุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ Zero Zero
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:30:42,970 --> 00:30:49,360
1139
+ Zero ูˆุงุญุฏู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด ุฅู„ุง ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:30:49,360 --> 00:30:57,140
1143
+ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ุฅู„ุง ุฒุช ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู† ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐู‡
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:30:57,140 --> 00:31:02,130
1147
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฒุช ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุฒุช ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุงู„ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒุจุฑู‡ ููŠ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:31:02,130 --> 00:31:07,050
1151
+ ุงู„ Z ุฃุฑุจุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุงู„ identity Zero ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:31:07,050 --> 00:31:12,130
1155
+ ุจุณ ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู† ู…ุน ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู† ุฃุฑุจุน ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:31:12,130 --> 00:31:21,090
1159
+ Zero ูˆ Zero Zero ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจูŠุฌูŠู†ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:31:21,090 --> 00:31:27,180
1163
+ ู…ุด ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูŠุณุช ู‡ุฐู‡ูˆุงู„ู€ Z ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:31:27,180 --> 00:31:31,720
1167
+ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุด ู‡ุงุฏู‰ ูˆุงู„ู€ Z ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุน Z two ุทุจุนุง
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:31:31,720 --> 00:31:36,140
1171
+ ู…ุงู‡ูŠุงุด ู‡ุงุฏู‰ ูŠุจุฌู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูŠุณุช ูˆู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:31:36,140 --> 00:31:41,120
1175
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠุจุฌู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ sub group ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู„ูŠุณุช
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:31:41,120 --> 00:31:43,660
1179
+ ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุช ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠู† ุงูŠูˆุฉ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:31:49,130 --> 00:31:54,590
1183
+ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูƒ subgroup ู…ู† ู‡ุฏููƒ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจู‚ุตุฉ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:31:54,590 --> 00:31:59,850
1187
+ ุจุชุทูˆู„ุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุงู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ููŠ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†ุŒ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:31:59,850 --> 00:32:04,850
1191
+ ุฃู„ู ูˆ ู…ุชูŠู† ุนู†ุตุฑุŒ ู…ุด ุณู‡ู„ุฉุŒ ุจุณ ุฏูˆู„ ุชู…ุงู† ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู…ุด
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:32:04,850 --> 00:32:08,890
1195
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ุฃู„ู ูˆ ู…ุชูŠู†ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุญู„
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:32:08,890 --> 00:32:12,690
1199
+ ู„ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุนุฑุงุจุŒ ุงูŠู‡ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฒู‡ุฌุŒ ุจุตุฏู‚
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:32:17,470 --> 00:32:27,870
1203
+ ุฃู†ุง ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ุทุจ ุดูˆู ุงู„ู‡ุฏู
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:32:27,870 --> 00:32:32,630
1207
+ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู† ุงู†ุช ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†ุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:32:32,630 --> 00:32:37,490
1211
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ูƒุชุจู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฌูŠุจ ุฃูŠ subgroup ุชูƒูˆู†
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:32:37,490 --> 00:32:42,490
1215
+ ุชุณุชุจุนุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ subgroup ูŠุงู„ order
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:32:42,490 --> 00:32:47,530
1219
+ ุฅู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏูŠุง ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุง ุงุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ูŠุง ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฒุฏ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:32:47,530 --> 00:32:51,950
1223
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูƒุณู†ูˆุงุช ุจุชู…ุงู† ุนู†ุงุตุฑุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฌูŠุจู„ูƒ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:32:51,950 --> 00:32:57,210
1227
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุŒ ุงูŠ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุณุงู…ุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:32:57,210 --> 00:33:02,370
1231
+ ุงู„ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠูˆ ุณูˆู‰ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠู‡ุŒ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:33:02,370 --> 00:33:06,630
1235
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตู ุนู„ู‰ ุดุฌุฑุฉุŒ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฌูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุŒ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:33:06,630 --> 00:33:11,430
1239
+ ุงู„ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูŠู‡ุงูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตู ุนู„ู‰ ุดุฌุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุถู„
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:33:11,430 --> 00:33:14,710
1243
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุงูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุถู„ุด ุงู„ุง ุงู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:33:14,710 --> 00:33:20,150
1247
+ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฅุฌุจุงุฑูŠ ุงูŠู†ุง ุงูŠูˆุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด ู…ุบู†ู‚ุฉ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:33:23,720 --> 00:33:27,000
1251
+ ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ูุชุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูƒ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:33:27,000 --> 00:33:34,560
1255
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:33:34,560 --> 00:33:39,960
1259
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ู„ุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชุฌู…ุน ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุณุชู†ู‰
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:33:39,960 --> 00:33:45,400
1263
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† .. ู„ุฃ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ู‡ุฐู‡
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:33:45,400 --> 00:33:51,400
1267
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุทุจ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:33:51,400 --> 00:33:58,760
1271
+ ุงุณุชู†ู‰ ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:33:58,760 --> 00:34:04,200
1275
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู†ูŠุง
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:34:04,200 --> 00:34:13,600
1279
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู‡ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸุฃุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุตูุฑ ูุนู„ุง ุดูˆู ุทุจ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:34:13,600 --> 00:34:19,180
1283
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุฒูŠุฑูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:34:19,180 --> 00:34:25,340
1287
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุฒูŠุฑูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒูŠุฑูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆู‡ุฐุง
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:34:25,340 --> 00:34:29,260
1291
+ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑุจุนู‡ุง ุจุตูŠุฑ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฒูŠุฑูˆ ุฒูŠุฑูˆ ู…ุธุจูˆุท
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:34:29,260 --> 00:34:36,500
1295
+ ุตุญูŠุญ ุงูŠุด ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ู‚ุจูˆู„
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:34:36,500 --> 00:34:41,880
1299
+ ูุตุญูŠุญ ูˆูŠู†
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:34:41,880 --> 00:34:47,260
1303
+ ุตูุฑ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏุŸ ุถุฑุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ู…ุด
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:34:47,260 --> 00:34:51,380
1307
+ ุถุงุฑุจุฉ ุงู‡ ุงู‡ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู‡ ุงู„ operation ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:34:51,380 --> 00:34:59,970
1311
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุณุคุงู„ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู†ุฎุฏูŠ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:34:59,970 --> 00:35:05,470
1315
+ ุณุคุงู„ 28 ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุชู„ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ subgroups ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ order
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:35:05,470 --> 00:35:12,450
1319
+ ุฅู„ู‡ุง 4 ููŠ z 4 external direct product ู…ุน z 4 ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:35:12,450 --> 00:35:23,690
1323
+ ุณุคุงู„ 28 28 ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ find all subgroups ุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„ all
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:35:23,690 --> 00:35:25,970
1327
+ subgroups
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:35:28,190 --> 00:35:38,450
1331
+ of order ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ in z ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ external product ู…ุน z
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:35:38,450 --> 00:35:39,030
1335
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:35:41,620 --> 00:35:45,240
1339
+ ุณุคุงู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฒุฏ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู†ุถุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ product ู…ุน
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:35:45,240 --> 00:35:50,940
1343
+ ุฒุฏ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุณุช ุนุดุฑ ุนู†ุตุฑุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:35:50,940 --> 00:35:54,520
1347
+ sub groups ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:35:54,520 --> 00:36:01,040
1351
+ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ู†ููƒุฑ ุงุญู†ุง ูˆ ุงูŠุงูƒู… ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:36:01,040 --> 00:36:08,500
1355
+ ุฌูŠุช ู„ู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ zero ูƒุฏุงุด ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ุŸ
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:36:12,150 --> 00:36:17,190
1359
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูˆู„ุฏู„ูŠ ุงู„ sub group ุงู„ order ุฅู„ู‡ุง
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:36:17,190 --> 00:36:24,710
1363
+ ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู„ zero ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:36:24,710 --> 00:36:32,030
1367
+ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ ุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:36:32,030 --> 00:36:39,710
1371
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฃุฑุจุนุฉ subgroup generated by ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:36:39,710 --> 00:36:44,290
1375
+ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒ subgroup generated by ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุชู†ูŠู†
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:36:44,290 --> 00:36:47,950
1379
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:36:47,950 --> 00:36:54,390
1383
+ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒ subgroup generated by ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:36:54,390 --> 00:36:55,370
1387
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:36:58,860 --> 00:37:06,840
1391
+ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒ subgroup generated by ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:37:06,840 --> 00:37:15,150
1395
+ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒ subgroup generated by ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏูˆ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:37:15,150 --> 00:37:18,010
1399
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ group ุฒุฏ ุงุฑุจุน ุฒุฏ ุงุฑุจุน ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณู‡ู„
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:37:18,010 --> 00:37:23,530
1403
+ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงูŠ ู†ุนู… ุฌุฏุงุด ุตุงุฑูˆุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุฑุจุน ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:37:23,530 --> 00:37:28,910
1407
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุจุนุฉ ุทูŠุจ ุฎุฏู„ูƒ ู‡ุงู„ group ู‡ุฐูŠ ู…ุด ุฒูŠู‡ู… cyclic
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:37:28,910 --> 00:37:35,170
1411
+ ุนุงุฏูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฌูŠุจู†ุง ู‡ุฐูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ูˆู„ุชู„ูƒ zero ูˆ zero ูˆ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:37:35,170 --> 00:37:41,510
1415
+ zero ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ zero ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุชุนุงู„ู‰
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:37:41,510 --> 00:37:45,370
1419
+ ูู‰ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง subgroup ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุทุจุน ุงู„ order ุงู„ู„ู‰
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:37:45,370 --> 00:37:51,150
1423
+ ู‡ูŠู‡ ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ู„ูˆ ุฌุงุชู‰ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:37:51,150 --> 00:37:58,190
1427
+ ุฌู…ุนู†ุง ุจุตูŠุฑ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู†ุฑุจุนู‡ุงูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุจุชุถุฑุจ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:37:58,190 --> 00:38:04,450
1431
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ููŠ ู†ูุณู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุทู„ุน 00 ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุทุจุนุง ุทุจ ู„ูˆ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:38:04,450 --> 00:38:10,590
1435
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ zero ูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ zero
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:38:10,590 --> 00:38:17,320
1439
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ zero ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ูˆู„ุชู„ูŠ zero ูˆ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:38:17,320 --> 00:38:21,400
1443
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูˆ ุฒูŠุฑูˆ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:38:21,400 --> 00:38:24,640
1447
+ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฏู‡ ุถุฑุจุช ุจู†ูุณู‡ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ูŠ zero ูˆ zero
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:38:24,640 --> 00:38:29,360
1451
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ sub group ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุฎุท ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฏู‰ ู…ุด ุฒูŠู‡ู…
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:38:29,360 --> 00:38:34,860
1455
+ ู…ุงู‡ูŠุงุด cyclic ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุงู…ุณูƒ ุงูŠ element ุงุฎุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูŠู…ูƒู†
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:38:34,860 --> 00:38:39,370
1459
+ ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูŠุฌูŠุจูƒ ุงูŠู‡ ุงุด ุงุฑุจุน ุนู†ุงุธุฑ ูู…ุซู„ุงู‡ุงุชู„ูŠ ุงูŠ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:38:39,370 --> 00:38:43,330
1463
+ element ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ group ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ุดูˆู ูˆ ูƒู…
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:38:43,330 --> 00:38:50,030
1467
+ ุนู†ุตุฑ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฌูŠุจ ูŠู„ุง ุงุฎุชุงุฑูˆุง ุงูŠ ุฑู‚ู… ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุงุฑู‚ุงู… ุงูŠ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:38:50,030 --> 00:38:56,070
1471
+ ุนู†ุตุฑ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:38:56,070 --> 00:39:03,230
1475
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชุฑุจูŠุนูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุณุชุฉ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุณุชุฉ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:39:03,230 --> 00:39:09,010
1479
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูƒุนูŠุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุณุนุฉ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:39:10,910 --> 00:39:17,470
1483
+ ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆ ุชุณุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทูŠุจ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:39:17,470 --> 00:39:25,890
1487
+ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ูˆู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:39:25,890 --> 00:39:28,310
1491
+ ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:39:28,310 --> 00:39:33,010
1495
+ identity ูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง ุงู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทู„ุนุช ูƒู…ุงู†
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:39:33,010 --> 00:39:39,700
1499
+ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ sub group ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ order ุฅู„ู‡ุงุทุจ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:39:39,700 --> 00:39:46,380
1503
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:39:46,380 --> 00:39:49,860
1507
+ ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ ุงู†ูƒ ุชุญุท ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ ูˆ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุฏูˆุฑ ููŠู‡ู… ููŠุด
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:39:49,860 --> 00:39:51,200
1511
+ ุดุบู„ุฉ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:40:00,460 --> 00:40:03,360
1515
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:40:03,360 --> 00:40:07,620
1519
+ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุจุชุฌูŠุจู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฃูŠู†ุŸ ุงู†ุง ุจุญุท ู‚ุฏุงู…ูŠ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:40:07,620 --> 00:40:09,980
1523
+ ุงู„ group ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูƒุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูƒุณู†ูˆุงุช
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:40:09,980 --> 00:40:10,200
1527
+ ุงูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูƒุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูƒุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูƒุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงูˆ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:40:10,200 --> 00:40:12,500
1531
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูƒุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูƒุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูƒุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงูˆ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:40:12,500 --> 00:40:12,720
1535
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูƒุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูƒุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูƒุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงูˆ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:40:12,720 --> 00:40:13,140
1539
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูƒุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูƒุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูƒุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงูˆ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:40:13,140 --> 00:40:17,680
1543
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูƒุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:40:17,680 --> 00:40:23,570
1547
+ ูƒุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูƒุงู„ุญูŠู† ุฏู„ุช ู…ู†ู†ุง ู†ุงู„ู‡ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:40:23,570 --> 00:40:29,030
1551
+ ุงู„ุงู† ูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู†ุณูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ sub
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:40:29,030 --> 00:40:33,650
1555
+ group generated by ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠู‡
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:40:33,650 --> 00:40:37,850
1559
+ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูƒู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:40:37,850 --> 00:40:40,770
1563
+ order ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ sub groups
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:40:40,770 --> 00:40:47,050
1567
+ ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู†ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฌุงุก zero ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:40:54,230 --> 00:40:59,930
1571
+ ุฃู‡ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู„ูŠุด ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†ุด ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ zero ูˆ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:40:59,930 --> 00:41:05,650
1575
+ ูˆ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ zero ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู‡ ุญุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ zero ูˆ
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:41:05,650 --> 00:41:13,310
1579
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ and ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ zero ุทุจ ู„ูŠุด ุงุฎุชุงุฑุช ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:41:13,310 --> 00:41:17,310
1583
+ ู„ูŠุด ู…ุง ุงุฎุชุงุฑุช ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฏูˆู„
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:41:17,310 --> 00:41:24,600
1587
+ relatively prime ู…ุน mainู…ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆู„
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:41:24,600 --> 00:41:29,020
1591
+ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุงุด ู…ุง ุชุงุฎุฏ zero ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ zero ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ ู…ุด
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:41:29,020 --> 00:41:32,440
1595
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุจุงุฏุฆู†ุง ููŠู‡ู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุงููŠุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:41:32,440 --> 00:41:36,700
1599
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ subgroups ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ order
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:41:36,700 --> 00:41:40,480
1603
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ group ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:41:51,560 --> 00:41:57,420
1607
+ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุณุคุงู„ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณุคุงู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:41:57,420 --> 00:42:04,380
1611
+ find a subgroup ู…ู† z12, z4, z15 ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:42:04,380 --> 00:42:17,760
1615
+ ุชุณุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุณุคุงู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุจุฏู†ุง subgroup of z12
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:42:19,790 --> 00:42:25,210
1619
+ External Direct Product ู…ุน ุฒุฏ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ External
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:42:25,210 --> 00:42:31,710
1623
+ Direct Product ู…ุน ุฒุฏ ุฎู…ุณุชุงุด
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:42:31,710 --> 00:42:38,590
1627
+ that has order
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:42:38,590 --> 00:42:48,190
1631
+ ุชุณุนุฉ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:42:48,190 --> 00:42:52,930
1635
+ ุจุงู„ูƒ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒูˆูŠุณุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุณุฃู„ูƒู… ุณุคุงู„ ุชุงู†ูŠุŒ ู‡ู„ ููŠ
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:42:52,930 --> 00:42:58,470
1639
+ element ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ order ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชุณุนุฉุŸ ูˆู„ุง ุจุฏูŠ
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:42:58,470 --> 00:43:02,850
1643
+ ุฃุดูˆูุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุจุณุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุชุณุนุฉ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุด
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:43:02,850 --> 00:43:07,200
1647
+ ุงุชู†ุงุดูˆู„ุง element ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ order ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆู„ุง
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:43:07,200 --> 00:43:11,520
1651
+ element ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ order ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุชุณุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏูŠุด ูˆู„ุง
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:43:11,520 --> 00:43:15,920
1655
+ element ุงู„ order ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุชุณุนุฉ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ group
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:43:15,920 --> 00:43:20,920
1659
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ูุฑุฏุงุช ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทูŠุจ ุงู†ุง ู…ุด ู‡๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฌูŠุจ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:43:20,920 --> 00:43:25,300
1663
+ ุงู„ order ุชุณุนุฉ ู…ุด ู‡ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ order ุชุณุนุฉ ุชุจุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:43:25,300 --> 00:43:33,410
1667
+ sub group ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:43:33,410 --> 00:43:35,850
1671
+ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:43:35,850 --> 00:43:39,370
1675
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:43:39,370 --> 00:43:42,410
1679
+ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:43:42,410 --> 00:43:43,570
1683
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:43:43,570 --> 00:43:44,930
1687
+ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:43:44,930 --> 00:43:53,390
1691
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:43:53,390 --> 00:43:56,850
1695
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:43:57,140 --> 00:44:01,440
1699
+ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงุฌุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ order ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ order
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:44:01,440 --> 00:44:05,140
1703
+ ุฅู„ู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ order ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:44:05,140 --> 00:44:12,590
1707
+ ู‚ุฏุงุดุฑ ุงู„ order ู„ู„ external product ุชุณุนุฉุงู„ู€ order
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:44:12,590 --> 00:44:17,110
1711
+ ู„ู„ู€ group ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุตูŠุฑ ุชุณุนุฉ ู…ุด ุจุงุฎุฏุด elements ุจุงุฎุฏ
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:44:17,110 --> 00:44:21,150
1715
+ group ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃูˆ sub group ุชู…ุงู…
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:44:21,150 --> 00:44:27,370
1719
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู„ุงู‚ูŠ sub group ู…ู† ุงู„
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:44:27,370 --> 00:44:32,150
1723
+ groups ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ุง ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุชุณุนุฉ ู…ุด ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู†
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:44:32,150 --> 00:44:36,750
1727
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุญุงูŠู„ ุจุงู„ุฏุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:44:36,750 --> 00:44:41,020
1731
+ sub group ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ุง ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:44:41,020 --> 00:44:45,020
1735
+ subgroup ุงู„ order ุฅู„ู‡ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุดูŠุก
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:44:45,020 --> 00:44:48,760
1739
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุซู„ุง ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ subgroup ุงู„
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:44:48,760 --> 00:44:51,760
1743
+ order ุฅู„ู‡ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏูˆู„ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุชู‡ุง ู…ูƒูˆู†
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:44:51,760 --> 00:44:57,300
1747
+ ุฌุฏูŠุด ุชุณุนุฉ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุฌูŠุจ ุฃู‡ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ู„ูŠุด ู„ุฅู† ุฒุฏ ุงุชู†ุงุด ูˆุฒุฏ
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:44:57,300 --> 00:45:01,820
1751
+ ุงุฑุจุน ูˆุฒุฏ ุฎู…ุณุงุด ูƒู„ู‡ู… cyclic groupูˆููŠ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:45:01,820 --> 00:45:06,840
1755
+ chapter ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุฃูŠ subgroup ู…ู† cyclic group
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:45:06,840 --> 00:45:11,380
1759
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† cyclic ุชู…ุงู… ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:45:11,380 --> 00:45:26,980
1763
+ ุฃุฎุทุท ุงู„ HBA subgroup of Z12 with order ู…ุซู„ุง with
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:45:26,980 --> 00:45:39,970
1767
+ order ุชู„ุงุชุฉ andk is a subgroup ู…ู† z4 with order
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:45:39,970 --> 00:45:49,510
1771
+ one and ุงู„
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:45:49,510 --> 00:45:59,370
1775
+ subgroup ู…ู† z15 with order oneุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:45:59,370 --> 00:46:04,030
1779
+ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุชุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุชุงุด ูˆุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:46:04,030 --> 00:46:11,990
1783
+ ูˆุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุชุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฃุชู†ุงุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ for example for
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:46:11,990 --> 00:46:17,190
1787
+ example ุงู„
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:46:17,190 --> 00:46:21,450
1791
+ group generated by ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุด ุณุงูˆูŠ
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:46:21,450 --> 00:46:21,810
1795
+ ู‡ู†ุง
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:46:24,580 --> 00:46:30,860
1799
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ุงูŠ ู„ูŠุด ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ zero ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:46:30,860 --> 00:46:37,000
1803
+ ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ zero ุงู„ order ู„ู‡
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:46:37,000 --> 00:46:43,230
1807
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ุด ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ูˆุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ุจุฏุงุฎู„ ู…ู†
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:46:43,230 --> 00:46:48,510
1811
+ ุฎู…ุณุชุงุดุฑ ุจุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ group generated by ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ order
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:46:48,510 --> 00:46:54,250
1815
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูƒู…ุŸ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ order ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:46:54,250 --> 00:46:58,670
1819
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ least ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:46:58,670 --> 00:47:04,610
1823
+ order ู„ู„ external direct product ุงู„ order ู„ู„
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:47:04,610 --> 00:47:13,540
1827
+ external direct productู…ุน ู…ู†ุŸ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ zero ู…ุน ู…ู†ุŸ
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:47:13,540 --> 00:47:18,280
1831
+ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ subgroup generated by ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ุง
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:47:18,280 --> 00:47:23,140
1835
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ order ู„ู„ subgroup generated by ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู„ู…ู†
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:47:23,140 --> 00:47:28,100
1839
+ ุงู„ order ู„ ุงู„ zero ููŠ ุงู„ order ู„ู„ subgroup
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:47:28,100 --> 00:47:34,100
1843
+ generated by ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:47:34,100 --> 00:47:38,660
1847
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชุณุนุฉูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุฌุจุชู„ู‡ subgroup ู…ู† ุงู„ group
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:47:38,660 --> 00:47:44,260
1851
+ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ order ุฅู„ู‡ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชุณุนุฉ ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุณุคุงู„
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:47:44,260 --> 00:47:46,360
1855
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†
1856
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwZKOpj354PRgwYPWWgxchnI/V133cZxPx_0.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1979 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,190 --> 00:00:26,610
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุฎูˆุงุต
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:26,610 --> 00:00:31,330
7
+ ุงู„ู€ group ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู„ู„ู€ group ูˆุงุฎุฏู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:31,330 --> 00:00:35,930
11
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ identity element
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:35,930 --> 00:00:39,980
15
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ group ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ identity element ูŠูƒูˆู†
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:39,980 --> 00:00:43,540
19
+ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุทูŠู† ูˆ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู†
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:43,540 --> 00:00:45,200
23
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุทูŠู† ูˆ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุทูŠู† ูˆ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุฃู†
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:45,200 --> 00:00:47,820
27
+ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุทูŠู† ูˆ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุทูŠู† ูˆ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:47,820 --> 00:00:48,960
31
+ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุทูŠู† ูˆ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู†
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:48,960 --> 00:00:50,300
35
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุทูŠู† ูˆ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุทูŠู† ูˆ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุฃู†
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:50,300 --> 00:00:52,420
39
+ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุทูŠู† ูˆ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุทูŠู† ูˆ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:52,420 --> 00:00:56,700
43
+ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุทูŠู† ูˆ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู†
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:56,700 --> 00:01:01,140
47
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุทูŠู† ูˆ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุทูŠู† ูˆ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุฃู†
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:01,140 --> 00:01:06,290
51
+ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุทูŠู† ุจู„ุบุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ba ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:06,290 --> 00:01:12,450
55
+ ca then ุจูŠู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ c ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุดุงุทุจู†ุง a ู…ุน a ูˆุฏู‡
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:12,450 --> 00:01:18,250
59
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุดุงุทุจ ุงู„ุฃูŠู…ู† ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง a ุจูŠู‡ ุจุฏู‡
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:18,250 --> 00:01:23,630
63
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ac ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุทุงู„ุน ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠู‡ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ c ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒุฃู†ู‡
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:23,630 --> 00:01:29,510
67
+ ุดุงุทุจู†ุง ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุดุงุทุจ ุงู„ุฃูŠุณุฑ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:29,510 --> 00:01:32,810
71
+ ุงู„ุดุงุทุจ ุงู„ุฃูŠู…ู† ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุดุงุทุจ ุงู„ุฃูŠุณุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุณู…ูŠุงุช
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:32,810 --> 00:01:37,310
75
+ ุจุชู‡ู…ู†ูŠุด ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุจู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃู†ุง ู†ุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุซุจุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:37,310 --> 00:01:43,170
79
+ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู†ุซุจุชู‡ุง ูุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ for proof
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:46,430 --> 00:01:51,850
83
+ ุงู„ุขู† b ููŠ a ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:51,850 --> 00:01:56,150
87
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ group g ูˆุงู„ู€ b ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ group g ู…ุดุงู†
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:56,150 --> 00:02:02,210
91
+ ุชูƒูˆู† group ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ู„ูƒู„ ุนู†ุตุฑ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ู„ู‡ุฐุง
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:02,210 --> 00:02:07,650
95
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูุชุฑุถ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ู„ุนู†ุตุฑ a ู…ุซู„ุง ูˆู„ูŠู‡
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:07,650 --> 00:02:12,230
99
+ ุฃูƒูˆู† a prime ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ ุฑู…ุฒ ุขุฎุฑ ูˆู†ุดูˆู ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ูˆูŠู†
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:12,230 --> 00:02:14,790
103
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ assume
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:34,810 --> 00:02:43,090
107
+ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ba ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ca ุงุจุฏุฃ ุฃุถุฑุจ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:43,090 --> 00:02:51,850
111
+ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ a' ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ba ููŠ ุงู„ู€ a' ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ca ููŠ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:51,850 --> 00:02:59,230
115
+ ุงู„ู€ a' ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุณูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงุจุฏุฃ ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:59,230 --> 00:03:03,880
119
+ associativity ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู† ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ associativity ุจุตูŠุฑ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:03,880 --> 00:03:10,660
123
+ ุฃู† b ููŠ aa prime ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:10,660 --> 00:03:17,700
127
+ c ููŠ aa prime ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุฃูŠ ุนู†ุตุฑ ููŠ ู…ุนูƒุณู‡ ุดูˆ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:17,700 --> 00:03:22,860
131
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุงู‡ ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ identity element ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:22,860 --> 00:03:34,390
135
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ b ุงู„ู€ b ููŠ ุงู„ู€ e ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:34,390 --> 00:03:38,890
139
+ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ c ููŠ ุงู„ู€ e ุทุจ ุงู„ู€ identity
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:38,890 --> 00:03:42,870
143
+ element ู„ู…ุง ุฃุถุฑุจู‡ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุนู†ุตุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุงุŸ ู†ูุณ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:42,870 --> 00:03:49,950
147
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง b ุชุณุงูˆูŠ c ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:49,950 --> 00:04:01,090
151
+ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ and ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู€ ab ุจุฏู‡
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:04:01,090 --> 00:04:08,390
155
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ac implies ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ a prime ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ab ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:04:08,390 --> 00:04:15,350
159
+ ุงู„ู€ a prime ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ac ู…ู† ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ associativity ู‡ุฐุง
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:04:15,350 --> 00:04:18,110
163
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ a prime a
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:26,160 --> 00:04:31,040
167
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ููŠ ู…ุนูƒุณู‡ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู€ identity element ุฏูŠุฑ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:31,040 --> 00:04:34,320
171
+ ุจุงู„ูƒ ุจุณ ู…ุด ุนู†ุตุฑ ุชุถุฑุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:34,320 --> 00:04:37,720
175
+ ุถุฑุจุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุถุฑุจุช ู…ู†
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:37,720 --> 00:04:40,960
179
+ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุง ู‚ุงู„ูŠุด ุงู„ู€
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:40,960 --> 00:04:44,780
183
+ group abelian ู„ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ูŠ ู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุฃุจูŠู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุถุฑุจุช ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:44,780 --> 00:04:47,560
187
+ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ุŒ ุฃู†ุช ูุฑูŠู‚ุด ุนู†ู†ุง ุจุณ ุฅู† ูƒุงู†
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:47,560 --> 00:04:49,880
191
+ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ู…ู†
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:49,880 --> 00:04:53,280
195
+ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ุŒ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุช ุดุงูŠู ู„ุงุฒู…
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:53,280 --> 00:04:58,420
199
+ ู†ุฑู‰ ุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุนู†ุฏ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ groups ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:58,420 --> 00:05:03,720
203
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ identity element ููŠ b ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ู€ identity
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:03,720 --> 00:05:11,320
207
+ element ููŠ c ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู† b ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ c ุฅุฐุง
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:11,320 --> 00:05:15,520
211
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุขู† ูุตุงุนุฏู‹ุง ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุดุทุจ ุงู„ุฃูŠู…ู† ูˆู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุดุทุจ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:15,520 --> 00:05:23,320
215
+ ุงู„ุฃูŠุณุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ group exist ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆู…ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:23,320 --> 00:05:27,880
219
+ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ู…ู† ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ู€ group ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:27,880 --> 00:05:38,920
223
+ for each element for each element ู„ุฃูŠ ุนู†ุตุฑ for
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:38,920 --> 00:05:47,040
227
+ each element a in a group g
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:49,680 --> 00:05:55,360
231
+ ู„ุฃูŠ ุนู†ุตุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ group g there is a unique element
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:55,360 --> 00:06:10,620
235
+ there is a unique element there is
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:06:10,620 --> 00:06:17,880
239
+ a unique element b in g such that
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:06:21,290 --> 00:06:29,150
243
+ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ab ุณุงูˆูŠ ba ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ identity
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:06:29,150 --> 00:06:40,070
247
+ element ู…ุฑุฉ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:06:40,070 --> 00:06:44,940
251
+ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุชุช ุฃูˆู„ ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุฃู† ุนู†ุตุฑ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:44,940 --> 00:06:49,080
255
+ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุญูŠุฏู‹ุง ู…ุงููŠุด ุบูŠุฑ ุนู†ุตุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:49,080 --> 00:06:53,500
259
+ group ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุขุฎุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:53,500 --> 00:07:00,060
263
+ ุฃูŠ ุนู†ุตุฑ a ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ g ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุนู†ุตุฑ ูˆุญูŠุฏ ู„ุงุญุธ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:07:00,060 --> 00:07:05,080
267
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ a unique element ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุตุฑู‹ุง ูˆุญูŠุฏู‹ุง ู…ุงููŠุด
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:07:05,080 --> 00:07:10,910
271
+ ุบูŠุฑู‡ ูˆ b ููŠ g ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ g ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ a ููŠ b
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:07:10,910 --> 00:07:14,710
275
+ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ a ููŠ b ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ identity ุดูˆ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:07:14,710 --> 00:07:20,990
279
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ู„ูƒู„ ุนู†ุตุฑ ูŠูƒูˆู†ู‡ ูˆุญูŠุฏู‹ุง ู…ุงููŠุด
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:07:20,990 --> 00:07:26,540
283
+ ุบูŠุฑู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุนู†ุตุฑ ููŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ group ู„ู‡ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ู„ุง
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:07:26,540 --> 00:07:31,740
287
+ ูŠุดุงุฑูƒู‡ ุฃุญุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู†ุซุจุช ู‡ุฐุง
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:07:31,740 --> 00:07:35,840
291
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ identity
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:07:35,840 --> 00:07:39,360
295
+ element ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ a ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ group ุจุฏูŠ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:39,360 --> 00:07:43,960
299
+ ุฃูุชุฑุถ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู‡ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณูŠู† ูˆ ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู† ู‡ุฐูŠู†
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:43,960 --> 00:07:49,260
303
+ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณูŠู† ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ for proof
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:53,660 --> 00:08:07,940
307
+ Assume ุงูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† b ูˆ c ู‡ู… ุฃูƒุซุฑ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:08:07,940 --> 00:08:18,200
311
+ ู…ู† ุงุณู…
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:08:18,200 --> 00:08:20,080
315
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ g
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:08:26,860 --> 00:08:35,980
319
+ ุงู„ู€ ab ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ba ุงู„ู€ ab ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ba ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:08:35,980 --> 00:08:44,760
323
+ identity e and ุงู„ู€ ac ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ca ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:08:44,760 --> 00:08:50,540
327
+ identity e ู‡ุฐุง ุญุณุจ ุชุนุฑูŠู ู…ู†ุŸ ุญุณุจ ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:08:50,540 --> 00:08:57,810
331
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ element ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ identity ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:08:57,810 --> 00:09:01,850
335
+ element ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ identity ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู€ two
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:09:01,850 --> 00:09:08,270
339
+ elements are equal ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง a ุฃู†ู‡ a
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:09:08,270 --> 00:09:14,230
343
+ ููŠ b ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ ac ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุงู„ู‡ู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:09:14,230 --> 00:09:19,310
347
+ ุงู„ู€ identity ุจุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุซู†ูŠู†
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:09:19,310 --> 00:09:23,030
351
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ by property
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:09:29,720 --> 00:09:37,400
355
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ c ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ similarly ุจู†ูุณ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:09:37,400 --> 00:09:38,420
359
+ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:09:40,770 --> 00:09:49,050
363
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ba ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ca implies ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ b ุชุณุงูˆูŠ c
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:09:49,050 --> 00:09:53,330
367
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู„ูˆ ูˆุฌุฏ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณูŠู† ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:09:53,330 --> 00:09:57,970
371
+ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ู…ุง ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง are equal
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:09:57,970 --> 00:10:02,850
375
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฃู† ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง aูŠู‡ุŸ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:10:02,850 --> 00:10:05,490
379
+ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ูˆุญูŠุฏู‹ุง ู…ููŠุด ุบูŠุฑู‡
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:10:13,790 --> 00:10:20,370
383
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:10:20,370 --> 00:10:20,490
387
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:10:20,490 --> 00:10:21,050
391
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:10:21,050 --> 00:10:21,450
395
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:10:21,450 --> 00:10:22,370
399
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:10:22,370 --> 00:10:26,570
403
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:10:26,570 --> 00:10:29,330
407
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:10:29,330 --> 00:10:29,610
411
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:10:29,610 --> 00:10:31,270
415
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:10:31,270 --> 00:10:40,590
419
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:10:40,590 --> 00:10:46,180
423
+ ุงู„ุฑูˆุงู„ุนูƒุณ ู…ู† g
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:10:46,180 --> 00:10:57,840
427
+ ู‡ูˆ denoted by g inverse ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุขู† ูุตุงุนุฏู‹ุง
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:10:57,840 --> 00:11:03,700
431
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุจุทู„ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ let a' b is inverse of a ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:11:03,700 --> 00:11:08,640
435
+ ุงู„ุฎุท ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„ู€ a ู‡ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ a inverse ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„ู€ g ู‡ูˆ g
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:11:08,640 --> 00:11:20,880
439
+ inverse ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ if ุงู„ู€ n is a positive
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:11:22,440 --> 00:11:32,780
443
+ integer ุนุฏุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุจุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ n then ุงู„ู€ g to the
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:11:32,780 --> 00:11:40,440
447
+ power n ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ aูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ g ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ g ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:11:40,440 --> 00:11:47,800
451
+ g ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… in times ูŠุนู†ูŠ n ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ู‡ู†ุง
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:11:47,800 --> 00:11:50,760
455
+ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง ู…ุด ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:11:50,760 --> 00:11:55,860
459
+ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ g star g g star g star g star g ุฅู„ู‰
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:11:55,860 --> 00:11:59,920
463
+ ุฃุฎูŠุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ star mean ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุชูƒูˆู† ุจุณ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑู‹ุง
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:11:59,920 --> 00:12:07,490
467
+ ุจู†ูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:12:07,490 --> 00:12:13,930
471
+ ุงู„ู€ g ู…ุฑููˆุน ู„ู„ุฃุณ ุตูุฑ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃูŠ element ููŠ ุงู„ู€
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:12:13,930 --> 00:12:18,890
475
+ group g ุงุฑูุน ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู€ identity element
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:12:18,890 --> 00:12:26,550
479
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ e ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ g to the power n ุจู‚ุฏุฑ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:12:26,550 --> 00:12:35,520
483
+ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ g inverse ุฃุณ ุณุงู„ุจ n ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ gn ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:12:35,520 --> 00:12:36,620
487
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:12:47,300 --> 00:12:56,760
491
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ gm ููŠ ุงู„ู€ gn ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ gm ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ู€ n ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุฌู…ุน
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:12:56,760 --> 00:13:06,260
495
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุณ ุนุงุฏูŠ ุฌุฏุง ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุณุชุฉ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุณุชุฉ gm ูƒู„ู‡ ุฃุณ n
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:13:06,260 --> 00:13:14,390
499
+ ุฒูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุณุณ ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ ูˆู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุซู„
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:13:14,390 --> 00:13:19,430
503
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณุงุช ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ element ู…ุฑููˆุนุฉ ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฃุณุณ M
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:13:19,430 --> 00:13:24,950
507
+ ูˆ N ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ operation ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุณุณ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:13:24,950 --> 00:13:32,650
511
+ ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง GM Star GM Star GM Star GM ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ N
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:13:32,650 --> 00:13:42,050
515
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุชู…ุงู…ุง ู‡ูŠ GMN ุฃูˆ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆู„
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:13:42,050 --> 00:13:50,250
519
+ GNM ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ูˆ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุถุฑุจ ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:13:50,250 --> 00:13:54,910
523
+ ู„ู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ุณุชุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุณุชุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:13:54,910 --> 00:14:01,710
527
+ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ุง ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ GNM
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:14:01,710 --> 00:14:07,170
531
+ ุจู‡ู…ู†ูŠุด ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณู„ูˆุจ ูˆู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠู† ูƒู„ู‡ ุจุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:14:07,170 --> 00:14:14,580
535
+ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช a b
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:14:14,580 --> 00:14:23,820
539
+ ูƒู„ู‡ to the power n ู‡ู„ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ a n b n ูŠุนู†ูŠ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:14:23,820 --> 00:14:29,680
543
+ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู€ a b ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ a ุชุฑุจูŠุน b ุชุฑุจูŠุน
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:14:29,680 --> 00:14:36,300
547
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฏุฉ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ g ุฃุจูŠู„ูŠุง ุบูŠุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุนุทูŠูƒ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:14:36,300 --> 00:14:41,400
551
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:14:41,400 --> 00:14:49,880
555
+ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุจุณุชุซู†ูŠ ูˆ ุจู‚ูˆู„ but if g is abelian
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:14:49,880 --> 00:14:58,160
559
+ then ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ a b to the power n ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ a n b n
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:14:58,160 --> 00:15:04,290
563
+ ุบูŠุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุจุฏู„ ุฃูŠ ุนู†ุตุฑ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:15:04,290 --> 00:15:07,430
567
+ ุจุฏูˆู† ุฃูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฅู† ูƒุงู† ุชู…ูŠู„ ู„ูƒู† if it's not
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:15:07,430 --> 00:15:12,830
571
+ abelian ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูƒู„ุงู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ุตุญูŠุญุง ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:15:12,830 --> 00:15:23,270
575
+ ุงู„ุซุงู…ู†ุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ if ุงู„ู€ g ูˆ ุงู„ู€ plus is a group is a
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:15:23,270 --> 00:15:28,190
579
+ group then
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:15:30,130 --> 00:15:47,370
583
+ ุงู„ู€ inverse of g is minus g that is a n ุงู„ู€ g
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:15:47,370 --> 00:15:53,710
587
+ inverse ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุณุงู„ุจ g and
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:15:55,880 --> 00:16:04,480
591
+ ุงู„ู€ G Inverse ูƒู„ ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ G
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:16:28,420 --> 00:16:34,920
595
+ ุจุชุฑุฌุน ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู†
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:16:34,920 --> 00:16:40,000
599
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุชุธู„ ู…ุนุงู†ุง ุทูŠู„ุฉ ุดุบู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู„ู…
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:16:40,000 --> 00:16:45,400
603
+ ุงู„ุฌุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุขู† ูุตุงุนุฏุง ู„ู† ู†ุชูู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฑุฉ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:16:45,400 --> 00:16:50,680
607
+ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ group
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:16:50,680 --> 00:16:55,240
611
+ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ set of real number ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู€
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:16:55,240 --> 00:16:59,380
615
+ group ู…ู† ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ group ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฌูŠ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:16:59,380 --> 00:17:04,760
619
+ ุฌุฑูˆุจ ูˆ ุฃุฎุฐุช ุนู†ุตุฑ ุฌูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุฌูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„ุฌูŠ ู…ู†
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:17:04,760 --> 00:17:11,040
623
+ ุงู„ุขู† ูุตุงุนุฏุง ู‡ู†ุฑู…ุฒ ู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ุฑู…ุฒ G inverse ูˆู„ูŠุณ G ุณุงู„ุจ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:17:11,040 --> 00:17:16,140
627
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูŠุณุช ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌูŠ ุชู…ุงู… ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ู…ุดุงู†
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:17:16,140 --> 00:17:22,000
631
+ ู…ุง ุชุชูˆู‡ุด ุจูŠู† ุบุณูŠู„ ุงูƒุชุจ ู„ู€ G inverse ู„ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:26,600
635
+ ุฌูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠูุงุช ู‡ูŠู‡ุง ุตุญูŠุญ ุงู„ู€ G inverse
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:17:26,600 --> 00:17:31,920
639
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ G ุจุณ in general ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุตุญูŠุญุง ุทูŠุจ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:17:31,920 --> 00:17:35,900
643
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ N positive integer ุนุฏุฏ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:17:35,900 --> 00:17:41,900
647
+ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุจู€ G N ู‡ูŠ G star G star G
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:17:41,900 --> 00:17:46,740
651
+ star G N ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุทุจู‚ ุงู„ู€ binary
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:17:46,740 --> 00:17:51,510
655
+ operation ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ element ู‡ุฐุง N ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:17:51,510 --> 00:17:56,070
659
+ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ุงู„ู€ A element ููŠ ุงู„ู€ group G ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช ู„ู‡
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:17:56,070 --> 00:17:59,570
663
+ ุงู„ุฃุณ Zero ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูˆ ุฃุจุฏุง ุงู„ู€ identity
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:17:59,570 --> 00:18:06,590
667
+ element ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ GN ูŠู…ูƒู† ุตูŠุงุบุชู‡ุง ุจุตูŠุงุบุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูˆ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:18:06,590 --> 00:18:11,990
671
+ ู‡ุชุดูˆููˆุง ูˆุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุจุฑู‡ู† ู‡ู†ุถุทุฑ ู†ุตูŠุบ ุงู„ู€ GN ุจุงู„ุตูŠุงุบุฉ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:18:11,990 --> 00:18:19,070
675
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠ G inverse ูˆ ุณุงู„ุจ N ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู†
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:18:19,070 --> 00:18:27,180
679
+ are the same ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ GM ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ GN ูŠุจู‚ู‰
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:18:27,180 --> 00:18:31,960
683
+ ุจู†ุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุณุณ ุฌู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูŠุณุช ุถุฑุจ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ู…ุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:18:31,960 --> 00:18:40,770
687
+ ุจู‡ุง Star GM Star GN ูŠุจู‚ู‰ GM ุฒุงุฆุฏ M ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฃุณ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:18:40,770 --> 00:18:46,010
691
+ ุฃุณุง ู…ุฑูƒุจุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุถุฑุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุณ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ G
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:18:46,010 --> 00:18:52,030
695
+ M N ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ G ุฃุณ M N ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ู€ N ูˆ ุงู„ู€ M ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:18:52,030 --> 00:18:57,470
699
+ integers ูˆ ุงุซู†ูŠู† are positive ูŠุจู‚ู‰ G N M ุฃูˆ G N
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:18:57,470 --> 00:19:03,240
703
+ ุฃุณ M ูƒู„ู‡ are the same ู„ุฃ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู„ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ a b to
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:19:03,240 --> 00:19:10,360
707
+ the power n ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ a n ููŠ b n ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ a b
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:19:10,360 --> 00:19:18,160
711
+ a b a b a b a b n ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ a n b n ู„ูƒู†
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:19:18,160 --> 00:19:23,100
715
+ ุฅู† ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ g abelian ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุจุฏู„ ุงู„ู€ a ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ b
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:19:23,100 --> 00:19:28,220
719
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ a b to the power n ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ a n
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:19:28,220 --> 00:19:35,950
723
+ b n ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏูŠ ุจุงู„ูƒ ุงู‡ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒ a ุฒุงุฆุฏ b ู„ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู…ุด
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:19:35,950 --> 00:19:39,610
727
+ ู‡ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู‡ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† a b ุฒุงุฆุฏ b ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู‡ุฐุง
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:19:39,610 --> 00:19:44,490
731
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุบู„ุท a ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฃูˆ ุฒุงุฆุฏ b ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุตุญ ุจุณ ู…ุด ุงุซู†ูŠู†
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:19:44,490 --> 00:19:50,830
735
+ a b ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฒุงุฆุฏ a b ุฒุงุฆุฏ b a ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:19:50,830 --> 00:19:56,770
739
+ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ a ุฒุงุฆุฏ b ู„ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู„ูˆ ุญุจูŠุช ุฃุดูˆูู‡ู… ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:19:56,770 --> 00:20:02,110
743
+ group ุดูˆ ุดูƒู„ู‡ู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฃุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง a ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:20:02,110 --> 00:20:09,990
747
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุฒุงุฆุฏ a b ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุฒุงุฆุฏ b a ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุฒุงุฆุฏ b ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู‡ูŠูƒ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:20:09,990 --> 00:20:14,690
751
+ ุตุญ ู„ูƒู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ a ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† a b ุฒุงุฆุฏ b ุชุฑุจูŠุน
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:20:14,690 --> 00:20:19,010
755
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ุงู… ุบู„ุท ุฅู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃุจูŠู„ุง ุบูŠุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุนุทูŠูƒ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:20:19,010 --> 00:20:24,580
759
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู…ู†ุฉ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:20:24,580 --> 00:20:30,020
763
+ ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ binary operation ู…ุนุฑูุฉ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:20:30,020 --> 00:20:36,120
767
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ group G ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ G inverse
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:20:36,120 --> 00:20:42,380
771
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุณุงู„ุจ G ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„ู€ G ู‡ูˆ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:20:42,380 --> 00:20:47,600
775
+ ุณุงู„ุจ G that is ุงู„ู€ G inverse ู‡ูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ G ูˆ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:20:47,600 --> 00:20:55,100
779
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฌูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ ุฃูˆ ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:20:55,100 --> 00:21:01,480
783
+ ุฌูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุณุงู„ุจ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฌูŠ ู„ุฃู† ุนู†ุฏ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:21:01,480 --> 00:21:06,080
787
+ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุณุงู„ุจ ุฌูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ ุฌูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ ุฌูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:21:06,080 --> 00:21:13,530
791
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฌูŠ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุฃุณุณ ููŠ ุจุนุถู‡ุง ูˆ ุจู†ุฒู„ู‡ ุชุญุช
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:21:13,530 --> 00:21:18,110
795
+ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ุงุฆุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ ุทูŠุจ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:21:18,110 --> 00:21:22,650
799
+ ูˆุฑุณูˆ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฌูŠ ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:21:22,650 --> 00:21:28,750
803
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏู‡ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฌูŠ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุฌูŠ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุฌูŠ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุชุถุฑุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:21:28,750 --> 00:21:33,670
807
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฌูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:21:33,670 --> 00:21:39,080
811
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ group G ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฌูŠ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:21:39,080 --> 00:21:44,420
815
+ ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฌูŠ ุฌูŠ ุฃุณ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุชุนู†ูŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฌูŠ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:21:44,420 --> 00:21:50,620
819
+ ุฌูŠ ุฃุณ ุณุงู„ุจ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชุนู†ูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฌูŠ and so on ูˆ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:21:50,620 --> 00:21:59,680
823
+ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุทูŠุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ if ุงู„ู€ a
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:21:59,680 --> 00:22:07,020
827
+ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ if ุงู„ู€ a and ุงู„ู€ b belong
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:22:14,690 --> 00:22:24,890
831
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฌูŠ ุซู… ุฃูŠ ุจูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ ุงู†ูุฑุณ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุจูŠ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:22:24,890 --> 00:22:37,030
835
+ ุงู†ูุฑุณ ุฃูŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ ุฎู„ูŠ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:22:37,030 --> 00:22:43,070
839
+ ุจุงู„ูƒ ู‡ู†ุฃ ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู† ููŠ ู‚ู„ูˆุจู‡ู… ูˆุถุฑุจุชู‡ู… ููŠ ุจุนุถู‡ู…
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:22:43,070 --> 00:22:48,230
843
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุชุจุนู‡ู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุจู‚ูˆู„ A B ูƒู„
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:22:48,230 --> 00:22:54,110
847
+ inverse ุนู…ู„ูŠุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง B inverse A inverse
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:22:54,110 --> 00:22:58,950
851
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุชุจุช ุงู„ู€ inverse ู„ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู‡ู… ูˆ ู‚ู„ุจุช ุงู„ูˆุถุน
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:22:58,950 --> 00:23:04,990
855
+ ู‡ุฑูˆุญ ู†ุจุฑู‡ู† ุตุญุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฅุญู†ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุฃู†
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:23:04,990 --> 00:23:09,140
859
+ ุงู„ู€ inverse element ูˆุญูŠุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅู„ุง
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:23:09,140 --> 00:23:14,040
863
+ ุฅู†ุตุงุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ a b ู…ุง ู„ู‡ ุฅู„ุง ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:23:14,040 --> 00:23:20,180
867
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฏู ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู„ู‡ ุฌุฏุงุด ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ุฏุงู… ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู„ุงุฒู…
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:23:20,180 --> 00:23:25,000
871
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูŠุชุณุงูˆู‰ ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:23:25,000 --> 00:23:30,200
875
+ ู„ูˆ ู‚ุฏุฑุช ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ b inverse a inverse ู‡ูˆ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„ู€
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:23:30,200 --> 00:23:32,940
879
+ a b ุจุชู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ุธุจูˆุท
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:23:37,330 --> 00:23:46,230
883
+ ุจู…ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ a ูˆ ุงู„ู€ b ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ g, we have ุฃู† ุญุงุตู„
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:23:46,230 --> 00:23:51,570
887
+ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ a,b ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ g ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ู„ู…ุดุงู† ุงู„ู€ binary
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:23:51,570 --> 00:23:56,210
891
+ operation a to elements a star b ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:23:56,210 --> 00:24:03,250
895
+ ููŠ ุฌูŠ ู…ุง ุฏุงู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุฌูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ there exists
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:24:03,250 --> 00:24:15,690
899
+ inverse for the element a,b ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู‡ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ that
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:24:15,690 --> 00:24:23,790
903
+ is A B ุงู„ูƒู„ inverse ู…ุด ุดุงูƒุจ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฑู…ุฒ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:24:23,790 --> 00:24:29,730
907
+ A B A B inverse ุทูŠุจ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุดูˆู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงุชุจู‡ ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:24:29,730 --> 00:24:34,670
911
+ ุฅุฐุง ุถุฑุจุช ููŠ A B ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ูˆ ุทู„ุน ุงู„ู€
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:24:34,670 --> 00:24:39,250
915
+ identity ุงู„ู€ e ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู…ุงู† inverse ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:24:39,250 --> 00:24:48,090
919
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒ consider ุฎุฏ ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ A B ููŠ ุงู„ู€ B
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:24:48,090 --> 00:24:53,590
923
+ inverse A inverse ู‡ุฃุดูˆู ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏู‘ู‡
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:24:53,590 --> 00:24:58,450
927
+ ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ associativity ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‘ู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:24:58,450 --> 00:25:05,910
931
+ A ููŠ B ููŠ ุงู„ู€ B inverse ููŠ ุงู„ู€ A inverse ุงู„ู€ B ููŠ ุงู„ู€
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:25:05,910 --> 00:25:12,210
935
+ B inverse ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ identity ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ A ููŠ ุงู„ู€ E ููŠ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:25:12,210 --> 00:25:17,700
939
+ ุงู„ู€ A inverse ุงู„ู€ E ุฃุถุฑุจ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุนู†ุตุฑ ุจูŠุทู„ุนุŸ ู†ูุณ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:25:17,700 --> 00:25:23,320
943
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง A A inverse ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏู‘ู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:25:23,320 --> 00:25:28,960
947
+ identity E ู…ุง ู†ูุนุด ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ูˆ ุจุณ ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู„ุงุฒู…
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:25:28,960 --> 00:25:35,410
951
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฃุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ and ุงู„ู€ b
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:25:35,410 --> 00:25:42,670
955
+ inverse a inverse ููŠ ุงู„ู€ a b ุจุฏู‘ู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ b inverse ููŠ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:25:42,670 --> 00:25:50,410
959
+ ุงู„ู€ a inverse a ููŠ ุงู„ู€ a inverse a ููŠ ู…ู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ b
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:25:50,410 --> 00:25:56,190
963
+ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ูˆ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณู‡ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู…ู†ุŸ ุงู„ู€ identity
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:25:56,190 --> 00:26:02,420
967
+ element ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‘ู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง P inverse AB ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:26:02,420 --> 00:26:07,200
971
+ ุจุฏู‘ู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง P inverse P ุจุฏู‘ู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ identity
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:26:07,200 --> 00:26:12,400
975
+ element ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ element P inverse A
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:26:12,400 --> 00:26:18,840
979
+ inverse ุญู‚ู‚ ู„ูŠู‡ ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ AB ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู†
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:26:18,840 --> 00:26:25,940
983
+ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‘ู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู† b
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:26:25,940 --> 00:26:37,140
987
+ inverse a inverse is the inverse element of a,b
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:26:37,140 --> 00:26:41,800
991
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„ู€ a,b ู„ูƒู† ุฅุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:26:41,800 --> 00:26:46,900
995
+ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„ู€ a,b ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุฌ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏูˆู„ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ุนุงู‡ู…
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:26:47,490 --> 00:26:55,110
999
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุชุณุงูˆู‰ ูุจุฃุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ since ุจู…ุง ุฃู† the inverse
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:26:55,110 --> 00:27:05,950
1003
+ the inverse of an element of a group G is unique
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:27:13,670 --> 00:27:20,850
1007
+ ุฅู† (A B) ุงู„ูƒู„ inverse ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ B inverse A inverse
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:27:20,850 --> 00:27:24,010
1011
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:27:24,010 --> 00:27:28,830
1015
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุณุฃู„ูƒูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ูˆ ุฃุดูˆู ุฅูŠุด ุฑุฃูŠูƒูˆุง ููŠู‡ ุทูŠุจ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:27:28,830 --> 00:27:36,510
1019
+ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุฃู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ (A B C) ุงู„ูƒู„ inverse ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:27:40,480 --> 00:27:44,280
1023
+ C inverse B inverse A inverse ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ู…ู†
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:27:44,280 --> 00:27:51,260
1027
+ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู„ู„ุฃูˆู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ C inverse ูˆ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:27:51,260 --> 00:27:56,600
1031
+ ู‡ู†ุง B inverse ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง A inverse ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนุดุงู†
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:27:56,600 --> 00:28:01,440
1035
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ูŠุฉ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ูˆ ุชุฑุฌุน ุฑุฌูˆุน ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:28:01,440 --> 00:28:09,060
1039
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุณุคุงู„
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:28:09,060 --> 00:28:15,840
1043
+ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุณุคุงู„ 18 ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุนุชุจุฑู‡ ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:28:15,840 --> 00:28:22,540
1047
+ ุฌุฏุง ุจุชู„ุฒู…ู†ุง ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุณุคุงู„ 18 ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ if G
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:28:22,540 --> 00:28:31,610
1051
+ is a group ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ G group then ุงู„ู€ A Inverse
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:28:31,610 --> 00:28:39,910
1055
+ Inverse ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ A itself ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:28:39,910 --> 00:28:42,390
1059
+ A ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ group G
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:29:05,530 --> 00:29:11,690
1063
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ group G ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:29:11,690 --> 00:29:17,730
1067
+ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ A inverse inverse ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง A ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุชูˆุฌุฏ A
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:29:17,730 --> 00:29:23,630
1071
+ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุชุจุนู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุขู† ูุตุงุนุฏุง ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุงู„
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:29:23,630 --> 00:29:28,130
1075
+ element ุจูŠุฑุฌุนู†ูŠ ู„ู„ element itself ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู†ุซุจุช
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:29:28,130 --> 00:29:32,090
1079
+ ุตุญุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู„ ุงู„ professor
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:29:38,960 --> 00:29:49,840
1083
+ ู„ุช ุงู„ a ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ group g then a inverse ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:29:49,840 --> 00:29:57,830
1087
+ ููŠ g ู…ุนูƒูˆุณู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุฌูŠู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:29:57,830 --> 00:30:06,150
1091
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุฌูŠู‡ ุตุญูŠุญ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ then and a inverse inverse
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:30:06,150 --> 00:30:12,530
1095
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุฌูŠู‡ ู„ูŠุด ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูˆุฌุฏ ุนู†ุตุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ group
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:30:12,530 --> 00:30:17,610
1099
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุนูƒูˆุณู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุดูˆ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ a inverse
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:30:17,610 --> 00:30:25,060
1103
+ inverse ุทูŠุจ ู…ุฏุงู… ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ a inverse
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:30:25,060 --> 00:30:33,820
1107
+ inverse inverse ู…ุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนูƒูˆุณู‡ ุญุงุตู„
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:30:33,820 --> 00:30:40,860
1111
+ ุถุฑุจู‡ ู…ุง ุดูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ identity element ุทูŠุจ ุฅูŠุด
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:30:40,860 --> 00:30:47,440
1115
+ ุฑุฃูŠูƒ ู„ูˆ ุฑูˆุญุช ุถุฑุจุช ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุจุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ a ุงุชุตู„ุช ู…ู†
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:30:47,440 --> 00:30:54,760
1119
+ ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ู‡ุงู‡ุฏุฑ ุจุงู„ูƒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ A ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ A
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:30:54,760 --> 00:31:02,060
1123
+ inverse ููŠ ุงู„ู€ A inverse inverse ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ A
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:31:02,060 --> 00:31:03,360
1127
+ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ A inverse inverse ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ A
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:31:03,360 --> 00:31:04,500
1131
+ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ A inverse inverse ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ A
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:31:04,500 --> 00:31:06,880
1135
+ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ A inverse inverse ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ A
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:31:06,880 --> 00:31:11,880
1139
+ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ A inverse inverse ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:31:11,880 --> 00:31:15,540
1143
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ A ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ A inverse inverse ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:31:26,790 --> 00:31:33,030
1147
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ identity element ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:31:33,030 --> 00:31:38,970
1151
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ E ููŠ A inverse inverse
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:31:41,540 --> 00:31:45,380
1155
+ ุงู„ู€ identity element ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ุถุจู‡ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุนู†ุตุฑ ุจูŠุทู„ุน
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:31:45,380 --> 00:31:51,460
1159
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ a inverse inverse ุจุฏู‡
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:31:51,460 --> 00:31:57,240
1163
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ a itself ุนุฒูŠุฒูŠ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุŸ ุทูŠุจ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:31:57,240 --> 00:32:02,360
1167
+ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ูˆ ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ section ูˆ ุฅู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:32:02,360 --> 00:32:10,730
1171
+ exercises ุจุฏู†ุง ูŠุงูƒู… ุชู…ุฑู†ูŠ ุฃุฏูŠูƒู… ุจุณุคุงู„ 5 ูˆ 6 ูˆ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:32:10,730 --> 00:32:21,230
1175
+ 8 ูˆ 10 ูˆ 12 ูˆ 17 ูˆ 19 ูˆ 4 ูˆ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:32:21,230 --> 00:32:30,690
1179
+ 20 ูˆ 25 ูˆ 26 ูˆ 3 ูˆ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:32:30,690 --> 00:32:39,050
1183
+ 33 ูˆ 34 ูˆ 35 ูˆ 39 ูˆ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:32:39,050 --> 00:32:39,730
1187
+ 30
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:32:44,920 --> 00:32:49,500
1191
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ุดุทูˆุจุฉ ู„ุง ู…ุด ู…ุดุทูˆุจุฉ ุฅุฐุง
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:32:49,500 --> 00:32:54,500
1195
+ ุจุชุญู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุฌุฏู‡ู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู…ุด ุบู„ุท ู„ูƒู† ุฃู†ุง
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:32:54,500 --> 00:32:59,720
1199
+ ุจู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู†ุชู‚ู†ู‡ู… ุงู†ุชู‚ุงุก ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠุบุทูˆุง ููƒุฑุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:32:59,720 --> 00:33:05,780
1203
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:33:05,780 --> 00:33:10,440
1207
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ู„ุนู„ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ููƒุฑุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู†ุญุงูˆู„
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:33:10,440 --> 00:33:15,190
1211
+ ู†ุณุชููŠุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… 14
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:33:15,190 --> 00:33:20,270
1215
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ุญู„ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ู„ุฃ ุญุงุจุฏ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:33:20,270 --> 00:33:24,710
1219
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ู„ูŠูˆู… ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ุด ู‡ุชุฑูˆุญ ุชุญู„
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:33:24,710 --> 00:33:29,690
1223
+ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ู…ุด ู‡ู†ุญู„ ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุชู†ุณุฎ ูˆู„ุง ุนู…ุฑูƒ ุจุชุณุชููŠุฏ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฏูƒ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:33:29,690 --> 00:33:34,510
1227
+ ุชููƒุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุจุนุฏ ุจูƒุฑุฉ ููŠ ุญู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ูˆ ุชุญุงูˆู„ ุชุญู„
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:33:34,510 --> 00:33:38,430
1231
+ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ุงู…ูƒุงู† ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุตุนุจ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุจุนุฏ ุจูƒุฑุฉ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:33:38,430 --> 00:33:43,610
1235
+ ุจู†ุญู„ู‡ ู…ู‡ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ูˆุงุถุญ ูƒู„ุงู… ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:33:43,610 --> 00:33:47,970
1239
+ ุจุฏูŠูƒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุฌุงู‡ุฒ ู†ูุณูƒ ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุงุดุŒ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:33:47,970 --> 00:33:51,950
1243
+ ู†ู‚ุงุด ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒูˆุง ูƒู„ูƒูˆุง ุฃูˆ ุซู„ุซ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:33:51,950 --> 00:33:56,330
1247
+ ุฑุจุงุนูƒูˆุง ุฃูˆ ู†ุตููƒูˆุง ุญุณุจ ู…ุง ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุชุงุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:33:56,330 --> 00:34:00,050
1251
+ ูƒู„ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุฃู†ุช ุชุชูˆุฌู‡ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุฅูŠุด ุฑุฃูŠูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู„ูˆูŠู†
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:34:00,050 --> 00:34:04,970
1255
+ ูˆุตู„ุช ููŠู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุญู„ุช ุฅูŠุด ูƒุฏู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุขุฎุฑู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุฎูƒ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:34:04,970 --> 00:34:10,210
1259
+ ูŠูู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฌุจุฑ ูˆ ุจุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุชู…ุดูŠ ู…ุนุงู†ุง ู…ุง ุญู„ุชุด
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:34:10,210 --> 00:34:14,250
1263
+ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู…ุฑูƒ ู…ุง ู‡ุชู…ุดูŠ ู‡ุชุถู„ูƒ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:34:14,250 --> 00:34:21,770
1267
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ู†ุนู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ุงู…ูƒุงู† ุชุญู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:34:21,770 --> 00:34:26,830
1271
+ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุชุฃูƒุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุด ู‡ุชุนุฑู ุชุญู„ู‡ู… ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู„ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:34:26,830 --> 00:34:32,350
1275
+ ุจุชุญู„ ุดูŠุก ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุฉ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:34:32,350 --> 00:34:38,670
1279
+ ู…ุง ุนุฑูู†ุงุด ู†ุญู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญ ู†ุญู„ู‡ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุฉ ุทูŠุจ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:34:38,670 --> 00:34:43,230
1283
+ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุจูƒูˆู† ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ chapter ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:34:43,230 --> 00:34:48,010
1287
+ chapter ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ chapter 3 chapter
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:34:48,010 --> 00:34:54,690
1291
+ 3 ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุงู„ subgroups ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:34:54,690 --> 00:34:59,110
1295
+ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ groups ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุงุฎุฏ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:34:59,110 --> 00:35:12,310
1299
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ chapter 3 finite groups
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:35:12,310 --> 00:35:20,390
1303
+ finite groups finite
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:35:20,390 --> 00:35:21,110
1307
+ groups finite groups finite groups finite groups
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:35:21,110 --> 00:35:22,930
1311
+ finite groups finite groups finite groups finite
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:35:22,930 --> 00:35:24,850
1315
+ groups finite groups finite groups finite groups
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:35:24,850 --> 00:35:26,470
1319
+ finite groups finite groups finite groups finite
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:35:26,470 --> 00:35:34,790
1323
+ groups finite groups ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:35:34,790 --> 00:35:40,570
1327
+ subgroups ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ order ู„ู„ group ูˆ ุงู„ order ู„ู„
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:35:40,570 --> 00:35:46,090
1331
+ element ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ group ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ุจุงู„ุจู„ุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:35:46,090 --> 00:35:50,900
1335
+ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ูƒุชุจ ู„ู‡ ุฃุฑุฏุช ุงู„ order ู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ูุฃุฐู‡ุจ ุจุนุฏ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:35:50,900 --> 00:35:56,000
1339
+ ุนู†ุงุตุฑู‡ุง ุฌุฏุงุด ุงู„ order ู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:35:56,000 --> 00:35:59,620
1343
+ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุฌุฑูˆุจ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุฑุจุน ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ุง
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:35:59,620 --> 00:36:04,480
1347
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฌุฑูˆุจ ููŠู‡ุง ุนุดุฑ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ order ู„ู‡ุง
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:36:04,480 --> 00:36:11,770
1351
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ order ู„ู„ element ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:36:11,770 --> 00:36:18,150
1355
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ group ู‡ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุนุฏุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุจุญุทู‡ ูƒ ุฃุณู„
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:36:18,150 --> 00:36:21,170
1359
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ element ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ identity
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:36:26,400 --> 00:36:29,720
1363
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุนุฏุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุนุฏุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุนุฏุฏ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:36:29,720 --> 00:36:32,280
1367
+ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุนุฏุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุนุฏุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ูˆุฌุจ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:36:32,280 --> 00:36:34,300
1371
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุนุฏุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุนุฏุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุนุฏุฏ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:36:34,300 --> 00:36:38,640
1375
+ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุนุฏุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุนุฏุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ูˆุฌุจ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:36:38,640 --> 00:36:43,420
1379
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุนุฏุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุนุฏุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุนุฏุฏ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:36:43,420 --> 00:36:45,120
1383
+ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุนุฏุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุนุฏุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ูˆุฌุจ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:36:45,120 --> 00:36:49,640
1387
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุนุฏุฏ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:36:49,640 --> 00:37:01,290
1391
+ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ูˆุฌุจ the order of G as the number
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:37:01,290 --> 00:37:08,950
1395
+ of elements
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:37:08,950 --> 00:37:18,050
1399
+ in G which is denoted by
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:37:22,800 --> 00:37:29,120
1403
+ |G| ุฌูŠู‡ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุฎุทูŠู† ูˆ ุชู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ order ู„ุฌูŠู‡ ู…ุด
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:37:29,120 --> 00:37:34,400
1407
+ absolute value ู„ุฌูŠู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ order ู„ุฌูŠู‡
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:37:34,400 --> 00:37:39,440
1411
+ command definition ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ order ู„ู„ element the
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:37:39,440 --> 00:37:53,720
1415
+ order of an element of an element ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ G
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:37:53,720 --> 00:38:04,040
1419
+ is the smallest positive
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:38:04,040 --> 00:38:07,580
1423
+ integer
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:38:37,950 --> 00:38:46,780
1427
+ ุจู†ุฑูˆุญ ู†ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ order ู„ู€ G ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ n ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:38:46,780 --> 00:38:59,960
1431
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ notes ุงู„ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ if the operation on
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:38:59,960 --> 00:39:11,100
1435
+ G is addition is addition ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน then
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:39:30,230 --> 00:39:38,950
1439
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ is the order of
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:39:38,950 --> 00:39:41,250
1443
+ the identity
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:39:42,600 --> 00:40:00,500
1447
+ element E is ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ if there is if
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:40:00,500 --> 00:40:10,380
1451
+ there is no positive integer n
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:40:11,810 --> 00:40:17,310
1455
+ such that ุงู„ู€
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:40:17,310 --> 00:40:25,310
1459
+ G to the power N ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity then ุงู„ order
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:40:25,310 --> 00:40:29,270
1463
+ ู„ู€ G is infinite
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:41:00,880 --> 00:41:05,620
1467
+ ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠููŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ู„ุงุญุธุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠููŠู†
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:41:05,620 --> 00:41:10,920
1471
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„ the order of a group G is the
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:41:10,920 --> 00:41:16,980
1475
+ number of elements in G ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠ G ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:41:16,980 --> 00:41:22,280
1479
+ ุจุชุฏุฑู…ุฒู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ุฑู…ุฒ |G| ุฌูŠู‡ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุฎุทูŠู† ู„ูŠุณุช absolute value
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:41:22,280 --> 00:41:28,140
1483
+ ู„ู€ G ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ุงู„ order ู„ู€ G ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ order ู„ู€ G ู‡ูˆ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:41:28,140 --> 00:41:33,360
1487
+ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ group ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุนุฏุฏ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:41:33,360 --> 00:41:37,960
1491
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฑู‚ู… ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒุฐู„ูƒ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:41:37,960 --> 00:41:43,760
1495
+ infinity ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุฑุฏุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ group ู‚ุฏ ุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:41:43,760 --> 00:41:48,700
1499
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ูŠูƒูˆู† finite ูˆู‚ุฏ ู„ุง ุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:41:48,700 --> 00:41:54,340
1503
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ infinite ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ R star ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:41:54,340 --> 00:41:57,760
1507
+ ู‡ูŠ set of real numbers ู„ู…ุง ุฃุดูŠู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง zero ุชุญุช
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:41:57,760 --> 00:42:01,680
1511
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ุฃูƒู… ุฃู†ุตุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุฏูŠ group ุทุจุนุง ุฃูƒู… ุฃู†ุตุฑ
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:42:01,680 --> 00:42:06,200
1515
+ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุงู„ุงู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุฅุฐุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:42:06,200 --> 00:42:11,430
1519
+ group G ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† infinite ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุฑูˆุญุช ู„
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:42:11,430 --> 00:42:17,110
1523
+ ZN ูˆ ู„ุง UN ูˆ ู„ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:42:17,110 --> 00:42:21,630
1527
+ ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง finite ุฃุฑุจุน ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุณุชุฉ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุนู†ุตุฑ ุญุณุจ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:42:21,630 --> 00:42:27,110
1531
+ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ N ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ order of an element
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:42:27,110 --> 00:42:31,850
1535
+ g ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ G is the smallest positive integer
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:42:31,850 --> 00:42:37,870
1539
+ in such that ุงู„ู€ g n ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ e ูˆู„ู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฑู…ุฒ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:42:37,870 --> 00:42:41,750
1543
+ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ู€ element g ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:42:41,750 --> 00:42:46,770
1547
+ n ุงุณุชู†ู‰ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุทูŠุจ ุฃู†ุง ุงูุชุฑุถ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุขุฎุฏ ุฃูŠ ุนู†ุตุฑ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:42:46,770 --> 00:42:52,290
1551
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ group ู…ูŠู† ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ูŠุณู…ูŠุชู‡ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุฑูุนุชู„ู‡ ุฃุณ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:42:52,290 --> 00:42:57,850
1555
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ ุงู„ู€ identity element ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€ order ู„ุฅูŠู‡
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:42:57,850 --> 00:43:05,060
1559
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุนุดุฑูŠู†ุŸ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆู‚ุฏ ู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒูŠู ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู†ุŸ ุงุญู†ุง
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:43:05,060 --> 00:43:08,600
1563
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง the smallest positive integer ูŠู…ูƒู† ููŠ ุฑู‚ู… ุชุญุช
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:43:08,600 --> 00:43:13,320
1567
+ ุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฒูŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูŠูƒูˆู† A ุฃุณ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ identity
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:43:13,320 --> 00:43:17,600
1571
+ ูุฅู† ูƒุงู† A ุฃุณ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ identity ุฅุฐุง A ุฃุณ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:43:17,600 --> 00:43:20,720
1575
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ identity A ุฃุณ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:43:20,720 --> 00:43:26,800
1579
+ identity A ุฃุณ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฑู‚ู… ุฅู† ุจุญุทู‡ ูƒุฃุณ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:43:26,800 --> 00:43:30,990
1583
+ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ element ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ identity ุฅู† ุญุฏุซ ุฐู„ูƒ
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:43:30,990 --> 00:43:35,150
1587
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ order ุชุจุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุชุจุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:43:35,150 --> 00:43:39,190
1591
+ element ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ show that the order of this
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:43:39,190 --> 00:43:45,410
1595
+ element is ูƒุฐุง ุฃูˆ ุฑู‚ู… ุชู…ุงู… ุฃุญุท ุฃุณ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ูŠุทู„ุน
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:43:45,410 --> 00:43:50,040
1599
+ ุงู„ู€ identity ู…ุง ุฃู‚ุฏุฑุด ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ order ูŠุง ุงู„ู€ order
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:43:50,040 --> 00:43:55,380
1603
+ ูŠุง ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุณุชุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†ู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฅุฌุจุงุฑูŠ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:43:55,380 --> 00:43:59,080
1607
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ order ูˆ ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:43:59,080 --> 00:44:05,000
1611
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏูŠูƒ ุชุนุฑู ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:44:05,000 --> 00:44:11,040
1615
+ element ุฃู‚ู„ ุนุฏุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุจุญุท ุฃุณ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ element
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:44:11,040 --> 00:44:15,490
1619
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Identity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ุบูŠุฑู‡ ู…ุง ู„ูŠุด ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ููŠู‡ู…
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:44:15,490 --> 00:44:21,630
1623
+ ูˆ ู‚ุฏุงู… ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ order ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู‚ุณู… ุฃูŠ ุฑู‚ู…
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:44:21,630 --> 00:44:25,490
1627
+ ุซุงู†ูŠ ูŠุญุทู‡ ูƒุฃุณู‡ ูŠุทู„ุน ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ identity ู…ุง ุนู„ูŠู†ุง
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:44:25,490 --> 00:44:29,870
1631
+ ู„ุณู‡ ุจุนูŠุฏ ุนู†ู†ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:44:29,870 --> 00:44:36,290
1635
+ element g ู‡ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ smallest ูˆ positive integer in
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:44:36,290 --> 00:44:40,290
1639
+ such that g to the power n ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ e ูˆู„ู‡
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:44:40,290 --> 00:44:46,630
1643
+ ุงู„ุฑู…ุฒ ุฌูŠ ุจูŠู† ุฎุทูŠู† ูˆู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฑู…ุฒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ g
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:44:46,630 --> 00:44:50,690
1647
+ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ู€ absolute value ู„ู€ g ุงู„ู€ absolute ู„ู„ูƒู„ ูƒู„ุงุณ ู…ุด
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:44:50,690 --> 00:44:54,930
1651
+ ู„ู„ุฌุจุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู‡ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ g ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:44:54,930 --> 00:45:00,230
1655
+ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ n ุทูŠุจ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ู€ group ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูˆูู†ุง ููŠ
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:45:00,230 --> 00:45:05,160
1659
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ group ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฌู…ุน ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:45:05,160 --> 00:45:10,780
1663
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฌู…ุน ุงูŠุด ุจุตูŠุฑ ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ element ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:45:10,780 --> 00:45:14,520
1667
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ operation ุนู„ู‰ G ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€ element
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:45:14,520 --> 00:45:19,320
1671
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ in G ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ identity element ุชุญุช ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:45:19,320 --> 00:45:23,140
1675
+ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ main ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ zero ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ G to
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:45:23,140 --> 00:45:26,840
1679
+ the power n ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ identity ุจุชุฑุฌู… ุฅู„ู‰ in G
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:45:26,840 --> 00:45:31,480
1683
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ main ุงู„ู€ zero ุจุดุฑุท ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุนู„ู‰
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:45:31,480 --> 00:45:36,980
1687
+ ุงู„ู€ group ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุทูŠุจ ุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:45:36,980 --> 00:45:41,900
1691
+ identity element ุงูŠู‡ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ู€ order ุฃุตุบุฑ
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:45:41,900 --> 00:45:46,220
1695
+ ุฑู‚ู… ุจุญุทู‡ ู„ู„ู€ g ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ู€ e ู…ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ e
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:45:46,220 --> 00:45:50,880
1699
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€ order ู„ุฃูŠ identity
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:45:50,880 --> 00:45:53,600
1703
+ element ู…ู‡ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ group
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:46:11,020 --> 00:46:19,800
1707
+ ู„ูˆ ู„ู… ุฃุฌุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ูุฃุถุนู‡ ูƒุฃุณู‡ g ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู€ identity
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:46:19,800 --> 00:46:25,040
1711
+ elementูŠู‚ูˆู„ g ุฃุณ ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุทู„ุนุด ุงู„ู€ identity element
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:46:25,040 --> 00:46:29,100
1715
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ g ุฃุณ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ู…ุง ุทู„ุนุด ุงู„ู€ identity ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠุฌูŠ
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:46:29,100 --> 00:46:32,740
1719
+ ุฐุงู„ูƒ ุฑู‚ู… ู…ุง ูŠุทู„ุนุด ุงู„ู€ identity element ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:46:32,740 --> 00:46:37,820
1723
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ g ู‚ุฏุงุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุงู„ุงู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:46:37,820 --> 00:46:42,880
1727
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ element ู‡ุฐุง is of infinite order ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:46:42,880 --> 00:46:48,820
1731
+ order ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ element ุจูŠูƒูˆู† infinite ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชุณุชุบุฑุจูˆุง
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:46:48,820 --> 00:46:53,000
1735
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ groups
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:46:53,000 --> 00:46:57,720
1739
+ element ุฃุฎุฐู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ group ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู‡ finite ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:46:57,720 --> 00:47:01,520
1743
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุฌุฏ ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง element ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู‡
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:47:01,520 --> 00:47:07,120
1747
+ finite ุฃุถุฑุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ู€ order infinite
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:47:09,630 --> 00:47:13,130
1751
+ ุทุจุนุง ุฃู†ุช ู…ุด ุชุบุฑุจูŠู† ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุนุทูŠูƒู… ู…ุซุงู„ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:47:13,130 --> 00:47:16,830
1755
+ ู†ูˆุถุญ ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู† ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:47:16,830 --> 00:47:21,470
1759
+ element finite ูˆุงู„ู€ order ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ finite ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:47:21,470 --> 00:47:25,030
1763
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุจุงู„ู€ operation start ุทู„ุน element ุฌุฏูŠุฏ
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:47:25,030 --> 00:47:29,910
1767
+ ุงู„ู€ element ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู„ูŠุณ ุจุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† finite ูˆุฑุจู…ุง
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:47:29,910 --> 00:47:36,270
1771
+ infinite ูˆุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุตููˆูุงุช ุทูŠุจ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุงุฎุฏ
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:47:36,270 --> 00:47:42,220
1775
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ู…ุดุงู† ูŠุซุจุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:47:42,220 --> 00:47:50,340
1779
+ ูˆู„ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ุซุงู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ examples ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุซุงู„
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:47:50,340 --> 00:47:59,440
1783
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ let ุงู„ู€ G ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ U 15 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏู†ุง ุนู†ุงุตุฑ
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:47:59,440 --> 00:48:05,120
1787
+ ุงู„ู€ U 15 ุดุจู‡ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ 1 ูˆุงู„ู€ 2 ูˆุงู„ู€ 3 ู…ู†ู‡ู…
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:48:05,960 --> 00:48:16,160
1791
+ ุงู„ู€ 4 ูˆุงู„ู€ 5 ูˆุงู„ู€ 6 ูˆุงู„ู€ 7 ูˆุงู„ู€ 8 ูˆุงู„ู€ 9 ูˆุงู„ู€ 10
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:48:16,160 --> 00:48:25,120
1795
+ ุงู„ู€ 11 ูˆุงู„ู€ 12 ูˆุงู„ู€ 13 ูˆูƒู…ุงู† 14 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุงูŠ
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:48:25,120 --> 00:48:32,240
1799
+ ูƒุชุจุชู„ู‡ ุงู„ู€ U 15 ุทูŠุจ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ U
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:48:32,240 --> 00:48:38,520
1803
+ 15 ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ 15 ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃุŒ ูˆุด ุฌุงุจ ุงู„ู€ 5ุŸ ุนุฏ
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:48:38,520 --> 00:48:41,640
1807
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ 1ุŒ 2ุŒ 3ุŒ 4ุŒ 5ุŒ 6ุŒ
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:48:41,640 --> 00:48:46,220
1811
+ 7ุŒ 8 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฌูŠุจู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 8
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:48:46,220 --> 00:48:53,560
1815
+ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‚ุฏุงุดุŸ
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:48:53,560 --> 00:48:57,500
1819
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ identity element ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ order
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:48:57,500 --> 00:49:03,630
1823
+ ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทูŠุจ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ูŠุชู†ูŠู†๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุดูˆู ุนุงุฏ
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:49:03,630 --> 00:49:07,570
1827
+ ู†ุถุฑุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ู†ูุณู‡ ูƒุงู… ู…ุฑุฉ ุญุชู‰ ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:49:07,570 --> 00:49:11,230
1831
+ identity element ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ 2
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:49:11,230 --> 00:49:19,370
1835
+ ููŠ 2 ููŠ 2 ุงุณุงุณ 4 ููŠ 2 ุจ 8 ููŠ
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:49:19,370 --> 00:49:24,070
1839
+ 2 ุจ 16 ุดูŠู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ 15 ุจุถู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:49:24,070 --> 00:49:29,400
1843
+ ุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุฏูŠุด 4 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:49:29,400 --> 00:49:36,220
1847
+ 2 ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 4 because ุดูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุฅู† 2 ุฃุณ
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:49:36,220 --> 00:49:42,660
1851
+ 1 ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 2 2 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 4
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:49:42,660 --> 00:49:49,020
1855
+ ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 8 2 ุฃุณ 4 ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 16
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:49:49,020 --> 00:49:55,150
1859
+ modulo 15 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 1 ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:49:55,150 --> 00:50:00,770
1863
+ ุฃุนุทูŠูƒ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ูŠุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ูˆ 4 ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ order
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:50:00,770 --> 00:50:08,110
1867
+ ู„ู€ 4 similarly ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ 4 ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 2
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:50:08,110 --> 00:50:13,750
1871
+ ู„ูŠุด ู„ุฅู†ู‡ 4 ููŠ 4 ุจ 16 modulo 15 ุจ 1
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:50:13,750 --> 00:50:17,870
1875
+ ุนู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจ 2 ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฑูˆุญุชูŠ ูˆู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒ ุงู„ู€ order ู„
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:50:17,870 --> 00:50:27,030
1879
+ 7 ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท 7 ุฃุณ 1
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:50:27,030 --> 00:50:30,290
1883
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:50:30,290 --> 00:50:36,770
1887
+ 7 ู‡ูˆ 7 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 49 modulo
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:50:36,770 --> 00:50:43,200
1891
+ 15 15 ููŠ 3 ุจ 45 ูŠุทู„ุน 4 ุทูŠุจ
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:50:43,200 --> 00:50:50,160
1895
+ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒ 7 ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 7 ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:50:50,160 --> 00:50:55,770
1899
+ 4 modulo 15 4 ููŠ 7 ุจ 28
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:50:55,770 --> 00:50:57,190
1903
+ 28 28 28 28
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:50:57,190 --> 00:51:01,690
1907
+ 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:51:01,690 --> 00:51:06,870
1911
+ 28 28
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:51:06,870 --> 00:51:10,250
1915
+ 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:51:10,250 --> 00:51:10,430
1919
+ 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:51:10,430 --> 00:51:11,310
1923
+ 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:51:11,310 --> 00:51:11,770
1927
+ 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:51:11,770 --> 00:51:14,370
1931
+ 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:51:14,370 --> 00:51:21,670
1935
+ 28 28 28 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ order ู„
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:51:21,670 --> 00:51:28,430
1939
+ 7 ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 4 ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุทูŠุจ
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:51:28,430 --> 00:51:35,250
1943
+ ุงู„ู€ 8 8 ููŠ 8 ุจ 64 ุดูŠู„ ุงู„ู€ 60
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:51:35,250 --> 00:51:39,810
1947
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุถุงุนู ู„ู€ 15 ุจุชุธู„ 4 ููŠ 8 ุจ 32 ูˆ
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:51:39,810 --> 00:51:45,130
1951
+ 30 ุดูŠู„ 30 ุจุชุธู„ 2 ููŠ 8 ุจ 16 ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:51:45,130 --> 00:51:51,460
1955
+ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ 8 ุจู‚ุฏุงุด 4 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ similarly ูƒู…ุงู†
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:51:51,460 --> 00:52:00,140
1959
+ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ 8 ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ 4 ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุทูŠุจ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุณุฃู„
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:52:00,140 --> 00:52:06,740
1963
+ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู€ 11 11
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:52:06,740 --> 00:52:14,040
1967
+ ูˆ 11 121 121 ู…ุด ุจุชูƒุณุจู‡ุง 15 ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชูƒุณุจู‡ุง 30 ูˆ 30
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:52:14,040 --> 00:52:20,250
1971
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ 1 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ุฅุญุฏุงุด ู‡ูˆ 2 ูˆุงู„
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:52:20,250 --> 00:52:27,710
1975
+ order ู„ู„ุฅุญุฏุงุด ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 2 ูู‚ุท ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ูŠู„ุง ุจู†ูƒู…ู„
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:52:27,710 --> 00:52:29,070
1979
+ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุธู‡ุฑ
PL9fwy3NUQKwZKOpj354PRgwYPWWgxchnI/W89d5Az0ySQ.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1687 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,260 --> 00:00:26,820
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู†ุนูˆุฏ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅูƒู…ุงู„ ู…ุง
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:26,820 --> 00:00:34,400
7
+ ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ุจู‡ ุญูŠุซ ุชุฑูƒุชูƒู… ุจุนุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู€ chapter
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:34,400 --> 00:00:39,120
11
+ subgroups ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ู…ุญู…ูˆุฏ ุดุฑุญ ู„ูƒู… chapterูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:39,120 --> 00:00:43,660
15
+ ุงู„ู€ cyclic groups ูˆ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู€ permutations groups ุฅุฐุง
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:43,660 --> 00:00:48,250
19
+ ู†ุตู„ ุงู„ุขู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ isomorphism ุจุงู„ุจู„ุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ู€
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:48,250 --> 00:00:52,770
23
+ isomorphism ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† function ุจุณ ู…ุด ู…ุง ุจูŠู† two
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:52,770 --> 00:00:57,810
27
+ sets ู…ุง ุจูŠู† two groups ุจุฏู‡ ุชุญู‚ู‚ ู„ูŠู‡ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุดุฑูˆุท
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:57,810 --> 00:01:03,710
31
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ function ูˆุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฏู‡ ุชุญู‚ู‚ ุซู„ุงุซ ุดุฑูˆุท
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:03,710 --> 00:01:07,210
35
+ ุงู„ุดุฑุท ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ function ุจุฏู‡ ุชุจู‚ู‰ one to one
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:07,210 --> 00:01:12,510
39
+ ุงู„ุดุฑุท ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ุชุจู‚ู‰ onto ุงู„ุดุฑุท ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุจุฏู‡ ุชุญู‚ู‚
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:12,510 --> 00:01:18,350
43
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ุงูŠุฒูˆ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:18,350 --> 00:01:25,110
47
+ ู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… isomorphism ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุชุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ู…ุงุทูŠ ุฃูˆ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:25,110 --> 00:01:29,690
51
+ ุงู„ุชุดุงุจู‡ ุงู„ู†ู…ุงุทูŠ ูˆู„ุงู† ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู†
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:29,690 --> 00:01:34,230
55
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ ุจุณ ุงุตุจุฑ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ุงูŠุฒูˆ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:34,230 --> 00:01:39,930
59
+ ู…ูˆุฑูุฒู… ููŠ ุญุฏูŠู„ู‡ ุฑู…ุฒ ููŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ group ุฌูŠ ู„ู€ group ุฌูŠ ุจุงุฑ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:39,930 --> 00:01:46,130
63
+ is one to one function ูŠุจู‚ู‰ function ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ one to
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:46,130 --> 00:01:52,110
67
+ one from ุฌูŠ onto ุฌูŠ ุจุงุฑ ู…ุด to ุฌูŠ ุจุงุฑ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ onto
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:52,110 --> 00:02:00,700
71
+ onto ุฌูŠ ุจุงุฑ such that ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€Phi of A ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:02:00,700 --> 00:02:05,360
75
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Phi of A ููŠ Phi of B ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€Phi ุนู„ู‰
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:05,360 --> 00:02:09,820
79
+ ุญุงุตู„ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ู€two elements A ูˆB ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:09,820 --> 00:02:15,160
83
+ ุงู„ู€Phi ุนู„ูŠ A ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุง ููŠ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€Phi ุนู„ูŠ B ุฏูŠ ุฑุจุงู„ูƒ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:15,160 --> 00:02:21,100
87
+ ุจุฏูŠูู‡ู… ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ูƒูŠู ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุขู†
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:21,100 --> 00:02:26,040
91
+ ุงู„ู€A ูˆ ุงู„ู€B ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุชุŸ ููŠ ุฌูŠ ุฌูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง operation
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:26,040 --> 00:02:30,380
95
+ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ operation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌูŠ ุจุงุฑ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงู‚ูˆู„
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:30,380 --> 00:02:36,060
99
+ a ุจูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… operation ุชุจุนุช ู…ู† ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู€ ุฌูŠ ู„ูƒู†
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:36,060 --> 00:02:39,760
103
+ ู„ู…ุง ุงู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ of ุง ููŠ ููŠ of ุจูŠ ุงู„ู€ operation ุงู„ู„ูŠ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:39,760 --> 00:02:45,450
107
+ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ operation ุชุจุนุช ู…ู† ุชุจุนุช ุฌูŠ ุจุงุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุงู‚ูˆู„
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:45,450 --> 00:02:51,450
111
+ two elements ููŠ ุฌูŠ ุจุงุฑ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ a ูˆb two elements ููŠ g
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:51,450 --> 00:02:59,990
115
+ ู„ู…ุง ุงู‚ูˆู„ a ููŠ b ุงู„ู€ operation ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:59,990 --> 00:03:07,230
119
+ ุชุจุนุช ุฌูŠ ุจุงุฑ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† five ู…ู† ุฌูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌูŠ ุจุงุฑ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:07,230 --> 00:03:12,010
123
+ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† isomorphism ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุนู† ุฌูŠ ูˆ ุฌูŠ ุจุงุฑ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:12,010 --> 00:03:17,810
127
+ are isomorphic ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ two groups ุฏูˆู„ ููŠ ุชุดุงุจู‡
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:17,810 --> 00:03:25,810
131
+ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุŒ ุชุดุงุจู‡ ู†ู…ุงุทูŠุŒ ุชุดุงูƒู„ ู†ู…ุงุทูŠ ููŠู…ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ูˆุจุงูƒุชุจ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:25,810 --> 00:03:32,410
135
+ ุงู„ู€ isomorphism ู…ุด ุจุงูƒุชุจู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุจุงูƒุชุจู‡ ุฌูŠ ูˆ ุฎุทูŠู†
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:32,410 --> 00:03:38,090
139
+ ู…ุชุนุฑุฌูŠู† ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุงุฏู‰ ุฌูŠ ุจุงุฑ ูˆ ุชู‚ุฑุง ุฌูŠ isomorphic ู„ู€
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:38,090 --> 00:03:44,030
143
+ ุฌูŠ ุจุงุฑ ุทูŠุจ ุจุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนู†ู‰ isomorphism
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:44,030 --> 00:03:49,690
147
+ ุฃูˆ G isomorphic ู„ู€ G bar ู„ุงุญุธ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ู„ู…ุง
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:49,690 --> 00:03:53,750
151
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ group ู‡ุฐูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ group ู‡ุฐูŠ ููŠ function ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:53,750 --> 00:03:59,510
155
+ one to one and onto ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ู„ ุณูŠุฎุชู„ู ุนุฏุฏ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:59,510 --> 00:04:03,150
159
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ group ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุนู† ุนุฏุฏ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู€ group
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:04:03,150 --> 00:04:10,130
163
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŸ ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุŸ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฅู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู€
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:10,130 --> 00:04:15,110
167
+ domain ุจูŠุบุทูŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุฌูŠ ู…ุฏุงู… ุฃู†ุช ุจูŠุบุทูŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:15,110 --> 00:04:20,210
171
+ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุฌูŠ ุจุงุฑ ูˆ ู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู†ุฏูŠ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:20,210 --> 00:04:26,050
175
+ ุนุฏุฏ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุฌูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุฌูŠ ุจุงุฑ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ subgroup
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:26,050 --> 00:04:31,910
179
+ ููŠ G ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ subgroup ููŠ G bar ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:31,910 --> 00:04:37,050
183
+ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ order ููŠ G ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:37,050 --> 00:04:42,690
187
+ ู„ู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ order ู…ู† G bar ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ 6 ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู€
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:42,690 --> 00:04:49,410
191
+ order ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 4 ููŠ G ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุฌุฏ 6 ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู€ order ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 4
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:49,410 --> 00:04:54,770
195
+ ููŠ G bar ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ 10 ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠ G ุงู„ู€ order ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 2
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:54,770 --> 00:05:03,380
199
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุฌุฏ 10 ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠ G bar ุงู„ู€ order ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 2 ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:05:03,380 --> 00:05:07,680
203
+ ุงู„ู€ group Cyclic ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ Cyclic ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช Abelian
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:07,680 --> 00:05:11,900
207
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ Abelian ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุงู„ุจู„ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ two
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:11,900 --> 00:05:16,460
211
+ groups ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:16,460 --> 00:05:21,950
215
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุชุนุฑูู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ group ูŠู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:21,950 --> 00:05:25,830
219
+ ุงู„ุฑูŠูƒูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ูŠู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐูŠ non
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:25,830 --> 00:05:29,650
223
+ -abelian ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ non-abelian ู…ุชู†ูุนุด ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:29,650 --> 00:05:33,450
227
+ cyclic ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ abelian ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:33,450 --> 00:05:38,090
231
+ finite ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ infinite ุจุฑุถู‡ ู„ุฃ ู„ูˆ ููŠู‡ุง ุนุฏุฏ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:38,090 --> 00:05:41,970
235
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ infinite ุจุฌู‡ุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุนุฏุฏ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ infinite
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:41,970 --> 00:05:46,530
239
+ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ isomorphism ู…ุง ุจูŠู†
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:46,530 --> 00:05:50,470
243
+ two groups ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ two groups ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ู… ุฌู…ูŠุน
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:50,470 --> 00:05:55,190
247
+ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:55,190 --> 00:05:59,230
251
+ ุงู„ู€ group ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุชู†ุทุจู‚ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ group ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆุฅู†
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:59,230 --> 00:06:04,650
255
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ binary
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:04,650 --> 00:06:07,810
259
+ operation ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ู€ binary operation
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:07,810 --> 00:06:12,650
263
+ ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ group ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุงูŠู‡
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:12,650 --> 00:06:16,890
267
+ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุชุฑุณุฎู‡ ููŠ ุฏู…ุงุบูƒ ุนู† ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ู€
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:16,890 --> 00:06:22,690
271
+ isomorphism ุฃุธู† ูˆุงุถุญ ูƒู„ุงู…ูŠ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู†
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:22,690 --> 00:06:29,670
275
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ isomorphism ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุซุงู„ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ define a
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:29,670 --> 00:06:40,890
279
+ function define a function ูุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ R ุชุญุช ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:40,890 --> 00:06:53,750
283
+ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ู„ู€ R plus ุชุญุช ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ุจุงูŠ ูุงูŠ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:53,750 --> 00:07:00,310
287
+ of X ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 2 to the power X ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ X ุงู„ู„ูŠ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:07:00,310 --> 00:07:18,440
291
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ R ู‡ู†ุง show that phi is an isomorphism ู…ุฑุฉ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:07:18,440 --> 00:07:24,940
295
+ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุฃุฑุจุน ุดุฑูˆุท ู„ู„ุงูŠุฒู…ูˆุฑูุฒูŠุฉ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:24,940 --> 00:07:28,960
299
+ function ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ู€ function one to one ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ู€
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:28,960 --> 00:07:32,000
303
+ function one to .. ุงู„ู€ function ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชุญู‚ู‚
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:32,000 --> 00:07:37,540
307
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุงุŸ ุทูŠุจ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ define a function
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:37,540 --> 00:07:41,900
311
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฑูŠุญู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฑุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ ุฎุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:41,900 --> 00:07:47,980
315
+ function ู‡ุฐู‡ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู…ู† R ุชุญุช ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ R
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:47,980 --> 00:07:53,100
319
+ Plus ุชุญุช ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:53,100 --> 00:07:58,500
323
+ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุจู„ุง ุงุณุชุซู†ุงุก ุชุญุช ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:58,500 --> 00:08:04,520
327
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ูู‚ุท ุชุญุช ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:08:04,520 --> 00:08:10,100
331
+ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ู‚ุงู„ ูŠุนุฑู ุงู„ู€ function Phi of X ุจุฏู„ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 2X ู„ูƒู„
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:08:10,100 --> 00:08:16,160
335
+ X ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ R ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณุฃู„ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู€
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:08:16,160 --> 00:08:21,920
339
+ function ู‡ุฐูŠ ูุนู„ุง ู‡ุฐูŠ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู…ู† R ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:08:21,920 --> 00:08:27,680
343
+ ุฅู„ู‰ R plus ุชุญุช ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ุฃู… ู„ุง ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ X
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:08:27,680 --> 00:08:33,230
347
+ ู‡ุฐูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:33,230 --> 00:08:39,370
351
+ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุตูุฑ ุชู…ุงู… ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุตูˆุช ุตูˆุช 2 to the power
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:39,370 --> 00:08:44,150
355
+ X ู‡ู„ 2 to the power X ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ R plus ูŠุนู†ูŠ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:44,150 --> 00:08:48,550
359
+ 2 to the power X ู„ุง ุจุชุงุฎุฏ Zero ูˆู„ุง ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:48,550 --> 00:08:55,030
363
+ ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ exponential function ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูˆุฃุจุฏุง
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:55,030 --> 00:09:01,410
367
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† Zero ุนู…ุฑู‡ุง ู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† Zero ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† U of
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:09:01,410 --> 00:09:06,290
371
+ X ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ A to the power X ู„ูˆ ุฑุฌุนุช ู„ุฑุณู…ุชู‡ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุง
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:09:06,290 --> 00:09:10,950
375
+ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญูˆุฑ X ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† Zero ุฅุฐุง ูƒู„ุงู…ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:09:10,950 --> 00:09:15,790
379
+ ุชุนุฑูŠูู†ุง ุณู„ูŠู… ู…ุงุฆุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงูŠุด ุถุงูŠู„ ุนู„ูŠู†ุงุŸ one
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:09:15,790 --> 00:09:20,260
383
+ to one and one to one ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู…ุจุงุฏุฆ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุง
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:09:20,260 --> 00:09:24,980
387
+ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ one to one ุจุงู„ุจู„ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ุตูˆุฑ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:09:24,980 --> 00:09:29,940
391
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช x1 ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ x2 ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู† ุงู„ู€
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:09:29,940 --> 00:09:34,720
395
+ f of x1 ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ f of x2 ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ contrapositive
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:34,720 --> 00:09:40,040
399
+ ุงูŠู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ f of x1 ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ f of x2 ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:40,040 --> 00:09:45,620
403
+ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ x1 ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ x2 ุฅู† ุญุฏุซ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ function one
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:45,620 --> 00:09:51,490
407
+ to one ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ููŠ is one to
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:51,490 --> 00:09:58,890
411
+ one ู…ุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ assume ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ main ููŠ of
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:58,890 --> 00:10:05,680
415
+ x ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠ of y ุฅุฐุง ู‚ุฑุฑุช ุฃุซุจุช ู„ู‡ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ X ุจุฏู‡ุง
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:10:05,680 --> 00:10:10,740
419
+ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ Y ุจูŠุชู… ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุทูŠุจ ูุงูŠ ุฃูˆู X ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจุŸ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:10:10,740 --> 00:10:19,390
423
+ 2 ุฃุต X ูุงูŠ ุฃูˆู Y 2 ุฃุต Y ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู†
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:10:19,390 --> 00:10:25,070
427
+ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠู† ูˆุชุชุณุงูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณุงุช ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:10:25,070 --> 00:10:30,490
431
+ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุนุฌุจูˆุด ูƒู„ุงู…ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ุฎุฏ ู„ู† ู„ู„ุทุฑููŠู† ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ ู…ุงุดูŠ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:10:30,490 --> 00:10:37,570
435
+ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ู„ู† ู„ู„ุทุฑููŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ X ููŠ ู„ู† 2 ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Y ููŠ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:10:37,570 --> 00:10:42,540
439
+ ู„ู† 2 ู„ูˆ ู‚ุณู…ู†ุง ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ ln 2 ู‡ุฐุง
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:10:42,540 --> 00:10:48,720
443
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ X ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ Y ู…ุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ X ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:10:48,720 --> 00:10:54,240
447
+ Y ูŠุจู‚ู‰ Phi is one to one ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุซุจุช ุฅู†
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:10:54,240 --> 00:11:02,810
451
+ Phi is onto ู…ุด ู‡ู†ุซุจุช ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ is onto ุจุถุฑูˆุญู‡ ุขุฎุฏ ุนู†ุตุฑ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:11:02,810 --> 00:11:09,970
455
+ ููŠ R plus ูˆุฃุซุจุช ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู‡ ุงุตู„ ููŠ R ุฅู† ุญุฏุซ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุตูŠุฑ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:11:09,970 --> 00:11:16,190
459
+ ุงู„ู€ Phi is onto ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฌูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ ู„ุงุชูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Y
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:11:16,190 --> 00:11:23,610
463
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ R plus ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€Y ู‡ุฐูŠ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€0 ูˆู„ุง
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:11:23,610 --> 00:11:31,690
467
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€0ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€0
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:11:31,690 --> 00:11:38,890
471
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€Y ู‡ุฐูŠ ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ู…ุฏุงู… ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€log Y
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:11:38,890 --> 00:11:45,980
475
+ ู„ู„ุฃุณุงุณ 2 exist ูˆู„ุง does not existุŸ exist ู„ุฃู†
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:11:45,980 --> 00:11:50,920
479
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆุบุงุฑูŠุชู… ู…ุด ู…ุนุฑู ุฅู„ุง ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:11:50,920 --> 00:11:56,700
483
+ Y ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ R ุจุตูŠุฑ ูƒู„ุงู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงู„ู‡ ู…ุด ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ุฃู†ู‡
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:11:56,700 --> 00:12:00,460
487
+ ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† exist ูˆู‚ุฏ ู„ุง ุชูƒูˆู† exist ู„ูƒู† ูƒูˆู†ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:12:00,460 --> 00:12:07,980
491
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง exist ู…ุฏุงู… exist ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุฃุณู…ูŠ ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:12:07,980 --> 00:12:15,300
495
+ ู„ุบุฉ Y ู„ู„ุฃุณุงุณ 2 ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณู…ูŠ X ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุฑุฌุนู†ุง ู„ู€
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:12:15,300 --> 00:12:20,720
499
+ calculus P ุจุฏูŠ ุงูƒุชุจ ุงู„ู€ log ุจุฏู„ุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ ln ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:12:20,720 --> 00:12:29,140
503
+ len y ุนู„ู‰ len 2 ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ x ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจู†ุง ุถุฑุจ ุชุจุงุฏู„
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:12:29,140 --> 00:12:38,330
507
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ len y ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ x ููŠ len 2 ู„ูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:12:38,330 --> 00:12:46,830
511
+ len ูŠุจู‚ู‰ len y ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ len ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฃุณ x ู…ุธุจูˆุท
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:12:46,830 --> 00:12:54,010
515
+ ุฃูŠู‡ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฑูุนุช ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูƒุฃุณ ู„ู„ุนุฏุฏ ุฃูŠู‡ุŸ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:12:54,010 --> 00:13:00,450
519
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ y ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฃุณ x ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฃุณ x ู…ูŠู†
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:13:00,450 --> 00:13:07,680
523
+ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ู…ุด ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† five of x ุฅุฐุง ุฃูŠ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:13:07,680 --> 00:13:15,560
527
+ element y ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ R ุจู„ุณ ู„ุฅู†ู‘ ุฃุตู„ x ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:13:15,560 --> 00:13:20,180
531
+ ุงู„ู€ R ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ู€ R ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ R ุทูŠุจ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:13:20,180 --> 00:13:23,740
535
+ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ condition ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ condition
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:13:23,740 --> 00:13:30,140
539
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ x ูˆ y ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:13:30,140 --> 00:13:38,720
543
+ ุงู„ู€ R then ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎุฏ ููŠ of ุฎู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ูƒ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎุฏ x ููŠ y
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:13:38,720 --> 00:13:45,420
547
+ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ x ุฒุงุฆุฏ y ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ operation ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ operation
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:13:45,420 --> 00:13:49,040
551
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ group ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ operation ุงู„ู„ูŠ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:13:49,040 --> 00:13:57,560
555
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ููŠ x ุฒุงุฆุฏ y ูˆู„ูŠุณุช x ููŠ y ู„ุฃู†ู‘
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:13:57,560 --> 00:14:01,320
559
+ ุงู„ operation ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ a ูˆ ุงู„ b ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ operation
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:14:01,320 --> 00:14:04,740
563
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ operation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:14:04,740 --> 00:14:11,460
567
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู„ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:14:11,460 --> 00:14:21,020
571
+ ุฃุณ x ุฒุงุฆุฏ y ุฃูˆ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฃุณ x ููŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฃุณ y ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:14:21,020 --> 00:14:26,120
575
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงู‹ ูƒู„ุงู… ุณู„ูŠู… 100% ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:14:26,120 --> 00:14:29,760
579
+ ุตู„ุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุถุฑุจ ูˆู„ูŠุณุช ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฌู…ุน
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:14:38,750 --> 00:14:43,910
583
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุญู‚ู‚ ุงู„ condition main ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:14:43,910 --> 00:14:54,690
587
+ ฯ† is an isomorphism ฯ† is an isomorphism ุฃุญุฏ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:14:54,690 --> 00:15:03,350
591
+ ูŠู„ู‚ูŠ ุชุณุงุคู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู„ูŠ ุตูˆุชูƒ ุจุณ ุงู‡
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:15:04,080 --> 00:15:09,060
595
+ ู„ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ุบุฉ why ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุงุซู†ูŠู† exist ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‘ y
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:15:09,060 --> 00:15:16,420
599
+ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุตูุฑ ุฃูˆ ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ูุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:15:16,420 --> 00:15:22,220
603
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฑู‚ู… ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ู„ู„ุฃุณุงุณ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:15:22,220 --> 00:15:28,230
607
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู„ูŠุด ุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŸ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุชุนู…ุฏ ุฃุฎุฐ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู„ุฃู†ู‘ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:15:28,230 --> 00:15:33,650
611
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ five of x ุตุงุฑุช ุซู„ุงุซุฉ of x ุณูˆู ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ while
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:15:33,650 --> 00:15:37,270
615
+ ุฃุณุงุณ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุณูˆู ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ ุฃุณุงุณ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:15:37,270 --> 00:15:44,070
619
+ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ู„ูƒูŠ ู†ุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† of x ุฎู„ุงุต ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ู„ูŠุด ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:15:44,070 --> 00:15:50,430
623
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ exist ู„ุฃู†ู‘ ู‡ุฐู‡ greater than zero ูˆ ุฑูˆุญุช
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:15:50,430 --> 00:15:55,770
627
+ ู‚ู„ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ ุนุฏุฏ ุฃูŠุด ู…ุง ุชุทู„ุน ุณู…ูŠุชู‡ุง x ุชู…ุงู… ุนู…ู„ุช
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:15:55,770 --> 00:15:59,490
631
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠ ุชุจุน ุงู„ calculus ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ูˆุตู„ุช ู„ู…ูŠู†
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:15:59,490 --> 00:16:05,730
635
+ ูˆุตู„ุช ู„ู„ y ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 2 ูˆ 6 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ฯ† of x ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ุฃุฎุฐ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:16:05,730 --> 00:16:10,430
639
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุซุงู„ ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:16:13,030 --> 00:16:20,950
643
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ let g be a cyclic group let g be a cyclic
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:16:20,950 --> 00:16:39,430
647
+ group of order n of order n let g bar ุตุงุฑุช z n of
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:16:42,960 --> 00:16:52,120
651
+ ุฃุซุจุช ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ู€ G isomorphic ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู€ ZN G
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:16:52,120 --> 00:17:06,000
655
+ isomorphic ู„ ZN ู†ุฑุฌุน
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:17:06,000 --> 00:17:10,920
659
+ ู„ุณุคุงู„ู†ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ูŠุงุฎุฐ ุงู„ู€G ุงู„ู€cyclic group
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:17:10,920 --> 00:17:16,800
663
+ ุงู„ู€order ู„ู‡ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ m ู…ุงุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€cyclic ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:17:16,800 --> 00:17:23,380
667
+ ููŠู‡ุง ูƒู… generatorุŸ ุงุซู†ูŠู† generator ูˆู…ุนูƒุณู‡ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:17:23,380 --> 00:17:28,720
671
+ ู…ุง ุจู†ุงุด ุงู„ู…ุนูƒุณ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ูƒููŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูุชุฑุถ ุฃู†ู‘ ููŠู‡ุง
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:17:28,720 --> 00:17:36,820
675
+ generator ูˆู„ูŠูƒู† a ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ since ุงู„ู€G is
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:17:36,820 --> 00:17:45,160
679
+ cyclic ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุญู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ู€ G ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:17:45,160 --> 00:17:51,560
683
+ identity ูˆ ุงู„ a ูˆ ุงู„ a ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูˆ ู†ุธู„ ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:17:51,560 --> 00:17:58,490
687
+ ุงู„ a m ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ one ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูƒู…ุง ูู‡ู…ุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุทุฑ ู‚ุจู„
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:17:58,490 --> 00:18:04,850
691
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ ุงู„ู€cyclic subgroups ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุฅู†ู‘ู‡ุง group
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:18:04,850 --> 00:18:09,770
695
+ generated by a ู…ูƒุชูˆุจุฉ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุงูŠ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:18:09,770 --> 00:18:14,690
699
+ ุงู„ู€cyclic group ูˆ ุงู„ order ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ n ุงู„ element
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:18:14,690 --> 00:18:20,550
703
+ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑ ูŠุตูŠุฑ am ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุฃู†ู‘ an ุจุฏูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:18:20,550 --> 00:18:28,430
707
+ identity element ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ ุฎุฐ ุงู„ุฌูŠุจุงุฑ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ZN ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:18:28,430 --> 00:18:32,890
711
+ ุฃุณุฃู„ูƒู… ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ZN ุงู„ operation ุงู„๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:18:32,890 --> 00:18:37,750
715
+ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ูˆู„ุง ุถุฑุจ ุญุณุจ ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฐู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ groups
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:18:37,750 --> 00:18:42,170
719
+ ุฌุงู…ุน ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ุฃุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ุญุท ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ูŠุฏูƒ ููŠ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:18:42,170 --> 00:18:49,150
723
+ ุฏู…ุงุบูƒ ู„ุฃู†ู‘ ุฌุงู…ุน ู…ูˆุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆ n ูƒู„ n ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:18:49,760 --> 00:18:54,400
727
+ ุทุจ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ู‘ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงูŠุฒูˆ ู…ูˆุฑููƒุช
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:18:54,400 --> 00:18:59,380
731
+ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุฃุนุฑู function ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:18:59,380 --> 00:19:03,740
735
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆู†ุดูˆู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ function ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ one
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:19:03,740 --> 00:19:07,560
739
+ to one ูˆ one to two ุจุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:19:07,560 --> 00:19:10,460
743
+ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ define
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:19:13,750 --> 00:19:24,190
747
+ function ฯ† ู…ู† g ุฅู„ู‰ z n ุจุงูŠ ุนุดุงู† ุชุจู‚ู‰ function
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:19:24,190 --> 00:19:29,090
751
+ ุชุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ g ู…ู† g a ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:19:29,090 --> 00:19:36,530
755
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง a ุงู„ power ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a to
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:19:36,530 --> 00:19:43,510
759
+ the power k ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุทุจุนุงู‹ k ู…ุญุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ zero ูˆ ู…ุง
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:19:43,510 --> 00:19:48,370
763
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ n ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ one ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ zero ูˆ ู…ุง
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:19:48,370 --> 00:19:52,890
767
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ n ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ one ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:19:52,890 --> 00:20:01,030
771
+ ุนู†ุตุฑ ููŠ z n ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ k itself ูˆ ุงู„ k ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:20:01,030 --> 00:20:06,030
775
+ ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ zero ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† n ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:20:06,030 --> 00:20:15,340
779
+ ุบู„ุทุŸ ุตุญ 100% ู„ุฃู†ู‘ k ู…ุญุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ zero ูˆ ุงู„ n ูŠุจู‚ู‰
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:20:15,340 --> 00:20:22,330
783
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ak ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ element ู…ู† z n
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:20:22,330 --> 00:20:30,610
787
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‘ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู€ z n 0,1,2,3 ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ n ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ู€ 1 ู…ุธุจูˆุท
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:20:30,610 --> 00:20:35,390
791
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุณู„ูŠู… ู…ุงุฆุฉ ู…ุงุฆุฉ ูƒ function ุงู„ุขู†
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:20:35,390 --> 00:20:41,840
795
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู†ู‘ ู‡ุฐู‡ one to one ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ู„ู‡ ุฃู†ู‘ ฯ†
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:20:41,840 --> 00:20:47,960
799
+ is one to one ู…ุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎุฐ ุตูˆุฑุชูŠู† ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุฃูˆ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:20:47,960 --> 00:20:55,860
803
+ ุตูˆุฑุชูŠู† ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุชูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ assume ฯ† of ak
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:20:55,860 --> 00:21:09,220
807
+ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ฯ† of aj ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ู€ ak ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:21:09,220 --> 00:21:14,940
811
+ ุงู„ู€ aj ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ definition ฯ† of ak ุงู„ู„ูŠ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:21:14,940 --> 00:21:22,300
815
+ ู‡ูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุงุด k ฯ† of aj ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุงุด j ุฃูˆ ุฅู† ุดุฆุชู…
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:21:22,300 --> 00:21:30,020
819
+ ูู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง k ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ j ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด zero ุฃูˆ ุฅู† ุดุฆุชู…
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:21:30,020 --> 00:21:36,380
823
+ ูู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง a to the k ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ j ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ a to the
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:21:36,380 --> 00:21:46,460
827
+ zero ุฃูˆ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู€ ak ููŠ ุงู„ู€ a ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ู€ j ุจุฏู‡
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:21:46,460 --> 00:21:51,420
831
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity ู„ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ element ู…ุฑููˆุน ู„ู„ู€ o zero
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:21:51,420 --> 00:21:55,960
835
+ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ูˆ ุฃุจุฏุงู‹ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ identity ุชุจุน ุงู„ group ุทุจ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:21:55,960 --> 00:22:02,000
839
+ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ููŠ aj ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู‚ุฏุงุด ุจูŠุถู„ ููŠ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:22:02,000 --> 00:22:08,100
843
+ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ูŠ ุฃูŠู‡ k ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ aj ุฃุธู† ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:22:08,100 --> 00:22:12,820
847
+ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุฎุฐ ุตูˆุฑุชูŠู† ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ุฃุตู„
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:22:12,820 --> 00:22:19,520
851
+ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ฯ† is one to one ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุขุฌูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู†ู‘
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:22:19,520 --> 00:22:21,080
855
+ ฯ† is onto
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:22:25,800 --> 00:22:33,620
859
+ ู…ุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ูŠุงุฎุฐ element ูˆูŠู† ููŠ z n ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง let
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:22:33,620 --> 00:22:41,960
863
+ k ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ z n then ุงู„
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:22:41,960 --> 00:22:52,470
867
+ k ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ zero ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ n ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‘
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:22:52,470 --> 00:23:01,170
871
+ ุงู„ู€ a to the power of k ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ gุŸ ุณูƒุช ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุทู„ุน
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:23:01,170 --> 00:23:06,410
875
+ ู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ู€ d ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‘ a to the power of k ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:23:06,410 --> 00:23:11,690
879
+ ููŠ g ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ ฯ† ู‡ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:23:11,690 --> 00:23:20,730
883
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู†ู‘ k ุตุงุฑุช ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ฯ† of ak ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:23:20,730 --> 00:23:27,190
887
+ element k ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฎุฐุชู‡ ููŠ z n ู„ู‚ูŠุช ู„ู‡ ุฃุตู„ ak ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:23:27,190 --> 00:23:34,270
891
+ ููŠ g ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฃู†ู‘ ฯ† is on to ุงู„ุขู† ุฏู„ุช
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:23:34,270 --> 00:23:42,790
895
+ ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ finally ุจุฏูŠ ฯ† of ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎุฐ two
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:23:42,790 --> 00:23:52,780
899
+ elements ak ููŠ ag ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง element ู…ู† g ูˆ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:23:52,780 --> 00:23:58,240
903
+ ู‡ุฐุง element ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† g ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏูˆ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:23:58,240 --> 00:24:10,770
907
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู†ุธุฑุงู‹ ู„ุฅู†ู‘ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ฯ† ak ุฒุงุฆุฏ j ุตุงุฑ ู‡ุฐุง
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:24:10,770 --> 00:24:17,450
911
+ ูƒู„ู‡ element ูˆุงุญุฏ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุชุจุน
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:24:17,450 --> 00:24:26,610
915
+ ุงู„ ฯ† ุจุฏูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ k ุฒุงุฆุฏ j ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ k
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:24:26,610 --> 00:24:38,340
919
+ ู‡ูŠ ฯ† of k ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ z ฯ† of aj ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:24:38,340 --> 00:24:42,880
923
+ operation ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‘ z n ุงู„
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:24:42,880 --> 00:24:48,140
927
+ operation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุญู‚ู‚ุช ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ู…ุน
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:24:48,140 --> 00:24:55,440
931
+ ุฃู†ู‘ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ฯ† is an isomorphism ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏุต ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:24:55,440 --> 00:25:00,380
935
+ ฯ† is an isomorphism
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:25:25,380 --> 00:25:37,020
939
+ ุฎุฐ ู„ูŠ ุงู„ exercise ู‡ุฐุง ูŠูƒ ุนู„ูƒ ุชู…ุฑู† ูŠุฏูƒ ููŠู‡ if g is
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:25:37,020 --> 00:25:46,220
943
+ infinite .. infinite cyclic
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:25:46,220 --> 00:25:56,510
947
+ group .. cyclic group then ุงู„ู€ g isomorphic
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:25:56,510 --> 00:26:03,010
951
+ ุฅู„ู‰ z ุณุฃุนุทูŠูƒ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:26:03,010 --> 00:26:06,990
955
+ ุงู„ู€ function ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุชุซุจุช one to one ูˆ ุชุญู‚ู‚ ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:26:06,990 --> 00:26:17,530
959
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฃุฎุฐ ู„ูŠ ฯ† ู…ู† z ุฅู„ู‰ g ุฌู„ุจุช ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู†ูŠ ููˆู‚
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:26:17,530 --> 00:26:22,750
963
+ ุฃุฎุฐุชู‡ุง ู…ู† g ู„ z n ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ู† z ุฅู„ู‰ g
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:26:22,750 --> 00:26:30,350
967
+ define by
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:26:30,350 --> 00:26:38,890
971
+ ฯ† of k ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ a to the power k
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:26:41,890 --> 00:26:46,750
975
+ ุฃุซุจุช ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ู‘ ู‡ุฐู‡ one to one ูˆ one to ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:26:46,750 --> 00:26:58,190
979
+ isomorphism ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุฑู‚ู… ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃูŠุด
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:26:58,190 --> 00:27:05,090
983
+ ุฑุฃูŠูƒ ููŠู‡ ุณุชุฉุŸ ู…ูŠู† ุนู†ุงุตุฑู‡ุงุŸ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:27:05,090 --> 00:27:12,900
987
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ุบูŠุฑู‡ู…ุŸ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ู„
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:27:12,900 --> 00:27:21,780
991
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ group CyclicุŸ ูƒูŠู
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:27:21,780 --> 00:27:27,360
995
+ ู„ุงุŸ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุตูุฑ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:27:27,360 --> 00:27:33,420
999
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุดูŠู„ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุณุชุงุช ุจูŠุธู„ ุงู„
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:27:33,420 --> 00:27:37,940
1003
+ identity ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ generator ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ is
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:27:37,940 --> 00:27:44,380
1007
+ cyclic group ุดูˆู ู„ูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ isomorphic ู„ู€ Z5 ูˆู„ุง
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:27:44,380 --> 00:27:52,800
1011
+ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูƒุงู… ุนู†ุตุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ is cyclic
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:27:52,800 --> 00:27:58,850
1015
+ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ Z<sub>n</sub> Cyclic ุงุตู„ุง ุงู†ู‡ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ุงุฐุง
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:27:58,850 --> 00:28:01,990
1019
+ Z<sub>2</sub> Cyclic Z<sub>3</sub> Cyclic Z<sub>4</sub> Cyclic
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:28:01,990 --> 00:28:06,730
1023
+ ุทูŠุจ ูˆุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Cyclic group is Abelian ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐูŠ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:28:06,730 --> 00:28:12,590
1027
+ Abelian ู‡ุฐูŠ Abelian ุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:28:12,590 --> 00:28:17,350
1031
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ order ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ููŠุด
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:28:17,350 --> 00:28:27,990
1035
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ 0 ูˆ 1 ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ูŠูƒุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุดูˆู ู„ูŠู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† and
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:28:27,990 --> 00:28:35,930
1039
+ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุชูŠู‡ U<sub>10</sub> ุดูˆู ู‡ุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:28:35,930 --> 00:28:46,590
1043
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŒ ุณุจุนุฉุŒ ุชุณุนุฉ ุดูˆู ู‡ุงู„ูŠ isomorphic ู„ู€ Z<sub>4</sub> ุฃู…
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:28:46,590 --> 00:28:47,310
1047
+ ู„ุงุŸ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:28:50,240 --> 00:28:58,120
1051
+ ุงู„ู€ U<sub>10</sub> ุงูŠุฒูˆ ู…ูˆุฑููƒ ู„ู€ Z<sub>4</sub> ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐูŠ Cyclic ูˆู„ุง
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:28:58,120 --> 00:29:02,620
1055
+ ู„ุฃ ุทูŠุจ ุชุนุงู„ ู†ุดูˆู ู‡ุฐูŠ Cyclic ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ู†ุดูˆู ููŠู‡ุง
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:29:02,620 --> 00:29:07,970
1059
+ Generator ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุณ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุณ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจูˆุงุญุฏ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:29:07,970 --> 00:29:13,910
1063
+ ุจุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุณ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุจุชุณุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุณ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:29:13,910 --> 00:29:18,950
1067
+ ุจุดูŠู„ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจูŠุธู„ ุณุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุณ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠู†
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:29:18,950 --> 00:29:23,250
1071
+ ุซู…ุงู† ุนุดุฑุงุช ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Cyclic ูˆุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:29:23,250 --> 00:29:28,550
1075
+ generator ุฃุญุฏูƒู… ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ุฌู†ุฑูŠุชุฑ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:29:28,550 --> 00:29:32,730
1079
+ ู„ูƒู† ุชุณุนุฉ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ Generator ู„ุฃู† ุชุณุนุฉ ุฃุณ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุชุณุนุฉ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:29:32,730 --> 00:29:37,230
1083
+ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุชุณุนุฉ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจุงู„ู€ identity ู„ูƒู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุณ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:29:37,230 --> 00:29:40,970
1087
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ู€ identity ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ู€ Cyclic ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐูŠ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:29:40,970 --> 00:29:49,370
1091
+ isomorphic ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ู€ Z<sub>4</sub> ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ but ู‡ู„
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:29:49,370 --> 00:29:57,440
1095
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ U<sub>12</sub> ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:29:57,440 --> 00:30:08,200
1099
+ ุฃุญุฏ ุนุดุฑ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ isomorphic ู„ู€ Z<sub>4</sub>ุŸ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:30:08,200 --> 00:30:15,780
1103
+ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ Cyclic ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ CyclicุŸ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:30:17,220 --> 00:30:22,900
1107
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุดูŠู„ู‡ู…
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:30:22,900 --> 00:30:25,780
1111
+ ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ identity ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจุงู„ู€
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:30:25,780 --> 00:30:30,400
1115
+ identity ุณุจุนุฉ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจุงู„ู€ identity ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู†
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:30:30,400 --> 00:30:33,980
1119
+ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ูˆู…ุถุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃุญุฏ ุนุดุฑ ููŠ ุฃุญุฏ ุนุดุฑ ู…ูŠุฉ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:30:33,980 --> 00:30:37,060
1123
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ ู…ุถุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุด ููŠู‡ุง ูˆู„ุง
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:30:37,060 --> 00:30:44,770
1127
+ generator ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ is not isomorphic because ุงู„ุณุจุจ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:30:44,770 --> 00:30:59,850
1131
+ ุฃู† Z<sub>4</sub> is cyclic but ูˆ ู„ูƒู† U<sub>12</sub> is not cyclic
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:30:59,850 --> 00:31:04,850
1135
+ ุทูŠุจ U<sub>18</sub>
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:31:07,130 --> 00:31:12,030
1139
+ Isomorphic ู„ู€ Z<sub>6</sub> ู†ู‚ูˆู„
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:31:12,030 --> 00:31:18,800
1143
+ ู„ูƒ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูŠูˆ 18 ูŠูƒูˆู† ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:31:18,800 --> 00:31:26,300
1147
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŒ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ ุณุชุฉุŒ ุณุจุนุฉุŒ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:31:26,300 --> 00:31:32,420
1151
+ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุชุณุนุฉุŒ ุนุดุฑุฉุŒ ุฃุญุฏ ุนุดุฑุŒ ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑุŒ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนุดุฑุŒ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:31:32,420 --> 00:31:39,200
1155
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑุŒ ุณุชุฉ ุนุดุฑุŒ ุณุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ูƒู… ุนู†ุตุฑ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ุŸ ุณุชุฉ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:31:39,200 --> 00:31:48,900
1159
+ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ isomorphic ู„ู€ Z<sub>6</sub> ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:31:48,900 --> 00:31:53,960
1163
+ ุทูŠุจ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:31:53,960 --> 00:31:59,960
1167
+ ูŠู„ุง ุงูุญุต ุจุฑุงุญุชูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฑ isomorphic ู„ู€ Z<sub>6</sub> ู„ูŠุดุŸ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:31:59,960 --> 00:32:05,230
1171
+ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ Cyclic ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† Cyclic ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ุจุฏู†ุงุด
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:32:05,230 --> 00:32:08,810
1175
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† Generator ุจูŠูƒููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฌูŠุจู„ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู…
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:32:08,810 --> 00:32:17,570
1179
+ Generator ุจุชุฌูŠุจ ูŠูˆู„ุฏ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ุซุงู„
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:32:17,570 --> 00:32:23,850
1183
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐุงุŸ any operation ู‚ู„ุช Cyclic ุงูŠุด ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:32:23,850 --> 00:32:29,530
1187
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ู„ู… ุฃุญุฏุฏ ู‚ู„ุช ุชุฌุฑุจ ูˆ Cyclic ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃูŠ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:32:29,530 --> 00:32:30,570
1191
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉุŸ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:32:33,770 --> 00:32:39,290
1195
+ ุนู„ูŠ ุตูˆุชูƒ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู„ุง
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:32:39,290 --> 00:32:45,850
1199
+ ุฃู†ุช ุฃู†ุช ู„ู…ุง Z<sub>5</sub> ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุงู… ุนู†ุตุฑุŸ ุฎู…ุณ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ Z<sub> </sub>
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:32:45,850 --> 00:32:51,110
1203
+ <sub>6</sub> ููŠู‡ุง ุณุช ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ูƒูŠู ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุณุช ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ูˆ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:32:51,110 --> 00:32:55,730
1207
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฎู…ุณ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุฒูˆ ู…ูˆุฑู ููŠู‡ู…ุŸ ุฃุจุณุท ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:32:55,730 --> 00:32:59,470
1211
+ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠุช ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฌุฏ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:32:59,470 --> 00:33:02,890
1215
+ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงุฎุชู„ููˆุง ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู…ุง ููŠุด
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:33:02,890 --> 00:33:07,790
1219
+ isomorphism ูˆุฃู†ุช ู…ุบู…ู‚ ุจุฏูˆู† ู†ู‚ุงุด ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฐุง ุนุฏุฏ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:33:07,790 --> 00:33:10,730
1223
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูŠุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:33:10,730 --> 00:33:13,950
1227
+ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ there is no isomorphism between two
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:33:13,950 --> 00:33:20,030
1231
+ groups ู…ุง ููŠุด ุจุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุญุฏ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณุฃู„ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุทูŠุจ ู†ุฌูŠุจ ู„ูƒ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:33:20,030 --> 00:33:27,770
1235
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุซุงู„ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุซุงู„
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:33:27,770 --> 00:33:33,670
1239
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ let ุงู„ู€ G ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ special linear group of
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:33:33,670 --> 00:33:39,490
1243
+ two by two matrices over R ูˆู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:33:39,490 --> 00:33:49,710
1247
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ A, B, C, D ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ A, D ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ู€ B, C ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:33:49,710 --> 00:34:02,810
1251
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ let ุงู„ู€ M be any two by two matrix
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:34:02,810 --> 00:34:06,050
1255
+ matrix
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:34:06,050 --> 00:34:17,030
1259
+ with a determinant ู„ู€ M ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Zero define
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:34:20,640 --> 00:34:31,460
1263
+ A mapping Define A mapping Phi M
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:34:31,460 --> 00:34:49,180
1267
+ ู…ู† G ุฅู„ู‰ G by Phi M of A ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ M A M<sup>-1</sup> ู„ูƒู„
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:34:49,970 --> 00:35:00,990
1271
+ ุงู„ู€ A ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ G show that ุงู„ู€
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:35:00,990 --> 00:35:05,890
1275
+ Phi M is an isomorphism
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:35:43,290 --> 00:35:48,490
1279
+ ู†ุฑุฌุน ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฐ ู„ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุฌูŠู„ู‡ ุงู„ู€ special linear
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:35:48,490 --> 00:35:52,890
1283
+ group of two by two matrices over R ูˆู‡ูŠ ูƒู„
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:35:52,890 --> 00:35:56,670
1287
+ ุงู„ู…ุตููˆูุงุช ู„ู†ุธุงู…ู‡ุง ุงุซู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจุนูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:35:56,670 --> 00:36:01,590
1291
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ู‚ุงู„ ุงูุชุฑุถ ุงู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:36:01,590 --> 00:36:05,490
1295
+ ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ู…ู† ู†ุธุงู…ู‡ุง ุงุซู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆู…ุญุฏุฏู‡ุง ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:36:05,490 --> 00:36:10,520
1299
+ zero ู„ู… ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ุงู„ู€ M ู„ูŠุณ ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ู…ุญุฏุฏู‡ุง
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:36:10,520 --> 00:36:15,880
1303
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ู‚ู„ุช M ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู„ูŠู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Zero ุนุฑูุช
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:36:15,880 --> 00:36:21,620
1307
+ Function Phi M ู…ู† G ุฅู„ู‰ G by Phi M of A ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ M A M
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:36:21,620 --> 00:36:26,180
1311
+ <sup>-1</sup> ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ A ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ G ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† Phi M
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:36:26,180 --> 00:36:31,220
1315
+ is an isomorphism ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุจุชุชุฃูƒุฏ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู€
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:36:31,220 --> 00:36:36,220
1319
+ function ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุฑูุชู‡ุง ุชุนุฑูŠููŠ ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:36:36,220 --> 00:36:44,240
1323
+ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุทู„ุน ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:36:44,240 --> 00:36:49,580
1327
+ ุงู„ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ G ูุนู„ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุนุฑูŠููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† G
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:36:49,580 --> 00:36:55,120
1331
+ ู„ู€ G ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูƒู„ุงู… ุณู„ูŠู… ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู†ุง
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:36:55,120 --> 00:36:59,960
1335
+ ู…ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† G ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจู‚ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ู†ุญู†
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:36:59,960 --> 00:37:05,150
1339
+ ู…ุชุฃูƒุฏูŠู† ู…ู†ู‡ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ M ุจุนุฑูุด ุฃู†ุง ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:37:05,150 --> 00:37:09,510
1343
+ ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Phi is well defined ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:37:09,510 --> 00:37:16,530
1347
+ ุชุนุฑูŠูุง ุตุญูŠุญุง ูุจู†ุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Phi is well
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:37:16,530 --> 00:37:23,130
1351
+ defined well defined ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุชุนุฑูŠูุง ุตุญูŠุญุง
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:37:25,810 --> 00:37:30,210
1355
+ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง element ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ G
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:37:30,210 --> 00:37:39,290
1359
+ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ู€ determinant ู„ู€ M A M<sup>-1</sup> ุจุฏูŠ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:37:39,290 --> 00:37:44,450
1363
+ ุฃุฑุฌุน ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู€ linear algebra ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู€
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:37:44,450 --> 00:37:50,810
1367
+ determinant ู„ู€ M ููŠ ุงู„ู€ determinant ู„ู€ A ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:37:50,810 --> 00:37:57,450
1371
+ determinant ู„ู€ M<sup>-1</sup> ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ determinant ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:37:57,450 --> 00:38:02,010
1375
+ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุซู„ุงุซ ู‚ูŠู… ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุจุนุถู‡ุง
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:38:02,010 --> 00:38:07,250
1379
+ ูˆุงู„ู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ commutative ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ุง
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:38:07,250 --> 00:38:14,820
1383
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ determinant ู„ู€ M ููŠ ุงู„ู€ determinant ู„ู€ M
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:38:14,820 --> 00:38:20,660
1387
+ <sup>-1</sup> ููŠ ุงู„ู€ determinant ู„ู€ A ุฃูˆ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:38:20,660 --> 00:38:25,720
1391
+ determinant ู„ู€ M ููŠ ุงู„ู€ M<sup>-1</sup> ููŠ ุงู„ู€ determinant
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:38:25,720 --> 00:38:33,080
1395
+ ู„ู€ A ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ููŠ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณุฉ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:38:33,080 --> 00:38:39,400
1399
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุฃู†ุง ุฌุงูŠู„ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:38:39,400 --> 00:38:45,160
1403
+ ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ zero ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ููŠ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณู‡ุง ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู…ุตูˆูุฉ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:38:45,660 --> 00:38:52,240
1407
+ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ determinant ู„ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:38:52,240 --> 00:38:57,500
1411
+ determinant ู„ู€ a ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ determinant ู„ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:38:57,500 --> 00:39:04,780
1415
+ ุจู‚ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู€ determinant ู„ู€ a, a ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ g, g
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:39:04,780 --> 00:39:10,430
1419
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจู‚ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:39:10,430 --> 00:39:20,150
1423
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ M A M<sup>-1</sup>
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:39:20,150 --> 00:39:25,190
1427
+ belongs to g ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุนุฑูŠููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู„ู‡ ุชุนุฑูŠูุง ุตุญูŠุญุง
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:39:25,190 --> 00:39:32,190
1431
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู† ูุงูŠ is one to one ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ as
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:39:32,190 --> 00:39:42,600
1435
+ you ูุงูŠ M ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง assume ุฃู† ูุงูŠ M of A ูุงูŠ M of A
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:39:42,600 --> 00:39:50,900
1439
+ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูุงูŠ M of B ุทุจุนุง
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:39:50,900 --> 00:39:57,100
1443
+ A ูˆ B ู…ุตููˆูุงุช ููŠ g ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุณุงูˆูˆุง ุจุนุถ ุซู…
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:39:57,100 --> 00:40:08,960
1447
+ ูุงูŠ M of A M A M<sup>-1</sup> M B M<sup>-1</sup> ุทูŠุจ ุจุงู„ู€ right
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:40:08,960 --> 00:40:13,200
1451
+ cancellation ู„ูˆ ูˆุงู„ู€ left cancellation ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:40:13,200 --> 00:40:20,490
1455
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุฃู† A ุชุณุงูˆูŠ B ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูุงูŠ is one to one ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:40:20,490 --> 00:40:28,550
1459
+ ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ ุงุฎุฐ ุงู„ุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:40:28,550 --> 00:40:35,670
1463
+ ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ ุงุฎุฐ ุงู„ุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:40:35,670 --> 00:40:38,630
1467
+ ุงุฎุฐ ุงู„ุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ ุงุฎุฐ ุงู„ุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ ุงุฎุฐ ุงู„ุงู†
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:40:38,630 --> 00:40:38,690
1471
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ ุงุฎุฐ ุงู„ุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ ุงุฎุฐ ุงู„ุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:40:38,690 --> 00:40:38,870
1475
+ ุงุฎุฐ ุงู„ุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ ุงุฎุฐ ุงู„ุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ ุงุฎุฐ ุงู„ุงู†
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:40:38,870 --> 00:40:42,130
1479
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ ุงุฎุฐ ุงู„ุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ ุงุฎุฐ ุงู„ุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:40:42,130 --> 00:40:49,210
1483
+ ุงุฎุฐ ุงู„ุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:40:49,210 --> 00:40:49,810
1487
+ ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ ุง
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:40:54,890 --> 00:41:02,870
1491
+ ุงู„ู€ B ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ M M<sup>-1</sup>
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:41:02,870 --> 00:41:14,550
1495
+ B M M<sup>-1</sup> ุจู†ูุน ูˆู„ุง ู…ุง ุจู†ูุนุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ identity
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:41:14,550 --> 00:41:20,680
1499
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูŠู† ุฎู„ุต ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู€ B ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูŠ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:41:20,680 --> 00:41:27,760
1503
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ M ููŠ M inverse
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:41:27,760 --> 00:41:35,620
1507
+ ุจูŠู‡ M ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง M inverse ู…ู† ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ associativity
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:41:35,620 --> 00:41:41,480
1511
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูุงุตู„ุชูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู„ุญุงู„ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุฑุฃูŠูƒ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจุฏูŠ
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:41:41,480 --> 00:41:51,860
1515
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ู… ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ M ุงู… ุงู†ูุฑุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุญุตู„ ุถุฑุจ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:41:51,860 --> 00:41:58,320
1519
+ ุณู…ูŠุชู‡ ุฅูŠู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจู€ุฏุฑ ุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ู†
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:41:58,320 --> 00:42:06,700
1523
+ ุจู€ุฏุฑ ุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠ ุงู… ุงูˆ ุฅูŠู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฎุฏุชู‡ุง
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:42:06,700 --> 00:42:12,780
1527
+ ู„ุฃุฌูŠุชู„ู‡ุง ุฃุตู„ ุฅูŠู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€fi m is onto
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:42:13,410 --> 00:42:17,490
1531
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุตุญูˆูุฉ B ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ุง ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ special
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:42:17,490 --> 00:42:22,130
1535
+ linear group of two by two matrices over R ู„ุฌุช ู„ู‡ุง
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:42:22,130 --> 00:42:29,570
1539
+ ุฃุตู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ A ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ A ูˆุงู„ู€ A ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ M
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:42:29,570 --> 00:42:38,050
1543
+ inverse ุจ M ุทุจ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุณุฃู„ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:42:38,050 --> 00:42:40,430
1547
+ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุชู…
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:42:44,800 --> 00:42:49,700
1551
+ ุจุงู„ุชู… ูˆู„ุง ุจุงู„ุชู… ู…ุดุŸ ุจุงู„ุชู… ู„ุฃู† ูƒู„ู‡ ู†ุธุงู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:42:49,700 --> 00:42:56,080
1555
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฃู†ุง ูุฑุถุช ุฃู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ M ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจุงุชู†ูŠู†
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:42:56,080 --> 00:43:00,380
1559
+ matrix ูˆ determinant ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:43:00,380 --> 00:43:04,370
1563
+ ููŠู‡ู… ู†ุธุงู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆู„ูˆ ุงุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ูŠู…ูƒู† ู…ุง
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:43:04,370 --> 00:43:07,870
1567
+ ู†ู‚ุฏุฑุด ู†ุถุฑุจ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ู…ุง ู†ู‚ุฏุฑุด ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุงุฏ
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:43:07,870 --> 00:43:12,970
1571
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุงุช ูƒู„ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ possible ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ no
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:43:12,970 --> 00:43:17,110
1575
+ problem ูŠู…ูƒู† ุจูƒู„ุงู…ู†ุง ูˆุดุบู„ู†ุง ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠุฉ ุจู‚ูŠุช ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:43:17,110 --> 00:43:23,850
1579
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ finally ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุขุฎุฏ five
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:43:23,850 --> 00:43:26,970
1583
+ m of a b
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:43:29,580 --> 00:43:35,740
1587
+ ุนุงู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุจุฏุฃ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ M A
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:43:35,740 --> 00:43:42,780
1591
+ B M inverse ู‡ุฐู‡
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:43:42,780 --> 00:43:50,080
1595
+ K ุจุฏุฃ ุชูŠุฌูŠ ููŠ of A ููŠ ููŠ of V ู…ุด ุฌุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:43:50,080 --> 00:43:57,460
1599
+ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุฏุฎู„ุช ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู…ุง ููŠุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฃู†
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:43:57,460 --> 00:44:00,860
1603
+ ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุถุฑุจู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:44:00,860 --> 00:44:11,180
1607
+ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ M A ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฏุฎู„ M inverse M ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:44:11,180 --> 00:44:18,290
1611
+ ุงู„ B ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ B ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ M inverse ู‡ุฐู‡
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:44:18,290 --> 00:44:29,890
1615
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุตููุชูŠู† ู…ุตููุชูŠู†
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:44:29,890 --> 00:44:30,810
1619
+ ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู†
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:44:30,810 --> 00:44:31,390
1623
+ ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู†
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:44:31,390 --> 00:44:32,510
1627
+ ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู†
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:44:32,510 --> 00:44:36,350
1631
+ ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู†
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:44:36,350 --> 00:44:36,470
1635
+ ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู†
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:44:36,470 --> 00:44:43,510
1639
+ ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ู…ุตูููŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุญู‚ู‚ุช ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:44:43,510 --> 00:44:57,970
1643
+ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ thus ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูุงูŠ ุงู… is an isomorphism ุทุจ
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:44:57,970 --> 00:45:09,130
1647
+ example ุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ุดูŠุกุŸ ู„ุฃ ุจุณ ู…ุด ู‡ู†ุดุชุบู„ ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ S
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:45:10,480 --> 00:45:18,680
1651
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ูƒู… ุนู†ุตุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุณุชุฉุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ three factorial
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:45:18,680 --> 00:45:23,440
1655
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุณุช ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:45:23,440 --> 00:45:30,120
1659
+ isomorphic ู„ Z6ุŸ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:45:31,610 --> 00:45:38,490
1663
+ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุฉ ุฒุฏ ุณุชุฉ ูƒูˆู…ูŠูˆุชุงุชูŠู ุฃุจุฏุฃ ู„ูŠู‡ ู„ูƒ ุงู„ S3 is
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:45:38,490 --> 00:45:44,830
1667
+ not ู‡ุงุฏูŠ cyclic ู‡ุงุฏูŠ not cyclic ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ is
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:45:44,830 --> 00:45:52,020
1671
+ not isomorphic to z6 because ุฌูŠุจ ู„ูŠู‡ ูˆู„ูˆ ุณุจุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:45:52,020 --> 00:45:56,100
1675
+ ุจุฏูŠุด ุฃุณุจุงุจ ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ุฑุบู… ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ุณุช ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:45:56,100 --> 00:46:06,480
1679
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุณุช ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ because ุงู„ S3 is not cyclic but
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:46:06,480 --> 00:46:15,340
1683
+ ูˆู„ูƒู† Z6 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ subgroup of Y1 is cyclic
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:46:19,060 --> 00:46:21,000
1687
+ ุจู†ูƒู…ู„ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุธู‡ุฑ
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@@ -0,0 +1,1851 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,160 --> 00:00:25,200
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู†ูƒู…ู„ ู…ุง
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:25,200 --> 00:00:30,420
7
+ ุงุจุชุฏุฃู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ุงุฒู…ู†ุง ููŠ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:30,420 --> 00:00:35,180
11
+ chapter ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ู„ู„ู€ abstract algebra ู„ู‡ุฐุง
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:35,180 --> 00:00:41,350
15
+ ุงู„ูุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุชุนุฑุถู†ุง ู„ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู€ sets ุงู„
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:41,350 --> 00:00:46,410
19
+ natural numbers ุงู„ู€ set of integers ุงู„ู€ rational
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:46,410 --> 00:00:49,870
23
+ numbers ุงู„ู€ real numbers ุงู„ู€ complex numbers ุซู…
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:49,870 --> 00:00:55,970
27
+ ุชุนุฑุถู†ุง ู„ู„ู‚ุณู…ุฉ ูˆุฎูˆุงุฑุฒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุณู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ู€ primes ุงู„ู„ูŠ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:55,970 --> 00:01:02,310
31
+ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู…ุถุงุนูุงุช ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:02,310 --> 00:01:05,890
35
+ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุฃูˆ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ greatest common divisor
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:05,890 --> 00:01:10,510
39
+ ูˆูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ greatest common
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:10,510 --> 00:01:15,490
43
+ divisor ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ linear combination ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู†
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:15,490 --> 00:01:18,930
47
+ ุชุจุนุงุช greatest common divisor ู„ู€ two elements a ูˆ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:18,930 --> 00:01:24,230
51
+ b ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒู… ูƒุชุงุจุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ a s ุฒุงุฆุฏ t ููŠ b
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:24,230 --> 00:01:30,230
55
+ ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ู€ s ูˆุงู„ู€ t ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ set of integers ุจุฏู†ุง
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:30,230 --> 00:01:39,270
59
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ู‘ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠุฃุชูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:39,270 --> 00:01:49,070
63
+ if P is a prime if P is a prime ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† P ุนุฏุฏ ุฃูˆู„ูŠ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:49,070 --> 00:02:00,310
67
+ and ุงู„ู€ P divides ุญุงุตู„ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ A ููŠ B then ุงู„ู€ P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:02:00,310 --> 00:02:15,850
71
+ A ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ B ู„ู…ุง
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:02:15,850 --> 00:02:20,880
75
+ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุฒูŠ ูˆู„ุง ุชุดุจูŠู‡
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:20,880 --> 00:02:25,180
79
+ ุจู‚ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุฒู…ุงู† ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุง
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:25,180 --> 00:02:31,240
83
+ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ lemma ุจุณ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:31,240 --> 00:02:36,100
87
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ููŠ lemma ูˆู„ูŠุณ ู„ู…ู‘ุฉ ุณู…ุนุชูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:36,100 --> 00:02:41,400
91
+ lemma ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุขูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู†
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:41,400 --> 00:02:44,540
95
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู… ุญุฏ ุจุนุฑูู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุขูŠุฉ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:48,770 --> 00:02:54,810
99
+ ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ูˆู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ู„ู…ุง ูู‚ุท ุจุฏูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุตูˆุฑุฉ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:54,810 --> 00:03:02,150
103
+ ุงูŠุด ููŠ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุญุฌุฑุงุช ู„ุฃ ูŠุง ุฑุงุฌู„ ุชุงุฌูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:03:02,150 --> 00:03:10,830
107
+ ูˆุชุฃูƒู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุชุฑุงุซ ุฃูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ู…ู‘ ููŠ ุงู„ูุฌุฑ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ุฌุฏุง ุทูŠุจ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:03:10,830 --> 00:03:16,460
111
+ ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู„ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ูˆุชุฃูƒู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุชุฑุงุซ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:03:16,460 --> 00:03:18,020
115
+ ุฃูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ู…ู‘ุง
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:03:28,940 --> 00:03:33,400
119
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู‡ูˆ ุชุฃูƒู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุชุฑุงุซ ุฃูƒู„ุง ู„ู…ุง
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:33,400 --> 00:03:38,440
123
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุงุซ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุจู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฑุงุซ ูุจุนุถ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซุฉ ุจุฑูˆุญ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:38,440 --> 00:03:42,860
127
+ ุจุณุชุงุณุฑ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุงู‡ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุงุจ ูˆุจุณุฌู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฑุงุซ ูƒู„ู‡
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:42,860 --> 00:03:45,880
131
+ ุจุงุณู…ู‡ ูˆุจุญุฑู… ู…ูŠู† ุจุญุฑู… ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:04:00,840 --> 00:04:05,380
135
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ูู€ ุงู„ู€ P is a prime ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ P ุนุฏุฏุง
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:04:05,380 --> 00:04:11,850
139
+ ุฃูˆู„ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ู€ P ุจูŠู‚ุณู… ุญุตู„ุช ุถุฑุจ A ููŠ B ูŠุจู‚ู‰ P ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:04:11,850 --> 00:04:17,650
143
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฅู…ุง ุฃู† ูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ A ูˆุฅู…ุง ุฃู† ูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ B ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:04:17,650 --> 00:04:22,170
147
+ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ุด ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ููŠ ุขู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู†ุซุจุช ุตุญุฉ ู‡ุฐุง
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:04:22,170 --> 00:04:30,410
151
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงู„ุฏุงุฌูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ assume ุงูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ P is
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:04:30,410 --> 00:04:40,910
155
+ prime and ุงู„ู€ P divides ุงู„ู€ A ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุทูŠุงุช ุงูŠุด
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:04:40,910 --> 00:04:46,710
159
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ P ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ A ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:04:46,710 --> 00:04:52,270
163
+ B ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฃ ุงูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ุง ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ A ูˆุงุฑูˆุญ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:52,270 --> 00:05:00,380
167
+ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ B ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุฏุงุฌูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ let ุงู„ู€P
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:05:00,380 --> 00:05:07,500
171
+ ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€A ู„ุง ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€A ู…ุซู„ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุดูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ one
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:05:07,500 --> 00:05:14,700
175
+ to show ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู†ุจูŠู† ุฃู† ุงู„ู€P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€B ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:05:14,700 --> 00:05:22,480
179
+ ุนุงูŠุฒูŠู† ู†ุซ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุชู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ since ุจู…ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€P ู„ุง
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:05:22,480 --> 00:05:24,080
183
+ ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€A
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:05:26,430 --> 00:05:32,090
187
+ ุฅุฐุง ุดูˆ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ P ูˆุงู„ู€ A ุฅุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Primes
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:05:32,090 --> 00:05:37,590
191
+ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ Relatively Primes Relatively Primes ุชู…ุงู…
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:05:37,590 --> 00:05:49,830
195
+ ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ since then ุงู„ู€ A ูˆุงู„ู€ P are Relatively
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:05:49,830 --> 00:05:52,490
199
+ Primes
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:05:54,370 --> 00:05:57,890
203
+ ุทูŠุจ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงู„ู€ greatest common divisors ู…ุง
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:57,890 --> 00:06:04,070
207
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ relatively a prime ู‡ุฐุง
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:06:04,070 --> 00:06:09,470
211
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ู„ู„ู€ greatest common divisors ู„ู…ู† ู„ู„ู€ a
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:06:09,470 --> 00:06:16,050
215
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ p ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ุขุฎุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:06:16,050 --> 00:06:19,970
219
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ู€ greatest common divisor ุจู‚ุฏุฑ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:06:19,970 --> 00:06:24,430
223
+ ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุตูŠุบุฉ linear combination ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ a ูˆุงู„ู€ p
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:06:24,430 --> 00:06:34,870
227
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฏู ูŠุชุทู„ุจ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ s ูˆ t ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ z
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:06:34,870 --> 00:06:45,620
231
+ integers such that ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ A S ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ู€ P T ูƒู„ู‡
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:06:45,620 --> 00:06:49,800
235
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุตุญูŠุญ ุทุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุงูŠุด
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:06:49,800 --> 00:06:57,020
239
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุซุจุชุŸ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุซุจุช ุฃู† P ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ BุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:06:57,020 --> 00:07:02,440
243
+ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุฎู„ู‚ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ B ููŠ ุดุฌุฉ ุตุญูŠุญ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:07:02,440 --> 00:07:05,980
247
+ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ูƒูŠู ุฃุณูˆูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุฏู‡ ู…ุด ุฎู„ู‘ูŠ ุงุฎู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:07:05,980 --> 00:07:12,140
251
+ PุŒ ุดูˆ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ุŸ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฎู„ู‡ุง ุจุฏู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠู‘ู‡ูŠุด
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:07:12,140 --> 00:07:18,680
255
+ ุงุนู…ู„ ู†ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ููŠ ุจูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจู†ุง ููŠ ุจูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:07:18,680 --> 00:07:27,300
259
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ a s b ุฒุงุฆุฏ b t ููŠ ุงู„ู€ b ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ b
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:07:28,940 --> 00:07:32,180
263
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ linear combination ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ greatest common
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:07:32,180 --> 00:07:36,260
267
+ divisor ูˆุถุฑุจุชู‡ุง ููŠ P ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู…ุดุงู† ุฃุฎู„ู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุฑู
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:07:36,260 --> 00:07:42,320
271
+ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† P ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู† P ุจุชู‚ุณู…
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:07:42,320 --> 00:07:48,100
275
+ ุจูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ู€ P ู‚ุณู…ุช ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ุŒ ุฅุฐู† automatic ู‡ุชู‚ุณู…
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:07:48,100 --> 00:07:51,760
279
+ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ are
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:07:51,760 --> 00:07:57,540
283
+ equalุŒ ุฅุซู†ูŠู† ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ู„ P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ู‡ุฐุง
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:07:57,540 --> 00:08:03,660
287
+ ุงู„ู€ term ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ุงู‡ ู…ูุนุทู‰ ู…ุนุงู†ุง ุฃู† P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ A
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:08:03,660 --> 00:08:07,760
291
+ ููŠ B ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ A ููŠ ุงู„ู€ B ููŠ ุงู„ู€ S ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:08:07,760 --> 00:08:16,040
295
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ since ุจู…ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ A ููŠ ุงู„ู€ B we have
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:08:16,040 --> 00:08:24,830
299
+ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ A B ููŠ ุงู„ู€ S ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุทูŠุจ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:08:24,830 --> 00:08:29,870
303
+ ุงู„ุขู† P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุชู‚ุณู…
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:08:29,870 --> 00:08:39,490
307
+ ุงู„ู€ term ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ and ุงู„ู€ P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ P T B
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:08:40,520 --> 00:08:47,000
311
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงูŠุด ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุฅุซู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:08:47,000 --> 00:08:57,360
315
+ ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ A B S ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ู€ P T B ู…ุฏุงู… ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุฅุซู†ูŠู†
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:08:57,360 --> 00:09:02,840
319
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจุชู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ P ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณูˆูŠู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:09:02,840 --> 00:09:08,320
323
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุฃู† P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ B ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:09:11,000 --> 00:09:15,400
327
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุจุฑู‡ ู‡ู†ุง
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:09:15,400 --> 00:09:20,660
331
+ ูˆุดุบู„ ุจุณูŠุท ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุง ุฏุฎู„ู†ุงุด ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠู„ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงูŠู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:09:20,660 --> 00:09:25,900
335
+ P prime ูˆุงู„ู€ P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ A ููŠ B ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ P ูŠุง ุจุฏู‡ุง
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:09:25,900 --> 00:09:30,580
339
+ ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูŠุง ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูˆุทุจุนุง
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:09:30,580 --> 00:09:36,290
343
+ ุฅุซู†ูŠู† two integers ู…ุด real number ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฅู…ุง P ุจุชู‚ุณู…
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:09:36,290 --> 00:09:41,330
347
+ ุงู„ู€ A ูŠุจู‚ู‰ P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ B ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูุฑุถู†ุง P prime ูˆ P ุชู‚ุณู…
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:09:41,330 --> 00:09:46,910
351
+ ุงู„ู€ A ููŠ B ุจุฏูŠ ุงูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† P ู„ุง ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ A ูˆุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃุซุจุช
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:09:46,910 --> 00:09:52,090
355
+ ุฃู† P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ B ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนูƒุณูŠู† ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠู†
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:09:52,090 --> 00:09:53,250
359
+ ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุฃูˆ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:09:53,250 --> 00:10:00,240
363
+ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ู…ุฏุงู…
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:10:00,240 --> 00:10:05,020
367
+ relatively prime ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ greatest common divisor ุจุฏู‡
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:10:05,020 --> 00:10:09,600
371
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ูˆุงุญุฏ ุขุฎุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูƒุชุจู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุฃู†ู‡
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:10:09,600 --> 00:10:13,300
375
+ ู„ู€ greatest common divisor ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃูƒุชุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุตูŠุบุฉ linear
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:10:13,300 --> 00:10:17,760
379
+ combination ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ there
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:10:17,760 --> 00:10:23,320
383
+ exists S ูˆ T ููŠ Z ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ A S ุฒุงุฆุฏ B T ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:10:23,320 --> 00:10:27,980
387
+ ู‚ุฏุงุด ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุถุฑุจู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:10:27,980 --> 00:10:32,760
391
+ ุจูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู†ู‡ P ุจุชู‚ุณู…ู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจู†ุงู‡
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:10:32,760 --> 00:10:37,680
395
+ ููŠ ุจูŠ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ A B S ุฒุงุฆุฏ B T B ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ู† B
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:10:37,680 --> 00:10:43,950
399
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ A ููŠ B ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนุทู‰ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€ P ุจุชู‚ุณู…
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:10:43,950 --> 00:10:50,930
403
+ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุฅุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ P T B ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:10:50,930 --> 00:10:55,670
407
+ ุงู„ู€ P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅุซู†ูŠู† ู…ุฏุงู… ุชู‚ุณู… ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅุซู†ูŠู†
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:10:55,670 --> 00:11:02,810
411
+ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู‚ุณู… B ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุทุจ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ู„ูˆ P ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุชุด
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:11:02,810 --> 00:11:10,480
415
+ prime ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู„ู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุธู„ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุฃู… ู„ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุชุณุงุคู„ ููŠ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:11:10,480 --> 00:11:14,760
419
+ ุงู„ุดู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุดู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† P
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:11:14,760 --> 00:11:21,000
423
+ Prime ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู‡ุนุทูŠูƒ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:11:21,000 --> 00:11:26,420
427
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฎุฏู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุณุฃู„ู†ุงูƒูˆุง ูŠุงู‡ุง
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:11:26,420 --> 00:11:31,620
431
+ ูุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจู‚ูˆู„ note if
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:11:31,620 --> 00:11:47,010
435
+ ุงู„ู€ P is not a prime ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุด prime ู„ูŠู‡ above lemma ู„ู…ุง
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:11:47,010 --> 00:12:00,030
439
+ false ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ for example for
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:12:00,030 --> 00:12:01,830
443
+ example
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:12:04,510 --> 00:12:12,290
447
+ ุงู„ู€ 6 ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ 4 ุถุฑุจ 3 ู…ุธุจูˆุท 4 ููŠ 3
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:12:12,290 --> 00:12:21,650
451
+ ุจุฅุทู…ุงุดูŠ 6 ุจุชู‚ุณู… 12 but ุงู„ู€ 6 ู„ุง ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ 4 ูˆ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:12:21,650 --> 00:12:31,470
455
+ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู€ 6 ู„ุง ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ 3 ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ 6 ู„ูŠุณ prime
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:12:31,470 --> 00:12:43,590
459
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ 6 ู„ูŠุณ prime ูŠุจู‚ู‰
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:12:43,590 --> 00:12:50,890
463
+ ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ุฌุฏุง ู„ูƒูŠ ุชู‚ุณู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† P ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง prime
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:12:51,390 --> 00:12:55,850
467
+ ู…ุซู„ุง but ุงู„ู€ 5
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:12:55,850 --> 00:13:03,110
471
+ divides 2 ููŠ 10 ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ูƒุฐุงุŸ 2 ููŠ 10 ุฃู†ุง
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:13:03,110 --> 00:13:10,970
475
+ ู…ุง ุฃู‚ุฏุฑุด 20 ุงู„ู€ 5 ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ 20 ู‡ู†ุง but
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:13:10,970 --> 00:13:17,750
479
+ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ 5 ู„ุง ุชู‚ุณู… 2 ุจุชู‚ุณู…ุด 2 ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ 5
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:13:17,750 --> 00:13:24,250
483
+ ุจุชู‚ุณู… ู…ู†ุŸ ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ 10 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ part and ุงู„ู€ 5 divide
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:13:24,250 --> 00:13:29,830
487
+ ุงู„ู€ 10 ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ 5 is prime ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:13:29,830 --> 00:13:38,890
491
+ ู‡ู†ุง because ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ 5 ู‡ุฐู‡ is prime ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:13:38,890 --> 00:13:44,250
495
+ prime ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุฃุญุฏู‡ู…ุง ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุชุด ุงู„ู€ prime ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุตูŠุฑ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:13:44,250 --> 00:13:48,510
499
+ ุงู„ู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชู‚ุณู… ุฃูŠุง
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:13:48,510 --> 00:13:55,350
503
+ ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุง ุงุจู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„fundamental
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:13:55,350 --> 00:13:59,570
507
+ theorem of arithmetic fundamental
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:14:07,260 --> 00:14:12,800
511
+ fundamental theorem of
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:14:12,800 --> 00:14:27,020
515
+ arithmetic ุจุชู‚ูˆู„
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:14:27,020 --> 00:14:38,650
519
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชูŠ every integer every integer a greater than
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:14:38,650 --> 00:14:51,790
523
+ one ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ is a prime or a
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:14:51,790 --> 00:14:56,370
527
+ product of
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:14:56,370 --> 00:15:00,830
531
+ primes that is
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:15:05,140 --> 00:15:16,880
535
+ I mean any integer a greater than one can be
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:15:16,880 --> 00:15:23,900
539
+ factored ู…ู…ูƒู†
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:15:23,900 --> 00:15:31,880
543
+ ุชุงุจุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ uniquely as
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:15:31,880 --> 00:15:32,700
547
+ a product
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:15:40,530 --> 00:15:46,590
551
+ as a product of primes
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:15:46,590 --> 00:15:52,450
555
+ as a product
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:15:52,450 --> 00:16:01,890
559
+ of a prime in the form ุงู„ุดูƒู„
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:16:01,890 --> 00:16:11,070
563
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ A ุณูˆุงุก P1 ุจุต Alpha 1 ููŠ P2 ุจุต alpha two
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:16:11,070 --> 00:16:23,050
567
+ ูˆู†ุธู„ ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ P in ุจุต alpha in where ุญูŠุซู‡ู… ุงู„
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:16:23,050 --> 00:16:34,590
571
+ P ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† P ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฃู‚ู„ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† P in and the
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:16:34,590 --> 00:16:37,410
575
+ exponents
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:16:41,710 --> 00:16:49,950
579
+ ุงู„ุฃู„ูุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฃู„ูุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู„ูุฉ in R
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:17:40,000 --> 00:17:47,700
583
+ ุจุงู„ุจู„ุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู‡ู†ุง
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:17:47,700 --> 00:17:52,360
587
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ every integer greater than one ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงูŠ ุนุฏุฏ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:17:52,360 --> 00:17:58,300
591
+ ุตุญูŠุญ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงูƒุชุจู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุตูŠุบุฉ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:17:58,300 --> 00:18:05,600
595
+ ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ุงุนุฏุงุฏ ุงูˆู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุงุจุง ูƒุชุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ prime
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:18:05,600 --> 00:18:11,500
599
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ู€primes ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู†
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:18:11,500 --> 00:18:15,600
603
+ ุงู„ุฃุณ ุชุจุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุณ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุน ุนุดุฑุฉ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:18:15,600 --> 00:18:20,420
607
+ ุฌุฏ ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุชุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุงุฎุฑูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฃูŠ ุนุฏุฏ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:18:20,420 --> 00:18:24,260
611
+ ุตุญูŠุฉ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:18:24,260 --> 00:18:28,960
615
+ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ ูŠุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† prime ูŠุง ุงู…ุง products of a prime
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:18:28,960 --> 00:18:35,280
619
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุง ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ุงุนุฏุงุฏ ุงูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุทุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนูŠุฏ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:18:35,280 --> 00:18:40,410
623
+ ุตูŠุงุบุชู‡ ู…ู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ู„ ุตูŠุบุฉ 8 ูŠู‚ูˆู„ that is ุฃูŠ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:18:40,410 --> 00:18:45,230
627
+ ุฃู† ุงูŠ integer a ู…ุซู„ุง greater than one can be
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:18:45,230 --> 00:18:50,810
631
+ factored ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงูƒุชุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุนูˆุงู…ู„
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:18:50,810 --> 00:18:57,570
635
+ uniquely ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ูู‚ุท ู„ุง ุบูŠุฑ as a product of a
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:18:57,570 --> 00:19:02,990
639
+ prime ูƒุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ a prime in the form a ูŠุณูˆู‰ P1 ฮฑ1
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:19:02,990 --> 00:19:09,920
643
+ P2 ฮฑ2 ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ููŠ PN ฮฑN ุงู„ู€ P1 ูˆุงู„ู€ P2 ูˆุงู„ู€ PN ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ู€
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:19:09,920 --> 00:19:14,800
647
+ Primes ูˆุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฏุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุตุบุฑ ู„ู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุฃุตุบุฑ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:19:14,800 --> 00:19:19,910
651
+ ุงู„ู€ Prime ุนู†ุฏู‰ุŸ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:19:19,910 --> 00:19:24,670
655
+ ุจุนุฏู‡ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุธู„ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ prime ุญุทู‡ุง ู„ู„ุฃุณุณ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:19:24,670 --> 00:19:30,310
659
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒูŠู‡ุง ุญุณุจ ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:19:30,310 --> 00:19:34,730
663
+ ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ P1 ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† P2 ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† PN ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:19:34,730 --> 00:19:39,750
667
+ exponents ุงู„ุฃุณุณ Alpha 1 ูˆ Alpha 2 ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:19:39,750 --> 00:19:45,780
671
+ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง prime ู„ุญุงู„ู‡
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:19:45,780 --> 00:19:52,300
675
+ ู…ุญู„ ู„ูˆ ุฎู„ุต ููŠุด ุบูŠุฑู‡ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ูˆู„ุช ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุนุดุฑูŠู†
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:19:52,300 --> 00:19:56,660
679
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:19:56,660 --> 00:20:02,760
683
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† prime ูˆุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃุณ ูˆุงุญุฏ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:20:02,760 --> 00:20:07,680
687
+ ูˆุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฃุณ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ Alpha ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆAlpha
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:20:07,680 --> 00:20:12,640
691
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจู‚ุฏุงุด ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ูˆู„ุช for example
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:20:13,750 --> 00:20:20,090
695
+ for example ู„ูˆ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:20:20,090 --> 00:20:25,810
699
+ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ู„ุช ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:20:25,810 --> 00:20:30,830
703
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชุฑุจูŠุน ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงุทู„ุน ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ prime ูˆุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:20:30,830 --> 00:20:35,310
707
+ ุงู„ prime ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุตุบุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ ุงู„
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:20:35,310 --> 00:20:40,730
711
+ conditional ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:20:40,730 --> 00:20:43,550
715
+ ู‚ู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุณุชูŠู†
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:20:49,240 --> 00:20:59,130
719
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุจุณุชูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุทุจ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:20:59,130 --> 00:21:04,110
723
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:21:04,110 --> 00:21:10,570
727
+ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชุฑุจูŠุน
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:21:10,570 --> 00:21:15,050
731
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† a prime ูˆ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ prime ูˆ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:21:15,050 --> 00:21:19,510
735
+ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ prime ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณุณ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนุงุฏูŠ ุฌุฏุง ู„ูˆ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:21:19,510 --> 00:21:24,370
739
+ ุฌูŠุชูŠ ู‚ูˆู„ุชู„ูƒ ู…ุด ุณุชูŠู† ูƒุจุฑู‡ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ุซู„ุง ุชู„ุงุชู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุณุชูŠู†
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:21:26,060 --> 00:21:31,920
743
+ ุชู„ุงุชู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุณุชูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:21:31,920 --> 00:21:37,210
747
+ ุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:21:37,210 --> 00:21:42,570
751
+ ูˆุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ุชุณุนูŠู† ููŠ ุฃุฑุจุน ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุฅุฐุง ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ููŠ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:21:42,570 --> 00:21:49,210
755
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:21:49,210 --> 00:21:54,170
759
+ ูˆุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุชุณุนุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:21:54,170 --> 00:22:01,030
763
+ ุงูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ููŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุงุญุธ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:22:01,030 --> 00:22:08,010
767
+ ุงู„ู€Primes ู…ุฑุชุจุฉ 2 3 5 ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุณ 3 2 1 ุนุงุฏูŠ ุฌุฏุง ู…ุงุนู†ุงุด
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:22:08,010 --> 00:22:12,810
771
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€Alpha ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู€Primes ูƒู„
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:22:12,810 --> 00:22:20,170
775
+ ุงู„ู€Alpha ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุณุณ ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ูˆุงู„ู€P ู…ุฑุชุจุฉ P1 P2 P3
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:22:20,170 --> 00:22:24,310
779
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ูŠุฌูŠ ููŠ ุจุงู„ูƒ ุงู†
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:22:24,310 --> 00:22:28,910
783
+ ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู ูˆุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุงู„ู ุฌุฏุง
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:22:28,910 --> 00:22:32,770
787
+ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฌูŠ ููŠ ุจุงู„ูƒ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชูƒุชุจู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุตู„
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:22:32,770 --> 00:22:36,330
791
+ ุถุฑุจ ุงุด ุงู„ู€primes ู…ุฎุฏู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุฌ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑุด ุงุดูˆู
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:22:36,330 --> 00:22:40,730
795
+ ุฃูƒู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงูƒู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุงูƒู… ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงูƒู… ุณุจุนุฉ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:22:40,730 --> 00:22:46,990
799
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุฎุฑูŠู† ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุจู‡ุฐุง ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ุชุนุฑูŠู
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:22:46,990 --> 00:22:51,870
803
+ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุนู ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุงู„ุฃุตุบุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:22:51,870 --> 00:22:57,110
807
+ ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูˆุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู…ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงุจุชุฏุงุฆูŠุฉ ูˆ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:22:57,110 --> 00:23:01,270
811
+ ุงู„ุงุนุฏุงุฏูŠุฉ ู…ุด ุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุฑู‚ุงู…ูŠู† ุฃูˆ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:23:01,270 --> 00:23:05,070
815
+ ูƒุณุฑูŠู† ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชูˆุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู…ุงุช ูˆ ุชุดูˆู ุงู„ู‚ุงุณุฑูŠู† ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุด
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:23:05,070 --> 00:23:08,970
819
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุนุทูŠ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:23:08,970 --> 00:23:15,950
823
+ definition the least common multiple the least
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:23:15,950 --> 00:23:19,790
827
+ common multiple
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:23:22,680 --> 00:23:29,420
831
+ least common multiple of two
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:23:29,420 --> 00:23:41,200
835
+ non-zero integers a and b
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:23:41,200 --> 00:23:44,720
839
+ is the smallest
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:23:51,050 --> 00:23:58,930
843
+ positive integer positive
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:23:58,930 --> 00:24:12,090
847
+ integer that is a multiple of
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:24:12,090 --> 00:24:19,270
851
+ both a and b
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:24:23,210 --> 00:24:35,310
855
+ we do not add by least common multiple ู„ู„ a ูˆุงู„b
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:24:54,470 --> 00:25:00,410
859
+ common ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ least ุฃู‚ู„ multiple ู…ุถุงุนูุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุณู…ู‰
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:25:00,410 --> 00:25:06,450
863
+ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุนู ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุงู„ุฃุตุบุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุดูˆู ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฑู‚ู…
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:25:06,450 --> 00:25:11,610
867
+ ุจูŠู‚ุณู… ูƒู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ the least
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:25:11,610 --> 00:25:19,390
871
+ common multiple ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฑู‚ู… ูŠู‚ุณู… non-zero integers a
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:25:19,390 --> 00:25:25,870
875
+ ูˆุงู„b ูŠุจู‚ู‰ of two non-zero integers a and b
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:25:30,190 --> 00:25:36,490
879
+ is the smallest positive integer ุฃุตุบุฑ ุนุฏุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:25:36,490 --> 00:25:41,850
883
+ ู…ูˆุฌุจ that is a multiple of both a and b ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุตุบุฑ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:25:41,850 --> 00:25:47,940
887
+ ุนุฏุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุถุงุนูุงุช ุงู„ a ูˆุงู„b ููŠ ุขู† ูˆุงุญุฏ we denote it
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:25:47,940 --> 00:25:55,440
891
+ by ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ main a ูˆ b ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู†ุฏู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑู…ุฒ least
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:25:55,440 --> 00:25:59,700
895
+ common multiple of a ูˆ b ุฒูŠ ู…ุฌุฑุณูŠุณ common divisor
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:25:59,700 --> 00:26:05,080
899
+ ู‚ุฏู†ุง g,c,d ู‡ู†ุง least common multiple ูŠุจู‚ู‰ l,c,m ู‡ูˆ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:26:05,080 --> 00:26:09,300
903
+ ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ู„ู„ least common multiple ู†ุนุทูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ ู…ุซู„ุง
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:26:09,300 --> 00:26:10,020
907
+ example
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:26:14,420 --> 00:26:19,020
911
+ ู„ูˆ ุฏูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ least common multiple
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:26:19,020 --> 00:26:26,920
915
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ุณุช ูˆ ุงุชู†ุงุด ุงูŠุด ุงูˆู„ ุฑู‚ู… ุจูŠู‚ุงุจู„ู†ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ุณู… ูƒู„ู‡ ู…ู†
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:26:26,920 --> 00:26:40,600
919
+ ุงู„ุณุช ูˆ ุงุชู†ุงุด ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุงูˆู„ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู†
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:26:40,600 --> 00:26:45,580
923
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ ููŠ ุงู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ุฌุฏุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:26:45,580 --> 00:26:50,740
927
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‰ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงุด ุงูˆ ุงุชู†ุงุด ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุชู†ุงุด ู‡ูˆ ุงูˆู„
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:26:50,740 --> 00:26:54,860
931
+ ุฑู‚ู… ุจูŠู‚ุงุจู„ู†ูŠ ุงู„ุณุช ุจูŠ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุณู…ู‡ ูˆ ุงุชู†ุงุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:26:54,860 --> 00:27:00,080
935
+ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุนู ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุงู„ุฃุตุบุฑ ู„ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุทุจุนุง ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:27:00,080 --> 00:27:07,300
939
+ ู‚ูˆู„ุชูƒ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ least common multiple ู„ู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณุช
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:27:07,300 --> 00:27:09,200
943
+ ุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:27:12,570 --> 00:27:17,970
947
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงูˆู„ ุฑู‚ู… ุจูŠุฌุงุจู„ูƒ ุจุญูŠุซ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:27:17,970 --> 00:27:20,510
951
+ ู‡ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ู… ูŠู‚ุณู…ูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:27:26,370 --> 00:27:32,690
955
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ 12 ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆู„ ุฑู‚ู… ุจูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:27:32,690 --> 00:27:38,150
959
+ ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุจุนุฏู‡ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:27:38,150 --> 00:27:42,310
963
+ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุฌุณู…ูˆู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:27:42,310 --> 00:27:46,240
967
+ ูˆุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุจุชุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ 24
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:27:46,240 --> 00:27:51,240
971
+ ู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ 12 ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ least
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:27:51,240 --> 00:27:57,940
975
+ common multiple ู„ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:28:09,050 --> 00:28:17,090
979
+ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ least common multiple ู„ุณุชุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:28:21,130 --> 00:28:25,110
983
+ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุณุชูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุณุชุฉ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:28:25,110 --> 00:28:31,690
987
+ ูˆุจุชู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ูˆุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:28:31,690 --> 00:28:36,110
991
+ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ูˆู„ุชู„ูƒ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ least common multiple
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:28:36,110 --> 00:28:39,650
995
+ ู„ู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงุทู…ุนุงุด
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:28:42,730 --> 00:28:49,110
999
+ ุณุชูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุณุชูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุณุชูŠู† ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆููŠ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:28:49,110 --> 00:28:52,610
1003
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดูˆู ุงู„ุงุจุชุฏุงุฆูŠ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุนู
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:28:52,610 --> 00:28:56,130
1007
+ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ู„ู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ุจุณ ุฃู†ุช ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุจุชุฏุงุฆูŠ ุนู„ุดุงู†
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:28:56,130 --> 00:28:58,970
1011
+ ุชุดูˆู ุงู„ู‚ุตูˆุฑ ุจุดูˆู ุงู„ู…ุถุงุนูุงุช ู„ู„ู‚ุตูˆุฑ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:29:01,120 --> 00:29:05,080
1015
+ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ LCM ูˆุงู„ู€ multiple ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู†
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:29:05,080 --> 00:29:10,240
1019
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู‡ู… ู…ุซู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:29:10,240 --> 00:29:16,000
1023
+ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุชุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:29:16,000 --> 00:29:19,640
1027
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซ ูˆ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:29:19,640 --> 00:29:22,840
1031
+ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:29:22,840 --> 00:29:27,600
1035
+ ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุซู†ุงุด ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุณูˆูŠ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:29:27,600 --> 00:29:33,200
1039
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู‡ู… ูˆู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ูŠู†ุฒู„ ุนู† ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:29:33,200 --> 00:29:38,560
1043
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ุฑู‚ู… ุฑุงู‡ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ุฃู‚ู„ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู†ุฒู„
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:29:38,560 --> 00:29:42,340
1047
+ ุฎู„ุงุต ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณูˆูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู‡ู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูŠู†
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:29:42,340 --> 00:29:47,000
1051
+ ุงู„ู€ least common multiple ููŠ ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ู„ูƒ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:29:47,000 --> 00:29:50,460
1055
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู„ู…ู‘ู‚ ุจู‡ุง remark
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:29:52,920 --> 00:29:57,940
1059
+ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ list common
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:29:57,940 --> 00:30:02,400
1063
+ multiple ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ greatest common divisor ู„ู‡ู…
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:30:02,400 --> 00:30:09,020
1067
+ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุจุงุทูŠู†ูŠ ุญุตู„ ุถุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:30:09,020 --> 00:30:13,730
1071
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุฏูŠ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ the greatest common
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:30:13,730 --> 00:30:18,730
1075
+ divisor ู„ู„ู€ A ูˆุงู„ู€ B ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ least common
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:30:18,730 --> 00:30:25,350
1079
+ multiple ู„ู„ู€ A ูˆุงู„ู€ B ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณูˆูŠ ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ู€ A ููŠ ุงู„ู€ B
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:30:25,350 --> 00:30:26,830
1083
+ for example
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:30:31,240 --> 00:30:35,420
1087
+ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุทูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:30:35,420 --> 00:30:41,580
1091
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุฃูŠ ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† a ูˆ b ูู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:30:41,580 --> 00:30:46,940
1095
+ the greatest common divisor ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฎุชุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:30:46,940 --> 00:30:53,100
1099
+ ููŠู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง 12 ูˆ 10 ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:30:53,100 --> 00:31:00,590
1103
+ ู‡ูŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆ ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:31:00,590 --> 00:31:04,730
1107
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุบูŠุฑู‡ู… ู„ุฃ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ greatest common
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:31:04,730 --> 00:31:09,610
1111
+ divisor ู‚ุฏ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:31:09,610 --> 00:31:17,790
1115
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† andุงู„ู€ least common multiple ู„ู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ ู‡ูŠ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:31:17,790 --> 00:31:24,090
1119
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‚ุฏุงุด ุณุชูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฑูˆุญ ุงุถุฑุจ the greatest common
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:31:24,090 --> 00:31:30,310
1123
+ divisor ู„ู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ู€ least common
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:31:30,310 --> 00:31:35,660
1127
+ multiple ู„ู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ greatest common
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:31:35,660 --> 00:31:40,920
1131
+ divisor ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู€ least common multiple ู‡ูˆ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:31:40,920 --> 00:31:48,640
1135
+ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุณุชูŠู† ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุญุตู„
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:31:48,640 --> 00:31:55,530
1139
+ ุถุฑุจ ุนุดุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ููŠ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:31:55,530 --> 00:32:00,530
1143
+ ุงู„ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ุชุงุฎุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ least common
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:32:00,530 --> 00:32:02,970
1147
+ multiple ุฃูˆ ุถุฑุจู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ greatest least common
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:32:02,970 --> 00:32:07,230
1151
+ divisor ุจูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:32:07,230 --> 00:32:11,620
1155
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุณุคุงู„ ู„ูƒู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฃุช ุฃุฎุฏู‡ุง ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:32:11,620 --> 00:32:17,700
1159
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชู„ุฒู…ู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู… ูˆุณุชู„ุฒู… ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ู…ุณุงุฆู„
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:32:17,700 --> 00:32:22,820
1163
+ ุงู„ุฌุจุฑ ู‚ุฏุงู… ูˆู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุนุทูŠุชู„ูƒ carry mark ูˆู„ูŠุณ ูƒุณุคุงู„
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:32:22,820 --> 00:32:29,480
1167
+ ุญุชู‰ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู…ุชู‰ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:32:29,480 --> 00:32:33,060
1171
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ section ูƒู„ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุช ูƒู„ู‡
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:32:33,060 --> 00:32:37,880
1175
+ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ integers ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง modular
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:32:51,930 --> 00:32:59,810
1179
+ arithmetic ู†ุนุทูŠ definition let
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:32:59,810 --> 00:33:03,430
1183
+ n
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:33:03,430 --> 00:33:07,950
1187
+ be a fixed positive
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:33:18,660 --> 00:33:28,100
1191
+ integer for any integers a
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:33:28,100 --> 00:33:33,460
1195
+ and b for
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:33:33,460 --> 00:33:38,620
1199
+ any integer a and b ุงู„
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:33:38,620 --> 00:33:50,090
1203
+ a ุฒุงุฆุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ b ุงู„ู€ a ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ู€ b modulo n modulo n is
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:33:50,090 --> 00:33:59,770
1207
+ the remainder is the remainder is upon dividing
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:33:59,770 --> 00:34:17,380
1211
+ upon dividing upon dividing a ุฒุงุฆุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ V by N ุงู„
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:34:17,380 --> 00:34:29,800
1215
+ A ุถุฏ B modulo N is the remainder upon dividing AB
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:34:29,800 --> 00:34:31,960
1219
+ by N
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:34:53,330 --> 00:34:56,790
1223
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ุฑุงูุนูŠู† ุนู†ูˆุงู† modular arithmetic
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:34:56,790 --> 00:35:01,470
1227
+ arithmetic ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุญุณุงุจ modular ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:35:01,470 --> 00:35:07,170
1231
+ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:35:07,170 --> 00:35:11,850
1235
+ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูŠูŠุณ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎุฏ ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู…ุนูŠู† ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุฃุฌูŠุจ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:35:11,850 --> 00:35:17,010
1239
+ ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจ
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:35:17,010 --> 00:35:22,390
1243
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูŠูŠุณ ู†ุนุทูŠ ุชุนุฑูŠู ู„ู€ modular arithmetic
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:35:23,020 --> 00:35:29,020
1247
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ุนุฏุฏ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนุฏุฏ ุซุงุจุช ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุซุงุจุช
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:35:29,020 --> 00:35:33,300
1251
+ ุซุจุชู†ุง
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:35:33,300 --> 00:35:37,860
1255
+ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุณู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:35:37,860 --> 00:35:42,970
1259
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุงู‡ ุชู…ุงู… ุจู‚ูˆู„ for
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:35:42,970 --> 00:35:49,430
1263
+ any integers ู„ุฃูŠ ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† a ูˆ b a ุฒุงุฆุฏ b modulo n ุงูŠุด
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:35:49,430 --> 00:35:55,090
1267
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง is the remainder ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ upon
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:35:55,090 --> 00:36:02,330
1271
+ dividing ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ู‚ุณู…ุฉ a ุฒุงุฆุฏ b by m ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒูŠู ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:36:02,330 --> 00:36:07,120
1275
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุนุฏุฏูŠู† a ูˆ b ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุฑู‚ู… ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:36:07,120 --> 00:36:14,240
1279
+ ุงูุชุฑุถ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ N ุฃุฎุฏู‡ุง ุจุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆุฃุฎุฏ ุงู„ู€ A ูˆ ุงู„ู€ B ูˆุงุญุฏ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:36:14,240 --> 00:36:19,180
1283
+ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุณุนุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุชุณุนุฉ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ ุณุชุฉ ุนุดุฑ ู…ุฏูŠู„ ูˆ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:36:19,180 --> 00:36:24,040
1287
+ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชู‡ู…ู„ ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุธู„ ูƒุฏู‡ุด ุจูŠุธู„
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:36:24,040 --> 00:36:24,360
1291
+ ุณุชุฉ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:36:29,050 --> 00:36:34,470
1295
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุชุณุนุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ modulo ุนุดุฑุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:36:34,470 --> 00:36:38,950
1299
+ remainder ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณุชุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู‡ู… ู„ู„ุนุดุฑุงุช ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:36:38,950 --> 00:36:45,920
1303
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃู„ู ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุญู…ู„ ูƒู„ 360 ูˆุงุฎุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:36:45,920 --> 00:36:49,980
1307
+ ุจูŠุธู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:36:49,980 --> 00:36:56,760
1311
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจูŠู‚ุณู…
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:36:56,760 --> 00:37:03,700
1315
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู€ remainder ู‚ุฏุงุดุŸ ู‚ุฏุงุดุŸ Zero ุชู…ุงู…
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:37:03,700 --> 00:37:11,980
1319
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒ ู‡ู†ุง 6 modulo 2 ุณุชุฉ modulo
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:37:11,980 --> 00:37:17,460
1323
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุจุชู‚ุณู…
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:37:17,460 --> 00:37:22,260
1327
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง ุณุชุฉ ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:37:22,260 --> 00:37:27,820
1331
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุฏู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† zero ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุง
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:37:27,820 --> 00:37:34,080
1335
+ ุดุจุงุจ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ุงู„ู€ remainder ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ because ุงู„ุณุชุฉ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:37:34,080 --> 00:37:40,060
1339
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฒุงุฆุฏ zero ู„ูŠุด
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:37:40,060 --> 00:37:42,800
1343
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุชุช ููŠ ุงู„ู€ division
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:37:42,800 --> 00:37:48,520
1347
+ algorithm ุฃูŠ ุฑู‚ู… ู‡ู†ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ ุจุฏู„ุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ู‡ุฐุง
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:37:48,520 --> 00:37:53,800
1351
+ ุฒุงุฆุฏ R ุงู„ู€ R ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Zero ูˆุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฃูˆ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:37:53,800 --> 00:37:59,240
1355
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ remainder ู‡ู†ุง ุจู‚ุฏุงุด ุจู€ Zero
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:37:59,240 --> 00:38:06,400
1359
+ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:38:06,400 --> 00:38:13,330
1363
+ modulo ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู…ุงู… ูƒู„ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุงุช ุจุฏูŠ ุงุญู…ู„ู‡ุง ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:38:13,330 --> 00:38:19,310
1367
+ ุซู„ุงุซุงุช ุจุชุณุนุฉ ุจูŠุธู„ ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠุด ูˆุงุญุฏ ุดูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:38:19,310 --> 00:38:24,750
1371
+ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:38:24,750 --> 00:38:29,310
1375
+ ุงู„ู€ remainder ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู„ู‡ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:38:29,310 --> 00:38:33,510
1379
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ remainder ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:38:33,510 --> 00:38:40,270
1383
+ ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠุด ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทูŠุจ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู†ู‚ุต ุซู„ุงุซุฉ modulo
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:38:40,270 --> 00:38:45,370
1387
+ ุณุจุนุฉ ูƒูŠู
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:38:45,370 --> 00:38:53,020
1391
+ ุฃุณูˆูŠ ุจูƒู„ ุจุณุงุทุฉ ุถูŠู ู„ู„ู€ ุณุงู„ุจ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:38:53,020 --> 00:38:57,340
1395
+ ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุณุงู„ุจ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุจูŠุธู„ ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠุด ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:38:57,340 --> 00:39:04,720
1399
+ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจูƒูˆุฒ ุณุงู„ุจ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ููŠ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:39:04,720 --> 00:39:11,280
1403
+ ุฃุจุตุฑ ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠุด ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทู„ุนุช ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู…ุงู…
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:39:11,280 --> 00:39:17,100
1407
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุณุจุนุฉ ููŠ ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠุด ู…ุดุงู† ูŠุทู„ุน ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ููŠ ูƒุงู… ููŠ
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:39:17,100 --> 00:39:21,500
1411
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ุณุจุนุฉ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:39:21,500 --> 00:39:24,780
1415
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ remainder ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุชุช ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:39:24,780 --> 00:39:30,320
1419
+ ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูˆุฃุจุฏุง ุจู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:39:30,320 --> 00:39:37,000
1423
+ ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒ ู‡ู†ุง ุณุชุฉ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุณุจุนุฉ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:39:37,000 --> 00:39:48,310
1427
+ modulo ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุณุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนุดุฑ modulo ุฎู…ุณุฉ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:39:48,310 --> 00:39:54,490
1431
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:39:54,490 --> 00:40:02,830
1435
+ ุณุชุฉ ููŠ ุณุจุนุฉ modulo ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ููŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ุณุชุฉ ููŠ ุณุจุนุฉ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:40:02,830 --> 00:40:07,950
1439
+ ุจู€ 42 ุดูŠู„ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุงุช ู…ู† 42 ุจุชุทู„ุน ุงุซู†ูŠู†
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:40:07,950 --> 00:40:17,550
1443
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ 42 modulo modulo ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:40:17,550 --> 00:40:25,860
1447
+ ู‚ุฏุงุด ูˆูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุทูŠุจ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃู‚ู„
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:40:25,860 --> 00:40:32,380
1451
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฌูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:40:32,380 --> 00:40:40,500
1455
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ุซู„ุงุซุฉ modulo ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุฎุท
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:40:40,500 --> 00:40:46,120
1459
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ modulo ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูƒู„ ุฑู‚ู… ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู†
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:40:46,120 --> 00:40:51,180
1463
+ ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ููŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ modulo ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:40:51,180 --> 00:40:54,480
1467
+ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† modulo ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ modulo ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:40:54,480 --> 00:41:00,960
1471
+ ุจุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ modulo ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุณุชุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ modulo ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุทูŠุจ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:41:00,960 --> 00:41:06,440
1475
+ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ modulo ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุตูุฑ ุตูุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุทูŠุจ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:41:06,440 --> 00:41:11,620
1479
+ ุชุณุนุฉ modulo ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูู‡ู…ู†ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:41:11,620 --> 00:41:15,680
1483
+ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจุงุช ุฏูŠ ุจุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉ ูƒุฏู‡ very important ู‡ุชู„ุนุจ ู…ุนุงู†ุง
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:41:15,680 --> 00:41:19,100
1487
+ ุดุบู„ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฌุจุฑ ุชุจุนู†ุง
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:41:39,200 --> 00:41:46,120
1491
+ ูˆุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู definition
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:41:46,120 --> 00:41:51,400
1495
+ let
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:41:51,400 --> 00:42:06,620
1499
+ ุงู„ู€ a ูˆุงู„ู€ b ูˆุงู„ู€ n be integers with n greater than
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:42:06,620 --> 00:42:26,500
1503
+ A modulo N ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ B modulo N if they
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:42:26,500 --> 00:42:31,860
1507
+ have
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:42:31,860 --> 00:42:37,820
1511
+ the same remainder
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:42:40,440 --> 00:42:49,820
1515
+ if they have the same remainder upon dividing
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:42:49,820 --> 00:43:06,900
1519
+ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ู‚ุณู…ุฉ each one of a and b by n ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ู‚ุณู…ุฉ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:43:06,900 --> 00:43:09,920
1523
+ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู‡ู… by n
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:43:20,050 --> 00:43:25,130
1527
+ ุชุนุฑูŠู ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ a
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:43:25,130 --> 00:43:30,490
1531
+ ูˆ b ูˆ n ูˆ ุงู„ n greater than zero ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุฏุฏ ู…ูˆุฌุจ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:43:30,490 --> 00:43:36,090
1535
+ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ูˆ ุฃุจุฏุงู‹ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู† ุงู„ a modulo n ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:43:36,090 --> 00:43:42,230
1539
+ b modulo n ุดูˆ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุฃู† ู„ูˆ ู‚ุณู…ุช ุงู„ a
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:43:42,230 --> 00:43:47,870
1543
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ n ุจูŠุธู„ ุงู„ remainder ู„ูˆ ู‚ุณู…ุช ุงู„ู€ b
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:43:47,870 --> 00:43:50,630
1547
+ ุนู„ู‰ N ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ู€ remainder ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ remainder ู‡ู†ุง
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:43:50,630 --> 00:43:54,270
1551
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ remainder ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ if
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:43:54,270 --> 00:43:58,950
1555
+ they have the same remainder ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:43:58,950 --> 00:44:04,270
1559
+ ู„ู‚ุณู…ุฉ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† A ูˆB ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ N ู…ุซุงู„ุงู‹ ูˆ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:44:04,270 --> 00:44:12,350
1563
+ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ูˆ ุฌุงูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุณุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ modulo ุณุชุฉ ู‚ุฏุงุด
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:44:12,350 --> 00:44:17,670
1567
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ ุณุชุฉ ูˆุณุชุฉ ูˆุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ ู…ู† ุณุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:44:17,670 --> 00:44:19,150
1571
+ ุจูŠุธู„ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:44:21,240 --> 00:44:28,140
1575
+ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† modulo ุณุชุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:44:28,140 --> 00:44:34,480
1579
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงูŠุด ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุณุชู†ุชุฌ ุฃู† ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:44:34,480 --> 00:44:41,550
1583
+ modulo ุณุชุฉ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† modulo ุณุชุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:44:41,550 --> 00:44:45,570
1587
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุณุงูˆูˆุง ุจุนุถ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ุจุฏูŠ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:44:45,570 --> 00:44:50,830
1591
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ู†ูุณู‡ู… ุจุฏูˆู† ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:44:50,830 --> 00:44:55,090
1595
+ ุทูŠุจ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุณุคุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุทูŠู‡ ู„ูƒ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:44:55,090 --> 00:45:00,250
1599
+ ูƒู…ุซุงู„ ุณุคุงู„ ุฑู‚ู… ุชุณุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:45:00,250 --> 00:45:05,010
1603
+ example ู…ุฑุจูˆุท ู…ุน ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:45:05,010 --> 00:45:13,460
1607
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุชุณุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ if A and B are
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:45:13,460 --> 00:45:25,320
1611
+ integers ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ and N is a positive
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:45:25,320 --> 00:45:38,070
1615
+ integer positive integer prove that ุงุซุจุช ุฃู† Proof
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:45:38,070 --> 00:45:48,130
1619
+ that A modulo N ุจุฏูˆ
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:45:48,130 --> 00:45:59,270
1623
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ B modulo N if and only if N divides A
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:45:59,270 --> 00:46:00,310
1627
+ minus B
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:46:28,860 --> 00:46:35,040
1631
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† a ูˆ b ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุงู„
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:46:35,040 --> 00:46:40,540
1635
+ n ู‡ูˆ positive integer ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ ุงุซุจุช ู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ a modulo
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:46:40,540 --> 00:46:44,620
1639
+ n ุจุฏูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ b modulo n ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ remainder ุชุจุน ุงู„ a
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:46:44,620 --> 00:46:48,300
1643
+ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ู‚ุณู…ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ n ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ remainder ุชุจุน ุงู„ b ู„ู…ุง
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:46:48,300 --> 00:46:52,000
1647
+ ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ู‚ุณู…ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ n if and only if ุงู„ n ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ู…ุง
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:46:52,000 --> 00:46:57,480
1651
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ a ูˆ ุงู„ b if and only if ุชุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจุฏูŠ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:46:57,480 --> 00:47:02,990
1655
+ ุชุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ูŠู† ุจุณ ู„ูˆ if ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:47:02,990 --> 00:47:06,430
1659
+ ุจุฏูŠ ู†ุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ if and only if ูƒุฃู†
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:47:06,430 --> 00:47:12,150
1663
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุณุฃู„ุชูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ term ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:47:12,150 --> 00:47:16,470
1667
+ ูƒู…ุง ุฃุนุทูŠุชู‡ ุจู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุซุจุช ุงู„ term ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:47:16,470 --> 00:47:20,470
1671
+ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฉ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู…ุง ุฃุนุทูŠุชู‡ ุจู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุซุจุช ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:47:20,470 --> 00:47:24,970
1675
+ term ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ assume
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:47:27,060 --> 00:47:35,820
1679
+ that ุงูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ a modulo n ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ b modulo
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:47:35,820 --> 00:47:45,980
1683
+ n ุทูŠุจ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ division algorithm ุงู„ a ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:47:45,980 --> 00:47:54,750
1687
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ู…ุง ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ a ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:47:54,750 --> 00:48:09,230
1691
+ there exist ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ q1 ูˆ r1 ููŠ z such that ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู†
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:48:10,850 --> 00:48:15,570
1695
+ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฌูŠุจู‡ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจู„ุงุด ู†ู‚ุนุฏ ู†ูุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:48:15,570 --> 00:48:24,330
1699
+ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ there exist a q1 ูˆ q2 ูˆ r1 ูˆ r2 and z
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:48:24,330 --> 00:48:29,210
1703
+ such that ุงู„
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:48:29,210 --> 00:48:43,290
1707
+ a ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ q1n ุฒุงุฆุฏ r1 and ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ R1 ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูƒุจุฑ
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:48:43,290 --> 00:48:50,470
1711
+ ู…ู† ุฃูˆ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ zero ูˆ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู† n ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:48:50,470 --> 00:49:01,130
1715
+ ุงู„ B ูŠุจู‚ู‰ Q2N ุฒุงุฆุฏ R2 ูˆR2 ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูˆ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ 0 ุฃู‚ู„
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:49:01,130 --> 00:49:08,810
1719
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ N ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ูƒุฎูˆุงุฑุฒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุณู…ุฉ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:49:08,810 --> 00:49:14,070
1723
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงูุชุฑุถ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูˆุง ุจุนุถ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:49:14,070 --> 00:49:18,070
1727
+ ุงู„ remainder ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุณุงูˆูˆุง ุงู„ remainder ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:49:18,390 --> 00:49:23,930
1731
+ r ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ r ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุจู…ุง ุฃู†
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:49:23,930 --> 00:49:34,310
1735
+ since ุงู„ a modulo n ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ b modulo n we
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:49:34,310 --> 00:49:35,370
1739
+ have
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:49:42,050 --> 00:49:47,810
1743
+ ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุฃู† ุงู„ n ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ a ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ b ุฅุฐุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃุทุฑุญ ุงู„
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:49:47,810 --> 00:49:56,090
1747
+ a ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ b ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุฃู† ุงู„ a ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ b ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ a
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:49:56,090 --> 00:50:08,980
1751
+ ู‡ูˆ q1n ุฒุงุฆุฏ r1 ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุงู‚ุต Q2N ู†ุงู‚ุต R2 ุชู…ุงู…
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:50:08,980 --> 00:50:18,620
1755
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Q1 ู†ุงู‚ุต Q2 ูƒู„ู‡ ููŠ N ุฒุงุฆุฏ ู…ุด
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:50:18,620 --> 00:50:25,860
1759
+ R1 ุชุณุงูˆูŠ R2 ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณู‡ู„
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:50:25,860 --> 00:50:32,290
1763
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุฃู† ุฃู†ุง ู‚ู„ุช R1 ุชุณุงูˆูŠ R2 ู‡ุฐู‡
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:50:32,290 --> 00:50:37,510
1767
+ ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…ุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุฎุฏู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ N
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:50:37,510 --> 00:50:44,930
1771
+ ุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ A ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ B ุงู„ A ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ B ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:50:44,930 --> 00:50:53,890
1775
+ Q1 ู†ุงู‚ุต Q2 ูƒู„ู‡ ููŠ .. ุงูŠุด ุชูุณูŠุฑูƒ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู† ุงู„ N ุจูŠู‚ุณู…
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:50:53,890 --> 00:51:01,480
1779
+ ุงู„ A minus ุงู„ B ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ N divide ุงู„ A
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:51:01,480 --> 00:51:07,900
1783
+ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ B ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู…ุดูŠ ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:51:07,900 --> 00:51:13,440
1787
+ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู…ุดูŠ ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ conversely
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:51:13,440 --> 00:51:21,380
1791
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ conversely ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ assume ุงูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ N
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:51:21,380 --> 00:51:27,740
1795
+ divide ุงู„ A minus ุงู„ B ูˆุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุงุซุจุช ุฃู† ุงู„ a
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:51:27,740 --> 00:51:33,900
1799
+ modulo n ุจุฏูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ b modulo n ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงูŠู‡
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:51:33,900 --> 00:51:42,480
1803
+ ุฃู† ุงู„ a ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ b ุจุฏูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ aq ููŠ n ูˆ ุงู„ aq ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:51:42,480 --> 00:51:51,230
1807
+ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ z ููŠ remainder ู…ุง ููŠุด remainder ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:51:51,230 --> 00:51:56,090
1811
+ ุจุชู‚ุณู…ู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ remainder ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู… ุจุฏูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠุŸ Zero
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:51:56,090 --> 00:52:03,750
1815
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ and ุงู„ R1 ู†ุงู‚ุต R2 ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Zero
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:52:03,750 --> 00:52:07,750
1819
+ ู„ุฃู† ุฃู†ุง ุทุฑุญุช ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ุจุนุถ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ two
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:52:07,750 --> 00:52:13,580
1823
+ remainders ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูุฑุถ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ู„ู…ุง
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:52:13,580 --> 00:52:20,520
1827
+ ุงู†ุทุฑุญูˆุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ R1 ู†ุงู‚ุต R2 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ R1 ู†ุงู‚ุต R2 ุจู‚ุฏุงุด
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:52:20,520 --> 00:52:27,640
1831
+ ุจ Zero ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ R1 ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:52:27,640 --> 00:52:32,720
1835
+ remainder ู„ู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ remainder ู„ู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:52:32,720 --> 00:52:39,620
1839
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ A modulo N ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ B modulo N
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:52:39,620 --> 00:52:44,480
1843
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ remainder ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:52:44,480 --> 00:52:49,000
1847
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃุจุณุท ู…ู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒู… ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:52:49,000 --> 00:52:52,340
1851
+ ุจู†ูƒู…ู„ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ
PL9fwy3NUQKwZKOpj354PRgwYPWWgxchnI/eNtIlTkhU3g_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1852 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,160 --> 00:00:25,200
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู†ูƒู…ู„ ู…ุง
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:25,200 --> 00:00:30,420
7
+ ุงุจุชุฏุฃู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุงู†ู†ุง ู„ุงุฒู…ู†ุง ููŠ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:30,420 --> 00:00:35,180
11
+ chapter ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ู„ู„ abstract algebra ู„ู‡ุฐุง
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:35,180 --> 00:00:41,350
15
+ ุงู„ูุตู„ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุงุชุนุฑุถู†ุง ู„ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ sets ุงู„
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:41,350 --> 00:00:46,410
19
+ natural numbers ุงู„ set of integers ุงู„ rational
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:46,410 --> 00:00:49,870
23
+ numbers ุงู„ real numbers ุงู„ complex numbers ุซู…
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:49,870 --> 00:00:55,970
27
+ ุงุชุนุฑุถู†ุง ู„ู„ู‚ุณู…ุฉ ูˆ ุฎูˆุงุฑุฒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุณู…ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ primes ุงู„ู„ูŠ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:55,970 --> 00:01:02,310
31
+ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู…ุถุงุนูุงุช ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุกุงู„ูŠูˆู…
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:02,310 --> 00:01:05,890
35
+ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุงูˆ ุทุจุนู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ regression
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:05,890 --> 00:01:10,510
39
+ common divisor ูˆูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ regression common
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:10,510 --> 00:01:15,490
43
+ divisor ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ linear combination ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู†
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:15,490 --> 00:01:18,930
47
+ ุชุจุนุงุช regression common divisor ู„ two elements a ูˆ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:18,930 --> 00:01:24,230
51
+ b ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒู… ูƒุชุงุจุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ a s ุฒุงุฆุฏ t ููŠ b
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:24,230 --> 00:01:30,230
55
+ ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ s ูˆ t ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ set of integersุจุฏู†ุง
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:30,230 --> 00:01:39,270
59
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ุงู† ู„ู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠุฃุชูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:39,270 --> 00:01:49,070
63
+ if P is a prime if P is a prime ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† P ุนุฏุฏ ุฃูˆู„ูŠ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:49,070 --> 00:02:00,310
67
+ and ุงู„ P divide ุญุตู„ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ A ููŠ B thenุงู„ P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:02:00,310 --> 00:02:15,850
71
+ A ุงูˆ ุงู„ P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ B ู„ู…ุง
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:02:15,850 --> 00:02:20,880
75
+ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉุฒูŠ ูˆ ู„ุง ุชุดุจูŠู‡
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:20,880 --> 00:02:25,180
79
+ ุจู‚ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุฒู…ุงู† ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุง
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:25,180 --> 00:02:31,240
83
+ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู„ู…ู‘ุฉ ุจุณ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:31,240 --> 00:02:36,100
87
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ููŠ ู„ู…ู‘ุฉ ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ู„ู…ู‘ุฉ ุณู…ุนุชูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:36,100 --> 00:02:41,400
91
+ ู„ู…ู‘ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุขูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู†
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:41,400 --> 00:02:44,540
95
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู… ุญุฏ ุจุนุฑูู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุขูŠุฉ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:48,770 --> 00:02:54,810
99
+ ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ูˆู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ู„ู…ุง ูู‚ุท ุจุฏูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุตูˆุฑุฉ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:54,810 --> 00:03:02,150
103
+ ุงูŠุด ููŠ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุญุฌุฑุงุช ู„ุฃ ูŠุง ุฑุงุฌู„ ุชุงุฌูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:03:02,150 --> 00:03:10,830
107
+ ูˆุชุฃูƒู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุชุฑุงุซ ุฃูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูุฌุฑ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ุฌุฏุง ุทูŠุจ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:03:10,830 --> 00:03:16,460
111
+ ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู„ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉูˆ ุชุฃูƒู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุชุฑุงุซ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:03:16,460 --> 00:03:18,020
115
+ ุฃูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ู…ู‘ุง
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:03:28,940 --> 00:03:33,400
119
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู‡ูˆ ุชุฃูƒู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุชุฑุงุซ ุฃูƒู„ุง ู„ู…ุง
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:33,400 --> 00:03:38,440
123
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุงุซ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุจู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฑุงุซ ูุจุนุถ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซุฉ ุจุฑูˆุญ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:38,440 --> 00:03:42,860
127
+ ุจุณุชุงุณุฑ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุงู‡ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุงุจ ูˆ ุจุณุฌู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฑุงุซ ูƒู„ู‡
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:42,860 --> 00:03:45,880
131
+ ุจุงุณู…ู‡ ูˆ ุจุญุฑู… ู…ูŠู† ุจุญุฑู… ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:04:00,840 --> 00:04:05,380
135
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู ุงู„ P is a prime ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ P ุนุฏุฏุง
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:04:05,380 --> 00:04:11,850
139
+ ุงูˆู„ูŠุงูˆุงู„ู€ P ุจูŠู‚ุณู… ุญุตู„ุช ุถุฑุจ A ููŠ B ูŠุจู‚ู‰ P ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:04:11,850 --> 00:04:17,650
143
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฅู…ุง ุฃู† ูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ A ูˆุฅู…ุง ุฃู† ูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ B ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:04:17,650 --> 00:04:22,170
147
+ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ุด ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ููŠ ุขู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู†ุซุจุช ุตุญุฉ ู‡ุฐุง
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:04:22,170 --> 00:04:30,410
151
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงู„ุฏุงุฌูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ assume ุงูุชุฑุถ ุงู† ุงู„ P is
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:04:30,410 --> 00:04:40,910
155
+ primeand ุงู„ P divide ุงู„ A ุจูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุนุทูŠุงุช ุงูŠุด
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:04:40,910 --> 00:04:46,710
159
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ P ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ A ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:04:46,710 --> 00:04:52,270
163
+ B ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏุฃ ุงูุชุฑุถ ุงู†ู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ุง ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ A ูˆุงุฑูˆุญ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:52,270 --> 00:05:00,380
167
+ ุงุซุจุช ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ B ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏุฃุฌูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„ letุงู„ู€P
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:05:00,380 --> 00:05:07,500
171
+ ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€A ู„ุง ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€A ู…ุซู„ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุดูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ one
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:05:07,500 --> 00:05:14,700
175
+ to show ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู†ุจูŠู† ุงู† ุงู„ู€P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€B ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:05:14,700 --> 00:05:22,480
179
+ ุนุงูŠุฒูŠู† ู†ุซุจุชู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ since ุจู…ุง ุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุงู„ู€P ู„ุง
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:05:22,480 --> 00:05:24,080
183
+ ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€A
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:05:26,430 --> 00:05:32,090
187
+ ุฅุฐุง ุดูˆ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ P ูˆ ุงู„ A ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ Primes
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:05:32,090 --> 00:05:37,590
191
+ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ Relatively Primes Relatively Primes ุชู…ุงู…
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:05:37,590 --> 00:05:49,830
195
+ ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ since then ุงู„ A and ุงู„ P are Relatively
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:05:49,830 --> 00:05:52,490
199
+ Primes
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:05:54,370 --> 00:05:57,890
203
+ ุทูŠุจ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงู„ agressives common divisors ู…ุง
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:57,890 --> 00:06:04,070
207
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ relatively a prime ู‡ุฐุง
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:06:04,070 --> 00:06:09,470
211
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ู„ู„ agressives common divisors ู„ู…ู† ู„ู„ a
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:06:09,470 --> 00:06:16,050
215
+ ูˆ ุงู„ p ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญูŠุญุฃุฎุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:06:16,050 --> 00:06:19,970
219
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ู€gressus common divisor ุจู‚ุฏุฑ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:06:19,970 --> 00:06:24,430
223
+ ุงูƒุชุจู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุตูŠุบุฉ linear combination ู…ู† ุงู„ a ูˆ ุงู„ p
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:06:24,430 --> 00:06:34,870
227
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฏู ูŠุชุทู„ุจ ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ s ูˆ t ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ z
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:06:34,870 --> 00:06:45,620
231
+ integers such that ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู†ุงู„ู€ A S ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ P T ูƒู„ู‡
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:06:45,620 --> 00:06:49,800
235
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุตุญูŠุญ ุทุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุงูŠุด
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:06:49,800 --> 00:06:57,020
239
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุซุจุชุŸ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุซุจุช ุงู† P ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ BุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:06:57,020 --> 00:07:02,440
243
+ ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุฎู„ู‚ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ B ููŠ ุดุฌุฉ ุตุญูŠุญ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:07:02,440 --> 00:07:05,980
247
+ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ูƒูŠู ุฃุณูˆูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุฏู‡ ู…ุด ุฎู„ู‘ูŠ ุงุฎู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:07:05,980 --> 00:07:12,140
251
+ PุŒ ุดูˆ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ุŸุนู†ุฏู‰ ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุจุฏู‰ ุงุฎู„ู‡ุง ุจุฏู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠู‡ูŠุด
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:07:12,140 --> 00:07:18,680
255
+ ุงุนู…ู„ ู†ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ููŠ ุจูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจู†ุง ููŠ ุจูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:07:18,680 --> 00:07:27,300
259
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ abs ุฒุงุฆุฏ bt ููŠ ุงู„ b ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ b
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:07:28,940 --> 00:07:32,180
263
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€linear combination ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฃุฌุฑุณูŠุณ ูƒูˆู…ูˆู†
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:07:32,180 --> 00:07:36,260
267
+ ุฏูŠูุงุฒ ูˆุงุถุฏุฑุจุชู‡ุง ููŠ P ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู…ุดุงู† ุฃุฎู„ู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุฑู
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:07:36,260 --> 00:07:42,320
271
+ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† P ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู† P ุจุชู‚ุณู…
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:07:42,320 --> 00:07:48,100
275
+ ุจูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ P ู‚ุณู…ุช ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ุŒ ุฅุฐู† automatic ู‡ุชู‚ุณู…
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:07:48,100 --> 00:07:51,760
279
+ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ are
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:07:51,760 --> 00:07:57,540
283
+ equalุŒ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆู‡ู„ P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ู‡ุฐุง
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:07:57,540 --> 00:08:03,660
287
+ ุงู„ term ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ุงู‡ ู…ูุนุทู‰ ู…ุนุงู†ุง ุงู† P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ A
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:08:03,660 --> 00:08:07,760
291
+ ููŠ B ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ A ููŠ ุงู„ B ููŠ ุงู„ S ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:08:07,760 --> 00:08:16,040
295
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ since ุจู…ุง ุงู† ุงู„ P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ A ููŠ ุงู„ B we have
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:08:16,040 --> 00:08:24,830
299
+ ุงู† ุงู„ P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ A ุจูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ S ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุงุทูŠุจ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:08:24,830 --> 00:08:29,870
303
+ ุงู„ุงู† P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุชู‚ุณู…
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:08:29,870 --> 00:08:39,490
307
+ ุงู„ term ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ and ุงู„ P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ PTP
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:08:40,520 --> 00:08:47,000
311
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงูŠุด ุงู† ุงู„ P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:08:47,000 --> 00:08:57,360
315
+ ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ A B S ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ P T B ู…ุฏุงู… ุจุชู‚ุณู… ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู†
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:08:57,360 --> 00:09:02,840
319
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจุชู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ P ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณูˆูŠู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:09:02,840 --> 00:09:08,320
323
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู† P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ P ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:09:11,000 --> 00:09:15,400
327
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฏุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุจุฑู‡ ู‡ู†ุง
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:09:15,400 --> 00:09:20,660
331
+ ูˆุดุบู„ ุจุณูŠุท ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุงุฎุด ู‡ู†ุงุด ููŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠู„ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงูŠู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:09:20,660 --> 00:09:25,900
335
+ P prime ูˆ ุงู„ P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ A ููŠ B ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ P ูŠุง ุจุฏู‡ุง
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:09:25,900 --> 00:09:30,580
339
+ ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูŠุง ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูˆ ุทุจุนุง
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:09:30,580 --> 00:09:36,290
343
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† two integers ู…ุด real numberูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู…ุง P ุจุชู‚ุณู…
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:09:36,290 --> 00:09:41,330
347
+ ุงู„ A ูŠุจู‚ู‰ P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ B ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูุฑุถู†ุง P prime ูˆP ุชู‚ุณู…
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:09:41,330 --> 00:09:46,910
351
+ ุงู„ A ููŠ B ุจุฏูŠ ุงูุชุฑุถ ุงู† P ู„ุง ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ A ูˆ ุงุญุงูˆู„ ุงุซุจุช
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:09:46,910 --> 00:09:52,090
355
+ ุงู† P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ B ุงูˆ ุงู„ุนูƒุณูŠุงู† ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠู†
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:09:52,090 --> 00:09:53,250
359
+ ุงูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงูˆ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:09:53,250 --> 00:10:00,240
363
+ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠู†ู…ุฏุงู…
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:10:00,240 --> 00:10:05,020
367
+ relatively prime ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ graces common divisor ุจุฏู‡
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:10:05,020 --> 00:10:09,600
371
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุฎุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูƒุชุจู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุงู†ู‡
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:10:09,600 --> 00:10:13,300
375
+ ู„ graces common divisor ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงูƒุชุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุตูŠุบุฉ linear
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:10:13,300 --> 00:10:17,760
379
+ combination ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ there
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:10:17,760 --> 00:10:23,320
383
+ exists S ูˆT ููŠ Z ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู† ุงู„ AS ุฒุงุฆุฏ BT ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:10:23,320 --> 00:10:27,980
387
+ ู‚ุฏุงุด ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญูŠุญุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุฏู‰ ุถุฑุจู‡ุง ูู‰ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:10:27,980 --> 00:10:32,760
391
+ ุจู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏู‰ ุงุซุจุช ุงู†ู‡ P ุจุชู‚ุณู…ู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจู†ุงู‡
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:10:32,760 --> 00:10:37,680
395
+ ูู‰ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰ A B S ุฒุงูŠุฏ B T B ุจุฏู‰ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุจู‰
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:10:37,680 --> 00:10:43,950
399
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ A ูู‰ B ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนุทู‰ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ P ุจุชู‚ุณู…
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:10:43,950 --> 00:10:50,930
403
+ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ P ุชูŠ ุจูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:10:50,930 --> 00:10:55,670
407
+ ุงู„ P ุจุชู‚ุณู… ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุฏุงู… ุชู‚ุณู… ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅุชู†ูŠู†
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:10:55,670 --> 00:11:02,810
411
+ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุจูŠ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุทุจ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ู„ูˆ P ู…ุงูƒู†ุด
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:11:02,810 --> 00:11:10,480
415
+ prime ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู„ู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุธู„ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุฃู… ู„ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุชุณุงุคู„ููŠ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:11:10,480 --> 00:11:14,760
419
+ ุงู„ุดู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุดู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† P
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:11:14,760 --> 00:11:21,000
423
+ Prime ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุนุทูŠูƒ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:11:21,000 --> 00:11:26,420
427
+ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฎุฏู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุณุฃู„ู†ุงูƒูˆุง ูŠุงู‡ุง
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:11:26,420 --> 00:11:31,620
431
+ ูุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจู‚ูˆู„ note if
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:11:31,620 --> 00:11:47,010
435
+ ุงู„ P is not a primeู„ูˆ ู…ุงูƒู†ุด prime ู„ูŠู‡ above ู„ู…ุง
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:11:47,010 --> 00:12:00,030
439
+ false ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุงู‡ูŠุงุด ุตุญูŠุญุฉ for example for
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:12:00,030 --> 00:12:01,830
443
+ example
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:12:04,510 --> 00:12:12,290
447
+ ุงู„ุณุช ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุถุฑุจ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:12:12,290 --> 00:12:21,650
451
+ ุจุงุทู…ุงุดูŠ ุณุชุฉ ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงุชู†ุงุดูŠ but ุงู„ุณุช ู„ุง ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉูˆ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:12:21,650 --> 00:12:31,470
455
+ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ 6 ู„ุง ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ 3 ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ 6 ู„ูŠุณ ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:12:31,470 --> 00:12:43,590
459
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ 6 ู„ูŠุณ ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:12:43,590 --> 00:12:50,890
463
+ ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ุฌุฏุง ู„ูƒูŠ ุชู‚ุณู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† P ุนู†ุฏ ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:12:51,390 --> 00:12:55,850
467
+ ู…ุซู„ุง but ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:12:55,850 --> 00:13:03,110
471
+ device ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ูƒุฐุงุŸ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุงู†ุง
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:13:03,110 --> 00:13:10,970
475
+ ู…ุงู‚ุฏุฑุด ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง but
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:13:10,970 --> 00:13:17,750
479
+ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุง ุชู‚ุณู… ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุจุชู‚ุณู…ุด ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:13:17,750 --> 00:13:24,250
483
+ ุจุชู‚ุณู… ู…ู†ุŸ ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ part and ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ divide
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:13:24,250 --> 00:13:29,830
487
+ ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ is prime ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู‚ูˆู„ู‡
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:13:29,830 --> 00:13:38,890
491
+ ู‡ู†ุง because ุงู† ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ is primeูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:13:38,890 --> 00:13:44,250
495
+ prime ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุฃุญุฏู‡ู…ุง ู„ูˆ ู…ุงูƒู†ุชุด ุงู„ู€ prime ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุตูŠุฑ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:13:44,250 --> 00:13:48,510
499
+ ุงู„ู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุงู‡ูŠุงุด ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชู‚ุณู… ุฃูŠุง
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:13:48,510 --> 00:13:55,350
503
+ ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุง ุงุจู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ fundamental
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:13:55,350 --> 00:13:59,570
507
+ theorem of arithmetic fundamental
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:14:07,260 --> 00:14:12,800
511
+ fundamental theorem of
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:14:12,800 --> 00:14:27,020
515
+ arithmetic ุจุชู‚ูˆู„
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:14:27,020 --> 00:14:38,650
519
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชูŠ every integer every integer a greaterthan
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:14:38,650 --> 00:14:51,790
523
+ one ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ is a prime or a
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:14:51,790 --> 00:14:56,370
527
+ product of
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:14:56,370 --> 00:15:00,830
531
+ primes that is
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:15:05,140 --> 00:15:16,880
535
+ I am any integer a greater than one can be
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:15:16,880 --> 00:15:23,900
539
+ factored ู…ู…ูƒู†
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:15:23,900 --> 00:15:31,880
543
+ ุชุงุจุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ uniquely as
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:15:31,880 --> 00:15:32,700
547
+ a product
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:15:40,530 --> 00:15:46,590
551
+ as a product of primes
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:15:46,590 --> 00:15:52,450
555
+ as product
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:15:52,450 --> 00:16:01,890
559
+ of a prime in the form ุงู„ุดูƒู„
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:16:01,890 --> 00:16:11,070
563
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ A ุณูˆุงุก P1 ุฃุต Alpha 1 ููŠ P2ุจุต alpha two
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:16:11,070 --> 00:16:23,050
567
+ ูˆู†ุธู„ ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ P in ุจุต alpha in where ุญูŠุซู‡ู… ุงู„
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:16:23,050 --> 00:16:34,590
571
+ P ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† P ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฃู‚ู„ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† P in and the
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:16:34,590 --> 00:16:37,410
575
+ exponents
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:16:41,710 --> 00:16:49,950
579
+ ุงู„ุฃู„ูุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฃู„ูุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู„ูุฉ in R
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:17:40,000 --> 00:17:47,700
583
+ ุจุงู„ุจู„ุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู‡ู†ุง
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:17:47,700 --> 00:17:52,360
587
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ every integer greater than one ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงูŠ ุนุฏุฏ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:17:52,360 --> 00:17:58,300
591
+ ุตุญูŠุญ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงูƒุชุจู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุตูŠุบุฉ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:17:58,300 --> 00:18:05,600
595
+ ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ุงุนุฏุงุฏ ุงูˆู„ูŠุฉูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุงุจุง ูƒุชุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ prime
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:18:05,600 --> 00:18:11,500
599
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ primes ุงู„ู€primes ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู†
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:18:11,500 --> 00:18:15,600
603
+ ุงู„ุฃุณ ุชุจุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุณ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุน ุนุดุฑุฉ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:18:15,600 --> 00:18:20,420
607
+ ุฌุฏ ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุชุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุงุฎุฑูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฃูŠ ุนุฏุฏ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:18:20,420 --> 00:18:24,260
611
+ ุตุญูŠุฉ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:18:24,260 --> 00:18:28,960
615
+ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ ูŠุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† prime ูŠุง ุงู…ุง products of a prime
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:18:28,960 --> 00:18:35,280
619
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุง ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ุงุนุฏุงุฏ ุงูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุทุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนูŠุฏ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:18:35,280 --> 00:18:40,410
623
+ ุตูŠุงุบุชู‡ ู…ู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ู„ ุตูŠุบุฉ 8 ูŠู‚ูˆู„ that is ุฃูŠ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:18:40,410 --> 00:18:45,230
627
+ ุฃู† ุงูŠ integer a ู…ุซู„ุง greater than one can be
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:18:45,230 --> 00:18:50,810
631
+ factored ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงูƒุชุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุนูˆุงู…ู„
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:18:50,810 --> 00:18:57,570
635
+ uniquely ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ูู‚ุท ู„ุง ุบูŠุฑ as a product of a
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:18:57,570 --> 00:19:02,990
639
+ prime ูƒุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ a prime in the form a ูŠุณูˆู‰ P1 ฮฑ1
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:19:02,990 --> 00:19:09,920
643
+ P2 ฮฑ2 ู…ุถุฑุจ ููŠ PN ฮฑNุงู„ู€ P1 ูˆุงู„ู€ P2 ูˆุงู„ู€ PN ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ู€
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:19:09,920 --> 00:19:14,800
647
+ Primes ูˆุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฏุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุตุบุฑ ู„ู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุฃุตุบุฑ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:19:14,800 --> 00:19:19,910
651
+ ุงู„ู€ Prime ุนู†ุฏู‰ุŸ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุงู„ู„ูŠ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:19:19,910 --> 00:19:24,670
655
+ ุจุนุฏู‡ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุธู„ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ prime ุญูุทู‡ุง ู„ู„ุฃุณุณ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:19:24,670 --> 00:19:30,310
659
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒูŠู‡ุง ุญุณุจ ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:19:30,310 --> 00:19:34,730
663
+ ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ P1 ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† P2 ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† PN ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:19:34,730 --> 00:19:39,750
667
+ exponents ุงู„ุฃุณุณ Alpha 1 ูˆ Alpha 2 ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:19:39,750 --> 00:19:45,780
671
+ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง prime ู„ุญุงู„ู‡
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:19:45,780 --> 00:19:52,300
675
+ ู…ุญู„ ู„ูˆ ุฎู„ุต ููŠุด ุบูŠุฑู‡ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ูˆู„ุช ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุนุดุฑูŠู†
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:19:52,300 --> 00:19:56,660
679
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:19:56,660 --> 00:20:02,760
683
+ ุชุฑุงุจูŠุน ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† prime ูˆุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃุณ ูˆุงุญุฏ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:20:02,760 --> 00:20:07,680
687
+ ูˆุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฃุณ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ Alpha ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆAlpha
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:20:07,680 --> 00:20:12,640
691
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจู‚ุฏุงุด ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ูˆู„ุช for example
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:20:13,750 --> 00:20:20,090
695
+ for example ู„ูˆ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:20:20,090 --> 00:20:25,810
699
+ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ู„ุช ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:20:25,810 --> 00:20:30,830
703
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชุฑุจูŠุน ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงุทู„ุน ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ prime ูˆุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:20:30,830 --> 00:20:35,310
707
+ ุงู„ prime ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุตุบุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ ุงู„
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:20:35,310 --> 00:20:40,730
711
+ conditional ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:20:40,730 --> 00:20:43,550
715
+ ู‚ู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุณุชูŠู†
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:20:49,240 --> 00:20:59,130
719
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุชุงุด ุจุณุชูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุชุงุดุทุจ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:20:59,130 --> 00:21:04,110
723
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุชุงุดุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:21:04,110 --> 00:21:10,570
727
+ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:21:10,570 --> 00:21:15,050
731
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุง prime ูˆ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ prime ูˆ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:21:15,050 --> 00:21:19,510
735
+ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ prime ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณุณ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนุงุฏูŠ ุฌุฏุง ู„ูˆ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:21:19,510 --> 00:21:24,370
739
+ ุฌูŠุชูŠ ู‚ูˆู„ุชู„ูƒ ู…ุด ุณุชูŠู† ูƒุจุฑู‡ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ุซู„ุง ุชู„ุงุชู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุณุชูŠู†
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:21:26,060 --> 00:21:31,920
743
+ ุชู„ุงุชู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุณุชูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:21:31,920 --> 00:21:37,210
747
+ ุงุฑุจุนูŠู†ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:21:37,210 --> 00:21:42,570
751
+ ูˆุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ุชุณุนูŠู† ููŠ ุฃุฑุจุน ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุฅุฐุง ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ููŠ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:21:42,570 --> 00:21:49,210
755
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:21:49,210 --> 00:21:54,170
759
+ ูˆุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุชุณุนุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:21:54,170 --> 00:22:01,030
763
+ ุงูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ููŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉู„ุงุญุธ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:22:01,030 --> 00:22:08,010
767
+ ุงู„ู€Price ู…ุฑุชุจุฉ 2 3 5 ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุณ 3 2 1 ุนุงุฏูŠ ุฌุฏุง ู…ุงุนู†ุงุด
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:22:08,010 --> 00:22:12,810
771
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€Alpha ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู€Primes ูƒู„
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:22:12,810 --> 00:22:20,170
775
+ ุงู„ู€Alpha ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุณุณ ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ูˆุงู„ู€P ู…ุฑุชุจุฉ P1 P2 P3
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:22:20,170 --> 00:22:24,310
779
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุงูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ูŠุฌูŠ ููŠ ุจุงู„ูƒ ุงู†
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:22:24,310 --> 00:22:28,910
783
+ ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู ูˆุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุงู„ู ุฌุฏุง
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:22:28,910 --> 00:22:32,770
787
+ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฌูŠ ููŠ ุจุงู„ูƒ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชูƒุชุจู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุตู„
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:22:32,770 --> 00:22:36,330
791
+ ุถุฑุจุงุด ุงู„ price ู…ุฎุฏู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุฌ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑุด ุงุดูˆู
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:22:36,330 --> 00:22:40,730
795
+ ุงูƒู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงูƒู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุงูƒู… ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงูƒู… ุณุจุนุฉ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:22:40,730 --> 00:22:46,990
799
+ ุงู„ู‰ ุงุฎุฑูŠู† ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุจู‡ุฐุง ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ุชุนุฑูŠู
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:22:46,990 --> 00:22:51,870
803
+ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุนู ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุงู„ุฃุตุบุฑู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:22:51,870 --> 00:22:57,110
807
+ ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูˆุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู…ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงุจุชุฏุงุฆูŠุฉ ูˆ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:22:57,110 --> 00:23:01,270
811
+ ุงู„ุงุนุฏุงุฏูŠุฉ ู…ุด ุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุฑู‚ุงู…ูŠู† ุฃูˆ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:23:01,270 --> 00:23:05,070
815
+ ูƒุงุณุฑูŠู† ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชูˆุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู…ุงุช ูˆ ุชุดูˆู ุงู„ู‚ุงุณุฑูŠู† ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุด
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:23:05,070 --> 00:23:08,970
819
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุนุทูŠ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:23:08,970 --> 00:23:15,950
823
+ definition the least common multiple the least
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:23:15,950 --> 00:23:19,790
827
+ common multiple
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:23:22,680 --> 00:23:29,420
831
+ least common multiple of two
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:23:29,420 --> 00:23:41,200
835
+ non-zero integers a and b
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:23:41,200 --> 00:23:44,720
839
+ is the smallest
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:23:51,050 --> 00:23:58,930
843
+ positive integer positive
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:23:58,930 --> 00:24:12,090
847
+ integer that is multiple of
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:24:12,090 --> 00:24:19,270
851
+ both a and b
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:24:23,210 --> 00:24:35,310
855
+ we do not add by least common multiple ู„ู„ a ูˆุงู„b
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:24:54,470 --> 00:25:00,410
859
+ common ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ least ุฃู‚ู„ multiple ู…ุถุงุนูุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุณู…ู‰
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:25:00,410 --> 00:25:06,450
863
+ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุนู ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุงู„ุฃุตุบุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุดูˆู ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฑู‚ู…
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:25:06,450 --> 00:25:11,610
867
+ ุจูŠู‚ุณู… ูƒู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงูŠุจู‚ู‰ the least
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:25:11,610 --> 00:25:19,390
871
+ common multiple ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฑู‚ู… ูŠู‚ุณู… non-zero integers a
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:25:19,390 --> 00:25:25,870
875
+ ูˆุงู„b ูŠุจู‚ู‰ of two non-zero integers a and b
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:25:30,190 --> 00:25:36,490
879
+ is the smallest positive integer ุฃุตุบุฑ ุนุฏุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:25:36,490 --> 00:25:41,850
883
+ ู…ูˆุฌุจ that is a multiple of both a and b ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุตุบุฑ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:25:41,850 --> 00:25:47,940
887
+ ุนุฏุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุถุงุนูุงุช ุงู„ a ูˆุงู„b ููŠ ุขู† ูˆุงุญุฏwe denote it
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:25:47,940 --> 00:25:55,440
891
+ by ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ main a ูˆ b ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู†ุฏู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑู…ุฒ least
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:25:55,440 --> 00:25:59,700
895
+ common multiple of a ูˆ b ุฒูŠ ู…ุฌุฑุณูŠุณ common divisor
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:25:59,700 --> 00:26:05,080
899
+ ู‚ุฏู†ุง g,c,d ู‡ู†ุง least common multiple ูŠุจู‚ู‰ l,c,m ู‡ูˆ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:26:05,080 --> 00:26:09,300
903
+ ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ู„ู„ least common multiple ู†ุนุทูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ ู…ุซู„ุง
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:26:09,300 --> 00:26:10,020
907
+ example
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:26:14,420 --> 00:26:19,020
911
+ ู„ูˆ ุฏูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ least common multiple
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:26:19,020 --> 00:26:26,920
915
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ุณุช ูˆ ุงุชู†ุงุด ุงูŠุด ุงูˆู„ ุฑู‚ู… ุจูŠู‚ุงุจู„ู†ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ุณู… ูƒู„ู‡ ู…ู†
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:26:26,920 --> 00:26:40,600
919
+ ุงู„ุณุช ูˆ ุงุชู†ุงุด ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุงูˆู„ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู†
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:26:40,600 --> 00:26:45,580
923
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ ููŠ ุงู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฃูŠูˆุฉ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ุฌุฏุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:26:45,580 --> 00:26:50,740
927
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‰ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงุด ุงูˆ ุงุชู†ุงุด ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุชู†ุงุด ู‡ูˆ ุงูˆู„
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:26:50,740 --> 00:26:54,860
931
+ ุฑู‚ู… ุจูŠู‚ุงุจู„ู†ูŠ ุงู„ุณุช ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุณู…ู‡ ูˆ ุงุชู†ุงุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:26:54,860 --> 00:27:00,080
935
+ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุนู ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุงู„ุฃุตุบุฑ ู„ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุทุจุนุง ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:27:00,080 --> 00:27:07,300
939
+ ู‚ูˆู„ุชูƒ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ least common multiple ู„ู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณุช
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:27:07,300 --> 00:27:09,200
943
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:27:12,570 --> 00:27:17,970
947
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงูˆู„ ุฑู‚ู… ุจูŠุฌุงุจู„ูƒ ุจุญูŠุซ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:27:17,970 --> 00:27:20,510
951
+ ู‡ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ู… ูŠู‚ุณู…ูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:27:26,370 --> 00:27:32,690
955
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ 12 ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆู„ ุฑู‚ู… ุจูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:27:32,690 --> 00:27:38,150
959
+ ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุจุนุฏู‡ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:27:38,150 --> 00:27:42,310
963
+ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุฌุณู…ูˆู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:27:42,310 --> 00:27:46,240
967
+ ูˆุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุจุชุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ 24
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:27:46,240 --> 00:27:51,240
971
+ ู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ 12 ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏ ุงู„ least
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:27:51,240 --> 00:27:57,940
975
+ common multiple ู„ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:28:09,050 --> 00:28:17,090
979
+ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ least common multiple ู„ุณุชุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:28:21,130 --> 00:28:25,110
983
+ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุณุชูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุณุชุฉ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:28:25,110 --> 00:28:31,690
987
+ ูˆุจุชู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ูˆุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:28:31,690 --> 00:28:36,110
991
+ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ูˆู„ุชู„ูƒ ุจุฏ ุงู„ least common multiple
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:28:36,110 --> 00:28:39,650
995
+ ู„ู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงุทู…ุนุงุด
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:28:42,730 --> 00:28:49,110
999
+ ุณุชูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุณุชูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุณุชูŠู† ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆููŠ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:28:49,110 --> 00:28:52,610
1003
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฃุชู†ุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดูˆู ุงู„ุฅุจุชุฏุงุฆูŠ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุนู
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:28:52,610 --> 00:28:56,130
1007
+ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ู„ุฑู‚ุงู…ูŠู† ุจุณ ุงู†ุช ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅุจุชุฏุงุฆูŠ ุนู„ุดุงู†
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:28:56,130 --> 00:28:58,970
1011
+ ุดุงูƒ ุงู„ู‚ุตูˆุฑ ุจุดูˆู ุงู„ู…ุถุงุนูุงุช ู„ู„ู‚ุตูˆุฑ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:29:01,120 --> 00:29:05,080
1015
+ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุงุณูƒู… ูˆุงู„ multiple ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู†
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:29:05,080 --> 00:29:10,240
1019
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู‡ู… ู…ุซู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:29:10,240 --> 00:29:16,000
1023
+ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู†ูˆุงุน ุชุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:29:16,000 --> 00:29:19,640
1027
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:29:19,640 --> 00:29:22,840
1031
+ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:29:22,840 --> 00:29:27,600
1035
+ ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุทู†ุงุด ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุงูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุณูˆูŠ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:29:27,600 --> 00:29:33,200
1039
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู‡ู… ูˆู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ูŠู†ุฒู„ ุนู† ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:29:33,200 --> 00:29:38,560
1043
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ุฑู‚ู… ุฑุงู‡ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ุฃู‚ู„ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู†ุฒู„
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:29:38,560 --> 00:29:42,340
1047
+ ุฎู„ุงุต ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณูˆูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู‡ู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูŠู†
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:29:42,340 --> 00:29:47,000
1051
+ ุงู„ least common multiple ููŠ ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ู„ูƒ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:29:47,000 --> 00:29:50,460
1055
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู„ู…ู‚ุฉ ุจู‡ุง remark
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:29:52,920 --> 00:29:57,940
1059
+ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฑู‚ุงู…ูŠู† ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ list common
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:29:57,940 --> 00:30:02,400
1063
+ multiple ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ grids common divisor ู„ู‡ู…
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:30:02,400 --> 00:30:09,020
1067
+ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุจุงุทูŠู†ูŠ ุญุตู„ ุถุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ุฑู‚ุงู…ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:30:09,020 --> 00:30:13,730
1071
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุฏู‡ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„Legacies common
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:30:13,730 --> 00:30:18,730
1075
+ divisor ู„ู„ู€A ูˆุงู„ู€B ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ list common
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:30:18,730 --> 00:30:25,350
1079
+ multiple ู„ ุงู„ุฃูŠ ูˆุงู„ุจูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุณูˆู‰ ุญุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุฃูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:30:25,350 --> 00:30:26,830
1083
+ for example
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:30:31,240 --> 00:30:35,420
1087
+ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุทูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ูŠู† ุงูˆ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:30:35,420 --> 00:30:41,580
1091
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงูŠ ุฑู‚ุงู…ูŠู† a ูˆ b ูู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:30:41,580 --> 00:30:46,940
1095
+ ู„ุฌุฑูŠุณูŠุณ common divisor ู„ู…ุงู† ุงุฎุชุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:30:46,940 --> 00:30:53,100
1099
+ ููŠู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ุดุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง 12 ูˆ 10 ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:30:53,100 --> 00:31:00,590
1103
+ ู‡ูŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆ ุงุชู†ุงุดู‚ูˆุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:31:00,590 --> 00:31:04,730
1107
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุบูŠุฑู‡ู… ู„ุฃ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ aggressors come and
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:31:04,730 --> 00:31:09,610
1111
+ devise ู‚ุฏุงุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:31:09,610 --> 00:31:17,790
1115
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† andุงู„ู„ูŠุณุช ูƒูˆู…ูˆู† ู…ู„ุชุจู„ ู„ู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงุชู†ุงุด ู‡ูŠ ูˆ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:31:17,790 --> 00:31:24,090
1119
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‚ุฏุงุด ุณุชูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุงุถุฑุจ ู„ุฌุฑูŠุณ ูƒูˆู…ูˆู†
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:31:24,090 --> 00:31:30,310
1123
+ ุฏูŠูุงุฒุฑ ู„ู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ least common
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:31:30,310 --> 00:31:35,660
1127
+ multiple ู„ู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌู„ุณ ุงู„ common
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:31:35,660 --> 00:31:40,920
1131
+ divisor ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุณ common multiple ู‡ูˆ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:31:40,920 --> 00:31:48,640
1135
+ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุณุชูŠู† ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ู†ุชุฌ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุญุตู„
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:31:48,640 --> 00:31:55,530
1139
+ ุถุฑุจ ุนุดุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงุชู†ุงุดูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ููŠ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:31:55,530 --> 00:32:00,530
1143
+ ุงู„ุงุทู…ุนุงุด ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ุชุงุฎุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ least common
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:32:00,530 --> 00:32:02,970
1147
+ multiple ุงูˆ ุถุฑุจู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ degree's least common
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:32:02,970 --> 00:32:07,230
1151
+ divisor ุจูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:32:07,230 --> 00:32:11,620
1155
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุณุคุงู„ู„ูƒู† ุงู†ุง ุจุฏุฃ ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:32:11,620 --> 00:32:17,700
1159
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชู„ุฒู…ู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู… ูˆุณุชู„ุฒู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ู…ุณุงุฆู„
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:32:17,700 --> 00:32:22,820
1163
+ ุงู„ุฌุจุฑ ู‚ุฏุงู… ูˆู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงุนุทูŠุชู„ูƒ carry mark ูˆู„ูŠุณ ูƒุณุคุงู„
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:32:22,820 --> 00:32:29,480
1167
+ ุญุชู‰ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู…ุชู‰ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:32:29,480 --> 00:32:33,060
1171
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ section ูƒู„ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุช ูƒู„ู‡
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:32:33,060 --> 00:32:37,880
1175
+ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ integers ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ุญุฌู… ุงุณู…ู‡ุง modular
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:32:51,930 --> 00:32:59,810
1179
+ ุงุฑูŠุซู…ุงุชูŠูƒ ู†ุนุทูŠ definition let
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:32:59,810 --> 00:33:03,430
1183
+ n
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:33:03,430 --> 00:33:07,950
1187
+ be a fixed positive
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:33:18,660 --> 00:33:28,100
1191
+ integer for any integers a
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:33:28,100 --> 00:33:33,460
1195
+ and b for
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:33:33,460 --> 00:33:38,620
1199
+ any integer a and b ุงู„
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:33:38,620 --> 00:33:50,090
1203
+ a ุฒุงุฆุฏูŠ ุงู„ bุงู„ู€ a ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ b modulo n modulo n is
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:33:50,090 --> 00:33:59,770
1207
+ the remainder is the remainder is upon dividing
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:33:59,770 --> 00:34:17,380
1211
+ upon dividing upon dividing aุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ V by N ุงู„
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:34:17,380 --> 00:34:29,800
1215
+ A ุถุฏ B modulo N is the remainder upon dividing AB
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:34:29,800 --> 00:34:31,960
1219
+ by N
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:34:53,330 --> 00:34:56,790
1223
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ุฑุงูุนูŠู† ุนู†ูˆุงู† modular arithmetic
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:34:56,790 --> 00:35:01,470
1227
+ arithmetic ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุญุณุงุจ modular ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:35:01,470 --> 00:35:07,170
1231
+ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:35:07,170 --> 00:35:11,850
1235
+ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูŠูŠุณ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฎุฏ ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู…ุนูŠู† ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุจุฏุฃ ุงุฌูŠุท
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:35:11,850 --> 00:35:17,010
1239
+ ุงู„ุณุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจ
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:35:17,010 --> 00:35:22,390
1243
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูŠุณ ู†ุนุทูŠ ุชุนุฑูŠู ู„ modular arithmetic
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:35:23,020 --> 00:35:29,020
1247
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงูุชุฑุถ ุงู† ุนุฏุฏ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนุฏุฏ ุซุงุจุช ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุซุงุจุช
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:35:29,020 --> 00:35:33,300
1251
+ ุซุจุชู†ุง
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:35:33,300 --> 00:35:37,860
1255
+ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุณู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:35:37,860 --> 00:35:42,970
1259
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู‚ู…ุต ุนุดู‚ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒูŠู‡ ุชู…ุงู…ุจู‚ูˆู„ for
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:35:42,970 --> 00:35:49,430
1263
+ any integers ู„ุฃูŠ ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† a ูˆ b a ุฒุงุฆุฏ b modulo n ุงูŠุด
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:35:49,430 --> 00:35:55,090
1267
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง is the remainder ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ upon
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:35:55,090 --> 00:36:02,330
1271
+ dividing ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ู‚ุณู… a ุฒุงุฆุฏ b by m ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒูŠู ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:36:02,330 --> 00:36:07,120
1275
+ ุงู†ุง ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุนุฏุฏูŠู† a ูˆ b ุจุทู„ุน ุฑู‚ุงู… ูƒุจูŠุฑูŠุนู†ูŠ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:36:07,120 --> 00:36:14,240
1279
+ ุงูุชุฑุถ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ N ุฃุฎุฏู‡ุง ุจุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ A ูˆ ุงู„ B ูˆุงุญุฏ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:36:14,240 --> 00:36:19,180
1283
+ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุณุนุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุชุณุนุฉ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ ุณุชุฉ ุนุดุฑ ู…ุฏูŠู„ ูˆ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:36:19,180 --> 00:36:24,040
1287
+ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชู‡ู…ู„ ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุธู„ ูƒุฏู‡ุด ุจูŠุธู„
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:36:24,040 --> 00:36:24,360
1291
+ ุณุจุนุฉ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:36:29,050 --> 00:36:34,470
1295
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุชุณุนุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ modulo ุนุดุฑุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:36:34,470 --> 00:36:38,950
1299
+ remainder ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณุจุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู‡ู… ู„ู„ุนุดุฑุงุช ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู‚ูˆู„
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:36:38,950 --> 00:36:45,920
1303
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู ุฏุฑุฌุฉูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุญู…ู„ ูƒู„ 360 ูˆุงุฎุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:36:45,920 --> 00:36:49,980
1307
+ ุจูŠุธู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:36:49,980 --> 00:36:56,760
1311
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจูŠู‚ุณู…
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:36:56,760 --> 00:37:03,700
1315
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ reminder ูƒุฏุงุดุŸ ูƒุฏุงุดุŸ Zero ุชู…ุงู…
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:37:03,700 --> 00:37:11,980
1319
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒ ู‡ู†ุง 6 modulo 2ุณุชุฉ modulo
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:37:11,980 --> 00:37:17,460
1323
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุง ุงุฎุฏุช ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุจุชู‚ุณู…
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:37:17,460 --> 00:37:22,260
1327
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง ุณุชุฉ ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:37:22,260 --> 00:37:27,820
1331
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ู†ุชุฌ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู†ุจุฏู‰ ูŠูƒูˆู† zero ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุง
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:37:27,820 --> 00:37:34,080
1335
+ ุดุจุงุจ ู„ู…ุง ุงู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ remainder ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ because ุงู„ุณุชุฉ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:37:34,080 --> 00:37:40,060
1339
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฒุงุฆุฏ zero ู„ูŠุด
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:37:40,060 --> 00:37:42,800
1343
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูุงุชุช ููŠ ุงู„ division
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:37:42,800 --> 00:37:48,520
1347
+ algorithmุฃู‰ ุฑู‚ู… ู‡ู†ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ ุจุฏู„ุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ู‡ุฐุง
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:37:48,520 --> 00:37:53,800
1351
+ ุฒุงุฆุฏ R ุงู„ู€ R ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูˆ ูŠุณูˆู‰ Zero ูˆุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฃูˆ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:37:53,800 --> 00:37:59,240
1355
+ ูŠุณูˆู‰ ู…ู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ remainder ู‡ู†ุง ุจู‚ุฏุงุด ุจ Zero
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:37:59,240 --> 00:38:06,400
1359
+ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุนุงุดุฑุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:38:06,400 --> 00:38:13,330
1363
+ module ุชู„ุงุชุฉูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู…ุงู… ูƒู„ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุงุช ุจุฏูŠ ุงุญู…ู„ู‡ ุชู„ุงุช
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:38:13,330 --> 00:38:19,310
1367
+ ุชู„ุงุชุงุช ุจุชุณุนุฉ ุจูŠุธู„ ู‚ุฏูŠุด ุงุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุดูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:38:19,310 --> 00:38:24,750
1371
+ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:38:24,750 --> 00:38:29,310
1375
+ ุงู„ remainder ุงุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู…ุง ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู„ู‡ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:38:29,310 --> 00:38:33,510
1379
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ remainder ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:38:33,510 --> 00:38:40,270
1383
+ ู‚ุฏูŠุด ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทูŠุจ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ู„ู…ุง ุงู‚ูˆู„ู†ู‚ุต ุซู„ุงุซุฉ modulo
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:38:40,270 --> 00:38:45,370
1387
+ ุณุจุนุฉ ูƒูŠู
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:38:45,370 --> 00:38:53,020
1391
+ ุฃุณูˆูŠุจูƒู„ ุจุณุงุทุฉ ุถูŠู ู„ู„ ุณุงู„ุจ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:38:53,020 --> 00:38:57,340
1395
+ ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุณุงู„ุจ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุจูŠุถุงู„ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:38:57,340 --> 00:39:04,720
1399
+ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุจูƒูˆุฒ ุณุงู„ุจ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ููŠ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:39:04,720 --> 00:39:11,280
1403
+ ุฃุจุตุฑ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทู„ุนุช ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ุชู…ุงู…
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:39:11,280 --> 00:39:17,100
1407
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุณุจุนุฉ ููŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ู…ุดุงู† ูŠุทู„ุน ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ููŠ ูƒุงู… ููŠ
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:39:17,100 --> 00:39:21,500
1411
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ุณุจุนุฉ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:39:21,500 --> 00:39:24,780
1415
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ remainder ุงุชูุฌู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุช ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:39:24,780 --> 00:39:30,320
1419
+ ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูˆ ุฃุจุฏุง ุจู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:39:30,320 --> 00:39:37,000
1423
+ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ูˆู„ุชู„ูƒ ู‡ู†ุง ุณุชุฉ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุณุจุนุฉ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:39:37,000 --> 00:39:48,310
1427
+ modulo ุฎู…ุณุฉูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุณุจุนุฉ ุชู„ุชุงุดุฑ modulo ุฎู…ุณุฉ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:39:48,310 --> 00:39:54,490
1431
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู„ุชุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ูˆู„ุชู„ูƒ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:39:54,490 --> 00:40:02,830
1435
+ ุณุชุฉ ููŠ ุณุจุนุฉ modulo ุฎู…ุณุฉุณุชุฉ ูู‰ ุณุจุนุฉ ุณุชุฉ ูู‰ ุณุจุนุฉ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:40:02,830 --> 00:40:07,950
1439
+ ุจุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ุดูŠู„ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุงุช ู„ุบุฉ ุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ุจุชุทู„ุน ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:40:07,950 --> 00:40:17,550
1443
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุฑุจุนูŠู† modulo modulo ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆูŠุณูˆู‰
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:40:17,550 --> 00:40:25,860
1447
+ ุฌุฏุงุด ูˆูŠุณูˆู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุทูŠุจ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุฃู‚ู„
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:40:25,860 --> 00:40:32,380
1451
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุงุฌูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„ูƒ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:40:32,380 --> 00:40:40,500
1455
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ modulo ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุฎุท
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:40:40,500 --> 00:40:46,120
1459
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ modulo ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูƒู„ ุฑู‚ู… ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู†
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:40:46,120 --> 00:40:51,180
1463
+ ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ููŠู‡ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุถู„ู‡ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:40:51,180 --> 00:40:54,480
1467
+ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุถู„ู‡ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุถู„ู‡ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:40:54,480 --> 00:41:00,960
1471
+ ุจุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ู…ุถู„ู‡ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉุจุณุชุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ modulo ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุทูŠุจ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:41:00,960 --> 00:41:06,440
1475
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ modulo ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุตูุฑ ุตูุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุทูŠุจ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:41:06,440 --> 00:41:11,620
1479
+ ุชุณุนุฉ modulo ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู‡ุง ูƒุฏู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูู‡ู…ู†ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:41:11,620 --> 00:41:15,680
1483
+ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจุงุช ุฏูŠ ุฑุจุงู„ุฉ ูƒุฏู‡ very important ู‡ุชู„ุนุจ ู…ุนุงู†ุง
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:41:15,680 --> 00:41:19,100
1487
+ ุดุบู„ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฌุจุฑ ุชุจุนู†ุง
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:41:39,200 --> 00:41:46,120
1491
+ ูˆุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู definition
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:41:46,120 --> 00:41:51,400
1495
+ let
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:41:51,400 --> 00:42:06,620
1499
+ ุงู„ a ูˆุงู„b ูˆุงู„n be integers with n greater than
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:42:06,620 --> 00:42:26,500
1503
+ zerothen ุงู„ A modulo N ุจุฏุฑุณุงูˆูŠ B modulo N if they
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:42:26,500 --> 00:42:31,860
1507
+ have
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:42:31,860 --> 00:42:37,820
1511
+ the same remainder
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:42:40,440 --> 00:42:49,820
1515
+ if they have the same remainder upon dividing
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:42:49,820 --> 00:43:06,900
1519
+ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ู‚ุณู…ุฉ each one of a and b by n ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ู‚ุณู…ุฉ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:43:06,900 --> 00:43:09,920
1523
+ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู‡ู… by n
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:43:20,050 --> 00:43:25,130
1527
+ ุชุนุฑูŠู ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุชู„ุช ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ a
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:43:25,130 --> 00:43:30,490
1531
+ ูˆ b ูˆ n ูˆ ุงู„ n greater than zero ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุฏุฏ ู…ูˆุฌุจ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:43:30,490 --> 00:43:36,090
1535
+ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูˆ ุฃุจุฏุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุงุฐุง ุงู† ุงู„ a modulo n ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:43:36,090 --> 00:43:42,230
1539
+ b modulo n ุดูˆ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู† ู„ูˆ ู‚ุณู…ุช ุงู„ a
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:43:42,230 --> 00:43:47,870
1543
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ n ุจูŠุธู„ ุงู„ remainder ู„ูˆ ู‚ุณู…ุช ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ุงู„ู€ B
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:43:47,870 --> 00:43:50,630
1547
+ ุนู„ู‰ N ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ู€ remainder ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ remainder ู‡ู†ุง
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:43:50,630 --> 00:43:54,270
1551
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุณูˆูŠ main ุงู„ู€ remainder ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ if
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:43:54,270 --> 00:43:58,950
1555
+ they have the same remainder ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:43:58,950 --> 00:44:04,270
1559
+ ู„ู‚ุณู…ุฉ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† A ูˆB ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ main ุนู„ู‰ N ู…ุซุงู„ ูˆ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:44:04,270 --> 00:44:12,350
1563
+ ุฐู„ูƒู„ูˆ ุฌุงูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู„ุด ู„ูƒ ู…ุซู„ุง ุณุจุนุชุงุดุฑ modulo ุณุชุฉ ู‚ุฏุงุด
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:44:12,350 --> 00:44:17,670
1567
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุงุชู†ุงุด ู…ู† ุณุจุนุชุงุดุฑ
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:44:17,670 --> 00:44:19,150
1571
+ ุจูŠุธู„ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:44:21,240 --> 00:44:28,140
1575
+ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ูˆู„ุชู„ูƒ ู…ุซู„ุง ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ูˆุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆ ุณุชุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:44:28,140 --> 00:44:34,480
1579
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงูŠุด ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุณุชู†ุชุฌ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุณุจุนุชุงุดุฑ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:44:34,480 --> 00:44:41,550
1583
+ ู…ูˆุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆ ุณุชุฉ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ูˆุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆ ุณุชุฉูŠุจู‚ู‰
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:44:41,550 --> 00:44:45,570
1587
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุณูˆูˆุง ุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฑู…ูŠู† ุฏุฑู‡ูŠู†ุฉ ุจุฏูŠ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:44:45,570 --> 00:44:50,830
1591
+ ูŠุณูˆู‰ ู…ูŠู† ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฑู…ูŠู† ุฏุฑู‡ูŠู†ุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ ุจุฏูˆู† ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:44:50,830 --> 00:44:55,090
1595
+ ุทูŠุจ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุณุคุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุทูŠู‡ ู„ูƒ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:44:55,090 --> 00:45:00,250
1599
+ ูƒู…ุซุงู„ ุณุคุงู„ ุฑู‚ู… ุชุณุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:45:00,250 --> 00:45:05,010
1603
+ example ู…ุฑุจูˆุท ู…ุน ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:45:05,010 --> 00:45:13,460
1607
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุชุณุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ F ุงู„ Aand ุงู„ B are
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:45:13,460 --> 00:45:25,320
1611
+ integers ุงุนุฏุงุฏ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ and ุงู„ N is a positive
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:45:25,320 --> 00:45:38,070
1615
+ integer positive integer prove that ุงุซุจุช ุงู†ู‡Proof
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:45:38,070 --> 00:45:48,130
1619
+ that ุงู„ A modulo N ุจุฏูˆ
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:45:48,130 --> 00:45:59,270
1623
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ B modulo N if and only if ุงู„ N divides ุงู„ A
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:45:59,270 --> 00:46:00,310
1627
+ minus ุงู„ B
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:46:28,860 --> 00:46:35,040
1631
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† a ูˆ b ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุงู„
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:46:35,040 --> 00:46:40,540
1635
+ n ู‡ูˆ positive integer ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ ุงุซุจุชู„ูŠ ุงู† ุงู„ a modulo
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:46:40,540 --> 00:46:44,620
1639
+ n ุจุฏูŠ ุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ b modulo n ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ remainder ุชุจุน ุงู„ a
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:46:44,620 --> 00:46:48,300
1643
+ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฌูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ n ุจุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ remainder ุชุจุน ุงู„ b ู„ู…ุง
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:46:48,300 --> 00:46:52,000
1647
+ ู†ุฌูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ n if and only if ุงู„ n ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ู…ุง
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:46:52,000 --> 00:46:57,480
1651
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ a ูˆ ุงู„ b if and only if ุชุนู†ูŠ ุงู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ ุจุฏูŠ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:46:57,480 --> 00:47:02,990
1655
+ ูŠุญุตู„ wellูู‰ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ูŠู† ุจุณ ู„ูˆ if ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ุญุงู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:47:02,990 --> 00:47:06,430
1659
+ ุจุฏู‰ ู†ุตูŠุฑ ูู‰ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ if and only if ูƒุฃู†
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:47:06,430 --> 00:47:12,150
1663
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุณุฃู„ุชูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ term ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:47:12,150 --> 00:47:16,470
1667
+ ูƒู…ุง ุฃุนุทูŠุชู‡ ุจู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุซุจุช ุงู„ term ุงู„ุชุงู†ู‰ ุจุนุฏูƒ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:47:16,470 --> 00:47:20,470
1671
+ ุงู„ุนูƒุณูŠุฉ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู…ุง ุฃุนุทูŠุชู‡ุง ุจู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุซุจุช ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:47:20,470 --> 00:47:24,970
1675
+ term ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏุงุฌู‰ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ assume
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:47:27,060 --> 00:47:35,820
1679
+ that ุงูุชุฑุถ ุงู† ุงู„ a modulo n ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ b modulo
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:47:35,820 --> 00:47:45,980
1683
+ n ุทูŠุจ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ division algorithm ุงู„ a ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:47:45,980 --> 00:47:54,750
1687
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ู…ุง ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุงู† ุงู„ aูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:47:54,750 --> 00:48:09,230
1691
+ there exist ู…ุซู„ุง q1 ูˆ r1 ููŠ z such that ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู†
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:48:10,850 --> 00:48:15,570
1695
+ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฌูŠุจู‡ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจู„ุงุด ู†ู‚ุนุฏ ู†ูุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:48:15,570 --> 00:48:24,330
1699
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ there exist a q1 ูˆ q2 ูˆ r1 ูˆ r2 and z
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:48:24,330 --> 00:48:29,210
1703
+ such that ุงู„
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:48:29,210 --> 00:48:43,290
1707
+ a ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ q1n ุฒุงุฆุฏ r1 andุทุจุนุง ุงู„ R1 ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูƒุจุฑ
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:48:43,290 --> 00:48:50,470
1711
+ ู…ู† ุฃูˆ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ zero ูˆ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู† ุงู†ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:48:50,470 --> 00:49:01,130
1715
+ ุงู„ B ูŠุจู‚ู‰ Q2N ุฒุงุฆุฏ R2 ูˆR2 ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูˆ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ 0 ุฃู‚ู„
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:49:01,130 --> 00:49:08,810
1719
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ N ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ูƒุฎูˆุงุฑุฒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุณู…ุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:49:08,810 --> 00:49:14,070
1723
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงูุชุฑุถ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุจูŠุณูˆูˆุง ุจุนุถ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:49:14,070 --> 00:49:18,070
1727
+ ุงู„ remainder ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุณูˆูˆุง ุงู„ remainder ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:49:18,390 --> 00:49:23,930
1731
+ ุงุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุจู…ุง ุงู†
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:49:23,930 --> 00:49:34,310
1735
+ since ุงู„ a modulo n ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ b modulo n we
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:49:34,310 --> 00:49:35,370
1739
+ have
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:49:42,050 --> 00:49:47,810
1743
+ ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุงู† ุงู„ุงู† ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ a ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ b ุงุฐุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุทุฑุญ ุงู„
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:49:47,810 --> 00:49:56,090
1747
+ a ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ b ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู† ุงู„ a ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ b ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ a
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:49:56,090 --> 00:50:08,980
1751
+ ู‡ูˆ q1n ุฒุงุฆุฏ r1ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุงู‚ุต Q2N ู†ุงู‚ุต R2 ุชู…ุงู…
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:50:08,980 --> 00:50:18,620
1755
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Q1 ู†ุงู‚ุต Q2 ูƒู„ู‡ ููŠ N ุฒุงุฆุฏ ู…ุด
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:50:18,620 --> 00:50:25,860
1759
+ R1 ุชุณุงูˆูŠ R2 ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณู‡ู„
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:50:25,860 --> 00:50:32,290
1763
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ู‚ู„ุช R1 ุชุณูˆูŠ R2 ู‡ุฐู‡
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:50:32,290 --> 00:50:37,510
1767
+ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู„ุจุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…ุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุฎุฏู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ N
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:50:37,510 --> 00:50:44,930
1771
+ ุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุดุฑูƒ ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ A ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ B ุงู„ A ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ B ูŠุณูˆูŠ
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:50:44,930 --> 00:50:53,890
1775
+ Q1 ู†ุงู‚ุต Q2 ูƒู„ู‡ ููŠ .. ุงูŠุด ุชูุณูŠุฑูƒ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู† ุงู„ N ุจูŠู‚ุณู…
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:50:53,890 --> 00:51:01,480
1779
+ ุงู„ A minus ุงู„ BูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู† ุงู„ N divide ุงู„ A
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:51:01,480 --> 00:51:07,900
1783
+ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ B ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู…ุดูŠ ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:51:07,900 --> 00:51:13,440
1787
+ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู…ุดูŠ ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ conversely
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:51:13,440 --> 00:51:21,380
1791
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ conversely ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ assume ุงูุชุฑุถ ุงู† ุงู„ N
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:51:21,380 --> 00:51:27,740
1795
+ divide ุงู„ A minus ุงู„ Bูˆุจุฏู‰ ุงุญุงูˆู„ ุงุซุจุช ุงู† ุงู„ a
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:51:27,740 --> 00:51:33,900
1799
+ modulo n ุจุฏุฑ ุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ b modulo n ูŠุจุฌู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงูŠู‡
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:51:33,900 --> 00:51:42,480
1803
+ ุงู† ุงู„ a ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ b ุจุฏุฑ ุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ aq ููŠ n ูˆุงู„ aq ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:51:42,480 --> 00:51:51,230
1807
+ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ z ููŠ remainderู…ุงููŠุด remainder ู„ุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:51:51,230 --> 00:51:56,090
1811
+ ุจุชู‚ุณู…ู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ remainder ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠุŸ Zero
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:51:56,090 --> 00:52:03,750
1815
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ and ุงู„ R1 ู†ุงู‚ุต R2 ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Zero
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:52:03,750 --> 00:52:07,750
1819
+ ู„ุฅู† ุงู†ุง ุทุฑุญ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ุจุนุถ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ two
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:52:07,750 --> 00:52:13,580
1823
+ remainders ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ูุฑุถ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูŠูˆ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฅุฐุง ู„ู…ุง
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:52:13,580 --> 00:52:20,520
1827
+ ุงู†ุทุฑุญุชู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ R1 ู†ุงู‚ุต R2 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ R1 ู†ุงู‚ุต R2 ุจู‚ุฏุงุด
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:52:20,520 --> 00:52:27,640
1831
+ ุจ Zero ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู† ุงู„ R1 ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ูŠู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:52:27,640 --> 00:52:32,720
1835
+ remainder ู„ู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ remainder ู„ู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:52:32,720 --> 00:52:39,620
1839
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุฅู† ุงู„ A modulo N ุจุฏู‡ ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ B modulo N
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:52:39,620 --> 00:52:44,480
1843
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ remainder ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:52:44,480 --> 00:52:49,000
1847
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฃุจุณุท ู…ู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:52:49,000 --> 00:52:52,340
1851
+ ุจู†ูƒู…ู„ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ
1852
+