1 00:00:12,640 --> 00:00:18,580 Who are you today? Good. Are you excited because 2 00:00:18,580 --> 00:00:22,060 it's the beginning of the week? Why? 3 00:00:24,760 --> 00:00:30,240 I know exams, midterm exams, but You should be 4 00:00:30,240 --> 00:00:35,340 very careful. If you absent yourself because of 5 00:00:35,340 --> 00:00:38,800 the midterm exam, you will be in trouble. I'm 6 00:00:38,800 --> 00:00:42,980 telling you. So today, please take all the names 7 00:00:42,980 --> 00:00:47,200 of those who are attending. See? Just pass a sheet 8 00:00:47,200 --> 00:00:51,780 to take all the names. Because the midterms will 9 00:00:51,780 --> 00:00:55,820 be given over more than a month. And we don't have 10 00:00:55,820 --> 00:00:59,540 time to waste. The midterm should be given under 11 00:00:59,540 --> 00:01:04,860 the pressure of the exams. So be careful, do not 12 00:01:04,860 --> 00:01:08,200 absent yourself till the other people like to come 13 00:01:08,200 --> 00:01:15,040 to class regularly. Good. So today as usual, we're 14 00:01:15,040 --> 00:01:20,920 going to listen to one or two reports. After that, 15 00:01:21,640 --> 00:01:25,180 we're going again to listen to a response or two. 16 00:01:26,550 --> 00:01:29,850 And then I'll be asking you general question about 17 00:01:29,850 --> 00:01:34,490 your response to the poem. I mean, poem 65, which 18 00:01:34,490 --> 00:01:39,590 I asked you to prepare. After that, we'll be 19 00:01:39,590 --> 00:01:47,270 explaining the theme and perhaps certain aesthetic 20 00:01:47,270 --> 00:01:55,780 elements in that poem. Okay? Good. Let's see. One 21 00:01:55,780 --> 00:01:57,340 who is willing to report. 22 00:01:59,940 --> 00:02:05,300 Yes? Who wants to read a report? Yes, please. 23 00:02:14,960 --> 00:02:18,200 Say good morning, how are you? You should say 24 00:02:18,200 --> 00:02:23,980 that, yes? Not last lecture. Go ahead. Last 25 00:02:23,980 --> 00:02:27,000 lecture, the teacher came and started his lecture 26 00:02:27,000 --> 00:02:30,860 by asking how we are doing. Then he asked how do 27 00:02:30,860 --> 00:02:34,160 we feel, how do we feel, how do we feel, do we 28 00:02:34,160 --> 00:02:37,580 find poetry. Then he asked us how we find poetry 29 00:02:37,580 --> 00:02:40,810 because this is indirect question. Okay. Some 30 00:02:40,810 --> 00:02:43,730 students answered positively and some negatively. 31 00:02:44,310 --> 00:02:47,050 The teacher continued his lecture by talking about 32 00:02:47,050 --> 00:02:50,630 Shakespeare's sonnet, Shall I Compare Thee to a 33 00:02:50,630 --> 00:02:53,530 Summer's Day. He finished it and told us to write 34 00:02:53,530 --> 00:02:58,110 a short paragraph about the theme of the poem, and 35 00:02:58,110 --> 00:03:00,990 it must be ready next time. Anyway, last lecture 36 00:03:00,990 --> 00:03:04,480 was interesting. Because the poem was for 37 00:03:04,480 --> 00:03:07,640 Shakespeare and I like all his writings such as 38 00:03:07,640 --> 00:03:11,300 plays and poetry He's good and he's good writer 39 00:03:11,300 --> 00:03:14,080 and skillful. I hope to have a skill like him. 40 00:03:14,140 --> 00:03:20,340 Okay. Thank you very much Yes Yes, please come and 41 00:03:20,340 --> 00:03:29,080 report you you yes Okay 42 00:03:29,080 --> 00:03:35,270 Just I'll see you later What about you there? 43 00:03:37,670 --> 00:03:42,270 Okay. So, yes, you come. 44 00:03:46,810 --> 00:03:49,690 Those who have reports, please bring it now here. 45 00:03:50,210 --> 00:03:53,990 Okay? Bring it now. Those who have reports, all of 46 00:03:53,990 --> 00:03:56,570 them, bring them here. The reports for the day. 47 00:03:57,530 --> 00:04:01,910 Okay? Bring all your reports here today. 48 00:04:05,700 --> 00:04:09,060 Just like, yes, okay. Sit down, sit down, sit 49 00:04:09,060 --> 00:04:12,580 down. Now, later I'll take them. It was strange 50 00:04:12,580 --> 00:04:15,420 when Dr. Akram asked for responses, not daily 51 00:04:15,420 --> 00:04:18,480 reports, because it was the second lecture on the 52 00:04:18,480 --> 00:04:20,880 poem. But the responses were nice because they 53 00:04:20,880 --> 00:04:23,900 refreshed our minds about the poem. The teacher 54 00:04:23,900 --> 00:04:26,720 read the poem in many different ways, and he asked 55 00:04:26,720 --> 00:04:28,900 us to choose the most suitable reading for the 56 00:04:28,900 --> 00:04:31,640 poem. He gave us a universal discussion for the 57 00:04:31,640 --> 00:04:34,140 poem, including the theme, attitudes, and figures 58 00:04:34,140 --> 00:04:37,440 of speech. The laughable thing which happened with 59 00:04:37,440 --> 00:04:40,600 me many times that when I wanted to answer, the 60 00:04:40,600 --> 00:04:42,820 teacher's phone rang. So I need to repeat my 61 00:04:42,820 --> 00:04:45,540 answers many times. It was nice when Dr. Akram 62 00:04:45,540 --> 00:04:48,760 postponed the time of exam and reflection, and at 63 00:04:48,760 --> 00:04:51,940 the end of the class, he asked for the second 64 00:04:51,940 --> 00:04:54,400 semester for Shakespeare to be prepared. Thank 65 00:04:54,400 --> 00:04:54,580 you. 66 00:05:00,360 --> 00:05:02,800 You know, in the class, like everybody should be 67 00:05:02,800 --> 00:05:08,030 punctual. You see? When I say you have to write 68 00:05:08,030 --> 00:05:11,390 reports, you have to write. Here you are coming 69 00:05:11,390 --> 00:05:14,030 without writing reports, without writing response, 70 00:05:14,370 --> 00:05:18,110 so you are not entitled to having the marks for 71 00:05:18,110 --> 00:05:20,450 these activities. 72 00:05:23,650 --> 00:05:29,050 Anyway, let's see now. Yes, I asked you to write a 73 00:05:29,050 --> 00:05:34,820 paragraph about the theme of the power. So let's 74 00:05:34,820 --> 00:05:41,320 see a theme. I want to read it myself. Yes, those 75 00:05:41,320 --> 00:05:44,820 who prepared a theme. Yes, give me your theme, 76 00:05:44,960 --> 00:05:45,180 please. 77 00:05:50,780 --> 00:05:55,420 Just try to read it. Okay, read it. You are the 78 00:05:55,420 --> 00:05:58,200 same student? Okay, she's lucky. 79 00:06:01,150 --> 00:06:03,590 It's a nice poem for Shakespeare in which he wants 80 00:06:03,590 --> 00:06:05,910 to express the theme of immortality. 81 00:06:10,470 --> 00:06:14,330 He wants to express the immortality of his 82 00:06:14,330 --> 00:06:16,890 friend's beauty through immortality of his poetry. 83 00:06:17,350 --> 00:06:20,010 And to express his theme, he uses simple language 84 00:06:20,010 --> 00:06:22,250 unsuitable to the course of his speech. Also, he 85 00:06:22,250 --> 00:06:27,650 chooses a logical... Allegorical. Yes. So here, I 86 00:06:27,650 --> 00:06:30,570 asked you to talk about the theme, but you started 87 00:06:30,570 --> 00:06:35,410 to talk about the style. Yes, but they support the 88 00:06:35,410 --> 00:06:38,350 theme. Okay, so you want to support the theme. But 89 00:06:38,350 --> 00:06:41,250 could you tell me what is the theme in just a 90 00:06:41,250 --> 00:06:44,650 couple of words? Immortality of his friend's 91 00:06:44,650 --> 00:06:48,210 beauty through his poetry, power of poetry. Okay, 92 00:06:48,610 --> 00:06:51,010 so this is like immortality of the beauty of his 93 00:06:51,010 --> 00:06:54,730 friend through his poetry. Now, do you buy this? 94 00:06:54,850 --> 00:06:57,190 Do you think that Shakespeare is trying to 95 00:06:57,190 --> 00:07:00,370 immortalize the beauty of his friend through his 96 00:07:00,370 --> 00:07:04,540 poetry? Or does Shakespeare like mean something 97 00:07:04,540 --> 00:07:04,940 else? 98 00:07:08,060 --> 00:07:10,040 Don't you think that Shakespeare wants to 99 00:07:10,040 --> 00:07:13,280 immortalize himself? Yes. 100 00:07:18,380 --> 00:07:19,020 Yes. 101 00:07:22,620 --> 00:07:26,480 Okay. But do you remember what the last line, how 102 00:07:26,480 --> 00:07:31,460 the last line, so long as men can breathe, so long 103 00:07:32,770 --> 00:07:39,110 Live this, and this gives life to thee. So, like, 104 00:07:39,350 --> 00:07:43,750 who's bragging here? He's bragging. Shakespeare is 105 00:07:43,750 --> 00:07:47,550 bragging. Why is he bragging? Because his poetry 106 00:07:47,550 --> 00:07:53,350 will remain immortal. So I think this line might 107 00:07:53,350 --> 00:07:57,210 give us a twist about the real theme, which is, 108 00:07:57,550 --> 00:08:00,150 you know, the immortality of Shakespeare's poetry. 109 00:08:01,290 --> 00:08:05,250 Yes, he's trying to immortalize the beauty of his 110 00:08:05,250 --> 00:08:08,490 friend. Yes, the summer of his friend will be 111 00:08:08,490 --> 00:08:12,710 immortal, you know, through his poetry. But, you 112 00:08:12,710 --> 00:08:16,050 know, in the couplet of this stanza, Shakespeare 113 00:08:16,050 --> 00:08:21,410 is stressing, is bragging that his poetry will 114 00:08:21,410 --> 00:08:27,150 last forever. Yes, okay? Yes. Yes, biological 115 00:08:27,150 --> 00:08:30,190 organization of standards starting by comparing 116 00:08:30,190 --> 00:08:32,910 between his friend and the summer's day till he 117 00:08:32,910 --> 00:08:35,130 reached to the solution in the couplet. Yes, it is 118 00:08:35,130 --> 00:08:41,550 good here to follow how Shakespeare comes to this 119 00:08:41,550 --> 00:08:45,530 conclusion. I like it because it's an argument. So 120 00:08:45,530 --> 00:08:48,130 in the first quatrain, what is he saying? In the 121 00:08:48,130 --> 00:08:50,830 second quatrain, what is he saying? In the third 122 00:08:50,830 --> 00:08:54,330 and in the couplet, he's concluding all the 123 00:08:54,330 --> 00:08:58,050 argument. Do you remember what he said in the 124 00:08:58,050 --> 00:09:04,470 first quatrain? In the first quatrain, I think he 125 00:09:04,470 --> 00:09:09,890 declined to compare. 126 00:09:10,820 --> 00:09:16,580 Then he started to enlist the reasons why he 127 00:09:16,580 --> 00:09:21,080 wouldn't. You know, then in the third quatrain, he 128 00:09:21,080 --> 00:09:26,560 started to pledge, to vow that she, that the 129 00:09:26,560 --> 00:09:29,920 beauty of his friend will be immortal. And 130 00:09:29,920 --> 00:09:34,920 finally, in the couplet, he said, how? See? So it 131 00:09:34,920 --> 00:09:37,520 was very organized. Good. Thank you very much. 132 00:09:43,400 --> 00:09:46,940 I know today we are approaching two poems, but I 133 00:09:46,940 --> 00:09:49,760 see some students like little bit surprised 134 00:09:49,760 --> 00:09:52,540 because they thought we're not doing this poem. 135 00:09:53,760 --> 00:09:59,060 You know? I remember I told you like to prepare 136 00:09:59,060 --> 00:10:08,620 the next sonnet, which is 65. Okay? Now, how did 137 00:10:08,620 --> 00:10:11,880 you find like those who prepared? How did you find 138 00:10:11,880 --> 00:10:12,420 the sonnet? 139 00:10:15,880 --> 00:10:25,520 yes yes please it is a kind of it makes me so 140 00:10:25,520 --> 00:10:27,740 frightened for the idea of mortality like 141 00:10:27,740 --> 00:10:30,600 everything is going to end yes so you were 142 00:10:30,600 --> 00:10:37,440 frightened yeah okay good yes i find it more close 143 00:10:37,440 --> 00:10:40,720 to the last sunnah and if you want to assure in 144 00:10:40,720 --> 00:10:44,690 power surround that he would be immortal by his 145 00:10:44,690 --> 00:10:47,670 poetry. So I like the way you are connecting 146 00:10:47,670 --> 00:10:52,550 between sonnet 18 and sonnet 65. Yes? 147 00:10:59,090 --> 00:11:05,310 Okay, have you read the poem aloud? Have you read 148 00:11:05,310 --> 00:11:08,030 the poem aloud? How was it like? 149 00:11:11,340 --> 00:11:12,040 Too sad. 150 00:11:15,480 --> 00:11:16,300 Okay, 151 00:11:18,540 --> 00:11:22,540 I like it. The poet seems to be frustrated because 152 00:11:22,540 --> 00:11:23,200 of? 153 00:11:26,640 --> 00:11:29,420 Excellent. But did he remain frustrated? 154 00:11:37,880 --> 00:11:40,480 Do you agree with her that the whole atmosphere of 155 00:11:40,480 --> 00:11:44,200 the poem is gloomy? Okay. 156 00:11:48,060 --> 00:11:54,360 What about this? Oh none, unless this Merkel have 157 00:11:54,360 --> 00:11:59,100 might, that in blank ink my love may still shine 158 00:11:59,100 --> 00:12:02,920 bright. What about this? You know? What about 159 00:12:02,920 --> 00:12:10,250 this? Is he still? Yes? So it's okay, yeah, the 160 00:12:10,250 --> 00:12:13,870 atmosphere of the poem is frightening, but you 161 00:12:13,870 --> 00:12:19,490 know, the poem ends in a hopeful note. Yes? 162 00:12:25,390 --> 00:12:29,110 So he's, 163 00:12:30,090 --> 00:12:32,390 it is a recurrent theme, you know? It is the same 164 00:12:32,390 --> 00:12:33,330 theme, you know? 165 00:12:40,060 --> 00:12:40,880 Okay, 166 00:12:49,600 --> 00:12:53,760 so it is, you know, a repeated theme, but the 167 00:12:53,760 --> 00:12:56,940 question is Shakespeare repeating himself, you 168 00:12:56,940 --> 00:13:01,060 know? Now, if yes, is he repeating in the same 169 00:13:01,060 --> 00:13:04,980 form? Because sometimes you might say or you might 170 00:13:04,980 --> 00:13:09,280 express the same idea by different ways. So if 171 00:13:09,280 --> 00:13:11,580 Shakespeare is expressing his idea in the same 172 00:13:11,580 --> 00:13:15,120 way, so he's boring and he's not worthy reading. 173 00:13:15,860 --> 00:13:19,680 So I think it is a different image. But let's, you 174 00:13:19,680 --> 00:13:22,240 know, I want, like, to read the poem aloud for 175 00:13:22,240 --> 00:13:25,740 you. And after that, I'll be, like, giving you a 176 00:13:25,740 --> 00:13:32,880 task. This task is just to try to categorize the 177 00:13:32,880 --> 00:13:38,560 forces, I mean, all the forces that have to do 178 00:13:38,560 --> 00:13:40,520 with the power or the elements that have to do 179 00:13:40,520 --> 00:13:44,740 with power, and all the elements that have to do 180 00:13:44,740 --> 00:13:48,560 with weakness. So we have strong elements and weak 181 00:13:48,560 --> 00:13:53,060 elements. So I want you to enlist and to see what 182 00:13:53,060 --> 00:13:56,980 is like feeble, what is weak, what is fragile, and 183 00:13:56,980 --> 00:14:00,120 then what is strong, what is impregnant. Okay? 184 00:14:07,560 --> 00:14:14,660 Since brass nor stone nor earth nor boundless sea, 185 00:14:16,120 --> 00:14:21,520 but sad mortality oversways their power. How with 186 00:14:21,520 --> 00:14:26,360 this rage shall a beauty hold a plea whose action 187 00:14:26,360 --> 00:14:31,460 is no stronger than a flower? Or how shall 188 00:14:31,460 --> 00:14:35,780 someone's honey breath hold out against the 189 00:14:35,780 --> 00:14:39,820 reckful siege of battering days when rocks 190 00:14:39,820 --> 00:14:44,760 impregnable are not so stout nor gates of steel so 191 00:14:44,760 --> 00:14:50,820 strong but time decays oh fearful meditation oh 192 00:14:50,820 --> 00:14:54,660 fearful meditation where alack shall times best 193 00:14:54,660 --> 00:14:59,640 jewel from times just lighted Or what strong hand? 194 00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:03,540 Or what strong hand can hold his swift foot back? 195 00:15:04,020 --> 00:15:09,300 Or who his spool of beauty can forbid? Oh, none, 196 00:15:10,120 --> 00:15:15,500 unless this miracle have might, that in black ink 197 00:15:15,500 --> 00:15:21,720 my love may still shine bright. So now you have 198 00:15:21,720 --> 00:15:25,340 the poem. You have the text. In five minutes, I 199 00:15:25,340 --> 00:15:31,660 want you to categorize the elements of fragility, 200 00:15:32,600 --> 00:15:35,160 feebleness, and the elements of power and 201 00:15:35,160 --> 00:15:40,200 strength. So what is here, stone is linked with 202 00:15:40,200 --> 00:15:43,360 brass, and so on. Just five minutes. 203 00:15:46,420 --> 00:15:46,920 Go ahead. 204 00:15:51,760 --> 00:15:58,510 Yes, let's see now. What you have done. Yes. What 205 00:15:58,510 --> 00:16:03,750 are the elements of power? Yes, please. Go ahead. 206 00:16:03,950 --> 00:16:04,810 Yes. 207 00:16:07,630 --> 00:16:09,510 You picked out. 208 00:16:14,090 --> 00:16:17,510 Stone. Yes. Brass. 209 00:16:25,140 --> 00:16:33,000 Boundless seas. Rage. Rage, okay, rage. So you 210 00:16:33,000 --> 00:16:40,240 have brass, stone, earth, seas. Gates of steel. 211 00:16:40,720 --> 00:16:48,680 Gates of steel, yes. And the most powerful is the 212 00:16:48,680 --> 00:16:53,470 sad mortality itself. Yes, yes. Okay, good. What 213 00:16:53,470 --> 00:16:58,770 about, you know, yeah, okay, let's see somebody 214 00:16:58,770 --> 00:17:01,770 else. Yes, please. What are the elements of 215 00:17:01,770 --> 00:17:06,330 weakness? Yes, flour, honey, meditation. 216 00:17:11,210 --> 00:17:15,910 These things are delicate. They are feeble or 217 00:17:15,910 --> 00:17:20,410 frail. You know what means frail? Very, very weak. 218 00:17:21,130 --> 00:17:24,850 Frail means weak or feeble. 219 00:17:31,410 --> 00:17:37,800 Okay. What else? Now miracle, I think the miracle 220 00:17:37,800 --> 00:17:42,140 has, you know, you know, strong implication. What 221 00:17:42,140 --> 00:17:51,480 else? Beauty and jewel? No, swift. Foot. A foot, 222 00:17:51,680 --> 00:17:54,680 when a foot is swift, it means it's very strong. 223 00:17:55,880 --> 00:17:56,260 Plea. 224 00:17:59,640 --> 00:18:03,520 I don't think, yes, plea, it has to do with, you 225 00:18:03,520 --> 00:18:06,940 know, plea. Because when you are having a plea, 226 00:18:07,240 --> 00:18:12,940 you want to defend yourself. What else? What about 227 00:18:12,940 --> 00:18:19,540 black ink? What is ink? Yeah, I know. Is it strong 228 00:18:19,540 --> 00:18:26,380 or weak? Weak. Now somebody says no. If you are in 229 00:18:26,380 --> 00:18:28,440 India and you say like this, it means you agree. 230 00:18:29,610 --> 00:18:33,930 But you disagree, yes? Yes. So why? I think it has 231 00:18:33,930 --> 00:18:37,210 to do with the strength. It has to do with the 232 00:18:37,210 --> 00:18:43,910 strength. Power. Okay, yeah. Like why? I have no 233 00:18:43,910 --> 00:18:49,190 idea. So why, you know? Maybe ink is there for 234 00:18:49,190 --> 00:18:54,890 everything. So if we are looking at ink, because 235 00:18:54,890 --> 00:18:57,370 you know, what is going to be written in black 236 00:18:57,370 --> 00:19:01,910 ink, it is a metonymy of his poetry, so his poetry 237 00:19:01,910 --> 00:19:08,270 here is going to surpass all these elements. Good. 238 00:19:09,250 --> 00:19:15,210 I think before just going through the poem, let's 239 00:19:15,210 --> 00:19:20,640 see here what is Being perceived as a source of 240 00:19:20,640 --> 00:19:26,660 power and strength is proven to be like what? 241 00:19:26,840 --> 00:19:31,120 Feeble, fragile. And what is fragile, like the 242 00:19:31,120 --> 00:19:35,200 ink, which is feeble, is going to be very strong. 243 00:19:35,500 --> 00:19:39,320 So we have a reversal of the code, you know? We 244 00:19:39,320 --> 00:19:42,560 have a reversal in the semantic code of the words 245 00:19:42,560 --> 00:19:46,340 themselves. I mean, they are reversed. What is 246 00:19:46,340 --> 00:19:50,880 strong, what appears to be strong will be weak, 247 00:19:51,180 --> 00:19:54,660 and what appears to be weak will be strong. So 248 00:19:54,660 --> 00:20:01,260 this is a reversal. But now I think, you know, let 249 00:20:01,260 --> 00:20:09,020 us see what is brass, like sometimes words are 250 00:20:09,020 --> 00:20:10,600 associated with the meaning. What is brass 251 00:20:10,600 --> 00:20:17,350 associated with? Since brass,stone and earth nor 252 00:20:17,350 --> 00:20:20,190 boundless sea, but sad mortality overswathes their 253 00:20:20,190 --> 00:20:22,950 power. So here you have a confrontation. 254 00:20:24,370 --> 00:20:27,390 Shakespeare is giving us an image of 255 00:20:27,390 --> 00:20:30,830 confrontation, you know, between what and what. 256 00:20:32,370 --> 00:20:39,190 Sad mortality is doing what? Sweeps the power of 257 00:20:39,190 --> 00:20:47,310 what? Brass? Stone? And boundless sea. Okay. And 258 00:20:47,310 --> 00:20:50,110 now it's a battle. It's like a battle, yes? Do you 259 00:20:50,110 --> 00:20:58,150 imagine how sad mortality is like very violent and 260 00:20:58,150 --> 00:21:02,690 is doing what? Destroys everything. Since brass, 261 00:21:03,270 --> 00:21:07,930 nor stone, nor earth, nor boundless sea, but sad 262 00:21:07,930 --> 00:21:11,650 mortality oversways their power. So who's the 263 00:21:11,650 --> 00:21:12,370 strongest here? 264 00:21:15,240 --> 00:21:17,340 Yes, sad mortality. What is sad mortality? A 265 00:21:17,340 --> 00:21:22,320 metonymy of? Death. Wow. So death is very 266 00:21:22,320 --> 00:21:26,000 powerful. Death, which was bragging in the 267 00:21:26,000 --> 00:21:31,820 previous stanza, is still now, you know, seen as a 268 00:21:31,820 --> 00:21:36,300 very ruthless power which oversways everything, 269 00:21:36,720 --> 00:21:41,500 like stones, brass, you know, earth, et cetera. 270 00:21:41,860 --> 00:21:46,310 But let me go back to my question. The words brass 271 00:21:46,310 --> 00:21:49,030 and stone are always associated with what? 272 00:21:50,830 --> 00:22:02,930 Buildings? Buildings? Power? Why power? We use 273 00:22:02,930 --> 00:22:06,550 metals. And sometimes like, do you know the Statue 274 00:22:06,550 --> 00:22:09,990 of Liberty? What are statues? If you have been to 275 00:22:09,990 --> 00:22:13,910 Cairo, you will see many statues. The statues are 276 00:22:13,910 --> 00:22:18,950 made of what? Either brass, steel, copper, you 277 00:22:18,950 --> 00:22:24,090 know, or stone. So because those things, I mean 278 00:22:24,090 --> 00:22:29,850 brass, stone, were used in making up statues. So 279 00:22:29,850 --> 00:22:32,790 they are linked with the idea of immortality. So 280 00:22:32,790 --> 00:22:39,690 people have been using these elements in building 281 00:22:39,690 --> 00:22:44,850 statues in order to defy Did you see the statue of 282 00:22:44,850 --> 00:22:48,610 Gaddafi? Did you see his head, which was made of 283 00:22:48,610 --> 00:22:58,090 gold? Yeah. So Gaddafi thought that this statue 284 00:22:58,090 --> 00:23:05,080 will immortalize him. But he was mistaken. because 285 00:23:05,080 --> 00:23:09,260 death was more powerful. So Shakespeare realized 286 00:23:09,260 --> 00:23:13,360 that death was more powerful than all those 287 00:23:13,360 --> 00:23:19,460 elements, since brass nor stone, like it is, you 288 00:23:19,460 --> 00:23:22,980 know, an assumption. Shakespeare assumes that all 289 00:23:22,980 --> 00:23:27,780 these powerful things will be weak, feeble, you 290 00:23:27,780 --> 00:23:33,600 know, in the face of sad mortality. And then, how 291 00:23:33,600 --> 00:23:37,240 with this rage shall beauty hold a plea? So 292 00:23:37,240 --> 00:23:41,780 Shakespeare is asking a question. This poem is 293 00:23:41,780 --> 00:23:46,120 full of rhetorical questions. You know what I 294 00:23:46,120 --> 00:23:49,420 mean? Rhetorical questions. Questions that do not 295 00:23:49,420 --> 00:23:52,660 need answers. 296 00:23:52,960 --> 00:23:55,400 How many questions do we have? I want you to look 297 00:23:55,400 --> 00:23:58,040 at the poem and tell me how many questions do we 298 00:23:58,040 --> 00:23:59,880 have. Look here. 299 00:24:03,060 --> 00:24:10,260 How with this rage? Five equations. Or how? Let's 300 00:24:10,260 --> 00:24:12,740 see one. How with this rage shall beauty hold a 301 00:24:12,740 --> 00:24:13,660 plea? One. 302 00:24:16,780 --> 00:24:19,140 Whose action is no stronger than a flower? 303 00:24:21,900 --> 00:24:27,610 Or how shall summer's honey breath hold out? Okay? 304 00:24:29,430 --> 00:24:30,070 You know? 305 00:24:33,370 --> 00:24:38,650 No, no, no. It's like here, look here. Yes, we 306 00:24:38,650 --> 00:24:41,990 have five questions. This is the first question. 307 00:24:42,590 --> 00:24:45,870 How with this trade shall beauty hold a plea? This 308 00:24:45,870 --> 00:24:50,290 is whose action is relatively close. It is not a 309 00:24:50,290 --> 00:24:53,970 question. This is question number two. How shall 310 00:24:53,970 --> 00:24:57,920 summer's honey breath hold out? Against the 311 00:24:57,920 --> 00:25:00,180 reckful siege of battering day, these are not 312 00:25:00,180 --> 00:25:03,220 questions, where rocks impregnable are not stouts 313 00:25:03,220 --> 00:25:08,060 nor gates of steel so strong, but time decays. O 314 00:25:08,060 --> 00:25:11,240 fearful meditation, what a lack! This is like the 315 00:25:11,240 --> 00:25:14,600 third question. Shall time's best jewel from 316 00:25:14,600 --> 00:25:18,400 time's chest lie head? Or what strong hand? Like 317 00:25:18,400 --> 00:25:21,980 the fourth question. Or who? The fifth question. 318 00:25:22,340 --> 00:25:27,620 So we have five rhetorical questions. So these 319 00:25:27,620 --> 00:25:31,620 questions like, what is he asking in these 320 00:25:31,620 --> 00:25:35,780 questions? In these questions, like these 321 00:25:35,780 --> 00:25:38,140 questions, he's asking them, yes? 322 00:25:41,020 --> 00:25:50,620 So he was wondering about the power, about, you 323 00:25:50,620 --> 00:25:56,150 know, the powerful thing that would deter the 324 00:25:56,150 --> 00:25:59,910 ravages of death. You know what's with deter? Like 325 00:25:59,910 --> 00:26:11,450 repulse. You know? To deter. So he 326 00:26:11,450 --> 00:26:15,170 was looking all the time. He was asking. Now this 327 00:26:15,170 --> 00:26:19,230 poem, because you know Shakespeare was a 328 00:26:19,230 --> 00:26:23,450 playwright. He was writing for plays. So this 329 00:26:23,450 --> 00:26:29,610 poem, It should be read aloud because it is very 330 00:26:29,610 --> 00:26:34,190 effective because of the rhetorical question. So 331 00:26:34,190 --> 00:26:41,790 if you read it on the stage, it should sound like 332 00:26:41,790 --> 00:26:45,410 somebody who's, you know, there is drama in it. 333 00:26:45,670 --> 00:26:49,210 There is drama in it. So let's listen to the poem 334 00:26:49,210 --> 00:26:51,530 read 335 00:26:52,520 --> 00:26:57,200 by or recited by a native speaker and see how it's 336 00:26:57,200 --> 00:26:57,980 going to be like. 337 00:27:03,000 --> 00:27:04,920 Summit 65. 338 00:27:07,700 --> 00:27:12,520 With brass, no stone, no earth, no boundless sea, 339 00:27:13,000 --> 00:27:17,680 that sad mortality outweighs their power. How with 340 00:27:17,680 --> 00:27:22,360 this rage shall beauty hold a plea? Whose action 341 00:27:22,360 --> 00:27:26,780 is there stronger than a flower? O, how shall 342 00:27:26,780 --> 00:27:29,280 summer's honeyed breath hold out Against the 343 00:27:29,280 --> 00:27:33,000 workful siege of battering days, When locks 344 00:27:33,000 --> 00:27:36,960 impregnable are not so stout, Nor gates of steel 345 00:27:36,960 --> 00:27:40,760 so strong, but time decays? 346 00:27:42,680 --> 00:27:48,100 O fearful meditation! Where on heck shall time's 347 00:27:48,100 --> 00:27:52,210 best jewel From time's chest lie hid? Oh, what 348 00:27:52,210 --> 00:27:56,230 strong hand can hold his swift foot back? Oh, 349 00:27:56,310 --> 00:28:01,350 cruelly spoiled beauty can forbid? Oh, none, 350 00:28:02,410 --> 00:28:07,910 unless this miracle have might, that in black ink 351 00:28:07,910 --> 00:28:14,590 my love may still shine bright. Wow. So I think, 352 00:28:14,650 --> 00:28:17,010 you know, as you see Shakespeare is very 353 00:28:17,010 --> 00:28:21,320 confident. So Shakespeare is very confident that 354 00:28:21,320 --> 00:28:31,400 his poetry will be immortal. Yes. If you want, you 355 00:28:31,400 --> 00:28:34,960 can recite it better than the native speaker. You 356 00:28:34,960 --> 00:28:42,920 can. But as you see, Shakespeare lived 357 00:28:42,920 --> 00:28:47,000 the dilemma. There was a dilemma. You know what's 358 00:28:47,000 --> 00:28:50,240 been the dilemma? Like death. The dilemma was like 359 00:28:50,240 --> 00:28:56,020 death was leaving nothing. But what is interesting 360 00:28:56,020 --> 00:29:01,360 here, look at each stanza, what he's doing. In the 361 00:29:01,360 --> 00:29:07,040 first stanza, summer's 362 00:29:07,040 --> 00:29:13,580 honey or the beauty of his friend is seen in the 363 00:29:13,580 --> 00:29:18,070 face of time like what? Like, how shall summer's 364 00:29:18,070 --> 00:29:20,970 honey, which is a metonymy of the beauty of his 365 00:29:20,970 --> 00:29:29,090 friend, you know, hold out against what? Against, 366 00:29:29,270 --> 00:29:32,630 sorry, let's go to the poem. The first, I mean. 367 00:29:33,590 --> 00:29:39,350 Here, sad mortality, you know, and the beauty of 368 00:29:39,350 --> 00:29:42,950 his friend. How with a straight shall beauty hold 369 00:29:42,950 --> 00:29:46,070 a plea, whose action is no stronger than a flower? 370 00:29:46,490 --> 00:29:51,390 So the beauty of his friend is like what? A 371 00:29:51,390 --> 00:29:55,790 defendant, a helpless defendant in the court, 372 00:29:56,470 --> 00:30:05,730 who's trying to justify, to explain. But as you 373 00:30:05,730 --> 00:30:09,110 see, it can do nothing. How with a straight shall 374 00:30:09,110 --> 00:30:13,780 beauty hold a plea? defend itself. So it's a court 375 00:30:13,780 --> 00:30:19,860 scene where the defendant is very weak and the 376 00:30:19,860 --> 00:30:26,580 defendant is trying to defend itself. Then, again, 377 00:30:27,800 --> 00:30:32,860 the image or the same idea is repeated but in a 378 00:30:32,860 --> 00:30:38,040 different image. The image Or, how shall someone's 379 00:30:38,040 --> 00:30:41,740 honey breath hold out against the wrickful siege 380 00:30:41,740 --> 00:30:46,320 of battering days? Here, I think all of us know 381 00:30:46,320 --> 00:30:49,600 what siege means. You know siege? Or should I 382 00:30:49,600 --> 00:30:55,470 explain it? So, is siege tough? We, like 383 00:30:55,470 --> 00:30:58,850 Palestinians, know what is the siege, how the 384 00:30:58,850 --> 00:31:05,110 siege is tough. We've been living in siege or 385 00:31:05,110 --> 00:31:10,750 under the siege for almost five years. It was very 386 00:31:10,750 --> 00:31:16,430 unjust siege. And you see, the siege means you 387 00:31:16,430 --> 00:31:19,770 cannot go anywhere. You cannot go anywhere. But 388 00:31:19,770 --> 00:31:22,770 here, if you just look at this image, the siege, 389 00:31:24,920 --> 00:31:29,500 And here, Samarzani, or the beauty of Samarzani is 390 00:31:29,500 --> 00:31:35,680 here. Like a man, imagine, and it is not only a 391 00:31:35,680 --> 00:31:38,540 siege, but there are, you know, some guards who 392 00:31:38,540 --> 00:31:44,780 are, there are some soldiers who are imposing this 393 00:31:44,780 --> 00:31:47,800 siege. Who are these soldiers? And what they are 394 00:31:47,800 --> 00:31:52,720 carrying? If you look, they are soldiers who are 395 00:31:52,720 --> 00:31:57,170 carrying They are battering days, you know, 396 00:31:58,510 --> 00:32:03,110 against the requisite of battering days. So the 397 00:32:03,110 --> 00:32:07,150 days, the days of time, of course, are like 398 00:32:07,150 --> 00:32:14,990 soldiers who are holding what? Big hammers, very 399 00:32:14,990 --> 00:32:20,390 huge hammers. You know, imagine like you'll go 400 00:32:20,390 --> 00:32:25,670 crazy. This is like very frightening. My God, what 401 00:32:25,670 --> 00:32:32,030 about this fragile? What will it do? Nothing. And 402 00:32:32,030 --> 00:32:38,790 then, you know, again, 403 00:32:38,890 --> 00:32:40,590 you know, the same thing. 404 00:32:43,850 --> 00:32:50,390 Time is seen like a very powerful Giant with a big 405 00:32:50,390 --> 00:32:53,590 head, you know, with a huge thought which is 406 00:32:53,590 --> 00:32:58,690 kicking, you know, like, you know, the beauty of 407 00:32:58,690 --> 00:33:02,610 his friend. So don't you think these meditations 408 00:33:02,610 --> 00:33:07,530 were frightening meditations? So here he says, oh, 409 00:33:07,610 --> 00:33:13,970 for fearful meditation, where I lack. I think it's 410 00:33:13,970 --> 00:33:17,270 a very frightening thing. But Shakespeare 411 00:33:17,270 --> 00:33:25,490 succeeded in overcoming this by saying, oh none. 412 00:33:26,450 --> 00:33:30,450 So in all these things, he was looking for a power 413 00:33:30,450 --> 00:33:35,550 which would deter. Oh none, unless this miracle 414 00:33:35,550 --> 00:33:42,250 have might. Might? What's mean might? Power. We 415 00:33:42,250 --> 00:33:46,270 say in the name of Allah Almighty, Mighty Power. 416 00:33:48,010 --> 00:33:50,830 You see, might here means power. Oh none unless 417 00:33:50,830 --> 00:33:55,950 this miracle have might that in a black ink my 418 00:33:55,950 --> 00:34:00,810 love may still shine bright. My love. the memory 419 00:34:00,810 --> 00:34:05,930 of my friend. But Shakespeare, I think, means more 420 00:34:05,930 --> 00:34:08,730 than the memory, more than the beauty of his 421 00:34:08,730 --> 00:34:11,510 friend. Shakespeare was a great writer who wanted 422 00:34:11,510 --> 00:34:16,270 to immortalize his himself through his poetry. I 423 00:34:16,270 --> 00:34:18,890 think, you know, we know we touched the theme, but 424 00:34:18,890 --> 00:34:22,530 it seems like we have to go deeper into the 425 00:34:22,530 --> 00:34:25,230 aesthetics. And this is what we are going to do 426 00:34:25,230 --> 00:34:29,610 next time. I want you to prepare it very well. I 427 00:34:29,610 --> 00:34:33,230 mean, to look into the aesthetics and try to link 428 00:34:33,230 --> 00:34:35,930 between the specialized language and the common 429 00:34:35,930 --> 00:34:38,590 language. Okay? Thank you very much for listening 430 00:34:38,590 --> 00:34:39,630 and see you next time.