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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم أبناء الطلبة والطالبات أهلا

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وسهلا بكم جميعا إن شاء الله اليوم سوف نتحدث عن

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المحاضرة الثانية وهي بعنوان ال school health اللي

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هي الصحة المدرسية في البداية نجي ل first ال

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definition of school health يعني الآن لو أنا بدي

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أعرف إيش معناة الصحة المدرسيةالصحة المدرسية يعني

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التعريف الأمثل إلى طبعا لعدة تعريف لكن التعريف

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الأفضل إلى اللي هي all activities يعني كل النشاطات

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that promote students physical emotional and

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social development all activities that promote

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student physical أيش بقصد في promote student

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physical يعني we should assessالطفل وممكن نعمل

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assessment للطفل from head to toe or according to

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body system يعني to assess his neurological

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system، cardiovascular system، respiratory system،

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gastrointestinal system، urinary system،

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musculoskeletal system، integumental system and

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etcالهدف من الـ Assessment هذا To identify

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student's problems وهذا فعلا اللي بنعمله في الصحة

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المدرسية أول ما يخش الطالب اللي هو المدرسة

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الإبتدائية الصف الأول فعندما أقول definition of

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school health هو عبارة عن all activities that

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promote student physical emotional، إيش بقصد

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emotional؟ We should teach that childto feel

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empathy towards other students أيش يعني to feel

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empathy towards other students يعني to understand

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the feelings and emotions of othersلكن لا يريد

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الطفل أن يشعر بالمشاركة لطفل أخر لأن المشاركة هي

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المشاركة بالشعور والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس

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والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس

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والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس

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والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس

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والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس

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والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس

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والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس

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والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس والemotional and social

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development ايش بقصد في ال social development يعني

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we should teach the child to communicate with

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other children طب ايش الهدف من ال communication

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with other children يعني to engage the child with

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other student طب ايش الهدف من ال engagement of the

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child with other student to prevent autismوهذا

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موضوع مهم كثير الآن وإيش تعريف الـ Autism؟ الـ

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Autism هو عبارة عن Psychiatric Disorder

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Characterized by Social Isolation يعني زي ما

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هشايفيه التعريف المبسط لل school health All

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activities that promote student physical emotional

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and social development

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نذهب الآن لمصطلح اسمه Coordinated School Health

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Program What's the Coordinated School Health

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Program؟ الـ Coordinated School Health Program

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اللي نقصد فيه الـ Coordinated School Health

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Program اللي involvement of family and community

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in all students activitiesيعني بكل النشاطات اللي

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بيكون فيها الطفل هذه أو احنا ك school health team

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اللي بنعمله لل child we should involve the family

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and community in all of the students activities

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وهذا بيسموه coordinated school health program يعني

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we should involve the family and community in all

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school health program طب ايش هم ال school health

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program ال school health program همالـ Health

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Education Program الـ Physical Education Program

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الـ Nutritional Services Program الـ Health

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Services الـ Psychological and Social Counseling

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الـ Health Promotion الـ Family and Community

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Involvement هدول كل الـ School Health Program لما

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أنا أقول Coordinated School Health Program يعني We

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should involve the family and community in all of

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the School Health Program أو in all students

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activities طيب

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المجال لل school health significant في ناس كتير

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بيسألوا يعني ليش احنا بندرس الصحة المدرسية؟ ايش

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اهميته ان احنا نتعرف على الصحة المدرسية؟ هل مهم

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نتعرف على الصحة المدرسية؟ ما هنقصد في الصحة

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المدرسية على الأطفال ال children هل مهم ان احنا

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نهتم بالأطفال نعلّيها الدرجة هذه ونتحدث عن موضوع

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ال school health و إيه الأخر الشغلات اللي لها

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علاقة بالأطفال نعم مهمة ليش؟ أول شيء الاطفال our

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future عشان هيك significant الاطفال our future

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الاطفال represent one third to one half of our

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population الاطفال they are the most common group

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forأو the most common risk group for disease هما

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والـ Elderly عشان هيك مهم ندرس ال children طب ليش

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كمان؟ لإن ال children spend most of their time at

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school يعني بجدوا ال children معظم واجدهم في ال

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school عشان هيك because of that they are at risk

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for health hazard عشان هيك مهم جدا اللي هو ندرس

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الصحة المدرسية و نتعرف على الصحة المدرسيةنجي الأن

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للـ Objectives of the School Health Program يعني

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باختصار، نحن لدينا ثلاثة Objectives أو ثلاثة هدف

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للـ School Health Program أول Objective من الـ

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School Health Program هو الانتجاب للمرض بسرعة

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ممكنة أول ميجر أطفال في الصف الأول في المدرسة

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الإبتدائيةطبعاً لما نجي نعمله Screening Test إيش

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الهدف منه؟ To identify the disease as early as

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possible فأول هدف من أهداف الـ School Health

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Program To identify the disease as early as

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possible طبعا إحنا عارفين it's good to prevent

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disease than to treat disease itself and it's good

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to treat disease than to treat complications of

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disease فأول هدف من الصحة المدرسية To identify the

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disease as early as possible among childrenإتنين

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الهدف التاني to control communicable disease

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transmission to control communicable disease

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transmission from school to home or from home to

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schoolوالتالت الهي الـ Objective to increase

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students awareness about healthy behavior يعني we

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should increase student awareness about healthy

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behavior يعني we should teach the student about

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changing unhealthy behavior to healthy behavior

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هدول ال main three objectives of the school health

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الأن نتكلم عن اللي هو ال basic componentof the

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school health program الـ Basic component of the

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school health program هم تلت أشياء طبعا هتكلم طويل

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على ال coordinated school health program حكينا

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أشياء كتير حكينا منها ال physical education وال

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health education و ال nutrition servicesو Social

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and Psychological Counsel و الـ Health Promotion

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إيه الأخرى؟ لكن يا حميد، كلمة بالقارة على الـ

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Basic Component أهم School Health Program هم تلاتة

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الـ School Health Services اتنين الـ Health

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Education تلاتة اللي هم الـ Healthful School ديأول

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واحد هنتكلم عنه اللي هو الـ School Health Services

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هذا الـ first component of the school health

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program إيش هي ال school health services؟ بتتكون

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من أربع أشياء هنتحدث عنها أول واحدة اللي هي

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comprehensive medical examination تاني واحدة هتكلم

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عنها ال screening test والتالتةالـ Health Record

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School والرابعة الـ Preventive Aspect نجي لأول

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واحدة ونتكلم عنها من ضمن الـ School Health

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Services الـ Comprehensive Medical Examination نجي

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زي ما حكينا على الـ Comprehensive Medical

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Examination هذا أول عنصر من عناصر الـ School

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Health Services يعني هنتكلم عن الـ Basic Component

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of School Health Program تمام؟ أول شيءفي الـ Basic

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component of the school health program اللي ال

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school health services تحتها بيجي أربع أشياء أول

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شغل ال comprehensive medical examination طبعا ال

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comprehensive medical examination done four times

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at primary school يعني في المدرسة الإبتدائية أو

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المرحلة الإبتدائية تحت الطفل بنعمل ال

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comprehensive medical examination أربع مرات the

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first time at primary school entered the second

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time at mid primary schoolschool period the third

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time at the preparatory school and the fourth time

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at the secondary school فبنعمل ال comprehensive

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medical examination four times during primary

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school وهذا الهدف منه زي ما حكينا to identify the

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disease as early as possible

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تمام نيجي لجزئية تانية اول واحدة ال comprehensive

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medical examination تاني واحدة ال screening test

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طبعا ال screening test done forللـ Child for

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growth and development for visual acuity for

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hearing acuity for dental examination for

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intelligent tests and some laboratory tests like

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urine analysis, stool analysis أو blood analysis

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يعني الجزء اللي اتكلمنا عنهم اللي اول واحدة

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comprehensive medical examination under school

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health services اتنين screening test تلاتة اللي هي

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health record schoolبالنسبة للـ Health Record

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School Each child should have a health file at

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school كل طفل لازم يكون له health file طب ليش مهم

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ال health file؟ مهم على الأقل نعرف ال personal

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data ال home address ال age ال gender ال family

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history تمام ال mother work ال father work كل

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أشياء ال personal data السكن تبع مكان السكن ال

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mobile numberتحتاج طبعاً والده أو أمه لازم نعرف

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الـ telephone number كل الأمور هذه الـ personal

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data لازم نعرفها تحت الطفل ومتكون موجودة بالـ

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health file بتاعة الطفل في المدرسة يعني أهم شيء

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بالـ health record school أنه each student should

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have a health file at school ال health file بحتوى

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على ال personal dataبحتوى ع ال result of medical

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examination طبعا قلنا ال medical examination done

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four times at school مش هيكم؟ الآن ال result of ال

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medical examination إيش لجينا؟ و هنعمل ال

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assessment للطفل from head to toe أو according to

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body system كل النتائج هي بتتلحق بال school health

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file ال immunization schedule اللي هو جدول

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التطبيقات التابعة اللي بياخده لازم يكون موجود في

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المدرسةإذا الطفل عنده History of Previous Disease،

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History of Surgery، History of Injury أو History

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of Hospitalization أو History of Infectious

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Disease لازم نعرف ويكون مسجل بالـ الـ Health File

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بتاع الطفل التسكينالرابع واحدة اللي هي الـ

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Preventive Aspect و الـ Preventive Aspect الـ

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Preventive Aspect الأولانية Prevention and control

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of communicable disease transmission from home to

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school and from school to home و ال Prevention of

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accident it's good to prevent accidentBut if

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accident occurs at least we should have a room for

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first aid يعني على الأقل إذا تكون في غرفة في

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المدرسة ممكن نقدر نعمل فيها إسعاف أولى و تكون فيها

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ال basic need للإسعاف أولى زي مثلا اللاجئ فيها

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بالغرفة اللي زي ال splint ال cotton الجوز الجوز

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bandage ال antiseptic solution ال elastic bandage

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IV solution ال cannula ممكن كمان يكون فيه قاعة

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school to move that child fromschool to the

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hospital هدولة الأربع شغلات اللي حكينا عنهم اللي

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هما ال school health services

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نذهب الآن للـ domain التاني للـ basic component of

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the school health program لأن أول domain كان ال

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school health services تاني domain اللي هو ال

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health education بالنسبة لل health education we

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should teach the student about a mode of

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transmission of disease from home to school and

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from school to home and also we should teach the

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students aboutالعامة الصحية لتغيير العامة الصحية

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لعامة الصحية هدول ال two things we should educate

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the student in health education health education

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about about the mode of transmission of disease

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from home to school and from school to home and

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the second one to change unhealthy behavior from

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unhealthy behavior to healthy behavior

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نذهب الآن للـ Third Domain Of The Basic Component

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Of The School Health Program اللي هو الـ Healthful

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School Day الـ Healthful School Day اللي هو اليوم

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الصحي المدرسي Not Include Only Education هو مش

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Education بس لازم يكون كله تعليمي But Also It

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Should Include Physical Education Emotional

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Climate And Food Services وهذه الأشياء بتنطق بين

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المحاضرات يعني بيكون فيه ترفيه ما بين المحاضرات

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يعني Not Only Include Education مش كله علميعني

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كيميا، فيزيا، عرب بالتاريخ، لأ لازم يكون بينه

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محاضرات، شغلات، ترفيهية هذا المقصود فيه الـ Health

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Philosophy اللي هي not only include education but

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include اللي هي physical education emotional

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climate and food services between the classes

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نذهب الآن للـ «Hazard of unhealthy school

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environment» هل في مشاكل ممكن تصييل للأطفال إذا

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كان أو مخاطر تصييل للأطفال من الـ «unhealthy

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school environment»؟ ممكن، يعني على سبيل المثال لـ

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«crowded» في الصف، لو كان في «crowded» في الصف بين

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الأطفال، هذا بيعمل «easy for communicable disease

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transmission» لو كان فيها إن «inadequate light»،

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عدم كفاية الإضاءة، ممكن يعمل «visual impairment»

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ممكن لو كان فيه هنا inconvenience disk ممكن يعمل

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low back pain ممكن لو كان فيه هنا decrease

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ventilation يعمل lack of achievement فهذه المخاطر

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تاعة الـ unhealthy school environment فلازم ال

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school environment تكون دائماً healthy نجي الآن لل

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school health problems أكتر school health problems

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بيصير بين الأطفال في المدارس اللي هو معروفين يا

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إما deficiency diseasesيا إما infectious disease

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يا إما parasitic disease يعني يا إما deficiency

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disease يا infectious disease يا إما parasitic

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disease زي إيش ال deficiency disease يعني mainly

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ال children they have deficiency disease زي إيش زي

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ال iron زي ال iron deficiency anemia

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protein deficiency, dental caries, vitamin A

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deficiency and rickets طبعا هذه الأشياء أو الـ

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main deficiency disease of care among children at

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school stage أو at school period يمكن هيك تبلي

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predisposing factors يعني إيش العوامل بتساعد على

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ال deficiency disease؟ في عوامل كتيرة لكن خليني

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أقول أكتر عوامل في خطاعة غزة ممكن تؤدي لل

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deficiency diseases هي شغل تاني يا إماالـ Low

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-Income والتانية Malnutrition، يا Low-Income يا

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Mal-Innutrition والتانيتين اللي معلاقة بعض، وهدول

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من ال mainly predisposing factor للـ Deficiency

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Disease صحيح، المكتوب Inadequate Nutrition Low

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-Income، المكتوب Nutritional Ignorance، بس مظننيش

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عنها حسب البيئة بتاعتناوالسلوك تبعنا إنه ماظنّيش

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في عيننا nutritional ignorance لكن أكتر شغلات

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predisposing factor أو risk factor لـ deficiency

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disease اللي هي الـ malnutrition and low income

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تمام،

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هذا بالنسبة لـ deficiency disease واتكلمنا على الـ

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main two risk factors of deficiency disease اللي

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قلنا عنهم malnutrition وقلنا عنهم low income لكن

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المهم الآنhow to prevent deficiency disease to

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prevent deficiency disease في الحقيقة في program

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معمول في أوروبا وهذا ال program بيسموه ال school

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feeding program وهذا ال school feeding program

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جربنا احنا نعمله في عام على ما اعتقد في عام 2010

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-2012 لكن ما استمرش او مانجحش لكن هذا ال school

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feeding program فعلا جيد بالنسبة للـ deficiency

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عشان ما نقولش السبب أو الـ risk factor للـ

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deficiency disease اللي هو malnutrition أو

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nutritional ignorance أو low income ممكن نعمل ..

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هم بيعملوا برا ال school feeding program أيش عن ال

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school feeding program؟ يعني they offer one meal

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for children daily and this meal should include

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هذه الميل اللي بيعطوها للأطفال لازم تحتوي على

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vitamin A وB وC وD Eليش طبعا Vitamin A؟ Vitamin A

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to prevent visual problem Vitamin B to provide

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energy to the children زي ما حشفينها Vitamin C to

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maintain healthy tissue Vitamin D to help building

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bone Vitamin E to maintain healthy skin يعني

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بيستخدموا ال program اللي هو school feeding

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programوهذا البرنامج يحتوي على خمس فيتامين فيتامين

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A,B,C,D,E لكي تمنع المخاطر الطبية

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نجي الآن لل infectious disease طبعا هنا في خطأ

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بالكتابة infectious disease طبعا هذه تاني اللي هو

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school health problems اول واحد deficiency

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diseases تاني واحد infectious disease تالت واحد

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parasitic disease ال infectious disease و ال

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parasitic disease كمان الصحيح يعني ال main causes

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او ال main two things that cause infectious

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disease and parasitic disease هم شغلتانيا إما الـ

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Unhealthy School Environment زي الـ Contaminated

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Water و Contaminated Food يا إما الـ Unhealthy

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Behavior Among Children وفعلا هدوئي الشغلتين

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الاتنين هم اللي بيعملوا Infectious Disease أكتر

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شغلة و Parasitic Disease طب How To Prevent

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Infectious Disease و Parasitic Disease أول شغلة

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عكس الـ Causes اللي هي Provide Safe Food و Provide

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Safe Drink و Health Education To The Children

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Aboutit's changing unhealthy behavior to healthy

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behavior طبعا

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هنا في بعض ال studies أنا جبتها فيها عملها ناس

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تانين وفيها أنا عملت بعض الدراسات اللي اللي علاقة

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بال school health يعني ناس كتير زي ما حكينا بتسأل

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إيش أهمية ال school health program يعني هاي بعض

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هاي مثال أول مثال على study معمولة على أهمية ال

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school health programوهذه الاستدارة معمولة في

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Onorawa في الوكالة كانت معمولة على Screening Study

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of New Entrant Medical Examination among Onorawa

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School في عام 2006 و 2007 دخل حوالي 49 ألف طالب

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جديد مدارس الوكالة منهم 24 ألف girls و منهم 23 ألف

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boys شوفوا ال screening test اللي انعمل إيش طلع

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معناه طلع النتائج هذه حسب وكالة الغوث يعنيدينتال

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كاريز 47% عند الأطفال جينجيفايتس

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3.8% 96% student with fluorosis

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reported in 17 children ففعلًا هذا المهم إنه نعمل

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screening test for the children لأول ما يخشوا

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المدارس اللي قلنا بنعمل screening test أربع مرات

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خلال المرحلة الإبتدائية مرتين في المرحلة

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الإبتدائية ومرة في المرحلة الإعدادية ومرة في

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المرحلة الثانوية يعني أربع مرات بنعمل خلال فترة

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الدراسة مرتين في المدرسة الإبتدائية مرة في

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الإعدادية ومرة في الثانوية وهذا أهمية ال screening

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تست اللي بنعمل في دراسة تانية في دراسة تانية عاملة

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اللي علاقة بالـ School Health اللي هي يمكن

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هنا مش محتوطة لكن

336
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هي موجودة هنا اللي هي الـ Prevalence and Risk

337
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Factors for Skin Disease among Primary School

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Children in Gaza Strip يعني هذه الدراسة اللي عملت

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عشان الأمان العلمية الطالب اللي عملها اسمه رقفت

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نعيم 2006 في جامعة قدس أبوديس كان الدكتور يحيابد

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مشرف على هذه الرسالة وكنت أنا مناقش خارجي للرسالة

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طبعا لو شوفنا أيش النتائج بتاعة ال prevalence and

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risk factorof for skin disease among primary

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school children طبعاً طلع ال prevalence of skin

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disease among children ال male 55% وطلعت بين

346
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female 42% اللي هي ال prevalence of skin disease

347
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يعني نسبة عالية جدا بالنسبة لبتريسز ألبى هي بتريسز

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ألبى البتريسز ألبى هي عبارة عن skin disease

349
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characterized by round pale macule in the face

350
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الطبع الدائرية الموجودة على الوجه الكاتر بترسس

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الفعالي 23.5% هي نسبة عالية كتير وكان الـ

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Pediculosis بالأطفال تعون المدارس 9.5% عشان هيك ال

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school health important and significant هذه

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الدراسات بتوضح أهمية ال school health program في

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دراسات أخرىدراسة تانية ان عملت على ال school among

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children اللي هي relationship between anime and

357
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school performance هذا ال performance ممكن بس مش

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مكمل الكلمة performance among school children in

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Gaza Strip وهذه الدراسة اللي عملها محمود دار في

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عام 2002 شوف إيش النتائج اللي طلعت طلعت ال result

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showed that the school performance was low among

362
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anime studentsin comparison with non-anemic

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students عشان نعرف كيف الـ deficiency disease إيه

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علاقة بالـ achievement and performance في دراسة

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أخرى عملت على الـ dental fluorosis and associated

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risk factors among Palestinian children عشان نعرف

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إيش أهمية ال school health program among children

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aged 12 to 18 years in Gaza Stripطبعا هذه الدراسة

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عملت عن طريق طالب اسمه لميس أبو حلوب سنة 2004 طبعا

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النتائج the result showed that the dental

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fluorosis among children is 78% كانت نسبة ال

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fluorosis 78% among children يعني نسبة عالية أنا

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هذه الدراسات جبتها عشان أوضحكم إيش أهمية ال school

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health programليش why we are studying school

375
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health عشان نعرف إيش علاقة deficiency disease مع

376
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ال school performance أو ال school achievement

377
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أشكركم على حسن استماعكم وإن شاء الله نلتقي في

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المحاضرة القادمة بإذن الله