Datasets:

chujiezheng

/

wizard_of_wikipedia

like 2

[ "Beard\nI really like beards, do you?", "I do, yes, but it's not very big. I think beards have a lot to do with genetics, and mine won't look the greatest.", "Yes, I am a 37 year old male. My dad nor my brother could grow a great beard as well.", "That's true. Beards do look nice though, there's so many different styles and depending on the person, they can fit their appearance well!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beard __knowledge__ A beard is the collection of hair that grows on the chin and cheeks of humans and some animals.", "Beard __knowledge__ In humans, usually only pubescent or adult males are able to grow beards.", "Beard __knowledge__ From an evolutionary viewpoint the beard is a part of the broader category of androgenic hair.", "Beard __knowledge__ It is a vestigial trait from a time when humans had hair on their face and entire body like the hair on gorillas.", "Beard __knowledge__ The evolutionary loss of hair is pronounced in some populations such as indigenous Americans and some east Asian populations, who have less facial hair, whereas people of European or South Asian ancestry and the Ainu have more facial hair.", "Beard __knowledge__ Societal attitudes toward male beards have varied widely depending on factors such as prevailing cultural-religious traditions and the current era's fashion trends.", "Beard __knowledge__ Some religions (such as Sikhism) have considered a full beard to be essential for all males able to grow one, and mandate it as part of their official dogma.", "Beard __knowledge__ Other cultures, even while not officially mandating it, view a beard as central to a man's virility, exemplifying such virtues as wisdom, strength, sexual prowess and high social status.", "Beard __knowledge__ However, in cultures where facial hair is uncommon (or currently out of fashion), beards may be associated with poor hygiene or a \"savage\", uncivilized, or even dangerous demeanor.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ Facial hair in the military has been at various times common, prohibited, or an integral part of the uniform.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ In the armed forces (and police) of India, Sikhs are allowed to wear full beards as their religion expressly requires followers to do so.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ However, they are specifically required to \"dress up their hair and beard properly\".", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ In fact, in Sikh-only units there are instances of personnel transferred out by the unit Commander for their refusal to wear beard and hair as required by Sikh religion, although no official regulation exists on this.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ Non-Sikh personnel are allowed to grow whiskers and moustaches, with the only regulation being that \"will be of moderate length\".", "Pogonophobia __knowledge__ Pogonophobia is the fear of beards.", "Pogonophobia __knowledge__ The term \"pogonophobia\" is derived from the Greek words \"pogon\" (πώγων) for beard and \"phobos\" (φόβος) for fear.", "Pogonophobia __knowledge__ Its antonym would be \"pogonophilia\", that is the love of beards or bearded persons.", "Pogonophobia __knowledge__ David Smith's 1851 publication of \"The Covenanter\" of the Reformed Presbyterian Church describes the Jesuits of Baden as suffering \"a veritable pogonophobia at the sight of a democratic chin.\"", "Pogonophobia __knowledge__ The term is generally meant to be taken in a jocular vein.", "Pogonophobia __knowledge__ In the 1920s, psychologist John B. Watson was able to condition this fear in a young boy by means of classical conditioning methods.", "Religious symbolism in the United States military __knowledge__ Religious symbolism in the United States military includes the use of religious symbols for military chaplain insignia, uniforms, emblems, flags, and chapels; symbolic gestures, actions, and words used in military rituals and ceremonies; and religious symbols or designations used in areas such as headstones and markers in national cemeteries, and military ID tags (\"dog tags\").", "Religious symbolism in the United States military __knowledge__ Symbolism sometimes includes specific images included or excluded because of religious reasons, choices involving colors with religious significance, and \"religious accommodation\" policies regarding the wear of \"religious apparel\" and \"grooming\" (such as \"unshorn\" hair and beards worn for religious reasons) with military uniforms.", "Lombards __knowledge__ The Lombards or Longobards (, , ) were a Germanic people who ruled most of the Italian Peninsula from 568 to 774.", "Lombards __knowledge__ The Lombard historian Paul the Deacon wrote in the \"Historia Langobardorum\" that the Lombards descended from a small tribe called the \"Winnili\", who dwelt in southern Scandinavia (\"Scadanan\") before migrating to seek new lands.", "Lombards __knowledge__ In the 1st century AD, they formed part of the Suebi, in northwestern Germany.", "Lombards __knowledge__ By the end of the 5th century, they had moved into the area roughly coinciding with modern Austria and Slovakia north of the Danube river, where they subdued the Heruls and later fought frequent wars with the Gepids.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ \"I Really Like You\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Carly Rae Jepsen for her third studio album, \"Emotion\" (2015).", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ It was written by Jepsen, Jacob Kasher Hindlin, Peter Svensson, Steve DaMar, and produced by Svensson.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ The song was released as the album's lead single on 2 March 2015.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ \"I Really Like You\" peaked at number fourteen on the Canadian Hot 100.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ Internationally, the song peaked within the top ten of the charts in Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Japan, the Republic of Ireland, South Africa and the United Kingdom, while peaking within the top twenty of the charts in Austria, Germany, Slovakia, and Switzerland.", "List of School Rumble characters __knowledge__ The \"School Rumble\" manga and anime series features a cast of characters designed by Jin Kobayashi.", "List of School Rumble characters __knowledge__ The story takes place mostly in a Japanese high school and revolves around various love triangles and polygons.", "List of School Rumble characters __knowledge__ The manga series is followed by a short parallel world story, \"School Rumble Z\".", "List of School Rumble characters __knowledge__ The manga alternates between several main protagonists.", "List of School Rumble characters __knowledge__ In the main storyline chapters the main protagonists are Tenma Tsukamoto and Kenji Harima.", "List of School Rumble characters __knowledge__ The side chapters focus on many of the side characters from the main chapters with most of them focusing on Yakumo Tsukamoto.", "List of School Rumble characters __knowledge__ While many of the chapters are gag stories, the central theme of \"School Rumble\" is relationships, mostly because of love, and as the series progresses, characters are introduced and situations are misinterpreted, the relationship web becomes more complex." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beard __knowledge__ A beard is the collection of hair that grows on the chin and cheeks of humans and some animals.", "Beard __knowledge__ In humans, usually only pubescent or adult males are able to grow beards.", "Beard __knowledge__ From an evolutionary viewpoint the beard is a part of the broader category of androgenic hair.", "Beard __knowledge__ It is a vestigial trait from a time when humans had hair on their face and entire body like the hair on gorillas.", "Beard __knowledge__ The evolutionary loss of hair is pronounced in some populations such as indigenous Americans and some east Asian populations, who have less facial hair, whereas people of European or South Asian ancestry and the Ainu have more facial hair.", "Beard __knowledge__ Societal attitudes toward male beards have varied widely depending on factors such as prevailing cultural-religious traditions and the current era's fashion trends.", "Beard __knowledge__ Some religions (such as Sikhism) have considered a full beard to be essential for all males able to grow one, and mandate it as part of their official dogma.", "Beard __knowledge__ Other cultures, even while not officially mandating it, view a beard as central to a man's virility, exemplifying such virtues as wisdom, strength, sexual prowess and high social status.", "Beard __knowledge__ However, in cultures where facial hair is uncommon (or currently out of fashion), beards may be associated with poor hygiene or a \"savage\", uncivilized, or even dangerous demeanor.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ Facial hair in the military has been at various times common, prohibited, or an integral part of the uniform.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ In the armed forces (and police) of India, Sikhs are allowed to wear full beards as their religion expressly requires followers to do so.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ However, they are specifically required to \"dress up their hair and beard properly\".", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ In fact, in Sikh-only units there are instances of personnel transferred out by the unit Commander for their refusal to wear beard and hair as required by Sikh religion, although no official regulation exists on this.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ Non-Sikh personnel are allowed to grow whiskers and moustaches, with the only regulation being that \"will be of moderate length\".", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Religious symbolism in the United States military __knowledge__ Religious symbolism in the United States military includes the use of religious symbols for military chaplain insignia, uniforms, emblems, flags, and chapels; symbolic gestures, actions, and words used in military rituals and ceremonies; and religious symbols or designations used in areas such as headstones and markers in national cemeteries, and military ID tags (\"dog tags\").", "Religious symbolism in the United States military __knowledge__ Symbolism sometimes includes specific images included or excluded because of religious reasons, choices involving colors with religious significance, and \"religious accommodation\" policies regarding the wear of \"religious apparel\" and \"grooming\" (such as \"unshorn\" hair and beards worn for religious reasons) with military uniforms.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "Modern liberalism in the United States __knowledge__ Modern American liberalism is the dominant version of liberalism in the United States.", "Modern liberalism in the United States __knowledge__ It is characterized by social liberalism, and combines ideas of civil liberty and equality with support for social justice and a mixed economy.", "Modern liberalism in the United States __knowledge__ This form of liberalism took shape in Twentieth Century America, as the franchise and other civil rights were extended to a larger class of citizens.", "Modern liberalism in the United States __knowledge__ Major examples include Theodore Roosevelt's New Nationalism, Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom, Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, Harry S. Truman's Fair Deal, John F. Kennedy's New Frontier, and Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society.", "Shaving __knowledge__ Shaving is the removal of hair, by using a razor or any other kind of bladed implement, to slice it down—to the level of the skin or otherwise.", "Shaving __knowledge__ Shaving is most commonly practiced by men to remove their facial hair and by women to remove their leg and underarm hair.", "Shaving __knowledge__ A man is called \"clean-shaven\" if he has had his beard entirely removed.", "Shaving __knowledge__ Both men and women sometimes shave their chest hair, abdominal hair, leg hair, underarm hair, pubic hair, or any other body hair.", "Shaving __knowledge__ Head shaving is much more common among men.", "Shaving __knowledge__ It is often associated with religious practice, the armed forces and some competitive sports such as swimming, running and extreme sports.", "Body hair __knowledge__ Body hair, or androgenic hair, is the terminal hair that develops on the human body during and after puberty.", "Body hair __knowledge__ It is differentiated from the head hair and less visible vellus hair, which are much finer and lighter in color.", "Body hair __knowledge__ The growth of androgenic hair is related to the level of androgens (often referred to as male hormones; due to the production levels in males being higher on average, but it is actually present in both sexes, and therefore is a unisex hormone) in the individual.", "Body hair __knowledge__ From childhood onward, regardless of sex, vellus hair covers almost the entire area of the human body.", "Body hair __knowledge__ Exceptions include the lips; the backs of the ears; the palms of hands; the soles of the feet; certain external genital areas; the navel; and scar tissue.", "Dutch rabbit __knowledge__ The Dutch rabbit, also known as Hollander or Brabander is easily identifiable by its characteristic colour pattern, was once the most popular of all rabbit breeds.", "Dutch rabbit __knowledge__ However, after dwarf rabbits were developed, the popularity of the Dutch rabbit dwindled.", "Dutch rabbit __knowledge__ Nevertheless, the Dutch rabbit remains one of the top ten most popular breeds worldwide.", "Dutch rabbit __knowledge__ \"Although the name suggests that the Dutch rabbit is from the Netherlands, it was actually developed in England.", "Dutch rabbit __knowledge__ During the 1830s rabbits were imported to England from Ostend in Belgium every week for the meat market.", "Dutch rabbit __knowledge__ Amongst these rabbits was a breed known as the Petit Brabançon, as it originated from Brabant in Flanders.", "Olmec colossal heads __knowledge__ The Olmec colossal heads are at least seventeen monumental stone representations of human heads sculpted from large basalt boulders.", "Olmec colossal heads __knowledge__ The heads date from at least before 900 BC and are a distinctive feature of the Olmec civilization of ancient Mesoamerica.", "Olmec colossal heads __knowledge__ All portray mature individuals with fleshy cheeks, flat noses, and slightly crossed eyes; their physical characteristics correspond to a type that is still common among the inhabitants of Tabasco and Veracruz.", "Olmec colossal heads __knowledge__ The backs of the monuments often are flat.", "Olmec colossal heads __knowledge__ The boulders were brought from the Sierra de los Tuxtlas mountains of Veracruz.", "Olmec colossal heads __knowledge__ Given that the extremely large slabs of stone used in their production were transported over large distances, requiring a great deal of human effort and resources, it is thought that the monuments represent portraits of powerful individual Olmec rulers.", "Khai Kam __knowledge__ Khai Kam (1864–15 September 1919) was a Chin leader who fought the British forces when they invaded Chin Hills/Chin State in the late 19th century.", "Khai Kam __knowledge__ Two years after the British had conquered the Chin Hills, he led a rebellion to overthrow the British administration from Chin Hills.", "Khai Kam __knowledge__ Unsuccessful in his rebellion, Khai Kam was sentenced to life imprisonment on the Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean.", "Khai Kam __knowledge__ He was released in 1910 and returned to the Chin Hills.", "Khai Kam __knowledge__ Khai Kam was the son of Sizang chief Pu Khup Pau and Pi Cing Niang.", "Khai Kam __knowledge__ He was born in 1864 at Khuasak, Tedim Township.", "Khai Kam __knowledge__ The Kingdom of Burma fell under the British rule in 1885 and Kale-Kabaw valley, bordering the Chin Hills became the British territory.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ This is a list of aliens on Cartoon Network's \"Ben 10 franchise\".", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Voiced by: Heatblast is a Pyronite from the star Pyros.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ He appears as a magma-based lifeform whose body is composed of a bright inner magma body covered by a reddish-brown charcoal-like crust.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is essentially \"living magma\", thus everything he touches either melts or catches fire.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ In the original series, he is the tenth alien in the Omnitrix.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is Ben's first transformation, accidentally activated and started a wildfire in the pilot episode of the original series, \"And Then There Were 10\" when Ben was trying to remove the Omnitrix immediately after it first attached to him." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beard __knowledge__ A beard is the collection of hair that grows on the chin and cheeks of humans and some animals.", "Beard __knowledge__ In humans, usually only pubescent or adult males are able to grow beards.", "Beard __knowledge__ From an evolutionary viewpoint the beard is a part of the broader category of androgenic hair.", "Beard __knowledge__ It is a vestigial trait from a time when humans had hair on their face and entire body like the hair on gorillas.", "Beard __knowledge__ The evolutionary loss of hair is pronounced in some populations such as indigenous Americans and some east Asian populations, who have less facial hair, whereas people of European or South Asian ancestry and the Ainu have more facial hair.", "Beard __knowledge__ Societal attitudes toward male beards have varied widely depending on factors such as prevailing cultural-religious traditions and the current era's fashion trends.", "Beard __knowledge__ Some religions (such as Sikhism) have considered a full beard to be essential for all males able to grow one, and mandate it as part of their official dogma.", "Beard __knowledge__ Other cultures, even while not officially mandating it, view a beard as central to a man's virility, exemplifying such virtues as wisdom, strength, sexual prowess and high social status.", "Beard __knowledge__ However, in cultures where facial hair is uncommon (or currently out of fashion), beards may be associated with poor hygiene or a \"savage\", uncivilized, or even dangerous demeanor.", "Systems of social stratification __knowledge__ Detailed anthropological and sociological studies have been made about customs of patrilineal inheritance, where only male children can inherit.", "Systems of social stratification __knowledge__ Some cultures also employ matrilineal succession, where property can only pass along the female line, most commonly going to the sister's sons of the decedent; but also, in some societies, from the mother to her daughters.", "Systems of social stratification __knowledge__ Some ancient societies and most modern states employ egalitarian inheritance, without discrimination based on gender and/or birth order.", "Systems of social stratification __knowledge__ The system of patrilineal primogeniture traditionally prevalent among most southern Bantu tribes is explained in detail by Isabel Moodley: \"Due to the polygynous nature of the customary marriage, African customary law distinguishes between \"family rank\" and \"house rank\".", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ Facial hair in the military has been at various times common, prohibited, or an integral part of the uniform.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ In the armed forces (and police) of India, Sikhs are allowed to wear full beards as their religion expressly requires followers to do so.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ However, they are specifically required to \"dress up their hair and beard properly\".", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ In fact, in Sikh-only units there are instances of personnel transferred out by the unit Commander for their refusal to wear beard and hair as required by Sikh religion, although no official regulation exists on this.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ Non-Sikh personnel are allowed to grow whiskers and moustaches, with the only regulation being that \"will be of moderate length\".", "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in Jeff Kinney's book series \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" as well as the film versions of the first, , and book.", "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters __knowledge__ \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" is a series of graphic novels written by American author and cartoonist Jeff Kinney.", "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters __knowledge__ The books are written as the journals of the main character named Greg Heffley.", "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters __knowledge__ \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" is also a series of films based on the books.", "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters __knowledge__ Jeff Kinney was an executive producer.", "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters __knowledge__ Like the books, the movies are the journals of Greg Heffley, played by Zachary Gordon in \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\", \"\", and \"\", and Jason Drucker in \"\".", "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters __knowledge__ Gregory \"Greg\" Heffley is 12 years old in the first novel.", "Dear Zoe __knowledge__ Dear Zoe is an epistolary, young-adult novel by the American writer Philip Beard.", "Dear Zoe __knowledge__ which was first published in 2004.", "Dear Zoe __knowledge__ The narrator is fifteen-year-old Tess DeNunzio, who writes to her younger sister Zoe about her experiences after Zoe died.", "Dear Zoe __knowledge__ The novel is set in 2002 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and follows Tess’s first year of high school.", "Dear Zoe __knowledge__ \"Dear Zoe\" tells the story of 15-year-old Tess DeNunzio, who is wracked by guilt after losing her half-sister in a hit-and-run accident on the day of the September 11 attacks.", "Dear Zoe __knowledge__ The novel was selected by \"Booklist\", a magazine of the American Library Association, as one of the ten best first novels of 2005.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Auckland Zoo __knowledge__ Auckland Zoo is a zoological garden in Auckland, New Zealand, situated next to Western Springs park not far from Auckland's central business district.", "Auckland Zoo __knowledge__ It is run by the Auckland Council with the Auckland Zoological Society as a supporting organisation.", "Auckland Zoo __knowledge__ Auckland Zoo opened in 1922 experiencing early difficulties mainly due to animal health issues.", "Auckland Zoo __knowledge__ By 1930 a sizeable collection of animals had been assembled and a zoological society formed.", "Auckland Zoo __knowledge__ The zoo consolidated during the Second World War and was at that time under the leadership of Lt. Col. Sawer.", "Auckland Zoo __knowledge__ After the war the collection was expanded, and in the 1950s chimpanzees were acquired to provide tea parties for the public's entertainment, but this practice ceased in 1964.", "Alexey Sorokin (fashion designer) __knowledge__ Alexey Sorokin (born 29 November 1983) is a fashion designer of womenswear label Homo Consommatus.", "Alexey Sorokin (fashion designer) __knowledge__ In 2008, the Saint Petersburg State Academy of Art and Design housed the designer's final graduation collection.", "Alexey Sorokin (fashion designer) __knowledge__ Its main idea was consumerism and the 'wrapping of a person' as means of identification and self-defense.", "Alexey Sorokin (fashion designer) __knowledge__ Two years after the graduation Sorokin set up luxury womenswear label Homo Consommatus, which is Latin for \"consuming person\".", "Alexey Sorokin (fashion designer) __knowledge__ In October 2011, the Homo Consommatus womenswear Spring/Summer 2012 collection debuted at Aurora Fashion Week Russia supported by LMA Presents - local project for emerging designers.", "Skudai __knowledge__ Skudai (also spelled Sekudai or Seekor Kuda) is an area in Iskandar Puteri, Johor Bahru District, Johor, Malaysia.", "Skudai __knowledge__ Skudai is part of the new growth corridor of southwest Johor.", "Skudai __knowledge__ Its population ranges between 160,000 and 210,000.", "Skudai __knowledge__ It is the headquarters of the Johor Bahru Tengah Municipal Council and it is home to the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia campus.", "Skudai __knowledge__ Skudai is located 8 km, 4 km and 16 km from Kulai, Senai and Johor Bahru city (Bandaraya) respectively.", "Skudai __knowledge__ Mas Selamat bin Kastari of the Jemaah Islamiah terrorist organisation was a most wanted fugitive who escaped from Singapore police custody.", "Skudai __knowledge__ He was recaptured in the vicinity of Skudai in April 2009.. For the 2013-2018 term, the Dewan Rakyat parliamentary constituency of Gelang Patah (P162) is represented by Lim Kit Siang Democratic Action Party (DAP) while the Johor State Assembly seat of Skudai is represented by Boo Cheng Hau from the Democratic Action Party (DAP), who is also the former of the Johor State legislative assembly opposition leaders.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence () is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood (age of majority).", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence is usually associated with the teenage years, but its physical, psychological or cultural expressions may begin earlier and end later.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ For example, puberty now typically begins during preadolescence, particularly in females.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Physical growth (particularly in males), and cognitive development can extend into the early twenties.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Thus age provides only a rough marker of adolescence, and scholars have found it difficult to agree upon a precise definition of adolescence.", "Gelang Patah (federal constituency) __knowledge__ Gelang Patah is a federal constituency in Johor, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1995.", "Gelang Patah (federal constituency) __knowledge__ The federal constituency was created in the 1994 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.", "Gelang Patah (federal constituency) __knowledge__ 2004–2016: The constituency contains the polling districts of Taman Jaya, Sri Skudai, Bandar Skudai Barat, Bandar Skudai Tengah, Bandar Skudai Timor, Hang Tuah, Laksamana TUTA, Nakhoda TUTA, Flat Perkasa 'A' TUTA, Taman Damai Jaya, Desa Skudai, Hang Jebat, Perwira TUTA, Hulubalang TUTA, Skudai Utara, Flat Perkasa 'B' TUTA, Ulu Choh, Bandar Ulu Choh, Pulai, Kangkar Pulai, Pertanian, Sri Pulai, Kebangsaan, Lima Kedai, Gelang Patah Utara, Kampong Pulai, Sungai Melayu, Tebing Runtoh, Kampong Pendas, Gelang Patah Selatan, Tiram Duku, Tanjong Kupang, Kampong Pok Besar, Tanjong Adang, Penyiaran, Kemuliaan, Teratai, Perubatan.", "Religious symbolism in the United States military __knowledge__ Religious symbolism in the United States military includes the use of religious symbols for military chaplain insignia, uniforms, emblems, flags, and chapels; symbolic gestures, actions, and words used in military rituals and ceremonies; and religious symbols or designations used in areas such as headstones and markers in national cemeteries, and military ID tags (\"dog tags\").", "Religious symbolism in the United States military __knowledge__ Symbolism sometimes includes specific images included or excluded because of religious reasons, choices involving colors with religious significance, and \"religious accommodation\" policies regarding the wear of \"religious apparel\" and \"grooming\" (such as \"unshorn\" hair and beards worn for religious reasons) with military uniforms." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beard __knowledge__ A beard is the collection of hair that grows on the chin and cheeks of humans and some animals.", "Beard __knowledge__ In humans, usually only pubescent or adult males are able to grow beards.", "Beard __knowledge__ From an evolutionary viewpoint the beard is a part of the broader category of androgenic hair.", "Beard __knowledge__ It is a vestigial trait from a time when humans had hair on their face and entire body like the hair on gorillas.", "Beard __knowledge__ The evolutionary loss of hair is pronounced in some populations such as indigenous Americans and some east Asian populations, who have less facial hair, whereas people of European or South Asian ancestry and the Ainu have more facial hair.", "Beard __knowledge__ Societal attitudes toward male beards have varied widely depending on factors such as prevailing cultural-religious traditions and the current era's fashion trends.", "Beard __knowledge__ Some religions (such as Sikhism) have considered a full beard to be essential for all males able to grow one, and mandate it as part of their official dogma.", "Beard __knowledge__ Other cultures, even while not officially mandating it, view a beard as central to a man's virility, exemplifying such virtues as wisdom, strength, sexual prowess and high social status.", "Beard __knowledge__ However, in cultures where facial hair is uncommon (or currently out of fashion), beards may be associated with poor hygiene or a \"savage\", uncivilized, or even dangerous demeanor.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ Facial hair in the military has been at various times common, prohibited, or an integral part of the uniform.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ In the armed forces (and police) of India, Sikhs are allowed to wear full beards as their religion expressly requires followers to do so.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ However, they are specifically required to \"dress up their hair and beard properly\".", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ In fact, in Sikh-only units there are instances of personnel transferred out by the unit Commander for their refusal to wear beard and hair as required by Sikh religion, although no official regulation exists on this.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ Non-Sikh personnel are allowed to grow whiskers and moustaches, with the only regulation being that \"will be of moderate length\".", "Religious symbolism in the United States military __knowledge__ Religious symbolism in the United States military includes the use of religious symbols for military chaplain insignia, uniforms, emblems, flags, and chapels; symbolic gestures, actions, and words used in military rituals and ceremonies; and religious symbols or designations used in areas such as headstones and markers in national cemeteries, and military ID tags (\"dog tags\").", "Religious symbolism in the United States military __knowledge__ Symbolism sometimes includes specific images included or excluded because of religious reasons, choices involving colors with religious significance, and \"religious accommodation\" policies regarding the wear of \"religious apparel\" and \"grooming\" (such as \"unshorn\" hair and beards worn for religious reasons) with military uniforms.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Art Deco __knowledge__ Art Deco, sometimes referred to as Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture and design that first appeared in France just before World War I.", "Art Deco __knowledge__ Art Deco influenced the design of buildings, furniture, jewelry, fashion, cars, movie theatres, trains, ocean liners, and everyday objects such as radios and vacuum cleaners.", "Art Deco __knowledge__ It took its name, short for \"Arts Décoratifs\", from the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes (International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts) held in Paris in 1925.", "Art Deco __knowledge__ It combined modernist styles with fine craftsmanship and rich materials.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian Church, with over 250 million members.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history and culture of Eastern Europe, Greece (including Anatolia), the Caucasus, and the Near East.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ A communion of autocephalous churches (″jurisdictions″, or national churches), each typically governed by its own Holy Synod, its bishops are equal by virtue of ordination, with doctrines summarised in the Nicene Creed.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ The Church has no central doctrinal or governance authority analogous to the Roman Catholic Church's pope; however, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is recognised by all as primus inter pares of the bishops, and the Church of Constantinople, since the Great Schism of 1054, enjoys precedence and certain prerogatives.", "Clothing in India __knowledge__ Clothing in India varies depending on the different ethnicity, geography, climate and cultural traditions of the people of each region of India.", "Clothing in India __knowledge__ Historically, male and female clothing has evolved from simple \"Langotas\", and loincloths to cover the body to elaborate costumes not only used in daily wear but also on festive occasions as well as rituals and dance performances.", "Clothing in India __knowledge__ In urban areas, western clothing is common and uniformly worn by people of all social levels.", "Clothing in India __knowledge__ India also has a great diversity in terms of weaves, fibers, colours and material of clothing.", "Clothing in India __knowledge__ Colour codes are followed in clothing based on the religion and ritual concerned.", "Body hair __knowledge__ Body hair, or androgenic hair, is the terminal hair that develops on the human body during and after puberty.", "Body hair __knowledge__ It is differentiated from the head hair and less visible vellus hair, which are much finer and lighter in color.", "Body hair __knowledge__ The growth of androgenic hair is related to the level of androgens (often referred to as male hormones; due to the production levels in males being higher on average, but it is actually present in both sexes, and therefore is a unisex hormone) in the individual.", "Body hair __knowledge__ From childhood onward, regardless of sex, vellus hair covers almost the entire area of the human body.", "Body hair __knowledge__ Exceptions include the lips; the backs of the ears; the palms of hands; the soles of the feet; certain external genital areas; the navel; and scar tissue.", "Evolutionary psychology __knowledge__ Evolutionary psychology is a theoretical approach in the social and natural sciences that examines psychological structure from a modern evolutionary perspective.", "Evolutionary psychology __knowledge__ It seeks to identify which human psychological traits are evolved adaptations – that is, the functional products of natural selection or sexual selection in human evolution.", "Evolutionary psychology __knowledge__ Adaptationist thinking about physiological mechanisms, such as the heart, lungs, and immune system, is common in evolutionary biology.", "Evolutionary psychology __knowledge__ Some evolutionary psychologists apply the same thinking to psychology, arguing that the modularity of mind is similar to that of the body and with different modular adaptations serving different functions.", "Puberty __knowledge__ Puberty is the process of physical changes through which a child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction.", "Puberty __knowledge__ It is initiated by hormonal signals from the brain to the gonads: the ovaries in a girl, the testes in a boy.", "Puberty __knowledge__ In response to the signals, the gonads produce hormones that stimulate libido and the growth, function, and transformation of the brain, bones, muscle, blood, skin, hair, breasts, and sex organs.", "Puberty __knowledge__ Physical growth—height and weight—accelerates in the first half of puberty and is completed when an adult body has been developed.", "Puberty __knowledge__ Until the maturation of their reproductive capabilities, the pre-pubertal physical differences between boys and girls are the external sex organs.", "Jennifer Connelly __knowledge__ Jennifer Lynn Connelly (born December 12, 1970) is an American film actress who began her career as a child model.", "Jennifer Connelly __knowledge__ She appeared in magazine, newspaper, and television advertising, before she made her debut in the 1984 crime film \"Once Upon a Time in America\".", "Jennifer Connelly __knowledge__ Connelly continued modeling and acting, starring in films such as the 1985 horror film \"Phenomena\" (her first leading role), the 1986 film \"Labyrinth\" and the 1991 films \"Career Opportunities\" and \"The Rocketeer\".", "Jennifer Connelly __knowledge__ She gained critical acclaim for her work in the 1998 science fiction film \"Dark City\" and for her portrayal of Marion Silver in the 2000 drama \"Requiem for a Dream\".", "History of evolutionary thought __knowledge__ Evolutionary thought, the conception that species change over time, has roots in antiquity - in the ideas of the ancient Greeks, Romans, and Chinese as well as in medieval Islamic science.", "History of evolutionary thought __knowledge__ With the beginnings of modern biological taxonomy in the late 17th century, two opposed ideas influenced Western biological thinking: essentialism, the belief that every species has essential characteristics that are unalterable, a concept which had developed from medieval Aristotelian metaphysics, and that fit well with natural theology; and the development of the new anti-Aristotelian approach to modern science: as the Enlightenment progressed, evolutionary cosmology and the mechanical philosophy spread from the physical sciences to natural history.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\"." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]

[ "Yes I have one! I grow a collection of hairs on my chin and cheeks. Do you have one?", "Well, usually only pubescent adult males can grow good beards. Do you fit the description? ", "Oh I see. Yes genetics can play a role as well. Evolutionary the beard is just part of the androgenic hairs. But it depends on the person how much we have. ", "Yes, mine it pretty short because I prefer it trimmed. It's a leftover trait from when we were gorillas and had hair on out entire body." ]

[ "Beard", "Beard", "Beard", "Beard" ]

[ "Chicago metropolitan area\nI live in Chicago, how about you?", "Yes, Chicago has a lot of people.", "Chicago metropolitan area", "I work for one of the Fortune 500 companies.", "Wow, that is a long time ago." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Chicago metropolitan area, or Chicagoland, is the metropolitan area that includes the city of Chicago, Illinois, and its suburbs.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ With an estimated MSA population of 9.5 million people and CSA population of 9.9 million people, it is the third largest metropolitan area in the United States.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Chicago metropolitan area is one of the world's largest and most diversified economies, with more than four million employees and generating an annual gross regional product (GRP) of over $561 billion.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The region is home to more than 400 major corporate headquarters, including 31 in the Fortune 500.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ There are several definitions of the area, including the area defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as the Chicago–Joliet–Naperville, IL–IN–WI Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), and the area under the jurisdiction of the Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning (CMAP) (a metropolitan planning organization).", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Chicago Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) was originally designated by the United States Census Bureau in 1950.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ It comprised the Illinois counties of Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake and Will, along with Lake County in Indiana.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ As surrounding counties saw an increase in their population densities and the number of their residents employed within Cook County, they met Census criteria to be added to the MSA.", "Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago ( or ), officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States.", "Chicago __knowledge__ With over 2.7 million residents, it is also the most populous city in both the state of Illinois and the Midwestern United States.", "Chicago __knowledge__ It is the county seat of Cook County.", "Chicago __knowledge__ The Chicago metropolitan area, often referred to as Chicagoland, has nearly 10 million people and is the third-largest in the United States.", "Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago has often been called a global architecture capital and is considered one of the most important business centers in the world.", "Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837 near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed and grew rapidly in the mid-nineteenth century.", "Chicago (band) __knowledge__ Chicago is an American rock band formed in 1967 in Chicago, Illinois as The Chicago Transit Authority before shortening the name in 1970.", "Chicago (band) __knowledge__ The self-described \"rock and roll band with horns\" began as a politically charged, sometimes experimental, rock band and later moved to a predominantly softer sound, generating several hit ballads.", "Chicago (band) __knowledge__ The group had a steady stream of hits throughout the 1970s and 1980s.", "Chicago (band) __knowledge__ Since at least 2008, \"Billboard\" has shown Chicago to be the \"greatest of all time\" American band in singles chart success, and since 2015, the \"greatest of all time\" American band in album chart success as well.", "WMAQ-TV __knowledge__ WMAQ-TV, virtual channel 5 (UHF digital channel 29), is an NBC owned-and-operated television station licensed to Chicago, Illinois, United States.", "WMAQ-TV __knowledge__ The station is owned by the NBC Owned Television Stations subsidiary of NBCUniversal, as part of a duopoly with Telemundo owned-and-operated station WSNS-TV (channel 44); NBCUniversal, a Comcast subsidiary, owns both networks, along with regional sports network NBC Sports Chicago.", "WMAQ-TV __knowledge__ WMAQ-TV and WSNS-TV share studio facilities and business offices at the NBC Tower on North Columbus Drive in the city's Streeterville neighborhood, and transmitter facilities atop the Willis Tower on South Wacker Drive in the Chicago Loop.", "Ethnic groups in Chicago __knowledge__ The mix of ethnic groups in Chicago has varied over the history of the city, resulting in a diverse community in the twenty-first century.", "Ethnic groups in Chicago __knowledge__ The changes in the ethnicity of the population have reflected the history and mass America, as well as internal demographic changes.", "Ethnic groups in Chicago __knowledge__ The groups have been important in the development of the city as well as players in occasional conflicts.", "Ethnic groups in Chicago __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, there were 2,695,598 people with 1,045,560 households residing within Chicago.", "Ethnic groups in Chicago __knowledge__ More than half the population of the state of Illinois lives in the Chicago metropolitan area.", "Ethnic groups in Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago is also one of the US's most densely populated major cities.", "WGN-TV __knowledge__ WGN-TV, virtual channel 9 (UHF digital channel 19), is an independent television station licensed to Chicago, Illinois, United States.", "WGN-TV __knowledge__ It is the flagship television property of the Tribune Broadcasting subsidiary of Tribune Media, which also owns radio station WGN (720 AM) and local cable news channel Chicagoland Television (CLTV).", "WGN-TV __knowledge__ WGN-TV maintains studio facilities and offices at 2501 West Bradley Place in Chicago's North Center community area (as such, it is the only major commercial television station in Chicago with studio facilities located outside the downtown business district), and its transmitter is located atop the Willis Tower on South Wacker Drive in the Chicago Loop.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ The culture of Chicago, Illinois is known for the invention or significant advancement of several performing arts, including improvisational comedy, house music, blues, hip hop, gospel, jazz, and soul.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ The city is known for its Chicago School and Prairie School architecture.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ It continues to cultivate a strong tradition of classical music, popular music, dance, and performing arts, rooted in Western civilization, as well as other traditions carried forward by its African-American, Asian-American, European American, Hispanic American, and Native American citizens.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ The city is additionally known for various popular culinary dishes, including deep-dish pizza, the Chicago-style hot dog and the Italian beef sandwich.", "Jon-Henri Damski __knowledge__ Jon-Henri Damski (March 31, 1937 – November 1, 1997) was an American essayist, weekly columnist, poet and community activist in Chicago's gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender communities from the mid to late 1970s until the late 1990s.", "Jon-Henri Damski __knowledge__ At the time of his death, Damski was the longest-running columnist published in the American gay and lesbian press, having written for publication every week from November 8, 1977 until November 12, 1997.", "Jon-Henri Damski __knowledge__ Damski is also considered the first gay columnist in the American Midwest to publish under his real name and photo, starting in January, 1979, when no legal protections existed in the city of Chicago to give one recourse if fired from a job, or forced from housing, due to sexual orientation." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Chicago metropolitan area, or Chicagoland, is the metropolitan area that includes the city of Chicago, Illinois, and its suburbs.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ With an estimated MSA population of 9.5 million people and CSA population of 9.9 million people, it is the third largest metropolitan area in the United States.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Chicago metropolitan area is one of the world's largest and most diversified economies, with more than four million employees and generating an annual gross regional product (GRP) of over $561 billion.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The region is home to more than 400 major corporate headquarters, including 31 in the Fortune 500.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ There are several definitions of the area, including the area defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as the Chicago–Joliet–Naperville, IL–IN–WI Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), and the area under the jurisdiction of the Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning (CMAP) (a metropolitan planning organization).", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Chicago Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) was originally designated by the United States Census Bureau in 1950.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ It comprised the Illinois counties of Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake and Will, along with Lake County in Indiana.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ As surrounding counties saw an increase in their population densities and the number of their residents employed within Cook County, they met Census criteria to be added to the MSA.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ The Yes Men are a culture jamming activist duo and network of supporters created by Jacques Servin and Igor Vamos.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ Through actions of tactical media, the Yes Men primarily aim to raise awareness about problematic social and political issues.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ To date, the duo have produced three films: \"The Yes Men\" (2003), \"The Yes Men Fix the World\" (2009) and \"The Yes Men Are Revolting\" (2014).", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ In these films, they impersonate entities that they dislike, a practice that they call \"identity correction\".", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ The Yes Men operate under the mission statement that lies can expose truth.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ They create and maintain fake websites similar to ones they intend to spoof, which have led to numerous interview, conference, and TV talk show invitations.", "United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, 2011 __knowledge__ The United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, also known as the UK-wide referendum on the Parliamentary voting system was held on Thursday 5 May 2011 (the same date as local elections in many areas) in the United Kingdom (UK) to choose the method of electing MPs at subsequent general elections as part of the Conservative – Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement drawn up after the 2010 general election which had resulted in the first hung parliament since February 1974 and also indirectly in the aftermath of the 2009 expenses scandal under the provisions of the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 and was the first national referendum to be held under provisions laid out in the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "YES Network __knowledge__ The Yankees Entertainment and Sports Network (YES) is an American cable and satellite television regional sports network that is owned by 21st Century Fox (which owns a controlling 80% interest and serves as managing partner) and Yankee Global Enterprises (which owns the remaining 20%).", "YES Network __knowledge__ Primarily serving New York City, New York and the surrounding metropolitan area, it broadcasts a variety of sports events, as well as magazine, documentary and discussion programs; however, its main emphasis is focused on games and team-related programs involving the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (owned by minority partner Yankee Global), the NBA's Brooklyn Nets and New York City FC of Major League Soccer.", "Metropolitan area __knowledge__ A metropolitan area, sometimes referred to as a metro area or commuter belt, is a region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories, sharing industry, infrastructure, and housing.", "Metropolitan area __knowledge__ A metro area usually comprises multiple jurisdictions and municipalities: neighborhoods, townships, boroughs, cities, towns, exurbs, suburbs, counties, districts, states, and even nations like the eurodistricts.", "Metropolitan area __knowledge__ As social, economic and political institutions have changed, metropolitan areas have become key economic and political regions.", "Metropolitan area __knowledge__ Metropolitan areas include one or more urban areas, as well as satellite cities, towns and intervening rural areas that are socio-economically tied to the urban core, typically measured by commuting patterns.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area, also referred to as the Tri-State Area, includes New York City as the most populous city in the United States, Long Island, and the Mid and Lower Hudson Valley in the state of New York; the five largest cities in New Jersey: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, and Edison, and their vicinities; six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut: Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, and Danbury, and their vicinities; and five counties in northeastern Pennsylvania.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ As per the 2015 United States Census Bureau estimates, the New York metropolitan area remains, by a significant margin, the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.2 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.7 million residents); it is also one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world, and the single largest in North America.", "Mexico City __knowledge__ Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (, ; abbreviated as CDMX), is the capital and most populous city of Mexico and North America.", "Mexico City __knowledge__ Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas.", "Mexico City __knowledge__ It is located in the Valley of Mexico (\"Valle de México\"), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of .", "Mexico City __knowledge__ The city consists of sixteen boroughs.", "Mexico City __knowledge__ The 2009 estimated population for the city proper was approximately 8.84 million people, with a land area of .", "Mexico City __knowledge__ According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments, the Greater Mexico City population is 21.3 million people, making it the largest metropolitan area of the Western Hemisphere, the tenth-largest agglomeration, and the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world.", "Demographics of Filipino Americans __knowledge__ The demographics of Filipino Americans describe a heterogeneous group of people in the United States who can trace their ancestry to the Philippines.", "Demographics of Filipino Americans __knowledge__ As of the 2010 Census, there were 3.4 million Filipino Americans, including Multiracial Americans who were part Filipino, with the United States Department of State in 2011 estimating the population at 4 million.", "Demographics of Filipino Americans __knowledge__ Filipino Americans constitute the second-largest population of Asian Americans, and the largest population of Overseas Filipinos.", "Demographics of Filipino Americans __knowledge__ The first recorded presence of Filipinos in what is now the United States dates to October 1587, with the first permanent settlement of Filipinos in what is now the United States being established in Louisiana in 1763.", "Conurbation __knowledge__ A conurbation is a region comprising a number of cities, large towns, and other urban areas that, through population growth and physical expansion, have merged to form one continuous urban or industrially developed area.", "Conurbation __knowledge__ In most cases, a conurbation is a polycentric urbanised area, in which transportation has developed to link areas to create a single urban labour market or travel to work area.", "Conurbation __knowledge__ The term \"conurbation\" was coined in 1915 by Patrick Geddes in his book \"Cities In Evolution\".", "Conurbation __knowledge__ He drew attention to the ability of the then new technology of electric power and motorised transport to allow cities to spread and agglomerate together, and gave as examples \"Midlandton\" in England, the Ruhr in Germany, Randstad in the Netherlands and North Jersey in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "Urban area __knowledge__ An urban area is a human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of built environment.", "Urban area __knowledge__ Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology as cities, towns, conurbations or suburbs.", "Urban area __knowledge__ In urbanism, the term contrasts to rural areas such as villages and hamlets and in urban sociology or urban anthropology it contrasts with natural environment.", "Urban area __knowledge__ The creation of early predecessors of urban areas during the urban revolution led to the creation of human civilization with modern urban planning, which along with other human activities such as exploitation of natural resources leads to human impact on the environment." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Chicago metropolitan area, or Chicagoland, is the metropolitan area that includes the city of Chicago, Illinois, and its suburbs.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ With an estimated MSA population of 9.5 million people and CSA population of 9.9 million people, it is the third largest metropolitan area in the United States.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Chicago metropolitan area is one of the world's largest and most diversified economies, with more than four million employees and generating an annual gross regional product (GRP) of over $561 billion.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The region is home to more than 400 major corporate headquarters, including 31 in the Fortune 500.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ There are several definitions of the area, including the area defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as the Chicago–Joliet–Naperville, IL–IN–WI Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), and the area under the jurisdiction of the Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning (CMAP) (a metropolitan planning organization).", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Chicago Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) was originally designated by the United States Census Bureau in 1950.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ It comprised the Illinois counties of Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake and Will, along with Lake County in Indiana.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ As surrounding counties saw an increase in their population densities and the number of their residents employed within Cook County, they met Census criteria to be added to the MSA.", "Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago ( or ), officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States.", "Chicago __knowledge__ With over 2.7 million residents, it is also the most populous city in both the state of Illinois and the Midwestern United States.", "Chicago __knowledge__ It is the county seat of Cook County.", "Chicago __knowledge__ The Chicago metropolitan area, often referred to as Chicagoland, has nearly 10 million people and is the third-largest in the United States.", "Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago has often been called a global architecture capital and is considered one of the most important business centers in the world.", "Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837 near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed and grew rapidly in the mid-nineteenth century.", "Demographics of Filipino Americans __knowledge__ The demographics of Filipino Americans describe a heterogeneous group of people in the United States who can trace their ancestry to the Philippines.", "Demographics of Filipino Americans __knowledge__ As of the 2010 Census, there were 3.4 million Filipino Americans, including Multiracial Americans who were part Filipino, with the United States Department of State in 2011 estimating the population at 4 million.", "Demographics of Filipino Americans __knowledge__ Filipino Americans constitute the second-largest population of Asian Americans, and the largest population of Overseas Filipinos.", "Demographics of Filipino Americans __knowledge__ The first recorded presence of Filipinos in what is now the United States dates to October 1587, with the first permanent settlement of Filipinos in what is now the United States being established in Louisiana in 1763.", "Illinois __knowledge__ Illinois ( ) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.", "Illinois __knowledge__ It is the 6th most populous state and 25th largest state in terms of land area, and is often noted as a microcosm of the entire country.", "Illinois __knowledge__ With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois, and natural resources like coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, Illinois has a diverse economic base and is a major transportation hub.", "Illinois __knowledge__ The Port of Chicago connects the state to other global ports from the Great Lakes, via the Saint Lawrence Seaway, to the Atlantic Ocean, as well as the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River, via the Illinois Waterway.", "WMAQ-TV __knowledge__ WMAQ-TV, virtual channel 5 (UHF digital channel 29), is an NBC owned-and-operated television station licensed to Chicago, Illinois, United States.", "WMAQ-TV __knowledge__ The station is owned by the NBC Owned Television Stations subsidiary of NBCUniversal, as part of a duopoly with Telemundo owned-and-operated station WSNS-TV (channel 44); NBCUniversal, a Comcast subsidiary, owns both networks, along with regional sports network NBC Sports Chicago.", "WMAQ-TV __knowledge__ WMAQ-TV and WSNS-TV share studio facilities and business offices at the NBC Tower on North Columbus Drive in the city's Streeterville neighborhood, and transmitter facilities atop the Willis Tower on South Wacker Drive in the Chicago Loop.", "Ethnic groups in Chicago __knowledge__ The mix of ethnic groups in Chicago has varied over the history of the city, resulting in a diverse community in the twenty-first century.", "Ethnic groups in Chicago __knowledge__ The changes in the ethnicity of the population have reflected the history and mass America, as well as internal demographic changes.", "Ethnic groups in Chicago __knowledge__ The groups have been important in the development of the city as well as players in occasional conflicts.", "Ethnic groups in Chicago __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, there were 2,695,598 people with 1,045,560 households residing within Chicago.", "Ethnic groups in Chicago __knowledge__ More than half the population of the state of Illinois lives in the Chicago metropolitan area.", "Ethnic groups in Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago is also one of the US's most densely populated major cities.", "Metra __knowledge__ Metra is a commuter railroad in the Chicago metropolitan area.", "Metra __knowledge__ The railroad operates 242 stations on 11 different rail lines.", "Metra __knowledge__ It is the fourth busiest commuter rail system in the United States by ridership and the largest and busiest commuter rail system outside the New York City metropolitan area.", "Metra __knowledge__ There were 83.4 million passenger rides in 2014, up 1.3% from the previous year.", "Metra __knowledge__ The estimated busiest day for Metra ridership occurred on November 4, 2016—the day of the Chicago Cubs 2016 World Series victory rally.", "Metra __knowledge__ Using Chicago's rail infrastructure, much of which was created in the 19th century, the Illinois General Assembly established the RTA, and later Metra, to serve commuters by rail.", "Dallas __knowledge__ Dallas () is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.", "Dallas __knowledge__ It is the most populous city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, which is the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the United States.", "Dallas __knowledge__ The city's population ranks ninth in the U.S. and third in Texas after Houston and San Antonio.", "Dallas __knowledge__ The city's prominence arose from its historical importance as a center for the oil and cotton industries, and its position along numerous railroad lines.", "Dallas __knowledge__ The bulk of the city is in Dallas County, of which it is the county seat; however, sections of the city are located in Collin, Denton, Kaufman, and Rockwall counties.", "Omaha, Nebraska __knowledge__ Omaha ( ) is the largest city in the state of Nebraska and the county seat of Douglas County.", "Omaha, Nebraska __knowledge__ Omaha is located in the Midwestern United States on the Missouri River, about north of the mouth of the Platte River.", "Omaha, Nebraska __knowledge__ Omaha is the anchor of the Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area, which includes Council Bluffs, Iowa, across the Missouri River from Omaha.", "Omaha, Nebraska __knowledge__ According to the 2010 census, Omaha's population was 408,958, making it the nation's 44th-largest city; this had increased to 446,970 as of a 2016 estimate.", "Omaha, Nebraska __knowledge__ Including its suburbs, Omaha formed the 60th-largest metropolitan area in the United States in 2013, with an estimated population of 895,151 residing in eight counties.", "Boeing __knowledge__ The Boeing Company () is an American multinational corporation that designs, manufactures, and sells airplanes, rotorcraft, rockets, and satellites worldwide.", "Boeing __knowledge__ The company also provides leasing and product support services.", "Boeing __knowledge__ Boeing is among the largest global aircraft manufacturers; it is the second-largest defense contractor in the world based on 2015 revenue, and is the largest exporter in the United States by dollar value.", "Boeing __knowledge__ Boeing stock is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.", "Boeing __knowledge__ The Boeing Company's corporate headquarters are located in Chicago and the company is led by President and CEO Dennis Muilenburg.", "Hartford, Connecticut __knowledge__ Hartford is the capital of the U.S. state of Connecticut.", "Hartford, Connecticut __knowledge__ It was the seat of Hartford County until Connecticut disbanded county government in 1960.", "Hartford, Connecticut __knowledge__ As of the 2010 Census, Hartford's population was 124,775, making it Connecticut's third-largest city after the coastal cities of Bridgeport and New Haven.", "Hartford, Connecticut __knowledge__ Census Bureau estimates since then have indicated Hartford's fall to fourth place statewide, as a result of sustained population growth in the coastal city of Stamford.", "Hartford, Connecticut __knowledge__ Hartford is nicknamed the \"Insurance Capital of the World\", as it hosts many insurance company headquarters and insurance is the region's major industry.", "General Electric __knowledge__ General Electric (GE) is an American multinational conglomerate corporation incorporated in New York and headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts.", "General Electric __knowledge__ As of 2016, the company operates through the following segments: Aviation, Current, Digital, Energy Connections, Global Research, Healthcare, Lighting, Oil and Gas, Power, Renewable Energy, Transportation, and Capital which cater to the needs of Financial services, Medical devices, Life Sciences, Pharmaceutical, Automotive, Software Development and Engineering industries.", "General Electric __knowledge__ In 2017, GE ranked among the Fortune 500 as the thirteenth-largest firm in the U.S. by gross revenue.", "Economy of Ohio __knowledge__ The economy of Ohio nominally would be the 27th largest global economy behind Saudi Arabia and ahead of Argentina according to the 2015 IMF report.", "Economy of Ohio __knowledge__ The state had a projected GDP of $526.1 billion in 2013, up from 517.1 in 2012, and up from 501.3 in 2011, according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis.", "Economy of Ohio __knowledge__ In 2013, Ohio was ranked in the top ten states for best business climate by Site Selection magazine, based on a business-activity database.", "Economy of Ohio __knowledge__ The state was edged out only by Texas and Nebraska for the 2013 Governor's Cup award from the magazine, based on business growth and economic development.", "Economy of Ohio __knowledge__ A new report by the Quantitative Economics and Statistics Practices (QUEST) of Ernst & Young in conjunction with the Council On State Taxation (COST), ranks Ohio as third in the nation for friendliest tax environment." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Chicago metropolitan area, or Chicagoland, is the metropolitan area that includes the city of Chicago, Illinois, and its suburbs.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ With an estimated MSA population of 9.5 million people and CSA population of 9.9 million people, it is the third largest metropolitan area in the United States.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Chicago metropolitan area is one of the world's largest and most diversified economies, with more than four million employees and generating an annual gross regional product (GRP) of over $561 billion.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The region is home to more than 400 major corporate headquarters, including 31 in the Fortune 500.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ There are several definitions of the area, including the area defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as the Chicago–Joliet–Naperville, IL–IN–WI Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), and the area under the jurisdiction of the Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning (CMAP) (a metropolitan planning organization).", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Chicago Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) was originally designated by the United States Census Bureau in 1950.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ It comprised the Illinois counties of Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake and Will, along with Lake County in Indiana.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ As surrounding counties saw an increase in their population densities and the number of their residents employed within Cook County, they met Census criteria to be added to the MSA.", "Dallas __knowledge__ Dallas () is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.", "Dallas __knowledge__ It is the most populous city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, which is the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the United States.", "Dallas __knowledge__ The city's population ranks ninth in the U.S. and third in Texas after Houston and San Antonio.", "Dallas __knowledge__ The city's prominence arose from its historical importance as a center for the oil and cotton industries, and its position along numerous railroad lines.", "Dallas __knowledge__ The bulk of the city is in Dallas County, of which it is the county seat; however, sections of the city are located in Collin, Denton, Kaufman, and Rockwall counties.", "Chengdu __knowledge__ Chengdu (), formerly romanized as Chengtu, is a sub-provincial city which serves as the capital of China's Sichuan province.", "Chengdu __knowledge__ It is one of the three most populous cities in Western China (the other two are Chongqing and Xi'an).", "Chengdu __knowledge__ , the administrative area houses 14,427,500 inhabitants, with an urban population of 10,152,632.", "Chengdu __knowledge__ At the time of the 2010 census, Chengdu was the 5th-most populous agglomeration in China, with 10,484,996 inhabitants in the built-up area including Xinjin County and Deyang's Guanghan City.", "Chengdu __knowledge__ The surrounding Chengdu Plain is also known as the \"Country of Heaven\" () and the \"Land of Abundance\".", "List of companies in Greater Cincinnati __knowledge__ This is a list of major companies and organizations in Greater Cincinnati, through corporate or subsidiary headquarters or through significant operational and employment presence near Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.", "List of companies in Greater Cincinnati __knowledge__ Altogether, nine Fortune 500 companies and fifteen Fortune 1000 companies have headquarters in the Cincinnati area.", "List of companies in Greater Cincinnati __knowledge__ With nine Fortune 500 company headquarters in the area, the region ranks in the United States Top 10 markets for number of Fortune 500 headquarters per million residents, higher than New York, Boston, Chicago or Los Angeles.", "List of companies in Greater Cincinnati __knowledge__ In addition to Fortune 500 headquarters, 400 Fortune 500 companies have a presence in Cincinnati.", "Economy of Ohio __knowledge__ The economy of Ohio nominally would be the 27th largest global economy behind Saudi Arabia and ahead of Argentina according to the 2015 IMF report.", "Economy of Ohio __knowledge__ The state had a projected GDP of $526.1 billion in 2013, up from 517.1 in 2012, and up from 501.3 in 2011, according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis.", "Economy of Ohio __knowledge__ In 2013, Ohio was ranked in the top ten states for best business climate by Site Selection magazine, based on a business-activity database.", "Economy of Ohio __knowledge__ The state was edged out only by Texas and Nebraska for the 2013 Governor's Cup award from the magazine, based on business growth and economic development.", "Economy of Ohio __knowledge__ A new report by the Quantitative Economics and Statistics Practices (QUEST) of Ernst & Young in conjunction with the Council On State Taxation (COST), ranks Ohio as third in the nation for friendliest tax environment.", "Economy of Columbus, Ohio __knowledge__ Columbus, Ohio has a generally strong and diverse economy based on education, insurance, banking, fashion, defense, aviation, food, logistics, steel, energy, medical research, health care, hospitality, retail, and technology.", "Economy of Columbus, Ohio __knowledge__ Overall, it was ranked as one of the top 10 best big cities in the country in 2010, according to Relocate America, a real estate research firm.", "Economy of Columbus, Ohio __knowledge__ Market Watch ranked Columbus and their metro area as the No.", "Economy of Columbus, Ohio __knowledge__ 7 best place in the country to operate a business in 2008.", "Economy of Columbus, Ohio __knowledge__ The same year Ohio was ranked No.", "Economy of Columbus, Ohio __knowledge__ 5 in the nation for headquarters of Fortune 500 companies, with Columbus home to the most in the state.", "Executive compensation in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, the compensation of company executives is distinguished by the forms it takes and its dramatic rise over the past three decades and wide-ranging criticism leveled against it.", "Executive compensation in the United States __knowledge__ In the past three decades in America executive compensation or pay has risen dramatically beyond what can be explained by changes in firm size, performance, and industry classification.", "Executive compensation in the United States __knowledge__ It is the highest in the world in both absolute terms and relative to median salary in the US.", "Executive compensation in the United States __knowledge__ It has been criticized not only as excessive, but also for \"rewarding failure\"—including massive drops in stock price, and much of the national growth in income inequality.", "Richmond, Virginia __knowledge__ Richmond ( ) is the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States.", "Richmond, Virginia __knowledge__ It is the center of the Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) and the Greater Richmond Region.", "Richmond, Virginia __knowledge__ It was incorporated in 1742, and has been an independent city since 1871.", "Richmond, Virginia __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, the population was 204,214; in 2016, the population was estimated to be 223,170, the fourth-most populous city in Virginia.", "Richmond, Virginia __knowledge__ The Richmond Metropolitan Area has a population of 1,260,029, the third-most populous metro in the state.", "Richmond, Virginia __knowledge__ Richmond is located at the fall line of the James River, west of Williamsburg, east of Charlottesville, and south of Washington, D.C.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area, also referred to as the Tri-State Area, includes New York City as the most populous city in the United States, Long Island, and the Mid and Lower Hudson Valley in the state of New York; the five largest cities in New Jersey: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, and Edison, and their vicinities; six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut: Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, and Danbury, and their vicinities; and five counties in northeastern Pennsylvania.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ As per the 2015 United States Census Bureau estimates, the New York metropolitan area remains, by a significant margin, the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.2 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.7 million residents); it is also one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world, and the single largest in North America.", "Hampton Roads __knowledge__ Hampton Roads is the name of both a body of water in Virginia and the surrounding metropolitan region in Southeastern Virginia and Northeastern North Carolina, United States.", "Hampton Roads __knowledge__ Comprising the Virginia Beach–Norfolk–Newport News, VA–NC metropolitan area and an extended Combined Statistical Area that includes the Elizabeth City, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area and Kill Devil Hills, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area, Hampton Roads is known for its large military presence, ice-free harbor, shipyards, coal piers, and miles of waterfront property and beaches, all of which contribute to the diversity and stability of the region's economy.", "Greater Los Angeles __knowledge__ Greater Los Angeles is the second-largest urban region in the United States, encompassing five counties in southern California, extending from Ventura County in the west to San Bernardino County and Riverside County on the east, with Los Angeles County in the center and Orange County to the southeast.", "Greater Los Angeles __knowledge__ Throughout the 20th century, it was one of the fastest-growing regions in the United States, although growth has slowed since 2000.", "Greater Los Angeles __knowledge__ As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the Los Angeles Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of nearly 13 million residents.", "Greater Los Angeles __knowledge__ Meanwhile, the larger metropolitan region's population at the 2010 census was estimated to be over 17.8 million residents, and a 2015 estimate reported a population of about 18.7 million.", "Cincinnati metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Cincinnati metropolitan area, informally known as Greater Cincinnati, is a metropolitan area that includes counties in the U.S. states of Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana around the Ohio city of Cincinnati.", "Cincinnati metropolitan area __knowledge__ The United States Census Bureau's formal name for the area is the Cincinnati–Middletown, OH–KY–IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "Cincinnati metropolitan area __knowledge__ As of the 2010 U.S. Census, this MSA had a population of 2,114,580, the largest metropolitan area involving Ohio and 27th largest in the United States.", "Cincinnati metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Census also lists the Cincinnati–Wilmington–Maysville, OH–KY–IN Combined Statistical Area, which adds Clinton County, Ohio (defined as the Wilmington, OH micropolitan area) and Mason County, Kentucky (defined as the Maysville, KY micropolitan area) for a 2014 estimated population of 2,208,450.", "Los Angeles metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Los Angeles metropolitan area, also known as Metropolitan Los Angeles or the Southland, is the 18th largest metropolitan area in the world and the second-largest metropolitan area in the United States.", "Los Angeles metropolitan area __knowledge__ It is entirely located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of California.", "Los Angeles metropolitan area __knowledge__ The metropolitan area is defined by the Office of Management and Budget as the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), consisting of Los Angeles and Orange counties, a metropolitan statistical area used for statistical purposes by the United States Census Bureau and other agencies.", "Los Angeles metropolitan area __knowledge__ Its land area is 4,850 sq.", "Atlanta metropolitan area __knowledge__ Metro Atlanta, designated by the United States Office of Management and Budget as the Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area, is the most populous metro area in the US state of Georgia and the ninth-largest metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in the United States.", "Atlanta metropolitan area __knowledge__ Its economic, cultural and demographic center is Atlanta, and it had a 2015 estimated population of 5.7 million people according to the U.S. Census Bureau.", "Atlanta metropolitan area __knowledge__ The metro area forms the core of a broader trading area, the Atlanta–Athens-Clarke–Sandy Springs Combined Statistical Area.", "Atlanta metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Combined Statistical Area spans up to 39 counties in north Georgia and had an estimated 2015 population of 6.3 million people." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Chicago metropolitan area, or Chicagoland, is the metropolitan area that includes the city of Chicago, Illinois, and its suburbs.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ With an estimated MSA population of 9.5 million people and CSA population of 9.9 million people, it is the third largest metropolitan area in the United States.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Chicago metropolitan area is one of the world's largest and most diversified economies, with more than four million employees and generating an annual gross regional product (GRP) of over $561 billion.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The region is home to more than 400 major corporate headquarters, including 31 in the Fortune 500.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ There are several definitions of the area, including the area defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as the Chicago–Joliet–Naperville, IL–IN–WI Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), and the area under the jurisdiction of the Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning (CMAP) (a metropolitan planning organization).", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Chicago Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) was originally designated by the United States Census Bureau in 1950.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ It comprised the Illinois counties of Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake and Will, along with Lake County in Indiana.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ As surrounding counties saw an increase in their population densities and the number of their residents employed within Cook County, they met Census criteria to be added to the MSA.", "Long Long Time Ago 2 __knowledge__ Long Long Time Ago 2 (; literally \"Our Story 2\") is a 2016 Singaporean period film directed by Jack Neo, the second of a two-part series and the sequel to \"Long Long Time Ago\".", "Long Long Time Ago 2 __knowledge__ Continuing from \"Long Long Time Ago\", Zhao Di takes over her family farm with the help of Ah Long after the 1969 floods.", "Long Long Time Ago 2 __knowledge__ After the government started reclaiming land for development in 1977, licensed owners like Zhao Di are compensated but her brother accuses her of having an affair with Ah Long to get the money for himself.", "Long Long Time Ago 2 __knowledge__ Osman does not approve his son playing in a rock band as he fears the negative influence, causing his son to run away from home.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ Long Long Time Ago (; literally \"Our Story\") is a 2016 Singaporean period film directed by Jack Neo, the first of a two-part series.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ The film commemorates Singapore's 50th birthday and stars Aileen Tan, Mark Lee and Wang Lei as the main casts.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ The story spans from 1965 to the early 1970s.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ Heavily pregnant Zhao Di, the unwanted second wife of an older man, was chased out by her husband's family and forced to return to her own family.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ She eventually gave birth to twins, Shun Fatt and Su-Fang.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ As Su-Fang had two moles on her face, which was said to be bad luck, Zhao Di decided to give her up due to the pressure of wanting to build a better life for the rest of her family.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ This article is about placeholder names in various languages.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ In Afrikaans, \"dinges\" ('thing'), \"goeters\" ('things'), \"watsenaam\" ('what's its name') are common placeholders.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ A common placeholder name for a semi-mythological place - much the same as Timbuktu - is \"Pofadder\" (a real town).", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ A general term for a far away, remote/rural environment is \"Boendoe\".", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ \"Van die jaar toet\" (from the year \"tut\") is often used to indicate an unspecified, long time ago.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ Arabic uses \"Fulan\", \"Fulana[h]\" (فلان / فلانة) and when a last name is needed it becomes \"Fulan AlFulani\", \"Fulana[h] AlFulaniyya[h]\" (فلان الفلاني / فلانة الفلانية).", "Economy of the United States __knowledge__ The economy of the United States is a highly developed mixed economy.", "Economy of the United States __knowledge__ It is the world's largest economy by nominal GDP and second largest by purchasing power parity (PPP).", "Economy of the United States __knowledge__ It has the world's seventh-highest per capita GDP (nominal) and eleventh-highest per capita GDP (PPP) in 2016.", "Economy of the United States __knowledge__ The U.S. dollar is the currency most used in international transactions and is the world's foremost reserve currency, backed by its science and technology, its military, the full faith of the US government to reimburse its debts, its central role in a range of international institutions since World War II and the petrodollar system.", "Economy of Armenia __knowledge__ The economy of Armenia is ranked 132nd in the world, with a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of $10.561 billion per annum.", "Economy of Armenia __knowledge__ It is also the 129th largest in the world by purchasing power parity (PPP), at $25.329 billion per annum.", "Economy of Armenia __knowledge__ Armenia is the second-most densely populated of the post-Soviet states because of its small size.", "Economy of Armenia __knowledge__ It is situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, bordered on the north and east by Georgia and Azerbaijan and on the south and west by Iran and Turkey.", "Economy of Armenia __knowledge__ Until independence, Armenia's economy was based largely on industry—chemicals, electronic products, machinery, processed food, synthetic rubber and textiles; it was highly dependent on outside resources.", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor __knowledge__ China–Pakistan Economic Corridor CPEC) is a collection of infrastructure projects that are currently under construction throughout Pakistan.", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor __knowledge__ Originally valued at $46 billion, the value of CPEC projects is now worth $62 billion.", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor __knowledge__ CPEC is intended to rapidly modernize Pakistani infrastructure and strengthen its economy by the construction of modern transportation networks, numerous energy projects, and special economic zones.", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor __knowledge__ On 13 November 2016, CPEC became partly operational when Chinese cargo was transported overland to Gwadar Port for onward maritime shipment to Africa and West Asia.", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor __knowledge__ A vast network of highways and railways are to be built under the aegis of CPEC that will span the length and breadth of Pakistan.", "Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago ( or ), officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States.", "Chicago __knowledge__ With over 2.7 million residents, it is also the most populous city in both the state of Illinois and the Midwestern United States.", "Chicago __knowledge__ It is the county seat of Cook County.", "Chicago __knowledge__ The Chicago metropolitan area, often referred to as Chicagoland, has nearly 10 million people and is the third-largest in the United States.", "Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago has often been called a global architecture capital and is considered one of the most important business centers in the world.", "Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837 near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed and grew rapidly in the mid-nineteenth century.", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ The United States (U.S.) subprime mortgage crisis was a nationwide banking emergency, occurring between 2007-2010, which contributed to the U.S. recession of December 2007 – June 2009.", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ It was triggered by a large decline in home prices after the collapse of a housing bubble, leading to mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures and the devaluation of housing-related securities.", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ Declines in residential investment preceded the recession and were followed by reductions in household spending and then business investment.", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ Spending reductions were more significant in areas with a combination of high household debt and larger housing price declines.", "Economy of Pakistan __knowledge__ The economy of Pakistan is the 24th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP), and 42nd largest in terms of nominal gross domestic product.", "Economy of Pakistan __knowledge__ Pakistan has a population of over 207 million (the world's 5th-largest), giving it a nominal GDP per capita of $1,629, which ranks 147th in the world for 2016.", "Economy of Pakistan __knowledge__ However, Pakistan's undocumented economy is estimated to be 36% of its overall economy, which is not taken into consideration when calculating per capita income.", "Economy of Pakistan __knowledge__ Pakistan is a developing country and is one of the Next Eleven, the eleven countries that have a potential to be among the world's large economies in the 21st century." ] ]

[ 2, 4, 6, 3, 1 ]

[ "I do not but it is quite populated. It is estimated to be from 9.5 million to9.9 million people which makes it the third largest metropolitan area in the united states!", "Yes and a lot of rich businesses. It's home to more than 400 major corporate headquarters including 31 that are in the Fortune 500! ", "The chicago metropolitan statistical area also eans msa, it was originally designated y the US census bureau in 1950.", "I meant means* sorry about that typo. Chicago has one of the world's largest and most diversified economies with more than 4 million employees generating an annual gross regional product of over 561 billion. That is A LOT", "Also to define the chicago metropolitan area completely, it is also alled chicagoland and is the metropolitan area that includes the city of chicago, illinois and its suburbs." ]

[ "Chicago metropolitan area", "Chicago metropolitan area", "Chicago metropolitan area", "Chicago metropolitan area", "Chicago metropolitan area" ]

[ "Hiking\nI love hiking in mountains and exploring the wild.", "Yes. It is something that can be enjoyed doing alone as well.", "That is funny. Here in the US tramping means something different.", "YEs true. I like going into giant national parks to hike and explore.", "I have never hiked that trail although it is on my bucket list." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking.", "Hiking in Kosovo __knowledge__ Hiking in Kosovo started with establishment of the first hiking association in 1928, and it continued with creation of different association all around the territory which was then part of Yugoslavia.", "Hiking in Kosovo __knowledge__ After the Kosovo War a lot was done also by the support of the societies such as: HikingNjeri which have worked hard to not only organize activities, but also to expose hiking to the general public via social media.", "Hiking in Kosovo __knowledge__ Hiking as an activity started in its true sense circa 1930, the year in which a group of friends climbed the Gjeravica mountain in Peć.", "Hiking in Kosovo __knowledge__ This was the first time that a peak in Kosovo was climbed (there is no evidence of that).", "Bob Marshall (wilderness activist) __knowledge__ Robert \"Bob\" Marshall (January 2, 1901November 11, 1939) was an American forester, writer and wilderness activist who is best remembered as the person who spearheaded the 1935 founding of the Wilderness Society in the United States.", "Bob Marshall (wilderness activist) __knowledge__ Marshall developed a love for the outdoors as a young child.", "Bob Marshall (wilderness activist) __knowledge__ He was an avid hiker and climber who visited the Adirondack Mountains frequently during his youth, ultimately becoming one of the first Adirondack Forty-Sixers.", "Bob Marshall (wilderness activist) __knowledge__ He also traveled to the Brooks Range of the far northern Alaskan wilderness.", "Bob Marshall (wilderness activist) __knowledge__ He wrote numerous articles and books about his travels, including the bestselling 1933 book \"Arctic Village.\"", "Elemental Gelade __knowledge__ The manga series has been adapted into an anime television series produced by Xebec, two light novels, two video games for the PlayStation 2 and Game Boy Advance and four drama CDs.", "Elemental Gelade __knowledge__ The anime ended after 26 episodes.", "Elemental Gelade __knowledge__ The manga ended in 2009.", "Elemental Gelade __knowledge__ Prior to the original broadcast of the anime on TV Tokyo on April 5, 2005, both the manga and anime were licensed by Tokyopop and Geneon Entertainment, respectively for North American distribution.", "Elemental Gelade __knowledge__ The announcement was made even after ADV announced they acquired licensing rights for both manga and anime a year before.", "Elemental Gelade __knowledge__ The tale of \"Elemental Gelade\" is set in the world of Guardia where beings called Edel Raids co-exist with humans.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail is estimated around 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail Conservancy claims that the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The idea of the Appalachian Trail came about in 1921.", "John Muir __knowledge__ John Muir (; April 21, 1838 – December 24, 1914) also known as \"John of the Mountains\" and \"Father of the National Parks\", was an influential Scottish-American naturalist, author, environmental philosopher, glaciologist and early advocate for the preservation of wilderness in the United States.", "John Muir __knowledge__ His letters, essays, and books describing his adventures in nature, especially in the Sierra Nevada, have been read by millions.", "John Muir __knowledge__ His activism has helped to preserve the Yosemite Valley, Sequoia National Park and many other wilderness areas.", "John Muir __knowledge__ The Sierra Club, which he co-founded, is a prominent American conservation organization.", "William L. Sullivan (author) __knowledge__ William Lawrence \"Bill\" Sullivan is an author of outdoor guide books, histories, and fiction.", "William L. Sullivan (author) __knowledge__ He has written over twenty books, almost all of them related in some way to his home state of Oregon.", "William L. Sullivan (author) __knowledge__ Before he began his writing career, he attended several colleges, earning degrees from Cornell University and the University of Oregon.", "William L. Sullivan (author) __knowledge__ His \"100 hikes\" guide book series is especially popular with people who enjoy backpacking in Oregon’s wilderness areas.", "William L. Sullivan (author) __knowledge__ In 2005, the Oregon Cultural Heritage Commission selected one of his books, \"Listening for Coyote\", as one of the 100 most significant books in Oregon history." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (born January 11, 1934), known commonly as Jean Chrétien (), is a Canadian politician who served as the 20th Prime Minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to December 12, 2003.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Born and raised in Shawinigan, Quebec, Chrétien is a law graduate from Université Laval.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons in 1963.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He served in various cabinet posts under prime minister Pierre Trudeau, most prominently as Minister of Justice, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He also served as deputy prime minister in John Turner's short-lived government.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ Richard Christopher \"Rick\" Wakeman (born 18 May 1949) is an English keyboardist, songwriter, television and radio presenter, and author.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the progressive rock band Yes across five tenures between 1971 and 2004 and for his solo albums released in the 1970s.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ He is a current member of Yes Featuring Jon Anderson, Trevor Rabin and Rick Wakeman.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ Born and raised in West London, Wakeman intended to be a concert pianist but quit his studies at the Royal College of Music in 1969 to become a full-time session musician.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ His early sessions included playing on \"Space Oddity\", among others, for David Bowie and songs by Junior's Eyes, T. Rex, Elton John, and Cat Stevens.", "National Football League on television __knowledge__ The television rights to broadcast National Football League (NFL) games are the most lucrative and expensive rights of any American sport.", "National Football League on television __knowledge__ Television brought professional football into prominence in the modern era after World War II.", "National Football League on television __knowledge__ Since then, National Football League broadcasts have become among the most-watched programs on American television, and the financial fortunes of entire networks have rested on owning NFL broadcasting rights.", "National Football League on television __knowledge__ This has raised questions about the impartiality of the networks' coverage of games and whether they can criticize the NFL without fear of losing the rights and their income.", "NBC Sunday Night Football __knowledge__ NBC Sunday Night Football (abbreviated as SNF) is a weekly television broadcast of National Football League (NFL) games on NBC in the United States.", "NBC Sunday Night Football __knowledge__ It began airing on August 6, 2006 with the Pro Football Hall of Fame Game, which opened that year's preseason.", "NBC Sunday Night Football __knowledge__ NBC took over the rights to the Sunday prime time game telecasts from ESPN, which carried the broadcasts from 1987 to 2005 (concurrently with NBC assuming the rights to Sunday evening regular-season games, ESPN took over the broadcast rights to \"Monday Night Football\" from sister network ABC beginning with the 2006 season).", "NBC Sunday Night Football __knowledge__ Previously, NBC had aired American Football League (AFL), and later American Football Conference (AFC), games from 1960 until 1998, when CBS took over those rights.", "Major League Baseball on ABC __knowledge__ Major League Baseball on ABC is the de facto title of a program that televises Major League Baseball games on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC).", "Major League Baseball on ABC __knowledge__ The program has appeared in various forms c. - (\"ABC Game of the Week\"), – (\"Monday Night Baseball\", \"Thursday Night Baseball\", and \"Sunday Afternoon Baseball\"), and – (\"Baseball Night in America\").", "Major League Baseball on ABC __knowledge__ ABC has not televised Major League Baseball since Game 5 of the 1995 World Series (October 26).", "Major League Baseball on ABC __knowledge__ In , ABC-TV executive Edgar J. Scherick (who later created \"Wide World of Sports\") broached a Saturday \"Game of the Week\", TV sport's first network series.", "Walking __knowledge__ Walking (also known as ambulation) is one of the main gaits of locomotion among legged animals.", "Walking __knowledge__ Walking is typically slower than running and other gaits.", "Walking __knowledge__ Walking is defined by an 'inverted pendulum' gait in which the body vaults over the stiff limb or limbs with each step.", "Walking __knowledge__ This applies regardless of the number of limbs—even arthropods, with six, eight or more limbs, walk.", "Walking __knowledge__ The word \"walk\" is descended from the Old English \"wealcan\" \"to roll\".", "Walking __knowledge__ In humans and other bipeds, walking is generally distinguished from running in that only one foot at a time leaves contact with the ground and there is a period of double-support.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Trail __knowledge__ A trail is usually a path, track or unpaved lane or road.", "Trail __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland path or footpath is the preferred term for a walking trail.", "Trail __knowledge__ The term is also applied, in North America, to routes along rivers, and sometimes to highways.", "Trail __knowledge__ In the US, the term was historically used for a route into or through wild territory used by emigrants (e.g.", "Trail __knowledge__ the Oregon Trail).", "Trail __knowledge__ Some trails are single use and can only be used for walking, cycling, horse riding, snowshoeing, and cross-country skiing; others, as in the case of a bridleway in the UK, are multi-use, and can be used by walkers, cyclists and equestrians." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking.", "Tony Kanaan __knowledge__ Antoine Rizkallah Kanaan \"Tony\" Filho (born 31 December 1974), more commonly known as Tony Kanaan, is a Brazilian racing driver.", "Tony Kanaan __knowledge__ Kanaan won the 2013 Indianapolis 500 and the 2004 IndyCar Series championship.", "Tony Kanaan __knowledge__ In that season he completed 3,305 laps, making him the first IndyCar Series driver to complete every possible lap in a season.", "Tony Kanaan __knowledge__ He also led 889 laps in 13 separate races to establish an IndyCar Series record.", "Tony Kanaan __knowledge__ He is also the only driver to lead the Indianapolis 500 in each of his first seven starts, and won his first race on his 12th attempt.", "Tony Kanaan __knowledge__ Kanaan has a total of 17 career race wins and 15 pole-positions in the IndyCar Series.", "Michael Kanaan __knowledge__ Michael Kanaan (born 23 May 1975) is a Lebanese Australian triple murderer from Sydney, New South Wales, currently serving three sentences of life imprisonment plus 50 years and 4 months without the possibility of parole, for the murder of three people and other offences, all committed in Sydney between 17 July 1998 and 22 December 1998.", "Michael Kanaan __knowledge__ In the drama series he was portrayed by actor Ryan Corr.", "Michael Kanaan __knowledge__ A psychologist's report in 2001 indicated that Kanaan experienced a normal, stable upbringing, that he and his family had a deep devotion to the Christian faith and that he abstained from the consumption of alcohol.", "Ghazi Kanaan __knowledge__ Ghazi Kanaan (1942 – 12 October 2005) (; transliterations vary), also known as Abu Yo'roub, was Syria's Interior Minister from 2004 to 2005, and long-time head of Syria's security apparatus in Lebanon.", "Ghazi Kanaan __knowledge__ His violent death during an investigation into the assassination of Rafik Hariri drew international attention.", "Ghazi Kanaan __knowledge__ Ghazi Kanaan was born in 1942 in Bhamra, near Qardaha, the home town of former Syrian president Hafiz Asad.", "Ghazi Kanaan __knowledge__ This region, centered on the coastal town of Lattakia, is in heartland Syria's Alawite minority, of which both men were part.", "Ghazi Kanaan __knowledge__ Ghazi was a member of the Kalbiyya tribe and a distant relative of Bashar’s mother, Anisa Makhlouf.", "2007 Indy Japan 300 __knowledge__ The 2007 Indy Japan 300 was an IndyCar Series motor race held on April 21, 2007, at the Twin Ring Motegi in Motegi, Tochigi, Japan.", "2007 Indy Japan 300 __knowledge__ It was the third race of the 2007 IndyCar Series season, the fifth annual edition of the Indy Japan 300 in the IndyCar Series, and the tenth anniversary running of the race (including its five years on the Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART) schedule).", "2007 Indy Japan 300 __knowledge__ Andretti Green Racing driver Tony Kanaan won the race with a 0.4828 second margin of victory over Chip Ganassi Racing's Dan Wheldon.", "2007 Indy Japan 300 __knowledge__ Dario Franchitti, Scott Dixon, and Sam Hornish Jr. rounded out the top five.", "2007 Indy Japan 300 __knowledge__ Hélio Castroneves, the defending champion of the Indy Japan 300, won the pole position by posting the fastest lap in qualifying.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist, essayist, journalist, and critic.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ His work is marked by lucid prose, awareness of social injustice, opposition to totalitarianism, and outspoken support of democratic socialism.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ Orwell wrote literary criticism, poetry, fiction, and polemical journalism.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ He is best known for the allegorical novella \"Animal Farm\" (1945) and the dystopian novel \"Nineteen Eighty-Four\" (1949).", "George Orwell __knowledge__ His non-fiction works, including \"The Road to Wigan Pier\" (1937), documenting his experience of working class life in the north of England, and \"Homage to Catalonia\" (1938), an account of his experiences in the Spanish Civil War, are widely acclaimed, as are his essays on politics, literature, language, and culture.", "General Escobedo __knowledge__ General Escobedo, or simply Escobedo, is a city and municipality in Nuevo León, Mexico that is part of the Monterrey Metropolitan area.", "General Escobedo __knowledge__ As of the census of 2005, the population was 295,131 in the city and 299,364 in the municipality.", "General Escobedo __knowledge__ The municipality has an area of around 205 km² and shares borders to the south with San Nicolás de los Garza, Monterrey and Santa Catarina; to the north with Hidalgo and El Carmen; to the east with Apodaca and Salinas Victoria; and to the west with García.", "General Escobedo __knowledge__ Escobedo is also the home of the Mexican Army's 7th Military Zone Army Base.", "General Escobedo __knowledge__ The city was named after the General Mariano Escobedo.", "2001 Molson Indy Toronto __knowledge__ The 2001 Molson Indy Toronto was a Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART) motor race held on July 15, 2001, at the Exhibition Place circuit in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.", "2001 Molson Indy Toronto __knowledge__ It was the tenth round of the 2001 CART season, the 16th annual edition of the Molson Indy Toronto, and the first of two events that were held in Canada.", "2001 Molson Indy Toronto __knowledge__ The 95-lap race was won by Team Motorola driver Michael Andretti, who started from the 13th position.", "2001 Molson Indy Toronto __knowledge__ Alex Tagliani finished second for the Forsythe Racing team, and Fernandez Racing driver Adrián Fernández came in third.", "2001 Molson Indy Toronto __knowledge__ Gil de Ferran won the pole position and maintained his lead throughout the race's first half.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Ha Dong-hoon (; born on August 20, 1979), better known by his stage name Haha (), is a South Korean singer, variety show host and member of Skull & Haha.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the sitcom, \"Nonstop\" and for co-hosting two popular variety programs, MBC's \"Infinite Challenge\" and SBS's \"Running Man\".", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He has also hosted his own show, titled \"Ya Man TV\" on Mnet in 2015.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Haha was born on August 20, 1979 in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany and moved to Seoul, South Korea when he was an infant.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ His parents are both Korean, with his mother holding a doctorate in psychology, and he has an older sister, Ha Juri () who is a pianist, also with a doctorate.", "H. W. Gretton __knowledge__ H. W. (Harold William) Gretton (16 March 1914 – 1983) was a New Zealand poet, lyricist, writer, teacher, journalist, linguist, diarist and Second World War soldier.", "H. W. Gretton __knowledge__ In New Zealand, Gretton's tramping songs (popular between the 1950s and 1970s) are still well known today.", "H. W. Gretton __knowledge__ His Second World War diary is also of note for its social history of military life, along with his soldier's poem 'Koru and Acanthus'.", "H. W. Gretton __knowledge__ Gretton grew up near Palmerston North on a dairy farm in Linton.", "H. W. Gretton __knowledge__ He was the son of the farmer Thomas Henry Gretton and Margaret Gretton (née Geddes).", "H. W. Gretton __knowledge__ He attended Palmerston North Boys' High School and after Victoria College (1935–38).", "Tramping in New Zealand __knowledge__ Tramping, known elsewhere as backpacking, rambling, hill walking or bushwalking, is a popular activity in New Zealand.", "Tramping in New Zealand __knowledge__ Tramping is defined as a recreational activity involving walking over rough country.", "Tramping in New Zealand __knowledge__ Trampers often carry a backpack and wet-weather gear, and may also carry equipment for cooking and sleeping.", "Tramping in New Zealand __knowledge__ Alpine climbing has been a recreational activity from the early days of European settlement, and possibly earlier.", "Tramping in New Zealand __knowledge__ From the 1950s tracks, huts and bridges were built in the forested areas of New Zealand to support hunters culling introduced deer species which had become a threat to the biodiversity of New Zealand.", "Czech tramping __knowledge__ Tramping (in Czech and Slovak language) is a movement incorporating woodcraft, hiking/backpacking/camping and scouting, with a characteristic flavour of and styled on American culture, especially the Wild West.", "Czech tramping __knowledge__ The latter is particularly noticeable in the tramping song, a song and musical style associated with tramping.", "Czech tramping __knowledge__ Tramping originated in Czechoslovakia in the beginning of the 20th century and is still present in today's Czech Republic and to a lesser degree in Slovakia.", "Czech tramping __knowledge__ It manifests itself in a distinctive style of clothing, hiking culture and tramping music.", "Czech tramping __knowledge__ For the urban youth it was a specific form of a \"return to the nature\".", "Canterbury University Tramping Club __knowledge__ The Canterbury University Tramping Club (CUTC) is one of the largest sports clubs at the University of Canterbury.", "Canterbury University Tramping Club __knowledge__ It was formed for the pursuit of outdoor activities, mainly tramping, mountaineering and climbing.", "Canterbury University Tramping Club __knowledge__ Club members also go mountain biking, kayaking and skiing.", "Canterbury University Tramping Club __knowledge__ Most members are students, staff or recent graduates of the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand.", "Canterbury University Tramping Club __knowledge__ The club has weekly meetings during term time, and multiple trips going away most weekends.", "Canterbury University Tramping Club __knowledge__ The club dates back to before 1934, first being known as the 'Canterbury College Tramping Club', then later 'Canterbury University College Tramping Club' and finally 'Canterbury University Tramping Club'.", "Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park __knowledge__ Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park is in the South Island of New Zealand, near the town of Twizel.", "Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park __knowledge__ Aoraki / Mount Cook, New Zealand's highest mountain, and Aoraki/Mount Cook Village lie within the park.", "Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park __knowledge__ The area was gazetted as a national park in October 1953 and consists of reserves that were established as early as 1887 to protect the area's significant vegetation and landscape.", "Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park __knowledge__ Even though most of the park is alpine terrain, it is easily accessible.", "Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park __knowledge__ The only road access into Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park is via State Highway 80, which starts near Twizel, at distance the closest town to the park, and leads directly to Mount Cook Village, where the road ends." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking.", "Kings Canyon National Park __knowledge__ Kings Canyon National Park is a national park in the southern Sierra Nevada, in Fresno and Tulare Counties, California in the United States.", "Kings Canyon National Park __knowledge__ Originally established in 1890 as General Grant National Park, it was greatly expanded and renamed to Kings Canyon National Park on March 4, 1940.", "Kings Canyon National Park __knowledge__ Its namesake, Kings Canyon, is a rugged glacier-carved valley more than a mile (1,600 m) deep; the park also includes multiple peaks, high mountain meadows, swift-flowing rivers, and some of the world's largest stands of giant sequoia trees.", "Kings Canyon National Park __knowledge__ Kings Canyon is north of and contiguous with Sequoia National Park, and the two are jointly administered by the National Park Service as the Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks.", "National Parks of Canada __knowledge__ National Parks of Canada are protected natural spaces throughout the country that represent distinct geographical regions of the nation.", "National Parks of Canada __knowledge__ Under the administration of Parks Canada, a government branch, National Parks allow for public enjoyment without compromising the area for future generations, including the management of wildlife and habitat within the ecosystems of the park.", "National Parks of Canada __knowledge__ Within Parks Canada’s administration is a wide range of protected areas, encompassing National Historic Sites, National Marine Conservation Areas (NMCA), and National Park Reserves.", "National Parks of Canada __knowledge__ Canada’s first national park, located in Banff, was established in 1885.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail is estimated around 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail Conservancy claims that the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The idea of the Appalachian Trail came about in 1921.", "National parks of England and Wales __knowledge__ The national parks of England and Wales are areas of relatively undeveloped and scenic landscape that are designated under the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act (2016).", "National parks of England and Wales __knowledge__ Despite their similar name, national parks in England and Wales are quite different from national parks in many other countries, which are usually owned and managed by the government as a protected community resource, and which do not usually include permanent human communities.", "National parks of England and Wales __knowledge__ In England and Wales, designation as a national park may include substantial settlements and human land uses which are often integral parts of the landscape, and land within a national park remains largely in private ownership.", "National parks of Scotland __knowledge__ The national parks of Scotland are managed areas of outstanding landscape where some forms of development are restricted to preserve the landscape and natural environment.", "National parks of Scotland __knowledge__ At present, Scotland has two national parks: Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park, created in 2002, and the Cairngorms National Park, created in 2003.", "National parks of Scotland __knowledge__ Unlike the national parks of many other countries, the national parks of Scotland are not areas of uninhabited land owned by the state.", "National parks of Scotland __knowledge__ The majority of the land is in the ownership of private landowners (including conservation bodies such as the National Trust for Scotland), and people continue to live and work in the parks.", "James Bernard Harkin __knowledge__ James B. Harkin (30 January 1875 – 27 January 1955), also known as the Father of National Parks, was a Canadian-born journalist turned bureaucrat with a passion for conservation but also widely renowned for his commodification of the Canadian landscape.", "James Bernard Harkin __knowledge__ Harkin began his career as a journalist under the umbrella of the \"Ottawa Daily\" and \"Montreal Herald\", two conservative newspapers at the time, but soon through his persistence and prowess gained entry into civil service during his mid-twenties.", "James Bernard Harkin __knowledge__ Under the tutelage of some influential figures working for the Liberal Party of Canada, most notably Clifford Sifton and Frank Oliver, Harkin was able to acquire an appointment to be the first commissioner of the Dominion Parks Branch in 1911.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Ha Dong-hoon (; born on August 20, 1979), better known by his stage name Haha (), is a South Korean singer, variety show host and member of Skull & Haha.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the sitcom, \"Nonstop\" and for co-hosting two popular variety programs, MBC's \"Infinite Challenge\" and SBS's \"Running Man\".", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He has also hosted his own show, titled \"Ya Man TV\" on Mnet in 2015.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Haha was born on August 20, 1979 in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany and moved to Seoul, South Korea when he was an infant.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ His parents are both Korean, with his mother holding a doctorate in psychology, and he has an older sister, Ha Juri () who is a pianist, also with a doctorate.", "Rolling Mill Mine __knowledge__ The Rolling Mill Mine was a drift portal coal mine in operation in Johnstown, Cambria County, Pennsylvania, operating from approximately 1856 until 1931.", "Rolling Mill Mine __knowledge__ It was originally owned by the Cambria Iron Company and was developed in the Westmont hillside across the Conemaugh River from the company's rolling mill.", "Rolling Mill Mine __knowledge__ Its portal was near the confluence of the Stonycreek River and Little Conemaugh River.", "Rolling Mill Mine __knowledge__ It supplied the bulk of the coal used in the iron and steel making taking place in the city, producing an average of 3,000 tons a day in 1902, and primarily employed recent immigrants from Central and Eastern Europe.", "Waitukubuli Trail __knowledge__ The Waitukubuli Trail located in Dominica is the longest hiking trail in the Caribbean at 115 miles long It is made of 14 segments, beginning in the southern village of Scott's Head, and ending in the north at Cabrit's National Park.", "Waitukubuli Trail __knowledge__ The trail was officially opened in 2013 and was named after the original Kalinago name of the island, Waitukubuli, meaning \"tall is her body\" .", "Waitukubuli Trail __knowledge__ Scott's Head to Soufriere Estate “This trail located in a crater and with evidence of sulphur deposits, helps us to understand the true volcanic nature of Dominica.” Vegetation Type: Dry Forest, Cultivation Distance: 7km or 4 miles Estimated Walking time: 4hrs Climb: 460 metres or 1,518 ft Type of hike: Moderate Areas of interest: Soufriere Estate to Bellevue Chopin This trail with an old slave route, old estates and historic buildings reminds us of Dominica’s history of a plantation society and the era of colonization.", "International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers __knowledge__ The International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers played an important role in the protection of workers and in desegregation efforts beginning in the 1916 when the Western Federation of Miners (WFM) changed its name to International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers (IUMMSW), also known as Mine Mill.", "International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers __knowledge__ The union was created in the western United States, and eventually expanded throughout the United States and Canada.", "International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers __knowledge__ The union was known for its militant measures in dealing with opposing forces, and firm in its opposition to the politics that existed in the country during the Cold War.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ The following is list of characters the appear in the cartoon series, \"Generator Rex\".", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ Ricardo \"Rex\" Salazar is a young human-looking E.V.O, but unlike other E.V.O.s, Rex has the ability to control his nanites at will, allowing him to cure other E.V.O.s of their mutations and use his nanites to create a variety of machines on his body and communicate with a variety of machines.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ Rex is overconfident, impulsive, and typically, rebellious.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ He has a quick wit and is constantly making jokes.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ However, when Rex needs to defend himself, he doesn't hold back.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ He prefers to smash anything that gets in his way.", "Abenomics __knowledge__ The term \"Abenomics\" is a portmanteau of \"Abe\" and \"economics\", and follows previous political neologisms for economic policies linked to specific leaders, such as Reaganomics, Clintonomics and Rogernomics.", "Abenomics __knowledge__ The Japanese government raised consumption tax rates from 3% to 5% in 1997, which worsened the recession and deflated the economy.", "Abenomics __knowledge__ The government raised the consumption tax in 1997 for the purpose of balancing its budget, and then the government revenue decreased by 4.5 trillion yen because consumption stumbled.", "Abenomics __knowledge__ The country recorded a GDP growth rate of 3 percent in 1996, but after the tax hike the economy sank into recession." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking.", "The Bucket List __knowledge__ The Bucket List is a 2007 American comedy-drama film directed by Rob Reiner, produced by Reiner, Alan Greisman, Craig Zadan and Neil Meron, written by Justin Zackham, and starring Jack Nicholson and Morgan Freeman.", "The Bucket List __knowledge__ The main plot follows two terminally ill men (portrayed by Nicholson and Freeman) on their road trip with a wish list of things to do before they \"kick the bucket\", from which the movie's title gets its name.", "The Bucket List __knowledge__ The film premiered on December 15, 2007 in Hollywood.", "The Bucket List __knowledge__ It opened in limited release in the United States and Canada on December 25, 2007 and was distributed by Warner Bros.", "The Bucket List __knowledge__ The film opened in wide release in the United States and Canada on January 11, 2008 and was released in the United Kingdom on February 8, 2008, and in Australia on February 21, 2008.", "Billy's Bucket List __knowledge__ \"Billy's Bucket List\" is the final episode of the fifth season of the American animated television series \"Adventure Time\".", "Billy's Bucket List __knowledge__ The episode was written and storyboarded by Ako Castuera and Jesse Moynihan, from a story by Kent Osborne, Pendleton Ward, Jack Pendarvis, and Adam Muto.", "Billy's Bucket List __knowledge__ It originally aired on Cartoon Network on March 17, 2014.", "Billy's Bucket List __knowledge__ The episode guest stars Lou Ferrigno, Andy Samberg, and Mark Hamill; Castuera herself also voiced a character.", "Billy's Bucket List __knowledge__ The series follows the adventures of Finn (voiced by Jeremy Shada), a human boy, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake (voiced by John DiMaggio), a dog with magical powers to change shape and grow and shrink at will.", "The Texas Bucket List __knowledge__ The Texas Bucket List is a weekly syndicated television program hosted by Shane McAuliffe and produced by McAuliffe Productions, LLC based in College Station, Texas.", "The Texas Bucket List __knowledge__ The show airs on twenty-two Texas media markets and stations in Laughlin, Nevada, Greenville, North Carolina, and Knoxville, Tennessee.", "The Texas Bucket List __knowledge__ \"The Texas Bucket List\" airs two seasons in a year, and each season is 13 episodes long and includes show segments covering historic and unique locations, annual events, and musicians in Texas as well as a \"Burger of the Week\" segment.", "The Texas Bucket List __knowledge__ \"The Texas Bucket List\" posts its show segments on its website as well as its YouTube channel, and completed its sixth season in the spring of 2016.", "Justin Zackham __knowledge__ Justin Zackham is an American and British screenwriter, director and producer.", "Justin Zackham __knowledge__ He wrote the hit films \"The Bucket List\", \"One Chance\", and the FX series \"Lights Out\", and \"The Big Wedding\", which he also directed.", "Justin Zackham __knowledge__ Zackham graduated from NYU Film School.", "Justin Zackham __knowledge__ After moving to Los Angeles in the 1990s, Zackham wrote himself a \"List of Things to Do Before I Kick the Bucket\", which he shortened to \"Justin's Bucket List\".", "Justin Zackham __knowledge__ The first item on the list was to get a movie made at a major Hollywood studio.", "Justin Zackham __knowledge__ Several years later, that list became the idea for a screenplay which he wrote on spec before submitting to producers, nearly all of whom turned him down.", "Adventure Time (season 5) __knowledge__ The fifth season of \"Adventure Time\", an American animated television series created by Pendleton Ward, premiered on Cartoon Network on November 12, 2012 and concluded on March 17, 2014.", "Adventure Time (season 5) __knowledge__ The season was produced by Cartoon Network Studios and Frederator Studios.", "Adventure Time (season 5) __knowledge__ The season follows the adventures of Finn, a human boy, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake, a dog with magical powers to change shape and size at will.", "Adventure Time (season 5) __knowledge__ Finn and Jake live in the post-apocalyptic Land of Ooo, where they interact with the other main characters of the show: Princess Bubblegum, The Ice King, Marceline the Vampire Queen, Lumpy Space Princess, BMO, and Flame Princess.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail is estimated around 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail Conservancy claims that the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The idea of the Appalachian Trail came about in 1921.", "Kick the bucket __knowledge__ To kick the bucket is an English idiom, considered a euphemistic, informal, or slang term meaning 'to die'.", "Kick the bucket __knowledge__ Its origin remains unclear, though there have been several theories.", "Kick the bucket __knowledge__ A common theory is that the idiom refers to hanging, either as a method of execution or suicide.", "Kick the bucket __knowledge__ However, there is no evidence to support this.", "Kick the bucket __knowledge__ Its earliest appearance is in the \"Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue\" (1785), where it is defined as 'to die'.", "Kick the bucket __knowledge__ In John Badcock's slang dictionary of 1823, the explanation is given that \"One Bolsover having hung himself from a beam while standing on a pail, or bucket, kicked this vessel away in order to pry into futurity and it was all UP with him from that moment: \"Finis\"\".", "Florida Trail __knowledge__ The Florida Trail is one of eleven National Scenic Trails in the United States.", "Florida Trail __knowledge__ It currently runs , with planned, from Big Cypress National Preserve (between Miami and Naples, Florida along the Tamiami Trail) to Fort Pickens at Gulf Islands National Seashore, Pensacola Beach.", "Florida Trail __knowledge__ Also known as the Florida National Scenic Trail (which applies only to its federally certified segments), the Florida Trail provides permanent non-motorized recreation opportunity for hiking and other compatible activities and is within an hour of most Floridians.", "Florida Trail __knowledge__ The Florida National Scenic Trail is designated as a National Scenic Trail by the National Trails System Act of 1968 (Public Law 90-543).", "Metacomet-Monadnock Trail __knowledge__ The Metacomet-Monadnock Trail (M&M Trail) is a hiking trail that traverses the Metacomet Ridge of the Pioneer Valley region of Massachusetts and the central uplands of Massachusetts and southern New Hampshire.", "Metacomet-Monadnock Trail __knowledge__ Although less than from Boston and other large population centers, the trail is considered remarkably rural and scenic and includes many areas of unique ecologic, historic, and geologic interest.", "Metacomet-Monadnock Trail __knowledge__ Notable features include waterfalls, dramatic cliff faces, exposed mountain summits, woodlands, swamps, lakes, river floodplain, farmland, significant historic sites, and the summits of Mount Monadnock, Mount Tom and Mount Holyoke.", "List of Maryland Scenic Byways __knowledge__ The Maryland Scenic Byways system consists of nineteen byways that pass through scenic and historic areas across the U.S. state of Maryland, with four of them designated as National Scenic Byways and two of them designated as All-American Roads.", "List of Maryland Scenic Byways __knowledge__ The byways pass through a variety of surroundings, such as the mountains of Western Maryland, the rolling countryside in the northern part of the state, urban sites in the Baltimore and Washington, D.C. areas, small towns and wildlife areas along the Chesapeake Bay, and beaches along the Atlantic Ocean.", "List of Maryland Scenic Byways __knowledge__ The byways also serve historical sites ranging from colonial settlement, the War of 1812, and the American Civil War, along with byways that follow the historic routes of the National Road, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and the Underground Railroad.", "Potomac Heritage Trail __knowledge__ The Potomac Heritage Trail, also known as the Potomac Heritage National Scenic Trail or the PHT, is a designated National Scenic Trail corridor spanning parts of the mid-Atlantic and upper southeastern regions of the United States that will connect various trails and historic sites in the states of Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania and the District of Columbia.", "Potomac Heritage Trail __knowledge__ The trail network includes of existing and planned sections, tracing the outstanding natural, historical, and cultural features of the Potomac River corridor, the upper Ohio River watershed in Pennsylvania and western Maryland, and a portion of the Rappahannock River watershed in Virginia.", "New England National Scenic Trail __knowledge__ The New England National Scenic Trail (NET) is a National Scenic Trail in southern New England, which includes most of the three single trails Metacomet-Monadnock Trail, Mattabesett Trail and Metacomet Trail.", "New England National Scenic Trail __knowledge__ After the Metacomet-Monadnock-Mattabesett trail system, the trail is sometimes called the Triple-M Trail.", "New England National Scenic Trail __knowledge__ The route extends through 41 communities from Guilford, Connecticut at Long Island Sound over the Metacomet Ridge, through the highlands of the Pioneer Valley of Massachusetts, to the New Hampshire state border.", "New England National Scenic Trail __knowledge__ (The remainder of the M-M Trail to the summit of Mount Monadnock in southern New Hampshire is not included in the designation.)", "Metacomet Trail __knowledge__ The Metacomet Trail is a \"Blue-Blazed\" hiking trail that traverses the Metacomet Ridge of central Connecticut and is a part of the newly designated 'New England National Scenic Trail'.", "Metacomet Trail __knowledge__ Despite being easily accessible and close to large population centers, the trail is considered remarkably rugged and scenic.", "Metacomet Trail __knowledge__ The route includes many areas of unique ecologic, historic, and geologic interest.", "Metacomet Trail __knowledge__ Notable features include waterfalls, dramatic cliff faces, woodlands, swamps, lakes, river flood plain, farmland, significant historic sites, and the summits of Talcott Mountain and the Hanging Hills.", "Metacomet Trail __knowledge__ The Metacomet Trail is maintained largely through the efforts of the Connecticut Forest and Park Association." ] ]

[ 1, 5, 2, 18, 35 ]

[ "Hiking is pretty fun, going for a long vigorous walk on a trails is my perfect Sunday afternoon!", "Haha yes, in New Zealand it's hiking is called tramping!", "Haha, that's true, but on the other hand in the United Kingdom, any form of walking would be considier a hike", "Oh, than you might enjoy the Appalachian National Scenic Trail!", "Well it is estimated around 2,200 miles long, so hopefully you'll be prepared for that!" ]

[ "Hiking", "Hiking", "Hiking", "Hiking", "Hiking" ]

[ "Virginia\nI lived in Virginia while growing up.", "Yes it is! Have you been to Virginia?", "Oh i see. Do you have any plans on visiting Virginia? I am due for a visit soon.", "I did not know that Roanoke was in Virginia. Tell me something else that isn't common knowledge about Virginia. ", "I have been to Salem! It is a really cute city. Maybe next time I go there I will see if I can find anything Roanoke related!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Virginia __knowledge__ Virginia (; officially the Commonwealth of Virginia) is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains.", "Virginia __knowledge__ Virginia is nicknamed the \"Old Dominion\" due to its status as the first English colonial possession established in mainland North America, and \"Mother of Presidents\" because eight U.S. presidents were born there, more than any other state.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The Commonwealth's estimated population is over 8.4 million.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The area's history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan.", "Virginia __knowledge__ In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony.", "Virginia __knowledge__ Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony's early politics and plantation economy.", "Virginia __knowledge__ Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution and joined the Confederacy in the American Civil War, during which Richmond was made the Confederate capital and Virginia's northwestern counties seceded to form the state of West Virginia.", "History of Virginia __knowledge__ The History of Virginia begins with documentation by the first Spanish explorers to reach the area in the 1500s, when it was occupied chiefly by Algonquian, Iroquoian, and Siouan peoples.", "History of Virginia __knowledge__ After a failed English attempt to settle Virginia in the 1580s by Walter Raleigh, permanent English settlement began in Virginia with Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.", "History of Virginia __knowledge__ The Virginia Company colony was looking for gold but failed and the colonists could barely feed themselves.", "History of Virginia __knowledge__ The famine during the harsh winter of 1609 forced the colonists to eat leather from their clothes and boots and resort to cannibalism.", "History of Virginia __knowledge__ The colony nearly failed until tobacco emerged as a profitable export.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ West Virginia is a state located in the Appalachian region of the Southern United States.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ It is bordered by Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Ohio to the northwest, Pennsylvania to the north (and, slightly, east), and Maryland to the northeast.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ West Virginia is the 10th smallest by area, is ranked 38th in population, and has the fourth-lowest household income of the United States.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ The capital and largest city is Charleston.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ West Virginia became a state following the Wheeling Conventions of 1861, after the American Civil War had begun.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ Delegates from some Unionist counties of northwestern Virginia decided to break away from Virginia, although they included many secessionist counties in the new state.", "Prehistory of West Virginia __knowledge__ The Prehistory of West Virginia spans ancient times until the arrival of Europeans in the early 17th century.", "Prehistory of West Virginia __knowledge__ Hunters ventured into West Virginia's mountain valleys and made temporary camp villages since the Archaic period in the Americas.", "Prehistory of West Virginia __knowledge__ Many ancient human-made earthen mounds from various mound builder cultures survive, especially in the areas of Moundsville, South Charleston, and Romney.", "Prehistory of West Virginia __knowledge__ The artifacts uncovered in these areas give evidence of a village society with a tribal trade system culture that included limited cold worked copper.", "Prehistory of West Virginia __knowledge__ As of 2009, over 12,500 archaeological sites have been documented in West Virginia.", "Patrick Henry __knowledge__ Patrick Henry (May 29, 1736June 6, 1799) was an American attorney, planter, and orator well known for his declaration to the Second Virginia Convention (1775): \"Give me liberty, or give me death!\"", "Patrick Henry __knowledge__ A Founding Father, he served as the first and sixth post-colonial Governor of Virginia, from 1776 to 1779 and from 1784 to 1786.", "Patrick Henry __knowledge__ Henry was born in Hanover County, Virginia, and was for the most part educated at home.", "Patrick Henry __knowledge__ After an unsuccessful venture running a store, and assisting his father-in-law at Hanover Tavern, Henry became a lawyer through self-study.", "Patrick Henry __knowledge__ Beginning his practice in 1760, he soon became prominent though his victory in the Parson's Cause against the Anglican clergy.", "Colony of Virginia __knowledge__ The Colony of Virginia, chartered in 1606 and settled in 1607, was the first enduring English colony in North America, following failed proprietary attempts at settlement on Newfoundland by Sir Humphrey Gilbert in 1583, and the subsequent further south Roanoke Island (modern eastern North Carolina) by Sir Walter Raleigh in the late 1580s.", "Colony of Virginia __knowledge__ The founder of the new colony was the Virginia Company, with the first two settlements in Jamestown on the north bank of the James River and Popham Colony on the Kennebec River in modern-day Maine, both in 1607.", "Colony of Virginia __knowledge__ The Popham colony quickly failed due to a famine, disease, and conflict with local Native American tribes in the first two years.", "Slavery in the United States __knowledge__ Slavery in the United States was the legal institution of human chattel enslavement, primarily of Africans and African Americans, that existed in the United States of America in the 18th and 19th centuries after it gained independence and before the end of the American Civil War.", "Slavery in the United States __knowledge__ Slavery had been practiced in British America from early colonial days, and was legal in all Thirteen Colonies at the time of the Declaration of Independence in 1776.", "Slavery in the United States __knowledge__ By the time of the American Revolution (1775–1783), the status of slave had been institutionalized as a racial caste associated with African ancestry.", "Slavery in the United States __knowledge__ When the United States Constitution was ratified (1789), a relatively small number of free people of color were among the voting citizens (male property owners)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Virginia __knowledge__ Virginia (; officially the Commonwealth of Virginia) is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains.", "Virginia __knowledge__ Virginia is nicknamed the \"Old Dominion\" due to its status as the first English colonial possession established in mainland North America, and \"Mother of Presidents\" because eight U.S. presidents were born there, more than any other state.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The Commonwealth's estimated population is over 8.4 million.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The area's history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan.", "Virginia __knowledge__ In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony.", "Virginia __knowledge__ Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony's early politics and plantation economy.", "Virginia __knowledge__ Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution and joined the Confederacy in the American Civil War, during which Richmond was made the Confederate capital and Virginia's northwestern counties seceded to form the state of West Virginia.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "YES Network __knowledge__ The Yankees Entertainment and Sports Network (YES) is an American cable and satellite television regional sports network that is owned by 21st Century Fox (which owns a controlling 80% interest and serves as managing partner) and Yankee Global Enterprises (which owns the remaining 20%).", "YES Network __knowledge__ Primarily serving New York City, New York and the surrounding metropolitan area, it broadcasts a variety of sports events, as well as magazine, documentary and discussion programs; however, its main emphasis is focused on games and team-related programs involving the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (owned by minority partner Yankee Global), the NBA's Brooklyn Nets and New York City FC of Major League Soccer.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second referendum to ask voters in the Canadian French-speaking province of Quebec whether Quebec should proclaim national sovereignty and become an independent country, with the condition precedent of offering a political and economic agreement to Canada.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The culmination of multiple years of debate and planning after the failure of the Meech Lake and Charlottetown constitutional accords, the referendum was launched solely by the provincial Parti Québécois government of Jacques Parizeau.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ Despite initial predictions of a heavy sovereignist defeat, an eventful and complex campaign followed, with the \"Yes\" side flourishing after being taken over by charismatic Bloc Québécois leader Lucien Bouchard.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ The Yes Men are a culture jamming activist duo and network of supporters created by Jacques Servin and Igor Vamos.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ Through actions of tactical media, the Yes Men primarily aim to raise awareness about problematic social and political issues.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ To date, the duo have produced three films: \"The Yes Men\" (2003), \"The Yes Men Fix the World\" (2009) and \"The Yes Men Are Revolting\" (2014).", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ In these films, they impersonate entities that they dislike, a practice that they call \"identity correction\".", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ The Yes Men operate under the mission statement that lies can expose truth.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ They create and maintain fake websites similar to ones they intend to spoof, which have led to numerous interview, conference, and TV talk show invitations.", "United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, 2011 __knowledge__ The United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, also known as the UK-wide referendum on the Parliamentary voting system was held on Thursday 5 May 2011 (the same date as local elections in many areas) in the United Kingdom (UK) to choose the method of electing MPs at subsequent general elections as part of the Conservative – Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement drawn up after the 2010 general election which had resulted in the first hung parliament since February 1974 and also indirectly in the aftermath of the 2009 expenses scandal under the provisions of the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 and was the first national referendum to be held under provisions laid out in the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000.", "Appalachian Mountains __knowledge__ The Appalachian Mountains (; ), often called the Appalachians, are a system of mountains in eastern North America.", "Appalachian Mountains __knowledge__ The Appalachians first formed roughly 480 million years ago during the Ordovician Period.", "Appalachian Mountains __knowledge__ They once reached elevations similar to those of the Alps and the Rocky Mountains before naturally occurring erosion.", "Appalachian Mountains __knowledge__ The Appalachian chain is a barrier to east-west travel, as it forms a series of alternating ridgelines and valleys oriented in opposition to most roads running east or west.", "Appalachian Mountains __knowledge__ Definitions vary on the precise boundaries of the Appalachians.", "Appalachian Mountains __knowledge__ The United States Geological Survey (USGS) defines the \"Appalachian Highlands\" physiographic division as consisting of thirteen provinces: the Atlantic Coast Uplands, Eastern Newfoundland Atlantic, Maritime Acadian Highlands, Maritime Plain, Notre Dame and Mégantic Mountains, Western Newfoundland Mountains, Piedmont, Blue Ridge, Valley and Ridge, Saint Lawrence Valley, Appalachian Plateaus, New England province, and the Adirondack provinces.", "Appalachia __knowledge__ Appalachia () is a cultural region in the Eastern United States that stretches from the Southern Tier of New York to northern Alabama, Mississippi and Georgia.", "Appalachia __knowledge__ While the Appalachian Mountains stretch from Belle Isle (Newfoundland and Labrador) in Canada to Cheaha Mountain in Alabama, the cultural region of Appalachia typically refers only to the central and southern portions of the range.", "Appalachia __knowledge__ As of the 2010 United States Census, the region was home to approximately 25 million people.", "Appalachia __knowledge__ Since its recognition as a distinctive region in the late 19th century, Appalachia has been a source of enduring myths and distortions regarding the isolation, temperament, and behavior of its inhabitants.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ North Carolina () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ It borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west, Virginia to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ North Carolina is the 28th most extensive and the 9th most populous of the U.S. states.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ The state is divided into 100 counties.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ The capital is Raleigh, which along with Durham is home to the largest research park in the United States (Research Triangle Park).", "North Carolina __knowledge__ The most populous municipality is Charlotte, which is the third largest banking center in the United States after New York City and San Francisco.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail is estimated around 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail Conservancy claims that the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The idea of the Appalachian Trail came about in 1921.", "Geography of the United States __knowledge__ The term \"United States\", when used in the geographical sense, is the contiguous United States, the state of Alaska, the island state of Hawaii, the five insular territories of Puerto Rico, Northern Mariana Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa, and minor outlying possessions.", "Geography of the United States __knowledge__ The United States shares land borders with Canada and Mexico and maritime borders with Russia, Cuba, and the Bahamas in addition to Canada and Mexico.", "Geography of the United States __knowledge__ The United States's northern border with Canada is the world's longest bi-national land border!", "Geography of the United States __knowledge__ From 1989 through 1996, the total area of the US was listed as (land + inland water only).", "West Virginia __knowledge__ West Virginia is a state located in the Appalachian region of the Southern United States.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ It is bordered by Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Ohio to the northwest, Pennsylvania to the north (and, slightly, east), and Maryland to the northeast.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ West Virginia is the 10th smallest by area, is ranked 38th in population, and has the fourth-lowest household income of the United States.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ The capital and largest city is Charleston.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ West Virginia became a state following the Wheeling Conventions of 1861, after the American Civil War had begun.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ Delegates from some Unionist counties of northwestern Virginia decided to break away from Virginia, although they included many secessionist counties in the new state." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Virginia __knowledge__ Virginia (; officially the Commonwealth of Virginia) is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains.", "Virginia __knowledge__ Virginia is nicknamed the \"Old Dominion\" due to its status as the first English colonial possession established in mainland North America, and \"Mother of Presidents\" because eight U.S. presidents were born there, more than any other state.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The Commonwealth's estimated population is over 8.4 million.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The area's history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan.", "Virginia __knowledge__ In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony.", "Virginia __knowledge__ Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony's early politics and plantation economy.", "Virginia __knowledge__ Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution and joined the Confederacy in the American Civil War, during which Richmond was made the Confederate capital and Virginia's northwestern counties seceded to form the state of West Virginia.", "MG Car Club __knowledge__ The MG Car Club is an international club founded in 1930 for owners and enthusiasts of MG cars.", "MG Car Club __knowledge__ The club headquarters is in Abingdon, Oxfordshire and is located adjacent to the now defunct MG factory site where cars were produced between 1930 - 1980.", "MG Car Club __knowledge__ The MG Car Club currently has 55,000 affiliated members Worldwide and in 2015 the organisation celebrated its 85th anniversary.", "MG Car Club __knowledge__ The MGCC is a not-for-profit organisation.", "MG Car Club __knowledge__ The first club meeting took place on 12 October 1930, at the Roebuck Hotel near Stevenage, with over thirty MG cars and their owners coming together.", "MG Car Club __knowledge__ F.L.M.", "MG Car Club __knowledge__ Harris was General Secretary of the M.G.", "MG Cars __knowledge__ MG, the initials of Morris Garages, is an English automotive marque registered by the now defunct MG Car Company Limited, a British sports car manufacturer begun in the 1920s as a sales promotion sideline within W R Morris's Oxford city retail sales and service business by the business's manager, Cecil Kimber.", "MG Cars __knowledge__ Best known for its two-seat open sports cars, MG also produced saloons and coupés.", "MG Cars __knowledge__ Kimber was an employee of William Morris.", "MG Cars __knowledge__ The MG business was Morris's personal property until 1 July 1935 when he sold MG to his holding company, Morris Motors Limited, restructuring his holdings before issuing (preference) shares in Morris Motors to the public in 1936.", "Abingdon-on-Thames __knowledge__ Abingdon-on-Thames , also known as Abingdon on Thames or just Abingdon, is a market town and civil parish in the ceremonial county of Oxfordshire, England.", "Abingdon-on-Thames __knowledge__ Historically the county town of Berkshire, since 1974 it has been the seat of the Vale of White Horse district within Oxfordshire.", "Abingdon-on-Thames __knowledge__ The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 33,130.", "Abingdon-on-Thames __knowledge__ This is 2,504 more than in the 2001 Census total of 30,626, and represents just over 8% growth in the population.", "Abingdon-on-Thames __knowledge__ Abingdon is south of Oxford, south-east of Witney and north of Newbury in the flat valley of the Thames on its west (right) bank, where the small river Ock flows in from the Vale of White Horse.", "List of The Fast and the Furious characters __knowledge__ \"The Fast and the Furious\" is an American action film series produced by Neal H. Moritz and distributed by Universal Pictures.", "List of The Fast and the Furious characters __knowledge__ Consisting of eight films and two short films, the following is a list of characters from \"The Fast and the Furious\".", "List of The Fast and the Furious characters __knowledge__ During the production of \"Furious 7\", Paul Walker died in a single-vehicle accident on November 30, 2013.", "List of The Fast and the Furious characters __knowledge__ As a result, his character Brian O'Conner was written out as retired.", "List of The Fast and the Furious characters __knowledge__ Walker's brothers, Caleb and Cody, were used among others as stand-ins to complete his remaining scenes, and the film is dedicated to him.", "List of The Fast and the Furious characters __knowledge__ Dominic \"Dom\" Toretto appears in all of the films in the series but \"2 Fast 2 Furious\", in which he is only mentioned.", "USS America (CV-66) __knowledge__ USS \"America\" (CVA/CV-66) was one of three supercarriers built for the United States Navy in the 1960s.", "USS America (CV-66) __knowledge__ Commissioned in 1965, she spent most of her career in the Atlantic and Mediterranean, but did make three Pacific deployments serving in the Vietnam War.", "USS America (CV-66) __knowledge__ She also served in the Persian Gulf War's operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm.", "USS America (CV-66) __knowledge__ \"America\" was the first large aircraft carrier since Operation Crossroads in 1946 to be expended in weapons tests.", "USS America (CV-66) __knowledge__ In 2005, she was scuttled southeast of Cape Hatteras, after four weeks of tests, despite a large protest of former crew-members who wanted to see her instituted as a memorial museum.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet __knowledge__ Field Marshal Sir Henry Hughes Wilson, 1st Baronet, (5 May 1864 – 22 June 1922) was one of the most senior British Army staff officers of the First World War and was briefly an Irish unionist politician.", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet __knowledge__ Wilson served as Commandant of the Staff College, Camberley, and then as Director of Military Operations at the War Office, in which post he played a vital role in drawing up plans to deploy an Expeditionary Force to France in the event of war.", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet __knowledge__ During these years Wilson acquired a reputation as a political intriguer for his role in agitating for the introduction of conscription and in the Curragh incident of 1914, when he encouraged senior officers to resign rather than move against the Ulster Volunteers (UVF).", "Pennsylvania __knowledge__ Pennsylvania (; Pennsylvania German: \"Pennsylvaani\" or \"Pennsilfaani\"), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States.", "Pennsylvania __knowledge__ The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle.", "Pennsylvania __knowledge__ The Commonwealth is bordered by Delaware to the southeast, Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, Lake Erie and the Canadian province of Ontario to the northwest, New York to the north, and New Jersey to the east.", "Pennsylvania __knowledge__ Pennsylvania is the 33rd-largest, the 5th-most populous, and the 9th-most densely populated of the 50 United States.", "King Kalākaua's world tour __knowledge__ The 1881 world tour of King Kalākaua of the Kingdom of Hawaii was his attempt to save the Hawaiian culture and population from extinction through the importation of a labor force from Asia-Pacific nations.", "King Kalākaua's world tour __knowledge__ His efforts brought the small island nation to the attention of world leaders, but sparked rumors that the kingdom was for sale.", "King Kalākaua's world tour __knowledge__ In Hawaii there were critics who believed the labor negotiations were just his excuse to see the world.", "King Kalākaua's world tour __knowledge__ The 281-day trip gave him the distinction of being the first monarch to circumnavigate the globe, just as his 1874 travels had made him the first reigning monarch to visit America and the first honoree of a state dinner at the White House.", "Virginia Eliza Clemm Poe __knowledge__ Virginia Eliza Clemm Poe (née Clemm; August 15, 1822 – January 30, 1847) was the wife of American writer Edgar Allan Poe.", "Virginia Eliza Clemm Poe __knowledge__ The couple were first cousins and publicly married when Virginia Clemm was 13 and Poe was 27.", "Virginia Eliza Clemm Poe __knowledge__ Biographers disagree as to the nature of the couple's relationship.", "Virginia Eliza Clemm Poe __knowledge__ Though their marriage was loving, some biographers suggest they viewed one another more like a brother and sister.", "Virginia Eliza Clemm Poe __knowledge__ In January 1842 she contracted tuberculosis, growing worse for five years until she died of the disease at the age of 24 in the family's cottage, at that time outside New York City.", "Virginia Eliza Clemm Poe __knowledge__ Along with other family members, Virginia Clemm and Edgar Allan Poe lived together off and on for several years before their marriage.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ The History of Oregon State Beavers football covers more than 120 seasons since the team began play in 1893.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ In 1893, Oregon State College was known as State Agricultural College (SAC).", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ William H. Bloss, son of SAC's school president, was the school's first coach, and the quarterback of the 1893 team.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ Bloss moved to Corvallis, Oregon in June 1892.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ He previously played football in the Midwest, and was considered very knowledgeable of football.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ Bloss scheduled tryouts in the fall of 1893 trying to assemble a football team.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ By mid-October, he had found 17 players that would make up the first football team in Oregon State's history.", "2017 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series __knowledge__ The 2017 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series was the 69th season of professional stock car racing in the United States, and the 46th modern-era Cup series season.", "2017 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series __knowledge__ The season began at Daytona International Speedway with the Advance Auto Parts Clash, the Can-Am Duel qualifying races and the 59th running of the Daytona 500.", "2017 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series __knowledge__ The season ended with the Ford EcoBoost 400 at Homestead-Miami Speedway.", "2017 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series __knowledge__ Jimmie Johnson entered the season as the defending champion, having won his record-tying seventh Cup championship that he shares with Richard Petty and Dale Earnhardt.", "2017 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series __knowledge__ Martin Truex Jr. of Furniture Row Racing won the championship, his first in the series.", "History of Virginia __knowledge__ The History of Virginia begins with documentation by the first Spanish explorers to reach the area in the 1500s, when it was occupied chiefly by Algonquian, Iroquoian, and Siouan peoples.", "History of Virginia __knowledge__ After a failed English attempt to settle Virginia in the 1580s by Walter Raleigh, permanent English settlement began in Virginia with Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.", "History of Virginia __knowledge__ The Virginia Company colony was looking for gold but failed and the colonists could barely feed themselves.", "History of Virginia __knowledge__ The famine during the harsh winter of 1609 forced the colonists to eat leather from their clothes and boots and resort to cannibalism.", "History of Virginia __knowledge__ The colony nearly failed until tobacco emerged as a profitable export.", "Appomattox Campaign __knowledge__ The Appomattox Campaign was a series of American Civil War battles fought March 29 – April 9, 1865 in Virginia that concluded with the surrender of Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia to forces of the Union Army (Army of the Potomac, Army of the James and Army of the Shenandoah) under the overall command of Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant.", "Appomattox Campaign __knowledge__ In the following eleven weeks after Lee's surrender, the American Civil War ended as other Confederate armies surrendered and Confederate government leaders were captured or fled the country.", "Appomattox Campaign __knowledge__ As the Richmond–Petersburg Campaign (also known as the Siege of Petersburg) ended, Lee's army was outnumbered and exhausted from a winter of trench warfare over an approximately front, numerous battles, disease, hunger and desertion." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Virginia __knowledge__ Virginia (; officially the Commonwealth of Virginia) is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains.", "Virginia __knowledge__ Virginia is nicknamed the \"Old Dominion\" due to its status as the first English colonial possession established in mainland North America, and \"Mother of Presidents\" because eight U.S. presidents were born there, more than any other state.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The Commonwealth's estimated population is over 8.4 million.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The area's history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan.", "Virginia __knowledge__ In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony.", "Virginia __knowledge__ Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony's early politics and plantation economy.", "Virginia __knowledge__ Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution and joined the Confederacy in the American Civil War, during which Richmond was made the Confederate capital and Virginia's northwestern counties seceded to form the state of West Virginia.", "Roanoke, Virginia __knowledge__ Roanoke is an independent city in the U.S. state of Virginia.", "Roanoke, Virginia __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, the population was 97,032.", "Roanoke, Virginia __knowledge__ It is located in the Roanoke Valley of the Roanoke Region of Virginia.", "Roanoke, Virginia __knowledge__ Roanoke is the largest municipality in Southwest Virginia, and is the principal municipality of the Roanoke Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which had a 2010 population of 308,707.", "Roanoke, Virginia __knowledge__ It is composed of the independent cities of Roanoke and Salem, and Botetourt, Craig, Franklin, and Roanoke counties.", "Roanoke, Virginia __knowledge__ Bisected by the Roanoke River, Roanoke is the commercial and cultural hub of much of Southwest Virginia and portions of Southern West Virginia.", "Common knowledge (logic) __knowledge__ Common knowledge is a special kind of knowledge for a group of agents.", "Common knowledge (logic) __knowledge__ There is \"common knowledge\" of \"p\" in a group of agents \"G\" when all the agents in \"G\" know \"p\", they all know that they know \"p\", they all know that they all know that they know \"p\", and so on \"ad infinitum\".", "Common knowledge (logic) __knowledge__ The concept was first introduced in the philosophical literature by David Kellogg Lewis in his study \"Convention\" (1969).", "Common knowledge (logic) __knowledge__ The sociologist Morris Friedell defined common knowledge in a 1969 paper.", "Common knowledge (logic) __knowledge__ It was first given a mathematical formulation in a set-theoretical framework by Robert Aumann (1976).", "Common knowledge (logic) __knowledge__ Computer scientists grew an interest in the subject of epistemic logic in general – and of common knowledge in particular – starting in the 1980s.", "Roanoke College __knowledge__ Roanoke College is a private, coeducational, four-year liberal arts college located in Salem, Virginia, United States, a suburban independent city adjacent to Roanoke, Virginia.", "Roanoke College __knowledge__ Roanoke has approximately 2,000 students who represent approximately 40 states and 30 countries.", "Roanoke College __knowledge__ The college offers 35 majors, 57 minors and concentrations, and pre-professional programs in dentistry, engineering, law, medicine, ministry, nursing, pharmacy, and veterinary medicine.", "Roanoke College __knowledge__ Roanoke awards bachelor's degrees in arts, science, and business administration and is one of 280 colleges with a chapter of the Phi Beta Kappa honor society.", "Dynamic epistemic logic __knowledge__ Dynamic epistemic logic (DEL) is a logical framework dealing with knowledge and information change\".\"", "Dynamic epistemic logic __knowledge__ Typically, DEL focuses on situations involving multiple agents and studies how their knowledge changes when events occur.", "Dynamic epistemic logic __knowledge__ These events can change factual properties of the actual world (they are called \"ontic events\"): for example a red card is painted in blue.", "Dynamic epistemic logic __knowledge__ They can also bring about changes of knowledge without changing factual properties of the world (they are called \"epistemic events\"): for example a card is revealed publicly (or privately) to be red.", "Dynamic epistemic logic __knowledge__ Originally, DEL focused on epistemic events.", "Roanoke Region __knowledge__ The Roanoke Region is the area of the Commonwealth of Virginia surrounding the city of Roanoke.", "Roanoke Region __knowledge__ Its usage may refer to the metropolitan statistical area or the Roanoke Valley, but it sometimes includes areas in the Allegheny Mountains and New River Valley which includes Alleghany county, Montgomery county, Covington, Clifton Forge, Iron Gate, Blacksburg, Christiansburg, and Radford.", "Roanoke Region __knowledge__ Rarely, it may include Bedford County and Floyd County.", "Roanoke Region __knowledge__ The Roanoke Region, excluding communities in the New River Valley, has a population of 316,802.", "Roanoke Region __knowledge__ If including the New River Valley, its population is 475,130.", "Roanoke Region __knowledge__ Both the Roanoke Region and the Roanoke MSA are sometimes referred to as the Roanoke Valley (or Greater Roanoke Valley) and are often included in the NewVa region.", "List of neighborhoods in Roanoke, Virginia __knowledge__ This is a list of neighborhoods in Roanoke city, Virginia as defined and mapped by the city of Roanoke.", "List of neighborhoods in Roanoke, Virginia __knowledge__ The city has 49 officially designated neighborhoods within its city limits.", "List of neighborhoods in Roanoke, Virginia __knowledge__ Airport The Airport neighborhood is located in far, north, central Roanoke and is bound by Roanoke County, Airport Road, Hershberger Road, and Interstate 581.", "List of neighborhoods in Roanoke, Virginia __knowledge__ As the name would suggest, the primary feature of the neighborhood is the Roanoke Regional Airport, with most development being commercial in nature beginning with the opening of Crossroads Mall in 1961.", "List of neighborhoods in Roanoke, Virginia __knowledge__ Belmont Belmont is located in central Roanoke and is bound by the Norfolk Southern shops, 13th Street, Highland Avenue and Interstate 581.", "Roanoke Colony __knowledge__ The Roanoke Colony, also known as the Lost Colony, was established in 1585 on Roanoke Island in what is today's Dare County, North Carolina.", "Roanoke Colony __knowledge__ It was a late 16th-century attempt by Queen Elizabeth I to establish a permanent English settlement in North America.", "Roanoke Colony __knowledge__ The colony was founded by Sir Walter Raleigh.", "Roanoke Colony __knowledge__ The colonists disappeared during the Anglo-Spanish War, three years after the last shipment of supplies from England.", "Roanoke Colony __knowledge__ Their disappearance gave rise to the nickname \"The Lost Colony\".", "Roanoke Colony __knowledge__ There is no conclusive evidence as to what happened to the colonists.", "Roanoke Colony __knowledge__ The enterprise was originally financed and organized by Sir Humphrey Gilbert, who drowned in 1583 returning from a voyage to the fishing settlement at St. John's, Newfoundland.", "Native Americans in the United States __knowledge__ Native Americans, also known as American Indians, Indians, Indigenous Americans and other terms, are the indigenous peoples of the United States.", "Native Americans in the United States __knowledge__ There are over 500 federally recognized tribes within the U.S., about half of which are associated with Indian reservations.", "Native Americans in the United States __knowledge__ The term excludes Native Hawaiians and some Alaska Natives.", "Native Americans in the United States __knowledge__ The ancestors of modern Native Americans arrived in what is now the United States at least 15,000 years ago, possibly much longer, from Asia through Beringia.", "Native Americans in the United States __knowledge__ A vast variety of peoples, societies and cultures subsequently developed.", "Native Americans in the United States __knowledge__ Native Americans were greatly affected by the European colonization of the Americas, which began in 1492, and their population declined precipitously due to introduced diseases, warfare, and slavery.", "Native American disease and epidemics __knowledge__ European diseases and epidemics pervade many aspects of Native American life, both throughout history and in the present day.", "Native American disease and epidemics __knowledge__ Diseases and epidemics can be chronicled from centuries ago when European settlers brought forth diseases that devastated entire tribes.", "Native American disease and epidemics __knowledge__ This has even led to affect modern day Native Americans who continue to face serious struggles with particular diseases.", "Native American disease and epidemics __knowledge__ The current crises in diseases and epidemics are addressed by many different groups, both governmental and independent, and is done through a multitude of programs.", "Native American disease and epidemics __knowledge__ The arrival of Europeans also brought on the Columbian Exchange.", "Pontiac's War __knowledge__ Pontiac's War (also known as Pontiac's Conspiracy or Pontiac's Rebellion) was launched in 1763 by a loose confederation of elements of Native American tribes, primarily from the Great Lakes region, the Illinois Country, and Ohio Country who were dissatisfied with British postwar policies in the Great Lakes region after the British victory in the French and Indian War (1754–1763).", "Pontiac's War __knowledge__ Warriors from numerous tribes joined the uprising in an effort to drive British soldiers and settlers out of the region.", "Pontiac's War __knowledge__ The war is named after the Odawa leader Pontiac, the most prominent of many native leaders in the conflict.", "Manteo (Native American leader) __knowledge__ Manteo was a Native American Croatan Indian, the chief of a local tribe that befriended the English explorers who landed at Roanoke Island in 1584.", "Manteo (Native American leader) __knowledge__ In 1585 the English returned to Roanoke, arriving too late in the year to plant crops and harvest food, and Manteo helped the colonists make it through the harsh winter.", "Manteo (Native American leader) __knowledge__ He traveled to England on two occasions, in 1584 and 1585.", "Manteo (Native American leader) __knowledge__ After staying there, he was among those who sailed for the New World in 1587 along with Governor John White and his colonists, who founded the failed settlement later known as \"The Lost Colony\".", "Manteo (Native American leader) __knowledge__ On Sunday, August 13, 1587, Manteo was christened on Roanoke Island, making him the first Native American to be baptized into the Church of England.", "Cleveland Indians name and logo controversy __knowledge__ As part of the Native American mascot controversy, the Cleveland Indians logo, Chief Wahoo, has drawn particular criticism from some activist groups as an offensive racial caricature.", "Cleveland Indians name and logo controversy __knowledge__ However the use of \"Indians\" as the name of a team is also part of the controversy which has led over 115 activists groups to publish resolutions or policies that state that any use of Native American names and/or symbols by non-native sports teams is a harmful form of ethnic stereotyping that promote misunderstanding and prejudice which contributes to other problems faced by Native Americans.", "Cleveland Indians name and logo controversy __knowledge__ A few Native Americans have been protesting and taking other actions opposing the name and logo since the 1970s." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Virginia __knowledge__ Virginia (; officially the Commonwealth of Virginia) is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains.", "Virginia __knowledge__ Virginia is nicknamed the \"Old Dominion\" due to its status as the first English colonial possession established in mainland North America, and \"Mother of Presidents\" because eight U.S. presidents were born there, more than any other state.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The Commonwealth's estimated population is over 8.4 million.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The area's history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan.", "Virginia __knowledge__ In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony.", "Virginia __knowledge__ Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony's early politics and plantation economy.", "Virginia __knowledge__ Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution and joined the Confederacy in the American Civil War, during which Richmond was made the Confederate capital and Virginia's northwestern counties seceded to form the state of West Virginia.", "Roanoke, Virginia __knowledge__ Roanoke is an independent city in the U.S. state of Virginia.", "Roanoke, Virginia __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, the population was 97,032.", "Roanoke, Virginia __knowledge__ It is located in the Roanoke Valley of the Roanoke Region of Virginia.", "Roanoke, Virginia __knowledge__ Roanoke is the largest municipality in Southwest Virginia, and is the principal municipality of the Roanoke Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which had a 2010 population of 308,707.", "Roanoke, Virginia __knowledge__ It is composed of the independent cities of Roanoke and Salem, and Botetourt, Craig, Franklin, and Roanoke counties.", "Roanoke, Virginia __knowledge__ Bisected by the Roanoke River, Roanoke is the commercial and cultural hub of much of Southwest Virginia and portions of Southern West Virginia.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Roanoke College __knowledge__ Roanoke College is a private, coeducational, four-year liberal arts college located in Salem, Virginia, United States, a suburban independent city adjacent to Roanoke, Virginia.", "Roanoke College __knowledge__ Roanoke has approximately 2,000 students who represent approximately 40 states and 30 countries.", "Roanoke College __knowledge__ The college offers 35 majors, 57 minors and concentrations, and pre-professional programs in dentistry, engineering, law, medicine, ministry, nursing, pharmacy, and veterinary medicine.", "Roanoke College __knowledge__ Roanoke awards bachelor's degrees in arts, science, and business administration and is one of 280 colleges with a chapter of the Phi Beta Kappa honor society.", "List of neighborhoods in Roanoke, Virginia __knowledge__ This is a list of neighborhoods in Roanoke city, Virginia as defined and mapped by the city of Roanoke.", "List of neighborhoods in Roanoke, Virginia __knowledge__ The city has 49 officially designated neighborhoods within its city limits.", "List of neighborhoods in Roanoke, Virginia __knowledge__ Airport The Airport neighborhood is located in far, north, central Roanoke and is bound by Roanoke County, Airport Road, Hershberger Road, and Interstate 581.", "List of neighborhoods in Roanoke, Virginia __knowledge__ As the name would suggest, the primary feature of the neighborhood is the Roanoke Regional Airport, with most development being commercial in nature beginning with the opening of Crossroads Mall in 1961.", "List of neighborhoods in Roanoke, Virginia __knowledge__ Belmont Belmont is located in central Roanoke and is bound by the Norfolk Southern shops, 13th Street, Highland Avenue and Interstate 581.", "Roanoke Region __knowledge__ The Roanoke Region is the area of the Commonwealth of Virginia surrounding the city of Roanoke.", "Roanoke Region __knowledge__ Its usage may refer to the metropolitan statistical area or the Roanoke Valley, but it sometimes includes areas in the Allegheny Mountains and New River Valley which includes Alleghany county, Montgomery county, Covington, Clifton Forge, Iron Gate, Blacksburg, Christiansburg, and Radford.", "Roanoke Region __knowledge__ Rarely, it may include Bedford County and Floyd County.", "Roanoke Region __knowledge__ The Roanoke Region, excluding communities in the New River Valley, has a population of 316,802.", "Roanoke Region __knowledge__ If including the New River Valley, its population is 475,130.", "Roanoke Region __knowledge__ Both the Roanoke Region and the Roanoke MSA are sometimes referred to as the Roanoke Valley (or Greater Roanoke Valley) and are often included in the NewVa region.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (, lit: \"How many knots are left to untie?\")", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ is a Pakistani drama series, airs on Hum TV.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Created by Angeline Malik, the series is a sequel of the anthology series \"Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain\" (20112014).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It premiered on 30 October 2016 with a different cast and different story.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It revolves around a married couple, Saba (Hira Salman) and Kamran (Hassan Ahmed).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ They ask Jameela (servant) to give another servant duty if he/she is interested.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She suppresses Rozi (Ushna Shah).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Saba is strict with her servants especially with Rozi.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She drinks water in Saba's glass, to which JHOOTA BURTAN has been derived.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ North Carolina () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ It borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west, Virginia to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ North Carolina is the 28th most extensive and the 9th most populous of the U.S. states.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ The state is divided into 100 counties.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ The capital is Raleigh, which along with Durham is home to the largest research park in the United States (Research Triangle Park).", "North Carolina __knowledge__ The most populous municipality is Charlotte, which is the third largest banking center in the United States after New York City and San Francisco.", "Roanoke Colony __knowledge__ The Roanoke Colony, also known as the Lost Colony, was established in 1585 on Roanoke Island in what is today's Dare County, North Carolina.", "Roanoke Colony __knowledge__ It was a late 16th-century attempt by Queen Elizabeth I to establish a permanent English settlement in North America.", "Roanoke Colony __knowledge__ The colony was founded by Sir Walter Raleigh.", "Roanoke Colony __knowledge__ The colonists disappeared during the Anglo-Spanish War, three years after the last shipment of supplies from England.", "Roanoke Colony __knowledge__ Their disappearance gave rise to the nickname \"The Lost Colony\".", "Roanoke Colony __knowledge__ There is no conclusive evidence as to what happened to the colonists.", "Roanoke Colony __knowledge__ The enterprise was originally financed and organized by Sir Humphrey Gilbert, who drowned in 1583 returning from a voyage to the fishing settlement at St. John's, Newfoundland.", "History of North Carolina __knowledge__ The history of North Carolina from prehistory to the present covers the experiences of the people who have lived in the territory that now comprises the U.S. state of North Carolina.", "History of North Carolina __knowledge__ Before 200 AD, residents were building earthwork mounds, which were used for cooking and religious purposes.", "History of North Carolina __knowledge__ Succeeding peoples, including those of the ancient Mississippian culture established by 1000 AD in Piedmont, continued to build or add onto such mounds.", "History of North Carolina __knowledge__ In the 500–700 years preceding European contact, the Mississippian culture built large, complex cities and maintained far-flung regional trading networks.", "History of North Carolina __knowledge__ Historically documented tribes in the North Carolina region included the Carolina Algonquian]-speaking tribes of the coastal areas, such as the Chowanoke, Roanoke, Pamlico, Machapunga, Core, Cape Fear Indians, and others, who were the first encountered by the English; Iroquoian-speaking Meherrin, Cherokee and Tuscarora of the interior; and Southeastern Siouan tribes, such as the Cheraw, Waxhaw, Saponi, Waccamaw, and Catawba." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 8, 14, 33 ]

[ "Oh I know Virginia, isn't that state right between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains?", "No, I haven't visited Virginia, but I think I drove past there when heading to Pennsylvania one time.", "Yeah, I do want to. The history with England and the Native Americans fascinate me. I think Roanoke is there too?", "I may be mixing things up, the true Roanoke is in North Carolina. However, Virginia has a city called Roanoke! Interestingly enough, it's by a city called Salem.", "Oh is it? I'd have to visit! Maybe I will visit the Roanoke region and check things out!" ]

[ "Virginia", "Virginia", "Virginia", "Virginia", "Virginia" ]

[ "Cut of beef\nI love beef. What is your favorite type?", "definetly a good choice. I also love a good roast beef, with potatoes and carrots. yummy", "I haven't heard of having roast for christmas dinner but that sounds great to me", "We always have turkey and lots and lots of other food. My mom always decorates the whole house and it looks beautiful" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ Cuts of beef are first divided into primal cuts, pieces of meat initially separated from the carcass during butchering.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ These are basic sections from which steaks and other subdivisions are cut.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ The term \"primal cut\" is quite different from \"prime cut\", used to characterize cuts considered to be of higher quality.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ Since the animal's legs and neck muscles do the most work, they are the toughest; the meat becomes more tender as distance from \"hoof and horn\" increases.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ Different countries and cuisines have different cuts and names, and sometimes use the same name for a different cut; e.g., the cut described as \"brisket\" in the US is from a significantly different part of the carcass than British brisket.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ \"Cut\" often refers narrowly to skeletal muscle (sometimes attached to bones), but can also include other edible flesh, such as offal (organ meat) or bones without significant muscles attached.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ The following is a list of the American primal cuts, and cuts derived from them.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ Beef carcasses are split along the axis of symmetry into \"halves\", then across into front and back \"quarters\" (forequarters and hindquarters).", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ Canada uses identical cut names (and numbering) as the U.S, with the exception of the \"round\" which is called the \"hip\".", "Winx (horse) __knowledge__ Winx (foaled 14 September 2011) is a champion Australian Thoroughbred racehorse.", "Winx (horse) __knowledge__ Starting in May 2015, she has won 22 consecutive stakes races at distances ranging from 1300 metres (roughly furlongs) to 2200 metres (roughly 11 furlongs).", "Winx (horse) __knowledge__ In the World's Best Racehorse Rankings, she was the second-ranked filly or mare in 2015, improving in 2016 to become both the world's top-ranked filly or mare and the world's top-ranked turf horse.", "Winx (horse) __knowledge__ She retained this ranking in 2017, when she was also inducted to the Australian Racing Hall of Fame, only the third horse to earn this honour while still in training.", "Soldier (Destiny's Child song) __knowledge__ \"Soldier\" is a song by American girl group Destiny's Child, featuring American rappers T.I.", "Soldier (Destiny's Child song) __knowledge__ and Lil Wayne, from Destiny's Child's fourth studio album \"Destiny Fulfilled\" (2004).", "Soldier (Destiny's Child song) __knowledge__ Columbia Records released \"Soldier\" as the second single from \"Destiny Fulfilled\" on December 7, 2004.", "Soldier (Destiny's Child song) __knowledge__ The trio, Beyoncé Knowles, Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams, co-wrote the song with Sean Garrett and Rich Harrison; the latter co-produced it with Knowles.", "Soldier (Destiny's Child song) __knowledge__ A Southern hip hop mid-tempo song, it lyrically describes each member's favorite type of male love interest.", "Soldier (Destiny's Child song) __knowledge__ \"Soldier\" received mostly positive reviews from music critics, who praised its composition and the trio's vocal performances, but criticized the lyrical content.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "TBARS __knowledge__ Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances - TBARS - are formed as a byproduct of lipid peroxidation (i.e.", "TBARS __knowledge__ as degradation products of fats) which can be detected by the TBARS assay using thiobarbituric acid as a reagent.", "TBARS __knowledge__ Because reactive oxygen species (ROS) have extremely short half-lives, they are difficult to measure directly.", "TBARS __knowledge__ Instead, what can be measured are several products of the damage produced by oxidative stress, such as TBARS.", "TBARS __knowledge__ Assay of TBARS measures malondialdehyde (MDA) present in the sample, as well as malondialdehyde generated from lipid hydroperoxides by the hydrolytic conditions of the reaction.", "Pink slime __knowledge__ \"Pink slime\" (a derogatory term for lean finely textured beef or LFTB, finely textured beef, and boneless lean beef trimmings or BLBT) is a meat by-product used as a food additive to ground beef and beef-based processed meats, as a filler, or to reduce the overall fat content of ground beef.", "Pink slime __knowledge__ In the production process, heat and centrifuges remove fat from the meat in beef trimmings.", "Pink slime __knowledge__ The resulting paste is exposed to ammonia gas or citric acid to kill bacteria.", "Pink slime __knowledge__ In 2001, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) approved the product for limited human consumption.", "Pink slime __knowledge__ LFTB prepared using ammonia gas is banned for human consumption in Canada and the European Union.", "Cattle slaughter in India __knowledge__ Cattle slaughter is a controversial topic in India because of the cattle's traditional status as an endeared and respected living being to many in Hinduism, Sikhism, Jainism and Buddhism, in contrast to cattle being considered as an acceptable source of meat by many in Islam, Christianity as well as some adherents of Indian religions.", "Cattle slaughter in India __knowledge__ More specifically, the cow's slaughter has been shunned because of a number of reasons such as being associated with god Krishna in Hinduism, cattle being respected as an integral part of rural livelihoods and an essential economic necessity.", "Cattle slaughter in India __knowledge__ Historically, cattle slaughter has also been opposed by various Indian religions because of the ethical principle of Ahimsa (non-violence) and the belief in the unity of all life.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Dog meat is the flesh and other edible parts derived from dogs.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Historically, human consumption of dog meat has been recorded in many parts of the world, including East and Southeast Asia, West Africa, Europe, Oceania and the Americas.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ In the 21st century, dog meat is consumed in many parts of China, Korea, and Vietnam.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Some cultures view the consumption of dog meat as part of their traditional and day-to-day cuisine, while other cultures consider consumption of dog meat a taboo, although they have been consumed in times of war or other hardships.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ It was estimated in 2014 that worldwide, 25 million dogs are eaten each year by humans." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ Cuts of beef are first divided into primal cuts, pieces of meat initially separated from the carcass during butchering.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ These are basic sections from which steaks and other subdivisions are cut.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ The term \"primal cut\" is quite different from \"prime cut\", used to characterize cuts considered to be of higher quality.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ Since the animal's legs and neck muscles do the most work, they are the toughest; the meat becomes more tender as distance from \"hoof and horn\" increases.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ Different countries and cuisines have different cuts and names, and sometimes use the same name for a different cut; e.g., the cut described as \"brisket\" in the US is from a significantly different part of the carcass than British brisket.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ \"Cut\" often refers narrowly to skeletal muscle (sometimes attached to bones), but can also include other edible flesh, such as offal (organ meat) or bones without significant muscles attached.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ The following is a list of the American primal cuts, and cuts derived from them.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ Beef carcasses are split along the axis of symmetry into \"halves\", then across into front and back \"quarters\" (forequarters and hindquarters).", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ Canada uses identical cut names (and numbering) as the U.S, with the exception of the \"round\" which is called the \"hip\".", "Christmas dinner __knowledge__ Christmas dinner is a meal traditionally eaten at Christmas.", "Christmas dinner __knowledge__ This meal can take place any time from the evening of Christmas Eve to the evening of Christmas Day itself.", "Christmas dinner __knowledge__ The meals are often particularly rich and substantial, in the tradition of the Christian feast day celebration, and form a significant part of gatherings held to celebrate Christmas.", "Christmas dinner __knowledge__ In some cases, there is a ritual element to the meal related to the religious celebration.", "Christmas dinner __knowledge__ The actual meal consumed varies in different parts of the world with regional cuisines and local traditions.", "Christmas dinner __knowledge__ In many parts of the world, particularly former British colonies, the meal shares some connection with the English Christmas dinner involving roasted meats and pudding of some description.", "Achewood __knowledge__ Achewood is a webcomic created by Chris Onstad in 2001.", "Achewood __knowledge__ It portrays the lives of a group of anthropomorphic stuffed toys, robots, and pets.", "Achewood __knowledge__ Many of the characters live together in the home of their owner, Chris, at the fictional address of 62 Achewood Court.", "Achewood __knowledge__ The events of the strip mostly take place in and around the house, as well as around the town of Achewood, the fictional suburb which gives its name to the comic.", "Achewood __knowledge__ The comic's humor is most often absurdist, typically lacking a traditional set punchline, and very often moves to the highly surreal.", "Achewood __knowledge__ The world of the strip is expansive, featuring many major and minor characters with detailed backstories, and often references previous events, making it an ongoing narrative.", "Aiken Drum __knowledge__ \"Aiken Drum\" is a popular Scottish folk song and nursery rhyme, which probably has its origins in a Jacobite song about the Battle of Sheriffmuir (1715).", "Aiken Drum __knowledge__ It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 2571.", "Aiken Drum __knowledge__ Modern versions of the lyrics include: There was a man lived in the moon, lived in the moon, lived in the moon, There was a man lived in the moon, And his name was Aiken Drum.", "Aiken Drum __knowledge__ \"Chorus\" And he played upon a ladle, a ladle, a ladle, And he played upon a ladle, and his name was Aiken Drum.", "Aiken Drum __knowledge__ And his hat was made of good cream cheese, of good cream cheese, of good cream cheese, And his hat was made of good cream cheese, And his name was Aiken Drum.", "Sunday roast __knowledge__ The Sunday roast is a traditional British main meal that is typically served on Sunday (hence the name), consisting of roasted meat, roast potato, and accompaniments such as Yorkshire pudding, stuffing, vegetables and gravy.", "Sunday roast __knowledge__ Vegetables such as roast parsnips, Brussels sprouts, peas, carrots, runner beans, and broccoli are included and can be cooked in different styles; for example, cauliflower or leeks accompanied by a cheddar cheese sauce are popular, in addition to gravy.", "Sunday roast __knowledge__ The Sunday roast is also popular in many parts of Ireland, especially in most of Ulster (chiefly in Northern Ireland and County Donegal).", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas traditions vary from country to country.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas celebrations for many nations include the installing and lighting of Christmas trees, the hanging of Advent wreaths, Christmas stockings, candy canes, and the creation of Nativity scenes depicting the birth of Jesus Christ.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas carols may be sung and stories told about such figures as the Baby Jesus, St Nicholas, Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Christkind or Grandfather Frost.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ The sending and exchange of Christmas card greetings, observance of fasting and special religious observances such as a midnight Mass or Vespers on Christmas Eve, the burning of a Yule log, and the giving and receiving of presents.", "Roast beef sandwich __knowledge__ The roast beef sandwich is a sandwich that is made out of sliced roast beef or sometimes beef loaf.", "Roast beef sandwich __knowledge__ It is sold at many diners in the United States, as well as fast food chains, such as Arby's and Roy Rogers Restaurants.", "Roast beef sandwich __knowledge__ This style of sandwich often comes on a hamburger bun and may be topped with barbecue sauce and/or melted American cheese.", "Roast beef sandwich __knowledge__ The roast beef sandwich also commonly comprises bread, cold roast beef (either the leftovers from a homemade dinner or deli meat), lettuce, tomatoes, and mustard, although it would not be uncommon to find cheese, horseradish, fresh/powdered chili pepper and even in some cases red onion.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ English cuisine encompasses the cooking styles, traditions and recipes associated with England.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ It has distinctive attributes of its own, but also shares much with wider British cuisine, partly through the importation of ingredients and ideas from North America, China, and India during the time of the British Empire and as a result of post-war immigration.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional meals have ancient origins, such as bread and cheese, roasted and stewed meats, meat and game pies, boiled vegetables and broths, and freshwater and saltwater fish.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ The 14th-century English cookbook, the \"Forme of Cury\", contains recipes for these, and dates from the royal court of Richard II.", "Steak __knowledge__ A steak () is a meat generally sliced across the muscle fibers, potentially including a bone.", "Steak __knowledge__ Exceptions, in which the meat is sliced parallel to the fibers, include the skirt steak that is cut from the plate, the flank steak that is cut from the abdominal muscles, and the famous Silverfinger steak that is cut from the loin and includes three rib bones.", "Steak __knowledge__ When the word \"steak\" is used without qualification, it generally refers to a beefsteak.", "Steak __knowledge__ In a larger sense, there are also fish steaks, ground meat steaks, pork steak and many more varieties of steaks.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are usually grilled, but they can be pan-fried, or broiled.", "Barbecue grill __knowledge__ A barbecue grill is a device that cooks food by applying heat from below.", "Barbecue grill __knowledge__ There are several varieties of grills, with most falling into one of two categories: gas-fueled or charcoal.", "Barbecue grill __knowledge__ There is debate over which method yields superior results.", "Barbecue grill __knowledge__ Grilling has existed in the Americas since pre-Colonial times.", "Barbecue grill __knowledge__ The Arawak people of South America roasted meat on a wooden structure called a barbacoa in Spanish.", "Barbecue grill __knowledge__ For centuries, the term \"barbacoa\" referred to the wooden structure and not the act of grilling, but it was eventually modified to \"barbecue.\"", "Barbecue grill __knowledge__ It was also applied to the pit-style cooking techniques now frequently used in the Southeastern United States.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ The following is a list of episodes for the reality television series \"The Great Food Truck Race\" on Food Network.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ There are seven truck teams competing in the race for a grand prize of $50,000.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Each truck team consists of a driver and two crew members who must staff the truck and are responsible for cooking, shopping, orders and publicity.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Every week they start off with no food to make things fair for all the teams who must make do with whatever cash Tyler Florence provides (seed money) at the start of each episode, in each new city.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ The trucks all convene in Los Angeles.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Austin Daily Press – This team from Austin, Texas serves hot, grilled sandwiches.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ Barbecue varies by the type of meat, sauce, rub, or other flavorings used, the point in barbecuing at which they are added, the role smoke plays, the equipment and fuel used, cooking temperature, and cooking time.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The meat may be ground, for hamburgers, or processed into sausage or kebabs.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The meat may be marinated or rubbed with spices before cooking, basted with a sauce or oil before, during or after cooking, or any combination of these.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The word \"braaivleis\" (; ) is Afrikaans for grilled meat.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The word \"braai\" (plural \"braais\") is Afrikaans for barbecue or grill and is a social custom in South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Malawi.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ Steak 'n Shake is an American casual restaurant chain located primarily in the Midwestern and Southern United States with locations also in the Mid-Atlantic and Western United States, Europe, and the Middle East.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ Steak 'n Shake Operations, Inc. is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ There are 544 locations, of which 417 are company-operated and 127 are franchised.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ Typical restaurant locations have sit-down, drive-thru and front-window service, resulting in a hybrid of fast-food to-go service and diner-style sit-down service.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ Many Steak 'n Shake restaurants are open 24 hours a day, seven days per week.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination.", "British Rail Class 129 __knowledge__ The Class 129 was a class of single-car Diesel Multiple Unit built in 1955 for British Rail.", "British Rail Class 129 __knowledge__ Only three were built by Cravens and were introduced in 1958.", "British Rail Class 129 __knowledge__ The class was built for parcels traffic like the Class 128.", "British Rail Class 129 __knowledge__ One unit (55997) survived into departmental service being named 'Hydra'.", "British Rail Class 129 __knowledge__ The driving ends of a Class 129 car bore a visible similarity to that of the British Rail Class 105, also built by Cravens.", "British Rail Class 129 __knowledge__ One unit, M55997, was converted as a test bed for hydrostatic drive in 1980, was renumbered RDB 975385, and named \"Laboratory 9 ‘Hydra’\".", "British Rail Class 129 __knowledge__ It was fitted hydrostatic transmission having the normal Leyland 680 six cylinder engine driving two Rexroth Hydramatic axial piston pumps." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ Cuts of beef are first divided into primal cuts, pieces of meat initially separated from the carcass during butchering.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ These are basic sections from which steaks and other subdivisions are cut.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ The term \"primal cut\" is quite different from \"prime cut\", used to characterize cuts considered to be of higher quality.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ Since the animal's legs and neck muscles do the most work, they are the toughest; the meat becomes more tender as distance from \"hoof and horn\" increases.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ Different countries and cuisines have different cuts and names, and sometimes use the same name for a different cut; e.g., the cut described as \"brisket\" in the US is from a significantly different part of the carcass than British brisket.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ \"Cut\" often refers narrowly to skeletal muscle (sometimes attached to bones), but can also include other edible flesh, such as offal (organ meat) or bones without significant muscles attached.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ The following is a list of the American primal cuts, and cuts derived from them.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ Beef carcasses are split along the axis of symmetry into \"halves\", then across into front and back \"quarters\" (forequarters and hindquarters).", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ Canada uses identical cut names (and numbering) as the U.S, with the exception of the \"round\" which is called the \"hip\".", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas traditions vary from country to country.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas celebrations for many nations include the installing and lighting of Christmas trees, the hanging of Advent wreaths, Christmas stockings, candy canes, and the creation of Nativity scenes depicting the birth of Jesus Christ.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas carols may be sung and stories told about such figures as the Baby Jesus, St Nicholas, Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Christkind or Grandfather Frost.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ The sending and exchange of Christmas card greetings, observance of fasting and special religious observances such as a midnight Mass or Vespers on Christmas Eve, the burning of a Yule log, and the giving and receiving of presents.", "Christmas dinner __knowledge__ Christmas dinner is a meal traditionally eaten at Christmas.", "Christmas dinner __knowledge__ This meal can take place any time from the evening of Christmas Eve to the evening of Christmas Day itself.", "Christmas dinner __knowledge__ The meals are often particularly rich and substantial, in the tradition of the Christian feast day celebration, and form a significant part of gatherings held to celebrate Christmas.", "Christmas dinner __knowledge__ In some cases, there is a ritual element to the meal related to the religious celebration.", "Christmas dinner __knowledge__ The actual meal consumed varies in different parts of the world with regional cuisines and local traditions.", "Christmas dinner __knowledge__ In many parts of the world, particularly former British colonies, the meal shares some connection with the English Christmas dinner involving roasted meats and pudding of some description.", "Serbian Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Serbian Christmas traditions are customs and practices of the Serbs associated with Christmas and a period encompassing it, between the third Sunday before Christmas Day and Epiphany.", "Serbian Christmas traditions __knowledge__ There are many, complex traditions connected with this period.", "Serbian Christmas traditions __knowledge__ They vary from place to place, and in many areas have been updated or watered down to suit modern living.", "Serbian Christmas traditions __knowledge__ The Serbian name for Christmas is \"Božić\" (Cyrillic: Божић, ), which is the diminutive form of the word \"bog\" (\"god\"), and can be translated as \"young god\".", "Serbian Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas is celebrated for three consecutive days, starting with Christmas Day, which the Serbs call the first day of Christmas.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture and education are important aspects of British culture.", "Sunday roast __knowledge__ The Sunday roast is a traditional British main meal that is typically served on Sunday (hence the name), consisting of roasted meat, roast potato, and accompaniments such as Yorkshire pudding, stuffing, vegetables and gravy.", "Sunday roast __knowledge__ Vegetables such as roast parsnips, Brussels sprouts, peas, carrots, runner beans, and broccoli are included and can be cooked in different styles; for example, cauliflower or leeks accompanied by a cheddar cheese sauce are popular, in addition to gravy.", "Sunday roast __knowledge__ The Sunday roast is also popular in many parts of Ireland, especially in most of Ulster (chiefly in Northern Ireland and County Donegal).", "The Long Christmas Dinner (opera) __knowledge__ The Long Christmas Dinner is an opera in one act by Paul Hindemith, with an English libretto by Thornton Wilder based on his play of the same name.", "The Long Christmas Dinner (opera) __knowledge__ Wilder collaborated with the composer in order to make the text work effectively with the music.", "The Long Christmas Dinner (opera) __knowledge__ It was arranged for chamber orchestra and used a harpsichord.", "The Long Christmas Dinner (opera) __knowledge__ It was first performed in the original English on 13 March 1963, at the Juilliard School of Music, New York under the direction of the composer.", "The Long Christmas Dinner (opera) __knowledge__ A digital recording of the work on the Wergo label was performed in the German language; Hindemith himself provided the translation of the English libretto into German.", "Culture of England __knowledge__ The culture of England is defined by the idiosyncratic cultural norms of England and the English people.", "Culture of England __knowledge__ Owing to England's influential position within the United Kingdom it can sometimes be difficult to differentiate English culture from the culture of the United Kingdom as a whole.", "Culture of England __knowledge__ However, since Anglo-Saxon times, England has had its own unique culture, apart from Welsh or Scottish culture.", "Culture of England __knowledge__ English architecture begins with the architecture of the Anglo-Saxons.", "Culture of England __knowledge__ At least fifty surviving English churches are of Anglo-Saxon origin, although in some cases the Anglo-Saxon part is small and much-altered." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ Cuts of beef are first divided into primal cuts, pieces of meat initially separated from the carcass during butchering.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ These are basic sections from which steaks and other subdivisions are cut.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ The term \"primal cut\" is quite different from \"prime cut\", used to characterize cuts considered to be of higher quality.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ Since the animal's legs and neck muscles do the most work, they are the toughest; the meat becomes more tender as distance from \"hoof and horn\" increases.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ Different countries and cuisines have different cuts and names, and sometimes use the same name for a different cut; e.g., the cut described as \"brisket\" in the US is from a significantly different part of the carcass than British brisket.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ \"Cut\" often refers narrowly to skeletal muscle (sometimes attached to bones), but can also include other edible flesh, such as offal (organ meat) or bones without significant muscles attached.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ The following is a list of the American primal cuts, and cuts derived from them.", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ Beef carcasses are split along the axis of symmetry into \"halves\", then across into front and back \"quarters\" (forequarters and hindquarters).", "Cut of beef __knowledge__ Canada uses identical cut names (and numbering) as the U.S, with the exception of the \"round\" which is called the \"hip\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas traditions vary from country to country.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas celebrations for many nations include the installing and lighting of Christmas trees, the hanging of Advent wreaths, Christmas stockings, candy canes, and the creation of Nativity scenes depicting the birth of Jesus Christ.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas carols may be sung and stories told about such figures as the Baby Jesus, St Nicholas, Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Christkind or Grandfather Frost.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ The sending and exchange of Christmas card greetings, observance of fasting and special religious observances such as a midnight Mass or Vespers on Christmas Eve, the burning of a Yule log, and the giving and receiving of presents.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of \"The Biggest Loser\" which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season was also the last for host Alison Sweeney to focus on other projects.", "House of Lords __knowledge__ The House of Lords of the United Kingdom, also known as the House of Peers, is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.", "House of Lords __knowledge__ Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster.", "House of Lords __knowledge__ Officially, the full name of the house is the Right Honourable the Lords Spiritual and Temporal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled.", "House of Lords __knowledge__ Unlike the elected House of Commons, all members of the House of Lords (excluding 90 hereditary peers elected among themselves and two peers who are \"ex officio\" members) are appointed.", "House of Lords __knowledge__ The membership of the House of Lords is drawn from the peerage and is made up of Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" in 2017, by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ All characters are introduced by the show's executive producer Sean O'Connor or, from 27 November, his successor as executive consultant, John Yorke.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ The first character to be introduced was Keegan Baker (Zack Morris), a friend of Shakil Kazemi (Shaheen Jafargholi), followed by Emerald Fox (Doña Croll), the mother of Denise Fox (Diane Parish) and Kim Fox-Hubbard (Tameka Empson).", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ Madison Drake (Seraphina Beh), Alexandra D'Costa (Sydney Craven) and Travis Law-Hughes (Alex James-Phelps), three new teenage characters, were also introduced in January as well as their school teacher Mr Gethin Pryce (Cerith Flinn) and Hugo Browning (Simon Williams), the chairman of Weyland & Co.", "National Christmas Tree (United States) __knowledge__ The National Christmas Tree is a large evergreen tree located in the northeast quadrant of The Ellipse near the White House in Washington, D.C. Each year since 1923, the tree has been decorated as a Christmas tree.", "National Christmas Tree (United States) __knowledge__ Every early December, the tree is traditionally lit by the President of the United States.", "National Christmas Tree (United States) __knowledge__ Every president since Franklin D. Roosevelt has made formal remarks during the tree lighting ceremony.", "National Christmas Tree (United States) __knowledge__ Since 1954, the event has marked the start of month-long festivities known as the Pageant of Peace.", "National Christmas Tree (United States) __knowledge__ Smaller trees representing the U.S. states, District of Columbia, and the five territories around the National Christmas Tree are referred to as the Pathway to Peace.", "Christmas tree __knowledge__ A Christmas tree is a decorated tree, usually an evergreen conifer such as spruce, pine, or fir or an artificial tree of similar appearance, associated with the celebration of Christmas.", "Christmas tree __knowledge__ The modern Christmas tree was developed in medieval Livonia (present-day Estonia and Latvia) and early modern Germany, where devout Christians brought decorated trees into their homes.", "Christmas tree __knowledge__ It acquired popularity beyond the Lutheran areas of Germany and the Baltic countries during the second half of the 19th century, at first among the upper classes.", "Christmas tree __knowledge__ The tree was traditionally decorated with \"roses made of colored paper, apples, wafers, tinsel, [and] sweetmeats\".", "Christmas tree cultivation __knowledge__ Christmas tree cultivation is an agricultural, forestry, and horticultural occupation which involves growing pine, spruce, and fir trees specifically for use as Christmas trees.", "Christmas tree cultivation __knowledge__ The first Christmas tree farm was established in 1901, but most consumers continued to obtain their trees from forests until the 1930s and 1940s.", "Christmas tree cultivation __knowledge__ Christmas tree farming was once seen only as a viable alternative for low-quality farmland, but that perception has changed within the agriculture industry.", "Christmas tree cultivation __knowledge__ For optimum yield and quality, land should be flat or gently rolling and relatively free of debris and undergrowth.", "Christmas tree cultivation __knowledge__ A wide variety of pine and fir species are grown as Christmas trees, although a handful of varieties stand out in popularity.", "Christmas lights __knowledge__ Christmas lights (also known as fairy lights) are lights used for decoration in celebration of Christmas, often on display throughout the Christmas season including Advent and Christmastide.", "Christmas lights __knowledge__ The custom goes back to when Christmas trees were decorated with candles, which symbolized Christ being the light of the world; these were brought by Christians into their homes in early modern Germany.", "Christmas lights __knowledge__ Christmas trees displayed publicly and illuminated with electric lights became popular in the early 20th century.", "Christmas lights __knowledge__ By the mid-20th century, it became customary to display strings of electric lights as along streets and on buildings; Christmas decorations detached from the Christmas tree itself.", "Christmas __knowledge__ Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed primarily on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world.", "Christmas __knowledge__ A feast central to the Christian liturgical year, it is preceded by the season of Advent or the Nativity Fast and initiates the season of Christmastide, which historically in the West lasts twelve days and culminates on Twelfth Night; in some traditions, Christmastide includes an octave.", "Christmas __knowledge__ Christmas Day is a public holiday in many of the world's nations, is celebrated religiously by a majority of Christians, as well as culturally by many non-Christians, and forms an integral part of the holiday season centered around it.", "Christmas in the post-war United States __knowledge__ Christmas in the United States during the post-war years (1946–1964) reflected a period of peace, productivity, and prosperity.", "Christmas in the post-war United States __knowledge__ Americans staged sumptuous Christmases and enjoyed a variety of holiday foods unknown to previous generations.", "Christmas in the post-war United States __knowledge__ Several films, foods, toys, and television programs of the era have become American Christmas traditions.", "Christmas in the post-war United States __knowledge__ Once reliant upon Germany for its ornaments, toys, and even its Christmas customs, America became self-sufficient in the post-War years with Christmas ornaments and toys being manufactured in the United States that were considerably less expensive than their German counterparts." ] ]

[ 0, 13, 11, 63 ]

[ "I love a good steak on the grill.", "Roast makes me think of Christmas dinner.", "Its a tradition for my family just like having a big Christmas tree with a lot of lights!", "Christmas is my favorite holiday because it brings my whole family together. What is your favorite holiday?" ]

[ "Cut of beef", "Cut of beef", "Cut of beef", "Cut of beef" ]

[ "Height", "My height is 5'9. Where did the term height come from?", "Who is the tallest person in the world?", "What can you information can you gain about a person just from their height?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Height __knowledge__ Height is the measure of vertical distance, either how \"tall\" something or someone is, or how \"high\" the position is.", "Height __knowledge__ For example \"The height of that building is 50 m\" or \"The height of an airplane is about 10,000 m\".", "Height __knowledge__ When the term is used to describe how high something like an airplane or a mountain peak is from sea level, height is more often called \"altitude\".", "Height __knowledge__ In a cartesian space, height is measured along the vertical axis (y) between a specific point and another that does not have the same y-value.", "Height __knowledge__ If both points happen to have the same y-value, then their relative height equals to zero.", "Height __knowledge__ English \"high\" is derived from Old English \"hēah\", ultimately from Proto-Germanic *\"xauxa-z\", from a PIE base \"*keuk-\".", "Height __knowledge__ The derived noun \"height\", also the obsolete forms \"heighth\" and \"highth\", is from Old English \"híehþo\", later \"héahþu\", as it were from Proto-Germanic \"*xaux-iþa\".", "Height __knowledge__ In elementary models of space, height may indicate the third dimension, the other two being length and width.", "Height __knowledge__ Height is normal to the plane formed by the length and width.", "Height __knowledge__ Height is also used as a name for some more abstract definitions.", "Height __knowledge__ These include: among other uses in commutative algebra and representation theory." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Height __knowledge__ Height is the measure of vertical distance, either how \"tall\" something or someone is, or how \"high\" the position is.", "Height __knowledge__ For example \"The height of that building is 50 m\" or \"The height of an airplane is about 10,000 m\".", "Height __knowledge__ When the term is used to describe how high something like an airplane or a mountain peak is from sea level, height is more often called \"altitude\".", "Height __knowledge__ In a cartesian space, height is measured along the vertical axis (y) between a specific point and another that does not have the same y-value.", "Height __knowledge__ If both points happen to have the same y-value, then their relative height equals to zero.", "Height __knowledge__ English \"high\" is derived from Old English \"hēah\", ultimately from Proto-Germanic *\"xauxa-z\", from a PIE base \"*keuk-\".", "Height __knowledge__ The derived noun \"height\", also the obsolete forms \"heighth\" and \"highth\", is from Old English \"híehþo\", later \"héahþu\", as it were from Proto-Germanic \"*xaux-iþa\".", "Height __knowledge__ In elementary models of space, height may indicate the third dimension, the other two being length and width.", "Height __knowledge__ Height is normal to the plane formed by the length and width.", "Height __knowledge__ Height is also used as a name for some more abstract definitions.", "Height __knowledge__ These include: among other uses in commutative algebra and representation theory.", "MC Hammer __knowledge__ Stanley Kirk Burrell (born March 30, 1962), better known by his stage name MC Hammer, is an American hip hop recording artist, dancer, record producer and entrepreneur.", "MC Hammer __knowledge__ He had his greatest commercial success and popularity from the late 1980s, until the early 1990s.", "MC Hammer __knowledge__ Remembered for his rapid rise to fame, Hammer is known for hit records (such as \"U Can't Touch This\" and \"2 Legit 2 Quit\"), flashy dance movements, choreography and eponymous Hammer pants.", "MC Hammer __knowledge__ A multi-award winner, M.C.", "MC Hammer __knowledge__ Hammer is considered a \"forefather/pioneer\" and innovator of pop rap (incorporating elements of ), and is the first hip hop artist to achieve diamond status for an album.", "ISO 6709 __knowledge__ ISO 6709 \"Standard representation of geographic point location by coordinates\" is the international standard for representation of latitude, longitude and altitude for geographic point locations.", "ISO 6709 __knowledge__ The first edition (ISO 6709:1983) was developed by ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32.", "ISO 6709 __knowledge__ Later the standard was transferred to ISO/TC211, \"Geographic information/Geomatics\" in 2001.", "ISO 6709 __knowledge__ The committee completely revised the second edition (ISO 6709:2008).", "ISO 6709 __knowledge__ There was a short technical corrigendum (ISO 6709:2008/Cor 1:2009) released in 2009.", "ISO 6709 __knowledge__ The second edition consists of a main part and eight annexes (Annexes A through H).", "ISO 6709 __knowledge__ The main part and Annexes A and C give encoding-independent general rules to define items to specify geographic point(s).", "Proton Persona (BH) __knowledge__ The Proton Persona (BH), codenamed P2-31A is a B-segment saloon engineered by Malaysian automobile manufacturer Proton.", "Proton Persona (BH) __knowledge__ The BH series represents the third and latest generation in the Proton Persona lineage.", "Proton Persona (BH) __knowledge__ It was unveiled on 23 August 2016 as the successor to the CM Persona.", "Proton Persona (BH) __knowledge__ The BH Persona is based on an extended Proton Iriz platform and shares the latter's 1.6-litre VVT engine and basic structure, but its exterior design has been completely re-engineered to give it a distinct persona.", "Proton Persona (BH) __knowledge__ The interior of the BH Persona is largely unchanged over the Iriz, with the main exception of the new two-tier colour scheme.", "Height of land __knowledge__ The term height of land is a phrase used in Canada and the United States to refer to the divide between two drainage basins.", "Height of land __knowledge__ Height of land is frequently used in border descriptions, which are set according to the \"doctrine of natural boundaries\".", "Height of land __knowledge__ In glaciated areas it often refers to a low point on a divide where it is possible to portage a canoe from one river system to another.", "Height of land __knowledge__ The name is enshrined at the Height of Land Portage which joins the Great Lakes to the rivers of western Canada.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "Human height __knowledge__ Human height or stature is the distance from the bottom of the feet to the top of the head in a human body, standing erect.", "Human height __knowledge__ It is measured using a stadiometer, usually in centimetres when using the metric system, or feet and inches when using the imperial system.", "Human height __knowledge__ A particular genetic profile in men called Y haplotype I-M170 is correlated with height.", "Human height __knowledge__ Ecological data shows that as the frequency of this genetic profile increases in the population, the average male height in a country also increases.", "Human height __knowledge__ When populations share genetic background and environmental factors, average height is frequently characteristic within the group.", "Graham Branch __knowledge__ Graham Branch (born 12 February 1972 in Liverpool, England) is a retired footballer who played the majority of his career for English Championship side Burnley.", "Graham Branch __knowledge__ A childhood Liverpool fan, he started his footballing career across the River Mersey as a trainee with Tranmere Rovers.", "Graham Branch __knowledge__ Having made 109 appearances for them, with loan deals at Bury and Wigan Athletic along the way, he was released on a free transfer to Stockport County for the beginning of the 1998–99 season, and quickly arrived at Burnley in January 1999, signed by the colourful manager Stan Ternent, following a falling-out with then Stockport manager, Gary Megson.", "Dell M1000e __knowledge__ The Dell blade server products are built around their M1000e enclosure that can hold their server blades, an embedded EqualLogic iSCSI storage area network and I/O modules including Ethernet, Fibre Channel and InfiniBand switches.", "Dell M1000e __knowledge__ The M1000e fits in a 19-inch rack and is 10 rack units high (44 cm), 17.6\" (44.7 cm) wide and 29.7\" (75.4 cm) deep.", "Dell M1000e __knowledge__ The empty blade enclosure weighs 44.5 kg while a fully loaded system can weigh up to 178.8 kg.", "Dell M1000e __knowledge__ On the front the servers are inserted while at the backside the power-supplies, fans and I/O modules are inserted together with the management modules(s) (CMC or chassis management controller) and the KVM switch.", "Tree height measurement __knowledge__ Tree height is the vertical distance between the base of the tree and the tip of the highest branch on the tree, and is difficult to measure accurately.", "Tree height measurement __knowledge__ It is not the same as the length of the trunk.", "Tree height measurement __knowledge__ If a tree is leaning, the trunk length may be greater than the height of the tree.", "Tree height measurement __knowledge__ The base of the tree is where the projection of the pith (center) of the tree intersects the existing supporting surface upon which the tree is growing or where the acorn sprouted.", "Tree height measurement __knowledge__ If the tree is growing on the side of a cliff, the base of the tree is at the point where the pith would intersect the cliff side.", "Tree height measurement __knowledge__ Roots extending down from that point would not add to the height of the tree.", "Height in sports __knowledge__ Height can significantly influence success in sports, depending on how the design of the sport is linked to factors that are height-biased due to physics and biology.", "Height in sports __knowledge__ The balance of the intricate array of links will determine the degree to which height plays a role in success, if any.", "Height in sports __knowledge__ Advantages for below average height include:) Advantages for above average height include: Height can be both helpful and detrimental in wrestling.", "Height in sports __knowledge__ Since taller people have more bone mass, they will generally be slightly weaker than shorter people in the same weight class.", "Height in sports __knowledge__ This difference is made up in part by their longer arms, which allow them a longer reach and easier cradle.", "Height and intelligence __knowledge__ The study of height and intelligence is the analysis of how variations in height affect human intelligence.", "Height and intelligence __knowledge__ Some epidemiological research on the subject has shown that there is a small but statistically significant positive correlation between height and intelligence after controlling for socioeconomic class and parental education.", "Height and intelligence __knowledge__ This correlation arises in both the developed and developing world and persists across age groups.", "Height and intelligence __knowledge__ There is no scientific consensus on why this correlation arises, but one possible explanation is that height may act as a biomarker for nutritional status and health during intellectual development.", "2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami __knowledge__ The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake occurred at 00:58:53 UTC on 26 December with the epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia.", "2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami __knowledge__ The shock had a moment magnitude of 9.1–9.3 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (\"Violent\").", "2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami __knowledge__ The undersea megathrust earthquake was caused when the Indian Plate was subducted by the Burma Plate and triggered a series of devastating tsunamis along the coasts of most landmasses bordering the Indian Ocean, killing 230,000–280,000 people in 14 countries, and inundating coastal communities with waves up to high.", "2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami __knowledge__ It was one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history.", "Tree measurement __knowledge__ Trees have a wide variety of sizes and shapes and growth habits.", "Tree measurement __knowledge__ Specimens may grow as individual trunks, multitrunk masses, coppices, clonal colonies, or even more exotic tree complexes.", "Tree measurement __knowledge__ Most champion tree programs focus finding and measuring the largest single-trunk example of each species.", "Tree measurement __knowledge__ There are three basic parameters commonly measured to characterize the size of a single trunk tree: height, girth, and crown spread.", "Tree measurement __knowledge__ Additional details on the methodology of Tree height measurement, Tree girth measurement, Tree crown measurement, and Tree volume measurement are presented in the links herein." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Height __knowledge__ Height is the measure of vertical distance, either how \"tall\" something or someone is, or how \"high\" the position is.", "Height __knowledge__ For example \"The height of that building is 50 m\" or \"The height of an airplane is about 10,000 m\".", "Height __knowledge__ When the term is used to describe how high something like an airplane or a mountain peak is from sea level, height is more often called \"altitude\".", "Height __knowledge__ In a cartesian space, height is measured along the vertical axis (y) between a specific point and another that does not have the same y-value.", "Height __knowledge__ If both points happen to have the same y-value, then their relative height equals to zero.", "Height __knowledge__ English \"high\" is derived from Old English \"hēah\", ultimately from Proto-Germanic *\"xauxa-z\", from a PIE base \"*keuk-\".", "Height __knowledge__ The derived noun \"height\", also the obsolete forms \"heighth\" and \"highth\", is from Old English \"híehþo\", later \"héahþu\", as it were from Proto-Germanic \"*xaux-iþa\".", "Height __knowledge__ In elementary models of space, height may indicate the third dimension, the other two being length and width.", "Height __knowledge__ Height is normal to the plane formed by the length and width.", "Height __knowledge__ Height is also used as a name for some more abstract definitions.", "Height __knowledge__ These include: among other uses in commutative algebra and representation theory.", "John Rogan __knowledge__ John William Rogan (February 16, 1868 – September 12, 1905) was an American man who was the tallest person ever recorded until passed by Robert Wadlow.", "John Rogan __knowledge__ Rogan, the son of William Rogan, a former slave, was born in Hendersonville, Tennessee, on February 16, 1868.", "John Rogan __knowledge__ He was the fourth of twelve children.", "John Rogan __knowledge__ He began to grow very rapidly at the age of 13, leading to ankylosis.", "John Rogan __knowledge__ The disease hindered, and by 1882, he could not stand or walk.", "John Rogan __knowledge__ By 1899, he had grown to a height of 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m) and often appeared in newspapers, referred to as the \"negro giant\".", "John Rogan __knowledge__ He got around by using a goat cart like a wheelchair that was pulled by goats, and he was always the center of attention, often noted for his deep voice and playful attitude.", "Johnny Gee __knowledge__ John Alexander \"Johnny\" Gee, Jr. (December 7, 1915 – January 23, 1988), sometimes known as \"Long John Gee\" and \"Whiz\", was a professional baseball and basketball player.", "Johnny Gee __knowledge__ Gee played Major League Baseball for the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1939 to 1944 and for the New York Giants from 1944 to 1946.", "Johnny Gee __knowledge__ In August 1939, he was one of the top pitching prospects in the minor leagues when he was purchased by the Pirates in exchange for $75,000 and four players – the highest price paid by the Pirates for a player until the purchase of Hank Greenberg in 1947.", "Johnny Gee __knowledge__ After suffering an injury to his throwing arm during spring training in 1940, his performance suffered, and he was sometimes referred to as the \"$75,000 Lemon.\"", "Trijntje Keever __knowledge__ Trijntje Cornelisdochter Keever (April 10 or 16, 1616 – July 22, 1633), nicknamed De Groote Meid (in English, \"The Big Girl\"), is alleged to be the tallest female person in recorded history, standing 9 Amsterdam feet or tall at the time of her death at age seventeen.", "Trijntje Keever __knowledge__ Trijntje Keever was the daughter of Cornelis Keever and Anna Pouwels.", "Trijntje Keever __knowledge__ Cornelis was a Dutch skipper and Anna was his maid; he married her on May 24, 1605.", "Trijntje Keever __knowledge__ Trijntje was born on April 10 or 16, 1616 in Edam.", "Trijntje Keever __knowledge__ Trijntje’s parents took her to carnivals to earn some money by letting people see her.", "Trijntje Keever __knowledge__ Trijntje first received public attention when she was nine years old and had reached the height of .", "Robert Wadlow __knowledge__ Robert Pershing Wadlow (February 22, 1918 – July 15, 1940), also known as the Alton Giant and the Giant of Illinois, was an American who became famous as the tallest person ever in recorded history for whom there is irrefutable evidence.", "Robert Wadlow __knowledge__ The \"Alton\" and \"Illinois\" monikers reflect that he was born and raised in Alton, Illinois.", "Robert Wadlow __knowledge__ Wadlow reached in height and weighed at his death at age 22.", "Robert Wadlow __knowledge__ His great size and his continued growth in adulthood were due to hyperplasia of his pituitary gland, which results in an abnormally high level of human growth hormone.", "Robert Wadlow __knowledge__ He showed no indication of an end to his growth even at the time of his death.", "West Midlands (region) __knowledge__ The West Midlands is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes.", "West Midlands (region) __knowledge__ It covers the western half of the area traditionally known as the Midlands.", "West Midlands (region) __knowledge__ It contains Birmingham and the larger West Midlands conurbation, which includes the city of Wolverhampton and large towns of Dudley, Solihull, Walsall and West Bromwich.", "West Midlands (region) __knowledge__ The City of Coventry (once known as the UK's answer to the USA's 'Motor City' Detroit) is also located within the West Midlands county, but is separated from the conurbation to the west by several miles of green belt.", "West Midlands (region) __knowledge__ The region is geographically diverse, from the urban central areas of the conurbation to the rural western counties of Shropshire and Herefordshire which border Wales.", "Gheorghe Mureșan __knowledge__ Gheorghe Dumitru Mureșan (; born February 14, 1971), also known as \"Ghiță\" (), is a Romanian retired professional basketball player.", "Gheorghe Mureșan __knowledge__ At , he is the tallest player in NBA history, along with Manute Bol.", "Gheorghe Mureșan __knowledge__ He is also the tallest man in Romania and tallest living person in the European Union.", "Gheorghe Mureșan __knowledge__ Mureșan was born in Tritenii de Jos, Cluj County, and played competitive basketball at Cluj University.", "Gheorghe Mureșan __knowledge__ He played professionally in the French league with Pau-Orthez during the 1992–93 season and was an instant hit with fans.", "Gheorghe Mureșan __knowledge__ He was selected by the NBA franchise Washington Bullets in the 1993 NBA draft.", "Gheorghe Mureșan __knowledge__ He played in the NBA from 1993 to 2000 showing signs of a promising career that was derailed by injuries.", "List of tallest players in National Basketball Association history __knowledge__ This is a list of the tallest players in National Basketball Association history.", "List of tallest players in National Basketball Association history __knowledge__ Twenty five of them have been listed at 7 feet, 3 inches or taller.", "List of tallest players in National Basketball Association history __knowledge__ Two are active as of the season; Kristaps Porziņģis of the New York Knicks and Boban Marjanović of the Detroit Pistons.", "List of tallest players in National Basketball Association history __knowledge__ The tallest player inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame is 7 feet, 6 inch Yao Ming.", "List of tallest players in National Basketball Association history __knowledge__ In addition to Yao, Ralph Sampson and Arvydas Sabonis were the only other players 7'3\" or taller selected to the Hall of Fame.", "List of tallest players in National Basketball Association history __knowledge__ In the seventh round of the 1981 NBA Draft, the Golden State Warriors used the 171st pick to select Yasutaka Okayama, a Japanese basketball player who was measured at and .", "Proto-Germanic language __knowledge__ Proto-Germanic (abbreviated PGmc; German '; also called Common Germanic, German ') is the reconstructed proto-language of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages.", "Proto-Germanic language __knowledge__ Proto-Germanic developed from pre-Proto-Germanic into three branches during the first half of the first millennium of the Common Era: West Germanic, East Germanic and North Germanic, which however remained in contact over a considerable time, especially the Ingvaeonic languages (including English), which arose from West Germanic dialects and remained in continued contact with North Germanic.", "Proto-Germanic language __knowledge__ A defining feature of Proto-Germanic is the completion of Grimm's law, a set of sound changes that occurred between its status as a dialect of Proto-Indo-European and its gradual divergence into a separate language.", "Phonological history of Old English __knowledge__ The phonological system of the Old English language underwent many changes during the period of its existence.", "Phonological history of Old English __knowledge__ These included a number of vowel shifts, and the palatalization of velar consonants in many positions.", "Phonological history of Old English __knowledge__ For historical developments prior to the Old English period, see Proto-Germanic language.", "Phonological history of Old English __knowledge__ Various conventions are used below for describing Old English words, reconstructed parent forms of various sorts and reconstructed Proto-West-Germanic (PWG), Proto-Germanic (PG) and Proto-Indo-European (PIE) forms: The following table indicates the correspondence between spelling and pronunciation transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet.", "English language __knowledge__ English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now the third most widespread native language in the world, after Standard Chinese and Spanish, as well as the most widely spoken Germanic language.", "English language __knowledge__ What is arguably the most striking characteristic of present-day English is that it is spoken by many more non-native speakers than native speakers, which is called \"lingua franca\" uses.", "English language __knowledge__ This use of English as a Lingua Franca, which is a coincidental and unintentional result of English-speaking colonial spread, sets English apart from any other Western European language.", "Gothic language __knowledge__ Gothic is an extinct East Germanic language that was spoken by the Goths.", "Gothic language __knowledge__ It is known primarily from the \"Codex Argenteus\", a sixth-century copy of a fourth-century Bible translation, and is the only East Germanic language with a sizable text corpus.", "Gothic language __knowledge__ All others, including Burgundian and Vandalic, are known, if at all, only from proper names that survived in historical accounts, and from loanwords in other languages such as Portuguese, Spanish, and French.", "Gothic language __knowledge__ As a Germanic language, Gothic is a part of the Indo-European language family.", "Gothic language __knowledge__ It is the earliest Germanic language that is attested in any sizable texts, but it lacks any modern descendants.", "Indo-European migrations __knowledge__ Indo-European migrations were the migrations of pastoral peoples speaking Proto-Indo-European language, who departed from the Yamnaya and related cultures in the Pontic–Caspian steppe, starting at .", "Indo-European migrations __knowledge__ They spread throughout Europe and Asia, forming new cultures with the people they met on their way, including the Corded Ware culture in Northern Europe and the Vedic culture in India.", "Indo-European migrations __knowledge__ Modern knowledge of these migrations is based on data from linguistics, archaeology, anthropology and genetics.", "Indo-European migrations __knowledge__ Linguistics describes the similarities between various languages, and the linguistic laws at play in the changes in those languages.", "Proto-Germanic grammar __knowledge__ Historical linguistics has made tentative postulations about and multiple varyingly different reconstructions of Proto-Germanic grammar, as inherited from Proto-Indo-European grammar.", "Proto-Germanic grammar __knowledge__ All reconstructed forms are marked with an asterisk (*).", "Proto-Germanic grammar __knowledge__ Proto-Germanic had six cases, three genders, three numbers, three moods (indicative, subjunctive (PIE optative), imperative), and two voices (active and passive (PIE middle)).", "Proto-Germanic grammar __knowledge__ This is quite similar to the state of Latin, Greek, and Middle Indic of c. 200 BC.", "Proto-Germanic grammar __knowledge__ It is often asserted that the Germanic languages have a highly reduced system of inflections as compared with Greek, Latin, or Sanskrit.", "Germanic strong verb __knowledge__ In the Germanic languages, a strong verb is a verb that marks its past tense by means of changes to the stem vowel (ablaut).", "Germanic strong verb __knowledge__ The majority of the remaining verbs form the past tense by means of a dental suffix (e.g.", "Germanic strong verb __knowledge__ \"-ed\" in English), and are known as \"weak verbs\".", "Germanic strong verb __knowledge__ In modern English, strong verbs include \"sing\" (present \"I sing\", past \"I sang\", past participle \"I have sung\") and \"drive\" (present \"I drive\", past \"I drove\", past participle \"I have driven\"), as opposed to weak verbs such as \"open\" (present \"I open\", past \"I opened\", past participle \"I have opened\").", "Germanic strong verb __knowledge__ Not all verbs with a change in the stem vowel are strong verbs, however; they may also be irregular weak verbs such as \"bring, brought, brought\" or \"keep, kept, kept\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Height __knowledge__ Height is the measure of vertical distance, either how \"tall\" something or someone is, or how \"high\" the position is.", "Height __knowledge__ For example \"The height of that building is 50 m\" or \"The height of an airplane is about 10,000 m\".", "Height __knowledge__ When the term is used to describe how high something like an airplane or a mountain peak is from sea level, height is more often called \"altitude\".", "Height __knowledge__ In a cartesian space, height is measured along the vertical axis (y) between a specific point and another that does not have the same y-value.", "Height __knowledge__ If both points happen to have the same y-value, then their relative height equals to zero.", "Height __knowledge__ English \"high\" is derived from Old English \"hēah\", ultimately from Proto-Germanic *\"xauxa-z\", from a PIE base \"*keuk-\".", "Height __knowledge__ The derived noun \"height\", also the obsolete forms \"heighth\" and \"highth\", is from Old English \"híehþo\", later \"héahþu\", as it were from Proto-Germanic \"*xaux-iþa\".", "Height __knowledge__ In elementary models of space, height may indicate the third dimension, the other two being length and width.", "Height __knowledge__ Height is normal to the plane formed by the length and width.", "Height __knowledge__ Height is also used as a name for some more abstract definitions.", "Height __knowledge__ These include: among other uses in commutative algebra and representation theory.", "Height in sports __knowledge__ Height can significantly influence success in sports, depending on how the design of the sport is linked to factors that are height-biased due to physics and biology.", "Height in sports __knowledge__ The balance of the intricate array of links will determine the degree to which height plays a role in success, if any.", "Height in sports __knowledge__ Advantages for below average height include:) Advantages for above average height include: Height can be both helpful and detrimental in wrestling.", "Height in sports __knowledge__ Since taller people have more bone mass, they will generally be slightly weaker than shorter people in the same weight class.", "Height in sports __knowledge__ This difference is made up in part by their longer arms, which allow them a longer reach and easier cradle.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence () is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood (age of majority).", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence is usually associated with the teenage years, but its physical, psychological or cultural expressions may begin earlier and end later.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ For example, puberty now typically begins during preadolescence, particularly in females.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Physical growth (particularly in males), and cognitive development can extend into the early twenties.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Thus age provides only a rough marker of adolescence, and scholars have found it difficult to agree upon a precise definition of adolescence.", "Sound masking __knowledge__ Sound masking is the addition of sound created by special digital generators and distributed by normally unseen speakers through an area to reduce distractions or provide confidentiality where needed.", "Sound masking __knowledge__ The sound is broad band random that conveys no information about itself to a listener.", "Sound masking __knowledge__ It is often referred to erroneously as white noise or pink noise; the sound spectrum and level is specially shaped to provide the degree of privacy desired by occupants.", "Sound masking __knowledge__ Masking operates by covering up or masking unwanted sounds, similar to perfume that covers up other odors.", "Sound masking __knowledge__ This is in contrast to the technique of active noise control which attempts to eliminate the unwanted sound.", "Criminal record __knowledge__ A criminal record or police record is a record of a person's criminal history, generally used by potential employers, lenders, and others to assess his or her trustworthiness.", "Criminal record __knowledge__ The information included in a criminal record and the existence of a criminal record varies between countries and even between jurisdictions within a country.", "Criminal record __knowledge__ In most cases it lists all non-expunged criminal offences and may also include traffic offences such as speeding and drunk-driving.", "Criminal record __knowledge__ In some countries the record is limited to actual convictions (where the individual has pleaded guilty or been declared guilty by a qualified court), while in others it also includes arrests, charges dismissed, charges pending and charges of which the individual has been acquitted.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ Self-disclosure is a process of communication by which one person reveals information about himself or herself to another.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ The information can be descriptive or evaluative, and can include thoughts, feelings, aspirations, goals, failures, successes, fears, and dreams, as well as one's likes, dislikes, and favorites.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ Social penetration theory posits that there are two dimensions to self-disclosure: breadth and depth.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ Both are crucial in developing a fully intimate relationship.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ The range of topics discussed by two individuals is the breadth of disclosure.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ The degree to which the information revealed is private or personal is the depth of that disclosure.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication refers to the use of communication to facilitate social development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication engages stakeholders and policy makers, establishes conducive environments, assesses risks and opportunities and promotes information exchanges to bring about positive social change via sustainable development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication techniques include information dissemination and education, behavior change, social marketing, social mobilization, media advocacy, communication for social change and community participation.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication has been labeled the \"Fifth Theory of the Press\", with \"social transformation and development\", and \"the fulfillment of basic needs\" as its primary purposes.", "Nonverbal communication __knowledge__ Nonverbal communication (NVC) between people is communication through sending and receiving wordless clues.", "Nonverbal communication __knowledge__ It includes the use of visual cues such as body language (kinesics), distance (proxemics) and physical environments/appearance, of voice (paralanguage) and of touch (haptics).", "Nonverbal communication __knowledge__ It can also include chronemics (the use of time) and oculesics (eye contact and the actions of looking while talking and listening, frequency of glances, patterns of fixation, pupil dilation, and blink rate).", "Nonverbal communication __knowledge__ Just as speech contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, including voice quality, rate, pitch, volume, and speaking style, as well as prosodic features such as rhythm, intonation, and stress, so written texts have nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words, or the physical layout of a page.", "De dicto and de re __knowledge__ De dicto and de re are two phrases used to mark a distinction in intentional statements, associated with the intentional operators in many such statements.", "De dicto and de re __knowledge__ The distinction is used regularly in metaphysics and in philosophy of language.", "De dicto and de re __knowledge__ The literal translation of the phrase \"\"de dicto\"\" is \"about what is said\", whereas \"de re\" translates as \"about the thing\".", "De dicto and de re __knowledge__ The original meaning of the Latin locutions may help to elucidate the living meaning of the phrases, in the distinctions they mark.", "De dicto and de re __knowledge__ The distinction can be understood by examples of intentional contexts of which three are considered here: a context of thought, a context of desire, and a context of modality.", "Kosen judo __knowledge__ Today, the term \"kosen judo\" is frequently used to refer to the competition ruleset associated with it that allows for extended \"ne-waza\".", "Kosen judo __knowledge__ Such competition rules are still used in the competitions held annually between the seven former Imperial universities.", "Kosen judo __knowledge__ Similarly, there has been a resurgence in interest in Kosen judo in recent years due to its similarities with Brazilian jiu jitsu.", "Kosen judo __knowledge__ is an abbreviation of , literally 'higher speciality school', and refers to the colleges of technology in Japan that cater for students from age 15 to 20.", "Kosen judo __knowledge__ The kosen schools started holding judo competitions in 1898, four years after their opening, and they hosted an annual event of inter-collegiate competitions called from 1914 to 1944.", "The Tallest Man on Earth __knowledge__ Saras Per Kristian Matsson (born 30 April 1983) is a singer-songwriter from Dalarna, Sweden who performs under the stage name of The Tallest Man on Earth.", "The Tallest Man on Earth __knowledge__ Matsson grew up in Leksand, and began his solo career in 2006, having previously been the lead singer of the indie band Montezumas.", "The Tallest Man on Earth __knowledge__ His music has often drawn comparisons to the music of Bob Dylan.", "The Tallest Man on Earth __knowledge__ Since 2006, Matsson has released four full-length albums and two EPs.", "The Tallest Man on Earth __knowledge__ He records and produces these in his home, and usually records his voice and guitar together on one track.", "The Tallest Man on Earth __knowledge__ He is known both by critics and his fans for his charismatic stage presence.", "Buddhist modernism __knowledge__ Buddhist modernism (also referred to as Modern Buddhism, modernist Buddhism and Neo-Buddhism) are new movements based on modern era reinterpretations of Buddhism.", "Buddhist modernism __knowledge__ David McMahan states that modernism in Buddhism is similar to those found in other religions.", "Buddhist modernism __knowledge__ The sources of influences have variously been an engagement of Buddhist communities and teachers with the new cultures and methodologies such as \"western monotheism; rationalism and scientific naturalism; and Romantic expressivism\".", "Buddhist modernism __knowledge__ The influence of monotheism has been the internalization of Buddhist gods to make it acceptable in modern West, while scientific naturalism and romanticism has influenced the emphasis on current life, empirical defense, reason, psychological and health benefits.", "Hussain Bisad __knowledge__ Hussain Bisad (Born 1975) is one of the tallest men in the world, at .", "Hussain Bisad __knowledge__ He held the record for the largest hands of anyone alive until Sultan Kosen took the record.", "Hussain Bisad __knowledge__ His hands are 10.59 inches or 26.9 cm long.", "Hussain Bisad __knowledge__ He has size 50 feet and weighs .", "Hussain Bisad __knowledge__ Doctors believe that Bisad is suffering from a condition called pituitary giantism, that makes growth continue after most people stop developing.", "Hussain Bisad __knowledge__ Expert in abnormal growth Professor Mike Besser, from Bart’s Hospital, Central London, said he probably has a tumour in the pituitary gland behind his eyes.", "Hussain Bisad __knowledge__ Hussain Bisad is originally from Somalia, but fled after being shot, and has been granted asylum in Britain, where he now lives.", "Yoshitsune Senbon Zakura __knowledge__ Yoshitsune Senbon Zakura (義経千本桜), or Yoshitsune and the Thousand Cherry Trees, is a Japanese play, one of the three most popular and famous in the Kabuki repertoire.", "Yoshitsune Senbon Zakura __knowledge__ Originally written in 1747 for the jōruri puppet theater by Takeda Izumo II, Miyoshi Shōraku and Namiki Senryū I, it was adapted to kabuki the following year.", "Yoshitsune Senbon Zakura __knowledge__ Adapted to Kabuki, the play premiered in that mode in January 1748, in the city of Ise, in Mie Prefecture.", "Yoshitsune Senbon Zakura __knowledge__ Kataoka Nizaemon IV and Yamamoto Koheiji were two of the actors in this performance, playing Ginpei and Tadanobu/Genkurō respectively.", "Yoshitsune Senbon Zakura __knowledge__ The premiere in Edo was held at the Nakamura-za in May the same year, and in Osaka at the Naka no Shibai just a few months later in August.", "Human height __knowledge__ Human height or stature is the distance from the bottom of the feet to the top of the head in a human body, standing erect.", "Human height __knowledge__ It is measured using a stadiometer, usually in centimetres when using the metric system, or feet and inches when using the imperial system.", "Human height __knowledge__ A particular genetic profile in men called Y haplotype I-M170 is correlated with height.", "Human height __knowledge__ Ecological data shows that as the frequency of this genetic profile increases in the population, the average male height in a country also increases.", "Human height __knowledge__ When populations share genetic background and environmental factors, average height is frequently characteristic within the group." ] ]

[ 1, 6, 0, 10 ]

[ "What's your height? My height is 5'2 and a half.", "Oh, the word height is derived from an Old English term 'heah'! Which, was originated by Proto-Germanic \"xauxa-z\"", "I believe the tallest man in the world that's currently living is Sultan Kosen!", "I feel like you won't gain much information about a person based on their height. Maybe just abstract stereotypes. Like for example basketball players being super tall." ]

[ "Height", "Height", "Height", "Height" ]

[ "Pie", "It is really yummy, but I don't know much about it.", "Wow. I would have thought with meat it would have gone bad. What other pie trivia should a person know about?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pie __knowledge__ A pie is a baked dish which is usually made of a pastry dough casing that covers or completely contains a filling of various sweet or savoury ingredients.", "Pie __knowledge__ Pies are defined by their crusts.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"filled\" pie (also \"single-crust\" or \"bottom-crust\"), has pastry lining the baking dish, and the filling is placed on top of the pastry but left open.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"top-crust\" pie has the filling in the bottom of the dish and is covered with a pastry or other covering before baking.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"two-crust\" pie has the filling completely enclosed in the pastry shell.", "Pie __knowledge__ Shortcrust pastry is a typical kind of pastry used for pie crusts, but many things can be used, including baking powder biscuits, mashed potatoes, and crumbs.", "Pie __knowledge__ Pies can be a variety of sizes, ranging from bite-size to ones designed for multiple servings.", "Pie __knowledge__ The need for nutritious, easy-to-store, easy-to-carry, and long-lasting foods on long journeys, in particular at sea, was initially solved by taking live food along with a butcher or cook.", "Pie __knowledge__ However, this took up additional space on what were either horse-powered treks or small ships, reducing the time of travel before additional food was required.", "Pie __knowledge__ This resulted in early armies adopting the style of hunter-foraging." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pie __knowledge__ A pie is a baked dish which is usually made of a pastry dough casing that covers or completely contains a filling of various sweet or savoury ingredients.", "Pie __knowledge__ Pies are defined by their crusts.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"filled\" pie (also \"single-crust\" or \"bottom-crust\"), has pastry lining the baking dish, and the filling is placed on top of the pastry but left open.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"top-crust\" pie has the filling in the bottom of the dish and is covered with a pastry or other covering before baking.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"two-crust\" pie has the filling completely enclosed in the pastry shell.", "Pie __knowledge__ Shortcrust pastry is a typical kind of pastry used for pie crusts, but many things can be used, including baking powder biscuits, mashed potatoes, and crumbs.", "Pie __knowledge__ Pies can be a variety of sizes, ranging from bite-size to ones designed for multiple servings.", "Pie __knowledge__ The need for nutritious, easy-to-store, easy-to-carry, and long-lasting foods on long journeys, in particular at sea, was initially solved by taking live food along with a butcher or cook.", "Pie __knowledge__ However, this took up additional space on what were either horse-powered treks or small ships, reducing the time of travel before additional food was required.", "Pie __knowledge__ This resulted in early armies adopting the style of hunter-foraging.", "List of Kamen Rider OOO characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters of the 2010-2011 Japanese tokusatsu series \"Kamen Rider OOO\".", "List of Kamen Rider OOO characters __knowledge__ is a young man desire to helps others while traveling.", "List of Kamen Rider OOO characters __knowledge__ When he falls asleep during his part-time job at the museum, Eiji unwittingly becomes entangled in the chain of events that occurred after the Greeed were released and gains the ability to become to fight them.", "List of Kamen Rider OOO characters __knowledge__ Eiji Hino is portrayed by .", "List of Kamen Rider OOO characters __knowledge__ is the bird-type Greeed, a dishonest wildcard who sees people for their flaws and is at odds with the other Greeed.", "List of Kamen Rider OOO characters __knowledge__ Ankh also believes that he has the right to get whatever he wants and detests having to give something away.", "Yummy Fur (comics) __knowledge__ Yummy Fur (1983–1994) was a comic book by Canadian cartoonist Chester Brown.", "Yummy Fur (comics) __knowledge__ It contained a number of different comics stories which dealt with a wide variety of subjects.", "Yummy Fur (comics) __knowledge__ Its often-controversial content led to one printer and one distributor refusing to handle it.", "Yummy Fur (comics) __knowledge__ Some of Brown's best-known comics were first published in \"Yummy Fur\", including the surreal, taboo-breaking \"Ed the Happy Clown\" and the comics from his autobiographical period, which included the graphic novels \"The Playboy\" and \"I Never Liked You\".", "Yummy Fur (comics) __knowledge__ Also notable were the eccentric gospel adaptations that ran in most issues.", "Yummy Fur (comics) __knowledge__ The series and its collected volumes have won a number of awards, and have had a lasting influence on the world of alternative comics.", "Ed the Happy Clown __knowledge__ Ed the Happy Clown is a graphic novel by Canadian cartoonist Chester Brown.", "Ed the Happy Clown __knowledge__ Its title character is a large-headed, childlike children's clown who undergoes one horrifying affliction after another.", "Ed the Happy Clown __knowledge__ The story is a dark, humorous mix of genres and features scatological humour, sex, body horror, extreme graphic violence, and blasphemous religious imagery.", "Ed the Happy Clown __knowledge__ Central to the plot are a man who cannot stop defecating; the head of a miniature, other-dimensional Ronald Reagan attached to the head of Ed's penis; and a female vampire who seeks revenge on her adulterous lover who had murdered her to escape his sins.", "All the Wrong Clues for the Right Solution __knowledge__ All the Wrong Clues for the Right Solution () is a 1981 Hong Kong comedy film directed and co-written by Tsui Hark.", "All the Wrong Clues for the Right Solution __knowledge__ The film stars George Lam as Yoho, Karl Maka as Ah Capone and Teddy Robin Kwan as Inspector Robin.", "All the Wrong Clues for the Right Solution __knowledge__ Yoho is a down on his luck detective who find himself in trouble with the ganger Ah Capone who is planning to cheat elderly millionaires out of their stocks.", "All the Wrong Clues for the Right Solution __knowledge__ The film was Tsui's first commercial success and was the fourth highest grossing Hong Kong film of 1981.", "All the Wrong Clues for the Right Solution __knowledge__ It was nominated for five \"Golden Horse Awards\" and won three (Best Director, Best Cinematography and Best Editing).", "All the Wrong Clues for the Right Solution __knowledge__ The film was followed by a sequel in 1983 titled \"All the Wrong Spies\" directed by Teddy Robin Kwan.", "Chester Brown __knowledge__ Chester William David Brown (born 16 May 1960) is a Canadian cartoonist.", "Chester Brown __knowledge__ Brown has gone through several stylistic and thematic periods.", "Chester Brown __knowledge__ He gained notice in alternative comics circles in the 1980s for the surreal, scatological \"Ed the Happy Clown\" serial.", "Chester Brown __knowledge__ After bringing \"Ed\" to an abrupt end, he delved into confessional autobiographical comics in the early 1990s and was strongly associated with fellow Toronto-based cartoonists Seth and Joe Matt, and the contemporary autobiographical comics trend.", "Chester Brown __knowledge__ Two graphic novels came from this period: \"The Playboy\" (1992) and \"I Never Liked You\" (1994).", "Chester Brown __knowledge__ Surprise mainstream success in the 2000s came with \"Louis Riel\" (2003), a historical-biographical graphic novel about rebel Métis leader Louis Riel.", "Ohio Express __knowledge__ The Ohio Express is an American bubblegum pop band, formed in Mansfield, Ohio in 1967.", "Ohio Express __knowledge__ Though marketed as a band, it would be more accurate to say that the name \"Ohio Express\" served as a brand name used by Jerry Kasenetz's and Jeffrey Katz's Super K Productions to release the music of a number of different musicians and acts.", "Ohio Express __knowledge__ The best known songs of Ohio Express (including their best scoring single, \"Yummy Yummy Yummy\") were actually the work of an assemblage of studio musicians working out of New York, including singer/songwriter Joey Levine.", "Ohio Express __knowledge__ Several other \"Ohio Express\" hits were the work of other, unrelated musical groups, including the Rare Breed, and an early incarnation of 10cc.", "Chester Brown's autobiographical comics __knowledge__ Canadian cartoonist Chester Brown attracted the attention of critics and peers in the early 1990s alternative comics world when he began publishing autobiographical comics in his comic book \"Yummy Fur\".", "Chester Brown's autobiographical comics __knowledge__ During this period Brown produced a number of short strips and two graphic novels: \"The Playboy\" (1992) and \"I Never Liked You\" (1994).", "Chester Brown's autobiographical comics __knowledge__ The personal and revealing deal with Brown's social awkwardness and introversion, and the artwork and page layouts are minimal and organic.", "Chester Brown's autobiographical comics __knowledge__ In 2011 Brown returned to autobiography with \"Paying for It\", an account of his experience with prostitutes.", "Chester Brown's autobiographical comics __knowledge__ The \"Yummy Fur\" autobiographical stories have been collected–the short stories in \"The Little Man\" (1998), and the graphic novels \"The Playboy\" (1992) and \"Fuck\" as \"I Never Liked You\" (1994, revised 2002).", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ No Man's Sky is an action-adventure survival video game developed and published by the indie studio Hello Games for PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ It was released worldwide in August 2016.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ The game is built around four pillars: exploration, survival, combat, and trading.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Players are free to perform within the entirety of a procedurally generated deterministic open universe, which includes over 18 quintillion planets.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Through the game's procedural generation system, planets have their own ecosystems with unique forms of flora and fauna, and various sentient alien species may engage the player in combat or trade within planetary systems.", "Steve Marriott __knowledge__ Stephen Peter Marriott (30 January 1947 – 20 April 1991) was an English musician, songwriter and frontman of two notable rock and roll bands, spanning over two decades.", "Steve Marriott __knowledge__ Marriott is remembered for his powerful singing voice which belied his small stature, and for his aggressive approach as a guitarist in mod rock bands Small Faces (1965–1969 and 1977-1978) and Humble Pie (1969–1975 and 1980–1981).", "Steve Marriott __knowledge__ Marriott was inducted posthumously into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012 as a member of Small Faces.", "Steve Marriott __knowledge__ In Britain, Marriott became a popular, often-photographed mod style icon through his role as lead singer and guitarist with the Small Faces in the mid to late 1960s.", "What Would You Do? (game show) __knowledge__ What Would You Do?", "What Would You Do? (game show) __knowledge__ is a 30-minute television show hosted by Marc Summers shown on Nickelodeon from 1991 to 1993.", "What Would You Do? (game show) __knowledge__ Robin Marrella acted as the on-camera stagehand for the show's first season.", "What Would You Do? (game show) __knowledge__ Both Summers and Marrella performed their respective duties on \"Double Dare\", also on Nickelodeon.", "What Would You Do? (game show) __knowledge__ The show was produced in Nickelodeon Studios at Universal Studios in Florida; some early segments were produced at Universal Studios in Hollywood.", "What Would You Do? (game show) __knowledge__ During each show, the audience viewed a previously taped segment or stock film featuring children or families or others put in unusual situations.", "What Would You Do? (game show) __knowledge__ The tape was stopped before the outcome and Summers asked the audience to vote on either what they would do in the same situation or what the outcome would be.", "Pieing __knowledge__ Pieing is the act of throwing a pie at a person or people.", "Pieing __knowledge__ Non-consensual pieing is a punishable offence in criminal law, and depending on jurisdiction is a battery but may also constitute an assault.", "Pieing __knowledge__ Non-consensual pieing may also be actionable as a civil wrong (tort) resulting in the victim of the pieing to recover damages in a lawsuit from the tortfeasor.", "Pieing __knowledge__ Although pieing may be intended as a simple practical joke, it can be a political action when the target is an authority figure, politician, industrialist, or celebrity and can be used as a means of protesting against the target's political beliefs, or against perceived arrogance or vanity.", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ , formerly simply and colloquially referred to as , is a Japanese female idol group, holding the second highest overall single sales (of a female group) on the Oricon charts as of February 2012, with the Oricon record of most top ten singles with an amount of 50, and they have sold over 21 million copies in Japan alone.", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ Morning Musume was formed in 1997 by rock singer-songwriter turned record producer Tsunku, who later composed the vast majority of the group's songs over the decade.", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ They are the lead group of Hello!", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ Project that specialises in upbeat, pop-oriented music coupled with dance performance.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Shortly after her creation in 1974, the Hello Kitty vinyl coin purse was introduced by Sanrio in March 1975.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character was then brought to the United States in 1976.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character is a staple of the \"kawaii\" segment of Japanese popular culture.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2010, Sanrio had groomed Hello Kitty into a global marketing phenomenon worth $5 billion a year.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2014, when Hello Kitty was 40 years old, she was worth about $7 billion a year, all without advertising except on Sanrio's, related show producers', and ticket sales' webpages and at show venues and nearby locations.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Originally aimed at preadolescent females, Hello Kitty's market has broadened to include adult consumers, being found on a variety of products ranging from school supplies to fashion accessories.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Sanrio, a Japanese company specialized in creating cute characters.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Beginning in 1963, Sanrio sells and licenses products branded with these characters and has created over 400 characters, with the most successful and best known being Hello Kitty.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ The characters listed here are shown with the year in which they first appeared.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ is the best-known of Sanrio's fictional characters, created in 1974.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Hello Kitty is drawn simply with a trademark red bow.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Registered in 1975, Hello Kitty is now a globally known trademark.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Hello Kitty has been marketed in the United States from the beginning and has held the position of U.S. children's ambassador for UNICEF since 1983." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pie __knowledge__ A pie is a baked dish which is usually made of a pastry dough casing that covers or completely contains a filling of various sweet or savoury ingredients.", "Pie __knowledge__ Pies are defined by their crusts.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"filled\" pie (also \"single-crust\" or \"bottom-crust\"), has pastry lining the baking dish, and the filling is placed on top of the pastry but left open.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"top-crust\" pie has the filling in the bottom of the dish and is covered with a pastry or other covering before baking.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"two-crust\" pie has the filling completely enclosed in the pastry shell.", "Pie __knowledge__ Shortcrust pastry is a typical kind of pastry used for pie crusts, but many things can be used, including baking powder biscuits, mashed potatoes, and crumbs.", "Pie __knowledge__ Pies can be a variety of sizes, ranging from bite-size to ones designed for multiple servings.", "Pie __knowledge__ The need for nutritious, easy-to-store, easy-to-carry, and long-lasting foods on long journeys, in particular at sea, was initially solved by taking live food along with a butcher or cook.", "Pie __knowledge__ However, this took up additional space on what were either horse-powered treks or small ships, reducing the time of travel before additional food was required.", "Pie __knowledge__ This resulted in early armies adopting the style of hunter-foraging.", "Good Girl Gone Bad: Reloaded __knowledge__ Good Girl Gone Bad: Reloaded is the reissue of Barbadian singer Rihanna's third studio album \"Good Girl Gone Bad\" (2007).", "Good Girl Gone Bad: Reloaded __knowledge__ It was first released digitally in selected countries on June 2, 2008, by Def Jam Recordings and SRP Records.", "Good Girl Gone Bad: Reloaded __knowledge__ Launched to mark the first anniversary of the original album, \"Good Girl Gone Bad: Reloaded\" features three newly recorded songs and a DVD showing exclusive behind-the-scenes footage of Rihanna's worldwide tour, the Good Girl Gone Bad Tour (2007–2009).", "Good Girl Gone Bad: Reloaded __knowledge__ For the new material, she worked with past collaborators Ne-Yo, StarGate, and C. \"Tricky\" Stewart, as well as Brian Kennedy, Mark Endert, Mike Elizondo, Mark \"Spike\" Stent and Maroon 5.", "Good Girl Gone Bad __knowledge__ Good Girl Gone Bad is the third studio album by Barbadian singer Rihanna.", "Good Girl Gone Bad __knowledge__ It was released on May 31, 2007, by Def Jam Recordings and SRP Records.", "Good Girl Gone Bad __knowledge__ Rihanna worked with various producers on the album, including Christopher \"Tricky\" Stewart, Terius \"Dream\" Nash, Neo da Matrix, Timbaland, Carl Sturken, Evan Rogers and StarGate.", "Good Girl Gone Bad __knowledge__ Inspired by Brandy Norwood's fourth studio album \"Afrodisiac\" (2004), \"Good Girl Gone Bad\" is a pop, dance-pop and R&B album with 1980s music influences.", "Good Girl Gone Bad __knowledge__ Described as a turning point in Rihanna's career, it represents a departure from the Caribbean sound of her previous releases, \"Music of the Sun\" (2005) and \"A Girl like Me\" (2006).", "Good Girl Gone Bad Live __knowledge__ Good Girl Gone Bad Live is the first live long-form video by Barbadian singer Rihanna.", "Good Girl Gone Bad Live __knowledge__ It was first released on June 9, 2008 by Def Jam Recordings.", "Good Girl Gone Bad Live __knowledge__ The DVD and Blu-ray release features Rihanna's concert at the Manchester Arena in Manchester, United Kingdom held on December 6, 2007, as part of her Good Girl Gone Bad Tour (2007—2009) which supported singer's third studio album \"Good Girl Gone Bad\" (2007).", "Good Girl Gone Bad Live __knowledge__ Most of the concert's set list originates from \"Good Girl Gone Bad\", however, Rihanna also performed songs from her previous albums \"Music of the Sun\" (2005) and \"A Girl like Me\" (2006).", "Good Girl Gone Bad Live __knowledge__ It also contains a special Documentary Feature that presents Rihanna discussing her experiences during the tour.", "Rihanna __knowledge__ Robyn Rihanna Fenty (; February 20, 1988) is a Barbadian singer, songwriter, and actress.", "Rihanna __knowledge__ Born in Saint Michael, Barbados and raised in Bridgetown, during 2003 she recorded demo tapes under the direction of record producer Evan Rogers and signed a recording contract with Def Jam Recordings after auditioning for its then-president, hip hop producer and rapper Jay Z.", "Rihanna __knowledge__ In 2005, Rihanna rose to fame with the release of her debut studio album \"Music of the Sun\" and its follow-up \"A Girl like Me\" (2006), which charted on the top 10 of the US \"Billboard\" 200 and respectively produced the singles \"Pon de Replay\" and \"SOS\".", "Good Girl Gone Bad: The Remixes __knowledge__ Good Girl Gone Bad: The Remixes is the first remix album by Barbadian singer Rihanna.", "Good Girl Gone Bad: The Remixes __knowledge__ It was released on January 27, 2009 through Def Jam Recordings.", "Good Girl Gone Bad: The Remixes __knowledge__ The album contains club remixes of tracks from her third studio album \"Good Girl Gone Bad\" (2007) and its 2008 re-release, \"Good Girl Gone Bad: Reloaded\".", "Good Girl Gone Bad: The Remixes __knowledge__ The songs were remixed by producers and disc jockeys such as Moto Blanco, Tony Moran, Soul Seekerz and Wideboys.", "Good Girl Gone Bad: The Remixes __knowledge__ The remixes appear in the form of radio edits instead of full-length versions.", "Good Girl Gone Bad: The Remixes __knowledge__ The compilation received generally mixed reviews from music critics; the album was recommended for fans who were awaiting the release of Rihanna's next studio album.", "Rehab (Rihanna song) __knowledge__ \"Rehab\" is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna for her third studio album, \"Good Girl Gone Bad\" (2007).", "Rehab (Rihanna song) __knowledge__ Def Jam Recordings serviced the song to contemporary hit radio in the United States on October 6, 2008, as the eighth and final single from the album.", "Rehab (Rihanna song) __knowledge__ It was released in the United Kingdom as a CD single on December 8, 2008.", "Rehab (Rihanna song) __knowledge__ Development of \"Rehab\" began while Rihanna was accompanying Timbaland on Justin Timberlake's FutureSex/LoveShow tour in 2007.", "Rehab (Rihanna song) __knowledge__ Timberlake wrote the song in collaboration with his producers, Hannon Lane and Timbaland, and provided additional vocals.", "Rehab (Rihanna song) __knowledge__ \"Rehab\" is a mid-paced R&B song with an emotional, melancholy chorus; the lyrics are about the protagonist's painful memories of her former lover, who is portrayed metaphorically as a disease.", "Take a Bow (Rihanna song) __knowledge__ \"Take a Bow\" is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna for \"\" (2008), the re-release of her third studio album \"Good Girl Gone Bad\" (2007).", "Take a Bow (Rihanna song) __knowledge__ The song was written and produced by Tor Erik Hermansen, Mikkel Eriksen, and Shaffer Smith under their stage names StarGate and Ne-Yo.", "Take a Bow (Rihanna song) __knowledge__ \"Take a Bow\" was released as the first single from the re-release and the fifth single overall from the two releases.", "Take a Bow (Rihanna song) __knowledge__ It is an R&B song that contains elements of dance-pop.", "Take a Bow (Rihanna song) __knowledge__ Critical reception of \"Take a Bow\" was mixed, with some critics praising the song's lyrics and powerful balladry, while others criticized StarGate's production as unoriginal.", "Meat pie (Australia and New Zealand) __knowledge__ An Australian or New Zealand meat pie is a hand-sized meat pie containing diced or minced meat and gravy, sometimes with onion, mushrooms, or cheese and often consumed as a takeaway food snack.", "Meat pie (Australia and New Zealand) __knowledge__ The meat pie is considered iconic in Australia and New Zealand.", "Meat pie (Australia and New Zealand) __knowledge__ It was described by former New South Wales Premier Bob Carr in 2003 as Australia's \"national dish\".", "Meat pie (Australia and New Zealand) __knowledge__ New Zealanders regard the meat pie as a part of New Zealand cuisine, and it forms part of the New Zealand national identity.", "Meat pie (Australia and New Zealand) __knowledge__ The Victorian pie brand Four'n Twenty produces 50,000 pies per hour and Australians consume an average of 12 meat pies per year.", "Meat pie __knowledge__ A meat pie is a pie with a filling of meat and often other savory ingredients.", "Meat pie __knowledge__ They are popular in the United Kingdom, Australia, Ghana, Nigeria, Europe, New Zealand, Canada, Zimbabwe and South Africa.", "Meat pie __knowledge__ The beginnings of the meat pie can be traced back to the Neolithic Period, around 9500 BC.", "Meat pie __knowledge__ The ancient Egyptians' diet featured basic pies made from oat, wheat, rye, and barley, and filled with honey and baked over hot coals.", "Meat pie __knowledge__ These pies were eventually adopted by the Greeks, and it is there that a flour-water paste substance closely resembling pie pastry was created and was first filled with meat.", "Natchitoches meat pie __knowledge__ The Natchitoches meat pie is a regional dish from northern Louisiana, United States.", "Natchitoches meat pie __knowledge__ It is one of the official state foods of Louisiana.", "Natchitoches meat pie __knowledge__ Ingredients include ground beef, ground pork, onions, peppers, garlic, oil, and a pie shell.", "Natchitoches meat pie __knowledge__ Natchitoches meat pies are often fried in peanut oil because of that oil's high smoking temperature.", "Natchitoches meat pie __knowledge__ A number of restaurants in the historic district in Natchitoches serve meat pies, and frozen pies are available from grocers in northern Louisiana.", "Natchitoches meat pie __knowledge__ It has a savory meat filling in a crescent-shaped, flaky wheat pastry turnover.", "Natchitoches meat pie __knowledge__ It is similar to a Spanish picadillo beef empanada.", "Fray Bentos (food brand) __knowledge__ The Fray Bentos food brand is associated with tinned processed meat products, originally corned beef and, latterly, meat pies.", "Fray Bentos (food brand) __knowledge__ The brand has been sold in the United Kingdom, other European countries, and Australia.", "Fray Bentos (food brand) __knowledge__ Created in the latter half of the 19th century, the name is derived from the port of Fray Bentos in Uruguay where the products were originally processed and packaged until the 1960s.", "Fray Bentos (food brand) __knowledge__ The brand is now owned in the UK by Baxters, which manufactures the product range in Scotland.", "Fray Bentos (food brand) __knowledge__ Additionally, the Campbell Soup Company manufactures and sells Fray Bentos branded steak and kidney pies in Australia.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ This article contains brief biographies for characters from Terry Pratchett's \"Discworld\" series.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ This list consists of human characters.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ For biographies of noted members of the Discworld's \"ethnic minorities\" (dwarfs, trolls, undead (Discworld), etc.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ ), see the specific articles for those races.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ Some character biographies are also listed in articles relating to the organisations they belong to.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ For further Discworld character biographies, see the table below.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ Characters are listed alphabetically by name.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ The daughter of Robert Dearheart, founder of the Grand Trunk Semaphore Company, and sister of the murdered John Dearheart, Adora Belle Dearheart (featured in \"Going Postal\", \"Making Money\" and \"Raising Steam\") is cynical, angry, and a heavy smoker (so memorably heavy that Moist, needing to find her, considered looking for a large plume of smoke coming from houses in the area, but ultimately asked a tobacconist), although it is also noted that she looks extremely good in a very plain gray dress.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture and education are important aspects of British culture." ] ]

[ 0, 8, 53 ]

[ "Hello there! How do you feel about pie?", "I think meat pies are interesting. They were originally developed for taking on long voyages. They were easy to store and lasted a long time.", "Well, meat pies are REALLY old! THey made them in ancient Egypt!" ]

[ "Pie", "Pie", "Pie" ]

[ "Syracuse, New York\nHave you ever been to Syracuse?", "really? Can you tell me about Syracuse University?", "oh, how cool. Where in New York this Syracuse even located?", "okay. i wonder if that city would be a good place to visit" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Syracuse () is a city in and the county seat of Onondaga County, New York, in the United States.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ It is the largest U.S. city with the name \"Syracuse\", and is the fifth most populous city in the state of New York following New York City, Buffalo, Rochester, and Yonkers.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ At the 2010 census, the city population was 145,252, and its metropolitan area had a population of 662,577.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ It is the economic and educational hub of Central New York, a region with over one million inhabitants.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Syracuse is also well-provided with convention sites, with a downtown convention complex.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Syracuse was named after the original Greek city Syracuse (Siracusa in Italian), a city on the eastern coast of the Italian island of Sicily.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ The city has functioned as a major crossroads over the last two centuries, first between the Erie Canal and its branch canals, then of the railway network.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Today, Syracuse is located at the intersection of Interstates 81 and 90, and its airport is the largest in the region.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Syracuse is home to Syracuse University, a major research university, as well as Le Moyne College, a nationally recognized liberal arts college.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ In 2010, \"Forbes\" rated Syracuse fourth in the top 10 places in the U.S. to raise a family.", "Industry in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Manufacturing and industry in Syracuse, New York proliferated from the late 1870s through the early 20th century, a period known as the Industrial Revolution.", "Industry in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ The Central New York area was home to a multitude of manufacturers in the late 19th century through the mid-1960s which produced a great era of prosperity for the city.", "Industry in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ During the early 1900s, some 87 large industries were scattered throughout the city of Syracuse.", "Industry in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ The principal businesses were located along Erie Boulevard and the city line and around the shore of Onondaga Lake and manufactured goods such as typewriters, candles, pottery, gears, electrical and air-conditioning equipment, traffic signals, plated silverware, window fixtures for trains, cast stone building blocks, clothes-pressing machines, and doorknobs.", "Railroads in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Railroads in Syracuse, New York, were first mentioned in October 1831, when a convention held in the city marked one of the earliest moves to stimulate the era of railroad building which ultimately brought steam railroad service to New York State.", "Railroads in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ At the time of the convention, the oldest railroad in Onondaga County had been in operation for two years.", "Railroads in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Out of the convention came the impetus which gave birth to the roads which consolidated in 1853 to form the New York Central Railroad which was a conglomeration of several lines and by the late 1860s, the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, another important railroad conglomerate, was also making inroads in Central New York.", "Interurban and streetcar railways in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Interurban and streetcar railways flourished in Syracuse, New York until the automobile, airplane and bus took their place.", "Interurban and streetcar railways in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ The trolley or streetcar served travel within the city limits of Syracuse as early as 1859.", "Interurban and streetcar railways in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ In the beginning they were either horse-drawn or fueled by steam and by the end of the 19th century they were electric driven.", "Interurban and streetcar railways in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ The city was one of the first in the United States to adopt electricity as a transportation motive power.", "Interurban and streetcar railways in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Interurban railways had rights-of-way for higher speed traffic and linked Syracuse with the countryside.", "Interurban and streetcar railways in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ They allowed people who lived in the suburbs and farming communities to work in Syracuse.", "Syracuse University __knowledge__ Syracuse University (commonly referred to as Syracuse, 'Cuse, or SU) is a private research university in Syracuse, New York, United States.", "Syracuse University __knowledge__ The institution's roots can be traced to the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary (later becoming Genesee College), founded in 1831 by the Methodist Episcopal Church in Lima, New York.", "Syracuse University __knowledge__ After several years of debate over relocating the college to Syracuse, the university was established in 1870, independent of the college.", "Syracuse University __knowledge__ Since 1920, the university has identified itself as nonsectarian, although it maintains a relationship with The United Methodist Church.", "Syracuse University __knowledge__ The campus is in the University Hill neighborhood of Syracuse, east and southeast of downtown, on one of the larger hills.", "Syracuse Orange football __knowledge__ The Syracuse Orange football program is a college football team that represents Syracuse University.", "Syracuse Orange football __knowledge__ The team is a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference, which is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I conference that is part of the Football Bowl Subdivision.", "Syracuse Orange football __knowledge__ The program has one national championship, which was earned for play in the 1959 season.", "Syracuse Orange football __knowledge__ The Orange are coached by Dino Babers, who was hired on December 5, 2015, to succeed Scott Shafer.", "Syracuse Orange football __knowledge__ Home games are played at the Carrier Dome, located on the school's campus in Syracuse.", "Syracuse Orange football __knowledge__ Syracuse played its first football game on November 23, 1889, and achieved its first success in the 1890s and 1900s.", "Franklin (automobile) __knowledge__ The Franklin Automobile Company was an American manufacturer of automobiles in the United States between 1902 and 1934 in Syracuse, New York.", "Franklin (automobile) __knowledge__ Herbert H. Franklin founded the H. H. Franklin Manufacturing Company in 1893 and, in 1901, teamed up with engineer John Wilkinson to develop an air-cooled engine.", "Franklin (automobile) __knowledge__ In 1902, the Franklin automobile was introduced.", "Franklin (automobile) __knowledge__ Because he was the primary investor, Franklin assumed control of the company, and named the auto manufacturing division Franklin Automobile Company.", "Franklin (automobile) __knowledge__ As president, he managed the company finances and business administration.", "Franklin (automobile) __knowledge__ Wilkinson was named chief engineer and granted control of the engineering and manufacturing operation." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Syracuse () is a city in and the county seat of Onondaga County, New York, in the United States.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ It is the largest U.S. city with the name \"Syracuse\", and is the fifth most populous city in the state of New York following New York City, Buffalo, Rochester, and Yonkers.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ At the 2010 census, the city population was 145,252, and its metropolitan area had a population of 662,577.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ It is the economic and educational hub of Central New York, a region with over one million inhabitants.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Syracuse is also well-provided with convention sites, with a downtown convention complex.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Syracuse was named after the original Greek city Syracuse (Siracusa in Italian), a city on the eastern coast of the Italian island of Sicily.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ The city has functioned as a major crossroads over the last two centuries, first between the Erie Canal and its branch canals, then of the railway network.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Today, Syracuse is located at the intersection of Interstates 81 and 90, and its airport is the largest in the region.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Syracuse is home to Syracuse University, a major research university, as well as Le Moyne College, a nationally recognized liberal arts college.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ In 2010, \"Forbes\" rated Syracuse fourth in the top 10 places in the U.S. to raise a family.", "Syracuse University __knowledge__ Syracuse University (commonly referred to as Syracuse, 'Cuse, or SU) is a private research university in Syracuse, New York, United States.", "Syracuse University __knowledge__ The institution's roots can be traced to the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary (later becoming Genesee College), founded in 1831 by the Methodist Episcopal Church in Lima, New York.", "Syracuse University __knowledge__ After several years of debate over relocating the college to Syracuse, the university was established in 1870, independent of the college.", "Syracuse University __knowledge__ Since 1920, the university has identified itself as nonsectarian, although it maintains a relationship with The United Methodist Church.", "Syracuse University __knowledge__ The campus is in the University Hill neighborhood of Syracuse, east and southeast of downtown, on one of the larger hills.", "Sharon Gold __knowledge__ Sharon Gold (born February 28, 1949) is an American artist and associate professor of painting at Syracuse University.", "Sharon Gold __knowledge__ Gold's artwork has been installed at MoMA PS1, Dia Art Foundation, Carnegie Mellon University, Rose Art Museum at Brandeis University, Everson Museum of Art, and Princeton University Art Museum.", "Sharon Gold __knowledge__ She was a fellow at MacDowell Colony.", "Sharon Gold __knowledge__ Gold's work has been reviewed by Arthur Danto, Donald Kuspit, Ken Johnson, and Stephen Westfall in a variety of publications from Artforum to the New York Times, New York Magazine, Arts Magazine, Art News, and many others.", "Sharon Gold __knowledge__ She also taught at Princeton University, Pratt Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Francisco Art Institute, and the Tyler School of Art.", "State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry __knowledge__ The State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF, or ESF) is an American, specialized, doctoral-granting institution based in Syracuse, New York.", "State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry __knowledge__ It is immediately adjacent to Syracuse University, within which it was founded, and with whom it maintains a special relationship.", "State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry __knowledge__ ESF is a part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system.", "State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry __knowledge__ ESF also operates facilities in the Adirondack Park (including the Ranger School in Wanakena), the Thousand Islands, elsewhere in central New York, and Costa Rica.", "State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry __knowledge__ The College's curricula focus on the understanding, management and sustainability of the environment and natural resources.", "Syracuse Orange __knowledge__ The Syracuse Orange are the athletic teams that represent Syracuse University.", "Syracuse Orange __knowledge__ The school is a member of NCAA Division I and the Atlantic Coast Conference.", "Syracuse Orange __knowledge__ Until 2013, Syracuse was a member of the Big East Conference.", "Syracuse Orange __knowledge__ The school's mascot is Otto the Orange.", "Syracuse Orange __knowledge__ Until 2004, the teams were known as the Orangemen and Orangewomen.", "Syracuse Orange __knowledge__ The men's basketball, football, wrestling, men's lacrosse, and women's basketball teams play in the Carrier Dome.", "Syracuse Orange __knowledge__ Other sports facilities include the nearby Manley Field House complex, the Tennity Ice Skating Pavilion, and Drumlins Country Club.", "Syracuse Orange __knowledge__ Syracuse is one of the only 4 Power 5 schools that don't sponsor baseball (the other 3 being Colorado, Iowa State, and Wisconsin).", "Department of African American Studies – Syracuse University __knowledge__ The Department of African American Studies (AAS) at Syracuse University is an academic department supporting Africana studies.", "Department of African American Studies – Syracuse University __knowledge__ It is located at Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York.", "Department of African American Studies – Syracuse University __knowledge__ It is a prominent independent department at Syracuse University that has had a long history of activism and scholarship in Black and Pan African Studies.", "Department of African American Studies – Syracuse University __knowledge__ The Department supports an external community based unit that is a part of the department and has played a central role in shaping culture and arts in the Syracuse city community - Community Folk Art Center (CFAC).", "Department of African American Studies – Syracuse University __knowledge__ It has also supported the Paul Robeson Performing Arts Company (PRPAC) in the past.", "History of the New York State College of Forestry __knowledge__ The New York State College of Forestry, the first professional school of forestry in North America, opened its doors at Cornell University, in Ithaca, New York, in the autumn of 1898.", "History of the New York State College of Forestry __knowledge__ After just a few years of operation, it was defunded in 1903, by Governor Benjamin B. Odell, in response to public outcry over the College's controversial forestry practices in the Adirondacks.", "History of the New York State College of Forestry __knowledge__ Less than a decade later, in 1911, the New York State College of Forestry was reestablished at Syracuse University by the New York State Legislature, with a mandate for forest conservation.", "History of the New York State College of Forestry __knowledge__ The institution has continued to evolve and is now part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system, while still closely related and immediately adjacent to Syracuse University.", "Geneva Medical College __knowledge__ Geneva Medical College was founded on September 15, 1834, in Geneva, New York, as a separate department (college) of Geneva College, currently known as Hobart and William Smith Colleges.", "Geneva Medical College __knowledge__ In 1871, the medical school was transferred to Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York.", "Geneva Medical College __knowledge__ In 1950, the university sold the college to the State University of New York (SUNY) for $1, where it remains today.", "Geneva Medical College __knowledge__ For many years the college was known as \"SUNY Upstate Medical Center,\" until 1986, when the name was changed to \"SUNY Health Science Center at Syracuse\".", "Geneva Medical College __knowledge__ The institution was renamed to SUNY Upstate Medical University in 1999." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Syracuse () is a city in and the county seat of Onondaga County, New York, in the United States.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ It is the largest U.S. city with the name \"Syracuse\", and is the fifth most populous city in the state of New York following New York City, Buffalo, Rochester, and Yonkers.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ At the 2010 census, the city population was 145,252, and its metropolitan area had a population of 662,577.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ It is the economic and educational hub of Central New York, a region with over one million inhabitants.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Syracuse is also well-provided with convention sites, with a downtown convention complex.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Syracuse was named after the original Greek city Syracuse (Siracusa in Italian), a city on the eastern coast of the Italian island of Sicily.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ The city has functioned as a major crossroads over the last two centuries, first between the Erie Canal and its branch canals, then of the railway network.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Today, Syracuse is located at the intersection of Interstates 81 and 90, and its airport is the largest in the region.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Syracuse is home to Syracuse University, a major research university, as well as Le Moyne College, a nationally recognized liberal arts college.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ In 2010, \"Forbes\" rated Syracuse fourth in the top 10 places in the U.S. to raise a family.", "Industry in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Manufacturing and industry in Syracuse, New York proliferated from the late 1870s through the early 20th century, a period known as the Industrial Revolution.", "Industry in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ The Central New York area was home to a multitude of manufacturers in the late 19th century through the mid-1960s which produced a great era of prosperity for the city.", "Industry in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ During the early 1900s, some 87 large industries were scattered throughout the city of Syracuse.", "Industry in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ The principal businesses were located along Erie Boulevard and the city line and around the shore of Onondaga Lake and manufactured goods such as typewriters, candles, pottery, gears, electrical and air-conditioning equipment, traffic signals, plated silverware, window fixtures for trains, cast stone building blocks, clothes-pressing machines, and doorknobs.", "Railroads in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Railroads in Syracuse, New York, were first mentioned in October 1831, when a convention held in the city marked one of the earliest moves to stimulate the era of railroad building which ultimately brought steam railroad service to New York State.", "Railroads in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ At the time of the convention, the oldest railroad in Onondaga County had been in operation for two years.", "Railroads in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Out of the convention came the impetus which gave birth to the roads which consolidated in 1853 to form the New York Central Railroad which was a conglomeration of several lines and by the late 1860s, the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, another important railroad conglomerate, was also making inroads in Central New York.", "Sharon Gold __knowledge__ Sharon Gold (born February 28, 1949) is an American artist and associate professor of painting at Syracuse University.", "Sharon Gold __knowledge__ Gold's artwork has been installed at MoMA PS1, Dia Art Foundation, Carnegie Mellon University, Rose Art Museum at Brandeis University, Everson Museum of Art, and Princeton University Art Museum.", "Sharon Gold __knowledge__ She was a fellow at MacDowell Colony.", "Sharon Gold __knowledge__ Gold's work has been reviewed by Arthur Danto, Donald Kuspit, Ken Johnson, and Stephen Westfall in a variety of publications from Artforum to the New York Times, New York Magazine, Arts Magazine, Art News, and many others.", "Sharon Gold __knowledge__ She also taught at Princeton University, Pratt Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Francisco Art Institute, and the Tyler School of Art.", "Interurban and streetcar railways in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Interurban and streetcar railways flourished in Syracuse, New York until the automobile, airplane and bus took their place.", "Interurban and streetcar railways in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ The trolley or streetcar served travel within the city limits of Syracuse as early as 1859.", "Interurban and streetcar railways in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ In the beginning they were either horse-drawn or fueled by steam and by the end of the 19th century they were electric driven.", "Interurban and streetcar railways in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ The city was one of the first in the United States to adopt electricity as a transportation motive power.", "Interurban and streetcar railways in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Interurban railways had rights-of-way for higher speed traffic and linked Syracuse with the countryside.", "Interurban and streetcar railways in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ They allowed people who lived in the suburbs and farming communities to work in Syracuse.", "Syracuse University __knowledge__ Syracuse University (commonly referred to as Syracuse, 'Cuse, or SU) is a private research university in Syracuse, New York, United States.", "Syracuse University __knowledge__ The institution's roots can be traced to the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary (later becoming Genesee College), founded in 1831 by the Methodist Episcopal Church in Lima, New York.", "Syracuse University __knowledge__ After several years of debate over relocating the college to Syracuse, the university was established in 1870, independent of the college.", "Syracuse University __knowledge__ Since 1920, the university has identified itself as nonsectarian, although it maintains a relationship with The United Methodist Church.", "Syracuse University __knowledge__ The campus is in the University Hill neighborhood of Syracuse, east and southeast of downtown, on one of the larger hills.", "Franklin (automobile) __knowledge__ The Franklin Automobile Company was an American manufacturer of automobiles in the United States between 1902 and 1934 in Syracuse, New York.", "Franklin (automobile) __knowledge__ Herbert H. Franklin founded the H. H. Franklin Manufacturing Company in 1893 and, in 1901, teamed up with engineer John Wilkinson to develop an air-cooled engine.", "Franklin (automobile) __knowledge__ In 1902, the Franklin automobile was introduced.", "Franklin (automobile) __knowledge__ Because he was the primary investor, Franklin assumed control of the company, and named the auto manufacturing division Franklin Automobile Company.", "Franklin (automobile) __knowledge__ As president, he managed the company finances and business administration.", "Franklin (automobile) __knowledge__ Wilkinson was named chief engineer and granted control of the engineering and manufacturing operation.", "Methodist Episcopal Church __knowledge__ The Methodist Episcopal Church (MEC) was the oldest and largest Methodist denomination in the United States from its founding in 1784 until 1939.", "Methodist Episcopal Church __knowledge__ It was also the first religious denomination in the US to organize itself on a national basis.", "Methodist Episcopal Church __knowledge__ In 1939, the MEC reunited with two breakaway Methodist denominations (the Methodist Protestant Church and the Methodist Episcopal Church, South) to form the Methodist Church.", "Methodist Episcopal Church __knowledge__ In 1968, the Methodist Church merged with the Evangelical United Brethren Church to form the United Methodist Church.", "Methodist Episcopal Church __knowledge__ The MEC's origins lie in the First Great Awakening when Methodism emerged as an evangelical revival movement within the Church of England that stressed the necessity of being born again and the possibility of attaining Christian perfection.", "Methodism __knowledge__ Methodism or the Methodist movement is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity which derive their inspiration from the life and teachings of John Wesley.", "Methodism __knowledge__ George Whitefield and John's brother Charles Wesley were also significant early leaders in the movement.", "Methodism __knowledge__ It originated as a revival within the 18th century Church of England and became a separate denomination after Wesley's death.", "Methodism __knowledge__ The movement spread throughout the British Empire, the United States, and beyond because of vigorous missionary work, today claiming approximately 80 million adherents worldwide.", "Methodism __knowledge__ Wesley's theology focused on sanctification and the effect of faith on the character of a Christian.", "United Methodist Church __knowledge__ The United Methodist Church (UMC) is a mainline Protestant denomination and a major part of Methodism.", "United Methodist Church __knowledge__ In the 19th century, its main predecessor—the Methodist Episcopal Church—was a leader in Evangelicalism.", "United Methodist Church __knowledge__ The present denomination was founded in 1968 in Dallas, Texas by union of the Methodist Church and the Evangelical United Brethren Church.", "United Methodist Church __knowledge__ The UMC traces its roots back to the revival movement of John and Charles Wesley in England as well as the Great Awakening in the United States.", "United Methodist Church __knowledge__ As such, the church's theological orientation is decidedly Wesleyan.", "United Methodist Church __knowledge__ It embraces both liturgical and evangelical elements.", "History of Methodism in the United States __knowledge__ The history of Methodism in the United States dates back to the mid-18th Century with the ministries of early Methodist preachers such as Laurence Coughlan and Robert Strawbridge.", "History of Methodism in the United States __knowledge__ Following the American Revolution most of the Anglican clergy who had been in America came back to England.", "History of Methodism in the United States __knowledge__ John Wesley, the founder of Methodism, sent Thomas Coke to America where he and Francis Asbury founded the Methodist Episcopal Church, which was to later establish itself as the largest denomination in America during the 19th Century.", "History of Methodism in the United States __knowledge__ Methodism thrived in America thanks to the First and Second Great Awakenings beginning in the 1700s.", "African Methodist Episcopal Church __knowledge__ The African Methodist Episcopal Church, usually called the A.M.E. Church, is a predominantly African-American Methodist denomination based in the United States.", "African Methodist Episcopal Church __knowledge__ It is the first independent Protestant denomination to be founded by black people.", "African Methodist Episcopal Church __knowledge__ It was founded by the Rt.", "African Methodist Episcopal Church __knowledge__ Rev.", "African Methodist Episcopal Church __knowledge__ Richard Allen in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1816 from several black Methodist congregations in the mid-Atlantic area that wanted independence from white Methodists.", "African Methodist Episcopal Church __knowledge__ Allen was consecrated its first bishop in 1816.", "African Methodist Episcopal Church __knowledge__ It began with eight clergy and five churches, and by 1846 had grown to 176 clergy, 296 churches, and 17,375 members.", "Black church __knowledge__ The term black church or African-American church refers to Protestant churches that currently or historically have ministered to predominantly black congregations in the United States.", "Black church __knowledge__ While some black churches belong to predominantly African-American denominations, such as the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), many black churches are members of predominantly white denominations, such as the United Church of Christ (which developed from the Congregational Church of New England).", "Black church __knowledge__ Most of the first black congregations and churches formed before 1800 were founded by free blacks – for example, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Springfield Baptist Church (Augusta, Georgia); Petersburg, Virginia; and Savannah, Georgia.", "African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church __knowledge__ The African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, or the AME Zion Church or AMEZ, is a historically African-American denomination based in the United States.", "African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church __knowledge__ It was officially formed in 1821 in New York City, but operated for a number of years before then.", "African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church __knowledge__ The church can be traced back to the John Street Methodist Church of New York City.", "African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church __knowledge__ Following acts of overt discrimination (such as black parishioners being forced to leave worship), many black Christians left to form their own churches.", "African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church __knowledge__ The first church founded by the AME Zion Church was built in 1800 and was named \"Zion\".", "African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church __knowledge__ These early black churches were still part of the Methodist Episcopal Church denomination, although the congregations were independent." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Syracuse () is a city in and the county seat of Onondaga County, New York, in the United States.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ It is the largest U.S. city with the name \"Syracuse\", and is the fifth most populous city in the state of New York following New York City, Buffalo, Rochester, and Yonkers.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ At the 2010 census, the city population was 145,252, and its metropolitan area had a population of 662,577.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ It is the economic and educational hub of Central New York, a region with over one million inhabitants.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Syracuse is also well-provided with convention sites, with a downtown convention complex.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Syracuse was named after the original Greek city Syracuse (Siracusa in Italian), a city on the eastern coast of the Italian island of Sicily.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ The city has functioned as a major crossroads over the last two centuries, first between the Erie Canal and its branch canals, then of the railway network.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Today, Syracuse is located at the intersection of Interstates 81 and 90, and its airport is the largest in the region.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Syracuse is home to Syracuse University, a major research university, as well as Le Moyne College, a nationally recognized liberal arts college.", "Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ In 2010, \"Forbes\" rated Syracuse fourth in the top 10 places in the U.S. to raise a family.", "The Good Place __knowledge__ The Good Place is an American fantasy comedy television series created by Michael Schur.", "The Good Place __knowledge__ The series premiered on September 19, 2016, on NBC.", "The Good Place __knowledge__ The series focuses on Eleanor Shellstrop (Kristen Bell), a woman who wakes up in the afterlife and is introduced by Michael (Ted Danson) to \"The Good Place\", a Heaven-like utopia he designed, in reward for her righteous life.", "The Good Place __knowledge__ She realizes that she was sent there by mistake and must hide her morally imperfect behavior and try to become a better person.", "The Good Place __knowledge__ William Jackson Harper, Jameela Jamil and Manny Jacinto co-star as other residents of \"The Good Place\", together with D'Arcy Carden as Janet, an artificial being helping the inhabitants.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ Wonder Man (Simon Williams) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ Created by writer Stan Lee and artists Don Heck and Jack Kirby, he first appeared in \"The Avengers\" #9 (October 1964).", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ The character was initially introduced as a rival to Tony Stark and after being imbued with \"ionic\" energy, became a supervillain who fought the Avengers.", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ After a series of events, Simon Williams was reborn as a superhero joining the team he originally fought against.", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ In 2012, Wonder Man was ranked 38th in IGN's list of \"The Top 50 Avengers\".", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ Wonder Man debuted in the superhero-team title \"The Avengers\" #9 (cover-dated Oct. 1964), but appeared to die in that issue.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes of the British television programme \"Sugar Rush\", broadcast by Channel 4 from 2005 to 2006.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ There have been 2 series of the programme, the first airing in 2005 and the second in 2006.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Each series consists of ten episodes, each 30 minutes long, including adverts.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Episodes do not have individual titles.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The first series consists of ten episodes and follows a 15-year-old Kim's unrequited crush on Sugar.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The first episode starts with Kim and Sugar on the waltzers on Brighton Pier.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Slowly, Sugar moves in to kiss Kim.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The scene then suddenly moves to Kim in bed, under a duvet with her eyes closed, and the sound of whirring.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ It is the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU).", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film is directed by Patty Jenkins, with a screenplay by Allan Heinberg, from a story by Heinberg, Zack Snyder, and Jason Fuchs, and stars Gal Gadot as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman, alongside Chris Pine, Robin Wright, Danny Huston, David Thewlis, Connie Nielsen, and Elena Anaya.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ \"Wonder Woman\" is the second live action theatrical film featuring the titular character, following her debut in 2016's \"\".", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" (; spelling variations include \"okay\", \"O.K.", "OK __knowledge__ \", \"ok\") is an English word denoting approval, acceptance, agreement, assent, or acknowledgment.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" is frequently used as a loanword in other languages.", "OK __knowledge__ It has been described as the most frequently spoken or written word on the planet.", "OK __knowledge__ As an adjective, \"OK\" principally means \"adequate\" or \"acceptable\" as a contrast to \"bad\" (\"The boss approved this, so it is OK to send out\"); it can also mean \"mediocre\" when used in contrast with \"good\" (\"The french fries were great, but the burger was just OK\").", "OK __knowledge__ It fulfills a similar role as an adverb (\"Wow, you did OK for your first time skiing!\").", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The following is a list of episodes from the American animated children's television series, \"Wonder Pets!\".", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ It debuted on March 3, 2006, on the Nick Jr. block of the Nickelodeon cable television network and Noggin (now Nick Jr.) on December 27, 2006.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ 1.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ Save the Dolphin!/Save the Chimp!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Air Date 9/18/06) The Wonder Pets travel to Hawaii to save a baby dolphin caught in a fishing net who is in danger of drowning.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The Wonder Pets rig their Flyboat for space travel and head for the stars to rescue a baby chimp whose spaceship is about to be hit by a meteor!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Fact: Christine Ka'aloa plays the mother dolphin in this first episode.)", "Clawthorpe __knowledge__ Clawthorpe is a hamlet in the South Lakeland District, in the county of Cumbria.", "Clawthorpe __knowledge__ It is near the village of Burton-in-Kendal and the town of Kendal.", "Clawthorpe __knowledge__ Clawthorpe is on the A6070 road and nearly on the M6 motorway, but there is no access to Clawthorpe from the M6 motorway.", "Clawthorpe __knowledge__ http://www.ukvillages.co.uk/Place/5788/Clawthorpe-Cumbria", "History of Sussex County, New Jersey __knowledge__ The history of Sussex County, New Jersey spans over 13,000 years from the time Paleo Indians arrived after the Wisconsin glacier melted to the present day, and the entire width of the American experience.", "History of Sussex County, New Jersey __knowledge__ Before Europeans arrived, the area was a wilderness with large areas of forests and grasslands inhabited by bands of Munsee, a subgroup within the Lenape, or Delaware Indians.", "History of Sussex County, New Jersey __knowledge__ The Netherlands claimed the area in the early 1600s, although the area was never settled when the Netherlands had control of the area.", "History of Sussex County, New Jersey __knowledge__ First settled by Dutch colonists from the New Netherland Colony in the early 1700s, after the area came under English control.", "Burton-in-Kendal __knowledge__ Burton in Kendal is a village and civil parish on the extreme southern edge of Cumbria, England.", "Burton-in-Kendal __knowledge__ It contains around 600 houses and has a population of 1,411, increasing to 1,497 at the 2011 Census.", "Burton-in-Kendal __knowledge__ Historically within the county of Westmorland, the village straddles the A6070 road between Crooklands and Carnforth, at a point around midway between Lancaster and Kendal, and is in the shadow of the nearby limestone outcrop known as Farleton Knott.", "Burton-in-Kendal __knowledge__ The ancient village church is dedicated to St James.", "Burton-in-Kendal __knowledge__ In the 18th century Burton was home to an important corn market.", "Burton-in-Kendal __knowledge__ The composer Felix Borowski was born in the village in March, 1872.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail spans fourteen U.S. states during its journey that is long, including Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ It begins at Springer Mountain, Georgia, and follows the ridgeline of the Appalachian Mountains, crossing many of its highest peaks and running with only a few exceptions almost continuously through wilderness before ending at Mount Katahdin, Maine.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ The trail is currently protected along more than 99% of its course by federal or state land ownership or right-of-way.", "Jacobus Swartwout __knowledge__ Jacobus Swartwout II (born 5 November 1734 in Wiccopee, Fishkill, Dutchess County, Province of New York; died 16 February 1827 in Swartwoutville, Dutchess, New York) was an early American landowner, statesman, and military leader.", "Jacobus Swartwout __knowledge__ Swartwout served as a Brigadier General in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War under General George Washington.", "Jacobus Swartwout __knowledge__ He was a close ally of many key Founding Fathers of the United States, and a delegate to New York State's convention for ratification of the US Constitution.", "Jacobus Swartwout __knowledge__ Swartwout was the son of Major Jacobus Swartwout (d.1749), great grandson of Roeloff Swartwout, and great great grandson of Tomys Swartwout.", "New Order Amish __knowledge__ The New Order Amish are a subgroup of Amish which is close to the Old Order Amish.", "New Order Amish __knowledge__ Some scholars see the group best described as a subgroup of Old Order Amish, despite the name.", "New Order Amish __knowledge__ New Order Amish split away from the Old Order Amish in the 1960s for a variety of reasons, which included a desire for \"clean\" youth courting standards, meaning they do not condone the practice of bundling, or non-sexually lying in bed together, during courtship.", "New Order Amish __knowledge__ Tobacco and alcohol are also not allowed.", "New Order Amish __knowledge__ They also wished to incorporate more evangelical elements into the church, including Sunday school and mission work.", "New Order Amish __knowledge__ The New Order Amish emerged mainly in two regions: Lancaster County, Pennsylvania and Holmes/Wayne County, Ohio.", "Hopewell, New York __knowledge__ Hopewell is a town in Ontario County, New York, United States.", "Hopewell, New York __knowledge__ The population was 3,747 at the 2010 census.", "Hopewell, New York __knowledge__ The Town of Hopewell is in the north central part of the county, east of the City of Canandaigua.", "Hopewell, New York __knowledge__ \"Significant portions of this section is sourced from Conover, Chapter XXV.\"", "Hopewell, New York __knowledge__ The Seneca Indian village of Onnaghee (or Onaghee, aka Snyder-McClure village) was located in Hopewell.", "Hopewell, New York __knowledge__ It was abandoned sometime before 1750, and the former residents likely founded the newer village at Canandaigua.", "Hopewell, New York __knowledge__ Settled beginning in 1789, the town of Hopewell, New York, was originally part of a tract of land first called \"District of Easton\" and then \"Lincoln\" and was part of the Phelps and Gorham Purchase of 1788." ] ]

[ 24, 12, 1, 5 ]

[ "I have not, but I have heard good things about Syracuse University, the private college in the city", "I know it can be traced back to 1831, by the Methodist Episcopal Church in Lima New York", "It is located in Onodaga County New York", "It has a lot of conevetion sites, included at downtown convention center. There is always something going on in town" ]

[ "Syracuse, New York", "Syracuse, New York", "Syracuse, New York", "Syracuse, New York" ]

[ "Cinematography", "What kind of things do you film?", "Sounds interesting! What stories do you like? The same?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Cinematography (also called \"Direction of Photography\") is the science or art of motion-picture photography by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as film stock.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Typically, a lens is used to repeatedly focus the light reflected from objects into real images on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a questioned exposure, creating multiple images.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ With an electronic image sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a video file for subsequent display or processing.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ The result with photographic emulsion is a series of invisible latent images on the film stock, which are later chemically \"developed\" into a visible image.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ The images on the film stock are played back at a rapid speed and projected onto a screen, creating the illusion of motion.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Cinematography finds uses in many fields of science and business as well as for entertainment purposes and mass communication.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ The word \"cinematography\" was created from the Greek words (\"kinema\"), meaning \"movement, motion\" and (\"graphein\") meaning \"to record\", together meaning \"recording motion.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Cinematography (also called \"Direction of Photography\") is the science or art of motion-picture photography by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as film stock.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Typically, a lens is used to repeatedly focus the light reflected from objects into real images on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a questioned exposure, creating multiple images.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ With an electronic image sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a video file for subsequent display or processing.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ The result with photographic emulsion is a series of invisible latent images on the film stock, which are later chemically \"developed\" into a visible image.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ The images on the film stock are played back at a rapid speed and projected onto a screen, creating the illusion of motion.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Cinematography finds uses in many fields of science and business as well as for entertainment purposes and mass communication.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ The word \"cinematography\" was created from the Greek words (\"kinema\"), meaning \"movement, motion\" and (\"graphein\") meaning \"to record\", together meaning \"recording motion.\"", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Stranger Things __knowledge__ Stranger Things is an American science fiction-horror web television series created, written, directed and co-executive produced by The Duffer Brothers, as well as co-executive produced by Shawn Levy and Dan Cohen.", "Stranger Things __knowledge__ The first season, released in July 2016, stars Winona Ryder, David Harbour, Finn Wolfhard, Millie Bobby Brown, Gaten Matarazzo, Caleb McLaughlin, Natalia Dyer, Charlie Heaton, Cara Buono and Matthew Modine, with Noah Schnapp and Joe Keery in recurring roles.", "Stranger Things __knowledge__ For the second season, Schnapp and Keery were promoted to series regulars, along with the additions of Sadie Sink, Dacre Montgomery, Sean Astin and Paul Reiser.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is the film and television scores composed by various composers for the films and television series of that franchise.", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Ramin Djawadi provided the first MCU music with his original score for \"Iron Man\" in 2008.", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Alan Silvestri was the first composer to work on multiple MCU films after he transitioned from scoring \"\" (2011) to \"Marvel's The Avengers\" (2012), while Brian Tyler was the first composer to reference the work of another MCU composer when he quoted Silvestri's \"Captain America March\" in his score for \"\" (2013).", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Original music has also been composed for the Marvel One-Shots short film series, and other related projects of the MCU, including the fanfares for the two Marvel Studios logos, composed by Tyler and Michael Giacchino, respectively.", "Star Wars (film) __knowledge__ Star Wars (later retitled Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope) is a 1977 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas.", "Star Wars (film) __knowledge__ It is the first film in the original \"Star Wars\" trilogy and the beginning of the \"Star Wars\" franchise.", "Star Wars (film) __knowledge__ Starring Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Peter Cushing, Alec Guinness, David Prowse, James Earl Jones, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, and Peter Mayhew, the film's plot focuses on the Rebel Alliance, led by Princess Leia (Fisher), and its attempt to destroy the Galactic Empire's space station, the Death Star.", "Star Wars (film) __knowledge__ This conflict disrupts the isolated life of farmhand Luke Skywalker (Hamill), who inadvertently acquires two droids that possess stolen architectural plans for the Death Star.", "All Creatures Great and Small (TV series) __knowledge__ All Creatures Great and Small is a British television series based on the books of the British veterinary surgeon Alf Wight, who wrote under the pseudonym James Herriot.", "All Creatures Great and Small (TV series) __knowledge__ In 1977, the BBC tasked producer Bill Sellars with the creation of a television series from Herriot's first two novels, \"If Only They Could Talk\" and \"It Shouldn't Happen to a Vet\", using the title of the 1975 film adaptation.", "All Creatures Great and Small (TV series) __knowledge__ The Herriot novels were written in an episodic style, with each chapter generally containing a short story within the ongoing narrative of Herriot's life.", "All Creatures Great and Small (TV series) __knowledge__ This format greatly facilitated their adaptation for a television series.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Crying at the Discoteque __knowledge__ \"Crying at the Discoteque\" is a song performed by Swedish band Alcazar, from their debut studio album \"Casino\" (2000).", "Crying at the Discoteque __knowledge__ It samples Sheila and B.", "Crying at the Discoteque __knowledge__ Devotion's 1979 hit \"Spacer\".", "Crying at the Discoteque __knowledge__ During the year 2001, the song became their first international hit-single.", "Crying at the Discoteque __knowledge__ Alexander Bard produced this song and can be heard in the middle of this song (he is also featured in the videoclip).", "Crying at the Discoteque __knowledge__ In Finland \"Crying at the Discoteque\" became a hit in 2000, peaking at number 8 in the main singles chart, and staying in the Official Finnish Dance chart for 34 weeks.", "Crying at the Discoteque __knowledge__ By the end of the year 2002 \"Crying at the Discoteque\" sold over 2.5 million copies worldwide.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ Good Game is an Australian television gaming programme produced by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), which aired on ABC2.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ Created by Janet Carr, Jeremy Ray and Michael Makowski.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ The show began in 2006 and includes a mix of gaming news, reviews, and features.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ The original hosts were Jeremy \"Junglist\" Ray and Michael \"Kapowski\" Makowski; the latter was replaced by Steven \"Bajo\" O'Donnell in 2007, and the former was replaced by Stephanie \"Hex\" Bendixsen in 2009.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ Other on screen presenters included field reporter Gus \"Goose\" Ronald and Dave Callan.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ The show is named after the friendly phrase gamers traditionally say after completing a competitive match.", "Production of Avengers: Infinity War and the untitled Avengers sequel __knowledge__ \"\" and its untitled sequel are upcoming American superhero films based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.", "Production of Avengers: Infinity War and the untitled Avengers sequel __knowledge__ They are intended to be the sequels to \"Marvel's The Avengers\" (2012) and \"\" (2015), and to serve as the nineteenth and twenty-second films of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) respectively.", "Production of Avengers: Infinity War and the untitled Avengers sequel __knowledge__ Both films are directed by Anthony and Joe Russo from screenplays by the writing team of Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely, and feature an ensemble cast composed of many previous MCU actors.", "Production of Avengers: Infinity War and the untitled Avengers sequel __knowledge__ Development of the films began in Marvel Studios' early films by introducing the Infinity Stones and the Infinity Gauntlet.", "Stanley Kubrick __knowledge__ Stanley Kubrick (; July 26, 1928 – March 7, 1999) was an American film director, screenwriter, and producer.", "Stanley Kubrick __knowledge__ He is frequently cited as one of the greatest and most influential directors in cinematic history.", "Stanley Kubrick __knowledge__ His films, which are mostly adaptations of novels or short stories, cover a wide range of genres, and are noted for their realism, dark humor, unique cinematography, extensive set designs, and evocative use of music.", "Stanley Kubrick __knowledge__ Kubrick was raised in the Bronx, New York City, and attended William Howard Taft High School from 1941 to 1945.", "Stanley Kubrick __knowledge__ Although he only received average grades, Kubrick displayed a keen interest in literature, photography, and film from a young age, and taught himself all aspects of film production and directing after graduating from high school." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Cinematography (also called \"Direction of Photography\") is the science or art of motion-picture photography by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as film stock.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Typically, a lens is used to repeatedly focus the light reflected from objects into real images on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a questioned exposure, creating multiple images.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ With an electronic image sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a video file for subsequent display or processing.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ The result with photographic emulsion is a series of invisible latent images on the film stock, which are later chemically \"developed\" into a visible image.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ The images on the film stock are played back at a rapid speed and projected onto a screen, creating the illusion of motion.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Cinematography finds uses in many fields of science and business as well as for entertainment purposes and mass communication.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ The word \"cinematography\" was created from the Greek words (\"kinema\"), meaning \"movement, motion\" and (\"graphein\") meaning \"to record\", together meaning \"recording motion.\"", "Arthur Penhallow __knowledge__ Arthur Penhallow (born December 20, 1943) is a radio presenter in Detroit, Michigan who hosted afternoons on active rock station WRIF from 1970-2009.", "Arthur Penhallow __knowledge__ On March 30, 2009, WRIF owner Greater Media announced that the station and Penhallow had been unable to come to terms on a new contract.", "Arthur Penhallow __knowledge__ Penhallow was born in Honolulu, Hawaii.", "Arthur Penhallow __knowledge__ Arthur being a Vietnam veteran served in the USAF from 1962 through 1968.", "Arthur Penhallow __knowledge__ Before beginning his long tenure with WRIF, Art had toured with a band that played with the Mamas & the Papas, among others.", "Arthur Penhallow __knowledge__ Under the name \"Cicero Grimes\", he worked at WNRZ in Ann Arbor in 1970, and then moved to WRIF's predecessor, WXYZ-FM, which at the time was airing a syndicated progressive-rock format distributed by ABC called \"Love\".", "Derek Jewell __knowledge__ Derek Jewell, (1927 - 21 November 1985) was a British writer, broadcaster and music critic.", "Derek Jewell __knowledge__ A music critic for the London \"Sunday Times\" for twenty-three years, Jewell wrote extensively about jazz, and also introduced British audiences to avant garde jazz, rock and improvisational music, especially through live performances on his BBC Radio show, \"Sounds Interesting\".", "Derek Jewell __knowledge__ In addition to producing columns of music criticism for the \"Sunday Times\" (he also wrote periodically for the now-defunct \"Illustrated London News\"), Jewell was the author of a number of books about popular music including \"The Popular Voice\" (1980), \"Duke - A Portrait of Duke Ellington\" (1977), and \"Frank Sinatra\" (co-written with George Perry, 1985).", "Keith Emerson __knowledge__ Keith Noel Emerson (2 November 1944 – 11 March 2016) was an English musician and composer.", "Keith Emerson __knowledge__ He played keyboards in a number of bands before finding his first commercial success with the Nice in the late 1960s.", "Keith Emerson __knowledge__ He became internationally famous for his work with the Nice, which included writing rock arrangements of classical music.", "Keith Emerson __knowledge__ After leaving the Nice in 1970, he was a founding member of Emerson, Lake & Palmer (ELP), one of the early progressive rock supergroups.", "Keith Emerson __knowledge__ Emerson, Lake & Palmer were commercially successful through much of the 1970s, becoming one of the best-known progressive rock groups of the era.", "WRIF __knowledge__ WRIF (101.1 FM) is a commercial active rock radio station licensed in Detroit, Michigan and serving Metro Detroit.", "WRIF __knowledge__ The station is currently owned by Beasley Media Group.", "WRIF __knowledge__ WRIF is a grandfathered \"Superpower\" Class B station with a signal equivalent to 92,000 watts at 500 ft; stated another way, under current U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) limits for Class B stations, WRIF would be allowed to broadcast an effective radiated power (ERP) of at most 16,000 watts using an antenna 268 meters high.", "WRIF __knowledge__ As such, the signal can be heard as far as Lexington, MI; Jackson; Chatham-Kent and Lambton County, Ontario; North Baltimore, Ohio; and occasionally as far south as Delaware, Ohio.", "Nine Inch Nails __knowledge__ Nine Inch Nails, commonly abbreviated as NIN (stylized as NIИ), is an American industrial band founded in 1988 by Trent Reznor in Cleveland, Ohio.", "Nine Inch Nails __knowledge__ The band released two influential albums during the 1990s—\"The Downward Spiral\" (1994) and \"The Fragile\" (1999)—and has record sales exceeding over 20 million copies worldwide, with 10 million sales certified in the United States alone.", "Nine Inch Nails __knowledge__ Despite its success, the band has had several feuds with the corporate side of the recording industry.", "Nine Inch Nails __knowledge__ The first was its notable conflict with TVT Records regarding the band's first album, \"Pretty Hate Machine\", which led Reznor to record his follow-up album in secrecy to avoid the label's influence.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Curious George 2: Follow That Monkey! __knowledge__ Curious George 2: Follow That Monkey!", "Curious George 2: Follow That Monkey! __knowledge__ is a 2009 animated comedy film of the children's stories by H.A.", "Curious George 2: Follow That Monkey! __knowledge__ Rey and Margret Rey.", "Curious George 2: Follow That Monkey! __knowledge__ It is a sequel to the successful 2006 theatrical feature film \"Curious George\".", "Curious George 2: Follow That Monkey! __knowledge__ It was originally titled \"Curious George 2: Monkey on the Run\".", "Curious George 2: Follow That Monkey! __knowledge__ It was released straight to DVD.", "Curious George 2: Follow That Monkey! __knowledge__ Frank Welker reprises his role as George while Will Ferrell the voice of Ted (The Man With Yellow Hat) was replaced by Jeff Bennett and Drew Barrymore the voice of Maggie was replaced by Nickie Bryar and Dick Van Dyke the voice of Mr. Bloomsberry was replaced by Fred Tatasciore especially, Clint Howard voices Balloon Man in the first film, but in the sequel, Howard voices Farmer Dan.", "Entertainment __knowledge__ Entertainment is a form of activity that holds the attention and interest of an audience, or gives pleasure and delight.", "Entertainment __knowledge__ It can be an idea or a task, but is more likely to be one of the activities or events that have developed over thousands of years specifically for the purpose of keeping an audience's attention.", "Entertainment __knowledge__ Although people's attention is held by different things, because individuals have different preferences in entertainment, most forms are recognisable and familiar.", "Entertainment __knowledge__ Storytelling, music, drama, dance, and different kinds of performance exist in all cultures, were supported in royal courts, developed into sophisticated forms and over time became available to all citizens.", "Yahoo! Kids __knowledge__ Yahoo!", "Yahoo! Kids __knowledge__ Kids (known as Yahoo!きっず in Japan) is a public web portal provided by Yahoo!", "Yahoo! Kids __knowledge__ Japan to find age appropriate online content for children between the ages of four and twelve.", "Yahoo! Kids __knowledge__ This site was formerly available in English via Yahoo!, where it was known as Yahooligans!", "Yahoo! Kids __knowledge__ until November 2006, and in Korean via Yahoo!", "Yahoo! Kids __knowledge__ Korea.", "Yahoo! Kids __knowledge__ The website is used for both educational and entertainment purposes.", "Yahoo! Kids __knowledge__ It was established in March 1996 by Yahoo!", "Yahoo! Kids __knowledge__ to give children a venue to find appropriate, safe Internet content.", "Yahoo! Kids __knowledge__ Yahoo!", "Yahoo! Kids __knowledge__ Kids is the oldest online search directory for children.", "Yahoo! Kids __knowledge__ Yahoo!", "Yahoo! Kids __knowledge__ Kids and other less popular products were discontinued in English on April 30, 2013 and Korean earlier in the year, allowing the company to redirect its resources to mobile applications.", "Rhetoric __knowledge__ Rhetoric is the art of discourse, wherein a writer or speaker strives to inform, persuade or motivate particular audiences in specific situations.", "Rhetoric __knowledge__ As a subject of formal study and a productive civic practice, rhetoric has played a central role in the European tradition.", "Rhetoric __knowledge__ Its best known definition comes from Aristotle, who considers it a counterpart of both logic and politics, and calls it \"the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion.\"", "Rhetoric __knowledge__ Rhetoric typically provides heuristics for understanding, discovering, and developing arguments for particular situations, such as Aristotle's three persuasive audience appeals, logos, pathos, and ethos.", "Teso College Aloet __knowledge__ Teso College Aloet (TCA) was established in 1953.", "Teso College Aloet __knowledge__ Teso College is an all-male preparatory school, a boarding school, located in Aloet, Soroti, in Uganda.", "Teso College Aloet __knowledge__ As of 2014, Teso College has 1,574 students.", "Teso College Aloet __knowledge__ Over 30,000 students have graduated from TCA since its establishment.", "Teso College Aloet __knowledge__ Teso College ranks in the top 50 in the Ugandan national examinations performance listing.", "Teso College Aloet __knowledge__ Students at Teso College have access to a full array of co-curricular activities, including clubs and sports.", "Teso College Aloet __knowledge__ Teso College's mission is to educate the future leaders of Uganda.", "Teso College Aloet __knowledge__ Teso College was started in 1953 through the initiative of the local people from the Aloet area, with the support of Leo Okol, the Chairman of the Teso District Council at the time.", "Cinema of Nigeria __knowledge__ The cinema of Nigeria, often referred to informally as Nollywood, consists of films produced in Nigeria; its history dates back to as early as the late 19th century and into the colonial era in the early 20th century.", "Cinema of Nigeria __knowledge__ The history and development of the Nigerian motion picture industry is sometimes generally classified in four main eras: the Colonial era, Golden Age, Video film era and the emerging New Nigerian cinema.", "Cinema of Nigeria __knowledge__ Film as a medium first arrived Nigeria in the late 19th century, in the form of peephole viewing of motion picture devices.", "Cinema of Nigeria __knowledge__ These were soon replaced in early 20th century with improved motion picture exhibition devices, with the first set of films screened at the Glover Memorial Hall in Lagos from 12 to 22 August 1903.", "Multimodality __knowledge__ In its most basic sense, multimodality is a theory of communication and social semiotics.", "Multimodality __knowledge__ Multimodality describes communication practices in terms of the textual, aural, linguistic, spatial, and visual resources - or modes - used to compose messages.", "Multimodality __knowledge__ Where media are concerned, multimodality is the use of several modes (media) to create a single artifact.", "Multimodality __knowledge__ The collection of these modes, or elements, contributes to how multimodality affects different rhetorical situations, or opportunities for increasing an audience's reception of an idea or concept.", "Multimodality __knowledge__ Everything from the placement of images to the organization of the content creates meaning." ] ]

[ 0, 6, 4 ]

[ "I am really into filming things and stories.", "I film for the fields of science and business as well as for entertainment purposes.", "I like photographic emulsion, the series of invisible latent images on the film stock" ]

[ "Cinematography", "Cinematography", "Cinematography" ]

[ "McDonald's", "McDonald's is so gooood. I love their french fries!", "Yes, McDonald's always makes me feel guilty after I eat it. It is quite unhealthy for sure.", "Oh, are you talking about the filet o fish? I don't really like fish but I can tolerate that. I've always wondered but how long has McDonald's been around?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is a fast food company that was founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The first time a McDonald's franchise used the Golden Arches logo was in 1953 at a location in Phoenix, Arizona.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In 1955, Ray Kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's had its original headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois, but has approved plans to move its global headquarters to Chicago by 2018.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is the world's largest restaurant chain by revenue, serving over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries across approximately 36,900 outlets as of 2016.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ Although McDonald's is known for its hamburgers, they also sell cheeseburgers, chicken products, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes, wraps, and desserts.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In response to changing consumer tastes and a negative backlash because of the unhealthiness of their food, the company has added to its menu salads, fish, smoothies, and fruit.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The McDonald's Corporation revenues come from the rent, royalties, and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is a fast food company that was founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The first time a McDonald's franchise used the Golden Arches logo was in 1953 at a location in Phoenix, Arizona.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In 1955, Ray Kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's had its original headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois, but has approved plans to move its global headquarters to Chicago by 2018.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is the world's largest restaurant chain by revenue, serving over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries across approximately 36,900 outlets as of 2016.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ Although McDonald's is known for its hamburgers, they also sell cheeseburgers, chicken products, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes, wraps, and desserts.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In response to changing consumer tastes and a negative backlash because of the unhealthiness of their food, the company has added to its menu salads, fish, smoothies, and fruit.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The McDonald's Corporation revenues come from the rent, royalties, and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants.", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries (North American English), chips (British English), finger chips (Indian English), or French-fried potatoes are \"batonnet\" or \"allumette\"-cut deep-fried potatoes.", "French fries __knowledge__ In the United States and most of Canada, the term \"fries\" refers to all dishes of fried elongated pieces of potatoes, while in the United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa (rarely), Ireland and New Zealand, thinly cut fried potatoes are sometimes called \"shoestring fries\" or \"skinny fries\" to distinguish them from the thicker-cut \"chips\".", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries are served hot, either soft or crispy, and are generally eaten as part of lunch or dinner or by themselves as a snack, and they commonly appear on the menus of diners, fast food restaurants, pubs, and bars.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "List of accompaniments to french fries __knowledge__ French fries are almost always salted just after cooking.", "List of accompaniments to french fries __knowledge__ They are then served with a variety of condiments, notably ketchup, curry, curry ketchup (mildly hot mix of the former two), hot or chili sauce, mustard, mayonnaise, honey mustard, bearnaise sauce, tartar sauce, tzatziki, feta cheese, garlic sauce, fry sauce, ranch dressing, barbecue sauce, gravy, brown sauce, vinegar (especially malt vinegar), lemon, piccalilli, pickled cucumber, gherkins, very small pickled onions, fresh cheese curds (especially Canada), or honey.", "List of accompaniments to french fries __knowledge__ Even the smallest Belgian town has a \"frietkot\" (literally, \"fries shack\").", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "McDonald's legal cases __knowledge__ McDonald's has been involved in a number of lawsuits and other legal cases in the course of the fast food chain's 70-year history.", "McDonald's legal cases __knowledge__ Many of these have involved trademark issues, but McDonald's has also launched a defamation suit which has been described as \"the biggest corporate PR disaster in history\".", "McDonald's legal cases __knowledge__ On 30 August 2013, McDonald's published a public notice in select newspapers, declaring that McDonald's India partner Vikram Bakshi had ceased to be the managing director of Connaught Plaza Restaurants (CPRL) pursuant to the expiration of his term on July 17, 2013.", "McDonald's legal cases __knowledge__ CPRL, a joint venture between McDonald's and Vikram Bakshi, is responsible for managing the over 150 McDonald's outlets in North and East regions of India.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ This history of McDonald's is an overview of the original restaurant and of the chain.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ The McDonald family moved from Manchester, New Hampshire to Hollywood, California in the late 1930s, where brothers Richard and Maurice McDonald began working as set movers and handymen at Motion-Picture studios.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ In 1937, their father Patrick McDonald opened \"The Airdrome\", a food stand, on Huntington Drive (Route 66) near the Monrovia Airport in the Los Angeles County city of Monrovia, California with hot dogs being one of the first items sold.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ Hamburgers were later added to the menu at a cost of ten cents with all-you-can-drink orange juice at five cents.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ A fast food restaurant, also known as a quick service restaurant (QSR) within the industry, is a specific type of restaurant that serves fast food cuisine and has minimal table service.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ The food served in fast food restaurants is typically part of a \"meat-sweet diet\", offered from a limited menu, cooked in bulk in advance and kept hot, finished and packaged to order, and usually available for take away, though seating may be provided.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ Fast food restaurants are typically part of a restaurant chain or franchise operation that provisions standardized ingredients and/or partially prepared foods and supplies to each restaurant through controlled supply channels.", "Fast food __knowledge__ Fast food is a mass-produced food that is prepared and served very quickly.", "Fast food __knowledge__ The food is typically less nutritionally valuable compared to other foods and dishes.", "Fast food __knowledge__ While any meal with low preparation time can be considered fast food, typically the term refers to food sold in a restaurant or store with frozen, preheated or precooked ingredients, and served to the customer in a packaged form for take-out/take-away.", "Fast food __knowledge__ Fast food restaurants are traditionally distinguished by their ability to serve food via a drive-through.", "Fast food __knowledge__ Outlets may be stands or kiosks, which may provide no shelter or seating, or fast food restaurants (also known as \"quick service restaurants\").", "Criticism of fast food __knowledge__ Criticism of fast food includes claimed negative health effects, alleged animal cruelty, cases of worker exploitation, and claims of cultural degradation via shifts in people's eating patterns away from traditional foods.", "Criticism of fast food __knowledge__ Fast food chains have come under fire from consumer groups, such as the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a longtime fast food critic over issues such as caloric content, trans fats and portion sizes.", "Criticism of fast food __knowledge__ Social scientists have highlighted how the prominence of fast food narratives in popular urban legends suggests that modern consumers have an ambivalent relationship (characterized by guilt) with fast food, particularly in relation to children.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination.", "Fast food in China __knowledge__ Western-style fast food in China is a recent phenomenon, dating back only to January 1984 when McDonald's opened its first outlet in Taipei, Taiwan Province in the Republic of China.", "Fast food in China __knowledge__ In October 1987, Kentucky Fried Chicken, still the most popular fast food chain in China, established its first restaurant in the People's Republic of China (mainland area), located in Beijing.", "Fast food in China __knowledge__ KFC was later followed by McDonald's, which remains China's number two foreign fast food option.", "Fast food in China __knowledge__ In addition to American style fast food, China has many local options, including a slew of restaurants that attempt to imitate fast food, particularly KFC." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is a fast food company that was founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The first time a McDonald's franchise used the Golden Arches logo was in 1953 at a location in Phoenix, Arizona.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In 1955, Ray Kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's had its original headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois, but has approved plans to move its global headquarters to Chicago by 2018.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is the world's largest restaurant chain by revenue, serving over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries across approximately 36,900 outlets as of 2016.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ Although McDonald's is known for its hamburgers, they also sell cheeseburgers, chicken products, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes, wraps, and desserts.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In response to changing consumer tastes and a negative backlash because of the unhealthiness of their food, the company has added to its menu salads, fish, smoothies, and fruit.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The McDonald's Corporation revenues come from the rent, royalties, and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ Jiya Jale was a popular Hindi TV serial that aired on 9X channel from 19 November 2007 to 19 June 2008, Monday to Thursday at 8:30 pm IND / 9.00pm UK, based on the concept of love story of Sunaina and Chandan.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show was replaced by Dahhej, another popular show on 9X.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show aired again on 9X in 2009 due to its popularity.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show also aired on Zee Anmol and Zee Lamhee in 2015.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story is based on the life of an ordinary girl Sunaina, who was brought up in a close and caring family.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story takes off when Sunaina has just fallen in the love with the idea of love, when she meets Chandan.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes Maria Theresa Immaculata McQueen (also Owen, Fisher and Browning) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\", played by Jennifer Metcalfe.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ She debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 19 June 2006 as the first character to be introduced to the series by series producer, Bryan Kirkwood.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ In 2008 Metcalfe feared that the character was to be axed but was later reassured by the series producer that she would not be.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Metcalfe later stated her intention to stay with the series.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes is part of the McQueen family and is the longest serving McQueen on the series.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ One Tree Hill is an American television series created by Mark Schwahn for The WB in 2003.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ After its third season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which then became the broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ Schwahn served as executive producer while also writing and directing for the show, including the premieres and finales of all seasons.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ The show began with nine main characters in its first season.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ After that, characters from that first season left the show, with new main characters having been both written in and out of the series.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ Originally, it followed two half-brothers Lucas and Nathan Scott who started out as enemies but later formed a close bond as brothers.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ This history of McDonald's is an overview of the original restaurant and of the chain.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ The McDonald family moved from Manchester, New Hampshire to Hollywood, California in the late 1930s, where brothers Richard and Maurice McDonald began working as set movers and handymen at Motion-Picture studios.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ In 1937, their father Patrick McDonald opened \"The Airdrome\", a food stand, on Huntington Drive (Route 66) near the Monrovia Airport in the Los Angeles County city of Monrovia, California with hot dogs being one of the first items sold.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ Hamburgers were later added to the menu at a cost of ten cents with all-you-can-drink orange juice at five cents.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1955, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ The company did not add another permanent hamburger to its menu until the introduction of the Big King sandwich in 1996 in response to McDonald's Big Mac sandwich.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ The company began experimenting with premium hamburgers, made from higher quality ingredients, in 1978 with the introduction of its Specialty Sandwich product line.", "Burger King __knowledge__ Burger King (BK) is an American global chain of hamburger fast food restaurants.", "Burger King __knowledge__ Headquartered in the unincorporated area of Miami-Dade County, Florida, the company was founded in 1953 as InstaBurger King, a Jacksonville, Florida-based restaurant chain.", "Burger King __knowledge__ After Insta-Burger King ran into financial difficulties in 1954, its two Miami-based franchisees David Edgerton and James McLamore purchased the company and renamed it \"Burger King\".", "Burger King __knowledge__ Over the next half-century, the company would change hands four times, with its third set of owners, a partnership of TPG Capital, Bain Capital, and Goldman Sachs Capital Partners, taking it public in 2002.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Taco Bell is an American chain of fast food restaurants based out of Irvine, California and a subsidiary of Yum!", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Brands, Inc.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ The restaurants serve a variety of Tex-Mex foods that include tacos, burritos, quesadillas, nachos, novelty and specialty items, and a variety of \"value menu\" items.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ , Taco Bell serves more than 2 billion customers each year at 7,000 restaurants, more than 80 percent of which are owned and operated by independent franchisees and licensees.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Taco Bell was founded by Glen Bell, who first opened a hot dog stand called Bell's Drive-In in San Bernardino, California in 1946 when he was 23 years old.", "Big King __knowledge__ The Big King sandwich was one of the major hamburger products sold by the international fast-food restaurant chain Burger King, and was part of its menu for more than twenty years.", "Big King __knowledge__ As of October, 2017, it is not offered for sale in the United States.", "Big King __knowledge__ During its testing phase in 1996–1997, it was originally called the Double Supreme and was configured similarly to the McDonald's Big Mac—including a three piece roll.", "Big King __knowledge__ It was later reformulated as a more standard double burger during the latter part of product testing in 1997.", "Big King __knowledge__ It was given its current name when the product was formally introduced in September 1997, but maintained the more conventional double cheeseburger format.", "Wendy's __knowledge__ Wendy's is an American international fast food restaurant chain founded by Dave Thomas on November 15, 1969, in Columbus, Ohio.", "Wendy's __knowledge__ The company moved its headquarters to Dublin, Ohio, on January 29, 2006.", "Wendy's __knowledge__ As of 2016, Wendy's was the world's third largest hamburger fast food chain with 6,500+ locations, following Burger King and McDonald's.", "Wendy's __knowledge__ On April 24, 2008, the company announced a merger with Triarc Companies Inc., a publicly traded company and the parent company of Arby's.", "Wendy's __knowledge__ Despite the new ownership, Wendy's headquarters remained in Dublin.", "Wendy's __knowledge__ Previously, Wendy's had rejected more than two buyout offers from Triarc." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is a fast food company that was founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The first time a McDonald's franchise used the Golden Arches logo was in 1953 at a location in Phoenix, Arizona.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In 1955, Ray Kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's had its original headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois, but has approved plans to move its global headquarters to Chicago by 2018.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is the world's largest restaurant chain by revenue, serving over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries across approximately 36,900 outlets as of 2016.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ Although McDonald's is known for its hamburgers, they also sell cheeseburgers, chicken products, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes, wraps, and desserts.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In response to changing consumer tastes and a negative backlash because of the unhealthiness of their food, the company has added to its menu salads, fish, smoothies, and fruit.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The McDonald's Corporation revenues come from the rent, royalties, and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants.", "Filet-O-Fish __knowledge__ The Filet-O-Fish otherwise known as the 'Fish-O-Filet' is a fish sandwich sold by the international fast food chain store McDonald's.", "Filet-O-Fish __knowledge__ It was invented in 1962 by Lou Groen, a McDonald's franchise owner in Cincinnati, Ohio, in response to falling hamburger sales on Fridays resulting from the Roman Catholic practice of abstaining from meat on Fridays.", "Filet-O-Fish __knowledge__ While the fish composition of the sandwich has changed through the years to satisfy taste and supply shortcomings, the framework of its ingredients have remained constant; a fried breaded fish fillet, a steamed bun, tartar sauce, and pasteurized processed American cheese.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ This history of McDonald's is an overview of the original restaurant and of the chain.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ The McDonald family moved from Manchester, New Hampshire to Hollywood, California in the late 1930s, where brothers Richard and Maurice McDonald began working as set movers and handymen at Motion-Picture studios.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ In 1937, their father Patrick McDonald opened \"The Airdrome\", a food stand, on Huntington Drive (Route 66) near the Monrovia Airport in the Los Angeles County city of Monrovia, California with hot dogs being one of the first items sold.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ Hamburgers were later added to the menu at a cost of ten cents with all-you-can-drink orange juice at five cents.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Melanesian mythology is the folklore, myths and religion of Melanesia — the archipelagos of New Guinea, the Torres Strait Islands, the Admiralty Islands, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia and Vanuatu.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Professor Roland Burrage Dixon wrote an account of the mythology of this region for \"The Mythology of All Races\", which was published in 1916.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Since that time, the region has developed new cults and legends as a result of exposure to western civilisations and their missionaries.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ These include the cargo cults in which the natives attempt to restore the supply of material goods which were a side-effect of the campaigning in this region during the Pacific War.", "Filet lace __knowledge__ Filet lace is the general word used for all the different techniques of Embroidery on Knotted Net (or in French Broderie sur Filet Noué).", "Filet lace __knowledge__ It is a hand made needlework created by weaving or Embroidery using a long blunt needle and a thread on a ground of knotted net lace or Filet Work made of square or diagonal meshes of the same sizes or of different sizes.", "Filet lace __knowledge__ Lacis uses the same technique but is made on a ground of Leno (a woven fabric) or small canvas (not a knotted lace).", "Filet lace __knowledge__ Filet lace is a form of decorative netting and as such can be presumed to have derived at some point from the fishnet that a community would require for fishing, hunting, transporting, etc.", "Filet mignon __knowledge__ Filet mignon (; French for \"tender fillet\" or \"delicate/ fine fillet\") is a steak cut of beef taken from the smaller end of the tenderloin, or psoas major of the beef carcass, usually a steer or heifer.", "Filet mignon __knowledge__ In French this cut can also be called \"filet de bœuf\", which translates in English to \"beef fillet\".", "Filet mignon __knowledge__ The tenderloin runs along both sides of the spine, and is usually harvested as two long snake-shaped cuts of beef.", "Filet mignon __knowledge__ The tenderloin is sometimes sold whole.", "Filet mignon __knowledge__ When sliced along the short dimension, creating roughly round cuts, and tube cuts, the cuts (fillets) from the small forward end are considered to be filet mignon.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1955, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ The company did not add another permanent hamburger to its menu until the introduction of the Big King sandwich in 1996 in response to McDonald's Big Mac sandwich.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ The company began experimenting with premium hamburgers, made from higher quality ingredients, in 1978 with the introduction of its Specialty Sandwich product line.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ A fast food restaurant, also known as a quick service restaurant (QSR) within the industry, is a specific type of restaurant that serves fast food cuisine and has minimal table service.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ The food served in fast food restaurants is typically part of a \"meat-sweet diet\", offered from a limited menu, cooked in bulk in advance and kept hot, finished and packaged to order, and usually available for take away, though seating may be provided.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ Fast food restaurants are typically part of a restaurant chain or franchise operation that provisions standardized ingredients and/or partially prepared foods and supplies to each restaurant through controlled supply channels.", "KFC __knowledge__ KFC, until 1991 known as Kentucky Fried Chicken, is an American fast food restaurant chain that specializes in fried chicken.", "KFC __knowledge__ Headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, it is the world's second-largest restaurant chain (as measured by sales) after McDonald's, with almost 20,000 locations globally in 123 countries and territories .", "KFC __knowledge__ The chain is a subsidiary of Yum!", "KFC __knowledge__ Brands, a restaurant company that also owns the Pizza Hut and Taco Bell chains.", "KFC __knowledge__ KFC was founded by Colonel Harland Sanders, an entrepreneur who began selling fried chicken from his roadside restaurant in Corbin, Kentucky during the Great Depression.", "Arby's __knowledge__ Arby's Restaurant Group, Inc. (), or simply Arby's, is the second-largest quick-service fast-food sandwich restaurant chain in America in terms of units with more than 3,300 restaurants system wide and third in terms of revenue.", "Arby's __knowledge__ In October 2017, \"Food & Wine\" called Arby's \"America's second largest sandwich chain (after Subway)\".", "Arby's __knowledge__ Roark Capital Group acquired the company in July 2011 and owns 81.5% of the company, with The Wendy's Company owning the other 18.5%.", "Arby's __knowledge__ In addition to its classic Roast Beef and Beef 'n Cheddar sandwiches, Arby's products also include deli-style Market Fresh line of sandwiches, Curly Fries and Jamocha Shakes." ] ]

[ 1, 7, 8, 4 ]

[ "I'm craving McDonald's. I think I eat more fast food than I probably should, though....", "Me too! I just love their cheeseburgers and their breakfast menu, even if it's suuuuper unhealthy.", "Bit it tastes sooo good! Have you tried any of their healthier menu items, like their fish sandwiches or their salads?", "Oh man...the history of McDonald's is rough. There was a famous movie about the guy who stole McDonald's from the two McDonald's brothers. His name is Ray Kroc." ]

[ "McDonald's", "McDonald's", "McDonald's", "McDonald's" ]

[ "Garfield\nI used to hate Mondays like Garfield.", "Could you remember how the dog in Garfield was called?", "Yes he was really cute! and always so happy unlike Garfield.", "Yes, and do you remember the name of the very patient owner?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Garfield __knowledge__ Garfield is an American comic strip created by Jim Davis.", "Garfield __knowledge__ Published since 1978, it chronicles the life of the title character, the cat Garfield; Jon Arbuckle, his owner; and Jon's dog, Odie.", "Garfield __knowledge__ As of 2013, it was syndicated in roughly 2,580 newspapers and journals, and held the Guinness World Record for being the world's most widely syndicated comic strip.", "Garfield __knowledge__ Though this is rarely mentioned in print, \"Garfield\" is set in Muncie, Indiana, the home of Jim Davis, according to the television special \"Happy Birthday, Garfield\".", "Garfield __knowledge__ Common themes in the strip include Garfield's laziness, obsessive eating, coffee, and disdain of Mondays and diets.", "Garfield __knowledge__ The strip's focus is mostly on the interactions among Garfield, Jon, and Odie, but other recurring minor characters appear as well.", "Garfield __knowledge__ Originally created with the intentions to \"come up with a good, marketable character\", \"Garfield\" has spawned merchandise earning $750 million to $1 billion annually.", "Garfield __knowledge__ In addition to the various merchandise and commercial tie-ins, the strip has spawned several animated television specials, two animated television series, two theatrical feature-length live-action/CGI animated films, and three fully CGI animated direct-to-video movies.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the Garfield comic strip, created by Jim Davis.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ It includes notable characters from the comic strip as well as cartoons, and movies centered on the Garfield character, and is organized by what medium they appeared in first.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ First Appearance: June 19, 1978 Garfield is the strip's title character.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ He is a lazy, fat Orange Tabby.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ He also appears to be more anthropomorphic and/or humanoid-like as the series passes by and there are more strips being made.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ He is usually depicted eating or sleeping.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ His favorite food is lasagna.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ Hates Mondays, spiders and raisins.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ Loves bullying Odie and mailing Nermal to Abu Dhabi for being annoying.", "Odie __knowledge__ Odie is a fictional dog who appears in the comic strip \"Garfield\" by Jim Davis.", "Odie __knowledge__ He has also appeared in the animated television series \"Garfield and Friends\" and \"The Garfield Show\", two live-action/computer-animated feature films, and three fully CGI films.", "Odie __knowledge__ Odie is a yellow-furred, brown-eared dog.", "Odie __knowledge__ In the live-action/animated films based on the \"Garfield\" franchise, he is depicted as a wire-haired dachshund/terrier mix.", "Odie __knowledge__ He has a large tongue and slobbers in his appearances.", "Odie __knowledge__ After October 1997, he began walking regularly on two feet, instead of all fours, like Garfield.", "Odie __knowledge__ In the feature film adaptation \"\", Odie's ability to walk, and more importantly dance on two legs earns him a lot of attention, and is a major plot point throughout the film.", "Andrew Garfield __knowledge__ Andrew Russell Garfield (born 20 August 1983) is a British-American actor.", "Andrew Garfield __knowledge__ Born in Los Angeles and raised in Epsom, Surrey, Garfield began his career on the UK stage and in television productions.", "Andrew Garfield __knowledge__ He made his feature-film debut in the 2007 ensemble drama \"Lions for Lambs\".", "Andrew Garfield __knowledge__ Garfield first came to international attention in 2010 with supporting roles in the drama films \"The Social Network\", for which he received Golden Globe and BAFTA nominations for his portrayal of Eduardo Saverin, and \"Never Let Me Go\", for which he received a Saturn Award and another BAFTA nomination.", "Andrew Garfield __knowledge__ Garfield subsequently received praise for his performance as the title character in the 2012 superhero film \"The Amazing Spider-Man\".", "James A. Garfield __knowledge__ James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 – September 19, 1881) was the 20th President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1881, until his assassination later that year.", "James A. Garfield __knowledge__ Garfield had served nine terms in the House of Representatives, and had been elected to the Senate before his candidacy for the White House, though he declined the Senate seat once he was elected President.", "James A. Garfield __knowledge__ He is the only sitting House member to be elected president.", "James A. Garfield __knowledge__ Garfield was raised by his widowed mother in humble circumstances on an Ohio farm.", "James A. Garfield __knowledge__ He worked at various jobs, including on a canal boat, in his youth.", "James A. Garfield __knowledge__ Beginning at age 17, he attended several Ohio schools, then studied at Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts, graduating in 1856.", "I Hate Mondays (song) __knowledge__ \"I Hate Mondays\" is a song by English singer-songwriter and musician Newton Faulkner.", "I Hate Mondays (song) __knowledge__ The song was released on 11 September 2009 in Australia.", "I Hate Mondays (song) __knowledge__ The song peaked at number 8 on the Australian Singles Chart.", "I Hate Mondays (song) __knowledge__ The lyrics to the song were written by Michael \"Horgs\" Horgan for the \"Hamish & Andy Show\"; specifically, the lyrics were made for a segment of the show called \"Horgs' Inventions\", where Horgs noted that there hadn't been any songs about hating Mondays in a long time.", "I Hate Mondays (song) __knowledge__ Harry Connick Jr also performed a version of the song, but his version was not officially released as a single.", "I Hate Mondays __knowledge__ I Hate Mondays may refer to:" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Garfield __knowledge__ Garfield is an American comic strip created by Jim Davis.", "Garfield __knowledge__ Published since 1978, it chronicles the life of the title character, the cat Garfield; Jon Arbuckle, his owner; and Jon's dog, Odie.", "Garfield __knowledge__ As of 2013, it was syndicated in roughly 2,580 newspapers and journals, and held the Guinness World Record for being the world's most widely syndicated comic strip.", "Garfield __knowledge__ Though this is rarely mentioned in print, \"Garfield\" is set in Muncie, Indiana, the home of Jim Davis, according to the television special \"Happy Birthday, Garfield\".", "Garfield __knowledge__ Common themes in the strip include Garfield's laziness, obsessive eating, coffee, and disdain of Mondays and diets.", "Garfield __knowledge__ The strip's focus is mostly on the interactions among Garfield, Jon, and Odie, but other recurring minor characters appear as well.", "Garfield __knowledge__ Originally created with the intentions to \"come up with a good, marketable character\", \"Garfield\" has spawned merchandise earning $750 million to $1 billion annually.", "Garfield __knowledge__ In addition to the various merchandise and commercial tie-ins, the strip has spawned several animated television specials, two animated television series, two theatrical feature-length live-action/CGI animated films, and three fully CGI animated direct-to-video movies.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the Garfield comic strip, created by Jim Davis.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ It includes notable characters from the comic strip as well as cartoons, and movies centered on the Garfield character, and is organized by what medium they appeared in first.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ First Appearance: June 19, 1978 Garfield is the strip's title character.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ He is a lazy, fat Orange Tabby.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ He also appears to be more anthropomorphic and/or humanoid-like as the series passes by and there are more strips being made.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ He is usually depicted eating or sleeping.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ His favorite food is lasagna.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ Hates Mondays, spiders and raisins.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ Loves bullying Odie and mailing Nermal to Abu Dhabi for being annoying.", "James A. Garfield __knowledge__ James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 – September 19, 1881) was the 20th President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1881, until his assassination later that year.", "James A. Garfield __knowledge__ Garfield had served nine terms in the House of Representatives, and had been elected to the Senate before his candidacy for the White House, though he declined the Senate seat once he was elected President.", "James A. Garfield __knowledge__ He is the only sitting House member to be elected president.", "James A. Garfield __knowledge__ Garfield was raised by his widowed mother in humble circumstances on an Ohio farm.", "James A. Garfield __knowledge__ He worked at various jobs, including on a canal boat, in his youth.", "James A. Garfield __knowledge__ Beginning at age 17, he attended several Ohio schools, then studied at Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts, graduating in 1856.", "Odie __knowledge__ Odie is a fictional dog who appears in the comic strip \"Garfield\" by Jim Davis.", "Odie __knowledge__ He has also appeared in the animated television series \"Garfield and Friends\" and \"The Garfield Show\", two live-action/computer-animated feature films, and three fully CGI films.", "Odie __knowledge__ Odie is a yellow-furred, brown-eared dog.", "Odie __knowledge__ In the live-action/animated films based on the \"Garfield\" franchise, he is depicted as a wire-haired dachshund/terrier mix.", "Odie __knowledge__ He has a large tongue and slobbers in his appearances.", "Odie __knowledge__ After October 1997, he began walking regularly on two feet, instead of all fours, like Garfield.", "Odie __knowledge__ In the feature film adaptation \"\", Odie's ability to walk, and more importantly dance on two legs earns him a lot of attention, and is a major plot point throughout the film.", "1880 Republican National Convention __knowledge__ The 1880 Republican National Convention convened from June 2 to June 8, 1880, at the Interstate Exposition Building in Chicago, Illinois, United States, and nominated Representative James A. Garfield of Ohio and Chester A. Arthur of New York as the official candidates of the Republican Party for President and Vice President, respectively, in the 1880 presidential election.", "1880 Republican National Convention __knowledge__ Of the 14 men in contention for the Republican nomination, the three strongest candidates leading up to the convention were Ulysses S. Grant, James G. Blaine, and John Sherman.", "1880 Republican National Convention __knowledge__ Grant had served two terms as President from 1869 to 1877, and was seeking an unprecedented third term in office.", "Assassination of James A. Garfield __knowledge__ The assassination of James A. Garfield, the 20th President of the United States, was initiated upon his being shot at 9:30 am on July 2, 1881, less than four months into his term as President, and ended in his death 79 days later on September 19, 1881.", "Assassination of James A. Garfield __knowledge__ He was shot by Charles J. Guiteau at the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Station in Washington, D.C., and died in Elberon, New Jersey.", "Assassination of James A. Garfield __knowledge__ Guiteau's motive was revenge against Garfield for an imagined political debt.", "Assassination of James A. Garfield __knowledge__ Garfield was the second of four Presidents to be assassinated, following Abraham Lincoln and preceding William McKinley and John F. Kennedy.", "Garfield: The Movie __knowledge__ Garfield: The Movie is a 2004 American family comedy film directed by Peter Hewitt inspired by Jim Davis' comic strip of the same name.", "Garfield: The Movie __knowledge__ It stars Breckin Meyer as Jon Arbuckle, Jennifer Love Hewitt as Dr. Liz Wilson, and features Bill Murray as the voice of Garfield.", "Garfield: The Movie __knowledge__ Garfield was created with computer animation, though all other animals were real.", "Garfield: The Movie __knowledge__ The film was produced by Davis Entertainment Company and distributed by 20th Century Fox.", "Garfield: The Movie __knowledge__ The film shares several similarities to the 1982 animated special \"Here Comes Garfield\".", "Garfield: The Movie __knowledge__ \"Garfield: The Movie\" was released in the United States on June 11, 2004.", "Comic strip __knowledge__ A comic strip is a sequence of drawings arranged in interrelated panels to display brief humor or form a narrative, often serialized, with text in balloons and captions.", "Comic strip __knowledge__ Traditionally, throughout the 20th century and into the 21st, these have been published in newspapers and magazines, with horizontal strips printed in black-and-white in daily newspapers, while Sunday newspapers offered longer sequences in special color comics sections.", "Comic strip __knowledge__ With the development of the internet, they began to appear online as webcomics.", "Comic strip __knowledge__ There were more than 200 different comic strips and daily cartoon panels in American newspapers alone each day for most of the 20th century, for a total of at least 7,300,000 episodes.", "Comic strip syndication __knowledge__ A comic strip syndicate functions as an agent for cartoonists and comic strip creators, placing the cartoons and strips in as many newspapers as possible on behalf of the artist.", "Comic strip syndication __knowledge__ A syndicate can annually receive thousands of submissions, from which only two or three might be selected for representation.", "Comic strip syndication __knowledge__ In some cases, the work will be owned by the syndicate as opposed to the creator.", "Comic strip syndication __knowledge__ The Guinness World Record for the world's most syndicated strip belongs to Jim Davis' \"Garfield\", which at that point (2002) appeared in 2,570 newspapers, with 263 million readers worldwide.", "Comic strip syndication __knowledge__ Syndication peaked in the mid-1930s with 130 syndicates offering 1,600 features to more than 13,700 newspapers.", "LGBT themes in comics __knowledge__ LGBT themes in comics are a relatively new concept, as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) themes and characters were historically omitted intentionally from the content of comic books and their comic strip predecessors, due to either censorship or the perception that comics were for children.", "LGBT themes in comics __knowledge__ With any mention of homosexuality in mainstream United States comics forbidden by the Comics Code Authority (CCA) until 1989, earlier attempts at exploring these issues in the US took the form of subtle hints or subtext regarding a character's sexual orientation.", "LGBT themes in comics __knowledge__ LGBT themes were tackled earlier in underground comix from the early 1970s onward.", "Canadian comics __knowledge__ Canadian comics refers to comics and cartooning by citizens of Canada or permanent residents of Canada regardless of residence.", "Canadian comics __knowledge__ Canada has two official languages, and distinct comics cultures have developed in English and French Canada.", "Canadian comics __knowledge__ The English tends to follow American trends, and the French Franco-Belgian ones, with little crossover between the two cultures.", "Canadian comics __knowledge__ Canadian comics run the gamut of comics forms, including editorial cartooning, comic strips, comic books, graphic novels, and webcomics, and are published in newspapers, magazines, books, and online.", "Canadian comics __knowledge__ They have received attention in international comics communities and have received support from the federal and provincial governments, including grants from the Canada Council for the Arts.", "Dutch comics __knowledge__ Dutch comics are comics made in the Netherlands.", "Dutch comics __knowledge__ In Dutch the most common designation for the whole art form is \"strip\" (though the old-fashioned expression \"beeldverhaal\" – \"picture story\" – remains utilized on occasion, particularly in formal texts and treatises on the subject matter), while the word \"comic\" is used for the (usually) soft cover American style comic book format, typically containing translated US superhero material.", "Dutch comics __knowledge__ This use of the in colloquial Dutch adopted English word for that format can cause confusion in English language texts.", "Dutch comics __knowledge__ Since the Netherlands share the same language with Flanders, many Belgian comics and Franco-Belgian comics have also been published there, the latter in translation." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Garfield __knowledge__ Garfield is an American comic strip created by Jim Davis.", "Garfield __knowledge__ Published since 1978, it chronicles the life of the title character, the cat Garfield; Jon Arbuckle, his owner; and Jon's dog, Odie.", "Garfield __knowledge__ As of 2013, it was syndicated in roughly 2,580 newspapers and journals, and held the Guinness World Record for being the world's most widely syndicated comic strip.", "Garfield __knowledge__ Though this is rarely mentioned in print, \"Garfield\" is set in Muncie, Indiana, the home of Jim Davis, according to the television special \"Happy Birthday, Garfield\".", "Garfield __knowledge__ Common themes in the strip include Garfield's laziness, obsessive eating, coffee, and disdain of Mondays and diets.", "Garfield __knowledge__ The strip's focus is mostly on the interactions among Garfield, Jon, and Odie, but other recurring minor characters appear as well.", "Garfield __knowledge__ Originally created with the intentions to \"come up with a good, marketable character\", \"Garfield\" has spawned merchandise earning $750 million to $1 billion annually.", "Garfield __knowledge__ In addition to the various merchandise and commercial tie-ins, the strip has spawned several animated television specials, two animated television series, two theatrical feature-length live-action/CGI animated films, and three fully CGI animated direct-to-video movies.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the Garfield comic strip, created by Jim Davis.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ It includes notable characters from the comic strip as well as cartoons, and movies centered on the Garfield character, and is organized by what medium they appeared in first.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ First Appearance: June 19, 1978 Garfield is the strip's title character.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ He is a lazy, fat Orange Tabby.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ He also appears to be more anthropomorphic and/or humanoid-like as the series passes by and there are more strips being made.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ He is usually depicted eating or sleeping.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ His favorite food is lasagna.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ Hates Mondays, spiders and raisins.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ Loves bullying Odie and mailing Nermal to Abu Dhabi for being annoying.", "Garfield: Winter's Tail __knowledge__ Garfield: Winter's Tail is a game based on the Jim Davis comic strip, \"Garfield\".", "Garfield: Winter's Tail __knowledge__ It was released in 1989 for Amiga, Atari ST (will not work on Atari STe computers), Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum.", "Garfield: Winter's Tail __knowledge__ It is the fourth video game to be based on Jim Davis' \"Garfield\" Comics.", "Garfield: Winter's Tail __knowledge__ Garfield has fallen asleep in his bed in front of an open refrigerator, dreaming about having an adventure in northern Italy and Switzerland, in which his quest is to find a lasagna factory and the chocolate-egg-laying chicken.", "Garfield: Winter's Tail __knowledge__ The game is divided into an Action sports game where fast reaction is needed (Skiing & Skating level) and some sort of puzzle game (Chocolate Factory).", "United States presidential election, 1880 __knowledge__ The United States presidential election of 1880 was the 24th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 2, 1880.", "United States presidential election, 1880 __knowledge__ The voter turnout rate was one of the highest in the nation's history.", "United States presidential election, 1880 __knowledge__ Incumbent President Rutherford B. Hayes did not seek re-election, keeping a promise made during the 1876 campaign.", "United States presidential election, 1880 __knowledge__ After the longest convention in the party's history, the divided Republicans chose another Ohioan, Representative James A. Garfield, as their standard-bearer.", "United States presidential election, 1880 __knowledge__ The Democratic Party chose General Winfield Scott Hancock of Pennsylvania as their nominee.", "United States presidential election, 1880 __knowledge__ The dominance of the two major parties began to fray as an upstart left-wing party, the Greenback Party, nominated another Civil War general for president, Iowa Congressman James B. Weaver.", "James A. Garfield __knowledge__ James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 – September 19, 1881) was the 20th President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1881, until his assassination later that year.", "James A. Garfield __knowledge__ Garfield had served nine terms in the House of Representatives, and had been elected to the Senate before his candidacy for the White House, though he declined the Senate seat once he was elected President.", "James A. Garfield __knowledge__ He is the only sitting House member to be elected president.", "James A. Garfield __knowledge__ Garfield was raised by his widowed mother in humble circumstances on an Ohio farm.", "James A. Garfield __knowledge__ He worked at various jobs, including on a canal boat, in his youth.", "James A. Garfield __knowledge__ Beginning at age 17, he attended several Ohio schools, then studied at Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts, graduating in 1856.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Odie __knowledge__ Odie is a fictional dog who appears in the comic strip \"Garfield\" by Jim Davis.", "Odie __knowledge__ He has also appeared in the animated television series \"Garfield and Friends\" and \"The Garfield Show\", two live-action/computer-animated feature films, and three fully CGI films.", "Odie __knowledge__ Odie is a yellow-furred, brown-eared dog.", "Odie __knowledge__ In the live-action/animated films based on the \"Garfield\" franchise, he is depicted as a wire-haired dachshund/terrier mix.", "Odie __knowledge__ He has a large tongue and slobbers in his appearances.", "Odie __knowledge__ After October 1997, he began walking regularly on two feet, instead of all fours, like Garfield.", "Odie __knowledge__ In the feature film adaptation \"\", Odie's ability to walk, and more importantly dance on two legs earns him a lot of attention, and is a major plot point throughout the film.", "Short-eared dog __knowledge__ The short-eared dog (\"Atelocynus microtis\"), also known as the short-eared zorro and small-eared dog, is a unique and elusive canid species endemic to the Amazonian basin.", "Short-eared dog __knowledge__ This is the only species assigned to the genus Atelocynus.", "Short-eared dog __knowledge__ It has many names in the local languages where it is endemic, such as: \"cachorro-do-mato-de-orelha-curta\" in Portuguese, \"zorro de oreja corta\" in Spanish, \"nomensarixi\" in the Chiquitano language, and \"uálaca\" in Yucuna.", "Short-eared dog __knowledge__ Other names in Spanish are \"zorro ojizarco\", \"zorro sabanero\", \"zorro negro\".", "Short-eared dog __knowledge__ After the formation of the Isthmus of Panama in the latter part the Tertiary (about 2.5 million years ago in the Pliocene), canids migrated from North America to the southern continent as part of the Great American Interchange.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Garfield: The Movie __knowledge__ Garfield: The Movie is a 2004 American family comedy film directed by Peter Hewitt inspired by Jim Davis' comic strip of the same name.", "Garfield: The Movie __knowledge__ It stars Breckin Meyer as Jon Arbuckle, Jennifer Love Hewitt as Dr. Liz Wilson, and features Bill Murray as the voice of Garfield.", "Garfield: The Movie __knowledge__ Garfield was created with computer animation, though all other animals were real.", "Garfield: The Movie __knowledge__ The film was produced by Davis Entertainment Company and distributed by 20th Century Fox.", "Garfield: The Movie __knowledge__ The film shares several similarities to the 1982 animated special \"Here Comes Garfield\".", "Garfield: The Movie __knowledge__ \"Garfield: The Movie\" was released in the United States on June 11, 2004.", "Buy Now, Die Later __knowledge__ Buy Now, Die Later (formerly Death and Senses) is a 2015 Filipino supernatural psychological horror suspense film directed by Randolph Longjas starring Vhong Navarro, Alex Gonzaga, Rayver Cruz, John Lapus, Lotlot de Leon, TJ Trinidad and Janine Gutierrez.", "Buy Now, Die Later __knowledge__ It is an official entry to the 2015 Metro Manila Film Festival.", "Buy Now, Die Later __knowledge__ The film is about a compendium of five interrelated stories brought together by the proprietor of a curio shop selling unusual items.", "Buy Now, Die Later __knowledge__ Santi (portrayed by TJ Trinidad), who says the role is kind of demonic.", "Buy Now, Die Later __knowledge__ Each of the character’s story is weaved around the five senses – sense of sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste.!?" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Garfield __knowledge__ Garfield is an American comic strip created by Jim Davis.", "Garfield __knowledge__ Published since 1978, it chronicles the life of the title character, the cat Garfield; Jon Arbuckle, his owner; and Jon's dog, Odie.", "Garfield __knowledge__ As of 2013, it was syndicated in roughly 2,580 newspapers and journals, and held the Guinness World Record for being the world's most widely syndicated comic strip.", "Garfield __knowledge__ Though this is rarely mentioned in print, \"Garfield\" is set in Muncie, Indiana, the home of Jim Davis, according to the television special \"Happy Birthday, Garfield\".", "Garfield __knowledge__ Common themes in the strip include Garfield's laziness, obsessive eating, coffee, and disdain of Mondays and diets.", "Garfield __knowledge__ The strip's focus is mostly on the interactions among Garfield, Jon, and Odie, but other recurring minor characters appear as well.", "Garfield __knowledge__ Originally created with the intentions to \"come up with a good, marketable character\", \"Garfield\" has spawned merchandise earning $750 million to $1 billion annually.", "Garfield __knowledge__ In addition to the various merchandise and commercial tie-ins, the strip has spawned several animated television specials, two animated television series, two theatrical feature-length live-action/CGI animated films, and three fully CGI animated direct-to-video movies.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Cockatiel (aviculture) __knowledge__ Cockatiels (\"Nymphicus hollandicus\") are an Australian parrot that are generally regarded as good pets or companion parrots, having a sweet demeanour.", "Cockatiel (aviculture) __knowledge__ Like most other pets, the manner in which the animal is raised, handled, and kept has a profound effect on temperament.", "Cockatiel (aviculture) __knowledge__ Some birds are quite gregarious and sociable while others can be shy, retreating to the back of the cage when an unfamiliar figure appears.", "Cockatiel (aviculture) __knowledge__ If handled often and if they have a patient owner, cockatiels will become tame very quickly compared to some of the other parrot species.", "Cockatiel (aviculture) __knowledge__ Cockatiels are generally kept in a cage and allowed to exercise and socialise with their owners outside of the cage for a few hours a day (at least 1 to 2 hours).", "California v. Murray __knowledge__ The trial of Conrad Murray (People of the State of California v. Conrad Robert Murray) was the American criminal trial of Michael Jackson's personal physician, Conrad Murray, who was charged with involuntary manslaughter for the pop singer's death on June 25, 2009, from a massive overdose of the general anesthetic propofol.", "California v. Murray __knowledge__ The trial, which started on September 27, 2011, was held in the Los Angeles County Superior Court in Los Angeles, California, before Judge Michael Pastor and it was televised.", "California v. Murray __knowledge__ The prosecutors in the case (David Walgren and Deborah Brazil, both Los Angeles deputy district attorneys), in their opening statement, told jurors: \"misplaced trust in the hands of Murray cost Jackson his life\".", "YES Network __knowledge__ The Yankees Entertainment and Sports Network (YES) is an American cable and satellite television regional sports network that is owned by 21st Century Fox (which owns a controlling 80% interest and serves as managing partner) and Yankee Global Enterprises (which owns the remaining 20%).", "YES Network __knowledge__ Primarily serving New York City, New York and the surrounding metropolitan area, it broadcasts a variety of sports events, as well as magazine, documentary and discussion programs; however, its main emphasis is focused on games and team-related programs involving the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (owned by minority partner Yankee Global), the NBA's Brooklyn Nets and New York City FC of Major League Soccer.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ There is evidence suggesting that different processes are involved in remembering something versus knowing whether it is familiar.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ It appears that \"remembering\" and \"knowing\" represent relatively different characteristics of memory as well as reflect different ways of using memory.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ To remember is the conscious \"recollection\" of many vivid contextual details, such as \"when\" and \"how\" the information was learned.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ Remembering utilizes episodic memory and requires a deeper level of processing (e.g.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ undivided attention) than knowing.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ Errors in recollection may be due to source-monitoring errors that prevent an individual from remembering where exactly a piece of information was received.", "Red-fan parrot __knowledge__ The red-fan parrot (\"Deroptyus accipitrinus\"), also known as the hawk-headed parrot, is an unusual New World parrot hailing from the Amazon Rainforest.", "Red-fan parrot __knowledge__ It is the only member of the genus \"Deroptyus\".", "Red-fan parrot __knowledge__ It dwells in Ecuador, Suriname, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, areas of northeast Peru, Venezuela, French Guiana and Guyana.", "Red-fan parrot __knowledge__ The red-fan parrot possesses elongated neck feathers that can be raised to form an elaborate fan, which greatly increases the bird's apparent size, and is possibly used when threatened.", "Red-fan parrot __knowledge__ It generally lives in undisturbed forest, feeding in the canopy on fruits.", "Red-fan parrot __knowledge__ It has a dark brown face with white streaks, bare black patch round its brown eye, green wings, flanks and tail and red and blue barred breast.", "Recognition memory __knowledge__ Recognition memory, a subcategory of declarative memory, is the ability to recognize previously encountered events, objects, or people.", "Recognition memory __knowledge__ When the previously experienced event is reexperienced, this environmental content is matched to stored memory representations, eliciting matching signals.", "Recognition memory __knowledge__ Recognition memory can be subdivided into two component processes: recollection and familiarity, sometimes referred to as \"remembering\" and \"knowing\", respectively.", "Recognition memory __knowledge__ Recollection is the retrieval of details associated with the previously experienced event.", "Recognition memory __knowledge__ In contrast, familiarity is the feeling that the event was previously experienced, without recollection.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the Garfield comic strip, created by Jim Davis.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ It includes notable characters from the comic strip as well as cartoons, and movies centered on the Garfield character, and is organized by what medium they appeared in first.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ First Appearance: June 19, 1978 Garfield is the strip's title character.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ He is a lazy, fat Orange Tabby.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ He also appears to be more anthropomorphic and/or humanoid-like as the series passes by and there are more strips being made.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ He is usually depicted eating or sleeping.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ His favorite food is lasagna.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ Hates Mondays, spiders and raisins.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ Loves bullying Odie and mailing Nermal to Abu Dhabi for being annoying.", "Garfield: Winter's Tail __knowledge__ Garfield: Winter's Tail is a game based on the Jim Davis comic strip, \"Garfield\".", "Garfield: Winter's Tail __knowledge__ It was released in 1989 for Amiga, Atari ST (will not work on Atari STe computers), Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum.", "Garfield: Winter's Tail __knowledge__ It is the fourth video game to be based on Jim Davis' \"Garfield\" Comics.", "Garfield: Winter's Tail __knowledge__ Garfield has fallen asleep in his bed in front of an open refrigerator, dreaming about having an adventure in northern Italy and Switzerland, in which his quest is to find a lasagna factory and the chocolate-egg-laying chicken.", "Garfield: Winter's Tail __knowledge__ The game is divided into an Action sports game where fast reaction is needed (Skiing & Skating level) and some sort of puzzle game (Chocolate Factory).", "Odie __knowledge__ Odie is a fictional dog who appears in the comic strip \"Garfield\" by Jim Davis.", "Odie __knowledge__ He has also appeared in the animated television series \"Garfield and Friends\" and \"The Garfield Show\", two live-action/computer-animated feature films, and three fully CGI films.", "Odie __knowledge__ Odie is a yellow-furred, brown-eared dog.", "Odie __knowledge__ In the live-action/animated films based on the \"Garfield\" franchise, he is depicted as a wire-haired dachshund/terrier mix.", "Odie __knowledge__ He has a large tongue and slobbers in his appearances.", "Odie __knowledge__ After October 1997, he began walking regularly on two feet, instead of all fours, like Garfield.", "Odie __knowledge__ In the feature film adaptation \"\", Odie's ability to walk, and more importantly dance on two legs earns him a lot of attention, and is a major plot point throughout the film.", "Garfield (character) __knowledge__ Garfield is a fictional cat and the protagonist of the comic strip \"Garfield\", created by Jim Davis.", "Garfield (character) __knowledge__ The comic strip centers on Garfield, portrayed as a lazy, fat, and cynical orange cat.", "Garfield (character) __knowledge__ He is noted for his love of lasagna, coffee and sleeping, and his hatred of Mondays, fellow cat Nermal (sometimes), raisins and exercise.", "Garfield (character) __knowledge__ Garfield was born on , in the kitchen of Mamma Leoni's Italian Restaurant.", "Garfield (character) __knowledge__ As a kitten, he developed a taste for lasagna, which would become his favorite food.", "Garfield (character) __knowledge__ Because of his appetite, the owner of Mamma Leoni's had to choose between keeping Garfield or closing down his restaurant; so Garfield was sold to a pet shop.", "The Garfield Show: Threat of the Space Lasagna __knowledge__ The Garfield Show: Threat of the Space Lasagna is a video game based on the Cartoon Network television series \"The Garfield Show\".", "The Garfield Show: Threat of the Space Lasagna __knowledge__ It is the first video game based on the series and was released Summer 2010 for the Wii.", "The Garfield Show: Threat of the Space Lasagna __knowledge__ The game supports the Wii Balance Board and the Wii Motion Plus.", "The Garfield Show: Threat of the Space Lasagna __knowledge__ In December 2011, it was released on Microsoft Windows and Nintendo DS in Russia.", "The Garfield Show: Threat of the Space Lasagna __knowledge__ The game revolves around 16 minigames.", "The Garfield Show: Threat of the Space Lasagna __knowledge__ In single player, the player is only allowed to play as Garfield while the opposing team (mice or space lasagna) are computers.", "The Garfield Show: Threat of the Space Lasagna __knowledge__ In multiplayer, the players may choose to either be Garfield or the opposing team.", "James A. Garfield __knowledge__ James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 – September 19, 1881) was the 20th President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1881, until his assassination later that year.", "James A. Garfield __knowledge__ Garfield had served nine terms in the House of Representatives, and had been elected to the Senate before his candidacy for the White House, though he declined the Senate seat once he was elected President.", "James A. Garfield __knowledge__ He is the only sitting House member to be elected president.", "James A. Garfield __knowledge__ Garfield was raised by his widowed mother in humble circumstances on an Ohio farm.", "James A. Garfield __knowledge__ He worked at various jobs, including on a canal boat, in his youth.", "James A. Garfield __knowledge__ Beginning at age 17, he attended several Ohio schools, then studied at Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts, graduating in 1856." ] ]

[ 1, 26, 5, 0 ]

[ "Me too, I loved reading the comic strips created by Jim Davis every day in the newspaper, Is that where you saw him at? ", "Yea that was Odie, The really cute yellow-furred, brown-eared dog. I remember him. ", "Haha yeah Garfield's always so lazy and has a crazy dose of obsessive eating,especially lasagna which is his fave. ", "Yea his name was John and IDK how he put up with all of Garfield's antics. He must have a lot of patience. " ]

[ "Garfield", "Garfield", "Garfield", "Garfield" ]

[ "Cheese", "Yeah I love cheese honestly.", "Reading how its made makes it sound way grosser than it is." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cheese __knowledge__ Cheese is a food derived from milk that is produced in a wide range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein.", "Cheese __knowledge__ It comprises proteins and fat from milk, usually the milk of cows, buffalo, goats, or sheep.", "Cheese __knowledge__ During production, the milk is usually acidified, and adding the enzyme rennet causes coagulation.", "Cheese __knowledge__ The solids are separated and pressed into final form.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Some cheeses have molds on the rind, the outer layer, or throughout.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Most cheeses melt at cooking temperature.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Hundreds of types of cheese from various countries are produced.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Their styles, textures and flavors depend on the origin of the milk (including the animal's diet), whether they have been pasteurized, the butterfat content, the bacteria and mold, the processing, and aging.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Herbs, spices, or wood smoke may be used as flavoring agents.", "Cheese __knowledge__ The yellow to red color of many cheeses, such as Red Leicester, is produced by adding annatto.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Other ingredients may be added to some cheeses, such as black pepper, garlic, chives or cranberries.", "Cheese __knowledge__ For a few cheeses, the milk is curdled by adding acids such as vinegar or lemon juice.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Most cheeses are acidified to a lesser degree by bacteria, which turn milk sugars into lactic acid, then the addition of rennet completes the curdling." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cheese __knowledge__ Cheese is a food derived from milk that is produced in a wide range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein.", "Cheese __knowledge__ It comprises proteins and fat from milk, usually the milk of cows, buffalo, goats, or sheep.", "Cheese __knowledge__ During production, the milk is usually acidified, and adding the enzyme rennet causes coagulation.", "Cheese __knowledge__ The solids are separated and pressed into final form.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Some cheeses have molds on the rind, the outer layer, or throughout.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Most cheeses melt at cooking temperature.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Hundreds of types of cheese from various countries are produced.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Their styles, textures and flavors depend on the origin of the milk (including the animal's diet), whether they have been pasteurized, the butterfat content, the bacteria and mold, the processing, and aging.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Herbs, spices, or wood smoke may be used as flavoring agents.", "Cheese __knowledge__ The yellow to red color of many cheeses, such as Red Leicester, is produced by adding annatto.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Other ingredients may be added to some cheeses, such as black pepper, garlic, chives or cranberries.", "Cheese __knowledge__ For a few cheeses, the milk is curdled by adding acids such as vinegar or lemon juice.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Most cheeses are acidified to a lesser degree by bacteria, which turn milk sugars into lactic acid, then the addition of rennet completes the curdling.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show \"Total Request Live\" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the \"Billboard\" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ January 2: \"Lose Yourself\" - Eminem January 3: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 6: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 7: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 8: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 9: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 10: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 13: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 14: \"All I Have\" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J January 15: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 16: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 17: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 22: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 23: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 24: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 28: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 29: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 30: \"Bump, Bump, Bump\" - B2K featuring P. Diddy January 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 3: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 4: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 7: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 10: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 11: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 12: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: \"Why I Love You\" - B2K February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: \"Larger Than Life\" - Backstreet Boys February 18: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 19: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 20: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 21: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 24: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 25: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 26: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake February 27: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 28: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 3: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 4: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 7: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 10: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 11: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 12: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 14: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 17: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 18: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 19: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq March 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 24: \"The Hell Song\" - Sum 41 March 25: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 26: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 1: \"Girlfriend\" - B2K April 2: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 3: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 4: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 7: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 8: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 9: \"Addicted\" - Simple Plan April 10: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 11: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 15: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 16: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 17: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 18: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 22: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 23: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 24: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 25: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 28: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 29: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 30: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 1: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 2: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 5: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 6: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 7: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 8: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 9: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 12: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 13: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 15: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 19: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 20: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 22: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 26: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 27: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 28: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 29: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 30: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 2: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 3: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 4: \"Rock Wit U\" - Ashanti June 5: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 9: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 10: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 11: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 12: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 16: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 17: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 18: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 19: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 23: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 24: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 26: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 30: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 1: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 2: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 3: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 7: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 8: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 9: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: \"Girlfriend ( Remix )\"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly July 11: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 14: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 15: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 16: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 17: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 18: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 21: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 22: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 23: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: \"Without Me\" - Eminem July 25: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 28: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 29: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 30: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 31: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 1: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 4: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 5: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 6: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 7: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 8: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 11: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 12: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 13: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 14: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 15: August 18: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 19: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 20: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 21: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 26: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 27: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy August 28: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 29: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 2: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 3: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 4: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 5: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 8: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 9: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 10: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 11: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 12: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 15: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 17: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 18: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 19: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 23: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 24: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 25: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 26: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 29: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 30: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 1: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 2: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 3: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell October 6: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 7: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul October 8: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 9: \"Perfect\" - Simple Plan October 10: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 14: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 15: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 17: \"Trouble\" - P!nk October 18: \"Trouble\" - Pink October 21: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 23: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 27: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 28: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 29: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 30: \"Will You\" - P. O. D. October 31: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 3: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 4: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 5: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 6: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 7: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 11: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 12: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 13: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 14: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 17: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 18: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 19: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 20: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 24: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 25: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 1: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 2: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 3: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 4: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 5: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 8: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 11: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 16: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 17: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 18: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 19: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 22: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 23: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 29: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit December 30: Song Of The Year: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 5: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 6: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 7: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 8: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 13: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 14: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 16: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 19: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 21: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 22: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 26: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 27: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 28: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 29: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 30: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver February 2: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 9: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 10: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 11: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 12: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 13: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte February 16: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 17: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 18: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 19: \"Sorry 2004\" - Ruben Studdard February 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 23: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 24: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 25: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon February 27: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 2: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 3: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 4: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 5: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 8: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears March 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 10: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 11: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 15: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 16: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 17: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 18: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 22: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 23: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 24: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 25: \"My Band\" - D12 March 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 29: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 30: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 31: \"My Band\" - D12 April 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 5: \"Naughty Girl\" - Beyoncé April 6: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 7: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 8: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 13: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 14: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 15: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 16: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 19: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 20: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 21: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 22: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 23: \"My Band\" - D12 April 26: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 27: \"My Band\" - D12 April 28: \"My Band\" - D12 April 29: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears May 3: \"My Band\" - D12 May 4: \"My Band\" - D12 May 5: \"My Band\" - D12 May 6: \"My Band\" - D12 May 7: \"My Band\" - D12 May 10: \"My Band\" - D12 May 11: \"My Band\" - D12 May 17: \"My Band\" - D12 May 18: \"Burn\" - Usher May 19: \"Burn\" - Usher May 20: \"Burn\" - Usher May 21: \"Burn\" - Usher May 24: \"My Band\" - D12 May 25: \"Burn\" - Usher May 26: \"Burn\" - Usher May 27: \"My Band\" - D12 May 28: \"My Band\" - D12 May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 1: \"Burn\" - Usher June 2: \"Burn\" - Usher June 3: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 4: \"My Band\" - D12 June 7: \"My Band\" - D12 June 8: \"Burn\" - Usher June 9: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: \"Forgot About Dre\" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem June 11: \"Burn\" - Usher June 14: \"Burn\" - Usher June 15: \"How Come\" - D12 June 16: \"How Come\" - D12 June 17: \"How Come\" - D12 June 18: \"How Come\" - D12 June 21: \"How Come\" - D12 June 22: \"How Come\" - D12 June 23: \"Leave (Get Out)\" - JoJo June 24: \"How Come\" - D12 June 25: \"How Come\" - D12 June 28: \"Leave ( Get Out )\" - JoJo June 29: \"How Come\" - D12 June 30: \"Confessions Pt.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ is a song by American singer Usher.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ He co-wrote the song with Sean Garrett, Patrick J. Que Smith, Robert McDowell, LRoc, Ludacris, Da'Ron, and Lil Jon.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ It also features guest vocals from Lil Jon and Ludacris, with the former also producing the song as well as incorporating crunk and R&B—which he coined as crunk&B—in the song's production.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was released as the lead single from Usher's fourth studio album \"Confessions\" (2004) on January 27, 2004, after Usher was told by Arista Records, his label at the time, to record more tracks for the album.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ topped the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for 12 consecutive weeks, before being dethroned by Usher's follow-up single \"Burn\".", "Ravens of the Tower of London __knowledge__ The Ravens of the Tower of London are a group of at least six captive ravens which live at the Tower of London.", "Ravens of the Tower of London __knowledge__ Their presence is traditionally believed to protect the Crown and the tower; a superstition holds that \"if the Tower of London ravens are lost or fly away, the Crown will fall and Britain with it\".", "Ravens of the Tower of London __knowledge__ Historically, wild ravens were common throughout Britain, even in towns, the tower being within their natural range.", "Ravens of the Tower of London __knowledge__ When they were exterminated from much of their traditional range, including London, they could only exist at the tower in captivity and with official support.", "Ravens of the Tower of London __knowledge__ Local legend puts the origin of the captive raven population at the time of King Charles II (reigned 1660–85).", "Beecher's Handmade Cheese __knowledge__ Beecher's Handmade Cheese is an artisan cheesemaker and retail shop with locations in the Pike Place Market, Seattle, Washington and New York City's Flatiron District.", "Beecher's Handmade Cheese __knowledge__ The company was founded by Kurt Beecher Dammeier in 2003 and opened in the Pike Place Market after Dammeier obtained a difficult to obtain storefront lease in the Market.", "Beecher's Handmade Cheese __knowledge__ Because Dammeier had never been a cheesemaker, he sought out the assistance of Brad Sinko, who helped run a family cheese-making business in Oregon.", "Beecher's Handmade Cheese __knowledge__ A second location was opened in 2011 in the Flatiron neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City.", "Beecher's Handmade Cheese __knowledge__ Unlike most artisan cheese makers, Beecher's mainly uses pasteurized milk and operates a high-volume modern production facility, with multiple farms supplying milk.", "Government cheese __knowledge__ Government cheese is processed cheese that was provided to welfare beneficiaries, Food Stamp recipients and the elderly receiving Social Security in the United States, and is still provided to food charities.", "Government cheese __knowledge__ The processed cheese was used in military kitchens since World War II and in schools since as early as the 1960s.", "Government cheese __knowledge__ Government cheese is a commodity cheese that was controlled by the U.S federal government from the time World War II ended and into the early 1980s.", "Government cheese __knowledge__ Government cheese was created to maintain the price of dairy when dairy industry subsidies artificially increased the supply of milk and created a surplus of milk that was then converted into cheese, butter, or powdered milk.", "Brunost __knowledge__ Brunost (\"brown cheese\") is a common, Norwegian name for mysost (\"whey cheese\"; ; ; ; ), a family of cheese-related foods made with whey, milk, and/or cream.", "Brunost __knowledge__ It is often used to just refer to the Gudbrandsdalsost (\"Gudbrand Valley Cheese\") type, which is the most popular variety.", "Brunost __knowledge__ Brunost is primarily produced and consumed in Norway.", "Brunost __knowledge__ It is regarded as one of the country's most iconic foodstuffs, and is considered an important part of Norwegian gastronomical and cultural identity and heritage.", "Brunost __knowledge__ Boiling down whey to create a soft, brown spread (such as the Norwegian prim and Swedish messmör) probably has been common in the Scandinavian countries since time immemorial.", "Trap Happy __knowledge__ Trap Happy is a 1946 American one-reel animated cartoon and is the 25th \"Tom and Jerry\" short directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera and produced by Fred Quimby.", "Trap Happy __knowledge__ It was animated by Ed Barge, Kenneth Muse, Michael Lah, Ray Patterson and Pete Burness.", "Trap Happy __knowledge__ The music was composed by Scott Bradley.", "Trap Happy __knowledge__ It was released to theaters on June 29, 1946.", "Trap Happy __knowledge__ It was re-issued on March 6, 1954.", "Trap Happy __knowledge__ It is one of Tom and Jerry's most violent cartoons.", "Trap Happy __knowledge__ Jerry Mouse is being chased down the steps by Tom Cat.", "Trap Happy __knowledge__ Jerry hides under a chair and Tom runs under it, but gets smacked on the bottom with a board from Jerry.", "Trap Happy __knowledge__ Jerry's mouse hole is then mined with dynamite, but unknowingly for Tom, Jerry has lit another firework under him, and both explode.", "Dutch cuisine __knowledge__ Dutch cuisine () is formed from the cooking traditions and practices of the Netherlands.", "Dutch cuisine __knowledge__ The country's cuisine is shaped by its location in the fertile North Sea river delta of the European Plain, giving rise to fishing, farming (for crops and domesticated animals), and trading over sea (colonialism and the spice trade).", "Dutch cuisine __knowledge__ Traditionally, Dutch cuisine is simple and straightforward, with many vegetables and little meat: breakfast and lunch are typically bread with toppings like cheese, while dinner is , supplemented with seasonal vegetables.", "Dutch cuisine __knowledge__ The diet contains many dairy products and was relatively high in carbohydrates and fat, reflecting the dietary needs of the laborers whose culture molded the country.", "Rats Like Cheese __knowledge__ \"Rats Like Cheese\" is the eighth episode of the \"Batman\" television series in its first season.", "Rats Like Cheese __knowledge__ First broadcast February 3, 1966, and repeated on May 19, 1966, it continues and concludes the story that began in \"Instant Freeze.\"", "Rats Like Cheese __knowledge__ In the former episode, Dr. Schivel, (also known as Mr.", "Rats Like Cheese __knowledge__ Freeze) previously left Batman and Robin frozen solid.", "Rats Like Cheese __knowledge__ An ambulance takes them to the Gotham City Hospital, where doctors use the \"Super Hypertherm De-icifier\" chamber to slowly restore their body temperature to normal levels.", "Rats Like Cheese __knowledge__ But Mr.", "Rats Like Cheese __knowledge__ Freeze has escaped with Princess Sandra's rare diamond, the \"Giaclio Circlo\".", "Rats Like Cheese __knowledge__ From his frozen lair, Mr.", "Ancient Roman cuisine __knowledge__ Ancient Roman cuisine changed over the long duration of the ancient Roman civilization.", "Ancient Roman cuisine __knowledge__ Dietary habits were affected by the influence of Greek culture, the political changes from kingdom to republic to empire, and the empire's enormous expansion, which exposed Romans to many new provincial culinary habits and cooking methods.", "Ancient Roman cuisine __knowledge__ In the beginning, dietary differences between Roman social classes were not very great, but disparities developed with the empire's growth.", "Ancient Roman cuisine __knowledge__ Traditionally, a breakfast called \"ientaculum\" was served at dawn.", "Ancient Roman cuisine __knowledge__ At mid-day to early afternoon, Romans ate \"cena\", the main meal of the day, and at nightfall a light supper \"vesperna\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cheese __knowledge__ Cheese is a food derived from milk that is produced in a wide range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein.", "Cheese __knowledge__ It comprises proteins and fat from milk, usually the milk of cows, buffalo, goats, or sheep.", "Cheese __knowledge__ During production, the milk is usually acidified, and adding the enzyme rennet causes coagulation.", "Cheese __knowledge__ The solids are separated and pressed into final form.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Some cheeses have molds on the rind, the outer layer, or throughout.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Most cheeses melt at cooking temperature.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Hundreds of types of cheese from various countries are produced.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Their styles, textures and flavors depend on the origin of the milk (including the animal's diet), whether they have been pasteurized, the butterfat content, the bacteria and mold, the processing, and aging.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Herbs, spices, or wood smoke may be used as flavoring agents.", "Cheese __knowledge__ The yellow to red color of many cheeses, such as Red Leicester, is produced by adding annatto.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Other ingredients may be added to some cheeses, such as black pepper, garlic, chives or cranberries.", "Cheese __knowledge__ For a few cheeses, the milk is curdled by adding acids such as vinegar or lemon juice.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Most cheeses are acidified to a lesser degree by bacteria, which turn milk sugars into lactic acid, then the addition of rennet completes the curdling.", "SMS Grosser Kurfürst (1913) __knowledge__ SMS \"Grosser Kurfürst\" was the second battleship of the four-ship .", "SMS Grosser Kurfürst (1913) __knowledge__ \"Grosser Kurfürst\" (or \"Großer\" \"Kurfürst\") served in the German Imperial Navy during World War I.", "SMS Grosser Kurfürst (1913) __knowledge__ The battleship was laid down in October 1911 and launched on 5 May 1913.", "SMS Grosser Kurfürst (1913) __knowledge__ She was formally commissioned into the Imperial Navy on 30 July 1914, days before the outbreak of war between Germany and the United Kingdom.", "SMS Grosser Kurfürst (1913) __knowledge__ Her name means Great Elector, and refers to Frederick William I, the Prince-elector of Brandenburg.", "SMS Grosser Kurfürst (1913) __knowledge__ \"Grosser Kurfürst\" was armed with ten guns in five twin turrets and could steam at a top speed of .", "SMS Grosser Kurfürst (1913) __knowledge__ Along with her three sister ships, , , and , \"Grosser Kurfürst\" took part in most of the fleet actions during the war, including the Battle of Jutland on 31 May and 1 June 1916.", "SMS Grosser Kurfürst (1875) __knowledge__ SMS \"Grosser Kurfürst\"  (or \"Großer\" ) was an ironclad turret ship of the German Kaiserliche Marine.", "SMS Grosser Kurfürst (1875) __knowledge__ She was laid down at the Imperial Dockyard in Wilhelmshaven in 1870 and completed in 1878; her long construction time was in part due to a redesign that was completed after work on the ship had begun.", "SMS Grosser Kurfürst (1875) __knowledge__ Her main battery of four guns was initially to be placed in a central armored battery, but during the redesign this was altered to a pair of twin gun turrets amidships.", "SMS Grosser Kurfürst (1875) __knowledge__ \"Grosser Kurfürst\" was sunk on her maiden voyage in an accidental collision with the ironclad .", "SMS Grosser Kurfürst (1875) __knowledge__ The two ships, along with were steaming in the English Channel on 31 May 1878.", "Ethnic groups in Baltimore __knowledge__ There have been various ethnic groups in Baltimore, Maryland and its surrounding area since it was founded as a British colony in 1661.", "Ethnic groups in Baltimore __knowledge__ Native Americans lived in the Baltimore territory for millennia before European colonization, and some still reside in the city.", "Ethnic groups in Baltimore __knowledge__ Since the first English settlers arrived, substantial immigration from all over Europe, migration of African-Americans from the Deep South, out-migration of White Southerners from Appalachia, and new waves of more recent immigrants from Latin America, the Caribbean, Asia and Africa have added layers of complexity to the workforce and culture of Baltimore, as well as the religious and ethnic fabric of the city.", "Rob Friend __knowledge__ Robert Douglas \"Rob\" Friend (born 23 January 1981) is a Canadian former professional and international soccer player.", "Rob Friend __knowledge__ Friend was born 23 January 1981 in Rosetown, Saskatchewan, Canada.", "Rob Friend __knowledge__ Growing up in Kelowna, British Columbia, he was the first Kelowna-based player to make the British Columbia Provincial team, a collection of top youth players, and was named captain for the 1997 team.", "Rob Friend __knowledge__ Friend was exposed to senior level play early, appearing for Okanagan Challenge of the Premier Development Soccer League as well as appearing in an exhibition for the Vancouver 86ers of the A-League.", "Rob Friend __knowledge__ Despite training with English club Crewe Alexandra F.C., Friend decided to attend Western Michigan University.", "George Friend __knowledge__ George Andrew Jordan Friend (born 19 October 1987) is an English professional footballer who plays as a left back for Championship club Middlesbrough.", "George Friend __knowledge__ In the 2012–13 season, Friend won Middlesbrough players' player of the season award.", "George Friend __knowledge__ The following season, Friend won it again along with the Player of the Season award.", "George Friend __knowledge__ Friend was named in the PFA Championship Team of the Year two years running, in the 2014–15 and 2015–16 seasons.", "George Friend __knowledge__ Friend was born in Barnstaple, Devon.", "George Friend __knowledge__ He began his career at then non-League Exeter City as a youth team player, signing a two-year professional contract in March 2006.", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "Alfred Grosser __knowledge__ Alfred Grosser (born 1 February 1925) is a German-French writer, sociologist, and political scientist.", "Alfred Grosser __knowledge__ He is known for his contributions towards the Franco-German cooperation after World War II and for criticizing Israel.", "Alfred Grosser __knowledge__ His father, Paul Grosser, was born in 1880 in Berlin and died 1934 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France.", "Alfred Grosser __knowledge__ A director of a children's hospital in Frankfurt am Main, socialist, freemason, and Jew, he was forced to immigrate to France in 1933 due to the increasing antisemitism in Nazi Germany.", "Alfred Grosser __knowledge__ Alfred and his mother were given French citizenship through a decree by the Minister of Justice, Vincent Auriol, in 1937; as a result, they were spared possible internment in a French camp following France's declaration of war on Germany, in September 1939, when, under the government of Daladier, German refugees from Nazism were treated as enemy aliens, along with other German residents.", "Milk __knowledge__ Milk is a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals.", "Milk __knowledge__ It is the primary source of nutrition for infant mammals (including humans who breastfeed) before they are able to digest other types of food.", "Milk __knowledge__ Early-lactation milk contains colostrum, which carries the mother's antibodies to its young and can reduce the risk of many diseases.", "Milk __knowledge__ It contains many other nutrients including protein and lactose.", "Milk __knowledge__ As an agricultural product, milk is extracted from non-human mammals during or soon after pregnancy.", "Milk __knowledge__ Dairy farms produced about 730 million tonnes of milk in 2011, from 260 million dairy cows.", "Milk __knowledge__ India is the world's largest producer of milk, and is the leading exporter of skimmed milk powder, yet it exports few other milk products.", "Lactalbumin __knowledge__ Lactalbumin, also known as \"whey protein\", is the albumin contained in milk and obtained from whey.", "Lactalbumin __knowledge__ Lactalbumin is found in the milk of many mammals.", "Lactalbumin __knowledge__ There are alpha and beta lactalbumins; both are contained in milk.", "Lactalbumin __knowledge__ Scientific studies suggest that certain types of lactalbumin (whey protein) can significantly improve immune responsiveness and increase levels of glutathione systemically in animals and possesses antiviral (against viruses), anti-apoptotic (impede cell death) and anti-tumor (against cancers or tumors) activities in humans.", "Lactalbumin __knowledge__ 1.", "Lactalbumin __knowledge__ Influence Of Dietary Lactalbumin Hydrolysate On The Immune System Of Mice And Resistance To Salmonellosis Bounous G., Stevenson M.M., Kongshavn P.A.", "A2 milk __knowledge__ A2 milk is cow's milk that mostly lacks a form of β-casein proteins called A1 and instead has mostly the A2 form.", "A2 milk __knowledge__ Milk like this was brought to market by The a2 Milk Company and is sold mostly in Australia, New Zealand, China, United States and the United Kingdom.", "A2 milk __knowledge__ The a2 Milk Company claims that milk containing A1 proteins is harmful, but a 2009 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) review found that there was insufficient evidence to prove that bioactive peptides in A1 milk have a negative effect on health.", "A2 milk __knowledge__ A1 and A2 beta-casein are genetic variants of the beta-casein milk protein that differ by one amino acid.", "Casein __knowledge__ Casein ( \"kay-seen\", from Latin \"caseus\", \"cheese\") is the name for a family of related phosphoproteins (αS1, αS2, β, κ).", "Casein __knowledge__ These proteins are commonly found in mammalian milk, comprising c. 80% of the proteins in cow's milk and between 20% and 45% of the proteins in human milk.", "Casein __knowledge__ Casein has a wide variety of uses, from being a major component of cheese, to use as a food additive.", "Casein __knowledge__ As a food source, casein supplies amino acids, carbohydrates, and two essential elements, calcium and phosphorus.", "Casein __knowledge__ Casein contains a high number of proline residues, which do not interact.", "Casein __knowledge__ There are also no disulfide bridges.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu, also known as bean curd, is a food cultivated by coagulating soy milk and then pressing the resulting curds into soft white blocks.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is a component in East Asian and Southeast Asian cuisines.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu can be soft, firm, or extra firm.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu has a subtle flavor and can be used in savory and sweet dishes.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is often seasoned or marinated to suit the dish.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu has a low calorie count and relatively large amounts of protein.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is high in iron, and it can have a high calcium or magnesium content, depending on the coagulants used in manufacturing (e.g.", "Tofu __knowledge__ calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate).", "Milk protein concentrate __knowledge__ Milk protein concentrate (MPC) is any type of concentrated milk product that contains 40–90% milk protein.", "Milk protein concentrate __knowledge__ The United States officially defines MPC as “any complete milk protein (casein plus lactalbumin) concentrate that is 40 percent or more protein by weight.” In addition to ultrafiltered milk products, the MPC classification includes concentrates made through other processes, such as blending nonfat dry milk with highly concentrated proteins, such as casein.", "Milk protein concentrate __knowledge__ To make milk protein concentrate, whole milk is first separated into cream and skim milk.", "Milk protein concentrate __knowledge__ The skim milk is then fractionated using ultrafiltration to make a skim concentrate that is lactose-reduced." ] ]

[ 0, 1, 5 ]

[ "Do you like cheese?", "It is derived from milk and is produced in a wide range of flavors and textures by the coagulation of the milk protein casein.", "Some cheeses contain mold either on the rind, the outer layer, or within the cheese itself." ]

[ "Cheese", "Cheese", "Cheese" ]

[ "Color blindness", "I am not colorblind but I have met people who are. ", "Wow! I never knew the name for it. I wonder how exactly people with Achromatopsia view the world?", "If gene therapy results in success, I believe that people with Achromatopsia will feel like it's a whole new world filled with brightness and beauty!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness can make some educational activities difficult.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Buying fruit, picking clothing, and reading traffic lights can be more challenging, for example.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Problems, however, are generally minor and most people adapt.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ People with total color blindness, however, may also have decreased visual acuity and be uncomfortable in bright environments.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ The most common cause of color blindness is an inherited fault in the development of one or more of the three sets of color sensing cones in the eye.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Males are more likely to be color blind than females, as the genes responsible for the most common forms of color blindness are on the X chromosome.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ As females have two X chromosomes, a defect in one is typically compensated for by the other, while males only have one X chromosome.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness can also result from physical or chemical damage to the eye, optic nerve, or parts of the brain.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Diagnosis is typically with the Ishihara color test; however a number of other testing methods also exist.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ There is no cure for color blindness.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Diagnosis may allow a person's teacher to change their method of teaching to accommodate the decreased ability to recognize colors." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness can make some educational activities difficult.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Buying fruit, picking clothing, and reading traffic lights can be more challenging, for example.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Problems, however, are generally minor and most people adapt.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ People with total color blindness, however, may also have decreased visual acuity and be uncomfortable in bright environments.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ The most common cause of color blindness is an inherited fault in the development of one or more of the three sets of color sensing cones in the eye.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Males are more likely to be color blind than females, as the genes responsible for the most common forms of color blindness are on the X chromosome.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ As females have two X chromosomes, a defect in one is typically compensated for by the other, while males only have one X chromosome.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness can also result from physical or chemical damage to the eye, optic nerve, or parts of the brain.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Diagnosis is typically with the Ishihara color test; however a number of other testing methods also exist.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ There is no cure for color blindness.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Diagnosis may allow a person's teacher to change their method of teaching to accommodate the decreased ability to recognize colors.", "Colorblind (Counting Crows song) __knowledge__ \"Colorblind \" is a song by American rock band Counting Crows.", "Colorblind (Counting Crows song) __knowledge__ Written by band members Adam Duritz and Charlie Gillingham for their third album \"This Desert Life\" (1999), production was helmed by Dennis Herring and David Lowery.", "Colorblind (Counting Crows song) __knowledge__ It was prominently featured in the 1999 drama film \"Cruel Intentions\" starring Sarah Michelle Gellar, Ryan Phillippe, Reese Witherspoon, and Selma Blair, and has since been covered by various artists, including Between the Buried and Me, Leona Lewis (for \"\"), and Natalie Walker.", "Colorblind (Counting Crows song) __knowledge__ A choral cover recorded by Scalia & Kolacny Brothers was also featured in the TV series \"Manhattan\" (Season 2, Episode 5, \"\"The World Of Tomorrow\"\").", "Colorblind James Experience __knowledge__ Colorblind James Experience were an alternative roots/pop/rock band founded in 1980 in San Francisco, California.", "Colorblind James Experience __knowledge__ Bandleader and singer/songwriter/guitarist \"Colorblind\" James Charles Cuminale was originally from Rochester, New York but assembled early versions of what would become the Experience in Oswego, New York before relocating to San Francisco.", "Colorblind James Experience __knowledge__ After a couple years of mixed results there, the band regrouped and moved again, this time back to Rochester which remained its home base until Cuminale's premature death in 2001.", "Colorblind James Experience __knowledge__ The band enjoyed brief fame in the UK and Europe after BBC DJ John Peel gave the Experience some exposure, and their music has made a deep and lasting impression.", "Aztez __knowledge__ Aztez is an side-scrolling brawler, turn-based strategy video game by Team Colorblind.", "Aztez __knowledge__ The player fights through areas within the Aztec empire prior to the Spanish invasion.", "Aztez __knowledge__ Team Colorblind, a two-person indie game development team, designed \"Aztez\" to play like an arcade game with the action of \"God of War\" or \"Devil May Cry\".", "Aztez __knowledge__ \"Aztez\" was released on August 1, 2017.", "Aztez __knowledge__ \"Aztez\" is a side-scrolling brawler, turn-based strategy game.", "Aztez __knowledge__ Set 20 years prior to the Spanish invasion, the player fights in areas based on places in the Aztec empire.", "Aztez __knowledge__ Player weapons include a sword, spear, knife, and club.", "Aztez __knowledge__ The game uses a grayscale and blood red color palette similar to that of 2010 action game \"MadWorld\".", "Hurt: The EP __knowledge__ Hurt: The EP is the first EP by British singer-songwriter Leona Lewis.", "Hurt: The EP __knowledge__ It was released on 9 December 2011 by Syco Music and RCA Records.", "Hurt: The EP __knowledge__ The EP served as something to bridge the gap for her fans whilst she finished recording her third studio album \"Glassheart\" (2012).", "Hurt: The EP __knowledge__ The album was supposed to be released in November 2011, but was delayed to March 2012, and again to November 2012.", "Hurt: The EP __knowledge__ Lewis's reason for delaying the album was because after she met producer Fraser T Smith, the singer wanted to collaborate on new material for possible inclusion on \"Glassheart\".", "Hurt: The EP __knowledge__ As a result, Smith also produced \"Hurt: The EP\".", "Hank Skinner __knowledge__ Henry Watkins \"Hank\" Skinner (born April 4, 1962) is a death row inmate in Texas.", "Hank Skinner __knowledge__ In 1995, he was convicted of bludgeoning to death his live-in girlfriend, Twila Busby, and stabbing to death her two adult sons, Randy Busby and Elwin Caler.", "Hank Skinner __knowledge__ On March 24, 2010, only twenty minutes before his scheduled execution (second execution date), the U.S. Supreme Court issued a stay of execution to consider the question of whether Skinner could request testing of DNA his attorney chose not to have tested at his original trial in 1994.", "Hank Skinner __knowledge__ A third execution date for November 9, 2011, was also ultimately stayed by the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals on November 7, 2011.", "Colorblind (Chroma Key song) __knowledge__ Colorblind is the only single released by ex-Dream Theater Keyboardist Kevin Moore, under his standard recording name, Chroma Key.", "Colorblind (Chroma Key song) __knowledge__ The standard edit of \"Colorblind\" can be found as track 1 of the album Dead Air for Radios.", "Colorblind (Chroma Key song) __knowledge__ The CD contains 6 tracks, including the feature radio edit single of \"Colorblind\", along with radio edits of two other tracks from the same album (On the Page and Even the Waves.)", "Colorblind (Chroma Key song) __knowledge__ The CD also contains demo versions of the two aforementioned tracks, as well as a demo of a song called \"Blanket\", which did not appear on the album.", "Colorblind (Chroma Key song) __knowledge__ The CD very rare and nearly impossible to buy, but a download version is available via the official website.", "Achromatopsia __knowledge__ Achromatopsia (ACHM), also known as total color blindness, is a medical syndrome that exhibits symptoms relating to at least five conditions.", "Achromatopsia __knowledge__ The term may refer to acquired conditions such as cerebral achromatopsia, also known as color agnosia, but it typically refers to an autosomal recessive congenital color vision condition, the inability to perceive color and to achieve satisfactory visual acuity at high light levels (typically exterior daylight).", "Achromatopsia __knowledge__ The syndrome is also present in an incomplete form which is more properly defined as dyschromatopsia.", "Achromatopsia __knowledge__ It is estimated to affect 1 in 40,000 live births worldwide.", "Knowledge argument __knowledge__ The knowledge argument (also known as Mary's room or Mary the super-scientist) is a philosophical thought experiment proposed by Frank Jackson in his article \"Epiphenomenal Qualia\" (1982) and extended in \"What Mary Didn't Know\" (1986).", "Knowledge argument __knowledge__ The experiment is intended to argue against physicalism—the view that the universe, including all that is mental, is entirely physical.", "Knowledge argument __knowledge__ The debate that emerged following its publication became the subject of an edited volume—\"There's Something About Mary\" (2004)—which includes replies from such philosophers as Daniel Dennett, David Lewis, and Paul Churchland.", "Knowledge argument __knowledge__ Mary's Room is a thought experiment that attempts to establish that there are non-physical properties and attainable knowledge that can be discovered only through conscious experience.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color psychology is the study of hues as a determinant of human behavior.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color influences perceptions that are not obvious, such as the taste of food.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colours can also enhance the effectiveness of placebos.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For example, red or orange pills are generally used as stimulants.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colour can indeed influence a person; however, it is important to remember that these effects differ between people.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Factors such as gender, age, and culture can influence how an individual perceives color.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For instance, heterosexual men tend to report that red outfits enhance female attractiveness, while heterosexual females deny any outfit color impacting that of men.", "Deilephila elpenor __knowledge__ Deilephila elpenor, also known as the elephant hawk moth, is a moth in the \"Sphingdae\" family.", "Deilephila elpenor __knowledge__ Its common name is derived from the caterpillar's resemblance to an elephant's trunk.", "Deilephila elpenor __knowledge__ It is most common in central Europe and is distributed throughout the palearctic region.", "Deilephila elpenor __knowledge__ Its distinct olive and pink coloring makes it one of the most recognizable moths in its range.", "Deilephila elpenor __knowledge__ However, it is quite easy to confuse the elephant hawk moth with the small elephant hawk moth, a closely related species that also shares the characteristic colors.", "Deilephila elpenor __knowledge__ These moths are nocturnal and therefore feed on flowers that open or produce nectar at nighttime.", "BSAVE (bitmap format) __knowledge__ A BSAVE Image (aka \"BSAVED Image\") as it is referenced in a graphics program is an image file format created usually by saving raw video memory to disk (sometimes but not always in a BASIC program using the BSAVE command).", "BSAVE (bitmap format) __knowledge__ The BASIC BSAVE command is a general command meant for dumping ranges of memory addresses to disk.", "BSAVE (bitmap format) __knowledge__ Data could be recalled using the counterpart BLOAD command.", "BSAVE (bitmap format) __knowledge__ Some platforms provided a BRUN command that would immediately attempt to execute the loaded RAM image as a program.", "BSAVE (bitmap format) __knowledge__ BSAVE was in general use as a file format when the IBM PC was introduced.", "BSAVE (bitmap format) __knowledge__ It was also in general use on the Apple II in the same time period.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Visual impairment, also known as vision impairment or vision loss, is a decreased ability to see to a degree that causes problems not fixable by usual means, such as glasses.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Some also include those who have a decreased ability to see because they do not have access to glasses or contact lenses.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Visual impairment is often defined as a best corrected visual acuity of worse than either 20/40 or 20/60.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ The term blindness is used for complete or nearly complete vision loss.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Visual impairment may cause people difficulties with normal daily activities such as driving, reading, socializing, and walking." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness can make some educational activities difficult.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Buying fruit, picking clothing, and reading traffic lights can be more challenging, for example.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Problems, however, are generally minor and most people adapt.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ People with total color blindness, however, may also have decreased visual acuity and be uncomfortable in bright environments.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ The most common cause of color blindness is an inherited fault in the development of one or more of the three sets of color sensing cones in the eye.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Males are more likely to be color blind than females, as the genes responsible for the most common forms of color blindness are on the X chromosome.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ As females have two X chromosomes, a defect in one is typically compensated for by the other, while males only have one X chromosome.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness can also result from physical or chemical damage to the eye, optic nerve, or parts of the brain.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Diagnosis is typically with the Ishihara color test; however a number of other testing methods also exist.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ There is no cure for color blindness.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Diagnosis may allow a person's teacher to change their method of teaching to accommodate the decreased ability to recognize colors.", "Cerebral achromatopsia __knowledge__ Cerebral achromatopsia is a type of color-blindness caused by damage to the cerebral cortex of the brain, rather than abnormalities in the cells of the eye's retina.", "Cerebral achromatopsia __knowledge__ It is often confused with congenital achromatopsia but underlying physiological deficits of the disorders are completely distinct.", "Cerebral achromatopsia __knowledge__ Patients with cerebral achromatopsia deny having any experience of color when asked and fail standard clinical assessments like the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test (a test of color ordering with no naming requirements).", "Cerebral achromatopsia __knowledge__ Patients may often not notice their loss of color vision and merely describe the world they see as being \"drab\".", "Achromatopsia __knowledge__ Achromatopsia (ACHM), also known as total color blindness, is a medical syndrome that exhibits symptoms relating to at least five conditions.", "Achromatopsia __knowledge__ The term may refer to acquired conditions such as cerebral achromatopsia, also known as color agnosia, but it typically refers to an autosomal recessive congenital color vision condition, the inability to perceive color and to achieve satisfactory visual acuity at high light levels (typically exterior daylight).", "Achromatopsia __knowledge__ The syndrome is also present in an incomplete form which is more properly defined as dyschromatopsia.", "Achromatopsia __knowledge__ It is estimated to affect 1 in 40,000 live births worldwide.", "Colour centre __knowledge__ The colour centre is a region in the brain primarily responsible for visual perception and cortical processing of colour signals received by the eye, which ultimately results in colour vision.", "Colour centre __knowledge__ The colour centre in humans is thought to be located in the ventral occipital lobe as part of the visual system, in addition to other areas responsible for recognizing and processing specific visual stimuli, such as faces, words, and objects.", "Colour centre __knowledge__ Many functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in both humans and macaque monkeys have shown colour stimuli to activate multiple areas in the brain, including the fusiform gyrus and the lingual gyrus.", "Inferior temporal gyrus __knowledge__ The inferior temporal gyrus is placed below the middle temporal gyrus, and is connected behind with the inferior occipital gyrus; it also extends around the infero-lateral border on to the inferior surface of the temporal lobe, where it is limited by the inferior sulcus.", "Inferior temporal gyrus __knowledge__ This region is one of the higher levels of the ventral stream of visual processing, associated with the representation of complex object features, such as global shape.", "Inferior temporal gyrus __knowledge__ It may also be involved in face perception, and in the recognition of numbers.", "Inferior temporal gyrus __knowledge__ The inferior temporal gyrus is the anterior region of the temporal lobe located underneath the central temporal sulcus.", "Gene therapy for color blindness __knowledge__ Gene therapy for color blindness is an experimental gene therapy aiming to convert congenitally colorblind individuals to trichromats by introducing a photopigment gene that they lack.", "Gene therapy for color blindness __knowledge__ Though partial color blindness is considered only a mild disability and is controversial whether it is even a disorder, it is a condition that affects many people, particularly males.", "Gene therapy for color blindness __knowledge__ Complete color blindness, or achromatopsia, is very rare but more severe.", "Gene therapy for color blindness __knowledge__ While never demonstrated in humans, animal studies have shown that it is possible to confer color vision by injecting a gene of the missing photopigment using gene therapy.", "XTC __knowledge__ XTC were an English rock band formed in Swindon in 1972 and active until 2006.", "XTC __knowledge__ Led by songwriters Andy Partridge and Colin Moulding, the band gained popularity during the rise of punk and new wave in the 1970s, later playing in a variety of styles that ranged from angular guitar riffs to elaborately arranged pop.", "XTC __knowledge__ Partly because the group did not fit into contemporary trends, they failed to maintain commercial success in the UK and US.", "XTC __knowledge__ They have since attracted a considerable cult following, and are recognised for their influence on Britpop and later power pop acts.", "XTC __knowledge__ Partridge (guitar, vocals) and Moulding (bass, vocals) met at a record store in the early 1970s and subsequently formed a glitter rock outfit with drummer Terry Chambers.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Color blindness (race) __knowledge__ Color blindness, in sociology, is a concept describing the ideal of a society where racial classifications do not limit a person's opportunities, as well as the kind of deliberately race-neutral governmental policies said to promote the goal of racial equality.", "Color blindness (race) __knowledge__ This ideal was important to the U.S. civil rights movement and international anti-racist movements of the 1950s and 1960s.", "Color blindness (race) __knowledge__ The goal of 1960s civil-rights legislation in the United States was to remove racial discrimination and so establish a race-neutral standard.", "Color blindness (race) __knowledge__ Martin Luther King, Jr.'s central hope was that people would someday be judged by \"the content of their character\" rather than \"the color of their skins\".", "Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test __knowledge__ The Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Color Vision Test, or Munsell Vision Test, is a test of the human visual system often used to test for color blindness.", "Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test __knowledge__ The system was developed by Dean Farnsworth in the 1940s and it tests the ability to isolate and arrange minute differences in various color targets with constant value and chroma that cover all the visual hues described by the Munsell color system.", "Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test __knowledge__ There are several variations of the test, one featuring 100 color hues and one featuring 15 color hues.", "Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test __knowledge__ Originally taken in an analog environment with physical hue tiles, the test is now taken from computer consoles.", "Pingelap __knowledge__ Pingelap is an atoll in the Pacific Ocean, part of Pohnpei State of the Federated States of Micronesia, consisting of three islands: Pingelap Island, Sukoru and Daekae, linked by a reef system and surrounding a central lagoon, although only Pingelap Island is inhabited.", "Pingelap __knowledge__ The entire system has a land area of 1.8 km² (455 acres) at high-tide, and is less than at its widest point.", "Pingelap __knowledge__ The atoll has its own language, Pingelapese, spoken by most of the atoll's 250 residents.", "Pingelap __knowledge__ The first European observer of the islands was Captain Thomas Musgrave in the ship .", "Pingelap __knowledge__ Captain MacAskill in revisited them in 1809.", "Pingelap __knowledge__ Errors in measurement of their location resulted in the islands being separately named on charts in the 19th century as the Musgrave Islands and the MacAskill islands, within the Caroline archipelago." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness can make some educational activities difficult.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Buying fruit, picking clothing, and reading traffic lights can be more challenging, for example.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Problems, however, are generally minor and most people adapt.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ People with total color blindness, however, may also have decreased visual acuity and be uncomfortable in bright environments.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ The most common cause of color blindness is an inherited fault in the development of one or more of the three sets of color sensing cones in the eye.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Males are more likely to be color blind than females, as the genes responsible for the most common forms of color blindness are on the X chromosome.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ As females have two X chromosomes, a defect in one is typically compensated for by the other, while males only have one X chromosome.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness can also result from physical or chemical damage to the eye, optic nerve, or parts of the brain.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Diagnosis is typically with the Ishihara color test; however a number of other testing methods also exist.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ There is no cure for color blindness.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Diagnosis may allow a person's teacher to change their method of teaching to accommodate the decreased ability to recognize colors.", "Gene therapy for color blindness __knowledge__ Gene therapy for color blindness is an experimental gene therapy aiming to convert congenitally colorblind individuals to trichromats by introducing a photopigment gene that they lack.", "Gene therapy for color blindness __knowledge__ Though partial color blindness is considered only a mild disability and is controversial whether it is even a disorder, it is a condition that affects many people, particularly males.", "Gene therapy for color blindness __knowledge__ Complete color blindness, or achromatopsia, is very rare but more severe.", "Gene therapy for color blindness __knowledge__ While never demonstrated in humans, animal studies have shown that it is possible to confer color vision by injecting a gene of the missing photopigment using gene therapy.", "Gene therapy __knowledge__ Gene therapy is the therapeutic delivery of nucleic acid into a patient's cells as a drug to treat disease.", "Gene therapy __knowledge__ The first attempt at modifying human DNA was performed in 1980 by Martin Cline, but the first successful nuclear gene transfer in humans, approved by the National Institutes of Health, was performed in May 1989.", "Gene therapy __knowledge__ The first therapeutic use of gene transfer as well as the first direct insertion of human DNA into the nuclear genome was performed by French Anderson in a trial starting in September 1990.", "Gene therapy __knowledge__ Between 1989 and February 2016, over 2,300 clinical trials had been conducted, more than half of them in phase I.", "Achromatopsia __knowledge__ Achromatopsia (ACHM), also known as total color blindness, is a medical syndrome that exhibits symptoms relating to at least five conditions.", "Achromatopsia __knowledge__ The term may refer to acquired conditions such as cerebral achromatopsia, also known as color agnosia, but it typically refers to an autosomal recessive congenital color vision condition, the inability to perceive color and to achieve satisfactory visual acuity at high light levels (typically exterior daylight).", "Achromatopsia __knowledge__ The syndrome is also present in an incomplete form which is more properly defined as dyschromatopsia.", "Achromatopsia __knowledge__ It is estimated to affect 1 in 40,000 live births worldwide.", "Gene doping __knowledge__ Gene doping is the hypothetical non-therapeutic use of gene therapy by athletes in order to improve their performance in those sporting events which prohibit such applications of genetic modification technology, and for reasons other than the treatment of disease.", "Gene doping __knowledge__ , there is no evidence that gene doping has been used for athletic performance-enhancement in any sporting events.", "Gene doping __knowledge__ Gene doping would involve the use of gene transfer to increase or decrease gene expression and protein biosynthesis of a specific human protein; this could be done by directly injecting the gene carrier into the person, or by taking cells from the person, transfecting the cells, and administering the cells back to the person.", "Designer baby __knowledge__ A designer baby is a human embryo which has been genetically modified, usually following guidelines set by the parent or scientist, to produce desirable traits.", "Designer baby __knowledge__ This is done using various methods, such as germline engineering or Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD).", "Designer baby __knowledge__ This technology is the subject of ethical debate, bringing up the concept of genetically modified \"superhumans\" to replace modern humans.", "Designer baby __knowledge__ In medicine and (clinical) genetics pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD or PIGD) (also known as embryo screening) is a procedure performed on embryos prior to implantation, sometimes even on oocytes prior to fertilization.", "Cerebral achromatopsia __knowledge__ Cerebral achromatopsia is a type of color-blindness caused by damage to the cerebral cortex of the brain, rather than abnormalities in the cells of the eye's retina.", "Cerebral achromatopsia __knowledge__ It is often confused with congenital achromatopsia but underlying physiological deficits of the disorders are completely distinct.", "Cerebral achromatopsia __knowledge__ Patients with cerebral achromatopsia deny having any experience of color when asked and fail standard clinical assessments like the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test (a test of color ordering with no naming requirements).", "Cerebral achromatopsia __knowledge__ Patients may often not notice their loss of color vision and merely describe the world they see as being \"drab\".", "Vectors in gene therapy __knowledge__ Gene therapy utilizes the delivery of DNA into cells, which can be accomplished by several methods, summarized below.", "Vectors in gene therapy __knowledge__ The two major classes of methods are those that use recombinant viruses (sometimes called biological nanoparticles or viral vectors) and those that use naked DNA or DNA complexes (non-viral methods).", "Vectors in gene therapy __knowledge__ All viruses bind to their hosts and introduce their genetic material into the host cell as part of their replication cycle.", "Vectors in gene therapy __knowledge__ This genetic material contains basic 'instructions' of how to produce more copies of these viruses, hacking the body's normal production machinery to serve the needs of the virus.", "Viral vector __knowledge__ Viral vectors are tools commonly used by molecular biologists to deliver genetic material into cells.", "Viral vector __knowledge__ This process can be performed inside a living organism (\"in vivo\") or in cell culture (\"in vitro\").", "Viral vector __knowledge__ Viruses have evolved specialized molecular mechanisms to efficiently transport their genomes inside the cells they infect.", "Viral vector __knowledge__ Delivery of genes by a virus is termed transduction and the infected cells are described as transduced.", "Viral vector __knowledge__ Molecular biologists first harnessed this machinery in the 1970s.", "Viral vector __knowledge__ Paul Berg used a modified SV40 virus containing DNA from the bacteriophage λ to infect monkey kidney cells maintained in culture.", "Gene therapy for osteoarthritis __knowledge__ Gene transfer strategies for medical management of the Osteoarthritis have attracted the attention of scientists due to the complex pathology of this chronic disease.", "Gene therapy for osteoarthritis __knowledge__ Unlike other pharmacological treatments, gene therapy targets the disease process rather than the symptoms.", "Gene therapy for osteoarthritis __knowledge__ Passing from parents to children, genes are the building blocks of inheritance.", "Gene therapy for osteoarthritis __knowledge__ They contain instructions for making proteins.", "Gene therapy for osteoarthritis __knowledge__ If genes do not produce the right proteins in a correct way, a child can have a genetic disorder.", "Gene therapy for osteoarthritis __knowledge__ Gene therapy is a molecular method aiming to replace defective or absent genes, or to counteract the ones undergoing overexpression." ] ]

[ 1, 44, 28, 14 ]

[ "Are you colorblind having decreased ability to see color or differences in color?", "Achromatopsia is known as total color blindness", "It is very severe and I believe they see the world in shades of gray. Work is in progress for gene therapy.", "Yes. For those with partial color blindness it will provide increased job opportunities. It affects many people, especially males." ]

[ "Color blindness", "Color blindness", "Color blindness", "Color blindness" ]

[ "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)\nThe show Battlestar Galactica is my favorite one. It's a TV series from 2004.", "I didn't know that, that's interesting how successful he is.", "He is one of my favorite ones too, he was marvelous. Is there any more sci-fi shows you like to watch?", "Oh Vampire Diaries is a pretty cool show, I like it too. I like vampire movies like Twilight too.", "It doesn't surprise me, it was a very popular show. Who wouldn't love Daemon and Elena from Vampire Diaries." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ Battlestar Galactica (BSG) is an American military science fiction television series, and part of the \"Battlestar Galactica\" franchise.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The show was developed by Ronald D. Moore and executive produced by Moore and David Eick as a re-imagining of the 1978 \"Battlestar Galactica\" television series created by Glen A. Larson.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The series first aired as a three-hour miniseries (comprising four broadcast hours) in December 2003 on the Sci-Fi Channel, and ran for four seasons thereafter, ending its run on March 20, 2009.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The series features Edward James Olmos and Mary McDonnell, and garnered a wide range of critical acclaim, which included a Peabody Award, the Television Critics Association's Program of the Year Award, a placement inside \"Time\"s 100 Best TV Shows of All-Time, and Emmy nominations for its writing, directing, costume design, visual effects, sound mixing, and sound editing, with Emmy wins for both visual effects and sound editing.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ \"Battlestar Galactica\" is set in a distant star system, where a civilization of humans lives on a group of planets known as the Twelve Colonies.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ In the past, the Colonies had been at war with an android race of their own creation, known as the Cylons.", "Battlestar Galactica __knowledge__ Battlestar Galactica is an American science fiction media franchise created by Glen A. Larson.", "Battlestar Galactica __knowledge__ The franchise began with the original television series in 1978 and was followed by a short-run sequel series (\"Galactica 1980\"), a line of book adaptations, original novels, comic books, a board game, and video games.", "Battlestar Galactica __knowledge__ A re-imagined version of \"Battlestar Galactica\" aired as a two-part, three-hour miniseries developed by Ronald D. Moore and David Eick in 2003.", "Battlestar Galactica __knowledge__ That miniseries led to a weekly television series, which aired until 2009.", "Battlestar Galactica __knowledge__ A prequel series, \"Caprica\", aired in 2010.", "Battlestar Galactica __knowledge__ All \"Battlestar Galactica\" productions share the premise that in a distant part of the universe, a human civilization has extended to a group of planets known as the Twelve Colonies, to which they have migrated from their ancestral homeworld of Kobol.", "Battlestar Galactica (comics) __knowledge__ \"Battlestar Galactica\" has been adapted to the comic book format since its inception, with no less than six publishers to date taking on the project of relating the story of the Colonial Fleet and their adversaries, the Cylons, at different points.", "Battlestar Galactica (comics) __knowledge__ The comic book \"Battlestar Galactica\", based on the ABC television series of the same name, was published monthly by Marvel Comics from March 1979 through January 1981, and lasted 23 issues.", "Battlestar Galactica (comics) __knowledge__ Although there were other attempts to adapt \"Battlestar Galactica\" into a comic book format, the Marvel series is considered by many to have been the most successful in terms of run, sales, and content.", "List of Battlestar Galactica video games __knowledge__ A number of video games have been released based on the various incarnations of the \"Battlestar Galactica\" franchise.", "List of Battlestar Galactica video games __knowledge__ Mattel-developed Space Battle for Intellivision and its M-Network counterpart, Space Attack for the Atari VCS/2600 platform, were originally stated to be games based on the Battlestar Galactica series.", "List of Battlestar Galactica video games __knowledge__ One of Mattel's subsidiaries, Concepts 2000, had the license to produce Battlestar Galactica electronic toys, so it was figured to be a lock that Mattel would get the license to produce the official Battlestar Galactica video game.", "List of Battlestar Galactica video games __knowledge__ The game was well into development when they discovered Mattel didn't get the license.", "Music of Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The music of the 2004 TV series \"Battlestar Galactica\" is a body of work largely credited to the composers Bear McCreary and Richard Gibbs.", "Music of Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The music of \"Battlestar Galactica\" displays a variety of ethnic influences and generally does not conform to the \"orchestral\" style of many science fiction scores.", "Music of Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The music of \"Battlestar Galactica\" makes use of the technique called \"leitmotif\".", "Music of Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ A leitmotif is a phrase or melodic cell that signifies a character, place, plot element, mood, idea, relationship or other specific part of the story.", "Music of Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ It is commonly used in modern film scoring as a device to mentally anchor certain parts of a film to the soundtrack.", "List of spacecraft in Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ There have been many appearances of various spacecraft in the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica science fiction television series, with the primary means of travel being FTL.", "List of spacecraft in Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ A ship in the refugee fleet.", "List of spacecraft in Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ Named after Adrasteia, in Greek Mythology, was a nymph who was charged by Rhea to raise the infant Zeus in secret to protect him from his father Cronus.", "List of spacecraft in Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The \"Adriatic\" is one of the few civilian ships in the refugee fleet equipped with weapons.", "List of spacecraft in Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The ship was armed with at least a battery of ship-to-ship missiles; the reason for its armament was to protect the fleet while the Galactica was off on missions (such as the attack on the tylium asteroid).", "Battlestar (reimagining) __knowledge__ A battlestar is a battleship/carrier hybrid starship in the reimagined science fiction television series \"Battlestar Galactica\".", "Battlestar (reimagining) __knowledge__ The reimagined series' battlestars and the series' other visual effects were designed and created by Zoic Studios for \"Battlestar Galactica\".", "Battlestar (reimagining) __knowledge__ The battlestars \"Galactica\", \"Atlantia\", \"Triton\", \"Solaria\" and \"Columbia\" were named in the miniseries; battlestars \"Pegasus\" and \"Valkyrie\" were seen during the subsequent television series.", "Battlestar (reimagining) __knowledge__ Twelve battlestars were built at the start of the first Cylon War, one for each of the Twelve Colonies; \"Galactica\" represented the colony of Caprica." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ Battlestar Galactica (BSG) is an American military science fiction television series, and part of the \"Battlestar Galactica\" franchise.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The show was developed by Ronald D. Moore and executive produced by Moore and David Eick as a re-imagining of the 1978 \"Battlestar Galactica\" television series created by Glen A. Larson.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The series first aired as a three-hour miniseries (comprising four broadcast hours) in December 2003 on the Sci-Fi Channel, and ran for four seasons thereafter, ending its run on March 20, 2009.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The series features Edward James Olmos and Mary McDonnell, and garnered a wide range of critical acclaim, which included a Peabody Award, the Television Critics Association's Program of the Year Award, a placement inside \"Time\"s 100 Best TV Shows of All-Time, and Emmy nominations for its writing, directing, costume design, visual effects, sound mixing, and sound editing, with Emmy wins for both visual effects and sound editing.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ \"Battlestar Galactica\" is set in a distant star system, where a civilization of humans lives on a group of planets known as the Twelve Colonies.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ In the past, the Colonies had been at war with an android race of their own creation, known as the Cylons.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ \"Daredevil\" is an American web television series created for Netflix by Drew Goddard, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise, and is the first in a series of shows that will lead up to a Defenders crossover miniseries.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ The series stars Charlie Cox as Matt Murdock / Daredevil, as well as Deborah Ann Woll, Elden Henson, Rosario Dawson, and Vincent D'Onofrio.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ Toby Leonard Moore, Vondie Curtis-Hall, Bob Gunton, and Ayelet Zurer join them for the first season, while Jon Bernthal, Élodie Yung, and Stephen Rider join them for the second.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ This article contains brief biographies for characters from Terry Pratchett's \"Discworld\" series.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ This list consists of human characters.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ For biographies of noted members of the Discworld's \"ethnic minorities\" (dwarfs, trolls, undead (Discworld), etc.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ ), see the specific articles for those races.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ Some character biographies are also listed in articles relating to the organisations they belong to.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ For further Discworld character biographies, see the table below.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ Characters are listed alphabetically by name.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ The daughter of Robert Dearheart, founder of the Grand Trunk Semaphore Company, and sister of the murdered John Dearheart, Adora Belle Dearheart (featured in \"Going Postal\", \"Making Money\" and \"Raising Steam\") is cynical, angry, and a heavy smoker (so memorably heavy that Moist, needing to find her, considered looking for a large plume of smoke coming from houses in the area, but ultimately asked a tobacconist), although it is also noted that she looks extremely good in a very plain gray dress.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ Thomas Todd Manning is a fictional character from the American daytime drama \"One Life to Live\" (\"OLTL\").", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ Created by writer Michael Malone, the role was originated in 1992 by actor Roger Howarth.", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ Todd was a college student and fraternity brother to Kevin Buchanan, Zach Rosen, and Powell Lord.", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ In 1993, following a storyline in which he becomes acquainted with Marty Saybrooke, he initiates a gang rape on her with the help of Zach and Powell.", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ The storyline was considered groundbreaking by television critics.", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ Its main players—Howarth, Susan Haskell (Marty), and Hillary B. Smith (Todd's lawyer Nora Hanen)—won Emmys in 1994, as did Malone and his writing team.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "Dominion War __knowledge__ The Dominion War is an extended plot concept developed in several story arcs of \"\", an American science-fiction television series produced by Paramount Pictures.", "Dominion War __knowledge__ In the fictional \"Star Trek\" universe, the Dominion War is a conflict between the forces of the Dominion, Cardassian Union and, later, the Breen Confederacy against the Alpha Quadrant alliance of the United Federation of Planets, Klingon Empire and, later, the Romulan Star Empire.", "Dominion War __knowledge__ The primary setting of much of the series is aboard the fictional Starfleet controlled space station Deep Space Nine, located adjacent to the mouth of a stable wormhole near the planet Bajor.", "Star Trek: Deep Space Nine __knowledge__ Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (sometimes abbreviated to DS9) is a science fiction television series set in the \"Star Trek\" universe in the Milky Way galaxy, in the years 2369–2375.", "Star Trek: Deep Space Nine __knowledge__ In contrast to other \"Star Trek\" TV series, it primarily takes place on a space station rather than a starship, so as not to have two series with starships in the same time period; the series ran concurrently with \"\" during its first two seasons and with \"\" for the remainder of its run.", "Star Trek: Deep Space Nine __knowledge__ The starship USS \"Defiant\" was introduced in season 3, but the space station Deep Space Nine remained the series' primary setting.", "Star Trek: Deep Space Nine __knowledge__ The series is noted for its well-developed characters, original and complex plots, religious themes, and for starring the first black captain in any of the televised \"Star Trek\" incarnations.", "Star Trek __knowledge__ Star Trek is an American media franchise based on the science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry.", "Star Trek __knowledge__ The first television series, simply called \"Star Trek\" and now referred to as \"\"\"\", debuted in 1966 and aired for three seasons on the television network NBC.", "Star Trek __knowledge__ It followed the interstellar adventures of Captain James T. Kirk (William Shatner) and his crew aboard the starship USS \"Enterprise\", a space exploration vessel, built by the United Federation of Planets in the twenty-third century.", "Star Trek __knowledge__ The \"Star Trek\" canon of the franchise includes \"The Original Series\", an animated series, five spin-off television series, the film franchise, and further adaptations in several media.", "Star Trek: The Next Generation __knowledge__ Star Trek: The Next Generation (abbreviated as TNG and ST:TNG) is an American science-fiction television series in the \"Star Trek\" franchise created by Gene Roddenberry that ran from 1987 to 1994.", "Star Trek: The Next Generation __knowledge__ Roddenberry, Maurice Hurley, Rick Berman, Michael Piller, and Jeri Taylor served as executive producers at different times throughout its production.", "Star Trek: The Next Generation __knowledge__ The series involves a starship named \"Enterprise\" and is set in the nearby regions of the Milky Way galaxy, the Alpha Quadrant.", "Star Trek: The Next Generation __knowledge__ The first episode takes place in the year 2364, 100 years after the start of the five-year mission described in the original series, which began in 2264.", "Star Trek: First Contact __knowledge__ Star Trek: First Contact is a 1996 American science fiction film directed by Jonathan Frakes in his directorial debut, and based on the franchise of the same name created by Gene Roddenberry.", "Star Trek: First Contact __knowledge__ It is the eighth film in the \"Star Trek\" film series, as well as the second to star the cast of the series \"\".", "Star Trek: First Contact __knowledge__ In the film, the crew of the USS \"Enterprise\"-E travel back in time to the mid 21st-century in order to stop the cybernetic Borg from conquering Earth by changing the past.", "Star Trek: First Contact __knowledge__ After the release of the seventh film, \"Star Trek Generations\" (1994), Paramount Pictures tasked writers Brannon Braga and Ronald D. Moore with developing the next film in the series.", "Star Trek: Enterprise __knowledge__ Star Trek: Enterprise (titled simply Enterprise until the third episode of ) is an American science fiction television series created by Rick Berman and Brannon Braga as a prequel to \"\".", "Star Trek: Enterprise __knowledge__ It originally aired from September 26, 2001 to May 13, 2005 on UPN, spanning .", "Star Trek: Enterprise __knowledge__ Set in the 22nd century 100 years before the USS \"Enterprise\"'s five-year mission in \"Star Trek: The Original Series\", the series follows the adventures of the crew of the first Warp 5 capable Starfleet starship, \"Enterprise\" (registration NX-01), as they explore the galaxy.", "Star Trek: Enterprise __knowledge__ After being asked to produce a fifth \"Star Trek\" series by UPN, Braga and Berman sought to create a more basic and relatable series set after the 21st century events of the film \"\".", "Trials and Tribble-ations __knowledge__ \"Trials and Tribble-ations\" is the 104th episode of the American science fiction television series \"\", the sixth episode of the .", "Trials and Tribble-ations __knowledge__ It was written as a tribute to the of \"Star Trek,\" in the 30th anniversary year of the show; sister series \"\" produced a similar episode, \"\".", "Trials and Tribble-ations __knowledge__ The idea for the episode was suggested by René Echevarria, and Ronald D. Moore suggested the link to \"The Trouble with Tribbles\".", "Trials and Tribble-ations __knowledge__ The pair were credited for their work on the teleplay, with the story credit going to Ira Steven Behr, Hans Beimler and Robert Hewitt Wolfe.", "Trials and Tribble-ations __knowledge__ Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures on Deep Space Nine, a space station located near a stable wormhole between the Alpha and Gamma quadrants of the Milky Way Galaxy." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ Battlestar Galactica (BSG) is an American military science fiction television series, and part of the \"Battlestar Galactica\" franchise.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The show was developed by Ronald D. Moore and executive produced by Moore and David Eick as a re-imagining of the 1978 \"Battlestar Galactica\" television series created by Glen A. Larson.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The series first aired as a three-hour miniseries (comprising four broadcast hours) in December 2003 on the Sci-Fi Channel, and ran for four seasons thereafter, ending its run on March 20, 2009.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The series features Edward James Olmos and Mary McDonnell, and garnered a wide range of critical acclaim, which included a Peabody Award, the Television Critics Association's Program of the Year Award, a placement inside \"Time\"s 100 Best TV Shows of All-Time, and Emmy nominations for its writing, directing, costume design, visual effects, sound mixing, and sound editing, with Emmy wins for both visual effects and sound editing.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ \"Battlestar Galactica\" is set in a distant star system, where a civilization of humans lives on a group of planets known as the Twelve Colonies.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ In the past, the Colonies had been at war with an android race of their own creation, known as the Cylons.", "Charmed __knowledge__ Charmed is an American television series created by Constance M. Burge and produced by Aaron Spelling and his production company Spelling Television, with Brad Kern serving as showrunner.", "Charmed __knowledge__ The series was originally broadcast by The WB for eight seasons from October 7, 1998, until May 21, 2006.", "Charmed __knowledge__ The series narrative follows a trio of sisters, known as The Charmed Ones, the most powerful good witches of all time, who use their combined \"Power of Three\" to protect innocent lives from evil beings such as demons and warlocks.", "Charmed __knowledge__ Each sister possesses unique magical powers that grow and evolve, while they attempt to maintain normal lives in modern-day San Francisco.", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec, based on the popular book series of the same name written by L. J. Smith.", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ The series premiered on The CW on September 10, 2009, and concluded on March 10, 2017, airing 171 episodes over eight seasons.", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ The pilot episode attracted the largest audience for The CW of any series premiere since the network began in 2006.", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ The first season averaged 3.60 million viewers.", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ It was the most-watched series on the network before being supplanted by \"Arrow\".", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ The show has received numerous award nominations, winning four People's Choice Award and many Teen Choice Awards.", "Sci-Fi on the Rock __knowledge__ Sci-Fi on the Rock is an annual science fiction, fantasy and horror festival held in St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.", "Sci-Fi on the Rock __knowledge__ It was founded by Darren Hann and Melanie Collins in mid-to-late 2006, and held its first festival in 2007.", "Sci-Fi on the Rock __knowledge__ It began in 2007 at the Hotel Mount Pearl, moving on to be housed in the Holiday Inn in St. John's as of April 2008.", "Sci-Fi on the Rock __knowledge__ The convention made another move in 2016 to the Sheraton Hotel Newfoundland.", "Sci-Fi on the Rock __knowledge__ The festival has had a number a notable guests both from Newfoundland and beyond, including science-fiction author Kenneth Tam (\"Defense Command\", \"His Majesty's New World\"), comic-book artist Paul Tucker (\"The Underworld Railroad\", \"Google John Smith\"), actor Brian Downey (\"Lexx\", \"Millennium\"), actor Jeremy Bulloch (\"The Empire Strikes Back\", \"Octopussy\"), author William Meikle (\"The Midnight Eye\" series), horror author Matthew LeDrew (\"Black Womb\", \"Roulette\") and author Shannon Patrick Sullivan (\"The Dying Days\").", "Stargate SG-1 __knowledge__ Stargate SG-1 (often abbreviated as SG-1) is a military science fiction adventure television series and part of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's \"Stargate\" franchise.", "Stargate SG-1 __knowledge__ The show, created by Brad Wright and Jonathan Glassner, is based on the 1994 science fiction film \"Stargate\" by Dean Devlin and Roland Emmerich.", "Stargate SG-1 __knowledge__ The television series was filmed in and around the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.", "Stargate SG-1 __knowledge__ The series premiered on Showtime on July 27, 1997 and moved to the Sci Fi Channel on June 7, 2002; the final episode first aired on Sky1 on March 13, 2007.", "Stargate SG-1 __knowledge__ With 214 episodes over ten seasons, \"Stargate SG-1\" had surpassed \"The X-Files\" as the longest-running North American science fiction television series, until it was surpassed by the series \"Smallville\" in 2011.", "Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant __knowledge__ The Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant is a theme restaurant at Disney's Hollywood Studios, one of the four main theme parks at Walt Disney World in Bay Lake, Florida, United States.", "Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant __knowledge__ Established in May 1991, the restaurant is modeled after a 1950s drive-in theater.", "Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant __knowledge__ Walt Disney Imagineering designed the booths to resemble convertibles of the period, and some servers act as carhops while wearing roller skates.", "Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant __knowledge__ While eating, guests watch a large projection screen displaying film clips from such 1950s and 1960s films as \"Frankenstein Meets the Space Monster\", \"Plan 9 from Outer Space\", and \"Attack of the 50 Foot Woman\".", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ Mystery Science Theater 3000 (MST3K) is an American television comedy series created by Joel Hodgson and produced by Alternaversal Productions, LLC.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ The show premiered on KTMA (now WUCW) in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on November 24, 1988.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ It later aired on The Comedy Channel/Comedy Central for seven seasons until its cancellation in 1997.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ Thereafter, it was picked up by The Sci-Fi Channel and aired for three seasons until another cancellation in August 1999.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ A 60-episode syndication package titled \"The Mystery Science Theater Hour\" was produced in 1995.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ In 2015, Hodgson led a crowdfunded revival of the series with 14 episodes in its eleventh season, released on Netflix on April 14, 2017, with another season to follow in the near future.", "200 (Stargate SG-1) __knowledge__ \"200\" is the sixth episode of the science fiction television series \"Stargate SG-1\"s tenth season, and the 200th episode of the series overall.", "200 (Stargate SG-1) __knowledge__ Unlike the more serious nature of the season's story arc, \"200\" is a light-hearted parody of both \"Stargate SG-1\" and other sci-fi shows, as well as popular culture like \"The Wizard of Oz\".", "200 (Stargate SG-1) __knowledge__ \"200\" won the 2007 Constellation Award for \"Best Overall 2006 Science Fiction Film or Television Script\", and was nominated for the 2007 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form.", "200 (Stargate SG-1) __knowledge__ The episode also marks the first time original SG-1 member Jack O'Neill (Richard Dean Anderson) is seen since the beginning of Season 9.", "William Adama __knowledge__ William \"Bill\" Adama (callsign \"Husker\") is a fictional character portrayed by Edward James Olmos in the re-imagined \"Battlestar Galactica\" television series produced and aired by the SyFy cable network.", "William Adama __knowledge__ He is one of the main characters, a reimagining of Commander Adama from the 1978 \"Battlestar Galactica\" series played by Lorne Greene.", "William Adama __knowledge__ In the \"Caprica\" spinoff series, Markus Towfigh plays William \"Bill\" Adama as a young boy.", "William Adama __knowledge__ Adama was born on Caprica, the son of Joseph Adama (a civil liberties lawyer and previously a lawyer for the Ha'la'tha, the Tauron resistance movement turned mob) and Joseph's second wife, Evelyn Adama (an accountant).", "Sometimes a Great Notion (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ \"Sometimes a Great Notion\" is the eleventh episode in the fourth season of the reimagined \"Battlestar Galactica\".", "Sometimes a Great Notion (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ It aired on television on SCI FI and Space in the United States and Canada respectively on January 16, 2009 and on Sky One in the United Kingdom on January 20, 2009.", "Sometimes a Great Notion (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ This episode is the first after the mid-season finale of the fourth season (\"Revelations\"), which aired in June 2008.", "Sometimes a Great Notion (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ The episode title is a reference to the novel of the same name, written by Ken Kesey.", "Sometimes a Great Notion (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ The episode was also the last to be written before the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike.", "Sometimes a Great Notion (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ It received a Nielsen rating of 1.6 and was received positively throughout.", "Battlestar Galactica __knowledge__ Battlestar Galactica is an American science fiction media franchise created by Glen A. Larson.", "Battlestar Galactica __knowledge__ The franchise began with the original television series in 1978 and was followed by a short-run sequel series (\"Galactica 1980\"), a line of book adaptations, original novels, comic books, a board game, and video games.", "Battlestar Galactica __knowledge__ A re-imagined version of \"Battlestar Galactica\" aired as a two-part, three-hour miniseries developed by Ronald D. Moore and David Eick in 2003.", "Battlestar Galactica __knowledge__ That miniseries led to a weekly television series, which aired until 2009.", "Battlestar Galactica __knowledge__ A prequel series, \"Caprica\", aired in 2010.", "Battlestar Galactica __knowledge__ All \"Battlestar Galactica\" productions share the premise that in a distant part of the universe, a human civilization has extended to a group of planets known as the Twelve Colonies, to which they have migrated from their ancestral homeworld of Kobol.", "Music of Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The music of the 2004 TV series \"Battlestar Galactica\" is a body of work largely credited to the composers Bear McCreary and Richard Gibbs.", "Music of Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The music of \"Battlestar Galactica\" displays a variety of ethnic influences and generally does not conform to the \"orchestral\" style of many science fiction scores.", "Music of Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The music of \"Battlestar Galactica\" makes use of the technique called \"leitmotif\".", "Music of Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ A leitmotif is a phrase or melodic cell that signifies a character, place, plot element, mood, idea, relationship or other specific part of the story.", "Music of Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ It is commonly used in modern film scoring as a device to mentally anchor certain parts of a film to the soundtrack.", "Daybreak (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ \"Daybreak\" is the three-part series finale of the reimagined science fiction television series \"Battlestar Galactica\", and are the 74th (labeled \"Daybreak, Part 1\" on the DVD) and 75th (labeled \"Daybreak, Parts 2 & 3\" on the DVD) episodes overall.", "Daybreak (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ The episodes aired on the U.S. Sci Fi Channel and SPACE in Canada respectively on March 13 and March 20, 2009.", "Daybreak (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ The second part (\"Daybreak, Parts 2 & 3\") is double-length.", "Daybreak (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ The episodes were written by Ronald D. Moore, and directed by Michael Rymer.", "Daybreak (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ The Season 4.5 DVD and Blu-ray releases for Region 1 feature an extended version of the finale, which not only combines all three parts as a single episode, but also integrates it with new scenes not seen in the aired version of either part.", "List of spacecraft in Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ There have been many appearances of various spacecraft in the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica science fiction television series, with the primary means of travel being FTL.", "List of spacecraft in Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ A ship in the refugee fleet.", "List of spacecraft in Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ Named after Adrasteia, in Greek Mythology, was a nymph who was charged by Rhea to raise the infant Zeus in secret to protect him from his father Cronus.", "List of spacecraft in Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The \"Adriatic\" is one of the few civilian ships in the refugee fleet equipped with weapons.", "List of spacecraft in Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The ship was armed with at least a battery of ship-to-ship missiles; the reason for its armament was to protect the fleet while the Galactica was off on missions (such as the attack on the tylium asteroid)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ Battlestar Galactica (BSG) is an American military science fiction television series, and part of the \"Battlestar Galactica\" franchise.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The show was developed by Ronald D. Moore and executive produced by Moore and David Eick as a re-imagining of the 1978 \"Battlestar Galactica\" television series created by Glen A. Larson.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The series first aired as a three-hour miniseries (comprising four broadcast hours) in December 2003 on the Sci-Fi Channel, and ran for four seasons thereafter, ending its run on March 20, 2009.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The series features Edward James Olmos and Mary McDonnell, and garnered a wide range of critical acclaim, which included a Peabody Award, the Television Critics Association's Program of the Year Award, a placement inside \"Time\"s 100 Best TV Shows of All-Time, and Emmy nominations for its writing, directing, costume design, visual effects, sound mixing, and sound editing, with Emmy wins for both visual effects and sound editing.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ \"Battlestar Galactica\" is set in a distant star system, where a civilization of humans lives on a group of planets known as the Twelve Colonies.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ In the past, the Colonies had been at war with an android race of their own creation, known as the Cylons.", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec, based on the popular book series of the same name written by L. J. Smith.", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ The series premiered on The CW on September 10, 2009, and concluded on March 10, 2017, airing 171 episodes over eight seasons.", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ The pilot episode attracted the largest audience for The CW of any series premiere since the network began in 2006.", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ The first season averaged 3.60 million viewers.", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ It was the most-watched series on the network before being supplanted by \"Arrow\".", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ The show has received numerous award nominations, winning four People's Choice Award and many Teen Choice Awards.", "List of Twilight characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters in the \"Twilight\" novel series by Stephenie Meyer, comprising the books; \"Twilight\", \"New Moon\", \"Eclipse\" and \"Breaking Dawn\", as well as \"The Twilight Saga\" film series adaptations.", "List of Twilight characters __knowledge__ Isabella Marie \"Bella\" Swan (later Bella Cullen) is the fictional protagonist of the \"Twilight\" series, written by Stephenie Meyer.", "List of Twilight characters __knowledge__ The \"Twilight\" series is primarily narrated from Bella's point of view.", "List of Twilight characters __knowledge__ In \"Twilight\", Bella moves to her father's home in Forks, Washington, meets the mysterious Cullen family, and falls in love with Edward Cullen.", "List of Twilight characters __knowledge__ However, she soon discovers that the family is a coven of vampires.", "Vampire __knowledge__ A vampire is a being from folklore that subsists by feeding on the life essence (generally in the form of blood) of the living.", "Vampire __knowledge__ In European folklore, vampires were undead beings that often visited loved ones and caused mischief or deaths in the neighbourhoods they inhabited when they were alive.", "Vampire __knowledge__ They wore shrouds and were often described as bloated and of ruddy or dark countenance, markedly different from today's gaunt, pale vampire which dates from the early 19th century.", "Vampire __knowledge__ Vampiric entities have been recorded in most cultures; the term \"vampire\", previously an arcane subject, was popularised in the West in the early 19th century, after an influx of vampire superstition into Western Europe from areas where vampire legends were frequent, such as the Balkans and Eastern Europe; local variants were also known by different names, such as \"shtriga\" in Albania, \"vrykolakas\" in Greece and \"strigoi\" in Romania.", "Elena Gilbert __knowledge__ Elena Gilbert is a fictional character and protagonist in the novel series \"The Vampire Diaries\".", "Elena Gilbert __knowledge__ In \"The Vampire Diaries\", set in the fictional town of Mystic Falls, she is portrayed by Nina Dobrev.", "Elena Gilbert __knowledge__ In the books, Elena was blonde, popular, selfish and a \"mean girl\".", "Elena Gilbert __knowledge__ However the show's producers, Julie Plec and Kevin Williamson, felt that it wasn't the direction they wanted to go with their heroine in \"The Vampire Diaries\" television series.", "Elena Gilbert __knowledge__ Instead, she became a nicer, relatable and more of \"the girl next door\" type, until her life gets flipped upside down when she meets the Salvatores.", "Elena Gilbert __knowledge__ In April 2015, Nina Dobrev announced that she would be departing the series after the sixth season finale.", "Vampire literature __knowledge__ Vampire literature covers the spectrum of literary work concerned principally with the subject of vampires.", "Vampire literature __knowledge__ The literary vampire first appeared in 18th-century poetry, before becoming one of the stock figures of gothic fiction with the publication of Polidori's \"The Vampyre\" (1819), which was inspired by the life and legend of Lord Byron.", "Vampire literature __knowledge__ Later influential works include the penny dreadful \"Varney the Vampire\" (1847); Sheridan Le Fanu's tale of a lesbian vampire, \"Carmilla\" (1872) and the masterpiece of the genre: Bram Stoker's \"Dracula\" (1897).", "Vampire literature __knowledge__ Some authors created a more \"sympathetic vampire\", with \"Varney\" being the first example, and in 1986 by Anne Rice in \"Interview with the Vampire\".", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ \"The Originals\" is an American fantasy-drama television series picked up by The CW for their fall 2013 schedule, after a backdoor pilot for the series aired as an episode of The CW television series \"The Vampire Diaries\" in April 2013.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ It is a spin-off of \"The Vampire Diaries\", sharing a universe with its predecessor.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ It centers on three Mikaelson siblings, Klaus (Joseph Morgan), Elijah (Daniel Gillies), and Rebekah (Claire Holt), collectively known as \"original vampires\", or simply the \"originals\".", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ \"The Originals\" is set in the city of New Orleans.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ It was created by Julie Plec.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of series regulars who have appeared in one or more of the series' four seasons.", "Stefan Salvatore __knowledge__ Stefan Salvatore is a fictional character from L. J. Smith's novel series \"The Vampire Diaries\".", "Stefan Salvatore __knowledge__ He is portrayed by Paul Wesley in the television series of the same name.", "Stefan Salvatore __knowledge__ Born on November 5, 1846, Stefan was turned into a vampire in 1864, at the age of 17, by Katherine Pierce, with his brother Damon Salvatore.", "Stefan Salvatore __knowledge__ On March 27, 2009, \"The Hollywood Reporter\" announced that Paul Wesley had joined the cast of \"The Vampire Diaries\" as Stefan.", "Stefan Salvatore __knowledge__ He was the last main cast member whose casting was announced.", "Stefan Salvatore __knowledge__ Wesley has become popular with viewers.", "Stefan Salvatore __knowledge__ Carina MacKenzie of the \"Los Angeles Times\" noted that he spent \"10 years as a successful but under-the-radar TV actor\" but shortly after the show premiered, he was \"everywhere\".", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ \"The Vampire Diaries\" is an American fantasy-drama television series which was first broadcast on The CW from 2009 to 2017, airing 171 episodes over 8 seasons.", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec adapted the TV series from L.J.", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ Smith's novel series of the same name.", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ Some of the characters appeared in the spin-off series, \"The Originals\".", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ The series is set in the fictional town of Mystic Falls, Virginia.", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ The focal points of the show are a love triangle – involving Elena Gilbert and vampire brothers Stefan and Damon Salvatore – and the town's supernatural history, involving Elena's friends and relatives.", "The Vampire Diaries (season 1) __knowledge__ \"The Vampire Diaries\" is an American supernatural horror romance television series created by Kevin Williamson based on the novels of the same name by author L. J. Smith.", "The Vampire Diaries (season 1) __knowledge__ It was officially picked up for the 2009–10 season on May 19, 2009.", "The Vampire Diaries (season 1) __knowledge__ It premiered on September 10, 2009, on The CW and received the highest ratings for a series premiere in the networks history scoring 4.91 million live viewers.", "The Vampire Diaries (season 1) __knowledge__ The series focuses on the fictional town of Mystic Falls, Virginia, that is charged with supernatural history.", "The Vampire Diaries (season 1) __knowledge__ It follows Elena Gilbert portrayed by Nina Dobrev as she begins to get over her parents' death and two vampire brothers, Stefan and Damon Salvatore, portrayed by Paul Wesley and Ian Somerhalder, respectively.", "Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries) __knowledge__ The Original vampires, in the universe of \"The Vampire Diaries\" and \"The Originals\", are a family of vampires from which all current vampires descend, as well as being the most powerful and indestructible of their kind.", "Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries) __knowledge__ Hayley Marshall, (born Andrea Lebonair) Is the mother of Niklaus' daughter, Hope.", "Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries) __knowledge__ In Autumn 1001 AD, after the death of her youngest son Henrik at the hands of werewolves, the powerful witch Esther performed an occult blood ritual in order to protect her five remaining children—(Finn, Elijah, Niklaus, Kol, and Rebekah)—and her husband, Mikael.", "Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries) __knowledge__ The ritual transformed her family into the first vampires.", "List of awards and nominations received by The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ \"The Vampire Diaries\" is an American supernatural drama television series that premiered on The CW on September 10, 2009, and concluded on March 10, 2017 after airing eight seasons.", "List of awards and nominations received by The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ Screenwriters Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec adapted the show from L. J. Smith's novel series of the same name.", "List of awards and nominations received by The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ The series takes place in Mystic Falls, Virginia, a fictional small town haunted by supernatural beings.", "List of awards and nominations received by The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ It centers on the love triangle between the protagonist Elena Gilbert (Nina Dobrev) and vampire-brothers Stefan Salvatore (Paul Wesley) and Damon Salvatore (Ian Somerhalder).", "List of awards and nominations received by The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ As the narrative develops in the course of the show, the focal point shifts on the mysterious past of the town involving Elena's malevolent doppelgänger Katherine Pierce (Dobrev) and the family of Original Vampires, all of whom have an evil agenda of their own." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ Battlestar Galactica (BSG) is an American military science fiction television series, and part of the \"Battlestar Galactica\" franchise.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The show was developed by Ronald D. Moore and executive produced by Moore and David Eick as a re-imagining of the 1978 \"Battlestar Galactica\" television series created by Glen A. Larson.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The series first aired as a three-hour miniseries (comprising four broadcast hours) in December 2003 on the Sci-Fi Channel, and ran for four seasons thereafter, ending its run on March 20, 2009.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The series features Edward James Olmos and Mary McDonnell, and garnered a wide range of critical acclaim, which included a Peabody Award, the Television Critics Association's Program of the Year Award, a placement inside \"Time\"s 100 Best TV Shows of All-Time, and Emmy nominations for its writing, directing, costume design, visual effects, sound mixing, and sound editing, with Emmy wins for both visual effects and sound editing.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ \"Battlestar Galactica\" is set in a distant star system, where a civilization of humans lives on a group of planets known as the Twelve Colonies.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ In the past, the Colonies had been at war with an android race of their own creation, known as the Cylons.", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec, based on the popular book series of the same name written by L. J. Smith.", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ The series premiered on The CW on September 10, 2009, and concluded on March 10, 2017, airing 171 episodes over eight seasons.", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ The pilot episode attracted the largest audience for The CW of any series premiere since the network began in 2006.", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ The first season averaged 3.60 million viewers.", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ It was the most-watched series on the network before being supplanted by \"Arrow\".", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ The show has received numerous award nominations, winning four People's Choice Award and many Teen Choice Awards.", "Elena Gilbert __knowledge__ Elena Gilbert is a fictional character and protagonist in the novel series \"The Vampire Diaries\".", "Elena Gilbert __knowledge__ In \"The Vampire Diaries\", set in the fictional town of Mystic Falls, she is portrayed by Nina Dobrev.", "Elena Gilbert __knowledge__ In the books, Elena was blonde, popular, selfish and a \"mean girl\".", "Elena Gilbert __knowledge__ However the show's producers, Julie Plec and Kevin Williamson, felt that it wasn't the direction they wanted to go with their heroine in \"The Vampire Diaries\" television series.", "Elena Gilbert __knowledge__ Instead, she became a nicer, relatable and more of \"the girl next door\" type, until her life gets flipped upside down when she meets the Salvatores.", "Elena Gilbert __knowledge__ In April 2015, Nina Dobrev announced that she would be departing the series after the sixth season finale.", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ \"The Vampire Diaries\" is an American fantasy-drama television series which was first broadcast on The CW from 2009 to 2017, airing 171 episodes over 8 seasons.", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec adapted the TV series from L.J.", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ Smith's novel series of the same name.", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ Some of the characters appeared in the spin-off series, \"The Originals\".", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ The series is set in the fictional town of Mystic Falls, Virginia.", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ The focal points of the show are a love triangle – involving Elena Gilbert and vampire brothers Stefan and Damon Salvatore – and the town's supernatural history, involving Elena's friends and relatives.", "Stefan Salvatore __knowledge__ Stefan Salvatore is a fictional character from L. J. Smith's novel series \"The Vampire Diaries\".", "Stefan Salvatore __knowledge__ He is portrayed by Paul Wesley in the television series of the same name.", "Stefan Salvatore __knowledge__ Born on November 5, 1846, Stefan was turned into a vampire in 1864, at the age of 17, by Katherine Pierce, with his brother Damon Salvatore.", "Stefan Salvatore __knowledge__ On March 27, 2009, \"The Hollywood Reporter\" announced that Paul Wesley had joined the cast of \"The Vampire Diaries\" as Stefan.", "Stefan Salvatore __knowledge__ He was the last main cast member whose casting was announced.", "Stefan Salvatore __knowledge__ Wesley has become popular with viewers.", "Stefan Salvatore __knowledge__ Carina MacKenzie of the \"Los Angeles Times\" noted that he spent \"10 years as a successful but under-the-radar TV actor\" but shortly after the show premiered, he was \"everywhere\".", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ \"The Originals\" is an American fantasy-drama television series picked up by The CW for their fall 2013 schedule, after a backdoor pilot for the series aired as an episode of The CW television series \"The Vampire Diaries\" in April 2013.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ It is a spin-off of \"The Vampire Diaries\", sharing a universe with its predecessor.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ It centers on three Mikaelson siblings, Klaus (Joseph Morgan), Elijah (Daniel Gillies), and Rebekah (Claire Holt), collectively known as \"original vampires\", or simply the \"originals\".", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ \"The Originals\" is set in the city of New Orleans.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ It was created by Julie Plec.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of series regulars who have appeared in one or more of the series' four seasons.", "Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries) __knowledge__ The Original vampires, in the universe of \"The Vampire Diaries\" and \"The Originals\", are a family of vampires from which all current vampires descend, as well as being the most powerful and indestructible of their kind.", "Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries) __knowledge__ Hayley Marshall, (born Andrea Lebonair) Is the mother of Niklaus' daughter, Hope.", "Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries) __knowledge__ In Autumn 1001 AD, after the death of her youngest son Henrik at the hands of werewolves, the powerful witch Esther performed an occult blood ritual in order to protect her five remaining children—(Finn, Elijah, Niklaus, Kol, and Rebekah)—and her husband, Mikael.", "Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries) __knowledge__ The ritual transformed her family into the first vampires.", "The Vampire Diaries (season 2) __knowledge__ The Vampire Diaries, a 40 minute American supernatural drama, was officially renewed by The CW for a full 22-episode season on February 16, 2010.", "The Vampire Diaries (season 2) __knowledge__ The first episode premiered on September 9, 2010, at 8 p.m.", "The Vampire Diaries (season 2) __knowledge__ ET.", "The Vampire Diaries (season 2) __knowledge__ The season picks up immediately after the events of the season one finale.", "The Vampire Diaries (season 2) __knowledge__ All the series regulars returned.", "The Vampire Diaries (season 2) __knowledge__ Season two focuses on the return of Elena Gilbert's (Nina Dobrev) doppelgänger, Katherine Pierce, the introduction of werewolves, the sun and moon curse, and the arrival of the original vampires.", "The Vampire Diaries (season 2) __knowledge__ Tyler Lockwood's (Michael Trevino) uncle, Mason Lockwood (Taylor Kinney), arrives in town searching for the moonstone, a family heirloom.", "Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ Clinton Eastwood Jr. (born May 31, 1930) is an American actor, filmmaker, musician, and political figure.", "Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ After achieving success in the Western TV series \"Rawhide\", he rose to international fame with his role as the Man with No Name in Sergio Leone's \"Dollars\" Trilogy of Spaghetti Westerns during the 1960s, and as antihero cop Harry Callahan in the five \"Dirty Harry\" films throughout the 1970s and 1980s.", "Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ These roles, among others, have made Eastwood an enduring cultural icon of masculinity.", "Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ For his work in the Western film \"Unforgiven\" (1992) and the sports drama \"Million Dollar Baby\" (2004), Eastwood won Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture, as well as receiving nominations for Best Actor.", "Saneatsu Mushanokōji __knowledge__ Born in Kōjimachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo Saneatsu was the eighth son of Viscount Mushanokōji Saneyo, who died when Saneatsu was age two.", "Saneatsu Mushanokōji __knowledge__ Raised mostly by his mother.", "Saneatsu Mushanokōji __knowledge__ Saneatsu was a frail and sickly youth, unable to compete in the physical activities at the Gakushūin Peers' School.", "Saneatsu Mushanokōji __knowledge__ To compensate, he developed his debating skills and developed an interest in literature.", "Saneatsu Mushanokōji __knowledge__ During his time at this school he became friends with Naoya Shiga, and was introduced by his uncle to the Bible and the works of Tolstoy.", "Saneatsu Mushanokōji __knowledge__ Saneatsu enrolled in the sociology department of Tokyo Imperial University, but left without graduating in 1907 to form a literary group with Kinoshita Rigen, Shiga Naoya, Arishima Takeo, and Ogimachi Kinkazu ().", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 __knowledge__ The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 (commonly referred to as Breaking Dawn: Part 1) is a 2011 American romantic fantasy film directed by Bill Condon and based on the novel \"Breaking Dawn\" by Stephenie Meyer.", "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 __knowledge__ The first part of a two-part film forms the fourth and penultimate installment in \"The Twilight Saga\" film series, and is the beginning of the 2012 film \"\".", "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 __knowledge__ All three main cast members, Kristen Stewart, Robert Pattinson, and Taylor Lautner, reprised their roles.", "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 __knowledge__ Wyck Godfrey and Karen Rosenfelt served as producers of the film, along with the author of the series, Stephenie Meyer; the screenplay was written by Melissa Rosenberg, the screenwriter of the first three entries.", "Deadpool (film) __knowledge__ Deadpool is a 2016 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, distributed by 20th Century Fox.", "Deadpool (film) __knowledge__ It is the eighth installment of the \"X-Men\" film series.", "Deadpool (film) __knowledge__ The film was directed by Tim Miller from a screenplay by Rhett Reese and Paul Wernick, and stars Ryan Reynolds in the title role alongside Morena Baccarin, Ed Skrein, T.J. Miller, Gina Carano, Leslie Uggams, Brianna Hildebrand, and Stefan Kapičić.", "Deadpool (film) __knowledge__ In \"Deadpool\", Wade Wilson hunts the man who gave him mutant abilities, but also a scarred physical appearance, as the antihero Deadpool.", "Deadpool (film) __knowledge__ Development of a Deadpool film starring Reynolds began in February 2004, before he went on to play the character in \"\" in 2009.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan." ] ]

[ 2, 4, 11, 12, 38 ]

[ "It is actually my favorite all time sci-fi series. Ronald D. Moore produced it who also produced Star Trek: Deep Space Nine.", "Who is your favorite character in Battlestar? There are so many good ones but Admiral Adama is my favorite who was played by Edward James Olmos.", "I do like The Vampire Diaries. It is more supernatural I suppose though.", "Yes it won four People's Choice awards. Twilight was a pretty good series of movies as well.", "Yes I thought it was neat how they explained the Original vampires, and how all the other vampires come from them. I thought it was well done." ]

[ "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)" ]

[ "Autograph", "That is interesting whos signatures do you have", "Wow that is really neat. I don't have anything cool like that", "Interesting I didn't know that collecting signatures had a special name. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Autograph __knowledge__ Autograph is a famous person's artistic signature.", "Autograph __knowledge__ This term is used in particular for the practice of collecting autographs of celebrities.", "Autograph __knowledge__ The hobby of collecting autographs is known as philography.", "Autograph __knowledge__ What might be considered the oldest \"autograph\" is a Sumerian clay table from about 3100 BC which includes the name of the scribe Gar.Ama.", "Autograph __knowledge__ No ancient written autographs have been found, and the earliest one known for a major historical figure is that of El Cid from 1098.", "Autograph __knowledge__ Autograph also refers to a document transcribed entirely in the handwriting of its author, as opposed to a typeset document or one written by an amanuensis or a copyist; the meaning overlaps with that of the word holograph.", "Autograph __knowledge__ The word comes from Ancient Greek , \"autós\", \"self\" and , \"gráphō\", \"write\".", "Autograph __knowledge__ Some of the most popular categories of autograph subjects are presidents, military soldiers, athletes, movie stars, artists, social and religious leaders, scientists, astronauts and authors.", "Autograph __knowledge__ Some collectors may specialize in specific fields (such as Nobel Prize winners) or general topics (military leaders participating in World War I) or specific documents (i.e., signers of the Charter of the United Nations; signers of the U.S. Constitution; signers of the Israeli Declaration of Independence; signers of the Charter of the European Common Union; signers of the World War II German or Japanese surrender documents)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Autograph __knowledge__ Autograph is a famous person's artistic signature.", "Autograph __knowledge__ This term is used in particular for the practice of collecting autographs of celebrities.", "Autograph __knowledge__ The hobby of collecting autographs is known as philography.", "Autograph __knowledge__ What might be considered the oldest \"autograph\" is a Sumerian clay table from about 3100 BC which includes the name of the scribe Gar.Ama.", "Autograph __knowledge__ No ancient written autographs have been found, and the earliest one known for a major historical figure is that of El Cid from 1098.", "Autograph __knowledge__ Autograph also refers to a document transcribed entirely in the handwriting of its author, as opposed to a typeset document or one written by an amanuensis or a copyist; the meaning overlaps with that of the word holograph.", "Autograph __knowledge__ The word comes from Ancient Greek , \"autós\", \"self\" and , \"gráphō\", \"write\".", "Autograph __knowledge__ Some of the most popular categories of autograph subjects are presidents, military soldiers, athletes, movie stars, artists, social and religious leaders, scientists, astronauts and authors.", "Autograph __knowledge__ Some collectors may specialize in specific fields (such as Nobel Prize winners) or general topics (military leaders participating in World War I) or specific documents (i.e., signers of the Charter of the United Nations; signers of the U.S. Constitution; signers of the Israeli Declaration of Independence; signers of the Charter of the European Common Union; signers of the World War II German or Japanese surrender documents).", "WHOS __knowledge__ WHOS (800 AM, \"The Big Talker\") is a radio station licensed to serve Decatur, Alabama, USA.", "WHOS __knowledge__ The station is currently owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. and the broadcast license is held by Capstar TX Limited Partnership.", "WHOS __knowledge__ WHOS is one of five stations in the Huntsville, Alabama, market owned by iHeartMedia, Inc..", "WHOS __knowledge__ The station is also simulcast on WBHP at 1230 AM in Huntsville, a 106.5 FM broadcast translator in Huntsville, and on WQRV-HD2 (HD Radio).", "WHOS __knowledge__ WHOS broadcasts a news/talk format that serves northwest Alabama and south-central Tennessee.", "WHOS __knowledge__ The station's current programming is a simulcast of Huntsville, Alabama, sister station WBHP (1230 AM), \"The Valley's Big Talker.\"", "Seussical __knowledge__ Seussical is a musical by Lynn Ahrens and Stephen Flaherty based on the stories of Dr. Seuss (mainly \"Horton Hears a Who!", "Seussical __knowledge__ \", \"Horton Hatches the Egg\" and \"Miss Gertrude McFuzz\") that debuted on Broadway in 2000.", "Seussical __knowledge__ The play's story is a complex amalgamation of many of Seuss's most famous books.", "Seussical __knowledge__ After a Broadway run, the production spawned two US national tours and a UK tour.", "Seussical __knowledge__ It has become a beloved classic for schools, communities, and regional theatres.", "Seussical __knowledge__ In a reading in New York City, Eric Idle played the Cat in the Hat, and was credited at the time for contributions to the story line.", "Seussical __knowledge__ In the Toronto workshop in 1999, coordinated by Livent Inc., Andrea Martin played the Cat in the Hat.", "How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 film) __knowledge__ How the Grinch Stole Christmas (or Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas; also promoted theatrically as The Grinch) is a 2000 American Christmas comedy film directed by Ron Howard and written by Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman based on the 1957 story of the same name by Dr. Seuss.", "How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 film) __knowledge__ The film was released by Universal Pictures on November 17, 2000.", "How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 film) __knowledge__ It was the first Dr. Seuss book to be adapted into a full-length feature film.", "How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 film) __knowledge__ Because the film is based on a children's picture book, many additions were made to the storyline to bring it up to feature-length, including some information about the backstory of the title character and reworking the story's minor character Cindy Lou Who as a main character.", "Horton Hears a Who! (TV special) __knowledge__ Horton Hears a Who!", "Horton Hears a Who! (TV special) __knowledge__ is a 1970 television special based on the Dr. Seuss book of the same name, \"Horton Hears a Who!\".", "Horton Hears a Who! (TV special) __knowledge__ It was produced and directed by Chuck Jones – who previously produced the Seuss special \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas!\"", "Horton Hears a Who! (TV special) __knowledge__ – for MGM Television and first broadcast March 19, 1970 on CBS.", "Horton Hears a Who! (TV special) __knowledge__ The special contains songs with lyrics by Seuss and music by Eugene Poddany, who previously wrote songs for Seuss' book, \"The Cat in the Hat Song Book\".", "Horton Hears a Who! (TV special) __knowledge__ In the Jungle of Nool, Horton the elephant bathes in the watering hole when he sees a small dust speck floating by.", "Horton Hears a Who! (TV special) __knowledge__ He hears a call for help coming from the dust speck and, thinking someone is living on it, saves it from going over a waterfall.", "How the Grinch Stole Christmas! __knowledge__ How the Grinch Stole Christmas!", "How the Grinch Stole Christmas! __knowledge__ is a children's story by Theodor \"Dr. Seuss\" Geisel written in rhymed verse with illustrations by the author.", "How the Grinch Stole Christmas! __knowledge__ It follows the Grinch, a grouchy, solitary creature who attempts to put an end to Christmas by stealing Christmas-themed items from the homes of the nearby town Whoville on Christmas Eve.", "How the Grinch Stole Christmas! __knowledge__ Despite his efforts, Whoville's inhabitants still celebrate the holiday, so the Grinch returns everything that he stole and is the guest of honor at the Whos' Christmas dinner.", "How the Grinch Stole Christmas! __knowledge__ The story was published as a book by Random House in 1957, and at approximately the same time in an issue of \"Redbook\".", "Whoville __knowledge__ Whoville is a fictional town created by author Theodor Seuss Geisel, under the name Dr. Seuss.", "Whoville __knowledge__ Whoville appeared in the books \"Horton Hears a Who!\"", "Whoville __knowledge__ and \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas!\"", "Whoville __knowledge__ However, there were significant differences between the two renditions.", "Whoville __knowledge__ The exact location of Whoville seems to vary depending on which book or media is being referenced.", "Whoville __knowledge__ According to the book \"Horton Hears a Who!", "Whoville __knowledge__ \", the city of Whoville is located within a floating speck of dust which is then placed onto a clover flower by Horton the Elephant.", "Whoville __knowledge__ In the book \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas!", "Whoville __knowledge__ \", the location of Whoville is never mentioned.", "How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (TV special) __knowledge__ How the Grinch Stole Christmas!", "How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (TV special) __knowledge__ (full title: Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas!)", "How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (TV special) __knowledge__ is a 1966 Christmas animated television special directed and co-produced by Chuck Jones.", "How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (TV special) __knowledge__ It is based on the eponymous children's book by Dr. Seuss, the story of the Grinch trying to take away Christmas from the townsfolk of Whoville below his mountain hideaway.", "How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (TV special) __knowledge__ Originally telecast in the United States on CBS on December 18, 1966, it went on to become a perennial holiday special.", "How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (TV special) __knowledge__ The special also features the voice of Boris Karloff as the Grinch and the narrator.", "How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (TV special) __knowledge__ The Grinch (voiced by Boris Karloff) is the film's main character.", "California gubernatorial recall election __knowledge__ The 2003 California gubernatorial recall election was a special election permitted under California state law.", "California gubernatorial recall election __knowledge__ It resulted in voters replacing incumbent Democratic Governor Gray Davis with Republican Arnold Schwarzenegger.", "California gubernatorial recall election __knowledge__ Davis was ineligible to run for a third term due to term limits after the recall election.", "California gubernatorial recall election __knowledge__ The recall effort spanned the latter half of 2003.", "California gubernatorial recall election __knowledge__ Other California governors, including Pat Brown, Ronald Reagan, Jerry Brown, and Pete Wilson, had faced unsuccessful recall attempts.", "California gubernatorial recall election __knowledge__ After several legal and procedural efforts failed to stop it, California's first-ever gubernatorial recall election was held on October 7, and the results were certified on November 14, 2003, making Davis the first governor recalled in the history of California, and just the second in U.S. history (the first was North Dakota's 1921 recall of Lynn Frazier).", "Czech presidential election, 2018 __knowledge__ Presidential elections were held in the Czech Republic in January 2018.", "Czech presidential election, 2018 __knowledge__ The first round took place on 12 and 13 January.", "Czech presidential election, 2018 __knowledge__ As no candidate won a majority, a run-off election between the top two candidates, Jiří Drahoš and President Miloš Zeman, was held on 26 and 27 January 2018.", "Czech presidential election, 2018 __knowledge__ In the first round voters chose between nine candidates who qualified for the election either by gathering 50,000 signatures from the public, 10 signatures from Senators or 20 signatures from members of the Chamber of Deputies (MPs).", "Czech presidential election, 2018 __knowledge__ Incumbent president Miloš Zeman, running for re-election to his second and last term, finished first with 38.57%, followed by former President of the Czech Academy of Sciences Jiří Drahoš, who received 26.60%.", "Russian presidential election, 2018 __knowledge__ The 2018 Russian presidential election will take place on 18 March 2018.", "Russian presidential election, 2018 __knowledge__ The first round will be held on Sunday 18 March 2018.", "Russian presidential election, 2018 __knowledge__ If in the first round no candidate attains an absolute majority of the votes (more than half), then according to the law, a second round will take place exactly three weeks later, on 8 April 2018.", "Russian presidential election, 2018 __knowledge__ On 6 December 2017, the incumbent, President Vladimir Putin, announced that he will seek re-election for a second consecutive term and fourth term overall.", "Russian presidential election, 2018 __knowledge__ Putin is widely expected to win, and has consistently scored higher than 40%, and often much higher, in opinion polls since the last presidential election.", "Putin Must Go __knowledge__ \"Putin Must Go\" () is a Russian website and public campaign organised for the collection of signatures to an open letter demanding the resignation of President (formerly Prime Minister) Vladimir Putin.", "Putin Must Go __knowledge__ The campaign was started on the Internet on 10 March 2010 by Russian opposition activists and several Russian artists.", "Putin Must Go __knowledge__ The text of the petition, addressed to the \"citizens of Russia\", contains a sharply negative assessment of Vladimir Putin's activity.", "Putin Must Go __knowledge__ It says in part: The petition lists Putin's failed reforms (\"everything that could be ruined has been ruined\") and alleged crimes, such as the Second Chechen War and the Russian apartment bombings.", "Czech presidential election, 2013 __knowledge__ The first direct presidential election in the Czech Republic was held on 11–12 January 2013.", "Czech presidential election, 2013 __knowledge__ No candidate received a majority of the votes in the first round, so a second round runoff election was held on 25–26 January.", "Czech presidential election, 2013 __knowledge__ Nine individuals secured enough popular signatures or support of parliamentarians to become official candidates for the office.", "Czech presidential election, 2013 __knowledge__ Miloš Zeman (SPOZ) and Karel Schwarzenberg (TOP 09) qualified for the second round of the election.", "Czech presidential election, 2013 __knowledge__ On 26 January 2013, Miloš Zeman won the second round of the election and was elected the next president of the Czech Republic.", "Czech presidential election, 2013 __knowledge__ He won 54.8% of the second-round vote, compared to Schwarzenberg's 45.2%.", "Tell the Truth (Belarus) __knowledge__ Tell the Truth!", "Tell the Truth (Belarus) __knowledge__ (, \"Havary Praŭdu\") is a campaign in Belarus, which was started on 25 February 2010 by educational and research institution \"Movement Forward\" and is supported by some social public figures.", "Tell the Truth (Belarus) __knowledge__ Belarusian poet Uladzimir Niaklajeu is the founder and leader of the campaign.", "Tell the Truth (Belarus) __knowledge__ For a long time the objective of the campaign was to collect and distribute true information about the situation in the society and state and only 6 month after Niaklajeu declared about the true objective of the campaign – victory in the coming presidential elections.", "Tell the Truth (Belarus) __knowledge__ In May 2010 dozens of activists of the campaign were subjected to persecution by Belarusian authorities.", "Wisconsin gubernatorial recall election __knowledge__ The 2012 Wisconsin gubernatorial election were recall elections to elect the governor and lieutenant governor of Wisconsin.", "Wisconsin gubernatorial recall election __knowledge__ It resulted in voters re-electing incumbent Republican Governor Scott Walker over the Democratic candidate Tom Barrett by a larger margin than he had in 2010, in which Walker had also faced Barrett.", "Wisconsin gubernatorial recall election __knowledge__ Recall organizers opposed Walker's agenda, particularly his limiting of collective bargaining privileges for state employees and they collected over 900,000 signatures to initiate the recall election process.", "Wisconsin gubernatorial recall election __knowledge__ There was also a recall for Lieutenant Governor Rebecca Kleefisch.", "Wisconsin gubernatorial recall election __knowledge__ She won her race, defeating Democrat Mahlon Mitchell, making her the first lieutenant governor to run in and survive a recall." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Autograph __knowledge__ Autograph is a famous person's artistic signature.", "Autograph __knowledge__ This term is used in particular for the practice of collecting autographs of celebrities.", "Autograph __knowledge__ The hobby of collecting autographs is known as philography.", "Autograph __knowledge__ What might be considered the oldest \"autograph\" is a Sumerian clay table from about 3100 BC which includes the name of the scribe Gar.Ama.", "Autograph __knowledge__ No ancient written autographs have been found, and the earliest one known for a major historical figure is that of El Cid from 1098.", "Autograph __knowledge__ Autograph also refers to a document transcribed entirely in the handwriting of its author, as opposed to a typeset document or one written by an amanuensis or a copyist; the meaning overlaps with that of the word holograph.", "Autograph __knowledge__ The word comes from Ancient Greek , \"autós\", \"self\" and , \"gráphō\", \"write\".", "Autograph __knowledge__ Some of the most popular categories of autograph subjects are presidents, military soldiers, athletes, movie stars, artists, social and religious leaders, scientists, astronauts and authors.", "Autograph __knowledge__ Some collectors may specialize in specific fields (such as Nobel Prize winners) or general topics (military leaders participating in World War I) or specific documents (i.e., signers of the Charter of the United Nations; signers of the U.S. Constitution; signers of the Israeli Declaration of Independence; signers of the Charter of the European Common Union; signers of the World War II German or Japanese surrender documents).", "Crackout (band) __knowledge__ Crackout were an English three-piece pop punk band, formed in Bicester, Oxfordshire in 1997.", "Crackout (band) __knowledge__ The band released two albums and a handful of singles, and toured with artists such as Sum 41, Seafood, Haven and Span before disbanding in late 2005.", "Crackout (band) __knowledge__ The band, singer-guitarist Steven Eagles, drummer Nicholas Millard and bassist Rachel Lavelle, were all 16 years old when they signed to the Shifty Disco label after playing only eight gigs as 'Crackout' (named after 'Brian Krakow', a character in American TV teen drama, \"My So-Called Life\").", "Crackout (band) __knowledge__ Within four weeks of the record label first seeing the band live, they had recorded and released their debut \"Chuck\" single.", "Reachin' (A New Refutation of Time and Space) __knowledge__ Reachin' (A New Refutation of Time and Space) is the acclaimed debut album by alternative hip hop group Digable Planets.", "Reachin' (A New Refutation of Time and Space) __knowledge__ It was released on February 9, 1993, by Pendulum/Elektra Records.", "Reachin' (A New Refutation of Time and Space) __knowledge__ The album was produced by Digable Planets' Ishmael Butler (\"Butterfly\") and features raps from Butler, Irving and Viera.", "Reachin' (A New Refutation of Time and Space) __knowledge__ The production leans heavily on jazz samples, Butler explaining that “it was all about resources, really...I just went and got the records that I had around me.", "Reachin' (A New Refutation of Time and Space) __knowledge__ And a lot of those were my dad’s shit, which was lots of jazz.", "Reachin' (A New Refutation of Time and Space) __knowledge__ The whole concept of ‘We’re a jazz group’ didn’t go down like that.", "Reachin' (A New Refutation of Time and Space) __knowledge__ Except that DJ Premier was a big influence, and he sampled a lot of jazz.” Lyrically, the tone of the album is less overtly political than its successor Blowout Comb, but still touches on issues such as abortion rights (La Femme Fetal) and the drug abuses of jazz musicians (Last of the Spiddyocks).", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Blowout Comb __knowledge__ Blowout Comb is the second studio album by American hip hop group Digable Planets, released October 18, 1994, on Pendulum/EMI Records.", "Blowout Comb __knowledge__ The album was written and recorded in Brooklyn, New York, where the group moved, with recording sessions beginning in 1993 and finishing in 1994.", "Blowout Comb __knowledge__ On \"Blowout Comb\", Digable Planets abandoned the radio friendly style of their debut album and worked with a more stripped-down sound.", "Blowout Comb __knowledge__ The album features a diverse range of samples and live instruments, and contains lyrical themes of the inner city and Black nationalism.", "Blowout Comb __knowledge__ It also features guest appearances from Guru of Gang Starr, Jeru the Damaja, and DJ Jazzy Joyce.", "Black Cat (song) __knowledge__ \"Black Cat\" is a song by American singer Janet Jackson, released as the sixth single from her fourth studio album \"Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814\" (1989).", "Black Cat (song) __knowledge__ It was written by Jackson, and produced by Jackson with Jellybean Johnson.", "Black Cat (song) __knowledge__ In a departure from her standard of industrial-based dance-pop, \"Black Cat\" is a pastiche of hard rock and heavy metal with influences of punk, dance-rock, and glam metal.", "Black Cat (song) __knowledge__ Its lyrics speak of substance abuse and gang violence.", "Black Cat (song) __knowledge__ It was the final song recorded for the album, after Jackson composed its main riff when desiring a rock song to complete the record.", "Black Cat (song) __knowledge__ \"Black Cat\" was well received among critics, who praised Jackson's \"maximum advantage\" vocals and her seamless foray into the hard rock genre.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "2016 Hellmann's 500 __knowledge__ The 2016 Hellmann's 500 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series race held on October 23, 2016, at Talladega Superspeedway in Lincoln, Alabama.", "2016 Hellmann's 500 __knowledge__ Contested over 188 laps on the 2.66 mile (4.2 km) superspeedway, it was the 32nd race of the 2016 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series season, sixth race of the Chase and final race of the Round of 12.", "2016 Hellmann's 500 __knowledge__ Talladega Superspeedway, originally known as Alabama International Motor Superspeedway (AIMS), is a motorsports complex located north of Talladega, Alabama.", "2016 Hellmann's 500 __knowledge__ It is located on the former Anniston Air Force Base in the small city of Lincoln.", "2016 Hellmann's 500 __knowledge__ The track is a tri-oval and was constructed in the 1960s by the International Speedway Corporation, a business controlled by the France Family.", "Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories __knowledge__ During Barack Obama's campaign for president in 2008, throughout his presidency, and afterwards, a number of conspiracy theories were circulated, falsely asserting that Obama was ineligible to be President of the United States on the basis that he was not a natural-born citizen of the United States within the requirement of .", "Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories __knowledge__ Theories alleged that Obama's published birth certificate was a forgery—that his actual birthplace was not Hawaii but Kenya.", "Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories __knowledge__ Other theories alleged that Obama became a citizen of Indonesia in childhood, thereby losing his U.S. citizenship.", "Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories __knowledge__ Still others claimed that Obama was not a natural-born U.S. citizen because he was born a dual citizen (British and American).", "Barack Obama presidential eligibility litigation __knowledge__ Numerous lawsuits and ballot challenges, based on conspiracy theories related to Barack Obama's eligibility for the United States presidency, have been filed since 2008.", "Barack Obama presidential eligibility litigation __knowledge__ These actions have sought to have Obama disqualified from running for, or being confirmed for, the Presidency of the United States, to declare his actions in office to be null and void, or to compel him to release additional documentation related to his U.S. citizenship.", "Barack Obama presidential eligibility litigation __knowledge__ By early 2012, dozens of lawsuits had been filed challenging Obama's eligibility in states including North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Hawaii, Connecticut, New Jersey, Texas and Washington.", "Family of Barack Obama __knowledge__ The family of Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States, and his wife Michelle Obama is made up of people of Kenyan (Luo), African-American, and Old Stock American (including originally English, Scotch-Irish, Welsh, German, and Swiss) ancestry.", "Family of Barack Obama __knowledge__ Their immediate family was the First Family of the United States from 2009 to 2017.", "Family of Barack Obama __knowledge__ The Obamas are the first First Family of African-American descent.", "Family of Barack Obama __knowledge__ Michelle Obama, née Robinson, the wife of Barack Obama, was born on January 17, 1964, in Chicago, Illinois.", "Family of Barack Obama __knowledge__ She is a lawyer and was a University of Chicago Hospital vice-president.", "Family of Barack Obama __knowledge__ She was the First Lady of the United States.", "First 100 days of Barack Obama's presidency __knowledge__ The first 100 days of Barack Obama's presidency began on January 20, 2009, the day Barack Obama was inaugurated as the 44th President of the United States.", "First 100 days of Barack Obama's presidency __knowledge__ The first 100 days of a presidential term took on symbolic significance during Franklin D. Roosevelt's first term in office, and the period is considered a benchmark to measure the early success of a president.", "First 100 days of Barack Obama's presidency __knowledge__ The 100th day of his presidency was April 29, 2009.", "First 100 days of Barack Obama's presidency __knowledge__ Obama stated that he should not be judged by his first hundred days: \"The first hundred days is going to be important, but it’s probably going to be the first thousand days that makes the difference.\"", "Barack Obama presidential primary campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ On February 10, 2007, Barack Obama, then junior United States Senator from Illinois, announced his candidacy for the presidency of the United States in Springfield, Illinois.", "Barack Obama presidential primary campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ On June 3, 2008, he secured enough delegates to become the presumptive nominee of the Democratic Party for the 2008 presidential election.", "Barack Obama presidential primary campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ He was the first African-American in American History to be nominated by a major party.", "Barack Obama presidential primary campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ On November 4, 2008, Obama won the presidential election to become the 44th President of the United States, succeeding George W. Bush.", "Barack Obama presidential primary campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ Obama announced his candidacy at the Old State Capitol building, where Abraham Lincoln delivered his \"House Divided\" speech in 1858.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "First inauguration of Barack Obama __knowledge__ The first inauguration of Barack Obama as the 44th President of the United States took place on Tuesday, January 20, 2009.", "First inauguration of Barack Obama __knowledge__ The inauguration, which set a record attendance for any event held in Washington, D.C., marked the commencement of the first four-year term of Barack Obama as President and Joe Biden as Vice President.", "First inauguration of Barack Obama __knowledge__ Based on the combined attendance numbers, television viewership, and Internet traffic, it was among the most-observed events ever by the global audience.", "First inauguration of Barack Obama __knowledge__ \"A New Birth of Freedom\", a phrase from the Gettysburg Address, served as the inaugural theme to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the birth year of Abraham Lincoln." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Autograph __knowledge__ Autograph is a famous person's artistic signature.", "Autograph __knowledge__ This term is used in particular for the practice of collecting autographs of celebrities.", "Autograph __knowledge__ The hobby of collecting autographs is known as philography.", "Autograph __knowledge__ What might be considered the oldest \"autograph\" is a Sumerian clay table from about 3100 BC which includes the name of the scribe Gar.Ama.", "Autograph __knowledge__ No ancient written autographs have been found, and the earliest one known for a major historical figure is that of El Cid from 1098.", "Autograph __knowledge__ Autograph also refers to a document transcribed entirely in the handwriting of its author, as opposed to a typeset document or one written by an amanuensis or a copyist; the meaning overlaps with that of the word holograph.", "Autograph __knowledge__ The word comes from Ancient Greek , \"autós\", \"self\" and , \"gráphō\", \"write\".", "Autograph __knowledge__ Some of the most popular categories of autograph subjects are presidents, military soldiers, athletes, movie stars, artists, social and religious leaders, scientists, astronauts and authors.", "Autograph __knowledge__ Some collectors may specialize in specific fields (such as Nobel Prize winners) or general topics (military leaders participating in World War I) or specific documents (i.e., signers of the Charter of the United Nations; signers of the U.S. Constitution; signers of the Israeli Declaration of Independence; signers of the Charter of the European Common Union; signers of the World War II German or Japanese surrender documents).", "Tell the Truth (Belarus) __knowledge__ Tell the Truth!", "Tell the Truth (Belarus) __knowledge__ (, \"Havary Praŭdu\") is a campaign in Belarus, which was started on 25 February 2010 by educational and research institution \"Movement Forward\" and is supported by some social public figures.", "Tell the Truth (Belarus) __knowledge__ Belarusian poet Uladzimir Niaklajeu is the founder and leader of the campaign.", "Tell the Truth (Belarus) __knowledge__ For a long time the objective of the campaign was to collect and distribute true information about the situation in the society and state and only 6 month after Niaklajeu declared about the true objective of the campaign – victory in the coming presidential elections.", "Tell the Truth (Belarus) __knowledge__ In May 2010 dozens of activists of the campaign were subjected to persecution by Belarusian authorities.", "Czech presidential election, 2018 __knowledge__ Presidential elections were held in the Czech Republic in January 2018.", "Czech presidential election, 2018 __knowledge__ The first round took place on 12 and 13 January.", "Czech presidential election, 2018 __knowledge__ As no candidate won a majority, a run-off election between the top two candidates, Jiří Drahoš and President Miloš Zeman, was held on 26 and 27 January 2018.", "Czech presidential election, 2018 __knowledge__ In the first round voters chose between nine candidates who qualified for the election either by gathering 50,000 signatures from the public, 10 signatures from Senators or 20 signatures from members of the Chamber of Deputies (MPs).", "Czech presidential election, 2018 __knowledge__ Incumbent president Miloš Zeman, running for re-election to his second and last term, finished first with 38.57%, followed by former President of the Czech Academy of Sciences Jiří Drahoš, who received 26.60%.", "Russian presidential election, 2018 __knowledge__ The 2018 Russian presidential election will take place on 18 March 2018.", "Russian presidential election, 2018 __knowledge__ The first round will be held on Sunday 18 March 2018.", "Russian presidential election, 2018 __knowledge__ If in the first round no candidate attains an absolute majority of the votes (more than half), then according to the law, a second round will take place exactly three weeks later, on 8 April 2018.", "Russian presidential election, 2018 __knowledge__ On 6 December 2017, the incumbent, President Vladimir Putin, announced that he will seek re-election for a second consecutive term and fourth term overall.", "Russian presidential election, 2018 __knowledge__ Putin is widely expected to win, and has consistently scored higher than 40%, and often much higher, in opinion polls since the last presidential election.", "One Million Signatures __knowledge__ One Million Signatures for the Repeal of Discriminatory Laws (Persian: يک ميليون امضا برای لغو قوانين تبعيض آميز \"Yek Milyun Emzā barā-ye Laghv-e Qavānin-e Tab‘iz Āmiz\"), also known as Change for Equality, is a campaign by women in Iran to collect one million signatures in support of changing discriminatory laws against women in their country.", "One Million Signatures __knowledge__ Activists of the movement have been attacked and jailed by the government, and the campaign has had to extend its two-year target to collect the full number of signatures.", "One Million Signatures __knowledge__ The campaign has received wide international recognition.", "One Million Signatures __knowledge__ Prominent journalistic, human rights and pro-democracy organizations have awarded important prizes, to both the organization and some of its members.", "Referendums in Italy __knowledge__ A referendum, in the Italian legal system is a request directed to the whole electorate to express their view on a determined question.", "Referendums in Italy __knowledge__ It is the main instrument of direct democracy in Italy.", "Referendums in Italy __knowledge__ The Constitution of Italy only provides for four types of legally binding referendums: Despite that the constitutional right to hold a popular referendum has existed since adoption of the Constitution in 1948, the necessary legislation detailing the bureaucratic procedures needed to hold them was not adopted until the early 1970s.", "Referendums in Italy __knowledge__ As a consequence of this, Italy's first popular referendum was not held until 1974, 27 years after the constitution was first approved.", "National Popular Vote Interstate Compact __knowledge__ MD/NJ/IL/HI/WA/MA/DC/VT/CA/RI/NY AK/AZ/FL/GA/KS/MN/MO/NC/OH/PA/SC/UT/VA The National Popular Vote Interstate Compact (NPVIC) is an agreement among a group of U.S. states and the District of Columbia to award all their respective electoral votes to whichever presidential candidate wins the overall popular vote in the 50 states and the District of Columbia.", "National Popular Vote Interstate Compact __knowledge__ The compact is designed to ensure that the candidate who wins the most popular votes is elected president, and it will come into effect only when it will guarantee that outcome.", "5th Justice and Development Party Ordinary Congress __knowledge__ The 5th Justice and Development Party Ordinary Congress was a party convention of the governing Turkish Justice and Development Party (AKP) that took place on 12 September 2015.", "5th Justice and Development Party Ordinary Congress __knowledge__ It was held six weeks before Turkey voted in a snap general election in November 2015.", "5th Justice and Development Party Ordinary Congress __knowledge__ The agenda included motions to alter the party's by-laws to lift the three-term limit for the party's MPs who had been elected for a third time in the June 2015 general election, as well as the establishment of a 'Founding Principles Board'.", "5th Justice and Development Party Ordinary Congress __knowledge__ The party leader and Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu declared his candidacy for re-election to the party leadership, with most commentators speculating that he would almost certainly be the only candidate.", "Wilbur Hobby __knowledge__ Wilbur Hobby (November 8, 1925 – May 9, 1992) rose from very modest means in Durham, North Carolina to become a prominent leader in North Carolina’s labor movement.", "Wilbur Hobby __knowledge__ He was the President of the North Carolina chapter of the American Federation of Labor – Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) from 1969-1981.", "Wilbur Hobby __knowledge__ Hobby also was active in North Carolina politics, running unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for Governor in 1972.", "Wilbur Hobby __knowledge__ Hobby strove to provide security and stability to the working lives of ordinary people, something he never had as a child.", "Wilbur Hobby __knowledge__ He used politics as a means to this end, but he entered the field at a time when segregationist forces were still very strong in the South.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ Metamorphosis is the second studio album by American singer Hilary Duff.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ The album was released on August 26, 2003 by Hollywood Records as a follow up to her holiday album, \"Santa Claus Lane\" (2002).", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ According to Duff, the album incorporates elements of pop and rock music, and it represents changes that are specific to her life and that everyone experiences.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ Duff worked with several producers on the album such as The Matrix who worked with Latin Pop Singer, Myra, also signed to Hollywood Records prior.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ Others who collaborated on the album include Chico Bennett, Matthew Gerrard, John Shanks, and his frequent writing partner Kara DioGuardi.", "Calvin and Hobbes __knowledge__ Calvin and Hobbes is a daily comic strip by American cartoonist Bill Watterson that was syndicated from November 18, 1985 to December 31, 1995.", "Calvin and Hobbes __knowledge__ Commonly cited as \"the last great newspaper comic\", \"Calvin and Hobbes\" has enjoyed broad and enduring popularity, influence, and academic interest.", "Calvin and Hobbes __knowledge__ \"Calvin and Hobbes\" follows the humorous antics of Calvin, a precocious, mischievous, and adventurous six-year-old boy, and Hobbes, his sardonic stuffed tiger.", "Calvin and Hobbes __knowledge__ Set in the contemporary suburban United States, the strip depicts Calvin's frequent flights of fancy and his friendship with Hobbes.", "Calvin and Hobbes __knowledge__ It also examines Calvin's relationships with family and classmates, especially the love/hate relationship between him and his classmate, Susie Derkins.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series, and digital series.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Phil Coulson, portrayed by Clark Gregg, is an original character to the MCU and the only character to appear across all the different media of the MCU.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The Monkees are an American rock and pop band originally active between 1965 and 1971, with subsequent reunion albums and tours in the decades that followed.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ They were formed in Los Angeles in 1965 by Bob Rafelson and Bert Schneider for the American television series \"The Monkees\", which aired from 1966 to 1968.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The musical acting quartet was composed of Americans Micky Dolenz, Michael Nesmith and Peter Tork and British stage and television actor and singer Davy Jones.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The band's music was initially supervised by producer Don Kirshner, backed by the songwriting duo of Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Management of HIV/AIDS __knowledge__ The management of HIV/AIDS normally includes the use of multiple antiretroviral drugs in an attempt to control HIV infection.", "Management of HIV/AIDS __knowledge__ There are several classes of antiretroviral agents that act on different stages of the HIV life-cycle.", "Management of HIV/AIDS __knowledge__ The use of multiple drugs that act on different viral targets is known as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).", "Management of HIV/AIDS __knowledge__ HAART decreases the patient's total burden of HIV, maintains function of the immune system, and prevents opportunistic infections that often lead to death.", "Management of HIV/AIDS __knowledge__ Treatment has been so successful that in many parts of the world, HIV has become a chronic condition in which progression to AIDS is increasingly rare." ] ]

[ 1, 8, 3, 9 ]

[ "Hey there, I love to collect signatures, or famous people's signatures!", "I have some from previous presidents like Barack Obama, athletes (many football) and movie stars!", "It's a really fun hobby called philography. I highly recommend starting if you're looking for something to do.", "Indeed. Some collectors even seek particular types of autographs. Some try to stay with Nobel Prize winners or even American heroes. I know someone who set out to find military leaders from World War I. Mine is a bit more generic, though I do love to organize mine into categories." ]

[ "Autograph", "Autograph", "Autograph", "Autograph" ]

[ "Aquarium", "That's pretty cool! I would love to have an aquarium ", "In 1850? Wow! That's a long time ago. I didn't know you have to have plants in aquarium. ", "Oh, I see! That's very good to know!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Aquarium __knowledge__ An aquarium (plural: \"aquariums\" or \"aquaria\") is a vivarium of any size having at least one transparent side in which aquatic plants or animals are kept and displayed.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ Fishkeepers use aquaria to keep fish, invertebrates, amphibians, aquatic reptiles such as turtles, and aquatic plants.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The term \"aquarium\", coined by English naturalist Philip Henry Gosse, combines the Latin root \"aqua\", meaning water, with the suffix \"-arium\", meaning \"a place for relating to\".", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium principle was fully developed in 1850 by the chemist Robert Warington, who explained that plants added to water in a container would give off enough oxygen to support animals, so long as the numbers of animals did not grow too large.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium craze was launched in early Victorian England by Gosse, who created and stocked the first public aquarium at the London Zoo in 1853, and published the first manual, \"The Aquarium: An Unveiling of the Wonders of the Deep Sea\" in 1854.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ An aquarium is a water-filled tank in which fish swim about.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ Small aquariums are kept in the home by hobbyists.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ There are larger public aquariums in many cities.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ This kind of aquarium is a building with fish and other aquatic animals in large tanks." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Aquarium __knowledge__ An aquarium (plural: \"aquariums\" or \"aquaria\") is a vivarium of any size having at least one transparent side in which aquatic plants or animals are kept and displayed.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ Fishkeepers use aquaria to keep fish, invertebrates, amphibians, aquatic reptiles such as turtles, and aquatic plants.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The term \"aquarium\", coined by English naturalist Philip Henry Gosse, combines the Latin root \"aqua\", meaning water, with the suffix \"-arium\", meaning \"a place for relating to\".", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium principle was fully developed in 1850 by the chemist Robert Warington, who explained that plants added to water in a container would give off enough oxygen to support animals, so long as the numbers of animals did not grow too large.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium craze was launched in early Victorian England by Gosse, who created and stocked the first public aquarium at the London Zoo in 1853, and published the first manual, \"The Aquarium: An Unveiling of the Wonders of the Deep Sea\" in 1854.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ An aquarium is a water-filled tank in which fish swim about.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ Small aquariums are kept in the home by hobbyists.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ There are larger public aquariums in many cities.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ This kind of aquarium is a building with fish and other aquatic animals in large tanks.", "Dear... (The Grace album) __knowledge__ Dear... is The Grace's second Japanese album released on January 9, 2009.", "Dear... (The Grace album) __knowledge__ The title track \"\"Sukoshi de Ikara\" (少しでいいから) (A Little Bit of Good)\" was used as the movie \"Subaru\" soundtrack song.", "Dear... (The Grace album) __knowledge__ Tenjochiki's second studio album includes 2 singles released from July 2008 in Japan including the B-side of their 7th single \"Here\": \"Near: Thoughtful 1220\" and the album consists of a total of 9 tracks.", "Dear... (The Grace album) __knowledge__ The album peaked #14 on Oricon daily album charts and #37 on the Oricon weekly album charts, charted for 3 weeks and sold 4,734 copies, making their most successful Japanese album so far.", "Dear... (The Grace album) __knowledge__ Known as “The Grace” in Korea and “Tenjo Chiki” in Japan, the pop group consists of So.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ The manga series \"Rurouni Kenshin\" features a large cast of fictional characters created by Nobuhiro Watsuki.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ Set in Japan during the Meiji period, several of the characters are real historical figures who interact with the fictional characters.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ The story follows a pacifist wanderer named Himura Kenshin, who was previously an assassin known as \"\"Hitokiri Battōsai\"\" working for the Isshin Shishi during the Bakumatsu period.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ After helping Kamiya Kaoru, the instructor of a kendo school in Tokyo, in defeating a criminal he is invited by her to stay at her dojo.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ During his stay in Tokyo, Kenshin befriends new people including Myōjin Yahiko, a young child descendant from a samurai family who starts training under Kaoru, Sagara Sanosuke, a former Sekihō who enjoys fighting, and Takani Megumi, a doctor involved with the illegal drug trade.", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring \"Saturday Night Live\" characters and sketches introduced between September 25, 2010, and May 21, 2011, the thirty-sixth season of \"SNL\".", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ Vanessa Bayer plays teen Disney Channel star Miley Cyrus as the exuberant host of her own talk show.", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ (Theme song: \"I've got guests, and a show, and I'm ready to go!", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ So I guess that's pretty cool!", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ It's pretty cool!\")", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ Bryan Cranston played her father and house band leader Billy Ray Cyrus in the sketch's debut; he was replaced by Jason Sudeikis in later installments.", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ Bayer performed her impression of Cyrus during her auditions for SNL.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Monterey Bay Aquarium __knowledge__ Monterey Bay Aquarium is a nonprofit public aquarium in Monterey, California.", "Monterey Bay Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium is known for its regional focus on the marine habitats of Monterey Bay, being the first institution to exhibit a living kelp forest.", "Monterey Bay Aquarium __knowledge__ Its biologists have pioneered the animal husbandry of jellyfish and, , it remains the only public aquarium to have successfully exhibited a great white shark for longer than 16 days.", "Monterey Bay Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium participates in various animal breeding programs, publishes scientific research, and hosts and partakes in conferences.", "Monterey Bay Aquarium __knowledge__ Seafood Watch, the aquarium's seafood consumer awareness program, has had an influential role among consumers and businesses in enhancing sustainable fishing practices.", "2015 AAA Texas 500 __knowledge__ The 2015 AAA Texas 500 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series race held on November 8, 2015, at Texas Motor Speedway in Fort Worth, Texas.", "2015 AAA Texas 500 __knowledge__ Contested over 334 laps on the 1.5 mile (2.4 km) intermediate quad-oval, it was the 34th race of the 2015 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series season, eighth race of the Chase and second race of the Eliminator Round.", "2015 AAA Texas 500 __knowledge__ Jimmie Johnson won the race, his fifth of the season.", "2015 AAA Texas 500 __knowledge__ Brad Keselowski finished second.", "2015 AAA Texas 500 __knowledge__ Kevin Harvick, Kyle Busch and Carl Edwards rounded out the top-five.", "2015 AAA Texas 500 __knowledge__ Keselowski won the pole for the race and led a race high of 312 laps on his way to a runner-up finish.", "2015 AAA Texas 500 __knowledge__ The race had 15 lead changes among eight different drivers, as well as nine caution flag periods for 47 laps.", "Aquatic mammal __knowledge__ Aquatic and semiaquatic mammals are a diverse group of mammals that dwell partly or entirely in bodies of water.", "Aquatic mammal __knowledge__ They include the various marine mammals who dwell in oceans, as well as various freshwater species, such as the European otter.", "Aquatic mammal __knowledge__ They are not a taxon and are not unified by any distinct biological grouping, but rather their dependence on and integral relation to aquatic ecosystems.", "Aquatic mammal __knowledge__ The level of dependence on aquatic life are vastly different among species, with the Amazonian manatee and river dolphins being completely aquatic and fully dependent on aquatic ecosystems; whereas the Baikal seal feeds underwater but rests, molts, and breeds on land; and the capybara and hippopotamus are able to venture in and out of water in search of food.", "World Association of Zoos and Aquariums __knowledge__ The World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) is the \"umbrella\" organisation for the world zoo and aquarium community.", "World Association of Zoos and Aquariums __knowledge__ Its mission is to provide leadership and support for zoos, aquariums, and partner organizations of the world in animal care and welfare, conservation of biodiversity, environmental education and global sustainability.", "World Association of Zoos and Aquariums __knowledge__ The organisation is based in Gland, Switzerland.", "World Association of Zoos and Aquariums __knowledge__ After an earlier International Union of Directors of Zoological Gardens (IUDZG), founded in 1935 at Basel, Switzerland, ceased to exist during World War II, a new IUDZG was founded in Rotterdam in 1946 by a group of zoo directors from allied or neutral countries.", "Aquatic plant __knowledge__ Aquatic plants are plants that have adapted to living in aquatic environments (saltwater or freshwater).", "Aquatic plant __knowledge__ They are also referred to as hydrophytes or macrophytes.", "Aquatic plant __knowledge__ These plants require special adaptations for living submerged in water, or at the water's surface.", "Aquatic plant __knowledge__ The most common adaptation is aerenchyma, but floating leaves and finely dissected leaves are also common.", "Aquatic plant __knowledge__ Aquatic plants can only grow in water or in soil that is permanently saturated with water.", "Aquatic plant __knowledge__ They are therefore a common component of wetlands.", "Aquatic plant __knowledge__ The principal factor controlling the distribution of aquatic plants is the depth and duration of flooding.", "Detroit Zoo __knowledge__ The Detroit Zoo is located about north of the Detroit city limits at the intersection of Woodward Avenue, 10 Mile Road, and Interstate 696 in Royal Oak and Huntington Woods, Michigan, United States.", "Detroit Zoo __knowledge__ The Detroit Zoological Society (DZS), a non-profit organization, operates both the Detroit Zoo and the Belle Isle Nature Center, located in the city of Detroit.", "Detroit Zoo __knowledge__ The Detroit Zoo is one of Michigan's largest family attractions, hosting more than 1.6 million visitors annually.", "Detroit Zoo __knowledge__ Situated on 125 acres of naturalistic exhibits, it provides a natural habitat for more than 2,000 animals representing 245 species.", "Aquascaping __knowledge__ Aquascaping is the craft of arranging aquatic plants, as well as rocks, stones, cavework, or driftwood, in an aesthetically pleasing manner within an aquarium—in effect, gardening under water.", "Aquascaping __knowledge__ Aquascape designs include a number of distinct styles, including the garden-like Dutch style and the Japanese-inspired nature style.", "Aquascaping __knowledge__ Typically, an aquascape houses fish as well as plants, although it is possible to create an aquascape with plants only, or with rockwork or other hardscape and no plants.", "Aquascaping __knowledge__ Although the primary aim of aquascaping is to create an artful underwater landscape, the technical aspects of tank maintenance and the growth requirements of aquatic plants are also taken into consideration.", "Frog __knowledge__ A frog is any member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order Anura (Ancient Greek \"an-,\" without + \"oura\", tail).", "Frog __knowledge__ The oldest fossil \"proto-frog\" appeared in the early Triassic of Madagascar, but molecular clock dating suggests their origins may extend further back to the Permian, 265 million years ago.", "Frog __knowledge__ Frogs are widely distributed, ranging from the tropics to subarctic regions, but the greatest concentration of species diversity is in tropical rainforests.", "Frog __knowledge__ There are approximately 4,800 recorded species, accounting for over 85% of extant amphibian species." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Aquarium __knowledge__ An aquarium (plural: \"aquariums\" or \"aquaria\") is a vivarium of any size having at least one transparent side in which aquatic plants or animals are kept and displayed.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ Fishkeepers use aquaria to keep fish, invertebrates, amphibians, aquatic reptiles such as turtles, and aquatic plants.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The term \"aquarium\", coined by English naturalist Philip Henry Gosse, combines the Latin root \"aqua\", meaning water, with the suffix \"-arium\", meaning \"a place for relating to\".", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium principle was fully developed in 1850 by the chemist Robert Warington, who explained that plants added to water in a container would give off enough oxygen to support animals, so long as the numbers of animals did not grow too large.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium craze was launched in early Victorian England by Gosse, who created and stocked the first public aquarium at the London Zoo in 1853, and published the first manual, \"The Aquarium: An Unveiling of the Wonders of the Deep Sea\" in 1854.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ An aquarium is a water-filled tank in which fish swim about.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ Small aquariums are kept in the home by hobbyists.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ There are larger public aquariums in many cities.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ This kind of aquarium is a building with fish and other aquatic animals in large tanks.", "Long Long Time Ago 2 __knowledge__ Long Long Time Ago 2 (; literally \"Our Story 2\") is a 2016 Singaporean period film directed by Jack Neo, the second of a two-part series and the sequel to \"Long Long Time Ago\".", "Long Long Time Ago 2 __knowledge__ Continuing from \"Long Long Time Ago\", Zhao Di takes over her family farm with the help of Ah Long after the 1969 floods.", "Long Long Time Ago 2 __knowledge__ After the government started reclaiming land for development in 1977, licensed owners like Zhao Di are compensated but her brother accuses her of having an affair with Ah Long to get the money for himself.", "Long Long Time Ago 2 __knowledge__ Osman does not approve his son playing in a rock band as he fears the negative influence, causing his son to run away from home.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Fishkeeping __knowledge__ Fishkeeping is a popular hobby, practiced by aquarists, concerned with keeping fish in a home aquarium or garden pond.", "Fishkeeping __knowledge__ There is also a piscicultural fishkeeping industry, as a branch of agriculture.", "Fishkeeping __knowledge__ Fish have been raised as food in pools and ponds for thousands of years.", "Fishkeeping __knowledge__ Brightly colored or tame specimens of fish in these pools have sometimes been valued as pets rather than food.", "Fishkeeping __knowledge__ Many other cultures kept fish for both functional and decorative purposes.", "Fishkeeping __knowledge__ Ancient Sumerians kept wild-caught fish in ponds, before preparing them for meals.", "Fishkeeping __knowledge__ Depictions of the sacred fish of Oxyrhynchus kept in captivity in rectangular temple pools have been found in ancient Egyptian art.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ This article is about placeholder names in various languages.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ In Afrikaans, \"dinges\" ('thing'), \"goeters\" ('things'), \"watsenaam\" ('what's its name') are common placeholders.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ A common placeholder name for a semi-mythological place - much the same as Timbuktu - is \"Pofadder\" (a real town).", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ A general term for a far away, remote/rural environment is \"Boendoe\".", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ \"Van die jaar toet\" (from the year \"tut\") is often used to indicate an unspecified, long time ago.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ Arabic uses \"Fulan\", \"Fulana[h]\" (فلان / فلانة) and when a last name is needed it becomes \"Fulan AlFulani\", \"Fulana[h] AlFulaniyya[h]\" (فلان الفلاني / فلانة الفلانية).", "Monterey Bay Aquarium __knowledge__ Monterey Bay Aquarium is a nonprofit public aquarium in Monterey, California.", "Monterey Bay Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium is known for its regional focus on the marine habitats of Monterey Bay, being the first institution to exhibit a living kelp forest.", "Monterey Bay Aquarium __knowledge__ Its biologists have pioneered the animal husbandry of jellyfish and, , it remains the only public aquarium to have successfully exhibited a great white shark for longer than 16 days.", "Monterey Bay Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium participates in various animal breeding programs, publishes scientific research, and hosts and partakes in conferences.", "Monterey Bay Aquarium __knowledge__ Seafood Watch, the aquarium's seafood consumer awareness program, has had an influential role among consumers and businesses in enhancing sustainable fishing practices.", "Robert Warington __knowledge__ Robert Warington FRS (7 September 1807 – 17 November 1867) was an English chemist considered the driving force behind the creation of the world's first enduring chemistry society, The Chemical Society of London, which later became the Royal Society of Chemistry.", "Robert Warington __knowledge__ Born on 7 September 1807 in Sheerness, Kent, he was the third son of Thomas Warington (1773-1843), a ship's victualler and wine merchant, and his wife Esther Elizabeth Eaton (1779-1861).", "Robert Warington __knowledge__ One of his uncles was Thomas Warington (1765-1850), the father-in-law of Admiral William Henry Smyth.", "Robert Warington __knowledge__ After a childhood spent in Portsmouth, Boulogne, and other places, he entered Merchant Taylors' school in 1818 and in 1822 was articled for five years to John Thomas Cooper, a lecturer in the medical schools of Aldersgate Street and Webb Street, and a manufacturer of potassium, sodium, iodine, and other then-rare chemical substances.", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life.", "Soil __knowledge__ The Earth's body of soil is the pedosphere, which has four important functions: it is a medium for plant growth; it is a means of water storage, supply and purification; it is a modifier of Earth's atmosphere; it is a habitat for organisms; all of which, in turn, modify the soil.", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil interfaces with the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere.", "Soil __knowledge__ The term \"pedolith\", used commonly to refer to the soil, literally translates \"ground stone\".", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil consists of a solid phase of minerals and organic matter (the soil matrix), as well as a porous phase that holds gases (the soil atmosphere) and water (the soil solution).", "Katherine Warington __knowledge__ Katherine Warington (5 September 1897 – 3 July 1993) was a botanist and the first person to show that boron, as boric acid, was essential for the healthy growth of plants.", "Katherine Warington __knowledge__ Katherine Warington was born in Harpenden, Hertfordshire on 5 September 1897, a twin and one of the five daughters of Helen Louisa Makins and the agricultural chemist Robert Warington FRS [Jnr].", "Katherine Warington __knowledge__ She was educated at the all-women Holloway College, University of London graduating with a B.Sc (Hons) in Botany in 1921.", "Katherine Warington __knowledge__ In 1923 she gained her MSc from the University of London with her thesis: The effect of boric acid and borax on the broad bean and certain other plants.", "Marine aquarium __knowledge__ A marine aquarium is an aquarium that keeps marine plants and animals in a contained environment.", "Marine aquarium __knowledge__ Marine aquaria are further subdivided by hobbyists into fish only (FO), fish only with live rock (FOWLR), and reef aquaria.", "Marine aquarium __knowledge__ Fish only tanks often showcase large or aggressive marine fish species and generally rely on mechanical and chemical filtration.", "Marine aquarium __knowledge__ FOWLR and reef tanks use live rock, a material composed of coral skeletons harboring beneficial nitrogen waste metabolizing bacteria, as a means of more natural biological filtration.", "Marine aquarium __knowledge__ Marine fishkeeping is different from its freshwater counterpart because of the fundamental differences in the constitution of saltwater and the resulting differences in the adaptation of its inhabitants.", "Scuba diving __knowledge__ Scuba diving is a form of underwater diving where the diver uses a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) which is completely independent of surface supply, to breathe underwater.", "Scuba diving __knowledge__ Scuba divers carry their own source of breathing gas, usually compressed air, allowing them greater independence and freedom of movement than surface-supplied divers, and longer underwater endurance than breath-hold divers.", "Scuba diving __knowledge__ Open circuit scuba systems discharge the breathing gas into the environment as it is exhaled, and consist of one or more diving cylinders containing breathing gas at high pressure which is supplied to the diver through a regulator.", "Freshwater aquarium __knowledge__ A freshwater aquarium is a receptacle that holds one or more freshwater aquatic organisms for decorative, pet-keeping, or research purposes.", "Freshwater aquarium __knowledge__ Modern aquariums are most often made from transparent glass or acrylic glass.", "Freshwater aquarium __knowledge__ Typical inhabitants include fish, plants, amphibians, and invertebrates, such as snails and crustaceans.", "Freshwater aquarium __knowledge__ Freshwater fish may be either coldwater or tropical species.", "Freshwater aquarium __knowledge__ Although freshwater aquariums can be set up as community tanks, coldwater and tropical fish are generally not mixed due to incompatibilities in temperature requirements.", "Freshwater aquarium __knowledge__ Coldwater aquariums house goldfish and other species that do not require a heating apparatus." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Aquarium __knowledge__ An aquarium (plural: \"aquariums\" or \"aquaria\") is a vivarium of any size having at least one transparent side in which aquatic plants or animals are kept and displayed.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ Fishkeepers use aquaria to keep fish, invertebrates, amphibians, aquatic reptiles such as turtles, and aquatic plants.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The term \"aquarium\", coined by English naturalist Philip Henry Gosse, combines the Latin root \"aqua\", meaning water, with the suffix \"-arium\", meaning \"a place for relating to\".", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium principle was fully developed in 1850 by the chemist Robert Warington, who explained that plants added to water in a container would give off enough oxygen to support animals, so long as the numbers of animals did not grow too large.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium craze was launched in early Victorian England by Gosse, who created and stocked the first public aquarium at the London Zoo in 1853, and published the first manual, \"The Aquarium: An Unveiling of the Wonders of the Deep Sea\" in 1854.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ An aquarium is a water-filled tank in which fish swim about.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ Small aquariums are kept in the home by hobbyists.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ There are larger public aquariums in many cities.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ This kind of aquarium is a building with fish and other aquatic animals in large tanks.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The Bell OH-58 Kiowa is a family of single-engine, single-rotor, military helicopters used for observation, utility, and direct fire support.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ Bell Helicopter manufactured the OH-58 for the United States Army based on its Model 206A JetRanger helicopter.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 was in continuous U.S. Army service from 1969 to 2017, when it was retired and replaced in this role by the Boeing AH-64 Apache.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The latest model, the \"OH-58D Kiowa Warrior\", is primarily operated in an armed reconnaissance role in support of ground troops.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 has been exported to Austria, Canada, Croatia, the Dominican Republic, Taiwan, Saudi Arabia, and Greece.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune Records was an American family operated, independent record label located in Detroit, Michigan from 1946 to 1995.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ The label owners were Jack and Devora Brown, their son Sheldon Brown recorded for the label.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Original releases tapered off after 1972 aside from a few albums in the mid-1980s.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune specialized in R&B, blues, soul and doo-wop music, although the label also released pop, big band, hillbilly, gospel, rock and roll, and polka records.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune released some doo-wop tunes by Nolan Strong & The Diablos, such as \"The Wind\" (Fortune 511, 1954), \"The Way You Dog Me Around\" (Fortune 518, 1955), and \"Mind Over Matter\" (Fortune 546, 1962).", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in the comic book series The Boys, created by Garth Ennis and Darick Robertson.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ The Boys are a CIA black ops team, initially created by Col. Greg Mallory to manage, police, and sometimes liquidate Vought-American's superhumans.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ While this is in part to help protect normal humans from the actions of the largely out of control \"supes,\" this is also to ensure that the company lack the stability or the platform to push the use of superhumans in national defense.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ Over time, however, the team's focus was changed, due to Butcher's increased influence, from one of management and containment to one of direct confrontation.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun (Korean: 오은선, Hanja: 吳銀善, born March 5, 1966) is a South Korean female mountaineer.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ She is the first Korean woman to climb the Seven Summits.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ On April 27, 2010, she reached the Annapurna summit.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh claimed she had climbed all fourteen eight-thousanders, which would have made her the first woman to achieve this feat, but her claim to have ascended Kangchenjunga was disputed by multiple experts.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun later admitted that she had to stop a few hundred meters before the Kangchenjunga summit — therefore the Korean Alpine Federation ruled that Oh did not climb that peak, and the mountaineering site ExplorersWeb considered that Edurne Pasaban is the first woman to have successfully climbed all fourteen peaks.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ Gag Concert () is a Korean sketch-comedy TV show on KBS 2TV network.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ It began airing in September 1999 and is the oldest of South Korea current comedy programs.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ The show is recorded on Wednesdays and airs on KBS 2TV on Sundays at 9:15 PM.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ The show airs with English subtitles after two weeks on KBS World TV on Saturdays at 6:00 PM.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ \"※ As of 7 January 2018\" \"(Korean: 아무말 대잔치, Starring: Jang Kiyeong, Park Yeongjin, Hong Hwon, Shin Jongryeong, Song Junseok)\" The contest that allows you to say anything.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ Contestants usually say the opposite of what one would expect them to say based on the context.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ \"(Korean: 명훈아 명훈아 명훈아, Starring: Jeong Myeonghun, Kim Minkyeong, Oh Nami, Lee Hyeonjeong)\" Three glamorous ladies try to entice Jeong Myeonghun with their charms.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ Stone is a 2010 U.S. crime thriller film directed by John Curran and starring Robert De Niro, Edward Norton and Milla Jovovich.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ Most of the filming was done in Washtenaw County, Michigan.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ This was the final film to be released by Overture Films.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ Young mother Madylyn Mabry puts her daughter to bed while her husband Jack watches golf on television.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ A bee buzzes around the window as she stays with her girl.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ After the child is asleep, she goes downstairs and announces she's leaving, saying \"You keep my soul in a dungeon.\"", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ He takes a moment to disconnect from the game, then runs upstairs to the bedroom and holds their daughter out the window, threatening to drop her if Madylyn leaves.", "Marine life __knowledge__ Marine life, or sea life or ocean life, refers to the plants, animals and other organisms that live in the salt water of the sea or ocean, or the brackish water of coastal estuaries.", "Marine life __knowledge__ At a fundamental level, marine life helps determine the very nature of our planet.", "Marine life __knowledge__ Marine organisms produce much of the oxygen we breathe.", "Marine life __knowledge__ Shorelines are in part shaped and protected by marine life, and some marine organisms even help create new land.", "Marine life __knowledge__ Most life forms evolved initially in marine habitats.", "Marine life __knowledge__ Oceans provide about 99 percent of the living space on the planet.", "Marine life __knowledge__ The earliest vertebrates appeared in the form of fish, which live exclusively in water.", "Spawn (biology) __knowledge__ Spawn is the eggs and sperm released or deposited into water by aquatic animals.", "Spawn (biology) __knowledge__ As a verb, \"to spawn\" refers to the process of releasing the eggs and sperm, and the act of both sexes is called spawning.", "Spawn (biology) __knowledge__ Most aquatic animals, except for aquatic mammals and reptiles, reproduce through the process of spawning.", "Spawn (biology) __knowledge__ Spawn consists of the reproductive cells (gametes) of many aquatic animals, some of which will become fertilized and produce offspring.", "Spawn (biology) __knowledge__ The process of spawning typically involves females releasing ova (unfertilized eggs) into the water, often in large quantities, while males simultaneously or sequentially release spermatozoa (milt) to fertilize the eggs.", "Fish physiology __knowledge__ Fish physiology is the scientific study of how the component parts of fish function together in the living fish.", "Fish physiology __knowledge__ It can be contrasted with fish anatomy, which is the study of the form or morphology of fishes.", "Fish physiology __knowledge__ In practice, fish anatomy and physiology complement each other, the former dealing with the structure of a fish, its organs or component parts and how they are put together, such as might be observed on the dissecting table or under the microscope, and the later dealing with how those components function together in the living fish.", "Fish physiology __knowledge__ Most fish exchange gases using gills on either side of the pharynx (throat).", "Animal locomotion __knowledge__ Animal locomotion, in ethology, is any of a variety of movements or methods that animals use to move from one place to another.", "Animal locomotion __knowledge__ Some modes of locomotion are (initially) self-propelled, e.g., running, swimming, jumping, flying, hopping, soaring and gliding.", "Animal locomotion __knowledge__ There are also many animal species that depend on their environment for transportation, a type of mobility called passive locomotion, e.g., sailing (some jellyfish), kiting (spiders) and rolling (some beetles and spiders).", "Animal locomotion __knowledge__ Animals move for a variety of reasons, such as to find food, a mate, a suitable microhabitat, or to escape predators.", "Animal locomotion __knowledge__ For many animals, the ability to move is essential for survival and, as a result, natural selection has shaped the locomotion methods and mechanisms used by moving organisms.", "Fish __knowledge__ Fish are the gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits.", "Fish __knowledge__ They form a sister group to the tunicates, together forming the olfactores.", "Fish __knowledge__ Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups.", "Fish __knowledge__ Tetrapods emerged within lobe-finned fishes, so cladistically they are fish as well.", "Fish __knowledge__ However, traditionally fish are rendered paraphyletic by excluding the tetrapods (i.e., the amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals which all descended from within the same ancestry).", "Fish __knowledge__ Because in this manner the term \"fish\" is defined negatively as a paraphyletic group, it is not considered a formal taxonomic grouping in systematic biology.", "Aquaponics __knowledge__ Aquaponics () refers to any system that combines conventional aquaculture (raising aquatic animals such as snails, fish, crayfish or prawns in tanks) with hydroponics (cultivating plants in water) in a symbiotic environment.", "Aquaponics __knowledge__ In normal aquaculture, excretions from the animals being raised can accumulate in the water, increasing toxicity.", "Aquaponics __knowledge__ In an aquaponic system, water from an aquaculture system is fed to a hydroponic system where the by-products are broken down by nitrifying bacteria initially into nitrites and subsequently into nitrates, which are utilized by the plants as nutrients, and the water is then recirculated back to the aquaculture system." ] ]

[ 1, 4, 4, 8 ]

[ "My brother builds aquariums for a living, to keep aquatic plants or animals in to be displayed or as pets.", "Robert Warington actually created the idea for aquariums back in 1850. He explained that plants added to the water would give off oxygen to support the fish.", "You don't have to, but it helps with oxygen. Especially if there are large numbers of fish or aquatic animals.", "You can also go to public aquariums if you like fish, they have them in many cities." ]

[ "Aquarium", "Aquarium", "Aquarium", "Aquarium" ]

[ "Husky", "We have a small dog, mixed breed. I do like huskys.", "Yes and they seem to be a very intelligent dog, as well.", "We have considered a second dog and a husky is an option, but our dog has to approve as well." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Husky __knowledge__ Husky is a general name for a sled-type of dog used in northern regions, differentiated from other sled-dog types by their fast pulling style.", "Husky __knowledge__ They are an ever-changing cross-breed of the fastest dogs.", "Husky __knowledge__ The Alaskan Malamute, by contrast, is \"the largest and most powerful\" sled dog, and was used for heavier loads.", "Husky __knowledge__ Huskies are used in sled dog racing.", "Husky __knowledge__ In recent years, companies have been marketing tourist treks with dog sledges for adventure travelers in snow regions as well.", "Husky __knowledge__ Huskies are also today kept as pets, and groups work to find new pet homes for retired racing and adventure trekking dogs.", "Husky __knowledge__ The word \"husky\" originated from the word referring to Arctic people in general, Eskimos (a.k.a.", "Husky __knowledge__ Inuit), \"...known as 'huskies', a contraction of 'Huskimos', the pronunciation given to the word 'Eskimos' by the English sailors of trading vessels.\"", "Husky __knowledge__ The use of \"husky\" is recorded from 1852 for dogs kept by Inuit people.", "Husky __knowledge__ Nearly all dogs' genetic closeness to the gray wolf is due to admixture.", "Husky __knowledge__ However, several Arctic breeds also show a genetic closeness with the now-extinct Taimyr wolf of North Asia due to admixture: the Siberian Husky and Greenland dog (which are also historically associated with Arctic human populations) and to a lesser extent, the Shar Pei and Finnish spitz." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Husky __knowledge__ Husky is a general name for a sled-type of dog used in northern regions, differentiated from other sled-dog types by their fast pulling style.", "Husky __knowledge__ They are an ever-changing cross-breed of the fastest dogs.", "Husky __knowledge__ The Alaskan Malamute, by contrast, is \"the largest and most powerful\" sled dog, and was used for heavier loads.", "Husky __knowledge__ Huskies are used in sled dog racing.", "Husky __knowledge__ In recent years, companies have been marketing tourist treks with dog sledges for adventure travelers in snow regions as well.", "Husky __knowledge__ Huskies are also today kept as pets, and groups work to find new pet homes for retired racing and adventure trekking dogs.", "Husky __knowledge__ The word \"husky\" originated from the word referring to Arctic people in general, Eskimos (a.k.a.", "Husky __knowledge__ Inuit), \"...known as 'huskies', a contraction of 'Huskimos', the pronunciation given to the word 'Eskimos' by the English sailors of trading vessels.\"", "Husky __knowledge__ The use of \"husky\" is recorded from 1852 for dogs kept by Inuit people.", "Husky __knowledge__ Nearly all dogs' genetic closeness to the gray wolf is due to admixture.", "Husky __knowledge__ However, several Arctic breeds also show a genetic closeness with the now-extinct Taimyr wolf of North Asia due to admixture: the Siberian Husky and Greenland dog (which are also historically associated with Arctic human populations) and to a lesser extent, the Shar Pei and Finnish spitz.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ A mongrel, mixed-breed dog or mutt is a dog that does not belong to one recognized breed and is not the result of intentional breeding.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Estimates place their numbers at 150 million animals worldwide.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Although the term \"mixed-breed dog\" is preferred by some, many mongrels have no known purebred ancestors.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Furthermore, crossbreed dogs, while literally a mix of breeds, differ from mongrels in being intentionally bred.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Although mongrels have at times been considered somehow lesser than intentionally bred dogs, they are thought to be less susceptible to genetic health problems associated with dog breeding (based on the theory of heterosis), and have enthusiasts and defenders who prefer them to intentionally bred dogs.", "Mixed Breed Dog Clubs of America __knowledge__ The Mixed Breed Dog Clubs of America (MBDCA) is a registry for spayed or neutered mixed-breed dogs to enable them to compete in obedience trials and conformation shows.", "Mixed Breed Dog Clubs of America __knowledge__ It also provides rules for competition in tracking, lure coursing, and retriever instinct.", "Mixed Breed Dog Clubs of America __knowledge__ In addition, state affiliates such as the Mixed Breed Dog Club of California provide various local activities.", "Mixed Breed Dog Clubs of America __knowledge__ MBDCA was founded in 1978 in the state of Washington to provide a competitive venue for dogs not recognized by purebred registries such as the American Kennel Club (AKC).", "Mixed Breed Dog Clubs of America __knowledge__ They defined rules under which dogs could compete to earn obedience titles in the same way that most purebred dogs could compete in their purebred clubs.", "Dog breed __knowledge__ Dog breeds are dogs that have relatively uniform physical characteristics developed under controlled conditions by humans, with breeding animals selected for phenotypic traits such as size, coat color, structure, and behavior.", "Dog breed __knowledge__ The Fédération Cynologique Internationale recognizes 337 pure dog breeds.", "Dog breed __knowledge__ Other uses of the term breed when referring to dogs may include pure breeds, cross-breeds, mixed breeds and natural breeds.", "Dog breed __knowledge__ In 2017, a study showed that 9,000 years ago the domestic dog was present at what is now Zhokhov Island, arctic north-eastern Siberia, which was connected to the mainland at that time.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ This is a list of Pound Puppies characters from the television series that ran from 1986 to 1989.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ The animated children's show was based on the popular 1980's stuffed toy line.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ Cooler (Beagle/Bloodhound mix) – Cooler is the leader of the Pound Puppies.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ As his name would imply, Cooler has an outgoing and mellow personality and always keeps his head up even in the most daring situations.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ He also has a witty and sharp sense of humor compared to the other characters in the series, which is also backed up by his goofy Eddie Murphy-styled laugh.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ His battle cry is \"Pound Puppies, let's start pounding!\"", "Purebred dog __knowledge__ A purebred dog typically refers to a dog of a modern dog breed with a documented pedigree in a stud book and may be registered with a breed club that may also be part of a national kennel club.", "Purebred dog __knowledge__ \"Purebred dog\" may also be used in a different manner to refer to dogs of specific dog types and landraces that are not modern breeds.", "Purebred dog __knowledge__ An example is cited by biologist Raymond Coppinger, of an Italian shepherd who keeps only the white puppies from his sheep guardian dog's litters, and culls the rest, because he defines the white ones as purebred.", "Purebred dog __knowledge__ Coppinger says, \"The shepherd's definition of pure is not wrong, it is simply different from mine.\"", "Lucky Ducky (film) __knowledge__ Lucky Ducky is a 1948 American animated cartoon from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.", "Lucky Ducky (film) __knowledge__ It was directed by Tex Avery, animated by Walt Clinton (here credited as Walter Clinton), Preston Blair, Louie Schmitt, and Grant Simmons, and musical direction by Scott Bradley.", "Lucky Ducky (film) __knowledge__ This short was originally in development as a \"George and Junior\" entry, but was ultimately produced with two random dog characters.", "Lucky Ducky (film) __knowledge__ This is the last MGM cartoon in black and white, and this is the only gag in black and white.", "Lucky Ducky (film) __knowledge__ The foreword of the cartoon tells: \"Dedicated\" \"to those duck hunters\" \"who leave at dawn\" \"with loaded gun...\" \"and come home late loaded...\" Many ducks are swimming and flying around a pond.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Pit bull is the common name for a type of dog.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Formal breeds often considered in North America to be of the pit bull type include the American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, American Bully, and Staffordshire Bull Terrier.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ The American Bulldog is also sometimes included.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Many of these breeds were originally developed as fighting dogs from cross breeding bull-baiting dogs (used to hold the faces and heads of larger animals such as bulls) and terriers.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ After the use of dogs in blood sports was banned, such dogs were used as catch dogs in the United States for semi-wild cattle and hogs, to hunt and drive livestock, and as family companions.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ Sled dogs were important for transportation in arctic areas, hauling supplies in areas that were inaccessible by other methods.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ They were used with varying success in the explorations of both poles, as well as during the Alaskan gold rush.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ Sled dog teams delivered mail to rural communities in Alaska and northern Canada.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ Sled dogs today are still used by some rural communities, especially in areas of Alaska and Canada and throughout Greenland.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ They are used for recreational purposes and racing events, such as the Iditarod Trail and the Yukon Quest.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ Sled dogs have been used in Canada, Lapland, Greenland, Siberia, Chukotka, Norway, Finland, and Alaska.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ The Siberian Husky (Russian: Сибирский хаски) is a medium size working dog breed that originated in north-eastern Siberia, Russia.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ The breed belongs to the Spitz genetic family.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ It is recognizable by its thickly furred double coat, erect triangular ears, and distinctive markings.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ The original Siberian Huskies were bred by the Chukchi people whose hunter-gatherer culture relied on their help.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ It is an active, energetic, resilient breed, whose ancestors lived in the extremely cold and harsh environment of the Siberian Arctic.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ William Goosak, a Russian fur trader, introduced them to Nome, Alaska during the Nome Gold Rush, initially as sled dogs.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Dog meat is the flesh and other edible parts derived from dogs.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Historically, human consumption of dog meat has been recorded in many parts of the world, including East and Southeast Asia, West Africa, Europe, Oceania and the Americas.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ In the 21st century, dog meat is consumed in many parts of China, Korea, and Vietnam.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Some cultures view the consumption of dog meat as part of their traditional and day-to-day cuisine, while other cultures consider consumption of dog meat a taboo, although they have been consumed in times of war or other hardships.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ It was estimated in 2014 that worldwide, 25 million dogs are eaten each year by humans.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ The Alaskan husky is not considered a pure breed.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ It is defined only by its purpose, which is that of a highly efficient sled dog.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ The husky is a blend of various Northern breeds, chosen particularly for skills such as pulling.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ Specializations in type exist within the category, such as freighting dogs (Mackenzie River husky, Malamute), sprint Alaskans (Eurohound), and distance Alaskans.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ The Alaskan husky is the sled dog of choice for world-class dog sled racing.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ None of the purebred northern breeds can match it for sheer racing speed.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ Sprint-racing events such as the Fairbanks, Alaska Open North American Championship and the Anchorage Fur Rendezvous are invariably won by teams of Alaskan huskies, or Alaskans crossed with hounds or gun dogs.", "Alaskan Malamute __knowledge__ The Alaskan Malamute is a large breed of domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\") originally bred for hauling heavy freight because of their strength and endurance, and later a sled dog.", "Alaskan Malamute __knowledge__ They are similar to other arctic breeds, such as the Greenland Dog, Canadian Eskimo Dog, the Siberian Husky, and the Samoyed.", "Alaskan Malamute __knowledge__ The first dogs arrived in the Americas 12,000 years ago; however, people and their dogs did not settle in the Arctic until the Paleo-Eskimo people 4,500 years ago and then the Thule people 1,000 years ago, both originating from Siberia.", "Alaskan Malamute __knowledge__ Malamutes were thought to be created by the Malemiut Inupiaq people of Alaska's Norton Sound region, who were a Thule people.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ The Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race is an annual long-distance sled dog race run in early March from Settler's Bay to Nome, which takes place entirely in the US state of Alaska.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ Mushers and a team of 16 dogs, of which at least 5 must be on the towline at the finish line, cover the distance in 8–15 days or more.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ The Iditarod began in 1973 as an event to test the best sled dog mushers and teams but evolved into today's highly competitive race.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ Then a record, the second fastest winning time was recorded in 2016 by Dallas Seavey with a time of 8 days, 11 hours, 20 minutes, and 16 seconds.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ As of 2012, Dallas Seavey was also the youngest musher to win the race at the age of 25." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Husky __knowledge__ Husky is a general name for a sled-type of dog used in northern regions, differentiated from other sled-dog types by their fast pulling style.", "Husky __knowledge__ They are an ever-changing cross-breed of the fastest dogs.", "Husky __knowledge__ The Alaskan Malamute, by contrast, is \"the largest and most powerful\" sled dog, and was used for heavier loads.", "Husky __knowledge__ Huskies are used in sled dog racing.", "Husky __knowledge__ In recent years, companies have been marketing tourist treks with dog sledges for adventure travelers in snow regions as well.", "Husky __knowledge__ Huskies are also today kept as pets, and groups work to find new pet homes for retired racing and adventure trekking dogs.", "Husky __knowledge__ The word \"husky\" originated from the word referring to Arctic people in general, Eskimos (a.k.a.", "Husky __knowledge__ Inuit), \"...known as 'huskies', a contraction of 'Huskimos', the pronunciation given to the word 'Eskimos' by the English sailors of trading vessels.\"", "Husky __knowledge__ The use of \"husky\" is recorded from 1852 for dogs kept by Inuit people.", "Husky __knowledge__ Nearly all dogs' genetic closeness to the gray wolf is due to admixture.", "Husky __knowledge__ However, several Arctic breeds also show a genetic closeness with the now-extinct Taimyr wolf of North Asia due to admixture: the Siberian Husky and Greenland dog (which are also historically associated with Arctic human populations) and to a lesser extent, the Shar Pei and Finnish spitz.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ The Border Collie is a working and herding dog breed developed in the Anglo-Scottish border region for herding livestock, especially sheep.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ It was specifically bred for intelligence and obedience.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Considered highly intelligent, extremely energetic, acrobatic and athletic, they frequently compete with great success in sheepdog trials and dog sports.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ They are often cited as the most intelligent of all domestic dogs.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Border Collies continue to be employed in their traditional work of herding livestock throughout the world.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ In general, Border Collies are medium-sized dogs with a moderate amount of coat, which is most often thick and sheds often.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The poodle is a group of formal dog breeds, the Standard Poodle, Miniature Poodle and Toy Poodle.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The origins of the poodles are still discussed with a dispute over whether the poodle descends from the old French Barbet breed or from Germany as a type of water dog.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Ranked second most intelligent dog breed just behind the Border Collie, the poodle is skillful in many dog sports and activities, including agility, obedience, tracking to herding, circus performers or assistance dogs.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Poodles have taken top honors in many conformation shows, including \"Best in Show\" at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1991 and 2002, and at the World Dog Show in 2007 and 2010.", "Dobermann __knowledge__ The Dobermann to most of the world (), or Doberman Pinscher as it is known in the United States and Canada, is a medium-large breed of domestic dog originally developed around 1890 by Karl Friedrich Louis Dobermann, a tax collector from Germany.", "Dobermann __knowledge__ The Dobermann has a long muzzle and stands on its toes (not the pads) and is not usually heavy-footed.", "Dobermann __knowledge__ Ideally, they have an even and graceful gait.", "Dobermann __knowledge__ Traditionally, the ears are cropped and posted and the tail is docked.", "Dobermann __knowledge__ However, in some countries it is illegal to do so.", "Dobermann __knowledge__ Dobermanns have markings on the chest, paws/legs, muzzle, above the eyes, and underneath the tail.", "German Shorthaired Pointer __knowledge__ The German Shorthaired Pointer (GSP) is a medium to large sized breed of dog developed in the 19th century in Germany for hunting.", "German Shorthaired Pointer __knowledge__ A versatile hunting breed, being an all-purpose gun breed of dog suitable for both land and water, it is streamlined yet powerful with strong legs that make it able to move rapidly and turn quickly.", "German Shorthaired Pointer __knowledge__ It has moderately long floppy ears set high on the head.", "German Shorthaired Pointer __knowledge__ Its muzzle is long, broad, and strong, allowing it to retrieve even heavy game.", "German Shorthaired Pointer __knowledge__ The dog's profile should be straight or strongly Roman nosed; any dished appearance to the profile is incorrect.", "German Shorthaired Pointer __knowledge__ The eyes are generally brown, with darker eyes being desirable; yellow or \"bird of prey\" eyes are a fault.", "Karmatron __knowledge__ Karmatrón y los Transformables (Karmatron and the Transformables) is a Mexican science fiction and fantasy comic book created by Oscar González Loyo, and published in 1986 by CEPSA.", "Karmatron __knowledge__ The weekly series was published only in Mexico, non-stop and during 5 years, from 1986 to 1991 (#298).", "Karmatron __knowledge__ The comic is considered one of the first Mexican sci-fi super robot \"manga\" and is notable because of its once-per-week publication schedule, something uncommon at its time of release.", "Karmatron __knowledge__ \"Karmatron\" depicts the adventures of an extraterrestrial humanoid called Zacek (\"White Star\" in Maya language), emperor of the alien Zuyua people and also a Kundalini warrior that an ancient prophecy announced to be the one who could restore the balance between light and darkness in the universe.", "List of Preacher characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the comic book series \"Preacher\", created by Garth Ennis and Steve Dillon.", "List of Preacher characters __knowledge__ Jesse Custer is a small-town reverend who becomes fused with a powerful entity named Genesis, giving him the ability to cause people to obey whatever he commands.", "List of Preacher characters __knowledge__ Using this power, he begins a journey of discovery and revenge across America, with the aim of forcing God to answer to His creation for His sins.", "List of Preacher characters __knowledge__ Standing in Custer's way is a secret religious military organization mysteriously known as The Grail, as well as Custer's own twisted family.", "List of Preacher characters __knowledge__ When his soul becomes merged with the angel-demon entity Genesis, its powers, the sum of which are greater than God's, are focused into what Jesse Custer refers to as \"The Word of God.\"", "Korean Jindo __knowledge__ The Korean Jindo (진돗개) is a breed of hunting dog that originated on Jindo Island in South Korea.", "Korean Jindo __knowledge__ Brought to the United States with South Korean expatriates, it is celebrated in its native land for its fierce loyalty and brave nature.", "Korean Jindo __knowledge__ The Jindo breed became recognized by the United Kennel Club on January 1, 1998 and by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in 2005.", "Korean Jindo __knowledge__ Jindos are double-coated spitz-type dogs.", "Korean Jindo __knowledge__ The Jindo Gae is the National Breed of Korea.", "Korean Jindo __knowledge__ Distinguishing the Jindo breed from mixes and other breeds is often done by close examination of cranial and facial features and by analyzing the proportion of the head to the body.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ Sled dogs were important for transportation in arctic areas, hauling supplies in areas that were inaccessible by other methods.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ They were used with varying success in the explorations of both poles, as well as during the Alaskan gold rush.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ Sled dog teams delivered mail to rural communities in Alaska and northern Canada.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ Sled dogs today are still used by some rural communities, especially in areas of Alaska and Canada and throughout Greenland.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ They are used for recreational purposes and racing events, such as the Iditarod Trail and the Yukon Quest.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ Sled dogs have been used in Canada, Lapland, Greenland, Siberia, Chukotka, Norway, Finland, and Alaska.", "Yukon Quest __knowledge__ The Yukon Quest 1,000-mile International Sled Dog Race, or simply Yukon Quest, is a sled dog race run every February between Fairbanks, Alaska, and Whitehorse, Yukon.", "Yukon Quest __knowledge__ Because of the harsh winter conditions, difficult trail, and the limited support that competitors are allowed, it is considered the \"most difficult sled dog race in the world\", or even the \"toughest race in the world\".", "Yukon Quest __knowledge__ In the competition, first run in 1984, a dog team leader (called a musher) and a team of 6 to 14 dogs race for 10 to 20 days.", "Yukon Quest __knowledge__ The course follows the route of the historic 1890s Klondike Gold Rush, mail delivery, and transportation routes between Fairbanks, Dawson City, and Whitehorse.", "List of sled dog races __knowledge__ The list of sled dog races contains dozens of contests created by supporters of mushing, the sport of racing sled dogs.", "List of sled dog races __knowledge__ It is unknown when the first sled dog race was held.", "List of sled dog races __knowledge__ Humans have domesticated dogs for thousands of years, and sled dogs have been used for transportation in Arctic areas for almost as long.", "List of sled dog races __knowledge__ The first sled dog race to feature a codified set of rules was the All-Alaska Sweepstakes, which first took place in 1908.", "List of sled dog races __knowledge__ This was followed in 1917 by the American Dog Derby, which was the first sled dog race outside Alaska or the Yukon.", "List of sled dog races __knowledge__ In 1932, sled dog racing was a demonstration sport at the 1932 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York, but was not included in future games.", "Mushing __knowledge__ Mushing is a sport or transport method powered by dogs.", "Mushing __knowledge__ It includes carting, pulka, dog scootering, sled dog racing, skijoring, freighting, and weight pulling.", "Mushing __knowledge__ More specifically, it implies the use of one or more dogs to pull a sled on snow or a rig on dry land.", "Mushing __knowledge__ France was the first European power established in the Canadian Shield; accordingly, the coureurs des bois and the voyageurs of New France used the French word \"\"Marche!", "Mushing __knowledge__ \"\", meaning \"go\" or \"run\", to command to the team to commence pulling.", "Mushing __knowledge__ \"\"Marche!\"\"", "Mushing __knowledge__ became \"\"Mush!\"\"", "Mushing __knowledge__ for English Canadians.", "Mushing __knowledge__ \"Mush!\"", "Mushing __knowledge__ is rarely used in modern parlance.", "Mushing __knowledge__ The practice of using dogs to pull sleds dates back to at least 2000 BC.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ The Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race is an annual long-distance sled dog race run in early March from Settler's Bay to Nome, which takes place entirely in the US state of Alaska.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ Mushers and a team of 16 dogs, of which at least 5 must be on the towline at the finish line, cover the distance in 8–15 days or more.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ The Iditarod began in 1973 as an event to test the best sled dog mushers and teams but evolved into today's highly competitive race.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ Then a record, the second fastest winning time was recorded in 2016 by Dallas Seavey with a time of 8 days, 11 hours, 20 minutes, and 16 seconds.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ As of 2012, Dallas Seavey was also the youngest musher to win the race at the age of 25.", "Jamaica Dogsled Team __knowledge__ The Jamaica Dogsled Team is a team of sled dogs and mushers (sled dog racers) headquartered at Chukka Caribbean Adventures in Ocho Rios, located in Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica.", "Jamaica Dogsled Team __knowledge__ The dog team is made up of strays rescued by the Jamaica Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and offers dryland dogsled rides, along with the adventure center's other outdoor experiences.", "Jamaica Dogsled Team __knowledge__ In addition, the two mushers Newton Marshall and Damion Robb, compete in sled races throughout the US and Canada, using leased dog teams.", "Jamaica Dogsled Team __knowledge__ (Jamaican dogs taken out of the country are not allowed to return due to quarantine regulations.)", "1925 serum run to Nome __knowledge__ The 1925 serum run to Nome, also known as the Great Race of Mercy, was a transport of diphtheria antitoxin by dog sled relay across the U.S. territory of Alaska by 20 mushers and about 150 sled dogs in five and a half days, saving the small town of Nome and the surrounding communities from an incipient epidemic.", "1925 serum run to Nome __knowledge__ Both the mushers and their dogs were portrayed as heroes in the newly popular medium of radio, and received headline coverage in newspapers across the United States.", "1925 serum run to Nome __knowledge__ Balto, the lead sled dog on the final stretch into Nome, became the most famous canine celebrity of the era after Rin Tin Tin, and his statue is a popular tourist attraction in New York City's Central Park." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Husky __knowledge__ Husky is a general name for a sled-type of dog used in northern regions, differentiated from other sled-dog types by their fast pulling style.", "Husky __knowledge__ They are an ever-changing cross-breed of the fastest dogs.", "Husky __knowledge__ The Alaskan Malamute, by contrast, is \"the largest and most powerful\" sled dog, and was used for heavier loads.", "Husky __knowledge__ Huskies are used in sled dog racing.", "Husky __knowledge__ In recent years, companies have been marketing tourist treks with dog sledges for adventure travelers in snow regions as well.", "Husky __knowledge__ Huskies are also today kept as pets, and groups work to find new pet homes for retired racing and adventure trekking dogs.", "Husky __knowledge__ The word \"husky\" originated from the word referring to Arctic people in general, Eskimos (a.k.a.", "Husky __knowledge__ Inuit), \"...known as 'huskies', a contraction of 'Huskimos', the pronunciation given to the word 'Eskimos' by the English sailors of trading vessels.\"", "Husky __knowledge__ The use of \"husky\" is recorded from 1852 for dogs kept by Inuit people.", "Husky __knowledge__ Nearly all dogs' genetic closeness to the gray wolf is due to admixture.", "Husky __knowledge__ However, several Arctic breeds also show a genetic closeness with the now-extinct Taimyr wolf of North Asia due to admixture: the Siberian Husky and Greenland dog (which are also historically associated with Arctic human populations) and to a lesser extent, the Shar Pei and Finnish spitz.", "Labrador Husky __knowledge__ The Labrador Husky is a specific purebred dog.", "Labrador Husky __knowledge__ It is commonly mistaken for a Husky-Lab mix but in fact, it is its own breed.", "Labrador Husky __knowledge__ The Labrador Husky was originally brought to Labrador, Canada in the 1300s by the Inuit People.", "Labrador Husky __knowledge__ Its main purpose was to help the Inuit people survive in a highly demanding environment.", "Labrador Husky __knowledge__ To do so, the Labrador Husky was trained to pull sleds that transported goods.", "Labrador Husky __knowledge__ Labrador Huskies are known to be large but gentle dogs.", "Labrador Husky __knowledge__ The breed can grow to be bigger than the more commonly known Siberian Husky weighing in at 60-100 pounds.", "Labrador Husky __knowledge__ This dog was domesticated by families to serve as a family pet.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ The Siberian Husky (Russian: Сибирский хаски) is a medium size working dog breed that originated in north-eastern Siberia, Russia.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ The breed belongs to the Spitz genetic family.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ It is recognizable by its thickly furred double coat, erect triangular ears, and distinctive markings.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ The original Siberian Huskies were bred by the Chukchi people whose hunter-gatherer culture relied on their help.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ It is an active, energetic, resilient breed, whose ancestors lived in the extremely cold and harsh environment of the Siberian Arctic.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ William Goosak, a Russian fur trader, introduced them to Nome, Alaska during the Nome Gold Rush, initially as sled dogs.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ The Alaskan husky is not considered a pure breed.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ It is defined only by its purpose, which is that of a highly efficient sled dog.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ The husky is a blend of various Northern breeds, chosen particularly for skills such as pulling.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ Specializations in type exist within the category, such as freighting dogs (Mackenzie River husky, Malamute), sprint Alaskans (Eurohound), and distance Alaskans.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ The Alaskan husky is the sled dog of choice for world-class dog sled racing.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ None of the purebred northern breeds can match it for sheer racing speed.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ Sprint-racing events such as the Fairbanks, Alaska Open North American Championship and the Anchorage Fur Rendezvous are invariably won by teams of Alaskan huskies, or Alaskans crossed with hounds or gun dogs.", "USS Lynx (AK-100) __knowledge__ USS \"Lynx\" (AK-100) was a commissioned by the US Navy for service in World War II.", "USS Lynx (AK-100) __knowledge__ \"Lynx\" was the third US Navy vessel to bear the name, but unlike previous ships this one was named after the constellation Lynx.", "USS Lynx (AK-100) __knowledge__ She was responsible for delivering troops, goods and equipment to locations in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater.", "USS Lynx (AK-100) __knowledge__ \"Lynx\" was laid down 26 April 1943, under a Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MC hull No.", "USS Lynx (AK-100) __knowledge__ 1657, as the Liberty ship SS \"Juan Bautista de Anza\", by California Shipbuilding Corporation, Terminal Island, Los Angeles, California; launched 18 May 1943; sponsored by Mrs. E. E. McCarty; renamed \"Lynx\" 27 May 1943; and commissioned 26 July 1943, Commander Leander Jeffrey, D-V(G), USNR, in command.", "Dog watch __knowledge__ Dog watch, in marine or naval terminology, is a watch, a period of work duty or a work shift, between 16:00 and 20:00 (4 pm and 8 pm).", "Dog watch __knowledge__ This period is split into two, with the 'first' dog watch from 16:00 to 18:00 (4 pm to 6 pm) and the 'last' dog watch from 18:00 to 20:00 (6 pm to 8 pm).", "Dog watch __knowledge__ Each of these watches is half the length of a standard watch.", "Dog watch __knowledge__ The last dog watch is also referred to as the second dog watch in some sources.", "Dog watch __knowledge__ For instance Jack London in \"The Sea Wolf\", chapter 6: \"(rest) I can steal near the end of the second dog watch\".", "Dog watch __knowledge__ The Admiralty Manual of Seamanship from 1913 also refers to the first and second dog watches.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ Sled dogs were important for transportation in arctic areas, hauling supplies in areas that were inaccessible by other methods.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ They were used with varying success in the explorations of both poles, as well as during the Alaskan gold rush.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ Sled dog teams delivered mail to rural communities in Alaska and northern Canada.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ Sled dogs today are still used by some rural communities, especially in areas of Alaska and Canada and throughout Greenland.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ They are used for recreational purposes and racing events, such as the Iditarod Trail and the Yukon Quest.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ Sled dogs have been used in Canada, Lapland, Greenland, Siberia, Chukotka, Norway, Finland, and Alaska.", "1925 serum run to Nome __knowledge__ The 1925 serum run to Nome, also known as the Great Race of Mercy, was a transport of diphtheria antitoxin by dog sled relay across the U.S. territory of Alaska by 20 mushers and about 150 sled dogs in five and a half days, saving the small town of Nome and the surrounding communities from an incipient epidemic.", "1925 serum run to Nome __knowledge__ Both the mushers and their dogs were portrayed as heroes in the newly popular medium of radio, and received headline coverage in newspapers across the United States.", "1925 serum run to Nome __knowledge__ Balto, the lead sled dog on the final stretch into Nome, became the most famous canine celebrity of the era after Rin Tin Tin, and his statue is a popular tourist attraction in New York City's Central Park.", "Yukon Quest __knowledge__ The Yukon Quest 1,000-mile International Sled Dog Race, or simply Yukon Quest, is a sled dog race run every February between Fairbanks, Alaska, and Whitehorse, Yukon.", "Yukon Quest __knowledge__ Because of the harsh winter conditions, difficult trail, and the limited support that competitors are allowed, it is considered the \"most difficult sled dog race in the world\", or even the \"toughest race in the world\".", "Yukon Quest __knowledge__ In the competition, first run in 1984, a dog team leader (called a musher) and a team of 6 to 14 dogs race for 10 to 20 days.", "Yukon Quest __knowledge__ The course follows the route of the historic 1890s Klondike Gold Rush, mail delivery, and transportation routes between Fairbanks, Dawson City, and Whitehorse.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ The Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race is an annual long-distance sled dog race run in early March from Settler's Bay to Nome, which takes place entirely in the US state of Alaska.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ Mushers and a team of 16 dogs, of which at least 5 must be on the towline at the finish line, cover the distance in 8–15 days or more.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ The Iditarod began in 1973 as an event to test the best sled dog mushers and teams but evolved into today's highly competitive race.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ Then a record, the second fastest winning time was recorded in 2016 by Dallas Seavey with a time of 8 days, 11 hours, 20 minutes, and 16 seconds.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ As of 2012, Dallas Seavey was also the youngest musher to win the race at the age of 25.", "Mushing __knowledge__ Mushing is a sport or transport method powered by dogs.", "Mushing __knowledge__ It includes carting, pulka, dog scootering, sled dog racing, skijoring, freighting, and weight pulling.", "Mushing __knowledge__ More specifically, it implies the use of one or more dogs to pull a sled on snow or a rig on dry land.", "Mushing __knowledge__ France was the first European power established in the Canadian Shield; accordingly, the coureurs des bois and the voyageurs of New France used the French word \"\"Marche!", "Mushing __knowledge__ \"\", meaning \"go\" or \"run\", to command to the team to commence pulling.", "Mushing __knowledge__ \"\"Marche!\"\"", "Mushing __knowledge__ became \"\"Mush!\"\"", "Mushing __knowledge__ for English Canadians.", "Mushing __knowledge__ \"Mush!\"", "Mushing __knowledge__ is rarely used in modern parlance.", "Mushing __knowledge__ The practice of using dogs to pull sleds dates back to at least 2000 BC.", "Alaska __knowledge__ Alaska () is a U.S. state located in the northwest extremity of North America.", "Alaska __knowledge__ The Canadian administrative divisions of British Columbia and Yukon border the state to the east, its most extreme western part is Attu Island, and it has a maritime border with Russia to the west across the Bering Strait.", "Alaska __knowledge__ To the north are the Chukchi and Beaufort seas–the southern parts of the Arctic Ocean.", "Alaska __knowledge__ The Pacific Ocean lies to the south and southwest.", "Alaska __knowledge__ It is the largest state in the United States by area and the seventh largest subnational division in the world.", "Alaska __knowledge__ In addition, it is the 3rd least populous and the most sparsely populated of the 50 United States; nevertheless, it is by far the most populous territory located mostly north of the 60th parallel in North America, its population (the total estimated at 738,432 by the U.S. Census Bureau in 2015) more than quadrupling the combined populations of Northern Canada and Greenland." ] ]

[ 1, 4, 51, 24 ]

[ "I have a husky as a pet. They were bred as sled dogs used in Northern regions.", "Huskies are also sled dogs for sled dog races.", "They are. Sled dogs actually also deliver mail to rural communities in Northern Canada and Alaska.", "Well the Siberian Husky is an energetic, active, and resilient breed." ]

[ "Husky", "Husky", "Husky", "Husky" ]

[ "Justin Bieber", "Yes that is something we can agree on he is talented what has he been doing lately I know growing up the younger crowd loved him. ", "Yes quit some time I remember his song Baby Baby Baby and that came out in 2010 such a long time ago." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Justin Drew Bieber (; born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian singer and songwriter.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ After a talent manager discovered him through his YouTube videos covering songs in 2008 and signed to RBMG, Bieber released his debut EP, \"My World\", in late 2009.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ It was certified platinum in the U.S.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ He became the first artist to have seven songs from a debut record chart on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Bieber released his first full-length studio album, \"My World 2.0\", in 2010.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ It debuted at or near number one in several countries, was certified triple platinum in the U.S., and contained his single \"Baby\".", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Following his debut album, he had his first headlining tour, the My World Tour, released the remix albums \"My Worlds Acoustic\" and \"Never Say Never – The Remixes\"—and the 3D biopic-concert film \"\".", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ He released his second studio album, \"Under the Mistletoe\", in November 2011, when it debuted at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Bieber released his third studio album, \"Believe,\" in 2012.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Its single \"Boyfriend\" reached number one in Canada.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ His fourth studio album \"Purpose\" was released in November 2015, spawning three number one singles: \"What Do You Mean?", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ \", \"Sorry\", and \"Love Yourself\".", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Following the release of \"Purpose\", Bieber was featured on several successful collaborations, including \"Cold Water\", \"Let Me Love You\", \"Despacito (Remix)\", and \"I'm the One\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Justin Drew Bieber (; born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian singer and songwriter.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ After a talent manager discovered him through his YouTube videos covering songs in 2008 and signed to RBMG, Bieber released his debut EP, \"My World\", in late 2009.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ It was certified platinum in the U.S.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ He became the first artist to have seven songs from a debut record chart on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Bieber released his first full-length studio album, \"My World 2.0\", in 2010.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ It debuted at or near number one in several countries, was certified triple platinum in the U.S., and contained his single \"Baby\".", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Following his debut album, he had his first headlining tour, the My World Tour, released the remix albums \"My Worlds Acoustic\" and \"Never Say Never – The Remixes\"—and the 3D biopic-concert film \"\".", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ He released his second studio album, \"Under the Mistletoe\", in November 2011, when it debuted at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Bieber released his third studio album, \"Believe,\" in 2012.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Its single \"Boyfriend\" reached number one in Canada.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ His fourth studio album \"Purpose\" was released in November 2015, spawning three number one singles: \"What Do You Mean?", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ \", \"Sorry\", and \"Love Yourself\".", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Following the release of \"Purpose\", Bieber was featured on several successful collaborations, including \"Cold Water\", \"Let Me Love You\", \"Despacito (Remix)\", and \"I'm the One\".", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ \"Glee\" is a musical comedy-drama television series that aired on Fox in the United States for six seasons from 2009 to 2015.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ It focuses on the high school glee club New Directions competing on the show choir competition circuit, while its members deal with relationships, sexuality and social issues.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ The initial main cast encompassed club director and Spanish (later History) teacher Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch), guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays), Will's wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig), and eight club members played by Dianna Agron, Chris Colfer, Kevin McHale, Lea Michele, Cory Monteith, Amber Riley, Mark Salling and Jenna Ushkowitz.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ One Tree Hill is an American television series created by Mark Schwahn for The WB in 2003.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ After its third season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which then became the broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ Schwahn served as executive producer while also writing and directing for the show, including the premieres and finales of all seasons.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ The show began with nine main characters in its first season.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ After that, characters from that first season left the show, with new main characters having been both written in and out of the series.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ Originally, it followed two half-brothers Lucas and Nathan Scott who started out as enemies but later formed a close bond as brothers.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of The Elenium and The Tamuli characters __knowledge__ Below is a list of fictional characters appearing in \"The Elenium\" and \"The Tamuli\", fantasy series written by David Eddings.", "List of The Elenium and The Tamuli characters __knowledge__ Sparhawk is the main character in the Elenium and Tamuli series.", "List of The Elenium and The Tamuli characters __knowledge__ He is a Pandion Knight and Champion of Queen Ehlana.", "List of The Elenium and The Tamuli characters __knowledge__ He marries Queen Ehlana and they have a child called Danae, who is the child goddess Aphrael in human form.", "List of The Elenium and The Tamuli characters __knowledge__ Sephrenia is the Styric instructor of the spells of Styricum, also known as the \"secrets\", to the Pandion Knights.", "List of The Elenium and The Tamuli characters __knowledge__ She is also the high priestess of Aphrael, the Child-Goddess, as well as being the older sister of one of Aphrael's incarnations, and a companion of Sparhawk.", "List of Game of Thrones characters __knowledge__ The characters from the American medieval fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\" are based on their respective counterparts from author George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series of novels.", "List of Game of Thrones characters __knowledge__ Set in a fictional universe that has been referred to so far as \"The Known World,\" the series follows a civil war for the Iron Throne of the continent of Westeros, fought between the rival royal and noble families and their respective supporters.", "List of Game of Thrones characters __knowledge__ The following cast members have been credited as main cast in the opening credits: Additionally the following cast members have appeared in 10 or more episodes of the show while maintaining a 'recurring' status: Ned Stark (season 1, 6-7) portrayed by Sean Bean in season 1 as an adult, and by Sebastian Croft in season 6 as a child, and Robert Aramayo in season 6 and 7 as a young adult.", "Celine Dion __knowledge__ Céline Marie Claudette Dion, (; ; born 30 March 1968) is a Canadian singer and businesswoman.", "Celine Dion __knowledge__ Born into a large family from Charlemagne, Quebec, Dion emerged as a teen star in the French-speaking world after her manager and future husband René Angélil mortgaged his home to finance her first record.", "Celine Dion __knowledge__ Dion first gained international recognition in the 1980s by winning both the 1982 Yamaha World Popular Song Festival and the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest where she represented Switzerland.", "Celine Dion __knowledge__ Following a series of French albums during the 1980s, she signed on to Epic Records in the United States.", "Celine Dion __knowledge__ In 1990, Dion released her debut English-language album, \"Unison\", establishing herself as a viable pop artist in North America and other English-speaking areas of the world.", "Suraiya __knowledge__ Suraiya Jamaal Sheikh (15 June 1929 – 31 January 2004), popularly known as Suraiya, was an Indian Punjabi Muslim Hindi/Hindustani film actress and playback singer in Bollywood from the 1940s to the early 1960s, who remained unmarried throughout her life, after her love affair with actor Dev Anand was aborted by her maternal grandmother.", "Suraiya __knowledge__ She was the most popular singing star of the Indian sub-continent of her generation.", "Suraiya __knowledge__ Until 1943, as a child singer, Suraiya did playback singing for one actress, namely Mehtab, in three films, and also in some of her own films for her roles as a child artiste.", "Suraiya __knowledge__ After this, she only sang for her own films as an actress, and acted as a heroine from 1946 until the end of her career in 1963.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Bob Dylan (; born Robert Allen Zimmerman, May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, author, and painter, who has been an influential figure in popular music and culture for more than five decades.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when he became a reluctant \"voice of a generation\" with songs such as \"Blowin' in the Wind\" and \"The Times They Are a-Changin'\" that became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ In 1965, he controversially abandoned his early fan-base in the American folk music revival, recording a six-minute single, \"Like a Rolling Stone\", which enlarged the scope of popular music.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ \"Neighbours\" is an Australian television soap opera.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ It was first broadcast on 18 March 1985 and currently airs on digital channel Eleven.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the soap in 2012, by order of first appearance.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ Until May, characters were introduced by the soap's executive producer, Susan Bower.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ Thereafter, they were introduced by her successor, Richard Jasek.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ The 28th season of \"Neighbours\" began airing on 9 January 2012.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ Four piece indie band William and the Tells made their debut as Red Cotton in the same month, while Toby Wallace made his debut as Corey O'Donahue.", "Phoebe Nicholson __knowledge__ Phoebe Nicholson is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Home and Away\", played by Isabella Giovinazzo.", "Phoebe Nicholson __knowledge__ The actress auditioned for the role in Sydney and relocated to the city after winning the role.", "Phoebe Nicholson __knowledge__ Her casting was announced a few days before her first appearance.", "Phoebe Nicholson __knowledge__ The part of Phoebe marks Giovinazzo's first acting job and she commented that she was having fun developing her character.", "Phoebe Nicholson __knowledge__ She made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 26 November 2013.", "Phoebe Nicholson __knowledge__ Phoebe is portrayed as a feisty, strong, positive, singer and songwriter from Melbourne.", "Phoebe Nicholson __knowledge__ Phoebe was introduced in the 2013 finale, as the former girlfriend of established character Kyle Braxton.", "List of Monsters, Inc. characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the Pixar media franchise \"Monsters, Inc.\" consisting of the 2001 film \"Monsters, Inc.\" and the 2013 film \"Monsters University\".", "List of Monsters, Inc. characters __knowledge__ The monster characters reside in the city of Monstropolis.", "List of Monsters, Inc. characters __knowledge__ According to a DVD bonus feature, Monstropolis was founded after all of the monsters who once co-existed with humans were all chased off the mainland and eventually moved to an island on an unknown world where they have lived ever since.", "List of Monsters, Inc. characters __knowledge__ The only way for them to enter human-inhabited areas was via closet doors.", "List of Monsters, Inc. characters __knowledge__ The company Monsters, Inc. provides Monstropolis with power from the screams of human children that have been scared by specialized agents who work for Monsters, Inc. called \"scarers\".", "Decorah Bald Eagles __knowledge__ The Decorah Bald Eagles (also known as Decorah Eagles or variations) is a website featuring a live-streaming webcam trained on a bald eagle nest and family in Decorah, Iowa.", "Decorah Bald Eagles __knowledge__ The Raptor Resource Project installed and runs the live stream for research purposes.- Filmed in real time, the parents can be seen delivering a variety of freshly caught prey, feeding the eaglets, and protecting them from predators and harsh weather.", "Decorah Bald Eagles __knowledge__ With the help of infrared lighting, the nest is viewable around the clock during the nesting season, which typically begins in January or February, with fledge in June.", "Decorah Bald Eagles __knowledge__ The Decorah Eagles became an Internet phenomenon and the most viewed live-stream of all time when the website reached 250 million views on Ustream in 2011, with roughly 2.4 million views per day." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Justin Drew Bieber (; born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian singer and songwriter.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ After a talent manager discovered him through his YouTube videos covering songs in 2008 and signed to RBMG, Bieber released his debut EP, \"My World\", in late 2009.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ It was certified platinum in the U.S.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ He became the first artist to have seven songs from a debut record chart on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Bieber released his first full-length studio album, \"My World 2.0\", in 2010.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ It debuted at or near number one in several countries, was certified triple platinum in the U.S., and contained his single \"Baby\".", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Following his debut album, he had his first headlining tour, the My World Tour, released the remix albums \"My Worlds Acoustic\" and \"Never Say Never – The Remixes\"—and the 3D biopic-concert film \"\".", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ He released his second studio album, \"Under the Mistletoe\", in November 2011, when it debuted at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Bieber released his third studio album, \"Believe,\" in 2012.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Its single \"Boyfriend\" reached number one in Canada.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ His fourth studio album \"Purpose\" was released in November 2015, spawning three number one singles: \"What Do You Mean?", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ \", \"Sorry\", and \"Love Yourself\".", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Following the release of \"Purpose\", Bieber was featured on several successful collaborations, including \"Cold Water\", \"Let Me Love You\", \"Despacito (Remix)\", and \"I'm the One\".", "Baby Baby (Amy Grant song) __knowledge__ \"Baby Baby\" is a pop song by American recording artist Amy Grant and it was issued as the first single from her 1991 album \"Heart in Motion\".", "Baby Baby (Amy Grant song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Keith Thomas and Grant.", "Baby Baby (Amy Grant song) __knowledge__ It was released on January 18, 1991 through A&M Records and topped the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for two consecutive weeks in April 1991, becoming the first in a string of hits from \"Heart in Motion\".", "Baby Baby (Amy Grant song) __knowledge__ The music was written by Keith Thomas.", "Baby Baby (Amy Grant song) __knowledge__ Grant always knew the song would be a smash hit, and was begging Thomas to sing the song.", "Baby Baby (Amy Grant song) __knowledge__ He agreed with the only condition that the song's title must be \"Baby Baby\".", "Baby Baby (Amy Grant song) __knowledge__ Grant had a hard time writing the lyrics, because her early attempts to write a romantic-sounding lyric to a song with such title came off sounding like \"some overgrown football jock with no vocabulary trying desperately to be romantic\".", "Amy Grant __knowledge__ Amy Lee Grant (born November 25, 1960) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, author and media personality.", "Amy Grant __knowledge__ She is known for performing contemporary Christian music (CCM) and for a successful crossover to pop music in the 1980s and 1990s.", "Amy Grant __knowledge__ She has been referred to as \"The Queen of Christian Pop\".", "Amy Grant __knowledge__ , she had sold more than 30 million albums worldwide, won six Grammy Awards and 22 Gospel Music Association Dove Awards, and had the first Christian album ever to go Platinum.", "Amy Grant __knowledge__ She was honored with a star on Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2006 for her contributions to the entertainment industry.", "Amy Grant __knowledge__ She made her debut as a teenager, and gained fame in Christian music during the 1980s with such hits as \"Father's Eyes\", \"El Shaddai\", and \"Angels\".", "Ooo Baby Baby __knowledge__ \"Ooo Baby Baby\" is a song written by Smokey Robinson and Pete Moore.", "Ooo Baby Baby __knowledge__ It is a classic 1965 hit single by The Miracles for the Tamla (Motown) label.", "Ooo Baby Baby __knowledge__ It achieved its greatest commercial success when Linda Ronstadt covered it in 1978 where she reached number 7 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart.", "Ooo Baby Baby __knowledge__ The song has inspired numerous other cover versions by other artists over the years, including covers by Ella Fitzgerald, Todd Rundgren, the Five Stairsteps, and many others.", "Ooo Baby Baby __knowledge__ Written by Robinson and fellow Miracle Pete Moore and produced by Robinson, \"Ooo Baby Baby\" was a number 4 hit on the \"Billboard\" R&B singles chart and reached number 16 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "The Miracles __knowledge__ The Miracles (also known as Smokey Robinson and the Miracles from 1965 to 1972) were an American rhythm and blues vocal group that was the first successful recording act for Berry Gordy's Motown Records, and one of the most important and influential groups in pop, rock and roll, and R&B music history.", "The Miracles __knowledge__ Formed in 1955 by Smokey Robinson, Warren \"Pete\" Moore, and Ronnie White, the group started off as the Five Chimes, changing their name to the Matadors two years later.", "The Miracles __knowledge__ The group then settled on the Miracles after the inclusion of Claudette Robinson in 1958.", "The Miracles __knowledge__ The most notable Miracles line-up included the Robinsons, Moore, White, Bobby Rogers and Marv Tarplin.", "Baby Baby (Girls' Generation song) __knowledge__ \"Baby Baby\" is the fourth single from album \"Girls' Generation\" and later became a title track of its repackaged version with the same name by South Korean girl group Girls' Generation.", "Baby Baby (Girls' Generation song) __knowledge__ It was released on March 17, 2008 through SM Entertainment.", "Baby Baby (Girls' Generation song) __knowledge__ It was the lead single of the repackage of \"Girls' Generation\", titled \"Baby Baby\" who was released on March 17, 2008.", "Baby Baby (Girls' Generation song) __knowledge__ The album was released in two versions, each edition features the same contents, however the cover art used for one of them was used as back cover for the other one, and the other way around.", "Baby Baby (Girls' Generation song) __knowledge__ A MV for \"Baby Baby\" was released as well, containing scenes of the Making of video of the Girls' Generation MV, and footage of the girls working on their first album.", "Sweet Baby (band) __knowledge__ Sweet Baby (originally known as Sweet Baby Jesus) was a pop punk band that originated from Berkeley, California, and was part of the 924 Gilman Street scene.", "Sweet Baby (band) __knowledge__ They were signed to Ruby Records.", "Sweet Baby (band) __knowledge__ Formed in 1986 by singer Dallas Denery and singer/guitarist Matt Buenrostro with Crispy Jim (later of The Saddlebacks) on bass and Dr. Frank (the frontman of The Mr. T Experience) on drums.", "Sweet Baby (band) __knowledge__ Frank and Crispy Jim did not appear on any Sweet Baby recordings, having been already replaced by Sergie Loobkoff (Samiam, Knapsack) and Richie Bucher (Jüke, Wynona Ryders), respectively.", "Sweet Baby (band) __knowledge__ Aaron Elliott aka Aaron Cometbus also played drums for them on their 1989 US tour.", "Exit : E __knowledge__ EXIT : E is the first extended play, and the second musical release of South Korean group Winner.", "Exit : E __knowledge__ It was released on February 1, 2016, 18 months after their debut album 2014 S/S back in 2014.", "Exit : E __knowledge__ As with their first album, the members contributed heavily to the songwriting and production aspects of \"EXIT : E\".", "Exit : E __knowledge__ The album was also WINNER's last with member Nam Tae-hyun, who left the group on 25 November 2016.", "Exit : E __knowledge__ The album physical sales sold over 64.000 copies in Korea.", "Exit : E __knowledge__ The majority of the album was produced by the members themselves, much like in their full-length album \"2014 S/S\", though with limited contribution from leader Seungyoon.", "Justin Bieber: Never Say Never __knowledge__ Justin Bieber: Never Say Never is a 2011 American 3-D concert film centering on singer Justin Bieber.", "Justin Bieber: Never Say Never __knowledge__ It was released in the United States on February 11, 2011 and grossed $99 million worldwide.", "Justin Bieber: Never Say Never __knowledge__ A sequel was released on December 25, 2013, entitled \"Justin Bieber's Believe\".", "Justin Bieber: Never Say Never __knowledge__ The film follows the pop star Justin Bieber during 10 days counting down to what is considered his biggest performance, that of August 31, 2010 in Madison Square Garden, which sold out in 22 minutes.", "Justin Bieber: Never Say Never __knowledge__ It shows footage of the performances during this period from his My World Tour.", "Justin Bieber: Never Say Never __knowledge__ It shows excited female fans, and several instances of the \"One Less Lonely Girl\" routine of inviting a girl on stage for him to serenade and give flowers to, and of surprising random girls with free tickets to his concerts.", "Despacito __knowledge__ \"Despacito\" (; English: \"Slowly\") is a single by Puerto Rican singer Luis Fonsi featuring Puerto Rican rapper Daddy Yankee from Fonsi's upcoming studio album.", "Despacito __knowledge__ On January 12, 2017, Universal Music Latin released \"Despacito\" and its music video, which shows both artists performing the song in La Perla neighborhood of Old San Juan, Puerto Rico and the local bar La Factoría.", "Despacito __knowledge__ The song was written by Fonsi, Erika Ender, and Daddy Yankee, and was produced by Mauricio Rengifo and Andrés Torres.", "Despacito __knowledge__ A remix version featuring Canadian singer Justin Bieber was released on April 17, 2017, which helped to improve the song's chart performance in numerous countries, particularly in the English-speaking world.", "Where Are Ü Now __knowledge__ \"Where Are Ü Now\" is a song produced by American EDM artists Skrillex and Diplo under their collaborative effort Jack Ü, with vocals from Canadian singer Justin Bieber.", "Where Are Ü Now __knowledge__ The song was released as the second single from the duo's debut studio album, \"Skrillex and Diplo Present Jack Ü\" (2015), on their respective labels OWSLA and Mad Decent, and is also included on Bieber's fourth studio album \"Purpose\" (2015).", "Where Are Ü Now __knowledge__ It was released simultaneously with the album on February 27, 2015, later sent to mainstream radio on April 21, 2015.", "Where Are Ü Now __knowledge__ Initially, a demo was written by Bieber as a piano ballad titled \"The Most\", however Bieber decided to send the track to the duo, who transformed the track into electronic dance music, but maintained the original lyrics.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ \"Sorry\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album, \"Purpose\" (2015).", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ Written by Bieber, Julia Michaels, Justin Tranter, Sonny Moore, and Michael Tucker; the song was produced by Skrillex and BloodPop.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ It was released on October 23, 2015, as the second single from the album.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ A dancehall-pop and tropical house song, \"Sorry\" contains in its instrumentation \"brassy horn bleats\", warm island rhythms and a dembow riddim beat.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ Lyrically, \"Sorry\" is a plea for a chance to apologize to a lover, with Bieber asking forgiveness and a second chance to redeem himself.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ The song allegedly samples \"Ring The Bell\" by White Hinterland.", "Purpose (Justin Bieber album) __knowledge__ Purpose is the fourth studio album by Canadian singer and songwriter Justin Bieber.", "Purpose (Justin Bieber album) __knowledge__ It was released on November 13, 2015 by Def Jam Recordings and School Boy Records.", "Purpose (Justin Bieber album) __knowledge__ It serves as the follow-up to Bieber's third studio album \"Believe\" (2012), and it was developed after the release of his collection \"Journals\" (2013), which saw him in a more R&B direction.", "Purpose (Justin Bieber album) __knowledge__ The album was created over a period of two years, in which Bieber struggled to find a musical direction for recording, scrapping each of these tracks many times.", "Purpose (Justin Bieber album) __knowledge__ The album features guest vocals from Travis Scott, Big Sean and Halsey, and production help from Skrillex and Diplo.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ Usher Raymond IV (born October 14, 1978), is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and actor.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He was born in Dallas, Texas, but raised in Chattanooga, Tennessee until moving to Atlanta, Georgia.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ At the age of 12, his mother put him in local singing competitions, before catching the attention of a music A&R from LaFace Records.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ In 1994, he released his self-titled debut album, \"Usher\".", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He rose to fame in the late 1990s with the release of his second album \"My Way\" (1997), which spawned his first U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number-one single, \"Nice & Slow\", amongst top-two singles \"You Make Me Wanna...\" and \"My Way\"." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 2 ]

[ "Justin Beiber has been a popular musician for quite a while now, not a huge fan tho. But he is a talented singer and songwriter.", "Yep Justin Bieber was born 1994 so he isnt old at all but hes been around for so long.", "Yep and to think justin was just some cover artist on youtube just 2 years before in 2008." ]

[ "Justin Bieber", "Justin Bieber", "Justin Bieber" ]

[ "Culture of Chicago\nI want to visit Chicago and learn a little more about the culture of this city. Have you been there?", "I love music and the idea of experiencing such diverse genres. What else could I see in Chicago?", "Architecture is a big interest of mine. Does Chicago have any great structures to see?", "Yum! Well I would definitely want to try some of all of that:)" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ The culture of Chicago, Illinois is known for the invention or significant advancement of several performing arts, including improvisational comedy, house music, blues, hip hop, gospel, jazz, and soul.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ The city is known for its Chicago School and Prairie School architecture.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ It continues to cultivate a strong tradition of classical music, popular music, dance, and performing arts, rooted in Western civilization, as well as other traditions carried forward by its African-American, Asian-American, European American, Hispanic American, and Native American citizens.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ The city is additionally known for various popular culinary dishes, including deep-dish pizza, the Chicago-style hot dog and the Italian beef sandwich.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago lays claim to a large number of regional specialties that reflect the city's ethnic and working-class roots.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ Included among these are its nationally renowned deep-dish pizza; this style is said to have originated at Pizzeria Uno.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ The Chicago-style thin crust is also popular in the city.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ A number of well-known chefs have had restaurants in Chicago, including Charlie Trotter, Rick Tramonto, Grant Achatz, and Rick Bayless.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ In 2003, \"Robb Report\" named Chicago the country's \"most exceptional dining destination\" and in 2008, \"Maxim\" awarded Chicago the title of \"Tastiest City.\"", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ The history of Poles in the United States dates to the American Colonial era.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ Poles have lived in present-day United States territories for over 400 years—since 1608.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ There are 10 million Americans of Polish descent in the U.S. today, making it the largest diaspora of Poles in the world.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ Polish Americans have always been the largest group of Slavic origin in the United States.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ Historians divide Polish American immigration into three \"waves\", the largest from 1870 to 1914, a second after World War II, and a third after Poland's independence in 1989.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ Most Polish Americans are descended from the first wave, when millions of Poles fled Polish districts of Germany, Russia, and Austria.", "Mircea Eliade __knowledge__ Mircea Eliade (; – April 22, 1986) was a Romanian historian of religion, fiction writer, philosopher, and professor at the University of Chicago.", "Mircea Eliade __knowledge__ He was a leading interpreter of religious experience, who established paradigms in religious studies that persist to this day.", "Mircea Eliade __knowledge__ His theory that \"hierophanies\" form the basis of religion, splitting the human experience of reality into sacred and profane space and time, has proved influential.", "Mircea Eliade __knowledge__ One of his most influential contributions to religious studies was his theory of \"Eternal Return\", which holds that myths and rituals do not simply commemorate hierophanies, but, at least to the minds of the religious, actually participate in them.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Honour medal of railroads __knowledge__ The Honour medal of railroads () is a state decoration bestowed by the French Republic in the form of an honour medal for work.", "Honour medal of railroads __knowledge__ It was originally meant to reward, depending on the quality and length of time calculated in calendar years, the services rendered by French agents and labourers and to nationals of the French Union or protectorates, in service with the railroads.", "Honour medal of railroads __knowledge__ The Honour medal of railroads was created by decree on 19 August 1913 as a reward for thirty years of service.", "Honour medal of railroads __knowledge__ Since then, many modifications were instituted by consecutive decrees amending the original text.", "Honour medal of railroads __knowledge__ The Honour medal of railroads used to be awarded to salaried labourers, French nationals or citizens of another state of the European Community, in service or having served with the railroads at the national or local level in continental France, Corsica or in an overseas department, or detached abroad.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 1980 and December 1989.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ Julia Newman first appeared in February 1980 along with Victor Newman (Eric Braeden).", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ She was portrayed by Meg Bennett until 1981, with reprise appearances from 1982 to 1984, 1986 to 1987, and lastly from March 1 to September 3, 2002.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ History On June 13, 1970, Julia and businessman Victor Newman (Eric Braeden) were married.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ Ten years later, she and Victor moved to Genoa City so that he could help run Chancellor Industries for Katherine Chancellor (Jeanne Cooper).", "Metra __knowledge__ Metra is a commuter railroad in the Chicago metropolitan area.", "Metra __knowledge__ The railroad operates 242 stations on 11 different rail lines.", "Metra __knowledge__ It is the fourth busiest commuter rail system in the United States by ridership and the largest and busiest commuter rail system outside the New York City metropolitan area.", "Metra __knowledge__ There were 83.4 million passenger rides in 2014, up 1.3% from the previous year.", "Metra __knowledge__ The estimated busiest day for Metra ridership occurred on November 4, 2016—the day of the Chicago Cubs 2016 World Series victory rally.", "Metra __knowledge__ Using Chicago's rail infrastructure, much of which was created in the 19th century, the Illinois General Assembly established the RTA, and later Metra, to serve commuters by rail.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ The culture of Chicago, Illinois is known for the invention or significant advancement of several performing arts, including improvisational comedy, house music, blues, hip hop, gospel, jazz, and soul.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ The city is known for its Chicago School and Prairie School architecture.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ It continues to cultivate a strong tradition of classical music, popular music, dance, and performing arts, rooted in Western civilization, as well as other traditions carried forward by its African-American, Asian-American, European American, Hispanic American, and Native American citizens.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ The city is additionally known for various popular culinary dishes, including deep-dish pizza, the Chicago-style hot dog and the Italian beef sandwich.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago lays claim to a large number of regional specialties that reflect the city's ethnic and working-class roots.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ Included among these are its nationally renowned deep-dish pizza; this style is said to have originated at Pizzeria Uno.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ The Chicago-style thin crust is also popular in the city.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ A number of well-known chefs have had restaurants in Chicago, including Charlie Trotter, Rick Tramonto, Grant Achatz, and Rick Bayless.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ In 2003, \"Robb Report\" named Chicago the country's \"most exceptional dining destination\" and in 2008, \"Maxim\" awarded Chicago the title of \"Tastiest City.\"", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ Linda Maria Ronstadt (born July 15, 1946) is an American popular music singer known for singing in a wide range of genres including rock, country, jazz, light opera, and Latin.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ She has earned 11 Grammy Awards, three American Music Awards, two Academy of Country Music awards, an Emmy Award, and an ALMA Award, and many of her albums have been certified gold, platinum or multiplatinum in the United States and internationally.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ She has also earned nominations for a Tony Award and a Golden Globe award.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ On July 28, 2014, she was awarded the National Medal of Arts and Humanities.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ Ethnomusicology is the study of music from the cultural and social aspects of the people who make it.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ It encompasses distinct theoretical and methodical approaches that emphasize cultural, social, material, cognitive, biological, and other dimensions or contexts of musical behavior, instead of only its isolated sound component.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ The term \"ethnomusicology\" is said to have been first coined by Jaap Kunst from the Greek words ἔθνος (\"ethnos\", \"nation\") and μουσική (\"mousike\", \"music\"), is often defined as the anthropology or ethnography of music, or as musical anthropology.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ During its early development from comparative musicology in the 1950s, ethnomusicology was primarily oriented toward non-Western music, but for several decades has included the study of all and any musics of the world (including Western art music and popular music) from anthropological, sociological and intercultural perspectives.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ The music of Cuba, including its instruments, performance and dance, comprises a large set of unique traditions influenced mostly by west African and European (especially Spanish) music.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Due to the syncretic nature of most of its genres, Cuban music is often considered one of the richest and most influential regional musics of the world.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ For instance, the son cubano merges an adapted Spanish guitar (tres), melody, harmony, and lyrical traditions with Afro-Cuban percussion and rhythms.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Almost nothing remains of the original native traditions, since the native population was exterminated in the 16th century.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ The BBC Television Shakespeare is a series of British television adaptations of the plays of William Shakespeare, created by Cedric Messina and broadcast by BBC Television.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Transmitted in the UK from 3 December 1978 to 27 April 1985, the series spanned seven seasons and thirty-seven episodes.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Development began in 1975 when Messina saw that the grounds of Glamis Castle would make a perfect location for an adaptation of Shakespeare's \"As You Like It\" for the \"Play of the Month\" series.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Upon returning to London, however, he had come to envision an entire series devoted exclusively to the dramatic works of Shakespeare.", "Music of Puerto Rico __knowledge__ The music of Puerto Rico has evolved as a heterogeneous and dynamic product of diverse cultural resources.", "Music of Puerto Rico __knowledge__ The most conspicuous musical sources have been Spain and West Africa, although many aspects of Puerto Rican music reflect origins elsewhere in Europe and the Caribbean and, in the last century, the USA.", "Music of Puerto Rico __knowledge__ Puerto Rican music culture today comprises a wide and rich variety of genres, ranging from essentially indigenous genres like bomba to recent hybrids like reggaeton.", "Music of Puerto Rico __knowledge__ Broadly conceived, the realm of \"Puerto Rican music\" should naturally comprise the music culture of the millions of people of Puerto Rican descent who have lived in the USA, and especially in New York City.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "Frank Zappa __knowledge__ Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21, 1940 – December 4, 1993) was an American musician, composer, activist and filmmaker.", "Frank Zappa __knowledge__ His work is characterized by nonconformity, free-form improvisation, sound experiments, musical virtuosity, and satire of American culture.", "Frank Zappa __knowledge__ In a career spanning more than 30 years, Zappa composed rock, pop, jazz, jazz fusion, orchestral and \"musique concrète\" works, and produced almost all of the 60-plus albums that he released with his band the Mothers of Invention and as a solo artist.", "Frank Zappa __knowledge__ Zappa also directed feature-length films and music videos, and designed album covers.", "Frank Zappa __knowledge__ He is considered one of the most innovative and stylistically diverse rock musicians of his era.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Hip hop music, also called hip-hop or rap music, is a music genre developed in the United States by inner-city African Americans in the 1970s which consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records (or synthesized beats and sounds), and rhythmic beatboxing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ While often used to refer solely to rapping, \"hip hop\" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop or hip-hop is a subculture and art movement developed in The Bronx in New York City during the late 1970s.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ The origins of the word are often disputed.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Some believe that the word was invented by Keith Cowboy of The Furious Five.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Others believe it was a derogatory name for the people who practise the art and wear the relative clothing.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ It is also argued as to whether hip hop started in the South or West Bronx.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ While the term \"hip hop\" is often used to refer exclusively to hip hop music (also called \"rap\"), hip hop is characterized by nine elements, however only four elements are considered most necessary to understand hip-hop musically.", "Popular music of Birmingham __knowledge__ Birmingham's culture of popular music first developed in the mid-1950s.", "Popular music of Birmingham __knowledge__ By the early 1960s the city's music scene had emerged as one of the largest and most vibrant in the country; a \"seething cauldron of musical activity\", with over 500 bands constantly exchanging members and performing regularly across a well-developed network of venues and promoters.", "Popular music of Birmingham __knowledge__ By 1963 the city's music was also already becoming recognised for what would become its defining characteristic: the refusal of its musicians to conform to any single style or genre.", "Popular music of Birmingham __knowledge__ Birmingham's tradition of combining a highly collaborative culture with an open acceptance of individualism and experimentation dates back as far back as the 18th century, and musically this has expressed itself in the wide variety of music produced within the city, often by closely related groups of musicians, from the \"rampant eclecticism\" of the Brum beat era, to the city's \"infamously fragmented\" post-punk scene, to the \"astonishing range\" of distinctive and radical electronic music produced in the city from the 1980s to the early 21st century.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The music of the United States reflects the country's multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ It is a mixture of music influenced by West African, Irish, Scottish and mainland European among others.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The country's most internationally renowned genres are jazz, blues, country, bluegrass, rock, rhythm and blues, soul, ragtime, hip hop, barbershop, pop, experimental, techno, house, dance, boogaloo, salsa, and rock and roll.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The United States has the world's largest music market with a total retail value of 4,898.3 million dollars in 2014, and its music is heard around the world.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained a near global audience.", "Music of New York City __knowledge__ The music of New York City is a diverse and important field in the world of music.", "Music of New York City __knowledge__ It has long been a thriving home for popular genres such as jazz, rock, and the blues, as well as classical and art music.", "Music of New York City __knowledge__ It is the birthplace of hip hop, freestyle, doo wop, bebop, disco, punk rock, and new wave.", "Music of New York City __knowledge__ It's also the birthplace of salsa music, born from a fusion of Cuban and Puerto Rican influences that came together in New York's Latino neighborhoods in the 1960s.", "Music of New York City __knowledge__ The city's culture, a melting pot of nations from around the world, has produced vital folk music scenes such as Irish-American music and Jewish klezmer.", "American popular music __knowledge__ American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world.", "American popular music __knowledge__ The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture, including ragtime, blues, jazz, swing, rock, bluegrass, country, R&B, doo wop, gospel, soul, funk, heavy metal, punk, disco, house, techno, salsa, grunge and hip hop.", "American popular music __knowledge__ In addition, the American music industry is quite diverse, supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco, klezmer and slack-key.", "American popular music __knowledge__ Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century, and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music, using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ The culture of Chicago, Illinois is known for the invention or significant advancement of several performing arts, including improvisational comedy, house music, blues, hip hop, gospel, jazz, and soul.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ The city is known for its Chicago School and Prairie School architecture.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ It continues to cultivate a strong tradition of classical music, popular music, dance, and performing arts, rooted in Western civilization, as well as other traditions carried forward by its African-American, Asian-American, European American, Hispanic American, and Native American citizens.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ The city is additionally known for various popular culinary dishes, including deep-dish pizza, the Chicago-style hot dog and the Italian beef sandwich.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago lays claim to a large number of regional specialties that reflect the city's ethnic and working-class roots.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ Included among these are its nationally renowned deep-dish pizza; this style is said to have originated at Pizzeria Uno.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ The Chicago-style thin crust is also popular in the city.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ A number of well-known chefs have had restaurants in Chicago, including Charlie Trotter, Rick Tramonto, Grant Achatz, and Rick Bayless.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ In 2003, \"Robb Report\" named Chicago the country's \"most exceptional dining destination\" and in 2008, \"Maxim\" awarded Chicago the title of \"Tastiest City.\"", "Iron County MRA __knowledge__ The Iron County MRA is a Multiple Resource Area addition to the National Register of Historic Places, which includes 72 separate structures and historic districts within Iron County, Michigan, United States of America.", "Iron County MRA __knowledge__ These properties were identified and placed on the Register in 1983, with the exception of one property that was placed on the Register in 1993.", "Iron County MRA __knowledge__ Iron County, originally part of Marquette County, was first surveyed in 1851.", "Iron County MRA __knowledge__ At that time, the area was populated almost exclusively by Native Americans from the Menominee and Ojibwe tribes.", "Iron County MRA __knowledge__ Although the original 1851 survey of the county noted the presence of iron ore, European settlers began arriving in numbers in 1875, prospecting for iron ore.", "Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016 __knowledge__ The 2016 presidential campaign of Donald Trump was formally launched on June 16, 2015, at Trump Tower in New York City.", "Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016 __knowledge__ Trump was the Republican nominee for President of the United States in the 2016 election, having won the most state primaries, caucuses, and delegates at the 2016 Republican National Convention.", "Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016 __knowledge__ He chose Mike Pence, the sitting Governor of Indiana, as his vice presidential running mate.", "Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016 __knowledge__ On November 8, 2016, Trump and Pence were elected president and vice president of the United States.", "Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016 __knowledge__ Trump's populist positions in opposition to illegal immigration and various trade agreements, such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership, earned him support especially among voters who were male, white, blue-collar and those without college degrees.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Maria Callas, Commendatore OMRI (; December 2, 1923 – September 16, 1977), was a Greek-American soprano, and one of the most renowned and influential opera singers of the 20th century.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Many critics praised her \"bel canto\" technique, wide-ranging voice and dramatic interpretations.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her repertoire ranged from classical \"opera seria\" to the \"bel canto\" operas of Donizetti, Bellini and Rossini and further, to the works of Verdi and Puccini; and, in her early career, to the music dramas of Wagner.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her musical and dramatic talents led to her being hailed as \"La Divina\".", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Born in New York City and raised by an overbearing mother, she received her musical education in Greece and established her career in Italy.", "Campus Martius __knowledge__ The Campus Martius (Latin for the \"Field of Mars\", Italian \"Campo Marzio\"), was a publicly owned area of ancient Rome about in extent.", "Campus Martius __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, it was the most populous area of Rome.", "Campus Martius __knowledge__ The IV rione of Rome, Campo Marzio, which covers a smaller section of the original area, bears the same name.", "Campus Martius __knowledge__ According to Rome's foundation myth, prior to the founding of the city, Rhea Silvia, the mother of Romulus and Remus, had her twin sons, Romulus and Remus, taken by the King of Alba Longa.", "Campus Martius __knowledge__ The boys were later discarded in the swelling Tiber River, which would later run along the Campus’ western boundary.", "Early skyscrapers __knowledge__ The early skyscrapers were a range of tall, commercial buildings built between 1884 and 1939, predominantly in the American cities of New York City and Chicago.", "Early skyscrapers __knowledge__ Cities in the United States were traditionally made up of low-rise buildings, but significant economic growth after the Civil War and increasingly intensive use of urban land encouraged the development of taller buildings beginning in the 1870s.", "Early skyscrapers __knowledge__ Technological improvements enabled the construction of fireproofed iron-framed structures with deep foundations, equipped with new inventions such as the elevator and electric lighting.", "Early skyscrapers __knowledge__ These made it both technically and commercially viable to build a new class of taller buildings, the first of which, Chicago's tall Home Insurance Building, opened in 1885.", "History of architecture __knowledge__ The history of architecture traces the changes in architecture through various traditions, regions, overarching stylistic trends, and dates.", "History of architecture __knowledge__ The branches of architecture are civil, sacred, naval, military, and landscape architecture.", "History of architecture __knowledge__ Neolithic architecture is the architecture of the Neolithic period.", "History of architecture __knowledge__ In Southwest Asia, Neolithic cultures appear soon after 10,000 BC, initially in the Levant (Pre-Pottery Neolithic A and Pre-Pottery Neolithic B) and from there spread eastwards and westwards.", "History of architecture __knowledge__ There are early Neolithic cultures in Southeast Anatolia, Syria and Iraq by 8000 BC, and food-producing societies first appear in southeast Europe by 7000 BC, and Central Europe by c. 5500 BC (of which the earliest cultural complexes include the Starčevo-Koros (Cris), Linearbandkeramic, and Vinča).", "Robert Seyfarth __knowledge__ Robert Seyfarth ( ) was an American architect based in Chicago, Illinois.", "Robert Seyfarth __knowledge__ He spent the formative years of his professional career working for the noted Prairie School architect George Washington Maher.", "Robert Seyfarth __knowledge__ A member of the influential Chicago Architectural Club, Seyfarth was a product of the Chicago School of Architecture.", "Robert Seyfarth __knowledge__ Although his early independent projects directly reflected Maher’s stylistic influences, as his own style developed Seyfarth’s work became distinguished more as a distillation of prevailing revivalist architecture, characterized not by the frequent devotion to detail that typified the movement but by strong geometry, a highly refined sense of proportion, and the selective, discriminating use of historical references.", "Hartington City Hall and Auditorium __knowledge__ The Hartington City Hall and Auditorium, also known as the Hartington Municipal Building, is a city-owned, brick-clad, 2-story center in Hartington, Nebraska.", "Hartington City Hall and Auditorium __knowledge__ It was designed between 1921 and 1923 in the Prairie School style by architect William L. Steele (1875–1949).", "Hartington City Hall and Auditorium __knowledge__ Prairie School architecture is rare, and this rural Nebraska specimen is particularly unusual for being designed and built in the 1920s, subsequent to the Prairie Style’s rapid loss of popularity after 1914.", "Hartington City Hall and Auditorium __knowledge__ The building originally housed city offices, a fire house, an armory, and an auditorium.", "Hartington City Hall and Auditorium __knowledge__ It is currently used for events, meetings, sports, recreation, and social functions.", "Prairie School __knowledge__ Prairie School was a late 19th- and early 20th-century architectural style, most common to the Midwestern United States.", "Prairie School __knowledge__ The style is usually marked by horizontal lines, flat or hipped roofs with broad overhanging eaves, windows grouped in horizontal bands, integration with the landscape, solid construction, craftsmanship, and discipline in the use of ornament.", "Prairie School __knowledge__ Horizontal lines were thought to evoke and relate to the native prairie landscape.", "Prairie School __knowledge__ The term \"Prairie School\" was not actually used by these architects to describe themselves (for instance, Marion Mahony used the phrase \"The Chicago Group\"); the term was coined by H. Allen Brooks, one of the first architectural historians to write extensively about these architects and their work.", "Frank Lloyd Wright __knowledge__ Frank Lloyd Wright (born Frank Lincoln Wright, June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, interior designer, writer and educator, who designed more than 1,000 structures, 532 of which were completed.", "Frank Lloyd Wright __knowledge__ Wright believed in designing structures that were in harmony with humanity and its environment, a philosophy he called organic architecture.", "Frank Lloyd Wright __knowledge__ This philosophy was best exemplified by Fallingwater (1935), which has been called \"the best all-time work of American architecture\".", "Frank Lloyd Wright __knowledge__ His creative period spanned more than 70 years.", "Frank Lloyd Wright __knowledge__ Wright was the pioneer of what came to be called the Prairie School movement of architecture and he also developed the concept of the Usonian home in Broadacre City, his unique vision for urban planning in the United States.", "Taliesin (studio) __knowledge__ Taliesin , sometimes known as Taliesin East, Taliesin Spring Green, or Taliesin North after 1937, was the estate of American architect Frank Lloyd Wright.", "Taliesin (studio) __knowledge__ Located south of the village of Spring Green in Iowa County, Wisconsin, United States, the property was developed on land that originally belonged to Wright's maternal family.", "Taliesin (studio) __knowledge__ Wright designed the Taliesin structure two years after leaving his first wife and home in Oak Park, Illinois with a mistress, Mamah Borthwick.", "Taliesin (studio) __knowledge__ The design of the original building was consistent with the design principles of the Prairie School, emulating the flatness of the plains and the natural limestone outcroppings of Wisconsin's Driftless Area.", "Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago ( or ), officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States.", "Chicago __knowledge__ With over 2.7 million residents, it is also the most populous city in both the state of Illinois and the Midwestern United States.", "Chicago __knowledge__ It is the county seat of Cook County.", "Chicago __knowledge__ The Chicago metropolitan area, often referred to as Chicagoland, has nearly 10 million people and is the third-largest in the United States.", "Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago has often been called a global architecture capital and is considered one of the most important business centers in the world.", "Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837 near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed and grew rapidly in the mid-nineteenth century." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ The culture of Chicago, Illinois is known for the invention or significant advancement of several performing arts, including improvisational comedy, house music, blues, hip hop, gospel, jazz, and soul.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ The city is known for its Chicago School and Prairie School architecture.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ It continues to cultivate a strong tradition of classical music, popular music, dance, and performing arts, rooted in Western civilization, as well as other traditions carried forward by its African-American, Asian-American, European American, Hispanic American, and Native American citizens.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ The city is additionally known for various popular culinary dishes, including deep-dish pizza, the Chicago-style hot dog and the Italian beef sandwich.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago lays claim to a large number of regional specialties that reflect the city's ethnic and working-class roots.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ Included among these are its nationally renowned deep-dish pizza; this style is said to have originated at Pizzeria Uno.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ The Chicago-style thin crust is also popular in the city.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ A number of well-known chefs have had restaurants in Chicago, including Charlie Trotter, Rick Tramonto, Grant Achatz, and Rick Bayless.", "Culture of Chicago __knowledge__ In 2003, \"Robb Report\" named Chicago the country's \"most exceptional dining destination\" and in 2008, \"Maxim\" awarded Chicago the title of \"Tastiest City.\"", "The Mikado __knowledge__ The Mikado; or, The Town of Titipu is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert, their ninth of fourteen operatic collaborations.", "The Mikado __knowledge__ It opened on 14 March 1885, in London, where it ran at the Savoy Theatre for 672 performances, which was the second longest run for any work of musical theatre and one of the longest runs of any theatre piece up to that time.", "The Mikado __knowledge__ Before the end of 1885, it was estimated that, in Europe and America, at least 150 companies were producing the opera.", "The Mikado __knowledge__ \"The Mikado\" remains the most frequently performed Savoy Opera, and it is especially popular with amateur and school productions.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ The Thief and the Cobbler is an animated fantasy film directed, co-written and co-produced by Canadian animator Richard Williams.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ The film is known for its long, troubled history.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ Due to independent funding and complex animation, \"The Thief and the Cobbler\" was in and out of production for over three decades.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ It was finally placed into full production in 1988 when Warner Bros. agreed to finance and distribute the film.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ Negotiations broke down when production went over budget and behind schedule.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ Warner Bros. pulled out and a completion bond company assumed control of the film.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ The film was re-edited and re-structured by producer Fred Calvert without Williams' involvement, and released in Australia and South Africa as The Princess and the Cobbler in 1993; two years later, Miramax Films, at the time a subsidiary of Disney, released an even more heavily edited version of the film in North America under the title Arabian Knight.", "Siti Nurhaliza __knowledge__ Dato' Sri, or occasionally Datin Sri, Siti Nurhaliza binti Tarudin (Jawi: سيتي نورهاليزا بنت تارودين ; IPA: ; born 11 January 1979) is a Malaysian singer and businesswoman.", "Siti Nurhaliza __knowledge__ To date, she has garnered more than 200 local and international awards.", "Siti Nurhaliza __knowledge__ She made her debut after she won a popular local singing competition show Bintang HMI in 1995 when she was only 16.", "Siti Nurhaliza __knowledge__ Her debut single, \"Jerat Percintaan\", won the 11th Anugerah Juara Lagu and another two awards for Best Performance and Best Ballad.", "Siti Nurhaliza __knowledge__ The album itself as of 2005, has been sold to a total of more than 800,000 units in Malaysia alone.", "Siti Nurhaliza __knowledge__ In her career she has recorded and sung in multiple languages, including Malaysian, Javanese, English, Mandarin, Arabic, Urdu and Japanese.", "Yellow Dog Updater, Modified __knowledge__ The Yellowdog Updater, Modified (YUM) is a libre and open-source command-line package-management utility for computers running the GNU/Linux operating system using the RPM Package Manager.", "Yellow Dog Updater, Modified __knowledge__ Though YUM has a command-line interface, several other tools provide graphical user interfaces to YUM functionality.", "Yellow Dog Updater, Modified __knowledge__ YUM allows automatic updates, package and dependency management, on RPM-based distributions.", "Yellow Dog Updater, Modified __knowledge__ Like the Advanced Package Tool (APT) from Debian, YUM works with software repositories (collections of packages), which can be accessed locally or over a network connection.", "Yellow Dog Updater, Modified __knowledge__ Under the hood, YUM depends on RPM, which is a packaging standard for digital distribution of software, which automatically uses hashes and digisigs to verify the authorship and integrity of said software; unlike some app stores, which serve a similar function, neither YUM nor RPM provide built-in support for proprietary restrictions on copying of packages by endusers.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ Yum!", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., or Yum!", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ and formerly Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc., is an American fast food company.", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ A Fortune 500 corporation, Yum!", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ operates the brands Taco Bell, KFC, Pizza Hut, and WingStreet worldwide, except in China, where the brands are operated by a separate company, Yum China.", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ Prior to 2011, Yum!", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ owned Long John Silver's and A&W Restaurants.", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ Based in Louisville, Kentucky, it is one of the world's largest fast food restaurant companies in terms of system units—with 43,617 restaurants (including 2,859 that are company-owned and 40,758 that are franchised) around the world in over 135 countries and territories.", "KFC __knowledge__ KFC, until 1991 known as Kentucky Fried Chicken, is an American fast food restaurant chain that specializes in fried chicken.", "KFC __knowledge__ Headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, it is the world's second-largest restaurant chain (as measured by sales) after McDonald's, with almost 20,000 locations globally in 123 countries and territories .", "KFC __knowledge__ The chain is a subsidiary of Yum!", "KFC __knowledge__ Brands, a restaurant company that also owns the Pizza Hut and Taco Bell chains.", "KFC __knowledge__ KFC was founded by Colonel Harland Sanders, an entrepreneur who began selling fried chicken from his roadside restaurant in Corbin, Kentucky during the Great Depression.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Midwestern cuisine is a regional cuisine of the American Midwest.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It draws its culinary roots most significantly from the cuisines of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, and Native North America, and is influenced by regionally and locally grown foodstuffs and cultural diversity.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Everyday Midwestern home cooking generally showcases simple and hearty dishes that make use of the abundance of locally grown foods.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Its culinary profiles may seem synonymous with \"American food.\"", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Quoted in a 2007 interview with the \"Daily Herald\", Chef Stephen Langlois, a pioneer in the Midwestern local food movement, described it: \"Think of Thanksgiving dinner.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ This is a listing of regional variations on the hot dog.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Different areas of the world have local variations on the type of meat used, condiments, and means of preparation, which are enumerated below.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Hot dogs are very popular throughout the United States.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Many regional variations exist.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Hot dogs made with caribou meat added are sold as \"reindeer dogs\" throughout Alaska.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ The Sonoran hot dog is popular in Tucson, Phoenix, and elsewhere in southern Arizona, as well as in the neighboring Mexican state of Sonora.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ It is a hot dog wrapped in mesquite-smoked bacon, cooked on a grill or on a griddle or comal, then topped with pinto beans, onions, tomatoes, mayonnaise, mustard and jalapeño salsa or sauce, and served on a bolillo roll, often with a side of fresh-roasted chili pepper.", "Italian beef __knowledge__ An Italian beef is a sandwich, originating in Chicago, composed of thin slices of seasoned roast beef, simmered and served au jus (known by locals as 'gravy') on a long Italian-style roll.", "Italian beef __knowledge__ The sandwich's history dates back at least to the 1930s.", "Italian beef __knowledge__ The bread itself is, at the diner's preference, often dipped (or double-dipped) into the au jus the meat is cooked in, and the sandwich is typically topped off with Chicago-style giardiniera (called \"hot\") or sauteed, green Italian sweet peppers (called \"sweet\").", "Italian beef __knowledge__ Italian beef sandwiches are commonly found at many area hot dog stands, pizzerias and Italian-American restaurants in northeastern Illinois, southeast Wisconsin (notably Kenosha), Northwest Indiana, Fort Wayne, and Indianapolis.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago ( or ), officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States.", "Chicago __knowledge__ With over 2.7 million residents, it is also the most populous city in both the state of Illinois and the Midwestern United States.", "Chicago __knowledge__ It is the county seat of Cook County.", "Chicago __knowledge__ The Chicago metropolitan area, often referred to as Chicagoland, has nearly 10 million people and is the third-largest in the United States.", "Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago has often been called a global architecture capital and is considered one of the most important business centers in the world.", "Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837 near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed and grew rapidly in the mid-nineteenth century.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"" ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 8 ]

[ "Yes, It is great place. The culture of Chicago is known for the invention or significant advancement of several performing arts, including improvisational comedy, house music, blues, hip hop, gospel, jazz, and soul.", "There is also Chicago School and Prairie School architecture", "No but it has various popular culinary dishes, including deep-dish pizza, the Chicago-style hot dog and the Italian beef sandwich.", "Also some well-known chefs have had restaurants in Chicago, including Charlie Trotter, Rick Tramonto, Grant Achatz, and Rick Bayless." ]

[ "Culture of Chicago", "Culture of Chicago", "Culture of Chicago", "Culture of Chicago" ]

[ "Rancid (band)", "Don't know much about them. They're a punk band, yes?", "Hmm. Berkeley is a really cool town. Are the band members from there?", "That's great. Most bands ditch the independents once they become successful. How many members are in the band?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Rancid is an American punk rock band formed in Berkeley, California in 1991.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Founded by 1980s punk veterans Tim Armstrong, and Matt Freeman, who previously played in the highly influential ska punk band Operation Ivy, Rancid is often credited (along with Green Day and The Offspring) for reviving mainstream interest in punk rock in the United States and bringing punk rock into the mainstream during the mid-1990s.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Over their -year career, Rancid remained signed to an independent record label and retained much of its original fan-base, most of which was connected to its underground roots.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Rancid has had two lineup changes since its inception.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Their current lineup consists of Armstrong on guitar and vocals, Freeman on bass and vocals, Lars Frederiksen on guitar and vocals, and Branden Steineckert on drums.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ The band was formed by Armstrong, Freeman, and former drummer Brett Reed, who left the band in 2006 and was replaced by Steineckert.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Frederiksen joined Rancid in 1993 when the band was searching for a second guitar player.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ To date, Rancid has released nine studio albums, one split album, one compilation, two extended plays, and a series of live online-only albums, and has been featured on a number of compilation albums." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Rancid is an American punk rock band formed in Berkeley, California in 1991.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Founded by 1980s punk veterans Tim Armstrong, and Matt Freeman, who previously played in the highly influential ska punk band Operation Ivy, Rancid is often credited (along with Green Day and The Offspring) for reviving mainstream interest in punk rock in the United States and bringing punk rock into the mainstream during the mid-1990s.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Over their -year career, Rancid remained signed to an independent record label and retained much of its original fan-base, most of which was connected to its underground roots.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Rancid has had two lineup changes since its inception.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Their current lineup consists of Armstrong on guitar and vocals, Freeman on bass and vocals, Lars Frederiksen on guitar and vocals, and Branden Steineckert on drums.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ The band was formed by Armstrong, Freeman, and former drummer Brett Reed, who left the band in 2006 and was replaced by Steineckert.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Frederiksen joined Rancid in 1993 when the band was searching for a second guitar player.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ To date, Rancid has released nine studio albums, one split album, one compilation, two extended plays, and a series of live online-only albums, and has been featured on a number of compilation albums.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk rock (or \"punk\") is a rock music genre that developed in the mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as \"proto-punk\" music, punk rock bands rejected perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk embraces a DIY ethic; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through independent record labels and other informal channels.", "Canadian hardcore punk __knowledge__ Canadian hardcore punk originated in the early 1980s.", "Canadian hardcore punk __knowledge__ It was harder, faster, and heavier than the Canadian punk rock that preceded it.", "Canadian hardcore punk __knowledge__ Hardcore punk (usually referred to simply as hardcore) is a punk rock music genre and subculture that originated in the late 1970s.", "Canadian hardcore punk __knowledge__ The origin of the term \"hardcore punk\" is uncertain.", "Canadian hardcore punk __knowledge__ The Vancouver-based band D.O.A.", "Canadian hardcore punk __knowledge__ may have helped to popularize the term with the title of their 1981 album, \"Hardcore '81\".", "Canadian hardcore punk __knowledge__ Hardcore historian Steven Blush said that the term \"hardcore\" is also a reference to the sense of being \"fed up\" with the existing punk and new wave music.", "Canadian hardcore punk __knowledge__ Blush also states that the term refers to \"an extreme: the absolute most Punk.\"", "Women in punk rock __knowledge__ Women have made significant contributions to punk rock music and its subculture since its inception in the 1970s.", "Women in punk rock __knowledge__ In contrast to the rock music and heavy metal scenes of the 1970s, which were dominated by men, the anarchic, counter-cultural mindset of the punk scene in mid-and-late 1970s encouraged women to participate.", "Women in punk rock __knowledge__ This participation played a role in the historical development of punk music, especially in the U.S. and U.K. at that time, and continues to influence and enable future generations.", "Women in punk rock __knowledge__ Women have participated in the punk scene as lead singers, instrumentalists, as all-female bands, zine contributors and fashion designers.", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ Punk subculture includes a diverse array of ideologies, fashion, and other forms of expression, visual art, dance, literature and film.", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ It is largely characterised by anti-establishment views and the promotion of individual freedom, and is centred on a loud, aggressive genre of rock music called punk rock.", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ It's adherents are referred to as \"punks\".", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ Punk politics cover the entire political spectrum.", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ Common punk ethos includes anti-authoritarianism, a do-it-yourself ethic, non-conformity, direct action and not \"selling out\".", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ There is a wide range of punk fashion, including deliberately offensive T-shirts, leather jackets, Dr. Martens boots, etc., hairstyles such as brightly coloured hair and spiked mohawks, etc., cosmetics, tattoos, jewellery and body modification.", "The Clash __knowledge__ The Clash were an English rock band formed in London in 1976 as part of the original wave of British punk rock.", "The Clash __knowledge__ Along with punk rock, the Clash also have played music genres such as experimental rock, and new wave and their music often also incorporated elements of reggae, dub, funk, ska and rockabilly.", "The Clash __knowledge__ For most of their recording career the Clash consisted of Joe Strummer (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Mick Jones (lead guitar, lead vocals), Paul Simonon (bass guitar, vocals) and Nicky \"Topper\" Headon (drums, percussion).", "The Clash __knowledge__ Headon left the group in 1982, and internal friction led to Jones' departure the following year.", "CM Punk __knowledge__ Phillip Jack Brooks (born October 26, 1978), better known by the ring name CM Punk, is an American mixed martial artist, comic book writer, and retired professional wrestler, currently signed with the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).", "CM Punk __knowledge__ He is best known for his time in WWE, where he was a two-time WWE Champion, including a 434-day reign from November 20, 2011, to January 27, 2013, that is recognized by WWE as the sixth longest of all-time, as well as the longest of the \"modern era\".", "CM Punk __knowledge__ Brooks began his professional wrestling career on the American independent circuit, primarily with Ring of Honor (ROH) until 2005 when he signed with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).", "Brisbane punk rock __knowledge__ Brisbane punk rock had its main impact between 1975 and 1984 as part of the overall punk rock scene in Australia.", "Brisbane punk rock __knowledge__ According to rock music historian, Ian McFarlane, the Queensland capital provided \"some of the most anarchistic bands\" of that era whilst it was \"arguably the most conservative city\" in the country.", "Brisbane punk rock __knowledge__ The development of the local punk movement differed from other cities because of its relative geographic isolation from other similar trends.", "Brisbane punk rock __knowledge__ The Brisbane scene also received a greater scrutiny by local police where early punk bands formed as \"an obvious backlash to an oppressed society\".", "Green Day __knowledge__ Green Day is an American punk rock band formed in 1986 by lead vocalist and guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong and bassist Mike Dirnt.", "Green Day __knowledge__ For much of the band's career, they have been a trio with drummer Tré Cool, who replaced John Kiffmeyer in 1990 prior to the recording of the band's second studio album, \"Kerplunk\" (1991).", "Green Day __knowledge__ Guitarist Jason White, who has been a touring member since 1999, was a member from 2012 to 2016.", "Green Day __knowledge__ Green Day was originally part of the punk scene at the DIY 924 Gilman Street club in Berkeley, California.", "Green Day __knowledge__ The band's early releases were with the independent record label Lookout!", "Green Day __knowledge__ Records.", "Rancid discography __knowledge__ The discography of Rancid, a Northern California-based punk rock band, includes nine studio albums, two extended plays, two compilations and seventeen singles.", "Rancid discography __knowledge__ Rancid were formed in 1991 by vocalist and guitarist Tim Armstrong and bassist Matt Freeman, who then recruited drummer Brett Reed.", "Rancid discography __knowledge__ The band signed to Lookout!", "Rancid discography __knowledge__ Records, and released its first EP, \"Rancid\", in 1992.", "Rancid discography __knowledge__ Later that year, they signed to Epitaph Records (a label owned by then-former and now-current Bad Religion guitarist Brett Gurewitz) and released their self-titled debut album in 1993.", "Rancid discography __knowledge__ While Rancid was writing a second album, Green Day's Billie Joe Armstrong, a friend of the band, joined them to co-write the song \"Radio\".", "...And Out Come the Wolves __knowledge__ ...And Out Come the Wolves is the third studio album by the American punk rock band Rancid.", "...And Out Come the Wolves __knowledge__ It was released on August 22, 1995, through Epitaph Records.", "...And Out Come the Wolves __knowledge__ Rancid's popularity and catchy songs made them the subject of a major label bidding war (hence the title, \"...And Out Come the Wolves\" taken from a poem in Jim Carroll's \"The Basketball Diaries\") that ended with the band staying on Epitaph.", "...And Out Come the Wolves __knowledge__ With a sound heavily influenced by ska, which called to mind Tim Armstrong and Matt Freeman's past in Operation Ivy, Rancid became one of the few bands of the mid-to late-1990s boom in punk rock to retain much of its original fanbase.", "Billie Joe Armstrong __knowledge__ Billie Joe Armstrong (born February 17, 1972) is an American musician, singer, songwriter and actor who is best known as the lead vocalist, primary songwriter, and guitarist of the punk rock band Green Day, which he co-founded with Mike Dirnt.", "Billie Joe Armstrong __knowledge__ He is also a guitarist and vocalist for the punk rock band Pinhead Gunpowder and provides lead vocals for Green Day's side projects Foxboro Hot Tubs and The Network.", "Billie Joe Armstrong __knowledge__ Raised in Rodeo, California, Armstrong developed an interest in music at a young age, and recorded his first song at the age of five.", "Billie Joe Armstrong __knowledge__ He met Mike Dirnt while attending elementary school, and the two instantly bonded over their mutual interest in music, forming the band Sweet Children when the two were 15 years old.", "Operation Ivy (band) __knowledge__ Operation Ivy, sometimes called \"Op Ivy,\" (op Iv) was an American punk rock band from Berkeley, California formed in May 1987.", "Operation Ivy (band) __knowledge__ The band was stylistically important as one of the first bands to mix the elements of hardcore punk and ska into a new amalgam called ska punk and was critical to the emergence of Lookout Records and the so-called \"East Bay Sound.\"", "Operation Ivy (band) __knowledge__ The band's name was derived from the Operation Ivy series of nuclear tests in 1952.", "Operation Ivy (band) __knowledge__ Although the band released just one full-length album before breaking up in May 1989, Operation Ivy is well remembered as the direct antecedent of popular band Rancid and for wielding a lasting stylistic influence over numerous other bands." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Rancid is an American punk rock band formed in Berkeley, California in 1991.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Founded by 1980s punk veterans Tim Armstrong, and Matt Freeman, who previously played in the highly influential ska punk band Operation Ivy, Rancid is often credited (along with Green Day and The Offspring) for reviving mainstream interest in punk rock in the United States and bringing punk rock into the mainstream during the mid-1990s.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Over their -year career, Rancid remained signed to an independent record label and retained much of its original fan-base, most of which was connected to its underground roots.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Rancid has had two lineup changes since its inception.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Their current lineup consists of Armstrong on guitar and vocals, Freeman on bass and vocals, Lars Frederiksen on guitar and vocals, and Branden Steineckert on drums.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ The band was formed by Armstrong, Freeman, and former drummer Brett Reed, who left the band in 2006 and was replaced by Steineckert.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Frederiksen joined Rancid in 1993 when the band was searching for a second guitar player.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ To date, Rancid has released nine studio albums, one split album, one compilation, two extended plays, and a series of live online-only albums, and has been featured on a number of compilation albums.", "Hatch Mott MacDonald __knowledge__ Hatch Mott MacDonald (HMM) is a consulting engineering firm serving public and private clients in North America.", "Hatch Mott MacDonald __knowledge__ HMM’s capabilities include planning, project development, studies and analysis, design, procurement, and construction engineering and inspection.", "Hatch Mott MacDonald __knowledge__ HMM also provides project, program and construction management as well as facility maintenance and operations.", "Hatch Mott MacDonald __knowledge__ Hatch Mott MacDonald was founded in 1996 by its parent companies, Hatch Ltd and Mott MacDonald.", "Hatch Mott MacDonald __knowledge__ HMM was intended to take advantage of engineering opportunities in North America.", "Hatch Mott MacDonald __knowledge__ HMM originally provided the bulk of its services in transportation, including the design of tunnels, rail systems, bridges, highways, and airport infrastructure.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "VMM-365 __knowledge__ Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron 365 (VMM-365) is a United States Marine Corps tiltrotor squadron consisting of MV-22B Osprey transport aircraft.", "VMM-365 __knowledge__ The squadron, known as the \"Blue Knights\", is based at Marine Corps Air Station New River, North Carolina and falls under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 26 (MAG-26) and the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing (2nd MAW).", "VMM-365 __knowledge__ Provide assault support of combat troops, supplies, and equipment during amphibious operations and subsequent operations ashore.", "VMM-365 __knowledge__ Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron 365 was established on July 1, 1963 at Marine Corps Air Facility Santa Ana, California.", "VMM-265 __knowledge__ Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron 265 (VMM-265) is a United States Marine Corps transport squadron consisting of MV-22 Osprey tiltrotor aircraft.", "VMM-265 __knowledge__ The squadron, known as the \"Dragons\", is based at Marine Corps Air Station Futenma, Okinawa, Japan and falls under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 36 (MAG-36) and the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing (1st MAW).", "VMM-265 __knowledge__ Support the Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Commander by providing assault support transport of combat troops, supplies and equipment, day or night under all weather conditions during expeditionary, joint or combined operations.", "VMM-265 __knowledge__ HMM-265 was commissioned on October 1, 1962 at Marine Corps Air Facility Jacksonville, North Carolina.", "Hidden Markov model __knowledge__ Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a statistical Markov model in which the system being modeled is assumed to be a Markov process with unobserved (i.e.", "Hidden Markov model __knowledge__ \"hidden\") states.", "Hidden Markov model __knowledge__ The hidden Markov model can be represented as the simplest dynamic Bayesian network.", "Hidden Markov model __knowledge__ The mathematics behind the HMM were developed by L. E. Baum and coworkers.", "Hidden Markov model __knowledge__ In simpler Markov models (like a Markov chain), the state is directly visible to the observer, and therefore the state transition probabilities are the only parameters, while in the hidden Markov model, the state is not directly visible, but the output, dependent on the state, is visible.", "VMM-165 __knowledge__ Marine Medium Tilt Rotor Squadron 165 (VMM-165) is a United States Marine Corps Tilt-rotor squadron consisting of MV-22B Osprey transport aircraft.", "VMM-165 __knowledge__ The squadron, known as the \"White Knights\", is based at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, California and fall under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 16 (MAG-16) and the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing (3rd MAW).", "VMM-165 __knowledge__ Provide assault support transport of combat troops, supplies and equipment during expeditionary, joint or combined operations.", "VMM-165 __knowledge__ Be prepared for short-notice, worldwide employment in support of Marine Air-Ground Task Force operations.", "VMM-165 __knowledge__ Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron 165 was activated on July 1, 1965 at Marine Corps Air Station Santa Ana, California as part of Marine Aircraft Group 36, 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing.", "VMM-164 __knowledge__ Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron 164 (VMM-164), is a United States Marine Corps tiltrotor squadron operating the MV-22B Osprey.", "VMM-164 __knowledge__ Known as the \"Knightriders\", they fall under the command Marine Aircraft Group 39 (MAG-39) and the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing (3rd MAW).", "VMM-164 __knowledge__ They are based at Marine Corps Air Station Camp Pendleton.", "VMM-164 __knowledge__ Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron 164 (HMM-164) was activated under LtCol.", "VMM-164 __knowledge__ Herbert J. Blaha on July 1, 1964 at Marine Corps Air Station Santa Ana, California as part of Marine Aircraft Group 36.", "VMM-164 __knowledge__ In August 1965 the squadron transferred to Marine Wing Support Group 37 at Marine Corps Air Station El Toro, California.", "Tim Armstrong __knowledge__ Timothy Lockwood Armstrong (born November 25, 1965) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, producer, and actor.", "Tim Armstrong __knowledge__ He is best known as the singer/guitarist for the punk rock band Rancid and hip hop/punk rock supergroup the Transplants.", "Tim Armstrong __knowledge__ Prior to forming Rancid, Armstrong was in the influential ska punk band Operation Ivy.", "Tim Armstrong __knowledge__ In 1997, along with Brett Gurewitz of the band Bad Religion and owner of Epitaph Records, Armstrong founded Hellcat Records.", "Tim Armstrong __knowledge__ In 2012, through his website, Armstrong started releasing music that influenced him, along with stripped-down cover songs of his own work under the name Tim Timebomb.", "List of The Power of Five characters __knowledge__ This is a list of all the antagonists and protagonists in \"The Power of Five\" series by Anthony Horowitz.", "List of The Power of Five characters __knowledge__ The series chronicles the war between the Old Ones and the Five Gatekeepers.", "List of The Power of Five characters __knowledge__ The Five are Matthew Freeman/Jesus, Pedro/Inti, Scott and Jamie Tyler (Flint and Sapling) and Scarlett Adams (Scar, or Lin Mo, the Chinese goddess of the sea).", "List of The Power of Five characters __knowledge__ The Old Ones ruled the world for eighty years at the dawn of humanity, but the Five defeated them, and threw them into Hell, causing the demons to await their return for millennia.", "List of The Power of Five characters __knowledge__ Two gates were built in between Earth and Hell to keep the Old Ones out - these are the focus of the series and consist of Raven's Gate, and the Nazca Desert, which is the second gate.", "Devils Brigade (band) __knowledge__ Devils Brigade is an American rock band formed as a side project by Rancid bassist Matt Freeman in 2000.", "Devils Brigade (band) __knowledge__ In Devils Brigade Freeman performs a mix of punk rock and psychobilly styles, singing lead vocals and playing a double bass in contrast to the backing vocals and electric bass guitar he performs in Rancid.", "Devils Brigade (band) __knowledge__ He was backed by his Rancid bandmates for singles released in 2003 and 2005, and recruited X drummer DJ Bonebrake to play on Devils Brigade's eponymous debut album in 2010.", "Devils Brigade (band) __knowledge__ Devils Brigade was started in 2000 by Matt Freeman as a side project from his regular band, Rancid, when he and longtime bandmate Tim Armstrong began writing songs together in between Rancid tours.", "The Power of Five __knowledge__ The Power of Five (also known as The Gatekeepers in the US) is a series of five fantasy and suspense novels, written by English author Anthony Horowitz and published between 2005 and 2012.", "The Power of Five __knowledge__ It is an updated re-imagining of Horowitz's \"Pentagram\" series, which the author had left unfinished in the 1980s.", "The Power of Five __knowledge__ The series is published in the United Kingdom by Walker Books Ltd and in the United States by Scholastic Press.", "The Power of Five __knowledge__ The novels deal heavily in the occult and examples of things such as human sacrifice and blood rituals are major plot elements, such as in the first book, where Matthew Freeman is hunted by a Cult who want to conduct a blood sacrifice on him to blast open a portal using a combination of nuclear physics and black magic, to unlock another dimension which is holding a group of ancient evil demons captive.", "Honor Is All We Know __knowledge__ ...Honor Is All We Know is the eighth studio album by the American punk rock band Rancid, released on October 27, 2014.", "Honor Is All We Know __knowledge__ It is the band's first studio album since \"Let the Dominoes Fall\" (2009), and their second one to be recorded under its current incarnation (Tim Armstrong, Lars Frederiksen, Matt Freeman and Branden Steineckert).", "Honor Is All We Know __knowledge__ Work on \"...Honor Is All We Know\" began in 2011 and it was originally planned for a 2012 release, but was repeatedly delayed while the band continued touring and writing new material, and its members were busy with their own projects.", "Honor Is All We Know __knowledge__ After three years of writing and recording, the album was finished in 2014.", "Devils Brigade (album) __knowledge__ Devils Brigade is the eponymous debut album by the rock band Devils Brigade, a side project by Matt Freeman of Rancid.", "Devils Brigade (album) __knowledge__ The band, which performs a mix of punk rock and psychobilly, features Freeman on lead vocals and double bass in contrast to the backing vocals and electric bass guitar he typically performs in Rancid.", "Devils Brigade (album) __knowledge__ Originally envisioned as a concept album about the construction of the Golden Gate Bridge, \"Devils Brigade\" was co-written by Freeman and his longtime bandmate Tim Armstrong, who also played guitar on the album and served as record producer alongside Ryan Foltz.", "Devils Brigade (album) __knowledge__ The album also features X drummer DJ Bonebrake and contributions from Rancid's Lars Frederiksen, and was released August 31, 2010 through Armstrong's label Hellcat Records." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Rancid is an American punk rock band formed in Berkeley, California in 1991.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Founded by 1980s punk veterans Tim Armstrong, and Matt Freeman, who previously played in the highly influential ska punk band Operation Ivy, Rancid is often credited (along with Green Day and The Offspring) for reviving mainstream interest in punk rock in the United States and bringing punk rock into the mainstream during the mid-1990s.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Over their -year career, Rancid remained signed to an independent record label and retained much of its original fan-base, most of which was connected to its underground roots.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Rancid has had two lineup changes since its inception.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Their current lineup consists of Armstrong on guitar and vocals, Freeman on bass and vocals, Lars Frederiksen on guitar and vocals, and Branden Steineckert on drums.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ The band was formed by Armstrong, Freeman, and former drummer Brett Reed, who left the band in 2006 and was replaced by Steineckert.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Frederiksen joined Rancid in 1993 when the band was searching for a second guitar player.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ To date, Rancid has released nine studio albums, one split album, one compilation, two extended plays, and a series of live online-only albums, and has been featured on a number of compilation albums.", "Independent politician __knowledge__ An independent or nonpartisan politician is an individual politician not affiliated with any political party.", "Independent politician __knowledge__ There are numerous reasons why someone may stand for office as an independent.", "Independent politician __knowledge__ Some independent politicians may be associated with a political party, perhaps as former members of it, or else have views that align with it, but choose not to stand in its name, or are unable to do so because the party in question has selected another candidate.", "Independent politician __knowledge__ Others may belong to or support a political party at the national level but believe they should not formally represent it (and thus be subject to its policies) at another level.", "Indian rock __knowledge__ Indian rock is a music genre in India that incorporates elements of Indian music with mainstream rock music, and is often topically India-centric.", "Indian rock __knowledge__ While India is more often known for its (northern and southern) classical music and Bollywood \"filmi\" music, the Indian rock scene has also produced numerous bands and artists.", "Indian rock __knowledge__ India, in the 1950s and 1960s, uniquely amongst developing markets, had a record industry in the Gramophone Company of India (an RCA/HMV/EMI subsidiary), and LPs, EPs, and 45rpm records were freely available, including those of rock and roll acts from the USA and Britain, but also of contemporary pioneering Indian rock bands.", "History of the Puritans under King Charles I __knowledge__ Under Charles I, the Puritans became a political force as well as a religious tendency in the country.", "History of the Puritans under King Charles I __knowledge__ Opponents of the royal prerogative became allies of Puritan reformers, who saw the Church of England moving in a direction opposite to what they wanted, and objected to increased Roman Faithful influence both at Court and (as they saw it) within the Church.", "History of the Puritans under King Charles I __knowledge__ After the First English Civil War political power was held by various factions of Puritans.", "History of the Puritans under King Charles I __knowledge__ The trials and executions of William Laud and then King Charles himself were decisive moves shaping British history.", "History of the Puritans under King Charles I __knowledge__ While in the short term Puritan power was consolidated by the Parliamentary armed forces and Oliver Cromwell, in the same years, the argument for theocracy failed to convince enough of the various groupings, and there was no Puritan religious settlement to match Cromwell's gradual assumption of dictatorial powers.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Serbian rock is the rock music scene of Serbia.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ During the 1960s, 1970s and the 1980s, while Serbia was a constituent republic of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Serbian rock scene was a part of the SFR Yugoslav rock scene.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was not an Eastern Bloc country, but a member of the Non-Aligned Movement and as such, it was far more opened to the Western culture comparing to the other socialist countries.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Rock and roll reached Yugoslavia via foreign radio stations, most notably Radio Luxemburg, and rock and roll records, brought in from the West.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Rock and roll influences reached schlager singers, most notably Đorđe Marjanović, who released the first popular music solo album in Serbia, in 1959.", "Independent music __knowledge__ Independent music (often shortened to indie music or indie) is music produced independently from major commercial record labels or their subsidiaries, a process that may include an autonomous, do-it-yourself approach to recording and publishing.", "Independent music __knowledge__ The term \"indie\" is sometimes also used to describe a genre (such as indie rock and indie pop); as a genre term, \"indie\" may include music that is not independently produced, and most independent music artists do not fall into a single, defined musical style or genre, and usually create music that can be categorized into other genres.", "Independent music __knowledge__ Independent labels have a long history of promoting developments in popular music, stretching back to the post-war period in the United States, with labels such as Sun Records, King Records, and Stax.", "Marching band __knowledge__ A marching band is a group in which instrumental musicians perform while marching, often for entertainment or competition.", "Marching band __knowledge__ Instrumentation typically includes brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments.", "Marching band __knowledge__ Most marching bands wear a uniform, often of a military style, that includes an associated school or organization's colors, name or symbol.", "Marching band __knowledge__ Most high school marching bands, and some college marching bands, are accompanied by a color guard, a group of performers who add a visual interpretation to the music through the use of props, most often flags and rifles.", "Marching band __knowledge__ Marching bands are generally categorized by function, size, age, gender, instrumentation, marching style, and type of show they perform.", "First English Civil War __knowledge__ The First English Civil War (1642–1646) began the series of three wars known as the English Civil War (or \"Wars\").", "First English Civil War __knowledge__ \"The English Civil War\" was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations that took place between Parliamentarians and Royalists from 1642 until 1651, and includes the Second English Civil War (1648–1649) and the Third English Civil War (1649–1651).", "First English Civil War __knowledge__ The wars in England were part of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, being fought contemporaneously with equivalents in Scotland and Ireland.", "First English Civil War __knowledge__ Convention uses the name \"The English Civil War\" (1642–1651) to refer collectively to the civil wars in England and the Scottish Civil War, which began with the raising of King Charles I's standard at Nottingham on 22 August 1642, and ended on 3 September 1651 at the Battle of Worcester.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk rock (or \"punk\") is a rock music genre that developed in the mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as \"proto-punk\" music, punk rock bands rejected perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk embraces a DIY ethic; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through independent record labels and other informal channels.", "Record label __knowledge__ A record label or record company is a brand or trademark associated with the marketing of music recordings and music videos.", "Record label __knowledge__ Sometimes, a record label is also a publishing company that manages such brands and trademarks, coordinates the production, manufacture, distribution, marketing, promotion, and enforcement of copyright for sound recordings and music videos; also conducting talent scouting and development of new artists (\"artists and repertoire\" or \"A&R\"); and maintains contracts with recording artists and their managers.", "Record label __knowledge__ The term \"record label\" derives from the circular label in the center of a vinyl record which prominently displays the manufacturer's name, along with other information.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Cardiacs __knowledge__ Cardiacs are an English rock band formed in 1977, originally as Cardiac Arrest, led by Tim Smith.", "Cardiacs __knowledge__ Noted for their complex, varied and intense compositional style and for their eccentric, theatrical stage shows, they have been hailed as an influence by bands as diverse as Blur, Faith No More and Radiohead.", "Cardiacs __knowledge__ Cardiacs have released eight studio albums plus a number of live albums, compilation albums and singles between 1980 and 2007, and are best known for the 1988 minor hit single \"Is This the Life?\"", "Cardiacs __knowledge__ They are also noted for attracting strongly diverse responses: they have remained one of Britain's leading cult rock bands during their four-decade-spanning career, but have also attracted virulent critical attack (including a lengthy editorial ban from the British music magazine \"New Musical Express\").", "Atlantic Records __knowledge__ Atlantic Recording Corporation (simply known as Atlantic Records) is an American major record label founded in October 1947 by Ahmet Ertegün and Herb Abramson.", "Atlantic Records __knowledge__ Over its first 20 years of operation, Atlantic Records earned a reputation as one of the most important American recording labels, specializing in jazz, R&B and soul recordings by African-American musicians including Aretha Franklin, Ray Charles, Wilson Pickett, Sam and Dave, Ruth Brown and Otis Redding, a position greatly enhanced by its distribution deal with Stax Records.", "Atlantic Records __knowledge__ In 1967, Atlantic Records became a wholly owned subsidiary of Warner Bros.-Seven Arts, now the Warner Music Group, and expanded into rock and pop music with releases by bands such as Led Zeppelin and Yes.", "Alternative rock __knowledge__ Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative) is a style of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s.", "Alternative rock __knowledge__ In this instance, the word \"alternative\" refers to the genre's distinction from mainstream rock music.", "Alternative rock __knowledge__ The term's original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their collective debt to either the musical style or simply the independent, DIY ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music.", "Alternative rock __knowledge__ At times, \"alternative\" has been used as a catch-all description for music from underground rock artists that receives mainstream recognition, or for any music, whether rock or not, that is seen to be descended from punk rock (including some examples of punk itself, as well as new wave, and post-punk)." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 7 ]

[ "I think Rancid is my favorite band. They formed in Berkeley, California in 1991.", "Yeah Tim Armstrong, and Matt Freeman are probably the most well known members of it.", "I think Tim is, Rancid remained signed to an independent record label and retained much of its original fan-base. So they never moved on to a big label.", "4 now but the second guitarist Frederiksen joined Rancid in 1993" ]

[ "Rancid (band)", "Rancid (band)", "Rancid (band)", "Rancid (band)" ]

[ "Gap year\nI am taking a gap year this year before starting college. ", "I wanted to use the year to clear my head and use the time to figure out what I really wanted to study. ", "Thats exactly my plan, I already know how to speak Spanish so I want to go over to Spain to be apart of the culture. ", "I saw that, I think you have to apart of a good family that will support you through this time though. I wish more kids could do this. ", "I think it is way more common in Europe to do this rather than America. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Gap year __knowledge__ A gap year, also known as a sabbatical year, is a year’s break between high school and college/university, aimed at promoting a mature outlook with which to absorb the benefits of higher education.", "Gap year __knowledge__ It also indicates a break before entry into graduate school.", "Gap year __knowledge__ Activities range across advanced academic courses, extra-academic courses and non-academic courses, such as pre-college math courses, language studies, learning a trade, art studies, volunteer work, travel, internships, sports, cultural exchanges and more.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1967 Project Trust sent its first three volunteers to Ethiopia from the UK.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1972, Gap Activity Projects was founded in the UK and later renamed Lattitude Global Volunteering in 2008.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1973, Graham \"Skroo\" Turner set up the company Topdeck, one of the first tour operators.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1978, the Prince of Wales and Colonel John Blashford-Snell began what is now known as Raleigh International by launching Operation Drake, an expedition voyage around the world following Sir Francis Drake's route.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In the United States, the gap year idea was promoted by Cornelius H. Bull to allow students more time to grow as a person, in 1980.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 2016 then-US President Obama's daughter, Malia, announced her Gap Year plans.", "Kyle Braxton __knowledge__ Kyle Braxton (also Bennett) is a fictional character from the Australian Channel Seven soap opera \"Home and Away\", played by Nic Westaway.", "Kyle Braxton __knowledge__ Kyle debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 8 August 2012.", "Kyle Braxton __knowledge__ The actor was nervous about joining the established Braxton family because of their popularity with viewers.", "Kyle Braxton __knowledge__ Kyle is a \"damaged individual\" who grew up without much love.", "Kyle Braxton __knowledge__ His father, Danny Braxton (Andy McPhee) walked out on him and his mother died.", "Kyle Braxton __knowledge__ He was placed into foster care.", "Kyle Braxton __knowledge__ Kyle developed a vendetta against his half-brothers and when Casey Braxton (Lincoln Younes) kills Danny, Kyle kidnaps Casey and leaves him for dead in the Australian desert.", "Hamish and Andy's Gap Year __knowledge__ Hamish & Andy's Gap Year is a Logie Award winning comedy series following Hamish Blake and Andy Lee, a pair of Australian comedians, on their trips to various international locations.", "Hamish and Andy's Gap Year __knowledge__ The first season saw the boys visiting America for ten episodes and broadcast their show weekly from New York City.", "Hamish and Andy's Gap Year __knowledge__ In its second season in 2012, the show was titled \"Hamish & Andy's Euro Gap Year\" and seven episodes were broadcast from The Lord Stanley, a disused pub in East London, England.", "Hamish and Andy's Gap Year __knowledge__ The third season known as \"Hamish and Andy's Gap Year Asia\" in 2013 was broadcast from a bar in Bangkok, Thailand, called 'The Raintree'.", "Global Citizen Year __knowledge__ Global Citizen Year is an Oakland-based non-profit that recruits and trains a diverse corps of American high school seniors to participate in an immersion-based international bridge year – often called a gap year – before starting college.", "Global Citizen Year __knowledge__ The organization is founded on the idea that America’s next generation of leaders will require global citizenship to effectively address the problems of the 21st century.", "Global Citizen Year __knowledge__ Global Citizen Year was founded after Abigail Falik won first place in the 2008 Harvard Business School Pitch for Change with her blueprint for the idea.", "Global Citizen Year __knowledge__ After graduating from high school, Falik had looked for an opportunity for global service before college but found that the Peace Corps would not accept 18-year-olds, and that few similar programs existed for that age group.", "Phoebe Nicholson __knowledge__ Phoebe Nicholson is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Home and Away\", played by Isabella Giovinazzo.", "Phoebe Nicholson __knowledge__ The actress auditioned for the role in Sydney and relocated to the city after winning the role.", "Phoebe Nicholson __knowledge__ Her casting was announced a few days before her first appearance.", "Phoebe Nicholson __knowledge__ The part of Phoebe marks Giovinazzo's first acting job and she commented that she was having fun developing her character.", "Phoebe Nicholson __knowledge__ She made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 26 November 2013.", "Phoebe Nicholson __knowledge__ Phoebe is portrayed as a feisty, strong, positive, singer and songwriter from Melbourne.", "Phoebe Nicholson __knowledge__ Phoebe was introduced in the 2013 finale, as the former girlfriend of established character Kyle Braxton.", "Fightstar __knowledge__ Fightstar are a British rock band from London that formed in 2003.", "Fightstar __knowledge__ The band is composed of lead vocalist, guitarist and keyboardist Charlie Simpson, guitarist and co-vocalist Alex Westaway, bassist Dan Haigh and drummer Omar Abidi.", "Fightstar __knowledge__ Generally considered a post-hardcore band, Fightstar are known to incorporate metal, alternative rock and other genres into their sound.", "Fightstar __knowledge__ During the band's early days, they were viewed sceptically by critics because of Simpson's former pop career with Busted.", "Fightstar __knowledge__ Their live shows got a more positive reaction, and their 2005 debut EP, \"They Liked You Better When You Were Dead\", was a critical success.", "Gapyear.com __knowledge__ Gapyear.com is a gap year social network based in the United Kingdom.", "Gapyear.com __knowledge__ Built around a travel community, its members engage in the site through blogs, events, messageboards and photos.", "Gapyear.com __knowledge__ It provides advice, ideas and opportunities on everything related to gap years and backpacking, including information on planning your trip, destinations, volunteering, and working abroad.", "Gapyear.com __knowledge__ It is also described as a travel advice website.", "Gapyear.com __knowledge__ Tom Griffiths published \"Before You Go\" in 1997, a book about planning your gap year, and went on to win The Times's \"Young Travel Writer of the Year\" award.", "Gapyear.com __knowledge__ Griffiths went on to create The Gap Year Company Ltd. in July 1998 with IT consultant Peter Pedrick." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Gap year __knowledge__ A gap year, also known as a sabbatical year, is a year’s break between high school and college/university, aimed at promoting a mature outlook with which to absorb the benefits of higher education.", "Gap year __knowledge__ It also indicates a break before entry into graduate school.", "Gap year __knowledge__ Activities range across advanced academic courses, extra-academic courses and non-academic courses, such as pre-college math courses, language studies, learning a trade, art studies, volunteer work, travel, internships, sports, cultural exchanges and more.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1967 Project Trust sent its first three volunteers to Ethiopia from the UK.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1972, Gap Activity Projects was founded in the UK and later renamed Lattitude Global Volunteering in 2008.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1973, Graham \"Skroo\" Turner set up the company Topdeck, one of the first tour operators.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1978, the Prince of Wales and Colonel John Blashford-Snell began what is now known as Raleigh International by launching Operation Drake, an expedition voyage around the world following Sir Francis Drake's route.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In the United States, the gap year idea was promoted by Cornelius H. Bull to allow students more time to grow as a person, in 1980.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 2016 then-US President Obama's daughter, Malia, announced her Gap Year plans.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ Frozen is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ The 53rd Disney animated feature film, the film is inspired by Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale \"The Snow Queen\".", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ It tells the story of a fearless princess who sets off on a journey alongside a rugged iceman, his loyal reindeer, and a naïve snowman to find her estranged sister, whose icy powers have inadvertently trapped their kingdom in eternal winter.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ \"Frozen\" underwent several story treatments for years before being commissioned in 2011, with a screenplay written by Jennifer Lee, who also co-directed with Chris Buck.", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is the film and television scores composed by various composers for the films and television series of that franchise.", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Ramin Djawadi provided the first MCU music with his original score for \"Iron Man\" in 2008.", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Alan Silvestri was the first composer to work on multiple MCU films after he transitioned from scoring \"\" (2011) to \"Marvel's The Avengers\" (2012), while Brian Tyler was the first composer to reference the work of another MCU composer when he quoted Silvestri's \"Captain America March\" in his score for \"\" (2013).", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Original music has also been composed for the Marvel One-Shots short film series, and other related projects of the MCU, including the fanfares for the two Marvel Studios logos, composed by Tyler and Michael Giacchino, respectively.", "Ferdinand Feichtner __knowledge__ Ferdinand Feichtner (* 3 February 1908 in Augsburg, Bavaria) was a German, Luftwaffe radar and radio intercept specialist, before and during the time of World War II and who became Chief Signals Officer of the Luftnachrichten Abteilung 352, the Signals intelligence agency, whose task was the mapping and interception of communication intelligence of Allied Air Forces in the Mediterranean area.", "Ferdinand Feichtner __knowledge__ Ferdinand Feichtner was responsible for a number of innovations in cryptanalysis, radio, radar, D/F and communication intelligence during the interwar period.", "Ferdinand Feichtner __knowledge__ Note:This article has been largly written by Feichtner, with some updates to change the voice, and respect to modernity.", "Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters is a 2013 dark fantasy action horror comedy film written and directed by Tommy Wirkola.", "Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ It is a continuation to the German folklore fairy tale \"Hansel and Gretel\", in which the titular siblings are now grown up and working as a duo of witch exterminators for hire.", "Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ The film stars Jeremy Renner, Gemma Arterton, Famke Janssen, Peter Stormare, Thomas Mann, Pihla Viitala and Derek Mears.", "Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ Originally scheduled for release in March 2012, \"Hansel & Gretel\" was delayed for ten months to accommodate Renner's appearances in \"The Avengers\" and \"The Bourne Legacy\" and to give Wirkola time to shoot a post-credits scene.", "Alan Moore __knowledge__ Alan Moore (; born 18 November 1953) is an English writer primarily known for his work in comic books including \"Watchmen\", \"V for Vendetta\" and \"From Hell\".", "Alan Moore __knowledge__ Frequently described as the best graphic novel writer in history, he has been widely recognised by his peers and by critics.", "Alan Moore __knowledge__ He has occasionally used such pseudonyms as Curt Vile, Jill de Ray, and Translucia Baboon; also, reprints of some of his work have been credited to The Original Writer when Moore requested that his name be removed.", "Alan Moore __knowledge__ Moore started writing for British underground and alternative fanzines in the late 1970s before achieving success publishing comic strips in such magazines as \"2000 AD\" and \"Warrior\".", "Graduate school __knowledge__ A graduate school (sometimes shortened as grad school) is a school that awards advanced academic degrees (i.e.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ master's and doctoral degrees) with the general requirement that students must have earned a previous undergraduate (bachelor's) degree with a high grade point average.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ A distinction is typically made between graduate schools (where courses of study vary in the degree to which they provide training for a particular profession) and professional schools, which offer specialized advanced degrees in professional fields such as medicine, nursing, business, engineering, or law.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ The distinction between graduate schools and professional schools is not absolute, as various professional schools offer graduate degrees (e.g., some nursing schools offer a master's degree in nursing).", "Northwestern University Graduate School __knowledge__ The Graduate School (also known as TGS) is the liberal arts and sciences graduate school of Northwestern University.", "Northwestern University Graduate School __knowledge__ Based in Evanston, Illinois, The Graduate School also has campuses in Chicago and Doha, Qatar and awards advanced degrees in 70 disciplines.", "Northwestern University Graduate School __knowledge__ In 1910, the Trustees of the University organized The Graduate School.", "Northwestern University Graduate School __knowledge__ TGS makes up one of Northwestern University's 10 Graduate and Professional schools.", "Northwestern University Graduate School __knowledge__ As such, professional degrees are not conferred by The Graduate School, but by their respective schools at Northwestern: Feinberg School of Medicine, Kellogg School of Management, Medill School of Journalism, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Communication, School of Education and Social Policy, Pritzker School of Law, Henry and Leigh Bienen School of Music, and School of Professional Studies.", "Nagoya University of Commerce & Business __knowledge__ , abbreviated as NUCB, is a Japanese private university located in Nisshin, Aichi within the Tokai region of Japan.", "Nagoya University of Commerce & Business __knowledge__ The founder of NUCB, Dr. Yuichi Kurimoto, was the first Japanese person to graduate from the University of Alberta in 1930.", "Nagoya University of Commerce & Business __knowledge__ Originally established in March 1935 as the Nagoya Tetsudo Gakko, a vocational railway school, it was later reorganized under the newly formed Kurimoto Educational Institute in 1951.", "Nagoya University of Commerce & Business __knowledge__ By 1953, the school was chartered as the Nagoya University of Business and Commerce.", "Nagoya University of Commerce & Business __knowledge__ The NUCB Graduate School began awarding MBA degrees in 2005.", "Nagoya University of Commerce & Business __knowledge__ It soon expanded into additional campuses in Tokyo and Osaka.", "Rutgers University __knowledge__ Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (), commonly referred to as Rutgers University, Rutgers, or RU, is an American public research university and is considered the largest institution for higher education in New Jersey.", "Rutgers University __knowledge__ Rutgers was chartered as Queen's College on November 10, 1766.", "Rutgers University __knowledge__ It is the eighth-oldest college in the United States and one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution.", "Rutgers University __knowledge__ The college was renamed Rutgers College in 1825 in honor of Colonel Henry Rutgers (1745–1830), a New York City landowner, philanthropist and former military officer, whose $5,000 bond donation to the school allowed it to reopen after years of financial difficulty.", "Columbia University __knowledge__ Columbia University (Columbia; officially Columbia University in the City of New York), established in 1754, is a private Ivy League research university in Upper Manhattan, New York City.", "Columbia University __knowledge__ Columbia contains the oldest college in the state of New York and is the fifth chartered institution of higher learning in the United States, making it one of nine colonial colleges founded prior to the Declaration of Independence.", "Columbia University __knowledge__ It was established as King's College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain and renamed Columbia College in 1784 following the American Revolutionary War.", "Columbia University __knowledge__ The college has produced numerous distinguished alumni.", "University of Georgia Graduate School __knowledge__ The University of Georgia Graduate School coordinates the graduate programs of all schools and colleges at the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia, United States.", "University of Georgia Graduate School __knowledge__ Established in 1910, the University of Georgia Graduate School administers and confers all professional, master's and doctoral degrees.", "University of Georgia Graduate School __knowledge__ The departments under which instruction and research take place are housed in the other schools and colleges at the university.", "University of Georgia Graduate School __knowledge__ The University of Georgia Graduate School is responsible for administering and conferring all professional and research Master’s and Doctoral degrees and has conferred 72,664 degrees to date.", "Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences __knowledge__ The Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences is the graduate school of Yale University.", "Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences __knowledge__ Founded in 1847, it is the oldest graduate school in North America, and was the first North American graduate school to confer a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree.", "Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences __knowledge__ The Graduate School is one of twelve constituent schools of Yale University and the only one that awards the degrees of Doctor of Philosophy, Master of Philosophy, Master of Arts, Master of Science, and Master of Engineering.", "Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences __knowledge__ While doctoral programs are also available in five of Yale's professional schools, students are enrolled through the graduate school, which confers their degrees." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Gap year __knowledge__ A gap year, also known as a sabbatical year, is a year’s break between high school and college/university, aimed at promoting a mature outlook with which to absorb the benefits of higher education.", "Gap year __knowledge__ It also indicates a break before entry into graduate school.", "Gap year __knowledge__ Activities range across advanced academic courses, extra-academic courses and non-academic courses, such as pre-college math courses, language studies, learning a trade, art studies, volunteer work, travel, internships, sports, cultural exchanges and more.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1967 Project Trust sent its first three volunteers to Ethiopia from the UK.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1972, Gap Activity Projects was founded in the UK and later renamed Lattitude Global Volunteering in 2008.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1973, Graham \"Skroo\" Turner set up the company Topdeck, one of the first tour operators.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1978, the Prince of Wales and Colonel John Blashford-Snell began what is now known as Raleigh International by launching Operation Drake, an expedition voyage around the world following Sir Francis Drake's route.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In the United States, the gap year idea was promoted by Cornelius H. Bull to allow students more time to grow as a person, in 1980.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 2016 then-US President Obama's daughter, Malia, announced her Gap Year plans.", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ Andy Russell (born Andrés Rábago; September 16, 1919 – April 16, 1992) was an American popular vocalist, actor, and entertainer of Mexican descent, specializing in traditional pop and Latin music.", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ He sold 8 million records in the 1940s singing in a romantic, baritone voice and in his trademark bilingual English and Spanish style.", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ He had chart-busters, such as \"Bésame Mucho,\" \"Amor,\" and \"What a Diff'rence a Day Made.\"", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ He also made personal appearances and performed on radio programs, most notably \"Your Hit Parade\", in several movies, and on television.", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ During this initial phase of his career, his popularity in the United States rivaled that of crooners Frank Sinatra and Perry Como.", "Chiapas __knowledge__ Chiapas (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Chiapas (), is one of the 31 states that with Mexico City make up the 32 federal entities of Mexico.", "Chiapas __knowledge__ It is divided into 124 municipalities as of September 2017 and its capital city is Tuxtla Gutiérrez.", "Chiapas __knowledge__ Other important population centers in Chiapas include Ocosingo, Tapachula, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Comitán and Arriaga.", "Chiapas __knowledge__ It is the southernmost state, bordered by the states of Oaxaca to the west, Veracruz to the northwest and Tabasco to the north, and by the Petén, Quiché, Huehuetenango and San Marcos departments of Guatemala to the east and southeast.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ The following list describes each of the characters from the popular webseries \"Red vs. Blue\", originally created by Rooster Teeth Productions.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Colonel Sarge is the leader of the Red Team on Blood Gulch.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He is voiced by Matt Hullum, co-creator of the series, and first appeared at the end of .", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a Southern accent.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Sarge is somewhat bloodthirsty, and the only Blood Gulch soldier on either team to actually be serious about war.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ It is mentioned that he has a military background and briefly joined the ODSTs.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ His preferred weapon is a shotgun, which he carries at all times.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a passionate disgust for Grif, demonstrated by his repeated willingness to sacrifice Grif during combat missions as well as how all of his contingency plans are to kill Grif.", "Second-language acquisition __knowledge__ Second-language acquisition (SLA), second-language learning, or L2 (language 2) acquisition, is the process by which people learn a second language.", "Second-language acquisition __knowledge__ Second-language acquisition is also the scientific discipline devoted to studying that process.", "Second-language acquisition __knowledge__ The field of second-language acquisition is a subdiscipline of applied linguistics, but also receives research attention from a variety of other disciplines, such as psychology and education.", "Second-language acquisition __knowledge__ A central theme in SLA research is that of \"interlanguage\", the idea that the language that learners use is not simply the result of differences between the languages that they already know and the language that they are learning, but that it is a complete language system in its own right, with its own systematic rules.", "Spanish language __knowledge__ The Spanish language (; ), also called the Castilian language (, ), is a West Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain and today has hundreds of millions of native speakers around the world.", "Spanish language __knowledge__ It is usually considered the world's second-most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese.", "Spanish language __knowledge__ Spanish is a part of the Ibero-Romance group of languages, which evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin in Iberia after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century.", "Spanish language __knowledge__ The oldest Latin texts with traces of Spanish come from mid-northern Iberia in the 9th century, and the first systematic written use of the language happened in Toledo, then capital of the Kingdom of Castile, in the 13th century.", "Hispanophone __knowledge__ Hispanophone and Hispanosphere are terms used to refer to Spanish-language speakers and the Spanish-speaking world, respectively.", "Hispanophone __knowledge__ The terms derive from the Latin political name of the Iberian Peninsula, Hispania.", "Hispanophone __knowledge__ In addition to the general definition of Hispanophone, some groups in the Hispanic world make a distinction between Castilian-speaking and Spanish-speaking, with the former term denoting the speakers of the Spanish language—also known as Castilian—and the latter the speakers of the Spanish or Hispanic languages (i.e.", "Hispanophone __knowledge__ the languages of Spain or the languages of the Hispanic nations).", "Hispanophone __knowledge__ The present map has colored the Hispanosphere, composed of the currently Hispanophone (Spanish-speaking) geographic areas.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Renison University College __knowledge__ Renison University College is an affiliated university college of the University of Waterloo and located in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.", "Renison University College __knowledge__ Renison's campus is situated on the western border of Waterloo's main campus.", "Renison University College __knowledge__ The university college offers academic programs that count as credit toward a University of Waterloo degree.", "Renison University College __knowledge__ Most academic courses are offered within Waterloo's Faculty of Arts, focusing on social sciences, language and culture.", "Renison University College __knowledge__ Renison focuses its academic work in three primary areas: Social Engagement and Innovation; Global Engagement through Languages and Cultures; and Community Engagement through the offering of non-degree program and praxis-based learning related to various degrees.", "Yerevan State University __knowledge__ Yerevan State University (YSU; , \"Yerevani Petakan Hamalsaran\"), also simply University of Yerevan, is the oldest continuously operating public university in Armenia.", "Yerevan State University __knowledge__ Founded in 1919, it is the largest and most prestigious university in the country.", "Yerevan State University __knowledge__ It is thus informally known as Armenia's \"mother university\" (Մայր ԲՈւՀ, \"Mayr Buh\").", "Yerevan State University __knowledge__ Of its 3,150 employees, 1,190 comprise the teaching staff which includes 25 academicians, 130 professors, 700 docents (associate professors), and 360 assistant lecturers.", "Yerevan State University __knowledge__ The university has 400 researchers, 1,350 post-graduate students, and 8,500 undergraduates, including 300 students from abroad.", "Vistula University __knowledge__ Vistula University (VU) (\"Akademia Finansów i Biznesu Vistula\") was founded in 1996 and is one of the first private universities of Poland.", "Vistula University __knowledge__ Vistula University (Vu) is supervised by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of The Republic of Poland and accredited by the State Accreditation Committee.", "Vistula University __knowledge__ The university offers programs in English and Polish in several fields.", "Vistula University __knowledge__ While being a student at Vistula University students get a unique chance to study in an international environment with students from over 60 different countries.", "Vistula University __knowledge__ Apart from the attractive educational program, the University offers its students an opportunity to participate in scholarship programs, internships and international programs such as Erasmus.", "Medical school __knowledge__ A medical school is a tertiary educational institution —or part of such an institution— that teaches medicine, and awards a professional degree for physicians and surgeons.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Such medical degrees include the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, MBChB, BMBS), Doctor of Medicine (MD), or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO).", "Medical school __knowledge__ Many medical schools offer additional degrees, such as a Doctor of Philosophy, Master's degree, a physician assistant program, or other post-secondary education.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Medical schools can also carry out medical research and operate teaching hospitals.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Around the world, criteria, structure, teaching methodology, and nature of medical programs offered at medical schools vary considerably.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Language Studies International __knowledge__ Language Studies International (LSI), an international company with its registered headquarters in the UK., specialises in the provision of language training to students on study abroad programmes.", "Language Studies International __knowledge__ The company currently runs 14 language schools and operates in the UK, United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, France and Switzerland offering general and specialised language courses in English, French and German.", "Language Studies International __knowledge__ Language Studies Ltd was founded in 1965 by an ex-army education officer, who opened the inaugural language school in Kensington, London in premises previously occupied by the Thai Embassy." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Gap year __knowledge__ A gap year, also known as a sabbatical year, is a year’s break between high school and college/university, aimed at promoting a mature outlook with which to absorb the benefits of higher education.", "Gap year __knowledge__ It also indicates a break before entry into graduate school.", "Gap year __knowledge__ Activities range across advanced academic courses, extra-academic courses and non-academic courses, such as pre-college math courses, language studies, learning a trade, art studies, volunteer work, travel, internships, sports, cultural exchanges and more.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1967 Project Trust sent its first three volunteers to Ethiopia from the UK.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1972, Gap Activity Projects was founded in the UK and later renamed Lattitude Global Volunteering in 2008.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1973, Graham \"Skroo\" Turner set up the company Topdeck, one of the first tour operators.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1978, the Prince of Wales and Colonel John Blashford-Snell began what is now known as Raleigh International by launching Operation Drake, an expedition voyage around the world following Sir Francis Drake's route.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In the United States, the gap year idea was promoted by Cornelius H. Bull to allow students more time to grow as a person, in 1980.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 2016 then-US President Obama's daughter, Malia, announced her Gap Year plans.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "2012–13 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season __knowledge__ During the 2012–13 season, Sheffield Wednesday Football Club competed in the 2012–13 Football League Championship, the FA Cup and the League Cup.", "2012–13 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season __knowledge__ Sheffield Wednesday have stayed in the Football League Championship after recently being promoted from the Football League One the previous year.", "2012–13 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season __knowledge__ They were managed by Dave Jones, while the club's chairman was Milan Mandaric.", "2012–13 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season __knowledge__ Their league season kicked off on 18 August 2012, while the League Cup began a week earlier as they entered at Round 1 of the competition.", "2012–13 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season __knowledge__ In the FA Cup, The Owls began in January as they entered at Round 3.", "2012–13 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season __knowledge__ Pre-season for Sheffield Wednesday is due to kick-off at the beginning of July 2012.", "Gone (novel series) __knowledge__ Gone is a bestselling book series written by Michael Grant.", "Gone (novel series) __knowledge__ The series is centered on the fictional Southern Californian town of Perdido Beach, in which every human aged 15 and older vanishes.", "Gone (novel series) __knowledge__ The town and surrounding areas become encased within an impenetrable energy barrier, with many of its inhabitants developing supernatural powers.", "Gone (novel series) __knowledge__ The books follow the exploits of the protagonist, Sam Temple, as he battles antagonists Caine Soren and Drake Merwin, as well as a mysterious, malevolent creature, known as the Darkness or the gaiaphage (derived from Gaia, a Greek personification of the Earth, and \"phage\", from the Greek φαγεῖν \"phagein\" \"to devour\").", "The Who __knowledge__ The Who are an English rock band that formed in 1964.", "The Who __knowledge__ Their classic line-up consisted of lead singer Roger Daltrey, guitarist and singer Pete Townshend, bass guitarist John Entwistle, and drummer Keith Moon.", "The Who __knowledge__ They are considered one of the most influential rock bands of the 20th century, selling over 100 million records worldwide and holding a reputation for their live shows and studio work.", "The Who __knowledge__ The Who developed from an earlier group, the Detours, and established themselves as part of the pop art and mod movements, featuring auto-destructive art by destroying guitars and drums on stage.", "The Who __knowledge__ Their first single as the Who, \"I Can't Explain\", reached the UK top ten, followed by a string of singles including \"My Generation\", \"Substitute\" and \"Happy Jack\".", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ Through his adventures, Fawcett Comics/DC Comics superhero Captain Marvel and his Marvel Family gained a host of enemies, including the following: An agent who tells Mr Tawny he can make a great singer out of him.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ Though his voice is terrible, people will want to see a singing tiger.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ When Billy tells him not to be forced into something he does not want, and when Hooey tries to stop him he transforms and tries to throw him out.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ But Hal flatters Tawny, making him sign the contract.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ When Cap criticises him, Hal claims he is jealous.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ A Gala party is arranged to celebrate this next day, but Hal drops the invitation to Captain Marvel into the bin as he wants their friendship to break up.", "Family of Barack Obama __knowledge__ The family of Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States, and his wife Michelle Obama is made up of people of Kenyan (Luo), African-American, and Old Stock American (including originally English, Scotch-Irish, Welsh, German, and Swiss) ancestry.", "Family of Barack Obama __knowledge__ Their immediate family was the First Family of the United States from 2009 to 2017.", "Family of Barack Obama __knowledge__ The Obamas are the first First Family of African-American descent.", "Family of Barack Obama __knowledge__ Michelle Obama, née Robinson, the wife of Barack Obama, was born on January 17, 1964, in Chicago, Illinois.", "Family of Barack Obama __knowledge__ She is a lawyer and was a University of Chicago Hospital vice-president.", "Family of Barack Obama __knowledge__ She was the First Lady of the United States.", "List of captive orcas __knowledge__ This article gives a list of captive orcas, or killer whales, large predatory marine mammals that were first captured live and displayed in exhibitions in the 1960s, or were subsequently born in zoological facilities.", "List of captive orcas __knowledge__ They soon became popular attractions at public aquariums and aquatic theme parks due to their intelligence, trainability, striking appearance, playfulness in captivity and sheer size.", "List of captive orcas __knowledge__ As of September 2015, 58 orcas are cared for at facilities in North and South America, Europe and Asia, providing education for researchers and entertainment for park visitors.", "List of captive orcas __knowledge__ The first North Eastern Pacific orca, Wanda, was captured in November 1961 by a collecting crew from Marineland of the Pacific, and over the next 15 years, around 60 or 70 orcas were taken from Pacific waters for this purpose.", "United States presidential election, 2008 __knowledge__ The United States presidential election of 2008 was the 56th quadrennial presidential election.", "United States presidential election, 2008 __knowledge__ It was held on Tuesday, November 4, 2008.", "United States presidential election, 2008 __knowledge__ The Democratic ticket of Barack Obama, a Senator from Illinois, and Joe Biden, a long-time Senator from Delaware, defeated the Republican ticket of Senator John McCain of Arizona and Governor Sarah Palin of Alaska.", "United States presidential election, 2008 __knowledge__ Obama became the first African American ever to be elected as president, and Joe Biden became the first Catholic to ever be elected as vice president.", "United States presidential election, 2008 __knowledge__ The incumbent Republican president, George W. Bush, was ineligible to be elected to a third term due to the term limits established by the 22nd Amendment.", "Michelle Obama __knowledge__ Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama (born January 17, 1964) is an American lawyer and writer who was First Lady of the United States from 2009 to 2017.", "Michelle Obama __knowledge__ She is married to the 44th President of the United States, Barack Obama, and is the first African American First Lady.", "Michelle Obama __knowledge__ Raised on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, Obama is a graduate of Princeton University and Harvard Law School, and spent her early legal career working at the law firm Sidley Austin, where she met her husband.", "Michelle Obama __knowledge__ She subsequently worked as the Associate Dean of Student Services at the University of Chicago and the Vice President for Community and External Affairs of the University of Chicago Medical Center.", "La Luna Sangre __knowledge__ La Luna Sangre () is a 2017 Philippine horror-fantasy drama television series.", "La Luna Sangre __knowledge__ Directed by Richard Arellano, Rory Quintos and Mae Cruz-Alviar, it stars Kathryn Bernardo, Daniel Padilla, Richard Gutierrez and Angel Locsin.", "La Luna Sangre __knowledge__ It is the third installment of \"Lobo\" and the sequel to \"Imortal\".", "La Luna Sangre __knowledge__ The series premiered on ABS-CBN's \"Primetime Bida\" evening block and worldwide on The Filipino Channel on June 19, 2017, replacing \"My Dear Heart\".", "La Luna Sangre __knowledge__ The prophecy of the Blood Moon is the heart of this fictional series.", "La Luna Sangre __knowledge__ It predicts the end of the evil reign of the vampire with the cursed ink by the child of the most powerful vampire and the chosen wolf.", "Barack Obama __knowledge__ Barack Hussein Obama II (; born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017.", "Barack Obama __knowledge__ The first African American to assume the presidency, he was previously the junior United States Senator from Illinois from 2005 to 2008.", "Barack Obama __knowledge__ He served in the Illinois State Senate from 1997 until 2004.", "Barack Obama __knowledge__ Obama was born in 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii, two years after the territory was admitted to the Union as the 50th state.", "Barack Obama __knowledge__ Raised largely in Hawaii, Obama also spent one year of his childhood in Washington State and four years in Indonesia.", "Barack Obama __knowledge__ After graduating from Columbia University in New York City in 1983, he worked as a community organizer in Chicago." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Gap year __knowledge__ A gap year, also known as a sabbatical year, is a year’s break between high school and college/university, aimed at promoting a mature outlook with which to absorb the benefits of higher education.", "Gap year __knowledge__ It also indicates a break before entry into graduate school.", "Gap year __knowledge__ Activities range across advanced academic courses, extra-academic courses and non-academic courses, such as pre-college math courses, language studies, learning a trade, art studies, volunteer work, travel, internships, sports, cultural exchanges and more.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1967 Project Trust sent its first three volunteers to Ethiopia from the UK.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1972, Gap Activity Projects was founded in the UK and later renamed Lattitude Global Volunteering in 2008.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1973, Graham \"Skroo\" Turner set up the company Topdeck, one of the first tour operators.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 1978, the Prince of Wales and Colonel John Blashford-Snell began what is now known as Raleigh International by launching Operation Drake, an expedition voyage around the world following Sir Francis Drake's route.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In the United States, the gap year idea was promoted by Cornelius H. Bull to allow students more time to grow as a person, in 1980.", "Gap year __knowledge__ In 2016 then-US President Obama's daughter, Malia, announced her Gap Year plans.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ Western civilization traces its roots back to Western Europe and the Western Mediterranean.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ It is linked to the Roman Empire and with Medieval Western Christendom which emerged from the Middle Ages to experience such transformative episodes as the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, scientific revolution, and the development of liberal democracy.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ The civilizations of Classical Greece, Ancient Rome and Ancient Israel are considered seminal periods in Western history; a few cultural contributions also emerged from the pagan peoples of pre-Christian Europe, such as the Celts and Germans.", "Think tank __knowledge__ A think tank, policy institute, or research institute is an organisation that performs research and advocacy concerning topics such as social policy, political strategy, economics, military, technology, and culture.", "Think tank __knowledge__ Most policy institutes are non-profit organisations, which some countries such as the United States and Canada provide with tax exempt status.", "Think tank __knowledge__ Other think tanks are funded by governments, advocacy groups, or corporations, and derive revenue from consulting or research work related to their projects.", "Think tank __knowledge__ The following article lists global policy institutes according to continental categories, and then sub-categories by country within those areas.", "Enoch Powell __knowledge__ John Enoch Powell, MBE (16 June 1912 – ) was a British politician, classical scholar, philologist, and poet.", "Enoch Powell __knowledge__ He served as a Conservative Member of Parliament (MP, 1950–74), Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) MP (1974–87), and Minister of Health (1960–63).", "Enoch Powell __knowledge__ Before entering politics, Powell was a classical scholar, becoming a full professor of ancient Greek at the age of 25 in Australia.", "Enoch Powell __knowledge__ During the Second World War, he served in both staff and intelligence positions, reaching the rank of brigadier in his early thirties.", "Enoch Powell __knowledge__ He also wrote poetry; his first works being published in 1937, as well as many books on classical and political subjects.", "Arthur de Gobineau __knowledge__ Count Joseph Arthur de Gobineau (14 July 1816 – 13 October 1882) was a French aristocrat who was best known by his contemporaries as a novelist, diplomat and travel writer but is today most remembered for developing the theory of the Aryan master race and helping to legitimise racism by scientific racist theory and \"racial demography\".", "Arthur de Gobineau __knowledge__ Gobineau was an elitist who, in the immediate aftermath of the Revolutions of 1848, wrote a 1400-page book, \"An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races\", in which he claimed that aristocrats were superior to commoners and that they possessed more Aryan genetic traits because of less interbreeding with inferior races (Alpines and Mediterraneans).", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ The northern goshawk (Old English: \"gōsheafoc\", \"goose-hawk\"), Accipiter gentilis, is a medium-large raptor in the family Accipitridae, which also includes other extant diurnal raptors, such as eagles, buzzards and harriers.", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ As a species in the \"Accipiter\" genus, the goshawk is often considered a \"true hawk\".", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ The scientific name is Latin; \"Accipiter\" is \"hawk\", from \"accipere\", \"to grasp\", and \"gentilis\" is \"noble\" or \"gentle\" because in the Middle Ages only the nobility were permitted to fly goshawks for falconry.", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ This species was first described under its current scientific name by Linnaeus in his \"Systema naturae\" in 1758.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ United Kingdom labour law regulates the relations between workers, employers and trade unions.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ People at work in the UK benefit from a minimum charter of employment rights, which are found in various Acts, Regulations, common law and equity.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ This includes the right to a minimum wage of £7.50 for over 25-year-olds under the National Minimum Wage Act 1998.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ The Working Time Regulations 1998 give the right to 28 days paid holidays, breaks from work, and attempts to limit excessively long working hours.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ The Employment Rights Act 1996 gives the right to leave for child care, and the right to request flexible working patterns.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "Mahatma Gandhi __knowledge__ Mahātmā Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (; ; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian activist who was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule.", "Mahatma Gandhi __knowledge__ Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.", "Mahatma Gandhi __knowledge__ The honorific Mahātmā (Sanskrit: \"high-souled\", \"venerable\")—applied to him first in 1914 in South Africa—is now used worldwide.", "Mahatma Gandhi __knowledge__ In India, he is also called Bapu (Gujarati: endearment for \"father\", \"papa\") and Gandhi ji.", "Mahatma Gandhi __knowledge__ He is unofficially called the \"Father of the Nation.\"", "Mahatma Gandhi __knowledge__ Born and raised in a Hindu merchant caste family in coastal Gujarat, western India, and trained in law at the Inner Temple, London, Gandhi first employed nonviolent civil disobedience as an expatriate lawyer in South Africa, in the resident Indian community's struggle for civil rights." ] ]

[ 2, 3, 9, 1, 8 ]

[ "I wanted to take a break before graduate school, but I chose not to", "Yeah people do lots of activities. like travel, work, internships, language studies, etc", "You are not alone though, in 2016, even Obama's daughter Malia announced her plan for a gap year", "Yeah sometimes it can be good to get time to mature and get a better outlook so you can go in with a better vision, but some people do not approve of that", "it is gaining traction in the united states, it was promoted a lot by cornellius bull, back in 1980" ]

[ "Gap year", "Gap year", "Gap year", "Gap year", "Gap year" ]

[ "Dentist\nMy husband is a dentist he fixes teeth", "Yes he also treats gum disease", "No he does not lol its a hard job and he works long hours", "Yes and its expensive to have a private practice with equipment and insurance costs", "Yes but he also works at a free dental clinic for kids who need it but can't afford it" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dentist __knowledge__ A dentist, also known as a dental surgeon, is a surgeon who specializes in dentistry, the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and in some states, dental therapists.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In China as well as France, the first people to perform dentistry were barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ They have been categorized into 2 distinct groups: guild of barbers and lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The first group, the Guild of Barbers, was created to distinguish more educated and qualified dental surgeons from lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Guild barbers were trained to do complex surgeries.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The second group, the lay barbers, were qualified to perform regular hygienic services such as shaving and tooth extraction as well as basic surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ However, in 1400 France made decrees prohibiting lay barbers from practicing all types of surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In Germany as well as France from 1530 to 1575 publications completely devoted to dentistry were being published.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Ambrose Pare, often known as the Father of Surgery, published his own work about the proper maintenance and treatment of teeth.", "Dental braces __knowledge__ Dental braces (also known as braces, orthodontic cases, or cases) are devices used in orthodontics that align and straighten teeth and help position them with regard to a person's bite, while also aiming to improve dental health.", "Dental braces __knowledge__ They are often used to correct underbites, as well as malocclusions, overbites, open bites, deep bites, cross bites, crooked teeth, and various other flaws of the teeth and jaw.", "Dental braces __knowledge__ Braces can be either cosmetic or structural.", "Dental braces __knowledge__ Dental braces are often used in conjunction with other orthodontic appliances to help widen the palate or jaws and to otherwise assist in shaping the teeth and jaws.", "Dentures __knowledge__ Dentures (also known as false teeth) are prosthetic devices constructed to replace missing teeth; they are supported by the surrounding soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity.", "Dentures __knowledge__ Conventional dentures are removable (removable partial denture or complete denture).", "Dentures __knowledge__ However, there are many denture designs, some which rely on bonding or clasping onto teeth or dental implants (fixed prosthodontics).", "Dentures __knowledge__ There are two main categories of dentures, the distinction being whether they are used to replace missing teeth on the mandibular arch or on the maxillary arch.", "Dentures __knowledge__ Patients can become entirely edentulous (without teeth) for many reasons, the most prevalent being removal due to dental disease typically relating to oral flora control, i.e., periodontal disease and tooth decay.", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ A crown is a type of dental restoration which completely caps or encircles a tooth or dental implant.", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ Crowns are often needed when a large cavity threatens the ongoing health of a tooth.", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ They are typically bonded to the tooth using a dental cement.", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ Crowns can be made from many materials, which are usually fabricated using \"indirect methods\".", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ Crowns are often used to improve the strength or appearance of teeth.", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ While inarguably beneficial to dental health, the procedure and materials can be relatively expensive.", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ The most common method of crowning a tooth involves using a dental impression of a prepared tooth by a dentist to fabricate the crown outside of the mouth.", "Tooth whitening __knowledge__ Tooth whitening (termed tooth bleaching when utilizing bleach), is either the restoration of a natural tooth shade or whitening beyond the natural shade.", "Tooth whitening __knowledge__ Restoration of the underlying, natural tooth shade is possible by simply removing surface stains caused by extrinsic factors such as tea, coffee, red wine and tobacco.", "Tooth whitening __knowledge__ The buildup of calculus and tartar can also influence the staining of teeth.", "Tooth whitening __knowledge__ This restoration of the natural tooth shade is achieved by having the teeth cleaned by a dental professional (commonly termed \"scaling and polishing\"), or at home by various oral hygiene methods.", "Tooth whitening __knowledge__ Calculus and tartar are difficult to remove without a professional clean.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Dentistry is a branch of medicine that consists of the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral cavity, commonly in the dentition but also the oral mucosa, and of adjacent and related structures and tissues, particularly in the maxillofacial (jaw and facial) area.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Although primarily associated with teeth among the general public, the field of dentistry or dental medicine is not limited to teeth but includes other aspects of the craniofacial complex including the temporomandibular and other supporting structures.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Dentistry is often also understood to subsume the now largely defunct medical specialty of stomatology (the study of the mouth and its disorders and diseases) for which reason the two terms are used interchangeably in certain regions.", "Dental avulsion __knowledge__ Dental avulsion is the complete displacement of a tooth from its socket in alveolar bone owing to trauma.", "Dental avulsion __knowledge__ The treatment for permanent teeth consists of replantation, immediately if possible.", "Dental avulsion __knowledge__ Deciduous teeth should not be replanted due to the risk of damaging the permanent tooth germ.", "Dental avulsion __knowledge__ Immediate replantation ensures the best possible prognosis but is not always possible since more serious injuries may be present.", "Dental avulsion __knowledge__ Studies have shown that teeth that are protected in a physiologically ideal media can be replanted within 15 minutes to one hour after the accident with good prognosis.", "Dental avulsion __knowledge__ The success of delayed replantation depends on the vitality of the cells remaining on the root surface.", "Endodontic therapy __knowledge__ Endodontic therapy, also known as endodontic treatment or root canal therapy, is a treatment sequence for the infected pulp of a tooth which results in the elimination of infection and the protection of the decontaminated tooth from future microbial invasion.", "Endodontic therapy __knowledge__ Root canals, and their associated pulp chamber, are the physical hollows within a tooth that are naturally inhabited by nerve tissue, blood vessels and other cellular entities.", "Endodontic therapy __knowledge__ Together, these items constitute the dental pulp.", "Endodontic therapy __knowledge__ Endodontic therapy involves the \"removal\" of these structures, the subsequent shaping, cleaning, and decontamination of the hollows with small files and irrigating solutions, and the \"obturation\" (filling) of the decontaminated canals." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dentist __knowledge__ A dentist, also known as a dental surgeon, is a surgeon who specializes in dentistry, the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and in some states, dental therapists.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In China as well as France, the first people to perform dentistry were barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ They have been categorized into 2 distinct groups: guild of barbers and lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The first group, the Guild of Barbers, was created to distinguish more educated and qualified dental surgeons from lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Guild barbers were trained to do complex surgeries.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The second group, the lay barbers, were qualified to perform regular hygienic services such as shaving and tooth extraction as well as basic surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ However, in 1400 France made decrees prohibiting lay barbers from practicing all types of surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In Germany as well as France from 1530 to 1575 publications completely devoted to dentistry were being published.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Ambrose Pare, often known as the Father of Surgery, published his own work about the proper maintenance and treatment of teeth.", "Periodontitis __knowledge__ Periodontitis, also known as gum disease and pyorrhea, is a set of inflammatory diseases affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth.", "Periodontitis __knowledge__ Periodontitis involves progressive loss of the alveolar bone around the teeth, and if left untreated, can lead to the loosening and subsequent loss of teeth.", "Periodontitis __knowledge__ Periodontitis is caused by microorganisms that adhere to and grow on the tooth's surfaces, along with an over-aggressive immune response against these microorganisms.", "Periodontitis __knowledge__ A diagnosis of periodontitis is established by inspecting the soft gum tissues around the teeth with a probe (i.e., a clinical examination) and by evaluating the patient's X-ray films (i.e., a radiographic examination), to determine the amount of bone loss around the teeth.", "Bad breath __knowledge__ Bad breath, also known as halitosis, is a symptom in which a noticeably unpleasant odor is present on the breath.", "Bad breath __knowledge__ It can result in anxiety among those affected.", "Bad breath __knowledge__ It is also associated with depression and symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder.", "Bad breath __knowledge__ Concerns of bad breath may be divided into genuine and non-genuine cases.", "Bad breath __knowledge__ Of those who have genuine bad breath, about 85% of cases come from inside the mouth.", "Bad breath __knowledge__ The remaining cases are believed to be due to disorders in the nose, sinuses, throat, lungs, esophagus, or stomach.", "Bad breath __knowledge__ Rarely, bad breath can be due to an underlying medical condition such as liver failure or ketoacidosis.", "List of All Creatures Great and Small episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of all 90 television episodes from the British television series \"All Creatures Great and Small\".", "List of All Creatures Great and Small episodes __knowledge__ Dates shown are original broadcast dates on BBC One.", "List of All Creatures Great and Small episodes __knowledge__ The core quartet of characters — James Herriot, Siegfried Farnon, Tristan Farnon and Helen Herriot (née Alderson) — appear, unless otherwise stated.", "List of All Creatures Great and Small episodes __knowledge__ James and Siegfried are the only two characters to appear in every episode.", "List of All Creatures Great and Small episodes __knowledge__ Tristan appears in 65 episodes, Helen in 87.", "List of All Creatures Great and Small episodes __knowledge__ The final appearances of regular cast members are also noted.", "List of All Creatures Great and Small episodes __knowledge__ The opening credits, filmed in 1977 for the first three series, feature Siegfried and James driving around the Dales and, at one point, sharing a laugh in the car.", "Oral hygiene __knowledge__ Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping one's mouth clean and free of disease and other problems (e.g.", "Oral hygiene __knowledge__ bad breath) by regular brushing and cleaning between the teeth.", "Oral hygiene __knowledge__ It is important that oral hygiene be carried out on a regular basis to enable prevention of dental disease.", "Oral hygiene __knowledge__ The most common types of dental disease are tooth decay (\"cavities\", \"dental caries\") and gum diseases, including gingivitis, and periodontitis.", "Oral hygiene __knowledge__ Regular brushing consists of brushing twice a day: after breakfast and before going to bed.", "Oral hygiene __knowledge__ Cleaning between the teeth is called interdental cleaning and is as important as tooth brushing.", "Dog health __knowledge__ The health of dogs is a well studied area in veterinary medicine.", "Dog health __knowledge__ Infectious diseases that affect dogs are important not only from a veterinary standpoint, but also because of the risk to public health; an example of this is rabies.", "Dog health __knowledge__ Genetic disorders also affect dogs, often due to selective breeding to produce individual dog breeds.", "Dog health __knowledge__ Due to the popularity of both commercial and homemade dog foods, nutrition is also a heavily studied subject.", "Dog health __knowledge__ Some diseases and other health problems are common to both humans and dogs; others are unique to dogs and other animals.", "Dog health __knowledge__ Dogs are susceptible to various diseases; similarly to humans, they can have diabetes, epilepsy, cancer, or arthritis.", "Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS __knowledge__ The spread of HIV/AIDS has affected millions of people worldwide; AIDS is considered a pandemic.", "Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS __knowledge__ In 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that there are 33.4 million people worldwide living with HIV/AIDS, with 2.7 million new HIV infections per year and 2 million annual deaths due to AIDS.", "Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS __knowledge__ In 2007, UNAIDS estimated: 33.2 million people worldwide were living with HIV; AIDS killed 2.1 million people in the course of that year, including 330,000 children, and 76% of those deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa.", "Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS __knowledge__ According to the UNAIDS 2009 report, some 60 million people worldwide have been infected with HIV, resulting in approximately 25 million deaths and 14 million orphaned children in southern Africa alone since the epidemic began decades ago.", "Diabetes management __knowledge__ The term \"diabetes\" includes several different metabolic disorders that all, if left untreated, result in abnormally high concentration of a sugar called glucose in the blood.", "Diabetes management __knowledge__ Diabetes mellitus type 1 results when the pancreas no longer produces significant amounts of the hormone insulin, usually owing to the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas.", "Diabetes management __knowledge__ Diabetes mellitus type 2, in contrast, is now thought to result from autoimmune attacks on the pancreas and/or insulin resistance.", "Diabetes management __knowledge__ The pancreas of a person with type 2 diabetes may be producing normal or even abnormally large amounts of insulin.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Dentistry is a branch of medicine that consists of the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral cavity, commonly in the dentition but also the oral mucosa, and of adjacent and related structures and tissues, particularly in the maxillofacial (jaw and facial) area.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Although primarily associated with teeth among the general public, the field of dentistry or dental medicine is not limited to teeth but includes other aspects of the craniofacial complex including the temporomandibular and other supporting structures.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Dentistry is often also understood to subsume the now largely defunct medical specialty of stomatology (the study of the mouth and its disorders and diseases) for which reason the two terms are used interchangeably in certain regions.", "Streptococcus mutans __knowledge__ Streptococcus mutans is a facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive coccus (round bacterium) commonly found in the human oral cavity and is a significant contributor to tooth decay.", "Streptococcus mutans __knowledge__ It is part of the \"streptococci\" (plural, non-italic lowercase), an informal general name for all species in the genus \"Streptococcus\".The microbe was first described by J Kilian Clarke in 1924.", "Streptococcus mutans __knowledge__ This bacterium, along with the closely related species \"Streptococcus sobrinus\", can cohabit the mouth: Both contribute to oral disease, and the expense of differentiating them in laboratory testing is often not clinically necessary.", "Tooth decay __knowledge__ Tooth decay, also known as dental caries or cavities, is a breakdown of teeth due to acids made by bacteria.", "Tooth decay __knowledge__ The cavities may be a number of different colors from yellow to black.", "Tooth decay __knowledge__ Symptoms may include pain and difficulty with eating.", "Tooth decay __knowledge__ Complications may include inflammation of the tissue around the tooth, tooth loss, and infection or abscess formation.", "Tooth decay __knowledge__ The cause of caries is acid from bacteria dissolving the hard tissues of the teeth (enamel, dentin and cementum).", "Tooth decay __knowledge__ The acid is produced by the bacteria when they breakdown food debris or sugar on the tooth surface.", "Tooth decay __knowledge__ Simple sugars in food are these bacteria's primary energy source and thus a diet high in simple sugar is a risk factor.", "Oil pulling __knowledge__ Oil pulling or oil swishing is a traditional Indian folk remedy that has been practised for many years where oil is \"swished around\" (kavala graha) or \"held\" (snigda gandoosha) in the mouth.", "Oil pulling __knowledge__ The technique of oil pulling involves sipping and sucking or \"pulling between teeth\" one tablespoon of oil in the oral cavity, such as coconut oil, sesame oil, or sunflower oil, for approximately 15–20 minutes then spitting it out.", "Oil pulling __knowledge__ It is believed to \"pull out\" harmful microorganisms or toxins from the blood through a possible saponification and emulsification process involving the fatty lipids in the microorganism and toxins’ membrane layer.", "Dental hygienist __knowledge__ A dental hygienist or oral hygienist is a licensed dental professional, registered with a dental association, or regulatory body within their country of practice.", "Dental hygienist __knowledge__ They are primary healthcare professionals who work independently of or alongside dentists and other dental professionals to provide full oral health care.", "Dental hygienist __knowledge__ They have the training and education that focus on and specialize in the prevention and treatment of many oral disease.", "Dental hygienist __knowledge__ The dental hygienist is a primary resource for oral cancer screening and prevention.", "Dental hygienist __knowledge__ Most importantly, they spend a large amount of time at each patient visit looking at the soft tissues of the oral cavity, where the early manifestations of oral cancer occur.", "Articulatory phonetics __knowledge__ The field of articulatory phonetics is a subfield of phonetics.", "Articulatory phonetics __knowledge__ In studying articulation, phoneticians explain how humans produce speech sounds via the interaction of different physiological structures.", "Articulatory phonetics __knowledge__ Generally, articulatory phonetics is concerned with the transformation of aerodynamic energy into acoustic energy.", "Articulatory phonetics __knowledge__ Aerodynamic energy refers to the airflow through the vocal tract.", "Articulatory phonetics __knowledge__ Its potential form is air pressure; its kinetic form is the actual dynamic airflow.", "Articulatory phonetics __knowledge__ Acoustic energy is variation in the air pressure that can be represented as sound waves, which are then perceived by the human auditory system as sound." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dentist __knowledge__ A dentist, also known as a dental surgeon, is a surgeon who specializes in dentistry, the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and in some states, dental therapists.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In China as well as France, the first people to perform dentistry were barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ They have been categorized into 2 distinct groups: guild of barbers and lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The first group, the Guild of Barbers, was created to distinguish more educated and qualified dental surgeons from lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Guild barbers were trained to do complex surgeries.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The second group, the lay barbers, were qualified to perform regular hygienic services such as shaving and tooth extraction as well as basic surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ However, in 1400 France made decrees prohibiting lay barbers from practicing all types of surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In Germany as well as France from 1530 to 1575 publications completely devoted to dentistry were being published.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Ambrose Pare, often known as the Father of Surgery, published his own work about the proper maintenance and treatment of teeth.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ This Is England '90 is a 2015 British TV drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne and produced by Warp Films.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ A spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\", it is also a sequel to the series \"This Is England '86\" and \"This Is England '88\".", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ \"This Is England '90\" was originally due in late 2012, but in July 2012, Meadows announced that the production had been put on hold in order for him to complete his The Stone Roses, and the actors were still waiting for confirmation as to when filming would start.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ In March 2014, Meadows confirmed that shooting would start later in the year although he had not yet finished the script.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ Le ravissement de Lol V. Stein is a novel written by Marguerite Duras and published in France by Gallimard in 1964.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was translated by Richard Seaver and published as \"The Ravishing of Lol Stein\" in the US by Grove Press in 1966.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was also translated by Eileen Ellenbogen in the UK as \"The rapture of Lol V. Stein\" for Hamish Hamilton in 1967.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ At the beginning of the novel, Lol Stein (her middle initial is omitted in the English translation) is a woman in her thirties.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ She was born and raised in South Tahla in a bourgeois family and is engaged to Michael Richardson at 19.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ However, at a ball in the seaside resort of Town Beach, Michael Richardson leaves Lol for Anne-Marie Stretter, an older woman.", "List of The Story of Tracy Beaker characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that were introduced in CBBC's \"The Story of Tracy Beaker\".", "List of The Story of Tracy Beaker characters __knowledge__ The series is based on the book of the same name by Jacqueline Wilson.", "List of The Story of Tracy Beaker characters __knowledge__ It ran on for five series from 2002 to 2005.", "List of The Story of Tracy Beaker characters __knowledge__ The series was followed by \"Tracy Beaker Returns\" that ran for three series from 2010 to 2012 and then \"The Dumping Ground\" that has aired since 2013.", "List of The Story of Tracy Beaker characters __knowledge__ Connor Byrne has played the role of Mike Milligan for all three programmes.", "List of The Story of Tracy Beaker characters __knowledge__ Dani Harmer and Lisa Coleman reprised their roles as Tracy Beaker and Cam Lawson for \"Tracy Beaker Returns\".", "List of The Story of Tracy Beaker characters __knowledge__ Tracy Beaker, played by actress Dani Harmer, is the main (and title) character throughout \"The Story of Tracy Beaker\" and \"Tracy Beaker Returns\".", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ This Is England '88 is a 2011 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne as a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ It is also a sequel to the 2010 television sequel-series \"This Is England '86\", set two and a half years later and starring as previously Thomas Turgoose as Shaun, Vicky McClure as Lol and Joe Gilgun as Woody.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ Set during Christmas 1988, Lol is haunted by the devastating events that took place two and a half years before.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ She and Woody both find themselves struggling to cope with their lives without each other after he leaves the gang.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ Lol is carrying the burden of her guilt, whilst Woody is trying to build a domestic life with a new girlfriend and a potential promotion at work.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Robert James Smith (born 21 April 1959) is an English singer, songwriter and musician.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He is the lead singer, guitarist, multi instrumentalist, lyricist, principal songwriter and only consistent member of the rock band The Cure, which he co-founded in 1976.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He was also the lead guitarist for the band Siouxsie and the Banshees from 1982 to 1984 and was part of the short-lived group The Glove in 1983.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith is known for his distinctive voice and unique stage look, the latter of which was influential on the Goth subculture that rose to prominence in the 1980s.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith was born in the Lancashire town of Blackpool and is the third of four children born to James Alexander and Rita Mary (née Emmott) Smith.", "Bad breath __knowledge__ Bad breath, also known as halitosis, is a symptom in which a noticeably unpleasant odor is present on the breath.", "Bad breath __knowledge__ It can result in anxiety among those affected.", "Bad breath __knowledge__ It is also associated with depression and symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder.", "Bad breath __knowledge__ Concerns of bad breath may be divided into genuine and non-genuine cases.", "Bad breath __knowledge__ Of those who have genuine bad breath, about 85% of cases come from inside the mouth.", "Bad breath __knowledge__ The remaining cases are believed to be due to disorders in the nose, sinuses, throat, lungs, esophagus, or stomach.", "Bad breath __knowledge__ Rarely, bad breath can be due to an underlying medical condition such as liver failure or ketoacidosis.", "Olfactory reference syndrome __knowledge__ Olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) is a psychiatric condition in which there is a persistent false belief and preoccupation with the idea of emitting abnormal body odors which the patient thinks that are foul and offensive to other individuals.", "Olfactory reference syndrome __knowledge__ People with this condition often misinterpret others' behaviors, e.g.", "Olfactory reference syndrome __knowledge__ sniffing, touching nose or opening a window, as being referential to an unpleasant body odor which in reality is non-existent and can not be detected by other people.", "Olfactory reference syndrome __knowledge__ This disorder is often accompanied by shame, embarrassment, significant distress, avoidance behavior, social phobia and social isolation.", "Chewing gum __knowledge__ Chewing gum is a soft, cohesive substance designed to be chewed without being swallowed.", "Chewing gum __knowledge__ Modern chewing gum is composed of gum base, sweeteners, softeners/plasticizers, flavors, colors, and, typically, a hard or powdered polyol coating.", "Chewing gum __knowledge__ Its texture is reminiscent of rubber because of the physical-chemical properties of its polymer, plasticizer, and resin components, which contribute to its elastic-plastic, sticky, chewy characteristics.", "Chewing gum __knowledge__ The cultural tradition of chewing gum seems to have developed through a convergent evolution process, as traces of this habit have arisen separately in many of the early civilizations.", "Tongue cleaner __knowledge__ A tongue cleaner (also called a tongue scraper or tongue brush) is an oral hygiene device designed to clean the coating on the upper surface of the tongue.", "Tongue cleaner __knowledge__ While there is tentative benefit from the use of a tongue cleaner it is insufficient to draw clear conclusions regarding bad breath.", "Tongue cleaner __knowledge__ A 2006 Cochrane review found tentative evidence of decreased levels of odor molecules.", "Tongue cleaner __knowledge__ The large surface area and lingual papilla are anatomical features of the tongue that promote tongue coating by retaining microorganisms and oral debris consisting of food, saliva and dead epithelial cells.", "Tongue cleaner __knowledge__ Tongue cleaning is done less often than tooth brushing, flossing, and using mouthwash.", "Halimeter __knowledge__ A Halimeter is an instrument for measurement of the level of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in the mouth.", "Halimeter __knowledge__ Halimeter was introduced in the early 1990s as an adjunct method for determining halitosis (bad breath, oral malodor) levels, alongside human assessment of odor levels (the latter is considered the gold standard).", "Halimeter __knowledge__ The instrument measures parts per billion levels of hydrogen sulfide and, to a lesser extent, methyl mercaptan, two gases which were previously shown to be associated with bad breath using gas chromatograph by Dr. Joseph Tonzetich in the late 1960s.", "Halimeter __knowledge__ The Halimeter is manufactured by Interscan Corp. in California, and based on their earlier model 1170 portable sulfide monitor.", "Oral hygiene __knowledge__ Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping one's mouth clean and free of disease and other problems (e.g.", "Oral hygiene __knowledge__ bad breath) by regular brushing and cleaning between the teeth.", "Oral hygiene __knowledge__ It is important that oral hygiene be carried out on a regular basis to enable prevention of dental disease.", "Oral hygiene __knowledge__ The most common types of dental disease are tooth decay (\"cavities\", \"dental caries\") and gum diseases, including gingivitis, and periodontitis.", "Oral hygiene __knowledge__ Regular brushing consists of brushing twice a day: after breakfast and before going to bed.", "Oral hygiene __knowledge__ Cleaning between the teeth is called interdental cleaning and is as important as tooth brushing.", "Mouthwash __knowledge__ Mouthwash, mouth rinse, oral rinse or mouth bath, is a liquid which is held in the mouth passively or swilled around the mouth by contraction of the perioral muscles and/or movement of the head, and may be gargled, where the head is tilted back and the liquid bubbled at the back of the mouth.", "Mouthwash __knowledge__ Usually mouthwashes are antiseptic solutions intended to reduce the microbial load in the oral cavity, although other mouthwashes might be given for other reasons such as for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory or anti-fungal action.", "Mouthwash __knowledge__ Additionally, some rinses act as saliva substitutes to neutralize acid and keep the mouth moist in xerostomia (dry mouth)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dentist __knowledge__ A dentist, also known as a dental surgeon, is a surgeon who specializes in dentistry, the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and in some states, dental therapists.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In China as well as France, the first people to perform dentistry were barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ They have been categorized into 2 distinct groups: guild of barbers and lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The first group, the Guild of Barbers, was created to distinguish more educated and qualified dental surgeons from lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Guild barbers were trained to do complex surgeries.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The second group, the lay barbers, were qualified to perform regular hygienic services such as shaving and tooth extraction as well as basic surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ However, in 1400 France made decrees prohibiting lay barbers from practicing all types of surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In Germany as well as France from 1530 to 1575 publications completely devoted to dentistry were being published.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Ambrose Pare, often known as the Father of Surgery, published his own work about the proper maintenance and treatment of teeth.", "Health care finance in the United States __knowledge__ Health care finance in the United States discusses how Americans obtain and pay for their healthcare, and why U.S. healthcare costs are the highest in the world based on various measures, without better results.", "Health care finance in the United States __knowledge__ The American system is a mix of public and private insurance.", "Health care finance in the United States __knowledge__ The government provides insurance coverage for approximately 53 million elderly via Medicare, 62 million lower-income persons via Medicaid, and 15 million military veterans via the Veteran's Administration.", "Health care finance in the United States __knowledge__ About 178 million employed by companies receive subsidized health insurance through their employer, while 52 million other persons directly purchase insurance either via the subsidized marketplace exchanges developed as part of the Affordable Care Act or directly from insurers.", "Economics of nuclear power plants __knowledge__ New nuclear power plants typically have high capital costs for building the first several plants, after which costs tend to fall for each additional plant built as the supply chains develop and the regulatory processes improve.", "Economics of nuclear power plants __knowledge__ Fuel, operational, and maintenance costs are relatively small components of the total cost.", "Economics of nuclear power plants __knowledge__ The long service life and high productivity of nuclear power plants allow sufficient funds for ultimate plant decommissioning and waste storage and management to be accumulated, with little impact on the price per unit of electricity generated.", "Economics of nuclear power plants __knowledge__ Additionally, measures to mitigate climate change such as a carbon tax or carbon emissions trading, would favor the economics of nuclear power over fossil fuel power.", "Health systems by country __knowledge__ This article provides a brief overview of the health systems of the world, sorted by continent.", "Health systems by country __knowledge__ When Algeria gained its independence from France in 1962, there were only around 300 doctors across the whole country and no proper system of healthcare.", "Health systems by country __knowledge__ Over the next few decades, great progress was made in building up the health sector, with the training of doctors and the creation of many health facilities.", "Health systems by country __knowledge__ Today, Algeria has an established network of hospitals (including university hospitals), clinics, medical centres and small health units or dispensaries.", "Health systems by country __knowledge__ While equipment and medicines may not always be the latest available, staffing levels are high and the country has one of the best healthcare systems in Africa.", "Health care reforms proposed during the Obama administration __knowledge__ There were a number of different health care reforms proposed during the Obama administration.", "Health care reforms proposed during the Obama administration __knowledge__ Key reforms address cost and coverage and include obesity, prevention and treatment of chronic conditions, defensive medicine or tort reform, incentives that reward more care instead of better care, redundant payment systems, tax policy, rationing, a shortage of doctors and nurses, intervention vs. hospice, fraud, and use of imaging technology, among others.", "Health care reforms proposed during the Obama administration __knowledge__ The first of these reform proposals to be passed by the United States Congress is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, which originated in the Senate and was later passed by the House of Representatives in amended form on March 21, 2010 (with a vote of 219–212).", "Healthcare reform debate in the United States __knowledge__ The healthcare reform debate in the United States has been a political issue focusing upon increasing medical coverage, decreasing costs, insurance reform, and the philosophy of its provision, funding, and government involvement.", "Healthcare reform debate in the United States __knowledge__ Following the election of Barack Obama as president, who campaigned heavily on accomplishing health care reform, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) was enacted in March 2010.", "Healthcare reform debate in the United States __knowledge__ However, in the next election of Donald Trump as president, he campaigned to repeal and replace Obamacare and came up with a seven-point plan for healthcare reform.", "Healthcare reform debate in the United States __knowledge__ With this seven point plan President Trump discussed that the healthcare system would work based on free market principles.", "List of countries with universal health care __knowledge__ Universal health coverage is a broad concept that has been implemented in several ways.", "List of countries with universal health care __knowledge__ The common denominator for all such programs is some form of government action aimed at extending access to health care as widely as possible and setting minimum standards.", "List of countries with universal health care __knowledge__ Most implement universal health care through legislation, regulation and taxation.", "List of countries with universal health care __knowledge__ Legislation and regulation direct what care must be provided, to whom, and on what basis.", "List of countries with universal health care __knowledge__ Usually some costs are borne by the patient at the time of consumption but the bulk of costs come from a combination of compulsory insurance and tax revenues.", "List of countries with universal health care __knowledge__ Some programs are paid for entirely out of tax revenues.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ Health care in the United States is provided by many distinct organizations.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ Health care facilities are largely owned and operated by private sector businesses.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ 58% of US community hospitals are non-profit, 21% are government owned, and 21% are for-profit.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the United States spent more on health care per capita ($9,403), and more on health care as percentage of its GDP (17.1%), than any other nation in 2014.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ 64% of health spending was paid for by the government in 2013, funded via programs such as Medicare, Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program, and the Veterans Health Administration.", "I Get Lonely __knowledge__ \"I Get Lonely\" is a song by American singer Janet Jackson from her sixth album \"The Velvet Rope\" (1997).", "I Get Lonely __knowledge__ It was written by Jackson, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and Jackson's then-husband, René Elizondo, Jr.", "I Get Lonely __knowledge__ It was released in February 26, 1998 by Virgin Records as the album's third single.", "I Get Lonely __knowledge__ The track is a departure from Jackson's signature brand of dance-pop into a more R&B and quiet storm vibe.", "I Get Lonely __knowledge__ Lyrically, it expresses loneliness and the desire for an estranged lover.", "I Get Lonely __knowledge__ A remixed version of the song was featured by the American R&B group Blackstreet.", "I Get Lonely __knowledge__ \"I Get Lonely\" became Jackson's eighteenth consecutive top-ten hit on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, setting a record as the only female artist to achieve that feat, surpassed only by Elvis Presley and The Beatles.", "Africa Humanitarian Action __knowledge__ In 1994, the Rwandan Genocide unfolded before the world’s eyes and with it, several hundred thousand people were murdered in the heart of Africa.", "Africa Humanitarian Action __knowledge__ At this time, Dr. Dawit Zawde, a medical doctor in Ethiopia, noticed the lack of an African response and organized a medical team to respond out of Kigali.", "Africa Humanitarian Action __knowledge__ Formally launched in Addis Ababa, within months of its opening, Africa Humanitarian Action (AHA) sent two teams of young health and relief professionals during the Rwandan crisis.", "Africa Humanitarian Action __knowledge__ These professionals hailed from seven African countries—Benin, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Guinea, Malawi, Rwanda, and Senegal, becoming the first African-only NGO operating in Rwanda.", "National Health Service (England) __knowledge__ The National Health Service (NHS) is the publicly funded national healthcare system for England and one of the four National Health Services of the United Kingdom.", "National Health Service (England) __knowledge__ It is the largest single-payer healthcare system in the world.", "National Health Service (England) __knowledge__ Primarily funded through the general taxation system and overseen by the Department of Health, NHS England provides healthcare to all legal English residents, with most services free at the point of use.", "National Health Service (England) __knowledge__ Some services, such as emergency treatment and treatment of infectious diseases are free for everyone, including visitors.", "National Health Service (England) __knowledge__ Free healthcare at the point of use comes from the core principles at the founding of the National Health Service by the Labour government in 1948.", "The Velvet Rope __knowledge__ The Velvet Rope is the sixth studio album by American recording artist Janet Jackson.", "The Velvet Rope __knowledge__ The album was released on October 7, 1997 through Virgin Records America.", "The Velvet Rope __knowledge__ In 1996, she renegoatied her contract with Virgin.", "The Velvet Rope __knowledge__ The amount: a staggering $80 million dollars, the largest recording contract in history.", "The Velvet Rope __knowledge__ Upon discovering an emotional breakdown, Jackson began dealing a long-term case of depression, stemming from childhood and adolescent traumas, including body dysmorphia, anorexia and self-harm.", "The Velvet Rope __knowledge__ She in turn developed her new record as a concept album, using introspection as its theme.", "The Velvet Rope __knowledge__ Its title is a metaphor for emotional boundaries, as well as an allusion to an individual's need to feel special.", "Political positions of Ron Paul __knowledge__ The political positions of Ron Paul (L-TX), United States presidential candidate in 1988, 2008, and 2012, are generally described as libertarian, but have also been labeled conservative and constitutionalist.", "Political positions of Ron Paul __knowledge__ and Paul's nickname \"Dr. No\" reflects both his medical degree and his assertion that he will \"never vote for legislation unless the proposed measure is expressly authorized by the Constitution\".", "Political positions of Ron Paul __knowledge__ This position has frequently resulted in Paul casting the sole \"no\" vote against proposed legislation.", "Political positions of Ron Paul __knowledge__ The central tenet of Paul's political philosophy is that \"the proper role for government in America is to provide national defense, a court system for civil disputes, a criminal justice system for acts of force and fraud, and little else.\"", "Criticism of Walmart __knowledge__ Walmart has been criticized by groups and individuals, including labor unions and small-town advocates protesting against Walmart policies and business practices and their effects.", "Criticism of Walmart __knowledge__ Criticisms include charges of racial and gender discrimination, foreign product sourcing, treatment of product suppliers, environmental practices, the use of public subsidies, and the company's security policies.", "Criticism of Walmart __knowledge__ Walmart denies any wrongdoing and says that low prices are the result of efficiency.", "Criticism of Walmart __knowledge__ In 2005, labor unions created new organizations and websites to criticize the company, including Wake Up Wal-Mart (United Food and Commercial Workers) and Walmart Watch (Service Employees International Union)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dentist __knowledge__ A dentist, also known as a dental surgeon, is a surgeon who specializes in dentistry, the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and in some states, dental therapists.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In China as well as France, the first people to perform dentistry were barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ They have been categorized into 2 distinct groups: guild of barbers and lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The first group, the Guild of Barbers, was created to distinguish more educated and qualified dental surgeons from lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Guild barbers were trained to do complex surgeries.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The second group, the lay barbers, were qualified to perform regular hygienic services such as shaving and tooth extraction as well as basic surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ However, in 1400 France made decrees prohibiting lay barbers from practicing all types of surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In Germany as well as France from 1530 to 1575 publications completely devoted to dentistry were being published.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Ambrose Pare, often known as the Father of Surgery, published his own work about the proper maintenance and treatment of teeth.", "Mercy Ships __knowledge__ Mercy Ships is an international charity.", "Mercy Ships __knowledge__ Mercy Ships currently operates the largest non-governmental hospital ship in the world, providing humanitarian aid like free health care, community development projects, community health education, mental health programs, agriculture projects, and palliative care for terminally ill patients.", "Mercy Ships __knowledge__ Mercy Ships has operated in more than 57 developing nations and 18 developed nations around the world, with a current focus on the countries of Africa.", "Mercy Ships __knowledge__ The organization has its International Support Center (ISC) in Garden Valley, Texas.", "Mercy Ships __knowledge__ Mercy Ships also has 16 national resource offices in countries that include Spain, Britain, Canada, Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, South Africa, Australia, France, Korea, Denmark, Belgium, New Zealand, Sweden and Norway.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ Dentistry throughout the world is practised differently, and training in dentistry varies as well.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ Australian dentistry is overseen by the Australian Dental Council and the Dental Board of Australia The professional body for dentists is the Australian Dental Association.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ Dentists trained in Australia must meet the entry requirements of one of the Australian institutions offering dental courses, and then complete the required full-time academic training leading to a dental degree.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ If dentists wish to specialize, they must complete extra study after having had clinical experience.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ In order to practice dentistry in Australia (as of July 2010) you must obtain registration and licensing from the nationalized Dental Board of Australia.", "Homeless Not Toothless __knowledge__ Homeless Not Toothless (HNT), founded by Dr. Jay Grossman in 1992, is a non-profit organization of dentists who volunteer their time and who either pay for laboratory expenses or work with labs who donate dental work as their way of contributing to this worthy cause.", "Homeless Not Toothless __knowledge__ Homeless Not Toothless is committed to encouraging the health, care, and support for as many foster children as possible to have their dental needs met through a well-structured community of doctors and dentists.", "Homeless Not Toothless __knowledge__ The organization now has hundreds of dental practices, students and labs involved, volunteering their time and effort throughout the greater Los Angeles area and receives many of its patients through referrals by the Venice Family Clinic as well as local shelters.", "Small Smiles Dental Centers __knowledge__ Small Smiles Dental Centers is a privately owned US chain of dental clinics focused on serving children from low-income families.", "Small Smiles Dental Centers __knowledge__ As of March 2014 Small Smiles has 53 offices, and it says that it serves hundreds of thousands of children annually.", "Small Smiles Dental Centers __knowledge__ The parent company, Church Street Health Management (CSHM), has its headquarters in Suite 520 of the Castner-Knott Building in Nashville, Tennessee.", "Small Smiles Dental Centers __knowledge__ As of 2010 Church Street (previously known as Forba Holdings LLC or FORBA) is the largest dental management company in the United States.", "Small Smiles Dental Centers __knowledge__ Small Smiles is the largest dental chain for children in the United States.", "Meet Each Need with Dignity (MEND) __knowledge__ MEND - Meet Each Need with Dignity, generally referred to as MEND, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization serving the northeast San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles, California.", "Meet Each Need with Dignity (MEND) __knowledge__ Its services include the provision of food and clothing, health care, and education.", "Meet Each Need with Dignity (MEND) __knowledge__ It also operates a food bank that supplies 60 smaller pantries and charities in the region.", "Meet Each Need with Dignity (MEND) __knowledge__ With fewer than 30 full-time employees, it relies heavily on volunteers not only for services but also for operations and administration.", "Meet Each Need with Dignity (MEND) __knowledge__ According to the organization, this has resulted in limited expenses for administration and fundraising (generally less than 6% of annual revenues).", "Sister Maura Brannick Health Center __knowledge__ The Sister Maura Brannick Health Center is a primary care clinic located in South Bend, Indiana that is dedicated to the medically under-served of St. Joseph County.", "Sister Maura Brannick Health Center __knowledge__ Also known as the Chapin Street Clinic, the Health Center provides health and dental care to those who do not have access to Medicare or Medicaid and cannot afford private health insurance.", "Sister Maura Brannick Health Center __knowledge__ The Health Center employs one physician, two nurses, one medical assistant, one medical receptionist, one full-time Spanish interpreter, and two dental hygienists to serve approximately 1,000 patients.", "Sister Maura Brannick Health Center __knowledge__ The Health Center is unique among indigent clinics in that it relies largely on the assistance of around 40 volunteer physicians and around 40 student and community volunteers to meet the needs of its patients.", "United States Navy Dental Corps __knowledge__ The Dental Corps of the United States Navy consists of naval officers who have a doctorate in either dental surgery (DDS) or dental medicine (DMD) and who practice dentistry for Sailors and Marines to ensure optimal oral health.", "United States Navy Dental Corps __knowledge__ The U.S. Navy Dental Corps was established by an Act of Congress in 1912.", "United States Navy Dental Corps __knowledge__ Its membership consists of dental officers of the Navy and the United States Navy Reserve.", "United States Navy Dental Corps __knowledge__ The primary mission of the Corps is to prevent or remedy dental conditions that may interfere with the performance of duty by members of the active naval forces.", "United States Navy Dental Corps __knowledge__ In overseas locations, they sometimes also treat dependent family members.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Dentistry is a branch of medicine that consists of the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral cavity, commonly in the dentition but also the oral mucosa, and of adjacent and related structures and tissues, particularly in the maxillofacial (jaw and facial) area.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Although primarily associated with teeth among the general public, the field of dentistry or dental medicine is not limited to teeth but includes other aspects of the craniofacial complex including the temporomandibular and other supporting structures.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Dentistry is often also understood to subsume the now largely defunct medical specialty of stomatology (the study of the mouth and its disorders and diseases) for which reason the two terms are used interchangeably in certain regions.", "King's College London __knowledge__ King's College London (informally King's or KCL) is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom, and a founding constituent college of the federal University of London.", "King's College London __knowledge__ King's was established in 1829 by King George IV and the Duke of Wellington, when it received its first royal charter (as a university college), and claims to be the fourth oldest university institution in England.", "King's College London __knowledge__ In 1836, King's became one of the two founding colleges of the University of London.", "King's College London __knowledge__ In the late 20th century, King's grew through a series of mergers, including with Queen Elizabeth College and Chelsea College of Science and Technology (in 1985), the Institute of Psychiatry (in 1997), the United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals and the Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery (in 1998).", "Dentistry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Dentistry in the Philippines can be divided into five periods of dental practice.", "Dentistry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Using the timeline of Philippine history as a template, they are: the Pre-Spanish era (from the Prehistoric period to the Classical period), the Spanish era, the American era, the Japanese-occupation era (during World War II) and the independent Philippine-Republics era.", "Dentistry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The practice of extracting teeth has been practiced in the Philippines before the islands became a colony of Spain.", "Dentistry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Among the early Filipino to act as \"dental practitioners\" and \"curers of toothaches\" were barbers.", "Dentistry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Their crude and \"queer methods\" pulling out teeth from patients involved the use of fingers and nail-pliers.", "Dental degree __knowledge__ There are a number of professional degrees in dentistry offered by dental schools in various countries around the world.", "Dental degree __knowledge__ Degrees acknowledged worldwide across North America, Europe, Africa and Asia are: There are a number of post-graduate degrees in dentistry as well.", "Dental degree __knowledge__ In some universities, especially in the U.S., some post-graduate programs award Certificate only.", "Dental degree __knowledge__ In Commonwealth countries, the Royal Colleges of dentistry (or Faculty of Dentistry of the College) awards post-nominals upon completion of a series of examinations.", "Dental degree __knowledge__ In the U.S., most dental specialists attain Board Certification (Diplomate Status) by completing a series of written and oral examinations with the appropriate Boards.", "List of countries with universal health care __knowledge__ Universal health coverage is a broad concept that has been implemented in several ways.", "List of countries with universal health care __knowledge__ The common denominator for all such programs is some form of government action aimed at extending access to health care as widely as possible and setting minimum standards.", "List of countries with universal health care __knowledge__ Most implement universal health care through legislation, regulation and taxation.", "List of countries with universal health care __knowledge__ Legislation and regulation direct what care must be provided, to whom, and on what basis.", "List of countries with universal health care __knowledge__ Usually some costs are borne by the patient at the time of consumption but the bulk of costs come from a combination of compulsory insurance and tax revenues.", "List of countries with universal health care __knowledge__ Some programs are paid for entirely out of tax revenues." ] ]

[ 1, 16, 2, 1, 25 ]

[ "He is in a great career field we need dentist to prevent and do treatments for oral cavity.", "Gum disease is not a good sign it can also lead to halitosis it is bad breath and odor I know your husband don't like encounters with that lol.", "I would get lonely with him being away for long hours even though he is supporting aids and providing health services.", "Wow he has his own practice that is awesome and great but I can see where the cost come in insurance is increasing all together even with dental surgeon and dentistry. ", "That is even greater he is such an inspiration I heard of something similar it's called small smiles dental and they help children of low income families as well. " ]

[ "Dentist", "Dentist", "Dentist", "Dentist", "Dentist" ]

[ "Crunch Fitness", "Nope. What can you tell me about it?", "Oh cool! Is there anything particularly special about them?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Crunch Fitness __knowledge__ Crunch Fitness is a chain of over 225 American fitness clubs located in and around numerous major cities.", "Crunch Fitness __knowledge__ As of March 2011, the club had 30 locations in the following metropolitan areas: Chicago, Los Angeles, Palm Beach Gardens, Miami, New York City, Portland, Sacramento, San Diego, San Francisco, Sarasota, Tampa, and Washington, D.C. At various times, the club also had locations in Atlanta and Tokyo.", "Crunch Fitness __knowledge__ Crunch has extended operations to Australia in the last few years.", "Crunch Fitness __knowledge__ In Syndey, there are now four Crunch gyms located at Chatswood, Parramatta, Rockdale, Liverpool and Bankstown Crunch was founded in 1989 as a fitness studio by Doug Levine, a former stockbroker.", "Crunch Fitness __knowledge__ The clubs became popular by appealing to young upscale members and featuring heavy promotions and marketing with some humorous and sexual connotations.", "Crunch Fitness __knowledge__ They were initially profitable in large part due to successful promotion of logo merchandise sales within the clubs.", "Crunch Fitness __knowledge__ They featured some unusual classes such as pole dancing, bicycle-based yoga, coed wrestling, an \"Abs, Thighs and Gossip\" class run by a drag queen, and Capoeira.", "Crunch Fitness __knowledge__ Although the classes were later standardized across various locations, some popular offbeat classes remained, such as dodgeball and karaoke bicycling." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Crunch Fitness __knowledge__ Crunch Fitness is a chain of over 225 American fitness clubs located in and around numerous major cities.", "Crunch Fitness __knowledge__ As of March 2011, the club had 30 locations in the following metropolitan areas: Chicago, Los Angeles, Palm Beach Gardens, Miami, New York City, Portland, Sacramento, San Diego, San Francisco, Sarasota, Tampa, and Washington, D.C. At various times, the club also had locations in Atlanta and Tokyo.", "Crunch Fitness __knowledge__ Crunch has extended operations to Australia in the last few years.", "Crunch Fitness __knowledge__ In Syndey, there are now four Crunch gyms located at Chatswood, Parramatta, Rockdale, Liverpool and Bankstown Crunch was founded in 1989 as a fitness studio by Doug Levine, a former stockbroker.", "Crunch Fitness __knowledge__ The clubs became popular by appealing to young upscale members and featuring heavy promotions and marketing with some humorous and sexual connotations.", "Crunch Fitness __knowledge__ They were initially profitable in large part due to successful promotion of logo merchandise sales within the clubs.", "Crunch Fitness __knowledge__ They featured some unusual classes such as pole dancing, bicycle-based yoga, coed wrestling, an \"Abs, Thighs and Gossip\" class run by a drag queen, and Capoeira.", "Crunch Fitness __knowledge__ Although the classes were later standardized across various locations, some popular offbeat classes remained, such as dodgeball and karaoke bicycling.", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ The \"Tiny Toon Adventures\" animated television series features an extensive cast of characters.", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ The show's central characters are mostly various forms of anthropomorphic animals, based on Looney Tunes characters from earlier films and shows.", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ In the series, the characters attend a school called Acme Looniversity, set in the cartoon community of Acme Acres.", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ Buster Bunny (initially voiced by Charlie Adler and later by John Kassir) is a main character of the show along with Babs Bunny.", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ Buster is a young, blue-and-white male rabbit with a red shirt and white gloves.", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ Bugs Bunny is his mentor.", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ In the last episode, \"It's a Wonderful Tiny Toon Christmas Special\", Babs states that Buster is indeed her boyfriend.", "Yip Yips __knowledge__ The Yip Yips (also known as the Martians or aliens) are characters on the popular American children's television show \"Sesame Street\".", "Yip Yips __knowledge__ They are interplanetary visitors, from the planet Mars(in the first skit, as soon as they descend, their first words to each other are \"...Not Mars.\"", "Yip Yips __knowledge__ \"Nope.\").", "Yip Yips __knowledge__ They marvel at devices such as clocks, telephones and computers.", "Yip Yips __knowledge__ When frightened, each covers its face with the lower part of its jaw while making a distinctive \"goom\" noise.", "Yip Yips __knowledge__ In their skits, these creatures, with squid-like tentacles, large eyes, and antennae, materialize into a room and say, \"Yip-yip-yip-yip... Uh-huh.", "List of The Land Before Time characters __knowledge__ This is a list of recurring characters in \"The Land Before Time\", a series of animated children's films.", "List of The Land Before Time characters __knowledge__ The main characters include Littlefoot (\"Apatosaurus\"), Cera (\"Triceratops\"), Ducky (\"Saurolophus\"), Petrie (\"Pteranodon\"), Spike (\"Stegosaurus\"), and in the spin-off television series and , Chomper (\"Tyrannosaurus\") and Ruby (\"Oviraptor\").", "List of The Land Before Time characters __knowledge__ Other characters include the families of the main characters, the residents of their home, the Great Valley, and outsiders to the Great Valley.", "List of The Land Before Time characters __knowledge__ The idea for \"The Land Before Time\" came during production of \"An American Tail\".", "List of The Land Before Time characters __knowledge__ Steven Spielberg's studio Amblin Entertainment was interested in doing a film about dinosaurs, which were popular at the time, leading Spielberg, director Don Bluth, and producer George Lucas to develop the prehistoric setting and its cast.", "Beyond the Mat (Supernatural) __knowledge__ \"Beyond the Mat\" is the 15th episode of the paranormal drama television series \"Supernatural\"s season 11, and the 233rd overall.", "Beyond the Mat (Supernatural) __knowledge__ The episode was written by John Bring and Andrew Dabb and directed by Jerry Wanek.", "Beyond the Mat (Supernatural) __knowledge__ It was first broadcast on February 24, 2016 on The CW.", "Beyond the Mat (Supernatural) __knowledge__ In the episode, Sam and Dean investigate the case of the death of one of their favorite wrestlers, which may involve another wrestler.", "Beyond the Mat (Supernatural) __knowledge__ The episode received generally positive reviews with critics praising the humor and the guest stars.", "Beyond the Mat (Supernatural) __knowledge__ After one of their favorite wrestlers apparently commits suicide, Sam (Jared Padalecki) and Dean (Jensen Ackles) go to pay their respects only for a man at the wrestling show to get murdered with a strange symbol etched into his body.", "Asylum in Australia __knowledge__ Asylum in Australia is governed by statutes and Government policies which seek to implement Australia's obligations under the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, to which Australia is a party.", "Asylum in Australia __knowledge__ Thousands of refugees have sought asylum in Australia over the past decade, with the main forces driving movement being war, civil unrest and persecution.", "Asylum in Australia __knowledge__ The annual refugee quota is currently 20,000 people.", "Asylum in Australia __knowledge__ From 1945 to the early 1990s, more than half a million refugees and other displaced persons were accepted into Australia.", "Asylum in Australia __knowledge__ Historically, most asylum seekers arrived by plane.", "Asylum in Australia __knowledge__ However, there has been an increasing number of asylum seekers arriving by boat in recent years, which has been met with some public disapproval.", "Amanuban __knowledge__ Amanuban was a traditional princedom in West Timor, Indonesia.", "Amanuban __knowledge__ It lay in the regency (kabupaten) Timor Tengah Selatan.", "Amanuban __knowledge__ In the late colonial period, according to an estimate in 1930, Amanuban covered 2,075 square kilometers.", "Amanuban __knowledge__ The centre of the princedom since the 19th century was Niki-Niki.", "Amanuban __knowledge__ The population belongs to the Atoni group.", "Amanuban __knowledge__ Today they are predominantly Protestants, with a significant Catholic minority and some Muslims.", "Amanuban __knowledge__ The ancestor of the royal line is said to have come from Roti island, west of Timor.", "Amanuban __knowledge__ Amanuban is mentioned in Dutch sources as early as 1613, when the Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC) first approached Timor.", "Chuck Testa __knowledge__ Charles A.", "Chuck Testa __knowledge__ \"Chuck\" Testa (born 1956) is an American taxidermist and owner of Ojai Valley Taxidermy in California.", "Chuck Testa __knowledge__ A commercial for Testa's business created by Rhett and Link for the show \"Rhett & Link: Commercial Kings\" became a viral video, and the catchphrase \"Nope, Chuck Testa!\"", "Chuck Testa __knowledge__ became an internet meme.", "Chuck Testa __knowledge__ Testa was born and raised in the Ojai Valley.", "Chuck Testa __knowledge__ He managed his father's Baskin-Robbins store in Venice Beach, California, before he began preserving wildlife.", "Chuck Testa __knowledge__ In summer 2011, Testa's future son-in-law posted a commercial for Testa's business on YouTube.", "Chuck Testa __knowledge__ The video was originally created by Rhett and Link for the show \"Rhett & Link: Commercial Kings\" on IFC.", "Westfield Plaza Bonita __knowledge__ Westfield Plaza Bonita, formerly Plaza Bonita and Westfield Shopping Town Plaza Bonita, is a shopping mall in National City, California, owned by the Westfield Group (now Westfield Corporation).", "Westfield Plaza Bonita __knowledge__ Its anchor stores are JCPenney, AMC Theatres, Macy's, Target, Crunch Fitness (formerly Borders Group) and Nordstrom Rack The mall opened in 1981 anchored by JCPenney, Mervyn's, Montgomery Ward, and the May Company.", "Westfield Plaza Bonita __knowledge__ Westfield America, Inc., a precursor to The Westfield Group acquired the shopping center in 1994.", "Westfield Plaza Bonita __knowledge__ In mid-2006, the former Wards store, which had been the location of seasonal retailers (Halloween costumers and art shows) was stripped and gutted and a new plan was announced to the public that the South end of the mall would be demolished and rebuilt.", "List of Crash Bandicoot characters __knowledge__ \"Crash Bandicoot\" is a series of platform video games created by Andy Gavin and Jason Rubin.", "List of Crash Bandicoot characters __knowledge__ The game was currently published by Activision.", "List of Crash Bandicoot characters __knowledge__ The series was formerly developed by Naughty Dog from 1996 to 1999, and by Traveller's Tales, Eurocom and Vicarious Visions from 2000 to 2004.", "List of Crash Bandicoot characters __knowledge__ The series features a large cast of distinctive characters designed by numerous different artists, which include Charles Zembillas and Joe Pearson.", "List of Crash Bandicoot characters __knowledge__ It also features a cast of veteran voice actors.", "List of Crash Bandicoot characters __knowledge__ The series centers on the conflicts between a mutated bandicoot named Crash Bandicoot and his creator, Doctor Neo Cortex.", "Bally Total Fitness __knowledge__ Bally Total Fitness Holding Corporation was an American fitness club chain.", "Bally Total Fitness __knowledge__ In November 2011, Bally sold 171 Bally locations to competitor L.A.", "Bally Total Fitness __knowledge__ Fitness.", "Bally Total Fitness __knowledge__ In April 2012, Bally sold an additional 39 facilities to Blast Fitness.", "Bally Total Fitness __knowledge__ In December 2014, Bally sold most of its remaining gyms (an additional 32) to competitor 24 Hour Fitness.", "Bally Total Fitness __knowledge__ At its 2007 peak, prior to the filing of the first of two Chapter 11 bankruptcies, Bally operated nearly 440 facilities located in 29 U.S. states, Mexico, Canada, South Korea, China, and the Caribbean under the Bally Total Fitness, Crunch Fitness, Gorilla Sports, Pinnacle Fitness, Bally Sports Clubs, and Sports Clubs of Canada brands.", "List of Pandora Hearts characters __knowledge__ The \"Pandora Hearts\" manga and anime series features an extensive cast of fictional characters created by Jun Mochizuki.", "List of Pandora Hearts characters __knowledge__ The series revolves around Oz, heir to the Vessalius Dukedom, who has just turned fifteen.", "List of Pandora Hearts characters __knowledge__ His life is rich and carefree, darkened only by the constant absence of his father.", "List of Pandora Hearts characters __knowledge__ At his coming-of-age ceremony, everything changes.", "List of Pandora Hearts characters __knowledge__ For no reason that he can discern, Oz is cast into the prison known as the \"Abyss\", only to be saved by a girl known as Alice, the Bloodstained Black Rabbit.", "List of Pandora Hearts characters __knowledge__ The mystery there begins as Oz unravels the mystery behind Alice, the Abyss and the strange organization known as \"Pandora\".", "Lisa Marie Varon __knowledge__ Lisa Marie Varon (née Sole; born February 10, 1971) is an American professional wrestler, fitness competitor, and bodybuilder.", "Lisa Marie Varon __knowledge__ Varon began competing in fitness competitions and won ESPN2's \"Fitness America Series\" in 1997.", "Lisa Marie Varon __knowledge__ In 1999, she placed second at a fitness event in New York City to earn her International Federation of BodyBuilders (IFBB) Professional Fitness Card.", "Lisa Marie Varon __knowledge__ Through a chance meeting, Varon met World Wrestling Federation (WWF) performer Chyna, who encouraged her to become a professional wrestler.", "Lisa Marie Varon __knowledge__ She trained in the WWF's developmental territories for three years before being moved to the main roster to compete full-time under the ring name Victoria.", "Christopher Calvin Harrison __knowledge__ Christopher Calvin Harrison (born July 11, 1961) is an American director, dancer, acrobat, choreographer, fitness professional, and founder of performance troupe AntiGravity, Inc. and its spin-off fitness brand, AntiGravity Fitness.", "Christopher Calvin Harrison __knowledge__ Harrison began developing his movement style as a tumbling specialist and later as a dancer in Broadway theatre productions.", "Christopher Calvin Harrison __knowledge__ In 1990, he established the performance company AntiGravity, composed of athletes, acrobats, and former Olympic competitors, with Harrison serving as director.", "Christopher Calvin Harrison __knowledge__ They have been involved in various projects, including original theatrical productions, corporate events, and choreographing live performances, including the 2008 Neighborhood Inaugural Ball and the closing ceremonies of the 2002 Winter Olympics." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Crunch Fitness __knowledge__ Crunch Fitness is a chain of over 225 American fitness clubs located in and around numerous major cities.", "Crunch Fitness __knowledge__ As of March 2011, the club had 30 locations in the following metropolitan areas: Chicago, Los Angeles, Palm Beach Gardens, Miami, New York City, Portland, Sacramento, San Diego, San Francisco, Sarasota, Tampa, and Washington, D.C. At various times, the club also had locations in Atlanta and Tokyo.", "Crunch Fitness __knowledge__ Crunch has extended operations to Australia in the last few years.", "Crunch Fitness __knowledge__ In Syndey, there are now four Crunch gyms located at Chatswood, Parramatta, Rockdale, Liverpool and Bankstown Crunch was founded in 1989 as a fitness studio by Doug Levine, a former stockbroker.", "Crunch Fitness __knowledge__ The clubs became popular by appealing to young upscale members and featuring heavy promotions and marketing with some humorous and sexual connotations.", "Crunch Fitness __knowledge__ They were initially profitable in large part due to successful promotion of logo merchandise sales within the clubs.", "Crunch Fitness __knowledge__ They featured some unusual classes such as pole dancing, bicycle-based yoga, coed wrestling, an \"Abs, Thighs and Gossip\" class run by a drag queen, and Capoeira.", "Crunch Fitness __knowledge__ Although the classes were later standardized across various locations, some popular offbeat classes remained, such as dodgeball and karaoke bicycling.", "Don't Let's Start (Grey's Anatomy) __knowledge__ \"Don't Let's Start\" is the 6th episode of the eleventh season of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", and is the 226th episode overall.", "Don't Let's Start (Grey's Anatomy) __knowledge__ It aired on October 30, 2014 on ABC in the United States.", "Don't Let's Start (Grey's Anatomy) __knowledge__ The episode was written by Austin Guzman and directed by Rob Greenlea.", "Don't Let's Start (Grey's Anatomy) __knowledge__ On its initial airing, it was watched by 8.08 million viewers.", "Don't Let's Start (Grey's Anatomy) __knowledge__ The episode received positive reviews from critics.", "Don't Let's Start (Grey's Anatomy) __knowledge__ The episode's title is a reference to the song with the same name by They Might Be Giants.", "Don't Let's Start (Grey's Anatomy) __knowledge__ The episode aired on October 30, 2014 on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States.", "Don't Let's Start (Grey's Anatomy) __knowledge__ On its initial release the episode was watched by 8.08 million viewers and garnered a 2.4/7 Nielsen ratings and ranked no.", "Peter's Progress __knowledge__ \"Peter's Progress\" is the 16th and final episode in the seventh season of the American animated television series \"Family Guy\".", "Peter's Progress __knowledge__ It originally aired on Fox in the United States on May 17, 2009.", "Peter's Progress __knowledge__ In the episode, a psychic reads Peter's palms and discovers he led a fascinating past life as Griffin Peterson, a dignified gentleman in 17th-century England, who was the original founder of Quahog.", "Peter's Progress __knowledge__ The episode was written by Wellesley Wild and directed by Brian Iles.", "Peter's Progress __knowledge__ It received mixed reviews from critics for its storyline and many cultural references.", "Peter's Progress __knowledge__ According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 7.33 million homes in its original airing.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ Mattel's fashion doll franchise \"Monster High\" features a variety of fictional characters, many of whom are students at the titular high school.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The female characters are classified as Ghouls and the male characters are classified as Mansters.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The characters are generally the sons and daughters, or related to monsters that have been popularized in fiction.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The franchise's official website identifies six of the characters as Original Ghouls.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ In addition to the listed Ghouls and Mansters, there are other characters who have been introduced in the franchise's related media including the web/video and book series.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in the comic book series The Boys, created by Garth Ennis and Darick Robertson.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ The Boys are a CIA black ops team, initially created by Col. Greg Mallory to manage, police, and sometimes liquidate Vought-American's superhumans.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ While this is in part to help protect normal humans from the actions of the largely out of control \"supes,\" this is also to ensure that the company lack the stability or the platform to push the use of superhumans in national defense.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ Over time, however, the team's focus was changed, due to Butcher's increased influence, from one of management and containment to one of direct confrontation.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ Gag Concert () is a Korean sketch-comedy TV show on KBS 2TV network.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ It began airing in September 1999 and is the oldest of South Korea current comedy programs.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ The show is recorded on Wednesdays and airs on KBS 2TV on Sundays at 9:15 PM.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ The show airs with English subtitles after two weeks on KBS World TV on Saturdays at 6:00 PM.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ \"※ As of 7 January 2018\" \"(Korean: 아무말 대잔치, Starring: Jang Kiyeong, Park Yeongjin, Hong Hwon, Shin Jongryeong, Song Junseok)\" The contest that allows you to say anything.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ Contestants usually say the opposite of what one would expect them to say based on the context.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ \"(Korean: 명훈아 명훈아 명훈아, Starring: Jeong Myeonghun, Kim Minkyeong, Oh Nami, Lee Hyeonjeong)\" Three glamorous ladies try to entice Jeong Myeonghun with their charms.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "What Have You Done for Me Lately __knowledge__ \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\" is a song by American singer Janet Jackson from her third studio album \"Control\" (1986).", "What Have You Done for Me Lately __knowledge__ Jackson co-wrote the song with its producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis.", "What Have You Done for Me Lately __knowledge__ It was released on January 13, 1986 as the album's lead single, by A&M Records.", "What Have You Done for Me Lately __knowledge__ After two unsuccessful albums and a management change, the singer began developing a new album.", "What Have You Done for Me Lately __knowledge__ \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\" was originally penned for one of Jam and Lewis's own records, but the lyrics were rewritten to convey Jackson's feelings about her recent divorce from James DeBarge in January 1985.", "What Have You Done for Me Lately __knowledge__ It revolves around a woman's frustration with her partner in a relationship.", "Trams in Sydney __knowledge__ The Sydney tramway network served the inner suburbs of Sydney, Australia from 1879 until 1961.", "Trams in Sydney __knowledge__ In its heyday, it was the largest in Australia, the second largest in the Commonwealth of Nations (after London), and one of the largest in the world.", "Trams in Sydney __knowledge__ The network was heavily worked, with about 1,600 cars in service at any one time at its peak during the 1930s (cf.", "Trams in Sydney __knowledge__ about 500 trams in Melbourne today).", "Trams in Sydney __knowledge__ Patronage peaked in 1945 at 405 million passenger journeys.", "Trams in Sydney __knowledge__ It had a maximum street mileage of 181 miles (291 km), in 1923.", "Trams in Sydney __knowledge__ Sydney's first tram was horse-drawn, running from the old Sydney railway station to Circular Quay along Pitt Street.", "Burger King franchises __knowledge__ The majority of the locations of international fast-food restaurant chain Burger King are privately owned franchises.", "Burger King franchises __knowledge__ While the majority of franchisees are smaller operations, several have grown into major corporations in their own right.", "Burger King franchises __knowledge__ At the end of the company's fiscal year in 2015, Burger King reported it had more than 15,000 outlets in 84 countries; of these, approximately 50% are in the United States and 99.9% are privately owned and operated.", "Burger King franchises __knowledge__ The company locations employ more than 37,000 people who serve approximately 11.4 million customers daily.", "Burger King franchises __knowledge__ Since its predecessor's inception in 1953, Burger King has used several variations of franchising to expand its operations.", "Chelsea Lately __knowledge__ Chelsea Lately is an American late night comedy talk show hosted by comedian Chelsea Handler which was broadcast on E!.", "Chelsea Lately __knowledge__ The show debuted on July 16, 2007, and was produced by Handler's production company, Borderline Amazing Productions.", "Chelsea Lately __knowledge__ It was taped at Universal Studios Stage 1 in Universal City, California.", "Chelsea Lately __knowledge__ In American markets, the show aired at 11:00 p.m. Eastern and 8:00 p.m. Pacific time but was recorded at 3:30 p.m. PT, usually the same day.", "Chelsea Lately __knowledge__ On November 15, 2011, it was announced that the show's run had been extended through 2014.", "Chelsea Lately __knowledge__ Handler's manager, Irving Azoff, stated that Handler would leave E!", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The Ford Motor Company (commonly referred to simply as \"Ford\") is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer, Troller, and Australian performance car manufacturer FPV.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ In the past, it has also produced tractors and automotive components.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford owns an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and a 49% stake in Jiangling of China.", "Mannheim–Saarbrücken railway __knowledge__ The Mannheim–Saarbrücken railway is a railway in the German states of Baden-Württemberg, Rhineland-Palatinate and the Saarland that runs through Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Neustadt an der Weinstraße, Kaiserslautern, Homburg and St. Ingbert.", "Mannheim–Saarbrücken railway __knowledge__ It is the most important railway line that runs through the Palatinate.", "Mannheim–Saarbrücken railway __knowledge__ It serves both passenger and freight transport and carries international traffic.", "Mannheim–Saarbrücken railway __knowledge__ The route was largely opened from 1847 to 1849 as the \"Pfälzische Ludwigsbahn\" (Palatine Ludwig Railway) between Ludwigshafen and Bexbach.", "Mannheim–Saarbrücken railway __knowledge__ The line is identical with the Ludwig Railway between Ludwigshafen and Homburg and it therefore often referred to as the \"Pfälzische Ludwigsbahn\".", "Chinese Filipino __knowledge__ Chinese Filipinos (Filipino: \"Pilipinong Tsino\", \"Tsinoy\" or \"Intsik\" ) are Filipinos of Chinese descent, mostly born and raised in the Philippines.", "Chinese Filipino __knowledge__ Chinese Filipinos are one of the largest overseas Chinese communities in Southeast Asia.", "Chinese Filipino __knowledge__ There are approximately 1.5 million Filipinos with pure Chinese ancestry, or around 1.8% of the population.", "Chinese Filipino __knowledge__ In addition, Sangleys—Filipinos with at least some Chinese ancestry—comprise a substantial minority of the Philippine population, although the actual figures are not known.", "Chinese Filipino __knowledge__ Chinese Filpinos are a well established middle class ethnic group and are well represented in all levels of Filipino society." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 7 ]

[ "Working out is a big part of my life -- and I'm grateful for a chain called Crunch Fitness -- have you heard of it?", "Well, they have locations aaaalllll over the country -- and lately, they've branched out operations as far as Australia.", "Their unusual classes! They started the trend of different classes like pole dancing, classes by drag queens, and Capoeira (may favorite!) Lots of fun and variety!" ]

[ "Crunch Fitness", "Crunch Fitness", "Crunch Fitness" ]

[ "Casino", "I like to play poker online and some fantasy basketball.", "Yes , every weekend.I play live tournments.", "I use an off-shore website to play poker." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Casino __knowledge__ A casino is a facility which houses and accommodates certain types of gambling activities.", "Casino __knowledge__ The industry that deals in casinos is called the gaming industry.", "Casino __knowledge__ Casinos are most commonly built near or combined with hotels, restaurants, retail shopping, cruise ships or other tourist attractions.", "Casino __knowledge__ There is much debate over whether the social and economic consequences of casino gambling outweigh the initial revenue that may be generated.", "Casino __knowledge__ Some casinos are also known for hosting live entertainment events, such as stand-up comedy, concerts, and sporting events.", "Casino __knowledge__ The term \"casino\" is a confusing linguistic false friend for translators.", "Casino __knowledge__ \"Casino\" is of Italian origin; the root \"casa\" (house) originally meant a small country villa, summerhouse, or social club.", "Casino __knowledge__ During the 19th century, the term \"casino\" came to include other public buildings where pleasurable activities took place; such edifices were usually built on the grounds of a larger Italian villa or palazzo, and were used to host civic town functions, including dancing, gambling, music listening, and sports; examples in Italy include Villa Farnese and Villa Giulia, and in the US the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island.", "Casino __knowledge__ In modern-day Italian—the source-language of the word—a \"casino\" is either a brothel (also called \"casa chiusa\", literally \"closed house\"), a mess, or a noisy environment, while a gaming house is spelt \"casinò\", with an accent.. Not all casinos were used for gaming." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Casino __knowledge__ A casino is a facility which houses and accommodates certain types of gambling activities.", "Casino __knowledge__ The industry that deals in casinos is called the gaming industry.", "Casino __knowledge__ Casinos are most commonly built near or combined with hotels, restaurants, retail shopping, cruise ships or other tourist attractions.", "Casino __knowledge__ There is much debate over whether the social and economic consequences of casino gambling outweigh the initial revenue that may be generated.", "Casino __knowledge__ Some casinos are also known for hosting live entertainment events, such as stand-up comedy, concerts, and sporting events.", "Casino __knowledge__ The term \"casino\" is a confusing linguistic false friend for translators.", "Casino __knowledge__ \"Casino\" is of Italian origin; the root \"casa\" (house) originally meant a small country villa, summerhouse, or social club.", "Casino __knowledge__ During the 19th century, the term \"casino\" came to include other public buildings where pleasurable activities took place; such edifices were usually built on the grounds of a larger Italian villa or palazzo, and were used to host civic town functions, including dancing, gambling, music listening, and sports; examples in Italy include Villa Farnese and Villa Giulia, and in the US the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island.", "Casino __knowledge__ In modern-day Italian—the source-language of the word—a \"casino\" is either a brothel (also called \"casa chiusa\", literally \"closed house\"), a mess, or a noisy environment, while a gaming house is spelt \"casinò\", with an accent.. Not all casinos were used for gaming.", "Online poker __knowledge__ Online poker is the game of poker played over the Internet.", "Online poker __knowledge__ It has been partly responsible for a huge increase in the number of poker players worldwide.", "Online poker __knowledge__ Christiansen Capital Advisors stated online poker revenues grew from $82.7 million in 2001 to $2.4 billion in 2005, while a survey carried out by DrKW and Global Betting and Gaming Consultants asserted online poker revenues in 2004 were at $1.4 billion.", "Online poker __knowledge__ In a testimony before the United States Senate regarding Internet Gaming, Grant Eve, a Certified Public Accountant representing the US Accounting Firm Joseph Eve, Certified Public Accountants, estimated that one in every four dollars gambled is gambled online.", "Fantasy basketball __knowledge__ Fantasy basketball is sometimes kept track of stats by hand, it was popularized during the 1990s after the advent of the Internet.", "Fantasy basketball __knowledge__ However, most of the time, the stats are computed by the computer itself, and not the GM.", "Fantasy basketball __knowledge__ Those who play this game are sometimes referred to as general managers (GMs), who draft actual National Basketball Association (NBA) players and compute their basketball statistics.", "Fantasy basketball __knowledge__ The online format of the game has been popularized by websites, such as ESPN Fantasy Sports, NBA.com, and Yahoo!", "Fantasy basketball __knowledge__ Fantasy Sports.", "Fantasy basketball __knowledge__ The following websites provide the season long fantasy basketball experience for users.", "Joe Cada __knowledge__ Joseph \"Joe\" Cada (born November 18, 1987) is an American professional poker player from Shelby Charter Township, Michigan, best known as the winner of the Main Event at the 2009 World Series of Poker (WSOP).", "Joe Cada __knowledge__ By winning the 6,494-entrant Main Event at the age of 21, Cada surpassed Peter Eastgate as the youngest champion ever.", "Joe Cada __knowledge__ Cada had two previous WSOP in the money finishes, both in 2009.", "Joe Cada __knowledge__ Cada had been a regular online poker player for several years prior to winning the live WSOP event.", "Joe Cada __knowledge__ He is primarily an online poker player, with more than $500,000 in online tournament winnings at present.", "Joe Cada __knowledge__ As of October 2016, his total live tournament winnings exceed $10,460,000.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ Online gambling (or Internet gambling) includes poker, casinos and sports betting.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ The first online casino was in 1994.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ Many countries restrict or ban online gambling, but it is legal in some provinces in Canada, most countries of the European Union and several nations in the Caribbean.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ In 1994, Antigua and Barbuda passed the Free Trade & Processing Act, allowing licences to be granted to organisations applying to open online casinos.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ Before online casinos, the first fully functional gambling software was developed by Microgaming, an Isle of Man-based software company.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ This was secured with software developed by CryptoLogic, an online security software company.", "Poker Players Alliance __knowledge__ The Poker Players Alliance (PPA) is an American nonprofit Interest group formed to emphasize the rights of poker players, and to protect the players' liberties.\"", "Poker Players Alliance __knowledge__ The PPA formed to serve as an advocacy group to Washington to establish rights and protections for U.S. poker players.", "Poker Players Alliance __knowledge__ Within the first year of its existence, the PPA garnered over 600,000 members.", "Poker Players Alliance __knowledge__ In April 2008, the PPA claimed to have signed up its one millionth member.", "Poker Players Alliance __knowledge__ Membership growth has been due in part to promotional activities by online poker cardrooms like Party Poker.", "Poker Players Alliance __knowledge__ This organization unsuccessfully lobbied against the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006, which prohibited financial institutions from making payments to internet gambling sites.", "Sami Kelopuro __knowledge__ Sami Kelopuro (born 1987 in Finland), a.k.a.", "Sami Kelopuro __knowledge__ LarsLuzak, is a professional poker player represented by Poker Icons.", "Sami Kelopuro __knowledge__ Kelopuro started to play poker cash games in late 2005 when he was invited to a home sit-and-go poker tournament.", "Sami Kelopuro __knowledge__ Shortly afterwards, he became excited about poker and began playing online tournaments, sit-and-gos, cash games, heads up, shorthanded, and full ring games.", "Sami Kelopuro __knowledge__ He started on PAF, an online poker room belonging to the Ongame Network, where he made several deposits of €30 each and began playing $0.25/$0.50 and $0.50/$1.00 games.", "Sami Kelopuro __knowledge__ At the time he was just finishing high school, yet he devoted up to 10 hours a day playing online poker.", "Annie Duke __knowledge__ Anne LaBarr \"Annie\" Duke (née Lederer; September 13, 1965) is an American professional poker player and author.", "Annie Duke __knowledge__ She holds a World Series of Poker (WSOP) gold bracelet from 2004 and used to be the leading money winner among women in WSOP history (a title now held by Vanessa Selbst).", "Annie Duke __knowledge__ Duke won the 2004 World Series of Poker Tournament of Champions and the National Heads-Up Poker Championship in 2010.", "Annie Duke __knowledge__ She has written a number of instructional books for poker players, including \"Decide to Play Great Poker\" and \"The Middle Zone\", and she published her autobiography, \"How I Raised, Folded, Bluffed, Flirted, Cursed, and Won Millions at the World Series of Poker\", in 2005.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ A cruise ship or cruise liner is a passenger ship used for pleasure voyages, where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are a part of the experience, as well as the different destinations along the way, i.e., ports of call.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ Transportation is not the only purpose of cruising, particularly on cruises that return passengers to their originating port (also known as a \"closed-loop cruise\"), with the ports of call usually in a specified region of a continent.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ There are even \"cruises to nowhere\" or \"nowhere voyages\" where the ship makes 2–3 night round trips without any ports of call.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ By contrast, dedicated transport oriented ocean liners do \"line voyages\" and typically transport passengers from one point to another, rather than on round trips.", "Cruise ship pollution in the United States __knowledge__ The cruise ship industry is a significant and growing contributor to the United States economy, providing more than $32 billion in benefits annually and generating more than 330,000 U.S. jobs, but also making the environmental impacts of its activities an issue to many.", "Cruise ship pollution in the United States __knowledge__ Although cruise ships represent a small fraction of the entire shipping industry worldwide, public attention to their environmental impacts comes in part from the fact that cruise ships are highly visible and in part because of the industry’s desire to promote a positive image.", "Cruise ship pollution in the United States __knowledge__ Cruise ships carrying several thousand passengers and crew have been compared to “floating cities,” and the volume of wastes that they produce is comparably large, consisting of sewage; wastewater from sinks, showers, and galleys (graywater); hazardous wastes; solid waste; oily bilge water; ballast water; and air pollution.", "Iogen Corporation __knowledge__ Iogen Corporation is a Canadian company founded by Patrick Foody Sr. in 1975.", "Iogen Corporation __knowledge__ Iogen is based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.", "Iogen Corporation __knowledge__ The company develops technology for making renewable cellulosic biofuels (also known as second generation biofuels, or advanced biofuel) from agricultural residues and other organic wastes.", "Iogen Corporation __knowledge__ Iogen has invested $500 million in research, development and demonstration; and has over 300 patents.", "Iogen Corporation __knowledge__ Using enzymatic hydrolysis technology, Iogen has produced cellulosic ethanol since 2004.", "Iogen Corporation __knowledge__ In 2014, together with their Brazilian partner Raizen Energia, Iogen built a commercial cellulosic ethanol facility adjacent to Raizen’s Costa Pinto sugar mill in Piracicaba, Brazil.", "SS France (1961) __knowledge__ The SS \"France\" was a Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (CGT, or French Line) ocean liner, constructed by the Chantiers de l'Atlantique shipyard at Saint-Nazaire, France, and put into service in February 1962.", "SS France (1961) __knowledge__ At the time of her construction in 1960, the vessel was the longest passenger ship ever built, a record that remained unchallenged until the construction of the in 2004.", "SS France (1961) __knowledge__ \"France\" was later purchased by Norwegian Cruise Line (NCL) in 1979, renamed SS \"Norway\" and underwent significant modifications that better suited her for cruising duties.", "SS France (1961) __knowledge__ She was sold to be scrapped in 2006, and scrapping was completed in late 2008.", "MS Golden Princess __knowledge__ MS \"Golden Princess was a casino cruise ship owned by Eurasia International, operated on short casino cruises out of Hong Kong.", "MS Golden Princess __knowledge__ She was built in 1967 by the Wärtsilä Hietalahti shipyard in Helsinki, Finland as Finlandia for the Finland Steamship Company.", "MS Golden Princess __knowledge__ In 1975 she was sold to Finnlines, who converted her into the cruise ship Finnstar in 1978.", "MS Golden Princess __knowledge__ In 1982 she entered service for Pearl Cruises as Pearl of Scandinavia.", "MS Golden Princess __knowledge__ In 1988 she was renamed Ocean Pearl.", "MS Golden Princess __knowledge__ In 1994 she entered service with Croisières Paquet as Pearl.", "MS Golden Princess __knowledge__ Between 1995 and 1998 she sailed for Costa Cruises as Costa Playa.", "MS Golden Princess __knowledge__ In 1998-1999 she sailed as Oriental Pearl for Mega Wave International, and in 1999-2000 as Joy Wave for Costa Cruises.", "RMS Andes (1939) __knowledge__ RMS \"Andes\" was a steam turbine Royal Mail Ship, ocean liner, cruise ship, and the flagship of the Royal Mail Lines fleet.", "RMS Andes (1939) __knowledge__ She was the second Royal Mail ship to be named after the South American Andes mountain range.", "RMS Andes (1939) __knowledge__ The first RMS \"Andes\" was an A-class liner .", "RMS Andes (1939) __knowledge__ In 1929 that RMS \"Andes\" was converted into a cruise ship and renamed \"Atlantis\".", "RMS Andes (1939) __knowledge__ The second \"Andes\" was built in Belfast in 1937–39 and completed at the outbreak of the Second World War.", "RMS Andes (1939) __knowledge__ The Admiralty almost immediately requisitioned her as a troop ship and had her converted to carry about 4,000 troops.", "RMS Andes (1939) __knowledge__ In troop service she broke three speed records for long-distance voyages.", "RMS Queen Mary 2 __knowledge__ RMS \"Queen Mary 2 (also referred to as the QM2\") is a transatlantic ocean liner.", "RMS Queen Mary 2 __knowledge__ She is the largest and only major ocean liner built for the British Cunard Line since \"Queen Elizabeth 2\" in 1969, the vessel she succeeded as flagship of the Cunard Line.", "RMS Queen Mary 2 __knowledge__ The new ship was named \"Queen Mary 2\" by Queen Elizabeth II in 2004 after the first 1936 namesake ship .", "RMS Queen Mary 2 __knowledge__ \"Queen Mary\" was in turn named after Mary of Teck, consort of King George V. With the retirement of \"Queen Elizabeth 2\" in 2008, \"Queen Mary 2\" is the only transatlantic ocean liner in line service between Southampton, England and New York City, New York, operating for a part of each year." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Casino __knowledge__ A casino is a facility which houses and accommodates certain types of gambling activities.", "Casino __knowledge__ The industry that deals in casinos is called the gaming industry.", "Casino __knowledge__ Casinos are most commonly built near or combined with hotels, restaurants, retail shopping, cruise ships or other tourist attractions.", "Casino __knowledge__ There is much debate over whether the social and economic consequences of casino gambling outweigh the initial revenue that may be generated.", "Casino __knowledge__ Some casinos are also known for hosting live entertainment events, such as stand-up comedy, concerts, and sporting events.", "Casino __knowledge__ The term \"casino\" is a confusing linguistic false friend for translators.", "Casino __knowledge__ \"Casino\" is of Italian origin; the root \"casa\" (house) originally meant a small country villa, summerhouse, or social club.", "Casino __knowledge__ During the 19th century, the term \"casino\" came to include other public buildings where pleasurable activities took place; such edifices were usually built on the grounds of a larger Italian villa or palazzo, and were used to host civic town functions, including dancing, gambling, music listening, and sports; examples in Italy include Villa Farnese and Villa Giulia, and in the US the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island.", "Casino __knowledge__ In modern-day Italian—the source-language of the word—a \"casino\" is either a brothel (also called \"casa chiusa\", literally \"closed house\"), a mess, or a noisy environment, while a gaming house is spelt \"casinò\", with an accent.. Not all casinos were used for gaming.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Let's Play Live __knowledge__ Let's Play Live is a touring Let's Play show featuring video games and internet personalities.", "Let's Play Live __knowledge__ Let's Play Live grew out of Rooster Teeth's gaming division, Achievement Hunter, and is now a collaboration with multiple channels including members of the Let's Play family: Funhaus, ScrewAttack, Kinda Funny, Cow Chop and The Creatures.", "Let's Play Live __knowledge__ Described by organizer Geoff Ramsey as, \"the new-media equivalent of a concert or sporting event,\" LPL re-creates web videos his company is best known for, playing video games in a humorous manner to a live audience.", "Let's Play Live __knowledge__ Let's Play Live originated in Austin, Texas in 2015 featuring six Achievement Hunter personalities: Geoff Ramsey, Jack Pattillo, Ryan Haywood, Michael Jones, Gavin Free and Ray Narvaez, Jr.", "Hadouken! __knowledge__ Hadouken!", "Hadouken! __knowledge__ is a British band formed in London in 2006 by singer, writer and producer James Smith, alongside his ex- girlfriend, synth player Alice Spooner, with guitarist Daniel \"Pilau\" Rice, bassist Christopher Purcell and drummer Nick Rice.", "Hadouken! __knowledge__ The band name is taken from the name of the special attack of the same name from the \"Street Fighter\" video game series.", "Hadouken! __knowledge__ It was in Leeds that Hadouken!", "Hadouken! __knowledge__ began their own record label, Surface Noise Records.", "Hadouken! __knowledge__ After forming the label, Smith began writing and demoing the first Hadouken!", "Hadouken! __knowledge__ tracks.", "Hadouken! __knowledge__ In February 2007, Hadouken!", "Hadouken! __knowledge__ self-released a two-song limited edition vinyl, a double-a side of \"That Boy That Girl\" and \"Tuning In\".", "Palitchoke Ayanaputra __knowledge__ Palitchoke Ayanaputra (; ; born August 9, 1984) is a Thai singer from White Music Label of GMM Grammy.", "Palitchoke Ayanaputra __knowledge__ Palitchoke Ayanaputra or Peck was born August 9, 1984 in Bangkok, Thailand.", "Palitchoke Ayanaputra __knowledge__ He lived in Australia for 7 years during his childhood.", "Palitchoke Ayanaputra __knowledge__ After Palitchoke moved back to Thailand, he started his career in the music and entertainment industry as an artist trainee under GMM Grammy.", "Palitchoke Ayanaputra __knowledge__ During the training, he is also well known as a TV host for \"Disney Club\", the well known TV show for kids and teens every weekend morning between 2002 - 2007.", "Palitchoke Ayanaputra __knowledge__ It took him between six and seven years for his first and long time famous single, \"Mai Me Krai Ru(ไม่มีใครรู้)\", as a soloist singer to release in 2005 as part of \"One Man Story\" music album.", "Anna Vissi __knowledge__ Anna Vissi ( (, ); born 20 December 1957), also known as Anna Vishy, is a Greek Cypriot singer, songwriter, actress, television presenter, radio personality, and businesswoman.", "Anna Vissi __knowledge__ She studied music at conservatories and performed locally before moving to the professional scene in Athens, in 1973, where she signed with Minos and simultaneously collaborated with other musical artists and released promotional singles of her own while studying at the University of Athens.", "Anna Vissi __knowledge__ Vissi established herself in the recording industry by winning the Thessaloniki Song Festival in 1977 with the song \"As Kanoume Apopse Mian Arhi\" and releasing her debut album of the same name.", "Guild Wars __knowledge__ Guild Wars is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) series developed by ArenaNet and published by NCSOFT.", "Guild Wars __knowledge__ The games were critically well received and won many editor's choice awards, as well as awards such as Best Value, Best Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (MMORPG), and Best Game.", "Guild Wars __knowledge__ \"Guild Wars\" was noted for being one of the few commercially developed games in the MMORPG genre to offer online play without subscription fees, its instanced approach to MMORPG play, and the quality of the graphics and play for computers with low specifications.", "Guild Wars __knowledge__ In April 2009, NCSoft announced that 6 million units of games in the \"Guild Wars\" series had been sold.", "Rave __knowledge__ A rave (from the verb: \"to rave\") is a large dance party at a nightclub, dance club or festival featuring performances by DJs, who select and mix a seamless flow of loud electronic dance music songs and tracks.", "Rave __knowledge__ Raves typically involve usage of drugs, such as ecstasy.", "Rave __knowledge__ DJs at rave events play electronic dance music on vinyl, CDs and digital audio from a wide range of genres, including house, trance, techno, hardcore, breakbeat and electro-industrial.", "Rave __knowledge__ Occasionally live performers playing synthesizer or other electronic instruments will play electronic music.", "Rave __knowledge__ The music is amplified with a large, powerful sound reinforcement system, typically with huge subwoofers to produce a deep bass sound.", "Online poker __knowledge__ Online poker is the game of poker played over the Internet.", "Online poker __knowledge__ It has been partly responsible for a huge increase in the number of poker players worldwide.", "Online poker __knowledge__ Christiansen Capital Advisors stated online poker revenues grew from $82.7 million in 2001 to $2.4 billion in 2005, while a survey carried out by DrKW and Global Betting and Gaming Consultants asserted online poker revenues in 2004 were at $1.4 billion.", "Online poker __knowledge__ In a testimony before the United States Senate regarding Internet Gaming, Grant Eve, a Certified Public Accountant representing the US Accounting Firm Joseph Eve, Certified Public Accountants, estimated that one in every four dollars gambled is gambled online.", "United States v. Scheinberg __knowledge__ United States v. Scheinberg, 10 Cr.", "United States v. Scheinberg __knowledge__ 336 (2011), is a United States federal criminal case against the founders of the three largest online poker companies, PokerStars, Full Tilt Poker and Cereus (Absolute Poker/Ultimatebet), and a handful of their associates, which alleges that the defendants violated the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act (UIGEA) and engaged in bank fraud and money laundering to process transfers to and from their customers.", "United States v. Scheinberg __knowledge__ A companion civil case, United States v. PokerStars, et al., 11 Civ.", "United States v. Scheinberg __knowledge__ 2564 (2011), included Full Tilt and Cereus as defendants and seeks the recovery of forfeiture equalling approximately $3 billion in assets belonging to the companies.", "PokerStars __knowledge__ PokerStars is an online poker cardroom owned by The Stars Group.", "PokerStars __knowledge__ It can be accessed through downloadable poker clients for the Windows, macOS, Android and iOS.", "PokerStars __knowledge__ A PokerStars.com online satellite tournament produced the 2003 World Series of Poker (WSOP) champion, Chris Moneymaker.", "PokerStars __knowledge__ As the first person to become a world champion by qualifying at an online poker site, Moneymaker's 2003 win was an important factor in catalyzing the poker boom of the mid-2000s.", "PokerStars __knowledge__ The press has called this the \"Moneymaker effect.\"", "PokerStars __knowledge__ PokerStars is the largest online poker site in the world, controlling over two-thirds of the total online poker market.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ Online gambling (or Internet gambling) includes poker, casinos and sports betting.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ The first online casino was in 1994.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ Many countries restrict or ban online gambling, but it is legal in some provinces in Canada, most countries of the European Union and several nations in the Caribbean.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ In 1994, Antigua and Barbuda passed the Free Trade & Processing Act, allowing licences to be granted to organisations applying to open online casinos.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ Before online casinos, the first fully functional gambling software was developed by Microgaming, an Isle of Man-based software company.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ This was secured with software developed by CryptoLogic, an online security software company.", "Viktor Blom __knowledge__ Viktor Blom (born 26 September 1990) is a Swedish high-stakes online poker player, best known by the online poker name Isildur1.", "Viktor Blom __knowledge__ His rise to fame drew considerable attention around the poker world in late 2009, when he took part in all ten of the largest pots in online poker history.", "Viktor Blom __knowledge__ In December 2010, it was announced that then-anonymous Isildur1 had joined Team PokerStars Pro.", "Viktor Blom __knowledge__ Blom's identity was revealed by PokerStars on January 8, 2011, at the PokerStars Caribbean Adventure.", "Viktor Blom __knowledge__ Blom parted ways with PokerStars in August 2012 and was quickly signed-up by Full Tilt Poker on October 15, 2012, along with rival high-stakes player Tom Dwan.", "Rake (poker) __knowledge__ Rake is the scaled commission fee taken by a cardroom operating a poker game.", "Rake (poker) __knowledge__ It is generally 2.5 to 10 percent of the pot in each poker hand, up to a predetermined maximum amount.", "Rake (poker) __knowledge__ There are also other non-percentage ways for a casino to take the rake.", "Rake (poker) __knowledge__ Some cardrooms will not take a percentage rake in any community card poker game like Texas hold 'em when a hand does not have a flop.", "Rake (poker) __knowledge__ This is called \"no flop, no drop\".", "Rake (poker) __knowledge__ Poker is a player-versus-player game, and the house does not wager against its players (unlike blackjack or roulette), so this fee is the principal mechanism to generate revenues.", "PokerTracker __knowledge__ PokerTracker Software, LLC is the name of a poker tool software company that produces the popular PokerTracker line of poker tracking and analysis software.", "PokerTracker __knowledge__ PokerTracker's software imports and parses the hand histories that poker sites create during online play and stores the resulting statistics/information about historical play into a local database library for self-analysis, and for in-game opponent analysis using a real-time Head-up display.", "PokerTracker __knowledge__ The software allows the user to monitor each poker session's profit or loss, hands played, time played, and table style.", "PokerTracker __knowledge__ It calculates and graphs statistics such as hands per hour, winnings per hand, winnings per hour, cumulative profit and loss, and individual game profit and loss across multiple currencies." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Casino __knowledge__ A casino is a facility which houses and accommodates certain types of gambling activities.", "Casino __knowledge__ The industry that deals in casinos is called the gaming industry.", "Casino __knowledge__ Casinos are most commonly built near or combined with hotels, restaurants, retail shopping, cruise ships or other tourist attractions.", "Casino __knowledge__ There is much debate over whether the social and economic consequences of casino gambling outweigh the initial revenue that may be generated.", "Casino __knowledge__ Some casinos are also known for hosting live entertainment events, such as stand-up comedy, concerts, and sporting events.", "Casino __knowledge__ The term \"casino\" is a confusing linguistic false friend for translators.", "Casino __knowledge__ \"Casino\" is of Italian origin; the root \"casa\" (house) originally meant a small country villa, summerhouse, or social club.", "Casino __knowledge__ During the 19th century, the term \"casino\" came to include other public buildings where pleasurable activities took place; such edifices were usually built on the grounds of a larger Italian villa or palazzo, and were used to host civic town functions, including dancing, gambling, music listening, and sports; examples in Italy include Villa Farnese and Villa Giulia, and in the US the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island.", "Casino __knowledge__ In modern-day Italian—the source-language of the word—a \"casino\" is either a brothel (also called \"casa chiusa\", literally \"closed house\"), a mess, or a noisy environment, while a gaming house is spelt \"casinò\", with an accent.. Not all casinos were used for gaming.", "Online poker __knowledge__ Online poker is the game of poker played over the Internet.", "Online poker __knowledge__ It has been partly responsible for a huge increase in the number of poker players worldwide.", "Online poker __knowledge__ Christiansen Capital Advisors stated online poker revenues grew from $82.7 million in 2001 to $2.4 billion in 2005, while a survey carried out by DrKW and Global Betting and Gaming Consultants asserted online poker revenues in 2004 were at $1.4 billion.", "Online poker __knowledge__ In a testimony before the United States Senate regarding Internet Gaming, Grant Eve, a Certified Public Accountant representing the US Accounting Firm Joseph Eve, Certified Public Accountants, estimated that one in every four dollars gambled is gambled online.", "Annie Duke __knowledge__ Anne LaBarr \"Annie\" Duke (née Lederer; September 13, 1965) is an American professional poker player and author.", "Annie Duke __knowledge__ She holds a World Series of Poker (WSOP) gold bracelet from 2004 and used to be the leading money winner among women in WSOP history (a title now held by Vanessa Selbst).", "Annie Duke __knowledge__ Duke won the 2004 World Series of Poker Tournament of Champions and the National Heads-Up Poker Championship in 2010.", "Annie Duke __knowledge__ She has written a number of instructional books for poker players, including \"Decide to Play Great Poker\" and \"The Middle Zone\", and she published her autobiography, \"How I Raised, Folded, Bluffed, Flirted, Cursed, and Won Millions at the World Series of Poker\", in 2005.", "Computer poker player __knowledge__ A computer poker player is a computer program designed to play the game of poker against human opponents or other computer opponents.", "Computer poker player __knowledge__ It is commonly referred to as pokerbot or just simply bot.", "Computer poker player __knowledge__ These bots or computer programs are used often in online poker situations as either legitimate opponents for humans players or a form of cheating.", "Computer poker player __knowledge__ Whether or not the use of bot constitutes cheating is typically defined by the poker room that hosts the actual poker games.", "Computer poker player __knowledge__ Most (if not all) cardrooms forbid the use of bots although the level of enforcement from site operators varies considerably.", "Computer poker player __knowledge__ The subject of player bots and computer assistance, while playing online poker, is very controversial.", "Joe Hachem __knowledge__ Joseph Hachem (; ; born 11 March 1966) is a Lebanese Australian professional poker player known for winning the Main Event of the 2005 World Series of Poker.", "Joe Hachem __knowledge__ He was the first Australian to win the Main Event, which earned him $7.5 million, then a record for all-time biggest tournament prize.", "Joe Hachem __knowledge__ The next year, Hachem won his first World Poker Tour title at the Bellagio Casino's Five Diamonds Poker Classic, earning him $2.2 million.", "Joe Hachem __knowledge__ He is one of only five poker players to win both a World Series of Poker main event and a World Poker Tour championship.", "Joe Hachem __knowledge__ Including his WSOP Main Event victory, Hachem has finished in the money in thirteen World Series events.", "Poker Alice __knowledge__ Alice Ivers Duffield Tubbs Huckert (February 17, 1851 – February 27, 1930), better known as Poker Alice, Poker Alice Ivers or Poker Alice Tubbs, was a famous poker player in the American West.", "Poker Alice __knowledge__ Her family moved from Devon, England, where she was born, to Virginia, United States, where she was reared and educated.", "Poker Alice __knowledge__ As an adult, Ivers moved to Leadville, Colorado, where she met her first husband, Frank Duffield.", "Poker Alice __knowledge__ He got Ivers interested in poker, but he was killed a few years after they married.", "Poker Alice __knowledge__ Ivers made a name for herself by winning money from poker games in places like Silver City, New Mexico, and even working at a saloon in Creede, Colorado, that was owned by Bob Ford, the man who killed Jesse James.", "Sky Betting & Gaming __knowledge__ Sky Betting & Gaming is a British-based gambling company, majority owned by CVC Capital Partners, with headquarters in Leeds, West Yorkshire and offices in Sheffield, London, Guernsey, Rome and Germany.", "Sky Betting & Gaming __knowledge__ Sky Betting & Gaming consists of five core brands: Sky Bet, Sky Vegas, Sky Casino, Sky Poker and Sky Bingo.", "Sky Betting & Gaming __knowledge__ It also owns online betting odds comparison site Oddschecker.", "Sky Betting & Gaming __knowledge__ Sky Betting & Gaming also operates popular, free-to-enter football prediction game Soccer Saturday Super 6 and Sky Sports Fantasy Football.", "Sky Betting & Gaming __knowledge__ On 4 December 2014, it was announced that Sky would sell a majority stake in the company to CVC Capital Partners, valued at £800 million.", "Darvin Moon __knowledge__ Darvin Moon (born October 1, 1963) is an American self-employed logger and amateur poker player who was the runner-up of the 2009 World Series of Poker (WSOP) US$10,000 no-limit Texas hold'em Main Event.", "Darvin Moon __knowledge__ It was his first time playing in the World Series of Poker.", "Darvin Moon __knowledge__ Moon, who taught himself how to play poker, ran a small logging company in the Maryland Panhandle before earning a 2009 World Series seat by winning a $130 satellite tournament.", "Darvin Moon __knowledge__ Moon earned the chip lead early in the tournament, and eventually entered the final table as the chip leader, with about 30 percent of the chips in play.", "Darvin Moon __knowledge__ Although Moon briefly lost the lead, he eventually regained it after eliminating veteran players like Steve Begleiter and Phil Ivey.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ Online gambling (or Internet gambling) includes poker, casinos and sports betting.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ The first online casino was in 1994.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ Many countries restrict or ban online gambling, but it is legal in some provinces in Canada, most countries of the European Union and several nations in the Caribbean.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ In 1994, Antigua and Barbuda passed the Free Trade & Processing Act, allowing licences to be granted to organisations applying to open online casinos.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ Before online casinos, the first fully functional gambling software was developed by Microgaming, an Isle of Man-based software company.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ This was secured with software developed by CryptoLogic, an online security software company.", "Online casino __knowledge__ Online casinos, also known as virtual casinos or Internet casinos, are online versions of traditional (\"brick and mortar\") casinos.", "Online casino __knowledge__ Online casinos enable gamblers to play and wager on casino games through the Internet.", "Online casino __knowledge__ It is a prolific form of online gambling.", "Online casino __knowledge__ Online casinos generally offer odds and payback percentages that are a bit higher than land-based casinos.", "Online casino __knowledge__ Some online casinos claim higher payback percentages for slot machine games, and some publish payout percentage audits on their websites.", "Online casino __knowledge__ Assuming that the online casino is using an appropriately programmed random number generator, table games like blackjack have an established house edge.", "Gambling in the Philippines __knowledge__ Gambling in the Philippines has been present since the sixteenth century, and is still prevalent in the country today.", "Gambling in the Philippines __knowledge__ Currently, it takes on various legal and illegal forms found almost all over the archipelago.", "Gambling in the Philippines __knowledge__ The government handles gambling through the Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR) which aims to regulate and operate games of chance, and to generate government funds, but there are also several other public and private agencies that handles specific forms of gambling.", "Gambling in the Philippines __knowledge__ In particular, casino gambling under PAGCOR is essential to the country's tourism and revenue.", "Gambling in the Philippines __knowledge__ The Philippines has more casinos than Macau, with twenty found in Metro Manila alone.", "Gambling in New Jersey __knowledge__ Gambling in New Jersey includes casino gambling in Atlantic City, the New Jersey Lottery, horse racing, off-track betting, charity gambling, amusement games, and social gambling.", "Gambling in New Jersey __knowledge__ New Jersey's gambling laws are among the least restrictive in the United States; legal, in-state online gambling was instituted in New Jersey in November 2013, and the state is challenging Nevada's grandfathered federal statutory monopoly on legal sports betting.", "Gambling in New Jersey __knowledge__ Gambling has a long legacy in New Jersey, with the state historically being more permissive of gambling than most other states.", "Gambling in New Jersey __knowledge__ Until they were banned in 1844, lotteries were common in New Jersey.", "United States v. Scheinberg __knowledge__ United States v. Scheinberg, 10 Cr.", "United States v. Scheinberg __knowledge__ 336 (2011), is a United States federal criminal case against the founders of the three largest online poker companies, PokerStars, Full Tilt Poker and Cereus (Absolute Poker/Ultimatebet), and a handful of their associates, which alleges that the defendants violated the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act (UIGEA) and engaged in bank fraud and money laundering to process transfers to and from their customers.", "United States v. Scheinberg __knowledge__ A companion civil case, United States v. PokerStars, et al., 11 Civ.", "United States v. Scheinberg __knowledge__ 2564 (2011), included Full Tilt and Cereus as defendants and seeks the recovery of forfeiture equalling approximately $3 billion in assets belonging to the companies.", "Calvin Ayre __knowledge__ Calvin Ayre (born May 25, 1961, in Lloydminster, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian-Antiguan entrepreneur based in Antigua and Barbuda, and the founder of the Ayre Group and Bodog entertainment brand.", "Calvin Ayre __knowledge__ In 2000, Ayre launched online gambling company Bodog, the success of which made him a billionaire.", "Calvin Ayre __knowledge__ Ayre's notoriety increased in the mid-2000s as online gaming’s popularity surged, landing him on the cover of \"Forbes\" magazine's 2006 annual Billionaires edition and \"Star\" magazine’s \"Most Eligible Billionaire Bachelors” list in late 2007.", "Calvin Ayre __knowledge__ Ayre modeled his personal brand after Virgin Group founder Richard Branson." ] ]

[ 1, 10, 62, 46 ]

[ "I was on a cruise ship last week. I pretty much stayed out of the casino because I'm not much of a gambler. Do you like to gamble?", "Do you ever play any online poker?", "Is online gambling legal where you live? I like poker, but I've never really tried it online because I don't want to deal with legal complications.", "Yeah I've heard that online gambling is legal in the Caribbean. It's almost taken on a legal landscape like offshore banking. Seems a bit too complex to navigate for my taste." ]

[ "Casino", "Casino", "Casino", "Casino" ]

[ "Choir", "Are you talking about the groups with a large amount of people singing different tones and ranges to make a song?", "Oh wow. What's your favorite classical song?", "My favorite classical songs have to be anything by Bach" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Choir __knowledge__ A choir () (also known as a quire, chorale or chorus) is a musical ensemble of singers.", "Choir __knowledge__ Choral music, in turn, is the music written specifically for such an ensemble to perform.", "Choir __knowledge__ Choirs may perform music from the classical music repertoire, which spans from the Medieval era to the present, or popular music repertoire.", "Choir __knowledge__ Most choirs are led by a conductor, who leads the performances with arm and face gestures.", "Choir __knowledge__ A body of singers who perform together as a group is called a choir or chorus.", "Choir __knowledge__ The former term is very often applied to groups affiliated with a church (whether or not they actually occupy the choir) and the second to groups that perform in theatres or concert halls, but this distinction is far from rigid.", "Choir __knowledge__ Choirs may sing without instrumental accompaniment, with the accompaniment of a piano or pipe organ, with a small ensemble (e.g., harpsichord, cello and double bass for a Baroque piece), or with a full orchestra of 70 to 100 musicians.", "Choir __knowledge__ The term \"Choir\" has the secondary definition of a subset of an ensemble; thus one speaks of the \"woodwind choir\" of an orchestra, or different \"choirs\" of voices or instruments in a polychoral composition.", "Choir __knowledge__ In typical 18th- to 21st-century oratorios and masses, chorus or choir is usually understood to imply more than one singer per part, in contrast to the quartet of soloists also featured in these works." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Choir __knowledge__ A choir () (also known as a quire, chorale or chorus) is a musical ensemble of singers.", "Choir __knowledge__ Choral music, in turn, is the music written specifically for such an ensemble to perform.", "Choir __knowledge__ Choirs may perform music from the classical music repertoire, which spans from the Medieval era to the present, or popular music repertoire.", "Choir __knowledge__ Most choirs are led by a conductor, who leads the performances with arm and face gestures.", "Choir __knowledge__ A body of singers who perform together as a group is called a choir or chorus.", "Choir __knowledge__ The former term is very often applied to groups affiliated with a church (whether or not they actually occupy the choir) and the second to groups that perform in theatres or concert halls, but this distinction is far from rigid.", "Choir __knowledge__ Choirs may sing without instrumental accompaniment, with the accompaniment of a piano or pipe organ, with a small ensemble (e.g., harpsichord, cello and double bass for a Baroque piece), or with a full orchestra of 70 to 100 musicians.", "Choir __knowledge__ The term \"Choir\" has the secondary definition of a subset of an ensemble; thus one speaks of the \"woodwind choir\" of an orchestra, or different \"choirs\" of voices or instruments in a polychoral composition.", "Choir __knowledge__ In typical 18th- to 21st-century oratorios and masses, chorus or choir is usually understood to imply more than one singer per part, in contrast to the quartet of soloists also featured in these works.", "Tone (linguistics) __knowledge__ Tone is the use of pitch in language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning – that is, to distinguish or to inflect words.", "Tone (linguistics) __knowledge__ All verbal languages use pitch to express emotional and other paralinguistic information and to convey emphasis, contrast, and other such features in what is called intonation, but not all languages use tones to distinguish words or their inflections, analogously to consonants and vowels.", "Tone (linguistics) __knowledge__ Languages that do have this feature are called tonal languages; the distinctive tone patterns of such a language are sometimes called tonemes, by analogy with \"phoneme\".", "Tone (linguistics) __knowledge__ Tonal languages are common in Africa, East Asia, and Mexico, but rare elsewhere in Asia and in Europe; as many as seventy percent of world languages may be tonal.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar (also known as electric bass, or bass) is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to an electric guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length, and four to six strings or courses.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The four-string bass, by far the most common, is usually tuned the same as the double bass, which corresponds to pitches one octave lower than the four lowest pitched strings of a guitar (E, A, D, and G).", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is a transposing instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ Ethnomusicology is the study of music from the cultural and social aspects of the people who make it.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ It encompasses distinct theoretical and methodical approaches that emphasize cultural, social, material, cognitive, biological, and other dimensions or contexts of musical behavior, instead of only its isolated sound component.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ The term \"ethnomusicology\" is said to have been first coined by Jaap Kunst from the Greek words ἔθνος (\"ethnos\", \"nation\") and μουσική (\"mousike\", \"music\"), is often defined as the anthropology or ethnography of music, or as musical anthropology.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ During its early development from comparative musicology in the 1950s, ethnomusicology was primarily oriented toward non-Western music, but for several decades has included the study of all and any musics of the world (including Western art music and popular music) from anthropological, sociological and intercultural perspectives.", "Isan language __knowledge__ Isan or Northeastern Thai () is a group of Lao varieties spoken in the northern two-thirds of Isan in northeastern Thailand, as well as in adjacent portions of northern and eastern Thailand.", "Isan language __knowledge__ It is the native language of the Isan people, spoken by 20 million or so people in Thailand, a third of the population of Thailand and 80 percent of all Lao speakers.", "Isan language __knowledge__ The language remains the primary language in 88 percent of households in Isan.", "Isan language __knowledge__ It is commonly used as a second, third, or even fourth language by the region's other linguistic minorities, such as Northern Khmer, Khorat Thai, Kuy, Nyah Kur, and other Tai or Austronesian-speaking peoples.", "Rime dictionary __knowledge__ A rime dictionary, rhyme dictionary, or rime book () is an ancient type of Chinese dictionary that collates characters by tone and rhyme, instead of by radical.", "Rime dictionary __knowledge__ The most important rime dictionary tradition began with the \"Qieyun\" (601), which codified correct pronunciations for reading the classics and writing poetry by combining the reading traditions of north and south China.", "Rime dictionary __knowledge__ This work became very popular during the Tang dynasty, and went through a series of revisions and expansions, of which the most famous is the \"Guangyun\" (1007–1008).", "Rime dictionary __knowledge__ These dictionaries specify the pronunciations of characters using the \"fǎnqiè\" method, giving a pair of characters indicating the onset and remainder of the syllable respectively.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The term \"karaoke\" is also used by recording engineers to refer to an instrumental version of a recording (i.e., to a version of a recording with no vocal track).", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The concept of creating studio recordings that lack the lead vocal has been around for nearly as long as recording itself.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ Many artists, amateur and professional, perform in situations where a full band/orchestra is either logistically or financially impractical, so they use a \"karaoke\" recording; they are, however, the original artists.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ (This is not to be confused with \"lip synching,\" in which a performer mimes to a previously produced studio recording with the lead vocal intact.)", "Protest songs in the United States __knowledge__ The tradition of protest songs in the United States is a long one that dates back to the 18th century and colonial period, the American Revolutionary War and its aftermath.", "Protest songs in the United States __knowledge__ In the 19th century topical subjects for protest in song included abolition, slavery, poverty, and the Civil War amongst other subjects.", "Protest songs in the United States __knowledge__ In the 20th century civil liberties, civil rights, women's rights, economic injustice, politics and war were among the popular subjects for protest in song.", "Protest songs in the United States __knowledge__ In the 21st century the long tradition continues.", "Protest songs in the United States __knowledge__ 19th-century protest songs dealt, for the most part, with three key issues: war, and the Civil War in particular (such as \"Johnny I Hardly Knew Ye\" from Ireland, and its American variant, \"When Johnny Comes Marching Home Again\", among others); the abolition of slavery (\"Song of the Abolitionist\" \"\"No More Auction Block for Me\"\", \"Oh Freedom\", and \"Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child\", among others); and women's suffrage, both for and against in both Britain and the U.S. Hutchinson Family Singers were one of the protest voices in America at the time.", "St Matthew Passion __knowledge__ The St Matthew Passion (), BWV 244, is a \"Passion\", a sacred oratorio written by Johann Sebastian Bach in 1727 for solo voices, double choir and double orchestra, with libretto by Picander (Christian Friedrich Henrici).", "St Matthew Passion __knowledge__ It sets chapters and of the Gospel of Matthew (in the German translation of Martin Luther) to music, with interspersed chorales and arias.", "St Matthew Passion __knowledge__ It is widely regarded as one of the masterpieces of classical sacred music.", "St Matthew Passion __knowledge__ The original Latin title translates to \"The Passion of our Lord J[esus] C[hrist] according to the Evangelist Matthew\".", "St Matthew Passion __knowledge__ The \"St Matthew Passion\" is the second of two Passion settings by Bach that have survived in their entirety, the first being the \"St John Passion\", first performed in 1724.", "Quentin Quire __knowledge__ Quintavius \"Quentin\" Quirinius Quire, also known as Kid Omega, is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, usually in those featuring the X-Men.", "Quentin Quire __knowledge__ A green-skinned character resembling Quire appeared in one panel of \"New X-Men\" #122 (March 2002), and appeared colored pink on the cover of \"New X-Men\" #126.", "Quentin Quire __knowledge__ Quire appeared in his now-familiar, canonical form in \"New X-Men\" #134 (January 2003).", "Quentin Quire __knowledge__ He was created by writer Grant Morrison and artist Frank Quitely.", "Quentin Quire __knowledge__ Quire made his first appearance in \"New X-Men\" #134 (January 2003).", "Quentin Quire __knowledge__ His first appearance as Kid Omega and the first appearance of the Omega Gang were in \"New X-Men\" #135 (February 2003).", "Choral music of Washington, D.C. __knowledge__ Washington, D.C. and its environs are home to an unusually large and vibrant choral music scene, including choirs and choruses of many sizes and types.", "Choral music of Washington, D.C. __knowledge__ \"Note - this section does not discuss particular scholastic / university or church ensembles unless they are independently notable.\"", "Choral music of Washington, D.C. __knowledge__ Unlike many American cities, Washington, D.C., features several independent (i.e., non-orchestra-controlled) symphonic choruses, including three major organizations with annual budgets exceeding $1 million.", "Choral music of Washington, D.C. __knowledge__ The Choral Arts Society of Washington, founded and directed by Norman Scribner for 47 years, has been led by Scott Tucker since 2012.", "Orgelbüchlein __knowledge__ The Orgelbüchlein (\"Little Organ Book\") BWV 599−644 is a collection of 46 chorale preludes for organ written by Johann Sebastian Bach.", "Orgelbüchlein __knowledge__ All but three of them were composed during the period 1708–1717, while Bach was court organist at the ducal court in Weimar.", "Orgelbüchlein __knowledge__ The remaining three, along with a short two-bar fragment, were added in 1726 or later, after Bach's appointment as cantor at the Thomasschule in Leipzig.", "Orgelbüchlein __knowledge__ The collection was originally planned as a set of 164 chorale preludes spanning the whole liturgical year.", "Orgelbüchlein __knowledge__ The chorale preludes form the first of Bach's masterpieces for organ with a mature compositional style in marked contrast to his previous compositions for the instrument.", "Paul Salamunovich __knowledge__ Paul Salamunovich KCSG (June 7, 1927April 3, 2014) was an American choral conductor and educator.", "Paul Salamunovich __knowledge__ He was the Music Director Emeritus of the Los Angeles Master Chorale, after having served as Music Director from 1991 to 2001.", "Paul Salamunovich __knowledge__ He served as Director of Music at St. Charles Borromeo Church in North Hollywood, California, for 60 years between 1949 and 2009.", "Paul Salamunovich __knowledge__ In addition, he held academic positions at a number of Southern California universities.", "Paul Salamunovich __knowledge__ He was acknowledged as an expert in Gregorian chant and has long been recognized for his contributions in the field of sacred music, most notably receiving a Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice, the highest laity award from the papacy in 2013 and a Papal knighthood in the Order of St. Gregory the Great from Pope Paul VI in 1969.", "Kansas City Chorale __knowledge__ The Kansas City Chorale (www.kcchorale.org) is a professional 27-voice chorus conducted by Charles Bruffy.", "Kansas City Chorale __knowledge__ They perform a four concert series in Kansas City, tour nationwide, and perform with their sister choir, the Phoenix Chorale, also conducted by Mr. Bruffy.", "Kansas City Chorale __knowledge__ During his tenure as conductor, the chorus has achieved international acclaim.", "Kansas City Chorale __knowledge__ Mr. Bruffy, renowned for his fresh interpretations of both traditional and new music, was noted by the New York Times as a disciple of the late Robert Shaw.", "Kansas City Chorale __knowledge__ The Chorale has premiered works by Maija Einfelde, Jean Belmont, Libby Larsen, Zhou Long, Stephen Paulus, Steven Stucky, Eric Whitacre, and Chen Yi, among other composers." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Choir __knowledge__ A choir () (also known as a quire, chorale or chorus) is a musical ensemble of singers.", "Choir __knowledge__ Choral music, in turn, is the music written specifically for such an ensemble to perform.", "Choir __knowledge__ Choirs may perform music from the classical music repertoire, which spans from the Medieval era to the present, or popular music repertoire.", "Choir __knowledge__ Most choirs are led by a conductor, who leads the performances with arm and face gestures.", "Choir __knowledge__ A body of singers who perform together as a group is called a choir or chorus.", "Choir __knowledge__ The former term is very often applied to groups affiliated with a church (whether or not they actually occupy the choir) and the second to groups that perform in theatres or concert halls, but this distinction is far from rigid.", "Choir __knowledge__ Choirs may sing without instrumental accompaniment, with the accompaniment of a piano or pipe organ, with a small ensemble (e.g., harpsichord, cello and double bass for a Baroque piece), or with a full orchestra of 70 to 100 musicians.", "Choir __knowledge__ The term \"Choir\" has the secondary definition of a subset of an ensemble; thus one speaks of the \"woodwind choir\" of an orchestra, or different \"choirs\" of voices or instruments in a polychoral composition.", "Choir __knowledge__ In typical 18th- to 21st-century oratorios and masses, chorus or choir is usually understood to imply more than one singer per part, in contrast to the quartet of soloists also featured in these works.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ \"Wow Oh Wow\" is a song by Irish hip pop duo Jedward.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It is the third single released from their second album, \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It was released as a digital download on 18 November 2011.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song is written by Oritsé Williams of boy band JLS, and songwriters Johannes Joergensen, Savan Kotecha, Daniel Klein of Deekay.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ In September 2011, \"Wow Oh Wow\" was announced as the third single from \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ Jedward debuted the song on Irish chat show \"The Late Late Show\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song was released as a digital-only single.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The music video was directed by Dale \"Rage\" Resteghini and filmed in Los Angeles, California in October 2011.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"OMG\" is a song by American recording artist Usher and American rapper will.i.am, who also wrote and produced the song.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It uses the auto-tune effect in several lines, as well as \"Jock Jams\"-esque sports arena chanting.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It was released on March 22, 2010 as the first worldwide single off his sixth studio album, \"Raymond v. Raymond\", and the fourth single overall, following the three US singles \"Papers\", \"Hey Daddy (Daddy's Home)\", and \"Lil Freak\".", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was met with a mixed reception from critics, who criticized the use of auto-tune, but commended the song's dance and club vibe.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song marks the second time that Usher has collaborated with will.i.am, following the single \"What's Your Name\", from his previous album \"Here I Stand\" (2008).", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Those Darlins was a rock and roll band from Nashville, Tennessee active between 2006 and 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The group has released three albums, their alt-country-leaning self-titled debut \"Those Darlins\" in 2009, the garage rock influenced \"Screws Get Loose\" in 2011, and the more classic rock and roll \"Blur the Line\" in 2013.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band also owns and operates its own record label, Oh Wow Dang Records.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band entered into a hiatus in 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Lead singer Jessi Zazu died from cancer on September 12, 2017.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Jessi Zazu, Nikki Kvarnes, and Kelley Anderson formed Those Darlins after meeting at the Southern Girls Rock & Roll Camp in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Women in music __knowledge__ Women in music describes the role of women as composers, songwriters, instrumental performers, singers, conductors, music scholars, music educators, music critics/music journalists and other musical professions.", "Women in music __knowledge__ As well, it describes music movements (e.g., women's music, which is music written and performed by women for women), events and genres related to women, women's issues and feminism.", "Women in music __knowledge__ In the 2010s, while women comprise a significant proportion of popular music and classical music singers, and a significant proportion of songwriters (many of them being singer-songwriters), there are few women record producers, rock critics and rock instrumentalists.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.", "Music __knowledge__ The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the \"color\" of a musical sound).", "Music __knowledge__ Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments.", "Classical music __knowledge__ Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western culture, including both liturgical (religious) and secular music.", "Classical music __knowledge__ While a more precise term is also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 (the Classical period), this article is about the broad span of time from before the 6th century AD to the present day, which includes the Classical period and various other periods.", "Classical music __knowledge__ The central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900, which is known as the common-practice period.", "Classical music __knowledge__ The major time divisions of Western art music are as follows: European art music is largely distinguished from many other non-European classical and some popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 11th century.", "Orchestra __knowledge__ An orchestra ( or ; ) is a large instrumental ensemble typical of classical music, which mixes instruments from different families, including bowed string instruments such as violin, viola, cello and double bass, as well as brass, woodwinds, and percussion instruments, each grouped in sections.", "Orchestra __knowledge__ Other instruments such as the piano and celesta may sometimes appear in a fifth keyboard section or may stand alone, as may the concert harp and, for performances of some modern compositions, electronic instruments.", "Orchestra __knowledge__ The term \"orchestra\" derives from the Greek ὀορχήστρα (\"orchestra\"), the name for the area in front of a stage in ancient Greek theatre reserved for the Greek chorus.", "Composer __knowledge__ A composer (Latin \"compōnō\"; literally \"one who puts together\") is a musician who is an author of music in any form, including vocal music (for a singer or choir), instrumental music, electronic music, and music which combines multiple forms.", "Composer __knowledge__ A composer may create music in any musical music genre, including, for example, classical music, musical theatre, blues, folk music, jazz, and popular music.", "Composer __knowledge__ Composers often express their works in a written musical score using musical notation.", "Composer __knowledge__ Many composers are, or were, also skilled performers of music.", "Composer __knowledge__ Since musical notation only incompletely expresses a piece of music, there is a whole continuum of possibilities concerning how much the performer determines the final form of the rendered work in a concert.", "Music of Italy __knowledge__ The music of Italy ranges across a broad spectrum of opera and instrumental classical music and a body of popular music drawn from both native and imported sources.", "Music of Italy __knowledge__ Music has traditionally been one of the cultural markers of Italian national and ethnic identity and holds an important position in society and in politics.", "Music of Italy __knowledge__ Italian innovation in musical scales, harmony, notation, and theatre enabled the development of opera in the late 16th century, and much of modern European classical music, such as the symphony and concerto.", "Music of Italy __knowledge__ Instrumental and vocal classical music is an iconic part of Italian identity, spanning experimental art music and international fusions to symphonic music and opera." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Choir __knowledge__ A choir () (also known as a quire, chorale or chorus) is a musical ensemble of singers.", "Choir __knowledge__ Choral music, in turn, is the music written specifically for such an ensemble to perform.", "Choir __knowledge__ Choirs may perform music from the classical music repertoire, which spans from the Medieval era to the present, or popular music repertoire.", "Choir __knowledge__ Most choirs are led by a conductor, who leads the performances with arm and face gestures.", "Choir __knowledge__ A body of singers who perform together as a group is called a choir or chorus.", "Choir __knowledge__ The former term is very often applied to groups affiliated with a church (whether or not they actually occupy the choir) and the second to groups that perform in theatres or concert halls, but this distinction is far from rigid.", "Choir __knowledge__ Choirs may sing without instrumental accompaniment, with the accompaniment of a piano or pipe organ, with a small ensemble (e.g., harpsichord, cello and double bass for a Baroque piece), or with a full orchestra of 70 to 100 musicians.", "Choir __knowledge__ The term \"Choir\" has the secondary definition of a subset of an ensemble; thus one speaks of the \"woodwind choir\" of an orchestra, or different \"choirs\" of voices or instruments in a polychoral composition.", "Choir __knowledge__ In typical 18th- to 21st-century oratorios and masses, chorus or choir is usually understood to imply more than one singer per part, in contrast to the quartet of soloists also featured in these works.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ Johann Sebastian Bach (28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the Baroque period.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ He is known for instrumental compositions such as the \"Brandenburg Concertos\" and the \"Goldberg Variations\", and vocal music such as the \"St Matthew Passion\" and the Mass in B minor.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ Since the 19th-century Bach Revival he has been generally regarded as one of the greatest composers of all time.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ The Bach family already counted several composers when Johann Sebastian was born as the last child of a city musician in Eisenach.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ Having become an orphan at age 10, he lived for five years with his eldest brother, after which he continued his musical formation in Lüneburg.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ The Bach House in Eisenach, Thuringia, Germany, is a museum dedicated to the composer Johann Sebastian Bach who was born in the city.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ On its 600 m² it displays around 250 original exhibits, among them a Bach music autograph.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ The core of the building complex is a half-timbered house, ca.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ 550 years old, which was mistakenly identified as Bach's birth house in the middle of the 19th century.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ In 1905, the Leipzig-based Neue Bachgesellschaft acquired the building.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ In 1907, it was opened as the first Bach museum.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ The Bach family was a widespread musical family, with members working in musical professions throughout Thuringia since the first half of the 16th century until the end of the 18th century.", "Stanley Kubrick __knowledge__ Stanley Kubrick (; July 26, 1928 – March 7, 1999) was an American film director, screenwriter, and producer.", "Stanley Kubrick __knowledge__ He is frequently cited as one of the greatest and most influential directors in cinematic history.", "Stanley Kubrick __knowledge__ His films, which are mostly adaptations of novels or short stories, cover a wide range of genres, and are noted for their realism, dark humor, unique cinematography, extensive set designs, and evocative use of music.", "Stanley Kubrick __knowledge__ Kubrick was raised in the Bronx, New York City, and attended William Howard Taft High School from 1941 to 1945.", "Stanley Kubrick __knowledge__ Although he only received average grades, Kubrick displayed a keen interest in literature, photography, and film from a young age, and taught himself all aspects of film production and directing after graduating from high school.", "Clavier-Übung III __knowledge__ The Clavier-Übung III, sometimes referred to as the German Organ Mass, is a collection of compositions for organ by Johann Sebastian Bach, started in 1735–36 and published in 1739.", "Clavier-Übung III __knowledge__ It is considered Bach's most significant and extensive work for organ, containing some of his most musically complex and technically demanding compositions for that instrument.", "Clavier-Übung III __knowledge__ In its use of modal forms, motet-style and canons, it looks back to the religious music of masters of the stile antico, such as Frescobaldi, Palestrina, Lotti and Caldara.", "Clavier-Übung III __knowledge__ At the same time, Bach was forward-looking, incorporating and distilling modern baroque musical forms, such as the French-style chorale.", "Sunidhi Chauhan __knowledge__ Sunidhi Chauhan (pronounced ; born 14 August 1983) is an Indian playback singer.", "Sunidhi Chauhan __knowledge__ Born in Delhi, she began performing in local gatherings at the age of four and made her career debut at the age of thirteen, with the film \"Shastra\" (1996).", "Sunidhi Chauhan __knowledge__ During the year, she won the first singing reality show titled \"Meri Awaz Suno\" and rose to prominence after recording \"Ruki Ruki Si Zindagi\" from \"Mast\" (1999).", "Sunidhi Chauhan __knowledge__ It won her Filmfare RD Burman Award for New Music Talent and was nominated for the Best Female Playback Singer.", "Sunidhi Chauhan __knowledge__ Her second breakthrough was released in 2000, with the song \"Mehboob Mere\" from \"Fiza\", for which she received another Filmfare nomination.", "Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach __knowledge__ Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (8 March 1714 – 14 December 1788), also formerly spelled Karl Philipp Emmanuel Bach, was a German Classical period musician and composer, the fifth child and second (surviving) son of Johann Sebastian Bach and Maria Barbara Bach.", "Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach __knowledge__ His second name was given in honor of his godfather Georg Philipp Telemann, a friend of Johann Sebastian Bach.", "Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach __knowledge__ C. P. E. Bach was an influential composer working at a time of transition between his father's baroque style and the classical and romantic styles that followed it.", "Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach __knowledge__ His personal approach, an expressive and often turbulent one known as \"\" or 'sensitive style', applied the principles of rhetoric and drama to musical structures.", "Women in music __knowledge__ Women in music describes the role of women as composers, songwriters, instrumental performers, singers, conductors, music scholars, music educators, music critics/music journalists and other musical professions.", "Women in music __knowledge__ As well, it describes music movements (e.g., women's music, which is music written and performed by women for women), events and genres related to women, women's issues and feminism.", "Women in music __knowledge__ In the 2010s, while women comprise a significant proportion of popular music and classical music singers, and a significant proportion of songwriters (many of them being singer-songwriters), there are few women record producers, rock critics and rock instrumentalists.", "Conducting __knowledge__ Conducting is the art of directing a musical performance, such as an orchestral or choral concert.", "Conducting __knowledge__ It has been defined as \"the art of directing the simultaneous performance of several players or singers by the use of gesture.\"", "Conducting __knowledge__ The primary duties of the conductor are to interpret the score created by a composer in a manner which is reflective of the specific indications within that score, set the tempo, ensure correct entries by various members of the ensemble, and to \"shape\" the phrasing where appropriate.", "Conducting __knowledge__ To convey their ideas and interpretation, conductors communicate with their musicians primarily through hand gestures, typically though not invariably with the aid of a baton, and may use other gestures or signals, such as eye contact with relevant performers.", "Overhead power line __knowledge__ An overhead power line is a structure used in electric power transmission and distribution to transmit electrical energy along large distances.", "Overhead power line __knowledge__ It consists of one or more conductors (commonly multiples of three) suspended by towers or poles.", "Overhead power line __knowledge__ Since most of the insulation is provided by air, overhead power lines are generally the lowest-cost method of power transmission for large quantities of electric energy.", "Overhead power line __knowledge__ Towers for support of the lines are made of wood (as-grown or laminated), steel or aluminum (either lattice structures or tubular poles), concrete, and occasionally reinforced plastics.", "Overhead power line __knowledge__ The bare wire conductors on the line are generally made of aluminum (either plain or reinforced with steel, or composite materials such as carbon and glass fiber), though some copper wires are used in medium-voltage distribution and low-voltage connections to customer premises.", "Orchestra __knowledge__ An orchestra ( or ; ) is a large instrumental ensemble typical of classical music, which mixes instruments from different families, including bowed string instruments such as violin, viola, cello and double bass, as well as brass, woodwinds, and percussion instruments, each grouped in sections.", "Orchestra __knowledge__ Other instruments such as the piano and celesta may sometimes appear in a fifth keyboard section or may stand alone, as may the concert harp and, for performances of some modern compositions, electronic instruments.", "Orchestra __knowledge__ The term \"orchestra\" derives from the Greek ὀορχήστρα (\"orchestra\"), the name for the area in front of a stage in ancient Greek theatre reserved for the Greek chorus.", "Electrical wiring __knowledge__ Electrical wiring is an electrical installation of cabling and associated devices such as switches, distribution boards, sockets and light fittings in a structure.", "Electrical wiring __knowledge__ Wiring is subject to safety standards for design and installation.", "Electrical wiring __knowledge__ Allowable wire and cable types and sizes are specified according to the circuit operating voltage and electric current capability, with further restrictions on the environmental conditions, such as ambient temperature range, moisture levels, and exposure to sunlight and chemicals.", "Electrical wiring __knowledge__ Associated circuit protection, control and distribution devices within a building's wiring system are subject to voltage, current and functional specification.", "Military Wives __knowledge__ Military Wives Choirs are a group of British choirs formed of wives, partners and widows of British Military personnel as well as service women and veterans and are located around the UK and in several locations abroad.", "Military Wives __knowledge__ Formed in 2010, the choir has performed at major military events and also at the Diamond Jubilee Concert.", "Military Wives __knowledge__ The first choir held their first rehearsal in April 2010 in Catterick Garrison.", "Military Wives __knowledge__ It was the idea of two Scots Guards wives who decided, whilst their husbands deployed in Afghanistan in 2009, to put up posters at the Garrison to actively encourage and look for ladies interested in singing together, to help support and give the wives a focus whilst their husbands deployed.", "Adrian Boult __knowledge__ Sir Adrian Cedric Boult, CH (; 8 April 1889 – 22 February 1983) was an English conductor.", "Adrian Boult __knowledge__ Brought up in a prosperous mercantile family, he followed musical studies in England and at Leipzig, Germany, with early conducting work in London for the Royal Opera House and Sergei Diaghilev's ballet company.", "Adrian Boult __knowledge__ His first prominent post was conductor of the City of Birmingham Orchestra in 1924.", "Adrian Boult __knowledge__ When the British Broadcasting Corporation appointed him director of music in 1930, he established the BBC Symphony Orchestra and became its chief conductor.", "Adrian Boult __knowledge__ The orchestra set standards of excellence that were rivalled in Britain only by the London Philharmonic Orchestra (LPO), founded two years later." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 4, 10 ]

[ "Choirs are interesting. They are also known as a quire, chorale, or chorus.", "Yes indeed. They may perform music from a classical music repertoire.", "I have a few, and seeing choirs being led by conductors is an amazing scene.", "Bach is a classic. Born July 28, 1750." ]

[ "Choir", "Choir", "Choir", "Choir" ]

[ "Game of Thrones\nI've never watched Game of Thrones but I know tons of people that have.", "Are they? I don't think I know anybody that has read the books before.", "Cool! How many are out so far?", "Damn, what's taking him so long with these books then?", "I have heard that he is pretty slow, but damn it's been almost 8 years since the last one!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is \"A Game of Thrones\".", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in the United Kingdom, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and the United States.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and its seventh season ended on August 27, 2017.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series will conclude with its eighth season premiering in 2019.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, \"Game of Thrones\" has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast but centers on three primary story arcs.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The first story arc centers on the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms and follows a web of alliances and conflicts among the dynastic noble families either vying to claim the throne or fighting for independence from the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The second story arc focuses on the last descendant of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty, exiled and plotting a return to the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The third story arc centers on the longstanding brotherhood charged with defending the realm against the ancient threats of the fierce peoples and legendary creatures that lie far north, and an impending winter that threatens the realm.", "List of The Lego Movie characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from \"The Lego Movie\" franchise produced by Warner Animation Group and The Lego Group which consists of the animated films, 4D film and TV series, \"The Lego Movie\" (2014), \"\" (2016), \"The Lego Batman Movie\" (2017), \"The Lego Ninjago Movie\" (2017) and \"Unikitty!\"", "List of The Lego Movie characters __knowledge__ (2017-present).", "List of The Lego Movie characters __knowledge__ Emmet (voiced by Chris Pratt in \"The Lego Movie\" and \"Lego Dimensions\"; A.J.", "List of The Lego Movie characters __knowledge__ Locascio in \"\"; Keith Ferguson in \"The Lego Movie Videogame\") is the main protagonist of \"The Lego Movie\".", "List of The Lego Movie characters __knowledge__ He starts off as a regular construction worker who was chosen by the prophecy to find the Piece of Resistance to save the Lego World and stop the evil Lord Business.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ \"Game of Thrones\" is an American fantasy drama television series created for HBO by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The story takes place on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, it has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The first story arc follows a dynastic conflict among competing claimants for succession to the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms, with other noble families fighting for independence from the throne.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The second covers attempts to reclaim the throne by the exiled last scion of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty; the third chronicles the threat of the impending winter and the legendary creatures and fierce peoples of the North.", "Jan Schmidt-Garre __knowledge__ Jan Schmidt-Garre (born June 18, 1962 in Munich), German film director and producer.", "Jan Schmidt-Garre __knowledge__ Jan Schmidt-Garre studied philosophy at the Hochschule für Philosophie der Jesuiten in Munich from 1982 to 1986 (M. A. with a semiotic thesis on Wagner's “Ring of the Nibelung”).", "Jan Schmidt-Garre __knowledge__ He also studied feature film direction at Munich's Hochschule für Fernsehen und Film from 1984 to 1988.", "Jan Schmidt-Garre __knowledge__ During this time he worked as a trainee and assistant director for, among others, Rudolf Noelte, Jean-Pierre Ponnelle, David Esrig, Joachim Herz and Harry Kupfer (at the Salzburg Festival, the Bayreuth Festival, the Metropolitan Opera in New York and at the Dresden Opera).", "Lego Power Miners __knowledge__ Lego Power Miners was a product range – or \"theme\" – of the construction toy Lego.", "Lego Power Miners __knowledge__ It was influenced by the previous 1999 Lego Rock Raiders line.", "Lego Power Miners __knowledge__ Power Miners is based beneath the surface of the Lego World, wherein a team of 'Power Miners' investigate the cause of a series of severe earthquakes and discover both Rock Monsters and Energy Crystals.", "Lego Power Miners __knowledge__ The theme was released originally in 2009.", "Lego Power Miners __knowledge__ It was a theme introduced in 2009 and discontinued in 2010.", "Lego Power Miners __knowledge__ The Power Miners (Doc, Duke, Rex, and Brains) are sent underground by the government to investigate a series of earthquakes occurring in the Southwest Region of the U.S that have destroyed several cities on the surface of the Lego World.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He began the first volume of the series, \"A Game of Thrones\", in 1991 and had it published in 1996.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Martin, who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy, has published five out of a planned seven volumes.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011, \"A Dance with Dragons\", took Martin six years to write.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He is still writing the sixth novel, \"The Winds of Winter\".", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" takes place on the fictional continents Westeros and Essos.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The point of view of each chapter in the story is a limited perspective of a range of characters growing from nine, in the first novel, to thirty-one by the fifth.", "Yankees–Red Sox rivalry __knowledge__ The Yankees–Red Sox rivalry is a Major League Baseball (MLB) rivalry between the New York Yankees and Boston Red Sox.", "Yankees–Red Sox rivalry __knowledge__ The two teams have competed in MLB's American League (AL) for over 100 seasons and have since developed one of the fiercest rivalries in American sports.", "Yankees–Red Sox rivalry __knowledge__ In 1919, Red Sox owner Harry Frazee sold star player Babe Ruth to the Yankees, which was followed by an 86-year period in which the Red Sox did not win a World Series.", "Yankees–Red Sox rivalry __knowledge__ This led to the popularization of a superstition known as the \"Curse of the Bambino\", which was one of the most well-known aspects of the rivalry.", "Yankees–Red Sox rivalry __knowledge__ The rivalry is often a heated subject of conversation, especially in the home region of both teams, the Northeastern United States." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is \"A Game of Thrones\".", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in the United Kingdom, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and the United States.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and its seventh season ended on August 27, 2017.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series will conclude with its eighth season premiering in 2019.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, \"Game of Thrones\" has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast but centers on three primary story arcs.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The first story arc centers on the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms and follows a web of alliances and conflicts among the dynastic noble families either vying to claim the throne or fighting for independence from the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The second story arc focuses on the last descendant of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty, exiled and plotting a return to the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The third story arc centers on the longstanding brotherhood charged with defending the realm against the ancient threats of the fierce peoples and legendary creatures that lie far north, and an impending winter that threatens the realm.", "I Don't Know Anybody Else __knowledge__ \"I Don't Know Anybody Else\" is a song by the Italian music group Black Box.", "I Don't Know Anybody Else __knowledge__ It was the second single from their debut album \"Dreamland\" (1990), and was originally released in the United States in December 1989.", "I Don't Know Anybody Else __knowledge__ It was released worldwide in the early months of 1990.", "I Don't Know Anybody Else __knowledge__ \"I Don’t Know Anybody Else\" had a great success in record charts worldwide, including Ireland, Switzerland, Norway and the United Kingdom, where it reached the top-five.", "I Don't Know Anybody Else __knowledge__ In other countries, it peaked between number five and number ten.", "I Don't Know Anybody Else __knowledge__ It entered the UK Singles Chart in February 17, 1990 and remained for eight weeks.", "I Don't Know Anybody Else __knowledge__ The song features an uncredited Martha Wash on lead vocals, as initially she requested Black Box not to mention or credit her name in the recording.", "Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories __knowledge__ During Barack Obama's campaign for president in 2008, throughout his presidency, and afterwards, a number of conspiracy theories were circulated, falsely asserting that Obama was ineligible to be President of the United States on the basis that he was not a natural-born citizen of the United States within the requirement of .", "Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories __knowledge__ Theories alleged that Obama's published birth certificate was a forgery—that his actual birthplace was not Hawaii but Kenya.", "Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories __knowledge__ Other theories alleged that Obama became a citizen of Indonesia in childhood, thereby losing his U.S. citizenship.", "Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories __knowledge__ Still others claimed that Obama was not a natural-born U.S. citizen because he was born a dual citizen (British and American).", "Plame affair __knowledge__ The Plame affair (also known as the CIA leak scandal and Plamegate) was a political scandal that revolved around journalist Robert Novak's public identification of Valerie Plame as a covert Central Intelligence Agency officer in 2003.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ In 2002, Plame wrote a memo to her superiors in which she expressed hesitation in recommending her husband, former diplomat Joseph C. Wilson, to the CIA for a mission to Niger to investigate claims that Iraq had arranged to purchase and import uranium from the country, but stated that he \"may be in a position to assist\".", "Plame affair __knowledge__ After President George W. Bush stated that \"Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa\" during the run-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Wilson published a July 2003 op-ed in \"The New York Times\" stating his doubts during the mission that any such transaction with Iraq had taken place.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "Maria Sergeyevna Durnovo (Griboyedova) __knowledge__ Maria Sergeyevna Durnovo (Griboedova) \"()\" born 1792 died 1856 in Moscow, Russia.", "Maria Sergeyevna Durnovo (Griboyedova) __knowledge__ She was a younger sister of Russian writer/poet Alexander Sergeyevich Griboyedov.", "Maria Sergeyevna Durnovo (Griboyedova) __knowledge__ In 1827 she married Aleksey Mikhailovich Durnovo While life of Alexander Griboyedov is well documented and researched, very few biographers paid attention to the one person that poet was close to, not only by blood, but also in spirit, shared his aspirations and thoughts, his sister Maria.", "Maria Sergeyevna Durnovo (Griboyedova) __knowledge__ She was two years older than his famous brother [see controversy about Alexander Griboyedov's date of birth].", "Maria Sergeyevna Durnovo (Griboyedova) __knowledge__ Their friendship began in the years of their childhood and lasted their entire life by their own admission they kept no secrets from each other.", "Black Box (band) __knowledge__ Black Box is an Italian house music group popular in the late 1980s and early 1990s.", "Black Box (band) __knowledge__ The members of the group included a trio made up of a club DJ (Daniele Davoli), a classically trained clarinet teacher (Valerio Semplici), and a keyboard and electronic music \"wiz\" (Mirko Limoni).", "Black Box (band) __knowledge__ The three created an image for the Black Box act using French fashion model Katrin Quinol as its album/singles cover art and supposed lead singer in all of the group's music videos.", "Black Box (band) __knowledge__ Davoli, Semplici, and Limoni had previously formed a group called Groove Groove Melody, producing dance music under names such as Starlight (who had a UK Top 10 hit in August 1989 with \"Numero Uno\") and Wood Allen.", "Bruno Bettelheim __knowledge__ Bruno Bettelheim (August 28, 1903 – March 13, 1990) was the director of the Orthogenic School for Disturbed Children at the University of Chicago from 1944 to 1973.", "Bruno Bettelheim __knowledge__ After his death allegations of plagiarism, falsified credentials, and abusive treatment of students were raised and later substantiated.", "Bruno Bettelheim __knowledge__ Bettelheim was born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary.", "Bruno Bettelheim __knowledge__ Following the Nazi \"Anschluss\" (annexation) of Austria in March 1938, Bettelheim was arrested in May because he was a Jew and an advocate of Austrian independence.", "Bruno Bettelheim __knowledge__ He was imprisoned for ten and a half months in the concentration camps Dachau and Buchenwald until he was released in April 1939.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He began the first volume of the series, \"A Game of Thrones\", in 1991 and had it published in 1996.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Martin, who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy, has published five out of a planned seven volumes.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011, \"A Dance with Dragons\", took Martin six years to write.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He is still writing the sixth novel, \"The Winds of Winter\".", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" takes place on the fictional continents Westeros and Essos.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The point of view of each chapter in the story is a limited perspective of a range of characters growing from nine, in the first novel, to thirty-one by the fifth.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The following is a list of works based on \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", the series of fantasy novels by George R. R. Martin.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Martin wrote three separate novellas set ninety years before the events of the novels.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ These novellas are known as the \"Tales of Dunk and Egg\" after the main protagonists, Ser Duncan the Tall and his squire \"Egg\", the later King Aegon V Targaryen.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The stories have no direct connection to the plot of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", although both characters are mentioned in \"A Storm of Swords\" and \"A Feast For Crows\", respectively.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The novellas were published in short story anthologies: The unfinished series of novellas is to continue to be published in a series of collections entitled \"A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms\".", "George R. R. Martin __knowledge__ George Raymond Richard Martin (born George Raymond Martin; September 20, 1948), often referred to as George R. R. Martin, is an American novelist and short-story writer in the fantasy, horror, and science fiction genres, screenwriter, and television producer.", "George R. R. Martin __knowledge__ He is best known for his series of epic fantasy novels, \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", which was later adapted into the HBO series \"Game of Thrones\" (2011–present).", "George R. R. Martin __knowledge__ In 2005, Lev Grossman of \"Time\" called Martin \"the American Tolkien\", and in 2011, he was included on the annual \"Time\" 100 list of the most influential people in the world.", "George R. R. Martin __knowledge__ George Raymond Martin (he later adopted the confirmation name Richard at 13 years old) was born on September 20, 1948, in Bayonne, New Jersey, the son of longshoreman Raymond Collins Martin and his wife Margaret Brady Martin.", "World of A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The fictional world in which the \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" novels by George R. R. Martin take place is divided into several continents, known collectively as The Known World.", "World of A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Most of the story takes place on the continent Westeros, in a large political entity known as the Seven Kingdoms.", "World of A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The \"Seven Kingdoms\" actually consist of nine regions (the North, the Iron Islands, the Riverlands, the Vale, the Westerlands, the Stormlands, the Reach, the Crownlands, and Dorne), and there is a largely unmapped area to the north, separated from the Seven Kingdoms by a massive wall of ice and old magic.", "World of A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The vast continent of Essos lies to the east of Westeros, across the Narrow Sea.", "Themes in A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" is an ongoing series of epic fantasy novels by American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin.", "Themes in A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The first installment of the series, \"A Game of Thrones\", which was originally planned as a trilogy, was published in 1996.", "Themes in A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The series now consists of five published volumes, and two more volumes are planned.", "Themes in A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The series is told in the third-person through the eyes of a number of point of view characters.", "Themes in A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ A television series adaptation, \"Game of Thrones\", premiered on HBO in 2011.", "Themes in A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" takes place in a fictional world, primarily on a continent called Westeros, and additionally on a large landmass to the east, known as Essos.", "Tyrion Lannister __knowledge__ Tyrion Lannister (also referred to as \"the Imp\" or \"the Halfman\") is a fictional character in \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", a series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin and its television adaptation \"Game of Thrones\".", "Tyrion Lannister __knowledge__ Based on an idea that came to Martin while writing the 1981 novel \"Windhaven\", Tyrion has been called one of the author's finest creations and most popular characters by \"The New York Times\".", "Tyrion Lannister __knowledge__ Martin has named the character as his favorite in the series.", "Tyrion Lannister __knowledge__ Introduced in \"A Game of Thrones\" (1996), Tyrion is a dwarf and member of House Lannister, one of the wealthiest and most powerful families in the fictional kingdom of Westeros." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is \"A Game of Thrones\".", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in the United Kingdom, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and the United States.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and its seventh season ended on August 27, 2017.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series will conclude with its eighth season premiering in 2019.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, \"Game of Thrones\" has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast but centers on three primary story arcs.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The first story arc centers on the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms and follows a web of alliances and conflicts among the dynastic noble families either vying to claim the throne or fighting for independence from the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The second story arc focuses on the last descendant of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty, exiled and plotting a return to the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The third story arc centers on the longstanding brotherhood charged with defending the realm against the ancient threats of the fierce peoples and legendary creatures that lie far north, and an impending winter that threatens the realm.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Coolness is an aesthetic of attitude, behavior, comportment, appearance and style which is generally admired.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Because of the varied and changing connotations of cool, as well as its subjective nature, the word has no single meaning.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ It has associations of composure and self-control (cf.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ the OED definition) and often is used as an expression of admiration or approval.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Although commonly regarded as slang, it is widely used among disparate social groups and has endured in usage for generations.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ There is no single concept of cool.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ One of the essential characteristics of cool is its mutability—what is considered cool changes over time and varies among cultures and generations.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ James Todd Smith (born January 14, 1968), better known by his stage name LL Cool J (short for Ladies Love Cool James), is an American rapper, actor, author and entrepreneur from Queens, New York.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ He is known for such hip hop hits as \"Going Back to Cali\", \"I'm Bad\", \"The Boomin' System\", \"Rock The Bells\" and \"Mama Said Knock You Out\", as well as romantic ballads such as \"Doin' It\", \"I Need Love\", \"Around the Way Girl\" and \"Hey Lover\".", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ LL Cool J has released 13 studio albums and two greatest hits compilations.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ His twelfth album \"Exit 13\" (2008), was his last for his long-tenured deal with Def Jam Recordings.", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ \"Reflective surfaces\" are surfaces that can deliver high solar reflectance (the ability to reflect the visible, infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths of the sun, reducing heat transfer to the surface) and high thermal emittance (the ability to radiate absorbed, or non-reflected solar energy).", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ Reflective surfaces are a form of geoengineering.", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ The most well-known type of reflective surface is the \"cool roof\".", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ While cool roofs are mostly associated with white roofs, they come in a variety of colors and materials and are available for both commercial and residential buildings.", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ Today's \"cool roof\" pigments allow metal roofing products to be EnergyStar rated in dark colors, even black.", "Autoclave (industrial) __knowledge__ Industrial autoclaves are pressure vessels used to process parts and materials which require exposure to elevated pressure and temperature.", "Autoclave (industrial) __knowledge__ The manufacture of high-performance components from advanced composites often requires autoclave processing.", "Autoclave (industrial) __knowledge__ An autoclave applies both heat and pressure to the workload placed inside of it.", "Autoclave (industrial) __knowledge__ Typically, there are two classes of autoclave.", "Autoclave (industrial) __knowledge__ Those pressurized with steam process workloads which can withstand exposure to water, while circulating heated gas provides greater flexibility and control of the heating atmosphere.", "Autoclave (industrial) __knowledge__ Processing by autoclave is far more costly than oven heating and is therefore generally used only when isostatic pressure must be applied to a workload of comparatively complex shape.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ \"Cool for the Summer\" is a song recorded by American singer Demi Lovato.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ It serves as the lead single from her fifth studio album, \"Confident\" (2015).", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ The song was released on July 1, 2015, by Hollywood, and Island Records, and made its radio premiere on the same date via Republic Records.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ Lovato co-wrote \"Cool for the Summer\" with Alexander Erik Kronlund, Savan Kotecha, and the song's producers Max Martin and Ali Payami.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ Musically, it is a pop rock song featuring electronic instrumental arrangement.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ The song garnered attention for its bi-curious insinuations and sexually suggestive lyrics.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ \"Cool for the Summer\" topped the digital chart in Greece and peaked within the top 10 in Lebanon, Mexico, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, as well as the top 20 in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Ireland, Slovakia, Spain, and the United States.", "Daddy Cool (band) __knowledge__ Daddy Cool is an Australian rock band formed in Melbourne in 1970 with the original line-up of Wayne Duncan (bass, vocals), Ross Hannaford (lead guitar, bass, vocals), Ross Wilson (lead vocals, rhythm guitar, harmonica) and Gary Young (drums, vocals) .", "Daddy Cool (band) __knowledge__ Their debut single \"Eagle Rock\" was released in May 1971 and stayed at number 1 on the Australian singles chart for ten weeks.", "Daddy Cool (band) __knowledge__ Their debut July 1971 LP \"Daddy Who?", "Daddy Cool (band) __knowledge__ Daddy Cool\" also reached number 1 and became the first Australian album to sell more than 100,000 copies.", "Daddy Cool (band) __knowledge__ Their name comes from the 1957 song \"Daddy Cool\" by US rock group The Rays.", "Daddy Cool (band) __knowledge__ Daddy Cool included their version on \"Daddy Who?", "NME's Cool List __knowledge__ \"NME\" Cool List is an annual listing of popular musicians compiled by the weekly British music magazine \"NME\".", "NME's Cool List __knowledge__ The list is created each November by the magazine's writers and journalists, and is based on the 50 musicians that they consider to be the \"coolest\".", "NME's Cool List __knowledge__ Each year's list is first announced by \"NME\" through both a dedicated issue of their magazine and their official website, NME.com – the Cool List issue often attracts high sales.", "NME's Cool List __knowledge__ The list was first published in 2002, to highlight the people who were \"at the forefront of the music scene\" – Jack White, the lead singer of American rock band The White Stripes, topped the first poll.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He began the first volume of the series, \"A Game of Thrones\", in 1991 and had it published in 1996.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Martin, who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy, has published five out of a planned seven volumes.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011, \"A Dance with Dragons\", took Martin six years to write.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He is still writing the sixth novel, \"The Winds of Winter\".", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" takes place on the fictional continents Westeros and Essos.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The point of view of each chapter in the story is a limited perspective of a range of characters growing from nine, in the first novel, to thirty-one by the fifth.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" novels feature a sizable cast of characters.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ The series follows three interwoven plotlines: a dynastic war for control of Westeros by several families; the rising threat of the superhuman Others beyond Westeros's northern border; and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen, the exiled heir of the previous ruling dynasty.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Each chapter is narrated in the third person limited point of view through the eyes of a single character.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Beginning with nine POV characters in \"A Game of Thrones\" (1996), the number grows to thirty-one by \"A Dance with Dragons\" (2011).", "A Feast for Crows __knowledge__ A Feast for Crows is the fourth of seven planned novels in the epic fantasy series \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" by American author George R. R. Martin.", "A Feast for Crows __knowledge__ The novel was first published on October 17, 2005, in the United Kingdom, with a United States edition following on 8 November 2005.", "A Feast for Crows __knowledge__ In May 2005, Martin announced that the \"sheer size\" of his still-unfinished manuscript for \"A Feast for Crows\" had led him and his publishers to split the narrative into two books.", "A Feast for Crows __knowledge__ Rather than divide the text in half chronologically, Martin opted to instead split the material by character and location, resulting in \"two novels taking place simultaneously\" with different casts of characters.", "List of Wicked characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that appear in Gregory Maguire’s series.", "List of Wicked characters __knowledge__ The protagonist of the first book, Elphaba is a green-skinned girl who later becomes known as the Wicked Witch of the West.", "List of Wicked characters __knowledge__ Her birth is shocking to her parents, Melena Thropp and Frexspar the Godly, as in addition to her green skin she had razor sharp teeth (she bites the finger off of a midwife moments after her birth) so Melena refuses to breast feed her.", "List of Wicked characters __knowledge__ Her father, a union minister, believes it is his fault and Elphaba’s condition is a punishment from the Unnamed God.", "List of Wicked characters __knowledge__ She attends Shiz University where she meets Glinda and, although they don’t get on at first, become close friends.", "List of Skulduggery Pleasant characters __knowledge__ This list comprises information on characters who exist in the following fantasy novels: The \"Skulduggery Pleasant books\" are written by Derek Landy.", "List of Skulduggery Pleasant characters __knowledge__ The premise of the novel is that magic is real and those with the ability to wield it live among us.", "List of Skulduggery Pleasant characters __knowledge__ Magic is split into many \"Schools\" or disciplines, the two main groups being Elemental (which concentrate on magic involving the classical elements of fire, earth, air and water) and Adepts (which is split into many other disciplines, some more obscure than others, examples being Sensitives (similar to traditional psychics or mediums), Teleporters, Shape-shifters, Necromancers etc.).", "A Dance with Dragons __knowledge__ A Dance with Dragons is the fifth of seven planned novels in the epic fantasy series \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" by American author George R. R. Martin.", "A Dance with Dragons __knowledge__ In some areas the paperback edition was published in two parts titled \"Dreams and Dust\" and \"After the Feast\".", "A Dance with Dragons __knowledge__ It was the first novel in the series to be published following the commencement of the HBO series adaptation, \"Game of Thrones\", and runs to 1,040 pages.", "A Dance with Dragons __knowledge__ The US hardcover was officially published on July 12, 2011, and a few weeks later went to No.", "A Dance with Dragons __knowledge__ 1 on both \"Publishers Weekly\" and \"USA Today\" bestsellers lists.", "A Dance with Dragons __knowledge__ The novel has been adapted for television as the fifth season of \"Game of Thrones\", although elements of the book have also appeared in the series' third, fourth and sixth seasons.", "The Chronicles of Narnia __knowledge__ The Chronicles of Narnia is a series of seven fantasy novels by C. S. Lewis.", "The Chronicles of Narnia __knowledge__ It is considered a classic of children's literature and is the author's best-known work, having sold over 100 million copies in 47 languages.", "The Chronicles of Narnia __knowledge__ Written by Lewis, illustrated by Pauline Baynes, and originally published in London between 1950 and 1956, \"The Chronicles of Narnia\" has been adapted several times, complete or in part, for radio, television, the stage, and film.", "The Chronicles of Narnia __knowledge__ Set in the fictional realm of Narnia, a fantasy world of magic, mythical beasts, and talking animals, the series narrates the adventures of various children who play central roles in the unfolding history of that world." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is \"A Game of Thrones\".", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in the United Kingdom, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and the United States.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and its seventh season ended on August 27, 2017.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series will conclude with its eighth season premiering in 2019.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, \"Game of Thrones\" has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast but centers on three primary story arcs.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The first story arc centers on the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms and follows a web of alliances and conflicts among the dynastic noble families either vying to claim the throne or fighting for independence from the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The second story arc focuses on the last descendant of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty, exiled and plotting a return to the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The third story arc centers on the longstanding brotherhood charged with defending the realm against the ancient threats of the fierce peoples and legendary creatures that lie far north, and an impending winter that threatens the realm.", "The Best Damn Sports Show Period __knowledge__ The Best Damn Sports Show Period is an American sports television show that aired on Fox Sports Net and Comcast SportsNet.", "The Best Damn Sports Show Period __knowledge__ The show regularly featured irreverent and opinionated interviews with top athletes, coaches, celebrities, and entertainers.", "The Best Damn Sports Show Period __knowledge__ It also aired \"Top 50\" countdown shows and other sports specialty shows.", "The Best Damn Sports Show Period __knowledge__ Since its debut on July 23, 2001, \"BDSSP\" welcomed thousands of guests and aired more than 1,300 episodes.", "The Best Damn Sports Show Period __knowledge__ The last original show aired June 30, 2009; however, FSN will tape a handful of \"Top 50\" specials.", "The Best Damn Sports Show Period __knowledge__ The show aired weeknights at 9 p.m. and 11 p.m. local time, usually after \"FSN Final Score\", or later if there was a local live sporting event that ran longer than expected, depending on the region and telecast schedule.", "Damn (Kendrick Lamar album) __knowledge__ Damn (stylized as DAMN.)", "Damn (Kendrick Lamar album) __knowledge__ is the fourth studio album by American rapper Kendrick Lamar.", "Damn (Kendrick Lamar album) __knowledge__ It was released on April 14, 2017, by Top Dawg Entertainment, Aftermath Entertainment and Interscope Records.", "Damn (Kendrick Lamar album) __knowledge__ The album features production from a variety of record producers, including executive producer and Top Dawg Entertainment label-head Anthony \"Top Dawg\" Tiffith, Sounwave, DJ Dahi, Mike Will Made It and Ricci Riera; as well as further production contributions from James Blake, Steve Lacy, BadBadNotGood, Greg Kurstin, The Alchemist and 9th Wonder, among others.", "Damn (Kendrick Lamar album) __knowledge__ \"Damn\" received widespread critical acclaim and topped the charts in the United States and Canada while reaching number two in Australia, Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ The Best Damn Thing is the third studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ It was released on 17 April 2007 by RCA Records.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ The album represents a musical departure from her earlier studio album \"Under My Skin\" (2004) which incorporates more elements of post-grunge music.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ \"The Best Damn Thing\" is seen by critics as Lavigne's most commercial effort.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ The album was noted as her first effort to feature a wide range of producers for the studio album, including Matt Beckley, Rob Cavallo, Dr. Luke and Lavigne herself who was referenced as the executive producer.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ Upon its release, \"The Best Damn Thing\" received generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised her transition from grungey alternative rock music to more pop-punk music, with it being catchy and very radio-friendly.", "Ron Simmons __knowledge__ Ronald Simmons (born May 15, 1958) is an American retired professional wrestler and football player.", "Ron Simmons __knowledge__ He performed for World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) under his real name, and in the World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment (WWF/E) under both his real name and the ring names Faarooq Asaad (sometimes spelled Asad) and Faarooq (sometimes spelled Farooq).", "Ron Simmons __knowledge__ He is signed with WWE, working in their Legends program.", "Ron Simmons __knowledge__ In WCW, Simmons was a one-time WCW World Heavyweight Champion; as the first African American to win the title, he is recognized by WWE as the first black world champion in professional wrestling history.", "Jimmy McMillan __knowledge__ James McMillan III (born December 1, 1946) is an American political activist, perennial candidate, and Vietnam War veteran.", "Jimmy McMillan __knowledge__ McMillan is best known as the founder of the Rent Is Too Damn High Party, a New York-based political party.", "Jimmy McMillan __knowledge__ McMillan has run for office at least six times since 1993, most notably in the 2010 gubernatorial election.", "Jimmy McMillan __knowledge__ He declared in December 2010 that he would run in the 2012 U.S. presidential election as a Republican.", "Jimmy McMillan __knowledge__ He did not appear on the ballot in any state and suspended his campaign to return to the Rent Is Too Damn High Party and run for Mayor of New York City in the 2013 election.", "Grace Helbig __knowledge__ Grace Anne Helbig (born September 27, 1985) is an American television and YouTube personality.", "Grace Helbig __knowledge__ She is the creator and host of the YouTube channel \"it'sGrace\" as well as the podcast \"Not Too Deep with Grace Helbig\".", "Grace Helbig __knowledge__ Helbig created and hosted the 2008–2013 My Damn Channel web series \"DailyGrace\", was a correspondent on the G4 network tech series \"Attack of the Show!", "Grace Helbig __knowledge__ \", played Idol on the Fine Brothers' web series \"MyMusic\", appeared in a series of Lowe's television commercials, co-produced and starred in the feature films \"Camp Takota\", \"Electra Woman and Dyna Girl\" and \"Dirty 30\", authored two comedic handbooks for Millennials: \"Grace's Guide: The Art of Pretending to Be a Grown-up\" and \"Grace & Style: The Art of Pretending You Have It\", and created and hosted the 2015 comedy/talk show on the E!", "Damn Kids __knowledge__ Stéphane better known by his stage name Damn Kids, is a Canadian electronic music producer and performer based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.", "Damn Kids __knowledge__ Damn Kids produces a variety of genres that are mainly categorized under electronica, bass music, and trap.", "Damn Kids __knowledge__ Along with original productions, Damn Kids has also remixed artists such as Pleasurekraft, Mark Knight, and Green Velvet.", "Damn Kids __knowledge__ Since early 2012, Damn Kids has released several productions through labels such as Provoke, Trouble & Bass, Great Stuff Recordings, Toolroom Records, Eklektisch, and Oh!", "Damn Kids __knowledge__ My God It’s Techno Music.", "Damn Kids __knowledge__ Damn Kids music has also been featured on predominant BBC Radio 1 shows such as Skream & Benga, Diplo & Friends, & In New DJs We Trust.", "World of A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The fictional world in which the \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" novels by George R. R. Martin take place is divided into several continents, known collectively as The Known World.", "World of A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Most of the story takes place on the continent Westeros, in a large political entity known as the Seven Kingdoms.", "World of A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The \"Seven Kingdoms\" actually consist of nine regions (the North, the Iron Islands, the Riverlands, the Vale, the Westerlands, the Stormlands, the Reach, the Crownlands, and Dorne), and there is a largely unmapped area to the north, separated from the Seven Kingdoms by a massive wall of ice and old magic.", "World of A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The vast continent of Essos lies to the east of Westeros, across the Narrow Sea.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He began the first volume of the series, \"A Game of Thrones\", in 1991 and had it published in 1996.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Martin, who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy, has published five out of a planned seven volumes.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011, \"A Dance with Dragons\", took Martin six years to write.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He is still writing the sixth novel, \"The Winds of Winter\".", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" takes place on the fictional continents Westeros and Essos.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The point of view of each chapter in the story is a limited perspective of a range of characters growing from nine, in the first novel, to thirty-one by the fifth.", "Hank Monk __knowledge__ Hank Monk was a legendary stagecoach driver in the 19th century who drove a stage between Carson City, Nevada and Placerville, California in the 1870s.", "Hank Monk __knowledge__ He is mentioned in Chapter XX of Mark Twain's \"Roughing It\".", "Hank Monk __knowledge__ Henry James Monk, later called \"Hank,\" was born in Waddington, St Lawrence County, New York, on March 24, 1826.", "Hank Monk __knowledge__ He always had a great fancy for horses, and once drove eight horses abreast in Boston during a civic celebration.", "Hank Monk __knowledge__ Monk is believed to have started driving a stage at age 12 for William Clark in northern New York state between Ogdensburg and Fort Covington.", "Hank Monk __knowledge__ He went to California in 1852 and began to drive stage between Sacramento and Auburn for the California Stage Company, whose president was the young James E. Birch from Providence, Rhode Island.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters from the \"Forgotten Realms\" campaign setting for the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" fantasy role-playing game.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Most of these characters have appeared in the multiple series of novels set in the \"Forgotten Realms\".", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Many have some magical abilities.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Aballister Bonaduce is the nemesis of his son Cadderly Bonaduce, the main character of R.A. Salvatore's The Cleric Quintet.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Calculating, cold, and merciless, Aballister is determined to complete his conquest of the region.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Guided by the goddess Talona, Mistress of Poison, Aballister creates The Chaos Curse and unleashes it upon The Edificant Library, home of Cadderly and his friends.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ The \"Deltora\" series features a wide line of characters, both important and minor.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ The series also features many different monsters and creatures that appeared in all of the many different books.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ This article is a list of the many different characters and creatures that have appeared in the Deltora series.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ Lief was raised as a blacksmith's son in the run-down city of Del after the invasion.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ Hot-headed and impatient at the start of the series, all he wanted to do was go out and explore the city.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ On the night of his sixteenth birthday, he leaves on his father's quest to restore the Belt of Deltora, the only thing that can save their land and the heir from the tyranny of the Shadow Lord.", "Let's Wait Awhile __knowledge__ \"Let's Wait Awhile\" is a song by American singer Janet Jackson, released as the fifth single from her third studio album \"Control\" (1986).", "Let's Wait Awhile __knowledge__ It was written and produced by Jackson and Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, with Melanie Andrews also serving as co-writer.", "Let's Wait Awhile __knowledge__ It is also the first song Jackson co-produced.", "Let's Wait Awhile __knowledge__ Inspired by a conversation Melanie Andrews had with a childhood boyfriend, the song speaks of sexual abstinence and postponing intimacy within a relationship.", "Let's Wait Awhile __knowledge__ The song received generally favorable reviews from music critics, who praised the track's sweetness and Jackson's tender delivery.", "Let's Wait Awhile __knowledge__ It was also praised for its meaningful message, considered to be a teaching tool to encourage sexual abstinence amidst the AIDS crisis at the time.", "A Dance with Dragons __knowledge__ A Dance with Dragons is the fifth of seven planned novels in the epic fantasy series \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" by American author George R. R. Martin.", "A Dance with Dragons __knowledge__ In some areas the paperback edition was published in two parts titled \"Dreams and Dust\" and \"After the Feast\".", "A Dance with Dragons __knowledge__ It was the first novel in the series to be published following the commencement of the HBO series adaptation, \"Game of Thrones\", and runs to 1,040 pages.", "A Dance with Dragons __knowledge__ The US hardcover was officially published on July 12, 2011, and a few weeks later went to No.", "A Dance with Dragons __knowledge__ 1 on both \"Publishers Weekly\" and \"USA Today\" bestsellers lists.", "A Dance with Dragons __knowledge__ The novel has been adapted for television as the fifth season of \"Game of Thrones\", although elements of the book have also appeared in the series' third, fourth and sixth seasons." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is \"A Game of Thrones\".", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in the United Kingdom, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and the United States.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and its seventh season ended on August 27, 2017.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series will conclude with its eighth season premiering in 2019.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, \"Game of Thrones\" has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast but centers on three primary story arcs.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The first story arc centers on the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms and follows a web of alliances and conflicts among the dynastic noble families either vying to claim the throne or fighting for independence from the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The second story arc focuses on the last descendant of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty, exiled and plotting a return to the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The third story arc centers on the longstanding brotherhood charged with defending the realm against the ancient threats of the fierce peoples and legendary creatures that lie far north, and an impending winter that threatens the realm.", "Hound Dog (song) __knowledge__ \"Hound Dog\" is a twelve-bar blues song written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller.", "Hound Dog (song) __knowledge__ Recorded originally by Willie Mae \"Big Mama\" Thornton on August 13, 1952, in Los Angeles and released by Peacock Records in late February 1953, \"Hound Dog\" was Thornton's only hit record, selling over 500,000 copies, spending 14 weeks in the R&B charts, including seven weeks at number one.", "Hound Dog (song) __knowledge__ Thornton's recording of \"Hound Dog\" is listed as one of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's \"500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll\", and was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in February 2013.", "Hound Dog (song) __knowledge__ \"Hound Dog\" has been recorded more than 250 times.", "Joseph Conrad's career at sea __knowledge__ Joseph Conrad (born Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski; Berdychiv, Ukraine, 3 December 1857  – 3 August 1924, Bishopsbourne, Kent, England) was a Polish author who wrote in English after settling in England.", "Joseph Conrad's career at sea __knowledge__ He is regarded as one of the greatest writers in English, though he did not speak the language fluently until he was in his twenties, and always with a marked Polish accent.", "Joseph Conrad's career at sea __knowledge__ Before embarking on his writing career, he had a career sailing in the French, then the British merchant marine; of his 19-year merchant-marine career, only about half that time was spent actually at sea.", "Joseph Conrad's career at sea __knowledge__ Conrad wrote stories and novels, often with a nautical setting, that depict trials of the human spirit in the midst of an indifferent universe.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Charles Rangel __knowledge__ Charles Bernard Rangel (; born June 11, 1930) is an American politician who was a U.S. Representative for districts in New York from 1971 to 2017.", "Charles Rangel __knowledge__ A member of the Democratic Party, he was the second-longest serving incumbent member of the House of Representatives at the time of his retirement, serving continuously since 1971.", "Charles Rangel __knowledge__ As its most senior member, he was also the Dean of New York's congressional delegation.", "Charles Rangel __knowledge__ Rangel was the first African-American Chair of the influential House Ways and Means Committee.", "Charles Rangel __knowledge__ He is also a founding member of the Congressional Black Caucus.", "Charles Rangel __knowledge__ Rangel was born in Harlem in Upper Manhattan and lives there to this day.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "History of Australia __knowledge__ The history of Australia refers to the history of the area and people of the Commonwealth of Australia and its preceding Indigenous and colonial societies.", "History of Australia __knowledge__ Aboriginal Australians arrived on the Australian mainland by sea from Maritime Southeast Asia between 40,000 and 70,000 years ago.", "History of Australia __knowledge__ The artistic, musical and spiritual traditions they established are among the longest surviving such traditions in human history.", "History of Australia __knowledge__ The first known landing in Australia by Europeans was by Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606.", "History of Australia __knowledge__ Twenty-nine other Dutch navigators explored the western and southern coasts in the 17th century, and dubbed the continent New Holland.", "Prisons in Ukraine __knowledge__ Prisons in Ukraine are regulated by the State Penitentiary Service of Ukraine, a part of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine.", "Prisons in Ukraine __knowledge__ There are 32 preliminary prisons, 131 penitentiary establishments for adults and 8 colonies for minor criminals in Ukraine.", "Prisons in Ukraine __knowledge__ According to Amnesty International, torture and ill-treatment by the police is widespread in Ukrainian prisons.", "Prisons in Ukraine __knowledge__ Several police officers have been arrested for allegedly torturing detainees.", "Prisons in Ukraine __knowledge__ The War in Donbass, that started in the spring of 2014, significantly worsened the lives of inmates in the conflict zone.", "Prisons in Ukraine __knowledge__ In early 2010, there were over 147,000 people in prison and more than 38,000 in pre-trial detention facilities in Ukraine, a total three times that of Western European countries, and half as much as in the United States.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ This list of ecoregions of North America provides an overview of North American ecoregions designated by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) in its North American Environmental Atlas.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ It should not be confused with Wikipedia articles based on the classification system developed by the World Wildlife Fund, such as List of ecoregions (WWF) and Lists of ecoregions by country.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ The commission was established in 1994 by the member states of Canada, Mexico, and the United States to address regional environmental concerns under the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), the environmental side accord to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He began the first volume of the series, \"A Game of Thrones\", in 1991 and had it published in 1996.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Martin, who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy, has published five out of a planned seven volumes.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011, \"A Dance with Dragons\", took Martin six years to write.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He is still writing the sixth novel, \"The Winds of Winter\".", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" takes place on the fictional continents Westeros and Essos.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The point of view of each chapter in the story is a limited perspective of a range of characters growing from nine, in the first novel, to thirty-one by the fifth.", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ General Sir Hubert de la Poer Gough (12 August 1870 – 18 March 1963) was a senior officer in the British Army in the First World War.", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ A favourite of the British Commander-in-Chief, Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, he experienced a meteoric rise through the ranks during the war and commanded the British Fifth Army from 1916 to 1918.", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ The name of Gough probably derives from the Welsh word \"coch\", meaning \"red\".", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ Before leaving England Gough's ancestors were clerics and clerks in Wiltshire, and the family settled in Ireland in the early 17th century, not as planters but in clerical positions.", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ By the nineteenth century they were an Anglo-Irish family of the landed gentry settled at Gurteen, County Waterford, Ireland.", "H. H. Asquith __knowledge__ Herbert Henry Asquith, 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith, (12 September 1852 – 15 February 1928), generally known as H. H. Asquith, was a British statesman of the Liberal Party who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1908 to 1916.", "H. H. Asquith __knowledge__ He was the last Prime Minister to lead a majority Liberal government and played a central role in the design and passage of major liberal legislation.", "H. H. Asquith __knowledge__ In August 1914, Asquith took the United Kingdom into the First World War, but resigned amid political conflict in December 1916 and was succeeded by his War Secretary, David Lloyd George.", "H. H. Asquith __knowledge__ Asquith's father owned a small business but died when Asquith was seven." ] ]

[ 2, 53, 52, 54, 62 ]

[ "I love Game of Thrones! I read the whole \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series by George R.R. Martin. The books are definitely better than the show.", "They are superb! There's supposed to be seven books in the series. The fourth book, \"A Feast for Crows\", is my favorite.", "There are five books so far. The fifth, \"A Dance with Dragons\", was published in 2011. So, quite awhile ago.", "He's currently writing the sixth, \"The Winds of Winter\". He is well known to be a notoriously slow writer and is a harsh critic of his own work...which may explain the delay, much to the dismay of fans.", "I know!!! It's even crazier that he began to write the first book, \"A Game of Thrones\", in 1991 and published it in 1996. He's a very slow writer, but I definitely think it is always worth the wait." ]

[ "Game of Thrones", "Game of Thrones", "Game of Thrones", "Game of Thrones", "Game of Thrones" ]

[ "Blue", "I personally like green but I think it varies based on my mood.", "what does that mean? ", "Ah, that is interesting. Is it because some colors are associated with certain emotions - such as blue and sadness", "Do you like to paint?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "List of Green Lanterns __knowledge__ The Green Lantern Corps that appear in fictional stories published by DC Comics has at least 7200 members, two per sector (originally 3600 with one per sector), in addition to assorted other members who fulfill roles other than patrolling.", "List of Green Lanterns __knowledge__ Although seven characters—Alan Scott, Hal Jordan, Guy Gardner, John Stewart, Simon Baz, Kyle Rayner, and Jessica Cruz—are primarily associated with the name, a number of other members of the Corps have appeared in DC's comics.", "List of Green Lanterns __knowledge__ These seven characters are most closely associated with the \"Green Lantern\" name, and have been the title characters of \"Green Lantern\" comics.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Some people have no symptoms whereas others develop yellow discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes, poor appetite, vomiting, tiredness, abdominal pain, or diarrhea.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Hepatitis may be temporary (acute) or long term (chronic) depending on whether it lasts for less than or more than six months.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Acute hepatitis can sometimes resolve on its own, progress to chronic hepatitis, or rarely result in acute liver failure.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Over time the chronic form may progress to scarring of the liver, liver failure, or liver cancer.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ The most common cause worldwide is viruses.", "Grammatical mood __knowledge__ In linguistics, grammatical mood (also mode) is a grammatical feature of verbs, used for signaling modality.", "Grammatical mood __knowledge__ That is, it is the use of verbal inflections that allow speakers to express their attitude toward what they are saying (e.g.", "Grammatical mood __knowledge__ a statement of fact, of desire, of command, etc.).", "Grammatical mood __knowledge__ The term is also used more broadly to describe the syntactic expression of modality, that is, the use of verb phrases that do not involve inflexion of the verb itself.", "Grammatical mood __knowledge__ Mood is distinct from grammatical tense or grammatical aspect, although the same word patterns are used for expressing more than one of these meanings at the same time in many languages, including English and most other modern Indo-European languages.", "Spider-Man's powers and equipment __knowledge__ The fictional Marvel Comics superhero Spider-Man, who debuted in 1962, is well known for his unique superhuman abilities as depicted in the comics and other media.", "Spider-Man's powers and equipment __knowledge__ He receives most of his powers when he is bitten by a radioactive common house spider.", "Spider-Man's powers and equipment __knowledge__ He uses his technical skill to develop equipment and weapons to complement his powers, and wears a number of costumes, many of which have special properties.", "Spider-Man's powers and equipment __knowledge__ When Peter Parker was bitten by an irradiated spider, radioactive mutagenic enzymes in the spider's venom quickly caused numerous body-wide changes.", "Spider-Man's powers and equipment __knowledge__ Immediately after the bite, he was granted his original powers: primarily superhuman strength, reflexes, and balance; the ability to cling tenaciously to most surfaces; and a subconscious ability to sense everything in his surroundings, which he called a \"spider-sense\".", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appear in \"\".", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are listed in alphabetical order.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Most characters are seen in their classic appearance (Catwoman, Green Arrow), while others (Blue Beetle) have their current costume.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Some have even been re-imagined for the show (the Outsiders).", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are described below using in-universe tone.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ 'Mazing Man is a short man who dresses up as a superhero.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ In the \"Kitty Catastrophe\" segment of \"Four Star Spectacular\", he is the accident-prone catsitter for a couple named Owen and Fiona.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ It is apparent that Batman is his favorite superhero and the inspiration for his costume.", "Schizoaffective disorder __knowledge__ Schizoaffective disorder (SZA, SZD or SAD) is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal thought processes and deregulated emotions.", "Schizoaffective disorder __knowledge__ The diagnosis is made when the person has features of both schizophrenia and a mood disorder—either bipolar disorder or depression—but does not strictly meet diagnostic criteria for either alone.", "Schizoaffective disorder __knowledge__ The bipolar type is distinguished by symptoms of mania, hypomania, or mixed episode; the depressive type by symptoms of depression only.", "Schizoaffective disorder __knowledge__ Common symptoms of the disorder include hallucinations, paranoid delusions, and disorganized speech and thinking.", "Schizoaffective disorder __knowledge__ The onset of symptoms usually begins in young adulthood, currently with an uncertain lifetime prevalence because the disorder was redefined, but DSM-IV prevalence estimates have been less than one percent of the population, in the range of 0.5 to 0.8 percent.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Well-being is a much-studied topic in psychology, especially positive psychology.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Related concepts are eudaimonia, happiness, flourishing, quality of life, contentment, and meaningful life.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Central theories are Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being, Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being, Corey Keyes' work on flourishing, and Seligmann's contributions to positive psychology and his theories on \"authentic happiness\" and P.E.R.M.A.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Positive psychology is concerned with eudaimonia, \"the good life\" or flourishing, living according to what holds the greatest value in life – the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color psychology is the study of hues as a determinant of human behavior.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color influences perceptions that are not obvious, such as the taste of food.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colours can also enhance the effectiveness of placebos.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For example, red or orange pills are generally used as stimulants.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colour can indeed influence a person; however, it is important to remember that these effects differ between people.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Factors such as gender, age, and culture can influence how an individual perceives color.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For instance, heterosexual men tend to report that red outfits enhance female attractiveness, while heterosexual females deny any outfit color impacting that of men.", "Color mixing __knowledge__ There are two types of color mixing: \"Additive\" and \"Subtractive\".", "Color mixing __knowledge__ In both cases, there are three primary colors, three secondary colors (colors made from 2 of the three primary colors in equal amounts), and one tertiary color made from all three primary colors.", "Color mixing __knowledge__ This point is a common source of confusion, as there are different sets of primary colors depending on whether you are working with additive or subtractive mixing.", "Color mixing __knowledge__ The additive mixing of colors is unintuitive as it does not correspond to the mixing of physical substances (such as paint) which would correspond to subtractive mixing.", "Color mixing __knowledge__ For instance, one can additively mix yellow and blue by shining yellow light together with blue light, which will result in not green but a white light.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ Complementary colors are pairs of colors which, when combined, cancel each other out.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ This means that when combined, they produce a gray-scale color like white or black.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ When placed next to each other, they create the strongest contrast for those particular two colors.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ Due to this striking color clash, the term opposite colors is often considered more appropriate than \"complementary colors\".", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ Which pairs of colors are considered complementary depends on the color theory one uses: On the traditional color wheel developed in the 18th century, used by Claude Monet and Vincent van Gogh and other painters, and still used by many artists today, the primary colors were considered to be red, yellow, and blue, and the primary–secondary complementary pairs are red–green (Christmas), blue-orange (Westwood), and yellow–purple (Mesa High).", "Color theory __knowledge__ In the visual arts, color theory or colour theory is a body of practical guidance to color mixing and the visual effects of a specific color combination.", "Color theory __knowledge__ There are also definitions (or categories) of colors based on the color wheel: primary color, secondary color and tertiary color.", "Color theory __knowledge__ Although color theory principles first appeared in the writings of Leone Battista Alberti (c.1435) and the notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci (c.1490), a tradition of \"colory theory\" began in the 18th century, initially within a partisan controversy over Isaac Newton's theory of color (\"Opticks\", 1704) and the nature of primary colors.", "Primary color __knowledge__ A set of primary colors is, most tangibly, a set of \"real\" physical pigmented media or colored lights that can be combined in varying amounts to produce a \"gamut\" of colors.", "Primary color __knowledge__ This is the essential method used in applications that are intended to elicit the perception of diverse sets of color, e.g.", "Primary color __knowledge__ electronic displays, color printing, and paintings.", "Primary color __knowledge__ Perceptions associated with a given combination of primary colors are predicted by applying the appropriate mixing model (additive, subtractive, additive averaging etc.)", "Primary color __knowledge__ that embodies the underlying physics of how light interacts with the media and ultimately the retina.", "Yellow __knowledge__ Yellow is the color between green and orange on the spectrum of visible light.", "Yellow __knowledge__ It is evoked by light with a dominant wavelength of roughly 570590 nm.", "Yellow __knowledge__ It is a primary color in subtractive color systems, used in painting or color printing.", "Yellow __knowledge__ In the RGB color model, used to create colors on television and computer screens, yellow is a secondary color made by combining red and green at equal intensity.", "Yellow __knowledge__ Carotenoids give the characteristic yellow color to autumn leaves, corn, canaries, daffodils, and lemons, as well as egg yolks, buttercups, and bananas.", "Yellow __knowledge__ They absorb light energy and protect plants from photodamage.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The RGB color model is an additive color model in which red, green and blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The name of the model comes from the initials of the three additive primary colors, red, green, and blue.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The main purpose of the RGB color model is for the sensing, representation and display of images in electronic systems, such as televisions and computers, though it has also been used in conventional photography.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ Before the electronic age, the RGB color model already had a solid theory behind it, based in human perception of colors.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ RGB is a \"device-dependent\" color model: different devices detect or reproduce a given RGB value differently, since the color elements (such as phosphors or dyes) and their response to the individual R, G, and B levels vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, or even in the same device over time." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Beta distribution __knowledge__ In probability theory and statistics, the beta distribution is a family of continuous probability distributions defined on the interval [0, 1] parametrized by two positive shape parameters, denoted by \"α\" and \"β\", that appear as exponents of the random variable and control the shape of the distribution.", "Beta distribution __knowledge__ The beta distribution has been applied to model the behavior of random variables limited to intervals of finite length in a wide variety of disciplines.", "Beta distribution __knowledge__ In Bayesian inference, the beta distribution is the conjugate prior probability distribution for the Bernoulli, binomial, negative binomial and geometric distributions.", "Harmonic mean __knowledge__ In mathematics, the harmonic mean (sometimes called the subcontrary mean) is one of several kinds of average, and in particular one of the Pythagorean means.", "Harmonic mean __knowledge__ Typically, it is appropriate for situations when the average of rates is desired.", "Harmonic mean __knowledge__ The harmonic mean can be expressed as the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals of the given set of observations.", "Harmonic mean __knowledge__ As a simple example, the harmonic mean of 1, 4, and 4 is formula_1 The harmonic mean \"H\" of the positive real numbers formula_2 is defined to be The third formula in the above equation expresses the harmonic mean as the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals.", "Geometric mean __knowledge__ In mathematics, the geometric mean is a type of mean or average, which indicates the central tendency or typical value of a set of numbers by using the product of their values (as opposed to the arithmetic mean which uses their sum).", "Geometric mean __knowledge__ The geometric mean is defined as the th root of the product of numbers, i.e., for a set of numbers , the geometric mean is defined as For instance, the geometric mean of two numbers, say 2 and 8, is just the square root of their product, that is, formula_2.", "Geometric mean __knowledge__ As another example, the geometric mean of the three numbers 4, 1, and 1/32 is the cube root of their product (1/8), which is 1/2, that is, formula_3.", "Regression toward the mean __knowledge__ In statistics, regression toward (or to) the mean is the phenomenon that if a variable is extreme on its first measurement, it will tend to be closer to the average on its second measurement—and if it is extreme on its second measurement, it will tend to have been closer to the average on its first.", "Regression toward the mean __knowledge__ To avoid making incorrect inferences, regression toward the mean must be considered when designing scientific experiments and interpreting data.", "Regression toward the mean __knowledge__ The conditions under which regression toward the mean occurs depend on the way the term is mathematically defined.", "Regression toward the mean __knowledge__ Sir Francis Galton first observed the phenomenon in the context of simple linear regression of data points.", "Taylor's law __knowledge__ Taylor's law (also known as Taylor's power law) is an empirical law in ecology that relates the variance of the number of individuals of a species per unit area of habitat to the corresponding mean by a power law relationship.", "Taylor's law __knowledge__ It is named after the ecologist who first proposed it in 1961, Lionel Roy Taylor (1924–2007).", "Taylor's law __knowledge__ Taylor's original name for this relationship was the law of the mean.", "Taylor's law __knowledge__ This law was originally defined for ecological systems, specifically to assess the spatial clustering of organisms.", "Taylor's law __knowledge__ For a population count \"Y\" with mean \"µ\" and variance var(\"Y\"), Taylor’s law is written, where \"a\" and \"b\" are both positive constants.", "Mean __knowledge__ In mathematics, mean has several different definitions depending on the context.", "Mean __knowledge__ In probability and statistics, population mean and expected value are used synonymously to refer to one measure of the central tendency either of a probability distribution or of the random variable characterized by that distribution.", "Mean __knowledge__ In the case of a discrete probability distribution of a random variable \"X\", the mean is equal to the sum over every possible value weighted by the probability of that value; that is, it is computed by taking the product of each possible value \"x\" of \"X\" and its probability P(\"x\"), and then adding all these products together, giving formula_1.", "Normal distribution __knowledge__ \\, e^{-\\frac{(x - \\mu)^2}{2 \\sigma^2}} In probability theory, the normal (or Gaussian) distribution is a very common continuous probability distribution.", "Normal distribution __knowledge__ Normal distributions are important in statistics and are often used in the natural and social sciences to represent real-valued random variables whose distributions are not known.", "Normal distribution __knowledge__ A random variable with a Gaussian distribution is said to be normally distributed and is called a normal deviate.", "Normal distribution __knowledge__ The normal distribution is useful because of the central limit theorem.", "Normal distribution __knowledge__ In its most general form, under some conditions (which include finite variance), it states that averages of samples of observations of random variables independently drawn from independent distributions converge in distribution to the normal, that is, become normally distributed when the number of observations is sufficiently large.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color psychology is the study of hues as a determinant of human behavior.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color influences perceptions that are not obvious, such as the taste of food.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colours can also enhance the effectiveness of placebos.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For example, red or orange pills are generally used as stimulants.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colour can indeed influence a person; however, it is important to remember that these effects differ between people.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Factors such as gender, age, and culture can influence how an individual perceives color.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For instance, heterosexual men tend to report that red outfits enhance female attractiveness, while heterosexual females deny any outfit color impacting that of men.", "Color theory __knowledge__ In the visual arts, color theory or colour theory is a body of practical guidance to color mixing and the visual effects of a specific color combination.", "Color theory __knowledge__ There are also definitions (or categories) of colors based on the color wheel: primary color, secondary color and tertiary color.", "Color theory __knowledge__ Although color theory principles first appeared in the writings of Leone Battista Alberti (c.1435) and the notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci (c.1490), a tradition of \"colory theory\" began in the 18th century, initially within a partisan controversy over Isaac Newton's theory of color (\"Opticks\", 1704) and the nature of primary colors.", "Color analysis (art) __knowledge__ In the cosmetics and fashion industry, color analysis, also called skin tone color matching, personal color or seasonal color, is the process of finding colors of clothing and makeup to match a person's skin complexion, eye color, and hair color.", "Color analysis (art) __knowledge__ The goal is to determine the colors that best suit an individual's natural coloring and the result is often used as an aid to wardrobe planning and style consulting.", "Color analysis (art) __knowledge__ Color analysis was most popular in the early 1980s.", "Color analysis (art) __knowledge__ There are a wide variety of approaches to analyzing personal coloring.", "Color analysis (art) __knowledge__ The most well-known is \"seasonal\" color analysis, which places individual coloring into four general categories: Winter, Spring, Summer and Autumn.", "Index of psychology articles __knowledge__ Psychology (from psykhē \"breath, spirit, soul\"; and , \"-logia\" \"study of\") is an academic and applied discipline involving the scientific study of human mental functions and behavior.", "Index of psychology articles __knowledge__ Occasionally, in addition or opposition to employing the scientific method, it also relies on symbolic interpretation and critical analysis, although these traditions have tended to be less pronounced than in other social sciences, such as sociology.", "Index of psychology articles __knowledge__ Psychologists study phenomena such as perception, cognition, emotion, personality, behavior, and interpersonal relationships.", "Index of psychology articles __knowledge__ Some, especially depth psychologists, also study the unconscious mind.", "Determinant __knowledge__ In linear algebra, the determinant is a useful value that can be computed from the elements of a square matrix.", "Determinant __knowledge__ The determinant of a matrix is denoted , , or .", "Determinant __knowledge__ It can be viewed as the scaling factor of the transformation described by the matrix.", "Determinant __knowledge__ In the case of a matrix the specific formula for the determinant is: Similarly, suppose we have a 3 × 3 matrix \"A\", and we want the specific formula for its determinant : Each determinant of a matrix in this equation is called a \"minor\" of the matrix .", "Determinant __knowledge__ The same sort of procedure can be used to find the determinant of a matrix, the determinant of a matrix, and so forth.", "Psychology __knowledge__ Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, including conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as thought.", "Psychology __knowledge__ It is an academic discipline of immense scope and diverse interests that, when taken together, seek an understanding of the emergent properties of brains, and all the variety of epiphenomena they manifest.", "Psychology __knowledge__ As a social science it aims to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles and researching specific cases.", "Psychology __knowledge__ In this field, a professional or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social, behavioral, or cognitive scientist.", "Psychology __knowledge__ Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors.", "Harald Braem __knowledge__ Harald Braem \"alias\" Wolfram vom Stein (born July 23, 1944 in Berlin) is a German writer, designer and professor who specializes in color psychology.", "Harald Braem __knowledge__ Mr. Braem spent his childhood in Allendorf, Westerwald.", "Harald Braem __knowledge__ He attended primary and secondary school in Hildesheim and later studied graphic design in Hildesheim and Hannover.", "Harald Braem __knowledge__ He has worked as a teacher, carried out comparative cultural investigations about matters related to archaeology and ancient history in the Canary Islands and the Egyptian pyramids, as well as conducted research pertaining to shamanism and cave painting.", "Harald Braem __knowledge__ Harald Braem spent his childhood in Allendorf, located in the Westerwald." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Emotion __knowledge__ Emotion is any conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a certain degree of pleasure or displeasure.", "Emotion __knowledge__ Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition.", "Emotion __knowledge__ Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality, disposition, and motivation.", "Emotion __knowledge__ In some theories, cognition is an important aspect of emotion.", "Emotion __knowledge__ Those acting primarily on the emotions they are feeling may seem as if they are not thinking, but mental processes are still essential, particularly in the interpretation of events.", "Emotion __knowledge__ For example, the realization of our believing that we are in a dangerous situation and the subsequent arousal of our body's nervous system (rapid heartbeat and breathing, sweating, muscle tension) is integral to the experience of our feeling afraid.", "Emotion perception __knowledge__ Emotion perception refers to the capacities and abilities of recognizing and identifying emotions in others, in addition to biological and physiological processes involved.", "Emotion perception __knowledge__ Emotions are typically viewed as having three components: subjective experience, physical changes, and cognitive appraisal; emotion perception is the ability to make accurate decisions about another's subjective experience by interpreting their physical changes through sensory systems responsible for converting these observed changes into mental representations.", "Emotion perception __knowledge__ The ability to perceive emotion is believed to be both innate and subject to environmental influence and is also a critical component in social interactions.", "Music and emotion __knowledge__ The study of music and emotion seeks to understand the psychological relationship between human affect and music.", "Music and emotion __knowledge__ It is a branch of music psychology with numerous areas of study, including the nature of emotional reactions to music, how characteristics of the listener may determine which emotions are felt, and which components of a musical composition or performance may elicit certain reactions.", "Music and emotion __knowledge__ The field draws upon and has significant implications for such areas as philosophy, musicology, music theory and aesthetics, as well the acts of musical composition and performance.", "Music and emotion __knowledge__ Two of the most influential philosophers in the aesthetics of music are Stephen Davies and Jerrold Levinson.", "Gender and emotional expression __knowledge__ It can be tempting to generalize when considering the differences between men, women, and the various ways in which they express their emotions; men and women from various cultures have been shown to accept the stereotype that women are more emotional than men.", "Gender and emotional expression __knowledge__ Typically, this perspective on men is only held in cases of discrete emotions and their corresponding expressions such as happiness, fear, disgust, or sadness.", "Gender and emotional expression __knowledge__ When men experience pride or anger, however, most people are much less likely to assume this stereotype.", "Gender and emotional expression __knowledge__ Leaving gender stereotypes unchallenged would have various potential consequences.", "Affective neuroscience __knowledge__ Affective neuroscience is the study of the neural mechanisms of emotion.", "Affective neuroscience __knowledge__ This interdisciplinary field combines neuroscience with the psychological study of personality, emotion, and mood.", "Affective neuroscience __knowledge__ The existence of so-called 'basic emotions' and their defining attributes represents a long lasting and yet unsettled issue in psychology.", "Affective neuroscience __knowledge__ Emotions are thought to be related to activity in brain areas that direct our attention, motivate our behavior, and determine the significance of what is going on around us.", "Affective neuroscience __knowledge__ Pioneering work by Paul Broca (1878), James Papez (1937), and Paul D. MacLean (1952) suggested that emotion is related to a group of structures in the center of the brain called the limbic system, which includes the hypothalamus, cingulate cortex, hippocampi, and other structures.", "Meta-emotion __knowledge__ Meta-emotion is \"an organized and structured set of emotions and cognitions about the emotions, both one's own emotions and the emotions of others\".", "Meta-emotion __knowledge__ This broad definition of meta-emotion sparked psychologists' interest in the topic, particularly regarding parental meta-emotion philosophy.", "Meta-emotion __knowledge__ Meta-emotion refers to the idea that whenever we elicit a certain emotion, we also deal with subsequent emotions regarding how we experienced the primary emotion.", "Meta-emotion __knowledge__ While some psychologists have examined the influence of meta-emotions on how individuals interpret and deal with their own and others' emotions, much of the literature regarding meta-emotion has focused on how parental meta-emotion impacts the social-emotional development of their children.", "Inside Out (2015 film) __knowledge__ Inside Out is a 2015 American 3D computer-animated comedy-drama film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Inside Out (2015 film) __knowledge__ The film was directed by Pete Docter and co-directed by Ronnie del Carmen, with a screenplay written by Docter, Meg LeFauve and Josh Cooley, adapted from a story by Docter and del Carmen.", "Inside Out (2015 film) __knowledge__ The film is set in the mind of a young girl named Riley Andersen (Kaitlyn Dias), where five personified emotions—Joy (Amy Poehler), Sadness (Phyllis Smith), Anger (Lewis Black), Fear (Bill Hader) and Disgust (Mindy Kaling)—try to lead her through life as her parents (Diane Lane and Kyle MacLachlan) move from Minnesota to San Francisco, and she has to adjust to her new surroundings.", "Placebo __knowledge__ A placebo ( ; Latin \"placēbō\", \"I shall please\" from \"placeō\", \"I please\") is a substance or treatment with no active therapeutic effect.", "Placebo __knowledge__ A placebo may be given to a person in order to deceive the recipient into thinking that it is an active treatment.", "Placebo __knowledge__ In drug testing and medical research, a placebo can be made to resemble an active medication or therapy so that it functions as a control; this is to prevent the recipient(s) and/or others from knowing (with their consent) whether a treatment is active or inactive, as expectations about efficacy can influence results.", "Placebo __knowledge__ This psychological phenomenon, in which the recipient perceives an improvement in condition due to personal expectations, rather than the treatment itself, is known as the placebo effect or placebo response.", "Psychology __knowledge__ Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, including conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as thought.", "Psychology __knowledge__ It is an academic discipline of immense scope and diverse interests that, when taken together, seek an understanding of the emergent properties of brains, and all the variety of epiphenomena they manifest.", "Psychology __knowledge__ As a social science it aims to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles and researching specific cases.", "Psychology __knowledge__ In this field, a professional or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social, behavioral, or cognitive scientist.", "Psychology __knowledge__ Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors.", "Alternative medicine __knowledge__ Alternative medicine or fringe medicine consists of practices claimed to have the healing effects of medicine but which are disproven, unproven, impossible to prove, or are excessively harmful in relation to their effect; and where the scientific consensus is that the therapy does not, or cannot, work because the known laws of nature are violated by its basic claims; or where it is considered so much worse than conventional treatment that it would be unethical to offer as treatment.", "Alternative medicine __knowledge__ Alternative therapies or diagnoses are not part of medicine or science-based healthcare systems.", "Alternative medicine __knowledge__ Alternative medicine consists of a wide variety of practices, products, and therapies – ranging from those that are biologically plausible but not well tested, to those with known harmful and toxic effects.", "Robert Langs __knowledge__ Robert Joseph Langs (June 30, 1928 – November 8, 2014) was a psychiatrist, psychotherapist and psychoanalyist, the author, co-author, and editor of more than forty books on psychotherapy and human psychology.", "Robert Langs __knowledge__ Over the course of more than fifty years, Langs developed a revised version of psychoanalytic psychotherapy, currently known as the “adaptive paradigm”.", "Robert Langs __knowledge__ This is a distinctive model of the mind, and particularly of the mind’s unconscious component, significantly different from other forms of psychoanalytic and psychodynamic psychotherapy.", "Robert Langs __knowledge__ Langs treated psychoanalysis as a biological science, subject to the laws of evolution and adaptation.", "Placebo-controlled study __knowledge__ Placebo-controlled studies are a way of testing a medical therapy in which, in addition to a group of subjects that receives the treatment to be evaluated, a separate control group receives a sham \"placebo\" treatment which is specifically designed to have no real effect.", "Placebo-controlled study __knowledge__ Placebos are most commonly used in blinded trials, where subjects do not know whether they are receiving real or placebo treatment.", "Placebo-controlled study __knowledge__ Often, there is also a further \"natural history\" group that does not receive any treatment at all.", "Placebo-controlled study __knowledge__ The purpose of the placebo group is to account for the placebo effect, that is, effects from treatment that do not depend on the treatment itself.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color psychology is the study of hues as a determinant of human behavior.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color influences perceptions that are not obvious, such as the taste of food.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colours can also enhance the effectiveness of placebos.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For example, red or orange pills are generally used as stimulants.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colour can indeed influence a person; however, it is important to remember that these effects differ between people.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Factors such as gender, age, and culture can influence how an individual perceives color.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For instance, heterosexual men tend to report that red outfits enhance female attractiveness, while heterosexual females deny any outfit color impacting that of men.", "Acupuncture __knowledge__ Acupuncture is a form of alternative medicine in which thin needles are inserted into the body.", "Acupuncture __knowledge__ It is a key component of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).", "Acupuncture __knowledge__ TCM theory and practice are not based upon scientific knowledge, and acupuncture is a pseudoscience.", "Acupuncture __knowledge__ There is a diverse range of acupuncture theories based on different philosophies, and techniques vary depending on the country.", "Acupuncture __knowledge__ The method used in TCM is likely the most widespread in the United States.", "Acupuncture __knowledge__ It is most often used for pain relief, though it is also used for a wide range of other conditions.", "Acupuncture __knowledge__ Acupuncture is generally used only in combination with other forms of treatment." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Paint recycling __knowledge__ Paint is a recyclable item.", "Paint recycling __knowledge__ Latex paint is collected at collection facilities in many countries and shipped to paint-recycling facilities.", "Paint recycling __knowledge__ There are many ways that paint can be recycled.", "Paint recycling __knowledge__ Most often, the highest quality of latex paint is sorted out and turned back into recycled paint that can be used.", "Paint recycling __knowledge__ Recycled paint is environmentally preferable to new paint, while still maintaining comparable quality.", "Paint recycling __knowledge__ In many cases, reusable paints of the same color are pumped into a tank where the material is mixed and tested.", "Paint recycling __knowledge__ The paint is adjusted with additives and colorants as necessary.", "Paint recycling __knowledge__ Finally, the paint is fine filtered and packaged for sale.", "Paint __knowledge__ Paint is any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition that, after application to a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film.", "Paint __knowledge__ It is most commonly used to protect, color, or provide texture to objects.", "Paint __knowledge__ Paint can be made or purchased in many colors—and in many different types, such as watercolor, synthetic, etc.", "Paint __knowledge__ Paint is typically stored, sold, and applied as a liquid, but most types dry into a solid.", "Paint __knowledge__ In 2001 and 2004, South African archeologists reported finds in Blombos Cave of a 100,000-year-old human-made ochre-based mixture that could have been used like paint.", "Paint __knowledge__ Further excavation in the same cave resulted in the 2011 report of a complete toolkit for grinding pigments and making a primitive paint-like substance.", "Conservation and restoration of paintings __knowledge__ The conservation and restoration of paintings is carried out by professional painting conservators.", "Conservation and restoration of paintings __knowledge__ Paintings cover a wide range of various mediums, materials, and their supports (i.e.- The painted surface made from fabric, paper, wood panel, fabricated board, or other).", "Conservation and restoration of paintings __knowledge__ Painting types include fine art to decorative and functional objects spanning from acrylics, frescoes, and oil paint on various surfaces, egg tempera on panels and canvas, lacquer painting, water color and more.", "Conservation and restoration of paintings __knowledge__ Knowing the materials of any given painting and its support allows for the proper restoration and conservation practices.", "Acrylic paint __knowledge__ Acrylic paint is a fast-drying paint made of pigment suspended in acrylic polymer emulsion.", "Acrylic paint __knowledge__ Acrylic paints are water-soluble, but become water-resistant when dry.", "Acrylic paint __knowledge__ Depending on how much the paint is diluted with water, or modified with acrylic gels, media, or pastes, the finished acrylic painting can resemble a watercolor or an oil painting, or have its own unique characteristics not attainable with other media.", "Acrylic paint __knowledge__ Acrylic paint is typically used for crafting, or in art classes in schools because it does not require any chemicals, and rinses away with just water.", "Acrylic paint __knowledge__ It also is less likely to leave a stain on clothes than oil paint.", "Amtrak paint schemes __knowledge__ Amtrak paint schemes (officially termed \"Phases\") are a series of liveries applied to the outside of Amtrak rolling stock in the United States.", "Amtrak paint schemes __knowledge__ The livery phases appeared as different designs, with a majority using a red, white, and blue (the colors of the United States Flag) palette, except for promotional trains, experimental trains, state partnership routes, and the Capstone phase.", "Amtrak paint schemes __knowledge__ Amtrak began operations in May 1971 with a mixture of equipment from its predecessor railroads, much of which was painted in a variety of railroad-specific paint schemes.", "Amtrak paint schemes __knowledge__ This era was later referred to as the Rainbow Era, due to the mix-matched colorful trains Amtrak used.", "Road surface marking __knowledge__ Road surface marking is any kind of device or material that is used on a road surface in order to convey official information; they are commonly placed with road marking machines (or road marking equipment, pavement marking equipment).", "Road surface marking __knowledge__ They can also be applied in other facilities used by vehicles to mark parking spaces or designate areas for other uses.", "Road surface marking __knowledge__ Road surface markings are used on paved roadways to provide guidance and information to drivers and pedestrians.", "Road surface marking __knowledge__ Uniformity of the markings is an important factor in minimizing confusion and uncertainty about their meaning, and efforts exist to standardize such markings across borders.", "MetroPaint __knowledge__ MetroPaint is a recycled-content latex paint (RCLP) that has been produced in Portland, Oregon, USA by Metro since 1992.", "MetroPaint __knowledge__ Metro receives post-consumer latex paint (PCLP) from garbage customers.", "MetroPaint __knowledge__ Technicians inspect the paint for recyclability: recyclable paint is sorted by color, and unrecyclable paint is disposed in landfills.", "MetroPaint __knowledge__ The recyclable paint is then color-corrected.", "MetroPaint __knowledge__ Additives are blended in, and the paint is then filtered, performance tested, packaged into pails and cans, and sold back to the public at a price intended to recover the program’s labor and material costs.", "MetroPaint __knowledge__ The majority of MetroPaint is produced as a consolidated recycled latex paint, which means the content of post-consumer latex paint (PCLP) is a minimum of 95%.", "Blue–green distinction in language __knowledge__ Many languages do not distinguish between what in English are described as \"blue\" and \"green\" and instead use a cover term spanning both.", "Blue–green distinction in language __knowledge__ To describe this English lexical gap, linguists use the portmanteau word \"grue\", from \"green\" and \"blue\", which the philosopher Nelson Goodman coined in his 1955 \"Fact, Fiction, and Forecast\" to illustrate the \"new riddle of induction\".", "Blue–green distinction in language __knowledge__ The exact definition of \"blue\" and \"green\" may be complicated by the speakers not primarily distinguishing the hue, but using terms that describe other color components such as saturation and luminosity, or other properties of the object being described.", "Characters of The Order of the Stick __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the webcomic \"The Order of the Stick\" (OOTS).", "Characters of The Order of the Stick __knowledge__ Celebrating and satirizing tabletop role-playing games and medieval fantasy, this tale of the eponymous fellowship of adventuring heroes is written and illustrated by Rich Burlew in a stick-figure style.", "Characters of The Order of the Stick __knowledge__ Taking place in a magical world that loosely operates by the rules of the 3.5 edition \"Dungeons & Dragons\" (D&D), the comic follows the sometimes-farcical exploits of six adventurers as they strive to save the world from an evil lich.", "Characters of The Order of the Stick __knowledge__ Much of the comic's humor stems from these characters either being aware of the game rules that affect their lives or having anachronistic knowledge of modern culture, which in turn is often used by the author to parody various aspects of role-playing games and fantasy fiction.", "Color __knowledge__ Color (American English) or colour (Commonwealth English) is the characteristic of human visual perception described through color \"categories\", with names such as red, blue, yellow, green, orange, or purple.", "Color __knowledge__ This perception of color derives from the stimulation of cone cells in the human eye by electromagnetic radiation in the spectrum of light.", "Color __knowledge__ Color categories and physical specifications of color are associated with objects through the wavelength of the light that is reflected from them.", "Color __knowledge__ This reflection is governed by the object's physical properties such as light absorption, emission spectra, etc.", "Aquamarine (film) __knowledge__ Aquamarine is a 2006 Australian-American teen comedy film starring Sara Paxton, Emma Roberts, and JoJo.", "Aquamarine (film) __knowledge__ The film, which was made in both the United States and Australia, was released in North America on March 3, 2006.", "Aquamarine (film) __knowledge__ The film was loosely based on a children's book of the same name by Alice Hoffman, and was directed by American director Elizabeth Allen Rosenbaum.", "Aquamarine (film) __knowledge__ The film was filmed in Queensland, Australia.", "Aquamarine (film) __knowledge__ 14-year-old best friends Hailey Rogers (JoJo) and Claire Brown (Emma Roberts) are upset to know that they will be separated in three days as Hailey has to move to Australia because of her mother's (Claudia Karvan) work.", "Beryl __knowledge__ Beryl is a mineral composed of beryllium aluminium cyclosilicate with the chemical formula BeAl(SiO).", "Beryl __knowledge__ Well-known varieties of beryl include emerald and aquamarine.", "Beryl __knowledge__ Naturally occurring, hexagonal crystals of beryl can be up to several meters in size, but terminated crystals are relatively rare.", "Beryl __knowledge__ Pure beryl is colorless, but it is frequently tinted by impurities; possible colors are green, blue, yellow, red (the rarest), and white.", "Beryl __knowledge__ The name \"beryl\" is derived (via , , and ) from Greek βήρυλλος \"beryllos\" which referred to a \"precious blue-green color-of-sea-water stone\"; akin to Prakrit \"verulia\", \"veluriya\" (\"beryl\").", "Purple __knowledge__ Purple is a color intermediate between blue and red.", "Purple __knowledge__ It is similar to violet, but unlike violet, which is a spectral color with its own wavelength on the visible spectrum of light, purple is a composite color made by combining red and blue.", "Purple __knowledge__ According to surveys in Europe and the U.S., purple is the color most often associated with royalty, magic, mystery and piety.", "Purple __knowledge__ When combined with pink, it is associated with eroticism, femininity and seduction.", "Purple __knowledge__ Purple was the color worn by Roman magistrates; it became the imperial color worn by the rulers of the Byzantine Empire and the Holy Roman Empire, and later by Roman Catholic bishops." ] ]

[ 1, 49, 41, 4, 6 ]

[ "Hello. What is your favorite color? I like blue. It's one of the three primary colors in painting.", "Color psychology is actually the study of hues as a determinant of behavior", "It can influence perceptions that are unconscious, such as how food tastes. It also can enhance the effectiveness of placebos. ", "Most blues have a mixture of other colors , azure has some green, and aquamarine has violet. It is hard to tell.", "I do not like to paint houses, if that is what you mean. An optical effect called Tyndal is why eyes look blue. Kind of interesting.l " ]

[ "Blue", "Blue", "Blue", "Blue", "Blue" ]

[ "French Bulldog", "Wow! I didn't know that. I love dogs but usually don't get pure breds.", "Incredible. I have always liked the really big breeds, boxers and pitbulls. I wonder which dogs are most popular. Golden Retrievers maybe..." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ The French Bulldog, also known as the Frenchie, is a small breed of domestic dog.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ Frenchies were the result in the 1800s of a cross between bulldog ancestors imported from England and local ratters in Paris (France).", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ In 2014, they were the fourth most popular registered dog in the United Kingdom and in the U.S. the sixth most popular AKC registered dog breed.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ They were rated the third most popular dog in Australia (for 2017).", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ They are also on the higher side price-wise.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ The cost around $3,000-7,000.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ The origin of the modern French Bulldog breed descends directly from the dogs of the Molossians, an ancient Greek tribe.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ The dogs were spread throughout the ancient world by Phoenician traders.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ British Molossian dogs were developed into the Mastiff.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ A sub-family of the Mastiff were the Bullenbeisser, a type of dog used for bull-baiting.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ Blood sports such as bull-baiting were outlawed in England in 1835, leaving these \"Bulldogs\" unemployed.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ However, they had been bred for non-sporting reasons since at least 1800, and so their use changed from a sporting breed to a companion breed.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ To reduce their size, some Bulldogs were crossed with terriers, while others were crossed with pugs.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ By 1850 the Toy Bulldog had become common in England, and appeared in conformation shows when they began around 1860." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ The French Bulldog, also known as the Frenchie, is a small breed of domestic dog.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ Frenchies were the result in the 1800s of a cross between bulldog ancestors imported from England and local ratters in Paris (France).", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ In 2014, they were the fourth most popular registered dog in the United Kingdom and in the U.S. the sixth most popular AKC registered dog breed.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ They were rated the third most popular dog in Australia (for 2017).", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ They are also on the higher side price-wise.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ The cost around $3,000-7,000.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ The origin of the modern French Bulldog breed descends directly from the dogs of the Molossians, an ancient Greek tribe.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ The dogs were spread throughout the ancient world by Phoenician traders.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ British Molossian dogs were developed into the Mastiff.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ A sub-family of the Mastiff were the Bullenbeisser, a type of dog used for bull-baiting.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ Blood sports such as bull-baiting were outlawed in England in 1835, leaving these \"Bulldogs\" unemployed.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ However, they had been bred for non-sporting reasons since at least 1800, and so their use changed from a sporting breed to a companion breed.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ To reduce their size, some Bulldogs were crossed with terriers, while others were crossed with pugs.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ By 1850 the Toy Bulldog had become common in England, and appeared in conformation shows when they began around 1860.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Must Love Dogs is a 2005 American romantic comedy film based on Claire Cook's 2002 novel of the same name.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Starring Diane Lane and John Cusack, it is the second and final film directed and written by Gary David Goldberg and was produced on a budget of $30 million.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ The film focuses on a woman's struggle with divorce and meeting new people afterward.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Production started on October 12, 2004 with a final release date of July 29, 2005.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Critics opinions were mostly negative but indicated that the actors were not to blame.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ \"Must Love Dogs\" took the fifth spot on its opening weekend and has grossed more than $58 million worldwide.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Dingo–dog hybrid __knowledge__ A dingo–dog hybrid is a cross between a dingo and a domestic dog.", "Dingo–dog hybrid __knowledge__ The current population of free ranging domestic dogs in Australia is now probably higher than in the past.", "Dingo–dog hybrid __knowledge__ However, the proportion of the so-called \"pure\" dingoes (dogs with exclusively dingo-ancestry) has been in the decrease over the last few decades due to hybridisation and is regarded as further decreasing.", "Dingo–dog hybrid __knowledge__ Because of this ongoing interbreeding of dingoes and other domestic dogs and the resulting hybrids, there is a much wider range of colours and body shapes today among the Australian wild dog population than in the time before the human introduction of domestic dogs.", "La Verdad (horse) __knowledge__ La Verdad (foaled 29 April 2010) is a retired American Thoroughbred racehorse.", "La Verdad (horse) __knowledge__ She was bred in New York by Eklektikos Stable and is owned by Sheila Rosenblum's Lady Sheila Stable.", "La Verdad (horse) __knowledge__ A winner of 16 races from 25 starts, she won the Eclipse Award as American Champion Female Sprint Horse for her accomplishments in 2015.", "La Verdad (horse) __knowledge__ La Verdad was trained by Linda Rice and primarily ridden by jockey Jose Ortiz.", "La Verdad (horse) __knowledge__ The phrase \"la verdad\" means \"the truth\" in Spanish.", "La Verdad (horse) __knowledge__ La Verdad's sire is Yes It's True, a multiple graded stakes winner who placed in 15 stakes races during his career, including victories in the Grade 1 De Francis Dash, Grade 2 Riva Ridge and six Grade 3 events.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Water wheel __knowledge__ A water wheel is a machine for converting the energy of flowing or falling water into useful forms of power, often in a watermill.", "Water wheel __knowledge__ A water wheel consists of a wheel (usually constructed from wood or metal), with a number of blades or buckets arranged on the outside rim forming the driving surface.", "Water wheel __knowledge__ Most commonly, the wheel is mounted vertically on a horizontal axle, but can also be mounted horizontally on a vertical shaft, for example the tub or Norse.", "Water wheel __knowledge__ Vertical wheels can transmit power either through the axle or via a ring gear and typically drive belts or gears; horizontal wheels usually directly drive their load.", "Selinsgrove Area School District __knowledge__ Selinsgrove Area School District is a mid-sized, suburban/rural public school district centered in Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania in eastern Snyder County, Pennsylvania.", "Selinsgrove Area School District __knowledge__ The Selinsgrove Area School District encompasses approximately .", "Selinsgrove Area School District __knowledge__ The district is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania.", "Selinsgrove Area School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 21,015 people.", "Selinsgrove Area School District __knowledge__ In 2010 the district's population increased to 22,259 people.", "Selinsgrove Area School District __knowledge__ District enrollment has declined to approximately 2700 students clustered on a campus located in the borough of Selinsgrove.", "Selinsgrove Area School District __knowledge__ The Pennsylvania Department of Education projected a continued decline in enrollment to 2,500 in 2010.", "Blue Mountain School District __knowledge__ The Blue Mountain School District is a midsized, rural public school district in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania.", "Blue Mountain School District __knowledge__ The District is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania.", "Blue Mountain School District __knowledge__ The District serves the Boroughs of Auburn, Cressona, Deer Lake, New Ringgold and Orwigsburg and Wayne Township, East Brunswick Township, North Manheim Township and West Brunswick Township in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania.", "Blue Mountain School District __knowledge__ Blue Mountain School District encompasses approximately .", "Blue Mountain School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, it served a resident population of 19,436.", "Blue Mountain School District __knowledge__ By 2010, the district's population was 20,463 people, making it a District of the Third Class.", "Gettysburg Area School District __knowledge__ The Gettysburg Area School District is a mid-sized, rural, public school district which serves students in a area of Adams County, Pennsylvania.", "Gettysburg Area School District __knowledge__ The District includes: Gettysburg Borough, as well as Cumberland, Freedom, Highland, Franklin and parts of Mt.", "Gettysburg Area School District __knowledge__ Joy and Straban Townships.", "Gettysburg Area School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, Gettysburg Area School District served a resident population of 26,205 people.", "Gettysburg Area School District __knowledge__ By 2010, the District's population increased to 27,614 people.", "Gettysburg Area School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the Gettysburg Area School District population (25 years old and over) were 87.4% high school graduates and 27.4% college graduates.", "Carbondale Area School District __knowledge__ The Carbondale Area School District is a small, suburban school district that provides education services to the children residing in the City of Carbondale and Fell Township in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania.", "Carbondale Area School District __knowledge__ The district encompasses an area of .", "Carbondale Area School District __knowledge__ The school district had a population of 11,641, according to the 2000 federal census.", "Carbondale Area School District __knowledge__ By 2010, the district's population declined to 11,065 people.", "Carbondale Area School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the Carbondale Area School District population (25 years old and over) were 87.4% high school graduates and 16.4% college graduates.", "Carbondale Area School District __knowledge__ The District is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania an done of 12 districts operating in Lackawanna County.", "Montrose Area School District __knowledge__ The Montrose Area School District is a small, rural public school district located in northwestern Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania.", "Montrose Area School District __knowledge__ It serves the following municipalities: Montrose, Bridgewater Township, Franklin Township, Liberty Township, Jessup Township, Forest Lake Township, Silver Lake Township, Little Meadows, Choconut Township, Friendsville, and Middletown Township.", "Montrose Area School District __knowledge__ The Montrose Area School District encompasses approximately .", "Montrose Area School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, the district served a resident population of 11,708 people.", "Montrose Area School District __knowledge__ By 2010, the district's population was 11,710 people.", "Montrose Area School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the School District population (25 years old and over) were 88.9% high school graduates and 16.9% college graduates." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ The French Bulldog, also known as the Frenchie, is a small breed of domestic dog.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ Frenchies were the result in the 1800s of a cross between bulldog ancestors imported from England and local ratters in Paris (France).", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ In 2014, they were the fourth most popular registered dog in the United Kingdom and in the U.S. the sixth most popular AKC registered dog breed.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ They were rated the third most popular dog in Australia (for 2017).", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ They are also on the higher side price-wise.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ The cost around $3,000-7,000.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ The origin of the modern French Bulldog breed descends directly from the dogs of the Molossians, an ancient Greek tribe.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ The dogs were spread throughout the ancient world by Phoenician traders.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ British Molossian dogs were developed into the Mastiff.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ A sub-family of the Mastiff were the Bullenbeisser, a type of dog used for bull-baiting.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ Blood sports such as bull-baiting were outlawed in England in 1835, leaving these \"Bulldogs\" unemployed.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ However, they had been bred for non-sporting reasons since at least 1800, and so their use changed from a sporting breed to a companion breed.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ To reduce their size, some Bulldogs were crossed with terriers, while others were crossed with pugs.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ By 1850 the Toy Bulldog had become common in England, and appeared in conformation shows when they began around 1860.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is a large-sized breed of dog bred as gun dogs to retrieve shot waterfowl such as ducks and upland game birds during hunting and shooting parties, and were named 'retriever' because of their ability to retrieve shot game undamaged.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers have an instinctive love of water, and are easy to train to basic or advanced obedience standards.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They are a long-coated breed, with a dense inner coat that provides them with adequate warmth in the outdoors, and an outer coat that lies flat against their bodies and repels water.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers are well suited to residency in suburban or country environments.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd (, ) is a breed of medium to large-sized working dog that originated in Germany.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed's officially recognized name is German Shepherd Dog in the English language (sometimes abbreviated as \"GSD\").", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed was once known as the Alsatian in Britain and Ireland.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is a relatively new breed of dog, with their origin dating to 1899.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ As part of the Herding Group, German Shepherds are working dogs developed originally for herding sheep.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ Since that time however, because of their strength, intelligence, trainability, and obedience, German Shepherds around the world are often the preferred breed for many types of work, including disability assistance, search-and-rescue, police and military roles, and even acting.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid the blind, those who have autism, to act as a therapy dog, or to perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A few kennels breeding their ancestors, the St. John's water dog, were in England.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ At the same time, a combination of the sheep protection policy in Newfoundland and rabies quarantine in the United Kingdom, led to the gradual demise of the St. John's water dog in Canada.", "Service dog __knowledge__ A service dog is a type of assistance dog specifically trained to help people who have disabilities, such as visual impairment, hearing impairments, mental illnesses (such as post traumatic stress disorder), seizure disorder, mobility impairment, and diabetes.", "Service dog __knowledge__ Desirable character traits in service animals typically include good temperament or psychological make-up (including biddability and trainability) and good health (including physical structure and stamina).", "Service dog __knowledge__ Some service dogs are bred and trained by service dog organizations, while others are bred by breeders, and trained by private trainers or even the individuals with disabilities who will someday become their partners.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The Goldendoodle is a cross-breed dog, which is obtained by breeding a Golden Retriever with a Poodle.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The name, which alters \"poodle\" to \"doodle\" by analogy to \"Labradoodle\", was coined in 1992.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The Goldendoodle was first bred by Monica Dickens in 1969.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Popularity for the goldendoodle grew in the 1990s when breeders in North America and Australia began crossing Golden Retrievers with Standard Poodles.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The original purpose of the cross was to develop guide dogs suitable for visually impaired individuals with allergies.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Poodles are considered to be hypoallergenic.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Their coats do not shed, which reduces dander.", "Fatal dog attacks in the United States __knowledge__ At least 4.5–4.7 million Americans are bitten by dogs every year and, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 20 to 30 of these result in death.", "Fatal dog attacks in the United States __knowledge__ In the list, the attribution of breed is assigned by the sources.", "Fatal dog attacks in the United States __knowledge__ There are a limited number of studies concerning the number of human deaths caused by dogs in the United States, and the number of attributed fatalities is difficult to validate or cross-compare with other study results because: Researchers at the Department of Surgery at the University of Texas Health Science Center examined data from the trauma and emergency surgery center from a 15-year period.", "Hunting dog __knowledge__ A hunting dog refers to a canine that hunts with or for humans.", "Hunting dog __knowledge__ There are several types of hunting dogs developed for various tasks.", "Hunting dog __knowledge__ The major categories of hunting dogs include hounds, terriers, dachshunds, cur type dogs, and gun dogs.", "Hunting dog __knowledge__ Among these categories further divisions can be made based upon the dogs' skill sets.", "Hunting dog __knowledge__ For a list of breeds of each type, see the detailed articles for each category: Spaniels definitively fall into two types: ones that seek prey in water and others that seek it on land.", "Hunting dog __knowledge__ Spaniels are the oldest class of gundog in existence, going back at least to the late Renaissance.", "American Kennel Club __knowledge__ The American Kennel Club (AKC) is a registry of purebred dog pedigrees in the United States.", "American Kennel Club __knowledge__ In addition to maintaining its pedigree registry, this kennel club also promotes and sanctions events for purebred dogs, including the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show, an annual event which predates the official forming of the AKC, the National Dog Show, and the AKC National Championship sponsored by Royal Canin, formerly the AKC/Eukanuba National Championship.", "American Kennel Club __knowledge__ Unlike most other countries' kennels clubs, the AKC is not part of the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (World Canine Organization).", "American Kennel Club __knowledge__ In the early 1800s, the English became concerned with the beauty of dogs rather than their function.", "Welsh Corgi __knowledge__ The Welsh Corgi, sometimes known as just a Corgi (, Welsh for \"dwarf dog\"; plural \"corgis\" or occasionally the etymologically consistent \"corgwn\" ()), is a small type of herding dog that originated in Wales.", "Welsh Corgi __knowledge__ Two separate breeds are recognized: the Pembroke Welsh Corgi and the Cardigan Welsh Corgi.", "Welsh Corgi __knowledge__ Historically, the Pembroke has been attributed to the influx of dogs alongside Flemish weavers from around the 10th century, while the Cardigan is attributed to the dogs brought with Norse settlers, in particular a common ancestor of the Swedish Vallhund.", "Welsh Corgi __knowledge__ A certain degree of interbreeding between the two types has been suggested to explain the similarities between the two.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ The Australian Shepherd, often known simply as the \"Aussie\", is a medium-sized breed of dog that was, despite its name, developed on ranches in the Western United States during the 19th century.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ The dog was developed from a breed or breeds from the Basque country in Western Europe.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ It was brought by Basque people to the United States.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ These people had previously lived only briefly in Australia before moving to America.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed otherwise has no connection to Australia.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ There are a number of different theories regarding how the breed came to be associated with Australia, but there is no consensus.", "American Cocker Spaniel __knowledge__ The American Cocker Spaniel is a breed of sporting dog.", "American Cocker Spaniel __knowledge__ It is a spaniel type dog that is closely related to the English Cocker Spaniel; the two breeds diverged during the 20th century due to differing breed standards in America and the UK.", "American Cocker Spaniel __knowledge__ In the United States, the breed is usually called the Cocker Spaniel, while elsewhere in the world, it is called the American Cocker Spaniel in order to differentiate between it and its English cousin, which was already known as \"Cocker Spaniel\" before the American variety was created.", "American Cocker Spaniel __knowledge__ The word \"cocker\" is commonly held to stem from their use to hunt woodcock in England, while \"spaniel\" is thought to be derived from the type's origins in Spain.", "American Water Spaniel __knowledge__ The American Water Spaniel, (often abbreviated to AWS), is a breed of spaniel which originated in the United States.", "American Water Spaniel __knowledge__ Developed in the state of Wisconsin during the 19th century from a number of other breeds, including the Irish and English Water Spaniels.", "American Water Spaniel __knowledge__ The breed was saved by Dr. Fred J. Pfeifer, who set up the breed club and standard, and whose work led to recognition for the breed by the United Kennel Club, and later, the American Kennel Club.", "American Water Spaniel __knowledge__ While they are the state dog of Wisconsin, they remain a rare breed.", "American Water Spaniel __knowledge__ They are medium-sized dog, and have a double layered coat, which comes in a variety of brown related shades." ] ]

[ 6, 3, 26 ]

[ "I love French Bulldogs, but oh the cost. They're between $3,000 and $7,000 each!", "Me either, but Frenchies are the sixth most popular breed in the US according to the AKC. Guess that's why they're so expensive.", "The labrador retriever is actually one of the most popular breeds in both the UK and the United States. Great dogs too." ]

[ "French Bulldog", "French Bulldog", "French Bulldog" ]

[ "Hiking\nI love to go hiking and spending time outdoors. Do you enjoy hiking?", "Same here. To me theres nothing more peaceful than taking a long hike thru the woods.", "Im from VA also. I grew up on the blue ridge mountain area. They have alot of hiking trails there.", "How many have actually completed hiking that trail?", "I only know of 2 people that have completed the whole trail and it took them about a month." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking.", "Mystery of Love __knowledge__ \"Mystery of Love\" is a song written, produced, and recorded by American singer-songwriter Sufjan Stevens.", "Mystery of Love __knowledge__ It was self-released digitally, under license to Madison Gate Records and Sony Classical, on December 1, 2017.", "Mystery of Love __knowledge__ It is an acoustic song that is featured in the 2017 film \"Call Me by Your Name\".", "Mystery of Love __knowledge__ The film's director, Luca Guadagnino, approached the singer to contribute to the film as a narrator, but Stevens declined and agreed to record an original song instead.", "Mystery of Love __knowledge__ Stevens was granted full creative control during the songwriting process and received inspiration from the film's script and André Aciman's novel of the same name.", "Solace (2006 film) __knowledge__ Solace (; lit.", "Solace (2006 film) __knowledge__ \"Things You Say When You're in Love\") is a 2006 South Korean film, and the directorial debut of Byeon Seung-wook.", "Solace (2006 film) __knowledge__ It stars Han Suk-kyu as a pharmacist who cares for his mentally disabled brother, and the relationship he builds with a debt-saddled woman (played by Kim Ji-soo) who sells fake designer clothes.", "Solace (2006 film) __knowledge__ In-ku is a pharmacist who runs his own store in Seoul.", "Solace (2006 film) __knowledge__ Although approaching middle age, he still lives with his elderly mother and mentally disabled older brother, In-seob.", "Solace (2006 film) __knowledge__ In-ku spends much of his time caring for his brother, and in the recent past had to end a relationship with his girlfriend, as her parents would not accept In-seob into their family.", "Harzer Wandernadel __knowledge__ The Harzer Wandernadel (literally: \"Harz Walking Badge\") is a hiking network and associated system of hiking awards in the Harz mountains in central Germany.", "Harzer Wandernadel __knowledge__ The hiker (or mountain biker) can earn awards at different levels of challenge by walking to the various checkpoints in the network and stamping his or her passbook to record the visit.", "Harzer Wandernadel __knowledge__ With 222 checkpoints in three federal states and across five districts in the Harz and with membership in five figures, the system has gained a following Germany-wide.", "Harzer Wandernadel __knowledge__ The idea of the \"Wandernadel\" (\"hiking badge\") is to give those holidaying in the Harz a worthwhile goal to achieve and encourage them to stay for longer or return.", "Luethi-Peterson Camps __knowledge__ Founded in 1948 by Natalie Luethi-Peterson, the Luethi-Peterson Camps (LPC) are non-profit, co-ed summer camps in different countries, that aim to foster international understanding by bringing together kids from a variety of cultural backgrounds.", "Luethi-Peterson Camps __knowledge__ Officially, its stated purpose is to \"be a project based upon the conviction that understanding is essential to peace and that such understanding can be best realized through personal friendship and mutual respect which such friendship engenders.\"", "Luethi-Peterson Camps __knowledge__ Using crafts, sports, music and language study as vehicles, LPC emphasizes self-government, guiding campers to take responsibility for themselves and their community.", "Nature deficit disorder __knowledge__ Nature deficit disorder is a phrase coined by Richard Louv in his 2005 book \"Last Child in the Woods\" meaning that human beings, especially children, are spending less time outdoors resulting in a wide range of behavioral problems.", "Nature deficit disorder __knowledge__ This disorder is not recognized in any of the medical manuals for mental disorders, such as the ICD-10 or the DSM-5.", "Nature deficit disorder __knowledge__ Evidence was compiled and reviewed in 2009.", "Nature deficit disorder __knowledge__ Richard Louv has stated \"nature-deficit disorder is not meant to be a medical diagnosis but rather to serve as a description of the human costs of alienation from the natural world\".", "Nature deficit disorder __knowledge__ Louv claims that causes for the phenomenon include parental fears, restricted access to natural areas, and the lure of electronic devices.", "Hungarian verbs __knowledge__ This page is about verbs in Hungarian grammar.", "Hungarian verbs __knowledge__ There is basically only one pattern for verb endings, with predictable variations dependent on the phonological context.", "Hungarian verbs __knowledge__ The lemma or citation form is always the third person singular indefinite present.", "Hungarian verbs __knowledge__ This usually has a ∅ suffix, e.g.", "Hungarian verbs __knowledge__ \"kér\" (\"ask\", \"have a request\").", "Hungarian verbs __knowledge__ A slight variation to the standard pattern is with certain verbs which have third person singular indefinite present ending with \"-ik\", e.g.", "Hungarian verbs __knowledge__ \"dolgozik\" (\"work\"), and 1st singular indefinite present usually with \"-om/-em/-öm\".", "Hungarian verbs __knowledge__ The stem for this is reached by removing \"-ik\".", "Hungarian verbs __knowledge__ These verbs explain the reason for this form being the citation form." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail is estimated around 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail Conservancy claims that the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The idea of the Appalachian Trail came about in 1921.", "Little Star (novel) __knowledge__ Little Star () is a 2010 horror/drama novel written by John Ajvide Lindqvist.", "Little Star (novel) __knowledge__ It is named after \"Lilla stjärna\", the Swedish entry to the Eurovision Song Contest 1958 held in Hilversum, the Netherlands.", "Little Star (novel) __knowledge__ In 1992, a musician named Lennart finds in the woods an infant left for dead.", "Little Star (novel) __knowledge__ He takes her to his wife, Laila, and the two raise the child in secrecy, believing that her catatonic and trance-like state will result in her being perceived as mentally ill. Their adult son, Jerry, frequently visits the child, whom he names Theres.", "Little Star (novel) __knowledge__ Lennart becomes obsessed with Theres due to her angelic voice.", "Little Star (novel) __knowledge__ He convinces her never to leave the house by telling her that the world is full of \"big people\" who want to eat up the \"little people,\" like her.", "Pacific Crest Trail __knowledge__ The Pacific Crest Trail (commonly abbreviated as the PCT, and officially designated as the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail) is a long-distance hiking and equestrian trail closely aligned with the highest portion of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountain ranges, which lie east of the U.S. Pacific coast.", "Pacific Crest Trail __knowledge__ The trail's southern terminus is on the U.S. border with Mexico, just south of Campo, California, and its northern terminus on the Canada–US border on the edge of Manning Park in British Columbia; its corridor through the U.S. is in the states of California, Oregon, and Washington.", "Pacific Crest Trail __knowledge__ The Pacific Crest Trail is long and ranges in elevation from just above sea level at the Oregon–Washington border to at Forester Pass in the Sierra Nevada.", "Thru-hiking __knowledge__ Thru-hiking, or through-hiking, is hiking a long-distance trail end-to-end within one hiking season.", "Thru-hiking __knowledge__ In United States, the term is most commonly associated with the Appalachian Trail (AT), the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT), and the Continental Divide Trail (CDT), but also refers to other end-to-end hikes.", "Thru-hiking __knowledge__ Other examples include the Te Araroa Trail in New Zealand, the Camino de Santiago in Spain, the Via Francigena in France and Italy, the Lycian Way in Turkey, the Israel National Trail, and the Great Divide Trail (GDT) in Canada.", "Thru-hiking __knowledge__ Thru-hiking is also called \"end-to-end hiking\" or \"end-to-ending\" on some trails, like Vermont's Long Trail or New York's Long Path and Northville–Placid Trail.", "Long Path __knowledge__ The Long Path is a long-distance hiking trail beginning at the George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee, New Jersey and ending at Altamont, New York, in the Albany area.", "Long Path __knowledge__ While not yet a continuous trail, relying on road walks in some areas, it nevertheless takes in many of the popular hiking attractions west of the Hudson River, such as the New Jersey Palisades, Harriman State Park, the Shawangunk Ridge and the Catskill Mountains.", "Long Path __knowledge__ It offers hikers a diversity of environments to pass through, from suburbia and sea-level salt marshes along the Hudson to wilderness and boreal forest on Catskill summits in elevation.", "Waitukubuli Trail __knowledge__ The Waitukubuli Trail located in Dominica is the longest hiking trail in the Caribbean at 115 miles long It is made of 14 segments, beginning in the southern village of Scott's Head, and ending in the north at Cabrit's National Park.", "Waitukubuli Trail __knowledge__ The trail was officially opened in 2013 and was named after the original Kalinago name of the island, Waitukubuli, meaning \"tall is her body\" .", "Waitukubuli Trail __knowledge__ Scott's Head to Soufriere Estate “This trail located in a crater and with evidence of sulphur deposits, helps us to understand the true volcanic nature of Dominica.” Vegetation Type: Dry Forest, Cultivation Distance: 7km or 4 miles Estimated Walking time: 4hrs Climb: 460 metres or 1,518 ft Type of hike: Moderate Areas of interest: Soufriere Estate to Bellevue Chopin This trail with an old slave route, old estates and historic buildings reminds us of Dominica’s history of a plantation society and the era of colonization.", "East Coast Trail __knowledge__ Started in 1994, the East Coast Trail is a long-distance footpath located in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.", "East Coast Trail __knowledge__ It is over of developed trail that is made up of 26 wilderness paths and intersect more than 30 communities.", "East Coast Trail __knowledge__ It was named one of the best adventure destinations by National Geographic in 2012 and grows and improves every year.", "East Coast Trail __knowledge__ Maintained by the East Coast Trail Association and located primarily on public lands, the trail traces the east coast of Newfoundland along the Atlantic Ocean.", "East Coast Trail __knowledge__ The trail passes through many small coastal towns nested in the bays of the Avalon Peninsula.", "Kings Canyon National Park __knowledge__ Kings Canyon National Park is a national park in the southern Sierra Nevada, in Fresno and Tulare Counties, California in the United States.", "Kings Canyon National Park __knowledge__ Originally established in 1890 as General Grant National Park, it was greatly expanded and renamed to Kings Canyon National Park on March 4, 1940.", "Kings Canyon National Park __knowledge__ Its namesake, Kings Canyon, is a rugged glacier-carved valley more than a mile (1,600 m) deep; the park also includes multiple peaks, high mountain meadows, swift-flowing rivers, and some of the world's largest stands of giant sequoia trees.", "Kings Canyon National Park __knowledge__ Kings Canyon is north of and contiguous with Sequoia National Park, and the two are jointly administered by the National Park Service as the Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks.", "Lincoln National Forest __knowledge__ Lincoln National Forest is a unit of the U.S. Forest Service located in southern New Mexico.", "Lincoln National Forest __knowledge__ Established by Presidential Proclamation in 1902 as the Lincoln Forest Preserve, the forest begins near the Texas border and contains lands in parts of Chaves, Eddy, Lincoln, and Otero, counties.", "Lincoln National Forest __knowledge__ The three Ranger Districts within the forest contain all or part of four mountain ranges, and include a variety of different environmental areas, from desert to heavily forested mountains and sub-alpine grasslands.", "Lincoln National Forest __knowledge__ Established to balance conservation, resource management, and recreation, the lands of the Lincoln National Forest include important local timber resources, protected wilderness areas, and popular recreation and winter sports areas.", "Tamarack Camps __knowledge__ Tamarack Camps is a Jewish summer camp organization run by the Fresh Air Society in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, USA.", "Tamarack Camps __knowledge__ The Fresh Air Society began in Michigan in 1902, and recently celebrated its 100-year anniversary in the summer of 2002.", "Tamarack Camps __knowledge__ Tamarack operates three major camps, as well as teen trip programs.", "Tamarack Camps __knowledge__ These camps are Maas, Agree, Kennedy, and Western, Alaska and Appalachian trips.", "Tamarack Camps __knowledge__ Camp Maas, the major residential camp of Tamarack Camps, is located in Ortonville, Michigan, off Perryville Road.", "Tamarack Camps __knowledge__ Camp Maas , named for the Detroit area's philanthropist Benard Maas, caters to children from grades 2 through 9.It is made up of eleven villages, ranging by age and gender.", "Sof passuk __knowledge__ The Sof passuk (Hebrew: , \"end of verse\", also spelled Sof pasuq and other variant English spellings, and sometimes called סלוק silluq) is the cantillation mark that occurs on the last word of every verse in the Tanakh.", "Sof passuk __knowledge__ Some short verses contain only members of the sof passuk group.", "Sof passuk __knowledge__ The Sof passuk can be preceded by the marks \"Mercha\", \"Tipcha\", and \"Mercha\" in that order, including either all or some of these.", "Sof passuk __knowledge__ However, these Merchas and Tipchas do not necessarily have the same melody as those in the Etnachta group.", "Sof passuk __knowledge__ Altogether, there are five possible arrangements how these can appear.", "Sof passuk __knowledge__ There is controversy over the use of the Sof Passuk during the reading of the Ten Commandments.", "VándorMások __knowledge__ Vándor\"Mások\" (lit.", "VándorMások __knowledge__ “Wandering/Roaming/Roving Others”) is one of the oldest gay organizations in Hungary.", "VándorMások __knowledge__ It has been organizing gay-friendly hikes in the mountains easily accessible from Budapest since December 26, 1991.", "VándorMások __knowledge__ Its leader and organizer has been “Gazsi” since the beginning.", "VándorMások __knowledge__ Its one-day hikes, equalling to an athletic achievement, take place once a month (except for a several days’ long hiking in the spring month), with usually 20 or 30 people taking part.", "VándorMások __knowledge__ Its route has followed a four-year cycle since 1992, the individual hikes completing a continuous way, their start coinciding with the goal of the preceding one.", "Wilsons Promontory National Park __knowledge__ The Wilsons Promontory National Park, commonly known as Wilsons Prom or The Prom, is a national park in the Gippsland region of Victoria, Australia, located approximately southeast of Melbourne.", "Wilsons Promontory National Park __knowledge__ The national park is the southernmost national park on mainland Australia, known for its rainforests, beaches and abundant wildlife.", "Wilsons Promontory National Park __knowledge__ The national park covers the southern portion of Wilsons Promontory, a peninsula containing South Point, the southernmost point on the Australian mainland.", "Wilsons Promontory National Park __knowledge__ A lighthouse on the south-east corner of the peninsula is the southern-most lighthouse on mainland Australia and has operated continuously since 1859." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking.", "Blue Ridge Mountain __knowledge__ Blue Ridge Mountain, also known as Blue Mountain, is the colloquial name of the westernmost ridge of the Blue Ridge Mountains in northern Virginia and the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia.", "Blue Ridge Mountain __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail traverses the entire length of the mountain along its western slope and crest.", "Blue Ridge Mountain __knowledge__ The mountain extends from the Potomac River in the north to Chester Gap in the south.", "Blue Ridge Mountain __knowledge__ Along this section of the Blue Ridge Mountains, Blue Ridge Mountain comprises the sole ridge of the chain in the immediate vicinity and contains few spur ridges or peaks.", "Blue Ridge Mountain __knowledge__ The notable exceptions are the Bull Run and Catoctin mountains, which lie approximately to the east across the Loudoun Valley, and Short Hill Mountain, located to the east, which runs parallel to the Blue Ridge for near its northern terminus.", "Blue Ridge School District __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge School District is a small, rural, public school district located in Susquehanna County in northeastern Pennsylvania.", "Blue Ridge School District __knowledge__ It serves the Boroughs of Great Bend, Hallstead and New Milford and Great Bend Township, Jackson Township and New Milford Township.", "Blue Ridge School District __knowledge__ The district encompasses approximately .", "Blue Ridge School District __knowledge__ According to the 2000 federal census data, it served a resident population of 7,331.", "Blue Ridge School District __knowledge__ By 2010, the district's population increased to 7,730 people.", "Blue Ridge School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the Blue Ridge School District population (25 years old and over) were 89.6% high school graduates and 13.5% college graduates.", "Cove Mountain __knowledge__ Cove Mountain is a wildland in the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests of western Virginia that has been recognized by the Wilderness Society as a special place worthy of protection from logging and road construction.", "Cove Mountain __knowledge__ The wildarea includes a seven mile section of the Appalachian Trail with four miles following along Cove Mountain ridge.", "Cove Mountain __knowledge__ There are excellent winter views of Flat Top Mountain, Sharp Top and Peaks of Otter to the east.", "Cove Mountain __knowledge__ The area contains the headwaters of prime trout fisheries.", "Cove Mountain __knowledge__ The area is part of the Glenwood Cluster.", "Cove Mountain __knowledge__ The area is located in the Appalachian Mountains of Southwestern Virginia about 4 miles east of Buchanan, Virginia, between the James River on the north, Va 43 on the west, the Blue Ridge Parkway on the south and McFalls Creek Rd (Va 618) on the east.", "USS Blue Ridge (LCC-19) __knowledge__ USS \"Blue Ridge\" (LCC-19) is the lead ship of the two \"Blue Ridge\"–class command ships of the United States Navy, and is the command ship of the United States Seventh Fleet.", "USS Blue Ridge (LCC-19) __knowledge__ Her primary role is to provide command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence (C4I) support to the commander and staff of the United States Seventh Fleet.", "USS Blue Ridge (LCC-19) __knowledge__ She is currently forward-deployed to U.S. Navy Fleet Activities, Yokosuka in Japan, and is the third Navy ship named after the Blue Ridge Mountains, a range of mountains in the Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States.", "USS Blue Ridge (LCC-19) __knowledge__ \"Blue Ridge\" is the oldest deployable warship of the U.S. Navy, following the decommissioning of in Pearl Harbor on 14 August 2014.", "Glenwood Cluster __knowledge__ The Glenwood Cluster is a region in the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests recognized by The Wilderness Society for its rich biodiversity, scenery, wildflower displays, cold-water trout streams and horse trails.", "Glenwood Cluster __knowledge__ It offers a unique habitat for rare plants, salamanders and other rare species.", "Glenwood Cluster __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Parkway and the Appalachian Trail traverse the area giving ready access with views to the east of the Piedmont foothills and to the west of the Valley of Virginia.", "Glenwood Cluster __knowledge__ The region includes wilderness areas protected by Congressional action, inventoried wilderness, and inventoried areas recognized by the Wilderness Society as worthy of protection from timbering and roads.", "Blue Ridge Tunnel __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Tunnel (also known as the Crozet Tunnel) is a historic railroad tunnel built during the construction of the Blue Ridge Railroad in the 1850s.", "Blue Ridge Tunnel __knowledge__ The tunnel was the westernmost and longest of four tunnels engineered by Claudius Crozet to cross the Blue Ridge Mountains at Rockfish Gap in central Virginia.", "Blue Ridge Tunnel __knowledge__ At in length, the tunnel was the longest tunnel in the United States at the time of its completion in 1858.", "Blue Ridge Tunnel __knowledge__ The tunnel was used by the Virginia Central Railroad from its opening to 1868, when the line was reorganized as the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad (renamed Chesapeake and Ohio Railway in 1878).", "Blue-Blazed Trails __knowledge__ The Blue-Blazed Hiking Trail system, managed by the Connecticut Forest & Park Association (CFPA), and the related trail systems documented in the two volume (\"East\" and \"West\") 19th Edition of the \"Connecticut Walk Book\" comprise over 800 miles of hiking trails in Connecticut.", "Blue-Blazed Trails __knowledge__ There are now over 825 miles of CFPA Blue-Blazed Hiking Trails that pass through 96 towns traversing both public and private lands.", "Blue-Blazed Trails __knowledge__ This includes all official main and side trails.", "Blue-Blazed Trails __knowledge__ The main line trails are marked using the solid light blue rectangular vertical paint blaze.", "Blue-Blazed Trails __knowledge__ A recent change in blaze design to official CFPA connector, side and alternate trails is now in use.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail is estimated around 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail Conservancy claims that the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The idea of the Appalachian Trail came about in 1921.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ Warren Doyle is a hiker, and supporter of the Appalachian Trail.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ He holds the informal record for the hiking the entire Appalachian Trail (seventeen times; 9 thru-hikes and 8 section hikes).", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ From 1974 to 2017, as a labor of love, he organized and led 10 groups up the Appalachian Trail with a superlative completion rate.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ He is the founder of two organizations dedicated to the trail: the Appalachian Long Distance Hikers Association, and the Appalachian Trail Institute.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ He remains the Director of Appalachian Trail Institute.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ Warren Doyle (born 1950) became interested in hiking while attending Southern Connecticut State University.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail spans fourteen U.S. states during its journey that is long, including Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ It begins at Springer Mountain, Georgia, and follows the ridgeline of the Appalachian Mountains, crossing many of its highest peaks and running with only a few exceptions almost continuously through wilderness before ending at Mount Katahdin, Maine.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ The trail is currently protected along more than 99% of its course by federal or state land ownership or right-of-way.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ McAfee Knob is a geological feature, located on Catawba mountain in Catawba, Virginia, United States.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ It is named for a Scotch-Irish 18th-century settler.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ Considered to be the most scenic point along the Appalachian Trail, the vista offers panoramic views of the Catawba Valley, 3400 feet below.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ McAfee Knob is located on the Appalachian Trail, a four-mile hike northbound from the intersection with VA-311 in Catawba, Virginia or a 16 mile hike southbound from US-220 in Troutville, Virginia.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail is a 2,175-mile hiking trail following the Appalachian Mountains between Georgia and Maine, and is a unit of the National Park Service.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ West Virginia is a state located in the Appalachian region of the Southern United States.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ It is bordered by Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Ohio to the northwest, Pennsylvania to the north (and, slightly, east), and Maryland to the northeast.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ West Virginia is the 10th smallest by area, is ranked 38th in population, and has the fourth-lowest household income of the United States.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ The capital and largest city is Charleston.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ West Virginia became a state following the Wheeling Conventions of 1861, after the American Civil War had begun.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ Delegates from some Unionist counties of northwestern Virginia decided to break away from Virginia, although they included many secessionist counties in the new state.", "Pacific Crest Trail __knowledge__ The Pacific Crest Trail (commonly abbreviated as the PCT, and officially designated as the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail) is a long-distance hiking and equestrian trail closely aligned with the highest portion of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountain ranges, which lie east of the U.S. Pacific coast.", "Pacific Crest Trail __knowledge__ The trail's southern terminus is on the U.S. border with Mexico, just south of Campo, California, and its northern terminus on the Canada–US border on the edge of Manning Park in British Columbia; its corridor through the U.S. is in the states of California, Oregon, and Washington.", "Pacific Crest Trail __knowledge__ The Pacific Crest Trail is long and ranges in elevation from just above sea level at the Oregon–Washington border to at Forester Pass in the Sierra Nevada.", "Thru-hiking __knowledge__ Thru-hiking, or through-hiking, is hiking a long-distance trail end-to-end within one hiking season.", "Thru-hiking __knowledge__ In United States, the term is most commonly associated with the Appalachian Trail (AT), the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT), and the Continental Divide Trail (CDT), but also refers to other end-to-end hikes.", "Thru-hiking __knowledge__ Other examples include the Te Araroa Trail in New Zealand, the Camino de Santiago in Spain, the Via Francigena in France and Italy, the Lycian Way in Turkey, the Israel National Trail, and the Great Divide Trail (GDT) in Canada.", "Thru-hiking __knowledge__ Thru-hiking is also called \"end-to-end hiking\" or \"end-to-ending\" on some trails, like Vermont's Long Trail or New York's Long Path and Northville–Placid Trail." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail is estimated around 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail Conservancy claims that the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The idea of the Appalachian Trail came about in 1921.", "Long Path __knowledge__ The Long Path is a long-distance hiking trail beginning at the George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee, New Jersey and ending at Altamont, New York, in the Albany area.", "Long Path __knowledge__ While not yet a continuous trail, relying on road walks in some areas, it nevertheless takes in many of the popular hiking attractions west of the Hudson River, such as the New Jersey Palisades, Harriman State Park, the Shawangunk Ridge and the Catskill Mountains.", "Long Path __knowledge__ It offers hikers a diversity of environments to pass through, from suburbia and sea-level salt marshes along the Hudson to wilderness and boreal forest on Catskill summits in elevation.", "Lyle School of Engineering __knowledge__ The Bobby B. Lyle School of Engineering is the school of engineering at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas.", "Lyle School of Engineering __knowledge__ The engineering program has existed at SMU since 1925.", "Lyle School of Engineering __knowledge__ Many of the college's degree programs are accredited by ABET.", "Lyle School of Engineering __knowledge__ The school is divided into five departments, or areas of study - Civil and Environmental Engineering, Computer Science and Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Engineering Management, Information, and Systems, and Mechanical Engineering.", "Lyle School of Engineering __knowledge__ In October 2008, the school was renamed for alumnus and SMU trustee Bobby B. Lyle.", "Lyle School of Engineering __knowledge__ The engineering program has existed at SMU since 1925.", "Summit Metro Parks __knowledge__ Summit Metro Parks is a Metroparks system serving the citizens of Summit County, Ohio by managing in 16 developed parks, six conservation areas and more than of trails, with of the Ohio & Erie Canal Towpath Trail.", "Summit Metro Parks __knowledge__ The park district is fully supported by a levy, which voters are periodically asked to approve.", "Summit Metro Parks __knowledge__ Rangers are commissioned peace officers who provide safety and security by enforcing the park district’s rules, regulations, state, and local laws.", "Summit Metro Parks __knowledge__ In times of war, people often look for ways to escape the news and demands of the era.", "Summit Metro Parks __knowledge__ During World War I, Americans increasingly looked to parks and natural areas for temporary diversions.", "California Trail __knowledge__ The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "California Trail __knowledge__ After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "California Trail __knowledge__ In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "California Trail __knowledge__ By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California.", "Pacific Crest Trail __knowledge__ The Pacific Crest Trail (commonly abbreviated as the PCT, and officially designated as the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail) is a long-distance hiking and equestrian trail closely aligned with the highest portion of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountain ranges, which lie east of the U.S. Pacific coast.", "Pacific Crest Trail __knowledge__ The trail's southern terminus is on the U.S. border with Mexico, just south of Campo, California, and its northern terminus on the Canada–US border on the edge of Manning Park in British Columbia; its corridor through the U.S. is in the states of California, Oregon, and Washington.", "Pacific Crest Trail __knowledge__ The Pacific Crest Trail is long and ranges in elevation from just above sea level at the Oregon–Washington border to at Forester Pass in the Sierra Nevada.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ Toro Negro State Forest (Spanish: \"Bosque Estatal de Toro Negro\") is one of the 21 forests that make up the public forests system in Puerto Rico.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ It is also Puerto Rico's highest cloud forest.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ It is located in the Cordillera Central region of the island and covers , of mountains.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ Toro Negro's mountains have heights reaching up to and include Cerro de Punta, Cerro Jayuya and Cerro Rosa, the three highest peaks in the island.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ Nested among these mountains is Lake Guineo, the island's highest lake.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ The forest has of trails, an observation tower, two natural swimming pools (Spanish:\"\"charcos\"\"), camping and picnic areas, nine rivers, and numerous creeks and waterfalls.", "Rocky Mountain National Park __knowledge__ Rocky Mountain National Park is a United States national park located approximately northwest of Denver International Airport in north-central Colorado, within the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains.", "Rocky Mountain National Park __knowledge__ The park is situated between the towns of Estes Park to the east and Grand Lake to the west.", "Rocky Mountain National Park __knowledge__ The eastern and westerns slopes of the Continental Divide run directly through the center of the park with the headwaters of the Colorado River located in the park's northwestern region.", "Rocky Mountain National Park __knowledge__ The main features of the park include mountains, alpine lakes and a wide variety of wildlife within various climates and environments, from wooded forests to mountain tundra.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail spans fourteen U.S. states during its journey that is long, including Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ It begins at Springer Mountain, Georgia, and follows the ridgeline of the Appalachian Mountains, crossing many of its highest peaks and running with only a few exceptions almost continuously through wilderness before ending at Mount Katahdin, Maine.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ The trail is currently protected along more than 99% of its course by federal or state land ownership or right-of-way.", "Waitukubuli Trail __knowledge__ The Waitukubuli Trail located in Dominica is the longest hiking trail in the Caribbean at 115 miles long It is made of 14 segments, beginning in the southern village of Scott's Head, and ending in the north at Cabrit's National Park.", "Waitukubuli Trail __knowledge__ The trail was officially opened in 2013 and was named after the original Kalinago name of the island, Waitukubuli, meaning \"tall is her body\" .", "Waitukubuli Trail __knowledge__ Scott's Head to Soufriere Estate “This trail located in a crater and with evidence of sulphur deposits, helps us to understand the true volcanic nature of Dominica.” Vegetation Type: Dry Forest, Cultivation Distance: 7km or 4 miles Estimated Walking time: 4hrs Climb: 460 metres or 1,518 ft Type of hike: Moderate Areas of interest: Soufriere Estate to Bellevue Chopin This trail with an old slave route, old estates and historic buildings reminds us of Dominica’s history of a plantation society and the era of colonization." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking.", "Canadian Ski Marathon __knowledge__ The Canadian Ski Marathon is a ski tour.", "Canadian Ski Marathon __knowledge__ It is held annually just north of the Ottawa River between the regions of Montreal and Ottawa, capital of Canada, in February and usually covers a distance of .", "Canadian Ski Marathon __knowledge__ However, it is a ski tour, not a race: participants challenge not each other, but themselves by choosing a level of difficulty and trying to accomplish that goal.", "Canadian Ski Marathon __knowledge__ The Marathon, which has been running since Canada's Centennial year of 1967, is the longest in the world.", "Canadian Ski Marathon __knowledge__ It consists of 10 sections of varying lengths and difficulties which can either be skied together over the two days (five stages per day), or individually on subsequent days.", "National Blue Trail __knowledge__ The National Blue Trail (in Hungarian: Országos Kéktúra, Kéktúra or simply OKT) is a national trail in Hungary incorporated into the European Long Distance Walking Route E4.", "National Blue Trail __knowledge__ The route starts atop the Irottkő Mountain (884 m) on the Austrian-Hungarian border then cuts across Hungary eventually ending 1,128 km later at the village of Hollóháza by the Hungarian-Slovakian border.", "National Blue Trail __knowledge__ (\"Interactive map\").", "National Blue Trail __knowledge__ The name of the Kéktúra (Blue Trail) is a reference to the marking of the path itself: it is a horizontal blue stripe between two white stripes.", "National Blue Trail __knowledge__ All segments of the trail are freely accessible to the public; no fees have to be paid or permits obtained.", "California Trail __knowledge__ The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "California Trail __knowledge__ After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "California Trail __knowledge__ In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "California Trail __knowledge__ By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California.", "Bruce Trail __knowledge__ The Bruce Trail is a hiking trail in southern and central Ontario, Canada from the Niagara River to the tip of Tobermory, Ontario.", "Bruce Trail __knowledge__ The main trail is more than long and there are over of associated side trails.", "Bruce Trail __knowledge__ The trail follows the edge of the Niagara Escarpment, one of the thirteen UNESCO World Biosphere Reserves in Canada.", "Bruce Trail __knowledge__ The land the trail traverses is owned by the Government of Ontario, local municipalities, local conservation authorities, private landowners and the Bruce Trail Conservancy (BTC).", "Bruce Trail __knowledge__ The name of the trail is linked to the Bruce Peninsula and Bruce County, which the trail runs through.", "Cheung Chau Mini Great Wall __knowledge__ The Mini Great Wall or Little Great Wall is a hiking trail on Cheung Chau, an island of Hong Kong.", "Cheung Chau Mini Great Wall __knowledge__ Constructed in 1997 by the Home Affairs Department, it is a part of the Cheung Chau Family Trail.", "Cheung Chau Mini Great Wall __knowledge__ The whole trail is about 850 metres long, locating at the back of Kwun Yam Beach and on the headland of Chi Ma Hang, southeast of Cheung Chau.", "Cheung Chau Mini Great Wall __knowledge__ The name “Mini Great Wall” is given from the line of granite railings which looks similar to the Great Wall of China.", "Cheung Chau Mini Great Wall __knowledge__ The trail passes by a variety of specially-shaped rocks including the Loaf Rock, the Rock of Ringing Bell, the Eagle Rock, Fa Peng Rock, Human Head Rock, Rock of the Skull, Yuk Saai Shek, and Tortoise Rock.", "Polish–Czech Friendship Trail __knowledge__ The Polish–Czech Friendship Trail (, ) is a public walking path in the Karkonosze Mountains (Giant Mountains).", "Polish–Czech Friendship Trail __knowledge__ The path runs on both sides of the Czech–Polish border, along the main ridge and crosses or traverses all its summits.", "Polish–Czech Friendship Trail __knowledge__ The maintenance of the trail is performed by the staff of both adjacent national parks: the Polish Karkonosze National Park and the Czech Krkonoše National Park.", "Polish–Czech Friendship Trail __knowledge__ The trail is marked red and the signs mostly bilingual.", "Polish–Czech Friendship Trail __knowledge__ The start point is located on Szrenica and the end in the Okraj Pass/Pomezní boudy; the length of the trail is approx.", "Polish–Czech Friendship Trail __knowledge__ 30 km; the level of difficulty is moderate.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The Oregon Trail is a historic east–west, large-wheeled wagon route and emigrant trail in the United States that connected the Missouri River to valleys in Oregon.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The eastern part of the Oregon Trail spanned part of the future state of Kansas, and nearly all of what are now the states of Nebraska and Wyoming.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The western half of the trail spanned most of the future states of Idaho and Oregon.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The Oregon Trail was laid by fur traders and traders from about 1811 to 1840, and was only passable on foot or by horseback.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ By 1836, when the first migrant wagon train was organized in Independence, Missouri, a wagon trail had been cleared to Fort Hall, Idaho.", "Genocides in history __knowledge__ Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, religious or national group.", "Genocides in history __knowledge__ The term was coined in 1944 by Raphael Lemkin.", "Genocides in history __knowledge__ It is defined in Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) of 1948 as \"any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the groups conditions of life, calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; [and] forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.\"", "List of major power outages __knowledge__ This is a list of notable wide-scale power outages.", "List of major power outages __knowledge__ To be included, the power outage must conform to \"all\" of the following criteria: In other words: On the evening of November 9, the Northeast blackout of 1965 affected portions of seven northeastern states in the United States and the province of Ontario in Canada.", "List of major power outages __knowledge__ On August 5, a 50-mile stretch of Florida's gold coast was hit with a general power failure after an explosion at the Cutler Ridge facility.", "List of major power outages __knowledge__ The outage affected more than 2 million people, and created a vast traffic jam.", "List of major power outages __knowledge__ Miami and Ft. Lauderdale downtown areas were offline for almost two hours, with other areas dark for much longer periods.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail is estimated around 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail Conservancy claims that the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The idea of the Appalachian Trail came about in 1921.", "Refugee crisis __knowledge__ Refugee crisis can refer to movements of large groups of displaced people, who could be either internally displaced persons, refugees or other migrants.", "Refugee crisis __knowledge__ It can also refer to incidents in the country of origin or departure, to large problems whilst on the move or even after arrival in a safe country that involve large groups of displaced persons, asylum seekers or refugees.", "Refugee crisis __knowledge__ According to the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, in 2017, 65.6 million people were forcibly displaced worldwide because of persecution, conflict, violence, or human rights violations alone.", "Refugee crisis __knowledge__ Refugee crisis can refer to large groups of displaced people, who could be either internally displaced persons, refugees or other migrants, the incidents in their country of origin, or to problems while on the move, or it can refer to problems in the hosting countries after arrival involving large groups of displaced persons, asylum seekers or refugees.", "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act __knowledge__ The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, often shortened to the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or nicknamed Obamacare, is a United States federal statute enacted by the 111th United States Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010.", "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act __knowledge__ The term \"Obamacare\" was first used by opponents, then reappropriated by supporters, and eventually used by President Obama himself.", "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act __knowledge__ Together with the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 amendment, it represents the U.S. healthcare system's most significant regulatory overhaul and expansion of coverage since the passage of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965.", "United States __knowledge__ The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.", "United States __knowledge__ At 3.8 million square miles (9.8 million km) and with over 325 million people, the United States is the world's third- or fourth-largest country by total area and the third-most populous.", "United States __knowledge__ The capital is Washington, D.C., and the largest city by population is New York City.", "United States __knowledge__ Forty-eight states and the capital's federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release." ] ]

[ 8, 10, 45, 13, 55 ]

[ "Yes I love to go on day hikes up in the mountains.", "I grew up in Virginia near the Appalachian trail but have never had a chance to hike it.", "Yes. the mountains of Virginia are beautiful. I would love to hike the trail but 2200 miles is a bit much for me", "More than 2 million people hike at least part of it every year but I am not sure how many do the whole thing.", "That is fast! I think it would take me much longer - it is the longest hiking trail in the world." ]

[ "Hiking", "Hiking", "Hiking", "Hiking", "Hiking" ]

[ "Yoga", "No, I know nothing about it. Where did yoga originate?", "Cool. What are the health benefits of yoga?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga (; Sanskrit, योगः Listen) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.", "Yoga __knowledge__ There is a broad variety of yoga schools, practices, and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Among the most well-known types of yoga are Hatha yoga and Rāja yoga.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The origins of yoga have been speculated to date back to pre-Vedic Indian traditions; it is mentioned in the Rigveda, but most likely developed around the sixth and fifth centuries BCE, in ancient India's ascetic and śramaṇa movements.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The chronology of earliest texts describing yoga-practices is unclear, varyingly credited to Hindu Upanishads.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras of Patanjali\" date from the first half of the 1st millennium CE, but only gained prominence in the West in the 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga texts emerged around the 11th century with origins in tantra.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga gurus from India later introduced yoga to the West, following the success of Swami Vivekananda in the late 19th and early 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ In the 1980s, yoga became popular as a system of physical exercise across the Western world.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga in Indian traditions, however, is more than physical exercise; it has a meditative and spiritual core." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga (; Sanskrit, योगः Listen) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.", "Yoga __knowledge__ There is a broad variety of yoga schools, practices, and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Among the most well-known types of yoga are Hatha yoga and Rāja yoga.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The origins of yoga have been speculated to date back to pre-Vedic Indian traditions; it is mentioned in the Rigveda, but most likely developed around the sixth and fifth centuries BCE, in ancient India's ascetic and śramaṇa movements.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The chronology of earliest texts describing yoga-practices is unclear, varyingly credited to Hindu Upanishads.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras of Patanjali\" date from the first half of the 1st millennium CE, but only gained prominence in the West in the 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga texts emerged around the 11th century with origins in tantra.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga gurus from India later introduced yoga to the West, following the success of Swami Vivekananda in the late 19th and early 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ In the 1980s, yoga became popular as a system of physical exercise across the Western world.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga in Indian traditions, however, is more than physical exercise; it has a meditative and spiritual core.", "Know Nothing __knowledge__ The Native American Party, renamed the American Party in 1855 and commonly known as the \"Know Nothing\" movement, was an American nativist political party that operated nationally in the mid-1850s.", "Know Nothing __knowledge__ It was primarily anti-Catholic and hostile to immigration, starting originally as a secret society.", "Know Nothing __knowledge__ The movement briefly emerged as a major political party in the form of the American Party.", "Know Nothing __knowledge__ Adherents to the movement were to reply \"I know nothing\" when asked about its specifics by outsiders, thus providing the group with its common appellation.", "Know Nothing __knowledge__ The \"Know Nothings\" believed a \"Romanist\" conspiracy was afoot to subvert civil and religious liberty in America and sought to politically organize native-born Protestants in the defense of traditional religious and political values.", "Henry Gardner __knowledge__ Henry Joseph Gardner (June 14, 1819 – July 21, 1892) was the 23rd Governor of Massachusetts, serving from 1855 to 1858.", "Henry Gardner __knowledge__ Gardner, a Know Nothing, was elected governor as part of the sweeping victory of Know Nothing candidates in the Massachusetts elections of 1854.", "Henry Gardner __knowledge__ Born in Dorchester, Gardner was a dry goods merchant from Boston active in the local Whig Party in the early 1850s.", "Henry Gardner __knowledge__ With the sudden and secretive rise of the nativist Know Nothings in 1854, Gardner opportunistically repudiated previously-held positions, and joined the movement, winning a landslide victory over Whig Emory Washburn.", "Henry Gardner __knowledge__ During his three terms in office the Know Nothing legislatures enacted legislation on a wide-ranging reform agenda, and made several significant changes to the state constitution, including important electoral reforms such as the replacement of majority voting with plurality voting.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is an ancient meditation technique practiced by Indian seers and sages.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ In the current time, it is established by Sadguru Sadafaldeo Ji Maharaj.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is also known as \"Brahmavidya\", \"Madhu-vidya\", \"Para Vidhya\" in the Indian ancient most scriptures and Vedas.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ \"\"Vihangam\"\" literally means \"bird\".", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Just as a bird leaves its base on the earth to fly high in the sky, so does \"Vihangam Yoga\" enable the human Soul (Atma) to cut off its moorings in the Prakriti (phenomenal world) and realize its true and free nature.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ This knowledge is emerged from Brahma so it is also named as Brahma Vidya and who ever has gained this knowledge by practising it called Brahma Rishi.", "Nathaniel P. Banks __knowledge__ Nathaniel Prentice (or Prentiss) Banks (January 30, 1816 – September 1, 1894) was an American politician from Massachusetts and a Union general during the Civil War.", "Nathaniel P. Banks __knowledge__ A millworker by background, Banks was prominent in local debating societies, and his oratorical skills were noted by the Democratic Party.", "Nathaniel P. Banks __knowledge__ But his abolitionist views fitted him better for the nascent Republican Party, through which he became Speaker of the United States House of Representatives and Governor of Massachusetts in the 1850s.", "Nathaniel P. Banks __knowledge__ Always a political chameleon (for which he was criticized by contemporaries), Banks was the first professional politician (with no outside business or other interests) to serve as Massachusetts Governor.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Baba Hari Dass (Devanagari: बाबा हरि दास); born 26 March 1923 in Almora near Nainital, Uttar Pradesh, now Uttarakhand, India, is a yoga master, a silent monk, and a commentator of Indian scriptural tradition of Dharma and Moksha.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ He was classically trained in Ashtanga Yoga – Raja Yoga of Patanjali (the Yoga of Eight Limbs), as well as Kriya Yoga, Ayurveda, Samkhya, Tantra Yoga, Vedanta, and Sanskrit.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Born into the 13th generation of a Kumaoni Karnatak Brahmin family, in the lunar month of Chaitra, in Shukla Paksha (Rama Navami), he is also an author, playwright, martial arts teacher, sculptor and builder of temples.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga is a branch of yoga that emphasizes physical exercises to master the body along with mind as well as exercises to withdraw it from external objects.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The word \"haṭha\" means \"force\" in Sanskrit, and may have this association because the early Indians believed that its practice was challenging and \"forced its results to happen\" on the yogi.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The term \"Hatha yoga\" connotes a system of supplementary physical techniques within the broader concept of Yoga.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The Hatha yoga origins have been credited by some scholars to the Nath yogi tradition of Shaivism, particularly to Gorakhnath.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ However, according to James Mallinson, Hatha yoga has more ancient roots and the oldest known twenty texts on Hatha yoga suggest this attribution to the Naths is incorrect.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Hinduism is an Indian Dharma, or a way of life, widely practiced in South Asia.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Hinduism has been called the oldest religion in the world, and some practitioners and scholars refer to it as \"\", \"the eternal tradition,\" or the \"eternal way,\" beyond human history.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Scholars regard Hinduism as a fusion or synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions, with diverse roots and no founder.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ This \"Hindu synthesis\" started to develop between 500 BCE and 300 CE, following the Vedic period (1500 BCE to 500 BCE).", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Although Hinduism contains a broad range of philosophies, it is linked by shared concepts, recognisable rituals, cosmology, shared textual resources, and pilgrimage to sacred sites.", "Yin yoga __knowledge__ Yin yoga is a slow-paced style of yoga with postures, or \"asanas\", that are held for longer periods of time—for beginners, it may range from 45 seconds to two minutes; more advanced practitioners may stay in one \"asana\" for five minutes or more.", "Yin yoga __knowledge__ Yin yoga poses apply moderate stress to the connective tissues of the body—the tendons, fascia, and ligaments—with the aim of increasing circulation in the joints and improving flexibility.", "Yin yoga __knowledge__ A more meditative approach to yoga, yin aims at cultivating awareness of inner silence, and bringing to light a universal, interconnecting quality.", "Yin yoga __knowledge__ Yin yoga's teaching in the Western world, beginning in the late 1970s, was founded by martial arts expert and Taoist yoga teacher Paulie Zink.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali are 196 Indian sutras (aphorisms).", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras\" were compiled prior to 400 CE by Sage Patanjali, taking materials about yoga from older traditions.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali\" was the most translated ancient Indian text in the medieval era, having been translated into about forty Indian languages and two non-Indian languages: Old Javanese and Arabic.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The text fell into obscurity for nearly 700 years from the 12th to 19th century, and made a comeback in late 19th century due to the efforts of Swami Vivekananda, the Theosophical Society and others.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ It gained prominence again as a comeback classic in the 20th century." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga (; Sanskrit, योगः Listen) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.", "Yoga __knowledge__ There is a broad variety of yoga schools, practices, and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Among the most well-known types of yoga are Hatha yoga and Rāja yoga.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The origins of yoga have been speculated to date back to pre-Vedic Indian traditions; it is mentioned in the Rigveda, but most likely developed around the sixth and fifth centuries BCE, in ancient India's ascetic and śramaṇa movements.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The chronology of earliest texts describing yoga-practices is unclear, varyingly credited to Hindu Upanishads.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras of Patanjali\" date from the first half of the 1st millennium CE, but only gained prominence in the West in the 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga texts emerged around the 11th century with origins in tantra.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga gurus from India later introduced yoga to the West, following the success of Swami Vivekananda in the late 19th and early 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ In the 1980s, yoga became popular as a system of physical exercise across the Western world.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga in Indian traditions, however, is more than physical exercise; it has a meditative and spiritual core.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga is a branch of yoga that emphasizes physical exercises to master the body along with mind as well as exercises to withdraw it from external objects.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The word \"haṭha\" means \"force\" in Sanskrit, and may have this association because the early Indians believed that its practice was challenging and \"forced its results to happen\" on the yogi.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The term \"Hatha yoga\" connotes a system of supplementary physical techniques within the broader concept of Yoga.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The Hatha yoga origins have been credited by some scholars to the Nath yogi tradition of Shaivism, particularly to Gorakhnath.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ However, according to James Mallinson, Hatha yoga has more ancient roots and the oldest known twenty texts on Hatha yoga suggest this attribution to the Naths is incorrect.", "Hot yoga __knowledge__ Hot yoga refers to yoga exercises performed under hot and humid conditions.", "Hot yoga __knowledge__ From the 1970s through approximately 2010, Bikram Yoga - the only major yoga tradition at that time to add heat and humidity - was known as \"hot yoga\".", "Hot yoga __knowledge__ However, from approximately 2012 onward, many unrelated yoga-inspired exercise and fitness trends also began labelling themselves \"hot yoga\".", "Hot yoga __knowledge__ Although traditionally associated with the style devised by Bikram Choudhury, \"hot yoga\" is now used to describe any number of yoga or yoga-inspired fitness styles that use heat.", "Hot yoga __knowledge__ The heat in Bikram Yoga is used to increase the \"tourniquet effect\", to train the mind, and to improve circulation to the joints.", "Health insurance in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, health insurance is any program that helps pay for medical expenses, whether through privately purchased insurance, social insurance or a social welfare program funded by the government.", "Health insurance in the United States __knowledge__ Synonyms for this usage include \"health coverage\", \"health care coverage\" and \"health benefits\".", "Health insurance in the United States __knowledge__ In a more technical sense, the term is used to describe any form of insurance that provides protection against the costs of medical services.", "Health insurance in the United States __knowledge__ This usage includes private insurance and social insurance programs such as Medicare, which pools resources and spreads the financial risk associated with major medical expenses across the entire population to protect everyone, as well as social welfare programs such as Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program, which provide assistance to people who cannot afford health coverage.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Baba Hari Dass (Devanagari: बाबा हरि दास); born 26 March 1923 in Almora near Nainital, Uttar Pradesh, now Uttarakhand, India, is a yoga master, a silent monk, and a commentator of Indian scriptural tradition of Dharma and Moksha.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ He was classically trained in Ashtanga Yoga – Raja Yoga of Patanjali (the Yoga of Eight Limbs), as well as Kriya Yoga, Ayurveda, Samkhya, Tantra Yoga, Vedanta, and Sanskrit.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Born into the 13th generation of a Kumaoni Karnatak Brahmin family, in the lunar month of Chaitra, in Shukla Paksha (Rama Navami), he is also an author, playwright, martial arts teacher, sculptor and builder of temples.", "Tara Stiles __knowledge__ Tara Leann Stiles is an American model turned yoga instructor and founder of Strala Yoga in New York City.", "Tara Stiles __knowledge__ Stiles grew Strala from one studio based in the SoHo neighborhood of New York City, New York to a global studio and training business with currently over 1,000 instructors (called Guides) leading classes in 15 countries regularly to thousands of people weekly.", "Tara Stiles __knowledge__ Strala's online classes are practiced daily all around the world by hundreds of thousands of people.", "Tara Stiles __knowledge__ Strala is the most popular class offered at CMG chain in Paris.", "Tara Stiles __knowledge__ Strala's first partner studio is Strala Seattle.", "Tara Stiles __knowledge__ Strala Singapore, Strala Barcelona and Strala Tokyo opened in 2015.", "Essential health benefits __knowledge__ Essential health benefits (EHBs) have been defined since the 2010 United States Affordable Care Act as a set of benefits which Individually purchased health insurance in the United States and insurance plans in small group markets, both inside and outside of the Health Insurance Marketplace must cover for people.", "Essential health benefits __knowledge__ Exempt from the EHB requirement are large-group health plans, self-insured ERISA plans, and ERISA-governed multiemployer welfare arrangements not subject to state insurance law.", "Essential health benefits __knowledge__ The 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA) set forth the following ten categories of essential health benefits, at Section 1302(b)(1) of the ACA, codified at 42 U.S.C.", "Rāja yoga __knowledge__ In Sanskrit texts, Rāja yoga () refers to the goal of yoga (which is usually samadhi) and not a method of attaining it.", "Rāja yoga __knowledge__ The term also became a modern retronym, when in the 19th-century Swami Vivekananda equated raja yoga with the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali.", "Rāja yoga __knowledge__ Since then, Rāja yoga has variously referred to as \"royal yoga\", \"royal union\", \"sahaj marg\", \"classical yoga\", and \"aṣṭāṅga yoga\".", "Rāja yoga __knowledge__ Rāja (Sanskrit: राज) means \"chief, best of its kind\" or \"king\".", "Rāja yoga __knowledge__ Rāja yoga thus refers to \"chief, best of yoga\".", "Rāja yoga __knowledge__ The historical use of the term \"Rāja yoga\" is found in other contexts, quite different than its modern usage.", "Hatha Yoga Pradipika __knowledge__ The Hatha Yoga Pradīpikā ( or Light on Hatha Yoga) is a classic fifteenth-century Sanskrit manual on hatha yoga, written by \"Svāmi\" Svātmārāma, who connects the teaching's lineage to Matsyendranath of the Nathas.", "Hatha Yoga Pradipika __knowledge__ It is among the most influential surviving texts on hatha yoga.", "Hatha Yoga Pradipika __knowledge__ The \"Hatha Yoga Pradīpikā\" is also one of three classic texts on hatha yoga, alongside the \"Gheranda Samhita\" and the \"Shiva Samhita\".", "Hatha Yoga Pradipika __knowledge__ Because this work originated so long ago, different manuscripts offer various versions of its title.", "Hatha Yoga Pradipika __knowledge__ The database of the A.C. Woolner manuscript project at the Library of the University of Vienna gives the following variant titles, gleaned from different manuscript colophons: \"Haṭhayogapradīpikā\", \"Haṭhapradīpikā\", \"Haṭhapradī\", \"Hath-Pradipika\".", "History of India __knowledge__ The history of India includes the prehistoric settlements and societies in the Indian subcontinent; the advancement of civilisation from the Indus Valley Civilisation to the eventual blending of the Indo-Aryan culture to form the Vedic Civilisation; the rise of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism; the onset of a succession of powerful dynasties and empires for more than three millennia throughout various geographic areas of the subcontinent, including the growth of Muslim dominions during the Medieval period intertwined with Hindu powers; the advent of European traders and privateers, resulting in the establishment of British India; and the subsequent independence movement that led to the Partition of India and the creation of the Republic of India.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Hinduism is an Indian Dharma, or a way of life, widely practiced in South Asia.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Hinduism has been called the oldest religion in the world, and some practitioners and scholars refer to it as \"\", \"the eternal tradition,\" or the \"eternal way,\" beyond human history.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Scholars regard Hinduism as a fusion or synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions, with diverse roots and no founder.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ This \"Hindu synthesis\" started to develop between 500 BCE and 300 CE, following the Vedic period (1500 BCE to 500 BCE).", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Although Hinduism contains a broad range of philosophies, it is linked by shared concepts, recognisable rituals, cosmology, shared textual resources, and pilgrimage to sacred sites." ] ]

[ 2, 3, 10 ]

[ "I love Yoga. There are so many styles and practices. Do you practice Yoga?", "It originated in ancient India. There are even schools. The most well known kind is Hatha.", "Yoga originally was part of traditions and close to religion. Now it has become popular in the West as exercise. Stress relief is a huge benefit. Do you like to exercise?" ]

[ "Yoga", "Yoga", "Yoga" ]

[ "Southern Baptist Convention", "No what is it about", "Oh i see, i am a Christian too", "That is such a great number. Are you one of them?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ The Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) is a Christian denomination based in the United States.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ With more than 15 million members , it is the world's largest Baptist denomination, the largest Protestant denomination in the United States, and the second-largest Christian denomination in the United States after the Catholic Church.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ The word \"Southern\" in Southern Baptist Convention stems from it having been organized in 1845 at Augusta, Georgia, by Baptists in the Southern United States who split with northern Baptists over the issue of slavery, specifically whether Southern slave owners could serve as missionaries.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ After the American Civil War, another split occurred when most freedmen set up independent black congregations, regional associations, and state and national conventions, such as the National Baptist Convention, which became the second-largest Baptist convention by the end of the 19th century.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ Others joined new African-American denominations, chiefly the African Methodist Episcopal Church, which was established in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the early 19th century, as the first independent black denomination in the United States.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ Since the 1940s, the Southern Baptist Convention has shifted from some of its regional and historical identification." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ The Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) is a Christian denomination based in the United States.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ With more than 15 million members , it is the world's largest Baptist denomination, the largest Protestant denomination in the United States, and the second-largest Christian denomination in the United States after the Catholic Church.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ The word \"Southern\" in Southern Baptist Convention stems from it having been organized in 1845 at Augusta, Georgia, by Baptists in the Southern United States who split with northern Baptists over the issue of slavery, specifically whether Southern slave owners could serve as missionaries.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ After the American Civil War, another split occurred when most freedmen set up independent black congregations, regional associations, and state and national conventions, such as the National Baptist Convention, which became the second-largest Baptist convention by the end of the 19th century.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ Others joined new African-American denominations, chiefly the African Methodist Episcopal Church, which was established in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the early 19th century, as the first independent black denomination in the United States.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ Since the 1940s, the Southern Baptist Convention has shifted from some of its regional and historical identification.", "Swiss Bank Corporation __knowledge__ Swiss Bank Corporation (SBC) (German: \"Schweizerischer Bankverein\" (SBV), French: \"Société de Banque Suisse\" (SBS), Italian:\"Società di Banca Svizzera\") was a large integrated financial services company located in Switzerland.", "Swiss Bank Corporation __knowledge__ Prior to its merger, the bank was the third largest in Switzerland with over CHF300  billion of assets and CHF11.7 billion of equity.", "Swiss Bank Corporation __knowledge__ Throughout the 1990s, SBC engaged in a large growth initiative, shifting its focus from traditional commercial banking into investment banking, in an effort to match its larger Swiss rival Credit Suisse.", "Swiss Bank Corporation __knowledge__ As part of this strategy, SBC acquired US-based investment bank Dillon Read & Co. as well as London-based merchant bank S.G. Warburg in the mid-1990s.", "Southern Baptist Convention conservative resurgence __knowledge__ Beginning in 1960, the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) experienced an intense struggle for control of the organization.", "Southern Baptist Convention conservative resurgence __knowledge__ Its initiators called it the Conservative Resurgence while its detractors labeled it the Fundamentalist Takeover.", "Southern Baptist Convention conservative resurgence __knowledge__ It was launched with the charge that the seminaries and denominational agencies were dominated by liberals.", "Southern Baptist Convention conservative resurgence __knowledge__ The movement was primarily aimed at reorienting the denomination away from a liberal trajectory and towards an unambiguous affirmation of biblical inerrancy.", "Southern Baptist Convention conservative resurgence __knowledge__ It was achieved by the systematic election, beginning in 1979, of conservative individuals to lead the Southern Baptist Convention.", "Session border controller __knowledge__ A session border controller (SBC) is a device regularly deployed in Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) networks to exert control over the signaling and usually also the media streams involved in setting up, conducting, and tearing down telephone calls or other interactive media communications.", "Session border controller __knowledge__ Early deployments of SBCs were focused on the borders between two service provider networks in a peering environment.", "Session border controller __knowledge__ This role has now expanded to include significant deployments between a service provider's access network and a backbone network to provide service to residential and/or enterprise customers.", "Curtiss SBC Helldiver __knowledge__ The Curtiss SBC \"Helldiver\" was a two-seat scout bomber and dive bomber built by the Curtiss-Wright Corporation.", "Curtiss SBC Helldiver __knowledge__ It was the last military biplane procured by the United States Navy.", "Curtiss SBC Helldiver __knowledge__ Delivered in 1937, it became obsolete even before World War II and was kept well away from combat with Axis fighters.", "Curtiss SBC Helldiver __knowledge__ There was controversy in the United States Navy's Bureau of Aeronautics (BuAer) in the early 1930s regarding two-seat fighter planes, monoplanes and the retractable undercarriage In 1931, the Navy issued Design Specification No.", "Curtiss SBC Helldiver __knowledge__ 113, which detailed a requirement for a high-performance fighter with fixed undercarriage to be powered by the Wright R-1510 or Pratt & Whitney’s R-1535 radial engine.", "NAT traversal with session border controllers __knowledge__ network address translators (NAT) are used to overcome the lack of IPv4 address availability by hiding an enterprise or even an operator’s network behind one or few IP addresses.", "NAT traversal with session border controllers __knowledge__ The devices behind the NAT use private IP addresses that are not routable in the public Internet.", "NAT traversal with session border controllers __knowledge__ The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) has established itself as the de facto standard for voice over IP (VoIP) communication.", "NAT traversal with session border controllers __knowledge__ In order to establish a call, a caller sends a SIP message, which contains its own IP address.", "NAT traversal with session border controllers __knowledge__ The callee is supposed to reply back with a SIP message destined to the IP addresses included in the received SIP message.", "UBS __knowledge__ UBS AG is a Swiss global financial services company, incorporated in the Canton of Zurich, and co-headquartered in Zürich and Basel.", "UBS __knowledge__ The company provides wealth management, asset management, and investment banking services for private, corporate, and institutional clients worldwide, and is generally considered to be a bulge bracket bank.", "UBS __knowledge__ In Switzerland, these services are also offered to retail clients.", "UBS __knowledge__ The name \"UBS\" was originally an abbreviation for the Union Bank of Switzerland, but it ceased to be a representational abbreviation after the bank's merger with the Swiss Bank Corporation in 1998." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ The Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) is a Christian denomination based in the United States.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ With more than 15 million members , it is the world's largest Baptist denomination, the largest Protestant denomination in the United States, and the second-largest Christian denomination in the United States after the Catholic Church.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ The word \"Southern\" in Southern Baptist Convention stems from it having been organized in 1845 at Augusta, Georgia, by Baptists in the Southern United States who split with northern Baptists over the issue of slavery, specifically whether Southern slave owners could serve as missionaries.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ After the American Civil War, another split occurred when most freedmen set up independent black congregations, regional associations, and state and national conventions, such as the National Baptist Convention, which became the second-largest Baptist convention by the end of the 19th century.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ Others joined new African-American denominations, chiefly the African Methodist Episcopal Church, which was established in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the early 19th century, as the first independent black denomination in the United States.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ Since the 1940s, the Southern Baptist Convention has shifted from some of its regional and historical identification.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The Bell OH-58 Kiowa is a family of single-engine, single-rotor, military helicopters used for observation, utility, and direct fire support.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ Bell Helicopter manufactured the OH-58 for the United States Army based on its Model 206A JetRanger helicopter.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 was in continuous U.S. Army service from 1969 to 2017, when it was retired and replaced in this role by the Boeing AH-64 Apache.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The latest model, the \"OH-58D Kiowa Warrior\", is primarily operated in an armed reconnaissance role in support of ground troops.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 has been exported to Austria, Canada, Croatia, the Dominican Republic, Taiwan, Saudi Arabia, and Greece.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ It is an important but usually minor constituent of water.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile and a catalyst.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solution, liberating solvated hydroxide ions.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ Sodium hydroxide is a multi-million-ton per annum commodity chemical.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ A hydroxide attached to a strongly electropositive center may itself ionize, liberating a hydrogen cation (H), making the parent compound an acid.", "David Oh __knowledge__ David H. Oh is a member of the City Council of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "David Oh __knowledge__ Oh was elected in November 2011 and re-elected in November 2015, and was the first Asian-American elected to public office in Philadelphia.", "David Oh __knowledge__ He is the only U.S. military veteran currently serving on the city council.", "David Oh __knowledge__ Oh was born in Philadelphia.", "David Oh __knowledge__ He has lived on the same block in Southwest Philadelphia since 1963.", "David Oh __knowledge__ Oh's father, the late Rev.", "David Oh __knowledge__ Ki Hang Oh, founded Philadelphia’s first Korean-American church in 1953 and served as its Pastor until his death in 2006.", "David Oh __knowledge__ In 1958, Oh’s cousin, In Ho Oh, a graduate student at the University of Pennsylvania, was murdered by a group of teenage boys while mailing a letter to his parents.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun (Korean: 오은선, Hanja: 吳銀善, born March 5, 1966) is a South Korean female mountaineer.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ She is the first Korean woman to climb the Seven Summits.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ On April 27, 2010, she reached the Annapurna summit.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh claimed she had climbed all fourteen eight-thousanders, which would have made her the first woman to achieve this feat, but her claim to have ascended Kangchenjunga was disputed by multiple experts.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun later admitted that she had to stop a few hundred meters before the Kangchenjunga summit — therefore the Korean Alpine Federation ruled that Oh did not climb that peak, and the mountaineering site ExplorersWeb considered that Edurne Pasaban is the first woman to have successfully climbed all fourteen peaks.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ There is also a four-episode OVA sequel.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ \"Anime Midstream\", Inc. announced in December, 2008, that it acquired the license for and planned to release the anime series Matchless Raijin-Oh in the U.S. sometime in 2009 as their first anime release.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The company began selling the first volume of the series direct from their website, as well as several other online retailers as of late December, 2009.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The first volume contained episodes 1-5.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The second volume, containing episodes 6-10, was released in September 2010, and translated the title beginning with this volume (and current printings of the first volume are now also marketed under that title).", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Two anime adaptations were produced; one by Toei Animation, which aired from April 4, 1998 to October 10, 1998, and another produced by NAS and animated by Studio Gallop titled \"Yu-Gi-Oh!", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Duel Monsters\", which aired between April 2000 and September 2004.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ The manga series has spawned a franchise that includes multiple spin-off manga and anime series, a trading card game, and numerous video games.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Most of the incarnations of the franchise involve the fictional trading card game known as \"Duel Monsters\", where each player uses cards to \"duel\" each other in a mock battle of fantasy \"monsters\".", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ This forms the basis for the real life \"Yu-Gi-Oh!", "Sadaharu Oh __knowledge__ Sadaharu Oh (Japanese: , \"Ō Sadaharu\"; born May 20, 1940), also known as Wang Chen-chih (), is a retired Japanese–Chinese baseball player and manager who played 22 seasons for the Yomiuri Giants in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) from 1959 to 1980.", "Sadaharu Oh __knowledge__ Oh holds the world lifetime home run record, having hit 868 home runs during his professional career.", "Sadaharu Oh __knowledge__ He established many NPB batting records, including runs batted in (RBIs) (2,170), slugging percentage (.634), bases on balls (2,390), and on-base plus slugging (OPS) (1.080).", "Sadaharu Oh __knowledge__ In 1977, Sadaharu Oh became the first recipient of the People's Honour Award.", "Baptists __knowledge__ Baptists are Christians distinguished by baptizing professing believers only (believer's baptism, as opposed to infant baptism), and doing so by complete immersion (as opposed to affusion or sprinkling).", "Baptists __knowledge__ Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the tenets of soul competency/liberty, salvation through faith alone, scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice, and the autonomy of the local congregation.", "Baptists __knowledge__ Baptists generally recognize two ordinances, baptism and the Lord's supper.", "Baptists __knowledge__ Baptist churches are widely considered to be Protestant, though some Baptists disavow this identity.", "Baptists __knowledge__ Diverse from their beginning, those identifying as Baptists today differ widely from one another in what they believe, how they worship, their attitudes toward other Christians, and their understanding of what is important in Christian discipleship.", "Southern Baptist Convention conservative resurgence __knowledge__ Beginning in 1960, the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) experienced an intense struggle for control of the organization.", "Southern Baptist Convention conservative resurgence __knowledge__ Its initiators called it the Conservative Resurgence while its detractors labeled it the Fundamentalist Takeover.", "Southern Baptist Convention conservative resurgence __knowledge__ It was launched with the charge that the seminaries and denominational agencies were dominated by liberals.", "Southern Baptist Convention conservative resurgence __knowledge__ The movement was primarily aimed at reorienting the denomination away from a liberal trajectory and towards an unambiguous affirmation of biblical inerrancy.", "Southern Baptist Convention conservative resurgence __knowledge__ It was achieved by the systematic election, beginning in 1979, of conservative individuals to lead the Southern Baptist Convention.", "National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. __knowledge__ The National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. (or simply National Baptist Convention) is the largest predominantly African-American Christian denomination in the United States.", "National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. __knowledge__ It is headquartered at the Baptist World Center in Nashville, Tennessee.", "National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. __knowledge__ The denomination claims approximately 31,000 congregations.", "National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. __knowledge__ The Convention reports having an estimated 7.5 million members.", "National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. __knowledge__ The root of cooperative efforts began in the Antebellum period.", "National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. __knowledge__ Both free blacks and slaves were welcomed into the Baptist Church by missionaries in the First Great Awakening, and the second Awakening in the early 19th century brought in more members.", "Bellevue Baptist Church __knowledge__ Bellevue Baptist Church is a large Southern Baptist megachurch in the Cordova area of Memphis, Tennessee, United States.", "Bellevue Baptist Church __knowledge__ Bellevue is the largest church in Memphis and is one of the leading churches in the Southern Baptist Convention.", "Bellevue Baptist Church __knowledge__ Bellevue's goals are to \"Love God, Love People, Share Jesus, and Make Disciples.\"", "Bellevue Baptist Church __knowledge__ The church's head pastor has been Dr. Steve Gaines since 2005.", "Bellevue Baptist Church __knowledge__ Bellevue Baptist was founded in 1903 by Central Baptist Church as a mission church on the outskirts of Memphis.", "Bellevue Baptist Church __knowledge__ With a small $1,000 gift from member Fannie Jobe, Pastor Thomas Potts led the congregation to build a one-room stone chapel at the corner of Bellevue and Erskine Avenues.", "Baptists in the United States __knowledge__ There are about 33 million self-professed Baptists in the United States who make up a significant portion of evangelicals in the United States and approximately one third of all Protestants in the United States; at the same time this also makes them the second largest religious grouping following Roman Catholics in the United States.", "Baptists in the United States __knowledge__ About 16 million Baptists belong to congregations affiliated with Southern Baptist Convention, the largest such confederation of Baptists.", "Baptists in the United States __knowledge__ More than 40% of all Baptists worldwide reside in the United States.", "Baptists in the United States __knowledge__ The largest denomination among African Americans is the National Baptist Convention, with 7.5 million members, along with the smaller but more liberal Progressive National Baptist Convention (PNBC), with over 2000 churches and a total membership of 2.5 million.", "American Baptist College __knowledge__ American Baptist College (also known as American Baptist Theological Seminary or ABTS) is a small, predominantly African American liberal arts college located in Nashville, Tennessee.", "American Baptist College __knowledge__ Founded in 1924, its predecessor in black Baptist education was Roger Williams University, a Nashville college begun in the late-19th century and closed in the early 20th century (Its campus is now occupied by Peabody College of Vanderbilt University).", "American Baptist College __knowledge__ Upon full accreditation by the American Association of Bible Colleges, ABTS officially dropped use of the term \"Theological Seminary\" and renamed itself American Baptist College of ABTS." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ The Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) is a Christian denomination based in the United States.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ With more than 15 million members , it is the world's largest Baptist denomination, the largest Protestant denomination in the United States, and the second-largest Christian denomination in the United States after the Catholic Church.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ The word \"Southern\" in Southern Baptist Convention stems from it having been organized in 1845 at Augusta, Georgia, by Baptists in the Southern United States who split with northern Baptists over the issue of slavery, specifically whether Southern slave owners could serve as missionaries.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ After the American Civil War, another split occurred when most freedmen set up independent black congregations, regional associations, and state and national conventions, such as the National Baptist Convention, which became the second-largest Baptist convention by the end of the 19th century.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ Others joined new African-American denominations, chiefly the African Methodist Episcopal Church, which was established in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the early 19th century, as the first independent black denomination in the United States.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ Since the 1940s, the Southern Baptist Convention has shifted from some of its regional and historical identification.", "Culture of Romania __knowledge__ The culture of Romania is a unique culture, which is the product of its geography and its distinct historical evolution.", "Culture of Romania __knowledge__ It is theorized and speculated that Romanians, (Proto-Romanians, including Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, and Istro-Romanians) are the combination of descendants of Roman colonists and people indigenous to the region who were Romanized.", "Culture of Romania __knowledge__ The Dacian people, one of the major indigenous peoples of Central and Southeast Europe are one of the predecessors of the Proto-Romanians.", "Culture of Romania __knowledge__ It is believed that a mixture of Romans, Dacians, Slavs and Illyrians are the predecessors of the Romanians, Aromanians (Vlachs), Megleno-Romanians, and Istro-Romanians.", "Romanesque architecture __knowledge__ Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe characterized by semi-circular arches.", "Romanesque architecture __knowledge__ There is no consensus for the beginning date of the Romanesque style, with proposals ranging from the 6th to the 11th century, this later date being the most commonly held.", "Romanesque architecture __knowledge__ It developed in the 12th century into the Gothic style, marked by pointed arches.", "Romanesque architecture __knowledge__ Examples of Romanesque architecture can be found across the continent, making it the first pan-European architectural style since Imperial Roman architecture.", "Romanesque architecture __knowledge__ The Romanesque style in England is traditionally referred to as Norman architecture.", "Jean Delville __knowledge__ Jean Delville (19 January 1867, Leuven – 19 January 1953, Forest, Brussels) was a Belgian symbolist painter, author, poet, polemicist, teacher, and Theosophist.", "Jean Delville __knowledge__ Delville was the leading exponent of the Belgian Idealist movement in art during the 1890s.", "Jean Delville __knowledge__ He held, throughout his life, the belief that art should be the expression of a higher spiritual truth and that it should be based on the principle of Ideal, or spiritual Beauty.", "Jean Delville __knowledge__ He executed a great number of paintings during his active career from 1887 to the end of the second World War (many now lost or destroyed) expressing his Idealist aesthetic.", "Dutch Golden Age painting __knowledge__ Dutch Golden Age painting is the painting of the Dutch Golden Age, a period in Dutch history roughly spanning the 17th century, during and after the later part of the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) for Dutch independence.", "Dutch Golden Age painting __knowledge__ The new Dutch Republic was the most prosperous nation in Europe and led European trade, science, and art.", "Dutch Golden Age painting __knowledge__ The northern Netherlandish provinces that made up the new state had traditionally been less important artistic centres than cities in Flanders in the south.", "Dutch Golden Age painting __knowledge__ The upheavals and large-scale transfers of population of the war, and the sharp break with the old monarchist and Catholic cultural traditions, meant that Dutch art had to reinvent itself entirely.", "Färnebofjärden National Park __knowledge__ Färnebofjärden National Park () is a Swedish national park traversed by the river Dalälven, about north of Stockholm.", "Färnebofjärden National Park __knowledge__ It covers , of which aquatic, on the frontier between the counties of Dalarna and Gävleborg.", "Färnebofjärden National Park __knowledge__ After the retreat of the ice sheet that covered the region after the last ice age, the river found itself rerouted by an esker onto a plain uniquely ribbed by the ridges of other eskers, where it formed a succession of rapids and wide bays (called fjärdar), which the river inundates during the spring floods.", "Färnebofjärden National Park __knowledge__ This particular hydrography, along with the park's proximity to the ecological frontier between the north and the south, has favored the development of a fauna and flora of great biodiversity.", "Yaroslavl __knowledge__ Yaroslavl () is a city and the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located northeast of Moscow.", "Yaroslavl __knowledge__ The historic part of the city, a World Heritage Site, is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Kotorosl Rivers.", "Yaroslavl __knowledge__ It is one of the Golden Ring cities, a group of historic cities northeast of Moscow that have played an important role in Russian history.", "Yaroslavl __knowledge__ Population: The city lies in the eastern portion of Yaroslavl Oblast.", "Yaroslavl __knowledge__ The nearest large towns are Tutayev ( to the northwest), Gavrilov-Yam ( to the south), and Nerekhta ( to the southeast).", "Yaroslavl __knowledge__ The historic center of Yaroslavl lies to the north of the mouth of the Kotorosl River on the right bank of the larger Volga River.", "History of the Jews in Brody __knowledge__ The Jewish community of Brody (district city in Lviv region of western Ukraine) was one of the oldest and most well-known Jewish communities in the western part of Ukraine (and formerly in Austrian Empire / Poland up to 1939).", "History of the Jews in Brody __knowledge__ Jewish community of Brody perished in the Holocaust in 1942–1943 and is nomore today.", "History of the Jews in Brody __knowledge__ During the 19th century, Brody was the second largest city in East Galicia (after Lviv (Lemberg)), with the highest proportion of the Jewish population (88%) among Eastern European cities.", "History of the Jews in Brody __knowledge__ \"A city, where wisdom and wealth, Torah and understanding, commerce and faith are united.\"", "History of the Jews in Brody __knowledge__ \"Nachman Krochmal in a letter to Isaac Erter\" When one speaks about any major sort of modern scholarly or historiographic activities in Eastern Galicia that started with Haskalah movement in this area, such activities are bound to three exclusive centers of the Galician Enlightenment, namely: Lviv, Ternopil and Brody.", "Baptists __knowledge__ Baptists are Christians distinguished by baptizing professing believers only (believer's baptism, as opposed to infant baptism), and doing so by complete immersion (as opposed to affusion or sprinkling).", "Baptists __knowledge__ Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the tenets of soul competency/liberty, salvation through faith alone, scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice, and the autonomy of the local congregation.", "Baptists __knowledge__ Baptists generally recognize two ordinances, baptism and the Lord's supper.", "Baptists __knowledge__ Baptist churches are widely considered to be Protestant, though some Baptists disavow this identity.", "Baptists __knowledge__ Diverse from their beginning, those identifying as Baptists today differ widely from one another in what they believe, how they worship, their attitudes toward other Christians, and their understanding of what is important in Christian discipleship.", "Bellevue Baptist Church __knowledge__ Bellevue Baptist Church is a large Southern Baptist megachurch in the Cordova area of Memphis, Tennessee, United States.", "Bellevue Baptist Church __knowledge__ Bellevue is the largest church in Memphis and is one of the leading churches in the Southern Baptist Convention.", "Bellevue Baptist Church __knowledge__ Bellevue's goals are to \"Love God, Love People, Share Jesus, and Make Disciples.\"", "Bellevue Baptist Church __knowledge__ The church's head pastor has been Dr. Steve Gaines since 2005.", "Bellevue Baptist Church __knowledge__ Bellevue Baptist was founded in 1903 by Central Baptist Church as a mission church on the outskirts of Memphis.", "Bellevue Baptist Church __knowledge__ With a small $1,000 gift from member Fannie Jobe, Pastor Thomas Potts led the congregation to build a one-room stone chapel at the corner of Bellevue and Erskine Avenues.", "Southern Baptist Convention conservative resurgence __knowledge__ Beginning in 1960, the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) experienced an intense struggle for control of the organization.", "Southern Baptist Convention conservative resurgence __knowledge__ Its initiators called it the Conservative Resurgence while its detractors labeled it the Fundamentalist Takeover.", "Southern Baptist Convention conservative resurgence __knowledge__ It was launched with the charge that the seminaries and denominational agencies were dominated by liberals.", "Southern Baptist Convention conservative resurgence __knowledge__ The movement was primarily aimed at reorienting the denomination away from a liberal trajectory and towards an unambiguous affirmation of biblical inerrancy.", "Southern Baptist Convention conservative resurgence __knowledge__ It was achieved by the systematic election, beginning in 1979, of conservative individuals to lead the Southern Baptist Convention.", "American Baptist College __knowledge__ American Baptist College (also known as American Baptist Theological Seminary or ABTS) is a small, predominantly African American liberal arts college located in Nashville, Tennessee.", "American Baptist College __knowledge__ Founded in 1924, its predecessor in black Baptist education was Roger Williams University, a Nashville college begun in the late-19th century and closed in the early 20th century (Its campus is now occupied by Peabody College of Vanderbilt University).", "American Baptist College __knowledge__ Upon full accreditation by the American Association of Bible Colleges, ABTS officially dropped use of the term \"Theological Seminary\" and renamed itself American Baptist College of ABTS.", "National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. __knowledge__ The National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. (or simply National Baptist Convention) is the largest predominantly African-American Christian denomination in the United States.", "National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. __knowledge__ It is headquartered at the Baptist World Center in Nashville, Tennessee.", "National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. __knowledge__ The denomination claims approximately 31,000 congregations.", "National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. __knowledge__ The Convention reports having an estimated 7.5 million members.", "National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. __knowledge__ The root of cooperative efforts began in the Antebellum period.", "National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. __knowledge__ Both free blacks and slaves were welcomed into the Baptist Church by missionaries in the First Great Awakening, and the second Awakening in the early 19th century brought in more members.", "Baptists in the United States __knowledge__ There are about 33 million self-professed Baptists in the United States who make up a significant portion of evangelicals in the United States and approximately one third of all Protestants in the United States; at the same time this also makes them the second largest religious grouping following Roman Catholics in the United States.", "Baptists in the United States __knowledge__ About 16 million Baptists belong to congregations affiliated with Southern Baptist Convention, the largest such confederation of Baptists.", "Baptists in the United States __knowledge__ More than 40% of all Baptists worldwide reside in the United States.", "Baptists in the United States __knowledge__ The largest denomination among African Americans is the National Baptist Convention, with 7.5 million members, along with the smaller but more liberal Progressive National Baptist Convention (PNBC), with over 2000 churches and a total membership of 2.5 million." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 2, 2 ]

[ "Are you familiar with SBC?", "The Southern Baptist Convention is a Christian denomination ", "Southern Baptist Convention has 15,000,000 members worldwide", "I am Catholic but my daughter is Protestan" ]

[ "Southern Baptist Convention", "Southern Baptist Convention", "Southern Baptist Convention", "Southern Baptist Convention" ]

[ "Homebrewing\nWhat is Home brewing ", "Do yo brew your own beer or are you a moonshiner? ", "Really that is cool", "I like beer" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ Homebrewing is the brewing of beer on a small scale for personal, non-commercial purposes.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ Beer has been brewed on the domestic level since its advent, thousands of years prior to its commercial production, although its legality has varied according to local regulation.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ Beer has been brewed domestically throughout its 7,000-year history, beginning in the Neolithic period in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), Egypt and China.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ It seems to have first developed as thick beers; during this time meads, fruit wines and rice wines were also developed.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ Women brewers dominated alcohol production on every occupied continent until commercialization and industrialization of brewing occurred.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ The tradition of brewing being in the domain of women stemmed from the fact that brewing was a by-product of gathering, and often considered a part of baking.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ The Greeks and Romans cultivated both grape wine and beer, to a lesser extent.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ Roman women often directed production in larger households while the labor was performed by slaves.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ By the Tang dynasty, homebrewing seems to have been a familiar domestic chore in China, albeit the lower classes had to make do with poorly-filtered mash.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ Laws against making alcohol were enacted and repealed between the Zhou and Ming dynasties.", "Charlie Papazian __knowledge__ Charles N. \"Charlie\" Papazian (born January 23 ca.", "Charlie Papazian __knowledge__ 1950) is an American nuclear engineer, brewer and author.", "Charlie Papazian __knowledge__ He founded the Association of Brewers and the Great American Beer Festival, and wrote \"The Complete Joy of Home Brewing\" (1984).", "Charlie Papazian __knowledge__ He is the longtime former president (1979-2016) of the Brewers Association.", "Charlie Papazian __knowledge__ He is also the creator of the National Pie Day, a celebration of pies which is celebrated on January 23, Papazian's birthday.", "Charlie Papazian __knowledge__ Papazian, an American of Armenian descent attended the University of Virginia, graduating in 1972 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Nuclear Engineering.", "Charlie Papazian __knowledge__ He lives in the Boulder, Colorado area with his wife Sandra.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Beer in England has been brewed for hundreds of years.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ As a beer brewing country, England is known for its top fermented cask beer (also called real ale) which finishes maturing in the cellar of the pub rather than at the brewery and is served with only natural carbonation.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ English beer styles include bitter, mild, brown ale and old ale.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Stout, porter and India Pale Ale were also originally brewed in London.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Lager style beer has increased considerably in popularity since the mid 20th century.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Other modern developments include consolidation of large brewers into multinational corporations; growth of beer consumerism; expansion of microbreweries and increased interest in bottle conditioned beers.", "Midwest Supplies __knowledge__ Midwest Supplies is the largest home brewing and wine making company in America.", "Midwest Supplies __knowledge__ Established in 1995, the privately held company specializes in home brewing and wine making, including extract brewing and all grain brewing.", "Midwest Supplies __knowledge__ The company is based near Minneapolis, Minnesota.", "Midwest Supplies __knowledge__ Midwest Supplies has 80 employees who are experienced brewers and wine makers.", "Midwest Supplies __knowledge__ Many of them also are involved in soda making, cheese making, sake making, mead making, and liqueurs.", "Midwest Supplies __knowledge__ The company sells ingredients and equipment required for making beer, wine and cheese at home.", "Midwest Supplies __knowledge__ It also hosts an online forums where its share recipes and tips on home brewing and wine making.", "GABS Hottest 100 Aussie Craft Beers of the Year __knowledge__ The GABS 'Hottest 100 Aussie Craft Beers of the Year' poll began as a bit of fun in January 2008 at The Local Taphouse beer bars in Melbourne and Sydney, the home of the very first GABS beer festival in 2011.", "GABS Hottest 100 Aussie Craft Beers of the Year __knowledge__ Staff and customers voted for their favourite five Australian craft beers of the year and the resultant list of 100 beers was jokingly called the \"hottest 100 Aussie craft beers of the year\" after the famous Triple J Hottest 100 songs annual poll.", "GABS Hottest 100 Aussie Craft Beers of the Year __knowledge__ Now supported by beer publications Crafty Pint and Australian Brews News, the annual beer poll attracts thousands of beer fans around the country who vote for their favourite Australian craft beers each year.", "Sake __knowledge__ , also spelled \"saké\", ( or American English ) also referred to as a Japanese rice wine, is made by fermenting rice that has been polished to remove the bran.", "Sake __knowledge__ Unlike wine, in which alcohol is produced by fermenting sugar that is naturally present in fruit, typically grapes, sake is produced by a brewing process more akin to that of beer, where starch is converted into sugars which ferment into alcohol.", "Sake __knowledge__ The brewing process for \"sake\" differs from the process for beer in that, for beer, the conversion from starch to sugar and from sugar to alcohol occurs in two distinct steps.", "Sake __knowledge__ Like other rice wines, when \"sake\" is brewed, these conversions occur simultaneously.", "Beer in San Diego County, California __knowledge__ San Diego County, California, has been called \"the Craft Beer Capital of America.\"", "Beer in San Diego County, California __knowledge__ As of 2016 the county was home to 125 licensed craft breweries – the most of any region in the United States.", "Beer in San Diego County, California __knowledge__ Based on 2016 sales volume, three San Diego County breweries – Stone, Green Flash, and Karl Strauss – rank among the 50 largest craft brewers in the United States.", "Beer in San Diego County, California __knowledge__ San Diego County brewers pioneered the specialty beer style known as Double India Pale Ale (Double IPA), sometimes called San Diego Pale Ale.", "Beer in San Diego County, California __knowledge__ Its beer culture is a draw for tourism, particularly during major festivals such as San Diego Beer Week and the San Diego International Beer Competition." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ Homebrewing is the brewing of beer on a small scale for personal, non-commercial purposes.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ Beer has been brewed on the domestic level since its advent, thousands of years prior to its commercial production, although its legality has varied according to local regulation.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ Beer has been brewed domestically throughout its 7,000-year history, beginning in the Neolithic period in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), Egypt and China.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ It seems to have first developed as thick beers; during this time meads, fruit wines and rice wines were also developed.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ Women brewers dominated alcohol production on every occupied continent until commercialization and industrialization of brewing occurred.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ The tradition of brewing being in the domain of women stemmed from the fact that brewing was a by-product of gathering, and often considered a part of baking.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ The Greeks and Romans cultivated both grape wine and beer, to a lesser extent.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ Roman women often directed production in larger households while the labor was performed by slaves.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ By the Tang dynasty, homebrewing seems to have been a familiar domestic chore in China, albeit the lower classes had to make do with poorly-filtered mash.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ Laws against making alcohol were enacted and repealed between the Zhou and Ming dynasties.", "Shmaltz Brewing Company __knowledge__ Shmaltz Brewing Company is an American Craft brewing company located in Clifton Park, New York, US, and produces the award winning line of HE'BREW Beers and formerly Coney Island Beer before its acquisition by Boston Beer Co in 2013.", "Shmaltz Brewing Company __knowledge__ Ranked in 2013 as one of the \"Top 100 Brewers in the World\" by RateBeer.com, Shmaltz won 9 Gold and 5 Silver Medals in the World Beer Championships in 2012.", "Shmaltz Brewing Company __knowledge__ A recipient of the \"Distinguished Business Award\" by the Brooklyn Chamber of Commerce, Shmaltz was also included in the \"Top 50 Fastest Growing Bay Area Companies\" by San Francisco Business Times.", "Shmaltz Brewing Company __knowledge__ Founder and owner Jeremy Cowan established the company in San Francisco in 1996 with the first 100 cases of He'brew Beer hand bottled and delivered throughout the Bay Area in his Grandmother’s Volvo.", "GABS Hottest 100 Aussie Craft Beers of the Year __knowledge__ The GABS 'Hottest 100 Aussie Craft Beers of the Year' poll began as a bit of fun in January 2008 at The Local Taphouse beer bars in Melbourne and Sydney, the home of the very first GABS beer festival in 2011.", "GABS Hottest 100 Aussie Craft Beers of the Year __knowledge__ Staff and customers voted for their favourite five Australian craft beers of the year and the resultant list of 100 beers was jokingly called the \"hottest 100 Aussie craft beers of the year\" after the famous Triple J Hottest 100 songs annual poll.", "GABS Hottest 100 Aussie Craft Beers of the Year __knowledge__ Now supported by beer publications Crafty Pint and Australian Brews News, the annual beer poll attracts thousands of beer fans around the country who vote for their favourite Australian craft beers each year.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Beer in England has been brewed for hundreds of years.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ As a beer brewing country, England is known for its top fermented cask beer (also called real ale) which finishes maturing in the cellar of the pub rather than at the brewery and is served with only natural carbonation.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ English beer styles include bitter, mild, brown ale and old ale.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Stout, porter and India Pale Ale were also originally brewed in London.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Lager style beer has increased considerably in popularity since the mid 20th century.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Other modern developments include consolidation of large brewers into multinational corporations; growth of beer consumerism; expansion of microbreweries and increased interest in bottle conditioned beers.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is brewed from cereal grains—most commonly from malted barley, though wheat, maize (corn), and rice are also used.", "Beer __knowledge__ During the brewing process, fermentation of the starch sugars in the wort produces ethanol and carbonation in the resulting beer.", "Beer __knowledge__ Most modern beer is brewed with hops, which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilizing agent.", "Beer __knowledge__ Other flavouring agents such as gruit, herbs, or fruits may be included or used instead of hops.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ Beer in Canada was introduced by European settlers in the seventeenth century.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The first commercial brewery was La Brasseries due Roy [sic] started by New France Intendant Jean Talon, in Québec City in 1668.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ Many commercial brewers thrived until Prohibition in Canada.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The provincial and federal governments' attempt to eliminate \"intoxicating\" beverages led to the closing of nearly three quarters of breweries between 1878 and 1928.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ It was only in the second half of the twentieth century that a significant number of new breweries opened up.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The Canadian Beer industry now plays an important role in Canadian identity, though globalization of the brewing industry has seen the major players in Canada acquired by, or merged with, foreign companies, notably its three largest beer producers, Labatt, Molson and Sleeman.", "Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless __knowledge__ Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless (Brew MP, Brew, or BREW) is an application development platform created by Qualcomm, originally for code division multiple access (CDMA) mobile phones, featuring third-party applications such as mobile games.", "Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless __knowledge__ It is offered in some feature phones (mostly with the similar specifications of a mid to high-end mobile phones) but not in smartphones.", "Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless __knowledge__ Developed in 1999, as a platform for wireless applications on CDMA-based mobile phones, it debuted in September 2001.", "Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless __knowledge__ As a software platform that can download and run small programs for playing games, sending messages, and sharing photos, the main advantage of Brew MP is that the application developers can easily port their applications among all Brew MP devices by providing a standardized set of application programming interfaces.", "Hibernia Brewing __knowledge__ Hibernia Brewing Ltd. was an American brewery company, the successor firm to the Walter Brewing Company, located in Eau Claire, Wisconsin.", "Hibernia Brewing __knowledge__ Under the leadership of Michael Healy, president and chief stockholder of Hibernia, the brewery introduced several specialty brews considered innovative for their time and became one of the first producers in the American Midwest of what now are considered to be craft beers and ales.", "Hibernia Brewing __knowledge__ At its peak, Hibernia produced over 30,000 barrels of beer per year, employed about 50 workers, and had a market range that included Minneapolis–Saint Paul, St. Louis, Missouri, and Omaha, Nebraska, with success also in Denver and Boulder, Colorado to the west and south; and Chicago, Milwaukee, and suburban Cleveland, Ohio to the east.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ Moonshine is a generic term for distilled alcoholic beverages made throughout the globe from indigenous ingredients reflecting the customs, tastes, and raw materials for fermentation available in each region.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ The term commonly applies to small-scale production, which is often illegal or tightly regulated in many countries.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ Zarbali is a moonshine still, a type of distilled alcoholic beverage supposedly made from fermented raisins.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ In Albania, moonshine (Raki) is the primary alcoholic beverage consumed on daily basis.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ It is made from different fruits, usually grapes, but also plums, apples, blackberries, and walnuts.", "Prohibition in the United States __knowledge__ Prohibition in the United States was a nationwide constitutional ban on the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages from 1920 to 1933.", "Prohibition in the United States __knowledge__ During the 19th century, alcoholism, family violence, and saloon-based political corruption prompted activists, led by pietistic Protestants, to end the alcoholic beverage trade to cure the ill society and weaken the political opposition.", "Prohibition in the United States __knowledge__ One result was that many communities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries introduced alcohol prohibition, with the subsequent enforcement in law becoming a hotly debated issue.", "Prohibition in the United States __knowledge__ Prohibition supporters, called \"drys\", presented it as a victory for public morals and health.", "Microbrewery __knowledge__ A microbrewery or craft brewery is a brewery that produces small amounts of beer (or sometimes root beer), typically much smaller than large-scale corporate breweries, and is independently owned.", "Microbrewery __knowledge__ Such breweries are generally characterized by their emphasis on quality, flavour and brewing technique.", "Microbrewery __knowledge__ The microbrewing movement began in the United Kingdom in the 1970s although traditional artisanal brewing existed in Europe for centuries and subsequently spread to other countries.", "Microbrewery __knowledge__ As the movement grew and some breweries expanded their production and distribution, the more encompassing concept of craft brewing emerged.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ Beer in the United States is manufactured by more than 3,000 breweries, which range in size from industry giants to brew pubs and microbreweries.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ The United States produced 196 million barrels () of beer in 2012, and consumes roughly of beer per capita annually.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ In 2011, the United States was ranked fifteenth in the world in per capita consumption, while total consumption was second only to China.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ Although beer was a part of colonial life in the United States, the passing of the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1919 resulted in the prohibition of alcoholic beverage sales, forcing nearly all American breweries to close or switch to producing non-alcoholic products." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ Homebrewing is the brewing of beer on a small scale for personal, non-commercial purposes.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ Beer has been brewed on the domestic level since its advent, thousands of years prior to its commercial production, although its legality has varied according to local regulation.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ Beer has been brewed domestically throughout its 7,000-year history, beginning in the Neolithic period in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), Egypt and China.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ It seems to have first developed as thick beers; during this time meads, fruit wines and rice wines were also developed.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ Women brewers dominated alcohol production on every occupied continent until commercialization and industrialization of brewing occurred.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ The tradition of brewing being in the domain of women stemmed from the fact that brewing was a by-product of gathering, and often considered a part of baking.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ The Greeks and Romans cultivated both grape wine and beer, to a lesser extent.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ Roman women often directed production in larger households while the labor was performed by slaves.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ By the Tang dynasty, homebrewing seems to have been a familiar domestic chore in China, albeit the lower classes had to make do with poorly-filtered mash.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ Laws against making alcohol were enacted and repealed between the Zhou and Ming dynasties.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Coolness is an aesthetic of attitude, behavior, comportment, appearance and style which is generally admired.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Because of the varied and changing connotations of cool, as well as its subjective nature, the word has no single meaning.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ It has associations of composure and self-control (cf.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ the OED definition) and often is used as an expression of admiration or approval.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Although commonly regarded as slang, it is widely used among disparate social groups and has endured in usage for generations.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ There is no single concept of cool.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ One of the essential characteristics of cool is its mutability—what is considered cool changes over time and varies among cultures and generations.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ James Todd Smith (born January 14, 1968), better known by his stage name LL Cool J (short for Ladies Love Cool James), is an American rapper, actor, author and entrepreneur from Queens, New York.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ He is known for such hip hop hits as \"Going Back to Cali\", \"I'm Bad\", \"The Boomin' System\", \"Rock The Bells\" and \"Mama Said Knock You Out\", as well as romantic ballads such as \"Doin' It\", \"I Need Love\", \"Around the Way Girl\" and \"Hey Lover\".", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ LL Cool J has released 13 studio albums and two greatest hits compilations.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ His twelfth album \"Exit 13\" (2008), was his last for his long-tenured deal with Def Jam Recordings.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ \"Cool for the Summer\" is a song recorded by American singer Demi Lovato.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ It serves as the lead single from her fifth studio album, \"Confident\" (2015).", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ The song was released on July 1, 2015, by Hollywood, and Island Records, and made its radio premiere on the same date via Republic Records.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ Lovato co-wrote \"Cool for the Summer\" with Alexander Erik Kronlund, Savan Kotecha, and the song's producers Max Martin and Ali Payami.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ Musically, it is a pop rock song featuring electronic instrumental arrangement.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ The song garnered attention for its bi-curious insinuations and sexually suggestive lyrics.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ \"Cool for the Summer\" topped the digital chart in Greece and peaked within the top 10 in Lebanon, Mexico, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, as well as the top 20 in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Ireland, Slovakia, Spain, and the United States.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ \"Reflective surfaces\" are surfaces that can deliver high solar reflectance (the ability to reflect the visible, infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths of the sun, reducing heat transfer to the surface) and high thermal emittance (the ability to radiate absorbed, or non-reflected solar energy).", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ Reflective surfaces are a form of geoengineering.", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ The most well-known type of reflective surface is the \"cool roof\".", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ While cool roofs are mostly associated with white roofs, they come in a variety of colors and materials and are available for both commercial and residential buildings.", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ Today's \"cool roof\" pigments allow metal roofing products to be EnergyStar rated in dark colors, even black.", "Cool (Gwen Stefani song) __knowledge__ \"Cool\" is a song by American singer Gwen Stefani from her debut solo studio album, \"Love.", "Cool (Gwen Stefani song) __knowledge__ Angel.", "Cool (Gwen Stefani song) __knowledge__ Music.", "Cool (Gwen Stefani song) __knowledge__ Baby.\"", "Cool (Gwen Stefani song) __knowledge__ (2004).", "Cool (Gwen Stefani song) __knowledge__ Written by Stefani and Dallas Austin, the song was released on July 5, 2005 as the album's fourth single.", "Cool (Gwen Stefani song) __knowledge__ It was written by Austin basing the song on No Doubt's \"Simple Kind of Life\", but he did not finish it.", "Cool (Gwen Stefani song) __knowledge__ He then asked for help from Stefani, and they finished the song in 15 minutes.", "Cool (Gwen Stefani song) __knowledge__ The single's musical style and production were inspired by synth-pop and new wave arrangements from the 1980s, and its lyrics chronicle a relationship in which two lovers have separated, but remain \"cool\" with each other as good friends.", "Asian F __knowledge__ \"Asian F\" is the third episode of the third season of the American musical television series \"Glee\", and the forty-seventh overall.", "Asian F __knowledge__ Written by series co-creator Ian Brennan and directed by Alfonso Gomez-Rejon, it first aired on Fox in the United States on October 4, 2011.", "Asian F __knowledge__ The episode features the introduction of Emma Pillsbury's (Jayma Mays) and Mike Chang's (Harry Shum, Jr.) parents, and the final auditions for the McKinley High production of \"West Side Story\", in which the competition between Mercedes Jones (Amber Riley) and Rachel Berry (Lea Michele) leads the former to quit New Directions.", "Asian F __knowledge__ An advance copy of the episode was released to several reviewers, and received a highly enthusiastic response.", "Shmaltz Brewing Company __knowledge__ Shmaltz Brewing Company is an American Craft brewing company located in Clifton Park, New York, US, and produces the award winning line of HE'BREW Beers and formerly Coney Island Beer before its acquisition by Boston Beer Co in 2013.", "Shmaltz Brewing Company __knowledge__ Ranked in 2013 as one of the \"Top 100 Brewers in the World\" by RateBeer.com, Shmaltz won 9 Gold and 5 Silver Medals in the World Beer Championships in 2012.", "Shmaltz Brewing Company __knowledge__ A recipient of the \"Distinguished Business Award\" by the Brooklyn Chamber of Commerce, Shmaltz was also included in the \"Top 50 Fastest Growing Bay Area Companies\" by San Francisco Business Times.", "Shmaltz Brewing Company __knowledge__ Founder and owner Jeremy Cowan established the company in San Francisco in 1996 with the first 100 cases of He'brew Beer hand bottled and delivered throughout the Bay Area in his Grandmother’s Volvo.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is brewed from cereal grains—most commonly from malted barley, though wheat, maize (corn), and rice are also used.", "Beer __knowledge__ During the brewing process, fermentation of the starch sugars in the wort produces ethanol and carbonation in the resulting beer.", "Beer __knowledge__ Most modern beer is brewed with hops, which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilizing agent.", "Beer __knowledge__ Other flavouring agents such as gruit, herbs, or fruits may be included or used instead of hops.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Beer in England has been brewed for hundreds of years.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ As a beer brewing country, England is known for its top fermented cask beer (also called real ale) which finishes maturing in the cellar of the pub rather than at the brewery and is served with only natural carbonation.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ English beer styles include bitter, mild, brown ale and old ale.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Stout, porter and India Pale Ale were also originally brewed in London.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Lager style beer has increased considerably in popularity since the mid 20th century.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Other modern developments include consolidation of large brewers into multinational corporations; growth of beer consumerism; expansion of microbreweries and increased interest in bottle conditioned beers.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ Beer in Canada was introduced by European settlers in the seventeenth century.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The first commercial brewery was La Brasseries due Roy [sic] started by New France Intendant Jean Talon, in Québec City in 1668.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ Many commercial brewers thrived until Prohibition in Canada.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The provincial and federal governments' attempt to eliminate \"intoxicating\" beverages led to the closing of nearly three quarters of breweries between 1878 and 1928.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ It was only in the second half of the twentieth century that a significant number of new breweries opened up.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The Canadian Beer industry now plays an important role in Canadian identity, though globalization of the brewing industry has seen the major players in Canada acquired by, or merged with, foreign companies, notably its three largest beer producers, Labatt, Molson and Sleeman.", "Dogfish Head Brewery __knowledge__ Dogfish Head Brewery is a brewing company based in Milton, Delaware founded by Sam Calagione.", "Dogfish Head Brewery __knowledge__ It opened in 1995 and produces 262,000 barrels of beer annually.", "Dogfish Head Brewery __knowledge__ Dogfish Head has been a rapidly growing brewery – it grew nearly 400% between 2003 and 2006.", "Dogfish Head Brewery __knowledge__ The brewery was featured prominently in the documentary \"Beer Wars\" and was the subject of the Discovery Channel series \"Brew Masters\", which premiered Sunday, November 21, 2010.", "Dogfish Head Brewery __knowledge__ The brewery takes its name from Dogfish Head, Maine where Calagione spent summers as a child.", "Dogfish Head Brewery __knowledge__ Select brews (including many of the brewery's seasonal and one-off selections) can be found in 31 U.S. states, plus Washington, D.C. Dogfish Head also licenses \"Dogfish Head Alehouse\" with three locations in Gaithersburg, Maryland, Falls Church, Virginia, and Fairfax, Virginia.", "Beer in Belgium __knowledge__ Beer in Belgium varies from pale lager via the amber of special and lambic beer, red of Flemish red, to black of Scotch and Stout beers.", "Beer in Belgium __knowledge__ There are approximately 180 breweries in the country, ranging from international giants to microbreweries.", "Beer in Belgium __knowledge__ In 2016, UNESCO inscribed Belgian beer culture on their list of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity, noting that: beer culture in Belgium combines know-how concerning nature, social practices and craft skills that constitute an integral part of daily and festive life.", "Beer in Belgium __knowledge__ Regularly shared between practitioners, knowledge and skills are transmitted from masters to apprentices in breweries but also within families, in public spaces and through formal education.", "Westvleteren Brewery __knowledge__ Westvleteren () is a brewery founded in 1838 at the Trappist Abbey of Saint Sixtus in Vleteren, Belgium.", "Westvleteren Brewery __knowledge__ The brewery's three beers have acquired an international reputation for taste and quality, Westvleteren 12 being considered by some to be the best beer in the world.", "Westvleteren Brewery __knowledge__ The beers are not brewed to normal commercial demands but are sold in small quantities weekly from the doors of the monastery itself to individual buyers on an advance-order basis.", "Westvleteren Brewery __knowledge__ Trappist monks from the Mont des Cats monastery in France founded the St. Sixtus monastery in 1831.", "Westvleteren Brewery __knowledge__ In 1838, brewing began at Westvleteren.", "Westvleteren Brewery __knowledge__ In 1850, some of the monks founded the Notre-Dame de Scourmont monastery, which also brews a Trappist beer called Chimay." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ Homebrewing is the brewing of beer on a small scale for personal, non-commercial purposes.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ Beer has been brewed on the domestic level since its advent, thousands of years prior to its commercial production, although its legality has varied according to local regulation.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ Beer has been brewed domestically throughout its 7,000-year history, beginning in the Neolithic period in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), Egypt and China.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ It seems to have first developed as thick beers; during this time meads, fruit wines and rice wines were also developed.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ Women brewers dominated alcohol production on every occupied continent until commercialization and industrialization of brewing occurred.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ The tradition of brewing being in the domain of women stemmed from the fact that brewing was a by-product of gathering, and often considered a part of baking.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ The Greeks and Romans cultivated both grape wine and beer, to a lesser extent.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ Roman women often directed production in larger households while the labor was performed by slaves.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ By the Tang dynasty, homebrewing seems to have been a familiar domestic chore in China, albeit the lower classes had to make do with poorly-filtered mash.", "Homebrewing __knowledge__ Laws against making alcohol were enacted and repealed between the Zhou and Ming dynasties.", "History of beer __knowledge__ Beer is one of the oldest beverages humans have produced, dating back to at least the 5th millennium BC in Iran, and was recorded in the written history of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia and spread throughout the world.", "History of beer __knowledge__ As almost any cereal containing certain sugars can undergo spontaneous fermentation due to wild yeasts in the air, it is possible that beer-like beverages were independently developed throughout the world soon after a tribe or culture had domesticated cereal.", "History of beer __knowledge__ Chemical tests of ancient pottery jars reveal that beer was produced as far back as about 7,000 years ago in what is today Iran.", "Pulp Summer Slam __knowledge__ Pulp Summer Slam is an annual music festival in the Philippines.", "Pulp Summer Slam __knowledge__ It is founded and produced by Pulp Live World Productions, Inc..", "Pulp Summer Slam __knowledge__ The festival consists of local and international rock and metal bands with the occasional line-up of hip hop, ska, reggae, pop rock, and other genres.", "Pulp Summer Slam __knowledge__ The event is held every year during the summer in Manila, Philippines and every year around 30,000 fans show up for the event.", "Pulp Summer Slam __knowledge__ Pulp Summer Slam held its 10th anniversary at the Amoranto Stadium featuring Lamb of God and Testament as headliners and 30 local and foreign bands on 17 April 2010.", "Pulp Summer Slam __knowledge__ Pulp Summer Slam was produced to cater to the readers of Lokal Tee Brand , a rock music magazine in the Philippines.", "Beer in North Korea __knowledge__ North Korea has at least ten major breweries and many microbreweries that supply a wide range of beer products.", "Beer in North Korea __knowledge__ The top brand is the light lager Taedonggang.", "Beer in North Korea __knowledge__ The country's problems with goods distribution and power output have forced North Korean brewers to innovate.", "Beer in North Korea __knowledge__ To minimize distribution, many restaurants and hotels maintain their own microbreweries.", "Beer in North Korea __knowledge__ Because unreliable power supply makes it difficult to refrigerate beer, North Koreans have developed their own steam beer, an originally American beer style brewed in higher than normal temperatures, that is widely available.", "Beer in North Korea __knowledge__ Although the Korean liquor soju is preferred, beer comes second when it comes to consumption.", "Beer pong (paddles) __knowledge__ Beer pong (also known as Dartmouth pong or Backgammon) is a drinking game loosely based on ping pong, that involves use of paddles to hit a ping pong ball into obstacles on the opposing side.", "Beer pong (paddles) __knowledge__ The origin of beer pong is generally credited to Dartmouth College.", "Beer pong (paddles) __knowledge__ The name \"beer pong\" also refers to a similar game sometimes called Beirut, in which players throw a ping pong ball by hand at an opponent's cups located across a table.", "Beer pong (paddles) __knowledge__ The origins of the game are obscure but it has been attributed to a Dartmouth College fraternity party.", "Beer pong (paddles) __knowledge__ An Alpha Phi Delta fraternity alumnus, David Thielscher, class of 1954, recalled in an interview for \"The Dartmouth\" newspaper that beer pong was played when he was an undergraduate.", "Australian pub __knowledge__ An Australian pub or hotel is a public house or pub for short, in Australia, and is an establishment licensed to serve alcoholic drinks for consumption on the premises.", "Australian pub __knowledge__ They also provide other services, as entertainment venues, serving meals and providing basic accommodation.", "Australian pub __knowledge__ The Australian pub is a direct descendant of the British and Irish pub.", "Australian pub __knowledge__ The production and consumption of alcoholic drinks has long played a key role in Western commerce and social activity, and this is reflected in the importance of pubs in the British colonisation of Australia after 1788.", "Australian pub __knowledge__ However, in the 19th century the local version evolved a number of distinctive features that set it apart from the classic British or urban Irish pub.", "Beer shop __knowledge__ A beer shop (also referred to as beershop) is a retail store where beer and other goods related to beer are sold.", "Beer shop __knowledge__ Beer shops can be found all around the world, but there are many located in famous beer countries like Belgium, Germany or England.", "Beer shop __knowledge__ Beer shops range in size, and may be located on streets or in shopping malls.", "Beer shop __knowledge__ Beer shops usually offer many different kinds of beer brands.", "Beer shop __knowledge__ Some shops offer only regional beer brands which are famous or well known in their region.", "Beer shop __knowledge__ Others also offer a big range of beer including beer brand from all around the world.", "Beer shop __knowledge__ Due to the increase of craft brewing companies, many beer shops purvey craft beers from local or international microbreweries.", "Vikings __knowledge__ Vikings (Old English: \"wicing\"—\"pirate\", Danish and ; Swedish and ; , from Old Norse) were Norse seafarers, mainly speaking the Old Norse language, who raided and traded from their Northern European homelands across wide areas of northern, central, eastern and western Europe, during the late 8th to late 11th centuries.", "Vikings __knowledge__ The term is also commonly extended in modern English and other vernaculars to the inhabitants of Viking home communities during what has become known as the Viking Age.", "Vikings __knowledge__ This period of Nordic military, mercantile and demographic expansion constitutes an important element in the early medieval history of Scandinavia, Estonia, the British Isles, France, Kievan Rus' and Sicily.", "Ashley Tisdale __knowledge__ Ashley Michelle Tisdale (born July 2, 1985) is an American actress, singer, and producer.", "Ashley Tisdale __knowledge__ During her childhood, Tisdale was featured in over one hundred advertisements and had minor roles in television and theatre.", "Ashley Tisdale __knowledge__ She achieved mainstream success as Maddie Fitzpatrick in the Disney Channel series \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\".", "Ashley Tisdale __knowledge__ This success was heightened when she starred as Sharpay Evans in the \"High School Musical\" franchise.", "Ashley Tisdale __knowledge__ The film series proved to be a huge success for Disney and earned a large following.", "Ashley Tisdale __knowledge__ The success of the films led to Tisdale signing with Warner Bros. Records, releasing her debut album, \"Headstrong\" (2007), through the label.", "Guilty Pleasure (Ashley Tisdale album) __knowledge__ Guilty Pleasure is the second studio album by American recording artist Ashley Tisdale.", "Guilty Pleasure (Ashley Tisdale album) __knowledge__ It was released on June 11, 2009, by Warner Bros. Records.", "Guilty Pleasure (Ashley Tisdale album) __knowledge__ The lead single from the album, \"It's Alright, It's OK\", premiered on \"On Air with Ryan Seacrest\" and was officially released on April 14, 2009.", "Guilty Pleasure (Ashley Tisdale album) __knowledge__ The album debuted at number 12 on \"Billboard\" 200 selling 25,000 copies in its first week.", "Guilty Pleasure (Ashley Tisdale album) __knowledge__ The second single from \"Guilty Pleasure\", \"Crank It Up\" was released on October 16, 2009, in Europe.", "Guilty Pleasure (Ashley Tisdale album) __knowledge__ The album ranked #7 on Billboard's reader poll for album of the decade and best album of 2009.", "Guilty Pleasure (Ashley Tisdale album) __knowledge__ In April 2008, she said that she has recorded a few songs for the album and she would fully focus on the album after filming \"High School Musical 3\".", "Guilty Pleasure Tour __knowledge__ Guilty Pleasure Tour is a concert tour by American rock musician Meat Loaf in support of his 2011 album \"Hell in a Handbasket\".", "Guilty Pleasure Tour __knowledge__ The tour only visited Australia and New Zealand; more dates were expected to be announced for mainland Europe and North America, but did not eventuate.", "Guilty Pleasure Tour __knowledge__ The show in Sydney was filmed for DVD release.", "Guilty Pleasure Tour __knowledge__ Meat Loaf has said that the name of the tour came from a poll, which named him the number one \"guilty pleasure\".", "Guilty Pleasure Tour __knowledge__ During the concerts, Meat Loaf announced to his fans that these concerts were to be the \"last he ever performed in Australia and New Zealand\" and added a thank you to the fans for \"38 years of support\" for the duration of his career.", "Guilty Pleasure (Brokencyde album) __knowledge__ Guilty Pleasure is the third studio album by American crunkcore group brokeNCYDE, released on November 8, 2011 through Suburban Noize Records.", "Guilty Pleasure (Brokencyde album) __knowledge__ This album features significantly less screaming than earlier efforts.", "Guilty Pleasure (Brokencyde album) __knowledge__ It is the last album to feature Phat J before his departure from the group.", "Guilty Pleasure (Brokencyde album) __knowledge__ \"Guilty Pleasure\" was heavily panned worldwide.", "Guilty Pleasure (Brokencyde album) __knowledge__ \"Guilty Pleasurez\" is a re-release of \"Guilty Pleasure\", released on March 13, 2012.", "Guilty Pleasure (Brokencyde album) __knowledge__ The album includes the same track listing, plus one new song (\"Never Back Down\"), an updated version of \"Magnum\" (featuring Mickey Avalon) and a 'screamix' of \"Doin' My Thang\" (with Antz doing screams and featuring The Dirtball).", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in Laurell K. Hamilton's \"\" series of novels.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The title character, Anita Blake starts as a human with the power of necromancy.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She joins the organization Animators, Inc. as an animator: a person who raises zombies) and a vampire executioner.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ In later volumes, she acquires some powers that are commonly associated with vampires.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She contracts the lycanthropy viruses which makes her associate with were-creatures.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She also grows powers as a succubus.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ Bert is the founder and managing partner of Animators, Inc. Over 6 feet tall and built like a former athlete, Bert is an unscrupulous boss who is inclined to sign the animators up for almost any job if the price is right.", "Keeping Up with the Kardashians __knowledge__ Keeping Up with the Kardashians (often abbreviated KUWTK) is an American reality television series that airs on the E!", "Keeping Up with the Kardashians __knowledge__ cable network.", "Keeping Up with the Kardashians __knowledge__ The show focuses on the personal and professional lives of the Kardashian–Jenner blended family.", "Keeping Up with the Kardashians __knowledge__ Its premise originated with Ryan Seacrest, who also serves as an executive producer.", "Keeping Up with the Kardashians __knowledge__ The series debuted on October 14, 2007 and has subsequently become one of the longest-running reality television series in the country.", "Keeping Up with the Kardashians __knowledge__ The fourteenth season premiered on October 1, 2017.", "Keeping Up with the Kardashians __knowledge__ The series focuses mainly on sisters Kourtney, Kim, and Khloé Kardashian and their half-sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner.", "Base (EP) __knowledge__ Base is the first EP of Korean boy band Shinee member Jonghyun, released on January 12, 2015 by S.M.", "Base (EP) __knowledge__ Entertainment.", "Base (EP) __knowledge__ Jonghyun collaborated with various artists for his album, such as Younha, Wheesung, Zion.T and Iron.", "Base (EP) __knowledge__ His title song, featuring Iron as the rapper, is called \"Crazy (Guilty Pleasure)\" and was released digitally on domestic music sites on January 12, 2015, together with the album.", "Base (EP) __knowledge__ He performed in a showcase to introduce the album at the SMTown Coex Artium on January 8, 2015.", "Base (EP) __knowledge__ He told the media before his live showcase at the SMTOWN Coex Atrium: Jonghyun's song, \"Beautiful Tonight\", was composed as early as 2012 and was inspired by the view of the moon as he was walking home from work one night." ] ]

[ 1, 0, 55, 0 ]

[ "Well, homebrewing is when a beer drink, like myself, just makes it from home. Not for many people, but more of a personal use type of thing.", "I like to brew beer. I can't say I'm much of a liquor type of guy.", "After all, it's the third most popular type of beer in the world. Can never have me enough of it! It's a guilty pleasure.", "Are you much a beer drink yourself? If so, we should go grab one sometime." ]

[ "Homebrewing", "Homebrewing", "Homebrewing", "Homebrewing" ]

[ "Golden Retriever", "Duck hunting is cool", "I like that" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is a large-sized breed of dog bred as gun dogs to retrieve shot waterfowl such as ducks and upland game birds during hunting and shooting parties, and were named 'retriever' because of their ability to retrieve shot game undamaged.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers have an instinctive love of water, and are easy to train to basic or advanced obedience standards.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They are a long-coated breed, with a dense inner coat that provides them with adequate warmth in the outdoors, and an outer coat that lies flat against their bodies and repels water.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers are well suited to residency in suburban or country environments.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Although they need substantial outdoor exercise, they should be housed in a fenced area because of their instinctual tendency to roam.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They shed copiously, particularly at the change of seasons, and require fairly regular grooming.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed is a prominent participant in conformation shows for purebred dogs.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is popular as a disability assistance dog such as being a guide dog for the blind and a hearing dog for the deaf.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ In addition, they are trained to be a hunting dog, a detection dog, and a search and rescue participant.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed's friendly, gentle temperament means it is unsuited to being a professional guard dog, but its temperament has also made it the third-most popular family dog breed (by registration) in the United States, the fifth-most popular in Brazil and Australia, and the eighth-most popular in the United Kingdom." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is a large-sized breed of dog bred as gun dogs to retrieve shot waterfowl such as ducks and upland game birds during hunting and shooting parties, and were named 'retriever' because of their ability to retrieve shot game undamaged.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers have an instinctive love of water, and are easy to train to basic or advanced obedience standards.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They are a long-coated breed, with a dense inner coat that provides them with adequate warmth in the outdoors, and an outer coat that lies flat against their bodies and repels water.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers are well suited to residency in suburban or country environments.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Although they need substantial outdoor exercise, they should be housed in a fenced area because of their instinctual tendency to roam.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They shed copiously, particularly at the change of seasons, and require fairly regular grooming.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed is a prominent participant in conformation shows for purebred dogs.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is popular as a disability assistance dog such as being a guide dog for the blind and a hearing dog for the deaf.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ In addition, they are trained to be a hunting dog, a detection dog, and a search and rescue participant.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed's friendly, gentle temperament means it is unsuited to being a professional guard dog, but its temperament has also made it the third-most popular family dog breed (by registration) in the United States, the fifth-most popular in Brazil and Australia, and the eighth-most popular in the United Kingdom.", "Waterfowl hunting __knowledge__ Waterfowl hunting (also called wildfowling or waterfowl shooting in the UK) is the practice of hunting ducks, geese, or other waterfowl for food and sport.", "Waterfowl hunting __knowledge__ In many western countries, commercial waterfowl hunting is prohibited, and duck hunting is primarily an outdoor sporting activity.", "Waterfowl hunting __knowledge__ Many types of ducks and geese share the same habitat, have overlapping or identical hunting seasons, and are hunted using the same methods.", "Waterfowl hunting __knowledge__ Thus it is possible to take different species of waterfowl in the same outing.", "Waterfowl hunting __knowledge__ Waterfowl can be hunted in crop fields where they feed, or, more frequently, on or near bodies of water such as rivers, lakes, ponds, swamps, sloughs, or oceanic coastlines.", "Duck hunting in South Australia __knowledge__ Duck hunting is an outdoor recreational activity practised under a permit system in the Australian state of South Australia.", "Duck hunting in South Australia __knowledge__ Licensed shooters hunt using shotguns and dogs, and are provided with permits issued by the Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources on payment of a fee and completion of a Waterfowl Identification Test.", "Duck hunting in South Australia __knowledge__ Permits are available to persons 14 years of age and older for an annual fee of $43.25 or $22.40 for children or concession holders.", "Duck hunting in South Australia __knowledge__ The activity is opposed by animal welfare groups who consider the practise to be unacceptably cruel.", "Duck hunting in South Australia __knowledge__ Duck hunting using firearms has occurred in South Australia since the formal establishment of the colony in the early 19th century.", "Ultimate Duck Hunting __knowledge__ Ultimate Duck Hunting is a duck hunting video game developed by Mid Carolina Media for the PC.", "Ultimate Duck Hunting __knowledge__ The goal of the game is to shoot ducks and then collect them with hunting dogs, a concept similar to that of the classic NES game, \"Duck Hunt\".", "Ultimate Duck Hunting __knowledge__ On October 19, 2007 a Nintendo Wii version was released by publisher Detn8, it was originally planned for release on July 10, 2007, but it was delayed to October due to the E3 announcement of the Wii port.", "Ultimate Duck Hunting __knowledge__ The second game from publisher Mid Carolina Media is often criticized on its own forums for low production values, many of which contradict the self-quoted title of \"the most realistic duck hunting game ever made\" on its cover.", "Duck call __knowledge__ A duck call may be either the sound-imitation process by which a hunter lures waterfowl, or the actual tool which the person uses to do so.", "Duck call __knowledge__ Early duck call tools were basic woodwind instruments, while later innovations are constructed of rubber and plastic, and allow the hunter to adjust the volume and tone of the calls with reeds.", "Duck call __knowledge__ Today's duck calls usually fall into three main categories: a single, double, or triple reed call with many variations.", "Duck call __knowledge__ The goal of a duck call is to sound like a realistic live duck.", "Duck call __knowledge__ As a tool, a duck call is like a traditional whistle made to emulate the sound of a duck.", "Federal Duck Stamp __knowledge__ The Federal Duck Stamp, formally known as the Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp, is an adhesive stamp issued by the United States federal government that must be purchased prior to hunting for migratory waterfowl such as ducks and geese.", "Federal Duck Stamp __knowledge__ It is also used to gain entrance to National Wildlife Refuges that normally charge for admission.", "Federal Duck Stamp __knowledge__ It is widely seen as a collectable and a means to raise funds for wetland conservation, with 98% of the proceeds of each sale going to the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund.", "Federal Duck Stamp __knowledge__ President Herbert Hoover signed the Migratory Bird Conservation Act in 1929 to authorize the acquisition and preservation of wetlands as waterfowl habitat.", "Qwak! __knowledge__ Qwak!", "Qwak! __knowledge__ is a single-player duck hunting light gun shooter arcade game developed by Atari, Inc. and released in November 1974.", "Qwak! __knowledge__ In the game, ducks fly one at a time across the screen, and the player shoots at them using a light gun attached to the game cabinet.", "Qwak! __knowledge__ The player gets three shots per duck; ducks change direction away from missed shots and fall to the bottom of the screen when hit.", "Qwak! __knowledge__ A screen overlay adds images of reeds and a tree branch, and an image of a duck is added to a row at the top of the screen whenever a duck is hit.", "Qwak! __knowledge__ Games continue until a time limit, set by the machine operator, is reached.", "Jerry Michael Williams homicide __knowledge__ Jerry Michael Williams (born October 16, 1969), known as Michael or Mike Williams to his friends and family, went missing on December 16, 2000 when it was said he left his home in Tallahassee, Florida, United States, to go duck hunting.", "Jerry Michael Williams homicide __knowledge__ After the subsequent investigations, he was presumed to have drowned, but, in the years since then, later investigators came to suspect he was the victim of foul play, possibly at another location.", "Jerry Michael Williams homicide __knowledge__ His body was found in December 2017.", "Jerry Michael Williams homicide __knowledge__ Florida law enforcement officials confirmed Williams was a victim of homicide.", "Jerry Michael Williams homicide __knowledge__ After Williams' boat was found abandoned on Lake Seminole, a large reservoir straddling the Florida–Georgia state line, the initial theory was that he had fallen out of it after some kind of collision.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid the blind, those who have autism, to act as a therapy dog, or to perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A few kennels breeding their ancestors, the St. John's water dog, were in England.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ At the same time, a combination of the sheep protection policy in Newfoundland and rabies quarantine in the United Kingdom, led to the gradual demise of the St. John's water dog in Canada.", "Chesapeake Bay Retriever __knowledge__ The Chesapeake Bay Retriever is a large-sized breed of dog belonging to the Retriever, Gundog, and Sporting breed groups.", "Chesapeake Bay Retriever __knowledge__ Members of the breed may also be referred to as a Chessie, CBR, or Chesapeake.", "Chesapeake Bay Retriever __knowledge__ The breed was developed in the United States Chesapeake Bay area during the 19th century.", "Chesapeake Bay Retriever __knowledge__ Historically used by area market hunters to retrieve waterfowl, it is primarily a family pet and hunting companion.", "Chesapeake Bay Retriever __knowledge__ They are often known for their love of water and their ability to hunt.", "Chesapeake Bay Retriever __knowledge__ It is a medium to large sized dog similar in appearance to the Labrador Retriever.", "Chesapeake Bay Retriever __knowledge__ The Chesapeake have a wavy coat, rather than the Labrador's smooth coat.", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ \"Golden Retriever\" is a song by Super Furry Animals.", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ It was the first single to be issued from the album \"Phantom Power\" and reached number 13 on the UK Singles Chart on its release in July 2003.", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ The song is about the relationship between singer Gruff Rhys's girlfriend's two dogs and was written in the same key, with the same guitar tuning and around the same time as several other songs from \"Phantom Power\".", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ Critical reaction to the track was generally positive with many reviewers commenting on its \"catchiness\" and \"glam rock\" style.", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ A Jake & Jim directed music video was produced to accompany the song's release as a single featuring the band dressed as yetis.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is a medium-sized gundog bred primarily for hunting.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ It is often referred to as a \"toller\".", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ It is the smallest of the retrievers, and is often mistaken for a small Golden Retriever.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ Tollers are known to be intelligent, easy to please, alert, and high-energy dogs.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ The name \"toller\" is derived from their ability to lure waterfowl within gunshot range.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ The breed originated in Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia, Canada.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ The American Kennel Club ranks the toller as the 87th most popular dog breed.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ The breed was developed in the community of Little River Harbour in Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia, around the beginning of the 19th century.", "American Water Spaniel __knowledge__ The American Water Spaniel, (often abbreviated to AWS), is a breed of spaniel which originated in the United States.", "American Water Spaniel __knowledge__ Developed in the state of Wisconsin during the 19th century from a number of other breeds, including the Irish and English Water Spaniels.", "American Water Spaniel __knowledge__ The breed was saved by Dr. Fred J. Pfeifer, who set up the breed club and standard, and whose work led to recognition for the breed by the United Kennel Club, and later, the American Kennel Club.", "American Water Spaniel __knowledge__ While they are the state dog of Wisconsin, they remain a rare breed.", "American Water Spaniel __knowledge__ They are medium-sized dog, and have a double layered coat, which comes in a variety of brown related shades." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is a large-sized breed of dog bred as gun dogs to retrieve shot waterfowl such as ducks and upland game birds during hunting and shooting parties, and were named 'retriever' because of their ability to retrieve shot game undamaged.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers have an instinctive love of water, and are easy to train to basic or advanced obedience standards.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They are a long-coated breed, with a dense inner coat that provides them with adequate warmth in the outdoors, and an outer coat that lies flat against their bodies and repels water.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers are well suited to residency in suburban or country environments.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Although they need substantial outdoor exercise, they should be housed in a fenced area because of their instinctual tendency to roam.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They shed copiously, particularly at the change of seasons, and require fairly regular grooming.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed is a prominent participant in conformation shows for purebred dogs.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is popular as a disability assistance dog such as being a guide dog for the blind and a hearing dog for the deaf.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ In addition, they are trained to be a hunting dog, a detection dog, and a search and rescue participant.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed's friendly, gentle temperament means it is unsuited to being a professional guard dog, but its temperament has also made it the third-most popular family dog breed (by registration) in the United States, the fifth-most popular in Brazil and Australia, and the eighth-most popular in the United Kingdom.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ This is a list of aliens on Cartoon Network's \"Ben 10 franchise\".", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Voiced by: Heatblast is a Pyronite from the star Pyros.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ He appears as a magma-based lifeform whose body is composed of a bright inner magma body covered by a reddish-brown charcoal-like crust.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is essentially \"living magma\", thus everything he touches either melts or catches fire.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ In the original series, he is the tenth alien in the Omnitrix.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is Ben's first transformation, accidentally activated and started a wildfire in the pilot episode of the original series, \"And Then There Were 10\" when Ben was trying to remove the Omnitrix immediately after it first attached to him.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "American popular music __knowledge__ American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world.", "American popular music __knowledge__ The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture, including ragtime, blues, jazz, swing, rock, bluegrass, country, R&B, doo wop, gospel, soul, funk, heavy metal, punk, disco, house, techno, salsa, grunge and hip hop.", "American popular music __knowledge__ In addition, the American music industry is quite diverse, supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco, klezmer and slack-key.", "American popular music __knowledge__ Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century, and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music, using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Andrew Michael Reynolds (born June 6, 1978) is a professional street skateboarder.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ He is the co-founder and owner of Baker Skateboards; a part owner of Brigada Eyewear; a partner in Bakerboys Distribution (distributors of Baker Skateboards, Shake Junt, Deathwish Skateboards, Heroin Skateboards, Palace Skateboards, Hammers Skateboards, Death Lens, and Ashbury Eyewear), and head designer at Altamont Apparel.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Reynolds was a competitor in the 2014 Street League Skateboarding (SLS) contest series and finished with an overall ranking of 25.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ He first picked up a board when he was 9 years old.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Influenced by Powell videos at the time, Andrew began to skate jump ramps as well as wall rides.", "History of painting __knowledge__ The history of painting reaches back in time to artifacts from pre-historic humans, and spans all cultures.", "History of painting __knowledge__ It represents a continuous, though periodically disrupted, tradition from Antiquity.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Across cultures, and spanning continents and millennia, the history of painting is an ongoing river of creativity, that continues into the 21st century.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Until the early 20th century it relied primarily on representational, religious and classical motifs, after which time more purely abstract and conceptual approaches gained favor.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Developments in Eastern painting historically parallel those in Western painting, in general, a few centuries earlier.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ This is a list of creatures in the fictional \"Star Wars\" universe.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ To be listed here, creatures must be noted in multiple canonical sources.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ An Acklay is a large non-Sentient creature resembling an Earth's praying mantis.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ It is a Crustacean.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ It is equipped with three eyes and six legs with four digits each, the fourth of which terminates in an elongated scythe-like claw and a crest to protect it from air attack.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ As a carnivore, it possesses a mouth full of long, sharp teeth that it uses for catching fish.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ It originated on Vendaxa, but has since adapted to other environments such as Felucia and Geonosis.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ \"Like a Prayer\" is a song by American singer Madonna, from her fourth studio album of the same name.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ Sire Records released it as the album's lead single on March 3, 1989.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ Written and produced by Madonna and Patrick Leonard, the track denoted a more artistic and personal approach to songwriting for Madonna, who believed that she needed to cater more to her adult audience.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ The song is about a passionate young girl in love with God, who becomes the only male figure in her life.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ \"Like a Prayer\" is a pop rock song and incorporates gospel music.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ It features background vocals from a choir and also a rock guitar.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid the blind, those who have autism, to act as a therapy dog, or to perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A few kennels breeding their ancestors, the St. John's water dog, were in England.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ At the same time, a combination of the sheep protection policy in Newfoundland and rabies quarantine in the United Kingdom, led to the gradual demise of the St. John's water dog in Canada.", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ \"Golden Retriever\" is a song by Super Furry Animals.", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ It was the first single to be issued from the album \"Phantom Power\" and reached number 13 on the UK Singles Chart on its release in July 2003.", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ The song is about the relationship between singer Gruff Rhys's girlfriend's two dogs and was written in the same key, with the same guitar tuning and around the same time as several other songs from \"Phantom Power\".", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ Critical reaction to the track was generally positive with many reviewers commenting on its \"catchiness\" and \"glam rock\" style.", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ A Jake & Jim directed music video was produced to accompany the song's release as a single featuring the band dressed as yetis.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Sanrio, a Japanese company specialized in creating cute characters.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Beginning in 1963, Sanrio sells and licenses products branded with these characters and has created over 400 characters, with the most successful and best known being Hello Kitty.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ The characters listed here are shown with the year in which they first appeared.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ is the best-known of Sanrio's fictional characters, created in 1974.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Hello Kitty is drawn simply with a trademark red bow.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Registered in 1975, Hello Kitty is now a globally known trademark.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Hello Kitty has been marketed in the United States from the beginning and has held the position of U.S. children's ambassador for UNICEF since 1983.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The Goldendoodle is a cross-breed dog, which is obtained by breeding a Golden Retriever with a Poodle.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The name, which alters \"poodle\" to \"doodle\" by analogy to \"Labradoodle\", was coined in 1992.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The Goldendoodle was first bred by Monica Dickens in 1969.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Popularity for the goldendoodle grew in the 1990s when breeders in North America and Australia began crossing Golden Retrievers with Standard Poodles.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The original purpose of the cross was to develop guide dogs suitable for visually impaired individuals with allergies.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Poodles are considered to be hypoallergenic.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Their coats do not shed, which reduces dander.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ The Tweed Water Spaniel, or Tweed Spaniel, is a breed of dog extinct since the 19th century.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ It is best known for being involved in the early development of the modern Curly Coated Retriever and Golden Retriever breeds of dogs.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ They were described as a generally brown athletic dogs from the area around Berwick-upon-Tweed near the River Tweed and close to the Scottish Borders.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ A type of water dog, the breed was not well known outside the local area.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ This breed may have been created by crossing local water dogs with imported St. John's water dog, another breed which is also now extinct.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ The village of Norham, Northumberland, just south of the River Tweed was noted as being \"long famous\" for a breed of water spaniel of which were \"invariably brown\".", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is a medium-sized gundog bred primarily for hunting.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ It is often referred to as a \"toller\".", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ It is the smallest of the retrievers, and is often mistaken for a small Golden Retriever.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ Tollers are known to be intelligent, easy to please, alert, and high-energy dogs.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ The name \"toller\" is derived from their ability to lure waterfowl within gunshot range.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ The breed originated in Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia, Canada.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ The American Kennel Club ranks the toller as the 87th most popular dog breed.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ The breed was developed in the community of Little River Harbour in Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia, around the beginning of the 19th century." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "I have a beautiful Golden Retriever. He's a rather large sized dog I use for duck hunting", "My Golden Retriever loves water, and was easy to train for duck retrieval", "what do you know about golden retrievers ? mine is a long coat breed" ]

[ "Golden Retriever", "Golden Retriever", "Golden Retriever" ]

[ "Taco", "I love tacos too! My favorite are ground beef tacos with a soft shell. What kind of toppings do you usually eat with your tacos?", "Ahhh chicken tacos are pretty good too! Have you tried eating bean burritos? At least those don't have any meat, and they're delicious too." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is a traditional Mexican dish composed of a corn or wheat tortilla folded or rolled around a filling.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco can be made with a variety of fillings, including beef, pork, chicken, seafood, vegetables, and cheese, allowing for great versatility and variety.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is generally eaten without utensils and is often accompanied by garnishes such as salsa, chili pepper, avocado, guacamole, cilantro (coriander), tomatoes, onions, and lettuce.", "Taco __knowledge__ The origins of the taco are not precisely known, and etymologies for the culinary usage of the word are generally theoretical.", "Taco __knowledge__ According to the Real Academia Española, publisher of \"Diccionario de la Lengua Española\", the word \"taco\" describes a typical Mexican dish of a maize tortilla folded around food.", "Taco __knowledge__ This meaning of the Spanish word \"taco\" is a Mexican innovation, but in other dialects \"taco\" is used to mean \"wedge; wad, plug; billiard cue; blowpipe; ramrod; short, stocky person; [or] short, thick piece of wood.\"", "Taco __knowledge__ As used in this non-culinary way, the word \"taco\" has cognates in other European languages, including the French word \"tache\" and the English word \"tack (nail).\"", "Taco __knowledge__ According to one etymological theory, the culinary meaning of \"taco\" derives from its \"plug\" meaning as employed among Mexican silver miners, who used explosive charges in plug form consisting of a paper wrapper and gunpowder filling." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is a traditional Mexican dish composed of a corn or wheat tortilla folded or rolled around a filling.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco can be made with a variety of fillings, including beef, pork, chicken, seafood, vegetables, and cheese, allowing for great versatility and variety.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is generally eaten without utensils and is often accompanied by garnishes such as salsa, chili pepper, avocado, guacamole, cilantro (coriander), tomatoes, onions, and lettuce.", "Taco __knowledge__ The origins of the taco are not precisely known, and etymologies for the culinary usage of the word are generally theoretical.", "Taco __knowledge__ According to the Real Academia Española, publisher of \"Diccionario de la Lengua Española\", the word \"taco\" describes a typical Mexican dish of a maize tortilla folded around food.", "Taco __knowledge__ This meaning of the Spanish word \"taco\" is a Mexican innovation, but in other dialects \"taco\" is used to mean \"wedge; wad, plug; billiard cue; blowpipe; ramrod; short, stocky person; [or] short, thick piece of wood.\"", "Taco __knowledge__ As used in this non-culinary way, the word \"taco\" has cognates in other European languages, including the French word \"tache\" and the English word \"tack (nail).\"", "Taco __knowledge__ According to one etymological theory, the culinary meaning of \"taco\" derives from its \"plug\" meaning as employed among Mexican silver miners, who used explosive charges in plug form consisting of a paper wrapper and gunpowder filling.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Mexican street food, called \"antojitos\" (literally \"little cravings\"), is prepared by street vendors and at small traditional markets in that country.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Street foods include tacos, tamales, gorditas, quesadillas, empalmes, tostadas, chalupa, elote, tlayudas, cemita, pambazo, empanada, nachos, chilaquiles，fajita and tortas, as well as fresh fruit, vegetables, beverages and soups (menudo, pozole and pancita).", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Most are available in the morning and the evening, as mid-afternoon is the time for the main formal meal of the day.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Mexico has one of the most extensive street food cultures in Latin America, and \"Forbes\" named Mexico City as one of the foremost cities on the world in which to eat on the street.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Ground beef __knowledge__ Ground beef, beef mince, minced beef, and minced meat (not to be confused with the mixture of chopped dried fruit, distilled spirits and spices referred to as \"mincemeat\"), is a ground meat made of beef that has been finely chopped with a large knife or a meat grinder.", "Ground beef __knowledge__ It is used in many recipes including hamburgers and spaghetti bolognese.", "Ground beef __knowledge__ In some parts of the world, meat grinders are called mincers.", "Ground beef __knowledge__ In many countries, food laws define specific categories of ground beef and what they can contain.", "Ground beef __knowledge__ For example, in the United States, beef fat may be added to hamburger but not to ground beef if the meat is ground and packaged at a USDA-inspected plant.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Mexican cuisine began 9,000 years ago, 7,000 BCE, when agricultural communities such as the Maya formed, domesticating maize, creating the standard process of corn nixtamalization, and establishing their foodways.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Successive waves of other Mesoamerican groups, including the Olmec, Teotihuacanos, Toltec, Huastec, Zapotec, Mixtec, Otomi, and Purépecha, brought with them their own cooking methods.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The Mexica establishment of the Aztec Empire created a multi-ethnic society where many different foodways became infused.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The staples are native foods, such as corn, beans, squash, amaranth, chia, avocados, tomatoes, tomatillos, chocolate, vanilla, agave, turkey, sweet potato, cactus, and chili pepper.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Taco Bell is an American chain of fast food restaurants based out of Irvine, California and a subsidiary of Yum!", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Brands, Inc.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ The restaurants serve a variety of Tex-Mex foods that include tacos, burritos, quesadillas, nachos, novelty and specialty items, and a variety of \"value menu\" items.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ , Taco Bell serves more than 2 billion customers each year at 7,000 restaurants, more than 80 percent of which are owned and operated by independent franchisees and licensees.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Taco Bell was founded by Glen Bell, who first opened a hot dog stand called Bell's Drive-In in San Bernardino, California in 1946 when he was 23 years old.", "Chorizo __knowledge__ Chorizo ( or , from Spanish; or ) or Chouriço (from Portuguese) is a type of pork sausage.", "Chorizo __knowledge__ Traditionally, it uses natural casings made from intestines, a method used since Roman times.", "Chorizo __knowledge__ In Europe, chorizo is a fermented, cured, smoked sausage, which may be sliced and eaten without cooking, or added as an ingredient to add flavor to other dishes.", "Chorizo __knowledge__ Elsewhere, some sausages sold as chorizo may not be fermented and cured, and require cooking before eating.", "Chorizo __knowledge__ Spanish chorizo and Portuguese chouriço get their distinctive smokiness and deep red color from dried, smoked, red peppers (\"pimentón\"/\"pimentão\").", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ Chico's Tacos is a small local restaurant chain based in El Paso, Texas.", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ It was founded on July 4, 1953 by local boxing promoter Joe Mora.", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ Long considered a local institution in El Paso, it is perhaps the city's best-known restaurant, having been featured in the Food Network show, \"The Best Thing I Ever Ate\".", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ It was also a topic of the Gabriel Iglesias stand up act, \"I'm not Fat...", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ I'm Fluffy\".", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ Chico's has entered into local legend for its rolled tacos in a special tomato soup-like sauce, as well as its low prices.", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ Other items on the menu include hamburgers, French fries, grilled cheese sandwiches (or as Chicos Tacos employees often refer to them as \"grillos\"), and special round hot dogs served on hamburger buns.", "Ricky's Tacos __knowledge__ \"Ricky's Tacos\" is the seventh episode of the American television police procedural supernatural drama \"Awake\".", "Ricky's Tacos __knowledge__ It originally aired on NBC on April 12, 2012.", "Ricky's Tacos __knowledge__ The teleplay of the episode was written by executive producer Howard Gordon and Evan Katz, from a story by series creator Kyle Killen; the episode was directed by Adam Davidson.", "Ricky's Tacos __knowledge__ \"Ricky's Tacos\" earned a Nielsen rating of 0.9, being watched by 2.68 million viewers in its initial broadcast.", "Ricky's Tacos __knowledge__ The episode has generally received positive reviews, with critics commenting on its storylines.", "Ricky's Tacos __knowledge__ The show centers on Michael Britten (Jason Isaacs), a detective living in two separate realities after a car accident.", "Yup'ik cuisine __knowledge__ Yup'ik cuisine (\"Yupiit neqait\" in Yup'ik language, literally \"Yup'iks' foods\" or \"Yup'iks' fishes\") refers to the Eskimo style traditional subsistence food and cuisine of the Yup'ik people from the western and southwestern Alaska.", "Yup'ik cuisine __knowledge__ Also known as Cup'ik cuisine for the Chevak Cup'ik dialect speaking Eskimos of Chevak and Cup'ig cuisine for the Nunivak Cup'ig dialect speaking Eskimos of Nunivak Island.", "Yup'ik cuisine __knowledge__ This cuisine is traditionally based on meat from fish, birds, sea and land mammals, and normally contains high levels of protein.", "Yup'ik cuisine __knowledge__ Subsistence foods are generally considered by many to be nutritionally superior superfoods." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is a traditional Mexican dish composed of a corn or wheat tortilla folded or rolled around a filling.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco can be made with a variety of fillings, including beef, pork, chicken, seafood, vegetables, and cheese, allowing for great versatility and variety.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is generally eaten without utensils and is often accompanied by garnishes such as salsa, chili pepper, avocado, guacamole, cilantro (coriander), tomatoes, onions, and lettuce.", "Taco __knowledge__ The origins of the taco are not precisely known, and etymologies for the culinary usage of the word are generally theoretical.", "Taco __knowledge__ According to the Real Academia Española, publisher of \"Diccionario de la Lengua Española\", the word \"taco\" describes a typical Mexican dish of a maize tortilla folded around food.", "Taco __knowledge__ This meaning of the Spanish word \"taco\" is a Mexican innovation, but in other dialects \"taco\" is used to mean \"wedge; wad, plug; billiard cue; blowpipe; ramrod; short, stocky person; [or] short, thick piece of wood.\"", "Taco __knowledge__ As used in this non-culinary way, the word \"taco\" has cognates in other European languages, including the French word \"tache\" and the English word \"tack (nail).\"", "Taco __knowledge__ According to one etymological theory, the culinary meaning of \"taco\" derives from its \"plug\" meaning as employed among Mexican silver miners, who used explosive charges in plug form consisting of a paper wrapper and gunpowder filling.", "Burrito __knowledge__ A burrito (, ) is a dish in Mexican and Tex-Mex cuisine that consists of a large wheat tortilla with various fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ It is wrapped into a closed-ended cylinder, in contrast to a taco, where the tortilla is simply folded around the fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ The tortilla is sometimes lightly grilled or steamed to soften it, make it more pliable, and allow it to adhere to itself when wrapped.", "Burrito __knowledge__ A wet burrito is covered in sauce and therefore cannot be picked up.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In Mexico, meat and refried beans are frequently the only fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In the United States, however, burrito fillings may include a combination of ingredients such as Mexican-style rice or plain rice, boiled beans or refried beans, lettuce, salsa, meat, guacamole, cheese, sour cream and various vegetables.", "Chipotle Mexican Grill __knowledge__ Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc. () is an American chain of fast casual restaurants in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, and France, specializing in tacos and Mission-style burritos.", "Chipotle Mexican Grill __knowledge__ Its name derives from \"chipotle\", the Nahuatl name for a smoked and dried jalapeño chili pepper.", "Chipotle Mexican Grill __knowledge__ The company trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol CMG.", "Chipotle Mexican Grill __knowledge__ Chipotle is one of the first chains of fast casual dining establishments.", "Chipotle Mexican Grill __knowledge__ Competitors in the fast-casual Mexican market include Qdoba Mexican Grill, Moe's Southwest Grill, Rubio's Coastal Grill, Pancheros Mexican Grill, Freebirds World Burrito, and Baja Fresh.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Taco Bell is an American chain of fast food restaurants based out of Irvine, California and a subsidiary of Yum!", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Brands, Inc.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ The restaurants serve a variety of Tex-Mex foods that include tacos, burritos, quesadillas, nachos, novelty and specialty items, and a variety of \"value menu\" items.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ , Taco Bell serves more than 2 billion customers each year at 7,000 restaurants, more than 80 percent of which are owned and operated by independent franchisees and licensees.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Taco Bell was founded by Glen Bell, who first opened a hot dog stand called Bell's Drive-In in San Bernardino, California in 1946 when he was 23 years old.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Mexican cuisine began 9,000 years ago, 7,000 BCE, when agricultural communities such as the Maya formed, domesticating maize, creating the standard process of corn nixtamalization, and establishing their foodways.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Successive waves of other Mesoamerican groups, including the Olmec, Teotihuacanos, Toltec, Huastec, Zapotec, Mixtec, Otomi, and Purépecha, brought with them their own cooking methods.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The Mexica establishment of the Aztec Empire created a multi-ethnic society where many different foodways became infused.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The staples are native foods, such as corn, beans, squash, amaranth, chia, avocados, tomatoes, tomatillos, chocolate, vanilla, agave, turkey, sweet potato, cactus, and chili pepper.", "Don Chow Tacos __knowledge__ Don Chow Tacos is a Chinese-Mexican fusion food truck based in Los Angeles, California.", "Don Chow Tacos __knowledge__ A veteran in the food truck industry, Don Chow was founded on April 22, 2009 by Dominic Lau and Lawrence Lie.", "Don Chow Tacos __knowledge__ Their motto, “Where Chino meets Latino”, represents the pair’s Chinese heritage, (represented by the truck’s logo, a depiction of the traditional Chinese guardian lion), and the Hispanic influences that had been constant in their lives as they grew up in LA.", "Don Chow Tacos __knowledge__ Don Chow Tacos ceased operations on February 16, 2015.", "Don Chow Tacos __knowledge__ Don Chow has appeared on the Food Network's \"Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives\", as well NBC and KTLA.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Food trucks in South Korea __knowledge__ A food truck is a small truck that operates as a restaurant.", "Food trucks in South Korea __knowledge__ The height of the cooking area shall be less than 1.5 m (1.2 m) and the area shall be not less than 0.5 m*m and not more than 0.5 m*m. A food truck is a large vehicle equipped to cook and sell food.", "Food trucks in South Korea __knowledge__ Some, including ice cream trucks, sell frozen or prepackaged food; others have on-board kitchens and prepare food from scratch.", "Food trucks in South Korea __knowledge__ Sandwiches, hamburgers, french fries, and other regional fast food fare is common.", "Food trucks in South Korea __knowledge__ In recent years, associated with the pop-up restaurant phenomenon, food trucks offering gourmet cuisine and a variety of specialties and ethnic menus, have become particularly popular.", "Red meat __knowledge__ Commonly, especially in gastronomy, red meat is red when raw and dark in color when cooked, in contrast to white meat which is pale in color before and after cooking and dark meat which is dark when cooked.", "Red meat __knowledge__ In cooking, only flesh from mammals or fowl is classified as red or white.", "Red meat __knowledge__ In nutritional science, on the other hand, red meat is defined as any meat that has more myoglobin than white meat, white meat being defined as non-dark meat from chicken (excluding leg or thigh), or fish.", "Red meat __knowledge__ Some meat, such as pork, is red meat under the nutritional definition, and white meat using the common or gastronomic definition.", "Meat __knowledge__ Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food.", "Meat __knowledge__ Humans have hunted and killed animals for meat since prehistoric times.", "Meat __knowledge__ The advent of civilization allowed the domestication of animals such as chickens, sheep, rabbits, pigs and cattle.", "Meat __knowledge__ This eventually led to their use in meat production on an industrial scale with the aid of slaughterhouses.", "Meat __knowledge__ Meat is mainly composed of water, protein, and fat.", "Meat __knowledge__ It is edible raw, but is normally eaten after it has been cooked and seasoned or processed in a variety of ways.", "Meat __knowledge__ Unprocessed meat will spoil or rot within hours or days as a result of infection with and decomposition by bacteria and fungi.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Foster Farms __knowledge__ Foster Farms is a United States West Coast poultry company.", "Foster Farms __knowledge__ The company has been privately owned and operated by the Foster family since 1939.", "Foster Farms __knowledge__ The company is based in Livingston, California, with operations throughout the West Coast and a few on the East Coast.", "Foster Farms __knowledge__ The company specializes in a variety of chicken and turkey products advertised as fresh and naturally locally grown.", "Foster Farms __knowledge__ Foster Farms was established in 1939 by Max and Verda Foster.", "Foster Farms __knowledge__ They began by investing $1,000 into a farm in Modesto, California, on which they raised turkeys.", "Foster Farms __knowledge__ The back porch was Max's office and the first hatchery was built next to their bedroom so the eggs could get constant care.", "Big Red Meat __knowledge__ Big Red Meat (Comanche \"piarʉ ekarʉhkapʉ\" (big red-meat); c. 1820/1825 – January 1, 1875) was a Nokoni Comanche chief.", "Big Red Meat __knowledge__ In his early life, Big Red Meat was trained under the Nokoni Chief Huupi-pahati, a.k.a.", "Big Red Meat __knowledge__ \"Tall Tree\", and his second-in-command Quenah-evah, a.k.a.", "Big Red Meat __knowledge__ \"Eagle Drink\".", "Big Red Meat __knowledge__ Quenah-evah later replaced Huupi-pahati, after his death, possibly due to the smallpox and cholera epidemics of 1849.", "Big Red Meat __knowledge__ Quenah-evah took the role of principal chief, presumably with Horseback's (Tʉhʉyakwahipʉ) as second-ranking chief, and Big Red Meat grew up as a war leader.", "Big Red Meat __knowledge__ During the 1850s and 1860s, Big Red Meat gained fame among the other Native American tribes in Texas because of his success in battle against them.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Red Red Meat __knowledge__ Red Red Meat was a 1990s Chicago-area blues-influenced alternative rock band.", "Red Red Meat __knowledge__ After their break-up, frontman Tim Rutili went on to form Califone, for which many of Red Red Meat's former members, including producer Brian Deck, often record and perform.", "Red Red Meat __knowledge__ Tim Hurley went on to form Sin Ropas.", "Red Red Meat __knowledge__ In 1984, Tim Rutili moved from the suburb of Addison, IL to Chicago in order to attend film school, where he met bassist Glynis Johnson.", "Red Red Meat __knowledge__ Together with Ben Massarella, their first band, Friends of Betty, attracted a reasonable following.", "Red Red Meat __knowledge__ The 1988 studio album \"Blind Faith II\" included drummer John Rowan.", "Red Red Meat __knowledge__ It was not much of a success." ] ]

[ 3, 2, 0 ]

[ "I love tacos partially because they can be eaten without a fork or anything.", "I usually have mine with chicken as I am trying to eat less red meat.", "Yes. I am working toward being a vegetarian so I almost always eat my burritos that way." ]

[ "Taco", "Taco", "Taco" ]

[ "Night owl (person)\nAre you a night owl or a morning person?", "I am the same way, I wish I could get my required sleep still though", "I certainly am not either, not even a little bit", "What is an A+ person over there?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ A night owl, evening person or simply owl, is a person who tends to stay up until late at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The opposite of a night owl is an early bird, a lark as opposed to owl, someone who tends to begin sleeping at a time that is considered early and also wakes early.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ In several countries, especially in Scandinavia, early birds are called \"A-people\" and night owls are called \"B-people\".", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers traditionally use the terms \"morningness\" and \"eveningness\" for the two chronotypes or diurnality and nocturnality in animal behavior.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The term is derived from the primarily nocturnal habits of the owl.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Usually, people who are night owls stay awake past midnight and extreme night owls may stay awake until just before or after dawn.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls tend to feel most energetic just before they go to sleep at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls have a preference or habit for staying up late, or stay up to work the night shift.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls who work the day shift often have difficulties adapting to standard day-time working hours.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers have found that the genetic make-up of the circadian timing system underpins the difference between early and late chronotypes, early birds and night owls.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls who have great difficulty adopting normal sleeping and waking times may have delayed sleep-phase disorder.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ The Night Owl was a passenger train operated by Amtrak on the Northeast Corridor between Washington, D.C., and Boston, Massachusetts, via New York City.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ It operated from 1972 to 1995 on an overnight schedule with sleeper service; it was the only such train on the Northeast Corridor.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ In 1995 Amtrak dropped most individual train names from its Northeast Corridor services and the \"Night Owl\" became another \"NortheastDirect\" service, but still on an overnight schedule.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ Amtrak replaced it with the \"Twilight Shoreliner\" in 1997.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ At first Amtrak did not feature overnight service on the Northeast Corridor.", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ \"Night Owl\" is a song written by James Taylor that was originally released as a single by Taylor's band the Flying Machine, which also included Danny Kortchmar in 1967.", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ Taylor later rerecorded a solo version of the song for his Apple Records debut album \"James Taylor\" in 1968.", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ Subsequently, the Flying Machine version was released on the album \"James Taylor and the Original Flying Machine\".", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ It has also been covered by such artists as Alex Taylor, Carly Simon and Anne Murray.", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ \"Night Owl\" was inspired by the Night Owl Cafe in Greenwich Village in New York City, where the Flying Machine often performed.", "1990 Back Bay, Massachusetts train collision __knowledge__ The 1990 Back Bay, Massachusetts train collision was a collision between an Amtrak passenger train, the \"Night Owl\", and a Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) Stoughton Line commuter train just outside Back Bay station in Boston, Massachusetts.", "1990 Back Bay, Massachusetts train collision __knowledge__ An investigation by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) found that the Amtrak train entered a speed-restricted curve at excessive speed, causing the train to derail and crash into the MBTA commuter train on an adjoining track.", "1990 Back Bay, Massachusetts train collision __knowledge__ Although no one was killed in the accident, 453 people were injured and Back Bay station was closed for six days.", "Gerry Rafferty __knowledge__ Gerald Rafferty (16 April 1947 – 4 January 2011) was a Scottish singer-songwriter known for his solo hits \"Baker Street\", \"Right Down the Line\" and \"Night Owl\", as well as \"Stuck in the Middle with You\" recorded with the band Stealers Wheel.", "Gerry Rafferty __knowledge__ Rafferty was born into a working-class family in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland.", "Gerry Rafferty __knowledge__ His mother taught him both Irish and Scottish folk songs as a boy; later, he was influenced by the music of The Beatles and Bob Dylan.", "Gerry Rafferty __knowledge__ He joined the folk-pop group The Humblebums in 1969.", "Gerry Rafferty __knowledge__ After they disbanded in 1971, he recorded his first solo album, \"Can I Have My Money Back?\"", "Lark (person) __knowledge__ A lark, early bird, morning person or, in Scandinavian countries, an A-person, is a person who usually gets up early in the morning and goes to bed early in the evening.", "Lark (person) __knowledge__ The lark (bird) starts its day very early, which explains the choice of the word lark for people who may sleep from around 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. or earlier.", "Lark (person) __knowledge__ Human \"larks\" tend to feel most energetic just after they get up in the morning.", "Lark (person) __knowledge__ They are thus well-suited for working the day shift.", "Lark (person) __knowledge__ The opposite of the lark is the owl, often awake at night.", "Lark (person) __knowledge__ A person called a night owl is someone who usually stays up late and may feel most awake in the evening and at night.", "Barn owl __knowledge__ The barn owl (\"Tyto alba\") is the most widely distributed species of owl and one of the most widespread of all birds.", "Barn owl __knowledge__ It is also referred to as the common barn owl, to distinguish it from other species in its family, Tytonidae, which forms one of the two main lineages of living owls, the other being the typical owls (Strigidae).", "Barn owl __knowledge__ The barn owl is found almost everywhere in the world except polar and desert regions, Asia north of the Himalayas, most of Indonesia, and some Pacific islands.", "Barn owl __knowledge__ Phylogenetic evidence shows that there are at least three major lineages of barn owl, one in Europe, western Asia and Africa, one in southeast Asia and Australasia, and one in the Americas, and some highly divergent taxa on islands." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ A night owl, evening person or simply owl, is a person who tends to stay up until late at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The opposite of a night owl is an early bird, a lark as opposed to owl, someone who tends to begin sleeping at a time that is considered early and also wakes early.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ In several countries, especially in Scandinavia, early birds are called \"A-people\" and night owls are called \"B-people\".", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers traditionally use the terms \"morningness\" and \"eveningness\" for the two chronotypes or diurnality and nocturnality in animal behavior.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The term is derived from the primarily nocturnal habits of the owl.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Usually, people who are night owls stay awake past midnight and extreme night owls may stay awake until just before or after dawn.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls tend to feel most energetic just before they go to sleep at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls have a preference or habit for staying up late, or stay up to work the night shift.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls who work the day shift often have difficulties adapting to standard day-time working hours.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers have found that the genetic make-up of the circadian timing system underpins the difference between early and late chronotypes, early birds and night owls.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls who have great difficulty adopting normal sleeping and waking times may have delayed sleep-phase disorder.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ This list comprises the items featured in the American fantasy-drama television series \"Once Upon a Time\" and its spin-off \"Once Upon a Time in Wonderland\".", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ The Aging Dust is causes the victim to age.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ The amount of aging depends on the amount of dust used.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ Emma put some in the onion rings she gave Zelena, to accelerate her pregnancy.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ She wanted baby Robin out of the way so she could put the Darkness into Zelena and then kill her with Excalibur.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ Mr. Gold owns some as well as he used it to temporarily age a fairy that he and the Evil Queen chased and captured into an old woman.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ Regina was mentioned to have found a way to restore the fairy back to her rightful age.", "Neuroscience of sleep __knowledge__ The neuroscience of sleep is the study of the neuroscientific and physiological basis of the nature of sleep and its functions.", "Neuroscience of sleep __knowledge__ Traditionally, sleep has been studied as part of psychology and medicine.", "Neuroscience of sleep __knowledge__ The study of sleep from a neuroscience perspective grew to prominence with advances in technology and proliferation of neuroscience research from the second half of the twentieth century.", "Neuroscience of sleep __knowledge__ The fact that organisms daily spend hours of their time in sleep and that sleep deprivation can have disastrous effects ultimately leading to death, demonstrate the importance of sleep.", "Neuroscience of sleep __knowledge__ For a phenomenon so important, the purposes and mechanisms of sleep are only partially understood, so much so that as recently as the late 1990s it was quipped: \"The only known function of sleep is to cure sleepiness\".", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Characters of The Order of the Stick __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the webcomic \"The Order of the Stick\" (OOTS).", "Characters of The Order of the Stick __knowledge__ Celebrating and satirizing tabletop role-playing games and medieval fantasy, this tale of the eponymous fellowship of adventuring heroes is written and illustrated by Rich Burlew in a stick-figure style.", "Characters of The Order of the Stick __knowledge__ Taking place in a magical world that loosely operates by the rules of the 3.5 edition \"Dungeons & Dragons\" (D&D), the comic follows the sometimes-farcical exploits of six adventurers as they strive to save the world from an evil lich.", "Characters of The Order of the Stick __knowledge__ Much of the comic's humor stems from these characters either being aware of the game rules that affect their lives or having anachronistic knowledge of modern culture, which in turn is often used by the author to parody various aspects of role-playing games and fantasy fiction.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ The Night Owl was a passenger train operated by Amtrak on the Northeast Corridor between Washington, D.C., and Boston, Massachusetts, via New York City.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ It operated from 1972 to 1995 on an overnight schedule with sleeper service; it was the only such train on the Northeast Corridor.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ In 1995 Amtrak dropped most individual train names from its Northeast Corridor services and the \"Night Owl\" became another \"NortheastDirect\" service, but still on an overnight schedule.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ Amtrak replaced it with the \"Twilight Shoreliner\" in 1997.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ At first Amtrak did not feature overnight service on the Northeast Corridor.", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ \"Night Owl\" is a song written by James Taylor that was originally released as a single by Taylor's band the Flying Machine, which also included Danny Kortchmar in 1967.", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ Taylor later rerecorded a solo version of the song for his Apple Records debut album \"James Taylor\" in 1968.", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ Subsequently, the Flying Machine version was released on the album \"James Taylor and the Original Flying Machine\".", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ It has also been covered by such artists as Alex Taylor, Carly Simon and Anne Murray.", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ \"Night Owl\" was inspired by the Night Owl Cafe in Greenwich Village in New York City, where the Flying Machine often performed.", "1990 Back Bay, Massachusetts train collision __knowledge__ The 1990 Back Bay, Massachusetts train collision was a collision between an Amtrak passenger train, the \"Night Owl\", and a Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) Stoughton Line commuter train just outside Back Bay station in Boston, Massachusetts.", "1990 Back Bay, Massachusetts train collision __knowledge__ An investigation by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) found that the Amtrak train entered a speed-restricted curve at excessive speed, causing the train to derail and crash into the MBTA commuter train on an adjoining track.", "1990 Back Bay, Massachusetts train collision __knowledge__ Although no one was killed in the accident, 453 people were injured and Back Bay station was closed for six days.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem.", "Great horned owl __knowledge__ The great horned owl (\"Bubo virginianus\"), also known as the tiger owl (originally derived from early naturalists' description as the \"winged tiger\" or \"tiger of the air\") or the hoot owl, is a large owl native to the Americas.", "Great horned owl __knowledge__ It is an extremely adaptable bird with a vast range and is the most widely distributed true owl in the Americas.", "Great horned owl __knowledge__ Its primary diet is rabbits and hares, rats and mice and voles, although it freely hunts any animal it can overtake, including rodents and other small mammals, larger mid-sized mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and invertebrates.", "Great horned owl __knowledge__ In ornithological study, the great horned owl is often compared to the Eurasian eagle-owl (\"Bubo bubo\"), a closely related species which, despite the latter's notably larger size, occupies the same ecological niche in Eurasia, and the red-tailed hawk (\"Buteo jamaicensis\"), with which it often shares similar habitat, prey and nesting habits by day and is thus something of a diurnal ecological equivalent.", "Gerry Rafferty __knowledge__ Gerald Rafferty (16 April 1947 – 4 January 2011) was a Scottish singer-songwriter known for his solo hits \"Baker Street\", \"Right Down the Line\" and \"Night Owl\", as well as \"Stuck in the Middle with You\" recorded with the band Stealers Wheel.", "Gerry Rafferty __knowledge__ Rafferty was born into a working-class family in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland.", "Gerry Rafferty __knowledge__ His mother taught him both Irish and Scottish folk songs as a boy; later, he was influenced by the music of The Beatles and Bob Dylan.", "Gerry Rafferty __knowledge__ He joined the folk-pop group The Humblebums in 1969.", "Gerry Rafferty __knowledge__ After they disbanded in 1971, he recorded his first solo album, \"Can I Have My Money Back?\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ A night owl, evening person or simply owl, is a person who tends to stay up until late at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The opposite of a night owl is an early bird, a lark as opposed to owl, someone who tends to begin sleeping at a time that is considered early and also wakes early.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ In several countries, especially in Scandinavia, early birds are called \"A-people\" and night owls are called \"B-people\".", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers traditionally use the terms \"morningness\" and \"eveningness\" for the two chronotypes or diurnality and nocturnality in animal behavior.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The term is derived from the primarily nocturnal habits of the owl.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Usually, people who are night owls stay awake past midnight and extreme night owls may stay awake until just before or after dawn.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls tend to feel most energetic just before they go to sleep at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls have a preference or habit for staying up late, or stay up to work the night shift.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls who work the day shift often have difficulties adapting to standard day-time working hours.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers have found that the genetic make-up of the circadian timing system underpins the difference between early and late chronotypes, early birds and night owls.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls who have great difficulty adopting normal sleeping and waking times may have delayed sleep-phase disorder.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "With a Little Bit of Luck __knowledge__ \"With a Little Bit of Luck\" is a popular song by Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe, written for the 1956 Broadway play \"My Fair Lady\".", "With a Little Bit of Luck __knowledge__ It was sung by Stanley Holloway as Alfred P. Doolittle in both the original stage and film versions.", "With a Little Bit of Luck __knowledge__ It is sung by Eliza's bin man father, Alfred P. Doolittle and is about a list of everyday situations which one finds themselves in, and a desire to take the easy way out as \"With a Little Bit of Luck\" one's fate might change, thus avoiding any responsibility.", "With a Little Bit of Luck __knowledge__ The song is traditionally sung in a deep Cockney accent.", "With a Little Bit of Luck __knowledge__ The song occurs twice at Act 1 in the musicals.", "A Little Bit __knowledge__ \"A Little Bit\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Jessica Simpson.", "A Little Bit __knowledge__ It was written by Kara DioGuardi, Steve Morales and David Siegel, and was produced by Morales along with Ric Wake.", "A Little Bit __knowledge__ The song was released as the second and final single from Simpson's second studio album \"Irresistible\" (2001), on October 29, 2001 through Columbia Records.", "A Little Bit __knowledge__ Musically, the song is a mid-tempo dance-pop song and the lyrics speak about the protagonist wanting changes in a relationship she is in.", "A Little Bit __knowledge__ The song received mostly positive reviews from music critics; most of them appreciated the song's production.", "A Little Bit __knowledge__ It failed to chart in the United States, but reached number sixty-two on Australian Singles Chart.", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is the film and television scores composed by various composers for the films and television series of that franchise.", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Ramin Djawadi provided the first MCU music with his original score for \"Iron Man\" in 2008.", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Alan Silvestri was the first composer to work on multiple MCU films after he transitioned from scoring \"\" (2011) to \"Marvel's The Avengers\" (2012), while Brian Tyler was the first composer to reference the work of another MCU composer when he quoted Silvestri's \"Captain America March\" in his score for \"\" (2013).", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Original music has also been composed for the Marvel One-Shots short film series, and other related projects of the MCU, including the fanfares for the two Marvel Studios logos, composed by Tyler and Michael Giacchino, respectively.", "XTC __knowledge__ XTC were an English rock band formed in Swindon in 1972 and active until 2006.", "XTC __knowledge__ Led by songwriters Andy Partridge and Colin Moulding, the band gained popularity during the rise of punk and new wave in the 1970s, later playing in a variety of styles that ranged from angular guitar riffs to elaborately arranged pop.", "XTC __knowledge__ Partly because the group did not fit into contemporary trends, they failed to maintain commercial success in the UK and US.", "XTC __knowledge__ They have since attracted a considerable cult following, and are recognised for their influence on Britpop and later power pop acts.", "XTC __knowledge__ Partridge (guitar, vocals) and Moulding (bass, vocals) met at a record store in the early 1970s and subsequently formed a glitter rock outfit with drummer Terry Chambers.", "Irresistible (Jessica Simpson album) __knowledge__ Irresistible is the second studio album by American recording artist Jessica Simpson, released on May 25, 2001, through Columbia Records.", "Irresistible (Jessica Simpson album) __knowledge__ Simpson, who began working on the project in July 2000, contacted already established writers and producers to collaborate on the project, including Cory Rooney, Rodney Jerkins, and Walter Afanasieff.", "Irresistible (Jessica Simpson album) __knowledge__ In contrast to her debut album \"Sweet Kisses\" (1999), which included more ballads, \"Irresistible\" explored hip hop and R&B genres of music.", "Irresistible (Jessica Simpson album) __knowledge__ Simpson described the material as \"Mariah Carey meets Britney Spears\", indicating the soulfulness of the songs as well as their contemporary appeal.", "Transport Accident Commission __knowledge__ The Transport Accident Commission (TAC) is the statutory insurer of third-party personal liability (CTP insurance in other states) for road accidents in the State of Victoria, Australia.", "Transport Accident Commission __knowledge__ It was established under the Transport Accident Act 1986.", "Transport Accident Commission __knowledge__ Its purpose is to fund treatment and support services for people injured in transport accidents.", "Transport Accident Commission __knowledge__ The TAC's support covers medical and non-medical expenses incurred as a result of an accident, for example income support for people whose injuries prevent them from performing normal job duties, or return to work programs, and equipment or aids, such as wheelchairs or crutches that are recommended by a healthcare professional.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ The Night Owl was a passenger train operated by Amtrak on the Northeast Corridor between Washington, D.C., and Boston, Massachusetts, via New York City.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ It operated from 1972 to 1995 on an overnight schedule with sleeper service; it was the only such train on the Northeast Corridor.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ In 1995 Amtrak dropped most individual train names from its Northeast Corridor services and the \"Night Owl\" became another \"NortheastDirect\" service, but still on an overnight schedule.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ Amtrak replaced it with the \"Twilight Shoreliner\" in 1997.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ At first Amtrak did not feature overnight service on the Northeast Corridor.", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ \"Night Owl\" is a song written by James Taylor that was originally released as a single by Taylor's band the Flying Machine, which also included Danny Kortchmar in 1967.", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ Taylor later rerecorded a solo version of the song for his Apple Records debut album \"James Taylor\" in 1968.", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ Subsequently, the Flying Machine version was released on the album \"James Taylor and the Original Flying Machine\".", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ It has also been covered by such artists as Alex Taylor, Carly Simon and Anne Murray.", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ \"Night Owl\" was inspired by the Night Owl Cafe in Greenwich Village in New York City, where the Flying Machine often performed.", "Sally M. Walker __knowledge__ Sally M. Walker (born October 16, 1954) is an American writer of nonfiction for children.", "Sally M. Walker __knowledge__ She is best known for writing about scientific subject matter such as Fossil Fish Found Alive: Discovering the Coelacanth (2005) or Written in Bone: Buried Lives of Jamestown and Colonial Maryland (2009).", "Sally M. Walker __knowledge__ Additionally Walker is known for books written in both Spanish and English (bilingual books) as seen in La Luz/Light (2007) and La Electricidad/Electricity (2007).", "Sally M. Walker __knowledge__ She is also known as Sally Fleming, Sally MacArt Walker, and Sally Macart Walker.", "Sally M. Walker __knowledge__ She was born in East Orange, New Jersey, in 1954 and now lives in DeKalb, Illinois.", "Barn owl __knowledge__ The barn owl (\"Tyto alba\") is the most widely distributed species of owl and one of the most widespread of all birds.", "Barn owl __knowledge__ It is also referred to as the common barn owl, to distinguish it from other species in its family, Tytonidae, which forms one of the two main lineages of living owls, the other being the typical owls (Strigidae).", "Barn owl __knowledge__ The barn owl is found almost everywhere in the world except polar and desert regions, Asia north of the Himalayas, most of Indonesia, and some Pacific islands.", "Barn owl __knowledge__ Phylogenetic evidence shows that there are at least three major lineages of barn owl, one in Europe, western Asia and Africa, one in southeast Asia and Australasia, and one in the Americas, and some highly divergent taxa on islands.", "1990 Back Bay, Massachusetts train collision __knowledge__ The 1990 Back Bay, Massachusetts train collision was a collision between an Amtrak passenger train, the \"Night Owl\", and a Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) Stoughton Line commuter train just outside Back Bay station in Boston, Massachusetts.", "1990 Back Bay, Massachusetts train collision __knowledge__ An investigation by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) found that the Amtrak train entered a speed-restricted curve at excessive speed, causing the train to derail and crash into the MBTA commuter train on an adjoining track.", "1990 Back Bay, Massachusetts train collision __knowledge__ Although no one was killed in the accident, 453 people were injured and Back Bay station was closed for six days.", "Great horned owl __knowledge__ The great horned owl (\"Bubo virginianus\"), also known as the tiger owl (originally derived from early naturalists' description as the \"winged tiger\" or \"tiger of the air\") or the hoot owl, is a large owl native to the Americas.", "Great horned owl __knowledge__ It is an extremely adaptable bird with a vast range and is the most widely distributed true owl in the Americas.", "Great horned owl __knowledge__ Its primary diet is rabbits and hares, rats and mice and voles, although it freely hunts any animal it can overtake, including rodents and other small mammals, larger mid-sized mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and invertebrates.", "Great horned owl __knowledge__ In ornithological study, the great horned owl is often compared to the Eurasian eagle-owl (\"Bubo bubo\"), a closely related species which, despite the latter's notably larger size, occupies the same ecological niche in Eurasia, and the red-tailed hawk (\"Buteo jamaicensis\"), with which it often shares similar habitat, prey and nesting habits by day and is thus something of a diurnal ecological equivalent." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ A night owl, evening person or simply owl, is a person who tends to stay up until late at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The opposite of a night owl is an early bird, a lark as opposed to owl, someone who tends to begin sleeping at a time that is considered early and also wakes early.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ In several countries, especially in Scandinavia, early birds are called \"A-people\" and night owls are called \"B-people\".", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers traditionally use the terms \"morningness\" and \"eveningness\" for the two chronotypes or diurnality and nocturnality in animal behavior.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The term is derived from the primarily nocturnal habits of the owl.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Usually, people who are night owls stay awake past midnight and extreme night owls may stay awake until just before or after dawn.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls tend to feel most energetic just before they go to sleep at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls have a preference or habit for staying up late, or stay up to work the night shift.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls who work the day shift often have difficulties adapting to standard day-time working hours.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers have found that the genetic make-up of the circadian timing system underpins the difference between early and late chronotypes, early birds and night owls.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls who have great difficulty adopting normal sleeping and waking times may have delayed sleep-phase disorder.", "Suki language __knowledge__ Suki is a Gogodala-Suki language spoken by about 3500 people several miles inland along the Fly River in southwestern Papua New Guinea.", "Suki language __knowledge__ Suki is primarily spoken in six villages of the Western Province: Gwaku, Iwewi, Ewe, Gwibaku, Duru, and Isala.", "Suki language __knowledge__ Suki is genetically related to the three other languages of the Gogodala–Suki stock, Gogodala, Ali, and Walua, but is considered a family-level isolate within this group.", "Suki language __knowledge__ As with many Papuan languages, there are very few published materials on Suki.", "Suki language __knowledge__ The literacy rate in Suki is 5-15%, English is the language of instruction in schools and Hiri Motu is also spoken.", "Che (2008 film) __knowledge__ Che is a two-part 2008 biographical film about Argentine Marxist revolutionary Ernesto \"Che\" Guevara, directed by Steven Soderbergh and starring Benicio del Toro.", "Che (2008 film) __knowledge__ Rather than follow a standard chronological order, the films offer an oblique series of interspersed moments along the overall timeline.", "Che (2008 film) __knowledge__ \"Part One\" is entitled \"The Argentine\" and focuses on the Cuban Revolution from the landing of Fidel Castro, Guevara, and other revolutionaries in Cuba to their successful toppling of Fulgencio Batista's dictatorship two years later.", "Che (2008 film) __knowledge__ \"Part Two\" is entitled \"Guerrilla\" and focuses on Guevara's attempt to bring revolution to Bolivia and his demise.", "Mehek language __knowledge__ Mehek is a Tama language spoken by about 6300 people in a somewhat mountainous area along the southern base of the Torricelli Mountains in northwestern Papua New Guinea.", "Mehek language __knowledge__ Mehek is spoken in six villages of Sandaun Province: Nuku, Yiminum, Mansuku, Yifkindu, Wilwil, and Kafle.", "Mehek language __knowledge__ Mehek is most closely related to Pahi, with 51% lexical similarity, and spoken approximately 20 kilometers to the southwest.", "Mehek language __knowledge__ Mehek is a fairly typical Papuan language, being verb-final, having a relatively simple phonology, and agglutinative morphology.", "Mehek language __knowledge__ There is very little published information about Mehek.", "Mehek language __knowledge__ The literacy rate in Tok Pisin, spoken by nearly everyone, is 50-75%.", "How to Have Sex in an Epidemic __knowledge__ How to Have Sex in an Epidemic: One Approach is a 1983 nonfiction manual by Richard Berkowitz and Michael Callen, under the direction of Joseph Sonnabend, to advise men who have sex with men (MSM) about how to avoid contracting the infecting agent which causes AIDS.", "How to Have Sex in an Epidemic __knowledge__ It was among the first publications to recommend the use of condoms to prevent the transmission of STDs in men having sex with men, and has even been named, along with \"Play Fair!,\" as one of the foundational publications in the advent of modern safe sex.", "How to Have Sex in an Epidemic __knowledge__ The booklet was co-written by Michael Callen and Richard Berkowitz, with scientific advisement from Dr. Sonnabend.", "Police abuse of sex workers in the United States __knowledge__ Police are often a significant source of abuse for sex workers, particularly poor sex workers.", "Police abuse of sex workers in the United States __knowledge__ Greater exposure to the police often means more experience of police abuse; one study found that sex workers with greater police oversight were more likely to be obliged to provide free sexual services to the police than sex workers with less police oversight.", "Police abuse of sex workers in the United States __knowledge__ For some groups of sex workers in some locations in the U.S., police are the primary source of violence.", "Police abuse of sex workers in the United States __knowledge__ Police may be the most abusive towards sex workers who have experienced the most victimization from other sources; a study found that sex workers who had been manipulated, coerced, or forced into sex work were more likely to suffer police abuse than sex workers who chose to enter sex work.", "Lexicon Gaming Convention __knowledge__ LexiCon Gaming Convention is a tabletop board game focused convention in Lexington, KY, held every spring at the Clarion Hotel and Convention Center.", "Lexicon Gaming Convention __knowledge__ LexiCon features a game library of over 1,200 titles, provided by LexiCon founders, convention supporters, local board game groups and the convention itself.", "Lexicon Gaming Convention __knowledge__ LexiCon is notable for the large number of events it hosts relative to its size and regional nature.", "Lexicon Gaming Convention __knowledge__ These events include Learn-to-Play activities, tournaments, RPG events, Cosplay demonstrations and parties in addition to scheduled and unscheduled individual games.", "Lexicon Gaming Convention __knowledge__ In addition to these events, an exhibit hall with vendors and exhibitors is available to attendees as well as the general public.", "Green Drinks __knowledge__ Green Drinks is an informal networking event where environmentally minded people meet over drinks.", "Green Drinks __knowledge__ Started in London in 1989, by Edwin Datschefski, Paul Scott, Ian Grant and Yorick Benjamin, it has spread to 51 cities in the United Kingdom, 400 in the U.S. and many more in Canada, Germany, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, Japan, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Hong Kong, Manila, New Zealand, Australia, Argentina, Chile, Puerto Rico and Lebanon.", "Green Drinks __knowledge__ As of March 2011, 770 Green Drink Chapters have been established worldwide.", "Green Drinks __knowledge__ The New York City Chapter was founded by Margaret Lydecker in July 2002 and is the largest global chapter with 14,000+ members.", "Origin of birds __knowledge__ The scientific question of within which larger group of animals birds evolved, has traditionally been called the origin of birds.", "Origin of birds __knowledge__ The present scientific consensus is that birds are a group of theropod dinosaurs that originated during the Mesozoic Era.", "Origin of birds __knowledge__ A close relationship between birds and dinosaurs was first proposed in the nineteenth century after the discovery of the primitive bird \"Archaeopteryx\" in Germany.", "Origin of birds __knowledge__ Birds share many unique skeletal features with dinosaurs.", "Origin of birds __knowledge__ Moreover, fossils of more than twenty species of dinosaur have been collected with preserved feathers.", "Origin of birds __knowledge__ There are even very small dinosaurs, such as \"Microraptor\" and \"Anchiornis\", which have long, vaned, arm and leg feathers forming wings.", "Bird flight __knowledge__ Bird flight is the primary mode of locomotion used by most bird species.", "Bird flight __knowledge__ Flight assists birds while feeding, breeding, avoiding predators, and migrating.", "Bird flight __knowledge__ Bird flight is one of the most complex forms of locomotion in the animal kingdom.", "Bird flight __knowledge__ Each facet of this type of motion, including hovering, taking off, and landing, involves many complex movements.", "Bird flight __knowledge__ As different bird species have adapted to specific environments, prey, predators, and other needs, they have developed varied forms of wings and varied forms of flight.", "Bird flight __knowledge__ Research into how birds fly has yielded various theories as to the evolution of bird flight, a topic that is still hotly debated among scholars.", "Dinosaur __knowledge__ Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria.", "Dinosaur __knowledge__ They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 243 and 231 million years ago, although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is the subject of active research.", "Dinosaur __knowledge__ They became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event 201 million years ago; their dominance continued through the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.", "Dinosaur __knowledge__ The fossil record indicates that birds are modern feathered dinosaurs, having evolved from earlier theropods during the late Jurassic Period.", "Dinosaur __knowledge__ As such, birds were the only dinosaur lineage to survive the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago.", "K-Rockathon __knowledge__ K-Rockathon is an annual music festival held in the Central New York region of New York sponsored by Galaxy Communications-owned radio stations WKLL/WKRL-FM/WKRH.", "K-Rockathon __knowledge__ These concerts have been held at venues in Vernon, Syracuse, Oswego, Utica, and Weedsport, NY.", "K-Rockathon __knowledge__ Local bands are showcased at the event along with nationally-touring rock music acts.", "K-Rockathon __knowledge__ Since its inception, the K-Rockathon has showcased many subgenres of rock music from alternative rock, to rap rock, to straight metal.", "K-Rockathon __knowledge__ The K-Rockathon began in 1996 when modern rock-formatted radio stations WKRL-FM in Syracuse, WKRH in Minetto and WKLL in Frankfort felt they needed to throw a party for all of their listeners, where rock music fans in Central New York could listen to some of their favorite bands.", "Vikings __knowledge__ Vikings (Old English: \"wicing\"—\"pirate\", Danish and ; Swedish and ; , from Old Norse) were Norse seafarers, mainly speaking the Old Norse language, who raided and traded from their Northern European homelands across wide areas of northern, central, eastern and western Europe, during the late 8th to late 11th centuries.", "Vikings __knowledge__ The term is also commonly extended in modern English and other vernaculars to the inhabitants of Viking home communities during what has become known as the Viking Age.", "Vikings __knowledge__ This period of Nordic military, mercantile and demographic expansion constitutes an important element in the early medieval history of Scandinavia, Estonia, the British Isles, France, Kievan Rus' and Sicily.", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ The northern goshawk (Old English: \"gōsheafoc\", \"goose-hawk\"), Accipiter gentilis, is a medium-large raptor in the family Accipitridae, which also includes other extant diurnal raptors, such as eagles, buzzards and harriers.", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ As a species in the \"Accipiter\" genus, the goshawk is often considered a \"true hawk\".", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ The scientific name is Latin; \"Accipiter\" is \"hawk\", from \"accipere\", \"to grasp\", and \"gentilis\" is \"noble\" or \"gentle\" because in the Middle Ages only the nobility were permitted to fly goshawks for falconry.", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ This species was first described under its current scientific name by Linnaeus in his \"Systema naturae\" in 1758." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 3 ]

[ "I am a night owl which is a person who tends to stay up late at night how about you?", "The opposite of night owl is an early bird which is something i am not !", "In other parts of the world such as scandinavia early birds are called A- People", "Not much information on that but a b person is considered a night owl" ]

[ "Night owl (person)", "Night owl (person)", "Night owl (person)", "Night owl (person)" ]

[ "Anime\nI like Anime, but i don't really know too much about it's history and techniques.", "No, I am new to Anime, nut Death Note sounds interesting. Who makes it?", "Cool, i will look for it. Any other suggestions?", "Is Hellsing like the movie Van Hellsing, or is it something different?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Anime __knowledge__ Anime ( ), also called Japanimation, is hand-drawn or computer animation associated with Japan.", "Anime __knowledge__ The word \"anime\" is the Japanese term for \"animation\", which means all forms of animated media.", "Anime __knowledge__ Outside Japan, \"anime\" refers specifically to animation from Japan or as a Japanese-disseminated animation style often characterized by colorful graphics, vibrant characters and fantastical themes.", "Anime __knowledge__ Arguably, the culturally abstract approach to the word's meaning may open up the possibility of anime produced in countries other than Japan.", "Anime __knowledge__ For simplicity, many Westerners strictly view anime as a Japanese animation product.", "Anime __knowledge__ Some scholars suggest defining anime as specifically or quintessentially Japanese may be related to a new form of orientalism.", "Anime __knowledge__ The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917, and Japanese anime production has since continued to increase steadily.", "Anime __knowledge__ The characteristic anime art style emerged in the 1960s with the works of Osamu Tezuka and spread internationally in the late twentieth century, developing a large domestic and international audience.", "Anime __knowledge__ Anime is distributed theatrically, by way of television broadcasts, directly to home media, and over the Internet.", "Anime __knowledge__ It is classified into numerous genres targeting diverse broad and niche audiences.", "List of Naruto characters __knowledge__ The manga and anime series features an extensive cast of characters created by Masashi Kishimoto.", "List of Naruto characters __knowledge__ The series takes place in a fictional universe where countries vie for power by employing ninja who can use superhuman abilities in combat.", "List of Naruto characters __knowledge__ The storyline is divided into two parts, simply named Part I and Part II, with the latter taking place two-and-a-half years after the conclusion of Part I.", "List of Naruto characters __knowledge__ It is followed by the sequel series \"\" by Ukyō Kodachi, which continues where the epilogue of the first series left off.", "List of Naruto characters __knowledge__ The series' storyline follows the adventures of a group of young ninja from the village of Konohagakure.", "List of Samurai Deeper Kyo characters __knowledge__ This article lists major characters from the anime and manga \"Samurai Deeper Kyo\" his real name is Mibu Kyo, is a legendary man known for his red, demon-like eyes, and called the \"Thousand Slayer\" for killing over one thousand samurai during the Battle of Sekigahara before being defeated by a young man named Mibu Kyoshiro.", "List of Samurai Deeper Kyo characters __knowledge__ After his defeat, his mind fused with Kyoshiro and his body was hidden away somewhere in the forest of Aokigahara.", "List of Samurai Deeper Kyo characters __knowledge__ He is very sadistic and enjoys slaughtering anyone.", "List of Samurai Deeper Kyo characters __knowledge__ Over time, his bloodlust slowly decreases though he still kills without mercy.", "List of Samurai Deeper Kyo characters __knowledge__ It continues to surface at times, though training with Muramasa helps fully calm him.", "List of Ranma ½ characters __knowledge__ The \"Ranma ½\" manga series features a cast of characters created by Rumiko Takahashi.", "List of Ranma ½ characters __knowledge__ The story revolves around the Japanese teenage boy Ranma Saotome who has trained in martial arts since early childhood.", "List of Ranma ½ characters __knowledge__ As a result of an accident during a training journey in China, he is cursed to become a girl when splashed with cold water, while hot water changes him back into a boy.", "List of Ranma ½ characters __knowledge__ Throughout the series Ranma seeks out a way to rid his curse, while his friends, enemies and many fiancées constantly hinder and interfere.", "List of Ranma ½ characters __knowledge__ Many of the characters are similarly cursed to turn into animals or other creatures when splashed and are skilled in different and unusual types of martial arts.", "List of Dragon Ball characters __knowledge__ The \"Dragon Ball\" manga series features an extensive cast of characters created by Akira Toriyama.", "List of Dragon Ball characters __knowledge__ The series takes place in a fictional universe, the same as Toriyama's previous series \"Dr. Slump\", and follows the adventures of Son Goku from his childhood through adulthood as he trains in martial arts and explores the world in search of the seven orbs known as the Dragon Balls that are used to summon a wish-granting dragon.", "List of Dragon Ball characters __knowledge__ During the course of the story, he encounters allies such as Bulma, Kuririn, and Trunks, rivals such as Tenshinhan, Piccolo, and Vegeta, and enemies such as Freeza, Cell, Majin Boo and Zamasu.", "List of Death Note characters __knowledge__ The manga series \"Death Note\" features an extensive cast of fictional characters designed by Takeshi Obata with their storylines created by Tsugumi Ohba.", "List of Death Note characters __knowledge__ In the fictional stories featured in the \"Death Note\" universe, Tsugumi Ohba, the story writer, created characters that lived in a world featuring a notebook in which names written on it would lead to the ones named to die, typically the cause of death being a heart attack when otherwise not specified.", "List of Death Note characters __knowledge__ The story follows the novel of a character named \"Light Yagami\", who uses the notebook he found in order to \"cleanse\" the world of those humans which he deemed unfit for society.", "List of Fairy Tail characters __knowledge__ The main protagonists are Natsu Dragneel, a wizard with the powers of a dragonslayer who is searching for his adoptive dragon father Igneel, and Lucy Heartfilia, a celestial wizard who joins the Fairy Tail guild.", "List of Fairy Tail characters __knowledge__ In the early part of the series, they form a team including: Happy, a flying cat and best friend of Natsu; Gray Fullbuster, an ice wizard; and Erza Scarlet, a knight who specializes in using various magic weapons and armors.", "List of Fairy Tail characters __knowledge__ Throughout the series, Lucy and Natsu interact with and befriend other wizards and guilds in Fiore.", "List of Fairy Tail characters __knowledge__ They also encounter various antagonists from illegal \"dark\" guilds, and Zeref, an ancient wizard who is the series' main antagonist." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Anime __knowledge__ Anime ( ), also called Japanimation, is hand-drawn or computer animation associated with Japan.", "Anime __knowledge__ The word \"anime\" is the Japanese term for \"animation\", which means all forms of animated media.", "Anime __knowledge__ Outside Japan, \"anime\" refers specifically to animation from Japan or as a Japanese-disseminated animation style often characterized by colorful graphics, vibrant characters and fantastical themes.", "Anime __knowledge__ Arguably, the culturally abstract approach to the word's meaning may open up the possibility of anime produced in countries other than Japan.", "Anime __knowledge__ For simplicity, many Westerners strictly view anime as a Japanese animation product.", "Anime __knowledge__ Some scholars suggest defining anime as specifically or quintessentially Japanese may be related to a new form of orientalism.", "Anime __knowledge__ The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917, and Japanese anime production has since continued to increase steadily.", "Anime __knowledge__ The characteristic anime art style emerged in the 1960s with the works of Osamu Tezuka and spread internationally in the late twentieth century, developing a large domestic and international audience.", "Anime __knowledge__ Anime is distributed theatrically, by way of television broadcasts, directly to home media, and over the Internet.", "Anime __knowledge__ It is classified into numerous genres targeting diverse broad and niche audiences.", "List of Death Note characters __knowledge__ The manga series \"Death Note\" features an extensive cast of fictional characters designed by Takeshi Obata with their storylines created by Tsugumi Ohba.", "List of Death Note characters __knowledge__ In the fictional stories featured in the \"Death Note\" universe, Tsugumi Ohba, the story writer, created characters that lived in a world featuring a notebook in which names written on it would lead to the ones named to die, typically the cause of death being a heart attack when otherwise not specified.", "List of Death Note characters __knowledge__ The story follows the novel of a character named \"Light Yagami\", who uses the notebook he found in order to \"cleanse\" the world of those humans which he deemed unfit for society.", "Death Note __knowledge__ \"Death Note\" was first serialized in Shueisha's manga magazine \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\" from December 2003 to May 2006.", "Death Note __knowledge__ The 108 chapters were collected and published into 12 \"tankōbon\" volumes between May 2004 and October 2006.", "Death Note __knowledge__ An anime television adaptation aired in Japan from October 3, 2006 to June 26, 2007.", "Death Note __knowledge__ Composed of 37 episodes, the anime was developed by Madhouse and directed by Tetsuro Araki.", "Death Note __knowledge__ A light novel based on the series, written by Nisio Isin, was also released in 2006.", "Death Note __knowledge__ Additionally, various video games have been published by Konami for the Nintendo DS.", "Death Note __knowledge__ The series was adapted into three live-action films released in Japan on June 17, 2006, , and , and a television drama in 2015.", "Light Yagami __knowledge__ In the anime adaptation, he is voiced by Mamoru Miyano in Japanese and by Brad Swaile in the English version.", "Light Yagami __knowledge__ In the live-action film series, he is portrayed by Tatsuya Fujiwara with Swaile reprising his role as his English dub voice; he is portrayed by both Kenji Urai and Hayato Kakizawa in the musical; in the TV drama, he is portrayed by Masataka Kubota; and his counterpart in the American film is portrayed by Nat Wolff.", "Light Yagami __knowledge__ Tsugumi Ohba, the story writer of \"Death Note\", said that his editor suggested the family name \"Yagami\" for Light.", "Light Yagami __knowledge__ Ohba said that he did not feel \"too concerned\" about the meaning of the name (the Kanji for \"Yagami\" are \"night\" and \"god\"); he said that after he created the final scene in the manga he \"liked\" that the final scene created \"deeper significance\" in the name, of Kira worshippers worshipping him at night under the light of the moon – his given name Raito/Light is written with the character for \"moon\".", "Misa Amane __knowledge__ In the anime adaptation, Misa is voiced by Aya Hirano in Japanese and by Shannon Chan-Kent in the English version.", "Misa Amane __knowledge__ In the live-action adaptations, she is portrayed by Erika Toda in the films, by Fuuka Yuzuki in the musical, and by Hinako Sano in the television drama.", "Misa Amane __knowledge__ Her counterpart in the American film is portrayed by Margaret Qualley.", "Misa Amane __knowledge__ Tsugumi Ohba, writer of \"Death Note\", decided to create Misa to be the second Kira before the serialization began.", "Misa Amane __knowledge__ Ohba felt that having the story solely consist of males would be \"boring\" and wanted \"a cute female\".", "Misa Amane __knowledge__ Ohba, intending to introduce her with the Shinigami Eyes, described her as having to be \"spontaneous and not too bright\" and that he determined her personality \"from the start\".", "L (Death Note) __knowledge__ In the anime adaptation, he is voiced by Kappei Yamaguchi in Japanese, and by Alessandro Juliani in English.", "L (Death Note) __knowledge__ He is portrayed by Kenichi Matsuyama in the live-action film series, and by Kento Yamazaki in the TV drama.", "L (Death Note) __knowledge__ His counterpart in the American film is portrayed by Lakeith Stanfield.", "L (Death Note) __knowledge__ Tsugumi Ohba, the writer of the series, created L as a young adult, since he believed the story would not hold much interest if L were significantly older than his opponent, Light.", "L (Death Note) __knowledge__ For L's name, he wanted to use a single letter with a lot of significance; he considered \"I\" and \"J\", but eventually he chose \"L\" after careful consideration.", "Mello (Death Note) __knowledge__ , universally referred to by the mononym , is a fictional character in the manga series \"Death Note\", created by Tsugumi Ohba and Takeshi Obata.", "Mello (Death Note) __knowledge__ Mello is introduced alongside Near as a potential substitute for L. Both Mello and Near were raised at Wammy's House, an orphanage established by Watari, L's assistant.", "Mello (Death Note) __knowledge__ However, Mello refuses to work with Near to capture a murderer dubbed \"Kira\".", "Mello (Death Note) __knowledge__ Over the course of \"Death Note\", he joins the mafia, obtains a Death Note, causes the death of some people, and dies before he can expose Kira's identity.", "Mello (Death Note) __knowledge__ Mello has also appeared in other media from the series, including video games, and light novels.", "Ryuk (Death Note) __knowledge__ In the anime adaptation, Ryuk is voiced by Nakamura Shidō in Japanese and by Brian Drummond in the English version.", "Ryuk (Death Note) __knowledge__ Both actors reprise their roles for voicing the computer-generated version of the character in the live-action films, with Jun Fukushima voicing the CG version in the live-action television drama.", "Ryuk (Death Note) __knowledge__ In the musical, Ryuk was portrayed by Kōtarō Yoshida.", "Ryuk (Death Note) __knowledge__ Willem Dafoe provided the voice acting and facial motion capture in the American live-action film adaptation.", "Ryuk (Death Note) __knowledge__ Ohba said that he always mentioned apples in the thumbnails because he wished to use \"the dying message that Shinigami only eat apples\" and therefore he needed Ryuk to hold apples and that \"There's no other reason.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Anime __knowledge__ Anime ( ), also called Japanimation, is hand-drawn or computer animation associated with Japan.", "Anime __knowledge__ The word \"anime\" is the Japanese term for \"animation\", which means all forms of animated media.", "Anime __knowledge__ Outside Japan, \"anime\" refers specifically to animation from Japan or as a Japanese-disseminated animation style often characterized by colorful graphics, vibrant characters and fantastical themes.", "Anime __knowledge__ Arguably, the culturally abstract approach to the word's meaning may open up the possibility of anime produced in countries other than Japan.", "Anime __knowledge__ For simplicity, many Westerners strictly view anime as a Japanese animation product.", "Anime __knowledge__ Some scholars suggest defining anime as specifically or quintessentially Japanese may be related to a new form of orientalism.", "Anime __knowledge__ The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917, and Japanese anime production has since continued to increase steadily.", "Anime __knowledge__ The characteristic anime art style emerged in the 1960s with the works of Osamu Tezuka and spread internationally in the late twentieth century, developing a large domestic and international audience.", "Anime __knowledge__ Anime is distributed theatrically, by way of television broadcasts, directly to home media, and over the Internet.", "Anime __knowledge__ It is classified into numerous genres targeting diverse broad and niche audiences.", "Hypnosis __knowledge__ Hypnosis is a state of human consciousness involving focused attention and reduced peripheral awareness and an enhanced capacity to respond to suggestion.", "Hypnosis __knowledge__ The term may also refer to an art, skill, or act of inducing hypnosis.", "Hypnosis __knowledge__ Theories explaining what occurs during hypnosis fall into two groups.", "Hypnosis __knowledge__ \"Altered state\" theories see hypnosis as an altered state of mind or trance, marked by a level of awareness different from the ordinary conscious state.", "Hypnosis __knowledge__ In contrast, \"nonstate\" theories see hypnosis as a form of imaginative role enactment.", "Hypnosis __knowledge__ During hypnosis, a person is said to have heightened focus and concentration.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Coolness is an aesthetic of attitude, behavior, comportment, appearance and style which is generally admired.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Because of the varied and changing connotations of cool, as well as its subjective nature, the word has no single meaning.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ It has associations of composure and self-control (cf.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ the OED definition) and often is used as an expression of admiration or approval.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Although commonly regarded as slang, it is widely used among disparate social groups and has endured in usage for generations.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ There is no single concept of cool.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ One of the essential characteristics of cool is its mutability—what is considered cool changes over time and varies among cultures and generations.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ James Todd Smith (born January 14, 1968), better known by his stage name LL Cool J (short for Ladies Love Cool James), is an American rapper, actor, author and entrepreneur from Queens, New York.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ He is known for such hip hop hits as \"Going Back to Cali\", \"I'm Bad\", \"The Boomin' System\", \"Rock The Bells\" and \"Mama Said Knock You Out\", as well as romantic ballads such as \"Doin' It\", \"I Need Love\", \"Around the Way Girl\" and \"Hey Lover\".", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ LL Cool J has released 13 studio albums and two greatest hits compilations.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ His twelfth album \"Exit 13\" (2008), was his last for his long-tenured deal with Def Jam Recordings.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ \"Cool for the Summer\" is a song recorded by American singer Demi Lovato.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ It serves as the lead single from her fifth studio album, \"Confident\" (2015).", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ The song was released on July 1, 2015, by Hollywood, and Island Records, and made its radio premiere on the same date via Republic Records.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ Lovato co-wrote \"Cool for the Summer\" with Alexander Erik Kronlund, Savan Kotecha, and the song's producers Max Martin and Ali Payami.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ Musically, it is a pop rock song featuring electronic instrumental arrangement.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ The song garnered attention for its bi-curious insinuations and sexually suggestive lyrics.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ \"Cool for the Summer\" topped the digital chart in Greece and peaked within the top 10 in Lebanon, Mexico, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, as well as the top 20 in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Ireland, Slovakia, Spain, and the United States.", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ \"Reflective surfaces\" are surfaces that can deliver high solar reflectance (the ability to reflect the visible, infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths of the sun, reducing heat transfer to the surface) and high thermal emittance (the ability to radiate absorbed, or non-reflected solar energy).", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ Reflective surfaces are a form of geoengineering.", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ The most well-known type of reflective surface is the \"cool roof\".", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ While cool roofs are mostly associated with white roofs, they come in a variety of colors and materials and are available for both commercial and residential buildings.", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ Today's \"cool roof\" pigments allow metal roofing products to be EnergyStar rated in dark colors, even black.", "Cluedo __knowledge__ Cluedo ()—known as Clue in North America—is a murder mystery game for three to six players, devised by Anthony E. Pratt from Birmingham, England.", "Cluedo __knowledge__ The game was first manufactured by Waddingtons in the UK in 1949.", "Cluedo __knowledge__ Since then, it has been relaunched and updated several times, and it is currently owned and published by the American game and toy company Hasbro.", "Cluedo __knowledge__ The object of the game is to determine who murdered the game's victim (\"Dr. Black\" in the UK version and \"Mr. Boddy\" in North American versions), where the crime took place, and which weapon was used.", "Cluedo __knowledge__ Each player assumes the role of one of the six suspects, and attempts to deduce the correct answer by strategically moving around a game board representing the rooms of a mansion and collecting clues about the circumstances of the murder from the other players.", "NME's Cool List __knowledge__ \"NME\" Cool List is an annual listing of popular musicians compiled by the weekly British music magazine \"NME\".", "NME's Cool List __knowledge__ The list is created each November by the magazine's writers and journalists, and is based on the 50 musicians that they consider to be the \"coolest\".", "NME's Cool List __knowledge__ Each year's list is first announced by \"NME\" through both a dedicated issue of their magazine and their official website, NME.com – the Cool List issue often attracts high sales.", "NME's Cool List __knowledge__ The list was first published in 2002, to highlight the people who were \"at the forefront of the music scene\" – Jack White, the lead singer of American rock band The White Stripes, topped the first poll.", "List of Death Note chapters __knowledge__ This is a list of the chapters of the Japanese manga series \"Death Note\", written by Tsugumi Ohba and illustrated by Takeshi Obata.", "List of Death Note chapters __knowledge__ The individual chapters were originally serialized in Shueisha's \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\", from December 2003 to May 2006, with 108 chapters in all.", "List of Death Note chapters __knowledge__ The series primarily focuses on high school student Light Yagami who decides to use a supernatural notebook called the \"Death Note\", which kills anyone whose name is written in it, to rid the world of evil.", "List of Death Note chapters __knowledge__ \"Death Note\" has been compiled into twelve \"tankōbon\" in Japan, with the first being released on April 2, 2004, and the twelfth on July 4, 2006.", "Death Note __knowledge__ \"Death Note\" was first serialized in Shueisha's manga magazine \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\" from December 2003 to May 2006.", "Death Note __knowledge__ The 108 chapters were collected and published into 12 \"tankōbon\" volumes between May 2004 and October 2006.", "Death Note __knowledge__ An anime television adaptation aired in Japan from October 3, 2006 to June 26, 2007.", "Death Note __knowledge__ Composed of 37 episodes, the anime was developed by Madhouse and directed by Tetsuro Araki.", "Death Note __knowledge__ A light novel based on the series, written by Nisio Isin, was also released in 2006.", "Death Note __knowledge__ Additionally, various video games have been published by Konami for the Nintendo DS.", "Death Note __knowledge__ The series was adapted into three live-action films released in Japan on June 17, 2006, , and , and a television drama in 2015.", "Hellsing __knowledge__ The series premiered in \"Young King OURs\" in 1997 and ended in September 2008.", "Hellsing __knowledge__ The individual chapters were subsequently collected and published in 10 \"tankōbon\" volumes by Shōnen Gahōsha.", "Hellsing __knowledge__ The series was licensed for English language release in North America by Dark Horse Comics, in Australia and New Zealand by Madman Entertainment, and in Singapore by Chuang Yi.", "Hellsing __knowledge__ In 2001, Hirano began publishing chapters of a prequel series, \"\", in special editions of \"Young King OURs\", with six chapters released as of September 2008.", "Hellsing __knowledge__ An anime series of the same name was produced by Gonzo.", "Hellsing __knowledge__ Directed by Umanosuke Iida, the series was based on the manga, but used a screenplay by Chiaki J. Konaka and was significantly different from the manga in terms of plot, though it used some of the same characters and similar character designs.", "List of fraternities and sororities at the University of Minnesota __knowledge__ The number of Fraternities and Sororities at the University of Minnesota is extensive.", "List of fraternities and sororities at the University of Minnesota __knowledge__ Approximately 11% of the student body participate in one of the 60 chapters of social fraternities or sororities at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities campus.", "List of fraternities and sororities at the University of Minnesota __knowledge__ In 2017, 3,400 students participated in these groups not counting unaffiliated groups such as academic, honorific and professional societies.", "List of fraternities and sororities at the University of Minnesota __knowledge__ Counting past and present, more than half of its 200 organizations remain active today, the pioneers of which have had a presence on the University of Minnesota campus for over 140 years.", "List of fraternities and sororities at the University of Minnesota __knowledge__ The university's \"Greek System\" includes professional fraternities, honor societies, service fraternities, and religious fraternities along with the highly visible residential undergrad academic and social chapters.", "History of encyclopedias __knowledge__ Encyclopedias have progressed from the beginning of history in written form, through medieval and modern times in print, and most recently, displayed on computer and distributed via computer networks.", "History of encyclopedias __knowledge__ Encyclopedias have existed for around 2,000 years.", "History of encyclopedias __knowledge__ Marcus Terentius Varro (; 116 BC – 27 BC) was an ancient Roman scholar and writer.", "History of encyclopedias __knowledge__ His \"Nine Books of Disciplines\" became a model for later encyclopedists, especially Pliny the Elder.", "History of encyclopedias __knowledge__ The most noteworthy portion of the \"Nine Books of Disciplines\" is its use of the liberal arts as organizing principles.", "History of encyclopedias __knowledge__ Varro decided to focus on identifying nine of these arts: grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, musical theory, medicine, and architecture.", "History of the Encyclopædia Britannica __knowledge__ The \"Encyclopædia Britannica\" has been published continuously since 1768, appearing in fifteen official editions.", "History of the Encyclopædia Britannica __knowledge__ Several editions have been amended with multi-volume \"supplements\" (3rd, 5th/6th), consisted of previous editions with added supplements (10th, and 12th/13th) or undergone drastic re-organizations (15th).", "History of the Encyclopædia Britannica __knowledge__ In recent years, digital versions of the \"Britannica\" have been developed, both online and on optical media.", "History of the Encyclopædia Britannica __knowledge__ Since the early 1930s, the \"Britannica\" has developed several \"spin-off\" products to leverage its reputation as a reliable reference work and educational tool.", "History of the Encyclopædia Britannica __knowledge__ Encyclopedias of various types had been published since antiquity, beginning with the collected works of Aristotle and the \"Natural History\" of Pliny the Elder, the latter having 2493 articles in 37 books.", "Nikolai Leskov __knowledge__ Nikolai Semyonovich Leskov (; – ) was a Russian novelist, short-story writer, playwright, and journalist, who also wrote under the pseudonym M. Stebnitsky.", "Nikolai Leskov __knowledge__ Praised for his unique writing style and innovative experiments in form, and held in high esteem by Leo Tolstoy, Anton Chekhov and Maxim Gorky among others, Leskov is credited with creating a comprehensive picture of contemporary Russian society using mostly short literary forms.", "Nikolai Leskov __knowledge__ His major works include \"Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk\" (1865) (which was later made into an opera by Shostakovich), \"The Cathedral Clergy\" (1872), \"The Enchanted Wanderer\" (1873), and \"The Tale of Cross-eyed Lefty from Tula and the Steel Flea\" (1881)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Anime __knowledge__ Anime ( ), also called Japanimation, is hand-drawn or computer animation associated with Japan.", "Anime __knowledge__ The word \"anime\" is the Japanese term for \"animation\", which means all forms of animated media.", "Anime __knowledge__ Outside Japan, \"anime\" refers specifically to animation from Japan or as a Japanese-disseminated animation style often characterized by colorful graphics, vibrant characters and fantastical themes.", "Anime __knowledge__ Arguably, the culturally abstract approach to the word's meaning may open up the possibility of anime produced in countries other than Japan.", "Anime __knowledge__ For simplicity, many Westerners strictly view anime as a Japanese animation product.", "Anime __knowledge__ Some scholars suggest defining anime as specifically or quintessentially Japanese may be related to a new form of orientalism.", "Anime __knowledge__ The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917, and Japanese anime production has since continued to increase steadily.", "Anime __knowledge__ The characteristic anime art style emerged in the 1960s with the works of Osamu Tezuka and spread internationally in the late twentieth century, developing a large domestic and international audience.", "Anime __knowledge__ Anime is distributed theatrically, by way of television broadcasts, directly to home media, and over the Internet.", "Anime __knowledge__ It is classified into numerous genres targeting diverse broad and niche audiences.", "List of Hellsing characters __knowledge__ \"Hellsing\" is a manga series created by Kouta Hirano about a powerful vampire named Alucard and his battle against supernatural forces in service of the Hellsing Organization.", "List of Hellsing characters __knowledge__ The manga has two animated adaptations—a television series by Gonzo which was produced early in the manga's original run and features a largely original screenplay by Chiaki J. Konaka; and \"Hellsing Ultimate\", an original video animation series produced by Geneon that more closely follows the plot of the manga.", "List of Hellsing characters __knowledge__ The series primarily takes place in the United Kingdom, which is under attack by the undead forces of a rogue Nazi battalion which survived the end of World War II.", "Hellsing __knowledge__ The series premiered in \"Young King OURs\" in 1997 and ended in September 2008.", "Hellsing __knowledge__ The individual chapters were subsequently collected and published in 10 \"tankōbon\" volumes by Shōnen Gahōsha.", "Hellsing __knowledge__ The series was licensed for English language release in North America by Dark Horse Comics, in Australia and New Zealand by Madman Entertainment, and in Singapore by Chuang Yi.", "Hellsing __knowledge__ In 2001, Hirano began publishing chapters of a prequel series, \"\", in special editions of \"Young King OURs\", with six chapters released as of September 2008.", "Hellsing __knowledge__ An anime series of the same name was produced by Gonzo.", "Hellsing __knowledge__ Directed by Umanosuke Iida, the series was based on the manga, but used a screenplay by Chiaki J. Konaka and was significantly different from the manga in terms of plot, though it used some of the same characters and similar character designs.", "Alucard (Hellsing) __knowledge__ As revealed in volume 8 of the manga, he is Count Dracula (\"Alucard\" is \"Dracula\" spelled backwards).", "Alucard (Hellsing) __knowledge__ Soon after the events presented in Bram Stoker's original novel, Dracula was defeated by Abraham Van Helsing and became the family's loyal servant.", "Alucard (Hellsing) __knowledge__ Decades later, Abraham's descendant Arthur Hellsing gives the Count his current name: \"Alucard\".", "Alucard (Hellsing) __knowledge__ The manga is set over a hundred years later, where the Hellsing Organization is forced to fight the remnants of a Nazi battalion.", "Alucard (Hellsing) __knowledge__ He typically dresses in a distinctive Victorian and western fashion, with a charcoal suit, leather riding boots, a red cravat, and a long red duster (resembling Van Helsing's duster).", "List of Hellsing episodes __knowledge__ The episodes of the \"Hellsing\" anime series premiered on Fuji Television on October 10, 2001 and ran for thirteen episodes until its conclusion on January 16, 2002.", "List of Hellsing episodes __knowledge__ Produced by Gonzo, directed by Umanosuke Iida and written by Chiaki J. Konaka, the episodes are based on the characters and settings of the \"Hellsing\" manga series by Kouta Hirano but lead through a different story.", "List of Hellsing episodes __knowledge__ The episodes as a whole detail the works of the Hellsing Organization, a secret anti-paranormal unit under the command of Sir Integra Wingates Hellsing, and its various operatives including the vampire Alucard and his fledgling partner, ex-policewoman Seras Victoria.", "Kouta Hirano __knowledge__ Hirano said he learned how to be a manga artist from reading Akira Toriyama and Akira Sakuma's \"Hetappi Manga Kenkyūjo\".", "Kouta Hirano __knowledge__ Starting his career first as a manga artist's assistant (self-described as \"horrible\" and \"lazy\" in said assistant position), and later a hentai manga artist, he went on to enjoy somewhat limited success with other relatively unknown manga titles such as \"Angel Dust\", \"Coyote\", \"Gun Mania\" and \"Hi-Tension\".", "Kouta Hirano __knowledge__ His first major success came with his manga series \"Hellsing\", which got its start and was subsequently serialized in a monthly manga magazine, \"Young King OURs\", towards the latter half of 1997.", "Lennart Hellsing __knowledge__ Paul Lennart Hellsing (5 June 1919 – 25 November 2015) was a Swedish writer and translator.", "Lennart Hellsing __knowledge__ For his lasting contribution as a children's writer, Helsing was a finalist in 2010 for the biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Award, the highest recognition available to creators of children's books.", "Lennart Hellsing __knowledge__ Born in Västanfors in Västmanland County, Sweden, he was the son of the merchant Paul Hellsing and Sigrid Hellsing, née Rohloff, whose mother was from the West Indies.", "Lennart Hellsing __knowledge__ He was a prolific writer of children's literature, particularly known for his rhymes and word plays.", "Lennart Hellsing __knowledge__ He is considered an \"outstanding poet\" in the field of humour and nonsense writing.", "List of Hellsing chapters __knowledge__ This is a list of volumes and chapters of the seinen manga series \"Hellsing\" written and illustrated by Kouta Hirano.", "List of Hellsing chapters __knowledge__ It first premiered in \"Young King Ours\" in 1997 and ran for eleven years until the final chapter was released in the November 2008 issue.", "List of Hellsing chapters __knowledge__ The individual chapters are collected and published in \"tankōbon\" volumes by Shōnen Gahosha, with all 10 volumes released as of March 2009.", "List of Hellsing chapters __knowledge__ In 2001, Hirano began publishing chapters of a prequel series, \"Hellsing: The Dawn\", in special editions of \"Young King OURs\", with six chapters released as of September 2008.", "List of Hellsing chapters __knowledge__ \"Hellsing\" chronicles the efforts of the mysterious and secret Hellsing Organization, as it combats vampires, zombies called \"ghouls\", and other supernatural foes who threaten the United Kingdom.", "List of Death Note characters __knowledge__ The manga series \"Death Note\" features an extensive cast of fictional characters designed by Takeshi Obata with their storylines created by Tsugumi Ohba.", "List of Death Note characters __knowledge__ In the fictional stories featured in the \"Death Note\" universe, Tsugumi Ohba, the story writer, created characters that lived in a world featuring a notebook in which names written on it would lead to the ones named to die, typically the cause of death being a heart attack when otherwise not specified.", "List of Death Note characters __knowledge__ The story follows the novel of a character named \"Light Yagami\", who uses the notebook he found in order to \"cleanse\" the world of those humans which he deemed unfit for society.", "Death Note __knowledge__ \"Death Note\" was first serialized in Shueisha's manga magazine \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\" from December 2003 to May 2006.", "Death Note __knowledge__ The 108 chapters were collected and published into 12 \"tankōbon\" volumes between May 2004 and October 2006.", "Death Note __knowledge__ An anime television adaptation aired in Japan from October 3, 2006 to June 26, 2007.", "Death Note __knowledge__ Composed of 37 episodes, the anime was developed by Madhouse and directed by Tetsuro Araki.", "Death Note __knowledge__ A light novel based on the series, written by Nisio Isin, was also released in 2006.", "Death Note __knowledge__ Additionally, various video games have been published by Konami for the Nintendo DS.", "Death Note __knowledge__ The series was adapted into three live-action films released in Japan on June 17, 2006, , and , and a television drama in 2015.", "Manga outside Japan __knowledge__ Manga, or Japanese comics, have appeared in translation in many different languages in different countries.", "Manga outside Japan __knowledge__ France represents about 50% of the European manga market and in 2011 manga represented 40% of the comics being published in the country.", "Manga outside Japan __knowledge__ In 2007, 70% of the comics sold in Germany were manga.", "Manga outside Japan __knowledge__ In the United States, manga comprises a small (but growing) industry, especially when compared to the inroads that Japanese animation has made in the USA.", "Manga outside Japan __knowledge__ One example of a manga publisher in the United States, VIZ Media, functions as the American affiliate of the Japanese publishers Shogakukan and Shueisha.", "Light Yagami __knowledge__ In the anime adaptation, he is voiced by Mamoru Miyano in Japanese and by Brad Swaile in the English version.", "Light Yagami __knowledge__ In the live-action film series, he is portrayed by Tatsuya Fujiwara with Swaile reprising his role as his English dub voice; he is portrayed by both Kenji Urai and Hayato Kakizawa in the musical; in the TV drama, he is portrayed by Masataka Kubota; and his counterpart in the American film is portrayed by Nat Wolff.", "Light Yagami __knowledge__ Tsugumi Ohba, the story writer of \"Death Note\", said that his editor suggested the family name \"Yagami\" for Light.", "Light Yagami __knowledge__ Ohba said that he did not feel \"too concerned\" about the meaning of the name (the Kanji for \"Yagami\" are \"night\" and \"god\"); he said that after he created the final scene in the manga he \"liked\" that the final scene created \"deeper significance\" in the name, of Kira worshippers worshipping him at night under the light of the moon – his given name Raito/Light is written with the character for \"moon\".", "L (Death Note) __knowledge__ In the anime adaptation, he is voiced by Kappei Yamaguchi in Japanese, and by Alessandro Juliani in English.", "L (Death Note) __knowledge__ He is portrayed by Kenichi Matsuyama in the live-action film series, and by Kento Yamazaki in the TV drama.", "L (Death Note) __knowledge__ His counterpart in the American film is portrayed by Lakeith Stanfield.", "L (Death Note) __knowledge__ Tsugumi Ohba, the writer of the series, created L as a young adult, since he believed the story would not hold much interest if L were significantly older than his opponent, Light.", "L (Death Note) __knowledge__ For L's name, he wanted to use a single letter with a lot of significance; he considered \"I\" and \"J\", but eventually he chose \"L\" after careful consideration." ] ]

[ 29, 15, 64, 21 ]

[ "I don't either, but I have read the manga series known as \"Death Note\". It has an interesting storyline. Have you heard of it?", "I can't remember who made it, but you can read all 108 chapters since they were published into 12 volumes between 2004 and 2006.", "I can only suggest one more since my knowledge is limited. Hellsing is another anime series that was based on a manga like Death Note.", "I'm not sure if it's like the movie, but it contains elements from Bram Stoker's Dracula. There are similarities." ]

[ "Anime", "Anime", "Anime", "Anime" ]

[ "Grand Rapids, Michigan", "Sweet! Is that anywhere near Lake Michigan?", "Oh sweet! I have never been to Michigan. Can you tell me more?", "Oh wow! That's interesting!Do you know when Grand Rapids first incorporated?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ Grand Rapids is the second-largest city in Michigan, and the largest city in West Michigan.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ It is on the Grand River about east of Lake Michigan.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, the city population was 188,040.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ In 2010, the Grand Rapids metropolitan area had a population of 1,005,648, and the combined statistical area of Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland had a population of 1,321,557.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ Grand Rapids is the county seat of Kent County.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ A historic furniture-manufacturing center, Grand Rapids is home to five of the world's leading office furniture companies, and is nicknamed \"Furniture City\".", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ Its more common modern nickname of \"River City\" refers to the landmark river for which it was named.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ The city and surrounding communities are economically diverse, based in the health care, information technology, automotive, aviation, and consumer goods manufacturing industries, among others.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ Grand Rapids is the hometown of U.S. President Gerald Ford, who is buried with his wife Betty on the grounds of the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum in the city.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ For thousands of years, succeeding cultures of indigenous peoples occupied the area.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ Over 2000 years ago, people associated with the Hopewell culture occupied the Grand River Valley." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ Grand Rapids is the second-largest city in Michigan, and the largest city in West Michigan.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ It is on the Grand River about east of Lake Michigan.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, the city population was 188,040.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ In 2010, the Grand Rapids metropolitan area had a population of 1,005,648, and the combined statistical area of Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland had a population of 1,321,557.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ Grand Rapids is the county seat of Kent County.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ A historic furniture-manufacturing center, Grand Rapids is home to five of the world's leading office furniture companies, and is nicknamed \"Furniture City\".", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ Its more common modern nickname of \"River City\" refers to the landmark river for which it was named.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ The city and surrounding communities are economically diverse, based in the health care, information technology, automotive, aviation, and consumer goods manufacturing industries, among others.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ Grand Rapids is the hometown of U.S. President Gerald Ford, who is buried with his wife Betty on the grounds of the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum in the city.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ For thousands of years, succeeding cultures of indigenous peoples occupied the area.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ Over 2000 years ago, people associated with the Hopewell culture occupied the Grand River Valley.", "U.S. Route 31 in Michigan __knowledge__ US Highway 31 (US 31) is a part of the United States Numbered Highway System that runs from Alabama to the Lower Peninsula of the US state of Michigan.", "U.S. Route 31 in Michigan __knowledge__ In Michigan, it is a state trunkline highway that runs from the Indiana–Michigan state line at Bertrand Township north to its terminus at Interstate 75 (I-75) south of Mackinaw City.", "U.S. Route 31 in Michigan __knowledge__ Along its route, US 31 follows the Michigan section of the St. Joseph Valley Parkway as well as other freeways and divided highways northward to Ludington.", "U.S. Route 31 in Michigan __knowledge__ North of there, the trunkline is a rural undivided highway through the Northern Michigan tourist destinations of Traverse City and Petoskey before terminating south of Mackinaw City.", "Lake Michigan __knowledge__ Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America and the only one located entirely within the United States.", "Lake Michigan __knowledge__ The other four Great Lakes are shared by the U.S. and Canada.", "Lake Michigan __knowledge__ It is the second-largest of the Great Lakes by volume and the third-largest by surface area, after Lake Superior and Lake Huron (and is slightly smaller than the U.S. state of West Virginia).", "Lake Michigan __knowledge__ To the east, its basin is conjoined with that of Lake Huron through the wide Straits of Mackinac, giving it the same surface elevation as its easterly counterpart; the two are technically a single lake.", "Lake Michigan __knowledge__ Lake Michigan is shared, from west to east, by the U.S. states of Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan.", "Great Lakes __knowledge__ The Great Lakes (), also called the Laurentian Great Lakes and the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of interconnected freshwater lakes located primarily in the upper mid-east region of North America, on the Canada–United States border, which connect to the Atlantic Ocean through the Saint Lawrence River.", "Great Lakes __knowledge__ Consisting of Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron (or Michigan–Huron), Erie, and Ontario, they form the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total area, and second largest by total volume containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume.", "Great Lakes __knowledge__ The total surface is , and the total volume (measured at the low water datum) is .", "M-45 (Michigan highway) __knowledge__ M-45 is a state trunkline highway in the US state of Michigan that is also called Lake Michigan Drive.", "M-45 (Michigan highway) __knowledge__ The highway runs from Agnew near Lake Michigan to the west side of Grand Rapids in the western Lower Peninsula.", "M-45 (Michigan highway) __knowledge__ Lake Michigan Drive continues in each direction from M-45's termini, extending west of US Highway 31 (US 31) and east of Interstate 196 (I-196).", "M-45 (Michigan highway) __knowledge__ In between, the road runs through rural and suburban areas of Ottawa and Kent counties, including the main campus of Grand Valley State University in Allendale.", "M-45 (Michigan highway) __knowledge__ Lake Michigan Drive was originally part of M-50 until the mid-1960s.", "M-45 (Michigan highway) __knowledge__ Previously in the 1920s and 1930s, the M-45 number was designated along a highway in the Upper Peninsula (UP).", "Chicago River __knowledge__ The Chicago River is a system of rivers and canals with a combined length of that runs through the city of Chicago, including its center (the Chicago Loop).", "Chicago River __knowledge__ Though not especially long, the river is notable for being a reason why Chicago became an important location, with the related Chicago Portage being a link between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi Valley waterways and eventually the Gulf of Mexico.", "Chicago River __knowledge__ The River is also noteworthy for its natural and man-made history.", "Chicago River __knowledge__ In 1887, the Illinois General Assembly, partly in response to concerns arising out of an extreme weather event in 1885 that threatened the city's water supply, decided to reverse the flow of the Chicago River through civil engineering by taking water from Lake Michigan and discharging it into the Mississippi River watershed.", "Charlevoix, Michigan __knowledge__ Charlevoix ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan.", "Charlevoix, Michigan __knowledge__ The population was 2,513 at the 2010 census.", "Charlevoix, Michigan __knowledge__ It is the county seat of Charlevoix County.", "Charlevoix, Michigan __knowledge__ Charlevoix Township is a separate municipal entity that completely surrounds the city and has a year-round population of 1,697.", "Charlevoix, Michigan __knowledge__ Typical of Northern Michigan towns, Charlevoix has a much higher seasonal tourist population in the summer.", "Charlevoix, Michigan __knowledge__ The city is situated between Lake Michigan and the western end of Lake Charlevoix, which drains into Lake Michigan through the short Round Lake/Pine River complex in the heart of downtown Charlevoix.", "Charlevoix, Michigan __knowledge__ The Charlevoix South Pier Light Station marks the opening of the channel onto Lake Michigan.", "Northern Michigan __knowledge__ Northern Michigan, also known as Northern Lower Michigan or Upper Michigan (known colloquially to residents of more southerly parts of the state and summer residents from cities such as Chicago as \"up north\"), is a region of the U.S. state of Michigan.", "Northern Michigan __knowledge__ A popular tourist destination, it is home to several small- to medium-sized cities, extensive state and national forests, lakes and rivers, and a large portion of Great Lakes shoreline.", "Northern Michigan __knowledge__ The region has a significant seasonal population much like other regions that depend on tourism as their main industry.", "Northern Michigan __knowledge__ Northern Lower Michigan is distinct from the more northerly Upper Peninsula and Isle Royale, which, obviously, are also located in \"northern\" Michigan.", "Michigan __knowledge__ Michigan () is a state in the Great Lakes and Midwestern regions of the United States.", "Michigan __knowledge__ The state's name, Michigan, originates from the (Ojibwe word) \"mishigamaa\", meaning \"large water\" or \"large lake\".", "Michigan __knowledge__ Michigan is the tenth most populous of the 50 United States, with the 11th most extensive total area, and the largest state by total area east of the Mississippi River.", "Michigan __knowledge__ Michigan's capital is Lansing, and its largest city is Detroit.", "Michigan __knowledge__ Michigan is the only state to consist of two peninsulas.", "Michigan __knowledge__ The Lower Peninsula, to which the name Michigan was originally applied, is often noted to be shaped like a mitten.", "U.S. Route 131 __knowledge__ US Highway 131 (US 131) is a north–south United States Highway, of which all but 0.64 of its 269.96 miles (1.03 of 434.46 km) are within the state of Michigan.", "U.S. Route 131 __knowledge__ The highway starts in rural Indiana south of the state line as a state road connection to the Indiana Toll Road.", "U.S. Route 131 __knowledge__ As the road crosses into Michigan it becomes a state trunkline highway that connects to the metropolitan areas of Kalamazoo and Grand Rapids before continuing north to its terminus at Petoskey.", "U.S. Route 131 __knowledge__ US 131 runs as a freeway from south of Portage through to Manton in the north.", "U.S. Route 131 __knowledge__ Part of this freeway runs concurrently with Interstate 296 (I-296) as an unsigned designation through Grand Rapids.", "126th Infantry Regiment (United States) __knowledge__ The 126th Infantry Regiment (\"Second Michigan\") is a United States military unit of the Michigan Army National Guard.", "126th Infantry Regiment (United States) __knowledge__ The 126th was originally an infantry regiment, then was converted into an armoured role, and then was converted to a light cavalry reconnaissance unit, with subordinate units stationed in Cadillac, Wyoming, Dowagiac, and Manistee.", "126th Infantry Regiment (United States) __knowledge__ It was converted back to an infantry unit in 2016.", "126th Infantry Regiment (United States) __knowledge__ The 126th Infantry existed for its first 144 years as an infantry unit.", "126th Infantry Regiment (United States) __knowledge__ The 126th Infantry dates back as early as 12 July 1855 when the Grand Rapids Light Guard and Grand Rapids Artillery companies were organized.", "Grand Valley State University __knowledge__ Grand Valley State University (commonly referred to as GVSU, GV, or Grand Valley) is a public liberal arts university located in Allendale, Michigan, United States.", "Grand Valley State University __knowledge__ The university was established in 1960, and its main campus is situated on approximately west of Grand Rapids.", "Grand Valley State University __knowledge__ Classes are also offered at the university's growing Robert C. Pew Campus in Downtown Grand Rapids, Meijer Campus in Holland, and through centers at Muskegon and Traverse City established in cooperation with local community colleges.", "Grand Valley State University __knowledge__ GVSU is a comprehensive coeducational university serving more than 25,460 students as of fall 2016, from all 83 Michigan counties and dozens of other states and foreign countries.", "David Robert Mullen __knowledge__ David Robert Mullen is an American artist and photographer.", "David Robert Mullen __knowledge__ His art spans a wide range of styles from realist, to abstraction, to surrealist.", "David Robert Mullen __knowledge__ David Mullen has practiced fine art photography for over 35 years.", "David Robert Mullen __knowledge__ He views photography as a great printmaking art and has worked in black and white processes such as Van Dyke brown, platinum, silver gelatin and digital formats.", "David Robert Mullen __knowledge__ For the last seventeen years, Mullen has dedicated his time to black and white and color photography as well as painting in water media such as watercolor, gouache, and acrylics.", "David Robert Mullen __knowledge__ Mullen has won numerous awards for his work.", "David Robert Mullen __knowledge__ Mullen thinks a person has the right to their spiritual beliefs; he respects this, and believes there is something to glean from all peaceful points of view.", "Interstate 196 __knowledge__ Interstate 196 (I-196) is an auxiliary Interstate Highway that runs for in the US state of Michigan.", "Interstate 196 __knowledge__ It is a state trunkline highway that links Benton Harbor, South Haven, Holland, and Grand Rapids together.", "Interstate 196 __knowledge__ In Kent, Ottawa, and Allegan counties, I-196 is known as the Gerald R. Ford Freeway, or simply the Ford Freeway, after the 38th President of the United States, Gerald Ford, who was raised in Grand Rapids and served Michigan in the House of Representatives.", "Interstate 196 __knowledge__ This name generally refers only to the section between Holland and Grand Rapids.", "Interstate 196 __knowledge__ I-196 changes direction; it is signed as a north–south highway from its southern terminus to the junction with US Highway 31 (US 31) just south of Holland, and as an east–west trunkline from this point to its eastern terminus at an interchange with I-96, its parent highway." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ Grand Rapids is the second-largest city in Michigan, and the largest city in West Michigan.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ It is on the Grand River about east of Lake Michigan.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, the city population was 188,040.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ In 2010, the Grand Rapids metropolitan area had a population of 1,005,648, and the combined statistical area of Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland had a population of 1,321,557.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ Grand Rapids is the county seat of Kent County.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ A historic furniture-manufacturing center, Grand Rapids is home to five of the world's leading office furniture companies, and is nicknamed \"Furniture City\".", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ Its more common modern nickname of \"River City\" refers to the landmark river for which it was named.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ The city and surrounding communities are economically diverse, based in the health care, information technology, automotive, aviation, and consumer goods manufacturing industries, among others.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ Grand Rapids is the hometown of U.S. President Gerald Ford, who is buried with his wife Betty on the grounds of the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum in the city.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ For thousands of years, succeeding cultures of indigenous peoples occupied the area.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ Over 2000 years ago, people associated with the Hopewell culture occupied the Grand River Valley.", "La donna del lago __knowledge__ La donna del lago (The Lady of the Lake) is an opera composed by Gioachino Rossini with a libretto by Andrea Leone Tottola (whose verses are described as \"limpid\" by one critic) based on the French translation of \"The Lady of the Lake\", a narrative poem written in 1810 by Sir Walter Scott, whose work continued to popularize the image of the romantic highlands.", "La donna del lago __knowledge__ Scott's basic story has been noted as coming from \"the hint of an incident stemming from the frequent custom of James V, the King of Scotland, of walking through the kingdom in disguise\".", "La donna del lago __knowledge__ It was the first of the Italian operas to be based on Scott's romantic works, and marked the beginning of romanticism in Rossini's work.", "Fred Stobaugh __knowledge__ Fred Stobaugh (August 22, 1917 – November 23, 2016) was a retired truck driver from Peoria, Illinois who became a viral sensation as a songwriter.", "Fred Stobaugh __knowledge__ A documentary video about the making of the song \"Oh Sweet Lorraine,\" based on a text that Stobaugh wrote for his wife of 73 years, became a viral video in September 2013.", "Fred Stobaugh __knowledge__ The song based on his text subsequently entered the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 as well as other international charts.", "Fred Stobaugh __knowledge__ Stobaugh first met his future wife Lorraine Dinquel in 1938.", "Fred Stobaugh __knowledge__ The couple married in 1940 and later had three daughters.", "Fred Stobaugh __knowledge__ His wife died on April 26, 2013, only two months before the couple's 73rd wedding anniversary.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune Records was an American family operated, independent record label located in Detroit, Michigan from 1946 to 1995.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ The label owners were Jack and Devora Brown, their son Sheldon Brown recorded for the label.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Original releases tapered off after 1972 aside from a few albums in the mid-1980s.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune specialized in R&B, blues, soul and doo-wop music, although the label also released pop, big band, hillbilly, gospel, rock and roll, and polka records.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune released some doo-wop tunes by Nolan Strong & The Diablos, such as \"The Wind\" (Fortune 511, 1954), \"The Way You Dog Me Around\" (Fortune 518, 1955), and \"Mind Over Matter\" (Fortune 546, 1962).", "Lord Saltoun and Auchanachie __knowledge__ Lord Saltoun and Auchanachie (Child 239, Roud 102), is a Scottish folk song.", "Lord Saltoun and Auchanachie __knowledge__ Its heroine, Jeannie, is to be married off at the insistence of her father to a wealthy man, Lord Saltoun, but she is in love with Annachie Gordon, the subject of the song.", "Lord Saltoun and Auchanachie __knowledge__ The song chronicles her resistance to the marriage before she is eventually dragged to the church.", "Lord Saltoun and Auchanachie __knowledge__ Jeannie refuses to sleep in the same bed until her father comes down and tells her maid to undo her gown.", "Lord Saltoun and Auchanachie __knowledge__ Jeannie collapses at her father's feet and dies for love of Annachie.", "Lord Saltoun and Auchanachie __knowledge__ Annachie, having been away at sea, returns where Jeannie's distressed maidens tell him that Jeannie has been married in his absence and has now died of a broken heart.", "My Sweet Lord __knowledge__ \"My Sweet Lord\" is a song by English musician George Harrison.", "My Sweet Lord __knowledge__ It was released in November 1970 on his triple album \"All Things Must Pass\".", "My Sweet Lord __knowledge__ Also issued as a single, Harrison's first as a solo artist, \"My Sweet Lord\" topped charts worldwide and was the biggest-selling single of 1971 in the UK.", "My Sweet Lord __knowledge__ In America and Britain, the song was the first number-one single by an ex-Beatle.", "My Sweet Lord __knowledge__ Harrison originally gave the song to his fellow Apple Records artist Billy Preston to record; this version, which Harrison co-produced, appeared on Preston's \"Encouraging Words\" album in September 1970.", "My Sweet Lord __knowledge__ Harrison wrote \"My Sweet Lord\" in praise of the Hindu god Krishna, while at the same time intending the lyrics to serve as a call to abandon religious sectarianism through his deliberate blending of the Hebrew word \"hallelujah\" with chants of \"Hare Krishna\" and Vedic prayer.", "Agathe-Sophie Sasserno __knowledge__ Agathe-Sophie Sasserno (3 October 1810 – 6 June 1860) was a French poet.", "Agathe-Sophie Sasserno __knowledge__ Agathe-Sophie Sasserno was born in 1810 at the place Victor (today the place Garibaldi) in Nice She was the daughter of Lieutenant Colonel Louis Sasserno, a former aide of André Masséna, and Marie Sibille Chartroux.", "Agathe-Sophie Sasserno __knowledge__ She was a cousin of the painter Giovanni Battista Biscarra.", "Agathe-Sophie Sasserno __knowledge__ She wrote her first poem at the age of fourteen to distract her father.", "Agathe-Sophie Sasserno __knowledge__ According to Jean-Baptiste Toselli, she received much praise for this, which encouraged her to continue.", "Agathe-Sophie Sasserno __knowledge__ She remained single all her life and devoted herself entirely to poetry.", "Agathe-Sophie Sasserno __knowledge__ Although she wrote in French she considered herself Italian so she dedicated her work \"Les Sylphides\" (1838) to King Charles Albert of Sardinia.", "U.S. Route 16 in Michigan __knowledge__ US Highway 16 (US 16), also called Grand River Avenue for much of its length in the state, was one of the principal pre-Interstate roads in the state of Michigan.", "U.S. Route 16 in Michigan __knowledge__ Before the creation of the United States Numbered Highway System in 1926, the highway had been designated M-16.", "U.S. Route 16 in Michigan __knowledge__ The modern route of Grand River Avenue cuts across the Lower Peninsula in a northwest–southeast fashion from near Grand Rapids to Detroit.", "U.S. Route 16 in Michigan __knowledge__ Before the late 1950s and early 1960s, US 16 followed other roads between Muskegon and Grand Rapids, and then Grand River Avenue through Lansing to Detroit.", "U.S. Route 16 in Michigan __knowledge__ In the years immediately preceding the creation of the Interstate Highway System, US 16 was shifted from older roads to newer freeways.", "Grand River (Michigan) __knowledge__ The Grand River is the longest river in the U.S. state of Michigan.", "Grand River (Michigan) __knowledge__ It runs through the cities of Jackson, Eaton Rapids, Lansing, Grand Ledge, Portland, Ionia, Lowell, Grand Rapids, and Grand Haven.", "Grand River (Michigan) __knowledge__ Native Americans who lived along the river before the arrival of the French and British called the river O-wash-ta-nong, meaning \"Far-away-water\", because of its length.", "Grand River (Michigan) __knowledge__ As the glacial ice receded from what is the central Lower Peninsula of Michigan around 11,000 years ago, the Maple River and lower Grand River served as a drainage channel for the meltwater.", "Grand River (Michigan) __knowledge__ The channel ran east to west, emptying into proglacial Lake Chicago, the ancestor of Lake Michigan.", "U.S. Route 31 in Michigan __knowledge__ US Highway 31 (US 31) is a part of the United States Numbered Highway System that runs from Alabama to the Lower Peninsula of the US state of Michigan.", "U.S. Route 31 in Michigan __knowledge__ In Michigan, it is a state trunkline highway that runs from the Indiana–Michigan state line at Bertrand Township north to its terminus at Interstate 75 (I-75) south of Mackinaw City.", "U.S. Route 31 in Michigan __knowledge__ Along its route, US 31 follows the Michigan section of the St. Joseph Valley Parkway as well as other freeways and divided highways northward to Ludington.", "U.S. Route 31 in Michigan __knowledge__ North of there, the trunkline is a rural undivided highway through the Northern Michigan tourist destinations of Traverse City and Petoskey before terminating south of Mackinaw City.", "Business routes of Interstate 96 __knowledge__ There have been six business routes of Interstate 96 (I-96) in the US state of Michigan.", "Business routes of Interstate 96 __knowledge__ There are two business loops designated Business Loop Interstate 96 (BL I-96): one through Lansing and one through Howell.", "Business routes of Interstate 96 __knowledge__ Both follow the old route of US Highway 16 (US 16), with appropriate connections to I-96.", "Business routes of Interstate 96 __knowledge__ There are three former business spurs that were designated Business Spur Interstate 96 (BS I-96).", "Business routes of Interstate 96 __knowledge__ One connected to the carferry docks in Muskegon, running concurrently with part of Business US 31 (Bus.", "Business routes of Interstate 96 __knowledge__ US 31) along former US 16, but it has been eliminated.", "Business routes of Interstate 96 __knowledge__ The second spur ran into downtown Portland until it was decommissioned in 2007.", "Interstate 196 __knowledge__ Interstate 196 (I-196) is an auxiliary Interstate Highway that runs for in the US state of Michigan.", "Interstate 196 __knowledge__ It is a state trunkline highway that links Benton Harbor, South Haven, Holland, and Grand Rapids together.", "Interstate 196 __knowledge__ In Kent, Ottawa, and Allegan counties, I-196 is known as the Gerald R. Ford Freeway, or simply the Ford Freeway, after the 38th President of the United States, Gerald Ford, who was raised in Grand Rapids and served Michigan in the House of Representatives.", "Interstate 196 __knowledge__ This name generally refers only to the section between Holland and Grand Rapids.", "Interstate 196 __knowledge__ I-196 changes direction; it is signed as a north–south highway from its southern terminus to the junction with US Highway 31 (US 31) just south of Holland, and as an east–west trunkline from this point to its eastern terminus at an interchange with I-96, its parent highway.", "Lake Michigan __knowledge__ Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America and the only one located entirely within the United States.", "Lake Michigan __knowledge__ The other four Great Lakes are shared by the U.S. and Canada.", "Lake Michigan __knowledge__ It is the second-largest of the Great Lakes by volume and the third-largest by surface area, after Lake Superior and Lake Huron (and is slightly smaller than the U.S. state of West Virginia).", "Lake Michigan __knowledge__ To the east, its basin is conjoined with that of Lake Huron through the wide Straits of Mackinac, giving it the same surface elevation as its easterly counterpart; the two are technically a single lake.", "Lake Michigan __knowledge__ Lake Michigan is shared, from west to east, by the U.S. states of Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ Grand Rapids is the second-largest city in Michigan, and the largest city in West Michigan.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ It is on the Grand River about east of Lake Michigan.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, the city population was 188,040.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ In 2010, the Grand Rapids metropolitan area had a population of 1,005,648, and the combined statistical area of Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland had a population of 1,321,557.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ Grand Rapids is the county seat of Kent County.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ A historic furniture-manufacturing center, Grand Rapids is home to five of the world's leading office furniture companies, and is nicknamed \"Furniture City\".", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ Its more common modern nickname of \"River City\" refers to the landmark river for which it was named.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ The city and surrounding communities are economically diverse, based in the health care, information technology, automotive, aviation, and consumer goods manufacturing industries, among others.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ Grand Rapids is the hometown of U.S. President Gerald Ford, who is buried with his wife Betty on the grounds of the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum in the city.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ For thousands of years, succeeding cultures of indigenous peoples occupied the area.", "Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ Over 2000 years ago, people associated with the Hopewell culture occupied the Grand River Valley.", "Little Grand Rapids First Nation __knowledge__ Little Grand Rapids First Nation is an Anishinaabe (Saulteaux/Ojibwa) First Nation located approximately northeast of Winnipeg, Manitoba.", "Little Grand Rapids First Nation __knowledge__ As of May 2010, the First Nation had a registered population of 1,454 people, of which their own on-reserve population was 1,174.", "Little Grand Rapids First Nation __knowledge__ The First Nation have reserved for themselves one reserve: Little Grand Rapids First Nation is governed by the Act Electoral System of government.", "Little Grand Rapids First Nation __knowledge__ The current leadership is Chief Martin Owens and Councillors Hilda Crow, Diane Keeper, Wendy Keeper, Deon Lam, Howard LeVeque and Robert LeVeque.", "Little Grand Rapids First Nation __knowledge__ The Chief's and Councillors' two-year elected term began on July 29, 2009, and will conclude on July 28, 2011.", "History of Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ The recorded history of Grand Rapids in the U.S. state of Michigan, began with settlers in 1806.", "History of Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ For thousands of years, succeeding cultures of indigenous peoples occupied the area.", "History of Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ Over 2000 years ago, people associated with the Hopewell culture occupied the Grand River Valley.", "History of Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ Later, a tribe from the Ottawa River traveled to the Grand River valley, fighting three battles with the Prairie Indians who were established in the area.", "History of Grand Rapids, Michigan __knowledge__ The tribe later split, with the Chippewas settling in the northern lower peninsula, the Pottawatomies staying south of the Kalamazoo River and the Ottawa staying in central Michigan.", "126th Infantry Regiment (United States) __knowledge__ The 126th Infantry Regiment (\"Second Michigan\") is a United States military unit of the Michigan Army National Guard.", "126th Infantry Regiment (United States) __knowledge__ The 126th was originally an infantry regiment, then was converted into an armoured role, and then was converted to a light cavalry reconnaissance unit, with subordinate units stationed in Cadillac, Wyoming, Dowagiac, and Manistee.", "126th Infantry Regiment (United States) __knowledge__ It was converted back to an infantry unit in 2016.", "126th Infantry Regiment (United States) __knowledge__ The 126th Infantry existed for its first 144 years as an infantry unit.", "126th Infantry Regiment (United States) __knowledge__ The 126th Infantry dates back as early as 12 July 1855 when the Grand Rapids Light Guard and Grand Rapids Artillery companies were organized.", "U.S. Route 131 __knowledge__ US Highway 131 (US 131) is a north–south United States Highway, of which all but 0.64 of its 269.96 miles (1.03 of 434.46 km) are within the state of Michigan.", "U.S. Route 131 __knowledge__ The highway starts in rural Indiana south of the state line as a state road connection to the Indiana Toll Road.", "U.S. Route 131 __knowledge__ As the road crosses into Michigan it becomes a state trunkline highway that connects to the metropolitan areas of Kalamazoo and Grand Rapids before continuing north to its terminus at Petoskey.", "U.S. Route 131 __knowledge__ US 131 runs as a freeway from south of Portage through to Manton in the north.", "U.S. Route 131 __knowledge__ Part of this freeway runs concurrently with Interstate 296 (I-296) as an unsigned designation through Grand Rapids.", "David Robert Mullen __knowledge__ David Robert Mullen is an American artist and photographer.", "David Robert Mullen __knowledge__ His art spans a wide range of styles from realist, to abstraction, to surrealist.", "David Robert Mullen __knowledge__ David Mullen has practiced fine art photography for over 35 years.", "David Robert Mullen __knowledge__ He views photography as a great printmaking art and has worked in black and white processes such as Van Dyke brown, platinum, silver gelatin and digital formats.", "David Robert Mullen __knowledge__ For the last seventeen years, Mullen has dedicated his time to black and white and color photography as well as painting in water media such as watercolor, gouache, and acrylics.", "David Robert Mullen __knowledge__ Mullen has won numerous awards for his work.", "David Robert Mullen __knowledge__ Mullen thinks a person has the right to their spiritual beliefs; he respects this, and believes there is something to glean from all peaceful points of view.", "Interstate 196 __knowledge__ Interstate 196 (I-196) is an auxiliary Interstate Highway that runs for in the US state of Michigan.", "Interstate 196 __knowledge__ It is a state trunkline highway that links Benton Harbor, South Haven, Holland, and Grand Rapids together.", "Interstate 196 __knowledge__ In Kent, Ottawa, and Allegan counties, I-196 is known as the Gerald R. Ford Freeway, or simply the Ford Freeway, after the 38th President of the United States, Gerald Ford, who was raised in Grand Rapids and served Michigan in the House of Representatives.", "Interstate 196 __knowledge__ This name generally refers only to the section between Holland and Grand Rapids.", "Interstate 196 __knowledge__ I-196 changes direction; it is signed as a north–south highway from its southern terminus to the junction with US Highway 31 (US 31) just south of Holland, and as an east–west trunkline from this point to its eastern terminus at an interchange with I-96, its parent highway.", "Steelcase __knowledge__ Steelcase is a United States-based furniture company founded in 1912 in Grand Rapids, Michigan.", "Steelcase __knowledge__ The company produces office furniture, architectural and technology products for office environments and the education, health care and retail industries.", "Steelcase __knowledge__ It is the largest office furniture manufacturer in the world.", "Steelcase __knowledge__ It has facilities, offices, and factories in the Americas, Europe, Asia, the Middle East, Australia and Africa.", "Steelcase __knowledge__ Steelcase was founded as the Metal Office Furniture Company in 1912 by Peter M. Wege in Grand Rapids, Michigan.", "Steelcase __knowledge__ Wege was a veteran of the sheet metal and fireproofing industry and had filed approximately 25 patents prior to starting the company.", "Michigan __knowledge__ Michigan () is a state in the Great Lakes and Midwestern regions of the United States.", "Michigan __knowledge__ The state's name, Michigan, originates from the (Ojibwe word) \"mishigamaa\", meaning \"large water\" or \"large lake\".", "Michigan __knowledge__ Michigan is the tenth most populous of the 50 United States, with the 11th most extensive total area, and the largest state by total area east of the Mississippi River.", "Michigan __knowledge__ Michigan's capital is Lansing, and its largest city is Detroit.", "Michigan __knowledge__ Michigan is the only state to consist of two peninsulas.", "Michigan __knowledge__ The Lower Peninsula, to which the name Michigan was originally applied, is often noted to be shaped like a mitten.", "High Point, North Carolina __knowledge__ High Point is a city located in the Piedmont Triad region of the State of North Carolina.", "High Point, North Carolina __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census the city had a total population of 104,371, with an estimated population of 108,629 in 2014.", "High Point, North Carolina __knowledge__ High Point is currently the ninth-largest municipality in North Carolina.", "High Point, North Carolina __knowledge__ High Point is known for its furniture, textiles, and bus manufacturing.", "High Point, North Carolina __knowledge__ The city is sometimes referred to as the \"Home Furnishings Capital of the World\".", "High Point, North Carolina __knowledge__ The city's official slogan is \"North Carolina's International City\" due to the semi-annual High Point Furniture Market that attracts 100,000 exhibitors and buyers from around the world.", "Wyoming, Michigan __knowledge__ Wyoming is a city in Kent County, Michigan.", "Wyoming, Michigan __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 72,125.", "Wyoming, Michigan __knowledge__ That makes it the 3rd largest community or city in West Michigan, the 14th largest city in the state of Michigan, and the 18th largest community in the state as well as being the largest suburb of Grand Rapids.", "Wyoming, Michigan __knowledge__ In 1832 the area was settled and organized under the Byron Township.", "Wyoming, Michigan __knowledge__ In 1848 the township split the northern half being called Wyoming Township and then became a city in 1959 after a period of disputes surrounding annexation as well as water and sewer usage.", "Wyoming, Michigan __knowledge__ The city has experienced population growth every census since the 1890 with some of the largest occurring after major wars.", "Patrick Miles Jr. __knowledge__ Patrick A.", "Patrick Miles Jr. __knowledge__ Miles Jr. (born October 19, 1967) is a former U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Michigan based in Grand Rapids, Michigan.", "Patrick Miles Jr. __knowledge__ He was nominated by President Obama on March 29, 2012 and confirmed by the U.S. Senate on June 29, 2012.", "Patrick Miles Jr. __knowledge__ Miles is the first person of color to hold the position of U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Michigan, which covers 49 Michigan counties including the state's entire Upper Peninsula.", "Patrick Miles Jr. __knowledge__ He was the Democratic nominee for Michigan's 3rd Congressional District in the 2010 congressional election.", "Patrick Miles Jr. __knowledge__ Miles is a third generation resident of southeast Grand Rapids." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 6, 17 ]

[ "I was born in Grand Rapids Michigan. It's the second largest city in Michigan.", "It's located on the Grand River which is easy of Lake Michigan.", "Grand Rapids is a furniture manufacturing center and home of five of the world's leading office furniture businesses.", "The recorded history was in 1806 when people settled." ]

[ "Grand Rapids, Michigan", "Grand Rapids, Michigan", "Grand Rapids, Michigan", "Grand Rapids, Michigan" ]

[ "Italian cuisine\nDo you like Italian cuisine?", "I have never been to Italy. How many regions are there?", "I see. Can you ski in the north alps?", "Thats cool. What time of the year is a good time to go?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is characterized by its simplicity, with many dishes having only two to four main ingredients.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cooks rely chiefly on the quality of the ingredients rather than on elaborate preparation.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Ingredients and dishes vary by region.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Many dishes that were once regional, have proliferated with variations throughout the country.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Pasta, vegetables, olive oil and fish are a major part of the Italian cuisine.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is probably the most important expression of the Mediterranean diet.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine has developed over the centuries.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Although the country known as Italy did not unite until the 19th century, the cuisine can claim traceable roots as far back as the 4th century BCE.", "Italy __knowledge__ Italy ( ; ), officially the Italian Republic (), is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe.", "Italy __knowledge__ Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City.", "Italy __knowledge__ Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal and Mediterranean climate.", "Italy __knowledge__ With around 61 million inhabitants it is the fourth most populous EU member state.", "Italy __knowledge__ Since classical times, ancient Phoenicians, Carthaginians and Greeks established settlements in the south of Italy, with Etruscans and Celts inhabiting the centre and the north of Italy respectively and various ancient Italian tribes and Italic peoples dispersed throughout the Italian Peninsula and insular Italy.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin American cuisine is the typical foods, beverages, and cooking styles common to many of the countries and cultures in Latin America.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin America is a highly diverse area of land that holds various cuisines that vary from nation to nation.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Some items typical of Latin American cuisine include maize-based dishes arepas, pupusas, tacos, tamales, tortillas and various salsas and other condiments (guacamole, pico de gallo, mole, chimichurri, chili, aji, pebre).", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ These spices are generally what give the Latin American cuisines a distinct flavor; yet, each country of Latin America tends to use a different spice and those that share spices tend to use them at different quantities.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pasta () is a staple food of traditional Italian cuisine, with the first reference dating to 1154 in Sicily.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Also commonly used to refer to the variety of pasta dishes, pasta is typically a noodle made from an unleavened dough of a durum wheat flour mixed with water or eggs and formed into sheets or various shapes, then cooked by boiling or baking.", "Pasta __knowledge__ As an alternative for those wanting a different taste, or who need to avoid products containing gluten, some pastas can be made using rice flour in place of wheat.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pastas may be divided into two broad categories, dried (\"pasta secca\") and fresh (\"pasta fresca\").", "Italian-American cuisine __knowledge__ Italian-American cuisine is a style of Italian cuisine adapted throughout the United States of America.", "Italian-American cuisine __knowledge__ Italian-American food has been shaped throughout history by various waves of immigrants and their descendants, called Italian Americans.", "Italian-American cuisine __knowledge__ As immigrants from the different regions of Italy settled throughout the various regions of the United States, many brought with them a distinct regional Italian culinary tradition.", "Italian-American cuisine __knowledge__ Many of these foods and recipes developed into new favorites for the townspeople and later for Americans nationwide.", "Italian-American cuisine __knowledge__ Prominent American chefs and cooks working in the Italian-American tradition include Giada De Laurentiis, Mario Batali, Michael Chiarello, Frank Pellegrino, Rocco DiSpirito, Tom Colicchio, and Lidia Bastianich.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ English cuisine encompasses the cooking styles, traditions and recipes associated with England.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ It has distinctive attributes of its own, but also shares much with wider British cuisine, partly through the importation of ingredients and ideas from North America, China, and India during the time of the British Empire and as a result of post-war immigration.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional meals have ancient origins, such as bread and cheese, roasted and stewed meats, meat and game pies, boiled vegetables and broths, and freshwater and saltwater fish.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ The 14th-century English cookbook, the \"Forme of Cury\", contains recipes for these, and dates from the royal court of Richard II.", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomato sauce (also known as Neapolitan sauce, and referred to in Italy as Salsa di pomodoro) refers to any of a very large number of sauces made primarily from tomatoes, usually to be served as part of a dish (rather than as a condiment).", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomato sauces are common for meat and vegetables, but they are perhaps best known as sauces for pasta dishes.", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomatoes have a rich flavor, high liquid content, very soft flesh which breaks down easily, and the right composition to thicken into a sauce when they are cooked (without the need of thickeners such as roux).", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ All of these qualities make them ideal for simple and appealing sauces." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is characterized by its simplicity, with many dishes having only two to four main ingredients.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cooks rely chiefly on the quality of the ingredients rather than on elaborate preparation.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Ingredients and dishes vary by region.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Many dishes that were once regional, have proliferated with variations throughout the country.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Pasta, vegetables, olive oil and fish are a major part of the Italian cuisine.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is probably the most important expression of the Mediterranean diet.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine has developed over the centuries.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Although the country known as Italy did not unite until the 19th century, the cuisine can claim traceable roots as far back as the 4th century BCE.", "2006 European heat wave __knowledge__ The 2006 European heat wave was a period of exceptionally hot weather that arrived at the end of June 2006 in certain European countries.", "2006 European heat wave __knowledge__ The United Kingdom, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Italy, Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Germany and western parts of Russia were most affected.", "2006 European heat wave __knowledge__ Several records were broken.", "2006 European heat wave __knowledge__ In the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Ireland and the United Kingdom, July 2006 was the warmest month since official measurements began.", "2006 European heat wave __knowledge__ Belgium experienced two heat waves in July 2006.", "2006 European heat wave __knowledge__ Before 1990 a heat wave occurred about once every 8 years, but during the last decade the country averages one heat wave per year.", "Italy __knowledge__ Italy ( ; ), officially the Italian Republic (), is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe.", "Italy __knowledge__ Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City.", "Italy __knowledge__ Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal and Mediterranean climate.", "Italy __knowledge__ With around 61 million inhabitants it is the fourth most populous EU member state.", "Italy __knowledge__ Since classical times, ancient Phoenicians, Carthaginians and Greeks established settlements in the south of Italy, with Etruscans and Celts inhabiting the centre and the north of Italy respectively and various ancient Italian tribes and Italic peoples dispersed throughout the Italian Peninsula and insular Italy.", "Merlot __knowledge__ Merlot is a dark blue-colored wine grape variety, that is used as both a blending grape and for varietal wines.", "Merlot __knowledge__ The name \"Merlot\" is thought to be a diminutive of \"merle\", the French name for the blackbird, probably a reference to the color of the grape.", "Merlot __knowledge__ Its softness and \"fleshiness\", combined with its earlier ripening, makes Merlot a popular grape for blending with the sterner, later-ripening Cabernet Sauvignon, which tends to be higher in tannin.", "Merlot __knowledge__ Along with Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Malbec and Petit Verdot, Merlot is one of the primary grapes used in Bordeaux wine, and it is the most widely planted grape in the Bordeaux wine regions.", "Spanish wine __knowledge__ Spanish wines () are wines produced in Spain.", "Spanish wine __knowledge__ Located on the Iberian Peninsula, Spain has over 2.9 million acres (over 1.17 million hectares) planted—making it the most widely planted wine producing nation but it is the third largest producer of wine in the world, the largest being France followed by Italy.", "Spanish wine __knowledge__ This is due, in part, to the very low yields and wide spacing of the old vines planted on the dry, infertile soil found in many Spanish wine regions.", "Spanish wine __knowledge__ The country is ninth in worldwide consumptions with Spaniards drinking, on average, 21.6 litres (5.706 US gal) per person a year.", "Spanish wine __knowledge__ The country has an abundance of native grape varieties, with over 400 varieties planted throughout Spain though 80 percent of the country's wine production is from only 20 grapes—including the reds Tempranillo, Garnacha, and Monastrell; the whites Albariño from Galicia, Palomino, Airen, and Macabeo; and the three cava grapes Parellada, Xarel·lo, and Macabeo.", "France in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ The Kingdom of France in the Middle Ages (roughly, from the 9th century to the middle of the 15th century) was marked by the fragmentation of the Carolingian Empire and West Francia (843–987); the expansion of royal control by the House of Capet (987–1328), including their struggles with the virtually independent principalities (duchies and counties, such as the Norman and Angevin regions) that had developed following the Viking invasions and through the piecemeal dismantling of the Carolingian Empire and the creation and extension of administrative/state control (notably under Philip II Augustus and Louis IX) in the 13th century; and the rise of the House of Valois (1328–1589), including the protracted dynastic crisis of the Hundred Years' War with the Kingdom of England (1337–1453) compounded by the catastrophic Black Death epidemic (1348), which laid the seeds for a more centralized and expanded state in the early modern period and the creation of a sense of French identity.", "Kali tragus __knowledge__ Kali tragus is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae.", "Kali tragus __knowledge__ It is known by various common names such as prickly Russian thistle, windwitch, or common saltwort.", "Kali tragus __knowledge__ It is widely known simply as tumbleweed because in many regions of the United States, it is the most common and most conspicuous species of tumbleweed.", "Kali tragus __knowledge__ Informally, it also is known as \"salsola\", which was its generic name until fairly recently.", "Kali tragus __knowledge__ \"Kali tragus\" is native to Eurasia, but in the 1870s, it appeared in South Dakota when flaxseed from Russia turned out to be contaminated with \"Kali\" seeds.", "Kali tragus __knowledge__ Although it is the best-known of this group of weeds, and was at first thought to be a single well-defined species, it now is known to have included more than one species plus some hybrids.", "Albania __knowledge__ Albania ( ; ; ), officially the Republic of Albania (, ), is a country in Southeastern Europe.", "Albania __knowledge__ It spans and had a total population of 3 million people .", "Albania __knowledge__ Albania is a unitary parliamentary constitutional republic with the capital in Tirana, the country's most populous city and main economic and commercial centre, followed by Durrës.", "Albania __knowledge__ The country's other major cities include Vlorë, Sarandë, Shkodër, Berat, Korçë, Gjirokastër and Fier.", "Albania __knowledge__ Albania is in the southwestern portion of the Balkan Peninsula, bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east, and Greece to the south and southeast.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin American cuisine is the typical foods, beverages, and cooking styles common to many of the countries and cultures in Latin America.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin America is a highly diverse area of land that holds various cuisines that vary from nation to nation.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Some items typical of Latin American cuisine include maize-based dishes arepas, pupusas, tacos, tamales, tortillas and various salsas and other condiments (guacamole, pico de gallo, mole, chimichurri, chili, aji, pebre).", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ These spices are generally what give the Latin American cuisines a distinct flavor; yet, each country of Latin America tends to use a different spice and those that share spices tend to use them at different quantities.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Culture of France __knowledge__ Culture plays an important role in the development of all countries.", "Culture of France __knowledge__ The culture of France and of the French people has been shaped by geography, by profound historical events, and by foreign and internal forces and groups.", "Culture of France __knowledge__ France, and in particular Paris, has played an important role as a center of high culture since the 17th century, first in Europe, and from the 19th century on, worldwide.", "Culture of France __knowledge__ From the late 19th century, France has also played an important role in cinema, fashion, cuisine, literature, technology, science and mathematics.", "Culture of France __knowledge__ The importance of French culture has waxed and waned over the centuries, depending on its economic, political and military importance.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "French cuisine __knowledge__ French cuisine consists of the cooking traditions and practices from France.", "French cuisine __knowledge__ In the 14th century Guillaume Tirel, a court chef known as \"Taillevent\", wrote \"Le Viandier\", one of the earliest recipe collections of medieval France.", "French cuisine __knowledge__ During that time, French cuisine was heavily influenced by Italian cuisine.", "French cuisine __knowledge__ In the 17th century, chefs François Pierre La Varenne and Marie-Antoine Carême spearheaded movements that shifted French cooking away from its foreign influences and developed France's own indigenous style.", "French cuisine __knowledge__ Cheese and wine are a major part of the cuisine.", "French cuisine __knowledge__ They play different roles regionally and nationally, with many variations and \"appellation d'origine contrôlée\" (AOC) (regulated appellation) laws." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is characterized by its simplicity, with many dishes having only two to four main ingredients.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cooks rely chiefly on the quality of the ingredients rather than on elaborate preparation.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Ingredients and dishes vary by region.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Many dishes that were once regional, have proliferated with variations throughout the country.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Pasta, vegetables, olive oil and fish are a major part of the Italian cuisine.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is probably the most important expression of the Mediterranean diet.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine has developed over the centuries.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Although the country known as Italy did not unite until the 19th century, the cuisine can claim traceable roots as far back as the 4th century BCE.", "Alps __knowledge__ The Alps (; ; ; ; ; ) are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across eight Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Switzerland, Italy, Monaco, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, and Slovenia.", "Alps __knowledge__ The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided.", "Alps __knowledge__ Extreme shortening caused by the event resulted in marine sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn.", "Alps __knowledge__ Mont Blanc spans the French–Italian border, and at is the highest mountain in the Alps.", "Allgäu Alps __knowledge__ The Allgäu Alps () are a mountain range in the Northern Limestone Alps, located in Bavaria in Germany and Tyrol and Vorarlberg in Austria.", "Allgäu Alps __knowledge__ The range lies directly east of Lake Constance.", "Allgäu Alps __knowledge__ The mountain range is characterised by an unusual variety of rock formations and consequently a rich tapestry of landscapes, in particular, the steep \"grass mountains\" (\"Grasberge\") of the Allgäu Alps with gradients of up to 70°.", "Allgäu Alps __knowledge__ Its flora is amongst the most varied in the whole Alpine region and its accessibility by lifts and paths is outstanding.", "Allgäu Alps __knowledge__ The mountain paths (\"Höhenwege\") running from hut to hut are well known and hikers can spend seven to ten days walking in the mountains without descending to inhabited valleys.", "Pakala Village, Hawaii __knowledge__ Pākalā Village (literally, \"the sun shines\" in Hawaiian) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Kauai County, Hawaii, United States.", "Pakala Village, Hawaii __knowledge__ The population was 294 at the 2010 census.", "Pakala Village, Hawaii __knowledge__ Pākalā Village is also called Pakala Camp, named for the temporary living quarters of plantation workers.).", "Pakala Village, Hawaii __knowledge__ Pakala Camp consisted of employee and retiree housing for workers at the Gay & Robinson sugarcane plantation in the ahupuaa of Makaweli, the last remaining sugarcane plantation on Kauai.", "Pakala Village, Hawaii __knowledge__ The plantation was managed by the Robinson family of Kauai and Niihau, who first arrived in Hawaii in 1863.", "Pakala Village, Hawaii __knowledge__ Pākalā Village is located at (21.943221, -159.647658).", "Swiss Alps __knowledge__ The Alpine region of Switzerland, conventionally referred to as the Swiss Alps (, , , ), represents a major natural feature of the country and is, along with the Swiss Plateau and the Swiss portion of the Jura Mountains, one of its three main physiographic regions.", "Swiss Alps __knowledge__ The Swiss Alps extend over both the Western Alps and the Eastern Alps, encompassing an area sometimes called \"Central Alps\".", "Swiss Alps __knowledge__ While the northern ranges from the Bernese Alps to the Appenzell Alps are entirely in Switzerland, the southern ranges from the Mont Blanc massif to the Bernina massif are shared with other countries such as France, Italy, Austria and Liechtenstein.", "Skiing in Australia __knowledge__ Skiing in Australia takes place in the high country of the states of New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania as well as in the Australian Capital Territory, during the southern hemisphere winter.", "Skiing in Australia __knowledge__ Skiing began in Australia at the goldrush town of Kiandra, New South Wales in the year 1861.", "Skiing in Australia __knowledge__ The first ski tow was constructed near Mount Buffalo, Victoria in 1936.", "Skiing in Australia __knowledge__ Australian skiers competed in the Winter Olympics for the first time in Oslo 1952 and have competed in all subsequent Games, winning medals at every Games since 1998.", "Skiing in Australia __knowledge__ Malcolm Milne became the first non-European to win a ski race world cup in 1969 and Olympic medalists include Zali Steggall, Alisa Camplin, Dale Begg-Smith, Lydia Lassila and David Morris in skiing and Torah Bright in snowboarding.", "Ski flying __knowledge__ Ski flying is a winter sport discipline derived from ski jumping, in which much greater distances can be achieved.", "Ski flying __knowledge__ It is a form of competitive Nordic skiing where athletes descend individually at very fast speeds along a specially built takeoff ramp using skis only; jump from the end of it with as much power as they can generate; then glide – or 'fly' – as far as possible down a steeply sloped hill; and ultimately land within a target zone in a stable manner.", "Ski flying __knowledge__ Points are awarded for distance and stylistic merit by five judges, and events are governed by the International Ski Federation (FIS).", "Ski flying __knowledge__ The rules and scoring in ski flying are mostly the same as they are in ski jumping, and events under the discipline are usually contested as part of the Ski Jumping World Cup season, but the hills (of which there are only five remaining, all in Europe) are constructed to a different standard in order to enable jumps of up to 66% longer in distance.", "Kitzbühel Alps __knowledge__ The Kitzbühel Alps ( or \"Kitzbühler Alpen\") are a mountain range of the Central Eastern Alps surrounding the town of Kitzbühel in Tyrol, Austria.", "Kitzbühel Alps __knowledge__ Geologically they are part of the western slate zone (greywacke zone).", "Kitzbühel Alps __knowledge__ Two-thirds of the Kitzbühel Alps lie within the Austrian province of Tyrol, the remaining third is in Salzburg province.", "Kitzbühel Alps __knowledge__ They are about long from east to west and 25 to 35 km wide.", "Kitzbühel Alps __knowledge__ They extend from the Ziller valley and Tux Alps in the west to the Saalach river and Zell am See on Lake Zell (\"Zellersee\") in the east.", "Kitzbühel Alps __knowledge__ They are bordered to the south by the Zillertal Alps and the High Tauern mountain range on the other side of the Salzach River, on the north by the Inn River and the Northern Limestone Alps.", "History of Italy __knowledge__ Since classical times, ancient Greeks, Etruscans and Celts established settlements in the south, the centre and the north of Italy respectively, while various ancient Italian tribes and Italic peoples inhabitated the Italian peninsula and insular Italy.", "History of Italy __knowledge__ The Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the city of Rome as a Kingdom, which eventually became a Republic that united Italy by the third century BC and emerged as the dominant power of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea as a consequence of the military victories of generals such as Scipio, Aemilius Paullus, Scipio Aemilianus, Gaius Marius, Lucius Sulla, Pompey and Julius Caesar.", "Italians __knowledge__ The Italians ( ) are a nation and ethnic group native to Italy, who share a common culture, history, ancestry and language.", "Italians __knowledge__ Legally, all Italian nationals are citizens of the Italian Republic, regardless of ancestry or nation of residence (though the principle of jus sanguinis is used extensively and arguably more favourably in the Italian nationality law), and are distinguished from people of Italian descent and from ethnic Italians living in territories adjacent to the Italian Peninsula.", "Italians __knowledge__ The majority of Italian nationals are native speakers of Standard Italian though some Italians are also proficient in other languages native to Italy (often colloquially referred to as \"Italian dialects\").", "Italy __knowledge__ Italy ( ; ), officially the Italian Republic (), is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe.", "Italy __knowledge__ Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City.", "Italy __knowledge__ Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal and Mediterranean climate.", "Italy __knowledge__ With around 61 million inhabitants it is the fourth most populous EU member state.", "Italy __knowledge__ Since classical times, ancient Phoenicians, Carthaginians and Greeks established settlements in the south of Italy, with Etruscans and Celts inhabiting the centre and the north of Italy respectively and various ancient Italian tribes and Italic peoples dispersed throughout the Italian Peninsula and insular Italy.", "Italian unification __knowledge__ Italian unification ( ), or the Risorgimento (, meaning \"the Resurgence\" or \"revival\"), was the political and social movement that consolidated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of the Kingdom of Italy in the 19th century.", "Italian unification __knowledge__ The process began in 1815 with the Congress of Vienna and was completed in 1871 when Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy.", "Italian unification __knowledge__ The term, which also designates the cultural, political and social movement that promoted unification, recalls the romantic, nationalist and patriotic ideals of an Italian renaissance through the conquest of a unified political identity that, by sinking its ancient roots during the Roman period, \"suffered an abrupt halt [or loss] of its political unity in 476 AD after the collapse of the West Roman Empire.\"", "Culture of Italy __knowledge__ Italy is considered the birthplace of Western civilization and a cultural superpower.", "Culture of Italy __knowledge__ Italy has been the starting point of phenomena of international impact such as the Magna Graecia, the Roman Empire, the Roman Catholic Church, the Renaissance, the Risorgimento and the European integration.", "Culture of Italy __knowledge__ During its history, the nation gave birth to an enormous number of notable people.", "Culture of Italy __knowledge__ Both the internal and external faces of Western culture were born on the Italian peninsula, whether one looks at the history of the Christian faith, civil institutions (such as the Senate), philosophy, law, art, science, or social customs and culture.", "History of Rome __knowledge__ During the 5th century BC, Rome gained regional dominance in Latium, and eventually the entire Italian peninsula by the 3rd century BC.", "History of Rome __knowledge__ The population of the city at this point is estimated at about 310,000 people.", "History of Rome __knowledge__ With the Punic Wars from 264 to 146 BC, Rome gained dominance over the Western Mediterranean, displacing Carthage as the dominant regional power.", "History of Rome __knowledge__ The Roman Empire was established under Octavian in 27 BC, after Julius Caesar's conquest of Gaul, followed by a period of civil war.", "History of Rome __knowledge__ The city of Rome now surpassed a population of one million, likely the first city in history to reach this size (compared to world population of about 200–300 million at the time)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is characterized by its simplicity, with many dishes having only two to four main ingredients.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cooks rely chiefly on the quality of the ingredients rather than on elaborate preparation.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Ingredients and dishes vary by region.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Many dishes that were once regional, have proliferated with variations throughout the country.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Pasta, vegetables, olive oil and fish are a major part of the Italian cuisine.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is probably the most important expression of the Mediterranean diet.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine has developed over the centuries.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Although the country known as Italy did not unite until the 19th century, the cuisine can claim traceable roots as far back as the 4th century BCE.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha Lee is a fictional character in the BBC soap opera \"Doctors\", played by Laura Rollins.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha was introduced as a Practice Nurse at The Mill by Peter Eryl Lloyd.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ She made her first appearance on Tuesday 30 September 2014.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Since her arrival in the show Ayesha has faced storylines including an on off relationship with Sid Vere, having a troubled relationship with Tyler Green, dealing with her mother Bren's alcohol and later drug addiction, being attacked by Ike and supporting Valerie Pittman through her Cancer scare.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha first arrives at \"The Mill\" as a replacement for Mandy Marquez, she is almost immediately attracted to new doctor Sid Vere.", "Good Time (Inna song) __knowledge__ \"Good Time\" is a song recorded by Romanian recording artist Inna for \"Body and the Sun\" (2015)—the Japanese counterpart of her fourth studio album, \"Inna\" (2015)—and \"Party Never Ends\" (2013).", "Good Time (Inna song) __knowledge__ Featuring the vocals of American rapper Pitbull, it was made available for digital download on 15 July 2014 through Atlantic Records.", "Good Time (Inna song) __knowledge__ \"Good Time\"—an uptempo dance-pop track featuring \"hedonistic and cheerful\" lyrics—was written by Steve Mac, Pitbull and Ina Wroldsen, while being solely produced by Mac.", "Good Time (Inna song) __knowledge__ Music critics met \"Good Time\" with mixed reviews, with some of them calling it \"addictive\" and a \"future hit\", but also criticizing it for being a \"filler track\" on its parent album.", "Poison (American band) __knowledge__ Poison is an American rock band that achieved great commercial success in the mid-1980s through the mid-1990s.", "Poison (American band) __knowledge__ Poison have sold over 45 million records worldwide and has sold 15 million records in the United States alone.", "Poison (American band) __knowledge__ The band has also charted ten singles to the Top 40 of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, including six Top 10 singles and the Hot 100 number-one, \"Every Rose Has Its Thorn\".", "Poison (American band) __knowledge__ The band's breakthrough debut album, the multi-platinum \"Look What the Cat Dragged In\", was released in 1986 and they hit their peak with the second album, \"Open Up and Say...", "Poison (American band) __knowledge__ Ahh!", "Poison (American band) __knowledge__ \", which became the band's most successful album, being certified 5x platinum in the US.", "2011–12 Anorthosis Famagusta F.C. season __knowledge__ The 2011–12 season is the 101st season in Anorthosis Famagusta FC history and their 63rd consecutive season in Cypriot First Division, the top division of Cyprus football.", "2011–12 Anorthosis Famagusta F.C. season __knowledge__ It covers a period from 1 July 2011 to 30 May 2012.", "2011–12 Anorthosis Famagusta F.C. season __knowledge__ Anorthosis Famagusta began the season in Second qualifying round of Europa League.", "2011–12 Anorthosis Famagusta F.C. season __knowledge__ Anorthosis faced the cup winner of Georgian for the season 2010-11, Gagra Georgia, On the first match Anorthosis Famagusta defeat the Georgian club 3-0 in Andonis Papadopoulos stadium, with mvp the first scorer in European competition Jan Rezek.", "2011–12 Anorthosis Famagusta F.C. season __knowledge__ After a very bad game Anorthosis Famagusta defeated 2-0 at home of gagra, after some mistakes of the goalkeeper Matúš Kozáčik especially at the first goal.", "Good Time (Owl City and Carly Rae Jepsen song) __knowledge__ \"Good Time\" is a song by American electronica project Owl City and Canadian singer Carly Rae Jepsen.", "Good Time (Owl City and Carly Rae Jepsen song) __knowledge__ It was released as the lead single from Owl City's album \"The Midsummer Station\" and was used as the second single from Jepsen's second studio album, \"Kiss\".", "Good Time (Owl City and Carly Rae Jepsen song) __knowledge__ \"Good Time\" was written by Matt Thiessen, Brian Lee, and Adam Young of Owl City.", "Good Time (Owl City and Carly Rae Jepsen song) __knowledge__ The song received generally positive reviews from music critics, with critics describing it as a \"summer anthem\".", "Good Time (Owl City and Carly Rae Jepsen song) __knowledge__ \"Good Time\" attained commercial success worldwide, reaching No.", "Good Time (Owl City and Carly Rae Jepsen song) __knowledge__ 1 in Canada, New Zealand, and South Korea, while peaking inside the top ten in the United States, Japan, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and other countries.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem.", "Torment (comics) __knowledge__ \"Torment\" is a story arc written by Todd McFarlane, which encompassed the first five issues of the new ongoing \"\" comic book.", "Torment (comics) __knowledge__ It was published in 1990 by Marvel Comics.", "Torment (comics) __knowledge__ The comic was a record-breaking sales success and helped start the next stage of development in the Modern Age of Comic Books, which would lead to the formation of Image Comics and the rise of the speculator market.", "Torment (comics) __knowledge__ The Lizard is going on a murdering spree before Spider-Man tries to stop him.", "Torment (comics) __knowledge__ The Lizard poisons Spider-Man and throws him off of a building.", "Torment (comics) __knowledge__ It is later revealed that Calypso is hypnotizing the Lizard to do her bidding.", "Alps __knowledge__ The Alps (; ; ; ; ; ) are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across eight Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Switzerland, Italy, Monaco, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, and Slovenia.", "Alps __knowledge__ The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided.", "Alps __knowledge__ Extreme shortening caused by the event resulted in marine sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn.", "Alps __knowledge__ Mont Blanc spans the French–Italian border, and at is the highest mountain in the Alps.", "Northern Italy __knowledge__ Northern Italy ( or just ) is a geographical region in the northern part of Italy.", "Northern Italy __knowledge__ Non-administrative, it consists of eight administrative Regions in northern Italy: Aosta Valley, Piedmont, Liguria, Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna, Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.", "Northern Italy __knowledge__ As of 2014, its population was 27,801,460.", "Northern Italy __knowledge__ Rhaeto-Romance and Gallo-Italic languages are spoken in the region, as opposed to the Italo-Dalmatian languages spoken in the rest of Italy.", "Northern Italy __knowledge__ For statistic purposes, the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT) uses the terms Northwest Italy and Northeast Italy for two of Italy's five statistical regions in its reporting.", "Geography of Austria __knowledge__ Austria is a small, predominantly mountainous country in Central Europe, approximately between Germany, Italy and Hungary.", "Geography of Austria __knowledge__ It has a total area of 83,879 km² (32,385 mi²), about twice the size of Switzerland.", "Geography of Austria __knowledge__ The landlocked country shares national borders with Switzerland (a non-European Union member state, which it borders for 158 km, or 98 mi) and the principality of Liechtenstein (also a non-EU member state, of which it borders for 34 km or 21 mi) to the west, Germany (801 km or 497 mi) and the Czech Republic (402 km or 249 mi) and Slovakia (105 km or 65 mi) to the north, Hungary to the east (331 km or 205 mi), and Slovenia (299 km or 185 mi) and Italy (404 km or 251 mi) to the south (total: 2,534 km or 1,574 mi).", "Mont Blanc massif __knowledge__ The Mont Blanc massif (; ) is a mountain range in the Alps, located mostly in France and Italy, but also straddling Switzerland at its northeastern end.", "Mont Blanc massif __knowledge__ It contains eleven major independent summits, each over in height.", "Mont Blanc massif __knowledge__ It is named after Mont Blanc (), the highest point in western Europe and the European Union.", "Mont Blanc massif __knowledge__ Because of its considerable overall altitude, a large proportion of the massif is covered by glaciers, which include the Mer de Glace and the Miage Glacierthe longest glaciers in France and Italy, respectively.", "Mont Blanc massif __knowledge__ Not only does the massif form a watershed between the vast catchments of the Rhône and Po rivers, as well as a tripoint between France, Italy and Switzerland, it also marks the border between two climate regions by separating the northern and western Alps from the southern Alps.", "History of the Alps __knowledge__ The valleys of the Alps have been inhabited since prehistoric times.", "History of the Alps __knowledge__ The Alpine culture, which developed there, centers on transhumance.", "History of the Alps __knowledge__ Currently the Alps are divided among eight states: France, Monaco, Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany and Slovenia.", "History of the Alps __knowledge__ In 1991 the Alpine Convention was established to regulate this transnational area, whose area measures about .", "History of the Alps __knowledge__ The Wildkirchli caves in the Appenzell Alps show traces of Neanderthal habitation.", "History of the Alps __knowledge__ During the last glacial maximum, the entire Alps were covered in ice.", "History of the Alps __knowledge__ Anatomically modern humans reach the Alpine region by c. 30,000 years ago.", "History of Austria __knowledge__ The history of Austria covers the history of Austria and its predecessor states, from the early Stone Age to the present state.", "History of Austria __knowledge__ The name \"Ostarrîchi\" (Austria) has been in use since 996 AD when it was a margravate of the Duchy of Bavaria and from 1156 an independent duchy (later archduchy) of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (\"Heiliges Römisches Reich\" 962–1806).", "History of Austria __knowledge__ Austria was dominated by the House of Habsburg (\"Haus Österreich\") from 1273 to 1806, when the Holy Roman Empire came to an end.", "History of Austria __knowledge__ Austria then became the Austrian Empire, a part of the German Confederation until the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, which Austria lost and was subsequently excluded from German affairs.", "Italian invasion of France __knowledge__ The Italian invasion of France, also called the Battle of the Alps (10–25 June 1940), was the first major Italian engagement of World War II and the last major engagement of the Battle of France.", "Italian invasion of France __knowledge__ Italy's entry into the war widened its scope considerably in Africa and the Mediterranean Sea.", "Italian invasion of France __knowledge__ The goal of the Italian leader, Benito Mussolini, was the elimination of Anglo-French domination in the Mediterranean, the reclamation of historically Italian territory (so-called \"Italia irredenta\") and the expansion of Italian influence over the Balkans and in Africa.", "Italian invasion of France __knowledge__ France and Britain endeavoured throughout the 1930s to draw Mussolini away from an alliance with Germany, but Germany's rapid successes in the early phase of the war made Italian intervention on the German side inevitable by May 1940." ] ]

[ 4, 4, 15, 52 ]

[ "Love it. But I suppose there is a lot of regional diversity in Italian cuisine and I'm not sure when region's food I like the best.", "Well I don't know all of Italy's regions, but there seems to be some major differences in the food between the north (alps) and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "There is a pretty extensive range of the Alps in northern Italy, so I assume there are opportunities for skiing.", "I'd go in the winter because I'd intend to ski. I'd probably also visit Switzerland and Austria to do a ski tour of the alps." ]

[ "Italian cuisine", "Italian cuisine", "Italian cuisine", "Italian cuisine" ]

[ "Carnivore\nI can't see myself living as a vegan. I am a die hard carnivore and without eat, i find it very hard to live in this world", "How could you go without me for all of those years. Just eating plant based food won't give you necessary and essential nutritions for a healthy body", "I can understand your stance on environmental issues, but still life is all about survival and it does everything to be as fit as possible", "Well, i think to certain extent it deprives you of some essential sources of nutrition and that will definitely have its negative impact in the long-run" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Carnivore __knowledge__ A carnivore , meaning \"meat eater\" (Latin, \"caro\", genitive \"carnis\", meaning \"meat\" or \"flesh\" and \"vorare\" meaning \"to devour\"), is an organism that derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of animal tissue, whether through predation or scavenging.", "Carnivore __knowledge__ Animals that depend solely on animal flesh for their nutrient requirements are called obligate carnivores while those that also consume non-animal food are called facultative carnivores.", "Carnivore __knowledge__ Omnivores also consume both animal and non-animal food, and, apart from the more general definition, there is no clearly defined ratio of plant to animal material that would distinguish a facultative carnivore from an omnivore.", "Carnivore __knowledge__ A carnivore that sits at the top of the food chain is termed an apex predator.", "Carnivore __knowledge__ The word \"carnivore\" sometimes refers to the mammalian order Carnivora, but this is somewhat misleading.", "Carnivore __knowledge__ While many Carnivora meet the definition of being meat eaters, not all do, and even fewer are true obligate carnivores (see below).", "Carnivore __knowledge__ For example, most species of bears are actually omnivorous, except for the giant panda, which is almost exclusively herbivorous, and the exclusively meat-eating polar bear, which lives in the Arctic, where few plants grow.", "Live Free or Die Hard __knowledge__ Live Free or Die Hard (released as Die Hard 4.0 outside North America) is a 2007 American action film, and the fourth installment in the \"Die Hard\" film series.", "Live Free or Die Hard __knowledge__ The film was directed by Len Wiseman and stars Bruce Willis as John McClane.", "Live Free or Die Hard __knowledge__ The film's name was adapted from New Hampshire's state motto, \"Live Free or Die\".", "Live Free or Die Hard __knowledge__ McClane is attempting to stop cyber terrorists who hack into government and commercial computers across the United States with the goal to start a \"fire sale\" of financial assets.", "Live Free or Die Hard __knowledge__ The film was based on the 1997 article \"A Farewell to Arms\" written for \"Wired\" magazine by John Carlin.", "John McClane __knowledge__ John McClane is the main protagonist of the \"Die Hard\" film series.", "John McClane __knowledge__ He is portrayed by Bruce Willis.", "John McClane __knowledge__ He is known for his sardonic one-liners, including the famous catchphrase \"Yippee-ki-yay, motherfucker\".", "John McClane __knowledge__ John McClane was originally based on the fictional character Detective Joe Leland from Roderick Thorp's bestselling novel, \"Nothing Lasts Forever\".", "John McClane __knowledge__ Other aspects are derived from Frank Malone from Walter Wager's novel \"58 Minutes\" (adapted as \"Die Hard 2\") and is somewhat based on and inspired by Dirty Harry.", "John McClane __knowledge__ \"Die Hard\" villain Hans Gruber describes him as \"just another American... who thinks he's John Wayne,\" to which McClane replies that he \"was always partial to Roy Rogers.\"", "A Good Day to Die Hard __knowledge__ A Good Day to Die Hard is a 2013 American action thriller film and the fifth installment in the \"Die Hard\" film series.", "A Good Day to Die Hard __knowledge__ The film was directed by John Moore and written by Skip Woods, and stars Bruce Willis as John McClane.", "A Good Day to Die Hard __knowledge__ The main plot finds McClane travelling to Russia to get his estranged son, Jack, an undercover CIA agent, out of prison.", "A Good Day to Die Hard __knowledge__ He is soon caught in the crossfire of a global terrorist plot.", "A Good Day to Die Hard __knowledge__ Alongside Willis, the film also stars Jai Courtney, Cole Hauser, Yuliya Snigir and Sebastian Koch as the film's villain.", "A Good Day to Die Hard __knowledge__ Talks of a fifth \"Die Hard\" film began before the release of the fourth installment, \"Live Free or Die Hard\", with Willis affirming that the latter would not be the last in the series, but pre-production did not start until September 2011, when John Moore was officially announced as the director.", "List of Die Hard characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that appear in the Die Hard film series.", "List of Die Hard characters __knowledge__ The reluctant hero and main protagonist in the series.", "List of Die Hard characters __knowledge__ John McClane is a New York City cop who finds himself taking on terrorists and saving his loved ones.", "List of Die Hard characters __knowledge__ In Die Hard, he gets invited to his wife's Christmas Party at Nakatomi Plaza in Los Angeles when the building she is in is under attack by terrorists led by Hans Gruber.", "List of Die Hard characters __knowledge__ McClane must stop his evil scheme before it's too late.", "List of Die Hard characters __knowledge__ McClane defeats the terrorists and thwarts Gruber's plan, sending him falling off the building.", "List of Die Hard characters __knowledge__ John and Holly reconcile and get back together.", "List of Die Hard characters __knowledge__ In Die Hard 2, McClane now has a new problem and must battle anti-special forces mercenaries led by Colonel Stuart, who take over Dulles airport and leave several planes (including his wife Holly's) circling in the air running low on fuel, while also dealing with an selfish airport police captain.", "Die Hard __knowledge__ Die Hard is a 1988 American action film directed by John McTiernan and written by Steven E. de Souza and Jeb Stuart.", "Die Hard __knowledge__ It was produced by the Gordon Company and Silver Pictures, and distributed by 20th Century Fox.", "Die Hard __knowledge__ The film follows off-duty New York City Police Department officer John McClane (Bruce Willis) who is caught in a Los Angeles skyscraper during a Christmas Eve heist led by Hans Gruber (Alan Rickman).", "Die Hard __knowledge__ It is based on Roderick Thorp's 1979 novel \"Nothing Lasts Forever\", the sequel to 1966's \"The Detective\", adapted into a 1968 film of the same name starring Frank Sinatra.", "Die Hard __knowledge__ Fox was contractually obligated to offer Sinatra the lead role in \"Die Hard\", but he turned it down; after Arnold Schwarzenegger declined to shoot the film as a sequel to his 1985 action film \"Commando,\" Fox reluctantly gave the role to Willis, then known as a comedic television actor.", "Die Hard (film series) __knowledge__ The \"Die Hard\" series is an American action film series that began in 1988 with \"Die Hard\", based on the 1979 novel \"Nothing Lasts Forever\" by Roderick Thorp.", "Die Hard (film series) __knowledge__ The series follows the adventures of John McClane (portrayed by Bruce Willis), a New York City and Los Angeles police detective who continually finds himself in the middle of violent crises and intrigues where he is the only hope against disaster.", "Die Hard (film series) __knowledge__ The first film begins on Christmas Eve when McClane comes to reunite with separated wife Holly (Bonnie Bedelia) in Los Angeles at her company's Christmas party.", "Die Hard (film series) __knowledge__ Holly left to pursue her career with their two children, and uses her maiden name.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Carnivore __knowledge__ A carnivore , meaning \"meat eater\" (Latin, \"caro\", genitive \"carnis\", meaning \"meat\" or \"flesh\" and \"vorare\" meaning \"to devour\"), is an organism that derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of animal tissue, whether through predation or scavenging.", "Carnivore __knowledge__ Animals that depend solely on animal flesh for their nutrient requirements are called obligate carnivores while those that also consume non-animal food are called facultative carnivores.", "Carnivore __knowledge__ Omnivores also consume both animal and non-animal food, and, apart from the more general definition, there is no clearly defined ratio of plant to animal material that would distinguish a facultative carnivore from an omnivore.", "Carnivore __knowledge__ A carnivore that sits at the top of the food chain is termed an apex predator.", "Carnivore __knowledge__ The word \"carnivore\" sometimes refers to the mammalian order Carnivora, but this is somewhat misleading.", "Carnivore __knowledge__ While many Carnivora meet the definition of being meat eaters, not all do, and even fewer are true obligate carnivores (see below).", "Carnivore __knowledge__ For example, most species of bears are actually omnivorous, except for the giant panda, which is almost exclusively herbivorous, and the exclusively meat-eating polar bear, which lives in the Arctic, where few plants grow.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Overeaters Anonymous __knowledge__ Overeaters Anonymous (OA) is a twelve-step program for people with problems related to food including, but not limited to, compulsive overeaters, those with binge eating disorder, bulimics and anorexics.", "Overeaters Anonymous __knowledge__ Anyone with a problematic relationship with food is welcomed, as OA's Third Tradition states that the only requirement for memberships is a desire to stop eating compulsively.", "Overeaters Anonymous __knowledge__ OA was founded by Rozanne S. and two other women in January 1960.", "Overeaters Anonymous __knowledge__ The organization's headquarters, or World Service Office, is located in Rio Rancho, New Mexico.", "Overeaters Anonymous __knowledge__ Overeaters Anonymous estimates its membership at over 60,000 people in about 6,500 groups meeting in over 75 countries.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ In most societies the great majority of people eat meat when they can get it, but increasing controversy and debate has arisen over the ethics of eating animals.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ The most commonly given ethical objection to meat-eating is that, for most people living in the developed world, it is not necessary for survival or health; slaughtering animals solely because people enjoy the taste of meat is argued by some to be wrong and morally unjustifiable.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ Ethical vegetarians and ethical vegans may also object to the practices underlying the production of meat, or cite their concerns about animal welfare, animal rights, environmental ethics, and religious reasons.", "Body image __knowledge__ Body image is a person's perception of the aesthetics or sexual attractiveness of their own body.", "Body image __knowledge__ The phrase \"body image\" was first coined by the Austrian neurologist and psychoanalyst Paul Schilder in his book \"The Image and Appearance of the Human Body\" (1935).", "Body image __knowledge__ Human society has at all times placed great value on beauty of the human body, but a person's perception of their own body may not correspond to society's standards.", "Body image __knowledge__ The concept of body image is used in a number of disciplines, including psychology, medicine, psychiatry, psychoanalysis, philosophy and cultural and feminist studies.", "Body image __knowledge__ The term is also often used in the media.", "Nutritional neuroscience __knowledge__ Nutritional neuroscience is the scientific discipline that studies the effects various components of the diet such as minerals, vitamins, protein, carbohydrates, fats, dietary supplements, synthetic hormones, and food additives have on neurochemistry, neurobiology, behavior, and cognition.", "Nutritional neuroscience __knowledge__ Recent research on nutritional mechanisms and their effect on the brain show they are involved in almost every facet of neurological functioning including alterations in neurogenesis, neurotrophic factors, neural pathways and neuroplasticity, throughout the life cycle.", "Nutritional neuroscience __knowledge__ Relatively speaking, the brain consumes an immense amount of energy in comparison to the rest of the body.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ Nutrition is the science that interprets the interaction of nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ It includes food intake, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism, and excretion.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ The diet of an organism is what it eats, which is largely determined by the availability and palatability of foods.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ For humans, a healthy diet includes preparation of food and storage methods that preserve nutrients from oxidation, heat or leaching, and that reduce risk of foodborne illness.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ In humans, an unhealthy diet can cause deficiency-related diseases such as blindness, anemia, scurvy, preterm birth, stillbirth and cretinism, or nutrient excess health-threatening conditions such as obesity and metabolic syndrome; and such common chronic systemic diseases as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religions that originated in ancient India (Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism).", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ In Jainism, vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, it is advocated by some influential scriptures and religious authorities.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Comparatively, in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the Bahá'í Faith and Dharmic religions such as Sikhism, vegetarianism is not promoted by mainstream authorities, although in all these faiths there are small groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious grounds.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Most Indian religions have philosophical schools that forbid consumption of meat and Jainism institutes an outright ban on the same.", "Psychology of eating meat __knowledge__ The psychology of eating meat is a complex area of study illustrating the confluence of morality, emotions, cognition, and personality characteristics.", "Psychology of eating meat __knowledge__ Research into the psychological and cultural factors of meat eating suggests correlations with masculinity; support for hierarchical values; and reduced openness to experience.", "Psychology of eating meat __knowledge__ Because meat eating is widely practiced but is sometimes associated with ambivalence, it has been used as a case study in moral psychology to illustrate theories of cognitive dissonance and moral disengagement.", "Psychology of eating meat __knowledge__ Research into the consumer psychology of meat is relevant both to meat industry marketing and to advocates of reduced meat consumption.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the theory and practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal (including sea animals), with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives (such as dairy products or eggs).", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ In both instances the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals (called \"ahimsa\" in India), and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Omnivore __knowledge__ Omnivore is a consumption classification for animals that have the capability to obtain chemical energy and nutrients from materials originating from plant and animal origin.", "Omnivore __knowledge__ Often, omnivores also have the ability to incorporate food sources such as algae, fungi, and bacteria into their diet as well.", "Omnivore __knowledge__ Omnivores come from diverse backgrounds that often independently evolved sophisticated consumption capabilities.", "Omnivore __knowledge__ For instance, dogs evolved from primarily carnivorous organisms (Carnivora) while pigs evolved from primarily herbivorous organisms (Artiodactyla).", "Omnivore __knowledge__ What this means is that physical characteristics are often not reliable indicators of whether an animal has the ability to obtain energy and nutrients from both plant and animal matter." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Carnivore __knowledge__ A carnivore , meaning \"meat eater\" (Latin, \"caro\", genitive \"carnis\", meaning \"meat\" or \"flesh\" and \"vorare\" meaning \"to devour\"), is an organism that derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of animal tissue, whether through predation or scavenging.", "Carnivore __knowledge__ Animals that depend solely on animal flesh for their nutrient requirements are called obligate carnivores while those that also consume non-animal food are called facultative carnivores.", "Carnivore __knowledge__ Omnivores also consume both animal and non-animal food, and, apart from the more general definition, there is no clearly defined ratio of plant to animal material that would distinguish a facultative carnivore from an omnivore.", "Carnivore __knowledge__ A carnivore that sits at the top of the food chain is termed an apex predator.", "Carnivore __knowledge__ The word \"carnivore\" sometimes refers to the mammalian order Carnivora, but this is somewhat misleading.", "Carnivore __knowledge__ While many Carnivora meet the definition of being meat eaters, not all do, and even fewer are true obligate carnivores (see below).", "Carnivore __knowledge__ For example, most species of bears are actually omnivorous, except for the giant panda, which is almost exclusively herbivorous, and the exclusively meat-eating polar bear, which lives in the Arctic, where few plants grow.", "Still life __knowledge__ A still life (plural: still lifes) is a work of art depicting mostly inanimate subject matter, typically commonplace objects are either natural (food, flowers, dead animals, plants, rocks, shells, etc.)", "Still life __knowledge__ or man-made (drinking glasses, books, vases, jewelry, coins, pipes, etc.).", "Still life __knowledge__ With origins in the Middle Ages and Ancient Greco-Roman art, still-life painting emerged as a distinct genre and professional specialization in Western painting by the late 16th century, and has remained significant since then.", "Still life __knowledge__ A still-life form gives the artist more freedom in the arrangement of elements within a composition than do paintings of other types of subjects such as landscape or portraiture.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism in Europe has been documented in relation to racialized immigrant and migrant populations alongside Romani (Roma/Gypsy), Yenish, Irish Traveller, and communities (such as the Sami, Komi, and Nenets) from within continental borders.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism is the practice of environmental injustice within a racialized context, in which socially marginalized communities and minority groups are subjected to disproportionate exposure of environmental hazards, denial of access to sources of ecological sustenance such as clean air, water, and natural resources, or infringement of environmentally related human rights.", "Deep ecology __knowledge__ Deep ecology is an ecological and environmental philosophy promoting the inherent worth of living beings regardless of their instrumental utility to human needs, plus a radical restructuring of modern human societies in accordance with such ideas.", "Deep ecology __knowledge__ Deep ecology argues that the natural world is a subtle balance of complex inter-relationships in which the existence of organisms is dependent on the existence of others within ecosystems.", "Deep ecology __knowledge__ Human interference with or destruction of the natural world poses a threat therefore not only to humans but to all organisms constituting the natural order.", "Deep ecology __knowledge__ Deep ecology's core principle is the belief that the living environment as a whole should be respected and regarded as having certain inalienable legal rights to live and flourish, independent of its utilitarian instrumental benefits for human use.", "Women and the environment __knowledge__ In the early 1960s, an interest in women and their connection with the environment was sparked, largely by a book written by Esther Boserup entitled \"Woman's Role in Economic Development\".", "Women and the environment __knowledge__ Starting in the 1980s, policy makers and governments became more mindful of the connection between the environment and gender issues.", "Women and the environment __knowledge__ Changes began to be made regarding natural resource and environmental management with the specific role of women in mind.", "Women and the environment __knowledge__ According to the World Bank in 1991, \"Women play an essential role in the management of natural resources, including soil, water, forests and energy...and often have a profound traditional and contemporary knowledge of the natural world around them\".", "Hydraulic fracturing in the United States __knowledge__ Hydraulic fracturing in the United States began in 1949.", "Hydraulic fracturing in the United States __knowledge__ According to the Department of Energy (DOE), by 2013 at least two million oil and gas wells in the US had been hydraulically fractured, and that of new wells being drilled, up to 95% are hydraulically fractured.", "Hydraulic fracturing in the United States __knowledge__ The output from these wells makes up 43% of the oil production and 67% of the natural gas production in the United States.", "Hydraulic fracturing in the United States __knowledge__ Environmental safety and health concerns about hydraulic fracturing emerged in the 1980s, and are still being debated at the state and federal levels.", "Hydraulic fracturing in the United States __knowledge__ New York banned massive hydraulic fracturing by executive order in 2012.", "Environmental governance __knowledge__ Environmental governance is a concept in political ecology and environmental policy that advocates sustainability (sustainable development) as the supreme consideration for managing all human activities—political, social and economic.", "Environmental governance __knowledge__ Governance includes government, business and civil society, and emphasizes whole system management.", "Environmental governance __knowledge__ To capture this diverse range of elements, environmental governance often employs alternative systems of governance, for example watershed-based management.", "Environmental governance __knowledge__ It views natural resources and the environment as global public goods, belonging to the category of goods that are not diminished when they are shared.", "Value-action gap __knowledge__ The value-action gap is the space that occurs when the values (personal and cultural) or attitudes of an individual do not correlate to his or her actions.", "Value-action gap __knowledge__ More generally, it is the difference between what people say and what people do.", "Value-action gap __knowledge__ The phrase is associated with environmental geography, relating to attitudes and behaviors surrounding environmental issues.", "Value-action gap __knowledge__ Usually attitudes affect behavior; however the opposite often seems to be the case with regard to environmental attitudes and values.", "Value-action gap __knowledge__ The outcome is that there is a gap between the high value people place on the natural environment and the relatively low level of action taken by individuals to counter environmental problems.", "South African environmental law __knowledge__ South African environmental law describes the legal rules in South Africa relating to the social, economic, philosophical and jurisprudential issues raised by attempts to protect and conserve the environment in South Africa.", "South African environmental law __knowledge__ South African environmental law encompasses natural resource conservation and utilization, as well as land-use planning and development.", "South African environmental law __knowledge__ Issues of enforcement are also considered, together with the international dimension, which has shaped much of the direction of environmental law in South Africa.", "South African environmental law __knowledge__ The role of the country's Constitution, crucial to any understanding of the application of environmental law, also is examined.", "Ecotourism __knowledge__ Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving visiting fragile, pristine, and relatively undisturbed natural areas, intended as a low-impact and often small scale alternative to standard commercial mass tourism.", "Ecotourism __knowledge__ It means responsible travel to natural areas conserving the environment and improving the well-being of the local people.", "Ecotourism __knowledge__ Its purpose may be to educate the traveler, to provide funds for ecological conservation, to directly benefit the economic development and political empowerment of local communities, or to foster respect for different cultures and for human rights.", "Ecotourism __knowledge__ Since the 1980s, ecotourism has been considered a critical endeavor by environmentalists, so that future generations may experience destinations relatively untouched by human intervention.", "Globalization __knowledge__ Globalization (or globalisation; see spelling differences) is the increasing interaction of people, states, or countries through the growth of the international flow of money, ideas, and culture.", "Globalization __knowledge__ Globalization is primarily an economic process of integration that has social and cultural aspects.", "Globalization __knowledge__ It involves goods and services, and the economic resources of capital, technology, and data.", "Globalization __knowledge__ The steam locomotive, steamship, jet engine, and container ships are some of the advances in the means of transport while the rise of the telegraph and its modern offspring, the Internet and mobile phones show development in telecommunications infrastructure.", "Environmentalism __knowledge__ Environmentalism or environmental rights is a broad philosophy, ideology, and social movement regarding concerns for environmental protection and improvement of the health of the environment, particularly as the measure for this health seeks to incorporate the impact of changes to the environment on humans, animals, plants and non-living matter.", "Environmentalism __knowledge__ While environmentalism focuses more on the environmental and nature-related aspects of green ideology and politics, ecologism combines the ideology of social ecology and environmentalism.", "Environmentalism __knowledge__ Ecologism is more commonly used in continental European languages while ‘environmentalism’ is more commonly used in English but the words have slightly different connotations.", "Dakota Access Pipeline protests __knowledge__ The Dakota Access Pipeline protests, also known by the hashtag #NODAPL, are grassroots movements that began in early 2016 in reaction to the approved construction of Energy Transfer Partners' Dakota Access Pipeline in the northern United States.", "Dakota Access Pipeline protests __knowledge__ The pipeline was projected to run from the Bakken oil fields in western North Dakota to southern Illinois, crossing beneath the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers, as well as under part of Lake Oahe near the Standing Rock Indian Reservation.", "Dakota Access Pipeline protests __knowledge__ Many in the Standing Rock tribe considered the pipeline and its intended crossing of the Missouri River to constitute a threat to the region's clean water and to ancient burial grounds.", "Human rights in China __knowledge__ Xinjiang Human rights in China is a highly contested topic, especially for the fundamental human rights periodically reviewed by the United Nations Human Rights Committee, on which the government of the People's Republic of China and various foreign governments and human rights organizations have often disagreed.", "Human rights in China __knowledge__ PRC authorities, their supporters, and other proponents claim that existing policies and enforcement measures are sufficient to guard against human rights abuses.", "Human rights in China __knowledge__ However, other countries and their authorities (such as the United States Department of State, Canada, among others), international non-governmental organizations (NGOs), such as Human Rights in China and Amnesty International, and citizens, lawyers, and dissidents inside the country, state that the authorities in mainland China regularly sanction or organize such abuses." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Carnivore __knowledge__ A carnivore , meaning \"meat eater\" (Latin, \"caro\", genitive \"carnis\", meaning \"meat\" or \"flesh\" and \"vorare\" meaning \"to devour\"), is an organism that derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of animal tissue, whether through predation or scavenging.", "Carnivore __knowledge__ Animals that depend solely on animal flesh for their nutrient requirements are called obligate carnivores while those that also consume non-animal food are called facultative carnivores.", "Carnivore __knowledge__ Omnivores also consume both animal and non-animal food, and, apart from the more general definition, there is no clearly defined ratio of plant to animal material that would distinguish a facultative carnivore from an omnivore.", "Carnivore __knowledge__ A carnivore that sits at the top of the food chain is termed an apex predator.", "Carnivore __knowledge__ The word \"carnivore\" sometimes refers to the mammalian order Carnivora, but this is somewhat misleading.", "Carnivore __knowledge__ While many Carnivora meet the definition of being meat eaters, not all do, and even fewer are true obligate carnivores (see below).", "Carnivore __knowledge__ For example, most species of bears are actually omnivorous, except for the giant panda, which is almost exclusively herbivorous, and the exclusively meat-eating polar bear, which lives in the Arctic, where few plants grow.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ Nutrition is the science that interprets the interaction of nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ It includes food intake, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism, and excretion.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ The diet of an organism is what it eats, which is largely determined by the availability and palatability of foods.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ For humans, a healthy diet includes preparation of food and storage methods that preserve nutrients from oxidation, heat or leaching, and that reduce risk of foodborne illness.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ In humans, an unhealthy diet can cause deficiency-related diseases such as blindness, anemia, scurvy, preterm birth, stillbirth and cretinism, or nutrient excess health-threatening conditions such as obesity and metabolic syndrome; and such common chronic systemic diseases as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Human nutrition deals with the provision of essential nutrients in food that are necessary to support human life and health.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Generally, people can survive up to 40 days without food, a period largely dependent on the amount of water consumed, stored body fat, muscle mass and genetic factors.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Poor nutrition is a chronic problem often linked to poverty, a poor understanding of nutrition and dietary practices, and deficient sanitation and food security.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Malnutrition and its consequences are large contributors to deaths and disabilities worldwide.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Good nutrition helps children grow physically, promotes human biological development and helps in the eradication of poverty.", "Regulatory taking __knowledge__ Regulatory taking is a situation in which a government regulation limits the uses of private property to such a degree that the regulation effectively deprives the property owners of economically reasonable use or value of their property to such an extent that it deprives them of utility or value of that property, even though the regulation does not formally divest them of title to it.", "Regulatory taking __knowledge__ In common law jurisdictions, state governments traditionally enjoy police power, under which a government may regulate a variety of aspects of the lives of its subjects.", "Regulatory taking __knowledge__ Under American law, however, this power does not extend to the outright divestiture of title to private property, nor to the de facto equivalent of it.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ In ecology, sustainability (from \"sustain\" and \"ability\") is the property of biological systems to remain diverse and productive indefinitely.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ Long-lived and healthy wetlands and forests are examples of sustainable biological systems.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ In more general terms, sustainability is the endurance of systems and processes.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ The organizing principle for sustainability is sustainable development, which includes the four interconnected domains: ecology, economics, politics and culture.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ Sustainability science is the study of sustainable development and environmental science.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ Sustainability can also be defined as a socio-ecological process characterized by the pursuit of a common ideal.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ Advertising to children is the act of marketing or [advertising] products or services to children as defined by national legislation and advertising standards.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ It is often the subject of debate, relating to the alleged influence on children’s consumption.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ Laws concerning such advertisements have largely evolved in recent years.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ In most countries, advertising for children is framed by a mix of legislation and advertising self-regulation.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ In the nineteenth century, the compulsory education of children was established.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ Consequently, children began to be targeted by an increasing number of publications.Commercial appeals to children, however, did not become commonplace until the advent and widespread adoption of television and grew exponentially with the advent of cable television.", "Mental health __knowledge__ Mental health is a level of psychological well-being, or an absence of mental illness.", "Mental health __knowledge__ It is the \"psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioural adjustment\".", "Mental health __knowledge__ From the perspective of positive psychology or holism, mental health may include an individual's ability to enjoy life, and create a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience.", "Mental health __knowledge__ According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health includes \"subjective well-being, perceived self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, inter-generational dependence, and self-actualization of one's intellectual and emotional potential, among others.\"", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Dog food __knowledge__ Dog food is food specifically formulated and intended for consumption by dogs and other related canines.", "Dog food __knowledge__ Like all carnivores, dogs have sharp, pointed teeth, and have short gastrointestinal tracts better suited for the consumption of meat.", "Dog food __knowledge__ In spite of this natural carnivorous design, dogs have still managed to adapt over thousands of years to survive on the meat and non-meat scraps and leftovers of human existence and thrive on a variety of foods.", "Dog food __knowledge__ In the United States alone, dog owners spent over $8.6 billion on commercially manufactured dog food in 2007.", "Dog food __knowledge__ Some people make their own dog food, feed their dogs meals made from ingredients purchased in grocery or health food stores or give their dogs a raw food diet.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ In most societies the great majority of people eat meat when they can get it, but increasing controversy and debate has arisen over the ethics of eating animals.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ The most commonly given ethical objection to meat-eating is that, for most people living in the developed world, it is not necessary for survival or health; slaughtering animals solely because people enjoy the taste of meat is argued by some to be wrong and morally unjustifiable.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ Ethical vegetarians and ethical vegans may also object to the practices underlying the production of meat, or cite their concerns about animal welfare, animal rights, environmental ethics, and religious reasons.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religions that originated in ancient India (Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism).", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ In Jainism, vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, it is advocated by some influential scriptures and religious authorities.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Comparatively, in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the Bahá'í Faith and Dharmic religions such as Sikhism, vegetarianism is not promoted by mainstream authorities, although in all these faiths there are small groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious grounds.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Most Indian religions have philosophical schools that forbid consumption of meat and Jainism institutes an outright ban on the same." ] ]

[ 3, 12, 2, 0 ]

[ "I was actually a vegetarian for four years, but now I eat a bit of meat. I guess we're both omnivores then as we eat both animal and non-animal food.", "I don't believe that's true, I did out of environmental concerns, but some people also do it for cultural and political reasons.", "I suppose that's true, but humans are not obligate carnivores, as in we are not solely dependent on meat products for nutrients. Fitness also refers to reproductive ability, I don't think a vegetarian diet influences that. ", "Which nutrients do you think are lacking? The only one I can think of is B12, and that's necessary for vegans not vegetarians." ]

[ "Carnivore", "Carnivore", "Carnivore", "Carnivore" ]

[ "Crochet\nhi, do you like football?", "oh cool. my grandma used to do that. i wish i'd learned that from her. she showed me how to do it", "but you use two hooks, right?", "ok, i guess it's relaxing? ", "back in olden days i get ti but why would anybody do it in current year?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Crochet __knowledge__ \"Not to be confused with Crotchet, the common name for a Quarter note in music.\"", "Crochet __knowledge__ Crochet (; ) is a process of creating fabric by interlocking loops of yarn, thread, or strands of other materials using a crochet hook.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The name is derived from the French term \"crochet\", meaning 'small hook'.", "Crochet __knowledge__ These are made of materials such as metal, wood, or plastic and are manufactured commercially and produced in artisan workshops.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The salient difference between crochet and knitting, beyond the implements used for their production, is that each stitch in crochet is completed before proceeding with the next one, while knitting keeps a large number of stitches open at a time.", "Crochet __knowledge__ (Variant forms such as Tunisian crochet and broomstick lace keep multiple crochet stitches open at a time.)", "Crochet __knowledge__ The word crochet is derived from the Old French \"crochet\", a diminutive of \"croche\", in turn from the Germanic \"croc\", both meaning \"hook\".", "Crochet __knowledge__ It was used in 17th-century French lace making, \"crochetage\" designating a stitch used to join separate pieces of lace, and \"crochet\" subsequently designating both a specific type of fabric and the hooked needle used to produce it.", "Crochet __knowledge__ Although the fabric is not known to be crochet in the present sense, a genealogical relationship between the techniques sharing that name appears likely.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ The 2009–10 season is Sunderland's third consecutive season in the top division of English football, the Premier League.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Ricky Sbragia was replaced by Steve Bruce in the close season.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ His aim is to improve on the club's 16th position the previous season.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Darren Bent was the top scorer in the Premier League with 24 goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Andy Reid was the top scorer in the League Cup with two goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Fraizer Campbell was the top scorer in the FA Cup with two goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Darren Bent was the top scorer in all competitions with 25 goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ At the end of the season, Darren Bent won both the club's official Player of the Season and the SAFC Supporters' Association awards.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ Hi-5 are an Australian children's musical group formed in 1998, who are associated with the children's television series of the same name.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ As of December 2016, the members are Lachie Dearing, Courtney Clarke, Shay Clifford, Joe Kalou and Bailey Spalding.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The group is aimed at preschoolers, composed of five performers who entertain and educate children through music, movement and play.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ \"Hi-5\" was created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans, initially a television series for the Nine Network, which premiered in 1999.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The cast of the show became a recognised musical group for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The original members were Kellie Crawford, Kathleen de Leon Jones, Nathan Foley, Tim Harding and Charli Robinson.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ In January 2004, Sony announced the Hi-MD media storage format as a further development of the MiniDisc format.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ With its release in later 2004, came the ability to use newly developed, high-capacity 1 gigabyte Hi-MD discs, sporting the same dimensions as regular MiniDiscs.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ The Hi-MD format can be considered obsolete as the last recorder/player was discontinued in 2011.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ The discs themselves were withdrawn from sale in September 2012, though regular MiniDiscs are still available ().", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ Hi-MD offers the choice of several codecs for audio recording: PCM, Hi-SP and Hi-LP, each selectable on the Hi-MD Walkman itself.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ Hi-5 is an Australian children's television series, originally produced by Kids Like Us and later Southern Star for the Nine Network and created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The program is known for its educational content, and for the cast of the program, who became a recognised musical group for children outside of the series, known collectively as Hi-5.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ It has generated discussion about what is considered appropriate television for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The series premiered in April 1999 on the Nine Network.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The series is designed for a pre-school audience, featuring five performers who educate and entertain through music, movement and play.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ A hi-hat, also spelled hihat or high-hat, is a combination of two cymbals, a foot-operated pedal which moves a rod which in turn moves one of the cymbals, all mounted on a metal stand.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ Hihats are an essential part of the standard drum kit used by drummers in many popular music (e.g.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ every genre of rock music) and traditional music (e.g.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ blues) styles.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ It consists of a mating pair of small to medium-sized cymbals mounted on a stand, with the two cymbals facing each other.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ The bottom cymbal is fixed and the top is mounted on a rod which moves the top cymbal towards the bottom one when a foot pedal is depressed (a hihat that is in this position is said to be \"closed\" or \"closed hihats\").", "Drum kit __knowledge__ A drum kit — also called a drum set, trap set, or simply drums — is a collection of drums and other percussion instruments, typically cymbals, which are set up on stands to be played by a single player, with drumsticks held in both hands, and the feet operating pedals that control the hi-hat cymbal and the beater for the bass drum.", "Drum kit __knowledge__ A drum kit consists of a mix of drums (categorized classically as membranophones, Hornbostel-Sachs high-level classification 2) and idiophones - most significantly cymbals, but can also include the woodblock and cowbell (classified as Hornbostel-Sachs high-level classification 1).", "List of Duck Dodgers characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the American animated television series \"Duck Dodgers\".", "List of Duck Dodgers characters __knowledge__ Captain Duck Edgar Dumas Aloysius Eoghain Dodgers, the star of the show, was played by the fictional character Daffy Duck.", "List of Duck Dodgers characters __knowledge__ He was voiced by Joe Alaskey.", "List of Duck Dodgers characters __knowledge__ Duck Dodgers was accidentally frozen for over three centuries.", "List of Duck Dodgers characters __knowledge__ He was revived by Dr. I.Q.", "List of Duck Dodgers characters __knowledge__ Hi in the middle of the 24th century.", "List of Duck Dodgers characters __knowledge__ Through scheming and lies, he managed to trick everyone into believing he was a 21st-century hero.", "List of Duck Dodgers characters __knowledge__ In reality, he was only a water boy for a football team.", "List of Duck Dodgers characters __knowledge__ He is arrogant, selfish, greedy, lazy, cowardly, gullible, and not particularly intelligent." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Crochet __knowledge__ \"Not to be confused with Crotchet, the common name for a Quarter note in music.\"", "Crochet __knowledge__ Crochet (; ) is a process of creating fabric by interlocking loops of yarn, thread, or strands of other materials using a crochet hook.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The name is derived from the French term \"crochet\", meaning 'small hook'.", "Crochet __knowledge__ These are made of materials such as metal, wood, or plastic and are manufactured commercially and produced in artisan workshops.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The salient difference between crochet and knitting, beyond the implements used for their production, is that each stitch in crochet is completed before proceeding with the next one, while knitting keeps a large number of stitches open at a time.", "Crochet __knowledge__ (Variant forms such as Tunisian crochet and broomstick lace keep multiple crochet stitches open at a time.)", "Crochet __knowledge__ The word crochet is derived from the Old French \"crochet\", a diminutive of \"croche\", in turn from the Germanic \"croc\", both meaning \"hook\".", "Crochet __knowledge__ It was used in 17th-century French lace making, \"crochetage\" designating a stitch used to join separate pieces of lace, and \"crochet\" subsequently designating both a specific type of fabric and the hooked needle used to produce it.", "Crochet __knowledge__ Although the fabric is not known to be crochet in the present sense, a genealogical relationship between the techniques sharing that name appears likely.", "Pelops __knowledge__ In Greek mythology, Pelops (; Greek: Πέλοψ \"dark eyes\" or \"dark face\", derived from \"pelios\" 'dark' and \"ops\" 'face, eye'), was king of Pisa in the Peloponnesus.", "Pelops __knowledge__ His father, Tantalus, was the founder of the House of Atreus through Pelops's son of that name.", "Pelops __knowledge__ He was venerated at Olympia, where his cult developed into the founding myth of the Olympic Games, the most important expression of unity, not only for the Peloponnesus, \"island of Pelops\", but for all Hellenes.", "Pelops __knowledge__ At the sanctuary at Olympia, chthonic night-time libations were offered each time to \"dark-faced\" Pelops in his sacrificial pit (\"bothros\") before they were offered in the following daylight to the sky-god Zeus (Burkert 1983:96).", "Atreus __knowledge__ In Greek mythology, Atreus (, ;, from ἀ-, \"no\" and τρέω, \"tremble\", \"fearless\", ) was a king of Mycenae in the Peloponnese, the son of Pelops and Hippodamia, and the father of Agamemnon and Menelaus.", "Atreus __knowledge__ Collectively, his descendants are known as Atreidai or Atreidae.", "Atreus __knowledge__ Atreus and his twin brother Thyestes were exiled by their father for murdering their half-brother Chrysippus in their desire for the throne of Olympia.", "Atreus __knowledge__ They took refuge in Mycenae, where they ascended to the throne in the absence of King Eurystheus, who was fighting the Heracleidae.", "Atreus __knowledge__ Eurystheus had meant for their stewardship to be temporary, but it became permanent after his death in battle.", "Hippodamia __knowledge__ Hippodamia (} or ; also Hippodamea and Hippodameia; \"she who masters horses\" derived from \"hippos\" \"horse\" and \"damazein\" \"to tame\") was a Greek mythological figure.", "Hippodamia __knowledge__ She was the queen of Pisa as the wife of Pelops.", "Hippodamia __knowledge__ Hippodamia was the daughter of King Oenomaus of Pisa and either Evarete of Argos, the daughter of Acrisius and Eurydice, or Eurythoe, daughter of Danaus.", "Hippodamia __knowledge__ She married Pelops, and their daughters were Astydameia, Nicippe, Lysidice, Mytilene, and Eurydice, and their sons were Atreus, Thyestes, Pittheus, Alcathous, Troezen, Hippalcimus, Copreus, Dias, and Hippasus.", "Hippodamia __knowledge__ Aelius, Cleonymus, Sciron, Argeius, Corinthius, Dysponteus, and Pleisthenes are also listed as her sons.", "Blackwulf __knowledge__ Blackwulf is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Blackwulf __knowledge__ Blackwulf (Lucian) is the fourth son born to Lord Tantalus and Queen Nirvana on Armechadon.", "Blackwulf __knowledge__ Though all of Lord Tantalus’ children had been born considered genetically perfect, Lucian bore a birthmark which was considered his affliction of the Black Legacy.", "Blackwulf __knowledge__ On evening that Lord Tantalus was to venture to Earth, Queen Nirvana killed herself to prevent herself from giving birth to anymore monstrous children.", "Blackwulf __knowledge__ Having very low respect for Lucian and his abilities, Tantalus decided to bring Lucian with him to Earth, wherein the Celestials decided to exile Lord Tantalus.", "Duck family (Disney) __knowledge__ The Duck family is a fictional family of cartoon ducks related to Disney character Donald Duck.", "Duck family (Disney) __knowledge__ The family is also related to the Coot, Goose, and Gander families, as well as the Scottish Clan McDuck.", "Duck family (Disney) __knowledge__ Besides Donald, the best-known members of the Duck family are Huey, Dewey, and Louie, Donald's three nephews.", "Duck family (Disney) __knowledge__ Members of the Duck family appear most extensively in Donald Duck comic stories (although some have made animated appearances).", "Duck family (Disney) __knowledge__ In 1993, American comics author Don Rosa published a Duck family tree which established each characters' relationships for purposes of his stories.", "Duck family (Disney) __knowledge__ Rosa even created a fictional timeline for when certain characters were born.", "Oenomaus __knowledge__ In Greek mythology, King Oenomaus (also Oenamaus; ) of Pisa, the father of Hippodamia, was the son of Ares, either by the naiad Harpina (daughter of the river god Phliasian Asopus, the armed (\"harpe\") spirit of a spring near Pisa) or by Sterope, one of the Pleiades, whom some identify as his consort instead.", "Oenomaus __knowledge__ He married, if not Sterope, then Evarete of Argos, the daughter of Acrisius and Eurydice.", "Oenomaus __knowledge__ Yet others give Eurythoe, daughter of Danaus, either as his mother or consort.", "Oenomaus __knowledge__ His children besides Hippodamia were Leucippus (who perished because of his love for Daphne) and Alcippe (mother of Marpessa by Evenus).", "Pindar's First Olympian Ode __knowledge__ The Greek lyric poet Pindar composed odes to celebrate victories at all four Panhellenic Games.", "Pindar's First Olympian Ode __knowledge__ Of his fourteen Olympian Odes, glorifying victors at the Ancient Olympic Games, the First was positioned at the beginning of the collection by Aristophanes of Byzantium since it included praise for the games as well as of Pelops, who first competed at Elis (the polis or city-state in which the festival was later staged).", "Pindar's First Olympian Ode __knowledge__ It was the most quoted in antiquity and was hailed as the \"best of all the odes\" by Lucian.", "Pindar's First Olympian Ode __knowledge__ Pindar composed the epinikion in honour of his then patron Hieron I, tyrant of Syracuse, whose horse Pherenikos and its jockey were victorious in the single horse race in 476 BC.", "Crochet thread __knowledge__ Crochet thread is specially formulated thread usually made from mercerized cotton for crafting decorative crochet items such as doilies or filet crochet.", "Crochet thread __knowledge__ Crochet thread produces fabric of fine gauge that may be stiffened with starch.", "Crochet thread __knowledge__ Crochet thread is almost always produced from cotton and has a denser pile and smaller diameter than ordinary yarn.", "Crochet thread __knowledge__ Most crochet threads are thicker in diameter than sewing thread.", "Crochet thread __knowledge__ Crochet thread can withstand considerable stresses from pulls with sharp hooks.", "Crochet thread __knowledge__ Crochet manufacturing conventions treat thread and yarn quite differently: manufacturers designate different sizing scales for thread and yarn.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting is a method by which yarn is manipulated to create a textile or fabric for use in many types of garments.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting creates multiple loops of yarn, called stitches, in a line or tube.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting has multiple active stitches on the needle at one time.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitted fabric consists of a number of consecutive rows of intermeshing of loops.", "Knitting __knowledge__ As each row progresses, a newly created loop is pulled through one or more loops from the prior row, placed on the gaining needle, and the loops from the prior row are then pulled off the other needle.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting may be done by hand or by using a machine.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Different types of yarns (fibre type, texture, and twist), needle sizes, and stitch types may be used to achieve knitted fabrics with different properties (color, texture, weight, heat retention, look, water resistance, and/or integrity).", "Tatting __knowledge__ Tatting is a technique for handcrafting a particularly durable lace from a series of knots and loops.", "Tatting __knowledge__ Tatting can be used to make lace edging as well as doilies, collars, accessories such as earrings and necklaces, and other decorative pieces.", "Tatting __knowledge__ The lace is formed by a pattern of rings and chains formed from a series of cow hitch or half-hitch knots, called double stitches, over a core thread.", "Tatting __knowledge__ Gaps can be left between the stitches to form picots, which are used for practical construction as well as decorative effect.", "Tatting __knowledge__ Tatting dates to the early 17th century, as evidence in a poem by Sir Charles Sedley, \"The Royal Knotter\", written in the late 1600s and published posthumously in 1707.", "Tunisian crochet __knowledge__ Tunisian crochet, also known as Afghan crochet, is a type of crochet that uses an elongated hook, often with a stopper on the handle end, called an Afghan hook.", "Tunisian crochet __knowledge__ It is sometimes considered to be a mixture of crocheting and knitting.", "Tunisian crochet __knowledge__ As such, some techniques used in knitting are also applicable in Tunisian crochet.", "Tunisian crochet __knowledge__ One example is the intarsia method.", "Tunisian crochet __knowledge__ The work is begun with the traditional starting chain, a series of slip stitches.", "Tunisian crochet __knowledge__ Once the chain is completed, the first row is worked by inserting the hook back into the previous link of the chain, and a loop from the free end of the yarn is grabbed with the hook and pulled back through the link.", "Nålebinding __knowledge__ Nålebinding (Danish: literally \"binding with a needle\" or \"needle-binding\", also naalbinding, nålbinding, nålbindning or naalebinding) is a fabric creation technique predating both knitting and crochet.", "Nålebinding __knowledge__ Also known in English as \"knotless netting,\" \"knotless knitting,\" or \"single needle knitting,\" the technique is distinct from crochet in that it involves passing the full length of the working thread through each loop, unlike crochet where the work is formed only of loops, never involving the free end.", "Nålebinding __knowledge__ It also differs from knitting in that lengths must be pieced together during the process of nålebinding, rather than a continuous strand of yarn that can easily be pulled out.", "Crochet hook __knowledge__ A crochet hook (or crochet needle) is an implement used to make loops in thread or yarn and to interlock them into crochet stitches.", "Crochet hook __knowledge__ It is basically a round shaft pointed on one end, with a lateral groove behind it.", "Crochet hook __knowledge__ The point eases the insertion of the hook through the material being crocheted and the groove makes it possible to pull a loop back through the material.", "Crochet hook __knowledge__ The shaft is then divided into a working area that determines the hook's nominal diameter and ensures the uniform sizing of the loops formed on it, and a handle.", "Crochet hook __knowledge__ Crochet appeared as a distinct textile art during the early 19th-century and many crochet hooks survive from that period." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Crochet __knowledge__ \"Not to be confused with Crotchet, the common name for a Quarter note in music.\"", "Crochet __knowledge__ Crochet (; ) is a process of creating fabric by interlocking loops of yarn, thread, or strands of other materials using a crochet hook.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The name is derived from the French term \"crochet\", meaning 'small hook'.", "Crochet __knowledge__ These are made of materials such as metal, wood, or plastic and are manufactured commercially and produced in artisan workshops.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The salient difference between crochet and knitting, beyond the implements used for their production, is that each stitch in crochet is completed before proceeding with the next one, while knitting keeps a large number of stitches open at a time.", "Crochet __knowledge__ (Variant forms such as Tunisian crochet and broomstick lace keep multiple crochet stitches open at a time.)", "Crochet __knowledge__ The word crochet is derived from the Old French \"crochet\", a diminutive of \"croche\", in turn from the Germanic \"croc\", both meaning \"hook\".", "Crochet __knowledge__ It was used in 17th-century French lace making, \"crochetage\" designating a stitch used to join separate pieces of lace, and \"crochet\" subsequently designating both a specific type of fabric and the hooked needle used to produce it.", "Crochet __knowledge__ Although the fabric is not known to be crochet in the present sense, a genealogical relationship between the techniques sharing that name appears likely.", "Suspension (body modification) __knowledge__ A suspension is the act of suspending a human body from hooks that have been put through body piercings.", "Suspension (body modification) __knowledge__ These piercings are temporary and are performed just prior to the actual suspension.", "Suspension (body modification) __knowledge__ The process is very delicate and is typically done carefully by an experienced individual or professional of the field in order to avoid serious injury.", "Suspension (body modification) __knowledge__ Suspension may require and often has a small group who handle preparations and the process itself.", "Suspension (body modification) __knowledge__ The actual act of being suspended may take up a tiny portion of time compared to the time involved in preparation, though some people remain suspended for hours.", "Bell hooks __knowledge__ Gloria Jean Watkins (born September 25, 1952), better known by her pen name bell hooks, is an American author, feminist, and social activist.", "Bell hooks __knowledge__ The name \"bell hooks\" is derived from that of her maternal great-grandmother, Bell Blair Hooks.", "Bell hooks __knowledge__ The focus of hooks' writing has been the intersectionality of race, capitalism, and gender, and what she describes as their ability to produce and perpetuate systems of oppression and class domination.", "Bell hooks __knowledge__ She has published over 30 books and numerous scholarly articles, appeared in documentary films, and participated in public lectures.", "Bell hooks __knowledge__ She has addressed race, class, and gender in education, art, history, sexuality, mass media, and feminism.", "Like a Virgin (song) __knowledge__ \"Like a Virgin\" is a song recorded by American singer Madonna for her second studio album \"Like a Virgin\" (1984).", "Like a Virgin (song) __knowledge__ It was released on October 31, 1984, by the Sire label as the album's lead single.", "Like a Virgin (song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Tom Kelly and Billy Steinberg, and produced by Nile Rodgers; Steinberg said that the song was inspired by his personal experiences of romance.", "Like a Virgin (song) __knowledge__ \"Like a Virgin\" was chosen for Madonna by Michael Ostin of Warner Bros. Records after listening to a demo sung by Kelly.", "Like a Virgin (song) __knowledge__ However, Rodgers initially felt that the song did not have a sufficient hook and was not suitable for Madonna, but subsequently changed his opinion after the hook was stuck in his mind.", "Mamer __knowledge__ Mamer () is a commune and town (strictly classified as a village) in south-western Luxembourg.", "Mamer __knowledge__ It is located west of Luxembourg City.", "Mamer __knowledge__ The commune includes Mamer itself, and also the smaller communities of Capellen and Holzem.", "Mamer __knowledge__ Mamer is situated on the river Mamer, a tributary of the Alzette.", "Mamer __knowledge__ The A6 motorway from Luxembourg to Brussels, also designated European route E25, runs through Mamer.", "Mamer __knowledge__ , Mamer, which lies in the east of the commune, has a population of 8,173.", "Mamer __knowledge__ The town is the thirteenth-largest in Luxembourg.", "Mamer __knowledge__ The commune as a whole is the fourteenth-most populous in the country.", "Mamer __knowledge__ The Treveri, a Gallic or Celtic tribe, inhabited the region for several hundred years until they were conquered by Julius Caesar in 54 BC.", "Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center __knowledge__ Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center (1984; second edition 2000) is a book by feminist author bell hooks.", "Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center __knowledge__ Her second book, it confirmed her importance as a leader in radical feminist thought.", "Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center __knowledge__ Throughout the book, hooks uses the term white-supremacist capitalist patriarchy as a lens through which to both critique various aspects of American culture and to offer potential solutions to the problems she explores.", "Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center __knowledge__ She addresses topics including the goals of feminist movement, the role of men in feminist struggle, the relevance of pacifism, solidarity among women, and the nature of revolution.", "Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center __knowledge__ Hooks can be identified in her discussions of these topics as a radical feminist because of her arguments that the system itself is corrupt, and that achieving equality in such a system is neither possible nor desirable.", "Fish hook __knowledge__ A fish hook or fishhook is a device for catching fish either by impaling them in the mouth or, more rarely, by snagging the body of the fish.", "Fish hook __knowledge__ Fish hooks have been employed for centuries by fishermen to catch fresh and saltwater fish.", "Fish hook __knowledge__ In 2005, the fish hook was chosen by \"Forbes\" as one of the top twenty tools in the history of man.", "Fish hook __knowledge__ Fish hooks are normally attached to some form of line or lure which connects the caught fish to the fisherman.", "Fish hook __knowledge__ There is an enormous variety of fish hooks in the world of fishing.", "Fish hook __knowledge__ Sizes, designs, shapes, and materials are all variable depending on the intended purpose of the fish hook.", "Benjamin Hooks __knowledge__ Benjamin Lawson Hooks (January 31, 1925 – April 15, 2010) was an American civil rights leader.", "Benjamin Hooks __knowledge__ A Baptist minister and practicing attorney, he served as executive director of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) from 1977 to 1992, and throughout his career was a vocal campaigner for civil rights in the United States.", "Benjamin Hooks __knowledge__ Benjamin Hooks was born in Memphis, Tennessee.", "Benjamin Hooks __knowledge__ Growing up on South Lauderdale and Vance, he was the fifth son of Robert B & Bessie White Hooks.", "Benjamin Hooks __knowledge__ He had 6 other siblings.", "Benjamin Hooks __knowledge__ His father was a photographer and owned a photography studio with his brother Henry, known at the time as Hooks Brothers, and the family was fairly comfortable by the standards of black people for the day.", "Tunisian crochet __knowledge__ Tunisian crochet, also known as Afghan crochet, is a type of crochet that uses an elongated hook, often with a stopper on the handle end, called an Afghan hook.", "Tunisian crochet __knowledge__ It is sometimes considered to be a mixture of crocheting and knitting.", "Tunisian crochet __knowledge__ As such, some techniques used in knitting are also applicable in Tunisian crochet.", "Tunisian crochet __knowledge__ One example is the intarsia method.", "Tunisian crochet __knowledge__ The work is begun with the traditional starting chain, a series of slip stitches.", "Tunisian crochet __knowledge__ Once the chain is completed, the first row is worked by inserting the hook back into the previous link of the chain, and a loop from the free end of the yarn is grabbed with the hook and pulled back through the link.", "Tatting __knowledge__ Tatting is a technique for handcrafting a particularly durable lace from a series of knots and loops.", "Tatting __knowledge__ Tatting can be used to make lace edging as well as doilies, collars, accessories such as earrings and necklaces, and other decorative pieces.", "Tatting __knowledge__ The lace is formed by a pattern of rings and chains formed from a series of cow hitch or half-hitch knots, called double stitches, over a core thread.", "Tatting __knowledge__ Gaps can be left between the stitches to form picots, which are used for practical construction as well as decorative effect.", "Tatting __knowledge__ Tatting dates to the early 17th century, as evidence in a poem by Sir Charles Sedley, \"The Royal Knotter\", written in the late 1600s and published posthumously in 1707.", "Crochet hook __knowledge__ A crochet hook (or crochet needle) is an implement used to make loops in thread or yarn and to interlock them into crochet stitches.", "Crochet hook __knowledge__ It is basically a round shaft pointed on one end, with a lateral groove behind it.", "Crochet hook __knowledge__ The point eases the insertion of the hook through the material being crocheted and the groove makes it possible to pull a loop back through the material.", "Crochet hook __knowledge__ The shaft is then divided into a working area that determines the hook's nominal diameter and ensures the uniform sizing of the loops formed on it, and a handle.", "Crochet hook __knowledge__ Crochet appeared as a distinct textile art during the early 19th-century and many crochet hooks survive from that period.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting is a method by which yarn is manipulated to create a textile or fabric for use in many types of garments.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting creates multiple loops of yarn, called stitches, in a line or tube.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting has multiple active stitches on the needle at one time.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitted fabric consists of a number of consecutive rows of intermeshing of loops.", "Knitting __knowledge__ As each row progresses, a newly created loop is pulled through one or more loops from the prior row, placed on the gaining needle, and the loops from the prior row are then pulled off the other needle.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting may be done by hand or by using a machine.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Different types of yarns (fibre type, texture, and twist), needle sizes, and stitch types may be used to achieve knitted fabrics with different properties (color, texture, weight, heat retention, look, water resistance, and/or integrity).", "Tapestry crochet __knowledge__ Tapestry crochet is sometimes called jacquard crochet, intarsia, mosaic, fair isle, and colorwork, but today these terms usually describe different techniques.", "Tapestry crochet __knowledge__ Since the yarns are switched back and forth to create motifs, tapestry crochet fabric looks more like it was woven on a loom than crocheted with a hook.", "Tapestry crochet __knowledge__ Just as there are several ways to produce a woven tapestry, so there are different ways to do tapestry crochet.", "Tapestry crochet __knowledge__ Most tapestry crochet is done with single crochet stitches, but the slip stitch, half double, and double crochet stitches are also used.", "Tapestry crochet __knowledge__ Yarns not in play are either carried inside the stitches, dropped and picked up when needed (also called intarsia), or they run along the back of the stitches.", "Irish lace __knowledge__ Irish lace has always been an important part of the Irish needlework tradition.", "Irish lace __knowledge__ Both needlepoint and Bobbin-laces were made in Ireland before the middle of the eighteenth century, but never, apparently, on a commercial scale.", "Irish lace __knowledge__ It was promoted by Irish aristocrats such as Lady Arabella Denny, the famous philanthropist, who used social and political connections to support the new industry and promote the sale of Irish lace abroad.", "Irish lace __knowledge__ Lady Denny, working in connection with the Dublin Society, introduced lace-making into the Dublin workhouses, especially among the children there.", "Irish lace __knowledge__ It is thought that it was an early form of Crochet, imitating the appearance of Venetian Gros Point lace." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Crochet __knowledge__ \"Not to be confused with Crotchet, the common name for a Quarter note in music.\"", "Crochet __knowledge__ Crochet (; ) is a process of creating fabric by interlocking loops of yarn, thread, or strands of other materials using a crochet hook.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The name is derived from the French term \"crochet\", meaning 'small hook'.", "Crochet __knowledge__ These are made of materials such as metal, wood, or plastic and are manufactured commercially and produced in artisan workshops.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The salient difference between crochet and knitting, beyond the implements used for their production, is that each stitch in crochet is completed before proceeding with the next one, while knitting keeps a large number of stitches open at a time.", "Crochet __knowledge__ (Variant forms such as Tunisian crochet and broomstick lace keep multiple crochet stitches open at a time.)", "Crochet __knowledge__ The word crochet is derived from the Old French \"crochet\", a diminutive of \"croche\", in turn from the Germanic \"croc\", both meaning \"hook\".", "Crochet __knowledge__ It was used in 17th-century French lace making, \"crochetage\" designating a stitch used to join separate pieces of lace, and \"crochet\" subsequently designating both a specific type of fabric and the hooked needle used to produce it.", "Crochet __knowledge__ Although the fabric is not known to be crochet in the present sense, a genealogical relationship between the techniques sharing that name appears likely.", "OK Go __knowledge__ OK Go is an American rock band originally from Chicago, Illinois, now based in Los Angeles, California.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is composed of Damian Kulash (lead vocals, guitar), Tim Nordwind (bass guitar and vocals), Dan Konopka (drums and percussion) and Andy Ross (guitar, keyboards and vocals), who joined them in 2005, replacing Andy Duncan.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is known for its often quirky and elaborate one-take music videos.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The original members formed as OK Go in 1998 and released two studio albums before Duncan's departure.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band's video for \"Here It Goes Again\" won a Grammy Award for Best Music Video in 2007.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" (; spelling variations include \"okay\", \"O.K.", "OK __knowledge__ \", \"ok\") is an English word denoting approval, acceptance, agreement, assent, or acknowledgment.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" is frequently used as a loanword in other languages.", "OK __knowledge__ It has been described as the most frequently spoken or written word on the planet.", "OK __knowledge__ As an adjective, \"OK\" principally means \"adequate\" or \"acceptable\" as a contrast to \"bad\" (\"The boss approved this, so it is OK to send out\"); it can also mean \"mediocre\" when used in contrast with \"good\" (\"The french fries were great, but the burger was just OK\").", "OK __knowledge__ It fulfills a similar role as an adverb (\"Wow, you did OK for your first time skiing!\").", "OK Computer __knowledge__ OK Computer is the third studio album by English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on 16 June 1997 on EMI subsidiaries Parlophone and Capitol Records.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The members of Radiohead self-produced the album with Nigel Godrich, an arrangement they have used for their subsequent albums.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ Other than the song \"Lucky\", which was recorded in 1995, Radiohead recorded the album in Oxfordshire and Bath between 1996 and early 1997, mostly in the historic mansion St Catherine's Court.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The band made a deliberate attempt to distance themselves from the guitar-oriented, lyrically introspective style of their previous album, \"The Bends\".", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Guess (styled as GUESS or Guess?)", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ is an American clothing brand and retailer.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ In addition to clothing for both men and women, Guess markets other fashion accessories such as watches, jewelry, perfumes, and shoes.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Guess began in 1981 as a book of styles by Georges Marciano.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Maurice, Georges brother, was first sought by Georges to help with product development.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Armand and Paul, also Georges' brothers, were in charge of distribution and advertising, respectively.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Armand ran distribution.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Paul created the advertising, all of it in-house.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Georges designed the clothes, burnishing Guess' signature style: stonewashed denim, lighter in color, softer and more form-fitting than the competitors.", "The Guess Who __knowledge__ The Guess Who are a Canadian rock band, formed in Winnipeg in 1965.", "The Guess Who __knowledge__ Initially gaining recognition in Canada, the group found international success from the late 1960s through the mid-1970s with many hit singles, including \"No Time\", \"American Woman\", \"Laughing\", \"These Eyes\", \"Undun\" and \"Share the Land\".", "The Guess Who __knowledge__ The band have continued to perform and record to the present day; and at various times have included many well-known musicians, including Burton Cummings and Randy Bachman (of Bachman–Turner Overdrive).", "The Guess Who __knowledge__ Formed as a garage rock band, their musical style encompassed the pop rock and psychedelic rock genres.", "Don Hertzfeldt __knowledge__ Don Hertzfeldt (born August 1, 1976) is an American animator, writer, and independent filmmaker.", "Don Hertzfeldt __knowledge__ He is a two-time Academy Award nominee who is best known for the animated films \"World of Tomorrow\", \"It's Such a Beautiful Day\", \"Rejected\", and \"World of Tomorrow Episode Two\".", "Don Hertzfeldt __knowledge__ In 2014, his work appeared on The Simpsons.", "Don Hertzfeldt __knowledge__ Eight of his short films have competed at the Sundance Film Festival, a festival record.", "Don Hertzfeldt __knowledge__ He is also the only filmmaker to have won the Sundance Film Festival's Grand Jury Prize for Short Film twice.", "Don Hertzfeldt __knowledge__ Hertzfeldt's work has been described as \"some of the most influential animation ever created,\", \"some of the most vital and expressive animation of the millennium,\" and \"some of the most essential short films of the past 20 years.\"", "I'm OK – You're OK __knowledge__ I'm OK – You're OK is a 1969 self-help book by Thomas Anthony Harris.", "I'm OK – You're OK __knowledge__ It is a practical guide to transactional analysis as a method for solving problems in life.", "I'm OK – You're OK __knowledge__ The book made the \"New York Times\" Best Seller list in 1972 and remained there for almost two years.", "I'm OK – You're OK __knowledge__ It is estimated by the publisher to have sold over 15 million copies to date and to have been translated into over a dozen languages.http://www.drthomasharris.com/im-ok-youre-ok-book-thomas-harris/ In the preface, Harris praises the then-new procedure of transactional analysis (TA, or as Harris often refers to it, P-A-C) as a major innovation addressing the slow process and limited results that he and other psychiatric practitioners believed was characteristic of conventional psychiatry.", "Suspension (body modification) __knowledge__ A suspension is the act of suspending a human body from hooks that have been put through body piercings.", "Suspension (body modification) __knowledge__ These piercings are temporary and are performed just prior to the actual suspension.", "Suspension (body modification) __knowledge__ The process is very delicate and is typically done carefully by an experienced individual or professional of the field in order to avoid serious injury.", "Suspension (body modification) __knowledge__ Suspension may require and often has a small group who handle preparations and the process itself.", "Suspension (body modification) __knowledge__ The actual act of being suspended may take up a tiny portion of time compared to the time involved in preparation, though some people remain suspended for hours.", "Fish hook __knowledge__ A fish hook or fishhook is a device for catching fish either by impaling them in the mouth or, more rarely, by snagging the body of the fish.", "Fish hook __knowledge__ Fish hooks have been employed for centuries by fishermen to catch fresh and saltwater fish.", "Fish hook __knowledge__ In 2005, the fish hook was chosen by \"Forbes\" as one of the top twenty tools in the history of man.", "Fish hook __knowledge__ Fish hooks are normally attached to some form of line or lure which connects the caught fish to the fisherman.", "Fish hook __knowledge__ There is an enormous variety of fish hooks in the world of fishing.", "Fish hook __knowledge__ Sizes, designs, shapes, and materials are all variable depending on the intended purpose of the fish hook.", "122nd Rajputana Infantry (God's Own) __knowledge__ 122nd Rajputana Infantry (God's Own) (also known as 3rd Battalion The Rajputana Rifles) was one of the six regiments of the British Indian Army that were brought together to form six battalions of the 6th Rajputana Rifles Regiment.", "122nd Rajputana Infantry (God's Own) __knowledge__ In 1945, this came to be known as the Rajputana Rifles after regiments of the British Indian Army dropped the numerals in their titles.", "122nd Rajputana Infantry (God's Own) __knowledge__ Historically, the Army in India was composed of individuals who voluntarily undertook military service.", "122nd Rajputana Infantry (God's Own) __knowledge__ It is only in recent times that categories and designations were created.", "122nd Rajputana Infantry (God's Own) __knowledge__ The term 'Army in India,' though employed loosely from 1875 onward, only became an officially recognised title after 1903.", "Like a Virgin (song) __knowledge__ \"Like a Virgin\" is a song recorded by American singer Madonna for her second studio album \"Like a Virgin\" (1984).", "Like a Virgin (song) __knowledge__ It was released on October 31, 1984, by the Sire label as the album's lead single.", "Like a Virgin (song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Tom Kelly and Billy Steinberg, and produced by Nile Rodgers; Steinberg said that the song was inspired by his personal experiences of romance.", "Like a Virgin (song) __knowledge__ \"Like a Virgin\" was chosen for Madonna by Michael Ostin of Warner Bros. Records after listening to a demo sung by Kelly.", "Like a Virgin (song) __knowledge__ However, Rodgers initially felt that the song did not have a sufficient hook and was not suitable for Madonna, but subsequently changed his opinion after the hook was stuck in his mind.", "Mamer __knowledge__ Mamer () is a commune and town (strictly classified as a village) in south-western Luxembourg.", "Mamer __knowledge__ It is located west of Luxembourg City.", "Mamer __knowledge__ The commune includes Mamer itself, and also the smaller communities of Capellen and Holzem.", "Mamer __knowledge__ Mamer is situated on the river Mamer, a tributary of the Alzette.", "Mamer __knowledge__ The A6 motorway from Luxembourg to Brussels, also designated European route E25, runs through Mamer.", "Mamer __knowledge__ , Mamer, which lies in the east of the commune, has a population of 8,173.", "Mamer __knowledge__ The town is the thirteenth-largest in Luxembourg.", "Mamer __knowledge__ The commune as a whole is the fourteenth-most populous in the country.", "Mamer __knowledge__ The Treveri, a Gallic or Celtic tribe, inhabited the region for several hundred years until they were conquered by Julius Caesar in 54 BC.", "Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center __knowledge__ Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center (1984; second edition 2000) is a book by feminist author bell hooks.", "Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center __knowledge__ Her second book, it confirmed her importance as a leader in radical feminist thought.", "Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center __knowledge__ Throughout the book, hooks uses the term white-supremacist capitalist patriarchy as a lens through which to both critique various aspects of American culture and to offer potential solutions to the problems she explores.", "Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center __knowledge__ She addresses topics including the goals of feminist movement, the role of men in feminist struggle, the relevance of pacifism, solidarity among women, and the nature of revolution.", "Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center __knowledge__ Hooks can be identified in her discussions of these topics as a radical feminist because of her arguments that the system itself is corrupt, and that achieving equality in such a system is neither possible nor desirable.", "Bell hooks __knowledge__ Gloria Jean Watkins (born September 25, 1952), better known by her pen name bell hooks, is an American author, feminist, and social activist.", "Bell hooks __knowledge__ The name \"bell hooks\" is derived from that of her maternal great-grandmother, Bell Blair Hooks.", "Bell hooks __knowledge__ The focus of hooks' writing has been the intersectionality of race, capitalism, and gender, and what she describes as their ability to produce and perpetuate systems of oppression and class domination.", "Bell hooks __knowledge__ She has published over 30 books and numerous scholarly articles, appeared in documentary films, and participated in public lectures.", "Bell hooks __knowledge__ She has addressed race, class, and gender in education, art, history, sexuality, mass media, and feminism." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Crochet __knowledge__ \"Not to be confused with Crotchet, the common name for a Quarter note in music.\"", "Crochet __knowledge__ Crochet (; ) is a process of creating fabric by interlocking loops of yarn, thread, or strands of other materials using a crochet hook.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The name is derived from the French term \"crochet\", meaning 'small hook'.", "Crochet __knowledge__ These are made of materials such as metal, wood, or plastic and are manufactured commercially and produced in artisan workshops.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The salient difference between crochet and knitting, beyond the implements used for their production, is that each stitch in crochet is completed before proceeding with the next one, while knitting keeps a large number of stitches open at a time.", "Crochet __knowledge__ (Variant forms such as Tunisian crochet and broomstick lace keep multiple crochet stitches open at a time.)", "Crochet __knowledge__ The word crochet is derived from the Old French \"crochet\", a diminutive of \"croche\", in turn from the Germanic \"croc\", both meaning \"hook\".", "Crochet __knowledge__ It was used in 17th-century French lace making, \"crochetage\" designating a stitch used to join separate pieces of lace, and \"crochet\" subsequently designating both a specific type of fabric and the hooked needle used to produce it.", "Crochet __knowledge__ Although the fabric is not known to be crochet in the present sense, a genealogical relationship between the techniques sharing that name appears likely.", "Umueze Anam __knowledge__ Umueze Anam is a community in Anambra West Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria.", "Umueze Anam __knowledge__ It is said that Umueze Anam was founded by one hunter from Amadioba Nteje known as Nwavor in the 17th century.", "Umueze Anam __knowledge__ As a hunter, he used to hunt for game around the Omambala River when he found a peaceful peninsula across the river and settled there.", "Umueze Anam __knowledge__ Nwavor was accused of having a hand in the death of his archrival a kinsman of his and in other to free himself from the accusation decided to leave Nteje and settle at Odah.", "Umueze Anam __knowledge__ He first arrived at a place called Odah Anam where he found a lot of wildlife and fertile land for agricultural purposes.", "The Late Show (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The Late Show was a popular Australian comedy show, which ran for two seasons on ABC from 18 July 1992 to 30 October 1993.", "The Late Show (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ \"The Late Show\" has its roots in the 1980s comedy group, \"The D-Generation\".", "The Late Show (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ Consisting mostly of Melbourne University students, \"The D-Generation\" managed to gain a cult following with their radio and TV appearances.", "The Late Show (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ After the breakup of the original \"The D-Generation\", some of the members went on to perform on the commercial TV programme \"Fast Forward\".", "The Late Show (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The remaining members filmed several pilots for what was to be called \"The Late Late Show\" at Channel Nine.", "The Late Show (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ These were rejected, and so the group accepted the ABC's offer of a one-hour timeslot on Saturday night.", "Guptan __knowledge__ Guptan () is a Hindu Vaishya community from the Palakkad district of Kerala, South India.", "Guptan __knowledge__ The majority of the Guptans are located in Valluvanad, with major agglomerations around Vayillyamkunnu, Kadampazhippuram, Sreekrishnapuram, Chethallur and Mannarkkad.", "Guptan __knowledge__ Many Sanskrit scholars and popular astrologers originated from this community.", "Guptan __knowledge__ The name \"Guptan\" is derived from the Sanskrit word \"Gupt\" \"protected, secret\".", "Guptan __knowledge__ It also denotes the position in society.", "Guptan __knowledge__ Guptans belong to Kailasa Gothram.", "Guptan __knowledge__ Agriculture and business were their traditional ways of earning a living in times past.", "Guptan __knowledge__ They follow Makkathaayam traditions and the after death pollution time (Pula ) for family members is 10 days.", "Tharakan (Hindu caste) __knowledge__ Tharakan is a Hindu caste from the Palakkad district of Kerala, South India.", "Tharakan (Hindu caste) __knowledge__ The majority of the Tharakans are located in Valluvanad, with major agglomerations around Vayillyamkunnu, Katambazhippuram, Sreekrishnapuram, Mangode, Thiruvazhiyodu, Chethallur and Mannarkkad.", "Tharakan (Hindu caste) __knowledge__ Many Sanskrit scholars and popular astrologers originated from this community.", "Tharakan (Hindu caste) __knowledge__ The word Tharakan literally means the holder of document of Raja (Tharakan : Common letter or document of Raja, Gundert's dictionary).", "Tharakan (Hindu caste) __knowledge__ They are so called because they were the recipients of 'Tharaku' or writ of social previlege issued to them by the ruling head of the Zamorins of Calicut.", "Georg Olden (actor) __knowledge__ Georg Olden (born January 14, 1968) is an American former actor, model and musical theatre performer.", "Georg Olden (actor) __knowledge__ Beginning his career as a professional child actor and model at the age of ten, Olden is best known for his television roles; as \"Drag\" in the \"ABC Weekend Special\": \"The Joke's On Mr. Little\" and as \"Robbie Stuart\" on the 1980s TBS sitcom \"Rocky Road\".", "Georg Olden (actor) __knowledge__ Rising to prominence as a teen idol in the mid-1980s, Olden is also known for his feature film roles; as \"Piper\" in the teen comedy \"Bad Manners\" (aka: \"Growing Pains\") and as one of the teenage bullies in the science fiction adventure \"Explorers\".", "Legendary Weapons of China __knowledge__ Legendary Weapons of China (aka \"Legendary Weapons of Kung Fu\") is a 1982 martial arts fantasy film directed by Lau Kar-Leung.", "Legendary Weapons of China __knowledge__ It takes place during the late Qing Dynasty when Empress Dowager Cixi dispatches her agents to various factions of the Boxer Rebellion in order to find supernatural martial artists that are invulnerable to western bullets.", "Legendary Weapons of China __knowledge__ When one of the leaders of these groups disbands his forces, assassins from the remaining factions are sent out to kill him for his apparent treason.", "Legendary Weapons of China __knowledge__ As the title of the film suggests, a great variety of fights take place involving the \"legendary weapons.\"", "Mannadiyar __knowledge__ Mannadiyar (or Mannadiar) is a Malayalam Tamil speaking Hindu forward caste from region Palani Hills Kodaikanal (Tamil Nadu), Palakkad of Kerala state.", "Mannadiyar __knowledge__ Majority of Mannadiars are land owners, agriculture being their traditional occupation, ranging from farmers to large feudal landlords (janmis).", "Mannadiyar __knowledge__ The house (tharavad) of Mannadiars are called \"Mannattu\" like illams for Namboothiris.", "Mannadiyar __knowledge__ Related castes of Mannadiar are Guptan, Pathukudi (also known as \"Dashagotram\" or \"Pathu Madom\") and Tharakan.", "Mannadiyar __knowledge__ Mannadiar belongs to Kshatriyas sub group, like Kaimal and Kartha which occupies second position in the Indian varna.", "Tatting __knowledge__ Tatting is a technique for handcrafting a particularly durable lace from a series of knots and loops.", "Tatting __knowledge__ Tatting can be used to make lace edging as well as doilies, collars, accessories such as earrings and necklaces, and other decorative pieces.", "Tatting __knowledge__ The lace is formed by a pattern of rings and chains formed from a series of cow hitch or half-hitch knots, called double stitches, over a core thread.", "Tatting __knowledge__ Gaps can be left between the stitches to form picots, which are used for practical construction as well as decorative effect.", "Tatting __knowledge__ Tatting dates to the early 17th century, as evidence in a poem by Sir Charles Sedley, \"The Royal Knotter\", written in the late 1600s and published posthumously in 1707.", "Textile __knowledge__ A Textile is a flexible material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres (yarn or thread).", "Textile __knowledge__ Yarn is produced by spinning raw fibres of wool, flax, cotton, hemp, or other materials to produce long strands.", "Textile __knowledge__ Textiles are formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, or felting.", "Textile __knowledge__ The related words fabric and cloth are often used in textile assembly trades (such as tailoring and dressmaking) as synonyms for \"textile\".", "Textile __knowledge__ However, there are subtle differences in these terms in specialized usage.", "Textile __knowledge__ A \"textile\" is any material made of interlacing fibres, including carpeting and geotextiles.", "Lace __knowledge__ Lace is a delicate fabric made of yarn or thread in an open weblike pattern, made by machine or by hand.", "Lace __knowledge__ Originally linen, silk, gold, or silver threads were used.", "Lace __knowledge__ Now lace is often made with cotton thread, although linen and silk threads are still available.", "Lace __knowledge__ Manufactured lace may be made of synthetic fiber.", "Lace __knowledge__ A few modern artists make lace with a fine copper or silver wire instead of thread.", "Lace __knowledge__ The word lace is from Middle English, from Old French \"las\", noose, strin, from Vulgar Latin *\"laceum\", from Latin \"laqueus\", noose; probably akin to \"lacere\", to entice or ensnare.", "Lace __knowledge__ There are many types of lace, classified by how they are made.", "Bobbin lace __knowledge__ Bobbin lace is a lace textile made by braiding and twisting lengths of thread, which are wound on bobbins to manage them.", "Bobbin lace __knowledge__ As the work progresses, the weaving is held in place with pins set in a lace pillow, the placement of the pins usually determined by a pattern or pricking pinned on the pillow.", "Bobbin lace __knowledge__ Bobbin lace is also known as pillow lace, because it was worked on a pillow, and bone lace, because early bobbins were made of bone or ivory.", "Bobbin lace __knowledge__ Bobbin lace is one of the two major categories of handmade laces, the other being needlelace, derived from earlier cutwork and reticella.", "Bobbin lace __knowledge__ A will of 1493 by the Milanese Sforza family mentions lace created with twelve bobbins.", "Koniaków __knowledge__ The name is possessive in origin derived from personal name \"Koniak\".", "Koniaków __knowledge__ It is conjectured that the name was conveyed by settlers from Koňákov (Koniaków) who supposedly established (or took part in the process of establishing of) the village.", "Koniaków __knowledge__ The settlement on the territory of the village began in the first half of the 17th century.", "Koniaków __knowledge__ It was initiated by inhabitants of Istebna looking for new pastures and meadows, and cutting trees in the local forests to make them.", "Koniaków __knowledge__ This was deemed illegal by the owners of the Duchy of Teschen as the forest was a part of defensive system of the duchy in the times of Thirty Years War.", "France __knowledge__ France (), officially the French Republic (, ), is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.", "France __knowledge__ The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean.", "France __knowledge__ The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans.", "France __knowledge__ The country's 18 integral regions (five of which are situated overseas) span a combined area of which, as of October 2017, has a population of 67.15 million people." ] ]

[ 2, 3, 4, 8, 1 ]

[ "Trying to learn how to crochet with yarn and thread", "The word crochet translates from french to mean little hook lol", "Yes two hooks and they are made of wood or metal", "Yes and crocheting was used in 17th century France to make lace", "Not sure? But don't confuse the name with the musical note lol" ]

[ "Crochet", "Crochet", "Crochet", "Crochet", "Crochet" ]

[ "Red Hot Chili Peppers\nHello! how do you feel about the red hot chili peppers?", "yes the band red hot chili peppers with the guitar player flea", "I love californication", "they also did a cover of higher ground that was awesome" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are an American funk rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The group's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ When played live, their music incorporates elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of many of their performances.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Currently, the band consists of founding members vocalist/rhythm guitarist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea, longtime drummer Chad Smith, and former touring guitarist Josh Klinghoffer.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide, have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards, of which they have won six, and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history, currently holding the records for most number-one singles (13), most cumulative weeks at number one (85) and most top-ten songs (25) on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ In 2012, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The band's original lineup, originally named Tony Flow and the Miraculously Majestic Masters of Mayhem, featured guitarist Hillel Slovak and drummer Jack Irons, alongside Kiedis and Flea.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ Anthony Kiedis ( ; born November 1, 1962) is an American musician who is the lead singer and primary songwriter of the band Red Hot Chili Peppers, which he has fronted since its inception in 1983.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ Kiedis and his fellow band members were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ Kiedis was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, to Margaret \"Peggy\" (Noble) and actor John Michael Kiedis, known professionally as Blackie Dammett.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ His paternal grandfather's family emigrated from Lithuania in the early 1900s; the remainder of his ancestry includes English, French, Dutch, and Mohican.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ In 1966, when he was three years old, his parents divorced.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ Michael Peter Balzary (born 16 October 1962), better known by his stage name Flea, is an Australian-American musician and actor best known as bassist and founding member of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ Flea briefly appeared as the bassist for such bands as What Is This?, Fear, and Jane's Addiction.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ He has also performed with rock supergroups Atoms for Peace, Antemasque, Pigface, and Rocket Juice & the Moon.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ Flea has also collaborated with artists including The Mars Volta, Johnny Cash, Tom Waits, Alanis Morissette, and Young MC.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ In 2009, \"Rolling Stone\" readers ranked Flea the second best bassist of all time, behind only John Entwistle.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ John Anthony Frusciante (; born March 5, 1970) is an American guitarist, singer, producer and composer.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He is best known as the former guitarist of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, from 1988 until 1992, and again from 1998 until 2009.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He recorded five studio albums with them.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ Frusciante has an active solo career, having released eleven solo albums and five EPs; his recordings include elements ranging from experimental rock and ambient music to new wave and electronica.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ In 2015, Frusciante released his debut acid house album under his alias, Trickfinger.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He has also recorded with numerous other artists, including the Mars Volta, for whom he was a studio guitarist (and occasional live performer) from 2002 until 2008; Josh Klinghoffer and Joe Lally, with whom he released two albums as Ataxia; and various collaborations with both Klinghoffer and Omar Rodríguez-López.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers is an alternative rock band formed in 1983 in Los Angeles, California.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers have received a total of nineteen awards and 65 nominations world-wide throughout their career.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ These include a total six Grammy Award wins out of sixteen nominations.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ 2006's Stadium Arcadium was the band's first album nominated for the Album of the Year Grammy award.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers have also received 28 nominations for MTV Music Video Awards, including Video of the Year, for the song \"Under the Bridge\" and in 2000, the Video Vanguard Award.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers and many of their works have had great critical acclaim.", "By the Way __knowledge__ By the Way is the eighth studio album by American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers.", "By the Way __knowledge__ The album was released July 9, 2002 on Warner Bros. Records.", "By the Way __knowledge__ It sold more than 286,000 copies in the first week, and peaked at number two on the \"Billboard\" 200 (their next album would peak at number one).", "By the Way __knowledge__ Singles from the album included \"By the Way,\" \"The Zephyr Song,\" \"Can't Stop,\" \"Dosed\" and \"Universally Speaking.\"", "By the Way __knowledge__ The lyrical subject matter vocalist Anthony Kiedis addresses in \"By the Way\" is a divergence from previous Chili Peppers albums, with Kiedis taking a more candid and reflective approach to his lyrics.", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ Hillel Slovak (; April 13, 1962 – June 25, 1988) was an Israeli American musician best known as the original guitarist and founding member of the Los Angeles rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers.", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ Prior to his death of a heroin overdose in 1988, Slovak recorded two albums with the band, \"Freaky Styley\" (1985) and \"The Uplift Mofo Party Plan\" (1987).", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ His guitar work was primarily rooted in funk and hard rock, although he often experimented with other genres including reggae and speed metal.", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ He is considered to have been a major influence on the Red Hot Chili Peppers' early sound.", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ Born in Haifa, Israel, Slovak immigrated with his family to the United States in 1967 when he was five years old." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are an American funk rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The group's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ When played live, their music incorporates elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of many of their performances.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Currently, the band consists of founding members vocalist/rhythm guitarist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea, longtime drummer Chad Smith, and former touring guitarist Josh Klinghoffer.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide, have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards, of which they have won six, and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history, currently holding the records for most number-one singles (13), most cumulative weeks at number one (85) and most top-ten songs (25) on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ In 2012, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The band's original lineup, originally named Tony Flow and the Miraculously Majestic Masters of Mayhem, featured guitarist Hillel Slovak and drummer Jack Irons, alongside Kiedis and Flea.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ Anthony Kiedis ( ; born November 1, 1962) is an American musician who is the lead singer and primary songwriter of the band Red Hot Chili Peppers, which he has fronted since its inception in 1983.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ Kiedis and his fellow band members were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ Kiedis was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, to Margaret \"Peggy\" (Noble) and actor John Michael Kiedis, known professionally as Blackie Dammett.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ His paternal grandfather's family emigrated from Lithuania in the early 1900s; the remainder of his ancestry includes English, French, Dutch, and Mohican.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ In 1966, when he was three years old, his parents divorced.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ Michael Peter Balzary (born 16 October 1962), better known by his stage name Flea, is an Australian-American musician and actor best known as bassist and founding member of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ Flea briefly appeared as the bassist for such bands as What Is This?, Fear, and Jane's Addiction.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ He has also performed with rock supergroups Atoms for Peace, Antemasque, Pigface, and Rocket Juice & the Moon.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ Flea has also collaborated with artists including The Mars Volta, Johnny Cash, Tom Waits, Alanis Morissette, and Young MC.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ In 2009, \"Rolling Stone\" readers ranked Flea the second best bassist of all time, behind only John Entwistle.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ John Anthony Frusciante (; born March 5, 1970) is an American guitarist, singer, producer and composer.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He is best known as the former guitarist of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, from 1988 until 1992, and again from 1998 until 2009.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He recorded five studio albums with them.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ Frusciante has an active solo career, having released eleven solo albums and five EPs; his recordings include elements ranging from experimental rock and ambient music to new wave and electronica.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ In 2015, Frusciante released his debut acid house album under his alias, Trickfinger.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He has also recorded with numerous other artists, including the Mars Volta, for whom he was a studio guitarist (and occasional live performer) from 2002 until 2008; Josh Klinghoffer and Joe Lally, with whom he released two albums as Ataxia; and various collaborations with both Klinghoffer and Omar Rodríguez-López.", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ Hillel Slovak (; April 13, 1962 – June 25, 1988) was an Israeli American musician best known as the original guitarist and founding member of the Los Angeles rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers.", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ Prior to his death of a heroin overdose in 1988, Slovak recorded two albums with the band, \"Freaky Styley\" (1985) and \"The Uplift Mofo Party Plan\" (1987).", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ His guitar work was primarily rooted in funk and hard rock, although he often experimented with other genres including reggae and speed metal.", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ He is considered to have been a major influence on the Red Hot Chili Peppers' early sound.", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ Born in Haifa, Israel, Slovak immigrated with his family to the United States in 1967 when he was five years old.", "By the Way __knowledge__ By the Way is the eighth studio album by American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers.", "By the Way __knowledge__ The album was released July 9, 2002 on Warner Bros. Records.", "By the Way __knowledge__ It sold more than 286,000 copies in the first week, and peaked at number two on the \"Billboard\" 200 (their next album would peak at number one).", "By the Way __knowledge__ Singles from the album included \"By the Way,\" \"The Zephyr Song,\" \"Can't Stop,\" \"Dosed\" and \"Universally Speaking.\"", "By the Way __knowledge__ The lyrical subject matter vocalist Anthony Kiedis addresses in \"By the Way\" is a divergence from previous Chili Peppers albums, with Kiedis taking a more candid and reflective approach to his lyrics.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers is an alternative rock band formed in 1983 in Los Angeles, California.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers have received a total of nineteen awards and 65 nominations world-wide throughout their career.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ These include a total six Grammy Award wins out of sixteen nominations.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ 2006's Stadium Arcadium was the band's first album nominated for the Album of the Year Grammy award.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers have also received 28 nominations for MTV Music Video Awards, including Video of the Year, for the song \"Under the Bridge\" and in 2000, the Video Vanguard Award.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers and many of their works have had great critical acclaim.", "Remain in Light __knowledge__ Remain in Light is the fourth studio album by American new wave band Talking Heads, released on October 8, 1980 through Sire Records.", "Remain in Light __knowledge__ It was recorded at Compass Point Studios in the Bahamas and Sigma Sound Studios in Philadelphia between July and August 1980 and was produced by the quartet's long-time collaborator Brian Eno.", "Remain in Light __knowledge__ Following the release of \"Fear of Music\" in 1979, Talking Heads and Eno sought to make an album that would dispel notions of the group as a mere vehicle for frontman and chief lyricist David Byrne.", "Remain in Light __knowledge__ Drawing on the influence of Nigerian musician Fela Kuti, the group experimented with African polyrhythms, funk, and electronics, recording instrumental tracks as a series of sampled and looped grooves, an innovative technique at the time.", "Talking Heads __knowledge__ Talking Heads were an American rock band formed in 1975 in New York City and active until 1991.", "Talking Heads __knowledge__ The band comprised David Byrne (lead vocals, guitar), Chris Frantz (drums), Tina Weymouth (bass), and Jerry Harrison (keyboards, guitar).", "Talking Heads __knowledge__ Described by critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine as \"one of the most critically acclaimed bands of the '80s\", the group helped to pioneer new wave music by integrating elements of punk, art rock, funk, and world music with avant-garde sensibilities and an anxious, clean-cut image.", "Talking Heads __knowledge__ Former art school students, who became involved in the 1970s New York punk scene, Talking Heads released their debut \"\" to positive reviews in 1977.", "Adrian Belew __knowledge__ Adrian Belew (born Robert Steven Belew, December 23, 1949) is an American musician, songwriter, and record producer.", "Adrian Belew __knowledge__ A multi-instrumentalist primarily known as a guitarist and singer, Belew is noted for his unusual, impressionistic approach to guitar playing, which, rather than relying on standard instrumental tones, often resembles sound effects or noises made by animals and machines.", "Adrian Belew __knowledge__ Perhaps best known for his long stint as frontman and co-guitarist for the progressive rock group King Crimson from 1981 to 2009, Belew is widely recognized as an \"incredibly versatile player\" who has released nearly twenty solo albums for Island Records and Atlantic Records, blending or alternating Beatles-inspired pop-rock with more experimental fare.", "Sound film __knowledge__ A sound film is a motion picture with synchronized sound, or sound technologically coupled to image, as opposed to a silent film.", "Sound film __knowledge__ The first known public exhibition of projected sound films took place in Paris in 1900, but decades passed before sound motion pictures were made commercially practical.", "Sound film __knowledge__ Reliable synchronization was difficult to achieve with the early sound-on-disc systems, and amplification and recording quality were also inadequate.", "Sound film __knowledge__ Innovations in sound-on-film led to the first commercial screening of short motion pictures using the technology, which took place in 1923.", "Sound film __knowledge__ The primary steps in the commercialization of sound cinema were taken in the mid- to late 1920s.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Talking drum __knowledge__ The talking drum is an hourglass-shaped drum from West Africa, whose pitch can be regulated to mimic the tone and prosody of human speech.", "Talking drum __knowledge__ It has two drumheads connected by leather tension cords, which allow the player to modulate the pitch of the drum by squeezing the cords between their arm and body.", "Talking drum __knowledge__ A skilled player is able to play whole phrases.", "Talking drum __knowledge__ Most talking drums sound like a human humming depending on the way you play.", "Talking drum __knowledge__ Similar hourglass-shaped drums are found in Asia, but they are not used to mimic speech, although the idakka is used to mimic vocal music.", "Talking drum __knowledge__ Hourglass-shaped talking drums are some of the oldest instruments used by West African griots and their history can be traced back to the Yoruba people, the Ghana Empire and the Hausa people.", "Phish tours __knowledge__ American rock band Phish is one of the most successful live acts in popular music history, forging a popularity in concert far greater than their album sales, radio airplay, or music video presence would otherwise indicate.", "Phish tours __knowledge__ Phish tours, at the peak of their popularity in the mid- to late 1990s, consistently ranked as one of the highest-grossing concert tours in the world.", "Phish tours __knowledge__ One of the major factors of Phish's live success was the fact that every show in the band's history contained a completely different song setlist.", "Phish tours __knowledge__ Throughout 30 years and over 1,600 shows, the band never played the same concert setlist twice." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are an American funk rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The group's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ When played live, their music incorporates elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of many of their performances.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Currently, the band consists of founding members vocalist/rhythm guitarist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea, longtime drummer Chad Smith, and former touring guitarist Josh Klinghoffer.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide, have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards, of which they have won six, and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history, currently holding the records for most number-one singles (13), most cumulative weeks at number one (85) and most top-ten songs (25) on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ In 2012, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The band's original lineup, originally named Tony Flow and the Miraculously Majestic Masters of Mayhem, featured guitarist Hillel Slovak and drummer Jack Irons, alongside Kiedis and Flea.", "Californication (album) __knowledge__ Californication is the seventh studio album by American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers.", "Californication (album) __knowledge__ It was released on June 8, 1999, on Warner Bros. Records and was produced by Rick Rubin.", "Californication (album) __knowledge__ \"Californication\" marked the return of John Frusciante, who had previously appeared on \"Mother's Milk\" and \"Blood Sugar Sex Magik\", to replace Dave Navarro as the band's guitarist.", "Californication (album) __knowledge__ Frusciante's return was credited with changing the band's sound altogether, producing a notable shift in style from the music recorded with Navarro.", "Californication (album) __knowledge__ The album's subject material incorporated various sexual innuendos commonly associated with the band, but also contained more varied themes than previous outings, including lust, death, contemplations of suicide, California, drugs, globalization, and travel.", "Californication (TV series) __knowledge__ Californication is an American comedy-drama television series created by Tom Kapinos, which aired for seven seasons on Showtime from August 13, 2007, to June 29, 2014.", "Californication (TV series) __knowledge__ The show follows New Yorker Hank Moody (David Duchovny), a troubled novelist who moves to California and suffers from writer's block.", "Californication (TV series) __knowledge__ His drinking, womanizing, and drug abuse complicate his relationships with his longtime lover Karen (Natascha McElhone) and their daughter Becca (Madeleine Martin).", "Californication (TV series) __knowledge__ Hank struggles to find purpose in his life as he passes up multiple opportunities, eventually making the right decision for happiness.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ Anthony Kiedis ( ; born November 1, 1962) is an American musician who is the lead singer and primary songwriter of the band Red Hot Chili Peppers, which he has fronted since its inception in 1983.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ Kiedis and his fellow band members were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ Kiedis was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, to Margaret \"Peggy\" (Noble) and actor John Michael Kiedis, known professionally as Blackie Dammett.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ His paternal grandfather's family emigrated from Lithuania in the early 1900s; the remainder of his ancestry includes English, French, Dutch, and Mohican.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ In 1966, when he was three years old, his parents divorced.", "By the Way __knowledge__ By the Way is the eighth studio album by American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers.", "By the Way __knowledge__ The album was released July 9, 2002 on Warner Bros. Records.", "By the Way __knowledge__ It sold more than 286,000 copies in the first week, and peaked at number two on the \"Billboard\" 200 (their next album would peak at number one).", "By the Way __knowledge__ Singles from the album included \"By the Way,\" \"The Zephyr Song,\" \"Can't Stop,\" \"Dosed\" and \"Universally Speaking.\"", "By the Way __knowledge__ The lyrical subject matter vocalist Anthony Kiedis addresses in \"By the Way\" is a divergence from previous Chili Peppers albums, with Kiedis taking a more candid and reflective approach to his lyrics.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ Michael Peter Balzary (born 16 October 1962), better known by his stage name Flea, is an Australian-American musician and actor best known as bassist and founding member of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ Flea briefly appeared as the bassist for such bands as What Is This?, Fear, and Jane's Addiction.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ He has also performed with rock supergroups Atoms for Peace, Antemasque, Pigface, and Rocket Juice & the Moon.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ Flea has also collaborated with artists including The Mars Volta, Johnny Cash, Tom Waits, Alanis Morissette, and Young MC.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ In 2009, \"Rolling Stone\" readers ranked Flea the second best bassist of all time, behind only John Entwistle.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ John Anthony Frusciante (; born March 5, 1970) is an American guitarist, singer, producer and composer.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He is best known as the former guitarist of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, from 1988 until 1992, and again from 1998 until 2009.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He recorded five studio albums with them.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ Frusciante has an active solo career, having released eleven solo albums and five EPs; his recordings include elements ranging from experimental rock and ambient music to new wave and electronica.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ In 2015, Frusciante released his debut acid house album under his alias, Trickfinger.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He has also recorded with numerous other artists, including the Mars Volta, for whom he was a studio guitarist (and occasional live performer) from 2002 until 2008; Josh Klinghoffer and Joe Lally, with whom he released two albums as Ataxia; and various collaborations with both Klinghoffer and Omar Rodríguez-López.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers is an alternative rock band formed in 1983 in Los Angeles, California.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers have received a total of nineteen awards and 65 nominations world-wide throughout their career.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ These include a total six Grammy Award wins out of sixteen nominations.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ 2006's Stadium Arcadium was the band's first album nominated for the Album of the Year Grammy award.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers have also received 28 nominations for MTV Music Video Awards, including Video of the Year, for the song \"Under the Bridge\" and in 2000, the Video Vanguard Award.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers and many of their works have had great critical acclaim.", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ Hillel Slovak (; April 13, 1962 – June 25, 1988) was an Israeli American musician best known as the original guitarist and founding member of the Los Angeles rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers.", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ Prior to his death of a heroin overdose in 1988, Slovak recorded two albums with the band, \"Freaky Styley\" (1985) and \"The Uplift Mofo Party Plan\" (1987).", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ His guitar work was primarily rooted in funk and hard rock, although he often experimented with other genres including reggae and speed metal.", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ He is considered to have been a major influence on the Red Hot Chili Peppers' early sound.", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ Born in Haifa, Israel, Slovak immigrated with his family to the United States in 1967 when he was five years old." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are an American funk rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The group's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ When played live, their music incorporates elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of many of their performances.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Currently, the band consists of founding members vocalist/rhythm guitarist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea, longtime drummer Chad Smith, and former touring guitarist Josh Klinghoffer.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide, have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards, of which they have won six, and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history, currently holding the records for most number-one singles (13), most cumulative weeks at number one (85) and most top-ten songs (25) on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ In 2012, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The band's original lineup, originally named Tony Flow and the Miraculously Majestic Masters of Mayhem, featured guitarist Hillel Slovak and drummer Jack Irons, alongside Kiedis and Flea.", "Mother's Milk __knowledge__ Mother's Milk is the fourth studio album by American funk rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, released on August 16, 1989, by EMI Records.", "Mother's Milk __knowledge__ After the death of founding guitarist Hillel Slovak and subsequent departure of drummer Jack Irons, vocalist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea regrouped with the addition of guitarist John Frusciante and drummer Chad Smith.", "Mother's Milk __knowledge__ Frusciante's influence altered the band's sound by placing more emphasis on melody than rhythm, which had dominated the band's previous material.", "Mother's Milk __knowledge__ Returning producer Michael Beinhorn favored heavy metal guitar riffs as well as overdubbing that was perceived by Frusciante as excessive, and as a result Beinhorn and Frusciante constantly fought over the album's guitar sound.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "Dorothy Day homeless shelter __knowledge__ The Dorothy Day shelter is a homeless shelter campus in Saint Paul, Minnesota.", "Dorothy Day homeless shelter __knowledge__ The project is centered around the site of the Dorothy Day Center built in downtown Saint Paul in 1981.", "Dorothy Day homeless shelter __knowledge__ The shelter is named after American Catholic and social activist Dorothy Day.", "Dorothy Day homeless shelter __knowledge__ The Dorothy Day Center started as a drop-in center for meals to help the homeless population in downtown Saint Paul.", "Dorothy Day homeless shelter __knowledge__ The facility is operated by Catholic Charities of St. Paul and Minneapolis in coordination with Ramsey County, Minnesota.", "Dorothy Day homeless shelter __knowledge__ The new Higher Ground St. Paul facility was planned to provide around twice as much space as the Dorothy Day Center.", "Higher Ground (film) __knowledge__ Higher Ground is a 2011 American drama film directed by Vera Farmiga in her directorial debut.", "Higher Ground (film) __knowledge__ The film is an adaptation of the 2002 memoir \"This Dark World: A Memoir of Salvation Found and Lost\" by Carolyn S. Briggs, who co-wrote the screenplay.", "Higher Ground (film) __knowledge__ The film follows Corinne Walker (Farmiga) and her vacillating relationship with Christianity.", "Higher Ground (film) __knowledge__ The cast also includes Joshua Leonard, John Hawkes, Donna Murphy, Norbert Leo Butz, and Bill Irwin.", "Higher Ground (film) __knowledge__ The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 23, 2011, where it was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize.", "Higher Ground (film) __knowledge__ It screened at the Los Angeles Film Festival on June 25, 2011, and received a limited release in the United States on August 26, 2011 by Sony Pictures Classics.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"The Awesomes\".", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Professor Dr. Jeremy \"Prock\" Awesome (voiced by Seth Meyers) - The son of Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Jeremy Awesome is the young new leader of the Awesomes.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Known as Prock (a portmanteau of Professor and Doctor, since Prock has a JD and an MD) he has always wanted to be a superhero like his father, Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Prock disappointingly doesn't have any of his father's impressive physical powers: indeed, he is unimposing and injury-prone.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ However, he's the smartest on the team and a natural leader: in a crisis he comes up with excellent plans and assigns jobs to everyone on the team.", "Gheluvelt Plateau actions, July–August 1917 __knowledge__ The Gheluvelt Plateau actions, July–August 1917 took place from 31 July to 27 August, during the Third Battle of Ypres (31 July – 10 November 1917), in Belgium during the First World War.", "Gheluvelt Plateau actions, July–August 1917 __knowledge__ The British Fifth Army and the German 4th Army fought for possession of the plateau, at the highest part of the ridges to the south-east, east and north-east of Ypres in West Flanders.", "Gheluvelt Plateau actions, July–August 1917 __knowledge__ The 4th Army had been building defensive positions in the Ypres Salient since 1915 and the Gheluvelt Plateau was the most fortified part of the salient.", "Gheluvelt Plateau actions, July–August 1917 __knowledge__ The Fifth Army had made the plateau its main objective during the Battle of Pilckem Ridge (31 July – 2 August) but the II Corps advance was contained and German counter-attacks later recaptured some ground.", "Higher Ground (Jennifer Rush song) __knowledge__ \"Higher Ground\" is a song recorded by Jennifer Rush for her 1989 album, \"Wings of Desire\".", "Higher Ground (Jennifer Rush song) __knowledge__ It was written by Ken Cummings and Mark Blatt, and produced by Phil Ramone.", "Higher Ground (Jennifer Rush song) __knowledge__ \"Higher Ground\" was released as the first single from \"Wings of Desire\" in December 1989.", "Higher Ground (Jennifer Rush song) __knowledge__ Later, the song was recorded in French by Mario Pelchat and Celine Dion for Pelchat's 1993 album.", "Higher Ground (Jennifer Rush song) __knowledge__ This version was released as a promotional single in Canada and France.", "Higher Ground (Jennifer Rush song) __knowledge__ The song is a panegyric in which Rush praises her partner for loving her and explains that should (s)he ever need assistance, she will be \"standing on higher ground\" and will look after him.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ Michael Peter Balzary (born 16 October 1962), better known by his stage name Flea, is an Australian-American musician and actor best known as bassist and founding member of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ Flea briefly appeared as the bassist for such bands as What Is This?, Fear, and Jane's Addiction.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ He has also performed with rock supergroups Atoms for Peace, Antemasque, Pigface, and Rocket Juice & the Moon.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ Flea has also collaborated with artists including The Mars Volta, Johnny Cash, Tom Waits, Alanis Morissette, and Young MC.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ In 2009, \"Rolling Stone\" readers ranked Flea the second best bassist of all time, behind only John Entwistle.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ Anthony Kiedis ( ; born November 1, 1962) is an American musician who is the lead singer and primary songwriter of the band Red Hot Chili Peppers, which he has fronted since its inception in 1983.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ Kiedis and his fellow band members were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ Kiedis was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, to Margaret \"Peggy\" (Noble) and actor John Michael Kiedis, known professionally as Blackie Dammett.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ His paternal grandfather's family emigrated from Lithuania in the early 1900s; the remainder of his ancestry includes English, French, Dutch, and Mohican.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ In 1966, when he was three years old, his parents divorced.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ John Anthony Frusciante (; born March 5, 1970) is an American guitarist, singer, producer and composer.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He is best known as the former guitarist of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, from 1988 until 1992, and again from 1998 until 2009.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He recorded five studio albums with them.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ Frusciante has an active solo career, having released eleven solo albums and five EPs; his recordings include elements ranging from experimental rock and ambient music to new wave and electronica.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ In 2015, Frusciante released his debut acid house album under his alias, Trickfinger.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He has also recorded with numerous other artists, including the Mars Volta, for whom he was a studio guitarist (and occasional live performer) from 2002 until 2008; Josh Klinghoffer and Joe Lally, with whom he released two albums as Ataxia; and various collaborations with both Klinghoffer and Omar Rodríguez-López.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers is an alternative rock band formed in 1983 in Los Angeles, California.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers have received a total of nineteen awards and 65 nominations world-wide throughout their career.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ These include a total six Grammy Award wins out of sixteen nominations.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ 2006's Stadium Arcadium was the band's first album nominated for the Album of the Year Grammy award.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers have also received 28 nominations for MTV Music Video Awards, including Video of the Year, for the song \"Under the Bridge\" and in 2000, the Video Vanguard Award.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers and many of their works have had great critical acclaim.", "I'm with You (album) __knowledge__ I'm with You is the tenth studio album by the American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers.", "I'm with You (album) __knowledge__ The album was released by Warner Bros. Records on August 29, 2011.", "I'm with You (album) __knowledge__ The album made its debut at number one in 18 countries including the United Kingdom, while reaching number two in the United States and Canada.", "I'm with You (album) __knowledge__ Produced by Rick Rubin, \"I'm with You\" was the band's first studio album since 2006's \"Stadium Arcadium\", and its first to feature guitarist Josh Klinghoffer, following the departure of John Frusciante in 2009.", "I'm with You (album) __knowledge__ It is also the final collaboration between Red Hot Chili Peppers and producer Rubin, whose relationship began with their fifth studio album \"Blood Sugar Sex Magik\" (1991).", "By the Way __knowledge__ By the Way is the eighth studio album by American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers.", "By the Way __knowledge__ The album was released July 9, 2002 on Warner Bros. Records.", "By the Way __knowledge__ It sold more than 286,000 copies in the first week, and peaked at number two on the \"Billboard\" 200 (their next album would peak at number one).", "By the Way __knowledge__ Singles from the album included \"By the Way,\" \"The Zephyr Song,\" \"Can't Stop,\" \"Dosed\" and \"Universally Speaking.\"", "By the Way __knowledge__ The lyrical subject matter vocalist Anthony Kiedis addresses in \"By the Way\" is a divergence from previous Chili Peppers albums, with Kiedis taking a more candid and reflective approach to his lyrics." ] ]

[ 1, 34, 2, 2 ]

[ "Are you talking about the band?", "What songs do you like most from Red Hot Chili Peppers?", "Red Hot Chli Peppers! That was their best song, I think.", "I like the group's musical style." ]

[ "Red Hot Chili Peppers", "Red Hot Chili Peppers", "Red Hot Chili Peppers", "Red Hot Chili Peppers" ]

[ "Chevrolet", "A friend of mine's husband worked for General Motors in Michigan. He was in management.", "Interesting - I always thought they were US only. Can you tell me a little more about them?", "And when did it become General Motors? They're the same company, right?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chevrolet __knowledge__ Chevrolet ( ), colloquially referred to as Chevy and formally the Chevrolet Division of General Motors Company, is an American automobile division of the American manufacturer General Motors (GM).", "Chevrolet __knowledge__ Louis Chevrolet and ousted General Motors founder William C. Durant started the company on November 3, 1911 as the Chevrolet Motor Car Company.", "Chevrolet __knowledge__ Durant used the Chevrolet Motor Car Company to acquire a controlling stake in General Motors with a reverse merger occurring on May 2, 1918 and propelled himself back to the GM presidency.", "Chevrolet __knowledge__ After Durant's second ousting in 1919, Alfred Sloan, with his maxim \"a car for every purse and purpose,\" would pick the Chevrolet brand to become the volume leader in the General Motors family, selling mainstream vehicles to compete with Henry Ford's Model T in 1919 and overtaking Ford as the best-selling car in the United States by 1929.", "Chevrolet __knowledge__ Chevrolet-branded vehicles are sold in most automotive markets worldwide, with the notable exception of Oceania, where GM is represented by its Australian subsidiary, Holden; Chevrolet announced a return to the region beginning in 2018 after a 50-year absence.", "Chevrolet __knowledge__ In 2005, Chevrolet was relaunched in Europe, primarily selling vehicles built by GM Daewoo of South Korea with the tagline \"Daewoo has grown up enough to become Chevrolet\", a move rooted in General Motors' attempt to build a global brand around Chevrolet." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chevrolet __knowledge__ Chevrolet ( ), colloquially referred to as Chevy and formally the Chevrolet Division of General Motors Company, is an American automobile division of the American manufacturer General Motors (GM).", "Chevrolet __knowledge__ Louis Chevrolet and ousted General Motors founder William C. Durant started the company on November 3, 1911 as the Chevrolet Motor Car Company.", "Chevrolet __knowledge__ Durant used the Chevrolet Motor Car Company to acquire a controlling stake in General Motors with a reverse merger occurring on May 2, 1918 and propelled himself back to the GM presidency.", "Chevrolet __knowledge__ After Durant's second ousting in 1919, Alfred Sloan, with his maxim \"a car for every purse and purpose,\" would pick the Chevrolet brand to become the volume leader in the General Motors family, selling mainstream vehicles to compete with Henry Ford's Model T in 1919 and overtaking Ford as the best-selling car in the United States by 1929.", "Chevrolet __knowledge__ Chevrolet-branded vehicles are sold in most automotive markets worldwide, with the notable exception of Oceania, where GM is represented by its Australian subsidiary, Holden; Chevrolet announced a return to the region beginning in 2018 after a 50-year absence.", "Chevrolet __knowledge__ In 2005, Chevrolet was relaunched in Europe, primarily selling vehicles built by GM Daewoo of South Korea with the tagline \"Daewoo has grown up enough to become Chevrolet\", a move rooted in General Motors' attempt to build a global brand around Chevrolet.", "Chevrolet Volt __knowledge__ The Chevrolet Volt is a plug-in hybrid car manufactured by General Motors, also marketed in rebadged variants as the Buick Velite 5 in China, Holden Volt in Australia and New Zealand, and with a different fascia as the Vauxhall Ampera in the United Kingdom and as the Opel Ampera in the remainder of Europe.", "Chevrolet Volt __knowledge__ Sales of the 2011 Volt began in the United States in mid-December 2010, followed by various European countries and other international markets in 2011.", "Chevrolet Volt __knowledge__ Global combined Volt/Ampera family sales totaled about 134,500 units by the end of December 2016.", "Chevrolet Volt __knowledge__ The U.S. is the leading market, with 113,489 Volts delivered, followed by Canada with 8,884 Volts sold through November 2016.", "General Motors __knowledge__ General Motors Company, commonly abbreviated as GM, is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Detroit that designs, manufactures, markets, and distributes vehicles and vehicle parts, and sells financial services.", "General Motors __knowledge__ With global headquarters in Detroit's Renaissance Center, GM manufactures cars and trucks in 35 countries.", "General Motors __knowledge__ In 2008, 8.35 million GM cars and trucks were sold globally under various brands.", "General Motors __knowledge__ GM reached the milestone of selling 10 million vehicles in 2016.", "General Motors __knowledge__ Current auto brands are Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Holden, and Wuling.", "General Motors __knowledge__ Former GM automotive brands include Daewoo, McLaughlin, Oakland, Oldsmobile, Pontiac, Hummer, Saab, Saturn, as well as Vauxhall, and Opel, which were bought by Groupe PSA in 2017.", "History of General Motors __knowledge__ The history of General Motors (GM), one of the world's largest car and truck manufacturers, reaches back more than a century and involves a vast scope of industrial activity around the world, mostly focused on motorized transportation and the engineering and manufacturing that make it possible.", "History of General Motors __knowledge__ Founded in 1908 as a holding company in Flint, Michigan, as of 2012 it employs approximately 209,000 people around the world.", "History of General Motors __knowledge__ With global headquarters at the Renaissance Center in Detroit, Michigan, United States, General Motors manufactures cars and trucks in 35 countries.", "History of General Motors __knowledge__ In 2008, 8.35 million GM cars and trucks were sold globally under various brands.", "General Motors Chapter 11 reorganization __knowledge__ The 2009 General Motors Chapter 11 sale of the assets of automobile manufacturer General Motors and some of its subsidiaries was implemented through Chapter 11, Title 11, United States Code in the United States bankruptcy court for the Southern District of New York.", "General Motors Chapter 11 reorganization __knowledge__ The United States government-endorsed sale enabled the NGMCO Inc. (\"New GM\") to purchase the continuing operational assets of the old GM.", "General Motors Chapter 11 reorganization __knowledge__ Normal operations, including employee compensation, warranties, and other customer service were uninterrupted during the bankruptcy proceedings.", "General Motors Chapter 11 reorganization __knowledge__ Operations outside of the United States were not included in the court filing.", "Effects of the 2008–10 automotive industry crisis on the United States __knowledge__ Beginning in the later half of 2008, a global-scale recession adversely affected the economy of the United States.", "Effects of the 2008–10 automotive industry crisis on the United States __knowledge__ A combination of several years of declining automobile sales and scarce availability of credit led to a more widespread crisis in the United States auto industry in the years of 2008 and 2009.", "Effects of the 2008–10 automotive industry crisis on the United States __knowledge__ Following dramatic drops in automobile sales throughout 2008, two of the \"Big Three\" U.S. automakers – General Motors (GM), and Chrysler – requested emergency loans in order to address impending cash shortages.", "Effects of the 2008–10 automotive industry crisis on the United States __knowledge__ By April 2009, the situation had worsened such that both GM and Chrysler were faced with imminent bankruptcy and liquidation.", "American Motors __knowledge__ American Motors Corporation (AMC) was an American automobile company formed by the 1954 merger of Nash-Kelvinator Corporation and Hudson Motor Car Company.", "American Motors __knowledge__ At the time, it was the largest corporate merger in U.S. history.", "American Motors __knowledge__ AMC went on to compete with the US Big Three, Ford, GM and Chrysler – with its small cars including the Rambler American, Hornet, Gremlin and Pacer; muscle cars including the Marlin, AMX and Javelin, and early 4-wheel-drive variants of the Eagle, America's first true crossover.", "American Motors __knowledge__ The company was known as \"a small company deft enough to exploit special market segments left untended by the giants,\" and was widely known for the design work of chief stylist, Dick Teague, who \"had to make do with a much tighter budget than his counterparts at Detroit's Big Three\" but \"had a knack for making the most of his employer's investment.\"", "Opel __knowledge__ Opel Automobile GmbH (Opel, ) is a German automobile manufacturer, a subsidiary of the French automobile manufacturer Groupe PSA since 1 August 2017.", "Opel __knowledge__ From 1929 until 2017, Opel was owned by American automaker General Motors.", "Opel __knowledge__ In March 2017, Groupe PSA agreed to acquire Opel from General Motors.", "Opel __knowledge__ The acquisition was approved by the European Commission regulatory authorities in July 2017.", "Opel __knowledge__ Opel's headquarters are in Rüsselsheim am Main, Hesse, Germany.", "Opel __knowledge__ The company designs, engineers, manufactures and distributes Opel-branded passenger vehicles, light commercial vehicles, and vehicle parts for distribution in Africa, Asia, Europe, and South America.", "Chevrolet Spark __knowledge__ The Chevrolet Spark is a city car produced by GM Korea, originally marketed prominently as the Daewoo Matiz.", "Chevrolet Spark __knowledge__ It has been available solely as a five-door hatchback.", "Chevrolet Spark __knowledge__ The first generation of Daewoo Matiz was launched in 1998 by General Motors' South Korean division GM Korea, previously known as Daewoo Motors, replacing the Daewoo Tico.", "Chevrolet Spark __knowledge__ After the General Motors company took control over Daewoo Motors in 2002, it has increasingly been marketed under the Chevrolet badge.", "Chevrolet Spark __knowledge__ The second generation model was introduced in 2005, with the third generation launched in 2010.", "Chevrolet Spark __knowledge__ An all-electric version, the Chevrolet Spark EV, was released in the U.S. in selected markets in California and Oregon in June 2013.", "Chevrolet small-block engine __knowledge__ The Chevrolet small-block engine is a series of automobile V8 engines built by the Chevrolet Division of General Motors between 1955 and 2003 using the same basic engine block.", "Chevrolet small-block engine __knowledge__ Referred to as a \"small block\" for its comparative size relative to the physically much larger Chevrolet big-block engines, the family spanned from to in displacement.", "Chevrolet small-block engine __knowledge__ Retroactively referred to as the \"Generation I\" \"small-block\", it is distinct from subsequent \"Generation II\" LT and \"Generation III/IV\" LS, and \"Generation V\" (LT/EcoTec3) engines.", "Chevrolet small-block engine __knowledge__ Engineer Ed Cole, who would later become GM President, is credited with leading the design for this engine." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chevrolet __knowledge__ Chevrolet ( ), colloquially referred to as Chevy and formally the Chevrolet Division of General Motors Company, is an American automobile division of the American manufacturer General Motors (GM).", "Chevrolet __knowledge__ Louis Chevrolet and ousted General Motors founder William C. Durant started the company on November 3, 1911 as the Chevrolet Motor Car Company.", "Chevrolet __knowledge__ Durant used the Chevrolet Motor Car Company to acquire a controlling stake in General Motors with a reverse merger occurring on May 2, 1918 and propelled himself back to the GM presidency.", "Chevrolet __knowledge__ After Durant's second ousting in 1919, Alfred Sloan, with his maxim \"a car for every purse and purpose,\" would pick the Chevrolet brand to become the volume leader in the General Motors family, selling mainstream vehicles to compete with Henry Ford's Model T in 1919 and overtaking Ford as the best-selling car in the United States by 1929.", "Chevrolet __knowledge__ Chevrolet-branded vehicles are sold in most automotive markets worldwide, with the notable exception of Oceania, where GM is represented by its Australian subsidiary, Holden; Chevrolet announced a return to the region beginning in 2018 after a 50-year absence.", "Chevrolet __knowledge__ In 2005, Chevrolet was relaunched in Europe, primarily selling vehicles built by GM Daewoo of South Korea with the tagline \"Daewoo has grown up enough to become Chevrolet\", a move rooted in General Motors' attempt to build a global brand around Chevrolet.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ \"Holby City\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 12 January 1999 on BBC One.", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ The series was created by Tony McHale and Mal Young as a spin-off from the established BBC medical drama \"Casualty\".", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ It is set in the same hospital as \"Casualty\", Holby General, in the fictional city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with both \"Casualty\" (in episodes broadcast as \"Casualty@Holby City\") and the show's 2007 police procedural spin-off \"HolbyBlue\".", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ \"Holby City\" follows the professional and personal lives of surgeons, nurses, other medical and ancillary staff and patients at Holby General.", "All Creatures Great and Small (TV series) __knowledge__ All Creatures Great and Small is a British television series based on the books of the British veterinary surgeon Alf Wight, who wrote under the pseudonym James Herriot.", "All Creatures Great and Small (TV series) __knowledge__ In 1977, the BBC tasked producer Bill Sellars with the creation of a television series from Herriot's first two novels, \"If Only They Could Talk\" and \"It Shouldn't Happen to a Vet\", using the title of the 1975 film adaptation.", "All Creatures Great and Small (TV series) __knowledge__ The Herriot novels were written in an episodic style, with each chapter generally containing a short story within the ongoing narrative of Herriot's life.", "All Creatures Great and Small (TV series) __knowledge__ This format greatly facilitated their adaptation for a television series.", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" is an American comedy-drama series that aired on ABC (American Broadcasting Company).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ It focuses on the residents living on the fictional Wisteria Lane as narrated by their deceased neighbor, Mary Alice Young (Brenda Strong).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ Specifically, the series follows four protagonists and Mary Alice's friends, Susan Mayer (Teri Hatcher), Lynette Scavo (Felicity Huffman), Bree Van de Kamp (Marcia Cross), and Gabrielle Solis (Eva Longoria).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" features an ensemble cast, which also includes the women's husbands, children, love interests, neighbors, and other acquaintances.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ Flying Hawk (Oglala Lakota: \"Čhetáŋ Kiŋyáŋ\" in Standard Lakota Orthography; a/k/a Moses Flying Hawk; March 1854 – December 24, 1931) was an Oglala Lakota warrior, historian, educator and philosopher.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ Flying Hawk's life chronicles the history of the Oglala Lakota people through the 19th and early 20th centuries, as he fought to deflect the worst effects of white rule; educate his people and preserve sacred Oglala Lakota land and heritage.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ Chief Flying Hawk was a combatant in Red Cloud's War and in nearly all of the fights with the U.S. Army during the Great Sioux War of 1876.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ He fought alongside his first cousin Crazy Horse and his brothers Kicking Bear and Black Fox II in the Battle of the Little Big Horn in 1876, and was present at the death of Crazy Horse in 1877 and the Wounded Knee Massacre of 1890.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in Laurell K. Hamilton's \"\" series of novels.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The title character, Anita Blake starts as a human with the power of necromancy.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She joins the organization Animators, Inc. as an animator: a person who raises zombies) and a vampire executioner.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ In later volumes, she acquires some powers that are commonly associated with vampires.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She contracts the lycanthropy viruses which makes her associate with were-creatures.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She also grows powers as a succubus.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ Bert is the founder and managing partner of Animators, Inc. Over 6 feet tall and built like a former athlete, Bert is an unscrupulous boss who is inclined to sign the animators up for almost any job if the price is right.", "Dot Cotton __knowledge__ Dorothy “Dot” Branning (also Cotton) is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera, \"EastEnders\", played by June Brown since 1985.", "Dot Cotton __knowledge__ Dot first appeared in \"EastEnders\" in July 1985 as the mother of criminal Nick Cotton (John Altman).", "Dot Cotton __knowledge__ The character has worked as a launderette assistant for most of that time along with original character Pauline Fowler (Wendy Richard).", "Dot Cotton __knowledge__ Dot moved away with her son and his family in 1993.", "Dot Cotton __knowledge__ In reality, Brown left the show in 1993, unhappy with the axing of her co star Peter Dean, who played Pete Beale from the shows first episode to early 1993.", "Dot Cotton __knowledge__ Brown returned to the role as a recurring character from April 1997 to April 1998 and was again made a regular from November 1998 onwards.", "2012 World Touring Car Championship __knowledge__ The 2012 World Touring Car Championship season was the ninth season of the FIA World Touring Car Championship, and the eighth since its 2005 return.", "2012 World Touring Car Championship __knowledge__ The championship, which was open to Super 2000 cars, began with the Race of Italy at Monza on 11 March and ended with the Guia Race of Macau at the Guia Circuit on 18 November, after twenty-four races.", "2012 World Touring Car Championship __knowledge__ Robert Huff won the Drivers' Championship and Chevrolet won the Manufacturers' Championship.", "2012 World Touring Car Championship __knowledge__ The following teams and drivers contested the 2012 FIA World Touring Car Championship.", "2012 World Touring Car Championship __knowledge__ Each meeting consists of two races of approx 50 km each.", "2012 World Touring Car Championship __knowledge__ Numerous changes have been made to the 2012 calendar: Having dominated the previous season, and still being the only factory-supported team in 2012, the factory Chevrolets were expected to dominate qualifying, but instead it was Gabriele Tarquini in his Lukoil SEAT who took a surprising pole position.", "Chevrolet Caprice __knowledge__ The Chevrolet Caprice is a full-sized automobile produced by Chevrolet in North America for the 1965 to 1996 model years.", "Chevrolet Caprice __knowledge__ Full-size Chevrolet sales peaked in 1965 with over a million sold.", "Chevrolet Caprice __knowledge__ It was the most popular American car in the sixties and early seventies, which, during its lifetime, included the Biscayne, Bel Air, and Impala.", "Chevrolet Caprice __knowledge__ Introduced in mid-1965 as a luxury trim package for the Impala four-door hardtop, Chevrolet offered a full line of Caprice models for the 1966 and subsequent model years, including a \"formal hardtop\" coupe and an Estate station wagon.", "Chevrolet Caprice __knowledge__ The 1971 to 1976 models are the largest Chevrolets ever built.", "Chevrolet Impala __knowledge__ The Chevrolet Impala ) is a full-size car built by Chevrolet for model years 1958–85, 1994–96, and since 2000 onwards.", "Chevrolet Impala __knowledge__ The Impala was Chevrolet's most expensive passenger model through 1965, and had become the best-selling automobile in the United States.", "Chevrolet Impala __knowledge__ For its debut in 1958, the Impala was distinguished from other models by its symmetrical triple taillights, which returned from 1960–96.", "Chevrolet Impala __knowledge__ The Caprice was introduced as a top-line Impala Sport Sedan for model year 1965, later becoming a separate series positioned above the Impala in 1966, which, in turn, remained above the Bel Air and the Biscayne.", "Chevrolet Bel Air __knowledge__ The Chevrolet Bel Air was a full-size car produced by Chevrolet for the 1950–1981 model years.", "Chevrolet Bel Air __knowledge__ Initially only the two door hardtops in the Chevrolet model range were designated with the Bel Air name from 1950 to 1952, as distinct from the Styleline and Fleetline models for the remainder of the range.", "Chevrolet Bel Air __knowledge__ With the 1953 model year the Bel Air name was changed from a designation for a unique body shape to a premium level of trim applied across a number of body styles.", "Chevrolet Bel Air __knowledge__ The Bel Air continued with various other trim level designations until US production ceased in 1975.", "Chevrolet Bel Air __knowledge__ Production continued in Canada, for its home market only, through the 1981 model year.", "Model car __knowledge__ A model vehicle or toy vehicle is a miniature representation of an automobile.", "Model car __knowledge__ Other miniature motor vehicles, such as trucks, buses, or even ATVs, etc.", "Model car __knowledge__ are often included in this general category.", "Model car __knowledge__ Because many miniature vehicles were originally aimed at children as playthings, there is no precise difference between a model car and a toy car, yet the word 'model' implies either assembly required or the accurate rendering of an actual vehicle at smaller scale.", "Model car __knowledge__ The kit building hobby became popular through the 1950s, while the collecting of miniatures by adults started to pick up momentum around 1970.", "General Motors __knowledge__ General Motors Company, commonly abbreviated as GM, is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Detroit that designs, manufactures, markets, and distributes vehicles and vehicle parts, and sells financial services.", "General Motors __knowledge__ With global headquarters in Detroit's Renaissance Center, GM manufactures cars and trucks in 35 countries.", "General Motors __knowledge__ In 2008, 8.35 million GM cars and trucks were sold globally under various brands.", "General Motors __knowledge__ GM reached the milestone of selling 10 million vehicles in 2016.", "General Motors __knowledge__ Current auto brands are Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Holden, and Wuling.", "General Motors __knowledge__ Former GM automotive brands include Daewoo, McLaughlin, Oakland, Oldsmobile, Pontiac, Hummer, Saab, Saturn, as well as Vauxhall, and Opel, which were bought by Groupe PSA in 2017." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chevrolet __knowledge__ Chevrolet ( ), colloquially referred to as Chevy and formally the Chevrolet Division of General Motors Company, is an American automobile division of the American manufacturer General Motors (GM).", "Chevrolet __knowledge__ Louis Chevrolet and ousted General Motors founder William C. Durant started the company on November 3, 1911 as the Chevrolet Motor Car Company.", "Chevrolet __knowledge__ Durant used the Chevrolet Motor Car Company to acquire a controlling stake in General Motors with a reverse merger occurring on May 2, 1918 and propelled himself back to the GM presidency.", "Chevrolet __knowledge__ After Durant's second ousting in 1919, Alfred Sloan, with his maxim \"a car for every purse and purpose,\" would pick the Chevrolet brand to become the volume leader in the General Motors family, selling mainstream vehicles to compete with Henry Ford's Model T in 1919 and overtaking Ford as the best-selling car in the United States by 1929.", "Chevrolet __knowledge__ Chevrolet-branded vehicles are sold in most automotive markets worldwide, with the notable exception of Oceania, where GM is represented by its Australian subsidiary, Holden; Chevrolet announced a return to the region beginning in 2018 after a 50-year absence.", "Chevrolet __knowledge__ In 2005, Chevrolet was relaunched in Europe, primarily selling vehicles built by GM Daewoo of South Korea with the tagline \"Daewoo has grown up enough to become Chevrolet\", a move rooted in General Motors' attempt to build a global brand around Chevrolet.", "Chevrolet Volt __knowledge__ The Chevrolet Volt is a plug-in hybrid car manufactured by General Motors, also marketed in rebadged variants as the Buick Velite 5 in China, Holden Volt in Australia and New Zealand, and with a different fascia as the Vauxhall Ampera in the United Kingdom and as the Opel Ampera in the remainder of Europe.", "Chevrolet Volt __knowledge__ Sales of the 2011 Volt began in the United States in mid-December 2010, followed by various European countries and other international markets in 2011.", "Chevrolet Volt __knowledge__ Global combined Volt/Ampera family sales totaled about 134,500 units by the end of December 2016.", "Chevrolet Volt __knowledge__ The U.S. is the leading market, with 113,489 Volts delivered, followed by Canada with 8,884 Volts sold through November 2016.", "General Motors __knowledge__ General Motors Company, commonly abbreviated as GM, is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Detroit that designs, manufactures, markets, and distributes vehicles and vehicle parts, and sells financial services.", "General Motors __knowledge__ With global headquarters in Detroit's Renaissance Center, GM manufactures cars and trucks in 35 countries.", "General Motors __knowledge__ In 2008, 8.35 million GM cars and trucks were sold globally under various brands.", "General Motors __knowledge__ GM reached the milestone of selling 10 million vehicles in 2016.", "General Motors __knowledge__ Current auto brands are Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Holden, and Wuling.", "General Motors __knowledge__ Former GM automotive brands include Daewoo, McLaughlin, Oakland, Oldsmobile, Pontiac, Hummer, Saab, Saturn, as well as Vauxhall, and Opel, which were bought by Groupe PSA in 2017.", "History of General Motors __knowledge__ The history of General Motors (GM), one of the world's largest car and truck manufacturers, reaches back more than a century and involves a vast scope of industrial activity around the world, mostly focused on motorized transportation and the engineering and manufacturing that make it possible.", "History of General Motors __knowledge__ Founded in 1908 as a holding company in Flint, Michigan, as of 2012 it employs approximately 209,000 people around the world.", "History of General Motors __knowledge__ With global headquarters at the Renaissance Center in Detroit, Michigan, United States, General Motors manufactures cars and trucks in 35 countries.", "History of General Motors __knowledge__ In 2008, 8.35 million GM cars and trucks were sold globally under various brands.", "General Motors Chapter 11 reorganization __knowledge__ The 2009 General Motors Chapter 11 sale of the assets of automobile manufacturer General Motors and some of its subsidiaries was implemented through Chapter 11, Title 11, United States Code in the United States bankruptcy court for the Southern District of New York.", "General Motors Chapter 11 reorganization __knowledge__ The United States government-endorsed sale enabled the NGMCO Inc. (\"New GM\") to purchase the continuing operational assets of the old GM.", "General Motors Chapter 11 reorganization __knowledge__ Normal operations, including employee compensation, warranties, and other customer service were uninterrupted during the bankruptcy proceedings.", "General Motors Chapter 11 reorganization __knowledge__ Operations outside of the United States were not included in the court filing.", "Effects of the 2008–10 automotive industry crisis on the United States __knowledge__ Beginning in the later half of 2008, a global-scale recession adversely affected the economy of the United States.", "Effects of the 2008–10 automotive industry crisis on the United States __knowledge__ A combination of several years of declining automobile sales and scarce availability of credit led to a more widespread crisis in the United States auto industry in the years of 2008 and 2009.", "Effects of the 2008–10 automotive industry crisis on the United States __knowledge__ Following dramatic drops in automobile sales throughout 2008, two of the \"Big Three\" U.S. automakers – General Motors (GM), and Chrysler – requested emergency loans in order to address impending cash shortages.", "Effects of the 2008–10 automotive industry crisis on the United States __knowledge__ By April 2009, the situation had worsened such that both GM and Chrysler were faced with imminent bankruptcy and liquidation.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ This article provides an overview of the automotive industry in countries around the world.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ The United States was the world's largest automobile producer by volume from the early years of the 20th century until the 1980s, when it was overtaken by Japan.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ In 2009, China became the world's largest vehicle producer.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ Algeria's automotive industry is among the largest on the African continent (together with South Africa, Egypt and Morocco) and can exceed 500,000 units a year.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ Renault is the largest manufacturer with an estimated 25.5 percent of the national car market.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ Other carmakers represented there include Volkswagen (second largest), Peugeot, Hyundai (fifth largest), Nissan, and Fiat.", "Louis Chevrolet __knowledge__ Louis-Joseph \"Louis\" Chevrolet (December 25, 1878 – June 6, 1941) was a Swiss-American race car driver, co-founder of the Chevrolet Motor Car Company in 1911, and a founder in 1916 of the Frontenac Motor Corporation.", "Louis Chevrolet __knowledge__ The second child of French-Swiss parents Joseph-Félicien and Marie-Anne Angéline (\"née\" Mahon), Louis-Joseph Chevrolet was born in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Canton of Neuchâtel, a center of watchmaking in northwestern Switzerland.", "Louis Chevrolet __knowledge__ In 1886, Chevrolet's family left Switzerland to live in Beaune, in the Côte-d'Or \"département\" of France.", "Louis Chevrolet __knowledge__ There, as a young man, Louis developed his mechanical skills and interest in bicycle racing.", "Chevrolet Series C Classic Six __knowledge__ The Chevrolet Series C Classic Six is the first automobile produced by American car manufacturer Chevrolet.", "Chevrolet Series C Classic Six __knowledge__ It is one of the few Chevrolets made while record-setting Buick race car driver Louis Chevrolet was with the company.", "Chevrolet Series C Classic Six __knowledge__ This Brass Era Chevy was much larger, more powerful, more stylized and therefore more expensive than the cars that would ultimately replace it.", "Chevrolet Series C Classic Six __knowledge__ Louis Chevrolet loved it, but William Durant had a cheaper car in mind.", "Chevrolet Series C Classic Six __knowledge__ The 1913-14 Chevrolet Type C also called the Chevrolet Classic Six (Series C), Chevrolet Model C, Classic Six or, at the time it was new, simply the Chevrolet (since there were no other models to confuse it with until 1914 when the Model H and L were released), was the first Chevrolet, and was also sold by other makes.", "Little (automobile) __knowledge__ The Little was two automobiles built in Flint, Michigan, from 191215 and the company, Little Motor Car Company, founded by William H. Little and William C. Durant that built them.", "Little (automobile) __knowledge__ It was incorporated into the current Chevrolet Motor Company.", "Little (automobile) __knowledge__ Little Motor Car Company was an automobile manufactured founded primarily by William H. Little and William C. Durant that operated from 1911 to 1913.", "Little (automobile) __knowledge__ After the Panic of 1910–11 and lack of cash from overexpansion that led to General Motors's Board to oust Durant, Durant began forming other car companies including Chevrolet and Mason Motors.", "Little (automobile) __knowledge__ Durant purchased the failing Flint Wagon Works and used the assets to set up the Little Motor Car Company and Mason.", "American Motors __knowledge__ American Motors Corporation (AMC) was an American automobile company formed by the 1954 merger of Nash-Kelvinator Corporation and Hudson Motor Car Company.", "American Motors __knowledge__ At the time, it was the largest corporate merger in U.S. history.", "American Motors __knowledge__ AMC went on to compete with the US Big Three, Ford, GM and Chrysler – with its small cars including the Rambler American, Hornet, Gremlin and Pacer; muscle cars including the Marlin, AMX and Javelin, and early 4-wheel-drive variants of the Eagle, America's first true crossover.", "American Motors __knowledge__ The company was known as \"a small company deft enough to exploit special market segments left untended by the giants,\" and was widely known for the design work of chief stylist, Dick Teague, who \"had to make do with a much tighter budget than his counterparts at Detroit's Big Three\" but \"had a knack for making the most of his employer's investment.\"", "Automotive industry in the United States __knowledge__ The automotive industry in the United States began in the 1890s and, as a result of the size of the domestic market and the use of mass-production, rapidly evolved into the largest in the world.", "Automotive industry in the United States __knowledge__ However, the United States was overtaken as the largest automobile producer by Japan in the 1980s, and subsequently by China in 2008.", "Automotive industry in the United States __knowledge__ The U.S. is currently second among the largest manufacturer in the world by volume, with approximately 8-10 million manufactured annually.", "Automotive industry in the United States __knowledge__ Notable exceptions were 5.7 million automobiles manufactured in 2009 (due to crisis), and peak production levels of 13-15 million units during the 1970s and early 2000s." ] ]

[ 1, 5, 2, 1 ]

[ "My dad worked for General Motors and always drove a chevrolet.", "Chevrolets are sold in automobile markets world wide", "Louis Chevrolet started the Chevrolet Motor Car company way back in 1911", "Chevrolet is a division of General Motors since 1918" ]

[ "Chevrolet", "Chevrolet", "Chevrolet", "Chevrolet" ]

[ "Swimming", "Which do you swim for? I swim mostly for exercise.", "Does your son like swimming much? My kids hate the pool but love the ocean." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is the self-propulsion of a person through fresh or salt water, usually for recreation, sport, exercise, or survival.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Locomotion is achieved through coordinated movement of the limbs, the body, or both.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Humans can hold their breath underwater and undertake rudimentary locomotive swimming within weeks of birth, as an evolutionary response.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is consistently among top public recreational activities, and in some countries, swimming lessons are a compulsory part of the educational curriculum.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a formalized sport, swimming features in a range of local, national, and international competitions, including every modern summer Olympics.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming relies on the natural buoyancy of the human body.", "Swimming __knowledge__ On average, the body has a relative density of 0.98 compared to water, which causes the body to float.", "Swimming __knowledge__ However, buoyancy varies on the basis of both body composition and the salinity of the water.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Higher levels of body fat and saltier water both lower the relative density of the body and increase its buoyancy.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Since the human body is only slightly less dense than water, water supports the weight of the body during swimming.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a result, swimming is “low-impact” compared to land activities such as running." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is the self-propulsion of a person through fresh or salt water, usually for recreation, sport, exercise, or survival.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Locomotion is achieved through coordinated movement of the limbs, the body, or both.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Humans can hold their breath underwater and undertake rudimentary locomotive swimming within weeks of birth, as an evolutionary response.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is consistently among top public recreational activities, and in some countries, swimming lessons are a compulsory part of the educational curriculum.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a formalized sport, swimming features in a range of local, national, and international competitions, including every modern summer Olympics.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming relies on the natural buoyancy of the human body.", "Swimming __knowledge__ On average, the body has a relative density of 0.98 compared to water, which causes the body to float.", "Swimming __knowledge__ However, buoyancy varies on the basis of both body composition and the salinity of the water.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Higher levels of body fat and saltier water both lower the relative density of the body and increase its buoyancy.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Since the human body is only slightly less dense than water, water supports the weight of the body during swimming.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a result, swimming is “low-impact” compared to land activities such as running.", "Adult Swim __knowledge__ Adult Swim (stylized as [adult swim]) is the adult-oriented nighttime programming block of the American children's cable network Cartoon Network, operating daily 8 p.m.–6 a.m. Eastern and Pacific Time.", "Adult Swim __knowledge__ It is programmed by Williams Street Productions, a subsidiary of Turner, which also developed two other programming blocks for Cartoon Network: Toonami (which later became a block on Adult Swim in 2012) and Miguzi.", "Adult Swim __knowledge__ The block gets its name from a phrase used by public swimming pools in the United States to label designated times when children are restricted from using the facilities in favor of adults.", "List of anime in the United States __knowledge__ These anime series have been shown and have achieved varying levels of popularity in the United States and Canada, this is contributed to the era known as the \"anime boom\" which lasted from the mid-1990s to mid-2000s.", "List of anime in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, most anime can be seen televised on channels, with channels such as Adult Swim's Toonami block, and \"Toku\" airing anime targeted toward young adults to adult audiences, and with channels such as \"Disney XD\", and \"Nicktoons\" airing anime targeted toward children audiences.", "List of anime in the United States __knowledge__ Anime can also be viewed online legally on streaming websites such as \"Anime Network\", \"Funimation\" 's FunimationNow platform, \"Crunchyroll\", \"Netflix\", \"Crackle\", \"YouTube\" and \"Hulu\".", "Swim bladder __knowledge__ The swim bladder, gas bladder, fish maw or air bladder is an internal gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of many bony fish (but not cartilaginous fish) to control their buoyancy, and thus to stay at their current water depth without having to waste energy in swimming.", "Swim bladder __knowledge__ Also, the dorsal position of the swim bladder means the center of mass is below the center of volume, allowing it to act as a stabilizing agent.", "Swim bladder __knowledge__ Additionally, the swim bladder functions as a resonating chamber, to produce or receive sound.", "Swim bladder __knowledge__ The swim bladder is evolutionarily homologous to the lungs.", "Swim bladder __knowledge__ Charles Darwin remarked upon this in \"On the Origin of Species\".", "YMCA Philadelphia __knowledge__ YMCA Philadelphia, also the Philadelphia Freedom Valley YMCA was founded on June 15, 1854 by George H. Stuart, a prominent Philadelphia business man and importer.", "YMCA Philadelphia __knowledge__ The goal of the Association was to reach “the many thousands of neglected youth not likely to be brought under any moral influence by any other means.\"", "YMCA Philadelphia __knowledge__ The Philadelphia Freedom Valley YMCA is a community service organization that promotes positive values through programs that help to build strong kids, strong families and strong communities.", "YMCA Philadelphia __knowledge__ Over the years, the Philadelphia Freedom Valley YMCA has grown to include 15 branches and 55 program sites throughout the Greater Philadelphia area.", "Melibe leonina __knowledge__ Melibe leonina, commonly referred to as the hooded nudibranch, lion nudibranch, or lion's mane nudibranch, is a species of predatory nudibranch in the family Tethydidae.", "Melibe leonina __knowledge__ The body of \"M. leonina\" is translucent and is usually colorless to pale yellow or green.", "Melibe leonina __knowledge__ The average body dimensions are 102mm long and 25mm wide.", "Melibe leonina __knowledge__ It has a large expandable oral hood, fringed with two rows of cirri.", "Melibe leonina __knowledge__ The oral hood is typically over 51mm wide.", "Melibe leonina __knowledge__ This species of \"Melibe\" lacks a jaws or a radula.", "Melibe leonina __knowledge__ There are a single pair of rhinophores on the hood that contain four to six lamellae.", "Melibe leonina __knowledge__ Two rows containing three to six pairs of flat, paddle-shaped cerata run along the body.", "Triathlon __knowledge__ A triathlon is a multiple-stage competition involving the completion of three continuous and sequential endurance disciplines.", "Triathlon __knowledge__ While many variations of the sport exist, triathlon, in its most popular form, involves swimming, cycling, and running in immediate succession over various distances.", "Triathlon __knowledge__ Triathletes compete for fastest overall course completion time, including timed \"transitions\" between the individual swim, cycle, and run components.", "Triathlon __knowledge__ The word \"triathlon\" is of Greek origin from τρεῖς or \"treis\" (\"three\") and ἆθλος or \"athlos\" (\"competition\").", "Triathlon __knowledge__ A transition area is set up where the athletes change gear for different segments of the race.", "Scaler __knowledge__ Scaler, also known as Scaler: The Shapeshifting Chameleon, is a video game released in 2004 by Take-Two Interactive and Global Star Software for the GameCube, Xbox, and PlayStation 2 video game consoles.", "Scaler __knowledge__ The Xbox version is not compatible with Xbox 360.", "Scaler __knowledge__ \"Scaler\" follows the story of a lizard-loving 12-year-old boy named Bobby \"Scaler\" Jenkins who accidentately stumbles across an evil plot to dominate the world through use of mutated lizards.", "Scaler __knowledge__ Prior to the start of the game, lizard-loving animal activist Bobby \"Scaler\" Jenkins discovers that five extra-dimensional humanoid reptilian creatures - the leader, Looger, and his henchmen Jazz, Rhombus, Bootcamp, and Turbine - have disguised themselves as humans and intend to conquer the multiverse.", "Swimming lessons __knowledge__ Swimming lessons is the process of learning to swim.", "Swimming lessons __knowledge__ In most countries there is a definition of a number of swimming levels that is reached in the process of the curriculum.", "Swimming lessons __knowledge__ The respective certificates of swimming tests are required for further training in aquatic abilities.", "Swimming lessons __knowledge__ Many countries have defined a minimum swimming level that children should reach by the end of primary education, in most cases with the help of school swimming classes being part of the normal curriculum.", "Swimming lessons __knowledge__ Children are often given swimming lessons, which serve to develop swimming technique and confidence.", "Swimming lessons __knowledge__ Children were traditionally viewed not to be able to swim independently until 4 years of age, but infant swimming lessons are now recommended to prevent drowning.", "Winter swimming __knowledge__ Winter swimming is the activity of swimming during the winter season, typically in outdoor locations (open water swimming) or in unheated pools or lidos.", "Winter swimming __knowledge__ In colder countries it may be synonymous with ice swimming, when the water is frozen over.", "Winter swimming __knowledge__ This requires either breaking the ice or entering where a spring prevents the formation of ice.", "Winter swimming __knowledge__ It may also be simulated by a pool of water at , the temperature at which water freezes.", "Winter swimming __knowledge__ In Eastern Europe and Russia winter swimming is part of the celebration of the Epiphany.", "Winter swimming __knowledge__ Competitions for winter swimming also exist.", "Winter swimming __knowledge__ Many winter swimmers swim with standard swimming costumes rather than with wetsuits or other thermal protection.", "Swimming pool __knowledge__ A swimming pool, swimming bath, wading pool, or paddling pool is a structure designed to hold water to enable swimming or other leisure activities.", "Swimming pool __knowledge__ Pools can be built into the ground (in-ground pools) or built above ground (as a freestanding construction or as part of a building or other larger structure), and are also a common feature aboard ocean-liners and cruise ships.", "Swimming pool __knowledge__ In-ground pools are most commonly constructed from materials such as concrete, natural stone, metal, plastic or fiberglass, and can be of a custom size and shape or built to a standardized size, the largest of which is the Olympic-size swimming pool.", "Crocodilia __knowledge__ The Crocodilia (or Crocodylia) is an order of mostly large, predatory, semiaquatic reptiles, known as crocodilians.", "Crocodilia __knowledge__ They first appeared 83.5 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous period (Campanian stage) and are the closest living relatives of birds, as the two groups are the only known survivors of the Archosauria.", "Crocodilia __knowledge__ Members of the order's total group, the clade Pseudosuchia, appeared about 250 million years ago in the Early Triassic period, and diversified during the Mesozoic era.", "Crocodilia __knowledge__ The order Crocodilia includes the true crocodiles (family Crocodylidae), the alligators and caimans (family Alligatoridae), and the gharial and false gharial (family Gavialidae).", "Diana Nyad __knowledge__ Diana Nyad (née Sneed; born August 22, 1949) is an American author, journalist, motivational speaker, and long-distance swimmer.", "Diana Nyad __knowledge__ Nyad gained national attention in 1975 when she swam around Manhattan () and in 1979 when she swam from North Bimini, The Bahamas, to Juno Beach, Florida ().", "Diana Nyad __knowledge__ In 2013, on her fifth attempt and at age 64, she became the first person confirmed to swim from Cuba to Florida without the aid of a shark cage, swimming from Havana to Key West ().", "Diana Nyad __knowledge__ Nyad was also once ranked thirteenth among US women squash players.", "Diana Nyad __knowledge__ Nyad was born in New York City on August 22, 1949, to stockbroker William L. Sneed Jr. and his wife Lucy Winslow Curtis (1925–2007)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is the self-propulsion of a person through fresh or salt water, usually for recreation, sport, exercise, or survival.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Locomotion is achieved through coordinated movement of the limbs, the body, or both.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Humans can hold their breath underwater and undertake rudimentary locomotive swimming within weeks of birth, as an evolutionary response.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is consistently among top public recreational activities, and in some countries, swimming lessons are a compulsory part of the educational curriculum.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a formalized sport, swimming features in a range of local, national, and international competitions, including every modern summer Olympics.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming relies on the natural buoyancy of the human body.", "Swimming __knowledge__ On average, the body has a relative density of 0.98 compared to water, which causes the body to float.", "Swimming __knowledge__ However, buoyancy varies on the basis of both body composition and the salinity of the water.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Higher levels of body fat and saltier water both lower the relative density of the body and increase its buoyancy.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Since the human body is only slightly less dense than water, water supports the weight of the body during swimming.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a result, swimming is “low-impact” compared to land activities such as running.", "Charm School with Ricki Lake __knowledge__ Charm School with Ricki Lake is the third and final season of the VH1 reality television series \"Charm School\".", "Charm School with Ricki Lake __knowledge__ Fourteen contestants from \"Rock of Love Bus with Bret Michaels\" and \"Real Chance of Love\" must change their old ways and learn improvement through acts of charity work.", "Charm School with Ricki Lake __knowledge__ Ricki Lake is the headmistress of the Charm School, and is assisted by deans Alani \"La La\" Vazquez and Stryker.", "Charm School with Ricki Lake __knowledge__ Ebony Jones (Risky) was ultimately named Charm School Queen and was awarded the $100,000.", "Charm School with Ricki Lake __knowledge__ \"First Aired May 11, 2009 This season of \"Charm School\" opens with fourteen women from \"Rock of Love Bus\" and \"Real Chance of Love\" on a bus traveling to meet their headmistress, Ricki Lake.", "Swimming pool __knowledge__ A swimming pool, swimming bath, wading pool, or paddling pool is a structure designed to hold water to enable swimming or other leisure activities.", "Swimming pool __knowledge__ Pools can be built into the ground (in-ground pools) or built above ground (as a freestanding construction or as part of a building or other larger structure), and are also a common feature aboard ocean-liners and cruise ships.", "Swimming pool __knowledge__ In-ground pools are most commonly constructed from materials such as concrete, natural stone, metal, plastic or fiberglass, and can be of a custom size and shape or built to a standardized size, the largest of which is the Olympic-size swimming pool.", "Ramcharitmanas __knowledge__ Ramcharitmanas (Devanāgarī: , IAST: ŚrīRāmacaritamānasa), is an epic poem in the language Awadhi, composed by the 16th-century Indian bhakti poet Goswami Tulsidas (c.1532–1623).", "Ramcharitmanas __knowledge__ \"Ramcharitmanas\" literally means \"Lake of the deeds of Rama\".", "Ramcharitmanas __knowledge__ \"Ramcharitmanas\" is considered as one of the greatest works of Hindi literature, Indian literature as well as of the world literature.", "Ramcharitmanas __knowledge__ The work has variously been acclaimed as \"the living sum of Indian culture\", \"the tallest tree in the magic garden of medieval Indian poetry\", \"the greatest book of all devotional literature\" and \"the best and most trustworthy guide to the popular living faith of the Indian people\".", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ Aquatic locomotion is biologically propelled motion through a liquid medium.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ The simplest propulsive systems are composed of cilia and flagella.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ Swimming has evolved a number of times in a range of organisms including arthropods, fish, molluscs, reptiles, birds, and mammals.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ Swimming evolved a number of times in unrelated lineages.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ Supposed jellyfish fossils occur in the Ediacaran, but the first free-swimming animals appear in the Early to Middle Cambrian.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ These are mostly related to the arthropods, and include the Anomalocaridids, which swam by means of lateral lobes in a fashion reminiscent of today's cuttlefish.", "Poorva Shetye __knowledge__ Poorva Kiran Shetye (Marathi: पूर्वा शेट्ये; born March 12, 1993), is an Indian International Swimmer, who is specialized in 50 m, 100 m and 200 m breaststroke.", "Poorva Shetye __knowledge__ Poorva still holds the National Record at the National Games for 50 m Breast Stroke.", "Poorva Shetye __knowledge__ Poorva was awarded Shiv Chatrapati Award in 2008 by the Chief Minister, Prithviraj Chavan.", "Poorva Shetye __knowledge__ Poorva who was born to mother Kavita Kiran Shetye and father Kiran M Shetye in Mumbai moved to Bangalore to pursue her swimming aspiration.", "Poorva Shetye __knowledge__ At a young age, she was diagnosed with chronic Bronchitis.", "Poorva Shetye __knowledge__ Under advice from her family Homeopathic doctor, Dr. Seema Oak, she took swimming to improve her lung capacity.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of \"The Biggest Loser\" which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season was also the last for host Alison Sweeney to focus on other projects.", "Horst Schüler-Springorum __knowledge__ Horst Schüler-Springorum (15 October 1928 - 5 September 2015) was a German Professor of Jurisprudence.", "Horst Schüler-Springorum __knowledge__ The focus of his work was on Criminal justice.", "Horst Schüler-Springorum __knowledge__ When he died a tribute in the news magazine Der Spiegel asserted that throughout his [adult] life Horst Schüler-Springorum campaigned for prison reform and for an enlightened and intelligent approach to criminal justice.", "Horst Schüler-Springorum __knowledge__ His best known publication, \"Kriminalpolitik für Menschen\" (\"\"Criminal Justice Policy for Human Beings\"\") appeared in 1991.", "Horst Schüler-Springorum __knowledge__ Horst Schüler-Springorum, whose father was a German export trader, was born in a village near Tehran and grew up in Berlin.", "Adult Swim __knowledge__ Adult Swim (stylized as [adult swim]) is the adult-oriented nighttime programming block of the American children's cable network Cartoon Network, operating daily 8 p.m.–6 a.m. Eastern and Pacific Time.", "Adult Swim __knowledge__ It is programmed by Williams Street Productions, a subsidiary of Turner, which also developed two other programming blocks for Cartoon Network: Toonami (which later became a block on Adult Swim in 2012) and Miguzi.", "Adult Swim __knowledge__ The block gets its name from a phrase used by public swimming pools in the United States to label designated times when children are restricted from using the facilities in favor of adults.", "Willamalane Park and Recreation District __knowledge__ Willamalane Park and Recreation District maintains and operates six recreation facilities and 37 parks and open spaces that make up more than 700 acres.", "Willamalane Park and Recreation District __knowledge__ Highlights include Splash!", "Willamalane Park and Recreation District __knowledge__ at Lively Park, Camp Putt Adventure Golf Park, nine waterfront areas, 11 miles of hiking and biking trails, 19 sports fields and 21 playgrounds.", "Willamalane Park and Recreation District __knowledge__ Willamalane offers hundreds of recreation programs to more than 60,000 patrons.", "Willamalane Park and Recreation District __knowledge__ Created by voters in 1944, Willamalane is a special tax district, separate from the city of Springfield, Oregon, with its own boundaries.", "Willamalane Park and Recreation District __knowledge__ It is governed by a five-member, elected board of directors and managed by a district superintendent.", "The Liffey Swim __knowledge__ The Liffey Swim, currently titled the Jones Engineering Dublin City Liffey Swim, is an annual race in Dublin's main river, the Liffey, and is one of Ireland's most famous traditional sporting events.", "The Liffey Swim __knowledge__ The race is managed by a voluntary not-for-profit organisation, Leinster Open Sea.", "The Liffey Swim __knowledge__ The 98th Liffey Swim took place on Saturday 9 September 2017, starting at the Rory O’Moore Bridge (Watling Street Bridge) beside the Guinness Brewery.", "The Liffey Swim __knowledge__ The race is one of the last swims in a season of 30 open sea races held during the summer months, organised by Leinster Open Sea, and takes place usually on a Saturday in either late August or early September.", "Swim bladder __knowledge__ The swim bladder, gas bladder, fish maw or air bladder is an internal gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of many bony fish (but not cartilaginous fish) to control their buoyancy, and thus to stay at their current water depth without having to waste energy in swimming.", "Swim bladder __knowledge__ Also, the dorsal position of the swim bladder means the center of mass is below the center of volume, allowing it to act as a stabilizing agent.", "Swim bladder __knowledge__ Additionally, the swim bladder functions as a resonating chamber, to produce or receive sound.", "Swim bladder __knowledge__ The swim bladder is evolutionarily homologous to the lungs.", "Swim bladder __knowledge__ Charles Darwin remarked upon this in \"On the Origin of Species\".", "Swim briefs __knowledge__ A swim brief or racing brief is any briefs-style male swimsuit such as those worn in competitive swimming and diving.", "Swim briefs __knowledge__ The popularity of the Australian \"Speedo\" brand racing brief has led to the use of its name in many countries around the world (e.g.", "Swim briefs __knowledge__ the United States, New Zealand, UK and Europe) to refer to any racing brief, regardless of the maker.", "Swim briefs __knowledge__ Occasionally, the Speedo genericized trademark also applies to square cut swimsuit, but in general the generic term is used in reference to swim briefs.", "Swim briefs __knowledge__ Swim briefs are also referred to as competition briefs, swimming trunks, bathers, racer bathers, posing briefs, racing briefs, and colloquially in Australia as \"budgie smugglers\".", "Swim Across America __knowledge__ Swim Across America Inc., (SAA) is a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization that is dedicated to raising money and awareness for cancer research, prevention and treatment by hosting open water and pool benefit swim events across the US.", "Swim Across America __knowledge__ SAA, whose events often include Olympians such as Michael Phelps, Jenny Thompson and Dara Torres, has raised over $65 million since its inception.", "Swim Across America __knowledge__ Money raised by SAA supports world-renowned hospitals, laboratories and clinics, including the Swim Across America lab at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, which played a key role in developing the first drug to treat metastatic melanoma approved by the FDA in 13 years." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "i love swimming! People swim for recreation, sport, exercise and sometimes survival", "i swim for recreation with my son. ", "my son loves swimming in the pool. we've never been to the beach with him yet, he is a baby still so we didn't have time" ]

[ "Swimming", "Swimming", "Swimming" ]

[ "Country music", "Do you prefer modern country music or older styles?", "Do you like listening to Garth Brooks?", "He is very good. I also like Blake Shelton." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Country music __knowledge__ Country (or country and western) is a musical genre that originated in the southern United States in the early 1920s.", "Country music __knowledge__ It takes its roots from genres such as folk music (especially Appalachian folk music) and blues.", "Country music __knowledge__ Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms, folk lyric and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjos, electric and acoustic guitars, steel guitars (such as pedal steels and dobros), and fiddles as well as harmonicas.", "Country music __knowledge__ Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history.", "Country music __knowledge__ According to Lindsey Starnes, the term \"country music\" gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term \"hillbilly music\"; it came to encompass Western music, which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots, in the mid-20th century.", "Country music __knowledge__ In 2009, in the United States country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, and second most popular in the morning commute.", "Country music __knowledge__ The term \"country music\" is used today to describe many styles and subgenres.", "Country music __knowledge__ The origins of country music are the folk music of working class Americans, who blended popular songs, Irish and Celtic fiddle tunes, traditional English ballads, and cowboy songs, and various musical traditions from European immigrant communities." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Country music __knowledge__ Country (or country and western) is a musical genre that originated in the southern United States in the early 1920s.", "Country music __knowledge__ It takes its roots from genres such as folk music (especially Appalachian folk music) and blues.", "Country music __knowledge__ Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms, folk lyric and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjos, electric and acoustic guitars, steel guitars (such as pedal steels and dobros), and fiddles as well as harmonicas.", "Country music __knowledge__ Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history.", "Country music __knowledge__ According to Lindsey Starnes, the term \"country music\" gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term \"hillbilly music\"; it came to encompass Western music, which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots, in the mid-20th century.", "Country music __knowledge__ In 2009, in the United States country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, and second most popular in the morning commute.", "Country music __knowledge__ The term \"country music\" is used today to describe many styles and subgenres.", "Country music __knowledge__ The origins of country music are the folk music of working class Americans, who blended popular songs, Irish and Celtic fiddle tunes, traditional English ballads, and cowboy songs, and various musical traditions from European immigrant communities.", "American popular music __knowledge__ American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world.", "American popular music __knowledge__ The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture, including ragtime, blues, jazz, swing, rock, bluegrass, country, R&B, doo wop, gospel, soul, funk, heavy metal, punk, disco, house, techno, salsa, grunge and hip hop.", "American popular music __knowledge__ In addition, the American music industry is quite diverse, supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco, klezmer and slack-key.", "American popular music __knowledge__ Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century, and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music, using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The music of the United States reflects the country's multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ It is a mixture of music influenced by West African, Irish, Scottish and mainland European among others.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The country's most internationally renowned genres are jazz, blues, country, bluegrass, rock, rhythm and blues, soul, ragtime, hip hop, barbershop, pop, experimental, techno, house, dance, boogaloo, salsa, and rock and roll.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The United States has the world's largest music market with a total retail value of 4,898.3 million dollars in 2014, and its music is heard around the world.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained a near global audience.", "Music history of the United States __knowledge__ The music history of the United States includes many styles of folk, popular and classical music.", "Music history of the United States __knowledge__ Some of the best-known genres of American music are blues, rock and roll, and country.", "Music history of the United States __knowledge__ The history began with the Native Americans, the first people to populate North America.", "Music history of the United States __knowledge__ The music of these people was highly varied in form, and was mostly religious in purpose.", "Music history of the United States __knowledge__ With the colonization of America from European countries like France, Spain, Scotland, England, Ireland, and Wales came Christian choirs, musical notation, broadsides, as well as West African slaves.", "Music history of the United States __knowledge__ West African slaves played a variety of instruments, especially drums and string instruments similar to the banjo.", "Johnny Ashcroft __knowledge__ Johnny Ashcroft OAM FAIHA (born 1 February 1927 in North Sydney, Australia) is a retired Australian country music entertainer, songwriter, recording artist and musician.", "Johnny Ashcroft __knowledge__ He is married to fellow performer Gay Kayler, whom he has recorded with on numerous occasions.", "Johnny Ashcroft __knowledge__ He retired from the industry in 1998, and now aged 90, resides on the Gold Coast, Queensland.", "Johnny Ashcroft __knowledge__ In 1788, Ashcroft’s great-great-great-grandfather, Marine Corporal John Gowan, arrived in Australia aboard the First Fleet's Flagship, .", "Johnny Ashcroft __knowledge__ In 1814, his great-great-grandfather and namesake, John Ashcroft, arrived in chains aboard the notorious convict ship \"Surrey\".", "Blues __knowledge__ Blues is a music genre and musical form originated by African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the end of the 19th century.", "Blues __knowledge__ The genre developed from roots in African musical traditions, African-American work songs, spirituals, and the folk music of white Americans of European heritage.", "Blues __knowledge__ Blues incorporated spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts, chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads.", "Blues __knowledge__ The blues form, ubiquitous in jazz, rhythm and blues and rock and roll, is characterized by the call-and-response pattern, the blues scale and specific chord progressions, of which the twelve-bar blues is the most common.", "Music of Hawaii __knowledge__ The music of Hawaii includes an array of traditional and popular styles, ranging from native Hawaiian folk music to modern rock and hip hop.", "Music of Hawaii __knowledge__ Hawaii's musical contributions to the music of the United States are out of proportion to the state's small size.", "Music of Hawaii __knowledge__ Styles like slack-key guitar are well-known worldwide, while Hawaiian-tinged music is a frequent part of Hollywood soundtracks.", "Music of Hawaii __knowledge__ Hawaii also made a contribution to country music with the introduction of the steel guitar.", "Music of Hawaii __knowledge__ In addition, the music which began to be played by Puerto Ricans in Hawaii in the early 1900s is called cachi cachi music, on the islands of Hawaii.", "Folk music __knowledge__ Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival.", "Folk music __knowledge__ The term originated in the 19th century, but is often applied to music older than that.", "Folk music __knowledge__ Some types of folk music are also called world music.", "Folk music __knowledge__ Traditional folk music has been defined in several ways: as music transmitted orally, music with unknown composers, or music performed by custom over a long period of time.", "Folk music __knowledge__ It has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles.", "Folk music __knowledge__ Starting in the mid-20th century, a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music.", "Folk music __knowledge__ This process and period is called the (second) folk revival and reached a zenith in the 1960s.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ Folk rock is a music genre combining elements of folk music and rock music.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ In its earliest and narrowest sense, the term referred to a genre that arose in the United States and the United Kingdom around the mid-1960s.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The genre emerged from bands such as the Beatles, the Searchers, and the Animals in the UK, and Bob Dylan and the Byrds in the US, who played traditional folk music and songs with rock instrumentation.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The term \"folk rock\" is first noted as being used by the U.S. music press in June 1965 to describe the Byrds' music; the band's debut album was released the same month.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The commercial success of the Byrds' 1965 cover version of Dylan's \"Mr. Tambourine Man\", along with Dylan's own recordings with rock instrumentation—on the albums \"Bringing It All Back Home\" (1965), \"Highway 61 Revisited\" (1965), and \"Blonde on Blonde\" (1966)—encouraged the creation of folk rock groups in the mid-1960s.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ The folk music of England is tradition-based music, which has existed since the later medieval period.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ It is often contrasted with courtly, classical and later commercial music.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ Folk music has been preserved and transmitted orally, through print and later through recordings.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ The term is used to refer to English traditional music and music composed, or delivered, in a traditional style.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ English folk music has produced or contributed to several important musical genres, including sea shanties, jigs, hornpipes and dance music, such as that used for Morris dancing.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ It can be seen as having distinct regional and local variations in content and style, particularly in areas more removed from the cultural and political centres of the English state, as in Northumbria, or the West Country.", "Music of Norway __knowledge__ Norway is a rather sparsely populated country in Europe (5 million inhabitants in an area of some excluding Svalbard and Jan-Mayen), but even so its music and its musical life are as complex as those of most other countries.", "Music of Norway __knowledge__ Much has been learned about early music in Norway from physical artifacts found during archaeological digs.", "Music of Norway __knowledge__ These include instruments such as the lur.", "Music of Norway __knowledge__ Viking and medieval sagas also describe musical activity, as do the accounts of priests and pilgrims from all over Europe coming to visit St Olaf's grave in Trondheim.", "Music of Norway __knowledge__ In the later part of the 19th century, Norway experienced economic growth leading to greater industrialization and urbanization.", "Contemporary folk music __knowledge__ Contemporary folk music refers to a wide variety of genres that emerged in the mid 20th century and afterwards which were associated with traditional folk music.", "Contemporary folk music __knowledge__ Starting in the mid-20th century a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music.", "Contemporary folk music __knowledge__ This process and period is called the (second) folk revival and reached a zenith in the 1960s.", "Contemporary folk music __knowledge__ The most common name for this new form of music is also \"folk music\", but is often called \"contemporary folk music\" or \"folk revival music\" to make the distinction.", "Contemporary folk music __knowledge__ The transition was somewhat centered in the US and is also called the American folk music revival." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Country music __knowledge__ Country (or country and western) is a musical genre that originated in the southern United States in the early 1920s.", "Country music __knowledge__ It takes its roots from genres such as folk music (especially Appalachian folk music) and blues.", "Country music __knowledge__ Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms, folk lyric and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjos, electric and acoustic guitars, steel guitars (such as pedal steels and dobros), and fiddles as well as harmonicas.", "Country music __knowledge__ Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history.", "Country music __knowledge__ According to Lindsey Starnes, the term \"country music\" gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term \"hillbilly music\"; it came to encompass Western music, which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots, in the mid-20th century.", "Country music __knowledge__ In 2009, in the United States country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, and second most popular in the morning commute.", "Country music __knowledge__ The term \"country music\" is used today to describe many styles and subgenres.", "Country music __knowledge__ The origins of country music are the folk music of working class Americans, who blended popular songs, Irish and Celtic fiddle tunes, traditional English ballads, and cowboy songs, and various musical traditions from European immigrant communities.", "Garth Brooks __knowledge__ Troyal Garth Brooks (born February 7, 1962) is an American singer and songwriter.", "Garth Brooks __knowledge__ His integration of rock and roll elements into the country genre has earned him immense popularity in the United States.", "Garth Brooks __knowledge__ Brooks has had great success on the country single and album charts, with multi-platinum recordings and record-breaking live performances, while also crossing over into the mainstream pop arena.", "Garth Brooks __knowledge__ According to the RIAA, he is the best-selling solo albums artist in the United States with 148 million domestic units sold, ahead of Elvis Presley, and is second only to the Beatles in total album sales overall.", "Trisha Yearwood __knowledge__ Patricia Lynn Yearwood (born September 19, 1964) is an American country music singer, author, actress, and chef.", "Trisha Yearwood __knowledge__ She is known for her ballads about vulnerable young women from a perspective that has been described by music critics as \"strong\" and \"confident\".", "Trisha Yearwood __knowledge__ Yearwood is a member of the Grand Ole Opry and was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame in 2000.", "Trisha Yearwood __knowledge__ Yearwood rose to fame in 1991 with her debut single \"She's in Love with the Boy\", which became her first No.", "Trisha Yearwood __knowledge__ 1 single and was featured on her self-titled debut album.", "Trisha Yearwood __knowledge__ Yearwood has continued to find success and widespread critical acclaim, releasing a further 10 studio albums, which have spawned eight more No.", "World Tour (Garth Brooks) __knowledge__ The World Tour is a concert tour by American singers Garth Brooks and Trisha Yearwood.", "World Tour (Garth Brooks) __knowledge__ Beginning on September 4, 2014, in Rosemont, Illinois, the tour is Brooks' first in thirteen years after coming out of retirement.", "World Tour (Garth Brooks) __knowledge__ It launched in support of his 2014 studio album, \"Man Against Machine\".", "World Tour (Garth Brooks) __knowledge__ As of September 2017, the tour is on its eighth leg, having covered cities throughout the United States and Canada.", "World Tour (Garth Brooks) __knowledge__ The North American portion of the tour is expected to last through 2017, and shows in Europe, Australia, South America, and more have been reported to follow in the coming years.", "World Tour (Garth Brooks) __knowledge__ High demand has prompted multiple concerts to be added in each city, with Brooks performing two shows per night in some cases.", "Garth at Wynn __knowledge__ Garth at Wynn was a concert residency by American country pop singer Garth Brooks at the Encore Theatre in Las Vegas.", "Garth at Wynn __knowledge__ It began on December 11, 2009 and featured acoustic concerts with Brooks and Trisha Yearwood on periodic weekends until January 4, 2014.", "Garth at Wynn __knowledge__ The first mulit-concert live performances by Brooks since 1998, the 186-show residency predominantly featured a set list designed to show Brooks' music influences.", "Garth at Wynn __knowledge__ This prompted the release of Brooks' 2013 album, \"\".", "Garth at Wynn __knowledge__ Following his retirement from the music industry in 2002, Garth Brooks rarely performed outside occasional events, such as a series in and benefit concerts in .", "The Entertainer (Garth Brooks video album) __knowledge__ The Entertainer is the name of a 5 disc Garth Brooks DVD collection of previously aired television specials and music videos.", "The Entertainer (Garth Brooks video album) __knowledge__ The collection was released on November 1, 2006 and was sold exclusively at Wal-Mart and Sam's Club stores.", "The Entertainer (Garth Brooks video album) __knowledge__ Most of the footage are from different angles than seen on the original broadcast.", "The Entertainer (Garth Brooks video album) __knowledge__ The collection contains the following previously aired television specials and music videos: Discs 1, 2, 3 and 4 each contain an edited edition of a previously-aired Garth Brooks television special.", "The Entertainer (Garth Brooks video album) __knowledge__ References to Brooks' ex-wife Sandy Mahl have been edited out of all four specials, as have most of her likenesses, save a rare brief shot on disc 3.", "Friends in Low Places __knowledge__ \"Friends in Low Places\" is a song performed by American country artist Garth Brooks.", "Friends in Low Places __knowledge__ It was released on August 6, 1990 as the lead single from his album \"No Fences\".", "Friends in Low Places __knowledge__ The song spent four weeks at number one on the Hot Country Songs, and won both the Academy of Country Music and Country Music Association awards for 1990 Single of the Year.", "Friends in Low Places __knowledge__ \"Friends in Low Places\" was written in 1989 by songwriters Dewayne Blackwell and Earl Bud Lee.", "Friends in Low Places __knowledge__ The two songwriters had given the song to Brooks to record as a demo soon before the release of his self-titled first album, when he was a relatively unknown singer.", "Friends in Low Places __knowledge__ Enamored with the song, Brooks recorded the official version the next year.", "American popular music __knowledge__ American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world.", "American popular music __knowledge__ The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture, including ragtime, blues, jazz, swing, rock, bluegrass, country, R&B, doo wop, gospel, soul, funk, heavy metal, punk, disco, house, techno, salsa, grunge and hip hop.", "American popular music __knowledge__ In addition, the American music industry is quite diverse, supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco, klezmer and slack-key.", "American popular music __knowledge__ Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century, and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music, using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music.", "Blues __knowledge__ Blues is a music genre and musical form originated by African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the end of the 19th century.", "Blues __knowledge__ The genre developed from roots in African musical traditions, African-American work songs, spirituals, and the folk music of white Americans of European heritage.", "Blues __knowledge__ Blues incorporated spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts, chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads.", "Blues __knowledge__ The blues form, ubiquitous in jazz, rhythm and blues and rock and roll, is characterized by the call-and-response pattern, the blues scale and specific chord progressions, of which the twelve-bar blues is the most common.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The music of the United States reflects the country's multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ It is a mixture of music influenced by West African, Irish, Scottish and mainland European among others.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The country's most internationally renowned genres are jazz, blues, country, bluegrass, rock, rhythm and blues, soul, ragtime, hip hop, barbershop, pop, experimental, techno, house, dance, boogaloo, salsa, and rock and roll.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The United States has the world's largest music market with a total retail value of 4,898.3 million dollars in 2014, and its music is heard around the world.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained a near global audience.", "Rockabilly __knowledge__ Rockabilly is one of the earliest styles of rock and roll music, dating back to the early 1950s in the United States, especially the South.", "Rockabilly __knowledge__ As a genre it blends the sound of Western musical styles such as country with that of rhythm and blues, leading to what is considered \"classic\" rock and roll.", "Rockabilly __knowledge__ Some have also described it as a blend of bluegrass with rock and roll.", "Rockabilly __knowledge__ The term \"rockabilly\" itself is a portmanteau of \"rock\" (from \"rock 'n' roll\") and \"hillbilly\", the latter a reference to the country music (often called \"hillbilly music\" in the 1940s and 1950s) that contributed strongly to the style.", "Music history of the United States __knowledge__ The music history of the United States includes many styles of folk, popular and classical music.", "Music history of the United States __knowledge__ Some of the best-known genres of American music are blues, rock and roll, and country.", "Music history of the United States __knowledge__ The history began with the Native Americans, the first people to populate North America.", "Music history of the United States __knowledge__ The music of these people was highly varied in form, and was mostly religious in purpose.", "Music history of the United States __knowledge__ With the colonization of America from European countries like France, Spain, Scotland, England, Ireland, and Wales came Christian choirs, musical notation, broadsides, as well as West African slaves.", "Music history of the United States __knowledge__ West African slaves played a variety of instruments, especially drums and string instruments similar to the banjo.", "Johnny Ashcroft __knowledge__ Johnny Ashcroft OAM FAIHA (born 1 February 1927 in North Sydney, Australia) is a retired Australian country music entertainer, songwriter, recording artist and musician.", "Johnny Ashcroft __knowledge__ He is married to fellow performer Gay Kayler, whom he has recorded with on numerous occasions.", "Johnny Ashcroft __knowledge__ He retired from the industry in 1998, and now aged 90, resides on the Gold Coast, Queensland.", "Johnny Ashcroft __knowledge__ In 1788, Ashcroft’s great-great-great-grandfather, Marine Corporal John Gowan, arrived in Australia aboard the First Fleet's Flagship, .", "Johnny Ashcroft __knowledge__ In 1814, his great-great-grandfather and namesake, John Ashcroft, arrived in chains aboard the notorious convict ship \"Surrey\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Country music __knowledge__ Country (or country and western) is a musical genre that originated in the southern United States in the early 1920s.", "Country music __knowledge__ It takes its roots from genres such as folk music (especially Appalachian folk music) and blues.", "Country music __knowledge__ Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms, folk lyric and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjos, electric and acoustic guitars, steel guitars (such as pedal steels and dobros), and fiddles as well as harmonicas.", "Country music __knowledge__ Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history.", "Country music __knowledge__ According to Lindsey Starnes, the term \"country music\" gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term \"hillbilly music\"; it came to encompass Western music, which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots, in the mid-20th century.", "Country music __knowledge__ In 2009, in the United States country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, and second most popular in the morning commute.", "Country music __knowledge__ The term \"country music\" is used today to describe many styles and subgenres.", "Country music __knowledge__ The origins of country music are the folk music of working class Americans, who blended popular songs, Irish and Celtic fiddle tunes, traditional English ballads, and cowboy songs, and various musical traditions from European immigrant communities.", "Blake Shelton __knowledge__ Blake Tollison Shelton (born June 18, 1976) is an American country singer-songwriter and television personality.", "Blake Shelton __knowledge__ In 2001, he made his debut with the single \"Austin\".", "Blake Shelton __knowledge__ The lead-off single from his self-titled debut album, \"Austin\" spent five weeks at number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart.", "Blake Shelton __knowledge__ The now Platinum-certified debut album also produced two more top 20 entries (\"All Over Me\" and \"Ol' Red\").", "Blake Shelton __knowledge__ Although the album was released on Giant Records Nashville, he was transferred to Warner Bros. Records Nashville after Giant closed in late 2001.", "Blake Shelton __knowledge__ His second and third albums, 2003's \"The Dreamer\" and 2004's \"Blake Shelton's Barn & Grill\", are gold and platinum, respectively.", "Ashley Monroe __knowledge__ Ashley Lauren Monroe is an American country music singer-songwriter.", "Ashley Monroe __knowledge__ She has released two solo singles on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart.", "Ashley Monroe __knowledge__ The singles \"Satisfied\" and \"I Don't Want To\" (which featured Brooks & Dunn singer Ronnie Dunn) reached No.", "Ashley Monroe __knowledge__ 43 and No.", "Ashley Monroe __knowledge__ 37, respectively.", "Ashley Monroe __knowledge__ Both singles were intended to be released on Monroe's debut album, \"Satisfied\", in 2007, but the album went unreleased.", "Ashley Monroe __knowledge__ Monroe left Columbia Records' roster in late 2007, and \"Satisfied\" was finally released on May 19, 2009.", "Ashley Monroe __knowledge__ In June 2011, Monroe, Miranda Lambert and Angaleena Presley formed a band called Pistol Annies.", "Just a Fool __knowledge__ \"Just a Fool\" is a duet recorded by American singer songwriters Christina Aguilera and Blake Shelton for Aguilera's seventh studio album, \"Lotus\" (2012).", "Just a Fool __knowledge__ The track was written by Claude Kelly, Wayne Hector, and its producer Steve Robson.", "Just a Fool __knowledge__ \"Just a Fool\" was sent to contemporary hit and hot adult contemporary radio stations in the United States by RCA Records as the second and final single from the album on December 4, 2012.", "Just a Fool __knowledge__ The song is a country pop ballad which discusses the pain of a break-up.", "Just a Fool __knowledge__ It is also Aguilera's first country song.", "Just a Fool __knowledge__ Following its release, \"Just a Fool\" received mostly positive reviews from music critics, who complimented the track's sound.", "Red River Blue __knowledge__ Red River Blue is the sixth studio album by American country music artist Blake Shelton.", "Red River Blue __knowledge__ It was released on July 12, 2011, via Warner Bros. Records, and is Shelton's inaugural No.", "Red River Blue __knowledge__ 1 album on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart, debuting at the top spot on July 30, 2011.", "Red River Blue __knowledge__ Its first single, \"Honey Bee,\" peaked at number 1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart.", "Red River Blue __knowledge__ The album's second single is \"God Gave Me You\", written and originally recorded by Christian rock singer Dave Barnes.", "Red River Blue __knowledge__ The title track is a duet with Shelton's former wife and fellow country singer Miranda Lambert.", "Red River Blue __knowledge__ The album debuted on the \"Billboard\" 200 at number one with 116,000 sold in the US in its debut week.", "Craig Wayne Boyd __knowledge__ Craig Wayne Boyd is an American country singer and songwriter.", "Craig Wayne Boyd __knowledge__ A native of Dallas, Texas, Boyd is based out of and resides in Nashville, Tennessee.", "Craig Wayne Boyd __knowledge__ He is best known for winning Season 7 of NBC's reality TV singing competition \"The Voice\" as a part of Blake Shelton's team.", "Craig Wayne Boyd __knowledge__ Boyd was born and raised in the Dallas, Texas, suburb of Mesquite.", "Craig Wayne Boyd __knowledge__ He grew up influenced by gospel and country music.", "Craig Wayne Boyd __knowledge__ He played many instruments as a youth.", "Craig Wayne Boyd __knowledge__ He was also his church's choir director.", "Craig Wayne Boyd __knowledge__ Boyd moved to Nashville, Tennessee, at the age of 25 in 2004 to pursue a career in country music.", "Craig Wayne Boyd __knowledge__ Boyd was signed to a publishing deal with EMI.", "Blake Shelton discography __knowledge__ The American singer Blake Shelton has released eleven studio albums, three extended plays, four compilation albums, and thirty-seven singles.", "Blake Shelton discography __knowledge__ His debut album, \"Blake Shelton\", was released and featured the number 1 single \"Austin\".", "Blake Shelton discography __knowledge__ It also produced another two Top 40 hits on the Hot Country Songs chart.", "Blake Shelton discography __knowledge__ The album has since been certified Platinum and was his only album for Giant Records.", "Blake Shelton discography __knowledge__ Shelton's next album was released in 2003 on Warner Bros. Nashville.", "Blake Shelton discography __knowledge__ It was \"The Dreamer\".", "Blake Shelton discography __knowledge__ Likewise it had a number 1 song, \"The Baby\", and featured two other top 40 singles.", "Blake Shelton discography __knowledge__ \"Blake Shelton's Barn & Grill\" was released in 2004.", "The Voice (U.S. season 5) __knowledge__ The fifth season of the American reality talent show \"The Voice\" premiered on September 23, 2013 on NBC.", "The Voice (U.S. season 5) __knowledge__ Adam Levine and Blake Shelton returned as coaches, while CeeLo Green and Christina Aguilera returned after being replaced by Usher and Shakira in season four.", "The Voice (U.S. season 5) __knowledge__ The team sizes for the season are 12 members.", "The Voice (U.S. season 5) __knowledge__ The season is also the first to feature steals in the knockout rounds.", "The Voice (U.S. season 5) __knowledge__ Carson Daly returned to host the show, but Christina Milian did not return as the social media correspondent.", "The Voice (U.S. season 5) __knowledge__ In February 2014, Green announced he would not return to \"The Voice\", making this his final season.", "The Voice (U.S. season 5) __knowledge__ This season is also notable for being the only season in which Blake Shelton did not place an artist into the finale.", "Jolin Tsai __knowledge__ Jolin Tsai (; ; born September 15, 1980) is a Taiwanese singer, songwriter, dancer, actress, and businesswoman.", "Jolin Tsai __knowledge__ Known for reinventing both her music and image, she is cited as a huge role of popularizing dance music as mainstream music in Greater China.", "Jolin Tsai __knowledge__ Referred to as the \"Queen of C-pop\", \"Asia's Dancing Queen\", and \"Asian Madonna\", she has achieved popularity in Chinese-speaking world by releasing a series of commercially and critically successful albums and has a dedicated fanbase worldwide.", "Jolin Tsai __knowledge__ Born and raised in Taiwan, Tsai began her singing career by winning the champion at an MTV singing competition in 1998.", "Regine Velasquez __knowledge__ Regina Encarnacion Ansong Velasquez (; born April 22, 1970) is a Filipino singer, actress and record producer.", "Regine Velasquez __knowledge__ She gained recognition by winning both the 1984 Ang Bagong Kampeon and the 1989 Asia-Pacific Song Contest, representing the Philippines in the latter.", "Regine Velasquez __knowledge__ Velasquez rose to fame with the release of \"Kung Maibabalik Ko Lang\" from her self-titled debut album in 1987.", "Regine Velasquez __knowledge__ The album was generally well received and produced two more singles, \"Urong Sulong\" and \"Isang Lahi\", that established her as a commercially viable Filipino pop artist.", "Regine Velasquez __knowledge__ Velasquez signed a recording contract with Polygram Records in 1994 and released \"Listen Without Prejudice\", marking her debut as an up-and-coming artist in the Southeast and East Asian region.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Maria Callas, Commendatore OMRI (; December 2, 1923 – September 16, 1977), was a Greek-American soprano, and one of the most renowned and influential opera singers of the 20th century.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Many critics praised her \"bel canto\" technique, wide-ranging voice and dramatic interpretations.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her repertoire ranged from classical \"opera seria\" to the \"bel canto\" operas of Donizetti, Bellini and Rossini and further, to the works of Verdi and Puccini; and, in her early career, to the music dramas of Wagner.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her musical and dramatic talents led to her being hailed as \"La Divina\".", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Born in New York City and raised by an overbearing mother, she received her musical education in Greece and established her career in Italy.", "Utada Hikaru __knowledge__ , who also goes by the mononym Utada (), is a Japanese-American singer-songwriter.", "Utada Hikaru __knowledge__ She debuted under the stage name \"Cubic U\" in 1998, releasing the English-language album \"Precious\", but rose to prominence in 1999 with the release of her second album (and first Japanese-language release), \"First Love\", which sold over eight million copies in Japan and became the best selling Japanese-language album of all time.", "Utada Hikaru __knowledge__ She formerly held the record for the highest first-week sales of an album in a single territory, as her \"Distance\" album sold over 3 million copies in Japan during the week of March 28, 2001.", "List of awards and nominations received by Jolin Tsai __knowledge__ Taiwanese singer Jolin Tsai () has received numerous awards and nominations domestically and internationally.", "List of awards and nominations received by Jolin Tsai __knowledge__ After winning the champion at an MTV singing competition, she released her debut album, \"1019\" (1999), by Universal Music Taiwan.", "List of awards and nominations received by Jolin Tsai __knowledge__ \"1019\" was followed by a series of hit singles from her studio albums, \"Don't Stop\" (2000) and \"Show Your Love\" (2000), which gave her general public recognition.", "List of awards and nominations received by Jolin Tsai __knowledge__ Tsai became a \"Teenage Boy Killer\" for her sweet and young image, which became an instant hit among teenagers.", "List of awards and nominations received by Jolin Tsai __knowledge__ She won the award for International Viewer's Choice for her music video at the 2001 MTV Video Music Awards for the music video of \"Fall in Love with a Street\".", "Cover version __knowledge__ In popular music, a cover version , cover song, or simply cover, is a new performance or recording of a previously recorded, commercially released song by someone other than the original artist or composer.", "Cover version __knowledge__ Before the onset of rock 'n' roll in the 1950s, songs were published and several records of a song might be brought out by singers of the day, each giving it their individual treatment.", "Cover version __knowledge__ Cover versions could also be released as an effort to revive the song's popularity among younger generations of listeners after the popularity of the original version has long since declined over the years.", "Cover version __knowledge__ On occasion, a cover can become more popular than the original, such as Elvis Presley's version of Carl Perkins' original \"Blue Suede Shoes\", Santana's 1970 version of Peter Green's and Fleetwood Mac's 1968 \"Black Magic Woman\", Johnny Cash's version of Nine Inch Nails' \"Hurt,\" Whitney Houston's version of Dolly Parton's \"I Will Always Love You\", or Jimi Hendrix's version of Bob Dylan's \"All Along the Watchtower\".", "Josh White __knowledge__ Joshua Daniel White (February 11, 1914 – September 5, 1969) was an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, actor and civil rights activist.", "Josh White __knowledge__ He also recorded under the names Pinewood Tom and Tippy Barton in the 1930s.", "Josh White __knowledge__ White grew up in the South during the 1920s and 1930s.", "Josh White __knowledge__ He became a prominent race records artist, with a prolific output of recordings in genres including Piedmont blues, country blues, gospel music, and social protest songs.", "Josh White __knowledge__ In 1931, White moved to New York, and within a decade his fame had spread widely.", "Josh White __knowledge__ His repertoire expanded to include urban blues, jazz, traditional folk songs, and political protest songs, and he was in demand as an actor on radio, Broadway, and film." ] ]

[ 2, 4, 9, 17 ]

[ "I love country music the background comes from folk music.", "I like modern country style a little better being I'm much younger but older country music is still great and the blues modes it using is legendary. ", "Yes I have heard his music he is a great singer and song writer is he your favorite artist? ", "I love Ashley Moore when she released Satisfied and I Don't Want To song was just awesome I felt every word in those lyrics. " ]

[ "Country music", "Country music", "Country music", "Country music" ]

[ "Chocolate cake\nI really like cake, but I think I like chocolate cake the most!", "Of course, otherwise it wouldn't even taste like chocolate! Unless it is chocolate syrup or something.", "Wow that's so long ago! They have really perfected it over the years.", "Discovered is a weird way to put it, since someone baked it they didn't quite unearth it haha." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ Chocolate cake or Chocolate gateau (from French: \"gâteau au chocolat\") is a cake flavored with melted chocolate, cocoa powder, or both.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ Chocolate cake is made with chocolate; it can be made with other ingredients, as well.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ These ingredients include fudge, vanilla creme, and other sweeteners.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ The history of chocolate cake goes back to 1764, when Dr. James Baker discovered how to make chocolate by grinding cocoa beans between two massive circular millstones.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ In 1828, Conrad Van Houten of the Netherlands developed a mechanical extraction method for extracting the fat from cacao liquor resulting in cacao butter and the partly defatted cacao, a compacted mass of solids that could be sold as it was \"rock cacao\" or ground into powder.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ The processes transformed chocolate from an exclusive luxury to an inexpensive daily snack.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ A process for making silkier and smoother chocolate called conching was developed in 1879 by Rodolphe Lindt and made it easier to bake with chocolate, as it amalgamates smoothly and completely with cake batters.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ Until 1890 to 1900, chocolate recipes were mostly for chocolate drinks, and its presence in cakes was only in fillings and glazes.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ In 1886, American cooks began adding chocolate to the cake batter, to make the first chocolate cakes in the US.", "Devil's food cake __knowledge__ Devil's food cake is a moist, airy, rich chocolate layer cake.", "Devil's food cake __knowledge__ It is considered a counterpart to the white or yellow angel food cake.", "Devil's food cake __knowledge__ Because of differing recipes and changing ingredient availability over the course of the 20th century, it is difficult to precisely qualify what distinguishes devil's food from the more standard chocolate cake, though it traditionally has more chocolate than a regular chocolate cake, making it darker.", "Devil's food cake __knowledge__ The cake is usually paired with a rich chocolate frosting.", "Devil's food cake __knowledge__ Devil's food cake is commonly a dense, rich chocolate cake, quite different from other chocolate cakes such as the German chocolate cake.", "German chocolate cake __knowledge__ German chocolate cake, originally German's chocolate cake, is a layered chocolate cake from the United States filled and topped with a coconut-pecan frosting.", "German chocolate cake __knowledge__ It owes its name to an English-American chocolate maker named Samuel German, who developed a formulation of dark baking chocolate that came to be used in the cake recipe.", "German chocolate cake __knowledge__ Sweet baking chocolate is traditionally used for the chocolate flavor in the actual cake, but few recipes call for it today.", "German chocolate cake __knowledge__ The filling and/or topping is a custard made with egg yolks and evaporated milk; once the custard is cooked, coconut and pecans are stirred in.", "German chocolate cake __knowledge__ Occasionally, a chocolate frosting is spread on the sides of the cake and piped around the circumference of the layers to hold in the filling.", "Sachertorte __knowledge__ Sachertorte () is a specific type of chocolate cake, or torte, invented by Austrian Franz Sacher in 1832 for Prince Wenzel von Metternich in Vienna, Austria.", "Sachertorte __knowledge__ It is one of the most famous Viennese culinary specialties.", "Sachertorte __knowledge__ 5 December is National Sachertorte Day.", "Sachertorte __knowledge__ Recipes similar to that of the Sachertorte appeared as early as the 18th century, one instance being in the 1718 cookbook of Conrad Hagger, another individual represented in Gartler-Hickmann's 1749 \"Tried and True Viennese Cookbook\" (\"Wienerisches bewährtes Kochbuch\").", "Sachertorte __knowledge__ In 1832, Prince Wenzel von Metternich charged his personal chef with creating a special dessert for several important guests.", "Flourless chocolate cake __knowledge__ A flourless chocolate cake is a dense \"fallen\" cake made from an aerated chocolate custard.", "Flourless chocolate cake __knowledge__ Whole eggs are whipped to a foam in a manner similar to a Génoise cake, using low heat from the melted chocolate to stabilize the protein matrix.", "Flourless chocolate cake __knowledge__ The resulting batter contains only the starch naturally present in the chocolate, and is baked in a bain-marie.", "Flourless chocolate cake __knowledge__ Flourless chocolate cake is a popular dessert in gluten-free diets.", "Flourless chocolate cake __knowledge__ A similar cake with little or no flour in which the egg matrix is allowed to collapse is known as \"fallen\" or \"molten\" chocolate cake and was popularized by, among others, Jean-Georges Vongerichten's restaurants.", "Shanks & Bigfoot __knowledge__ Shanks & Bigfoot were a British duo of UK garage producers Steven Meade and Danny Langsman, known principally for their single \"Sweet Like Chocolate\", which topped the UK Singles Chart in 1999.", "Shanks & Bigfoot __knowledge__ They were originally known as Doolally, recording the pirate anthem \"Straight from the Heart\" under this name in 1998.", "Shanks & Bigfoot __knowledge__ Upon its first release, \"Straight from the Heart\" peaked at number twenty on the UK chart.", "Shanks & Bigfoot __knowledge__ It was subsequently re-released in 1999 on the back of their chart success with \"Sweet Like Chocolate\", and reached number nine on the chart.", "Shanks & Bigfoot __knowledge__ The single \"Sweet Like Chocolate\" was a success even before commercial release, receiving months of club play before debuting at number one on the UK Singles Chart, where it remained for two weeks.", "My Friend the Chocolate Cake __knowledge__ My Friend The Chocolate Cake is an Australian musical group based in Melbourne.", "My Friend the Chocolate Cake __knowledge__ They have recorded seven albums since being founded in 1989 by David Bridie and Helen Mountfort.", "My Friend the Chocolate Cake __knowledge__ The band has won two ARIA Music Awards for Best Adult Contemporary Album, for \"Brood\" in 1995 and \"Good Luck\" in 1997.", "My Friend the Chocolate Cake __knowledge__ Bridie and Mountfort had been members of the internationally acclaimed ambient/world music ensemble Not Drowning, Waving since 1983.", "My Friend the Chocolate Cake __knowledge__ In 1989, Bridie took a holiday in New Zealand and wrote \"a few more breezy compositions\" that did not fit into the Not Drowning, Waving style.", "My Friend the Chocolate Cake __knowledge__ The side-project that he and Mountfort formed that year, My Friend The Chocolate Cake, took its name from a song title by an obscure Sydney band Ya Ya Coralle." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ Chocolate cake or Chocolate gateau (from French: \"gâteau au chocolat\") is a cake flavored with melted chocolate, cocoa powder, or both.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ Chocolate cake is made with chocolate; it can be made with other ingredients, as well.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ These ingredients include fudge, vanilla creme, and other sweeteners.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ The history of chocolate cake goes back to 1764, when Dr. James Baker discovered how to make chocolate by grinding cocoa beans between two massive circular millstones.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ In 1828, Conrad Van Houten of the Netherlands developed a mechanical extraction method for extracting the fat from cacao liquor resulting in cacao butter and the partly defatted cacao, a compacted mass of solids that could be sold as it was \"rock cacao\" or ground into powder.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ The processes transformed chocolate from an exclusive luxury to an inexpensive daily snack.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ A process for making silkier and smoother chocolate called conching was developed in 1879 by Rodolphe Lindt and made it easier to bake with chocolate, as it amalgamates smoothly and completely with cake batters.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ Until 1890 to 1900, chocolate recipes were mostly for chocolate drinks, and its presence in cakes was only in fillings and glazes.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ In 1886, American cooks began adding chocolate to the cake batter, to make the first chocolate cakes in the US.", "Chocolate syrup __knowledge__ Chocolate syrup is a sweet, chocolate-flavored condiment.", "Chocolate syrup __knowledge__ It is often used as a topping or dessert sauce for various desserts, such as ice cream, or mixed with milk to make chocolate milk or blended with milk and ice cream to make a chocolate milkshake.", "Chocolate syrup __knowledge__ Chocolate syrup is sold in a variety of consistencies, ranging from a thin liquid that can be drizzled from a bottle to a thick sauce that needs to be spooned onto the dessert item.", "Chocolate syrup __knowledge__ Chocolate syrup is also used to top puddings and cakes.", "Chocolate syrup __knowledge__ Some restaurants use an artistic drizzling of chocolate syrup to decorate servings of cheesecake or cake, along with other decorations such as cocoa powder, powdered sugar or chocolate shavings.", "Milkshake __knowledge__ A milkshake is a sweet, cold beverage which is usually made from milk, ice cream, or iced milk, and flavorings or sweeteners such as butterscotch, caramel sauce, chocolate syrup, or fruit syrup.", "Milkshake __knowledge__ Outside the United States, milkshakes using ice cream or iced milk are sometimes called a thick milkshake or thick shake; in New England, the term frappe may be used to differentiate it from thinner forms of flavored milk.", "Milkshake __knowledge__ Full-service restaurants, soda fountains, and diners usually prepare and mix the shake \"by hand\" from scoops of ice cream and milk in a blender or drink mixer using a stainless steel cup.", "List of coffee drinks __knowledge__ Coffee drinks are made by brewing hot water (or much less commonly, cold water) with ground coffee beans.", "List of coffee drinks __knowledge__ The brewing is either done slowly by drip or filter, French press or \"cafetière\", percolator, etc., or done very quickly under pressure by an espresso machine, where the coffee is termed \"espresso\"—slow-brewed coffees are generally regarded simply as \"coffee\".", "List of coffee drinks __knowledge__ All coffee drinks are based on either coffee or espresso, in different strengths; some drinks have milk or cream added, some use steamed milk, cream, plant based milk, or foamed milk, some have flavorings or sweeteners, some have alcoholic liqueurs added, some are combinations of coffee with espresso or tea.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate, also known as hot cocoa, drinking chocolate or just cocoa is a heated beverage consisting of shaved chocolate, melted chocolate or cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and usually a sweetener.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate may be topped with whipped cream.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate made with melted chocolate is sometimes called drinking chocolate, characterized by less sweetness and a thicker consistency.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ The first chocolate beverage is believed to have been created by the Mayans around 2,500-3,000 years ago, and a cocoa beverage was an essential part of Aztec culture by 1400 AD, by which they referred to as xocōlātl.", "Candy __knowledge__ Candy, also called sweets or lollies, is a confection that features sugar as a principal ingredient.", "Candy __knowledge__ The category, called \"sugar confectionery\", encompasses any sweet confection, including chocolate, chewing gum, and sugar candy.", "Candy __knowledge__ Vegetables, fruit, or nuts which have been glazed and coated with sugar are said to be \"candied\".", "Candy __knowledge__ Physically, candy is characterized by the use of a significant amount of sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Candy __knowledge__ Unlike a cake or loaf of bread that would be shared among many people, candies are usually made in smaller pieces.", "Candy __knowledge__ However, the definition of candy also depends upon how people treat the food.", "Sundae __knowledge__ The sundae () is a sweet ice cream dessert.", "Sundae __knowledge__ It typically consists of one or more scoops of ice cream topped with sauce or syrup, and in some cases other toppings including sprinkles, whipped cream, peanuts, maraschino cherries, or other fruits (e.g., bananas and pineapple in a banana split.).", "Sundae __knowledge__ According to the \"Oxford English Dictionary\", the origin of the term \"sundae\" is obscure; however, it is generally accepted that the spelling \"sundae\" derives from the English word \"Sunday\".", "Sundae __knowledge__ Among the many stories about the invention of the sundae, a frequent theme is that the ice cream sundae was a variation of the popular ice cream soda.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Flourless chocolate cake __knowledge__ A flourless chocolate cake is a dense \"fallen\" cake made from an aerated chocolate custard.", "Flourless chocolate cake __knowledge__ Whole eggs are whipped to a foam in a manner similar to a Génoise cake, using low heat from the melted chocolate to stabilize the protein matrix.", "Flourless chocolate cake __knowledge__ The resulting batter contains only the starch naturally present in the chocolate, and is baked in a bain-marie.", "Flourless chocolate cake __knowledge__ Flourless chocolate cake is a popular dessert in gluten-free diets.", "Flourless chocolate cake __knowledge__ A similar cake with little or no flour in which the egg matrix is allowed to collapse is known as \"fallen\" or \"molten\" chocolate cake and was popularized by, among others, Jean-Georges Vongerichten's restaurants.", "Devil's food cake __knowledge__ Devil's food cake is a moist, airy, rich chocolate layer cake.", "Devil's food cake __knowledge__ It is considered a counterpart to the white or yellow angel food cake.", "Devil's food cake __knowledge__ Because of differing recipes and changing ingredient availability over the course of the 20th century, it is difficult to precisely qualify what distinguishes devil's food from the more standard chocolate cake, though it traditionally has more chocolate than a regular chocolate cake, making it darker.", "Devil's food cake __knowledge__ The cake is usually paired with a rich chocolate frosting.", "Devil's food cake __knowledge__ Devil's food cake is commonly a dense, rich chocolate cake, quite different from other chocolate cakes such as the German chocolate cake.", "Fondue __knowledge__ Fondue (pronounced in British English; in American English usually ; ) is a Swiss dish of melted cheese served in a communal pot (\"caquelon\" or fondue pot) over a portable stove (\"réchaud\") heated with a candle or spirit lamp, and eaten by dipping bread into the cheese using long-stemmed forks.", "Fondue __knowledge__ It was promoted as a Swiss national dish by the Swiss Cheese Union (Schweizerische Käseunion) in the 1930s, and was popularized in North America in the 1960s.", "Fondue __knowledge__ Since the 1950s, the name \"fondue\" has been generalized to other dishes in which a food is dipped into a communal pot of liquid kept hot in a fondue pot: chocolate fondue, in which pieces of fruit or pastry are dipped into a melted chocolate mixture, and \"fondue bourguignonne\", in which pieces of meat are cooked in hot oil or broth.", "German chocolate cake __knowledge__ German chocolate cake, originally German's chocolate cake, is a layered chocolate cake from the United States filled and topped with a coconut-pecan frosting.", "German chocolate cake __knowledge__ It owes its name to an English-American chocolate maker named Samuel German, who developed a formulation of dark baking chocolate that came to be used in the cake recipe.", "German chocolate cake __knowledge__ Sweet baking chocolate is traditionally used for the chocolate flavor in the actual cake, but few recipes call for it today.", "German chocolate cake __knowledge__ The filling and/or topping is a custard made with egg yolks and evaporated milk; once the custard is cooked, coconut and pecans are stirred in.", "German chocolate cake __knowledge__ Occasionally, a chocolate frosting is spread on the sides of the cake and piped around the circumference of the layers to hold in the filling.", "Molten chocolate cake __knowledge__ Molten chocolate cake is a popular dessert that combines the elements of a flourless chocolate cake and a soufflé.", "Molten chocolate cake __knowledge__ The name derives from the dessert's liquid chocolate center chocolate \"moelleux\" and chocolate lava cake..", "Molten chocolate cake __knowledge__ It should not be confused with chocolate fondant, a recipe that contains little flour, but instead a lot of chocolate and butter, hence melting on the palate (but not on the plate).", "Molten chocolate cake __knowledge__ The United States-based chef Jean-Georges Vongerichten claims to have invented molten chocolate cake in New York City in 1987, but the French chef and chocolatier Jacques Torres disputes this, arguing that such a dish already existed in France." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ Chocolate cake or Chocolate gateau (from French: \"gâteau au chocolat\") is a cake flavored with melted chocolate, cocoa powder, or both.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ Chocolate cake is made with chocolate; it can be made with other ingredients, as well.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ These ingredients include fudge, vanilla creme, and other sweeteners.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ The history of chocolate cake goes back to 1764, when Dr. James Baker discovered how to make chocolate by grinding cocoa beans between two massive circular millstones.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ In 1828, Conrad Van Houten of the Netherlands developed a mechanical extraction method for extracting the fat from cacao liquor resulting in cacao butter and the partly defatted cacao, a compacted mass of solids that could be sold as it was \"rock cacao\" or ground into powder.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ The processes transformed chocolate from an exclusive luxury to an inexpensive daily snack.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ A process for making silkier and smoother chocolate called conching was developed in 1879 by Rodolphe Lindt and made it easier to bake with chocolate, as it amalgamates smoothly and completely with cake batters.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ Until 1890 to 1900, chocolate recipes were mostly for chocolate drinks, and its presence in cakes was only in fillings and glazes.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ In 1886, American cooks began adding chocolate to the cake batter, to make the first chocolate cakes in the US.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Unleashed (Bow Wow album) __knowledge__ Unleashed is the third studio album by American rapper Bow Wow.", "Unleashed (Bow Wow album) __knowledge__ It was released on August 19, 2003, by Columbia Records.", "Unleashed (Bow Wow album) __knowledge__ The album features guest appearances from Amerie, Baby, Mario and Jagged Edge, with its production handled by Bink!, The Neptunes, Jazze Pha, Swizz Beatz and Lil Jon, among others.", "Unleashed (Bow Wow album) __knowledge__ It is Bow Wow's first album without assistance or production from his mentor Jermaine Dupri, and where he dropped the 'Lil' from his stage name after his film debut in \"Like Mike\" (2002).", "Unleashed (Bow Wow album) __knowledge__ \"Unleashed\" received mixed reviews from critics, who felt that despite the changes in flow, production and lyrics, Bow Wow didn't distinguish himself enough to stand out from other rappers.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Let's Get Down (Bow Wow song) __knowledge__ \"Let's Get Down\" is a song by American rapper Bow Wow, released on June 24, 2003 as the first single off his third album \"Unleashed\" (2003).", "Let's Get Down (Bow Wow song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Shad Moss, Phalon Alexander, Rahman Griffin and a then-unknown T.I..", "Let's Get Down (Bow Wow song) __knowledge__ It was produced by Jazze Pha and features rapper Birdman under his former alias \"Baby\".", "Let's Get Down (Bow Wow song) __knowledge__ It's the first song to be released by Bow Wow without the \"Lil'\" moniker in his name after making his film debut in 2002's \"Like Mike\" and releasing his cover of \"Basketball\" for the film's soundtrack.", "Let's Get Down (Bow Wow song) __knowledge__ Bow Wow said that following the name change, he wanted to do the same with his music by contributing more into the songwriting process of the album and release a single that matched his new image.", "Zhen'gao __knowledge__ The 499 CE Zhen'gao or Zhengao (真誥, Declarations of the Perfected) is the Shangqing Daoist patriarch Tao Hongjing's comprehensive collection of poetry and prose from the original \"Shangqing revelations\", which were supposedly given to the mystic Yang Xi by a group of Daoist \"zhenren\" Perfected Ones from 364 to 370.", "Zhen'gao __knowledge__ This classic text has long been famous both as a foundational text of religious Daoism and as a brilliant exemplar of medieval Chinese poetry.", "Zhen'gao __knowledge__ The \"Zhengao\" is a compendium of Shangqing Daoist materials transmitted by the Eastern Jin dynasty scholar and mystic Yang Xi (330-c. 386) and his patrons Xu Mi (許谧, 303-376) and Xu Hui (許翽, 341-c. 370).", "Devil's food cake __knowledge__ Devil's food cake is a moist, airy, rich chocolate layer cake.", "Devil's food cake __knowledge__ It is considered a counterpart to the white or yellow angel food cake.", "Devil's food cake __knowledge__ Because of differing recipes and changing ingredient availability over the course of the 20th century, it is difficult to precisely qualify what distinguishes devil's food from the more standard chocolate cake, though it traditionally has more chocolate than a regular chocolate cake, making it darker.", "Devil's food cake __knowledge__ The cake is usually paired with a rich chocolate frosting.", "Devil's food cake __knowledge__ Devil's food cake is commonly a dense, rich chocolate cake, quite different from other chocolate cakes such as the German chocolate cake.", "German chocolate cake __knowledge__ German chocolate cake, originally German's chocolate cake, is a layered chocolate cake from the United States filled and topped with a coconut-pecan frosting.", "German chocolate cake __knowledge__ It owes its name to an English-American chocolate maker named Samuel German, who developed a formulation of dark baking chocolate that came to be used in the cake recipe.", "German chocolate cake __knowledge__ Sweet baking chocolate is traditionally used for the chocolate flavor in the actual cake, but few recipes call for it today.", "German chocolate cake __knowledge__ The filling and/or topping is a custard made with egg yolks and evaporated milk; once the custard is cooked, coconut and pecans are stirred in.", "German chocolate cake __knowledge__ Occasionally, a chocolate frosting is spread on the sides of the cake and piped around the circumference of the layers to hold in the filling.", "Raisin cake __knowledge__ Raisin cake is a type of cake that is prepared using raisins as a main ingredient.", "Raisin cake __knowledge__ Additional ingredients are sometimes used, such as chocolate and rum.", "Raisin cake __knowledge__ Raisin cake dates back to at least the time of the reign of David, circa 1010–970 BCE.", "Raisin cake __knowledge__ Boiled raisin cake is prepared by boiling various ingredients and then baking the mix in an oven.", "Raisin cake __knowledge__ It dates back to at least the time of the American Civil War (1861–1865).", "Raisin cake __knowledge__ Raisin cake is typically prepared using standard cake ingredients and raisins as a primary ingredient.", "Raisin cake __knowledge__ Whole or chopped raisins can be used.", "Raisin cake __knowledge__ Additional various ingredients are also sometimes used, such as rum, chocolate, and others.", "Applesauce cake __knowledge__ Applesauce cake is a dessert cake prepared using apple sauce, flour and sugar as primary ingredients.", "Applesauce cake __knowledge__ Various spices are typically used, and it tends to be a moist cake.", "Applesauce cake __knowledge__ Applesauce cake prepared with chunky-style apple sauce may be less moist.", "Applesauce cake __knowledge__ Several additional ingredients may also be used in its preparation, and it is sometimes prepared and served as a coffee cake.", "Applesauce cake __knowledge__ The cake dates back to early colonial times in the United States.", "Applesauce cake __knowledge__ National Applesauce Cake Day occurs annually on June 6 in the U.S.", "Applesauce cake __knowledge__ The preparation of applesauce cake dates back to early colonial times in the New England Colonies of the northeastern United States.", "Flourless chocolate cake __knowledge__ A flourless chocolate cake is a dense \"fallen\" cake made from an aerated chocolate custard.", "Flourless chocolate cake __knowledge__ Whole eggs are whipped to a foam in a manner similar to a Génoise cake, using low heat from the melted chocolate to stabilize the protein matrix.", "Flourless chocolate cake __knowledge__ The resulting batter contains only the starch naturally present in the chocolate, and is baked in a bain-marie.", "Flourless chocolate cake __knowledge__ Flourless chocolate cake is a popular dessert in gluten-free diets.", "Flourless chocolate cake __knowledge__ A similar cake with little or no flour in which the egg matrix is allowed to collapse is known as \"fallen\" or \"molten\" chocolate cake and was popularized by, among others, Jean-Georges Vongerichten's restaurants.", "My Friend the Chocolate Cake __knowledge__ My Friend The Chocolate Cake is an Australian musical group based in Melbourne.", "My Friend the Chocolate Cake __knowledge__ They have recorded seven albums since being founded in 1989 by David Bridie and Helen Mountfort.", "My Friend the Chocolate Cake __knowledge__ The band has won two ARIA Music Awards for Best Adult Contemporary Album, for \"Brood\" in 1995 and \"Good Luck\" in 1997.", "My Friend the Chocolate Cake __knowledge__ Bridie and Mountfort had been members of the internationally acclaimed ambient/world music ensemble Not Drowning, Waving since 1983.", "My Friend the Chocolate Cake __knowledge__ In 1989, Bridie took a holiday in New Zealand and wrote \"a few more breezy compositions\" that did not fit into the Not Drowning, Waving style.", "My Friend the Chocolate Cake __knowledge__ The side-project that he and Mountfort formed that year, My Friend The Chocolate Cake, took its name from a song title by an obscure Sydney band Ya Ya Coralle." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ Chocolate cake or Chocolate gateau (from French: \"gâteau au chocolat\") is a cake flavored with melted chocolate, cocoa powder, or both.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ Chocolate cake is made with chocolate; it can be made with other ingredients, as well.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ These ingredients include fudge, vanilla creme, and other sweeteners.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ The history of chocolate cake goes back to 1764, when Dr. James Baker discovered how to make chocolate by grinding cocoa beans between two massive circular millstones.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ In 1828, Conrad Van Houten of the Netherlands developed a mechanical extraction method for extracting the fat from cacao liquor resulting in cacao butter and the partly defatted cacao, a compacted mass of solids that could be sold as it was \"rock cacao\" or ground into powder.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ The processes transformed chocolate from an exclusive luxury to an inexpensive daily snack.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ A process for making silkier and smoother chocolate called conching was developed in 1879 by Rodolphe Lindt and made it easier to bake with chocolate, as it amalgamates smoothly and completely with cake batters.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ Until 1890 to 1900, chocolate recipes were mostly for chocolate drinks, and its presence in cakes was only in fillings and glazes.", "Chocolate cake __knowledge__ In 1886, American cooks began adding chocolate to the cake batter, to make the first chocolate cakes in the US.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Ha Dong-hoon (; born on August 20, 1979), better known by his stage name Haha (), is a South Korean singer, variety show host and member of Skull & Haha.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the sitcom, \"Nonstop\" and for co-hosting two popular variety programs, MBC's \"Infinite Challenge\" and SBS's \"Running Man\".", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He has also hosted his own show, titled \"Ya Man TV\" on Mnet in 2015.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Haha was born on August 20, 1979 in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany and moved to Seoul, South Korea when he was an infant.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ His parents are both Korean, with his mother holding a doctorate in psychology, and he has an older sister, Ha Juri () who is a pianist, also with a doctorate.", ""Weird Al" Yankovic __knowledge__ Alfred Matthew \"Weird Al\" Yankovic ( ; born October 23, 1959) is an American singer, songwriter, parodist, record producer, satirist, actor, voice actor, music video director, film producer, and author.", ""Weird Al" Yankovic __knowledge__ He is known for his humorous songs that make light of popular culture and often parody specific songs by contemporary musical acts, original songs that are style pastiches of the work of other acts, and polka medleys of several popular songs, featuring his favored instrument, the accordion.", ""Weird Al" Yankovic __knowledge__ Since his first-aired comedy song in 1976, he has sold more than 12 million albums (), recorded more than 150 parody and original songs, and has performed more than 1,000 live shows.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ The following is list of characters the appear in the cartoon series, \"Generator Rex\".", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ Ricardo \"Rex\" Salazar is a young human-looking E.V.O, but unlike other E.V.O.s, Rex has the ability to control his nanites at will, allowing him to cure other E.V.O.s of their mutations and use his nanites to create a variety of machines on his body and communicate with a variety of machines.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ Rex is overconfident, impulsive, and typically, rebellious.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ He has a quick wit and is constantly making jokes.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ However, when Rex needs to defend himself, he doesn't hold back.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ He prefers to smash anything that gets in his way.", "Unearth __knowledge__ Unearth is an American metalcore band from Boston, Massachusetts.", "Unearth __knowledge__ Formed in 1998, the group has released six studio albums.", "Unearth __knowledge__ Unearth was formed by Trevor Phipps, Buz McGrath, Ken Susi, Mike Rudberg, and Chris Rybicki in Lynn, Massachusetts in 1998.", "Unearth __knowledge__ The band began as Point 04 (containing McGrath, Rudberg, and Rybicki), and Susi was recruited soon afterwards.", "Unearth __knowledge__ The band attempted to recruit Phipps while he recovered from appendicitis, but Phipps was reluctant to join.", "Unearth __knowledge__ However, when Phipps showed up to a jam session for one of Susi's side bands, Unearth was practicing instead, and Phipps agreed to join after hearing the song \"Shattered by the Sun.\"", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Jennifer's Body __knowledge__ Jennifer's Body is a 2009 supernatural horror black comedy film written by Diablo Cody and directed by Karyn Kusama.", "Jennifer's Body __knowledge__ The film stars Megan Fox, Amanda Seyfried, Johnny Simmons, and Adam Brody.", "Jennifer's Body __knowledge__ Fox portrays a demonically possessed high school girl who kills her male classmates, with her best friend striving to stop her.", "Jennifer's Body __knowledge__ The film premiered at the 2009 Toronto International Film Festival and was released in the United States and Canada on September 18, 2009.", "Jennifer's Body __knowledge__ The title is a reference to the song of the same name by alternative rock band Hole on their album \"Live Through This\".", "Jennifer's Body __knowledge__ As a tie-in to the film, Boom!", "James Baker __knowledge__ James Addison Baker III (born April 28, 1930) is an American attorney and political figure.", "James Baker __knowledge__ He served as White House Chief of Staff and United States Secretary of the Treasury under President Ronald Reagan, and as U.S. Secretary of State and White House Chief of Staff under President George H. W. Bush.", "James Baker __knowledge__ Born in Houston, Baker attended The Hill School and Princeton University before serving in the United States Marine Corps.", "James Baker __knowledge__ After graduating from the University of Texas School of Law, he pursued a legal career.", "James Baker __knowledge__ He became a close friend of George H. W. Bush and worked for Bush's unsuccessful 1970 campaign for the United States Senate.", "James A. Baker Sr. __knowledge__ James Addison Baker Sr. (aka Captain James A. Baker January 10, 1857 – August 2, 1941) was an American attorney and banker in Houston, Texas.", "James A. Baker Sr. __knowledge__ Baker was the grandfather of President Ronald Reagan's Chief of Staff, James Addison Baker III.", "James A. Baker Sr. __knowledge__ Baker's father was an early partner of the Houston-based international law firm, Baker Botts, joining in 1872.", "James A. Baker Sr. __knowledge__ Baker became a partner with the firm as well.", "James A. Baker Sr. __knowledge__ Baker was born in Huntsville, Texas, the son of James Addison Baker (1821–1897) and his wife Rowena Crawford Baker (1826–1889).", "James A. Baker Sr. __knowledge__ James had lived in Dodge, Huntsville, Texas in his childhood.", "James A. Baker Sr. __knowledge__ Baker attended a nearby primary school in Dodge, Texas, before studying at the Texas Military Institute and Trinity University, both located in San Antonio, Texas.", "Geneva Peace Conference (1991) __knowledge__ The Geneva Peace Conference was held on January 9, 1991 to find a peaceful solution to the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait in order to avoid a war between Iraq and the United States backed coalition.", "Geneva Peace Conference (1991) __knowledge__ Iraqi Foreign Minister Tariq Aziz represented Iraq, while United States Secretary of State James Baker was the United States representative.", "Geneva Peace Conference (1991) __knowledge__ Lasting nearly seven hours, both parties refused to move on their initial positions.", "Geneva Peace Conference (1991) __knowledge__ Iraq refused to withdraw from occupied Kuwait, while the United States and its allies continued to demand Iraq's immediate withdrawal.", "Geneva Peace Conference (1991) __knowledge__ The meeting was the final initiative that eventually led to the Gulf War.", "Hoodoo Gurus __knowledge__ Hoodoo Gurus (referred to as the Gurus by fans) are an Australian rock band, formed in Sydney in 1981, by the mainstay Dave Faulkner (songwriter, lead singer and guitarist) and later joined by Richard Grossman (bass), Mark Kingsmill (drums), and Brad Shepherd (guitar, vocals, harmonica).", "Hoodoo Gurus __knowledge__ Their popularity peaked in the mid to late 1980s with albums \"Mars Needs Guitars!", "Hoodoo Gurus __knowledge__ \", \"Blow Your Cool!\"", "Hoodoo Gurus __knowledge__ and \"Magnum Cum Louder\".", "Hoodoo Gurus __knowledge__ Hoodoo Gurus had a string of acclaimed pop-rock singles including \"Leilani\" (1982), \"Tojo\" (1983), \"My Girl\" (1983), \"I Want You Back\" (1984), \"Bittersweet\", \"Like Wow - Wipeout!", "Hoodoo Gurus __knowledge__ \", and \"What's My Scene?\".", "Beasts of Bourbon __knowledge__ Beasts of Bourbon are an Australian alternative rock, blues rock band formed in August 1983, with James Baker on drums (ex-Hoodoo Gurus), Spencer P. Jones on guitar (The Johnnys), Tex Perkins on vocals (Dum Dums), Kim Salmon on guitar and Boris Sujdovic on bass guitar (both ex-The Scientists).", "Beasts of Bourbon __knowledge__ Except for mainstays Jones and Perkins, the line-up has changed as the group splintered and reformed several times.", "Beasts of Bourbon __knowledge__ Their debut album, \"The Axeman's Jazz\" (July 1984), was the best selling Australian alternative rock album for 1984.", "Beasts of Bourbon __knowledge__ Their debut single, \"Psycho\", is a cover version of the Leon Payne original, and was the best selling Australian alternative rock single for that year.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Haydon Hall __knowledge__ Haydon Hall was one of the three main houses of Eastcote, within what is now the London Borough of Hillingdon.", "Haydon Hall __knowledge__ The house was built in 1630 as a home for Lady Alice, Dowager Countess of Derby who had been living in Harefield.", "Haydon Hall __knowledge__ The house remained in the ownership of Lady Alice's descendants for several years, on the side of her eldest daughter.", "Haydon Hall __knowledge__ For a time the house was renamed \"Eastcote Park\" though was returned to the original name.", "Haydon Hall __knowledge__ Under the ownership of Lawrence James Baker from 1864, the house was expanded with two wings, and several cottages for workers were built within the grounds.", "Haydon Hall __knowledge__ Baker also had Eastcote Lodge built within the estate, which his son and daughter-in-law moved into after their marriage." ] ]

[ 1, 4, 4, 9 ]

[ "Chocolate cake is flavored with melted chocolate ", "The history of chocolate cake dates back to 1764", "Yeah. It was discovered by Dr. James Baker", "Yeah. In 1886, American cooks began adding chocolate to the cake batter" ]

[ "Chocolate cake", "Chocolate cake", "Chocolate cake", "Chocolate cake" ]

[ "Space", "Space is so interesting, but so complicated! Does it really go on forever?", "I didn't realize! Do you study space for a living?", "My son is really into space. He's always talking about black holes and how neat they are. What is a black hole?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Space __knowledge__ Space is the boundless three-dimensional extent in which objects and events have relative position and direction.", "Space __knowledge__ Physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions, although modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless four-dimensional continuum known as spacetime.", "Space __knowledge__ The concept of space is considered to be of fundamental importance to an understanding of the physical universe.", "Space __knowledge__ However, disagreement continues between philosophers over whether it is itself an entity, a relationship between entities, or part of a conceptual framework.", "Space __knowledge__ Debates concerning the nature, essence and the mode of existence of space date back to antiquity; namely, to treatises like the \"Timaeus\" of Plato, or Socrates in his reflections on what the Greeks called \"khôra\" (i.e.", "Space __knowledge__ \"space\"), or in the \"Physics\" of Aristotle (Book IV, Delta) in the definition of \"topos\" (i.e.", "Space __knowledge__ place), or in the later \"geometrical conception of place\" as \"space \"qua\" extension\" in the \"Discourse on Place\" (\"Qawl fi al-Makan\") of the 11th-century Arab polymath Alhazen.", "Space __knowledge__ Many of these classical philosophical questions were discussed in the Renaissance and then reformulated in the 17th century, particularly during the early development of classical mechanics." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Space __knowledge__ Space is the boundless three-dimensional extent in which objects and events have relative position and direction.", "Space __knowledge__ Physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions, although modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless four-dimensional continuum known as spacetime.", "Space __knowledge__ The concept of space is considered to be of fundamental importance to an understanding of the physical universe.", "Space __knowledge__ However, disagreement continues between philosophers over whether it is itself an entity, a relationship between entities, or part of a conceptual framework.", "Space __knowledge__ Debates concerning the nature, essence and the mode of existence of space date back to antiquity; namely, to treatises like the \"Timaeus\" of Plato, or Socrates in his reflections on what the Greeks called \"khôra\" (i.e.", "Space __knowledge__ \"space\"), or in the \"Physics\" of Aristotle (Book IV, Delta) in the definition of \"topos\" (i.e.", "Space __knowledge__ place), or in the later \"geometrical conception of place\" as \"space \"qua\" extension\" in the \"Discourse on Place\" (\"Qawl fi al-Makan\") of the 11th-century Arab polymath Alhazen.", "Space __knowledge__ Many of these classical philosophical questions were discussed in the Renaissance and then reformulated in the 17th century, particularly during the early development of classical mechanics.", "Forever Evil __knowledge__ \"Forever Evil\" is a 2013–2014 crossover comic book storyline published by DC Comics that began in September 2013 and ended in May 2014, consisting of an eponymous, central miniseries written by Geoff Johns and art by David Finch.", "Forever Evil __knowledge__ It is the first line wide crossover since The New 52 reboot of the DC Universe, and focuses on all the villains of the DC Universe.", "Forever Evil __knowledge__ The miniseries spins out of the events in \"Trinity War\".", "Forever Evil __knowledge__ Johns revealed in August 2013, that the Crime Syndicate, an evil version of the Justice League from Earth-3 in the Multiverse, are the true villains of the event and not the previously thought Secret Society.", "The Operative: No One Lives Forever __knowledge__ The Operative: No One Lives Forever is a first-person shooter video game with stealth gameplay elements, developed by Monolith Productions and published by Fox Interactive, released for Microsoft Windows in 2000.", "The Operative: No One Lives Forever __knowledge__ The game was ported later to the PlayStation 2 and Mac OS X.", "The Operative: No One Lives Forever __knowledge__ A story-driven game set in the 1960s, \"No One Lives Forever\" has been critically acclaimed for, among other things, its stylistic representation of the era in the spirit of many spy films and television series of that decade, as well as for its humor.", "The Operative: No One Lives Forever __knowledge__ Players control female protagonist Cate Archer, who works for a secret organization that watches over world peace.", "Rogue One __knowledge__ Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, or simply Rogue One, is a 2016 American epic space opera film directed by Gareth Edwards.", "Rogue One __knowledge__ The screenplay by Chris Weitz and Tony Gilroy is from a story by John Knoll and Gary Whitta.", "Rogue One __knowledge__ It was produced by Lucasfilm and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.", "Rogue One __knowledge__ It is the first installment of the \"Star Wars Anthology\" series, set immediately before the events of the original \"Star Wars\" film, and follows a group of rebels on a mission to steal the plans for the Death Star, the Galactic Empire's superweapon.", "Rogue One __knowledge__ The cast includes Felicity Jones, Diego Luna, Ben Mendelsohn, Donnie Yen, Mads Mikkelsen, Alan Tudyk, Riz Ahmed, Jiang Wen and Forest Whitaker.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ Frozen is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ The 53rd Disney animated feature film, the film is inspired by Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale \"The Snow Queen\".", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ It tells the story of a fearless princess who sets off on a journey alongside a rugged iceman, his loyal reindeer, and a naïve snowman to find her estranged sister, whose icy powers have inadvertently trapped their kingdom in eternal winter.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ \"Frozen\" underwent several story treatments for years before being commissioned in 2011, with a screenplay written by Jennifer Lee, who also co-directed with Chris Buck.", "List of Ben 10 villains __knowledge__ Below is a list of all the villains who appear in the \"Ben 10\" universe ranging from \"Ben 10\", \"\", \"\", \"\", and \"Ben 10 (Reboot)\".", "List of Ben 10 villains __knowledge__ Each of the villains has been sorted into the TV series that he or she debuted in.", "List of Ben 10 villains __knowledge__ Voiced by: Vilgax is a warlord who is Ben's first and most recurring nemesis through the series.", "List of Ben 10 villains __knowledge__ Being of the Chimera Sui Generis (named after the mythological Chimera) race, who are able to turn into giant squid-like creatures when exposed to water, Vilgax was exiled from his home world for being ruthless, cruel, and power hungry.", "List of Ben 10 villains __knowledge__ Soon after, Vilgax meets Maltruant as depicted in the Omniverse series finale which had him indirectly learn of the Omnitrix's existence when attacked by George Washington and a mysterious figure later revealed to be Ben.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Bivector __knowledge__ In mathematics, a bivector or 2-vector is a quantity in exterior algebra or geometric algebra that extends the idea of scalars and vectors.", "Bivector __knowledge__ If a scalar is considered an order zero quantity, and a vector is an order one quantity, then a bivector can be thought of as being of order two.", "Bivector __knowledge__ Bivectors have applications in many areas of mathematics and physics.", "Bivector __knowledge__ They are related to complex numbers in two dimensions and to both pseudovectors and quaternions in three dimensions.", "Bivector __knowledge__ They can be used to generate rotations in any number of dimensions, and are a useful tool for classifying such rotations.", "Bivector __knowledge__ They also are used in physics, tying together a number of otherwise unrelated quantities.", "Four-dimensional space __knowledge__ A four-dimensional space or 4D space is a mathematical extension of the concept of three-dimensional or 3D space.", "Four-dimensional space __knowledge__ Three-dimensional space is the simplest possible generalization of the observation that one only needs three numbers, called \"dimensions\", to describe the sizes or locations of objects in the everyday world.", "Four-dimensional space __knowledge__ For example, the volume of a rectangular box is found by measuring its length (often labeled \"x\"), width (\"y\"), and depth (\"z\").", "Four-dimensional space __knowledge__ More than two millennia ago Greek philosophers explored in detail the many implications of this uniformity, culminating in Euclid's \"Elements\".", "Four-dimensional space __knowledge__ However, it was not until recent times that some mathematicians generalized the concept of dimensions to include more than three.", "Spacetime __knowledge__ In physics, spacetime is any mathematical model that fuses the three dimensions of space and the one dimension of time into a single four-dimensional continuum.", "Spacetime __knowledge__ Spacetime diagrams are useful in visualizing and understanding relativistic effects such as how different observers perceive \"where\" and \"when\" events occur.", "Spacetime __knowledge__ Until the turn of the 20th century, the assumption had been that the three-dimensional geometry of the universe (its description in terms of locations, shapes, distances, and directions) was distinct from time (the measurement of when events occur within the universe).", "Spacetime __knowledge__ However, Albert Einstein's 1905 \"special theory of relativity\" postulated that the speed of light through empty space has one definite value—a constant—that is independent of the motion of the light source.", "Dimension __knowledge__ In physics and mathematics, the dimension of a mathematical space (or object) is informally defined as the minimum number of coordinates needed to specify any point within it.", "Dimension __knowledge__ Thus a line has a dimension of one because only one coordinate is needed to specify a point on itfor example, the point at 5 on a number line.", "Dimension __knowledge__ A surface such as a plane or the surface of a cylinder or sphere has a dimension of two because two coordinates are needed to specify a point on itfor example, both a latitude and longitude are required to locate a point on the surface of a sphere.", "Dimension __knowledge__ The inside of a cube, a cylinder or a sphere is three-dimensional because three coordinates are needed to locate a point within these spaces.", "M-theory __knowledge__ M-theory is a theory in physics that unifies all consistent versions of superstring theory.", "M-theory __knowledge__ The existence of such a theory was first conjectured by Edward Witten at a string theory conference at the University of Southern California in the spring of 1995.", "M-theory __knowledge__ Witten's announcement initiated a flurry of research activity known as the second superstring revolution.", "M-theory __knowledge__ Prior to Witten's announcement, string theorists had identified five versions of superstring theory.", "M-theory __knowledge__ Although these theories appeared, at first, to be very different, work by several physicists showed that the theories were related in intricate and nontrivial ways.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Space __knowledge__ Space is the boundless three-dimensional extent in which objects and events have relative position and direction.", "Space __knowledge__ Physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions, although modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless four-dimensional continuum known as spacetime.", "Space __knowledge__ The concept of space is considered to be of fundamental importance to an understanding of the physical universe.", "Space __knowledge__ However, disagreement continues between philosophers over whether it is itself an entity, a relationship between entities, or part of a conceptual framework.", "Space __knowledge__ Debates concerning the nature, essence and the mode of existence of space date back to antiquity; namely, to treatises like the \"Timaeus\" of Plato, or Socrates in his reflections on what the Greeks called \"khôra\" (i.e.", "Space __knowledge__ \"space\"), or in the \"Physics\" of Aristotle (Book IV, Delta) in the definition of \"topos\" (i.e.", "Space __knowledge__ place), or in the later \"geometrical conception of place\" as \"space \"qua\" extension\" in the \"Discourse on Place\" (\"Qawl fi al-Makan\") of the 11th-century Arab polymath Alhazen.", "Space __knowledge__ Many of these classical philosophical questions were discussed in the Renaissance and then reformulated in the 17th century, particularly during the early development of classical mechanics.", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks __knowledge__ The University of Scranton’s 58-acre hillside campus is located in the heart of Scranton, a community of 75,000 within a greater metropolitan area of 750,000 people, located in northeast Pennsylvania.", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks __knowledge__ Founded in 1888 as St. Thomas College and elevated to university status in 1938, the University has grown and changed over time.", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks __knowledge__ Since 1984, the University has completed over 50 renovation projections.", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks __knowledge__ Over the past decade alone, the University’s campus has undergone a dramatic transformation, as the school has invested more than $240 million towards campus improvements and construction, including the Loyola Science Center, the DeNaples Center, Pilarz and Montrone Halls, Condron Hall, Edward R. Leahy, Jr. Hall, and the Dionne Green.", "University of Warwick __knowledge__ The University of Warwick () is a plate glass research university in Coventry, England.", "University of Warwick __knowledge__ It was founded in 1965 as part of a government initiative to expand access to higher education.", "University of Warwick __knowledge__ Within the University, Warwick Business School was established in 1967, Warwick Manufacturing Group (now WMG) was established in 1980 and Warwick Medical School was opened in 2000.", "University of Warwick __knowledge__ Warwick merged with Coventry College of Education in 1979 and Horticulture Research International in 2004.", "University of Warwick __knowledge__ Warwick is primarily based on a 290 hectare campus on the outskirts of Coventry with a satellite campus in Wellesbourne and a London base at the Shard in central London.", "Joseph A. Panuska __knowledge__ Rev.", "Joseph A. Panuska __knowledge__ Joseph Allan Panuska, S.J.", "Joseph A. Panuska __knowledge__ (July 3, 1927 – February 28, 2017) was an American priest of the Society of Jesus.", "Joseph A. Panuska __knowledge__ Panuska served as the President of the University of Scranton from 1982 to 1998, as academic Vice President and Dean of Faculties at Boston College from 1979 to 1982, as provincial of the seven-state Maryland Province of the Society of Jesus from 1973 to 1979, after serving as a biology professor and director of the Jesuit community at Georgetown University from 1963 to 1973.", "Joseph A. Panuska __knowledge__ Joseph Allen Panuska was born on July 3, 1927, in Baltimore, Maryland.", "Joseph A. Panuska __knowledge__ He is of Bohemian ancestry.", "Joseph A. Panuska __knowledge__ He attended the Baltimore Polytechnic Institute, a public high school of 2,300 students, and graduated in 1945 as the valedictorian of his class.", "D. H. Hill Library __knowledge__ The D. H. Hill Library is the main library at North Carolina State University.", "D. H. Hill Library __knowledge__ It is the third building to house NCSU Libraries, following Brooks Hall and Holladay Hall.", "D. H. Hill Library __knowledge__ The current building, situated on the Hillsborough Street edge of North Campus, is the result of four stages of construction, and houses the majority of the volumes in NC State's collection.", "D. H. Hill Library __knowledge__ As of 2013, the NCSU Libraries are the 50th largest library system in the United States, the 37th largest academic library system in the U.S. and the 26th largest public university library system, respectively.", "D. H. Hill Library __knowledge__ As of 2016, the system's total holdings amount to over 5.2 million volumes, 90,000 electronic journal subscriptions, approximately 1,000 print subscriptions, 568 bibliographic databases, and access to over 1 million electronic books.", "Fordham University __knowledge__ Fordham University () is a private research university in New York City, founded by the Catholic Diocese of New York in 1841.", "Fordham University __knowledge__ It is the oldest Catholic university in the northeastern United States, the third-oldest university in New York, and the only Jesuit university in New York City.", "Fordham University __knowledge__ Established as St. John's College by John Hughes, then a coadjutor bishop of New York, it was placed in the care of the Society of Jesus shortly thereafter, and has since become a Jesuit-affiliated independent school under a lay board of trustees.", "Fordham University __knowledge__ The college's first president, John McCloskey, was the first Catholic cardinal in the United States.", "University of Toronto Mississauga __knowledge__ The University of Toronto Mississauga (also known as U of T Mississauga And UTM) is a satellite campus of the University of Toronto, located in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.", "University of Toronto Mississauga __knowledge__ It is set on the valley of the Credit River, approximately 33 km west of Downtown Toronto.", "University of Toronto Mississauga __knowledge__ Among the University of Toronto's two satellite campuses, Mississauga receives the highest amount of undergraduate applicants.", "University of Toronto Mississauga __knowledge__ University of Toronto Mississauga was built on the former estate of Reginald Watkins, which was acquired by the University of Toronto in 1965.", "University of Toronto Mississauga __knowledge__ Founded as Erindale College in 1965, construction of the University's main building began in 1966.", "Copenhagen Business School __knowledge__ Copenhagen Business School (Danish\": Handelshøjskolen i København\") often abbreviated and referred to as CBS (also in Danish), is a public university situated in Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark.", "Copenhagen Business School __knowledge__ CBS was established in 1917 by the \"Danish Society for the Advancement of Business Education and Research (FUHU)\", however, it was not until 1920 that accounting became the first full study programme at CBS.", "Copenhagen Business School __knowledge__ Today CBS has more than 20,000 students, 2,000 employees and offers a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programmes within business, typically with an interdisciplinary and international focus.", "Spacetime __knowledge__ In physics, spacetime is any mathematical model that fuses the three dimensions of space and the one dimension of time into a single four-dimensional continuum.", "Spacetime __knowledge__ Spacetime diagrams are useful in visualizing and understanding relativistic effects such as how different observers perceive \"where\" and \"when\" events occur.", "Spacetime __knowledge__ Until the turn of the 20th century, the assumption had been that the three-dimensional geometry of the universe (its description in terms of locations, shapes, distances, and directions) was distinct from time (the measurement of when events occur within the universe).", "Spacetime __knowledge__ However, Albert Einstein's 1905 \"special theory of relativity\" postulated that the speed of light through empty space has one definite value—a constant—that is independent of the motion of the light source.", "Minkowski space __knowledge__ In mathematical physics, Minkowski space or Minkowski spacetime is a combination of three-dimensional Euclidean space and time into a four-dimensional manifold where the spacetime interval between any two events is independent of the inertial frame of reference in which they are recorded.", "Minkowski space __knowledge__ Although initially developed by mathematician Hermann Minkowski for Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism, the mathematical structure of Minkowski spacetime was shown to be an immediate consequence of the postulates of special relativity.", "Minkowski space __knowledge__ Minkowski space is closely associated with Einstein's theory of special relativity, and is the most common mathematical structure on which special relativity is formulated.", "Superstring theory __knowledge__ Superstring theory is an attempt to explain all of the particles and fundamental forces of nature in one theory by modeling them as vibrations of tiny supersymmetric strings.", "Superstring theory __knowledge__ 'Superstring theory' is a shorthand for supersymmetric string theory because unlike bosonic string theory, it is the version of string theory that accounts for both fermions and bosons and incorporates supersymmetry to model gravity.", "Superstring theory __knowledge__ Since the second superstring revolution, the five superstring theories are regarded as different limits of a single theory tentatively called M-theory.", "Superstring theory __knowledge__ The deepest problem in theoretical physics is harmonizing the theory of general relativity, which describes gravitation and applies to large-scale structures (stars, galaxies, super clusters), with quantum mechanics, which describes the other three fundamental forces acting on the atomic scale.", "Introduction to general relativity __knowledge__ General relativity is a theory of gravitation that was developed by Albert Einstein between 1907 and 1915.", "Introduction to general relativity __knowledge__ According to general relativity, the observed gravitational effect between masses results from their warping of spacetime.", "Introduction to general relativity __knowledge__ By the beginning of the 20th century, Newton's law of universal gravitation had been accepted for more than two hundred years as a valid description of the gravitational force between masses.", "Introduction to general relativity __knowledge__ In Newton's model, gravity is the result of an attractive force between massive objects.", "Introduction to general relativity __knowledge__ Although even Newton was troubled by the unknown nature of that force, the basic framework was extremely successful at describing motion.", "Special relativity __knowledge__ In physics, special relativity (SR, also known as the special theory of relativity or STR) is the generally accepted and experimentally well-confirmed physical theory regarding the relationship between space and time.", "Special relativity __knowledge__ In Albert Einstein's original pedagogical treatment, it is based on two postulates: It was originally proposed by Albert Einstein in a paper published 26 September 1905 titled \"On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies\".", "Special relativity __knowledge__ The inconsistency of Newtonian mechanics with Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism and the lack of experimental confirmation for a hypothesized luminiferous aether led to the development of special relativity, which corrects mechanics to handle situations involving motions at a significant fraction of the speed of light (known as \"\").", "Time __knowledge__ Time is the indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future.", "Time __knowledge__ Time is a component quantity of various measurements used to sequence events, to compare the duration of events or the intervals between them, and to quantify rates of change of quantities in material reality or in the conscious experience.", "Time __knowledge__ Time is often referred to as a fourth dimension, along with three spatial dimensions.", "Time __knowledge__ Time has long been an important subject of study in religion, philosophy, and science, but defining it in a manner applicable to all fields without circularity has consistently eluded scholars." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Space __knowledge__ Space is the boundless three-dimensional extent in which objects and events have relative position and direction.", "Space __knowledge__ Physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions, although modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless four-dimensional continuum known as spacetime.", "Space __knowledge__ The concept of space is considered to be of fundamental importance to an understanding of the physical universe.", "Space __knowledge__ However, disagreement continues between philosophers over whether it is itself an entity, a relationship between entities, or part of a conceptual framework.", "Space __knowledge__ Debates concerning the nature, essence and the mode of existence of space date back to antiquity; namely, to treatises like the \"Timaeus\" of Plato, or Socrates in his reflections on what the Greeks called \"khôra\" (i.e.", "Space __knowledge__ \"space\"), or in the \"Physics\" of Aristotle (Book IV, Delta) in the definition of \"topos\" (i.e.", "Space __knowledge__ place), or in the later \"geometrical conception of place\" as \"space \"qua\" extension\" in the \"Discourse on Place\" (\"Qawl fi al-Makan\") of the 11th-century Arab polymath Alhazen.", "Space __knowledge__ Many of these classical philosophical questions were discussed in the Renaissance and then reformulated in the 17th century, particularly during the early development of classical mechanics.", "Black hole __knowledge__ A black hole is a region of spacetime exhibiting such strong gravitational effects that nothing—not even particles and electromagnetic radiation such as light—can escape from inside it.", "Black hole __knowledge__ The theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass can deform spacetime to form a black hole.", "Black hole __knowledge__ The boundary of the region from which no escape is possible is called the event horizon.", "Black hole __knowledge__ Although the event horizon has an enormous effect on the fate and circumstances of an object crossing it, no locally detectable features appear to be observed.", "Black hole __knowledge__ In many ways a black hole acts like an ideal black body, as it reflects no light.", "Hawking radiation __knowledge__ Hawking radiation, also known as Hawking–Zel'dovich radiation, is blackbody radiation that is predicted to be released by black holes, due to quantum effects near the event horizon.", "Hawking radiation __knowledge__ It is named after the physicist Stephen Hawking, who provided a theoretical argument for its existence in 1974, and sometimes also after Jacob Bekenstein, who predicted that black holes should have a finite entropy.", "Hawking radiation __knowledge__ Hawking's work followed his visit to Moscow in 1973 where the Soviet scientists Yakov Zeldovich and Alexei Starobinsky showed him that, according to the quantum mechanical uncertainty principle, rotating black holes should create and emit particles.", "Supermassive black hole __knowledge__ A supermassive black hole (SMBH or SBH) is the largest type of black hole, on the order of hundreds of thousands to billions of solar masses (), and is found in the centre of almost all currently known massive galaxies.", "Supermassive black hole __knowledge__ In the case of the Milky Way, the SMBH corresponds with the location of Sagittarius A*.", "Supermassive black hole __knowledge__ Supermassive black holes have properties that distinguish them from lower-mass classifications.", "Supermassive black hole __knowledge__ First, the average density of a SMBH (defined as the mass of the black hole divided by the volume within its Schwarzschild radius) can be less than the density of water in the case of some SMBHs.", "Supermassive black hole __knowledge__ This is because the Schwarzschild radius is directly proportional to mass, while density is inversely proportional to the volume.", "Micro black hole __knowledge__ Micro black holes, also called quantum mechanical black holes or mini black holes, are hypothetical tiny black holes, for which quantum mechanical effects play an important role.", "Micro black hole __knowledge__ The concept that black holes may exist that are smaller than stellar mass was introduced in 1971 by Stephen Hawking.", "Micro black hole __knowledge__ It is possible that such quantum primordial black holes were created in the high-density environment of the early Universe (or big bang), or possibly through subsequent phase transitions.", "Micro black hole __knowledge__ They might be observed by astrophysicists through the particles they are expected to emit by Hawking radiation.", "Micro black hole __knowledge__ Some hypotheses involving additional space dimensions predict that micro black holes could be formed at energies as low as the TeV range, which are available in particle accelerators such as the LHC (Large Hadron Collider).", "Binary black hole __knowledge__ A binary black hole (BBH) is a system consisting of two black holes in close orbit around each other.", "Binary black hole __knowledge__ Like black holes themselves, binary black holes are often divided into stellar binary black holes, formed either as remnants of high-mass binary star systems or by dynamic processes and mutual capture, and binary supermassive black holes believed to be a result of galactic mergers.", "Binary black hole __knowledge__ For many years, proving the existence of BBHs was made difficult because of the nature of black holes themselves, and the limited means of detection available.", "Binary black hole __knowledge__ However, in the event that a pair of black holes were to merge, an immense amount of energy should be given off as gravitational waves, with distinctive waveforms that can be calculated using general relativity.", "General relativity __knowledge__ General relativity (GR, also known as the general theory of relativity or GTR) is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and the current description of gravitation in modern physics.", "General relativity __knowledge__ General relativity has been described as the most beautiful of all existing physical theories.", "General relativity __knowledge__ General relativity generalizes special relativity and Newton's law of universal gravitation, providing a unified description of gravity as a geometric property of space and time, or spacetime.", "General relativity __knowledge__ In particular, the \"\" is directly related to the energy and momentum of whatever matter and radiation are present.", "String theory __knowledge__ In physics, string theory is a theoretical framework in which the point-like particles of particle physics are replaced by one-dimensional objects called strings.", "String theory __knowledge__ It describes how these strings propagate through space and interact with each other.", "String theory __knowledge__ On distance scales larger than the string scale, a string looks just like an ordinary particle, with its mass, charge, and other properties determined by the vibrational state of the string.", "String theory __knowledge__ In string theory, one of the many vibrational states of the string corresponds to the graviton, a quantum mechanical particle that carries gravitational force.", "String theory __knowledge__ Thus string theory is a theory of quantum gravity.", "History of physics __knowledge__ Physics (from the Ancient Greek φύσις \"physis\" meaning \"nature\") is the fundamental branch of science that developed out of the study of nature and philosophy known, until around the end of the 19th century, as \"natural philosophy\".", "History of physics __knowledge__ Today, physics is ultimately defined as the study of matter, energy and the relationships between them.", "History of physics __knowledge__ Physics is, in some senses, the oldest and most basic pure science; its discoveries find applications throughout the natural sciences, since matter and energy are the basic constituents of the natural world.", "History of physics __knowledge__ The other sciences are generally more limited in their scope and may be considered branches that have split off from physics to become sciences in their own right.", "Free will __knowledge__ Free will is the ability to choose between different possible courses of action unimpeded.", "Free will __knowledge__ Free will is closely linked to the concepts of responsibility, praise, guilt, sin, and other judgements which apply only to actions that are freely chosen.", "Free will __knowledge__ It is also connected with the concepts of advice, persuasion, deliberation, and prohibition.", "Free will __knowledge__ Traditionally, only actions that are freely willed are seen as deserving credit or blame.", "Free will __knowledge__ There are numerous different concerns about threats to the possibility of free will, varying by how exactly it is conceived, which is a matter of some debate.", "Free will __knowledge__ Some conceive free will to be the capacity to make choices in which the outcome has not been determined by past events.", "Philosophy of mathematics __knowledge__ The philosophy of mathematics is the branch of philosophy that studies the assumptions, foundations, and implications of mathematics, and purports to provide a viewpoint of the nature and methodology of mathematics, and to understand the place of mathematics in people's lives.", "Philosophy of mathematics __knowledge__ The logical and structural nature of mathematics itself makes this study both broad and unique among its philosophical counterparts.", "Philosophy of mathematics __knowledge__ Recurrent themes include: The origin of mathematics is subject to argument.", "Philosophy of mathematics __knowledge__ Whether the birth of mathematics was a random happening or induced by necessity duly contingent upon other subjects, say for example physics, is still a matter of prolific debates.", "Scientology beliefs and practices __knowledge__ The Church of Scientology says that a human is an immortal, spiritual being (thetan) that is resident in a physical body.", "Scientology beliefs and practices __knowledge__ The thetan has had innumerable past lives and it is observed in advanced Scientology texts that lives preceding the thetan's arrival on Earth were lived in extraterrestrial cultures.", "Scientology beliefs and practices __knowledge__ Based on case studies at advanced levels, it is predicted that any Scientologist undergoing auditing will eventually come across and recount a common series of events.", "Scientology beliefs and practices __knowledge__ According to the Church, founder L. Ron Hubbard's discovery of the thetan places Scientology at the heart of the human quest for meaning, and proves that \"its origins are as ancient as religious thought itself.\"", "Astronomy __knowledge__ Astronomy (from ) is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena.", "Astronomy __knowledge__ It applies mathematics, physics, and chemistry, in an effort to explain the origin of those objects and phenomena and their evolution.", "Astronomy __knowledge__ Objects of interest include planets, moons, stars, galaxies, and comets; the phenomena include supernova explosions, gamma ray bursts, and cosmic microwave background radiation.", "Astronomy __knowledge__ More generally, all phenomena that originate outside Earth's atmosphere are within the purview of astronomy.", "Astronomy __knowledge__ A related but distinct subject, physical cosmology, is concerned with the study of the Universe as a whole.", "Universe __knowledge__ The Universe is all of space and time (spacetime) and its contents, which includes planets, moons, stars, galaxies, the contents of intergalactic space and all matter and energy.", "Universe __knowledge__ While the size of the entire Universe is still unknown, it is possible to measure the observable universe.", "Universe __knowledge__ The earliest scientific models of the Universe were developed by ancient Greek and Indian philosophers and were geocentric, placing Earth at the centre of the Universe.", "Universe __knowledge__ Over the centuries, more precise astronomical observations led Nicolaus Copernicus to develop the heliocentric model with the Sun at the centre of the Solar System." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 9 ]

[ "Space is considered the boundless three dimensions that objects are able to move relative to.", "Yes there is no end. There is also a boundless four dimensional continuum called spacetime.", "No, but the concept of space is fundamental to understanding the physical universe.", "It is known as a region of spacetime with such strong gravitational pull not particles can escape including light." ]

[ "Space", "Space", "Space", "Space" ]

[ "YouTube", "I can't imagine that much money! ", "I would love to invest in their next project!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "YouTube __knowledge__ YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California.", "YouTube __knowledge__ The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion; YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries.", "YouTube __knowledge__ YouTube allows users to upload, view, rate, share, add to favorites, report, comment on videos, and subscribe to other users.", "YouTube __knowledge__ It offers a wide variety of user-generated and corporate media videos.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Available content includes video clips, TV show clips, music videos, short and documentary films, audio recordings, movie trailers, live streams, and other content such as video blogging, short original videos, and educational videos.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Most of the content on YouTube is uploaded by individuals, but media corporations including CBS, the BBC, Vevo, and Hulu offer some of their material via YouTube as part of the YouTube partnership program.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Unregistered users can only watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos and add comments to videos.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Videos deemed potentially inappropriate are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "YouTube __knowledge__ YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California.", "YouTube __knowledge__ The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion; YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries.", "YouTube __knowledge__ YouTube allows users to upload, view, rate, share, add to favorites, report, comment on videos, and subscribe to other users.", "YouTube __knowledge__ It offers a wide variety of user-generated and corporate media videos.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Available content includes video clips, TV show clips, music videos, short and documentary films, audio recordings, movie trailers, live streams, and other content such as video blogging, short original videos, and educational videos.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Most of the content on YouTube is uploaded by individuals, but media corporations including CBS, the BBC, Vevo, and Hulu offer some of their material via YouTube as part of the YouTube partnership program.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Unregistered users can only watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos and add comments to videos.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Videos deemed potentially inappropriate are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old.", "Two envelopes problem __knowledge__ The two envelopes problem, also known as the exchange paradox, is a brain teaser, puzzle, or paradox in logic, probability, and recreational mathematics.", "Two envelopes problem __knowledge__ It is of special interest in decision theory, and for the Bayesian interpretation of probability theory.", "Two envelopes problem __knowledge__ Historically, it arose as a variant of the necktie paradox.", "Two envelopes problem __knowledge__ The problem typically is introduced by formulating a hypothetical challenge of the following type: It seems obvious that there is no point in switching envelopes as the situation is symmetric.", "Two envelopes problem __knowledge__ However, because you stand to gain twice as much money if you switch while risking only a loss of half of what you currently have, it is possible to argue that it is more beneficial to switch.", "Imagine (John Lennon song) __knowledge__ \"Imagine\" is a song written and performed by English musician John Lennon.", "Imagine (John Lennon song) __knowledge__ The best-selling single of his solo career, its lyrics encourage the listener to imagine a world at peace without the barriers of borders or the divisions of religion and nationality and to consider the possibility that the whole of humanity would live unattached to material possessions.", "Imagine (John Lennon song) __knowledge__ Lennon and Yoko Ono co-produced the song and album of the same name with Phil Spector.", "Imagine (John Lennon song) __knowledge__ Recording began at Lennon's home studio at Tittenhurst Park, England, in May 1971, with final overdubs taking place at the Record Plant, in New York City, during July.", "American Veterans Disabled for Life Memorial __knowledge__ The American Veterans Disabled for Life Memorial is a national memorial in Washington, D.C., which honors veterans of the armed forces of the United States who were permanently disabled during the course of their national service.", "American Veterans Disabled for Life Memorial __knowledge__ Congress adopted legislation establishing the memorial on October 23, 2000, authorizing the Disabled Veterans for Life Memorial Foundation to design, raise funds for, and construct the memorial.", "American Veterans Disabled for Life Memorial __knowledge__ The fundraising goal was reached in mid-2010, and ground for the memorial broken on November 10, 2010.", "American Veterans Disabled for Life Memorial __knowledge__ The memorial was dedicated by President Barack Obama on October 5, 2014.", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ Imagine Dragons is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, consisting of lead vocalist Dan Reynolds, lead guitarist Wayne Sermon, bassist and keyboardist Ben McKee, and drummer Daniel Platzman.", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ The band first gained exposure with the release of single \"It's Time\", followed by their award-winning debut studio album \"Night Visions\" (2012), which resulted in the chart topping singles \"Radioactive\" and \"Demons\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ \"Billboard\" placed them at the top of their \"Year In Rock\" rankings for 2013 and 2017 and named them their \"Breakthrough Band of 2013\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ and \"Biggest Band of 2017.\"", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ \"Rolling Stone\" named their single \"Radioactive\", which holds the record for most weeks on the Hot 100, from \"Night Visions\" the \"biggest rock hit of the year\", and MTV called them \"the year's biggest breakout band\".", "Shin Megami Tensei: Imagine __knowledge__ Shin Megami Tensei: Imagine, formerly known as Megami Tensei Online: Imagine, was a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) for Microsoft Windows personal computers.", "Shin Megami Tensei: Imagine __knowledge__ It is part of the \"Megami Tensei\" series, and was developed by CAVE under license from the series creator Atlus.", "Shin Megami Tensei: Imagine __knowledge__ Originally released in Japan in 2007, it was later released in North America in 2008, then in Europe in 2009.", "Shin Megami Tensei: Imagine __knowledge__ \"Imagine\" is set between \"Shin Megami Tensei\" and its sequel, in the aftermath of a war which devastated humanity and prompted the arrival of hostile demons split into two opposing factions: Law and Chaos.", "Risk aversion (psychology) __knowledge__ Risk-aversion is a preference for a sure outcome over a gamble with higher or equal expected value.", "Risk aversion (psychology) __knowledge__ Conversely, the rejection of a sure thing in favor of a gamble of lower or equal expected value is known as risk-seeking behavior.", "Risk aversion (psychology) __knowledge__ The psychophysics of chance induce overweighting of sure things and of improbable events, relative to events of moderate probability.", "Risk aversion (psychology) __knowledge__ Underweighting of moderate and high probabilities relative to sure things contributes to risk-aversion in the realm of gains by reducing the attractiveness of positive gambles.", "Risk aversion (psychology) __knowledge__ The same effect also contributes to risk-seeking in losses by attenuating the aversiveness of negative gambles.", "Yoko Ono __knowledge__ Yoko Ono (born February 18, 1933) is a Japanese multimedia artist, singer, songwriter, and peace activist who is also known for her work in performance art and filmmaking.", "Yoko Ono __knowledge__ She performs in both English and Japanese.", "Yoko Ono __knowledge__ She is known for being the second wife and widow of singer-songwriter John Lennon of the Beatles.", "Yoko Ono __knowledge__ Ono grew up in Tokyo and also spent several formative years in New York City.", "Yoko Ono __knowledge__ She studied at Gakushuin, but withdrew from her course after two years and moved to New York in 1953 to live with her family.", "Yoko Ono __knowledge__ She spent some time at Sarah Lawrence College and then became involved in New York City's downtown artists scene, which included the Fluxus group.", "Google __knowledge__ Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware.", "Google __knowledge__ Google was founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University, California.", "Google __knowledge__ Together, they own about 14 percent of its shares and control 56 percent of the stockholder voting power through supervoting stock.", "Google __knowledge__ They incorporated Google as a privately held company on September 4, 1998.", "Google __knowledge__ An Initial public offering (IPO) took place on August 19, 2004, and Google moved to its new headquarters in Mountain View, California, nicknamed the Googleplex.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google, based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open source software and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ In addition, Google has further developed Android TV for televisions, Android Auto for cars, and Android Wear for wrist watches, each with a specialized user interface.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ Variants of Android are also used on game consoles, digital cameras, PCs and other electronics.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ Initially developed by Android Inc., which Google bought in 2005, Android was unveiled in 2007, with the first commercial Android device launched in September 2008.", "History of Google __knowledge__ The Google company was launched in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin to market Google Search, which has become the most widely used web-based search engine.", "History of Google __knowledge__ Page and Brin, students at Stanford University in California, developed a search algorithmat first known as \"BackRub\"in 1996.", "History of Google __knowledge__ The search engine soon proved successful and the expanding company moved several times, finally settling at Mountain View in 2003.", "History of Google __knowledge__ This marked a phase of rapid growth, with the company making its initial public offering in 2004 and quickly becoming one of the world's largest media companies.", "History of Google __knowledge__ The company launched Google News in 2002, Gmail in 2004, Google Maps in 2005, Google Chrome in 2008, and the social network known as Google+ in 2011, in addition to many other products.", "Bank of America __knowledge__ Bank of America Corporation (abbreviated as BofA) is a multinational banking and financial services corporation headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States.", "Bank of America __knowledge__ It is ranked 2nd on the list of largest banks in the United States by assets.", "Bank of America __knowledge__ As of 2016, Bank of America was the 26th largest company in the United States by total revenue.", "Bank of America __knowledge__ In 2016, it was ranked #11 on the Forbes Magazine Global 2000 list of largest companies in the world.", "Bank of America __knowledge__ Its acquisition of Merrill Lynch in 2008 made it the world's largest wealth management corporation and a major player in the investment banking market.", "Bank of America __knowledge__ As of December 31, 2016, it had US$886.148 billion in assets under management (AUM).", "History of YouTube __knowledge__ YouTube was created by PayPal employees as a video-sharing website where users could upload, share and view content.", "History of YouTube __knowledge__ The Internet domain name \"codice_1\" was activated on Monday, February 14, 2005 at 9:13 p.m. YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, when they worked for PayPal.", "History of YouTube __knowledge__ Prior to working for PayPal, Hurley studied design at the Indiana University of Pennsylvania; Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.", "History of YouTube __knowledge__ YouTube's initial headquarters was above a pizzeria and Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California.", "History of YouTube __knowledge__ The domain name \"YouTube.com\" was activated on February 14, 2005 with video upload options being integrated on April 23, 2005.", "PewDiePie __knowledge__ Felix Arvid Ulf Kjellberg ( ; ; born 24 October 1989), known online as PewDiePie ( ), is a Swedish web-based comedian and video producer.", "PewDiePie __knowledge__ He is known for his Let's Play commentaries and vlogs, as well as his following on YouTube.", "PewDiePie __knowledge__ Born in Gothenburg, Sweden, PewDiePie originally pursued a degree in industrial economics and technology management at Chalmers University of Technology.", "PewDiePie __knowledge__ In 2010, during his time at the university, he registered a YouTube account under the name PewDiePie.", "PewDiePie __knowledge__ The following year, he dropped out of Chalmers after becoming disinterested with his degree field, much to the dismay of his parents." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "YouTube __knowledge__ YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California.", "YouTube __knowledge__ The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion; YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries.", "YouTube __knowledge__ YouTube allows users to upload, view, rate, share, add to favorites, report, comment on videos, and subscribe to other users.", "YouTube __knowledge__ It offers a wide variety of user-generated and corporate media videos.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Available content includes video clips, TV show clips, music videos, short and documentary films, audio recordings, movie trailers, live streams, and other content such as video blogging, short original videos, and educational videos.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Most of the content on YouTube is uploaded by individuals, but media corporations including CBS, the BBC, Vevo, and Hulu offer some of their material via YouTube as part of the YouTube partnership program.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Unregistered users can only watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos and add comments to videos.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Videos deemed potentially inappropriate are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Crash Bandicoot __knowledge__ Crash Bandicoot is a franchise of platform video games.", "Crash Bandicoot __knowledge__ The series was created by Andy Gavin and Jason Rubin during their tenure at Naughty Dog for Sony Computer Entertainment; the series was originally exclusive to the PlayStation family of video game consoles.", "Crash Bandicoot __knowledge__ The series has appeared on multiple platforms and gone through various developers and spans numerous genres.", "Crash Bandicoot __knowledge__ The series comprises eighteen games and shipped over 50 million copies worldwide.", "Crash Bandicoot __knowledge__ The first thirteen \"Crash\" titles were distributed by Universal Interactive Studios (which was owned by Activision Blizzard), while \"Crash of the Titans\", \"\" and \"N. Sane Trilogy\" were distributed by Activision Blizzard.", "Akira Kurosawa __knowledge__ Kurosawa entered the Japanese film industry in 1936, following a brief stint as a painter.", "Akira Kurosawa __knowledge__ After years of working on numerous films as an assistant director and scriptwriter, he made his debut as a director during World War II with the popular action film \"Sanshiro Sugata\" (a.k.a.", "Akira Kurosawa __knowledge__ \"Judo Saga\").", "Akira Kurosawa __knowledge__ After the war, the critically acclaimed \"Drunken Angel\" (1948), in which Kurosawa cast then-unknown actor Toshiro Mifune in a starring role, cemented the director's reputation as one of the most important young filmmakers in Japan.", "Akira Kurosawa __knowledge__ The two men would go on to collaborate on another 15 films.", "Akira Kurosawa __knowledge__ \"Rashomon\", which premiered in Tokyo, became the surprise winner of the Golden Lion at the 1952 Venice Film Festival.", "Hellboy II: The Golden Army __knowledge__ Hellboy II: The Golden Army is a 2008 American superhero film based on the fictional character Hellboy created by Mike Mignola.", "Hellboy II: The Golden Army __knowledge__ The film was written and directed by Guillermo del Toro and is a sequel to the 2004 film \"Hellboy\", which del Toro also directed.", "Hellboy II: The Golden Army __knowledge__ Ron Perlman reprises his starring role as the eponymous character.", "Hellboy II: The Golden Army __knowledge__ \"Hellboy II: The Golden Army\" was released by Universal Pictures.", "Hellboy II: The Golden Army __knowledge__ Unlike the first film, which featured a darker, gothic atmosphere, the film features a fantasy atmosphere.", "Hellboy II: The Golden Army __knowledge__ The film grossed over $160 million, against a budget of $85 million.", "Hellboy II: The Golden Army __knowledge__ It received positive reviews from critics, which praised the fantasy atmosphere in the film, as well as Perlman and the other cast's acting performances.", "Nobody But a Fool (Would Love You) __knowledge__ \"Nobody But a Fool (Would Love You)\" is a song written by Bill Anderson and released as a single by American country artist Connie Smith.", "Nobody But a Fool (Would Love You) __knowledge__ It was the second single spawned from her 1966 album \"Miss Smith Goes to Nashville\" and was produced by Bob Ferguson.", "Nobody But a Fool (Would Love You) __knowledge__ The single was released in January 1966 by RCA Victor and peaked within the Top 5 on the \"Billboard Magazine\" country music singles chart, becoming her fifth Top 10 hit in a row.", "Nobody But a Fool (Would Love You) __knowledge__ \"Nobody But a Fool (Would Love You)\" was the fourth single Smith recorded by Bill Anderson.", "Nobody But a Fool (Would Love You) __knowledge__ The song was recorded October 14, 1965 along with the songs, \"Same as Mine\", \"I'll Never Get Over Loving You\", and \"Holdin' On\".", "Cris Morena __knowledge__ María Cristina De Giacomi (born 23 August 1956), professionally known as Cris Morena, is an Argentine Award-winning television producer, actress, television presenter, composer, musician, songwriter, writer, former fashion model and CEO of Cris Morena Group.", "Cris Morena __knowledge__ She is one of the most successful producers in the country and is the creator of Argentina's most successful youth-oriented shows such as \"Jugate Conmigo\", \"Chiquititas\", \"Rebelde Way\", \"Floricienta\", \"Alma Pirata\", and \"Casi Ángeles\".", "Cris Morena __knowledge__ Until 2001, she worked directly for Telefe but, since \"Rebelde Way\", in 2002, she works independently and has her own production company Cris Morena Group.", "The Hobbit (film series) __knowledge__ The Hobbit is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson.", "The Hobbit (film series) __knowledge__ They are based on the 1937 novel \"The Hobbit\" by J. R. R. Tolkien, with large portions of the trilogy inspired by the appendices to \"The Return of the King\", which expand on the story told in \"The Hobbit\", as well as new material and characters written especially for the films.", "The Hobbit (film series) __knowledge__ Together they act as a prequel to Jackson's \"The Lord of the Rings\" film trilogy.", "The Hobbit (film series) __knowledge__ The films are subtitled \"\" (2012), \"\" (2013), and \"\" (2014).", "The Hobbit (film series) __knowledge__ The screenplay was written by Fran Walsh, Philippa Boyens, Jackson, and Guillermo del Toro, who was originally chosen to direct before his departure from the project.", "PayPal Mafia __knowledge__ \"PayPal Mafia\" is a term used to indicate a group of former PayPal employees and founders who have since founded and developed additional technology companies such as Tesla Motors, LinkedIn, Palantir Technologies, SpaceX, YouTube, Yelp, and Yammer.", "PayPal Mafia __knowledge__ Most of the members attended Stanford University or University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign at some point in their studies.", "PayPal Mafia __knowledge__ Six members, Peter Thiel, Elon Musk, Reid Hoffman, Luke Nosek, Ken Howery, and Keith Rabois, have become billionaires.", "PayPal Mafia __knowledge__ Originally, PayPal was a money-transfer service offered by a company called Confinity which was acquired by X.com in 1999.", "History of YouTube __knowledge__ YouTube was created by PayPal employees as a video-sharing website where users could upload, share and view content.", "History of YouTube __knowledge__ The Internet domain name \"codice_1\" was activated on Monday, February 14, 2005 at 9:13 p.m. YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, when they worked for PayPal.", "History of YouTube __knowledge__ Prior to working for PayPal, Hurley studied design at the Indiana University of Pennsylvania; Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.", "History of YouTube __knowledge__ YouTube's initial headquarters was above a pizzeria and Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California.", "History of YouTube __knowledge__ The domain name \"YouTube.com\" was activated on February 14, 2005 with video upload options being integrated on April 23, 2005.", "PayPal __knowledge__ PayPal Holdings, Inc. is an American company operating a worldwide online payments system that supports online money transfers and serves as an electronic alternative to traditional paper methods like checks and money orders.", "PayPal __knowledge__ PayPal is one of the world's largest Internet payment companies.", "PayPal __knowledge__ The company operates as a payment processor for online vendors, auction sites and other commercial users, for which it charges a small fee in exchange for benefits such as one-click transactions and password memory.", "PayPal __knowledge__ Established in 1998, PayPal had its initial public offering in 2002, and became a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay later that year.", "Yelp __knowledge__ Yelp is an American multinational corporation headquartered in San Francisco, California.", "Yelp __knowledge__ It develops, hosts and markets Yelp.com and the Yelp mobile app, which publish crowd-sourced reviews about local businesses, as well as the online reservation service Yelp Reservations.", "Yelp __knowledge__ The company also trains small businesses in how to respond to reviews, hosts social events for reviewers, and provides data about businesses, including health inspection scores.", "Yelp __knowledge__ Yelp was founded in 2004 by former PayPal employees Russel Simmons and Jeremy Stoppelman.", "Yelp __knowledge__ Yelp grew quickly and raised several rounds of funding.", "Yelp __knowledge__ By 2010 it had $30 million in revenues and the website had published more than 4.5 million crowd-sourced reviews.", "Anonymous (group) __knowledge__ Anonymous is a loosely associated international network of activist and hacktivist entities.", "Anonymous (group) __knowledge__ A website nominally associated with the group describes it as \"an Internet gathering\" with \"a very loose and decentralized command structure that operates on ideas rather than directives\".", "Anonymous (group) __knowledge__ The group became known for a series of well-publicized distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks on government, religions, and corporate websites.", "Anonymous (group) __knowledge__ Anonymous originated in 2003 on the imageboard 4chan, representing the concept of many online and offline community users simultaneously existing as an anarchic, digitized global brain.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ This list of Internet censorship and surveillance by country provides information on the types and levels of Internet censorship and surveillance that is occurring in countries around the world.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ Detailed country by country information on Internet censorship and surveillance is provided in the \"Freedom on the Net\" reports from Freedom House, by the OpenNet Initiative, by Reporters Without Borders, and in the \"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices\" from the U.S. State Department Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ The ratings produced by several of these organizations are summarized below as well as in the Censorship by country article." ] ]

[ 3, 63, 2 ]

[ "Google bought YouTube in November 2006 for $1.65 Billion. Imagine what you could do with that much money.", "YouTube was created by three PayPal employees as a video-sharing site. So, the site is still how they created it even though they sold it.", "Their names are Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim. Goodluck lol" ]

[ "YouTube", "YouTube", "YouTube" ]

[ "Pita\nDo you like Pita?", "What is your favorite kind of hummus to have with your pita", "spinach is my favorite.", "Where i live you can grow spinach year round. what state are you in if you dont mind me asking?", "Thats cool I have a really good friend who went to moorehead university. I stay in Texas and have a small garden and have grown spinach a few times." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pita __knowledge__ Pita ( or ) in Greek, sometimes spelled Pitta (mainly UK), also known as Arabic bread, Lebanese bread, or Syrian bread, is a soft, slightly leavened flatbread baked from wheat flour, which originated in Western Asia, most probably Mesopotamia around 2500 BC.", "Pita __knowledge__ It is used in many Mediterranean, Balkan, and Middle Eastern cuisines, and resembles other slightly leavened flatbreads such as Iranian \"nan-e barbari\", Central and South Asian flatbreads (such as \"naan\"), and pizza crust.", "Pita __knowledge__ The first known mention of the word in English was in 1936.", "Pita __knowledge__ The English word is borrowed from Modern Greek πίτα, in turn from the Byzantine Greek πίτα \"bread, cake, pie, pitta\" (attested in 1108) and possibly from the Ancient Greek πίττα or πίσσα \"pitch/resin\" (for the gloss), or Ancient Greek πικτή (\"pikte\"), \"fermented pastry,\" which may have passed to Latin as \"picta\" cf.", "Pita __knowledge__ pizza.", "Pita __knowledge__ It was received into Levantine Arabic (as \"fatteh,\" since Arabic lacks the sound /p/).", "Pita __knowledge__ Other hypotheses trace the word back to the Classical Hebrew word \"patt\" פת (literally \"a morsel of bread\").", "Pita __knowledge__ It is spelled like the Aramaic \"pittəṭā\"/\"pittā\" (פיתה), from which it was received into Byzantine Greek (see above).", "Pita __knowledge__ Hypotheses also exist for Germanic or Illyrian intermediaries.", "La Pita __knowledge__ La Pita is an emerald mine located in the western belt of the Colombian emerald mining area.", "La Pita __knowledge__ It is owned and operated by the Colombian company, Zuliana De Esmeraldas Ltda.", "La Pita __knowledge__ La Pita is one of Colombia's largest emerald mines in Colombia, tantamount to its competitor, previously called Puerto Artuto, at present known as the Muzo Mine.", "La Pita __knowledge__ La Pita has been one of the biggest contributors to Colombia's emerald production at times producing more than 80% of the total output of emeralds in Colombia.", "La Pita __knowledge__ La Pita was discovered when an access road was being built, the workers and owners of the land descended towards Río Minero and noticed a yellowish patch of earth accompanied by the black carbonate altered shales of the Muzo Formation.", "Man on Fire (2004 film) __knowledge__ Man on Fire is a 2004 British-American crime thriller film directed by Tony Scott from a screenplay by Brian Helgeland, and based on the 1980 novel of the same name by A. J. Quinnell.", "Man on Fire (2004 film) __knowledge__ The novel had previously been adapted into a feature film in 1987.", "Man on Fire (2004 film) __knowledge__ In this film, Denzel Washington portrays John Creasy, a despondent, alcoholic former CIA operative/U.S.", "Man on Fire (2004 film) __knowledge__ Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance officer-turned mercenary and bodyguard, who goes on a revenge rampage after his charge, nine-year-old Lupita \"Pita\" Ramos (Dakota Fanning), is abducted in Mexico City.", "Man on Fire (2004 film) __knowledge__ The supporting cast includes Christopher Walken, Radha Mitchell, Giancarlo Giannini, Marc Anthony, Rachel Ticotin and Mickey Rourke.", "Extreme Pita __knowledge__ Extreme Pita is a Canadian-based fast-casual chain, owned by MTY Group.", "Extreme Pita __knowledge__ Headquartered in Richmond Hill, Ontario, the company has more than 175 units throughout Canada and the United States.", "Extreme Pita __knowledge__ Extreme Pita serves pita sandwiches, salads, and pizza-style \"flat-baked\" pitas.", "Extreme Pita __knowledge__ Available ingredients include fresh vegetables, cheeses, meats and vegetarian options such as falafel and hummus.", "Extreme Pita __knowledge__ Extreme Pita was founded in 1997.", "Extreme Pita __knowledge__ The first Extreme Pita opened near Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo, Ontario in 1997, but the original location is no longer operating.", "Extreme Pita __knowledge__ The company continued to expand and grow over the years, expanding into new locations in Canada, from 1997 (the year when the first Extreme Pita was opened) to 2003 (when Extreme Pita began to expand into the United States).", "Naan __knowledge__ Naan is a leavened, oven-baked flatbread found in the cuisines of the Middle East, Central Asia and South Asia.", "Naan __knowledge__ The earliest appearance of \"naan\" in English is from 1810, in a travelogue of William Tooke.", "Naan __knowledge__ The Persian word \"nān\" 'bread' is attested in Middle Persian as \"n'n\" 'bread, food', which is of Iranian origin, and is a cognate with Parthian \"ngn\", Balochi \"nagan\", Sogdian \"nγn-\", and Pashto \"nəγan\" 'bread'.", "Naan __knowledge__ The form \"naan\" has a widespread distribution, having been borrowed in a range of languages spoken in Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent, where it usually refers to a kind of flatbread.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Elisala Pita __knowledge__ Elisala Pita OBE (d. 22 August 2016) was a Tuvaluan politician.", "Elisala Pita __knowledge__ Pita \"had a long and distinguished career with the Fisheries Department\" in Tuvalu, \"culminating in his being employed as a Fisheries Adviser with the USAID\".", "Elisala Pita __knowledge__ For the latter position, he was based in Suva, Fiji.", "Elisala Pita __knowledge__ He eventually returned to his home country, and worked in public service, becoming Permanent Secretary for Natural Resources and the Environment.", "Elisala Pita __knowledge__ In 2001, he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, \"for public and community service\".", "Elisala Pita __knowledge__ He first entered parliament as an MP for Nukufetau in a by-election in October 2003." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pita __knowledge__ Pita ( or ) in Greek, sometimes spelled Pitta (mainly UK), also known as Arabic bread, Lebanese bread, or Syrian bread, is a soft, slightly leavened flatbread baked from wheat flour, which originated in Western Asia, most probably Mesopotamia around 2500 BC.", "Pita __knowledge__ It is used in many Mediterranean, Balkan, and Middle Eastern cuisines, and resembles other slightly leavened flatbreads such as Iranian \"nan-e barbari\", Central and South Asian flatbreads (such as \"naan\"), and pizza crust.", "Pita __knowledge__ The first known mention of the word in English was in 1936.", "Pita __knowledge__ The English word is borrowed from Modern Greek πίτα, in turn from the Byzantine Greek πίτα \"bread, cake, pie, pitta\" (attested in 1108) and possibly from the Ancient Greek πίττα or πίσσα \"pitch/resin\" (for the gloss), or Ancient Greek πικτή (\"pikte\"), \"fermented pastry,\" which may have passed to Latin as \"picta\" cf.", "Pita __knowledge__ pizza.", "Pita __knowledge__ It was received into Levantine Arabic (as \"fatteh,\" since Arabic lacks the sound /p/).", "Pita __knowledge__ Other hypotheses trace the word back to the Classical Hebrew word \"patt\" פת (literally \"a morsel of bread\").", "Pita __knowledge__ It is spelled like the Aramaic \"pittəṭā\"/\"pittā\" (פיתה), from which it was received into Byzantine Greek (see above).", "Pita __knowledge__ Hypotheses also exist for Germanic or Illyrian intermediaries.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Hummus __knowledge__ Hummus (, , or ; , full Arabic name: hummus bi tahini ) is a Levantine dip or spread made from cooked, mashed chickpeas or other beans, blended with tahini, olive oil, lemon juice, salt and garlic.", "Hummus __knowledge__ It is popular in the Middle East and in Middle Eastern cuisine around the globe.", "Hummus __knowledge__ It can also be found in most grocery stores in North America and Europe.", "Hummus __knowledge__ \"Hummus\" comes from the Arabic word meaning \"chickpeas\", and the complete name of the prepared spread in Arabic is \"ḥummuṣ bi ṭaḥīna\" which means \"chickpeas with tahini\".", "Hummus __knowledge__ Spelling of the word in English can be inconsistent.", "Hummus __knowledge__ \"Hummus\" is the most common spelling in both American and British English.", "Palestinian cuisine __knowledge__ Palestinian cuisine consists of foods from or commonly eaten by Palestinians—which includes those living in Palestine, Israel, Jordan, refugee camps in nearby countries as well as by the Palestinian diaspora.", "Palestinian cuisine __knowledge__ The cuisine is a diffusion of the cultures of civilizations that settled in the region of Palestine, particularly during and after the Islamic era beginning with the Arab Ummayad conquest, then the eventual Persian-influenced Abbasids and ending with the strong influences of Turkish cuisine, resulting from the coming of the Ottoman Turks.", "Palestinian cuisine __knowledge__ It is similar to other Levantine cuisines, including Lebanese, Syrian and Jordanian.", "My Favorite Kind of Geniie __knowledge__ My Favorite Kind of Geniie () is Taiwanese Mandopop artist Genie Chuo's () fourth Mandarin studio album.", "My Favorite Kind of Geniie __knowledge__ It was released by Rock Records on 7 November 2008 with two album cover versions: \"My Favorite Kind of Geniie (Sexy Edition)\" (超級喜歡 [初] 輕熟性感盤) and \"My Favorite Kind of Geniie (Sweet Edition)\" (超級喜歡 [漾] 可口甜心盤) both with the same bonus DVD.", "My Favorite Kind of Geniie __knowledge__ Two more editions were released: \"My Favorite Kind of Geniie (Collectable Edition)\" (超級喜歡 獨家快樂珍藏盤) on 23 December 2008 and \"My Favorite Kind of Geniie (New Year Edition)\" (超級喜歡 新春感謝回饋盤) on 20 January 2009, both with different bonus DVD.", "My Favorite Kind of Geniie __knowledge__ Four editions were released by Rock Records:", "Extreme Pita __knowledge__ Extreme Pita is a Canadian-based fast-casual chain, owned by MTY Group.", "Extreme Pita __knowledge__ Headquartered in Richmond Hill, Ontario, the company has more than 175 units throughout Canada and the United States.", "Extreme Pita __knowledge__ Extreme Pita serves pita sandwiches, salads, and pizza-style \"flat-baked\" pitas.", "Extreme Pita __knowledge__ Available ingredients include fresh vegetables, cheeses, meats and vegetarian options such as falafel and hummus.", "Extreme Pita __knowledge__ Extreme Pita was founded in 1997.", "Extreme Pita __knowledge__ The first Extreme Pita opened near Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo, Ontario in 1997, but the original location is no longer operating.", "Extreme Pita __knowledge__ The company continued to expand and grow over the years, expanding into new locations in Canada, from 1997 (the year when the first Extreme Pita was opened) to 2003 (when Extreme Pita began to expand into the United States).", "Brian Stack __knowledge__ Brian Stack (born August 18, 1964) is an American actor, comedian, and writer best known for his sketch comedy work on all three Conan O'Brien late-night talk shows, previously working on \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\" and \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\", and on O'Brien's current talk show, \"Conan\" on TBS.", "Brian Stack __knowledge__ Stack left \"Conan\" in April 2015 to join the writing staff of the CBS series \"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert\".", "Brian Stack __knowledge__ Stack was born in Chicago, Illinois.", "Brian Stack __knowledge__ He attended Catholic schools from grades 5-12, graduating from St. Viator High School in Arlington Heights, Illinois.", "Brian Stack __knowledge__ He earned an undergraduate degree from Indiana University, where he was inducted into Phi Beta Kappa.", "Middle Eastern cuisine __knowledge__ Middle Eastern cuisine is the cuisine of the various countries and peoples of the Middle East.", "Middle Eastern cuisine __knowledge__ The cuisine of the region is diverse while having a degree of homogeneity.", "Middle Eastern cuisine __knowledge__ It includes Arab, Iranian/Persian, Israeli, Assyrian, Armenian, Kurdish, Greek, Cypriot, Azerbaijani and Turkish cuisines.", "Middle Eastern cuisine __knowledge__ In 2017, Middle Eastern cuisine was claimed by many sources to be one of the most popular and fastest growing ethnic cuisines in the US.", "Middle Eastern cuisine __knowledge__ Some commonly used ingredients include olives and olive oil, pitas, honey, sesame seeds, dates, sumac, chickpeas, mint, rice, and parsley.", "Middle Eastern cuisine __knowledge__ Some popular dishes include kebabs, dolma, baklava, yogurt, doner kebab,shawarma and Mulukhiyah.", "Kebab __knowledge__ Kebabs (also kabobs) are various cooked meat dishes, with their origins in Middle Eastern cuisine.", "Kebab __knowledge__ Many variants are popular throughout Asia, and around the world.", "Kebab __knowledge__ In Indian English and in the languages of the Middle East, other parts of Asia, and the Muslim world, \"kebab\" is a broad term covering a wide variety of grilled meat dishes.", "Kebab __knowledge__ Although kebabs are often cooked on a skewer, many types of kebab are not.", "Kebab __knowledge__ Kebab dishes can consist of cut up or ground meat or seafood, sometimes with fruits and vegetables; cooked on a skewer over a fire, or like a hamburger on a grill, baked in a pan in an oven, or as a stew; and served with various accompaniments according to each recipe.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Jewish cuisine __knowledge__ Jewish cuisine is a diverse collection of cooking traditions of the Jewish people worldwide.", "Jewish cuisine __knowledge__ It has evolved over many centuries, shaped by Jewish dietary laws (kashrut), Jewish Festival, and \"Shabbat\" (Sabbath) traditions.", "Jewish cuisine __knowledge__ Jewish cuisine is influenced by the economics, agriculture, and culinary traditions of the many countries where Jewish communities have settled and varies widely throughout the whole world.", "Jewish cuisine __knowledge__ The distinctive styles in Jewish cuisine are Ashkenazi, Sephardi, Mizrahi, Persian, Yemenite, Indian, and Latin-American.", "Jewish cuisine __knowledge__ There are also dishes from Jewish communities from Ethiopia to Central Asia.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Midwestern cuisine is a regional cuisine of the American Midwest.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It draws its culinary roots most significantly from the cuisines of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, and Native North America, and is influenced by regionally and locally grown foodstuffs and cultural diversity.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Everyday Midwestern home cooking generally showcases simple and hearty dishes that make use of the abundance of locally grown foods.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Its culinary profiles may seem synonymous with \"American food.\"", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Quoted in a 2007 interview with the \"Daily Herald\", Chef Stephen Langlois, a pioneer in the Midwestern local food movement, described it: \"Think of Thanksgiving dinner.", "Bulgarian cuisine __knowledge__ Bulgarian cuisine () is a representative of the cuisine of Eastern Europe.", "Bulgarian cuisine __knowledge__ It shares characteristics with other Balkans cuisines.", "Bulgarian cuisine __knowledge__ Bulgarian cooking traditions are diverse because of geographical factors such as climatic conditions suitable for a variety of vegetables, herbs and fruit.", "Bulgarian cuisine __knowledge__ Aside from the vast variety of local Bulgarian dishes, Bulgarian cuisine shares a number of dishes with the Russian, Turkish, and Greek cuisine.", "Bulgarian cuisine __knowledge__ Bulgarian food often incorporates salads as appetizers and is also noted for the prominence of dairy products, wines and other alcoholic drinks such as rakia.", "Bulgarian cuisine __knowledge__ The cuisine also features a variety of soups, such as the cold soup tarator, and pastries, such as the filo dough based banitsa, pita and the various types of börek." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pita __knowledge__ Pita ( or ) in Greek, sometimes spelled Pitta (mainly UK), also known as Arabic bread, Lebanese bread, or Syrian bread, is a soft, slightly leavened flatbread baked from wheat flour, which originated in Western Asia, most probably Mesopotamia around 2500 BC.", "Pita __knowledge__ It is used in many Mediterranean, Balkan, and Middle Eastern cuisines, and resembles other slightly leavened flatbreads such as Iranian \"nan-e barbari\", Central and South Asian flatbreads (such as \"naan\"), and pizza crust.", "Pita __knowledge__ The first known mention of the word in English was in 1936.", "Pita __knowledge__ The English word is borrowed from Modern Greek πίτα, in turn from the Byzantine Greek πίτα \"bread, cake, pie, pitta\" (attested in 1108) and possibly from the Ancient Greek πίττα or πίσσα \"pitch/resin\" (for the gloss), or Ancient Greek πικτή (\"pikte\"), \"fermented pastry,\" which may have passed to Latin as \"picta\" cf.", "Pita __knowledge__ pizza.", "Pita __knowledge__ It was received into Levantine Arabic (as \"fatteh,\" since Arabic lacks the sound /p/).", "Pita __knowledge__ Other hypotheses trace the word back to the Classical Hebrew word \"patt\" פת (literally \"a morsel of bread\").", "Pita __knowledge__ It is spelled like the Aramaic \"pittəṭā\"/\"pittā\" (פיתה), from which it was received into Byzantine Greek (see above).", "Pita __knowledge__ Hypotheses also exist for Germanic or Illyrian intermediaries.", "Spinach __knowledge__ Spinach (\"Spinacia oleracea\") is an edible flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae native to central and western Asia.", "Spinach __knowledge__ Its leaves are eaten as a vegetable.", "Spinach __knowledge__ It is an annual plant (rarely biennial) growing as tall as .", "Spinach __knowledge__ Spinach may survive over winter in temperate regions.", "Spinach __knowledge__ The leaves are alternate, simple, ovate to triangular, and very variable in size from about long and broad, with larger leaves at the base of the plant and small leaves higher on the flowering stem.", "Spinach __knowledge__ The flowers are inconspicuous, yellow-green, in diameter, maturing into a small, hard, dry, lumpy fruit cluster across containing several seeds.", "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in spinach __knowledge__ The 2006 North American \"E. coli\" outbreak was an outbreak from spinach.", "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in spinach __knowledge__ The outbreak occurred in September 2006 and its probable origin was an Angus cattle ranch that had leased land to spinach grower.", "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in spinach __knowledge__ At least 276 consumer illnesses and 3 deaths have been attributed to the tainted produce.", "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in spinach __knowledge__ In September 2006, there was an outbreak of food-borne illness caused by \"Escherichia coli\" (\"E. coli\") bacteria found in uncooked spinach in 26 U.S. states.", "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in spinach __knowledge__ By October 6, 2006 199 people had been infected, including three people who died and 31 who suffered a type of kidney failure called hemolytic uremic syndrome after eating spinach contaminated with the , a potentially deadly bacterium that causes bloody diarrhea and dehydration.", "Popeye __knowledge__ Popeye the Sailor is a cartoon fictional character created by Elzie Crisler Segar.", "Popeye __knowledge__ The character first appeared in the daily King Features comic strip, Thimble Theatre, on January 17, 1929, and Popeye became the strip's title in later years; Popeye has also appeared in theatrical and television animated cartoons.", "Popeye __knowledge__ Segar's \"Thimble Theatre\" strip was in its 10th year when Popeye made his debut, but the one-eyed (left) sailor quickly became the main focus of the strip, and \"Thimble Theatre\" became one of King Features' most popular properties during the 1930s.", "Popeye __knowledge__ After Segar's death in 1938, \"Thimble Theatre\" was continued by several writers and artists, most notably Segar's assistant Bud Sagendorf.", "Basella alba __knowledge__ Basella alba is an edible perennial vine in the family Basellaceae.", "Basella alba __knowledge__ It is found in tropical Asia and Africa where it is widely used as a leaf vegetable.", "Basella alba __knowledge__ It is native to the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia and New Guinea.", "Basella alba __knowledge__ It is reportedly naturalized in China, tropical Africa, Brazil, Belize, Colombia, the West Indies, Fiji and French Polynesia.", "Basella alba __knowledge__ \"Basella alba\" is known under various common names, including Malabar Spinach, vine spinach, red vine spinach, climbing spinach, creeping spinach, buffalo spinach and Ceylon spinach among others.", "Basella alba __knowledge__ \"Basella alba\" is a fast-growing, soft-stemmed vine, reaching in length.", "Spinach in the United States __knowledge__ Driven by fresh-market use, the consumption of spinach (\"Spinacia oleracea\") has been on the rise in the United States.", "Spinach in the United States __knowledge__ Per capita use of fresh-market spinach averaged during 2004–06, the highest since the mid-1940s.", "Spinach in the United States __knowledge__ The fresh market now accounts for about three-fourths of all US spinach consumed.", "Spinach in the United States __knowledge__ Much of the growth over the past decade has been due to sales of triple-washed, cello-packed spinach and, more recently, baby spinach.", "Spinach in the United States __knowledge__ These packaged products have been one of the fastest-growing segments of the packaged salad industry.", "Spinach in the United States __knowledge__ The United States is the world’s second-largest producer of spinach, with 3% of world output, following China (PRC), which accounts for 85% of output.", "I say it's spinach __knowledge__ I say it's spinach (sometimes given in full as I say it's spinach and I say the hell with it or further abbreviated to just spinach) is a twentieth-century American idiom The phrase originated as the caption of a gag cartoon published in \"The New Yorker\" on December 8, 1928.", "I say it's spinach __knowledge__ Drawn by Carl Rose and captioned by E. B.", "I say it's spinach __knowledge__ White, the cartoon shows a modern bourgeois mother at table trying to convince her young daughter to eat her vegetable, the dialogue being What White called \"the spinach joke\" quickly became one of the \"New Yorker\" cartoon captions to enter the vernacular (later examples include Peter Arno's \"\" and Peter Steiner's \"On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog\"), becoming a bon mot of the 1930s, with continued, though diminishing, use into the early 21st century.", "Stir fried water spinach __knowledge__ Stir fried water spinach is a common Asian vegetable dish of stir-fried water spinach (\"Ipomoea aquatica\").", "Stir fried water spinach __knowledge__ It is a popular Asian vegetable dish, commonly found throughout East and Southeast Asia; from Sichuan and Cantonese cuisine in China, to Vietnamese, Malaysian, Singaporean and Indonesian cuisine.", "Stir fried water spinach __knowledge__ As a result, it is known by many names; such as tumis kangkung or cah kangkung in Indonesia, kangkong goreng in Malaysia, rau muống xào in Vietnam, stir fry kong xin cai (空心菜), stir fry tung choy or ong choy (通菜) in China.", "Stir fried water spinach __knowledge__ \"Kangkung\" (in Indonesia) and \"kangkong\" (in Malaysia) are water spinach.", "Stir fried water spinach __knowledge__ In Indonesian \"tumis kangkung\" means \"stir-fried water spinach\".", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Black pepper __knowledge__ Black pepper (\"Piper nigrum\") is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning, known as a peppercorn.", "Black pepper __knowledge__ When fresh and fully mature, it is approximately in diameter and dark red, and contains a single seed like all drupes.", "Black pepper __knowledge__ Peppercorns and the ground pepper derived from them may be described simply as pepper, or more precisely as black pepper (cooked and dried unripe fruit), green pepper (dried unripe fruit), and white pepper (ripe fruit seeds).", "Black pepper __knowledge__ Black pepper is native to south India and is extensively cultivated there and elsewhere in tropical regions.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Sausage __knowledge__ A sausage is a cylindrical meat product usually made from ground meat, often pork, beef, or veal, along with salt, spices and other flavourings, and breadcrumbs, encased by a skin.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Typically, a sausage is formed in a casing traditionally made from intestine, but sometimes from synthetic materials.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Sausages that are sold raw are cooked in many ways, including pan-frying, broiling and barbecuing.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Some sausages are cooked during processing and the casing may then be removed.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Sausage making is a traditional food preservation technique.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Sausages may be preserved by curing, drying (often in association with fermentation or culturing, which can contribute to preservation), smoking, or freezing.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Originating from ancient agricultural and nomadic traditions in the Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria, Korean cuisine has evolved through a complex interaction of the natural environment and different cultural trends.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine is largely based on rice, vegetables, and meats.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional Korean meals are noted for the number of side dishes (반찬; \"banchan\") that accompany steam-cooked short-grain rice.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Kimchi is served at nearly every meal.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Commonly used ingredients include sesame oil, \"doenjang\" (fermented bean paste), soy sauce, salt, garlic, ginger, pepper flakes, \"gochujang\" (fermented red chili paste) and napa cabbage.", "Palestinian cuisine __knowledge__ Palestinian cuisine consists of foods from or commonly eaten by Palestinians—which includes those living in Palestine, Israel, Jordan, refugee camps in nearby countries as well as by the Palestinian diaspora.", "Palestinian cuisine __knowledge__ The cuisine is a diffusion of the cultures of civilizations that settled in the region of Palestine, particularly during and after the Islamic era beginning with the Arab Ummayad conquest, then the eventual Persian-influenced Abbasids and ending with the strong influences of Turkish cuisine, resulting from the coming of the Ottoman Turks.", "Palestinian cuisine __knowledge__ It is similar to other Levantine cuisines, including Lebanese, Syrian and Jordanian.", "Crushed red pepper __knowledge__ Crushed red pepper (CRP) or red pepper flakes (RPF) is a condiment consisting of dried and crushed (as opposed to ground) red chili peppers.", "Crushed red pepper __knowledge__ This condiment is most often produced from cayenne-type peppers, although commercial producers may use a variety of different cultivars, usually within the 30,000–50,000 Scoville unit range.", "Crushed red pepper __knowledge__ The town of Bukovo in the Republic of Macedonia is credited with the creation of crushed red pepper.", "Crushed red pepper __knowledge__ The name of the village—or a derivative of it—is now used as a name for crushed red pepper in general in a number of Southeast European languages: \"буковка\" (\"bukovka\", Macedonian), \"bukovka\" (Serbian, Croatian and Slovene) and \"μπούκοβο\" (\"búkovo\", Greek)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pita __knowledge__ Pita ( or ) in Greek, sometimes spelled Pitta (mainly UK), also known as Arabic bread, Lebanese bread, or Syrian bread, is a soft, slightly leavened flatbread baked from wheat flour, which originated in Western Asia, most probably Mesopotamia around 2500 BC.", "Pita __knowledge__ It is used in many Mediterranean, Balkan, and Middle Eastern cuisines, and resembles other slightly leavened flatbreads such as Iranian \"nan-e barbari\", Central and South Asian flatbreads (such as \"naan\"), and pizza crust.", "Pita __knowledge__ The first known mention of the word in English was in 1936.", "Pita __knowledge__ The English word is borrowed from Modern Greek πίτα, in turn from the Byzantine Greek πίτα \"bread, cake, pie, pitta\" (attested in 1108) and possibly from the Ancient Greek πίττα or πίσσα \"pitch/resin\" (for the gloss), or Ancient Greek πικτή (\"pikte\"), \"fermented pastry,\" which may have passed to Latin as \"picta\" cf.", "Pita __knowledge__ pizza.", "Pita __knowledge__ It was received into Levantine Arabic (as \"fatteh,\" since Arabic lacks the sound /p/).", "Pita __knowledge__ Other hypotheses trace the word back to the Classical Hebrew word \"patt\" פת (literally \"a morsel of bread\").", "Pita __knowledge__ It is spelled like the Aramaic \"pittəṭā\"/\"pittā\" (פיתה), from which it was received into Byzantine Greek (see above).", "Pita __knowledge__ Hypotheses also exist for Germanic or Illyrian intermediaries.", "Spinach __knowledge__ Spinach (\"Spinacia oleracea\") is an edible flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae native to central and western Asia.", "Spinach __knowledge__ Its leaves are eaten as a vegetable.", "Spinach __knowledge__ It is an annual plant (rarely biennial) growing as tall as .", "Spinach __knowledge__ Spinach may survive over winter in temperate regions.", "Spinach __knowledge__ The leaves are alternate, simple, ovate to triangular, and very variable in size from about long and broad, with larger leaves at the base of the plant and small leaves higher on the flowering stem.", "Spinach __knowledge__ The flowers are inconspicuous, yellow-green, in diameter, maturing into a small, hard, dry, lumpy fruit cluster across containing several seeds.", "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in spinach __knowledge__ The 2006 North American \"E. coli\" outbreak was an outbreak from spinach.", "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in spinach __knowledge__ The outbreak occurred in September 2006 and its probable origin was an Angus cattle ranch that had leased land to spinach grower.", "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in spinach __knowledge__ At least 276 consumer illnesses and 3 deaths have been attributed to the tainted produce.", "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in spinach __knowledge__ In September 2006, there was an outbreak of food-borne illness caused by \"Escherichia coli\" (\"E. coli\") bacteria found in uncooked spinach in 26 U.S. states.", "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in spinach __knowledge__ By October 6, 2006 199 people had been infected, including three people who died and 31 who suffered a type of kidney failure called hemolytic uremic syndrome after eating spinach contaminated with the , a potentially deadly bacterium that causes bloody diarrhea and dehydration.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The 2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\", \"Bama\" or \"The Tide\") represented the University of Alabama in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ It was the Crimson Tide's 117th overall and 78th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and its 20th within the SEC Western Division.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The team was led by head coach Nick Saban, in his fifth year, and played their home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ They finished the season with a record of twelve wins and one loss (12–1 overall, 7–1 in the SEC) and as consensus national champions.", "Popeye __knowledge__ Popeye the Sailor is a cartoon fictional character created by Elzie Crisler Segar.", "Popeye __knowledge__ The character first appeared in the daily King Features comic strip, Thimble Theatre, on January 17, 1929, and Popeye became the strip's title in later years; Popeye has also appeared in theatrical and television animated cartoons.", "Popeye __knowledge__ Segar's \"Thimble Theatre\" strip was in its 10th year when Popeye made his debut, but the one-eyed (left) sailor quickly became the main focus of the strip, and \"Thimble Theatre\" became one of King Features' most popular properties during the 1930s.", "Popeye __knowledge__ After Segar's death in 1938, \"Thimble Theatre\" was continued by several writers and artists, most notably Segar's assistant Bud Sagendorf.", "Basella alba __knowledge__ Basella alba is an edible perennial vine in the family Basellaceae.", "Basella alba __knowledge__ It is found in tropical Asia and Africa where it is widely used as a leaf vegetable.", "Basella alba __knowledge__ It is native to the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia and New Guinea.", "Basella alba __knowledge__ It is reportedly naturalized in China, tropical Africa, Brazil, Belize, Colombia, the West Indies, Fiji and French Polynesia.", "Basella alba __knowledge__ \"Basella alba\" is known under various common names, including Malabar Spinach, vine spinach, red vine spinach, climbing spinach, creeping spinach, buffalo spinach and Ceylon spinach among others.", "Basella alba __knowledge__ \"Basella alba\" is a fast-growing, soft-stemmed vine, reaching in length.", "Spinach in the United States __knowledge__ Driven by fresh-market use, the consumption of spinach (\"Spinacia oleracea\") has been on the rise in the United States.", "Spinach in the United States __knowledge__ Per capita use of fresh-market spinach averaged during 2004–06, the highest since the mid-1940s.", "Spinach in the United States __knowledge__ The fresh market now accounts for about three-fourths of all US spinach consumed.", "Spinach in the United States __knowledge__ Much of the growth over the past decade has been due to sales of triple-washed, cello-packed spinach and, more recently, baby spinach.", "Spinach in the United States __knowledge__ These packaged products have been one of the fastest-growing segments of the packaged salad industry.", "Spinach in the United States __knowledge__ The United States is the world’s second-largest producer of spinach, with 3% of world output, following China (PRC), which accounts for 85% of output.", "Fungicide use in the United States __knowledge__ A more accurate title for this page would be \"Common plant pathogens to food crops in the United States\".", "Fungicide use in the United States __knowledge__ Symptoms of Alternaria leaf spot appear as lesions with tan spots on the leaves.", "Fungicide use in the United States __knowledge__ The centers of these lesions become black with fungal sporulation.", "Fungicide use in the United States __knowledge__ This infection can lead to tree death within 3–4 years of the first serious outbreak.", "Fungicide use in the United States __knowledge__ Orchards in high humidity areas result in the largest yield loss, often in excess of 50%.", "Fungicide use in the United States __knowledge__ Yield loss tends to rise every year as the tree becomes weaker each year after infection.", "Fungicide use in the United States __knowledge__ Three fungicide applications can achieve 60–80% control of leaf spot.", "Fungicide use in the United States __knowledge__ Anthracnose was not seen on California almonds until the early 1990s.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Hummus __knowledge__ Hummus (, , or ; , full Arabic name: hummus bi tahini ) is a Levantine dip or spread made from cooked, mashed chickpeas or other beans, blended with tahini, olive oil, lemon juice, salt and garlic.", "Hummus __knowledge__ It is popular in the Middle East and in Middle Eastern cuisine around the globe.", "Hummus __knowledge__ It can also be found in most grocery stores in North America and Europe.", "Hummus __knowledge__ \"Hummus\" comes from the Arabic word meaning \"chickpeas\", and the complete name of the prepared spread in Arabic is \"ḥummuṣ bi ṭaḥīna\" which means \"chickpeas with tahini\".", "Hummus __knowledge__ Spelling of the word in English can be inconsistent.", "Hummus __knowledge__ \"Hummus\" is the most common spelling in both American and British English." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pita __knowledge__ Pita ( or ) in Greek, sometimes spelled Pitta (mainly UK), also known as Arabic bread, Lebanese bread, or Syrian bread, is a soft, slightly leavened flatbread baked from wheat flour, which originated in Western Asia, most probably Mesopotamia around 2500 BC.", "Pita __knowledge__ It is used in many Mediterranean, Balkan, and Middle Eastern cuisines, and resembles other slightly leavened flatbreads such as Iranian \"nan-e barbari\", Central and South Asian flatbreads (such as \"naan\"), and pizza crust.", "Pita __knowledge__ The first known mention of the word in English was in 1936.", "Pita __knowledge__ The English word is borrowed from Modern Greek πίτα, in turn from the Byzantine Greek πίτα \"bread, cake, pie, pitta\" (attested in 1108) and possibly from the Ancient Greek πίττα or πίσσα \"pitch/resin\" (for the gloss), or Ancient Greek πικτή (\"pikte\"), \"fermented pastry,\" which may have passed to Latin as \"picta\" cf.", "Pita __knowledge__ pizza.", "Pita __knowledge__ It was received into Levantine Arabic (as \"fatteh,\" since Arabic lacks the sound /p/).", "Pita __knowledge__ Other hypotheses trace the word back to the Classical Hebrew word \"patt\" פת (literally \"a morsel of bread\").", "Pita __knowledge__ It is spelled like the Aramaic \"pittəṭā\"/\"pittā\" (פיתה), from which it was received into Byzantine Greek (see above).", "Pita __knowledge__ Hypotheses also exist for Germanic or Illyrian intermediaries.", "Agnes Moorehead __knowledge__ Agnes Robertson Moorehead (December 6, 1900April 30, 1974) was an American actress whose six-decade career included work in radio, stage, film, and television.", "Agnes Moorehead __knowledge__ She was primarily known for her role as Endora on the television series \"Bewitched\".", "Agnes Moorehead __knowledge__ She was also notable for her film roles in \"Citizen Kane\", \"The Magnificent Ambersons\", \"All That Heaven Allows\", \"Show Boat\", and \"Hush… Hush, Sweet Charlotte\".", "Agnes Moorehead __knowledge__ Moorehead rarely played lead roles, but her skill at character development and range earned her one Primetime Emmy Award and two Golden Globe awards in addition to four Academy Award and six Emmy Award nominations.", "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in spinach __knowledge__ The 2006 North American \"E. coli\" outbreak was an outbreak from spinach.", "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in spinach __knowledge__ The outbreak occurred in September 2006 and its probable origin was an Angus cattle ranch that had leased land to spinach grower.", "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in spinach __knowledge__ At least 276 consumer illnesses and 3 deaths have been attributed to the tainted produce.", "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in spinach __knowledge__ In September 2006, there was an outbreak of food-borne illness caused by \"Escherichia coli\" (\"E. coli\") bacteria found in uncooked spinach in 26 U.S. states.", "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in spinach __knowledge__ By October 6, 2006 199 people had been infected, including three people who died and 31 who suffered a type of kidney failure called hemolytic uremic syndrome after eating spinach contaminated with the , a potentially deadly bacterium that causes bloody diarrhea and dehydration.", "Warren K. Moorehead __knowledge__ Warren King Moorehead was known in his time as the 'Dean of American archaeology'; born in Siena, Italy to missionary parents on March 10, 1866, he died on January 5, 1939 at the age of 72, and is buried in his hometown of Xenia, Ohio.", "Warren K. Moorehead __knowledge__ His mother died when he was quite young, and while his father remarried and became head of a Presbyterian seminary in Xenia, Ohio, his travels for keeping that institution open left young Warren and his sister in the care of two aunts, who are recalled vividly in Helen Hooven Santmyer's non-fictional \"\"Ohio Town\"\" and the novel \"\"And Ladies of the Club.\"\"", "Warren K. Moorehead __knowledge__ Their brother, Moorehead's grandfather, was Joseph Warren King, whose wealth from the King's Powder Mills fortune rooted in the American Civil War became both an opportunity and a curse for the fledgeling archaeologist.", "List of Veronica Mars characters __knowledge__ \"Veronica Mars\" is an American television series created by Rob Thomas.", "List of Veronica Mars characters __knowledge__ The series premiered on September 22, 2004, during UPN's last two years, and ended on May 22, 2007, after a season on UPN's successor, The CW Television Network.", "List of Veronica Mars characters __knowledge__ Balancing murder mystery, high-school and college drama, the series features social commentary with sarcasm and off-beat humor in a style often compared to film noir.", "List of Veronica Mars characters __knowledge__ Set in the fictional town of Neptune, the series starred Kristen Bell as the title character, a student who progressed from high school to college during the series while moonlighting as a private investigator under the wing of her detective father.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters who first appeared or were due to appear in the British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\" during 2011, listed in order of their first appearance.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ In January 2011, it was announced that Gareth Philips would be taking over the role of series producer from Paul Marquess, who had been with the show for one year.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ Ruby Button, played by Anna Shaffer, is the younger sister of Duncan Button (Dean Aspen).", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ She made her first on-screen appearance on 3 January 2011.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ In December 2010, the \"Liverpool Echo\" announced that eighteen-year-old Shaffer would be joining the cast as Ruby.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ This a list of fictional characters in the television series, Big Time Rush.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ The article deals with main, recurring, minor character and notable guest stars.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ Kendall Knight (Kendall Schmidt) is the leader and founder of Big Time Rush (despite being the youngest) when he accepts to move to Los Angeles and record demos only if Gustavo brings James, Carlos, and Logan along to make them all a band.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He is portrayed as the glue that keeps the band together.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He manages to stay cool under pressure (described as \"Cool Rush\") and figure out solutions to problems, thus often resulting in the other guys running to Kendall when they have a problem, being the most mature and responsible member of Big Time Rush.", "Green Thumb Theatre __knowledge__ Green Thumb Theatre (also known as the Green Thumb Theatre for Young People and simply as Green Thumb) is a Canadian children's theatre company based in Vancouver, British Columbia that was founded in 1975.", "Green Thumb Theatre __knowledge__ Playwright Dennis Foon was one of the co-founders.", "Green Thumb Theatre __knowledge__ The theatre building out of which Green Thumb operates is located in East Vancouver near the Vancouver East Cultural Centre.", "Green Thumb Theatre __knowledge__ English Canadian Ken Peirson was the manager of Green Thumb from 1982 to 1985.", "Green Thumb Theatre __knowledge__ In 1982, Green Thumb produced \"Feeling Yes, Feeling No\", a sexual abuse prevention program.", "Green Thumb Theatre __knowledge__ Green Thumb performed the premiere of Colin Thomas' play \"One Thousand Cranes\" in 1983.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Popeye __knowledge__ Popeye the Sailor is a cartoon fictional character created by Elzie Crisler Segar.", "Popeye __knowledge__ The character first appeared in the daily King Features comic strip, Thimble Theatre, on January 17, 1929, and Popeye became the strip's title in later years; Popeye has also appeared in theatrical and television animated cartoons.", "Popeye __knowledge__ Segar's \"Thimble Theatre\" strip was in its 10th year when Popeye made his debut, but the one-eyed (left) sailor quickly became the main focus of the strip, and \"Thimble Theatre\" became one of King Features' most popular properties during the 1930s.", "Popeye __knowledge__ After Segar's death in 1938, \"Thimble Theatre\" was continued by several writers and artists, most notably Segar's assistant Bud Sagendorf.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies." ] ]

[ 2, 0, 10, 35, 0 ]

[ "I love pita! Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cuisine are some of my favorite dishes.", "I prefer red pepper. The flavor goes well with Pita. What's your favorite?", "I wish I could find good fresh spinach so I could make my own spinach hummus. ", "I'm in Kentucky, but I don't have a very green thumb. We don't have a wide variety of fresh markets where I am, even though the consumption of spinach is higher. We live in a rural area.", "Oh, Texas is hot! I used to go to Brownsville/Olmito every year. We want to start a garden, maybe my husband can grow spinach better than I can. Ha!" ]

[ "Pita", "Pita", "Pita", "Pita", "Pita" ]

[ "Johann Sebastian Bach\nI love classical music and Johann Sebastian Bach", "I learnt his parents died, at what age did he lose them?", "Which is his original country of birth?", "Fantastic, what influenced his musical style?", "Amazing, thanks alot for enlightening me about Johann Sebastian Bach" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ Johann Sebastian Bach (28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the Baroque period.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ He is known for instrumental compositions such as the \"Brandenburg Concertos\" and the \"Goldberg Variations\", and vocal music such as the \"St Matthew Passion\" and the Mass in B minor.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ Since the 19th-century Bach Revival he has been generally regarded as one of the greatest composers of all time.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ The Bach family already counted several composers when Johann Sebastian was born as the last child of a city musician in Eisenach.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ Having become an orphan at age 10, he lived for five years with his eldest brother, after which he continued his musical formation in Lüneburg.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ From 1703 he was back in Thuringia, working as a musician for Protestant churches in Arnstadt and Mühlhausen and, for longer stretches of time, at courts in Weimar—where he expanded his repertoire for the organ—and Köthen—where he was mostly engaged with chamber music.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ From 1723 he was employed as Thomaskantor (cantor at St. Thomas) in Leipzig.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ He composed music for the principal Lutheran churches of the city, and for its university's student ensemble Collegium Musicum.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ From 1726 he published some of his keyboard and organ music.", "Biographies of Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ The first major biographies of Johann Sebastian Bach, including those by Johann Nikolaus Forkel and Philipp Spitta, were published in the 19th century.", "Biographies of Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ Many more were published in the 20th century by, among others, Albert Schweitzer, Charles Sanford Terry, Christoph Wolff and Klaus Eidam.", "Biographies of Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ Little was published about Bach's life in the 18th century, his \"Nekrolog\" (obituary) being the most extended biographical note about the composer's life.", "Biographies of Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ No writings by Johann Sebastian Bach were published during his lifetime.", "Biographies of Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ He declined Johann Mattheson's invitation to write an autobiographical sketch for inclusion in the \"Ehrenpforte\".", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ The Bach House in Eisenach, Thuringia, Germany, is a museum dedicated to the composer Johann Sebastian Bach who was born in the city.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ On its 600 m² it displays around 250 original exhibits, among them a Bach music autograph.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ The core of the building complex is a half-timbered house, ca.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ 550 years old, which was mistakenly identified as Bach's birth house in the middle of the 19th century.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ In 1905, the Leipzig-based Neue Bachgesellschaft acquired the building.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ In 1907, it was opened as the first Bach museum.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ The Bach family was a widespread musical family, with members working in musical professions throughout Thuringia since the first half of the 16th century until the end of the 18th century.", "Classical music __knowledge__ Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western culture, including both liturgical (religious) and secular music.", "Classical music __knowledge__ While a more precise term is also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 (the Classical period), this article is about the broad span of time from before the 6th century AD to the present day, which includes the Classical period and various other periods.", "Classical music __knowledge__ The central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900, which is known as the common-practice period.", "Classical music __knowledge__ The major time divisions of Western art music are as follows: European art music is largely distinguished from many other non-European classical and some popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 11th century.", "Hans-Ola Ericsson __knowledge__ Hans-Ola Ericsson (born 1958 in Stockholm) is a Swedish organist and composer.", "Hans-Ola Ericsson __knowledge__ Ericsson studied church music at the Royal College of Music in Stockholm, and continued his organ and composition studies at the Hochschule für Musik Freiburg in Germany.", "Hans-Ola Ericsson __knowledge__ He also studied privately with Luigi Nono and Olivier Messiaen.", "Hans-Ola Ericsson __knowledge__ Most influential among his composition teachers have been Klaus Huber, Brian Ferneyhough, and Nono.", "Hans-Ola Ericsson __knowledge__ In 1988, Ericsson was appointed professor of organ repertoire playing at the Piteå School of Music, a department of the Luleå University of Technology.", "Hans-Ola Ericsson __knowledge__ In the summer of 1990 he was instructor at the summer course for new music in Darmstadt and was awarded the prestigious Kranichsteiner Musikpreis.", "Clavier-Übung III __knowledge__ The Clavier-Übung III, sometimes referred to as the German Organ Mass, is a collection of compositions for organ by Johann Sebastian Bach, started in 1735–36 and published in 1739.", "Clavier-Übung III __knowledge__ It is considered Bach's most significant and extensive work for organ, containing some of his most musically complex and technically demanding compositions for that instrument.", "Clavier-Übung III __knowledge__ In its use of modal forms, motet-style and canons, it looks back to the religious music of masters of the stile antico, such as Frescobaldi, Palestrina, Lotti and Caldara.", "Clavier-Übung III __knowledge__ At the same time, Bach was forward-looking, incorporating and distilling modern baroque musical forms, such as the French-style chorale.", "Women in music __knowledge__ Women in music describes the role of women as composers, songwriters, instrumental performers, singers, conductors, music scholars, music educators, music critics/music journalists and other musical professions.", "Women in music __knowledge__ As well, it describes music movements (e.g., women's music, which is music written and performed by women for women), events and genres related to women, women's issues and feminism.", "Women in music __knowledge__ In the 2010s, while women comprise a significant proportion of popular music and classical music singers, and a significant proportion of songwriters (many of them being singer-songwriters), there are few women record producers, rock critics and rock instrumentalists." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ Johann Sebastian Bach (28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the Baroque period.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ He is known for instrumental compositions such as the \"Brandenburg Concertos\" and the \"Goldberg Variations\", and vocal music such as the \"St Matthew Passion\" and the Mass in B minor.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ Since the 19th-century Bach Revival he has been generally regarded as one of the greatest composers of all time.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ The Bach family already counted several composers when Johann Sebastian was born as the last child of a city musician in Eisenach.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ Having become an orphan at age 10, he lived for five years with his eldest brother, after which he continued his musical formation in Lüneburg.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ From 1703 he was back in Thuringia, working as a musician for Protestant churches in Arnstadt and Mühlhausen and, for longer stretches of time, at courts in Weimar—where he expanded his repertoire for the organ—and Köthen—where he was mostly engaged with chamber music.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ From 1723 he was employed as Thomaskantor (cantor at St. Thomas) in Leipzig.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ He composed music for the principal Lutheran churches of the city, and for its university's student ensemble Collegium Musicum.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ From 1726 he published some of his keyboard and organ music.", "List of Alex Rider characters __knowledge__ This is a list of protagonists and antagonists from British author Anthony Horowitz's \"Alex Rider\" series.", "List of Alex Rider characters __knowledge__ This includes characters from the novels, the film, the graphic novels, and the short stories.", "List of Alex Rider characters __knowledge__ Anthony Sean Howell, more commonly referred to as Ash (his initials), is a major character in \"Snakehead\".", "List of Alex Rider characters __knowledge__ Ash was born in England and worked for MI6 with his best friend John Rider.", "List of Alex Rider characters __knowledge__ When John went undercover within Scorpia, Ash was assigned to monitor his progress from a distance in case his friend got into difficulty.", "List of Alex Rider characters __knowledge__ Ash was chosen to lead the mission to \"capture\" John, when he and Yassen Gregorovich were sent to kill a target in Malta.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ The manga series \"Rurouni Kenshin\" features a large cast of fictional characters created by Nobuhiro Watsuki.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ Set in Japan during the Meiji period, several of the characters are real historical figures who interact with the fictional characters.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ The story follows a pacifist wanderer named Himura Kenshin, who was previously an assassin known as \"\"Hitokiri Battōsai\"\" working for the Isshin Shishi during the Bakumatsu period.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ After helping Kamiya Kaoru, the instructor of a kendo school in Tokyo, in defeating a criminal he is invited by her to stay at her dojo.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ During his stay in Tokyo, Kenshin befriends new people including Myōjin Yahiko, a young child descendant from a samurai family who starts training under Kaoru, Sagara Sanosuke, a former Sekihō who enjoys fighting, and Takani Megumi, a doctor involved with the illegal drug trade.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the various characters throughout the Japanese tokusatsu series \"Garo\", not including the Horrors, a breed of demonic beings that make for most of the series antagonists.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ The various holders of the title are the main characters of the franchise, armed with the blade.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ The Garo title, based on the word for \"hope\" in the old Makai language, is traditionally associated with the Saezima family.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ For reasons yet to be explained, the man who takes the title of Garo is often regarded to be the strongest Knight, widely known throughout the Makai community.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ This is however, not a formal ranking in itself and no preferential treatment is given to the said Knight, as evident with Kouga in \"\" who was in service for years before being promoted to be a Knight serving under the Senate.", "List of CHERUB characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Robert Muchamore's \"CHERUB\" book series.", "List of CHERUB characters __knowledge__ These are agents who have been seen as active during any book in the series.", "List of CHERUB characters __knowledge__ Born James Robert Choke in 1991, in Tufnell Park, London.", "List of CHERUB characters __knowledge__ The protagonist, James suffers from anger management difficulties, often landing him in trouble.", "List of CHERUB characters __knowledge__ These anger management issues were what got him expelled from school in \"The Recruit\", in which he is recruited into CHERUB following the death of his mother.", "List of CHERUB characters __knowledge__ James has had many girlfriends, notably Kerry Chang and Dana Smith, both fellow agents.", "List of CHERUB characters __knowledge__ He is said to be intelligent particularly at maths but being extremely lazy in school as well.", "List of Gaunt's Ghosts characters __knowledge__ This list is of characters featured in the \"Gaunt's Ghosts\" series of novels by Dan Abnett, which are set in the fictional \"Warhammer 40,000\" universe.", "List of Gaunt's Ghosts characters __knowledge__ Biographical details are included.", "List of Gaunt's Ghosts characters __knowledge__ Colonel-Commissar Ibram Gaunt is the commanding officer of the Tanith First-and-Only during the Sabbat Worlds Crusade.", "List of Gaunt's Ghosts characters __knowledge__ Not much is known of Gaunt's past prior to his training under Commissar-General Delane Oktar, but several flashbacks in \"First and Only\" tell enough to form a picture of his early years (according to the records, his mother died shortly after he was born and his father was killed in action by Orks on the planet Kentaur).", "List of Stuart Little characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters that appear in the novel, films, and other related media that feature the character \"Stuart Little\".", "List of Stuart Little characters __knowledge__ These include the original 1945 \"Stuart Little\" novel by E. B.", "List of Stuart Little characters __knowledge__ White, the 1999 film adaptation of the novel, \"Stuart Little\", the 2002 sequel, \"Stuart Little 2\", the 2003 animated series, \"\", and the 2005 computer-animated direct-to-video sequel, \"\".", "List of Stuart Little characters __knowledge__ Stuart Little (voiced by Michael J.", "List of Stuart Little characters __knowledge__ Fox in the films and by David Kaufman in \"\") is the titular main character.", "List of Stuart Little characters __knowledge__ In the novel, he is presented as a brave, adventurous and courteous white mouse.", "List of Stuart Little characters __knowledge__ Stuart is a member of the human family, The Littles, living in New York City in the year 1945.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 __knowledge__ Johann Sebastian Bach wrote his fifth \"Brandenburg Concerto\", BWV 1050, for harpsichord, flute and violin as soloists, and an orchestral accompaniment consisting of strings and continuo.", "Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 __knowledge__ An early version of the concerto, BWV 1050a, originated in the late 1710s, and in its final form it was dedicated to Margrave Christian Ludwig of Brandenburg on 24 March 1721.", "Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 __knowledge__ In his Weimar period (1708–1717) Bach was involved in the concerto genre, mainly through copying and transcribing.", "Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 __knowledge__ The earliest extant sources of Bach's own concerto compositions date from his Köthen period (1717–1723), where the 1721 autograph of the six \"Brandenburg Concertos\" takes a central place.", "Keyboard concertos by Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ The harpsichord concertos, BWV 1052–1065, are concertos for harpsichord, strings and continuo by Johann Sebastian Bach.", "Keyboard concertos by Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ There are seven complete concertos for a single harpsichord (BWV 1052–1058), three concertos for two harpsichords (BWV 1060–1062), two concertos for three harpsichords (BWV 1063 and 1064), and one concerto for four harpsichords (BWV 1065).", "Keyboard concertos by Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ Two other concertos include solo harpsichord parts: the concerto BWV 1044, which has solo parts for harpsichord, violin and flute, and \"Brandenburg Concerto\" No.", "Keyboard concertos by Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ 5 in D major, with the same scoring.", "Keyboard concertos by Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ In addition, there is a nine-bar concerto fragment for harpsichord (BWV 1059) which adds an oboe to the strings and continuo.", "Benjamin Britten __knowledge__ Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten of Aldeburgh (22 November 1913 – 4 December 1976) was an English composer, conductor and pianist.", "Benjamin Britten __knowledge__ He was a central figure of 20th-century British classical music, with a range of works including opera, other vocal music, orchestral and chamber pieces.", "Benjamin Britten __knowledge__ His best-known works include the opera \"Peter Grimes\" (1945), the \"War Requiem\" (1962) and the orchestral showpiece \"The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra\" (1945).", "Benjamin Britten __knowledge__ Born in Suffolk, the son of a dentist, Britten showed talent from an early age.", "Benjamin Britten __knowledge__ He studied at the Royal College of Music in London and privately with the composer Frank Bridge.", "Women in music __knowledge__ Women in music describes the role of women as composers, songwriters, instrumental performers, singers, conductors, music scholars, music educators, music critics/music journalists and other musical professions.", "Women in music __knowledge__ As well, it describes music movements (e.g., women's music, which is music written and performed by women for women), events and genres related to women, women's issues and feminism.", "Women in music __knowledge__ In the 2010s, while women comprise a significant proportion of popular music and classical music singers, and a significant proportion of songwriters (many of them being singer-songwriters), there are few women record producers, rock critics and rock instrumentalists.", "Recorder (musical instrument) __knowledge__ The recorder is a woodwind musical instrument in the group known as \"internal duct flutes\"—flutes with a whistle mouthpiece.", "Recorder (musical instrument) __knowledge__ A recorder can be distinguished from other duct flutes by the presence of thumb-hole for the upper hand and seven finger-holes: three for the upper hand and four for the lower.", "Recorder (musical instrument) __knowledge__ It is the most prominent duct flute in the western classical tradition.", "Recorder (musical instrument) __knowledge__ Recorders are made in different sizes with names and compasses roughly corresponding to different vocal ranges.", "Recorder (musical instrument) __knowledge__ The sizes most commonly in use today are the soprano (aka \"descant\", lowest note C), alto (aka \"treble\", lowest note F), tenor (lowest note C) and bass (lowest note F).", "Performance practice of Bach's music __knowledge__ Johann Sebastian Bach's music has been performed by musicians of his own time (including himself), and in the second half of the eighteenth century by his sons and students, and by the next generations of musicians and composers such as the young Beethoven.", "Performance practice of Bach's music __knowledge__ Felix Mendelssohn renewed the attention for Bach's music by his performances in the 19th century.", "Performance practice of Bach's music __knowledge__ In the 20th century Bach's music was performed and recorded by artists specializing in the music of the composer, such as Albert Schweitzer, Helmut Walcha and Karl Richter.", "Performance practice of Bach's music __knowledge__ With the advent of the historically informed performance practice Bach's music was prominently featured by artists such as Nikolaus Harnoncourt, Gustav Leonhardt and Sigiswald Kuijken." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ Johann Sebastian Bach (28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the Baroque period.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ He is known for instrumental compositions such as the \"Brandenburg Concertos\" and the \"Goldberg Variations\", and vocal music such as the \"St Matthew Passion\" and the Mass in B minor.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ Since the 19th-century Bach Revival he has been generally regarded as one of the greatest composers of all time.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ The Bach family already counted several composers when Johann Sebastian was born as the last child of a city musician in Eisenach.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ Having become an orphan at age 10, he lived for five years with his eldest brother, after which he continued his musical formation in Lüneburg.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ From 1703 he was back in Thuringia, working as a musician for Protestant churches in Arnstadt and Mühlhausen and, for longer stretches of time, at courts in Weimar—where he expanded his repertoire for the organ—and Köthen—where he was mostly engaged with chamber music.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ From 1723 he was employed as Thomaskantor (cantor at St. Thomas) in Leipzig.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ He composed music for the principal Lutheran churches of the city, and for its university's student ensemble Collegium Musicum.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ From 1726 he published some of his keyboard and organ music.", "Portuguese name __knowledge__ A Portuguese name is typically composed of one or two given names, and a number of family names (rarely one, but often two or three, seldom more).", "Portuguese name __knowledge__ The first surname(s) are usually the mother's family surname(s) and the final surname(s) are the father's family surname(s).", "Portuguese name __knowledge__ For practicality, usually only the last surname (excluding prepositions) is used in formal greetings.", "Portuguese name __knowledge__ The Portuguese naming system is quite flexible.", "Portuguese name __knowledge__ Portuguese law establishes the need for a child to have at least one given name and one last name (surname) from one of the parents.", "Portuguese name __knowledge__ The law also establishes the maximum number of names allowed: up to two given names and four surnames.", "The Vandals discography __knowledge__ The discography of The Vandals, a Huntington Beach, California-based punk rock band formed in 1980, consists of ten studio albums, one EP, two live albums, two compilation albums, one remix album, four reissued albums, three videos, four singles, and seven music videos.", "The Vandals discography __knowledge__ The Vandals formed in 1980 with an initial lineup of singer Steven Ronald \"Stevo\" Jensen, guitarist Jan Nils Ackermann, bassist Steve \"Human\" Pfauter, and drummer Joe Escalante.", "The Vandals discography __knowledge__ Their debut EP \"Peace thru Vandalism\" was released in 1982 on Epitaph Records.", "The Vandals discography __knowledge__ Pfauter left the band in 1984 and Brent Turner played on their debut album \"When in Rome Do as the Vandals\", released on National Trust Records in 1985.", "The Vandals Play Really Bad Original Country Tunes __knowledge__ The Vandals Play Really Bad Original Country Tunes is an album by the southern California punk rock band The Vandals, released in 1999 by Kung Fu Records.", "The Vandals Play Really Bad Original Country Tunes __knowledge__ Essentially a re-release of their 1989 album \"Slippery When Ill\", it contains 8 of the 10 songs from that album along with 2 newer, previously unavailable songs.", "The Vandals Play Really Bad Original Country Tunes __knowledge__ Part of the impetus for its release was that the original \"Slippery When Ill\", long asked for by the band's fans, had become very rare and difficult to obtain due to the small size of the record labels it was originally released on.", "The Vandals Play Really Bad Original Country Tunes __knowledge__ With their Kung Fu label (founded in 1996 by Vandals members Joe Escalante and Warren Fitzgerald) now firmly established, the band was able to re-release this music from ten years earlier in their career.", "Country Knolls, New York __knowledge__ Country Knolls is a census-designated place and community (and census enumeration district) in Saratoga County, New York, United States.", "Country Knolls, New York __knowledge__ The population was 2,155 at the 2000 census.", "Country Knolls, New York __knowledge__ Country Knolls is primarily the name belonging to the housing development Country Knolls Estates which is sometimes also referred to Country Knolls North or as the original Country Knolls to clarify the difference between it and another housing development Country Knolls South that was built a few miles south of Country Knolls.", "Country Knolls, New York __knowledge__ The census-designated place Country Knolls is within and smaller than the larger Country Knolls Estates.", "The Vandals __knowledge__ The Vandals are a punk rock band from the United States established in 1980 in Huntington Beach, California.", "The Vandals __knowledge__ They have released ten full-length studio albums, two live albums, and have toured the world extensively, including performances on the Vans Warped Tour.", "The Vandals __knowledge__ They are well known for their use of humor, preferring to use their music as a vehicle for comedy and sarcasm rather than as a platform for more serious issues.", "The Vandals __knowledge__ As of 2000, they are signed to Kung Fu Records.", "The Vandals __knowledge__ The band's lineup fluctuated significantly over their first nine years, though founding members Steven Ronald Jensen, guitarist Jan Nils Ackermann, and first consistent drummer Joe Escalante remained regular fixtures.", "Naturalization __knowledge__ Naturalization (or naturalisation) is the legal act or process by which a non-citizen in a country may acquire citizenship or nationality of that country.", "Naturalization __knowledge__ It may be done by a statute, without any effort on the part of the individual, or it may involve an application and approval by legal authorities.", "Naturalization __knowledge__ The rules of naturalization vary from country to country and typically include a minimum legal residency requirement, and may specify other requirements such as knowledge of the national dominant language or culture, a promise to obey and uphold that country's laws.", "Naturalization __knowledge__ An oath or pledge of allegiance is also sometimes required.", "Visa Waiver Program __knowledge__ The Visa Waiver Program (VWP) is a program of the United States Government which allows citizens of specific countries to travel to the United States for tourism, business, or while in transit for up to 90 days without having to obtain a visa.", "Visa Waiver Program __knowledge__ The program applies to the United States as well as the US territories of Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands in the Caribbean, with limited application to other US territories.", "Visa Waiver Program __knowledge__ All of the countries selected by the US government to be in the program are high-income economies with a very high Human Development Index that are generally regarded as developed countries.", "Systems of social stratification __knowledge__ Detailed anthropological and sociological studies have been made about customs of patrilineal inheritance, where only male children can inherit.", "Systems of social stratification __knowledge__ Some cultures also employ matrilineal succession, where property can only pass along the female line, most commonly going to the sister's sons of the decedent; but also, in some societies, from the mother to her daughters.", "Systems of social stratification __knowledge__ Some ancient societies and most modern states employ egalitarian inheritance, without discrimination based on gender and/or birth order.", "Systems of social stratification __knowledge__ The system of patrilineal primogeniture traditionally prevalent among most southern Bantu tribes is explained in detail by Isabel Moodley: \"Due to the polygynous nature of the customary marriage, African customary law distinguishes between \"family rank\" and \"house rank\".", "Ludwig Wittgenstein __knowledge__ Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (; ; 26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austrian-British philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language.", "Ludwig Wittgenstein __knowledge__ From 1929 to 1947, Wittgenstein taught at the University of Cambridge.", "Ludwig Wittgenstein __knowledge__ During his lifetime he published just one slim book, the 75-page \"Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus\" (1921), one article, one book review and a children's dictionary.", "Ludwig Wittgenstein __knowledge__ His voluminous manuscripts were edited and published posthumously.", "Ludwig Wittgenstein __knowledge__ \"Philosophical Investigations\" appeared as a book in 1953, and has since come to be recognised as one of the most important works of philosophy in the twentieth century.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Prem Rawat __knowledge__ Prem Pal Singh Rawat (Hindi: प्रेम पाल सिंह रावत), born 10 December 1957, is an Indian American also known as Maharaji, and formerly as Guru Maharaj Ji and Balyogeshwar.", "Prem Rawat __knowledge__ Rawat's teachings include a meditation practice he calls \"Knowledge\", and peace education based on the discovery of personal resources such as inner strength, choice, appreciation and hope.", "Prem Rawat __knowledge__ Rawat is the youngest son of Hans Ji Maharaj, an Indian guru and the founder of the Divya Sandesh Parishad (later known as Divine Light Mission, or DLM) After his father's death, eight-year-old Rawat became the new \"Satguru\" (True Master).", "Prem Rawat __knowledge__ At age 13 Rawat travelled to the West, soon taking up residence in the United States.", "Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia __knowledge__ Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (later Duchess of Edinburgh and Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; ; – 24 October 1920) was the fifth child and only surviving daughter of Emperor Alexander II of Russia and his first wife Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine.", "Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia __knowledge__ She was the younger sister of Emperor Alexander III of Russia and the paternal aunt of Russia's last Emperor, Nicholas II.", "Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia __knowledge__ In 1874, Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna married Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, the second son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; she was the first and only Romanov to marry into the British royal family.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon Anne Mitchell (also Watts and Rickman) is a fictional character from the BBC One soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Letitia Dean.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon is one of \"EastEnders\" original characters, appearing in the first episode broadcast on 19 February 1985.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ The character was conceptualised by Tony Holland and Julia Smith, the creators of \"EastEnders\".", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon was a teenager when the programme began: the adoptive daughter of Den and Angie Watts.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon remained a prominent character into the 1990s due to romantic pairings with brothers Grant (Ross Kemp) and Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden).", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ In a long-running storyline dubbed \"Sharongate\", Sharon, married to Grant, has an affair with Phil.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ Johann Sebastian Bach (28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the Baroque period.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ He is known for instrumental compositions such as the \"Brandenburg Concertos\" and the \"Goldberg Variations\", and vocal music such as the \"St Matthew Passion\" and the Mass in B minor.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ Since the 19th-century Bach Revival he has been generally regarded as one of the greatest composers of all time.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ The Bach family already counted several composers when Johann Sebastian was born as the last child of a city musician in Eisenach.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ Having become an orphan at age 10, he lived for five years with his eldest brother, after which he continued his musical formation in Lüneburg.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ From 1703 he was back in Thuringia, working as a musician for Protestant churches in Arnstadt and Mühlhausen and, for longer stretches of time, at courts in Weimar—where he expanded his repertoire for the organ—and Köthen—where he was mostly engaged with chamber music.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ From 1723 he was employed as Thomaskantor (cantor at St. Thomas) in Leipzig.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ He composed music for the principal Lutheran churches of the city, and for its university's student ensemble Collegium Musicum.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ From 1726 he published some of his keyboard and organ music.", "Clavier-Übung III __knowledge__ The Clavier-Übung III, sometimes referred to as the German Organ Mass, is a collection of compositions for organ by Johann Sebastian Bach, started in 1735–36 and published in 1739.", "Clavier-Übung III __knowledge__ It is considered Bach's most significant and extensive work for organ, containing some of his most musically complex and technically demanding compositions for that instrument.", "Clavier-Übung III __knowledge__ In its use of modal forms, motet-style and canons, it looks back to the religious music of masters of the stile antico, such as Frescobaldi, Palestrina, Lotti and Caldara.", "Clavier-Übung III __knowledge__ At the same time, Bach was forward-looking, incorporating and distilling modern baroque musical forms, such as the French-style chorale.", "Fantastic Four __knowledge__ The Fantastic Four is a fictional superhero team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Fantastic Four __knowledge__ The group debuted in \"The Fantastic Four\" #1 (cover dated Nov. 1961), which helped to usher in a new level of realism in the medium.", "Fantastic Four __knowledge__ The Fantastic Four was the first superhero team created by editor/co-plotter Stan Lee and artist/co-plotter Jack Kirby, who developed a collaborative approach to creating comics with this title that they would use from then on.", "Fantastic Four __knowledge__ The four individuals traditionally associated with the Fantastic Four, who gained superpowers after exposure to cosmic rays during a scientific mission to outer space, are Mister Fantastic (Reed Richards), a scientific genius and the leader of the group, who can stretch his body into incredible lengths and shapes; the Invisible Woman (Susan \"Sue\" Storm), who eventually married Reed, who can render herself invisible and later project powerful invisible force fields; the Human Torch (Johnny Storm), Sue's younger brother, who can generate flames, surround himself with them and fly; and the monstrous Thing (Ben Grimm), their grumpy but benevolent friend, a former college football star and Reed's college roommate as well as a good pilot, who possesses tremendous superhuman strength, durability, and endurance due to the nature of his stone-like flesh.", "Music of Israel __knowledge__ The music of Israel is a combination of Jewish and non-Jewish music traditions that have come together over the course of a century to create a distinctive musical culture.", "Music of Israel __knowledge__ For almost 150 years, musicians have sought original stylistic elements that would define the emerging national spirit.", "Music of Israel __knowledge__ In addition to creating an Israeli style and sound, Israel's musicians have made significant contributions to classical, jazz, pop rock and other international music genres.", "Music of Israel __knowledge__ Since the 1970s, there has been a flowering of musical diversity, with Israeli rock, folk and jazz musicians creating and performing extensively, both locally and abroad.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ The music of Cuba, including its instruments, performance and dance, comprises a large set of unique traditions influenced mostly by west African and European (especially Spanish) music.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Due to the syncretic nature of most of its genres, Cuban music is often considered one of the richest and most influential regional musics of the world.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ For instance, the son cubano merges an adapted Spanish guitar (tres), melody, harmony, and lyrical traditions with Afro-Cuban percussion and rhythms.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Almost nothing remains of the original native traditions, since the native population was exterminated in the 16th century.", "Music of Afghanistan __knowledge__ The Music of Afghanistan comprises of many varieties of classical music, folk music, and modern popular music.", "Music of Afghanistan __knowledge__ Afghanistan has a rich musical heritage and features a mix of Persian melodies, Indian compositional principles, and the sounds from ethnic groups such as the Pashtuns or Tajiks.", "Music of Afghanistan __knowledge__ Instruments used range from Indian tablas to long-necked lutes, and its classical music is closely related to Hindustani classical music.", "Music of Afghanistan __knowledge__ Lyrics throughout most of Afghanistan are typically in Dari (Persian) and Pashto.", "Music of Afghanistan __knowledge__ The multi-ethnic city of Kabul has long been the regional cultural capital, but outsiders have tended to focus on the city of Herat, which is home to traditions more closely related to Iranian music than in the rest of the country.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Peter Gene Hernandez (born October 8, 1985), known professionally as Bruno Mars, is an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, and choreographer.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Born and raised in Honolulu, Hawaii, by a family of musicians, Mars began making music at a young age and performed in various musical venues in his hometown throughout his childhood.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ He graduated from high school and moved to Los Angeles to pursue a musical career.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ After being dropped by Motown Records, Mars signed a recording contract with Atlantic Records in 2009.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ In 2009, he co-founded the production team The Smeezingtons, responsible for the singles \"Nothin' on You\" by B.o.B and \"Billionaire\" by Travie McCoy.", "Big Bang (South Korean band) __knowledge__ Big Bang (Korean: ) is a South Korean boy band formed by YG Entertainment.", "Big Bang (South Korean band) __knowledge__ With members G-Dragon, T.O.P, Taeyang, Daesung, and Seungri, they are often cited as one of the most influential acts to shape the K-pop industry by helping spread the Korean Wave internationally and dubbed as the \"Kings of K-pop\" by the media.", "Big Bang (South Korean band) __knowledge__ Their experimental and diverse use of music genres, personal involvement in producing their own records, and stage performances have been admired by music critics and served as influence to numerous K-pop and international artists.", "Big Bang (South Korean band) __knowledge__ Despite their debut album, \"Bigbang Vol.1\" (2006), receiving lukewarm reception, success followed with a string of notable hits credited to the quintet, including \"Lies\" (Korean: ), which topped major Korean music charts for a record-breaking six consecutive weeks and won Song of the Year at the 2007 Mnet Km Music Festival and the 2008 Seoul Music Awards; \"Last Farewell\" (Korean: ); \"Day by Day\" (Korean: ); and \"Sunset Glow\" (Korean: ).", "Eisenach __knowledge__ Eisenach is a town in Thuringia, Germany with 42,000 inhabitants, located west of Erfurt, southeast of Kassel and northeast of Frankfurt.", "Eisenach __knowledge__ It is the main urban centre of western Thuringia and bordering northeastern Hessian regions, situated near the former Inner German border.", "Eisenach __knowledge__ A major attraction is Wartburg castle, which has been a UNESCO world heritage site since 1999.", "Eisenach __knowledge__ Eisenach was an early capital of Thuringia in the 12th and 13th centuries.", "Eisenach __knowledge__ St.Elizabeth lived at the court of the Ludowingians here between 1211 and 1228.", "Eisenach __knowledge__ Later, Martin Luther came to Eisenach and translated the Bible into German.", "Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach __knowledge__ Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach () was created as a duchy in 1809 by the merger of the Ernestine duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach.", "Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach __knowledge__ It was raised to a Grand duchy in 1815 by resolution of the Vienna Congress.", "Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach __knowledge__ In 1903, it officially changed its name to the Grand Duchy of Saxony (), but this name was rarely used.", "Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach __knowledge__ The Grand Duchy came to an end in the German Revolution of 1918–19 with the other monarchies of the German Empire.", "Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach __knowledge__ It was succeeded by the Free State of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, which was merged into the new state of Thuringia two years later.", "Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach __knowledge__ The full grand ducal style was Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Landgrave in Thuringia, Margrave of Meissen, Princely Count of Henneberg, Lord of Blankenhayn, Neustadt and Tautenburg.", "Halle–Bebra railway __knowledge__ The Halle–Bebra railway, also known in German as the Thüringer Bahn (\"Thuringian Railway\"), is a 210 kilometre-long railway line from Halle (Saale) via Erfurt and Gerstungen to Bebra, mainly in Thuringia.", "Halle–Bebra railway __knowledge__ As far as Gerstungen the line originally belonged to the Thuringian Railway Company.", "Halle–Bebra railway __knowledge__ From Gerstungen to Bebra, it was owned by the Frederick William Northern Railway (\"Friedrich-Wilhelms-Nordbahn\"), named after the Prussian king, Frederick William IV.", "Halle–Bebra railway __knowledge__ It is now a two-track, electrified, standard gauge mainline operated by DB Netze.", "Halle–Bebra railway __knowledge__ It was opened between 1846 and 1849 and was the first railway line in Thuringia (apart from a small piece of the Leipzig–Hof line of the Saxon-Bavarian Railway Company —\"Sächsisch-Bayerische Eisenbahn-Compagnie\"— near Altenburg).", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ The Bach House in Eisenach, Thuringia, Germany, is a museum dedicated to the composer Johann Sebastian Bach who was born in the city.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ On its 600 m² it displays around 250 original exhibits, among them a Bach music autograph.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ The core of the building complex is a half-timbered house, ca.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ 550 years old, which was mistakenly identified as Bach's birth house in the middle of the 19th century.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ In 1905, the Leipzig-based Neue Bachgesellschaft acquired the building.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ In 1907, it was opened as the first Bach museum.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ The Bach family was a widespread musical family, with members working in musical professions throughout Thuringia since the first half of the 16th century until the end of the 18th century.", "Eisenach West station __knowledge__ Eisenach West station is a halt (\"Haltepunkt\") on the Halle–Bebra railway (Thuringian Railway) in the town of Eisenach in the German state of Thuringia.", "Eisenach West station __knowledge__ The halt of \"Eisenach-West\" was opened on 1 August 1893 at the urging of the \"Eisenacher Kammgarnspinnerei\" (Eisenach Worsted Spinning Mill), at that time the largest industrial enterprise in the city, in the immediate vicinity of the main western entrance to the company premises.", "Eisenach West station __knowledge__ The \"Eisenacher Elektrizitätswerk\" (Eisenach Electricity Works), the operator of the Eisenach Tramways, established the terminus of its \"Weststadt-Linie\" (west town line) at this convenient location, about 2.2 km west of its main station (\"Hauptbahnhof\").", "Saxe-Eisenach __knowledge__ Saxe-Eisenach () was an Ernestine duchy ruled by the Saxon House of Wettin.", "Saxe-Eisenach __knowledge__ The State intermittently existed at three different times in the Thuringian region of the Holy Roman Empire.", "Saxe-Eisenach __knowledge__ The chief town and capital of all three duchies was Eisenach.", "Saxe-Eisenach __knowledge__ In the 15th century, much of what is now the German state of Thuringia, including the area around Eisenach, was in the hands of the Wettin dynasty, since 1423 Prince-electors of Saxony.", "Saxe-Eisenach __knowledge__ In 1485, the Wettin lands were divided according to the Treaty of Leipzig, with most of the Thuringian lands going to Elector Ernest of Saxony and his descendants.", "Saxe-Eisenach __knowledge__ The Ernestine Wettins also retained the title of Elector.", "Automobilwerk Eisenach __knowledge__ The Automobilwerk Eisenach (AWE) was an automobile manufacturer in Eisenach, Germany.", "Automobilwerk Eisenach __knowledge__ Heinrich Ehrhardt founded the Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach (FFE) in Eisenach on 3 December 1896 as a stock company.", "Automobilwerk Eisenach __knowledge__ Initially he produced bicycles and guns, but after two years he started to produce a motor car which he called the Wartburg, a licensed model of the French Decauville.", "Automobilwerk Eisenach __knowledge__ The company was the third to manufacture cars in Germany, after \"Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft\" and \"Benz & Cie\".", "Automobilwerk Eisenach __knowledge__ His son Gustav took over the factory that at the end of the 19th century employed 1,300 workers, being one of the largest in Thuringia." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ Johann Sebastian Bach (28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the Baroque period.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ He is known for instrumental compositions such as the \"Brandenburg Concertos\" and the \"Goldberg Variations\", and vocal music such as the \"St Matthew Passion\" and the Mass in B minor.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ Since the 19th-century Bach Revival he has been generally regarded as one of the greatest composers of all time.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ The Bach family already counted several composers when Johann Sebastian was born as the last child of a city musician in Eisenach.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ Having become an orphan at age 10, he lived for five years with his eldest brother, after which he continued his musical formation in Lüneburg.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ From 1703 he was back in Thuringia, working as a musician for Protestant churches in Arnstadt and Mühlhausen and, for longer stretches of time, at courts in Weimar—where he expanded his repertoire for the organ—and Köthen—where he was mostly engaged with chamber music.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ From 1723 he was employed as Thomaskantor (cantor at St. Thomas) in Leipzig.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ He composed music for the principal Lutheran churches of the city, and for its university's student ensemble Collegium Musicum.", "Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ From 1726 he published some of his keyboard and organ music.", "Biographies of Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ The first major biographies of Johann Sebastian Bach, including those by Johann Nikolaus Forkel and Philipp Spitta, were published in the 19th century.", "Biographies of Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ Many more were published in the 20th century by, among others, Albert Schweitzer, Charles Sanford Terry, Christoph Wolff and Klaus Eidam.", "Biographies of Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ Little was published about Bach's life in the 18th century, his \"Nekrolog\" (obituary) being the most extended biographical note about the composer's life.", "Biographies of Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ No writings by Johann Sebastian Bach were published during his lifetime.", "Biographies of Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ He declined Johann Mattheson's invitation to write an autobiographical sketch for inclusion in the \"Ehrenpforte\".", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ The Bach House in Eisenach, Thuringia, Germany, is a museum dedicated to the composer Johann Sebastian Bach who was born in the city.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ On its 600 m² it displays around 250 original exhibits, among them a Bach music autograph.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ The core of the building complex is a half-timbered house, ca.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ 550 years old, which was mistakenly identified as Bach's birth house in the middle of the 19th century.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ In 1905, the Leipzig-based Neue Bachgesellschaft acquired the building.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ In 1907, it was opened as the first Bach museum.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ The Bach family was a widespread musical family, with members working in musical professions throughout Thuringia since the first half of the 16th century until the end of the 18th century.", "Hans-Ola Ericsson __knowledge__ Hans-Ola Ericsson (born 1958 in Stockholm) is a Swedish organist and composer.", "Hans-Ola Ericsson __knowledge__ Ericsson studied church music at the Royal College of Music in Stockholm, and continued his organ and composition studies at the Hochschule für Musik Freiburg in Germany.", "Hans-Ola Ericsson __knowledge__ He also studied privately with Luigi Nono and Olivier Messiaen.", "Hans-Ola Ericsson __knowledge__ Most influential among his composition teachers have been Klaus Huber, Brian Ferneyhough, and Nono.", "Hans-Ola Ericsson __knowledge__ In 1988, Ericsson was appointed professor of organ repertoire playing at the Piteå School of Music, a department of the Luleå University of Technology.", "Hans-Ola Ericsson __knowledge__ In the summer of 1990 he was instructor at the summer course for new music in Darmstadt and was awarded the prestigious Kranichsteiner Musikpreis.", "Clavier-Übung III __knowledge__ The Clavier-Übung III, sometimes referred to as the German Organ Mass, is a collection of compositions for organ by Johann Sebastian Bach, started in 1735–36 and published in 1739.", "Clavier-Übung III __knowledge__ It is considered Bach's most significant and extensive work for organ, containing some of his most musically complex and technically demanding compositions for that instrument.", "Clavier-Übung III __knowledge__ In its use of modal forms, motet-style and canons, it looks back to the religious music of masters of the stile antico, such as Frescobaldi, Palestrina, Lotti and Caldara.", "Clavier-Übung III __knowledge__ At the same time, Bach was forward-looking, incorporating and distilling modern baroque musical forms, such as the French-style chorale.", "St. Thomas Church, Leipzig __knowledge__ St. Thomas Church (German: Thomaskirche) is a Lutheran church in Leipzig, Germany.", "St. Thomas Church, Leipzig __knowledge__ It is associated with a number of well-known composers such as Richard Wagner and Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy, but mostly with Johann Sebastian Bach who worked here as a \"Kapellmeister\" (music director) from 1723 until his death in 1750.", "St. Thomas Church, Leipzig __knowledge__ Today, the church also holds his remains.", "St. Thomas Church, Leipzig __knowledge__ Martin Luther preached here in 1539.", "St. Thomas Church, Leipzig __knowledge__ Although rebuilt over the centuries and damaged by Allied incendiary bombs in 1943, the church today mainly retains the character of a late-Gothic hall church.", "St. Thomas Church, Leipzig __knowledge__ The Thomanerchor, the choir of the Thomaskirche, likely founded in 1212, remains a well-known boys' choir.", "St Mark Passion (attributed to Keiser) __knowledge__ Jesus Christus ist um unsrer Missetat willen verwundet is a St Mark Passion which originated in the early 18th century and is most often attributed to Reinhard Keiser.", "St Mark Passion (attributed to Keiser) __knowledge__ It may also have been composed by his father Gottfried or by Friedrich Nicolaus Bruhns.", "St Mark Passion (attributed to Keiser) __knowledge__ Johann Sebastian Bach produced three performance versions of the Passion, the last of which is a pasticcio with arias from George Frideric Handel's \"Brockes Passion\".", "St Mark Passion (attributed to Keiser) __knowledge__ There are two other extant 18th-century versions of the Passion, both of them independent of Bach's versions.", "St Mark Passion (attributed to Keiser) __knowledge__ The Passion was performed in at least three cities in the first half of the 18th century: in Hamburg in 1707 and 1711, in Weimar around 1712, and in Leipzig in 1726 and around 1747.", "Mühlhausen __knowledge__ Mühlhausen is a city of 33,000 inhabitants in Thuringia, Germany.", "Mühlhausen __knowledge__ In the north-west of Thuringia, it is north of Germany's geographical centre, north-west of Erfurt, east of Kassel and south-east of Göttingen.", "Mühlhausen __knowledge__ Mühlhausen was first mentioned in 967 and became one of the most important cities in central Germany during the later Middle Ages.", "Mühlhausen __knowledge__ In the mid-13th century, it became a \"Freie Reichsstadt\", an independent and republican self-ruled member of the Holy Roman Empire, controlling an area of approximately and 19 regional villages.", "Mühlhausen __knowledge__ Due to its long-distance trade, Mühlhausen was prosperous and influential with a population of 10,000 around 1500.", "Music of Philadelphia __knowledge__ The city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is home to a vibrant and well-documented musical heritage, stretching back to colonial times.", "Music of Philadelphia __knowledge__ Innovations in classical music, opera, R&B, jazz and soul have earned the music of Philadelphia national and international renown.", "Music of Philadelphia __knowledge__ Philadelphia's musical institutions have long played an important role in the music of Pennsylvania, as well as a nationwide impact, especially in the early development of hip hop music.", "Music of Philadelphia __knowledge__ Philadelphia's diverse population has also given it a reputation for styles ranging from dancehall to Irish traditional music, as well as a thriving classical and folk music scene.", "Prussian Union of Churches __knowledge__ The Prussian Union of Churches (known under multiple other names) was a major Protestant church body which emerged in 1817 from a series of decrees by Frederick William III of Prussia that united both Lutheran and Reformed denominations in Prussia.", "Prussian Union of Churches __knowledge__ Although not the first of its kind, the Prussian Union was the first to occur in a major German state.", "Prussian Union of Churches __knowledge__ It became the biggest independent religious organization in the German Empire and later Weimar Germany, with about 18 million parishioners.", "Prussian Union of Churches __knowledge__ The church underwent two schisms (one permanent since the 1830s, one temporary 1934–1948), due to changes in governments and their policies.", "Chamber music __knowledge__ Chamber music is a form of classical music that is composed for a small group of instruments—traditionally a group that could fit in a palace chamber or a large room.", "Chamber music __knowledge__ Most broadly, it includes any art music that is performed by a small number of performers, with one performer to a part (in contrast to orchestral music, in which each string part is played by a number of performers).", "Chamber music __knowledge__ However, by convention, it usually does not include solo instrument performances.", "Chamber music __knowledge__ Because of its intimate nature, chamber music has been described as \"the music of friends\".", "Chamber music __knowledge__ For more than 100 years, chamber music was played primarily by amateur musicians in their homes, and even today, when chamber music performance has migrated from the home to the concert hall, many musicians, amateur and professional, still play chamber music for their own pleasure.", "Bach cantata __knowledge__ The cantatas of Johann Sebastian Bach (German: \"Bachkantaten\") consist of at least 209 surviving works.", "Bach cantata __knowledge__ As far as is known, Johann Sebastian Bach's earliest surviving cantatas date from 1707, the year he moved to Mühlhausen (although he may have begun composing them at his previous post at Arnstadt).", "Bach cantata __knowledge__ Most of Bach's cantatas date from his first years as (director of church music) in Leipzig), which he took up in 1723.", "Bach cantata __knowledge__ Working especially at the and the , it was part of his job to perform a church cantata every Sunday and Holiday, conducting soloists, the Thomanerchor and orchestra as part of the church service.", "Protestantism __knowledge__ Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively more than 900 million adherents worldwide or nearly 40% of all Christians.", "Protestantism __knowledge__ It originated with the Reformation, a movement against what its followers considered to be errors in the Roman Catholic Church.", "Protestantism __knowledge__ Ever since, Protestants reject the Roman Catholic doctrine of papal supremacy and sacraments, but disagree among themselves regarding the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist.", "Protestantism __knowledge__ They emphasize the priesthood of all believers, justification by faith alone (') rather than by good works, and the highest authority of the Bible alone (rather than with sacred tradition) in faith and morals (')." ] ]

[ 2, 5, 0, 6, 0 ]

[ "Great, yes Bach he is known for his compositions such as The Brandenburg Concertos, he also composed vocal music too for singers.", "Yes that's correct, he became an orphan at 10 and he was looked after by his eldest brother, quite sad. ", "He was born in Eisenach, Germany.", "I think mostly religious music, he worked as a musician for protestant churches in Arnstadt and Mühlhausen, he was mostly attracted to chamber music.", "You're welcome, it's a fascinating subject." ]

[ "Johann Sebastian Bach", "Johann Sebastian Bach", "Johann Sebastian Bach", "Johann Sebastian Bach", "Johann Sebastian Bach" ]

[ "Blue", "I would agree with that. I also like blue. ", "I don't know what RGB is. Can you tell me more about that?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The music of the United States reflects the country's multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ It is a mixture of music influenced by West African, Irish, Scottish and mainland European among others.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The country's most internationally renowned genres are jazz, blues, country, bluegrass, rock, rhythm and blues, soul, ragtime, hip hop, barbershop, pop, experimental, techno, house, dance, boogaloo, salsa, and rock and roll.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The United States has the world's largest music market with a total retail value of 4,898.3 million dollars in 2014, and its music is heard around the world.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained a near global audience.", "American popular music __knowledge__ American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world.", "American popular music __knowledge__ The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture, including ragtime, blues, jazz, swing, rock, bluegrass, country, R&B, doo wop, gospel, soul, funk, heavy metal, punk, disco, house, techno, salsa, grunge and hip hop.", "American popular music __knowledge__ In addition, the American music industry is quite diverse, supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco, klezmer and slack-key.", "American popular music __knowledge__ Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century, and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music, using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music.", "Cessationism versus Continuationism __knowledge__ Cessationism versus Continuationism is a Christian theological dispute concerned with the question whether the charismatic gifts are currently in operation.", "Cessationism versus Continuationism __knowledge__ Historically, the Catholic, Lutheran, Methodist, Moravian, and Pentecostal traditions of Christianity have been continuationist while the Continental Reformed and Presbyterian traditions have been cessationist.", "Cessationism versus Continuationism __knowledge__ An important problem in the dispute between continuationists and cessationists is the difference in understanding key concepts relevant to the dispute, such as concepts related to the ministry of a prophet, i.e.", "Cessationism versus Continuationism __knowledge__ 'prophet,' 'prophecy,' 'revelation,' etc.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color psychology is the study of hues as a determinant of human behavior.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color influences perceptions that are not obvious, such as the taste of food.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colours can also enhance the effectiveness of placebos.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For example, red or orange pills are generally used as stimulants.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colour can indeed influence a person; however, it is important to remember that these effects differ between people.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Factors such as gender, age, and culture can influence how an individual perceives color.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For instance, heterosexual men tend to report that red outfits enhance female attractiveness, while heterosexual females deny any outfit color impacting that of men.", "Experiential knowledge __knowledge__ Experiential knowledge is knowledge gained through experience, as opposed to a priori (before experience) knowledge: it can also be contrasted both with propositional (textbook) knowledge, and with practical knowledge.", "Experiential knowledge __knowledge__ Experiential knowledge is cognate to Michael Polanyi's personal knowledge, as well as to Bertrand Russell's contrast of Knowledge by Acquaintance and by Description.", "Experiential knowledge __knowledge__ In the philosophy of mind, the phrase often refers to knowledge that can \"only\" be acquired through experience, such as, for example, the knowledge of what it is like to see colours, which could not be explained to someone born blind: the necessity of experiential knowledge becomes clear if one was asked to explain to a blind person a colour like blue.", "Chinese cuisine __knowledge__ Chinese cuisine is an important part of Chinese culture, which includes cuisine originating from the diverse regions of China, as well as from Chinese people in other parts of the world.", "Chinese cuisine __knowledge__ Because of the Chinese diaspora and historical power of the country, Chinese cuisine has influenced many other cuisines in Asia, with modifications made to cater to local palates.", "Chinese cuisine __knowledge__ The preference for seasoning and cooking techniques of Chinese provinces depend on differences in historical background and ethnic groups.", "Chinese cuisine __knowledge__ Geographic features including mountains, rivers, forests and deserts also have a strong effect on the local available ingredients, considering climate of China varies from tropical in the south to subarctic in the northeast.", "United Kingdom insolvency law __knowledge__ United Kingdom insolvency law regulates companies in the United Kingdom which are unable to repay their debts.", "United Kingdom insolvency law __knowledge__ While UK bankruptcy law concerns the rules for natural persons, the term insolvency is generally used for companies formed under the Companies Act 2006.", "United Kingdom insolvency law __knowledge__ \"Insolvency\" means being unable to pay debts.", "United Kingdom insolvency law __knowledge__ Since the Cork Report of 1982, the modern policy of UK insolvency law has been to attempt to rescue a company that is in difficulty, to minimise losses and fairly distribute the burdens between the community, employees, creditors and other stakeholders that result from enterprise failure.", "United Kingdom insolvency law __knowledge__ If a company cannot be saved it is \"liquidated\", so that the assets are sold off to repay creditors according to their priority.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The RGB color model is an additive color model in which red, green and blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The name of the model comes from the initials of the three additive primary colors, red, green, and blue.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The main purpose of the RGB color model is for the sensing, representation and display of images in electronic systems, such as televisions and computers, though it has also been used in conventional photography.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ Before the electronic age, the RGB color model already had a solid theory behind it, based in human perception of colors.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ RGB is a \"device-dependent\" color model: different devices detect or reproduce a given RGB value differently, since the color elements (such as phosphors or dyes) and their response to the individual R, G, and B levels vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, or even in the same device over time.", "Red __knowledge__ Red is the colour at the end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet.", "Red __knowledge__ It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres.", "Red __knowledge__ It is a primary color in the RGB color model and the CMYK color model, and is the complementary color of cyan.", "Red __knowledge__ Reds range from the brilliant yellow-tinged scarlet and vermillion to bluish-red crimson, and vary in shade from the pale red pink to the dark red burgundy.", "Red __knowledge__ The red sky at sunset results from Rayleigh scattering, while the red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused by hematite or red ochre, both forms of iron oxide.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Varieties of the color green may differ in hue, chroma (also called saturation or intensity) or lightness (or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a green or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ A large selection of these various colors is shown below.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Green is common in nature, especially in plants.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Many plants are green mainly because of a complex chemical known as chlorophyll which is involved in photosynthesis.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Many shades of green have been named after plants or are related to plants.", "Chicago White Sox __knowledge__ The Chicago White Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Chicago.", "Chicago White Sox __knowledge__ The White Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division.", "Chicago White Sox __knowledge__ Home games are held at Guaranteed Rate Field, located on the city's South Side, and the team is owned by Jerry Reinsdorf.", "Chicago White Sox __knowledge__ They are one of two major league clubs in Chicago; the other is the Chicago Cubs, who are a member of the National League (NL) Central division.", "Chicago White Sox __knowledge__ One of the American League's eight charter franchises, the franchise was established as a major league baseball club in .", "Chicago White Sox __knowledge__ The club was originally called the Chicago White Stockings, but this was soon shortened to Chicago White Sox.", "Color theory __knowledge__ In the visual arts, color theory or colour theory is a body of practical guidance to color mixing and the visual effects of a specific color combination.", "Color theory __knowledge__ There are also definitions (or categories) of colors based on the color wheel: primary color, secondary color and tertiary color.", "Color theory __knowledge__ Although color theory principles first appeared in the writings of Leone Battista Alberti (c.1435) and the notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci (c.1490), a tradition of \"colory theory\" began in the 18th century, initially within a partisan controversy over Isaac Newton's theory of color (\"Opticks\", 1704) and the nature of primary colors.", "Linguistic relativity and the color naming debate __knowledge__ The concept of linguistic relativity concerns the relationship between language and thought, specifically whether language influences thought, and, if so, how.", "Linguistic relativity and the color naming debate __knowledge__ This question has led to research in multiple disciplines—especially anthropology, cognitive science, linguistics, and philosophy.", "Linguistic relativity and the color naming debate __knowledge__ Among the most popular and controversial theories in this area of scholarly work is the theory of linguistic relativity (also known as the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis).", "Linguistic relativity and the color naming debate __knowledge__ An often-cited \"strong version\" of the claim, first given by Lenneberg in 1953, proposes that language structure determines how we perceive the world.", "Tertiary color __knowledge__ A \"tertiary color\" is a color made by mixing full saturation of one primary color with half saturation of another primary color and none of a third primary color, in a given color space such as RGB, CMYK (more modern) or RYB (traditional).", "Tertiary color __knowledge__ Tertiary colors have general names, one set of names for the RGB color wheel and a different set for the RYB color wheel.", "Tertiary color __knowledge__ These names are shown below.", "Tertiary color __knowledge__ Another definition of tertiary color is provided by color theorists such as Moses Harrisand Josef Albers, who suggest that tertiary colors are created by intermixing pairs of secondary colors: orange-green, green-purple, purple-orange; or by intermixing complementary colors." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The RGB color model is an additive color model in which red, green and blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The name of the model comes from the initials of the three additive primary colors, red, green, and blue.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The main purpose of the RGB color model is for the sensing, representation and display of images in electronic systems, such as televisions and computers, though it has also been used in conventional photography.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ Before the electronic age, the RGB color model already had a solid theory behind it, based in human perception of colors.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ RGB is a \"device-dependent\" color model: different devices detect or reproduce a given RGB value differently, since the color elements (such as phosphors or dyes) and their response to the individual R, G, and B levels vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, or even in the same device over time.", "YUV __knowledge__ YUV is a color encoding system typically used as part of a color image pipeline.", "YUV __knowledge__ It encodes a color image or video taking human perception into account, allowing reduced bandwidth for chrominance components, thereby typically enabling transmission errors or compression artifacts to be more efficiently masked by the human perception than using a \"direct\" RGB-representation.", "YUV __knowledge__ Other color encodings have similar properties, and the main reason to implement or investigate properties of Y′UV would be for interfacing with analog or digital television or photographic equipment that conforms to certain Y′UV standards.", "List of monochrome and RGB palettes __knowledge__ This list of monochrome and RGB palettes includes generic repertoires of colors (color palettes) to produce black-and-white and RGB color pictures by a computer's display hardware, not necessarily the total number of such colors that can be simultaneously displayed in a given text or graphic mode of any machine.", "List of monochrome and RGB palettes __knowledge__ RGB is the most common method to produce colors for displays; so these complete RGB color repertoires have every possible combination of R-G-B triplets within any given maximum number of levels per component.", "List of monochrome and RGB palettes __knowledge__ For specific hardware and different methods to produce colors other than RGB, see the List of 8-bit computer hardware palettes, the List of 16-bit computer hardware palettes and the List of videogame consoles palettes.", "HSL and HSV __knowledge__ HSL (Hue, Saturation, Lightness) and HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) are two alternative representations of the RGB color model, designed in the 1970s by computer graphics researchers to more closely align with the way human vision perceives color-making attributes.", "HSL and HSV __knowledge__ In these models, colors of each hue are arranged in a radial slice, around a central axis of neutral colors which ranges from black at the bottom to white at the top.", "HSL and HSV __knowledge__ The HSV representation models the way paints of different colors mix together, with the saturation dimension resembling various shades of brightly colored paint, and the value dimension resembling the mixture of those paints with varying amounts of black or white paint.", "Color space __knowledge__ A color space is a specific organization of colors.", "Color space __knowledge__ In combination with physical device profiling, it allows for reproducible representations of color, in both analog and digital representations.", "Color space __knowledge__ A color space may be arbitrary, with particular colors assigned to a set of physical color swatches and corresponding assigned names or numbers such as with the Pantone collection, or structured mathematically, as with NCS System, Adobe RGB or sRGB.", "Color space __knowledge__ A color model is an abstract mathematical model describing the way colors can be represented as tuples of numbers (e.g.", "Color space __knowledge__ triples in RGB or quadruples in CMYK); however, a color model with no associated mapping function to an absolute color space is a more or less arbitrary color system with no connection to any globally understood system of color interpretation.", "Rg chromaticity __knowledge__ The rg chromaticity space, two dimensions of the \"normalized RGB\", or rgb, space, is a chromaticity space, a two-dimensional color space in which there is no intensity information.", "Rg chromaticity __knowledge__ In the RGB color space a pixel is identified by the intensity of red, green, and blue primary colors.", "Rg chromaticity __knowledge__ Therefore, a bright red can be represented as (R,G,B) (255,0,0), while a dark red may be (40,0,0).", "Rg chromaticity __knowledge__ In the normalized rgb space or rg space, a color is represented by the proportion of red, green, and blue in the color, rather than by the intensity of each.", "Rg chromaticity __knowledge__ Since these proportions must always add up to a total of 1, we are able to quote just the red and green proportions of the color, and can calculate the blue value if necessary.", "Adobe RGB color space __knowledge__ The Adobe RGB (1998) color space is an RGB color space developed by Adobe Systems, Inc. in 1998.", "Adobe RGB color space __knowledge__ It was designed to encompass most of the colors achievable on CMYK color printers, but by using RGB primary colors on a device such as a computer display.", "Adobe RGB color space __knowledge__ The Adobe RGB (1998) color space encompasses roughly 50% of the visible colors specified by the CIELAB color space – improving upon the gamut of the sRGB color space, primarily in cyan-green hues.", "Adobe RGB color space __knowledge__ Beginning in 1997, Adobe Systems was looking into creating ICC profiles that its consumers could use in conjunction with Photoshop's new color management features.", "Electronic Systems Center __knowledge__ Electronic Systems Center was a product center of Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC) headquartered at Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts.", "Electronic Systems Center __knowledge__ Its mission was to develop and acquire command and control, communications, computer, and intelligence systems.", "Electronic Systems Center __knowledge__ ESC consisted of professional teams specializing in engineering, computer science, and business management.", "Electronic Systems Center __knowledge__ The teams supervised the design, development, testing, production, and deployment of command and control systems.", "Electronic Systems Center __knowledge__ Two of ESC's most well-known developments were the Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS), developed in the 1970s, and the Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System (JointSTARS), developed in the 1980s.", "653d Electronic Systems Wing __knowledge__ The 653d Electronic Systems Wing is a wing of the United States Air Force located at Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts.", "653d Electronic Systems Wing __knowledge__ The 653d Electronic Systems Wing executes a $21 billion fiscal year defense plan budget with 1,300 personnel.", "653d Electronic Systems Wing __knowledge__ The 653 ELSW acquires, delivers and sustains Air Force and Joint systems to include communications, intelligence and airspace management capabilities supporting AF Global Continuous Operations.", "653d Electronic Systems Wing __knowledge__ Additionally, the wing provides engineering and integration to optimize delivery of net-centric capabilities to warfighter for effects-based combat operations and support.", "653d Electronic Systems Wing __knowledge__ The wing serves 9 major commands, 4 Services, 7 Combatant Commands (COCOM), 14 national agencies, and NATO.", "Light-emitting diode __knowledge__ A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source.", "Light-emitting diode __knowledge__ It is a p–n junction diode that emits light when activated.", "Light-emitting diode __knowledge__ When a suitable voltage is applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons.", "Light-emitting diode __knowledge__ This effect is called electroluminescence, and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor.", "Light-emitting diode __knowledge__ LEDs are typically small (less than 1 mm) and integrated optical components may be used to shape the radiation pattern.", "Light-emitting diode __knowledge__ Appearing as practical electronic components in 1962, the earliest LEDs emitted low-intensity infrared light.", "Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems __knowledge__ Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems was created by Northrop Grumman's acquisition of Westinghouse Electronic Systems Group in 1996.", "Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems __knowledge__ The Electronic Systems sector is a leading designer, developer, and manufacturer of a wide variety of advanced defense electronics and systems.", "Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems __knowledge__ The division has 120 locations worldwide, including 72 international offices, and approximately 24,000 employees.", "Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems __knowledge__ Accounting for 20% of company sales in 2005, it is the single largest sector (business unit) in the corporation.", "Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems __knowledge__ Headquartered in Linthicum, Maryland (about a mile away from BWI Airport, near Baltimore), Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems is organized thus: Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems provides airborne radar systems, secondary surveillance systems, inertial navigation systems and sensors, electronic warfare systems, precision weapons, air traffic control systems, air defense systems, communications systems, space systems, marine systems, naval systems, integrated avionics systems, and postal automation and information systems." ] ]

[ 1, 47, 17 ]

[ "Blue is my favorite primary color!", "The main purpose of RGB is for sensing electronic systems", "RGB is the most common method to produce colors for displays, so given RGB values have different sensory in different systems to sense color" ]

[ "Blue", "Blue", "Blue" ]

[ "Mount Kilimanjaro", "I never have. It sounds like a lot of work! Is it dangerous to climb Mount Kilimanjaro?", "No i have never been overseas at all. I would love to go to Africa and see some of their exotic animals. What sorts of animals are there to see there?", "Well, I hope one day you make it there to climb the mountain. Are there mountains near you that you have climbed?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Mount Kilimanjaro (), with its three volcanic cones, \"Kibo\", \"Mawenzi\", and \"Shira\", is a dormant volcano in Tanzania.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ It is the highest mountain in Africa, about from its base to above sea level.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The first people known to have reached the summit of the mountain were Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller in 1889.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The mountain is part of the Kilimanjaro National Park and is a major climbing destination.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The mountain has been the subject of many scientific studies because of its shrinking glaciers and disappearing ice fields.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Kilimanjaro is a large stratovolcano and is composed of three distinct volcanic cones: Kibo, the highest; Mawenzi at ; and Shira, the shortest at .", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Mawenzi and Shira are extinct, while Kibo is dormant and could erupt again.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Uhuru Peak is the highest summit on Kibo's crater rim.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The Tanzania National Parks Authority, a Tanzanian governmental agency, and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization list the height of Uhuru Peak as .", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ That height is based on a British Ordnance Survey in 1952.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Since then, the height has been measured as in 1999, in 2008, and in 2014.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The interior of the volcanic edifice is poorly known, given the lack of large scale erosion that could have exposed the interiors of the volcano." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Mount Kilimanjaro (), with its three volcanic cones, \"Kibo\", \"Mawenzi\", and \"Shira\", is a dormant volcano in Tanzania.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ It is the highest mountain in Africa, about from its base to above sea level.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The first people known to have reached the summit of the mountain were Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller in 1889.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The mountain is part of the Kilimanjaro National Park and is a major climbing destination.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The mountain has been the subject of many scientific studies because of its shrinking glaciers and disappearing ice fields.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Kilimanjaro is a large stratovolcano and is composed of three distinct volcanic cones: Kibo, the highest; Mawenzi at ; and Shira, the shortest at .", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Mawenzi and Shira are extinct, while Kibo is dormant and could erupt again.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Uhuru Peak is the highest summit on Kibo's crater rim.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The Tanzania National Parks Authority, a Tanzanian governmental agency, and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization list the height of Uhuru Peak as .", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ That height is based on a British Ordnance Survey in 1952.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Since then, the height has been measured as in 1999, in 2008, and in 2014.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The interior of the volcanic edifice is poorly known, given the lack of large scale erosion that could have exposed the interiors of the volcano.", "Mount Kilimanjaro climbing routes __knowledge__ There are several routes by which to reach Kibo, or Uhuru Peak, the highest summit of Mount Kilimanjaro, namely, Marangu, Rongai, Lemosho, Shira, Umbwe and Machame.", "Mount Kilimanjaro climbing routes __knowledge__ Being one of the most popular mountains in the world, roughly 50,000 trekkers every year try to reach the summit of Mt Kilimanjaro.", "Mount Kilimanjaro climbing routes __knowledge__ According to research published by the Climb Kilimanjaro Guide, the average summit success rate across all climbers and routes is 65%.", "Mount Kilimanjaro climbing routes __knowledge__ However, summit success rate heavily depends upon what route is climbed as routes vary considerably in terms of acclimatization profile and duration of climb.", "Mount Kilimanjaro climbing routes __knowledge__ The Lemosho route approaches Kilimanjaro from the west.", "Chaga people __knowledge__ The Chaga (also called Wachaga, Chagga, Jagga, Dschagga, Waschagga, or Wachagga) are Bantu-speaking indigenous Africans and the third largest ethnic group in Tanzania.", "Chaga people __knowledge__ They traditionally live on the southern and eastern slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Meru and near Moshi.", "Chaga people __knowledge__ Their relative wealth comes from the favorable climate of the area and successful agricultural methods, which include extensive irrigation systems, terracing, and continuous organic fertilization methods practiced for thousands of years.", "Chaga people __knowledge__ They were one of the first tribes in the area to convert to Christianity.", "Chaga people __knowledge__ This may have given them an economic advantage over other ethnic groups, as they had better access to education and health care as Christians.", "Erden Eruç __knowledge__ Erden Eruç ( \"Air-den Air-rooch\"; born 14 July 1961) is a Turkish-born American adventurer who became the first person in history to complete an entirely \"solo\" and entirely human-powered circumnavigation of the Earth on 21 July 2012 in Bodega Bay, California, United States.", "Erden Eruç __knowledge__ The journey had started from Bodega Bay a little more than five years earlier on 10 July 2007.", "Erden Eruç __knowledge__ The modes of transport included a rowboat to cross the oceans, a sea kayak for shorelines, a bicycle on the roads and hiking on trails, along with canoes for a few river crossings.", "Erden Eruç __knowledge__ The route he followed was long, crossed the equator twice and all lines of longitude, and passed over twelve pairs of antipodal points, meeting all the requirements for a true circumnavigation of the globe.", "Karl Klaus von der Decken __knowledge__ Baron Karl Klaus (Carl Claus) von der Decken (born 8 August 1833 in Kotzen, Brandenburg, Germany; died 2 October 1865 near Bardera, Somalia) was a German explorer of eastern Africa and the first European to attempt to climb Mount Kilimanjaro.", "Karl Klaus von der Decken __knowledge__ Following a stint in the military, von der Decken first travelled to eastern Africa in May 1860.", "Karl Klaus von der Decken __knowledge__ There he explored the region around Lake Nyasa, only a year after David Livingstone had been the first European to reach the area.", "Karl Klaus von der Decken __knowledge__ The following year, von der Decken set out from Mombasa to survey the Kilimanjaro massif.", "Karl Klaus von der Decken __knowledge__ During the journey inland, he met the young English geologist Richard Thornton (1838-1863) – who had left Livingstone's Zambezi expedition – and invited him to accompany him to Kilimanjaro.", "Northern Ice Field (Mount Kilimanjaro) __knowledge__ The Northern Ice Field is near the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, on the west slope of the peak.", "Northern Ice Field (Mount Kilimanjaro) __knowledge__ The Northern Ice Field and Eastern Ice Fields were connected to the Southern Ice Field and formed part of a continuous body of glacial ice atop Mount Kilimanjaro when first scientifically examined in 1912.", "Northern Ice Field (Mount Kilimanjaro) __knowledge__ By 1962 the Southern Ice Field separated from the Northern Ice Field and then by 1975 the Eastern Ice Field did as well.", "Northern Ice Field (Mount Kilimanjaro) __knowledge__ In 1912, the glaciated areas atop Mount Kilimanjaro covered ; by 2011 this had been reduced to , an 85 percent loss.", "Northern Ice Field (Mount Kilimanjaro) __knowledge__ At one time, ice flowing off the Northern Ice Field fed numerous glaciers, including, north to south, the Credner, Drygalski, Great Penck and Little Penck Glaciers.", "Kyle Maynard __knowledge__ Kyle Maynard (March 24, 1986) is a speaker, author, and mixed martial arts athlete, known for becoming the first quadruple amputee to ascend Mount Kilimanjaro without the aid of prosthetics.", "Kyle Maynard __knowledge__ Although he was born with a rare condition known as congenital amputation, where fibrous bands prevent the development of fetal limbs, Maynard decided to pursue involvement in sports, first in youth league football, where he played nose tackle for the Collins Hill National Eagles at age 11.", "Kyle Maynard __knowledge__ He wrestled in high school, ultimately winning 36 matches in his senior year of high school.", "Kyle Maynard __knowledge__ He went on to place 12th in the 103-pound weight class.", "Omar Samra __knowledge__ Omar Samra (born 11 August 1978) is an adventurer, mountaineer, entrepreneur, inspirational speaker and future astronaut.", "Omar Samra __knowledge__ He is the first Egyptian to climb Mount Everest, the 7 Summits and ski to both the Geographic South and North Pole (The Explorer's Grand Slam).", "Omar Samra __knowledge__ He reached the summit of Mount Everest at 9:49 am Nepal time (roughly 7:19 am Egyptian time) on 17 May 2007.", "Omar Samra __knowledge__ He is also the first Egyptian to complete the 7 Summits challenge on 31 May 2013, climbing the highest mountain on all 7 continents.", "Omar Samra __knowledge__ On 5 December 2013, he was chosen to be an astronaut to become the first Egyptian in space sometime in 2016.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ Mount Everest, known in Nepali as Sagarmāthā and in Tibetan as Chomolungma, is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ The international border between China (Tibet Autonomous Region) and Nepal runs across its summit point.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ The current official height of , recognised by China and Nepal, was established by a 1955 Indian survey and subsequently confirmed by a Chinese survey in 1975.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ In 2005, China remeasured the rock height of the mountain, with a result of 8844.43 m. There followed an argument between China and Nepal as to whether the official height should be the rock height (8,844 m., China) or the snow height (8,848 m., Nepal).", "Seven Summits __knowledge__ The Seven Summits are the highest mountains of each of the seven continents.", "Seven Summits __knowledge__ Summiting all of them is regarded as a mountaineering challenge, first achieved on 30 April 1985 by Richard Bass.", "Seven Summits __knowledge__ The Seven Summits achievement has become noted as an exploration and mountaineering accomplishment.", "Seven Summits __knowledge__ The Seven Summits are composed of each of the highest mountain peaks of each of the seven continents.", "Seven Summits __knowledge__ Different lists include slight variations, but generally the same core is maintained.", "Seven Summits __knowledge__ The seven summits depend on the definition used for a continent — in particular the location of the border of that continent.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ The term mountaineering describes the sport of mountain climbing.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ While some scholars identify mountaineering-related activities as climbing (rock and ice) and trekking up mountains, others are also adding backpacking, hiking, skiing, via ferrata and wilderness activities, and still others state that mountaineering activities also include indoor climbing, sport climbing and bouldering.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ However most of the scholars, the term mountaineering understand as a climbing (which now refers to adventure climbing or sports climbing) and trekking (hill walking in 'exotic' places).", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ Hiking in the mountains can also be a simple form of mountaineering when it involves scrambling, or short stretches of the more basic grades of rock climbing, as well as crossing glaciers.", "Romi Garduce __knowledge__ Romeo Roberto \"Romi\" Garduce (born 1969 in Balanga, Bataan), sometimes nicknamed as \"Garduche,\" is a Filipino mountain climber, a scuba dive master (since 2000), an environmentalist, writer, motivational speaker and works as an IT professional.", "Romi Garduce __knowledge__ He began climbing mountains for a cause in 1991 as a member of the UP Mountaineers.", "Romi Garduce __knowledge__ Aside from being a mountain climber and IT professional, he became one of the host for the GMA Network public affair shows \"Born to Be Wild\" and \"Pinoy Meets World\".", "Romi Garduce __knowledge__ He also hosted the GMA News and Public Affairs special entitled \"Pito Para sa Pilipino\" (\"Seven for the Filipinos\") with Richard Gutierrez." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Mount Kilimanjaro (), with its three volcanic cones, \"Kibo\", \"Mawenzi\", and \"Shira\", is a dormant volcano in Tanzania.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ It is the highest mountain in Africa, about from its base to above sea level.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The first people known to have reached the summit of the mountain were Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller in 1889.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The mountain is part of the Kilimanjaro National Park and is a major climbing destination.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The mountain has been the subject of many scientific studies because of its shrinking glaciers and disappearing ice fields.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Kilimanjaro is a large stratovolcano and is composed of three distinct volcanic cones: Kibo, the highest; Mawenzi at ; and Shira, the shortest at .", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Mawenzi and Shira are extinct, while Kibo is dormant and could erupt again.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Uhuru Peak is the highest summit on Kibo's crater rim.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The Tanzania National Parks Authority, a Tanzanian governmental agency, and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization list the height of Uhuru Peak as .", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ That height is based on a British Ordnance Survey in 1952.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Since then, the height has been measured as in 1999, in 2008, and in 2014.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The interior of the volcanic edifice is poorly known, given the lack of large scale erosion that could have exposed the interiors of the volcano.", "Exotic pet __knowledge__ An exotic pet is a rare or unusual animal pet, or an animal kept within human households which is generally thought of as a wild species not typically kept as a pet.", "Exotic pet __knowledge__ Commonly, the definition is an evolving one; some rodents, reptiles, and amphibians have become firmly enough established in the world of animal fancy to no longer be considered exotic.", "Exotic pet __knowledge__ Sometimes any unique or wild-looking pet (including common domestic animals such as the ferret and the fancy rat) is called an exotic pet.", "Exotic pet __knowledge__ \"Exotic\" generally refers to a species which is not native or indigenous to the owner's locale, and \"pet\" is a companion animal living with people.", "Menagerie __knowledge__ A menagerie is a collection of captive animals, frequently exotic, kept for display; or the place where such a collection is kept, a precursor to the modern zoological garden.", "Menagerie __knowledge__ The term was first used in seventeenth century France in reference to the management of household or domestic stock.", "Menagerie __knowledge__ Later, it came to be used primarily in reference to aristocratic or royal animal collections.", "Menagerie __knowledge__ The French-language \"Methodical Encyclopaedia\" of 1782 defines a menagerie as an \"establishment of luxury and curiosity.\"", "Menagerie __knowledge__ Later on, the term referred also to travelling animal collections that exhibited wild animals at fairs across Europe and the Americas.", "Tropical hardwood hammock __knowledge__ Tropical hardwood hammocks are closed canopy forests, dominated by a diverse assemblage of evergreen and semi-deciduous tree and shrub species, mostly of West Indian origin.", "Tropical hardwood hammock __knowledge__ Tropical hardwood hammocks are found nearly throughout the southern half of South Florida, with large concentrations in Dade County on the Miami Rock Ridge, in Dade and Monroe counties in the Florida Keys and along the northern shores of Florida Bay, and in the Pinecrest region of the Big Cypress Swamp.", "Tropical hardwood hammock __knowledge__ They are not fire maintained communities, although fire may burn into tropical hardwood hammocks under certain conditions.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens __knowledge__ The Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens, located in Jacksonville, Florida, sits at the mouth of the Trout River.", "Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens __knowledge__ The zoo occupies approximately and has over 2,000 animals and 1,000 plants in its collection.", "Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens __knowledge__ The zoo has grown from its modest beginnings in Springfield to be considered one of the city's premier attractions, with more than one million visitors in the past year.", "Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens __knowledge__ The Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens' marquee attractions are the Range of the Jaguar, which won the 2005 AZA Exhibit of the year award and the Land of the Tiger, which opened in 2014 and features an innovative walk-through trail system for the two Sumatran and three Malayan tigers.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Detroit Zoo __knowledge__ The Detroit Zoo is located about north of the Detroit city limits at the intersection of Woodward Avenue, 10 Mile Road, and Interstate 696 in Royal Oak and Huntington Woods, Michigan, United States.", "Detroit Zoo __knowledge__ The Detroit Zoological Society (DZS), a non-profit organization, operates both the Detroit Zoo and the Belle Isle Nature Center, located in the city of Detroit.", "Detroit Zoo __knowledge__ The Detroit Zoo is one of Michigan's largest family attractions, hosting more than 1.6 million visitors annually.", "Detroit Zoo __knowledge__ Situated on 125 acres of naturalistic exhibits, it provides a natural habitat for more than 2,000 animals representing 245 species.", "Retreat of glaciers since 1850 __knowledge__ The retreat of glaciers since 1850 affects the availability of fresh water for irrigation and domestic use, mountain recreation, animals and plants that depend on glacier-melt, and, in the longer term, the level of the oceans.", "Retreat of glaciers since 1850 __knowledge__ Studied by glaciologists, the temporal coincidence of glacier retreat with the measured increase of atmospheric greenhouse gases is often cited as an evidentiary underpinning of global warming.", "Retreat of glaciers since 1850 __knowledge__ Mid-latitude mountain ranges such as the Himalayas, Alps, Rocky Mountains, Cascade Range, and the southern Andes, as well as isolated tropical summits such as Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa, are showing some of the largest proportionate glacial losses.", "Ice field __knowledge__ An ice field (also spelled icefield) is an expansive area of interconnected glaciers found in a mountain region, or it is an extensive formation of packs of ice at sea.", "Ice field __knowledge__ They are often found in the colder climates and higher altitudes of the world where there is sufficient precipitation for them to form.", "Ice field __knowledge__ The higher peaks of the underlying mountain rock that protrude through the icefields are known as nunataks.", "Ice field __knowledge__ Ice fields are larger than alpine glaciers, smaller than ice sheets and similar in area to ice caps.", "Ice field __knowledge__ The topography of ice fields is determined by the shape of the surrounding land forms, while ice caps have their own forms overriding underlying shapes.", "Last glacial period __knowledge__ The last glacial period occurred from the end of the Eemian interglacial to the end of the Younger Dryas, encompassing the period years ago.", "Last glacial period __knowledge__ This most recent glacial period is part of a larger pattern of glacial and interglacial periods known as the Quaternary glaciation extending from years ago to present.", "Last glacial period __knowledge__ During this last glacial period there were alternating episodes of glacier advance and retreat.", "Last glacial period __knowledge__ Within the last glacial period the Last Glacial Maximum was approximately 22,000 years ago.", "Last glacial period __knowledge__ While the general pattern of global cooling and glacier advance was similar, local differences in the development of glacier advance and retreat make it difficult to compare the details from continent to continent (see picture of ice core data below for differences).", "List of glaciers __knowledge__ A glacier ( ) or () is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight; it forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation (melting and sublimation) over many years, often centuries.", "List of glaciers __knowledge__ Glaciers slowly deform and flow due to stresses induced by their weight, creating crevasses, seracs, and other distinguishing features.", "List of glaciers __knowledge__ Because glacial mass is affected by long-term climate changes, e.g., precipitation, mean temperature, and cloud cover, glacial mass changes are considered among the most sensitive indicators of climate change.", "List of glaciers __knowledge__ Africa, specifically East Africa, has contained glacial regions, possibly as far back as the last glacier maximum 10 to 15 thousand years ago.", "Glacier __knowledge__ A glacier ( or ) is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight; it forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation (melting and sublimation) over many years, often centuries.", "Glacier __knowledge__ Glaciers slowly deform and flow due to stresses induced by their weight, creating crevasses, seracs, and other distinguishing features.", "Glacier __knowledge__ They also abrade rock and debris from their substrate to create landforms such as cirques and moraines.", "Glacier __knowledge__ Glaciers form only on land and are distinct from the much thinner sea ice and lake ice that form on the surface of bodies of water.", "Glacier __knowledge__ On Earth, 99% of glacial ice is contained within vast ice sheets in the polar regions, but glaciers may be found in mountain ranges on every continent including Oceania's high-latitude oceanic islands such as New Zealand and Papua New Guinea.", "James Balog __knowledge__ James Balog (pronounced \"BAY-log\"; born July 15, 1952) is an American photographer whose work explores the relationship between humans and nature.", "James Balog __knowledge__ Since the early 1980s Balog has photographed such subjects as endangered animals, North America’s old-growth forests, and polar ice.", "James Balog __knowledge__ His work aims to combine insights from art and science to produce innovative, dynamic and sometimes shocking interpretations of our changing world.", "James Balog __knowledge__ Balog’s best-known project explores the impact of climate change on the world’s glaciers.", "James Balog __knowledge__ In 2007 he initiated the Extreme Ice Survey, the most wide-ranging ground-based photographic glacier study ever conducted." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Mount Kilimanjaro (), with its three volcanic cones, \"Kibo\", \"Mawenzi\", and \"Shira\", is a dormant volcano in Tanzania.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ It is the highest mountain in Africa, about from its base to above sea level.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The first people known to have reached the summit of the mountain were Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller in 1889.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The mountain is part of the Kilimanjaro National Park and is a major climbing destination.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The mountain has been the subject of many scientific studies because of its shrinking glaciers and disappearing ice fields.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Kilimanjaro is a large stratovolcano and is composed of three distinct volcanic cones: Kibo, the highest; Mawenzi at ; and Shira, the shortest at .", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Mawenzi and Shira are extinct, while Kibo is dormant and could erupt again.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Uhuru Peak is the highest summit on Kibo's crater rim.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The Tanzania National Parks Authority, a Tanzanian governmental agency, and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization list the height of Uhuru Peak as .", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ That height is based on a British Ordnance Survey in 1952.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Since then, the height has been measured as in 1999, in 2008, and in 2014.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The interior of the volcanic edifice is poorly known, given the lack of large scale erosion that could have exposed the interiors of the volcano.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ Mount Everest, known in Nepali as Sagarmāthā and in Tibetan as Chomolungma, is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ The international border between China (Tibet Autonomous Region) and Nepal runs across its summit point.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ The current official height of , recognised by China and Nepal, was established by a 1955 Indian survey and subsequently confirmed by a Chinese survey in 1975.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ In 2005, China remeasured the rock height of the mountain, with a result of 8844.43 m. There followed an argument between China and Nepal as to whether the official height should be the rock height (8,844 m., China) or the snow height (8,848 m., Nepal).", "Matterhorn __knowledge__ The Matterhorn (, ; , ; , ) is a mountain of the Alps, straddling the main watershed and border between Switzerland and Italy.", "Matterhorn __knowledge__ It is a large, near-symmetrical pyramidal peak in the extended Monte Rosa area of the Pennine Alps, whose summit is high, making it one of the highest summits in the Alps and Europe.", "Matterhorn __knowledge__ The four steep faces, rising above the surrounding glaciers, face the four compass points and are split by the \"Hörnli\", \"Furggen\", \"Leone\", and \"Zmutt\" ridges.", "Matterhorn __knowledge__ The mountain overlooks the Swiss town of Zermatt, in the canton of Valais, to the north-east and the Italian town of Breuil-Cervinia in the Aosta Valley to the south.", "California Trail __knowledge__ The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "California Trail __knowledge__ After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "California Trail __knowledge__ In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "California Trail __knowledge__ By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ The term mountaineering describes the sport of mountain climbing.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ While some scholars identify mountaineering-related activities as climbing (rock and ice) and trekking up mountains, others are also adding backpacking, hiking, skiing, via ferrata and wilderness activities, and still others state that mountaineering activities also include indoor climbing, sport climbing and bouldering.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ However most of the scholars, the term mountaineering understand as a climbing (which now refers to adventure climbing or sports climbing) and trekking (hill walking in 'exotic' places).", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ Hiking in the mountains can also be a simple form of mountaineering when it involves scrambling, or short stretches of the more basic grades of rock climbing, as well as crossing glaciers.", "1924 British Mount Everest expedition __knowledge__ The 1924 British Mount Everest expedition was—after the 1922 British Mount Everest expedition—the second expedition with the goal of achieving the first ascent of Mount Everest.", "1924 British Mount Everest expedition __knowledge__ After two summit attempts in which Edward Norton set a world altitude record of 28,126 feet (8572m), the mountaineers George Mallory and Andrew \"Sandy\" Irvine disappeared on the third attempt.", "1924 British Mount Everest expedition __knowledge__ Their disappearance has given rise to the long-standing unanswered question of whether or not the pair climbed to the summit.", "1924 British Mount Everest expedition __knowledge__ Mallory's body was found in 1999 at 26,760 feet (8155 m), but the resulting clues did not provide conclusive evidence as to whether the summit was reached.", "Walter Bonatti __knowledge__ Walter Bonatti (; 22 June 1930 in Bergamo – 13 September 2011 in Rome) was an Italian mountain climber, explorer and journalist.", "Walter Bonatti __knowledge__ He was noted for his many climbing achievements, including a solo climb of a new route on the south-west pillar of the Aiguille du Dru in August 1955, the first ascent of Gasherbrum IV in 1958 and in 1965 the first solo climb in winter of the North face of the Matterhorn on the mountain's centenary year of its first ascent.", "Walter Bonatti __knowledge__ Immediately after his extraordinary solo climb on the Matterhorn Bonatti announced his retirement from professional climbing at the age of 35 and after 17 years of climbing activity.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Melanesian mythology is the folklore, myths and religion of Melanesia — the archipelagos of New Guinea, the Torres Strait Islands, the Admiralty Islands, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia and Vanuatu.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Professor Roland Burrage Dixon wrote an account of the mythology of this region for \"The Mythology of All Races\", which was published in 1916.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Since that time, the region has developed new cults and legends as a result of exposure to western civilisations and their missionaries.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ These include the cargo cults in which the natives attempt to restore the supply of material goods which were a side-effect of the campaigning in this region during the Pacific War.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Madagascar (franchise) __knowledge__ Madagascar is a computer-animated franchise produced by DreamWorks Animation.", "Madagascar (franchise) __knowledge__ Voices of Ben Stiller, Chris Rock, David Schwimmer and Jada Pinkett Smith are featured in the films.", "Madagascar (franchise) __knowledge__ It began with the 2005 film \"Madagascar\", the 2008 sequel \"\", and the third film \"\" in 2012.", "Madagascar (franchise) __knowledge__ A spin-off film featuring the penguins, titled \"Penguins of Madagascar\", was released in 2014.", "Madagascar (franchise) __knowledge__ A fourth film, \"Madagascar 4\", was announced for 2018, but has since been removed from its schedule due to the studio's restructuring.", "Madagascar (franchise) __knowledge__ The overall plot through the series follows the adventures of four Central Park Zoo animals who have spent their lives in blissful captivity and are unexpectedly shipped back to Africa.", "Penguins of Madagascar __knowledge__ Penguins of Madagascar is a 2014 American 3D computer-animated comedy film, produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox.", "Penguins of Madagascar __knowledge__ It is a spin-off of the \"Madagascar\" film series, and takes place right after the events of \"\", following the penguins Skipper, Kowalski, Rico and Private in their own adventure.", "Penguins of Madagascar __knowledge__ Apart from the main characters, it is unrelated to the TV series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\".", "Penguins of Madagascar __knowledge__ The film was directed by Simon J. Smith and Eric Darnell, and written by Michael Colton, John Aboud, and Brandon Sawyer.", "Penguins of Madagascar __knowledge__ It stars the voices of Tom McGrath, Chris Miller, Conrad Vernon, Christopher Knights, Benedict Cumberbatch, John Malkovich, and Ken Jeong.", "The Penguins of Madagascar __knowledge__ The Penguins of Madagascar is an American CGI animated television series that had aired on Nickelodeon.", "The Penguins of Madagascar __knowledge__ It stars nine characters from the DreamWorks Animation animated film \"Madagascar\": The penguins Skipper (Tom McGrath), Rico (John DiMaggio), Kowalski (Jeff Bennett), and Private (James Patrick Stuart); the lemurs King Julien (Danny Jacobs), Maurice (Kevin Michael Richardson), and Mort (Andy Richter); and Mason (Conrad Vernon) and Phil the chimpanzees.", "The Penguins of Madagascar __knowledge__ Characters new to the series include Marlene the otter (Nicole Sullivan) and a zookeeper named Alice (Mary Scheer).", "The Penguins of Madagascar __knowledge__ It is the first Nicktoon produced with DreamWorks Animation.", "Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted __knowledge__ Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted is a 2012 American 3D computer-animated comedy film, produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Paramount Pictures.", "Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted __knowledge__ It is the third installment of the \"Madagascar\" series and the sequel to \"\" (2008).", "Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted __knowledge__ It is also the first in the series to be released in 3D.", "Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted __knowledge__ The film is directed by Eric Darnell, Tom McGrath, and Conrad Vernon.", "Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted __knowledge__ In this film, Alex, Marty, Melman, and Gloria are still struggling to get home to New York.", "Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted __knowledge__ This time, their journey takes them to Europe, where they are relentlessly pursued by the murderous Monaco-based French Animal Control officer Captain Chantel Dubois (Frances McDormand).", "Madagascar __knowledge__ Madagascar (; ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( ; ), and previously known as the Malagasy Republic, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of East Africa.", "Madagascar __knowledge__ The nation comprises the island of Madagascar (the fourth-largest island in the world), and numerous smaller peripheral islands.", "Madagascar __knowledge__ Following the prehistoric breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana, Madagascar split from the Indian peninsula around 88 million years ago, allowing native plants and animals to evolve in relative isolation.", "Madagascar __knowledge__ Consequently, Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot; over 90% of its wildlife is found nowhere else on Earth.", "Pittsburgh Penguins __knowledge__ The Pittsburgh Penguins are a professional ice hockey team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.", "Pittsburgh Penguins __knowledge__ They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Pittsburgh Penguins __knowledge__ The franchise was founded in 1967 as one of the first expansion teams during the league's original expansion from six to twelve teams.", "Pittsburgh Penguins __knowledge__ The Penguins played in the Civic Arena, also known to Pittsburgh fans as \"The Igloo\", from the time of their inception through the end of the 2009–10 season.", "Pittsburgh Penguins __knowledge__ They moved into their new arena, PPG Paints Arena, to begin the 2010–11 season.", "Pittsburgh Penguins __knowledge__ They have qualified for six Stanley Cup Finals, winning the Stanley Cup five times – in 1991, 1992, 2009, 2016, and 2017." ] ]

[ 2, 5, 25, 13 ]

[ "One of my goals in life is to climb Mount Kilimanjaro. It is the highest mountain in Africa. Do you like mountain climbing?", "I would imagine so. More recently it has been the subject of scientific studies because of its shrinking glaciers and diminishing ice fields. Have you ever been to Africa?", "Haha. I have never been either. The closest I have been is watching Madagascar and the television series The Penguins of Madagascar!", "Mount Everest is pretty close to where I live, in Tibet." ]

[ "Mount Kilimanjaro", "Mount Kilimanjaro", "Mount Kilimanjaro", "Mount Kilimanjaro" ]

[ "Long-distance running", "I wish I could, but the longest I've ever run continuously is a little over 2. I can't imagine running for twice that distance!", "That is an impressive feat. Did your daughter have any tips or tricks to build her stamina up to that point?", "In my experience the mental battle was half of it. What are some of the not so obvious benefits to long distance running?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Long-distance running, or endurance running, is a form of continuous running over distances of at least eight kilometres (5 miles).", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Physiologically, it is largely aerobic in nature and requires stamina as well as mental strength.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Among mammals, humans are well adapted for running significant distances, and particularly so among primates.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ The endurance running hypothesis suggests that running endurance in the \"Homo\" genus arose because travelling over large areas improved scavenging opportunities and allowed persistence hunting.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ The capacity for endurance running is also found in migratory ungulates and a limited number of terrestrial carnivores, such as dogs, wolves and hyenas.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ In modern human society, long-distance running has multiple purposes: people may engage in it for physical exercise, for recreation, as a means of travel, for economic reasons, or for cultural reasons.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Long distance running can also be used as a means to improve cardiovascular health.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Running improves aerobic fitness by increasing the activity of enzymes and hormones that stimulate the muscles and the heart to work more efficiently.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Endurance running is often a component of physical military training and has been so historically." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Long-distance running, or endurance running, is a form of continuous running over distances of at least eight kilometres (5 miles).", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Physiologically, it is largely aerobic in nature and requires stamina as well as mental strength.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Among mammals, humans are well adapted for running significant distances, and particularly so among primates.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ The endurance running hypothesis suggests that running endurance in the \"Homo\" genus arose because travelling over large areas improved scavenging opportunities and allowed persistence hunting.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ The capacity for endurance running is also found in migratory ungulates and a limited number of terrestrial carnivores, such as dogs, wolves and hyenas.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ In modern human society, long-distance running has multiple purposes: people may engage in it for physical exercise, for recreation, as a means of travel, for economic reasons, or for cultural reasons.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Long distance running can also be used as a means to improve cardiovascular health.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Running improves aerobic fitness by increasing the activity of enzymes and hormones that stimulate the muscles and the heart to work more efficiently.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Endurance running is often a component of physical military training and has been so historically.", "Deborah De Williams __knowledge__ Deborah Anne De Williams (born 10 September 1969) is an Australian, world record holding ultra-marathon athlete, motivational speaker, philanthropist, is the first woman to run around Australia, is the founding director of the charity Running Pink, and a passionate breast cancer campaigner.", "Deborah De Williams __knowledge__ Deborah De Williams was born in Perth, Western Australia, the only daughter of immigrant parents Karin Haufe (born in Germany) and Terry Cook (born in Estonia).", "Deborah De Williams __knowledge__ In 1973 De Williams' parents moved the family to Adelaide, South Australia.", "Deborah De Williams __knowledge__ During the same year her parents separated which resulted in a divorce in 1974.", "Joe Mercer (jockey) __knowledge__ Joseph Mercer, OBE (born 25 October 1934) is a retired English thoroughbred race horse jockey.", "Joe Mercer (jockey) __knowledge__ He was active as a jockey from 1947 to 1985 and rode a total of 2,810 winners in Britain.", "Joe Mercer (jockey) __knowledge__ Mercer's nickname was \"Smokin' Joe\".", "Joe Mercer (jockey) __knowledge__ He was apprenticed to trainer Frederick Sneyd and won his first British Classic race while still an apprentice on Ambiguity in the 1953 Epsom Oaks.", "Joe Mercer (jockey) __knowledge__ He was British flat racing Champion Apprentice twice, in 1952 and 1953.", "Joe Mercer (jockey) __knowledge__ He subsequently worked as stable jockey for Jack Colling, Dick Hern, Henry Cecil and Peter Walwyn.", "Joe Mercer (jockey) __knowledge__ During his spell at Cecil's yard he won his only British flat racing Champion Jockey's title in 1979.", "Les Misérables (musical) __knowledge__ Les Misérables (; ), colloquially known in English-speaking countries as Les Mis or Les Miz (), is a sung-through musical based on the novel \"Les Misérables\" by French poet and novelist Victor Hugo.", "Les Misérables (musical) __knowledge__ Premiering in Paris in 1980, it has music by Claude-Michel Schönberg and original French-language lyrics by Alain Boublil and Jean-Marc Natel, alongside an English-language libretto with accompanying English-language lyrics by Herbert Kretzmer.", "Les Misérables (musical) __knowledge__ The London production has run continuously since October 1985, making it the longest-running musical in the West End and the second longest-running musical in the world after the original Off-Broadway run of \"The Fantasticks\".", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ The History of Oregon State Beavers football covers more than 120 seasons since the team began play in 1893.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ In 1893, Oregon State College was known as State Agricultural College (SAC).", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ William H. Bloss, son of SAC's school president, was the school's first coach, and the quarterback of the 1893 team.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ Bloss moved to Corvallis, Oregon in June 1892.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ He previously played football in the Midwest, and was considered very knowledgeable of football.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ Bloss scheduled tryouts in the fall of 1893 trying to assemble a football team.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ By mid-October, he had found 17 players that would make up the first football team in Oregon State's history.", "Brands Hatch __knowledge__ Brands Hatch is a motor racing circuit in West Kingsdown in Kent, England.", "Brands Hatch __knowledge__ First used as a grasstrack motorcycle circuit on farmland, it hosted 12 runnings of the British Grand Prix between 1964 and 1986 and currently hosts many British and International racing events.", "Brands Hatch __knowledge__ The venue is owned and operated by Jonathan Palmer's MotorSport Vision organisation.", "Brands Hatch __knowledge__ Gerhard Berger once said that Brands Hatch is \"the best circuit in the world\".", "Brands Hatch __knowledge__ Paddock Hill Bend is a renowned corner.", "Brands Hatch __knowledge__ Brands Hatch offers two layout configurations: the shorter \"Indy Circuit\" layout (1.198 miles) is located entirely within a natural amphitheatre offering spectators views of almost all of the shorter configuration from wherever they watch.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ Television is one of the major mass media of the United States.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ , household ownership of television sets in the country is 96.7%, with approximately 114,200,000 American households owning at least one television set as of August 2013.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The majority of households have more than one set.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The peak ownership percentage of households with at least one television set occurred during the 1996–97 season, with 98.4% ownership.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ As a whole, the television networks that broadcast in the United States are the largest and most distributed in the world, and programs produced specifically for U.S.-based networks are the most widely syndicated internationally.", "Easy Goer __knowledge__ Easy Goer (March 21, 1986 – May 12, 1994) was an American Champion Hall of Fame Thoroughbred racehorse known for earning American Champion Two-Year-Old Colt honors in 1988 and defeating 1989 American Horse of the Year Sunday Silence in the Belmont Stakes by eight lengths.", "Easy Goer __knowledge__ The victory deprived Sunday Silence of the Triple Crown.", "Easy Goer __knowledge__ It was also the second-fastest Belmont in history, behind only the record performance of Secretariat in 1973.", "Easy Goer __knowledge__ Easy Goer was the first two-year-old champion to win a Triple Crown race since Spectacular Bid in 1979.", "Easy Goer __knowledge__ Easy Goer also ran the fastest mile on dirt by any three-year-old in the history of Thoroughbred racing with a time of 1:32 2/5, which was a second faster than Secretariat's stakes record, and one-fifth of a second off of the world record set by Dr. Fager in 1968.", "Robert Garside __knowledge__ Robert Garside (born 6 January 1967), calling himself The Runningman, is a British runner who is credited by Guinness World Records as the first person to run around the world.", "Robert Garside __knowledge__ Garside began his record-setting run following two aborted attempts from Cape Town, South Africa and London, England.", "Robert Garside __knowledge__ Garside set off from New Delhi, India on 20 October 1997, completing his run back at the same point on 13 June 2003.", "Robert Garside __knowledge__ While his run has been challenged by some ultra distance runners and some members of the press, subsequent publications clarified a number of the points raised, such as anomalies in his online diary, and his running of the Nullarbor plain without a support crew - a feat believed impossible according to classic ultrarunning methodologies but achieved using lateral thinking and relying upon passing traffic and local people to drop off water for him instead - and highlighted the clashes of personality, running approach, and actions, that had engendered the concerns.", "Kutch Gurjar Kshatriyas contributions to the Indian railways __knowledge__ The Kutch Gurjar Kshatriyas (KGK) contributions to the Indian railways were widespread from the late 1850s to the latest reorganization of the Indian Railways infrastructure in 2003–2006.", "Kutch Gurjar Kshatriyas contributions to the Indian railways __knowledge__ The community also widely known as Mistris of Kutch (or Mistry) migrated from Kutch to perform the work and were involved in the laying down of railway tracks and construction of rail bridges in almost all railway routes of undivided British India.", "Kutch Gurjar Kshatriyas contributions to the Indian railways __knowledge__ The Mistris of Kutch or KGK are a small ethnic community numbering only 50,000 originating from their 19 villages in Kutch founded by them in the 11th century.", "Kutch Gurjar Kshatriyas contributions to the Indian railways __knowledge__ The names of these villages are Anjar, Chandiya, Devaliya, Galpadar, Hajapar, Jambudi, Khambhra, Khedoi, Kukma, Kumbharia Lovariya, Madhapar, Meghpar, Nagalpar, Nagor, Ratnal, Reha, Sinugra and Vidi.", "Marathon __knowledge__ The marathon is a long-distance running race with an official distance of 42.195 kilometres (26.219 miles, or 26 miles 385 yards), usually run as a road race.", "Marathon __knowledge__ The event was instituted in commemoration of the fabled run of the Greek soldier Pheidippides, a messenger from the Battle of Marathon to Athens, who reported the victory.", "Marathon __knowledge__ The marathon was one of the original modern Olympic events in 1896, though the distance did not become standardized until 1921.", "Marathon __knowledge__ More than 800 marathons are held throughout the world each year, with the vast majority of competitors being recreational athletes as larger marathons can have tens of thousands of participants.", "Paavo Nurmi __knowledge__ Paavo Johannes Nurmi (; 13 June 1897 – 2 October 1973) was a Finnish middle- and long-distance runner.", "Paavo Nurmi __knowledge__ He was nicknamed the \"Flying Finn\" as he dominated distance running in the early 20th century.", "Paavo Nurmi __knowledge__ Nurmi set 22 official world records at distances between 1500 metres and 20 kilometres, and won nine gold and three silver medals in his twelve events in the Olympic Games.", "Paavo Nurmi __knowledge__ At his peak, Nurmi was undefeated at distances from 800 m upwards for 121 races.", "Paavo Nurmi __knowledge__ Throughout his 14-year career, he remained unbeaten in cross country events and the 10,000 m. Born into a working-class family, Nurmi left school at 12 to provide for his family.", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (700–799) __knowledge__ Farm to Market Roads in Texas, United States are owned and maintained by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT).", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (700–799) __knowledge__ Farm to Market Road 700 is located in Howard County.", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (700–799) __knowledge__ It runs from Business I-20 in Big Spring to US 87 north of Big Spring.", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (700–799) __knowledge__ FM 700 was designated on November 8, 1946 from US 80 (now I-20 Bus.)", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (700–799) __knowledge__ west of Big Spring to the north boundary of the Air Force Training School Area.", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (700–799) __knowledge__ This was formerly \"War Highway 14\" from 1942 to 1946.", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (700–799) __knowledge__ On October 16, 1951 the road was extended east 2.5 miles to US 87, replacing a section of PR 8.", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (700–799) __knowledge__ On August 1, 1957 the road was extended east and north 4.3 miles." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Long-distance running, or endurance running, is a form of continuous running over distances of at least eight kilometres (5 miles).", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Physiologically, it is largely aerobic in nature and requires stamina as well as mental strength.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Among mammals, humans are well adapted for running significant distances, and particularly so among primates.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ The endurance running hypothesis suggests that running endurance in the \"Homo\" genus arose because travelling over large areas improved scavenging opportunities and allowed persistence hunting.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ The capacity for endurance running is also found in migratory ungulates and a limited number of terrestrial carnivores, such as dogs, wolves and hyenas.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ In modern human society, long-distance running has multiple purposes: people may engage in it for physical exercise, for recreation, as a means of travel, for economic reasons, or for cultural reasons.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Long distance running can also be used as a means to improve cardiovascular health.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Running improves aerobic fitness by increasing the activity of enzymes and hormones that stimulate the muscles and the heart to work more efficiently.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Endurance running is often a component of physical military training and has been so historically.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "History of the Washington Redskins __knowledge__ The Washington Redskins have played over 1,000 games.", "History of the Washington Redskins __knowledge__ In those games, the club has won five professional American football championships including two NFL Championships and three Super Bowls.", "History of the Washington Redskins __knowledge__ The franchise has also captured 15 NFL divisional titles and five NFC championships.", "History of the Washington Redskins __knowledge__ The Redskins won the 1937 and 1942 Championship games, as well as Super Bowl XVII, XXII, and XXVI.", "History of the Washington Redskins __knowledge__ They also played in and lost the 1936, 1940, 1943, and 1945 Championship games, as well as Super Bowl VII and XVIII.", "History of the Washington Redskins __knowledge__ They have made 24 postseason appearances, and have an overall postseason record of 23 wins and 19 losses.", "History of the Washington Redskins __knowledge__ Only five teams have appeared in more Super Bowls than the Redskins: the New England Patriots (nine), Dallas Cowboys (eight), Pittsburgh Steelers (eight), Denver Broncos (eight), and the San Francisco 49ers (six); the Redskins' five appearances are tied with the Oakland Raiders, Miami Dolphins, New York Giants, and Green Bay Packers.", "Stamina therapy __knowledge__ Stamina therapy (also known as \"Stamina method\", or simply \"Stamina\") is a controversial alternative \"medical treatment\" invented by Italian former professor of psychology at the University of Udine Davide Vannoni, PhD (born 1967 in Turin), founder and president of \"Stamina Foundation\" (a self-declared nonprofit organization founded in 2009) and owner of a market research company.", "Stamina therapy __knowledge__ This \"therapy\", mainly aimed at neurodegenerative diseases, would rely on the conversion of mesenchymal stem cells into neurons and it is currently kept secret by its promoters and lacking in scientific validation proving any therapeutic effectiveness; it does not appear, moreover, that Vannoni ever published any article about Stamina therapy on scientific journals thus subjecting it to the usual peer review processes.", "Hat-trick __knowledge__ A hat-trick or hat trick in sports is the achievement of a positive feat three times in a game, or another achievement based on the number three in some sports.", "Hat-trick __knowledge__ The term first appeared in 1858 in cricket, to describe H. H. Stephenson's taking three wickets with three consecutive deliveries.", "Hat-trick __knowledge__ Fans held a collection for Stephenson, and presented him with a hat bought with the proceeds.", "Hat-trick __knowledge__ The term was used in print for the first time in 1865.", "Hat-trick __knowledge__ The term was eventually adopted by many other sports including hockey, association football, water polo and team handball.", "Hat-trick __knowledge__ A hat-trick occurs in association football when a player scores three goals (not necessarily consecutive) in a single game, whereas scoring two goals constitutes a brace.", "Tips & Tricks (magazine) __knowledge__ Tips & Tricks was a monthly video game magazine devoted to the subjects of video game cheat codes, strategy guides and lifestyle content.", "Tips & Tricks (magazine) __knowledge__ Unlike most video game magazines, it did not include critical reviews of video games and was not a primary source of video game industry news.", "Tips & Tricks (magazine) __knowledge__ Instead, it focused on gameplay instructions and hidden \"Easter eggs\" relating to games that its readers might have already purchased.", "Tips & Tricks (magazine) __knowledge__ Often referring to itself as \"The #1 Video-Game Tips Magazine,\" \"Tips & Tricks\" was known for its strategy guides or walkthroughs for contemporary console and portable games.", "Tips & Tricks (magazine) __knowledge__ Each issue also included an index of button codes and passwords, alphabetized by game title and sorted by console.", "Bid Euchre __knowledge__ Bid Euchre, is the name given to a group of card games played in North America based on the game Euchre.", "Bid Euchre __knowledge__ It introduces an element of bidding in which the trump suit is decided by which player can bid to take the most tricks.", "Bid Euchre __knowledge__ The primary differences are the number of cards dealt, absence of any undealt cards, the bidding and scoring process, and the addition of a no trump declaration.", "Bid Euchre __knowledge__ It is typically a partnership game for four players, played with a 24, 32 or 36-card pack, or even two decks of 24 cards each.", "Bid Euchre __knowledge__ A pack of 24 cards containing 9, 10, J, Q, K, and A in each suit.", "Bid Euchre __knowledge__ The rank of the cards in the trump suit is: J (of trump suit, also known as the right bower; high), J (of the other suit of the same color as the trump suit, also known as the left bower), A, K, Q, 10, 9 (low).", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ The History of Oregon State Beavers football covers more than 120 seasons since the team began play in 1893.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ In 1893, Oregon State College was known as State Agricultural College (SAC).", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ William H. Bloss, son of SAC's school president, was the school's first coach, and the quarterback of the 1893 team.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ Bloss moved to Corvallis, Oregon in June 1892.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ He previously played football in the Midwest, and was considered very knowledgeable of football.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ Bloss scheduled tryouts in the fall of 1893 trying to assemble a football team.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ By mid-October, he had found 17 players that would make up the first football team in Oregon State's history.", "Eventing __knowledge__ Eventing (also known as three day eventing or horse trials) is an equestrian event where a single horse and rider combination compete against other combinations across the three disciplines of dressage, cross-country, and show jumping.", "Eventing __knowledge__ This event has its roots in a comprehensive cavalry test which required mastery of several types of riding.", "Eventing __knowledge__ The competition may be run as a one-day event (ODE), where all three events are completed in one day (dressage, followed by cross country and then stadium) or a three-day event (3DE), which is more commonly now run over four days, with dressage on the first two days followed by cross country the next day and then show jumping in reverse order on the final day.", "Albany Great Danes __knowledge__ The Albany Great Danes are the NCAA Division I intercollegiate athletic programs of the University at Albany, SUNY, located in Albany, New York, United States.", "Albany Great Danes __knowledge__ A member of the America East Conference, the University at Albany, SUNY sponsors teams in eight men's and ten women's NCAA sanctioned sports.", "Albany Great Danes __knowledge__ The football team is an associate member of the Colonial Athletic Association, and the women's golf team is an associate member of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference.", "Albany Great Danes __knowledge__ The University's intercollegiate athletics date back to the late 1890s, but its development was hampered for several decades by inadequate facilities, uncertain financial support, and the relatively small number of male students in an institution designed to develop elementary school teachers.", "Alain Mimoun __knowledge__ Alain Mimoun (1 January 1921 – 27 June 2013) was an Algerian-born French long-distance runner who competed in track events, cross-country running and the marathon.", "Alain Mimoun __knowledge__ He was the 1956 Olympic champion in the marathon.", "Alain Mimoun __knowledge__ He is the most medalled French athletics sportsperson in history.", "Alain Mimoun __knowledge__ In 1999, readers of the French athletics magazine Athlétisme voted him as the “French Athlete of the 20th Century”.", "Alain Mimoun __knowledge__ On the track Mimoun won three Olympic silver medals, finishing second behind Emil Zátopek in the 10,000 metres final in 1948 and again second behind him in both the 5,000 metres and 10,000 metres finals in 1952.", "Cross country running __knowledge__ Cross country running is a sport in which teams and individuals run a race on open-air courses over natural terrain such as dirt or grass.", "Cross country running __knowledge__ Sometimes the runners are referred to as \"harriers\" (dogs).", "Cross country running __knowledge__ The course, typically long, may include surfaces of grass, and earth, pass through woodlands and open country, and include hills, flat ground and sometimes gravel road.", "Cross country running __knowledge__ It is both an individual and a team sport; runners are judged on individual times and teams by a points-scoring method.", "Cross country running __knowledge__ Both men and women of all ages compete in cross country, which usually takes place during autumn and winter, and can include weather conditions of rain, sleet, snow or hail, and a wide range of temperatures.", "Dara O Briain's Go 8 Bit __knowledge__ Dara O Briain's Go 8 Bit is a British comedy panel game show originally created by English comedians Steve McNeil (born 1 September 1979) and Sam Pamphilon (born 3 December 1983) during the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 2013, and then transferred to television on Dave beginning on 5 September 2016.", "Dara O Briain's Go 8 Bit __knowledge__ The TV series stars comedian Dara Ó Briain as host, with McNeil and Pamphilon as team captains, and video game journalist Ellie Gibson as the resident expert.", "Dara O Briain's Go 8 Bit __knowledge__ The show involves McNeil and Pamphilon and their team mates playing a series of five video games against each other.", "Dara O Briain's Go 8 Bit __knowledge__ On 15 December 2016, it was announced that the show had been recommissioned for a second and third series." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Long-distance running, or endurance running, is a form of continuous running over distances of at least eight kilometres (5 miles).", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Physiologically, it is largely aerobic in nature and requires stamina as well as mental strength.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Among mammals, humans are well adapted for running significant distances, and particularly so among primates.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ The endurance running hypothesis suggests that running endurance in the \"Homo\" genus arose because travelling over large areas improved scavenging opportunities and allowed persistence hunting.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ The capacity for endurance running is also found in migratory ungulates and a limited number of terrestrial carnivores, such as dogs, wolves and hyenas.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ In modern human society, long-distance running has multiple purposes: people may engage in it for physical exercise, for recreation, as a means of travel, for economic reasons, or for cultural reasons.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Long distance running can also be used as a means to improve cardiovascular health.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Running improves aerobic fitness by increasing the activity of enzymes and hormones that stimulate the muscles and the heart to work more efficiently.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Endurance running is often a component of physical military training and has been so historically.", "The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner __knowledge__ \"The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner\" is a short story by Alan Sillitoe, published in 1959 as part of a short story collection of the same name.", "The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner __knowledge__ The work focuses on Smith, a poor Nottingham teenager from a dismal home in a working class area, who has bleak prospects in life and few interests beyond petty crime.", "The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner __knowledge__ The boy turns to long-distance running as a method of both an emotional and a physical escape from his situation.", "The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner __knowledge__ The story was adapted for a 1962 film of the same title, with Sillitoe writing the screenplay and Tony Richardson directing.", "The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner __knowledge__ The part of Smith (now called Colin) was played by Tom Courtenay.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "Running __knowledge__ Running is a method of terrestrial locomotion allowing humans and other animals to move rapidly on foot.", "Running __knowledge__ Running is a type of gait characterized by an aerial phase in which all feet are above the ground (though there are exceptions).", "Running __knowledge__ This is in contrast to walking, where one foot is always in contact with the ground, the legs are kept mostly straight and the center of gravity vaults over the stance leg or legs in an inverted pendulum fashion.", "Running __knowledge__ A characteristic feature of a running body from the viewpoint of spring-mass mechanics is that changes in kinetic and potential energy within a stride occur simultaneously, with energy storage accomplished by springy tendons and passive muscle elasticity.", "Track and field __knowledge__ Track and field is a sport which includes athletic contests established on the skills of running, jumping, and throwing.", "Track and field __knowledge__ The name is derived from the sport's typical venue: a stadium with an oval running track enclosing a grass field where the throwing and jumping events take place.", "Track and field __knowledge__ Track and field is categorized under the umbrella sport of athletics, which also includes road running, cross country running, and race walking.", "Track and field __knowledge__ The foot racing events, which include sprints, middle- and long-distance events, race walking and hurdling, are won by the athlete with the fastest time.", "Track and field __knowledge__ The jumping and throwing events are won by the athlete who achieves the greatest distance or height.", "Browning Ross __knowledge__ Harris Browning Ross (April 26, 1924 – April 27, 1998) is often referred to as the father of long distance running in America.", "Browning Ross __knowledge__ H. Browning Ross, nicknamed \"Brownie\" by his friends, was a lifelong resident of Woodbury in Gloucester County, New Jersey, USA from his birth up until his death (nearly 74 years later to the day).", "Browning Ross __knowledge__ He devoted his life to spreading his love and enthusiasm for long distance running and is often credited as the cornerstone to the development of long distance runners in the States today.", "Browning Ross __knowledge__ Ross did not grow up possessing a love for running.", "Browning Ross __knowledge__ In, fact it was not until he was cut from Woodbury High School's baseball team that he took up running.", "Oregon Ducks track and field __knowledge__ The Oregon Ducks track and field program is the intercollegiate track and field team for the University of Oregon located in the U.S. state of Oregon.", "Oregon Ducks track and field __knowledge__ The team competes at the NCAA Division I level and is a member of the Pac-12 Conference.", "Oregon Ducks track and field __knowledge__ The team participates in indoor and outdoor track and field as well as cross country.", "Oregon Ducks track and field __knowledge__ Known as the Ducks, Oregon's first track and field team was fielded in 1895.", "Oregon Ducks track and field __knowledge__ The team holds its home meets at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon.", "Oregon Ducks track and field __knowledge__ Robert Johnson is the current head coach and since the program's inception in 1895, there have only been seven permanent head coaches.", "Mental health __knowledge__ Mental health is a level of psychological well-being, or an absence of mental illness.", "Mental health __knowledge__ It is the \"psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioural adjustment\".", "Mental health __knowledge__ From the perspective of positive psychology or holism, mental health may include an individual's ability to enjoy life, and create a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience.", "Mental health __knowledge__ According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health includes \"subjective well-being, perceived self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, inter-generational dependence, and self-actualization of one's intellectual and emotional potential, among others.\"", "David Campese __knowledge__ David Ian Campese, AM (born 21 October 1962), also known as Campo, is a former Australian rugby union player.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese was capped by the Wallabies 101 times, and held the world record for the most tries in test matches (64) until Daisuke Ohata scored his 65th try playing for Japan on 14 May 2006.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese made his debut for the Wallabies on the 1982 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand, during which he scored a try in his first two Tests.", "David Campese __knowledge__ In 1983, he equaled the then record for most tries in a Test match for Australia against the USA, scoring four tries.", "David Campese __knowledge__ He was a member of the Eighth Wallabies for the 1984 Australia rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland that won rugby union's \"grand slam\", the first Australian side to defeat all four home nations, England, Ireland, Wales and Scotland, on a tour.", "Jacques Anquetil __knowledge__ Jacques Anquetil (; 8 January 1934 – 18 November 1987) was a French road racing cyclist and the first cyclist to win the Tour de France five times, in 1957 and from 1961 to 1964.", "Jacques Anquetil __knowledge__ He stated before the 1961 Tour that he would gain the yellow jersey on day one and wear it all through the tour, a tall order with two previous winners in the field—Charly Gaul and Federico Bahamontes—but he did it.", "Jacques Anquetil __knowledge__ His victories in stage races such as the Tour were built on an exceptional ability to ride alone against the clock in individual time trial stages, which lent him the name \"Monsieur Chrono\".", "Jacques Anquetil __knowledge__ Anquetil was the son of a builder in Mont-Saint-Aignan, in the hills above Rouen in Normandy, north-west France.", "List of Kung Fu Panda characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the DreamWorks animated film media franchise \"Kung Fu Panda\", with their shorts and specials \"Secrets of the Furious Five\", \"Kung Fu Panda Holiday\", \"\", and \"\", as well as the video games and TV show \"\".", "List of Kung Fu Panda characters __knowledge__ The world of \"Kung Fu Panda\" is a fantasized version of ancient China as typically depicted in the wuxia film genre populated by anthropomorphized Asian animals where the martial arts can have magical qualities on top of extraordinary physical prowess for those sufficiently skilled.", "List of Kung Fu Panda characters __knowledge__ Master Po Ping (Chinese for \"Precious Peace\"), born Lotus Shan, is the titular protagonist of the \"Kung Fu Panda\" franchise.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "2003–04 Arsenal F.C. season __knowledge__ The 2003–04 season was the 109th in the history of Arsenal Football Club.", "2003–04 Arsenal F.C. season __knowledge__ It began on 1 July 2003 and concluded on 30 June 2004, with competitive matches played between August and May.", "2003–04 Arsenal F.C. season __knowledge__ The club ended the Premier League campaign as champions without a single defeat – a record of 26 wins and 12 draws.", "2003–04 Arsenal F.C. season __knowledge__ Arsenal fared less well in the cups, eliminated in the FA Cup and League Cup semi-finals to Manchester United and Middlesbrough respectively, and at the quarter-final stage of the UEFA Champions League to Chelsea.", "2003–04 Arsenal F.C. season __knowledge__ Arsenal did little business in the transfer market early in the season due to the financial demands that came with the club's new stadium project." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 2, 8 ]

[ "Long-distance running is when you run continuously for at least 5 miles - have you ever done this?", "It is certainly aerobic and requires some stamina I just do not have - my daughter ran cross country and would go 8 sometimes.", "No she's just one of those people that get out there, run, and the endorphins kick in - I would imagine it's quite a bit of mental strength as well.", "It actually increases the enzymes and hormones that stimulate the muscles and therefore the heart to work more efficiently. It's why you see runners having resting heart rates of like 50" ]

[ "Long-distance running", "Long-distance running", "Long-distance running", "Long-distance running" ]

[ "Agoraphobia", "Sounds very scary. I may have heard the word, but I am not familiar at all with the concept", "Seems reasonable. To a certain degree i can relate to those who are suffering from this disorder. I may consider myself to have mild degree of that disorder" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by symptoms of anxiety in situations where the person perceives the environment to be unsafe with no easy way to get away.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ These situations can include open spaces, public transit, shopping malls, or simply being outside the home.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Being in these situations may result in a panic attack.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ The symptoms occur nearly every time the situation is encountered and last for more than six months.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Those affected will go to great lengths to avoid these situations.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ In severe cases people may become unable to leave their homes.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Agoraphobia is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ The condition often runs in families, and stressful events such as the death of a parent or being attacked may be a trigger.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ In the DSM-5 agoraphobia is classified as a phobia along with specific phobias and social phobia.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Other conditions that can produce similar symptoms include separation anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and major depressive disorder.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Those affected are at higher risk of depression and substance use disorder.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Without treatment it is uncommon for agoraphobia to resolve.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Treatment is typically with a type of counselling called cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by symptoms of anxiety in situations where the person perceives the environment to be unsafe with no easy way to get away.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ These situations can include open spaces, public transit, shopping malls, or simply being outside the home.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Being in these situations may result in a panic attack.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ The symptoms occur nearly every time the situation is encountered and last for more than six months.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Those affected will go to great lengths to avoid these situations.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ In severe cases people may become unable to leave their homes.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Agoraphobia is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ The condition often runs in families, and stressful events such as the death of a parent or being attacked may be a trigger.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ In the DSM-5 agoraphobia is classified as a phobia along with specific phobias and social phobia.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Other conditions that can produce similar symptoms include separation anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and major depressive disorder.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Those affected are at higher risk of depression and substance use disorder.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Without treatment it is uncommon for agoraphobia to resolve.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Treatment is typically with a type of counselling called cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ When the circumstances of Genie, the primary victim in one of the most severe cases of abuse, neglect and social isolation on record in medical literature, first became known in early November 1970, authorities arranged for her admission to Children's Hospital Los Angeles, where doctors determined that at the age of 13 years and 7 months she had not acquired a first language.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ Hospital staff then began teaching Genie to speak General American English, and she gradually began to learn and use language.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ Their efforts soon caught the attention of linguists, who saw her as an important way to gain further insight into acquisition of language skills and linguistic development.", "Speech perception __knowledge__ Speech perception is the process by which the sounds of language are heard, interpreted and understood.", "Speech perception __knowledge__ The study of speech perception is closely linked to the fields of phonology and phonetics in linguistics and cognitive psychology and perception in psychology.", "Speech perception __knowledge__ Research in speech perception seeks to understand how human listeners recognize speech sounds and use this information to understand spoken language.", "Speech perception __knowledge__ Speech perception research has applications in building computer systems that can recognize speech, in improving speech recognition for hearing- and language-impaired listeners, and in foreign-language teaching.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Statistical learning in language acquisition __knowledge__ Statistical learning is the ability for humans and other animals to extract statistical regularities from the world around them to learn about the environment.", "Statistical learning in language acquisition __knowledge__ Although statistical learning is now thought to be a generalized learning mechanism, the phenomenon was first identified in human infant language acquisition.", "Statistical learning in language acquisition __knowledge__ The earliest evidence for these statistics learning abilities comes from a study by Jenny Saffran, Richard Aslin, and Elissa Newport, in which 8-month-old infants were presented with nonsense streams of monotone speech.", "Statistical learning in language acquisition __knowledge__ Each stream was composed of four three-syllable “pseudowords” that were repeated randomly.", "Romance languages __knowledge__ The Romance languages (sometimes called the Romanic languages, Latin languages, or Neo-Latin languages) are the modern languages that evolved from Vulgar Latin between the sixth and ninth centuries and that thus form a branch of the Italic languages within the Indo-European language family.", "Romance languages __knowledge__ Today, around 800 million people are native speakers worldwide, mainly in Europe, Africa and the Americas, but also elsewhere.", "Romance languages __knowledge__ Additionally, the major Romance languages have many non-native speakers and are in widespread use as lingua francas.", "Romance languages __knowledge__ This is especially the case for French, which is in widespread use throughout Central and West Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius and the Maghreb.", "Scream (1996 film) __knowledge__ Scream is a 1996 American slasher film directed by Wes Craven and written by Kevin Williamson.", "Scream (1996 film) __knowledge__ The film stars David Arquette, Neve Campbell, Courteney Cox, Matthew Lillard, Rose McGowan, Skeet Ulrich, and Drew Barrymore.", "Scream (1996 film) __knowledge__ Released on December 20, 1996, \"Scream\" follows the character of Sidney Prescott (Campbell), a high school student in the fictional town of Woodsboro, California, who becomes the target of a mysterious killer known as Ghostface.", "Scream (1996 film) __knowledge__ The film combined black comedy and \"whodunit\" mystery with the violence of the slasher genre to satirize the clichés of the horror film genre popularized in films such as \"Halloween\" and \"Friday the 13th\".", "Origin of speech __knowledge__ The origin of speech refers to the more general problem of the origin of language in the context of the physiological development of the human speech organs such as the tongue, lips and vocal organs used to produce phonological units in all human languages.", "Origin of speech __knowledge__ Although related to the more general problem of the origin of language, the evolution of distinctively human speech capacities has become a distinct and in many ways separate area of scientific research.", "Origin of speech __knowledge__ The topic is a separate one because language is not necessarily spoken: it can equally be written or signed.", "Origin of speech __knowledge__ Speech is in this sense optional, although it is the default modality for language.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent unexpected panic attacks.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Panic attacks are sudden periods of intense fear that may include palpitations, sweating, shaking, shortness of breath, numbness, or a feeling that something really bad is going to happen.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ The maximum degree of symptoms occurs within minutes.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ There may be ongoing worries about having further attacks and avoidance of places where attacks have occurred in the past.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ The cause of panic disorder is unknown.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Panic disorder often runs in families.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Risk factors include smoking, psychological stress, and a history of child abuse.", "Panic attack __knowledge__ Panic attacks are sudden periods of intense fear that may include palpitations, sweating, shaking, shortness of breath, numbness, or a feeling that something bad is going to happen.", "Panic attack __knowledge__ The maximum degree of symptoms occurs within minutes.", "Panic attack __knowledge__ Typically they last for about 30 minutes but the duration can vary from seconds to hours.", "Panic attack __knowledge__ There may be a fear of losing control or chest pain.", "Panic attack __knowledge__ Panic attacks themselves are not dangerous physically.", "Panic attack __knowledge__ Panic attacks can occur due to number of disorders including panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, drug use disorder, depression, and medical problems.", "Agoraphobia without history of panic disorder __knowledge__ Agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder (also called primary agoraphobia) is an anxiety disorder where the sufferer does not meet the DSM-5 criteria for panic disorder.", "Agoraphobia without history of panic disorder __knowledge__ Agoraphobia typically develops as a result of having panic disorder.", "Agoraphobia without history of panic disorder __knowledge__ In a small minority of cases, however, agoraphobia can develop by itself without being triggered by the onset of panic attacks.", "Agoraphobia without history of panic disorder __knowledge__ Agoraphobia can be caused by traumatic experiences, such as bullying or abuse.", "Agoraphobia without history of panic disorder __knowledge__ Historically, there has been debate over whether agoraphobia without panic genuinely existed, or whether it was simply a manifestation of other disorders such as panic disorder, general anxiety disorder, avoidant personality disorder and social phobia.", "Phobia __knowledge__ A phobia is a type of anxiety disorder, defined by a persistent fear of an object or situation.", "Phobia __knowledge__ The phobia typically results in a rapid onset of fear and is present for more than six months.", "Phobia __knowledge__ The affected person will go to great lengths to avoid the situation or object, typically to a degree greater than the actual danger posed.", "Phobia __knowledge__ If the feared object or situation cannot be avoided, the affected person will have significant distress.", "Phobia __knowledge__ With blood or injury phobia, fainting may occur.", "Phobia __knowledge__ Agoraphobia is often associated with panic attacks.", "Phobia __knowledge__ Usually a person has phobias to a number of objects or situations.", "Panic and Agoraphobia Scale __knowledge__ The Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (PAS) is a rating scale developed for measuring severity of agoraphobia with or without panic attacks.", "Panic and Agoraphobia Scale __knowledge__ The Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (PAS) is primarily used for monitoring the efficacy of both medication and psychotherapy treatments of agoraphobia, as well as a screening tool for the disorder.", "Panic and Agoraphobia Scale __knowledge__ It is available in both self-rated and clinician-rated versions and the scale structure is compatible with DSM-IV and ICD-10 classifications.", "Panic and Agoraphobia Scale __knowledge__ In addition to the English version, translations are available in many languages, including French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Yiddish, Chinese, Thai, and others.", "Mark McGowan (performance artist) __knowledge__ Mark McGowan (born 9 June 1964) is a British street artist, performance artist and prominent public protester who has gone by the artist name Chunky Mark and more recently The Artist Taxi Driver.", "Mark McGowan (performance artist) __knowledge__ By profession, McGowan is a London taxi driver and occasional University speaker and arts tutor.", "Mark McGowan (performance artist) __knowledge__ McGowan is known internationally for his performance art including shock art, street art and installation art, and as a stuntman, internet personality, video blogger, social commentator, social critic, satirist, political activist, peace activist, and an anti-establishment, anti-war, anti-capitalist anti-monarchist and anti-power elite protester." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by symptoms of anxiety in situations where the person perceives the environment to be unsafe with no easy way to get away.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ These situations can include open spaces, public transit, shopping malls, or simply being outside the home.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Being in these situations may result in a panic attack.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ The symptoms occur nearly every time the situation is encountered and last for more than six months.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Those affected will go to great lengths to avoid these situations.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ In severe cases people may become unable to leave their homes.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Agoraphobia is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ The condition often runs in families, and stressful events such as the death of a parent or being attacked may be a trigger.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ In the DSM-5 agoraphobia is classified as a phobia along with specific phobias and social phobia.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Other conditions that can produce similar symptoms include separation anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and major depressive disorder.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Those affected are at higher risk of depression and substance use disorder.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Without treatment it is uncommon for agoraphobia to resolve.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Treatment is typically with a type of counselling called cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).", "South African labour law __knowledge__ South African labour law regulates the relationship between employers, employees and trade unions in the Republic of South Africa.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ The Native Labour Regulations Act 1911 prohibited strikes by trade unions, introduced wage ceilings and a pass system for moving around jobs.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Over 70,000 Chinese labourers were brought in, and used by landowners to undercut the wages of other workers.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Among white workers, there was significant unrest, and major strikes took place in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 For a period of sixteen years, from 1979 to 1995, several critical developments occurred in the field of labour law in South Africa, beginning with a radical change in the first of these years, when a significant Commission of Enquiry was held, resulting in the establishment of an Industrial Court, which was given extensive powers to mould, change, shape and develop the law.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ South African criminal law is the body of national law relating to crime in South Africa.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In the definition of Van der Walt \"et al\", a crime is \"conduct which common or statute law prohibits and expressly or impliedly subjects to punishment remissible by the state alone and which the offender cannot avoid by his own act once he has been convicted.\"", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ Crime involves the infliction of harm against society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ The function or object of criminal law is to provide a social mechanism with which to coerce members of society to abstain from conduct that is harmful to the interests of society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In South Africa, as in most adversarial legal systems, the standard of evidence required to validate a criminal conviction is proof beyond a reasonable doubt.", "Bipolar disorder __knowledge__ Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mental disorder that causes periods of depression and periods of elevated mood.", "Bipolar disorder __knowledge__ The elevated mood is significant and is known as mania or hypomania, depending on its severity, or whether symptoms of psychosis are present.", "Bipolar disorder __knowledge__ During mania, an individual behaves or feels abnormally energetic, happy, or irritable.", "Bipolar disorder __knowledge__ Individuals often make poorly thought out decisions with little regard to the consequences.", "Bipolar disorder __knowledge__ The need for sleep is usually reduced during manic phases.", "Bipolar disorder __knowledge__ During periods of depression, there may be crying, a negative outlook on life, and poor eye contact with others.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by significant feelings of anxiety and fear.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Anxiety is a worry about future events and fear is a reaction to current events.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ These feelings may cause physical symptoms, such as a fast heart rate and shakiness.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ There are a number of anxiety disorders: including generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, panic disorder, and selective mutism.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ The disorder differs by what results in the symptoms.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ People often have more than one anxiety disorder.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ The cause of anxiety disorders is a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ A mental disorder, also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitting, or occur as a single episode.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Many disorders have been described, with signs and symptoms that vary widely between specific disorders.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such disorders may be diagnosed by a mental health professional.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ The causes of mental disorders are often unclear.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Theories may incorporate findings from a range of fields.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Mental disorders are usually defined by a combination of how a person behaves, feels, perceives, or thinks.", "Personality disorder __knowledge__ Personality disorders (PD) are a class of mental disorders characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating markedly from those accepted by the individual's culture.", "Personality disorder __knowledge__ These patterns develop early, are inflexible, and are associated with significant distress or disability.", "Personality disorder __knowledge__ The definitions may vary somewhat, according to source.", "Personality disorder __knowledge__ Official criteria for diagnosing personality disorders are listed in the \"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\" (DSM) and the of the \"International Classification of Diseases\" (ICD).", "South African contract law __knowledge__ South African contract law is ‘essentially a modernised version of the Roman-Dutch law of contract’, which is itself rooted in canon and Roman laws.", "South African contract law __knowledge__ In the broadest definition, a contract is an agreement two or more parties enter into with the serious intention of creating a legal obligation.", "South African contract law __knowledge__ Contract law provides a legal framework within which persons can transact business and exchange resources, secure in the knowledge that the law will uphold their agreements and, if necessary, enforce them.", "South African contract law __knowledge__ The law of contract underpins private enterprise in South Africa and regulates it in the interest of fair dealing.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is an anxiety disorder characterized by a significant amount of fear in one or more social situations, causing considerable distress and impaired ability to function in at least some parts of daily life.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ These fears can be triggered by perceived or actual scrutiny from others.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Physical symptoms often include excessive blushing, excess sweating, trembling, palpitations, and nausea.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Stammering may be present, along with rapid speech.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Panic attacks can also occur under intense fear and discomfort.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Some sufferers may use alcohol or other drugs to reduce fears and inhibitions at social events.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent unexpected panic attacks.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Panic attacks are sudden periods of intense fear that may include palpitations, sweating, shaking, shortness of breath, numbness, or a feeling that something really bad is going to happen.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ The maximum degree of symptoms occurs within minutes.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ There may be ongoing worries about having further attacks and avoidance of places where attacks have occurred in the past.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ The cause of panic disorder is unknown.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Panic disorder often runs in families.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Risk factors include smoking, psychological stress, and a history of child abuse.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters from the British comedy-drama Shameless, created by Paul Abbott, which began broadcasting on Channel 4 in 2004.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The programme is set on the fictinal Chatsworth Estate in suburban Manchester and the surrounding area, and primarily follows the lives of the Gallagher family and the neighbouring Maguire family, and their friends and neighbours in the town's shops and local pub The Jockey.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The first series focuses on layabout Frank Gallagher and the lives of his six children, Fiona and boyfriend Steve, Lip, Ian, Carl, Debbie and Liam, and next-door neighbours, Kev and Veronica.", "Panic attack __knowledge__ Panic attacks are sudden periods of intense fear that may include palpitations, sweating, shaking, shortness of breath, numbness, or a feeling that something bad is going to happen.", "Panic attack __knowledge__ The maximum degree of symptoms occurs within minutes.", "Panic attack __knowledge__ Typically they last for about 30 minutes but the duration can vary from seconds to hours.", "Panic attack __knowledge__ There may be a fear of losing control or chest pain.", "Panic attack __knowledge__ Panic attacks themselves are not dangerous physically.", "Panic attack __knowledge__ Panic attacks can occur due to number of disorders including panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, drug use disorder, depression, and medical problems." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 67 ]

[ "I feel really bad for people that have Agoraphobia. Have you ever heard of Agoraphobia?", "Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder where people are afraid to leave their homes. Famous people like Paula Dean had it. If you've ever seen the show Shameless, there is a character with it in the show.", "Yes, myself as well. I often am more comfortable at home and would prefer to be here. However, It isn't to the point of having a panic attack if I do leave. That must be terrible. " ]

[ "Agoraphobia", "Agoraphobia", "Agoraphobia" ]

[ "Skunk", "What is the Mephitidae family?", "Yes I have. I grew up in an area that had skunks and they do stink! It the liquid poisonous?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Skunk __knowledge__ Skunks are mammals in the family Mephitidae.", "Skunk __knowledge__ The animals are known for their ability to spray a liquid with a strong unpleasant smell.", "Skunk __knowledge__ Different species of skunk vary in appearance from black-and-white to brown, cream or ginger colored, but all have warning coloration.", "Skunk __knowledge__ 1630s, squunck, from a southern New England Algonquian language (probably Abenaki) seganku, from Proto-Algonquian */šeka:kwa/, from */šek-/ \"to urinate\" + */-a:kw/ \"fox.\"", "Skunk __knowledge__ \"Skunk\" has historic use as an insult, attested from 1841.", "Skunk __knowledge__ Skunk cabbage is attested from 1751; earlier skunkweed (1738).", "Skunk __knowledge__ In 1634, a skunk was described in the Jesuit Relations: Skunk species vary in size from about long and in weight from about (spotted skunks) to (hog-nosed skunks).", "Skunk __knowledge__ They have moderately elongated bodies with relatively short, well-muscled legs and long front claws for digging.", "Skunk __knowledge__ Although the most common fur color is black and white, some skunks are brown or grey and a few are cream-colored.", "Skunk __knowledge__ All skunks are striped, even from birth.", "Skunk __knowledge__ They may have a single thick stripe across back and tail, two thinner stripes, or a series of white spots and broken stripes (in the case of the spotted skunk).", "Skunk __knowledge__ Some also have stripes on their legs.", "Skunk __knowledge__ Skunks are omnivorous, eating both plant and animal material and changing their diets as the seasons change." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Skunk __knowledge__ Skunks are mammals in the family Mephitidae.", "Skunk __knowledge__ The animals are known for their ability to spray a liquid with a strong unpleasant smell.", "Skunk __knowledge__ Different species of skunk vary in appearance from black-and-white to brown, cream or ginger colored, but all have warning coloration.", "Skunk __knowledge__ 1630s, squunck, from a southern New England Algonquian language (probably Abenaki) seganku, from Proto-Algonquian */šeka:kwa/, from */šek-/ \"to urinate\" + */-a:kw/ \"fox.\"", "Skunk __knowledge__ \"Skunk\" has historic use as an insult, attested from 1841.", "Skunk __knowledge__ Skunk cabbage is attested from 1751; earlier skunkweed (1738).", "Skunk __knowledge__ In 1634, a skunk was described in the Jesuit Relations: Skunk species vary in size from about long and in weight from about (spotted skunks) to (hog-nosed skunks).", "Skunk __knowledge__ They have moderately elongated bodies with relatively short, well-muscled legs and long front claws for digging.", "Skunk __knowledge__ Although the most common fur color is black and white, some skunks are brown or grey and a few are cream-colored.", "Skunk __knowledge__ All skunks are striped, even from birth.", "Skunk __knowledge__ They may have a single thick stripe across back and tail, two thinner stripes, or a series of white spots and broken stripes (in the case of the spotted skunk).", "Skunk __knowledge__ Some also have stripes on their legs.", "Skunk __knowledge__ Skunks are omnivorous, eating both plant and animal material and changing their diets as the seasons change.", "Avernus Colles __knowledge__ Avernus Colles is a region of fractured terrain on Mars on the southeast margin of Elysium Planitia, at 1.6°S, 171°E.", "Avernus Colles __knowledge__ It is fairly large, being 244 km (152 mi) in diameter.", "Avernus Colles __knowledge__ Avernus Colles can be found in the Elysium quadrangle.", "Avernus Colles __knowledge__ It was named in 1985 after a lake in Campania, Italy, which is believed by some to be an entrance to the underworld.", "Mephitidae __knowledge__ Mephitidae is a family of mammals comprising the skunks and stink badgers.", "Mephitidae __knowledge__ They are noted for the great development of their anal scent glands, which they use to deter predators.", "Mephitidae __knowledge__ There are twelve extant species of mephitids in four genera: \"Conepatus\" (hog-nosed skunks, four species); \"Mephitis\" (the hooded and striped skunks, two species); \"Mydaus\" (stink badgers, two species); and \"Spilogale\" (spotted skunks, four species).", "Mephitidae __knowledge__ The two stink badgers in the genus \"Mydaus\" inhabit Indonesia and the Philippines; the other members of the family inhabit the Americas, ranging from Canada to central South America.", "Carnivora __knowledge__ Carnivora (; from Latin \"carō\" (stem \"carn-\") \"flesh\" and \"vorāre\" \"to devour\") is a diverse scrotiferan order that includes over 280 species of placental mammals.", "Carnivora __knowledge__ Its members are formally referred to as carnivorans, whereas the word \"carnivore\" (often popularly applied to members of this group) can refer to any meat-eating organism.", "Carnivora __knowledge__ Carnivorans are the most diverse in size of any mammalian order, ranging from the least weasel (\"Mustela nivalis\"), at as little as and , to the polar bear (\"Ursus maritimus\"), which can weigh up to , to the southern elephant seal (\"Mirounga leonina\"), whose adult males weigh up to and measure up to in length.", "Stink badger __knowledge__ Stink badgers (Mydaus) are not true badgers but a genus of the skunk family of carnivorans, the Mephitidae.", "Stink badger __knowledge__ There are only two extant species - the Palawan stink badger (\"M. marchei\"), and the Sunda stink badger or Teledu (\"M. javanensis\").", "Stink badger __knowledge__ They live only on western islands of the Malay Archipelago: Sumatra, Java, Borneo and (in the case of the Palawan stink badger) on the Philippine island of Palawan; as well as many other, smaller islands in the region.", "Stink badger __knowledge__ Stink badgers are named for their resemblance to badgers and for the foul-smelling secretions that they expel from anal glands in self-defense (which is stronger in the Sunda species).", "Palawan stink badger __knowledge__ The Palawan stink badger (\"Mydaus marchei\"), or pantot, is a carnivoran of the western Philippines named for its resemblance to badgers, its powerful smell, and the largest island to which it is native, Palawan.", "Palawan stink badger __knowledge__ Like all stink badgers, the Palawan stink badger was once thought to share a more recent common ancestor with badgers than with skunks.", "Palawan stink badger __knowledge__ Recent genetic evidence, however, has led to their re-classification as one of the Mephitidae, the skunk family of mammals.", "Palawan stink badger __knowledge__ It is the size of a large skunk or small badger, and uses its badger-like body to dig by night for invertebrates in open areas near patches of brush.", "Tunica people __knowledge__ The Tunica people were a group of linguistically and culturally related Native American tribes in the Mississippi River Valley, which include the Tunica (also spelled Tonica, Tonnica, and Thonnica); the Yazoo; the Koroa (Akoroa, Courouais); and possibly the Tioux.", "Tunica people __knowledge__ They first encountered Europeans in 1541 - members of the Hernando de Soto expedition.", "Tunica people __knowledge__ Over the next centuries, under pressure from hostile neighbors, the Tunica migrated south from the Central Mississippi Valley to the Lower Mississippi Valley.", "Tunica people __knowledge__ Eventually they moved westward and settled around present-day Marksville, Louisiana.", "Tunica people __knowledge__ Since the early 19th century, they have intermarried with the Biloxi tribe, an unrelated Siouan-speaking people from the vicinity of Biloxi, Mississippi and shared land.", "BmTx3 __knowledge__ BmTx3 is a neurotoxin, which is a component of the venom of the scorpion \"Buthus Martensi\" Karsch.", "BmTx3 __knowledge__ It blocks A-type potassium channels in the central nervous system and hERG-channels in the heart.", "BmTx3 __knowledge__ BmTx3 was originally purified from the venom of the Chinese scorpion, \"Buthus Martensi\" Karsch.", "BmTx3 __knowledge__ BmTx3 is a “short-chain” peptide like other potassium channel blockers in the scorpion venom and added to the phylogenetic tree in the subfamily α-KTx15.", "BmTx3 __knowledge__ Its 3D structure has not yet been elucidated, but based on sequence similarity it likely resembles the 3D structure of BmTx1 or Discrepin.", "BmTx3 __knowledge__ BmTx3 consists of an α-helix and two β-sheet segments cross-linked by three disulfide bridges (Cs-α/β motif).", "List of mammals of Wyoming __knowledge__ There are at least 18 large mammal and 103 small mammal species known to occur in Wyoming.", "List of mammals of Wyoming __knowledge__ Species are listed by common name, scientific name, typical habitat and occurrence.", "List of mammals of Wyoming __knowledge__ Common and scientific names from American Society of Mammalogists' Wyoming Mammal List.", "List of mammals of Wyoming __knowledge__ Order: Carninuts, Family: Ursidae Occurrence: Goteem, slide areas, alpine meadows The American black bear (\"Ursus americanus\") is North America's smallest and most common species of bear.", "List of mammals of Wyoming __knowledge__ It is a generalist animal, being able to exploit numerous different habitats and foodstuffs.", "List of mammals of Wyoming __knowledge__ The American black bear is listed by the IUCN as Least Concern, due to the species widespread distribution and a large global population estimated to be twice that of all other bear species combined.", "List of mammals of Montana __knowledge__ There are at least 19 large mammal and 96 small mammal species known to occur in Montana.", "List of mammals of Montana __knowledge__ Among Montana's mammals, three are listed as endangered or threatened species and the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks lists a number of species as \"Species of Concern\".", "List of mammals of Montana __knowledge__ There are also very aggressive packs of wolves Species are listed by common name, scientific name, typical habitat and occurrence.", "List of mammals of Montana __knowledge__ Common and scientific names from R. S. Hoffman and D. L. Pattie, \"A Guide to Montana Mammals\", 1968.", "List of mammals of Montana __knowledge__ Order: Carnivora, Family: Ursidae Occurrence: Forests, slide areas, alpine meadows The American black bear (\"Ursus americanus\") is North America's smallest and most common species of bear.", "Mammals of Glacier National Park (U.S.) __knowledge__ There are at least 14 large mammal and 50 small mammal species known to occur in Glacier National Park.", "Mammals of Glacier National Park (U.S.) __knowledge__ Species are listed by common name, scientific name.", "Mammals of Glacier National Park (U.S.) __knowledge__ Common and scientific names from R. S. Hoffman and D. L. Pattie, \"A Guide to Montana Mammals\", 1968.", "Mammals of Glacier National Park (U.S.) __knowledge__ Order: Carnivora, Family: Ursidae Occurrence: Forests, slide areas, alpine meadows E W A The American black bear (\"Ursus americanus\") is North America's smallest and most common species of bear.", "Mammals of Glacier National Park (U.S.) __knowledge__ It is a generalist animal, being able to exploit numerous different habitats and foodstuffs.", "Mammals of Glacier National Park (U.S.) __knowledge__ The American black bear is listed by the IUCN as least concern, due to the species widespread distribution and a large global population estimated to be twice that of all other bear species combined.", "Mammals of Olympic National Park __knowledge__ There are at least 9 large terrestrial mammal, 50 small mammal and 14 marine mammal species known to occur in Olympic National Park.", "Mammals of Olympic National Park __knowledge__ Species are listed by common name, scientific name, and occurrence.", "Mammals of Olympic National Park __knowledge__ Common and scientific names from Washington State Field Guides-Mammals of Washington.", "Mammals of Olympic National Park __knowledge__ Order: Carnivora, Family: Ursidae Occurrence: Forests, slide areas, alpine meadows - C The American black bear (\"Ursus americanus\") is North America's smallest and most common species of bear.", "Mammals of Olympic National Park __knowledge__ It is a generalist animal, being able to exploit numerous different habitats and foodstuffs.", "Mammals of Olympic National Park __knowledge__ The American black bear is listed by the IUCN as least concern, due to the species widespread distribution and a large global population estimated to be twice that of all other bear species combined.", "List of US Navy ships sunk or damaged in action during World War II __knowledge__ This is a List of US Navy ships sunk or damaged in action during World War II.", "List of US Navy ships sunk or damaged in action during World War II __knowledge__ it also list US Coast Guard losses: USS \"Arizona\" (BB-39) destroyed by Japanese aircraft bombs at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, 7 December 1941, and stricken from the Navy List, 1 December 1942.", "List of US Navy ships sunk or damaged in action during World War II __knowledge__ USS \"Oklahoma\" (BB-37) capsized and sank after being torpedoed by Japanese aircraft at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, 7 December 1941.", "List of US Navy ships sunk or damaged in action during World War II __knowledge__ USS \"Hornet\" (CV-8) sunk after being torpedoed by Japanese aircraft during the Battle of Santa Cruz, Solomon Islands, 26 October 1942.", "List of US Navy ships sunk or damaged in action during World War II __knowledge__ USS \"Lexington\" (CV-2) sunk after being torpedoed by Japanese aircraft during the Battle of the Coral Sea, 8 May 1942." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Skunk __knowledge__ Skunks are mammals in the family Mephitidae.", "Skunk __knowledge__ The animals are known for their ability to spray a liquid with a strong unpleasant smell.", "Skunk __knowledge__ Different species of skunk vary in appearance from black-and-white to brown, cream or ginger colored, but all have warning coloration.", "Skunk __knowledge__ 1630s, squunck, from a southern New England Algonquian language (probably Abenaki) seganku, from Proto-Algonquian */šeka:kwa/, from */šek-/ \"to urinate\" + */-a:kw/ \"fox.\"", "Skunk __knowledge__ \"Skunk\" has historic use as an insult, attested from 1841.", "Skunk __knowledge__ Skunk cabbage is attested from 1751; earlier skunkweed (1738).", "Skunk __knowledge__ In 1634, a skunk was described in the Jesuit Relations: Skunk species vary in size from about long and in weight from about (spotted skunks) to (hog-nosed skunks).", "Skunk __knowledge__ They have moderately elongated bodies with relatively short, well-muscled legs and long front claws for digging.", "Skunk __knowledge__ Although the most common fur color is black and white, some skunks are brown or grey and a few are cream-colored.", "Skunk __knowledge__ All skunks are striped, even from birth.", "Skunk __knowledge__ They may have a single thick stripe across back and tail, two thinner stripes, or a series of white spots and broken stripes (in the case of the spotted skunk).", "Skunk __knowledge__ Some also have stripes on their legs.", "Skunk __knowledge__ Skunks are omnivorous, eating both plant and animal material and changing their diets as the seasons change.", "Skunks as pets __knowledge__ Although capable of living indoors with humans similarly to cats or dogs, pet skunks are relatively rare, partly due to restrictive laws and the complexity of their care.", "Skunks as pets __knowledge__ Pet skunks are mainly kept in the United States, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland and Italy.", "Skunks as pets __knowledge__ In the United States, pet skunks can be purchased from licensed animal shelters, non-profit skunk educational organizations such as the American Domestic Skunk Association, Inc., or breeders with a permit from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.", "Skunks as pets __knowledge__ Baby skunk availability peaks during springtime, immediately following the skunk mating season.", "Palawan stink badger __knowledge__ The Palawan stink badger (\"Mydaus marchei\"), or pantot, is a carnivoran of the western Philippines named for its resemblance to badgers, its powerful smell, and the largest island to which it is native, Palawan.", "Palawan stink badger __knowledge__ Like all stink badgers, the Palawan stink badger was once thought to share a more recent common ancestor with badgers than with skunks.", "Palawan stink badger __knowledge__ Recent genetic evidence, however, has led to their re-classification as one of the Mephitidae, the skunk family of mammals.", "Palawan stink badger __knowledge__ It is the size of a large skunk or small badger, and uses its badger-like body to dig by night for invertebrates in open areas near patches of brush.", "Mephitidae __knowledge__ Mephitidae is a family of mammals comprising the skunks and stink badgers.", "Mephitidae __knowledge__ They are noted for the great development of their anal scent glands, which they use to deter predators.", "Mephitidae __knowledge__ There are twelve extant species of mephitids in four genera: \"Conepatus\" (hog-nosed skunks, four species); \"Mephitis\" (the hooded and striped skunks, two species); \"Mydaus\" (stink badgers, two species); and \"Spilogale\" (spotted skunks, four species).", "Mephitidae __knowledge__ The two stink badgers in the genus \"Mydaus\" inhabit Indonesia and the Philippines; the other members of the family inhabit the Americas, ranging from Canada to central South America.", "Stink bomb __knowledge__ A stink bomb is a device designed to create an unpleasant smell.", "Stink bomb __knowledge__ They range in effectiveness from simple pranks to military grade malodorants or riot control chemical agents.", "Stink bomb __knowledge__ The Guinness Book of Records lists two smelliest substances.", "Stink bomb __knowledge__ One is \"US Government Standard Bathroom Malodor\"; a mixture of eight chemicals with a stench resembling human feces, only much stronger, designed to test the efficacy of deodorizers and air fresheners.", "Stink bomb __knowledge__ Another one, \"Who me?", "Stink bomb __knowledge__ \", is a mixture of five sulfur-containing chemicals and smells like rotting food and carcasses.. At the lower end of the spectrum, relatively harmless stink bombs consist of ammonium sulfide, which smells strongly of rotten eggs.", "Brown marmorated stink bug __knowledge__ Halyomorpha halys, also known as the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), or simply the stink bug, is an insect in the family Pentatomidae that is native to China, Japan, the Koreas, and Taiwan.", "Brown marmorated stink bug __knowledge__ It was accidentally introduced into the United States, with the first specimen being collected in September, 1998.", "Brown marmorated stink bug __knowledge__ The brown marmorated stink bug is considered to be an agricultural pest and by 2010–11 had become a season-long pest in U.S. orchards.", "Brown marmorated stink bug __knowledge__ It has recently established itself also in Europe and South America.", "Brown marmorated stink bug __knowledge__ The adults are approximately long and about as wide, forming the shield shape characteristic of other stink bugs.", "Spotted skunk __knowledge__ The genus \"Spilogale\" includes all skunks commonly known as spotted skunks and is composed of four different species: \"S. gracilis, S. putorius, S. pygmaea, S. angustifrons\".", "Spotted skunk __knowledge__ Mammalogists consider \"S. gracilis\" and \"S. putorius\" different species because of differences in reproductive patterns, reproductive morphology, and chromosomal variation.", "Spotted skunk __knowledge__ However, interbreeding has never been falsified.", "Spotted skunk __knowledge__ The name \"Spilogale\" comes from the Greek word \"spilo\", which means \"spotted\", and gale, which means \"weasel\".", "Spotted skunk __knowledge__ \"Putorius\" is the Latin word for \"fetid odor\".", "Spotted skunk __knowledge__ \"Gracilis\" is the Latin word for \"slender\".", "Spotted skunk __knowledge__ Several other names attributed to \"S. putorius\" include: civet cat, polecat, hydrophobian skunk, phoby skunk, phoby cat, tree skunk, weasel skunk, black marten, little spotted skunk, four-lined skunk, four-striped skunk, and sachet kitty.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ Human evolution is the evolutionary process that led to the emergence of anatomically modern humans, beginning with the evolutionary history of primates – in particular genus \"Homo\" – and leading to the emergence of \"Homo sapiens\" as a distinct species of the hominid family, the great apes.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ This process involved the gradual development of traits such as human bipedalism and language.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, paleontology, neurobiology, ethology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.", "Human __knowledge__ Modern humans (\"Homo sapiens\", ssp.", "Human __knowledge__ \"Homo sapiens sapiens\") are the only extant members of the subtribe Hominina, a branch of the tribe Hominini belonging to the family of great apes.", "Human __knowledge__ They are characterized by erect posture and bipedal locomotion; high manual dexterity and heavy tool use compared to other animals; and a general trend toward larger, more complex brains and societies.", "Human __knowledge__ Early hominins—particularly the australopithecines, whose brains and anatomy are in many ways more similar to ancestral non-human apes—are less often referred to as \"human\" than hominins of the genus \"Homo\".", "Human __knowledge__ Several of these hominins used fire, occupied much of Eurasia, and gave rise to anatomically modern \"Homo sapiens\" in Africa about 315,000 years ago.", "Race (human categorization) __knowledge__ Race is a concept used in the categorization of humans into groups, called races or racial groups, based on combinations of shared physical traits, ancestry, genetics, and social or cultural traits.", "Race (human categorization) __knowledge__ Although such groupings lack a firm basis in modern biology, they continue to have a strong influence over contemporary social relations.", "Race (human categorization) __knowledge__ First used to refer to speakers of a common language and then to denote national affiliations, by the 17th century race began to refer to physical (phenotypical) traits.", "Race (human categorization) __knowledge__ The term was often used in a general biological taxonomic sense, starting from the 19th century, to denote genetically differentiated human populations defined by phenotype.", "Human taxonomy __knowledge__ Human taxonomy is the classification of the human species (systematic name Homo sapiens) within zoological taxonomy.", "Human taxonomy __knowledge__ The systematic genus, \"Homo\", is designed to include both anatomically modern humans and extinct varieties of archaic humans.", "Human taxonomy __knowledge__ Since the introduction of systematic names in the 18th century, knowledge of human evolution has increased drastically, and a number of intermediate taxa have been proposed in the 20th to early 21st century.", "Human taxonomy __knowledge__ The most widely accepted taxonomy groups takes the genus \"Homo\" as originating between two and three million years ago, divided into at least two species, archaic \"Homo erectus\" and modern \"Homo sapiens\", with about a dozen further suggestions for species without universal recognition.", "Homo floresiensis __knowledge__ Homo floresiensis (\"Flores Man\"; nicknamed \"hobbit\") is an extinct species in the genus \"Homo\".", "Homo floresiensis __knowledge__ The remains of an individual that would have stood about in height were discovered in 2003 at Liang Bua on the island of Flores in Indonesia.", "Homo floresiensis __knowledge__ Partial skeletons of nine individuals have been recovered, including one complete skull, referred to as \"LB1\".", "Homo floresiensis __knowledge__ These remains have been the subject of intense research to determine whether they represent a species distinct from modern humans, though the dominant consensus is that these remains do represent a distinct species due to genetic and anatomical differences.", "Anatomically modern human __knowledge__ In paleoanthropology, anatomically modern humans (AMH) is a term used to distinguish Homo sapiens as having an anatomy consistent with the range of phenotypes seen in contemporary humans from varieties of extinct archaic humans.", "Anatomically modern human __knowledge__ \"Homo sapiens\" evolved from \"archaic\" or \"robust\" predecessors (\"Homo heidelbergensis\", or a related offshoot from \"Homo erectus\") around 315,000 years ago.", "Anatomically modern human __knowledge__ The divergence of modern human populations dates to shortly after this time, the oldest division being that of the hunter-gatherer populations of Southern Africa, although there have been numerous events of admixture both between modern populations and between modern and archaic ones.", "Origin of speech __knowledge__ The origin of speech refers to the more general problem of the origin of language in the context of the physiological development of the human speech organs such as the tongue, lips and vocal organs used to produce phonological units in all human languages.", "Origin of speech __knowledge__ Although related to the more general problem of the origin of language, the evolution of distinctively human speech capacities has become a distinct and in many ways separate area of scientific research.", "Origin of speech __knowledge__ The topic is a separate one because language is not necessarily spoken: it can equally be written or signed.", "Origin of speech __knowledge__ Speech is in this sense optional, although it is the default modality for language." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "I have a purse with a picture of a sunk on it! :) you know, the mammal in the Mephitidae family?", "It is the scientific classification of them. Like humans are \"homo sapiens\". Species, genus, family. Have you ever seen or smelled a skunk before? They can spray a strong smelling liquid!", "No, it just smells very strong. I have some near me as well and the smell doesn't bother me. We have some black and white ones. There are also cream or ginger colored skunks." ]

[ "Skunk", "Skunk", "Skunk" ]

[ "Mick Jagger\nHI, I think Mick Jagger is awesome!", "My favorite song is Dancing in the Street", "He was born in England and was knighted", "The Queen refused to award him in person" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Sir Michael Philip Jagger, (born 26 July 1943) is an English singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, composer and actor who gained fame as the lead singer and one of the founder members of the Rolling Stones.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Jagger's career has spanned over five decades, and he has been described as \"one of the most popular and influential frontmen in the history of rock & roll\".", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ His distinctive voice and performances, along with Keith Richards' guitar style have been the trademark of the Rolling Stones throughout the band's career.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Jagger gained press notoriety for his admitted drug use and romantic involvements, and was often portrayed as a countercultural figure.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Jagger was born and grew up in Dartford, Kent.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ He studied at the London School of Economics before abandoning his academic career to join the Rolling Stones.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Jagger has written most of the Rolling Stones' songs together with Richards, and they continue to collaborate musically.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ In the late 1960s, Jagger began acting in films (starting with \"Performance\" and \"Ned Kelly\"), to a mixed reception.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ He began a solo career in 1985, releasing his first album, \"She's the Boss\", and joined the electric supergroup SuperHeavy in 2009.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Relationships with the Stones' members, particularly Richards, deteriorated during the 1980s, but Jagger has always found more success with the band than with his solo and side projects.", "Mick Taylor __knowledge__ Michael Kevin Taylor (born 17 January 1949) is an English musician, best known as a former member of John Mayall's Bluesbreakers (1966–69) and the Rolling Stones (1969–74).", "Mick Taylor __knowledge__ He has appeared on some of the Stones' classic albums including \"Let It Bleed\", \"Sticky Fingers\" and \"Exile on Main St.\".", "Mick Taylor __knowledge__ Since leaving the Rolling Stones in December 1974, Taylor has worked with numerous other artists and released several solo albums.", "Mick Taylor __knowledge__ From November 2012 onwards he participated in the Stones' 50th-Anniversary shows in London and Newark, and in the band's 50 & Counting World Tour, which included North America, Glastonbury Festival and Hyde Park in 2013.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London, England in 1962.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The first stable line-up consisted of Brian Jones (guitar, harmonica), Mick Jagger (lead vocals), Keith Richards (guitar, backing vocals), Bill Wyman (bass), Charlie Watts (drums), and Ian Stewart (piano).", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued as a touring member until his death in 1985.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Jones left the band less than a month prior to his death in 1969, having already been replaced by Mick Taylor, who remained until 1974.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ After Taylor left the band, Ronnie Wood took his place in 1975 and has been on guitar in tandem with Richards ever since.", "Keith Richards __knowledge__ Keith Richards (born 18 December 1943), sometimes credited as Keith Richard, is an English singer-songwriter, composer, and actor, best known as a guitarist and founder member of the Rolling Stones.", "Keith Richards __knowledge__ \"Rolling Stone\" magazine called Richards \"rock's greatest single body of riffs\" on guitar and ranked him fourth on its list of 100 best guitarists in 2011, and the magazine lists fourteen songs that Richards wrote with the Rolling Stones' lead vocalist Mick Jagger on its \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\".", "Keith Richards __knowledge__ Richards plays both lead and rhythm guitar parts, often in the same song, as the Stones are generally known for their guitar interplay of rhythm and lead (\"weaving\") between Richards and the other guitarist in the band (Brian Jones (1962–1969), Mick Taylor (1969–1975), and Ronnie Wood (1975–present)).", "Brian Jones __knowledge__ Lewis Brian Hopkin Jones (28 February 1942 – 3 July 1969) was an English musician, best known as founder and the original leader of the Rolling Stones.", "Brian Jones __knowledge__ Initially a slide guitarist, Jones would go on to play a wide variety of instruments on Rolling Stones recordings and in concerts, such as rhythm and lead guitar, various keyboard instruments such as piano and organ, marimba, harmonica, sitar, wind instruments such as recorder, saxophone, oboe, and numerous others.", "Brian Jones __knowledge__ Jones and fellow guitarist Keith Richards developed a unique style of guitar play that Richards refers to as the \"ancient art of weaving\" where both players would play both rhythm and lead parts together; Richards would carry the style on with later Stones guitarists and the sound would become a Rolling Stones trademark.", "Life (Keith Richards) __knowledge__ Life is a memoir by the Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards, written with the assistance of journalist James Fox.", "Life (Keith Richards) __knowledge__ Published in October 2010, in hardback, audio and e-book formats, the book chronicles Richards' love of music, charting influences from his mother and maternal grandfather, through his discovery of blues music, the founding of the Rolling Stones, his often turbulent relationship with Mick Jagger, his involvement with drugs, and his relationships with women including Anita Pallenberg and his wife Patti Hansen.", "Life (Keith Richards) __knowledge__ Richards also released \"Vintage Vinos\", a compilation of his work with the X-Pensive Winos, at the same time.", "Rock N Roll Nigger __knowledge__ \"Rock N Roll Nigger\" is a rock song written by Patti Smith and Lenny Kaye, and released on the Patti Smith Group's 1978 album \"Easter\".", "Rock N Roll Nigger __knowledge__ The song has since been covered by several artists, and a remix was included on the soundtrack of the 1994 film \"Natural Born Killers\".", "Rock N Roll Nigger __knowledge__ In the song, Smith self-identifies as a \"nigger,\" meaning a rebellious and honorable outsider.", "Rock N Roll Nigger __knowledge__ Duncombe and Tremblay suggest in \"White Riot\" that Smith is continuing Norman Mailer's tradition of The White Negro, adopting black culture to express things she believes her own culture will not allow, and rejecting the oppression white culture has historically imposed on others." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Sir Michael Philip Jagger, (born 26 July 1943) is an English singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, composer and actor who gained fame as the lead singer and one of the founder members of the Rolling Stones.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Jagger's career has spanned over five decades, and he has been described as \"one of the most popular and influential frontmen in the history of rock & roll\".", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ His distinctive voice and performances, along with Keith Richards' guitar style have been the trademark of the Rolling Stones throughout the band's career.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Jagger gained press notoriety for his admitted drug use and romantic involvements, and was often portrayed as a countercultural figure.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Jagger was born and grew up in Dartford, Kent.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ He studied at the London School of Economics before abandoning his academic career to join the Rolling Stones.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Jagger has written most of the Rolling Stones' songs together with Richards, and they continue to collaborate musically.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ In the late 1960s, Jagger began acting in films (starting with \"Performance\" and \"Ned Kelly\"), to a mixed reception.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ He began a solo career in 1985, releasing his first album, \"She's the Boss\", and joined the electric supergroup SuperHeavy in 2009.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Relationships with the Stones' members, particularly Richards, deteriorated during the 1980s, but Jagger has always found more success with the band than with his solo and side projects.", "Favorite Song __knowledge__ \"Favorite Song\" is a song by American recording artist Colbie Caillat.", "Favorite Song __knowledge__ It was written by Caillat and Ryan Tedder, and produced by Tedder and it features American rapper Common.", "Favorite Song __knowledge__ The song was released as the third single from her third studio album \"All of You\" (2011).", "Favorite Song __knowledge__ it was released on May 8, 2012.", "Favorite Song __knowledge__ Musically, the song is a guitar-driven pop, hip-hop jam, and the lyrics speak about being in love with someone and desiring that the person feels the same.", "Favorite Song __knowledge__ The song is a metaphor for wanting to be the object of someone’s affection.", "Favorite Song __knowledge__ The song received mixed reviews, some critics commended the track for having a \"summer and island vibe\", but some others dismissed Common's appearance and the chorus.", "Ira Cruz __knowledge__ Ira Cara Cruz is a multi-awarded Filipino musician, composer and producer.", "Ira Cruz __knowledge__ He was a founding member of Filipino rock bands Hijo, Bamboo, Introvoys, Passage and Kapatid.", "Ira Cruz __knowledge__ Introvoys was formed in 1986 by 3rd-G Cristobal, Paco Arespacochaga, and Jonathan Buencamino.", "Ira Cruz __knowledge__ Their first album was a \"diamond in the rough\".", "Ira Cruz __knowledge__ After two singles, Dyna Records, which was the band's label, was ready to drop them like a hot potato.", "Ira Cruz __knowledge__ However, fate had a different plan.", "Ira Cruz __knowledge__ \"However Which way\" which was the band's third single shot all the way to No.", "Ira Cruz __knowledge__ 1 in Metro Manila in just 2 weeks.", "Ira Cruz __knowledge__ After a month, the song became the country's No.", "All of You (Colbie Caillat album) __knowledge__ All of You is the third studio album by American singer-songwriter Colbie Caillat.", "All of You (Colbie Caillat album) __knowledge__ The album was scheduled to be released on May 3, 2011, but was pushed back by two months to a July 12, 2011 release in the United States through Universal Republic Records.", "All of You (Colbie Caillat album) __knowledge__ The set, largely produced by Greg Wells, features one guest appearance by rapper/actor Common, who graces \"Favorite Song\", while her songwriting collaborators include Ryan Tedder, Toby Gad, Jason Reeves and Rick Nowels.", "All of You (Colbie Caillat album) __knowledge__ The album's lead-single \"I Do\" was released on February 7, 2011 and has charted at number 23 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and at number 11 on the Adult Pop Songs.", "Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ The Nickelodeon Kids Choice Awards Mexico is an annual awards show that awards entertainers with a blimp trophy, as voted by kids on internet.", "Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ The show is usually held in September and televised days later.", "Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ In June 2010, Viacom gave the rights for Mexico to release their own Kids' Choice Awards.", "Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ The awards ceremony took place on September 4, 2010 at \"El Teatro Chino de Six Flags\" (The Chinese Theater of Six Flags) of the Six Flags Mexico park.", "Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ It was presented by Omar Chaparro and Anahí.", "Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ The show was not televised until October 14, 2010.", "Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ The award show was a low budget production.", "Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ Presented via a 'giant screen' were special messages from the cast of iCarly (Miranda Cosgrove, Jennette McCurdy, Nathan Kress, Jerry Trainor and Noah Munck), and Justin Bieber in acceptance of their wins for the categories of \"Favorite TV Show\" and \"Favorite Song\" respectively.", "Pon de Replay __knowledge__ \"Pon de Replay\" is the debut single recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna, from her debut studio album \"Music of the Sun\" (2005).", "Pon de Replay __knowledge__ It was written and produced by Vada Nobles, Alisha Brooks, Carl Sturken and Evan Rogers.", "Pon de Replay __knowledge__ Her debut single, the song was released on May 24, 2005 as the lead single from the album.", "Pon de Replay __knowledge__ Prior to signing a six album record deal with Def Jam Recordings, \"Pon de Replay\" was one of three songs which was recorded for her demo tape to be sent to record labels.", "Pon de Replay __knowledge__ It is a dance-pop, dancehall and R&B song that features elements of pop and reggae.", "Pon de Replay __knowledge__ The lyrics revolve around Rihanna asking a DJ to turn the volume of her favorite songs up louder.", "Can't Stop the Feeling! __knowledge__ \"Can't Stop the Feeling!\"", "Can't Stop the Feeling! __knowledge__ is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Justin Timberlake for the soundtrack to the film \"Trolls\" (2016), for which he serves as the executive music producer.", "Can't Stop the Feeling! __knowledge__ It was written and produced by Timberlake, Max Martin and Shellback.", "Can't Stop the Feeling! __knowledge__ Musically, it is an uptempo disco-pop, soul-pop number with funk influences.", "Can't Stop the Feeling! __knowledge__ The song was released as a single on May 6, 2016, 6 months before the film was released, and serviced to contemporary hit radio on May 10, 2016.", "Can't Stop the Feeling! __knowledge__ Timberlake gave his first televised performance of \"Can't Stop the Feeling!\"", "Can't Stop the Feeling! __knowledge__ during the interval act of the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 grand final.", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ \"Countdown\" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for her fourth studio album, \"4\" (2011).", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Knowles, Terius Nash, Shea Taylor, Ester Dean, Cainon Lamb, Julie Frost, Michael Bivins, Nathan Morris and Wanya Morris, and produced by Beyoncé, Taylor and Lamb.", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ The song's conception was brought about by Knowles desiring to mix musical styles of the 1990s with the 1970s.", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ It was sent to radio on October 4, 2011 as the fourth single from \"4\".", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ Featuring a sample of \"Uhh Ahh\" by Boyz II Men, \"Countdown\" incorporates aspects of hip hop, funk, reggae and world music.", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ According to the lyrics, the female protagonist delivers a message of monogamy for her lover, celebrating self-worthiness as well as appreciating him.", "List of US Navy ships sunk or damaged in action during World War II __knowledge__ This is a List of US Navy ships sunk or damaged in action during World War II.", "List of US Navy ships sunk or damaged in action during World War II __knowledge__ it also list US Coast Guard losses: USS \"Arizona\" (BB-39) destroyed by Japanese aircraft bombs at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, 7 December 1941, and stricken from the Navy List, 1 December 1942.", "List of US Navy ships sunk or damaged in action during World War II __knowledge__ USS \"Oklahoma\" (BB-37) capsized and sank after being torpedoed by Japanese aircraft at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, 7 December 1941.", "List of US Navy ships sunk or damaged in action during World War II __knowledge__ USS \"Hornet\" (CV-8) sunk after being torpedoed by Japanese aircraft during the Battle of Santa Cruz, Solomon Islands, 26 October 1942.", "List of US Navy ships sunk or damaged in action during World War II __knowledge__ USS \"Lexington\" (CV-2) sunk after being torpedoed by Japanese aircraft during the Battle of the Coral Sea, 8 May 1942.", "French Resistance __knowledge__ The French Resistance () was the collection of French movements that fought against the Nazi German occupation of France and against the collaborationist Vichy régime during the Second World War.", "French Resistance __knowledge__ Resistance cells were small groups of armed men and women (called the Maquis in rural areas), who, in addition to their guerrilla warfare activities, were also publishers of underground newspapers, providers of first-hand intelligence information, and maintainers of escape networks that helped Allied soldiers and airmen trapped behind enemy lines.", "French Resistance __knowledge__ The men and women of the Resistance came from all economic levels and political leanings of French society, including émigrés; academics, students, aristocrats, conservative Roman Catholics (including priests) and also citizens from the ranks of liberals, anarchists and communists.", "RAF Coastal Command during World War II __knowledge__ RAF Coastal Command was a formation within the Royal Air Force (RAF).", "RAF Coastal Command during World War II __knowledge__ Founded in 1936, it was to act as the RAF maritime arm, after the Fleet Air Arm became part of the Royal Navy in 1937.", "RAF Coastal Command during World War II __knowledge__ Naval aviation was neglected in the inter-war period, 1919–1939, and as a consequence the service did not receive the resources it needed to develop properly or efficiently.", "RAF Coastal Command during World War II __knowledge__ This continued until the outbreak of the Second World War, during which it came to prominence.", "RAF Coastal Command during World War II __knowledge__ Owing to the Air Ministry's concentration on RAF Fighter Command and RAF Bomber Command, Coastal Command was often referred to as the \"Cinderella Service\", a phrase first used by the First Lord of the Admiralty at the time A V Alexander.", "Project Y __knowledge__ The Los Alamos Laboratory, also known as Project Y, was a secret laboratory established by the Manhattan Project and operated by the University of California during World War II.", "Project Y __knowledge__ Its mission was to design and build the first atomic bombs.", "Project Y __knowledge__ Robert Oppenheimer was its first director, from 1943 to December 1945, when he was succeeded by Norris Bradbury.", "Project Y __knowledge__ For scientists freely to discuss their work while preserving security, the laboratory was located in a remote part of New Mexico.", "Project Y __knowledge__ The wartime laboratory occupied buildings that had once been part of the Los Alamos Ranch School.", "Project Y __knowledge__ The development effort initially concentrated on a gun-type fission weapon using plutonium called Thin Man.", "List of St Helens R.F.C. players __knowledge__ This is a list of St Helens R.F.C.", "List of St Helens R.F.C. players __knowledge__ players.", "List of St Helens R.F.C. players __knowledge__ Players are listed alphabetically.", "List of St Helens R.F.C. players __knowledge__ Appearances are for first-team competitive matches only.", "List of St Helens R.F.C. players __knowledge__ Andrew Cain 1921 1921 N William Cale 1950 1954 Y David Campbell 1974 1977 Father of Christopher.", "List of St Helens R.F.C. players __knowledge__ Eventually became Grade 1 Senior Referee.", "List of St Helens R.F.C. players __knowledge__ Y John Canning 1979 1981 Y Brian Capewell 1996 1996 N Frank Carlton 1953 1960 Y Carney 1942 1942 N James Carney 1897 1905 N John Carr 1930 1931 N Michael Carrington 1988 1989 Y R Carter 1935 1936 N D Carter 1945 1946 N Peter Case 1944 1944 N George Case 1962 1962 Father of Brian Case, a GB International who was a Saints A Team Coach.", "Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia __knowledge__ The massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia (, literally: \"Volhynian slaughter\"; , \"Volyn tragedy\"), were part of an ethnic cleansing operation carried out in Nazi German-occupied Poland by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA)'s North Command in the regions of Volhynia (Reichskommissariat Ukraine) and their South Command in Eastern Galicia (General Government) beginning in March 1943 and lasting until the end of 1944.", "Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia __knowledge__ The peak of the genocide took place in July and August 1943.", "Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia __knowledge__ Most of the victims were women and children.", "Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia __knowledge__ UPA's methods were particularly savage, and resulted in 35,000–60,000 Polish deaths in Volhynia and 25,000–40,000 in Eastern Galicia, for the total of between 76,000 and 106,000 casualties.", "Manhattan Project __knowledge__ The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons.", "Manhattan Project __knowledge__ It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada.", "Manhattan Project __knowledge__ From 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.", "Manhattan Project __knowledge__ Nuclear physicist Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory that designed the actual bombs.", "Manhattan Project __knowledge__ The Army component of the project was designated the Manhattan District; \"Manhattan\" gradually superseded the official codename, Development of Substitute Materials, for the entire project." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Sir Michael Philip Jagger, (born 26 July 1943) is an English singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, composer and actor who gained fame as the lead singer and one of the founder members of the Rolling Stones.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Jagger's career has spanned over five decades, and he has been described as \"one of the most popular and influential frontmen in the history of rock & roll\".", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ His distinctive voice and performances, along with Keith Richards' guitar style have been the trademark of the Rolling Stones throughout the band's career.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Jagger gained press notoriety for his admitted drug use and romantic involvements, and was often portrayed as a countercultural figure.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Jagger was born and grew up in Dartford, Kent.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ He studied at the London School of Economics before abandoning his academic career to join the Rolling Stones.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Jagger has written most of the Rolling Stones' songs together with Richards, and they continue to collaborate musically.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ In the late 1960s, Jagger began acting in films (starting with \"Performance\" and \"Ned Kelly\"), to a mixed reception.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ He began a solo career in 1985, releasing his first album, \"She's the Boss\", and joined the electric supergroup SuperHeavy in 2009.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Relationships with the Stones' members, particularly Richards, deteriorated during the 1980s, but Jagger has always found more success with the band than with his solo and side projects.", "Edward II of England __knowledge__ Edward II (25 April 1284 – 21 September 1327), also called Edward of Caernarfon, was King of England from 1307 until he was deposed in January 1327.", "Edward II of England __knowledge__ The fourth son of Edward I, Edward became the heir to the throne following the death of his older brother Alphonso.", "Edward II of England __knowledge__ Beginning in 1300, Edward accompanied his father on campaigns to pacify Scotland, and in 1306 he was knighted in a grand ceremony at Westminster Abbey.", "Edward II of England __knowledge__ Edward succeeded to the throne in 1307, following his father's death.", "Edward II of England __knowledge__ In 1308, he married Isabella of France, the daughter of the powerful King Philip IV, as part of a long-running effort to resolve the tensions between the English and French crowns.", "Knight __knowledge__ A knight is a person granted an honorary title of \"knighthood\" by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country, especially in a military capacity.", "Knight __knowledge__ Historically, in Europe, knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors.", "Knight __knowledge__ During the High Middle Ages, knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility.", "Knight __knowledge__ By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior.", "Knight __knowledge__ Often, a knight was a vassal who served as a fighter for a lord, with payment in the form of land holdings.", "Knight __knowledge__ The lords trusted the knights, who were skilled in battle on horseback.", "Sir __knowledge__ Sir is an honorific address used in a number of situations in many anglophone cultures.", "Sir __knowledge__ The term can be used as a formal prefix, especially in the Commonwealth, for males who have been given certain honours or titles (such as knights and baronets), where usage is strictly governed by law and custom.", "Sir __knowledge__ The term is also commonly used as a respectful way to address a man, usually of superior social status or holding a commissioned military rank.", "Sir __knowledge__ Equivalent terms of address to females are 'ma'am' or 'madam' in most cases, or in the case of a young woman, girl, or unmarried woman who prefers to be addressed as such, 'miss'.", "Paston Letters __knowledge__ The Paston Letters are a collection of correspondences between members of the Paston family of Norfolk gentry and others connected with them in England between the years 1422 and 1509.", "Paston Letters __knowledge__ The collection also includes state papers and other important documents.", "Paston Letters __knowledge__ The large collection of letters and papers was acquired in 1735 from the executors of the estate of William Paston, 2nd Earl of Yarmouth, the last in the Paston line, by the antiquary Francis Blomefield.", "Paston Letters __knowledge__ On Blomefield's death in 1752 they came into the possession of Thomas Martin of Palgrave, Suffolk.", "Paston Letters __knowledge__ On his death in 1771 some letters passed into the hands of John Ives, while many others were purchased by John Worth, a chemist at Diss, whose executors sold them in 1774 to Sir John Fenn of East Dereham.", "Len Hutton __knowledge__ Sir Leonard Hutton (23 June 1916 – 6 September 1990) was an English cricketer who played as an opening batsman for Yorkshire from 1934 to 1955 and for England in 79 Test matches between 1937 and 1955.", "Len Hutton __knowledge__ \"Wisden Cricketers' Almanack\" described him as one of the greatest batsmen in the history of cricket.", "Len Hutton __knowledge__ He set a record in 1938 for the highest individual innings in a Test match in only his sixth Test appearance, scoring 364 runs against Australia, a milestone that stood for nearly 20 years (and remains an England Test record).", "Len Hutton __knowledge__ In 1952, he became the first professional cricketer of the 20th Century to captain England in Tests; under his captaincy England won the Ashes the following year for the first time in 19 years.", "Capture of Berwick (1482) __knowledge__ Berwick upon Tweed and its castle were captured by the English in 1482 during the Anglo-Scottish Wars.", "Capture of Berwick (1482) __knowledge__ By the Treaty of Fotheringhay, 11 June 1482, Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany, the brother of James III of Scotland declared himself King of Scotland and swore loyalty to Edward IV of England.", "Capture of Berwick (1482) __knowledge__ The follow-up invasion of Scotland under the command of Edward's brother, Richard, Duke of Gloucester failed to install Albany on the throne, but the border town of Berwick upon Tweed has remained English ever since the castle surrendered on 24 August 1482.", "Capture of Berwick (1482) __knowledge__ The English army left Edinburgh with a promise for the repayment of the dowry paid for the marriage of Princess Cecily of England to the Scottish Prince.", "Order of the Holy Sepulchre __knowledge__ The Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem (, OESSH), also called Order of the Holy Sepulchre or Knights of the Holy Sepulchre, is a Roman Catholic order of knighthood under the protection of the Holy See.", "Order of the Holy Sepulchre __knowledge__ The pope is sovereign of the order.", "Order of the Holy Sepulchre __knowledge__ Founded as \"Milites Sancti Sepulcri\" attached to the Augustinian \"Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre\" in Jerusalem, recognised in 1113 by Papal bull of Pope Paschal II and of Pope Calistus II in 1122.", "Order of the Holy Sepulchre __knowledge__ It traces its roots to circa 1099 under the Frankish Duke Godfrey of Bouillon, \"Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri\", \"Defender of the Holy Sepulchre\", one of the leaders of the First Crusade and first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London, England in 1962.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The first stable line-up consisted of Brian Jones (guitar, harmonica), Mick Jagger (lead vocals), Keith Richards (guitar, backing vocals), Bill Wyman (bass), Charlie Watts (drums), and Ian Stewart (piano).", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued as a touring member until his death in 1985.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Jones left the band less than a month prior to his death in 1969, having already been replaced by Mick Taylor, who remained until 1974.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ After Taylor left the band, Ronnie Wood took his place in 1975 and has been on guitar in tandem with Richards ever since.", "Keith Richards __knowledge__ Keith Richards (born 18 December 1943), sometimes credited as Keith Richard, is an English singer-songwriter, composer, and actor, best known as a guitarist and founder member of the Rolling Stones.", "Keith Richards __knowledge__ \"Rolling Stone\" magazine called Richards \"rock's greatest single body of riffs\" on guitar and ranked him fourth on its list of 100 best guitarists in 2011, and the magazine lists fourteen songs that Richards wrote with the Rolling Stones' lead vocalist Mick Jagger on its \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\".", "Keith Richards __knowledge__ Richards plays both lead and rhythm guitar parts, often in the same song, as the Stones are generally known for their guitar interplay of rhythm and lead (\"weaving\") between Richards and the other guitarist in the band (Brian Jones (1962–1969), Mick Taylor (1969–1975), and Ronnie Wood (1975–present)).", "Brian Jones __knowledge__ Lewis Brian Hopkin Jones (28 February 1942 – 3 July 1969) was an English musician, best known as founder and the original leader of the Rolling Stones.", "Brian Jones __knowledge__ Initially a slide guitarist, Jones would go on to play a wide variety of instruments on Rolling Stones recordings and in concerts, such as rhythm and lead guitar, various keyboard instruments such as piano and organ, marimba, harmonica, sitar, wind instruments such as recorder, saxophone, oboe, and numerous others.", "Brian Jones __knowledge__ Jones and fellow guitarist Keith Richards developed a unique style of guitar play that Richards refers to as the \"ancient art of weaving\" where both players would play both rhythm and lead parts together; Richards would carry the style on with later Stones guitarists and the sound would become a Rolling Stones trademark.", "Mick Taylor __knowledge__ Michael Kevin Taylor (born 17 January 1949) is an English musician, best known as a former member of John Mayall's Bluesbreakers (1966–69) and the Rolling Stones (1969–74).", "Mick Taylor __knowledge__ He has appeared on some of the Stones' classic albums including \"Let It Bleed\", \"Sticky Fingers\" and \"Exile on Main St.\".", "Mick Taylor __knowledge__ Since leaving the Rolling Stones in December 1974, Taylor has worked with numerous other artists and released several solo albums.", "Mick Taylor __knowledge__ From November 2012 onwards he participated in the Stones' 50th-Anniversary shows in London and Newark, and in the band's 50 & Counting World Tour, which included North America, Glastonbury Festival and Hyde Park in 2013.", "Exile on Main St. __knowledge__ Exile on Main St. is a double album by English rock band the Rolling Stones, released on 12 May 1972 on LP by Rolling Stones Records.", "Exile on Main St. __knowledge__ It was the band's first double album and tenth studio album released in the United Kingdom.", "Exile on Main St. __knowledge__ It was primarily recorded in a rented villa in Nellcôte, France while the band lived abroad as tax exiles, and is rooted in styles such as blues, rock and roll, swing, country, and gospel.", "Exile on Main St. __knowledge__ The sessions included additional musicians such as pianist Nicky Hopkins, saxophonist Bobby Keys, drummer Jimmy Miller, and horn player Jim Price, and were completed at Los Angeles's Sunset Sound.", "Life (Keith Richards) __knowledge__ Life is a memoir by the Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards, written with the assistance of journalist James Fox.", "Life (Keith Richards) __knowledge__ Published in October 2010, in hardback, audio and e-book formats, the book chronicles Richards' love of music, charting influences from his mother and maternal grandfather, through his discovery of blues music, the founding of the Rolling Stones, his often turbulent relationship with Mick Jagger, his involvement with drugs, and his relationships with women including Anita Pallenberg and his wife Patti Hansen.", "Life (Keith Richards) __knowledge__ Richards also released \"Vintage Vinos\", a compilation of his work with the X-Pensive Winos, at the same time." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Sir Michael Philip Jagger, (born 26 July 1943) is an English singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, composer and actor who gained fame as the lead singer and one of the founder members of the Rolling Stones.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Jagger's career has spanned over five decades, and he has been described as \"one of the most popular and influential frontmen in the history of rock & roll\".", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ His distinctive voice and performances, along with Keith Richards' guitar style have been the trademark of the Rolling Stones throughout the band's career.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Jagger gained press notoriety for his admitted drug use and romantic involvements, and was often portrayed as a countercultural figure.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Jagger was born and grew up in Dartford, Kent.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ He studied at the London School of Economics before abandoning his academic career to join the Rolling Stones.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Jagger has written most of the Rolling Stones' songs together with Richards, and they continue to collaborate musically.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ In the late 1960s, Jagger began acting in films (starting with \"Performance\" and \"Ned Kelly\"), to a mixed reception.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ He began a solo career in 1985, releasing his first album, \"She's the Boss\", and joined the electric supergroup SuperHeavy in 2009.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Relationships with the Stones' members, particularly Richards, deteriorated during the 1980s, but Jagger has always found more success with the band than with his solo and side projects.", "Zenobia __knowledge__ Septimia Zenobia (Palmyrene: (Btzby), pronounced Bat-Zabbai; AD 240–c.274) was a third-century queen of the Syria-based Palmyrene Empire.", "Zenobia __knowledge__ Many legends surround her ancestry; she was born to a noble Palmyrene family and married the ruler of the city, Odaenathus.", "Zenobia __knowledge__ Her husband became king in 260, elevating Palmyra to supreme power in the Near East by defeating the Sassanians and stabilizing the Roman East.", "Zenobia __knowledge__ After Odaenathus' assassination, Zenobia became the regent of her son Vaballathus and held \"de facto\" power throughout his reign.", "Zenobia __knowledge__ In 270, Zenobia launched an invasion which brought most of the Roman East under her sway and culminated with the annexation of Egypt.", "Affair of the Diamond Necklace __knowledge__ The Affair of the Diamond Necklace was an incident in 1785 at the court of King Louis XVI of France involving his wife, Queen Marie Antoinette.", "Affair of the Diamond Necklace __knowledge__ The reputation of the Queen, already tarnished by gossip, was ruined by the implication that she participated in a crime to defraud the crown jewelers of the cost of a very expensive diamond necklace.", "Affair of the Diamond Necklace __knowledge__ The Affair is historically significant as one of the events that led to the French populace's disillusionment with the monarchy, which, among other causes, eventually precipitated the French Revolution.", "Affair of the Diamond Necklace __knowledge__ In 1772, Louis XV of France decided to make Madame du Barry, with whom he was infatuated, a special gift at the estimated cost of 2,000,000 livres (approximately $14 million in 2015 USD).", "Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii __knowledge__ The overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii began on January 17, 1893, with a \"coup d'état\" against Queen Liliuokalani on the island of Oahu by foreign residents residing in Honolulu, mostly United States citizens, and subjects of the Kingdom of Hawaii.", "Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii __knowledge__ They prevailed upon American minister John L. Stevens to call in the U.S. Marines to protect American interests, an action that effectively buttressed the rebellion.", "Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii __knowledge__ The revolutionaries established the Republic of Hawaii, but their ultimate goal was the annexation of the islands to the United States, which finally occurred in 1898.", "Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii __knowledge__ The Kamehameha Dynasty was the reigning monarchy of the Kingdom of Hawaii, beginning with its founding by Kamehameha I in 1795, until the death of Kamehameha V in 1872 and Lunalilo in 1874.", "Ladislaus the Posthumous __knowledge__ Ladislaus the Posthumous, known also as Ladislas (; , 22 February 144023 November 1457) (in Hungarian: V. László), was Duke of Austria, and King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia.", "Ladislaus the Posthumous __knowledge__ He was the posthumous son of Albert of Habsburg with Elizabeth of Luxembourg.", "Ladislaus the Posthumous __knowledge__ Albert had bequeathed all his realms to his future son on his deathbed, but only the Estates of Austria accepted his last will.", "Ladislaus the Posthumous __knowledge__ Fearing an Ottoman invasion, the majority of the Hungarian lords and prelates offered the crown to Vladislaus III of Poland.", "Ladislaus the Posthumous __knowledge__ The Hussite noblemen and towns of Bohemia did not acknowledge the hereditary right of Albert's descendants to the throne, but also did not elect a new king.", "History of St. Bees School __knowledge__ The History of St.", "History of St. Bees School __knowledge__ Bees School encompasses more than four hundred years of British history.", "History of St. Bees School __knowledge__ It was founded in 1583 as a Free Grammar School by the dying Archbishop of Canterbury, Edmund Grindal, who refused to resign his position until Elizabeth I agreed to sign the school into existence.", "History of St. Bees School __knowledge__ After extremely modest beginnings, the school gradually expanded over the years despite its remote location in St.", "History of St. Bees School __knowledge__ Bees, the most westerly point of Northern England.", "History of St. Bees School __knowledge__ Despite the best attempts of Grindal to give the school a secure financial grounding, the finances have always been characterised by \"boom and bust\" peaks - for many years the school effectively ran on mining royalties and after these dried up the school had to be rescued from closure by a syndicate of its former pupils.", "Constance of Portugal __knowledge__ Infanta Constance of Portugal (pt: \"Constança\"; 3 January 1290 – Sahagún, 18 November 1313; ; English: Constance), was a Portuguese \"infanta\" (princess) by birth and Queen consort of Castile by marriage.", "Constance of Portugal __knowledge__ She was the eldest child and only daughter of King Denis of Portugal and his wife Elizabeth of Aragon, later Saint.", "Constance of Portugal __knowledge__ The treaty signed between King Sancho IV of Castile and Denis of Portugal in September 1291, established the betrothal between the eldest son and heir of Sancho IV, Ferdinand (aged 5), with the daughter of the Portuguese King, Constance (aged 20 months).", "Constance of Portugal __knowledge__ Finished with the Valladolid Courts of 1295, María de Molina, Dowager Queen and Regent of the Kingdom of Castile, in the name of her son Ferdinand IV and Henry of Castile the Senator, co-regent of the Kingdom, had a meeting with King Denis of Portugal in Ciudad Rodrigo, where the Queen-Regent surrounded several strongholds in order to end the hostilities between both Kingdoms; in addition, the betrothal between Ferdinand IV and Constance was confirmed, and also the future marriage between Ferdinand IV's sister Beatrice with Constance's brother and heir of the Portuguese throne, Afonso was arranged.", "Louis XVIII of France __knowledge__ Louis XVIII (Louis Stanislas Xavier; 17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824), known as \"The Desired\" (le Désiré), was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1814 to 1824, except for a period in 1815 known as the Hundred Days.", "Louis XVIII of France __knowledge__ He spent twenty-three years in exile, from 1791 to 1814, during the French Revolution and the First French Empire, and again in 1815, during the period of the Hundred Days, upon the return of Napoleon I from Elba.", "Louis XVIII of France __knowledge__ Until his accession to the throne of France, he held the title of Count of Provence as brother of King Louis XVI.", "Louis XVIII of France __knowledge__ On 21 September 1792, the National Convention abolished the monarchy and deposed Louis XVI, who was later executed by guillotine.", "Anthony Branker __knowledge__ Anthony Branker (born August 28, 1958) is an American musician and educator of Caribbean descent whose work as a composer, educator, scholar, conductor, and performer has been featured on the international stage in Brazil, Switzerland, Poland, Finland, Italy, Estonia, Denmark, Greece, China, Australia, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Canada, Russia, Lithuania, and Japan as well as throughout the United States.", "Anthony Branker __knowledge__ Branker was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey and raised in Piscataway and Plainfield, New Jersey.", "Anthony Branker __knowledge__ He attended public schools in Piscataway and graduated from Piscataway High School where he was involved in the music program under the direction of R. Bruce Bradshaw and Joseph T. Mundi.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London, England in 1962.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The first stable line-up consisted of Brian Jones (guitar, harmonica), Mick Jagger (lead vocals), Keith Richards (guitar, backing vocals), Bill Wyman (bass), Charlie Watts (drums), and Ian Stewart (piano).", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued as a touring member until his death in 1985.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Jones left the band less than a month prior to his death in 1969, having already been replaced by Mick Taylor, who remained until 1974.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ After Taylor left the band, Ronnie Wood took his place in 1975 and has been on guitar in tandem with Richards ever since.", "Death of Jean Charles de Menezes __knowledge__ Jean Charles da Silva e de Menezes (pronounced in Brazilian Portuguese; 7 January 1978 – 22 July 2005) was a Brazilian man killed by officers of the London Metropolitan Police Service at Stockwell Station on the London Underground after he was wrongly deemed to be one of the fugitives involved in the previous day's failed bombing attempts.", "Death of Jean Charles de Menezes __knowledge__ These events took place two weeks after the London bombings of 7 July 2005, in which 52 people were killed.", "Death of Jean Charles de Menezes __knowledge__ The Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) launched two investigations.", "Death of Jean Charles de Menezes __knowledge__ Stockwell 1, the findings of which were initially kept secret, concluded that none of the officers would face disciplinary charges.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ \"General Hospital\" is the longest running American television serial drama, airing on ABC.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ Created by Frank and Doris Hursley, who originally set it in a general hospital (hence the title), in an unnamed fictional city.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ In the 1970s, the city was named Port Charles, New York.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ The series premiered on April 1, 1963.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ This is a list of notable characters who significantly impacted storylines and began their run, or significantly returned, from the years 1990 to 1999.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ Brook Lynn Ashton is a fictional character on the ABC soap opera \"General Hospital\".", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ On the series, she is the daughter of Ned Ashton and Lois Cerullo, and was named after her mother's hometown of Brooklyn.", "Moves like Jagger __knowledge__ \"Moves like Jagger\" is a song by American band Maroon 5 featuring singer Christina Aguilera.", "Moves like Jagger __knowledge__ It was released by A&M Octone Records on June 21, 2011, as the fourth and final single from the re-release of the group's third studio album \"Hands All Over\" (2010).", "Moves like Jagger __knowledge__ The song was written by Adam Levine, Ammar Malik, Benjamin Levin, and Shellback; the latter two are also the producers.", "Moves like Jagger __knowledge__ \"Moves like Jagger\" is a dance-pop and electropop song and is backed by synths and electronic drums.", "Moves like Jagger __knowledge__ The lyrics refer to a male's ability to impress a love interest with his dance moves, which he compares to those of Mick Jagger, lead singer of The Rolling Stones.", "University of Birmingham __knowledge__ The University of Birmingham (informally Birmingham University) is a public research university located in Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.", "University of Birmingham __knowledge__ It received its royal charter in 1900 as a successor to Queen's College, Birmingham (founded in 1828 as the Birmingham School of Medicine and Surgery) and Mason Science College (established in 1875 by Sir Josiah Mason), making it the first English civic or 'red brick' university to receive its own royal charter.", "University of Birmingham __knowledge__ It is a founding member of both the Russell Group of British research universities and the international network of research universities, Universitas 21." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 1, 4 ]

[ "me too, he was born in 1943", "him and Keith Richards made the Rolling Stones ", "Yes, he is Sir Michael Philip Jagger", "Probably because of the notoriety surrounding his drug use and romantic involvements" ]

[ "Mick Jagger", "Mick Jagger", "Mick Jagger", "Mick Jagger" ]

[ "Electric violin", "Is it like a regular violin with pickups added?", "Oh, like a solid body electric guitar. Do you play jazz?", "I never heard of Stuff Smith. What kind of stuff did he do? I'm guessing that's a man." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Electric violin __knowledge__ An electric violin is a violin equipped with an electronic output of its sound.", "Electric violin __knowledge__ The term most properly refers to an instrument intentionally made to be electrified with built-in pickups, usually with a solid body.", "Electric violin __knowledge__ It can also refer to a violin fitted with an electric pickup of some type, although \"amplified violin\" or \"electro-acoustic violin\" are more accurate in that case.", "Electric violin __knowledge__ Electrically amplified violins have been used in one form or another since the 1920s; jazz and blues artist Stuff Smith is generally credited as being one of the first performers to adapt pickups and amplifiers to violins.", "Electric violin __knowledge__ The Electro Stringed Instrument Corporation, National String Instrument Corporation and Vega Company sold electric violins in the 1930s and 1940s; Fender produced a very small number of electric violins in 1958 (first production model pictured at the head of this page), and resissued it again in 1969 until 1975.", "Electric violin __knowledge__ Barcus Berry have been producing electric violins since the mid-1960s and in the early 1970s Max Mathews began developing an electric violin which reached completion in 1984 During the 1980s more companies were formed producing their own brand of electric violin, such as RAAD or The Amazing Electric Violin and ZETA." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Electric violin __knowledge__ An electric violin is a violin equipped with an electronic output of its sound.", "Electric violin __knowledge__ The term most properly refers to an instrument intentionally made to be electrified with built-in pickups, usually with a solid body.", "Electric violin __knowledge__ It can also refer to a violin fitted with an electric pickup of some type, although \"amplified violin\" or \"electro-acoustic violin\" are more accurate in that case.", "Electric violin __knowledge__ Electrically amplified violins have been used in one form or another since the 1920s; jazz and blues artist Stuff Smith is generally credited as being one of the first performers to adapt pickups and amplifiers to violins.", "Electric violin __knowledge__ The Electro Stringed Instrument Corporation, National String Instrument Corporation and Vega Company sold electric violins in the 1930s and 1940s; Fender produced a very small number of electric violins in 1958 (first production model pictured at the head of this page), and resissued it again in 1969 until 1975.", "Electric violin __knowledge__ Barcus Berry have been producing electric violins since the mid-1960s and in the early 1970s Max Mathews began developing an electric violin which reached completion in 1984 During the 1980s more companies were formed producing their own brand of electric violin, such as RAAD or The Amazing Electric Violin and ZETA.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar (also known as electric bass, or bass) is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to an electric guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length, and four to six strings or courses.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The four-string bass, by far the most common, is usually tuned the same as the double bass, which corresponds to pitches one octave lower than the four lowest pitched strings of a guitar (E, A, D, and G).", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is a transposing instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ An electric guitar is a guitar that uses one or more pickups to convert the vibration of its strings into electrical signals.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The vibration occurs when a guitarist strums, plucks, fingerpicks, or taps the strings.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The pickup used to sense the vibration generally uses electromagnetic induction to do so, though other technologies exist.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ In any case, the signal generated by an electric guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker, so it is sent to a guitar amplifier before being sent to the speaker, which converts it into audible sound.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ Since the output of an electric guitar is an electric signal, it can be electronically altered by to change the timbre of the sound.", "Pickup (music technology) __knowledge__ A pickup device is a transducer (specifically a variable reluctance sensor) that captures or senses mechanical vibrations produced by musical instruments, particularly stringed instruments such as the electric guitar, electric bass guitar, Chapman Stick, or electric violin, and converts them to an electrical signal that is amplified using an instrument amplifier (such as a guitar amplifier) to produce musical sounds through a loudspeaker in a speaker enclosure.", "Pickup (music technology) __knowledge__ The signal from a pickup can also be recorded directly, using a DI box (a common practice with the electric bass) or broadcast on the radio or television.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a fretted musical instrument that usually has six strings.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The sound is projected either acoustically, using a hollow wooden or plastic and wood box (for an acoustic guitar), or through electrical amplifier and a speaker (for an electric guitar).", "Guitar __knowledge__ It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb or fingernails of the right hand or with a pick while fretting (or pressing against the frets) the strings with the fingers of the left hand.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass, or simply the bass (and numerous other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra.", "Double bass __knowledge__ It is a transposing instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than tuned to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass is the only modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths (like a viol), rather than fifths, with strings usually tuned to E, A, D and G. The instrument's exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, with scholars divided on whether the bass is derived from the viol or the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ Most violins have a hollow wooden body.", "Violin __knowledge__ It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use.", "Violin __knowledge__ Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and by striking the strings with the wooden side of the bow (col legno).", "Jazz violin __knowledge__ Jazz violin is the use of the violin or electric violin to improvise solo lines.", "Jazz violin __knowledge__ The earliest references to jazz performance using the violin as a solo instrument was during the first decades of the 20th century.", "Jazz violin __knowledge__ Early jazz violinists included Eddie South, who played violin with Jimmy Wade's Dixielanders in Chicago; Stuff Smith; Claude \"Fiddler\" Williams, who played with Andy Kirk and his Twelve Clouds of Joy.", "Jazz violin __knowledge__ Joe Venuti was best known for his work with guitarist Eddie Lang during the 1920s.", "Jazz violin __knowledge__ Georgie Stoll was a jazz violinist who became an orchestra leader and film music director.", "Jazz violin __knowledge__ Since that time there have been many superb improvising violinists including Noel Pointer, Stéphane Grappelli and Jean-Luc Ponty.", "Ed Alleyne-Johnson __knowledge__ Ed Alleyne-Johnson is a British electric violinist and prolific busker.", "Ed Alleyne-Johnson __knowledge__ He has been busking since he was a Fine Art student at Oxford University in the early 1980s.", "Ed Alleyne-Johnson __knowledge__ He uses an electric violin he carved with a kitchen knife, a custom pedalboard and an amplifier he modified to run from rechargeable batteries.", "Ed Alleyne-Johnson __knowledge__ This setup has enabled him to perform on the street in almost every major city in Europe, and across the United States and Canada.", "Ed Alleyne-Johnson __knowledge__ He was a member of the English post-punk/alternative rock band New Model Army recording and touring with them for five years, with several concerts in Germany in over 200 concerts worldwide, supporting acts such as Simple Minds, Bob Dylan, David Bowie, The Cure, Midnight Oil and Faith No More.", "History of the violin __knowledge__ The violin, viola, and cello were first made in the early 16th century, in Italy.", "History of the violin __knowledge__ The earliest evidence for their existence is in paintings by Gaudenzio Ferrari from the 1530s, though Ferrari's instruments had only three strings.", "History of the violin __knowledge__ The \"Academie musicale\", a treatise written in 1556 by Philibert Jambe de Fer, gives a clear description of the violin family much as we know it today.", "History of the violin __knowledge__ Violins are likely to have been developed from a number of other string instruments of the 15th and 16th centuries, including the vielle, rebec, and lira da braccio.", "History of the violin __knowledge__ The history of bowed string instruments in Europe goes back to the 9th century with the Byzantine \"lira\" (or \"lūrā\", \"Greek: λύρα\").", "Ysanne Spevack __knowledge__ Ysanne Spevack (born 24 June 1972) is a British composer, conductor and arranger who plays violin, viola and cello, and assorted multi-instruments including mbira, keyboards and guitar.", "Ysanne Spevack __knowledge__ best known for her work recording and touring with the Smashing Pumpkins , David J , Michael Stipe, Tiesto , Elton John, Christina Perri, Hawkwind, Psychic TV, and Asian Dub Foundation She has a prominent second career as a food writer.", "Ysanne Spevack __knowledge__ Her thirteen books about food have been published by HarperCollins and other book publishers internationally, and have led to her writing about food for the Los Angeles Times and other leading outlets internationally.", "Davide Rossi __knowledge__ Davide Rossi (born 7 August 1970) is a violinist, string arranger, composer, conductor and a record producer, perhaps best known for having been the violinist, guitar and keytar-player for the British electronic music duo Goldfrapp from 2000 until 2013, and for his large contribution of electric violin parts and for all the string arrangements on all Coldplay's albums since \"Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends\", and The Verve's album \"Forth\".", "Davide Rossi __knowledge__ Rossi began playing music at the age of four and, encouraged by his mother, started to study violin at the age of ten.", "Davide Rossi __knowledge__ He entered the Conservatory Giuseppe Verdi of Torino in 1981 and began studying under the guidance of Maestro Ivan Krivensky, who remains his violin teacher to this day." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Electric violin __knowledge__ An electric violin is a violin equipped with an electronic output of its sound.", "Electric violin __knowledge__ The term most properly refers to an instrument intentionally made to be electrified with built-in pickups, usually with a solid body.", "Electric violin __knowledge__ It can also refer to a violin fitted with an electric pickup of some type, although \"amplified violin\" or \"electro-acoustic violin\" are more accurate in that case.", "Electric violin __knowledge__ Electrically amplified violins have been used in one form or another since the 1920s; jazz and blues artist Stuff Smith is generally credited as being one of the first performers to adapt pickups and amplifiers to violins.", "Electric violin __knowledge__ The Electro Stringed Instrument Corporation, National String Instrument Corporation and Vega Company sold electric violins in the 1930s and 1940s; Fender produced a very small number of electric violins in 1958 (first production model pictured at the head of this page), and resissued it again in 1969 until 1975.", "Electric violin __knowledge__ Barcus Berry have been producing electric violins since the mid-1960s and in the early 1970s Max Mathews began developing an electric violin which reached completion in 1984 During the 1980s more companies were formed producing their own brand of electric violin, such as RAAD or The Amazing Electric Violin and ZETA.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ An electric guitar is a guitar that uses one or more pickups to convert the vibration of its strings into electrical signals.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The vibration occurs when a guitarist strums, plucks, fingerpicks, or taps the strings.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The pickup used to sense the vibration generally uses electromagnetic induction to do so, though other technologies exist.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ In any case, the signal generated by an electric guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker, so it is sent to a guitar amplifier before being sent to the speaker, which converts it into audible sound.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ Since the output of an electric guitar is an electric signal, it can be electronically altered by to change the timbre of the sound.", "Solid body __knowledge__ A solid-body musical instrument is a string instrument such as a guitar, bass or violin built without its normal sound box and relying on an electric pickup system to directly receive the vibrations of the strings.", "Solid body __knowledge__ Solid-body instruments are preferred in situations where acoustic feedback may otherwise be a problem and are inherently both less expensive to build and more rugged than acoustic electric instruments.", "Solid body __knowledge__ The most well-known solid body instruments are the electric guitar and electric bass.", "Solid body __knowledge__ These were instrumental in creating new genres of music such as rock and heavy metal.", "Solid body __knowledge__ Common woods used in the construction of solid body instruments are ash, alder, maple, mahogany, korina, spruce, rosewood, and ebony.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a fretted musical instrument that usually has six strings.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The sound is projected either acoustically, using a hollow wooden or plastic and wood box (for an acoustic guitar), or through electrical amplifier and a speaker (for an electric guitar).", "Guitar __knowledge__ It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb or fingernails of the right hand or with a pick while fretting (or pressing against the frets) the strings with the fingers of the left hand.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning.", "Semi-acoustic guitar __knowledge__ A semi-acoustic guitar or hollow-body electric is a type of electric guitar that originates from the 1930s.", "Semi-acoustic guitar __knowledge__ It has both a sound box and one or more electric pickups.", "Semi-acoustic guitar __knowledge__ This is not the same as an acoustic-electric guitar, which is an acoustic guitar with the addition of pickups or other means of amplification, added by either the manufacturer or the player.", "Semi-acoustic guitar __knowledge__ In the 1930s guitar players and manufacturers were attempting to increase the overall volume of the guitar, which had a hard time competing in loudness with other instruments—especially in large orchestras and jazz bands.", "Semi-acoustic guitar __knowledge__ This led makers to try a series of designs that focused on amplifying a guitar electrically through a loudspeaker.", "Fender Telecaster __knowledge__ The Fender Telecaster, colloquially known as the Tele , is the world's first commercially successful solid-body electric guitar.", "Fender Telecaster __knowledge__ Its simple yet effective design and revolutionary sound broke ground and set trends in electric guitar manufacturing and popular music.", "Fender Telecaster __knowledge__ Introduced for national distribution as the Broadcaster in the autumn of 1950, it was the first guitar of its kind manufactured on a substantial scale and has been in continuous production in one form or another since its first incarnation.", "Fender Telecaster __knowledge__ The Fender Telecaster was developed by Leo Fender in Fullerton, California in 1950.", "Fender Telecaster __knowledge__ In the period roughly between 1932 and 1949, several craftsmen and companies experimented with solid-body electric guitars, but none had made a significant impact on the market.", "Les Paul __knowledge__ Lester William Polsfuss (June 9, 1915 – August 12, 2009), known as Les Paul, was an American jazz, country, and blues guitarist, songwriter, luthier, and inventor.", "Les Paul __knowledge__ He was one of the pioneers of the solid-body electric guitar.", "Les Paul __knowledge__ Paul taught himself how to play guitar, and while he is mainly known for jazz and popular music, he had an early career in country music.", "Les Paul __knowledge__ He is credited with many recording innovations.", "Les Paul __knowledge__ Although he was not the first to use the technique, his early experiments with overdubbing (also known as sound on sound), delay effects such as tape delay, phasing effects and multitrack recording were among the first to attract widespread attention.", "Electric guitar design __knowledge__ Electric guitar design is a type of industrial design where the looks and efficiency of the shape as well as the acoustical aspects of the guitar are important factors.", "Electric guitar design __knowledge__ In the past many guitars have been designed with all kinds of odd shapes as well as very practical and convenient solutions to improve the usability of the object.", "Electric guitar design __knowledge__ George Beauchamp invented the electric guitar by designing a lap steel guitar with a pickup.", "Electric guitar design __knowledge__ The first electrified fretted guitars were hollow-bodied archtop acoustic guitars to which some form of electromagnetic transducer had been attached.", "Electric guitar design __knowledge__ Electric guitars were originally designed by an assortment of luthiers, electronics enthusiasts, and instrument manufacturers, in varying combinations.", "Pickup (music technology) __knowledge__ A pickup device is a transducer (specifically a variable reluctance sensor) that captures or senses mechanical vibrations produced by musical instruments, particularly stringed instruments such as the electric guitar, electric bass guitar, Chapman Stick, or electric violin, and converts them to an electrical signal that is amplified using an instrument amplifier (such as a guitar amplifier) to produce musical sounds through a loudspeaker in a speaker enclosure.", "Pickup (music technology) __knowledge__ The signal from a pickup can also be recorded directly, using a DI box (a common practice with the electric bass) or broadcast on the radio or television.", "John Birch (luthier) __knowledge__ John Birch (1922 – November 6, 2000) was an English luthier mainly known for his electric guitars.", "John Birch (luthier) __knowledge__ His customers included Tony Iommi and Geezer Butler of Black Sabbath, Brian May of Queen, Manny Charlton of Nazareth, Dave Hill and Jim Lea of Slade, Gerry Shephard of The Glitter Band, and Roy Orbison.", "John Birch (luthier) __knowledge__ John Birch was born in West Bridgford, Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom in 1922.", "John Birch (luthier) __knowledge__ He became involved in guitar building as a Royal Air Force officer based in the South Pacific Islands in World War II.", "John Birch (luthier) __knowledge__ Returning to England at the end of the war his interest musically was in collecting Hawaiian Records.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar (also known as electric bass, or bass) is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to an electric guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length, and four to six strings or courses.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The four-string bass, by far the most common, is usually tuned the same as the double bass, which corresponds to pitches one octave lower than the four lowest pitched strings of a guitar (E, A, D, and G).", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is a transposing instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds.", "Chevrolet C/K __knowledge__ The C/K was Chevrolet and GMC's full -size pickup truck line from 1960 until 2000 in the United States, from 1965 to 2000 in Canada, from 1964 to 2001 in Brazil, and from 1975 to 1982 in Chile.", "Chevrolet C/K __knowledge__ The first Chevrolet pickup truck was introduced in 1924, though in-house designs did not appear until 1930.", "Chevrolet C/K __knowledge__ \"C\" indicated two-wheel drive and \"K\" indicated four-wheel drive.", "Chevrolet C/K __knowledge__ The aging C/K light-duty pickup truck was replaced with the Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra names in 1999 in the United States and Canada, and 2001 in Brazil; the Chevrolet Silverado HD and GMC Sierra HD heavy-duty pickup trucks followed.", "Rickenbacker __knowledge__ Rickenbacker International Corporation, also known as Rickenbacker, is an electric string instrument manufacturer based in Santa Ana, California.", "Rickenbacker __knowledge__ In 1932, the company became the world's first to produce electric guitars and eventually produced a range of electric guitars and bass guitars.", "Rickenbacker __knowledge__ The company was founded in 1931 as the Ro-Pat-In Corporation (ElectRo-Patent-Instruments) by Adolph Rickenbacher and George Beauchamp in order to sell electric Hawaiian guitars.", "Rickenbacker __knowledge__ These instruments had been designed by Beauchamp, assisted at the National String Instrument Corporation by Paul Barth and Harry Watson." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Electric violin __knowledge__ An electric violin is a violin equipped with an electronic output of its sound.", "Electric violin __knowledge__ The term most properly refers to an instrument intentionally made to be electrified with built-in pickups, usually with a solid body.", "Electric violin __knowledge__ It can also refer to a violin fitted with an electric pickup of some type, although \"amplified violin\" or \"electro-acoustic violin\" are more accurate in that case.", "Electric violin __knowledge__ Electrically amplified violins have been used in one form or another since the 1920s; jazz and blues artist Stuff Smith is generally credited as being one of the first performers to adapt pickups and amplifiers to violins.", "Electric violin __knowledge__ The Electro Stringed Instrument Corporation, National String Instrument Corporation and Vega Company sold electric violins in the 1930s and 1940s; Fender produced a very small number of electric violins in 1958 (first production model pictured at the head of this page), and resissued it again in 1969 until 1975.", "Electric violin __knowledge__ Barcus Berry have been producing electric violins since the mid-1960s and in the early 1970s Max Mathews began developing an electric violin which reached completion in 1984 During the 1980s more companies were formed producing their own brand of electric violin, such as RAAD or The Amazing Electric Violin and ZETA.", "Stuff Smith __knowledge__ Hezekiah Leroy Gordon Smith (August 14, 1909 – September 25, 1967), better known as Stuff Smith, was an American jazz violinist.", "Stuff Smith __knowledge__ He is well known for the song \"If You're a Viper\" (the original title was \"You'se a Viper\").", "Stuff Smith __knowledge__ Smith was, along with Stéphane Grappelli, Michel Warlop, Svend Asmussen and Joe Venuti, one of jazz music's preeminent violinists of the swing era.", "Stuff Smith __knowledge__ He was born in Portsmouth, Ohio, in 1909 and studied violin with his father.", "Stuff Smith __knowledge__ Smith cited Louis Armstrong as his primary influence and inspiration to play jazz, and like Armstrong, was a vocalist as well as instrumentalist.", "Stuff Smith __knowledge__ In the 1920s, he played in Texas as a member of Alphonse Trent's band.", "List of The League of Gentlemen characters __knowledge__ This article contains a list of the numerous characters featured in various media by the British comedy troupe known as \"The League of Gentlemen\".", "List of The League of Gentlemen characters __knowledge__ All of the characters were created by the troupe, who are Jeremy Dyson, Mark Gatiss, Steve Pemberton and Reece Shearsmith.", "List of The League of Gentlemen characters __knowledge__ Edward and Tulip \"Tubbs\" Tattsyrup, played by Reece Shearsmith and Steve Pemberton respectively, are a married couple (as well as brother and sister) who are the proprietors of Royston Vasey's local shop (which they inherited from their mother and has apparently been in the Tattsyrup family for generations), located on the top of a hill some distance away from the town.", "Guessing __knowledge__ A guess (or an act of guessing) is a swift conclusion drawn from data directly at hand, and held as probable or tentative, while the person making the guess (the guesser) admittedly lacks material for a greater degree of certainty.", "Guessing __knowledge__ A guess is also an unstable answer, as it is \"always putative, fallible, open to further revision and interpretation, and validated against the horizon of possible meanings by showing that one interpretation is more probable than another in light of what we already know\".", "Guessing __knowledge__ In many of its uses, \"the meaning of guessing is assumed as implicitly understood\", and the term is therefore often used without being meticulously defined.", "Sun Ra __knowledge__ Sun Ra (born Herman Poole Blount, legal name Le Sony'r Ra; May 22, 1914 – May 30, 1993) was an American jazz composer, bandleader, piano and synthesizer player, and poet known for his experimental music, \"cosmic\" philosophy, prolific output, and theatrical performances.", "Sun Ra __knowledge__ For much of his career, Ra led \"The Arkestra\", an ensemble with an ever-changing name and flexible line-up.", "Sun Ra __knowledge__ Born and raised in Alabama, Blount eventually became involved in the Chicago jazz scene during the 1940s.", "Sun Ra __knowledge__ He soon abandoned his birth name, taking the name Sun Ra (after Ra, the Egyptian God of the Sun) and developing a complex persona and mythology that would make him a pioneer of Afrofuturism: he claimed he was an alien from Saturn on a mission to preach peace, and throughout his life he consistently denied any ties to his prior identity.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Jazz violin __knowledge__ Jazz violin is the use of the violin or electric violin to improvise solo lines.", "Jazz violin __knowledge__ The earliest references to jazz performance using the violin as a solo instrument was during the first decades of the 20th century.", "Jazz violin __knowledge__ Early jazz violinists included Eddie South, who played violin with Jimmy Wade's Dixielanders in Chicago; Stuff Smith; Claude \"Fiddler\" Williams, who played with Andy Kirk and his Twelve Clouds of Joy.", "Jazz violin __knowledge__ Joe Venuti was best known for his work with guitarist Eddie Lang during the 1920s.", "Jazz violin __knowledge__ Georgie Stoll was a jazz violinist who became an orchestra leader and film music director.", "Jazz violin __knowledge__ Since that time there have been many superb improvising violinists including Noel Pointer, Stéphane Grappelli and Jean-Luc Ponty.", "Dizzy Gillespie and Stuff Smith __knowledge__ Dizzy Gillespie and Stuff Smith is an album by trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie and violinist Stuff Smith recorded in 1957 and released on the Verve label.", "Dizzy Gillespie and Stuff Smith __knowledge__ The Allmusic review awarded the album 4.5 stars.", "A Tribute to Stuff Smith __knowledge__ A Tribute to Stuff Smith is an album by the American jazz violinist Billy Bang recorded in 1992 featuring Sun Ra, John Ore and Andrew Cyrille and released on the Italian Soul Note label.", "A Tribute to Stuff Smith __knowledge__ The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 4 stars stating \"Ra was a bit hemmed in by the concept, and his conception of time was different than Bang's, so there is a certain amount of tension in the music.", "A Tribute to Stuff Smith __knowledge__ Also, Billy Bang has a much rougher sound and a freer style than Stuff Smith, but the end results are well worth hearing\".", "If You're a Viper __knowledge__ \"If You're a Viper\" (originally released under the title \"You'se a Viper\", and sometimes titled \"If You'se a Viper\") is a jazz song composed by Stuff Smith.", "If You're a Viper __knowledge__ It was first recorded by Smith and his Onyx Club Boys in 1936 and released as the b-side to the song \"After You've Gone\".", "If You're a Viper __knowledge__ The song was a hit for Smith and is one of the most frequently covered songs about marijuana smoking in American popular music.", "If You're a Viper __knowledge__ In its early history the song was identified with Rosetta Howard's 1937 recording and sometimes still is.", "If You're a Viper __knowledge__ Howard slowed the song's tempo considerably, and rewrote significant portions of the vocal melody (for example, the line \"bust your conk on peppermint candy\").", "Elana James __knowledge__ Elana James (born Elana Jaime Fremerman, October 21, 1970, Kansas City, MO) is an American songwriter, Western swing, folk and jazz violinist, vocalist, and a founding member of the band Hot Club of Cowtown.", "Elana James __knowledge__ James grew up in Prairie Village, Kansas, a suburb of Kansas City, Missouri, and began studying Suzuki violin at age four.", "Elana James __knowledge__ Her mother, Susan, is a professional violinist who used to play in the Kansas City Symphony and her father, Marvin, ran a commercial recording studio and was the creative director and founder of an advertising agency in Kansas City.", "Elana James __knowledge__ James grew up riding her horse, April, and playing violin in Kansas before leaving for New York City at age 17." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 11 ]

[ "Hello! I play the electric violin. It's like a violin but electronic.", "Yes, it has built-in pickups.", "Yes. I like Stuff Smith.", "Yes, he is a jazz violinist that likes Louis Armstrong." ]

[ "Electric violin", "Electric violin", "Electric violin", "Electric violin" ]

[ "The Joe Rogan Experience", "I AM ALSO HUGE FAN FOR THIS WORK", "sorry no idea " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ The Joe Rogan Experience is a free audio and video talk podcast hosted by American comedian, actor, sports commentator, and television host Joe Rogan.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ It was launched on December 24, 2009 by Rogan and his friend, comedian Brian Redban who also produced and co-hosted.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ It has grown to become one of the world’s most popular podcasts, spawning a community of listeners around the globe.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ On August 18, 2017, it reached its 1,000th episode with Joey Diaz and Tom Segura as guests.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Around 2003, Rogan hired Brian Redban, a self-taught video editor and an employee at a Gateway computer store in Ohio, to work for him full time to film, produce, and edit videos for his website.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Redban, a fan of Rogan and comedian Doug Stanhope who had tried stand-up at open mic nights in Ohio, met and befriended the two through the Internet.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ He then started to produce videos for Stanhope, which led to Rogan offering him trips to film at his own stand-up gigs.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Redban accepted Rogan's offer to work with him, and relocated to California in the process, following Rogan with a camera \"and recording everything\".", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ After several years, Redban later said Rogan's fans wanted more content and delivered faster, and sought new ways to make the lengthy editing process easier and more interactive for the audience." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ The Joe Rogan Experience is a free audio and video talk podcast hosted by American comedian, actor, sports commentator, and television host Joe Rogan.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ It was launched on December 24, 2009 by Rogan and his friend, comedian Brian Redban who also produced and co-hosted.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ It has grown to become one of the world’s most popular podcasts, spawning a community of listeners around the globe.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ On August 18, 2017, it reached its 1,000th episode with Joey Diaz and Tom Segura as guests.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Around 2003, Rogan hired Brian Redban, a self-taught video editor and an employee at a Gateway computer store in Ohio, to work for him full time to film, produce, and edit videos for his website.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Redban, a fan of Rogan and comedian Doug Stanhope who had tried stand-up at open mic nights in Ohio, met and befriended the two through the Internet.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ He then started to produce videos for Stanhope, which led to Rogan offering him trips to film at his own stand-up gigs.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Redban accepted Rogan's offer to work with him, and relocated to California in the process, following Rogan with a camera \"and recording everything\".", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ After several years, Redban later said Rogan's fans wanted more content and delivered faster, and sought new ways to make the lengthy editing process easier and more interactive for the audience.", "Joe Perry (musician) __knowledge__ Anthony Joseph Pereira (born September 10, 1950), better known by his stage name Joe Perry, is the lead guitarist, backing and occasional lead vocalist, and contributing songwriter for the American rock band Aerosmith.", "Joe Perry (musician) __knowledge__ He was ranked 84th in \"Rolling Stone\"'s list of \"The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\".", "Joe Perry (musician) __knowledge__ In 2001, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as part of Aerosmith, and in 2013, Perry and his songwriting partner Steven Tyler were recipients of the ASCAP Founders Award and were also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame.", "Joe Perry (musician) __knowledge__ In October 2014, Simon & Schuster released \"Rocks: My Life In and Out of Aerosmith\", written by Joe Perry with David Ritz.", "Hank Hill __knowledge__ Henry \"Hank\" Rutherford Hill is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the Fox animated television series \"King of the Hill\".", "Hank Hill __knowledge__ He lives in the fictional town of Arlen, Texas with his family and works as the assistant manager of a local branch of Strickland Propane.", "Hank Hill __knowledge__ He likes to drink beer in the alley behind his house with his friends.", "Hank Hill __knowledge__ He is voiced by series creator Mike Judge.", "Hank Hill __knowledge__ \"The Economist\" described Hank Hill as one of the wisest people on television, and in 1997 \"Texas Monthly\" included him on its annual list of the most influential Texans.", "Hank Hill __knowledge__ When Mike Judge submitted the pilot script and drawings for \"King of the Hill\" to the Fox network, network executives advised him that Hank Hill should be younger than 49 years old, as Judge had described the character.", "Harry Potter fandom __knowledge__ \"\"Harry Potter\" fandom\" refers to the community of fans of the \"Harry Potter\" books and movies who participate in entertainment activities that revolve around the series, such as reading and writing fan fiction, creating and soliciting fan art, engaging in role-playing games, socializing on \"Harry Potter\"-based forums, and more.", "Harry Potter fandom __knowledge__ The fandom interacts online as well as offline through activities such as fan conventions, tours of iconic landmarks relevant to the books and production of the films, and parties held for the midnight release of each book and film.", "Harry Potter fandom __knowledge__ By the fourth \"Harry Potter\" book, the legions of fans had grown so large that considerable security measures were taken to ensure that no book was purchased before the official release date.", "List of Cardfight!! Vanguard characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that are within the \"Cardfight!!", "List of Cardfight!! Vanguard characters __knowledge__ Vanguard\" media franchise.", "List of Cardfight!! Vanguard characters __knowledge__ Birthday: June 6 Gemini Blood B The main protagonist of the original \"Cardfight!!", "List of Cardfight!! Vanguard characters __knowledge__ Vanguard\" series.", "List of Cardfight!! Vanguard characters __knowledge__ When he was younger, Aichi was a very shy and lonely boy who is frequently bullied at school.", "List of Cardfight!! Vanguard characters __knowledge__ After receiving the rare card \"Perdition Emperor Dragon, Dragonic Overlord \"The Great\"\" from Toshiki Kai one day, he begins to come out of his shell.", "List of Cardfight!! Vanguard characters __knowledge__ He eventually meets Kai once more and is persuaded to become a Vanguard player, slowly learning the rules and improving his skills as the series progresses.", "List of Cardfight!! Vanguard characters __knowledge__ In the first season, Aichi uses a Kagero deck.", "San Joaquin River __knowledge__ The San Joaquin River is the longest river of Central California in the United States.", "San Joaquin River __knowledge__ The long river starts in the high Sierra Nevada, and flows through the rich agricultural region of the northern San Joaquin Valley before reaching Suisun Bay, San Francisco Bay, and the Pacific Ocean.", "San Joaquin River __knowledge__ An important source of irrigation water as well as a wildlife corridor, the San Joaquin is among the most heavily dammed and diverted of California's rivers.", "San Joaquin River __knowledge__ People have inhabited the San Joaquin Valley for more than 8,000 years, and it was long one of the major population centers of pre-Columbian California.", "San Joaquin River __knowledge__ Starting in the late 18th century, successive waves of explorers then settlers, mainly Spanish and American, emigrated to the San Joaquin basin, first exploiting then driving out the indigenous tribes.", "Cris Morena __knowledge__ María Cristina De Giacomi (born 23 August 1956), professionally known as Cris Morena, is an Argentine Award-winning television producer, actress, television presenter, composer, musician, songwriter, writer, former fashion model and CEO of Cris Morena Group.", "Cris Morena __knowledge__ She is one of the most successful producers in the country and is the creator of Argentina's most successful youth-oriented shows such as \"Jugate Conmigo\", \"Chiquititas\", \"Rebelde Way\", \"Floricienta\", \"Alma Pirata\", and \"Casi Ángeles\".", "Cris Morena __knowledge__ Until 2001, she worked directly for Telefe but, since \"Rebelde Way\", in 2002, she works independently and has her own production company Cris Morena Group.", "Fan-funded music __knowledge__ Fan-funded music is a type of crowdfunding that specifically pertains to music.", "Fan-funded music __knowledge__ Often, fan-funded music occurs in conjunction with direct-to-fan marketing.", "Fan-funded music __knowledge__ Fans of music have the option to donate and collectively raise money with the goal of jump-starting the career of a given musical artist.", "Fan-funded music __knowledge__ The fan-funding of music occurs primarily through web-based services using one of two business models (see comparison of crowd funding services).", "Fan-funded music __knowledge__ Fans are typically given rewards based on their monetary contributions.", "Fan-funded music __knowledge__ For information on the KiA and AoN funding models, see funding models ArtistShare.com ArtistShare is documented as being the first fan-funded website for music.", "Joe Rogan __knowledge__ Joseph James Rogan (born August 11, 1967) is an American stand-up comedian, martial arts color commentator and podcast host.", "Joe Rogan __knowledge__ A fan of comedy since his youth, Rogan began a career in stand-up in August 1988 in the Boston area, developing a blue comedy act.", "Joe Rogan __knowledge__ He moved to New York City two years later.", "Joe Rogan __knowledge__ After relocating to Los Angeles in 1994, Rogan signed an exclusive developmental deal with Disney, appeared as an actor on the television sitcoms \"Hardball\" and \"NewsRadio\", and worked in local comedy clubs.", "Joe Rogan __knowledge__ In 1997, he started working for the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) as an interviewer and color commentator.", "Joe Rogan Questions Everything __knowledge__ Joe Rogan Questions Everything is an American television series that premiered on SyFy in 2013.", "Joe Rogan Questions Everything __knowledge__ The series follows entertainer and stand-up comedian Joe Rogan and co-host Duncan Trussell as they look into paranormal and extraordinary mysterious subjects like Bigfoot, psychic ability and UFOs.", "Joe Rogan Questions Everything __knowledge__ The show's form is based on a presentation of the topic following up with interviews with experts and members of the public that claim anecdotal evidence for the cases.", "Joe Rogan Questions Everything __knowledge__ Various field research trips are also done in an attempt to gather evidence.", "Joe Rogan Questions Everything __knowledge__ Through the series Joe Rogan takes the position of a skeptic.", "Milo Yiannopoulos __knowledge__ Milo Yiannopoulos (; born Milo Hanrahan; 18 October 1984; also writing under the pen name Milo Andreas Wagner) is a British political commentator, publisher, celebrity, blogger, journalist and author.", "Milo Yiannopoulos __knowledge__ Yiannopoulos is a former senior editor for Breitbart News, who describes himself as a \"cultural libertarian\".", "Milo Yiannopoulos __knowledge__ He is a critic of feminism, Islam, social justice, political correctness, and other movements.", "Milo Yiannopoulos __knowledge__ Though often described as a member of the alt-right, he rejects this label, stating that there are many \"points of difference\" between him and the alt-right movement.", "Milo Yiannopoulos __knowledge__ In October 2017, leaked emails revealed that Yiannopoulos had repeatedly solicited neo-Nazi and white supremacist figures on the alt-right for feedback and story ideas in his work for the website Breitbart.", "Bullet Rogan __knowledge__ Charles Wilber \"Bullet\" Rogan, also known as \"Bullet Joe\" (July 28, 1893 – March 4, 1967), was an American pitcher and outfielder for the Kansas City Monarchs in the Negro baseball leagues from 1920 to 1938.", "Bullet Rogan __knowledge__ Renowned as a two-way player who could both hit and pitch successfully, one statistical compilation shows Rogan winning more games than any other pitcher in Negro leagues history and ranking fourth highest in career batting average.", "Bullet Rogan __knowledge__ He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1998.", "Bullet Rogan __knowledge__ Rogan's early baseball career took place in the U.S. Army, where he played for a famous team in the all-black 25th Infantry.", "Dave Rubin __knowledge__ David Joshua Rubin (born June 26, 1976) is an American political commentator, satirist, and talk show host.", "Dave Rubin __knowledge__ He is the creator and host of political talk show \"The Rubin Report\", formerly part of Ora TV and The Young Turks Network.", "Dave Rubin __knowledge__ He previously hosted \"The Six Pack\" podcast and radio show on Sirius XM Radio.", "Dave Rubin __knowledge__ He considers his views to be similar to those of classical liberalism and targets many topics including political correctness, free speech, politics, mass media, religion, foreign affairs, and what he considers to be the ideological split between liberalism and progressivism.", "Dave Rubin __knowledge__ David Joshua Rubin was born on June 26, 1976 in Brooklyn, New York.", "Joey Diaz __knowledge__ Jose Antonio \"Joey\" Diaz (born February 19, 1963) is a Cuban American stand-up comedian, actor and podcast host.", "Joey Diaz __knowledge__ Born in Cuba and raised in New Jersey, Diaz began his stand-up career in 1991.", "Joey Diaz __knowledge__ He had roles in the television series \"My Name is Earl\" and the films \"The Longest Yard\" and \"Taxi\".", "Joey Diaz __knowledge__ Since 2012, Diaz has hosted the podcast, \"The Church of What's Happening Now\".", "Joey Diaz __knowledge__ He is also a regular guest on \"The Joe Rogan Experience\".", "Joey Diaz __knowledge__ Joey Diaz was born in Havana, Cuba and moved to NYC at the age of three.", "Joey Diaz __knowledge__ In the 1970s, Joey and his mother relocated to North Bergen, New Jersey, where he attended McKinley School followed by North Bergen High School, which he graduated from in 1982 and won awards for performing arts in school." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ The Joe Rogan Experience is a free audio and video talk podcast hosted by American comedian, actor, sports commentator, and television host Joe Rogan.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ It was launched on December 24, 2009 by Rogan and his friend, comedian Brian Redban who also produced and co-hosted.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ It has grown to become one of the world’s most popular podcasts, spawning a community of listeners around the globe.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ On August 18, 2017, it reached its 1,000th episode with Joey Diaz and Tom Segura as guests.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Around 2003, Rogan hired Brian Redban, a self-taught video editor and an employee at a Gateway computer store in Ohio, to work for him full time to film, produce, and edit videos for his website.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Redban, a fan of Rogan and comedian Doug Stanhope who had tried stand-up at open mic nights in Ohio, met and befriended the two through the Internet.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ He then started to produce videos for Stanhope, which led to Rogan offering him trips to film at his own stand-up gigs.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Redban accepted Rogan's offer to work with him, and relocated to California in the process, following Rogan with a camera \"and recording everything\".", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ After several years, Redban later said Rogan's fans wanted more content and delivered faster, and sought new ways to make the lengthy editing process easier and more interactive for the audience.", "Sorry (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ \"Sorry\" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for her sixth studio album \"Lemonade\" (2016).", "Sorry (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ It was written and produced by Wynter Gordon, Sean \"Melo-X\" Rhoden and Beyoncé, with Hit-Boy serving as a co-producer and Stuart White as an additional producer.", "Sorry (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ Columbia Records serviced it to radio stations as the album's second single on May 3, 2016.", "Sorry (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ \"Sorry\" is an electro-R&B song with a thumping rhythm created by drum beats, synthesizers and bells.", "Sorry (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ The song's lyrics revolve around the protagonist dealing with betrayal of a companion with a woman.", "Sorry (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ Due to the numerous allegations featured in the song, media linked its subject matter to the singer and her spouse, Jay-Z.", "Sorry, Sorry __knowledge__ Sorry, Sorry is the third studio album by South Korean boy band Super Junior, released on March 12, 2009 in South Korea.", "Sorry, Sorry __knowledge__ \"Sorry, Sorry\" was a critically and commercially successful hit in Asia, becoming 2009's best-selling Korean-language album in South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, China, and the Philippines.", "Sorry, Sorry __knowledge__ In less than a week after pre-orders were announced, over 150,000 copies were pre-ordered.", "Sorry, Sorry __knowledge__ According to South Korea's Hanteo Charts, it debuted at 1st on the charts with almost 30,000 copies sold on the first day.", "Sorry, Sorry __knowledge__ The album won a Disk Daesang (Album of the Year) at the 2009 Golden Disk Awards.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ \"Sorry\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album, \"Purpose\" (2015).", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ Written by Bieber, Julia Michaels, Justin Tranter, Sonny Moore, and Michael Tucker; the song was produced by Skrillex and BloodPop.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ It was released on October 23, 2015, as the second single from the album.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ A dancehall-pop and tropical house song, \"Sorry\" contains in its instrumentation \"brassy horn bleats\", warm island rhythms and a dembow riddim beat.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ Lyrically, \"Sorry\" is a plea for a chance to apologize to a lover, with Bieber asking forgiveness and a second chance to redeem himself.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ The song allegedly samples \"Ring The Bell\" by White Hinterland.", "Sorry Not Sorry (Demi Lovato song) __knowledge__ \"Sorry Not Sorry\" is a song recorded by American singer Demi Lovato.", "Sorry Not Sorry (Demi Lovato song) __knowledge__ She co-wrote the song with Sean Douglas, Trevor Brown, William Zaire Simmons and its producer Oak Felder.", "Sorry Not Sorry (Demi Lovato song) __knowledge__ It was released on July 11, 2017, through Island Records, Republic Records, Hollywood Records, and Safehouse Records, as the first single from her sixth album, \"Tell Me You Love Me\".", "Sorry Not Sorry (Demi Lovato song) __knowledge__ An acoustic version of the song is included on the deluxe version of the album.", "Sorry Not Sorry (Demi Lovato song) __knowledge__ Commercially, \"Sorry Not Sorry\" has reached the top ten in the United States, Australia, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, as well as the top 20 in Canada, the Czech Republic, Norway, and Portugal.", "Sorry, Sorry (Super Junior song) __knowledge__ \"Sorry, Sorry\" is a song performed by South Korean boy band Super Junior.", "Sorry, Sorry (Super Junior song) __knowledge__ It was released as a digital single on 9 March 2009 and was later included as the title single in the group's third studio album, \"Sorry, Sorry\", released on 12 March 2009.", "Sorry, Sorry (Super Junior song) __knowledge__ This song was Super Junior's comeback single as a complete group since their subgroup activities in Mainland China and South Korea in 2008.", "Sorry, Sorry (Super Junior song) __knowledge__ It was Super Junior's most successful single in the music charts, winning a total of 10 recognitions during the song's promotional period.", "Sorry, Sorry (Super Junior song) __knowledge__ \"Sorry, Sorry\" was written by Yoo Young-jin, who wrote \"Don't Don\", the title track of Super Junior's second album \"Don't Don\".", "You're Not Sorry __knowledge__ \"You're Not Sorry\" is a country rock song performed by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift.", "You're Not Sorry __knowledge__ The song was solely written by Swift and produced by Nathan Chapman with Swift's aid.", "You're Not Sorry __knowledge__ It was released on October 28, 2008 by Big Machine Records as a promotional single from Swift's second studio album, \"Fearless\" on iTunes, though it is no longer available.", "You're Not Sorry __knowledge__ A remix version for the television episode of \"\" in which Swift made an appearance was later released.", "You're Not Sorry __knowledge__ Swift wrote \"You're Not Sorry\", inspired by an ex-boyfriend who was revealed to be opposite of what he appeared to be.", "You're Not Sorry __knowledge__ The song is a power ballad with country and rock music influences.", "Sorry! (game) __knowledge__ Sorry!", "Sorry! (game) __knowledge__ is a board game that is based on the ancient cross and circle game \"Pachisi\".", "Sorry! (game) __knowledge__ Players try to travel around the board with their pieces (called pawns) faster than any other player.", "Sorry! (game) __knowledge__ Originally manufactured by W.H.", "Sorry! (game) __knowledge__ Storey & Co in England and now by Hasbro, \"Sorry!\"", "Sorry! (game) __knowledge__ is marketed for two to four players, ages six through adult.", "Sorry! (game) __knowledge__ The game title comes from the many ways in which a player can negate the progress of another, while issuing an apologetic \"Sorry!\"", "Sorry! (game) __knowledge__ The objective is to be the first player to get all four of their colored pawns from their start space, around the board (sometimes \"backwards\"; see below) to their \"home\" space.", "Maximum Fun __knowledge__ Maximum Fun is an independent podcast and radio show production organization founded and run by Jesse Thorn.", "Maximum Fun __knowledge__ The organization originated with Thorn's college radio show \"The Sound of Young America\" which continued in an adapted format and with a new name, \"Bullseye with Jesse Thorn\".", "Maximum Fun __knowledge__ Maximum Fun has since grown to include several other programs.", "Maximum Fun __knowledge__ In May 2014, \"Rolling Stone\" included three Maximum Fun shows on its list of \"The 20 Best Comedy Podcasts Right Now\": \"Judge John Hodgman\", \"RISK!", "Maximum Fun __knowledge__ \", and \"Throwing Shade\".", "Maximum Fun __knowledge__ \"The Adventure Zone\" is a spin-off of \"My Brother, My Brother and Me\", in which Griffin, Justin, and Travis McElroy play \"Dungeons & Dragons\" with their father, Clint.", "Live Audio Wrestling __knowledge__ Live Audio Wrestling (also known as The LAW) was a Canadian sports radio talk show hosted by \"The Mouth\" Dan Lovranski and Jason Agnew.", "Live Audio Wrestling __knowledge__ The program primarily covered news and events surrounding professional wrestling (such as WWE) and mixed martial arts.", "Live Audio Wrestling __knowledge__ First premiering in May 1997 as an internet radio show, \"The LAW\" later shifted to conventional radio on several stations in the Toronto area, and moved to CHUM in 2011, where it remained until its cancellation on October 30, 2017.", "Live Audio Wrestling __knowledge__ A new video podcast series, also called \"Live Audio Wrestling\", is set to air as part of Impact Wrestling's Twitch platform.", "WNYC Studios __knowledge__ WNYC Studios is a producer and distributor of podcasts and on-demand and broadcast audio.", "WNYC Studios __knowledge__ WNYC Studios produces and distributes several podcasts including 2 Dope Queens, Death, Sex & Money, Freakonomics Radio, Snap Judgment (radio show), Here’s the Thing with Alec Baldwin, The New Yorker Radio Hour, Note to Self, On the Media, Only Human, Radiolab, More Perfect, and Nancy.", "WNYC Studios __knowledge__ WNYC Studios is a subsidiary of New York Public Radio and is headquartered in New York City.", "WNYC Studios __knowledge__ WNYC Studios is working to grow its portfolio of podcasts with plans to launch several more podcasts in 2017.", "WNYC Studios __knowledge__ WNYC Studios was founded on October 13, 2015 with an inventory of 17 podcasts and national radio shows.", "Redband trout __knowledge__ Redband trout are a group of three recognized subspecies of rainbow trout (\"Oncorhynchus mykiss\").", "Redband trout __knowledge__ They occur in three distinct regions in Pacific basin tributaries and endorheic basins in the western United States.", "Redband trout __knowledge__ The three subspecies are the Columbia River redband trout (\"O. m. gairdneri\"), the McCloud River redband trout (\"O. m. stonei\") and the Great Basin redband trout (\"O. m. newberrii\").", "Redband trout __knowledge__ The Columbia River redband trout is found in the Columbia River and its tributaries in Montana, Oregon, Washington and Idaho.", "Redband trout __knowledge__ Anadromous populations of \"O. m. gairdneri\" are known as redband steelhead.", "Redband trout __knowledge__ The McCloud River redband trout is found in small tributaries of the McCloud River and Pit River which are tributaries of California's Sacramento River.", "Radiotopia __knowledge__ Radiotopia is a podcast network run by the Public Radio Exchange incorporating nearly 20 podcast shows (2017).", "Radiotopia __knowledge__ Podcasts in the network are downloaded over 13 million times per month.", "Radiotopia __knowledge__ Radiotopia, founded by Roman Mars, was launched in February 2014 with an initial group of seven shows: Jonathan Mitchell's \"The Truth\", Lea Thau's \"Strangers\", Benjamin Walker's \"Theory of Everything\", Nick van der Kolk's \"Love and Radio\", the Kitichen Sisters' \"Fugitive Waves\" (later renamed \"The Kitchen Sisters Present...\"), \"Radio Diaries\" and Roman Mars' own flagship show \"99% Invisible\".", "Radiotopia __knowledge__ The makers of these shows had decided to band together as independent producers who didn't all have the support of traditional radio broadcasting, targeting instead a growing audience of podcast listeners seeking recommendations for new things to listen to.", "Gimlet Media __knowledge__ Gimlet Media is a digital media company and podcast network, focused on producing narrative podcasts, founded by Alex Blumberg and Matthew Lieber, who serve as the company's CEO and president respectively.", "Gimlet Media __knowledge__ Gimlet is headquartered in Brooklyn, New York.", "Gimlet Media __knowledge__ Gimlet was founded in August 2014 with the launch of its flagship podcast \"StartUp\" hosted by Alex Blumberg.", "Gimlet Media __knowledge__ Originally billed as the American Podcasting Corporation (APC), Blumberg was eventually convinced to change the company's name.", "Gimlet Media __knowledge__ After working with Lexicon Branding, Blumberg and Lieber chose the name Gimlet Media for the venture.", "Gimlet Media __knowledge__ The company raised $1.5 million in seed funding at a $10 million valuation.", "Sarcastic Gamer __knowledge__ SarcasticGamer.com was an independent video gaming blog and community site that was relaunched as a podcast.", "Sarcastic Gamer __knowledge__ As part of the GamerCast Network, a community of independent podcasters, the website focused on parodying the latest events happening in the gaming industry.", "Sarcastic Gamer __knowledge__ Although the website was best known for its satirical news articles and parodies, it also featured reviews, news, opinions and rants.", "Sarcastic Gamer __knowledge__ All articles, however, stayed true to the \"sarcastic\" ethos of the site.", "Sarcastic Gamer __knowledge__ Sarcastic Gamer was relaunched as a podcast-only website in December 2012 before closing its site in 2015.", "Sarcastic Gamer __knowledge__ The site was founded by Adams in early June 2007, the first SarcasticGamer.com article, written on 11 June 2007 after his first parody song, \"How You Killed Your Brand\" (a parody of How To Save A Life by The Fray) gained immense popularity on YouTube." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4 ]

[ "Who knew I'd be talking to someone about the Joe Rogan Experience today. I have probably seen 800/1050ish episodes he's done. I'm a huge fan. You?", "The Podcast launched in 2009. Him and Redband, who co-hosted and produced the show as well. It was awesome back then.", "Just last year in August the show hit it's 1,000th episode. Joey Diaz was on. He was actually on a couple days ago as well." ]

[ "The Joe Rogan Experience", "The Joe Rogan Experience", "The Joe Rogan Experience" ]

[ "Bruno Mars\nI really like Bruno Mars. I wonder how old he is.", "Oh, his Bday is the day after my husbands. lol. What year did he create his first album?", "Oh wow, he's been around for a while now. How many albums has he created?", "Wow. I would've never thought. Any other interesting tidbits about him?", "Oh. What was his top song?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Peter Gene Hernandez (born October 8, 1985), known professionally as Bruno Mars, is an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, and choreographer.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Born and raised in Honolulu, Hawaii, by a family of musicians, Mars began making music at a young age and performed in various musical venues in his hometown throughout his childhood.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ He graduated from high school and moved to Los Angeles to pursue a musical career.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ After being dropped by Motown Records, Mars signed a recording contract with Atlantic Records in 2009.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ In 2009, he co-founded the production team The Smeezingtons, responsible for the singles \"Nothin' on You\" by B.o.B and \"Billionaire\" by Travie McCoy.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ He featured on the hooks for both singles, becoming recognized as a solo artist.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ His debut studio album \"Doo-Wops & Hooligans\" (2010) included the international and U.S \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number one singles \"Just the Way You Are\" and \"Grenade\", as well as the number-four single \"The Lazy Song\".", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Mars' second album, \"Unorthodox Jukebox\" (2012), was number one in the United States.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Its singles \"Locked Out of Heaven\" and \"When I Was Your Man\" reached number one in the US, while \"Treasure\" became a number-five single.", "The Smeezingtons __knowledge__ The Smeezingtons were an American songwriting and record producing team, consisting of Bruno Mars (born October 8, 1985), Philip Lawrence (born July 17, 1980) and Ari Levine (born May 5, 1985).", "The Smeezingtons __knowledge__ The Smeezingtons were established in Los Angeles, California.", "The Smeezingtons __knowledge__ Their production and writing services had been increasingly in demand since 2009.", "The Smeezingtons __knowledge__ Eventually, the trio split, and Mars and Lawrence formed a new production trio called \"Shampoo Press & Curl\", which includes Christopher Brody Brown.", "The Smeezingtons __knowledge__ The Smeezingtons broke into the American recording industry, crafting songs for a diverse roster of talent, with the December 2009 release of the Billboard Hot 100 No.", "Just the Way You Are (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ \"Just the Way You Are\" is the debut solo single by American singer-songwriter Bruno Mars.", "Just the Way You Are (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ It is the lead single from his debut studio album, \"Doo-Wops & Hooligans\" (2010).", "Just the Way You Are (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Bruno Mars, Philip Lawrence, Ari Levine, Khalil Walton and Needlz and produced by the former three, under their alias, The Smeezingtons along with Needlz.", "Just the Way You Are (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ It was released in the United States to Contemporary hit radio on August 10, 2010.", "Just the Way You Are (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ The track was released in the United Kingdom on September 19, 2010, as \"Just the Way You Are (Amazing)\".", "Just the Way You Are (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ The song's lyrics compliment a woman's beauty.", "Just the Way You Are (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ The debut single received positive reviews from critics, who considered it a stand-out track on \"Doo-Wops & Hooligans\" and praised The Smeezington's production.", "When I Was Your Man __knowledge__ \"When I Was Your Man\" is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Bruno Mars for his second studio album, \"Unorthodox Jukebox\" (2012).", "When I Was Your Man __knowledge__ Atlantic Records released the song as the third promotional single and as the second official single, taken from the album, to mainstream radio in the United States on January 15, 2013.", "When I Was Your Man __knowledge__ \"When I Was Your Man\" was written by Bruno Mars, Philip Lawrence, Ari Levine and Andrew Wyatt; with Mars, Lawrence and Levine credited for composing the song as well.", "When I Was Your Man __knowledge__ The pop song is an emotional piano ballad with lyrics describing the heartbreak and regret Mars felt from letting his lover get away, and his expressed hope that her new man will give her all the love and attention that he failed to provide.", "Moonshine Jungle Tour __knowledge__ The Moonshine Jungle Tour was the second concert tour by American singer-songwriter Bruno Mars.", "Moonshine Jungle Tour __knowledge__ The tour supported his second studio album, \"Unorthodox Jukebox\" (2012).", "Moonshine Jungle Tour __knowledge__ After an official announcement on February 10, 2013, which coincided with Mars performance at the 55th Annual Grammy Awards, a promotional trailer and behind-the-scenes footage of the tour were released through Mars' official YouTube channel and website.", "Moonshine Jungle Tour __knowledge__ Mars and his team selected Ellie Goulding and Fitz & the Tantrums as the opening acts, in the first North American leg, while music video director Cameron Duddy was signed as creative director for the tour in North America.", "Locked Out of Heaven __knowledge__ \"Locked Out of Heaven\" is a song by American singer Bruno Mars from his second studio album, \"Unorthodox Jukebox\" (2012).", "Locked Out of Heaven __knowledge__ It was released as the lead single from the album on October 1, 2012.", "Locked Out of Heaven __knowledge__ The song was written by Mars, Philip Lawrence and Ari Levine of The Smeezingtons, and produced by Mark Ronson, Jeff Bhasker, Emile Haynie and The Smeezingtons.", "Locked Out of Heaven __knowledge__ \"Locked Out of Heaven\" is a reggae rock song influenced by new wave and funk.", "Locked Out of Heaven __knowledge__ The song's lyrics are about the rapturous feelings brought about by a relationship infused with positive emotion as well as euphoria from sex.", "Locked Out of Heaven __knowledge__ \"Locked Out of Heaven\" was well received by most critics, some of whom complimented Mars' different musical direction.", "Treasure (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ \"Treasure\" is a song recorded by Bruno Mars for his second studio album, titled \"Unorthodox Jukebox\" (2012).", "Treasure (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ It is inspired by Breakbot's song \"Baby I'm Yours\".", "Treasure (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ \"Treasure\" was written by Mars himself along with Philip Lawrence, Ari Levine and Phredley Brown, while production was handled by Mars, Lawrence and Levine under the name The Smeezingtons.", "Treasure (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ The song is the album's fourth track and was selected as its third single by Atlantic Records.", "Treasure (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ \"Treasure\" was first released to mainstream radio in Italy on May 10, 2013, through Warner Music.", "Treasure (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ The track details Mars' band time of party and fun: Philip Lawrence described it as \"the kind of song where the whole band can get up and jam\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Peter Gene Hernandez (born October 8, 1985), known professionally as Bruno Mars, is an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, and choreographer.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Born and raised in Honolulu, Hawaii, by a family of musicians, Mars began making music at a young age and performed in various musical venues in his hometown throughout his childhood.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ He graduated from high school and moved to Los Angeles to pursue a musical career.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ After being dropped by Motown Records, Mars signed a recording contract with Atlantic Records in 2009.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ In 2009, he co-founded the production team The Smeezingtons, responsible for the singles \"Nothin' on You\" by B.o.B and \"Billionaire\" by Travie McCoy.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ He featured on the hooks for both singles, becoming recognized as a solo artist.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ His debut studio album \"Doo-Wops & Hooligans\" (2010) included the international and U.S \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number one singles \"Just the Way You Are\" and \"Grenade\", as well as the number-four single \"The Lazy Song\".", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Mars' second album, \"Unorthodox Jukebox\" (2012), was number one in the United States.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Its singles \"Locked Out of Heaven\" and \"When I Was Your Man\" reached number one in the US, while \"Treasure\" became a number-five single.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Robert James Smith (born 21 April 1959) is an English singer, songwriter and musician.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He is the lead singer, guitarist, multi instrumentalist, lyricist, principal songwriter and only consistent member of the rock band The Cure, which he co-founded in 1976.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He was also the lead guitarist for the band Siouxsie and the Banshees from 1982 to 1984 and was part of the short-lived group The Glove in 1983.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith is known for his distinctive voice and unique stage look, the latter of which was influential on the Goth subculture that rose to prominence in the 1980s.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith was born in the Lancashire town of Blackpool and is the third of four children born to James Alexander and Rita Mary (née Emmott) Smith.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ This Is England '90 is a 2015 British TV drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne and produced by Warp Films.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ A spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\", it is also a sequel to the series \"This Is England '86\" and \"This Is England '88\".", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ \"This Is England '90\" was originally due in late 2012, but in July 2012, Meadows announced that the production had been put on hold in order for him to complete his The Stone Roses, and the actors were still waiting for confirmation as to when filming would start.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ In March 2014, Meadows confirmed that shooting would start later in the year although he had not yet finished the script.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ Le ravissement de Lol V. Stein is a novel written by Marguerite Duras and published in France by Gallimard in 1964.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was translated by Richard Seaver and published as \"The Ravishing of Lol Stein\" in the US by Grove Press in 1966.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was also translated by Eileen Ellenbogen in the UK as \"The rapture of Lol V. Stein\" for Hamish Hamilton in 1967.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ At the beginning of the novel, Lol Stein (her middle initial is omitted in the English translation) is a woman in her thirties.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ She was born and raised in South Tahla in a bourgeois family and is engaged to Michael Richardson at 19.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ However, at a ball in the seaside resort of Town Beach, Michael Richardson leaves Lol for Anne-Marie Stretter, an older woman.", "The Cure __knowledge__ The Cure are an English rock band formed in Crawley, West Sussex in 1976.", "The Cure __knowledge__ The band has experienced several line-up changes, with vocalist, guitarist, and principal songwriter Robert Smith being the only constant member.", "The Cure __knowledge__ Their debut single \"Killing an Arab\" (1978) and debut album \"Three Imaginary Boys\" (1979) were important records in the development of the post-punk and new wave movements that developed in the wake of the punk rock scene in the United Kingdom.", "The Cure __knowledge__ During the early 1980s, the band's increasingly dark and tormented music (as well as Smith's unique stage look) was a staple of the emerging style of music known as gothic rock.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ This Is England '88 is a 2011 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne as a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ It is also a sequel to the 2010 television sequel-series \"This Is England '86\", set two and a half years later and starring as previously Thomas Turgoose as Shaun, Vicky McClure as Lol and Joe Gilgun as Woody.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ Set during Christmas 1988, Lol is haunted by the devastating events that took place two and a half years before.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ She and Woody both find themselves struggling to cope with their lives without each other after he leaves the gang.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ Lol is carrying the burden of her guilt, whilst Woody is trying to build a domestic life with a new girlfriend and a potential promotion at work.", "The Smeezingtons __knowledge__ The Smeezingtons were an American songwriting and record producing team, consisting of Bruno Mars (born October 8, 1985), Philip Lawrence (born July 17, 1980) and Ari Levine (born May 5, 1985).", "The Smeezingtons __knowledge__ The Smeezingtons were established in Los Angeles, California.", "The Smeezingtons __knowledge__ Their production and writing services had been increasingly in demand since 2009.", "The Smeezingtons __knowledge__ Eventually, the trio split, and Mars and Lawrence formed a new production trio called \"Shampoo Press & Curl\", which includes Christopher Brody Brown.", "The Smeezingtons __knowledge__ The Smeezingtons broke into the American recording industry, crafting songs for a diverse roster of talent, with the December 2009 release of the Billboard Hot 100 No.", "Moonshine Jungle Tour __knowledge__ The Moonshine Jungle Tour was the second concert tour by American singer-songwriter Bruno Mars.", "Moonshine Jungle Tour __knowledge__ The tour supported his second studio album, \"Unorthodox Jukebox\" (2012).", "Moonshine Jungle Tour __knowledge__ After an official announcement on February 10, 2013, which coincided with Mars performance at the 55th Annual Grammy Awards, a promotional trailer and behind-the-scenes footage of the tour were released through Mars' official YouTube channel and website.", "Moonshine Jungle Tour __knowledge__ Mars and his team selected Ellie Goulding and Fitz & the Tantrums as the opening acts, in the first North American leg, while music video director Cameron Duddy was signed as creative director for the tour in North America.", "Just the Way You Are (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ \"Just the Way You Are\" is the debut solo single by American singer-songwriter Bruno Mars.", "Just the Way You Are (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ It is the lead single from his debut studio album, \"Doo-Wops & Hooligans\" (2010).", "Just the Way You Are (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Bruno Mars, Philip Lawrence, Ari Levine, Khalil Walton and Needlz and produced by the former three, under their alias, The Smeezingtons along with Needlz.", "Just the Way You Are (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ It was released in the United States to Contemporary hit radio on August 10, 2010.", "Just the Way You Are (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ The track was released in the United Kingdom on September 19, 2010, as \"Just the Way You Are (Amazing)\".", "Just the Way You Are (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ The song's lyrics compliment a woman's beauty.", "Just the Way You Are (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ The debut single received positive reviews from critics, who considered it a stand-out track on \"Doo-Wops & Hooligans\" and praised The Smeezington's production.", "Liquor Store Blues __knowledge__ \"Liquor Store Blues\" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Bruno Mars for his debut studio album \"Doo-Wops & Hooligans\" (2010), featuring vocals by Jamaican artist Damian Marley.", "Liquor Store Blues __knowledge__ It was released as the first promotional single from the record, on September 21, 2010 by Elektra Records in the United States; while in the rest of the world it was liberated by Warner Entertainment Group (WEG).", "Liquor Store Blues __knowledge__ \"Liquor Store Blues\" is a reggae track with dub influences produced by The Smeezingtons (Mars, Phillip Lawrence, Ari Levine) and Dwayne \"Supa Dups\" Chin-Quee, while the writing was handled by the former three along with Damian Marley and Thomas Pentz, known professionally as Diplo.", "List of The X Factor finalists (U.S. season 2) __knowledge__ The second season of The X Factor aired on Fox, starting on September 12, 2012 and ending December 20, 2012.", "List of The X Factor finalists (U.S. season 2) __knowledge__ The live shows began on October 31, 2012, as 16 acts made it into the live shows, with one wildcard act returning after the first elimination round.", "List of The X Factor finalists (U.S. season 2) __knowledge__ Tate Stevens was crowned the winner of the season on the second half of the finale, with Carly Rose Sonenclar becoming the runner-up and Fifth Harmony finished in third place.", "List of The X Factor finalists (U.S. season 2) __knowledge__ They are all signed to Simon Cowell's record label Syco Music.", "List of The X Factor finalists (U.S. season 2) __knowledge__ The \"Teens\" category was mentored by Britney Spears.", "List of The X Factor finalists (U.S. season 2) __knowledge__ The six candidates were Diamond White, Carly Rose Sonenclar, Arin Ray, James Tanner, Reed Deming and Beatrice Miller.", "Jake Zyrus discography __knowledge__ The discography of Jake Zyrus, a Filipino singer, consists of two studio albums, two extended plays (EP), four singles, six promotional singles, and six music videos.", "Jake Zyrus discography __knowledge__ Jake recorded under the name Charice before coming out in 2017 as a transgender man .", "Jake Zyrus discography __knowledge__ In 2008, Zyrus released his debut EP under Star Records entitled \"Charice\", which was certified platinum.", "Jake Zyrus discography __knowledge__ In 2009, he released his first full studio album, the Philippines-exclusive \"My Inspiration\", which was also certified platinum.", "Jake Zyrus discography __knowledge__ On the May 18 episode \"Finale: Oprah's Search for the World's Most Talented Kids\" of \"The Oprah Winfrey Show\", he debuted his first internationally released single \"Note to God\", written by Diane Warren and produced by David Foster." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Peter Gene Hernandez (born October 8, 1985), known professionally as Bruno Mars, is an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, and choreographer.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Born and raised in Honolulu, Hawaii, by a family of musicians, Mars began making music at a young age and performed in various musical venues in his hometown throughout his childhood.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ He graduated from high school and moved to Los Angeles to pursue a musical career.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ After being dropped by Motown Records, Mars signed a recording contract with Atlantic Records in 2009.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ In 2009, he co-founded the production team The Smeezingtons, responsible for the singles \"Nothin' on You\" by B.o.B and \"Billionaire\" by Travie McCoy.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ He featured on the hooks for both singles, becoming recognized as a solo artist.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ His debut studio album \"Doo-Wops & Hooligans\" (2010) included the international and U.S \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number one singles \"Just the Way You Are\" and \"Grenade\", as well as the number-four single \"The Lazy Song\".", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Mars' second album, \"Unorthodox Jukebox\" (2012), was number one in the United States.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Its singles \"Locked Out of Heaven\" and \"When I Was Your Man\" reached number one in the US, while \"Treasure\" became a number-five single.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ \"Wow Oh Wow\" is a song by Irish hip pop duo Jedward.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It is the third single released from their second album, \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It was released as a digital download on 18 November 2011.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song is written by Oritsé Williams of boy band JLS, and songwriters Johannes Joergensen, Savan Kotecha, Daniel Klein of Deekay.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ In September 2011, \"Wow Oh Wow\" was announced as the third single from \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ Jedward debuted the song on Irish chat show \"The Late Late Show\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song was released as a digital-only single.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The music video was directed by Dale \"Rage\" Resteghini and filmed in Los Angeles, California in October 2011.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Those Darlins was a rock and roll band from Nashville, Tennessee active between 2006 and 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The group has released three albums, their alt-country-leaning self-titled debut \"Those Darlins\" in 2009, the garage rock influenced \"Screws Get Loose\" in 2011, and the more classic rock and roll \"Blur the Line\" in 2013.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band also owns and operates its own record label, Oh Wow Dang Records.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band entered into a hiatus in 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Lead singer Jessi Zazu died from cancer on September 12, 2017.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Jessi Zazu, Nikki Kvarnes, and Kelley Anderson formed Those Darlins after meeting at the Southern Girls Rock & Roll Camp in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"OMG\" is a song by American recording artist Usher and American rapper will.i.am, who also wrote and produced the song.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It uses the auto-tune effect in several lines, as well as \"Jock Jams\"-esque sports arena chanting.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It was released on March 22, 2010 as the first worldwide single off his sixth studio album, \"Raymond v. Raymond\", and the fourth single overall, following the three US singles \"Papers\", \"Hey Daddy (Daddy's Home)\", and \"Lil Freak\".", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was met with a mixed reception from critics, who criticized the use of auto-tune, but commended the song's dance and club vibe.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song marks the second time that Usher has collaborated with will.i.am, following the single \"What's Your Name\", from his previous album \"Here I Stand\" (2008).", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "The Smeezingtons __knowledge__ The Smeezingtons were an American songwriting and record producing team, consisting of Bruno Mars (born October 8, 1985), Philip Lawrence (born July 17, 1980) and Ari Levine (born May 5, 1985).", "The Smeezingtons __knowledge__ The Smeezingtons were established in Los Angeles, California.", "The Smeezingtons __knowledge__ Their production and writing services had been increasingly in demand since 2009.", "The Smeezingtons __knowledge__ Eventually, the trio split, and Mars and Lawrence formed a new production trio called \"Shampoo Press & Curl\", which includes Christopher Brody Brown.", "The Smeezingtons __knowledge__ The Smeezingtons broke into the American recording industry, crafting songs for a diverse roster of talent, with the December 2009 release of the Billboard Hot 100 No.", "Unorthodox Jukebox __knowledge__ Unorthodox Jukebox is the second studio album by American singer and songwriter Bruno Mars.", "Unorthodox Jukebox __knowledge__ It was released on December 7, 2012, by Atlantic Records.", "Unorthodox Jukebox __knowledge__ It serves as the follow-up to Mars' debut record \"Doo-Wops & Hooligans\" (2010).", "Unorthodox Jukebox __knowledge__ The album was initially planned to be more \"energetic\" than his previous work, but, it ended presenting a wide range of styles such as reggae rock, disco and soul music.", "Unorthodox Jukebox __knowledge__ The singer co-wrote the whole record and worked with several past collaborators, while enlisting new producers and no guest vocalists.", "Unorthodox Jukebox __knowledge__ Lyrically, \"Unorthodox Jukebox\" revolves around the theme of relationships, incorporating more explicit lyrics and subjects than his previous material.", "List of songs written by Bruno Mars __knowledge__ American singer-songwriter Bruno Mars has written and recorded songs for his studio albums, \"Doo-Wops & Hooligans\" (2010), \"Unorthodox Jukebox\" (2012), and \"24K Magic\" (2016) and has written songs for other singers.", "List of songs written by Bruno Mars __knowledge__ The Smeezingtons (Bruno Mars, Philip Lawrence, Ari Levine) worked in the majority of the songs in Mars' debut studio album, including writing \"Count on Me\" and \"Marry You\" together.", "List of songs written by Bruno Mars __knowledge__ The team collaborated with Khari Cain and Khalil Walton on the album's lead single \"Just the Way You Are\", peaking at number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "List of songs written by Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Mars explained \"I wasn't thinking of anything deep or poetic.", "List of songs recorded by Bruno Mars __knowledge__ American singer and songwriter Bruno Mars has recorded songs for one EP and two studio albums, some of which were collaborations with others.", "List of songs recorded by Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Shortly after moving to Los Angeles, Mars signed to Motown Records in 2004 and was dropped shortly afterwards, he also held a conversation with Will.i.am's management which turned out fruitless.", "List of songs recorded by Bruno Mars __knowledge__ After these two unsuccessful events, the singer signed a second contract with record label Atlantic in 2009.", "List of songs recorded by Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Before becoming a successful solo artist, Mars was an acknowledged music producer, co-founding the production team The Smeezingtons.", "List of songs recorded by Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Bruno Mars has been named one of the greatest artist of all time.", "Locked Out of Heaven __knowledge__ \"Locked Out of Heaven\" is a song by American singer Bruno Mars from his second studio album, \"Unorthodox Jukebox\" (2012).", "Locked Out of Heaven __knowledge__ It was released as the lead single from the album on October 1, 2012.", "Locked Out of Heaven __knowledge__ The song was written by Mars, Philip Lawrence and Ari Levine of The Smeezingtons, and produced by Mark Ronson, Jeff Bhasker, Emile Haynie and The Smeezingtons.", "Locked Out of Heaven __knowledge__ \"Locked Out of Heaven\" is a reggae rock song influenced by new wave and funk.", "Locked Out of Heaven __knowledge__ The song's lyrics are about the rapturous feelings brought about by a relationship infused with positive emotion as well as euphoria from sex.", "Locked Out of Heaven __knowledge__ \"Locked Out of Heaven\" was well received by most critics, some of whom complimented Mars' different musical direction.", "Treasure (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ \"Treasure\" is a song recorded by Bruno Mars for his second studio album, titled \"Unorthodox Jukebox\" (2012).", "Treasure (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ It is inspired by Breakbot's song \"Baby I'm Yours\".", "Treasure (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ \"Treasure\" was written by Mars himself along with Philip Lawrence, Ari Levine and Phredley Brown, while production was handled by Mars, Lawrence and Levine under the name The Smeezingtons.", "Treasure (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ The song is the album's fourth track and was selected as its third single by Atlantic Records.", "Treasure (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ \"Treasure\" was first released to mainstream radio in Italy on May 10, 2013, through Warner Music.", "Treasure (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ The track details Mars' band time of party and fun: Philip Lawrence described it as \"the kind of song where the whole band can get up and jam\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Peter Gene Hernandez (born October 8, 1985), known professionally as Bruno Mars, is an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, and choreographer.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Born and raised in Honolulu, Hawaii, by a family of musicians, Mars began making music at a young age and performed in various musical venues in his hometown throughout his childhood.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ He graduated from high school and moved to Los Angeles to pursue a musical career.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ After being dropped by Motown Records, Mars signed a recording contract with Atlantic Records in 2009.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ In 2009, he co-founded the production team The Smeezingtons, responsible for the singles \"Nothin' on You\" by B.o.B and \"Billionaire\" by Travie McCoy.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ He featured on the hooks for both singles, becoming recognized as a solo artist.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ His debut studio album \"Doo-Wops & Hooligans\" (2010) included the international and U.S \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number one singles \"Just the Way You Are\" and \"Grenade\", as well as the number-four single \"The Lazy Song\".", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Mars' second album, \"Unorthodox Jukebox\" (2012), was number one in the United States.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Its singles \"Locked Out of Heaven\" and \"When I Was Your Man\" reached number one in the US, while \"Treasure\" became a number-five single.", "List of As Told by Ginger characters __knowledge__ Throughout the various episodes in \"As Told by Ginger\", a number of recurring characters appear.", "List of As Told by Ginger characters __knowledge__ Prominent characters are listed here.", "List of As Told by Ginger characters __knowledge__ Ginger Foutley is an average 14-year-old girl and the main protagonist in the series.", "List of As Told by Ginger characters __knowledge__ She was not considered \"popular\" until Courtney Gripling, the stereotypical \"school diva\", decided to befriend her.", "List of As Told by Ginger characters __knowledge__ Through Ginger, Courtney is able to view how the world works outside of the popular clique.", "List of As Told by Ginger characters __knowledge__ However, Courtney's \"right-hand woman\", Miranda Killgallen, becomes increasingly jealous of Courtney and Ginger's relationship, and stops at nothing to relegate Ginger to her previous role of geek.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Waterloo Festival for Animated Cinema __knowledge__ The Waterloo Festival for Animated Cinema (WFAC) was an annual international film festival for animated feature films, held in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.", "Waterloo Festival for Animated Cinema __knowledge__ It ran for 13 years, from 2001 to 2013.", "Waterloo Festival for Animated Cinema __knowledge__ The festival was founded in to promote appreciation for animation as a narrative medium for mature cinematic storytelling, and to review and celebrate animated feature films in the venue they were meant to be seen: a theatre.", "Waterloo Festival for Animated Cinema __knowledge__ The festival was unique in its focus on feature animation.", "Waterloo Festival for Animated Cinema __knowledge__ Its selection of films suggested a desire to create bridges: from audience to animator, from anime to non-anime, and most obviously from mature audiences to mature films, which simply happen to be animated.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Trumped (2017 film) __knowledge__ Trumped: Inside the Greatest Political Upset of All Time is a 2017 American documentary film that chronicles the 2016 presidential campaign of Donald Trump, leading up to his electoral victory in November 2016.", "Trumped (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film was directed by Ted Bourne, Mary Robertson, and Banks Tarver, and was created from footage that was shot for the Showtime television documentary series, \"\", starring Mark Halperin, John Heilemann, and Mark McKinnon; the three also appear in the film.", "Trumped (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2017, and later premiered on Showtime on February 3, 2017.", "Trumped (2017 film) __knowledge__ \"Trumped\" received mostly negative reviews, being criticized for feeling rushed and for not going into enough detail on how Trump won the election.", "Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories __knowledge__ During Barack Obama's campaign for president in 2008, throughout his presidency, and afterwards, a number of conspiracy theories were circulated, falsely asserting that Obama was ineligible to be President of the United States on the basis that he was not a natural-born citizen of the United States within the requirement of .", "Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories __knowledge__ Theories alleged that Obama's published birth certificate was a forgery—that his actual birthplace was not Hawaii but Kenya.", "Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories __knowledge__ Other theories alleged that Obama became a citizen of Indonesia in childhood, thereby losing his U.S. citizenship.", "Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories __knowledge__ Still others claimed that Obama was not a natural-born U.S. citizen because he was born a dual citizen (British and American).", "Hawaii __knowledge__ Hawaii ( ; ) is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States of America, having received statehood on August 21, 1959.", "Hawaii __knowledge__ Hawaii is the only U.S. state located in Oceania and the only one composed entirely of islands.", "Hawaii __knowledge__ It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean.", "Hawaii __knowledge__ Hawaii is the only U.S. state located outside North America.", "Hawaii __knowledge__ The state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian archipelago, which comprises hundreds of islands spread over .", "Hawaii __knowledge__ At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight main islands are—in order from northwest to southeast: Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lānai, Kahoolawe, Maui, and the Island of Hawaii.", "Honolulu County, Hawaii __knowledge__ Honolulu County (officially known as the City and County of Honolulu, formerly Oahu County) is a consolidated city–county located in the U.S. state of Hawaii.", "Honolulu County, Hawaii __knowledge__ The city–county includes both the city of Honolulu (the state's capital and largest city) and the rest of the island of Oahu, as well as several minor outlying islands, including all of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (islands beyond Niihau) except Midway Atoll.", "Honolulu County, Hawaii __knowledge__ The consolidated city-county was established in the city charter adopted in 1907 and accepted by the Legislature of the Territory of Hawaii.", "Honolulu County, Hawaii __knowledge__ As a municipal corporation and jurisdiction it manages aspects of government traditionally exercised by both municipalities and counties in the rest of the United States.", "Honolulu __knowledge__ Honolulu (; ) is the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Hawaii.", "Honolulu __knowledge__ It is an unincorporated part of and the county seat of the City and County of Honolulu on the island of O'ahu.", "Honolulu __knowledge__ The city is the main gateway to Hawai'i and a major portal into the United States.", "Honolulu __knowledge__ The city is also a major hub for international business, military defense, as well as famously being host to a diverse variety of east-west and Pacific culture, cuisine, and traditions.", "Honolulu __knowledge__ Honolulu is the most remote city of its size in the world and is the westernmost major U.S. city.", "Honolulu __knowledge__ For statistical purposes, the U.S. Census Bureau recognizes the approximate area commonly referred to as \"City of Honolulu\" (not to be confused with the \"City and County\") as a census county division (CCD).", "Kalākaua __knowledge__ Kalākaua (November 16, 1836 – January 20, 1891), born David Laamea Kamananakapu Mahinulani Naloiaehuokalani Lumialani Kalākaua and sometimes called The Merrie Monarch, was the last king (and second to last monarch) of the Kingdom of Hawaii.", "Kalākaua __knowledge__ He reigned from February 12, 1874 until his death in San Francisco, California, on January 20, 1891.", "Kalākaua __knowledge__ Kalākaua had a convivial personality and enjoyed entertaining guests with his singing and ukulele playing.", "Kalākaua __knowledge__ At his coronation and his birthday jubilee, the hula that had been banned from public in the kingdom became a celebration of Hawaiian culture.", "Kalākaua __knowledge__ During his reign, the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875 brought great prosperity to the kingdom.", "Ralph Simpson Kuykendall __knowledge__ Ralph Simpson Kuykendall (April 12, 1885 – May 9, 1963) was an American historian who served as the trustee and secretary of the Hawaiian Historical Society from 1922 to 1932.", "Ralph Simpson Kuykendall __knowledge__ Kuykendall also served as professor of history at the University of Hawaii at Manoa.", "Ralph Simpson Kuykendall __knowledge__ He is most noted as a historian of the Hawaiian Islands, South Pacific, and Pacific Northwest.", "Ralph Simpson Kuykendall __knowledge__ Kuykendall was born in Linden, California.", "Ralph Simpson Kuykendall __knowledge__ His parents Reverend John Wesley Kuykendall and Marilla Persis Pierce were both Methodist missionaries and descendants of Dutch settlers from New York.", "Ralph Simpson Kuykendall __knowledge__ In 1919 Kuykendall married Edith Clare Kelly from Hollister, California.", "Honolulu Rail Transit __knowledge__ The Honolulu Rail Transit Project (also known as the Honolulu High-Capacity Transit Corridor Project) is an urban rail rapid transit system under construction in Honolulu County, Oahu, Hawaii.", "Honolulu Rail Transit __knowledge__ The mostly-elevated system features design elements from both heavy rail systems and light metros, with a commuter rail-like design incorporated into trains and suburban stations.", "Honolulu Rail Transit __knowledge__ It will become the first large-scale publicly run metro system in the United States to feature platform screen doors.", "Honolulu Rail Transit __knowledge__ The first phase of the project, linking East Kapolei and Aloha Stadium, is scheduled to open in late 2020, while the second phase of the project continuing the line to Ala Moana Center across urban Honolulu is due to open in December 2025." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Peter Gene Hernandez (born October 8, 1985), known professionally as Bruno Mars, is an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, and choreographer.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Born and raised in Honolulu, Hawaii, by a family of musicians, Mars began making music at a young age and performed in various musical venues in his hometown throughout his childhood.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ He graduated from high school and moved to Los Angeles to pursue a musical career.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ After being dropped by Motown Records, Mars signed a recording contract with Atlantic Records in 2009.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ In 2009, he co-founded the production team The Smeezingtons, responsible for the singles \"Nothin' on You\" by B.o.B and \"Billionaire\" by Travie McCoy.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ He featured on the hooks for both singles, becoming recognized as a solo artist.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ His debut studio album \"Doo-Wops & Hooligans\" (2010) included the international and U.S \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number one singles \"Just the Way You Are\" and \"Grenade\", as well as the number-four single \"The Lazy Song\".", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Mars' second album, \"Unorthodox Jukebox\" (2012), was number one in the United States.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Its singles \"Locked Out of Heaven\" and \"When I Was Your Man\" reached number one in the US, while \"Treasure\" became a number-five single.", "Obsessed (Mariah Carey song) __knowledge__ \"Obsessed\" is a song by American singer Mariah Carey from her twelfth studio album, \"Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel\" (2009).", "Obsessed (Mariah Carey song) __knowledge__ The song was written and produced by Carey, Terius \"The-Dream\" Nash and Christopher \"Tricky\" Stewart, and was released as the album's lead single on June 16, 2009 by Island Records.", "Obsessed (Mariah Carey song) __knowledge__ The song draws musical influences from R&B and hip hop music, and is built around a thumping bass line.", "Obsessed (Mariah Carey song) __knowledge__ Additionally, the song is accentuated by hand claps, while Carey's voice is processed with Auto-Tune.", "Obsessed (Mariah Carey song) __knowledge__ Lyrically, the song describes Mariah's dilemma regarding constant claims of a prior relationship from rapper Eminem, although he is not specifically mentioned.", "Francis Rowland Scarlett __knowledge__ Air Vice Marshal Francis Rowland Scarlett, (18 May 1875 – 15 April 1934) was a senior Royal Air Force commander.", "Francis Rowland Scarlett __knowledge__ Francis Rowland Scarlett was born on 18 May 1875, the son of Lieutenant Colonel William James Scarlett.", "Francis Rowland Scarlett __knowledge__ At the age of 29 he married Dora Blakiston-Houston, the daughter of John Blakiston-Houston, an Irish Unionist Party politician.", "Francis Rowland Scarlett __knowledge__ He was the father of Air Vice Marshal James Rowland Scarlett-Streatfeild who was killed serving in the Second World War.", "Francis Rowland Scarlett __knowledge__ Scarlett joined the Royal Navy in (or around) 1891, and held the rank of lieutenant when in July 1902 he was posted as 1st lieutenant on the training ship HMS \"Caledonia\", anchored at the Firth of Forth.", "Adult Contemporary (chart) __knowledge__ The Adult Contemporary chart is published weekly by \"Billboard\" magazine and lists the most popular songs on adult contemporary radio stations in the United States.", "Adult Contemporary (chart) __knowledge__ The chart is compiled based on airplay data submitted to \"Billboard\" by stations that are members of the Adult Contemporary radio panel.", "Adult Contemporary (chart) __knowledge__ The chart debuted in \"Billboard\" magazine on July 17, 1961.", "Adult Contemporary (chart) __knowledge__ Over the years, the chart has gone under a series of name changes, being called Easy Listening , Middle-Road Singles , Pop-Standard Singles , Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks and Adult Contemporary .", "Adult Contemporary (chart) __knowledge__ The \"Billboard\" Easy Listening chart, as it was first known, was born of a desire by some radio stations in the late 1950s and early 1960s to continue playing current hit songs but distinguish themselves from being branded as \"rock and roll\" stations.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ Gag Concert () is a Korean sketch-comedy TV show on KBS 2TV network.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ It began airing in September 1999 and is the oldest of South Korea current comedy programs.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ The show is recorded on Wednesdays and airs on KBS 2TV on Sundays at 9:15 PM.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ The show airs with English subtitles after two weeks on KBS World TV on Saturdays at 6:00 PM.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ \"※ As of 7 January 2018\" \"(Korean: 아무말 대잔치, Starring: Jang Kiyeong, Park Yeongjin, Hong Hwon, Shin Jongryeong, Song Junseok)\" The contest that allows you to say anything.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ Contestants usually say the opposite of what one would expect them to say based on the context.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ \"(Korean: 명훈아 명훈아 명훈아, Starring: Jeong Myeonghun, Kim Minkyeong, Oh Nami, Lee Hyeonjeong)\" Three glamorous ladies try to entice Jeong Myeonghun with their charms.", "Riblja Čorba __knowledge__ Riblja Čorba (Serbian Cyrillic: Рибља Чорба, pronounced ; translation: \"Fish Stew\") is a Serbian and Yugoslav rock band from Belgrade.", "Riblja Čorba __knowledge__ The band was one of the most popular and most influential acts of the Yugoslav rock scene.", "Riblja Čorba __knowledge__ Riblja Čorba was formed in 1978 by vocalist Bora Đorđević, guitarist Rajko Kojić, bass guitarist Miša Aleksić and drummer Vicko Milatović.", "Riblja Čorba __knowledge__ Their debut release, the single \"Lutka sa naslovne strane\" (1978), saw huge success and launched them to fame.", "Riblja Čorba __knowledge__ They were soon joined by guitarist Momčilo Bajagić \"Bajaga\", the new lineup releasing the album \"Kost u grlu\" (1979), which was, largely due to Đorđević's social-related lyrics, a huge commercial and critical success.", "Paper Planes __knowledge__ \"Paper Planes\" is a song by British rapper M.I.A.", "Paper Planes __knowledge__ from her second studio album, \"Kala\" (2007).", "Paper Planes __knowledge__ The song was written by M.I.A.", "Paper Planes __knowledge__ and Diplo.", "Paper Planes __knowledge__ The song's backing track is a replayed sample of the 1982 song \"Straight to Hell\" by The Clash, and the members of The Clash are credited as co-writers of the song.", "Paper Planes __knowledge__ The chorus of \"Paper Planes\" was widely speculated to be based on the chorus to the 1992 song \"Rump Shaker\" by Wreckx-N-Effect, although that song's writers are not credited.", "Paper Planes __knowledge__ It was produced by Diplo with additional production by Switch.", "Paper Planes __knowledge__ \"Paper Planes\" was released for download in August 2007 and as the album's third single by XL Recordings and Interscope Records on 11 February 2008.", "James Scarlett-Streatfeild __knowledge__ Air Vice Marshal James Rowland Scarlett-Streatfeild (17 February 1909 – 10 May 1945), was a senior commander in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War killed in an air crash as he travelled to accept the surrender of German forces in Norway.", "James Scarlett-Streatfeild __knowledge__ James Rowland Scarlett was born at Southsea, Hampshire one of the sons of Air Vice Marshal Francis Rowland Scarlett CB DSO and Dora Scarlett (née Blakiston-Houston).", "James Scarlett-Streatfeild __knowledge__ His father was an early naval aviator and his grandfather had been colonel of the 5th Dragoon Guards.", "James Scarlett-Streatfeild __knowledge__ He was a member of the Streatfeild family of Rossington Hall, Bawtry, and added the Streatfeild to his own name in 1939.", "Unorthodox Jukebox __knowledge__ Unorthodox Jukebox is the second studio album by American singer and songwriter Bruno Mars.", "Unorthodox Jukebox __knowledge__ It was released on December 7, 2012, by Atlantic Records.", "Unorthodox Jukebox __knowledge__ It serves as the follow-up to Mars' debut record \"Doo-Wops & Hooligans\" (2010).", "Unorthodox Jukebox __knowledge__ The album was initially planned to be more \"energetic\" than his previous work, but, it ended presenting a wide range of styles such as reggae rock, disco and soul music.", "Unorthodox Jukebox __knowledge__ The singer co-wrote the whole record and worked with several past collaborators, while enlisting new producers and no guest vocalists.", "Unorthodox Jukebox __knowledge__ Lyrically, \"Unorthodox Jukebox\" revolves around the theme of relationships, incorporating more explicit lyrics and subjects than his previous material.", "Locked Out of Heaven __knowledge__ \"Locked Out of Heaven\" is a song by American singer Bruno Mars from his second studio album, \"Unorthodox Jukebox\" (2012).", "Locked Out of Heaven __knowledge__ It was released as the lead single from the album on October 1, 2012.", "Locked Out of Heaven __knowledge__ The song was written by Mars, Philip Lawrence and Ari Levine of The Smeezingtons, and produced by Mark Ronson, Jeff Bhasker, Emile Haynie and The Smeezingtons.", "Locked Out of Heaven __knowledge__ \"Locked Out of Heaven\" is a reggae rock song influenced by new wave and funk.", "Locked Out of Heaven __knowledge__ The song's lyrics are about the rapturous feelings brought about by a relationship infused with positive emotion as well as euphoria from sex.", "Locked Out of Heaven __knowledge__ \"Locked Out of Heaven\" was well received by most critics, some of whom complimented Mars' different musical direction.", "When I Was Your Man __knowledge__ \"When I Was Your Man\" is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Bruno Mars for his second studio album, \"Unorthodox Jukebox\" (2012).", "When I Was Your Man __knowledge__ Atlantic Records released the song as the third promotional single and as the second official single, taken from the album, to mainstream radio in the United States on January 15, 2013.", "When I Was Your Man __knowledge__ \"When I Was Your Man\" was written by Bruno Mars, Philip Lawrence, Ari Levine and Andrew Wyatt; with Mars, Lawrence and Levine credited for composing the song as well.", "When I Was Your Man __knowledge__ The pop song is an emotional piano ballad with lyrics describing the heartbreak and regret Mars felt from letting his lover get away, and his expressed hope that her new man will give her all the love and attention that he failed to provide.", "Gorilla (song) __knowledge__ \"Gorilla\" is a song by American recording artist Bruno Mars from his 2012 studio album \"Unorthodox Jukebox\".", "Gorilla (song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Mars, Philip Lawrence and Ari Levine, while production was handled by the former along with Emile Haynie, Jeff Bhasker and Mark Ronson, who had all previously co-produced the single \"Locked Out of Heaven\" for the same album.", "Gorilla (song) __knowledge__ Atlantic Records serviced the track to Contemporary hit radio in the United States on September 10, 2013, as the fourth single from \"Unorthodox Jukebox\".", "Gorilla (song) __knowledge__ The official remix (G-Mix) of the song features American singers Pharrell Williams and R. Kelly, and was released in Canada and US on November 12.", "Young Girls __knowledge__ \"Young Girls\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Bruno Mars.", "Young Girls __knowledge__ It was composed by Bruno Mars, Philip Lawrence and Ari Levine, Jeff Bhasker, Emile Haynie, with additional songwriter credits by Mac Davis, for Mars' second studio album \"Unorthodox Jukebox\" (2012).", "Young Girls __knowledge__ \"Young Girls\" is a midtempo pop ballad, which incorporates elements of doo-wop, and reminiscent of Mars' \"It Will Rain\" and Lana Del Rey's music.", "Young Girls __knowledge__ Its music is largely based on drums, synths, piano and \"bits of\" electronic music.", "Young Girls __knowledge__ \"Young Girls\" was released as the first promotional single and later as the fifth overall single from \"Unorthodox Jukebox\", being first serviced to Contemporary hit radio in Australia on November 26, 2013.", "Treasure (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ \"Treasure\" is a song recorded by Bruno Mars for his second studio album, titled \"Unorthodox Jukebox\" (2012).", "Treasure (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ It is inspired by Breakbot's song \"Baby I'm Yours\".", "Treasure (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ \"Treasure\" was written by Mars himself along with Philip Lawrence, Ari Levine and Phredley Brown, while production was handled by Mars, Lawrence and Levine under the name The Smeezingtons.", "Treasure (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ The song is the album's fourth track and was selected as its third single by Atlantic Records.", "Treasure (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ \"Treasure\" was first released to mainstream radio in Italy on May 10, 2013, through Warner Music.", "Treasure (Bruno Mars song) __knowledge__ The track details Mars' band time of party and fun: Philip Lawrence described it as \"the kind of song where the whole band can get up and jam\"." ] ]

[ 1, 5, 2, 8, 9 ]

[ "Peter Gene Hernandez (born October 8, 1985), known professionally as Bruno Mars i really enjoy his musci as well", "In 2009, he co-founded the production team The Smeezingtons and also his first albumb", "im not sure but i know he is Born and raised in Honolulu, Hawaii.", "Mars' second album, Unorthodox Jukebox 2012, was number one in the United States. and he has many others that have done the same", "Its singles \"Locked Out of Heaven\" and \"When I Was Your Man\" and many others have reached the top charts in the us" ]

[ "Bruno Mars", "Bruno Mars", "Bruno Mars", "Bruno Mars", "Bruno Mars" ]

[ "Traffic collision\nHi there, ", "yeah, you are right", "While I can't agree with you more, some of them are truly not avoidable, as \"to err is human\". I am a very careful driver but once I pressed the gas by accident when reversing", "No one got hurt, just some scratches in the back of the car, as it was in the parking lot" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ A traffic collision, also called a motor vehicle collision (MVC) among other terms, occurs when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other stationary obstruction, such as a tree, pole or building.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Traffic collisions often result in injury, death, and property damage.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ A number of factors contribute to the risk of collision, including vehicle design, speed of operation, road design, road environment, and driver skill, impairment due to alcohol or drugs, and behavior, notably speeding and street racing.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Worldwide, motor vehicle collisions lead to death and disability as well as financial costs to both society and the individuals involved.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ In 2013, 54 million people sustained injuries from traffic collisions.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ This resulted in 1.4 million deaths in 2013, up from 1.1 million deaths in 1990.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ About 68,000 of these occurred in children less than five years old.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Almost all high-income countries have decreasing death rates, while the majority of low-income countries have increasing death rates due to traffic collisions.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Middle-income countries have the highest rate with 20 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, 80% of all road fatalities by only 52% of all vehicles.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ Hi-5 are an Australian children's musical group formed in 1998, who are associated with the children's television series of the same name.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ As of December 2016, the members are Lachie Dearing, Courtney Clarke, Shay Clifford, Joe Kalou and Bailey Spalding.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The group is aimed at preschoolers, composed of five performers who entertain and educate children through music, movement and play.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ \"Hi-5\" was created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans, initially a television series for the Nine Network, which premiered in 1999.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The cast of the show became a recognised musical group for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The original members were Kellie Crawford, Kathleen de Leon Jones, Nathan Foley, Tim Harding and Charli Robinson.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ The 2009–10 season is Sunderland's third consecutive season in the top division of English football, the Premier League.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Ricky Sbragia was replaced by Steve Bruce in the close season.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ His aim is to improve on the club's 16th position the previous season.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Darren Bent was the top scorer in the Premier League with 24 goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Andy Reid was the top scorer in the League Cup with two goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Fraizer Campbell was the top scorer in the FA Cup with two goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Darren Bent was the top scorer in all competitions with 25 goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ At the end of the season, Darren Bent won both the club's official Player of the Season and the SAFC Supporters' Association awards.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ In January 2004, Sony announced the Hi-MD media storage format as a further development of the MiniDisc format.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ With its release in later 2004, came the ability to use newly developed, high-capacity 1 gigabyte Hi-MD discs, sporting the same dimensions as regular MiniDiscs.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ The Hi-MD format can be considered obsolete as the last recorder/player was discontinued in 2011.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ The discs themselves were withdrawn from sale in September 2012, though regular MiniDiscs are still available ().", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ Hi-MD offers the choice of several codecs for audio recording: PCM, Hi-SP and Hi-LP, each selectable on the Hi-MD Walkman itself.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ Hi-5 is an Australian children's television series, originally produced by Kids Like Us and later Southern Star for the Nine Network and created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The program is known for its educational content, and for the cast of the program, who became a recognised musical group for children outside of the series, known collectively as Hi-5.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ It has generated discussion about what is considered appropriate television for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The series premiered in April 1999 on the Nine Network.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The series is designed for a pre-school audience, featuring five performers who educate and entertain through music, movement and play.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ A hi-hat, also spelled hihat or high-hat, is a combination of two cymbals, a foot-operated pedal which moves a rod which in turn moves one of the cymbals, all mounted on a metal stand.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ Hihats are an essential part of the standard drum kit used by drummers in many popular music (e.g.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ every genre of rock music) and traditional music (e.g.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ blues) styles.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ It consists of a mating pair of small to medium-sized cymbals mounted on a stand, with the two cymbals facing each other.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ The bottom cymbal is fixed and the top is mounted on a rod which moves the top cymbal towards the bottom one when a foot pedal is depressed (a hihat that is in this position is said to be \"closed\" or \"closed hihats\").", "Delco Hi-Q __knowledge__ Delco Hi-Q, formerly Kimberly-Clark Hi-Q, or just Hi-Q is an academic quiz competition in Delaware County, Pennsylvania.", "Delco Hi-Q __knowledge__ It was founded in 1948, and is now an intracounty competition of high school students in six different states: Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Washington, Ohio, Florida, and Alabama.", "Delco Hi-Q __knowledge__ Delco Hi-Q is the oldest continuous academic quiz competition in the United States.", "Delco Hi-Q __knowledge__ It was started as radio quiz program for high school students in Delaware County, Pennsylvania by the Scott Paper Company, which ran it as a community relations program.", "Delco Hi-Q __knowledge__ \"Hi\" represented \"High School\" and \"Q\" represented \"I.Q.\"", "The Fugitive: Plan B __knowledge__ The Fugitive: Plan B () is a 2010 South Korean action television series, starring Rain and Lee Na-young.", "The Fugitive: Plan B __knowledge__ It aired on KBS2 from September 29 to December 8, 2010 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 20 episodes.", "The Fugitive: Plan B __knowledge__ The series was directed by Kwak Jung-hwan and written by Cheon Sung-il, the same team behind \"The Slave Hunters\".", "The Fugitive: Plan B __knowledge__ The rights to the series were sold to seven countries in Asia including Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, Thailand, Hong Kong, China, Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia.", "The Fugitive: Plan B __knowledge__ Prior to the series' timeline, Ji-woo (Rain), a young, rich and cunning Korean private investigator handled the case of an Asian couple who died at a casino in Las Vegas." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ A traffic collision, also called a motor vehicle collision (MVC) among other terms, occurs when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other stationary obstruction, such as a tree, pole or building.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Traffic collisions often result in injury, death, and property damage.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ A number of factors contribute to the risk of collision, including vehicle design, speed of operation, road design, road environment, and driver skill, impairment due to alcohol or drugs, and behavior, notably speeding and street racing.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Worldwide, motor vehicle collisions lead to death and disability as well as financial costs to both society and the individuals involved.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ In 2013, 54 million people sustained injuries from traffic collisions.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ This resulted in 1.4 million deaths in 2013, up from 1.1 million deaths in 1990.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ About 68,000 of these occurred in children less than five years old.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Almost all high-income countries have decreasing death rates, while the majority of low-income countries have increasing death rates due to traffic collisions.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Middle-income countries have the highest rate with 20 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, 80% of all road fatalities by only 52% of all vehicles.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ is a song by American singer Usher.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ He co-wrote the song with Sean Garrett, Patrick J. Que Smith, Robert McDowell, LRoc, Ludacris, Da'Ron, and Lil Jon.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ It also features guest vocals from Lil Jon and Ludacris, with the former also producing the song as well as incorporating crunk and R&B—which he coined as crunk&B—in the song's production.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was released as the lead single from Usher's fourth studio album \"Confessions\" (2004) on January 27, 2004, after Usher was told by Arista Records, his label at the time, to record more tracks for the album.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ topped the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for 12 consecutive weeks, before being dethroned by Usher's follow-up single \"Burn\".", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show \"Total Request Live\" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the \"Billboard\" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ January 2: \"Lose Yourself\" - Eminem January 3: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 6: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 7: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 8: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 9: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 10: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 13: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 14: \"All I Have\" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J January 15: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 16: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 17: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 22: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 23: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 24: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 28: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 29: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 30: \"Bump, Bump, Bump\" - B2K featuring P. Diddy January 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 3: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 4: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 7: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 10: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 11: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 12: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: \"Why I Love You\" - B2K February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: \"Larger Than Life\" - Backstreet Boys February 18: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 19: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 20: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 21: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 24: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 25: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 26: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake February 27: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 28: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 3: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 4: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 7: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 10: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 11: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 12: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 14: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 17: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 18: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 19: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq March 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 24: \"The Hell Song\" - Sum 41 March 25: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 26: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 1: \"Girlfriend\" - B2K April 2: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 3: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 4: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 7: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 8: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 9: \"Addicted\" - Simple Plan April 10: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 11: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 15: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 16: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 17: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 18: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 22: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 23: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 24: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 25: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 28: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 29: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 30: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 1: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 2: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 5: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 6: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 7: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 8: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 9: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 12: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 13: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 15: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 19: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 20: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 22: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 26: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 27: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 28: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 29: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 30: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 2: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 3: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 4: \"Rock Wit U\" - Ashanti June 5: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 9: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 10: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 11: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 12: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 16: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 17: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 18: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 19: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 23: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 24: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 26: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 30: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 1: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 2: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 3: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 7: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 8: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 9: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: \"Girlfriend ( Remix )\"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly July 11: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 14: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 15: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 16: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 17: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 18: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 21: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 22: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 23: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: \"Without Me\" - Eminem July 25: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 28: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 29: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 30: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 31: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 1: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 4: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 5: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 6: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 7: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 8: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 11: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 12: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 13: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 14: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 15: August 18: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 19: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 20: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 21: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 26: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 27: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy August 28: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 29: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 2: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 3: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 4: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 5: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 8: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 9: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 10: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 11: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 12: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 15: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 17: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 18: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 19: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 23: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 24: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 25: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 26: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 29: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 30: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 1: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 2: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 3: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell October 6: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 7: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul October 8: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 9: \"Perfect\" - Simple Plan October 10: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 14: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 15: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 17: \"Trouble\" - P!nk October 18: \"Trouble\" - Pink October 21: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 23: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 27: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 28: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 29: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 30: \"Will You\" - P. O. D. October 31: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 3: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 4: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 5: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 6: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 7: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 11: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 12: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 13: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 14: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 17: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 18: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 19: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 20: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 24: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 25: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 1: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 2: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 3: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 4: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 5: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 8: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 11: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 16: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 17: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 18: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 19: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 22: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 23: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 29: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit December 30: Song Of The Year: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 5: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 6: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 7: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 8: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 13: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 14: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 16: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 19: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 21: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 22: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 26: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 27: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 28: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 29: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 30: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver February 2: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 9: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 10: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 11: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 12: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 13: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte February 16: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 17: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 18: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 19: \"Sorry 2004\" - Ruben Studdard February 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 23: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 24: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 25: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon February 27: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 2: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 3: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 4: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 5: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 8: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears March 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 10: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 11: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 15: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 16: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 17: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 18: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 22: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 23: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 24: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 25: \"My Band\" - D12 March 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 29: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 30: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 31: \"My Band\" - D12 April 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 5: \"Naughty Girl\" - Beyoncé April 6: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 7: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 8: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 13: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 14: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 15: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 16: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 19: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 20: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 21: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 22: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 23: \"My Band\" - D12 April 26: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 27: \"My Band\" - D12 April 28: \"My Band\" - D12 April 29: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears May 3: \"My Band\" - D12 May 4: \"My Band\" - D12 May 5: \"My Band\" - D12 May 6: \"My Band\" - D12 May 7: \"My Band\" - D12 May 10: \"My Band\" - D12 May 11: \"My Band\" - D12 May 17: \"My Band\" - D12 May 18: \"Burn\" - Usher May 19: \"Burn\" - Usher May 20: \"Burn\" - Usher May 21: \"Burn\" - Usher May 24: \"My Band\" - D12 May 25: \"Burn\" - Usher May 26: \"Burn\" - Usher May 27: \"My Band\" - D12 May 28: \"My Band\" - D12 May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 1: \"Burn\" - Usher June 2: \"Burn\" - Usher June 3: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 4: \"My Band\" - D12 June 7: \"My Band\" - D12 June 8: \"Burn\" - Usher June 9: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: \"Forgot About Dre\" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem June 11: \"Burn\" - Usher June 14: \"Burn\" - Usher June 15: \"How Come\" - D12 June 16: \"How Come\" - D12 June 17: \"How Come\" - D12 June 18: \"How Come\" - D12 June 21: \"How Come\" - D12 June 22: \"How Come\" - D12 June 23: \"Leave (Get Out)\" - JoJo June 24: \"How Come\" - D12 June 25: \"How Come\" - D12 June 28: \"Leave ( Get Out )\" - JoJo June 29: \"How Come\" - D12 June 30: \"Confessions Pt.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ Yeah Yeah Yeahs is an American indie rock band formed in New York City in 2000.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ The group is composed of vocalist and pianist Karen O, guitarist and keyboardist Nick Zinner, and drummer Brian Chase.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ They are complemented in live performances by second guitarist David Pajo, who joined as a touring member in 2009 and replaced Imaad Wasif who had previously held this role.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ According to an interview that aired during the ABC network's \"Live from Central Park SummerStage\" series, the band's name was taken from modern New York City vernacular.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ The band has recorded four studio albums; the first, \"Fever to Tell\", was released in 2003.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ Confessions is the fourth studio album by American singer Usher.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ It was released on March 23, 2004, by Arista Records.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ Recording sessions for the album took place during 2003 to 2004, with its production handled by his longtime collaborator Jermaine Dupri, along with Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and Lil Jon, among others.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ Primarily an R&B album, \"Confessions\" showcases Usher as a crooner through a mixture of ballads and up-tempos, incorporating musical genres of dance-pop, hip hop and crunk.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ The album's themes generated controversy about Usher's personal relationships; however, the album's primary producer Jermaine Dupri claimed the album reflects Dupri's own personal story.", "Yeah! Yeah! Die! Die! Death Metal Symphony in Deep C __knowledge__ Yeah!", "Yeah! Yeah! Die! Die! Death Metal Symphony in Deep C __knowledge__ Yeah!", "Yeah! Yeah! Die! Die! Death Metal Symphony in Deep C __knowledge__ Die!", "Yeah! Yeah! Die! Die! Death Metal Symphony in Deep C __knowledge__ Die!", "Yeah! Yeah! Die! Die! Death Metal Symphony in Deep C __knowledge__ (Death Metal Symphony in Deep C) is the sixth studio album by Waltari that combines death metal with classical music.", "Yeah! Yeah! Die! Die! Death Metal Symphony in Deep C __knowledge__ Originally, \"Yeah!", "Yeah! Yeah! Die! Die! Death Metal Symphony in Deep C __knowledge__ Yeah!", "Yeah! Yeah! Die! Die! Death Metal Symphony in Deep C __knowledge__ Die!", "Yeah! Yeah! Die! Die! Death Metal Symphony in Deep C __knowledge__ Die!\"", "Yeah! Yeah! Die! Die! Death Metal Symphony in Deep C __knowledge__ was written as a stage show.", "Yeah! Yeah! Die! Die! Death Metal Symphony in Deep C __knowledge__ After the show's premiere performance in 1995 at the Helsinki Music Festival, it was recorded and finally released in May 1996.", "Yeah! Yeah! Die! Die! Death Metal Symphony in Deep C __knowledge__ \"Yeah!", "Yeah! Yeah! Die! Die! Death Metal Symphony in Deep C __knowledge__ Yeah!", "Yeah! Yeah! Die! Die! Death Metal Symphony in Deep C __knowledge__ Die!", "Yeah! Yeah! Die! Die! Death Metal Symphony in Deep C __knowledge__ Die!\"", "Yeah! Yeah! Die! Die! Death Metal Symphony in Deep C __knowledge__ was written by Kärtsy Hatakka between 1992 and 1995.", "Yeah! Yeah! Die! Die! Death Metal Symphony in Deep C __knowledge__ By the end of 1994, Hatakka got in contact with Riku Niemi, a Finnish conductor, composer and leader of Avanti!", "Yeah! Yeah! Die! Die! Death Metal Symphony in Deep C __knowledge__ symphony orchestra.", "Yeah! Yeah! Die! Die! Death Metal Symphony in Deep C __knowledge__ After Niemi became involved in the project, Hatakka finalized the work and Niemi arranged it for symphony orchestra.", "Global storm activity of 2007 __knowledge__ Very rarely, they may form in summer, though it would have to be an abnormally cold summer, such as the summer of 1816 in the Northeast United States of America.", "Global storm activity of 2007 __knowledge__ In many locations in the Northern Hemisphere, the most powerful winter storms usually occur in March and, in regions where temperatures are cold enough, April.", "Global storm activity of 2007 __knowledge__ A low pressure brought up heavy snow and blizzard conditions across the Canadian Prairies.", "Global storm activity of 2007 __knowledge__ Snowfall locally reached between 8 inches (20 cm) to 1 foot (30 cm) in parts of Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba.", "Global storm activity of 2007 __knowledge__ Particularly hard-hit was central Saskatchewan, including the city of Saskatoon.", "Luchemos por la vida __knowledge__ Luchemos por la Vida (Spanish for \"Let's fight for life\") is a nonprofit organization whose purpose is to help prevent traffic accidents in Argentina.", "Luchemos por la vida __knowledge__ It promotes road traffic safety and focuses its efforts in contributing to safe behavior in the traffic system.", "Luchemos por la vida __knowledge__ The organization does not receive financial support from government agencies and is mainly held by the effort of volunteers, help from private firms, and services provided to the community.", "Luchemos por la vida __knowledge__ In 2010 there were 21 deaths per day in Argentina (nearly 7,600 in the course of the year), more than 100,000 injured people, and severe material losses due to traffic accidents.", "Winter of 2009–10 in Europe __knowledge__ The winter of 2009–2010 in Europe was unusually cold.", "Winter of 2009–10 in Europe __knowledge__ Globally, unusual weather patterns brought cold, moist air from the north.", "Winter of 2009–10 in Europe __knowledge__ Weather systems were undergoing cyclogenesis from North American storms moving across the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and saw many parts of Europe experiencing heavy snowfall and record-low temperatures.", "Winter of 2009–10 in Europe __knowledge__ This led to a number of deaths, widespread transport disruption, power failures and postponed sporting events.", "Winter of 2009–10 in Europe __knowledge__ The cold weather was caused by high pressure over Greenland and Iceland forcing weather patterns southward, a phenomenon described by meteorologists as the Arctic Oscillation and also the North Atlantic Oscillation which were negative compared to normal.", "Global storm activity of 2010 __knowledge__ The global storm activity of 2010 includes major meteorological events in the Earth's atmosphere during the year, including winter storms (blizzards, ice storms, European windstorms), hailstorms, out of season monsoon rain storms, extratropical cyclones, gales, microbursts, flooding, rainstorms, tropical cyclones, and other severe weather events.", "Global storm activity of 2010 __knowledge__ The thunderstorm season for the Northern Hemisphere began near spring, beginning on March 1, and ending on August 31.", "Global storm activity of 2010 __knowledge__ Fresh overnight snowfall on New Year's Eve and New Year's Day caused disruption in north east England, with roads across Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, County Durham and Teesside affected.", "Billboard __knowledge__ A billboard (also called a hoarding in the UK and many other parts of the world) is a large outdoor advertising structure (a billing board), typically found in high-traffic areas such as alongside busy roads.", "Billboard __knowledge__ Billboards present large advertisements to passing pedestrians and drivers.", "Billboard __knowledge__ Typically showing witty slogans and distinctive visuals, billboards are highly visible in the top designated market areas.", "Billboard __knowledge__ The largest ordinary-sized billboards are located primarily on major highways, expressways or principal arterials, and command high-density consumer exposure (mostly to vehicular traffic).", "Billboard __knowledge__ These afford greatest visibility due not only to their size, but because they allow creative \"customizing\" through extensions and embellishments.", "Autonomous car __knowledge__ An autonomous car (also known as a driverless car, self-driving car, robotic car) and unmanned ground vehicle is a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and navigating without human input.", "Autonomous car __knowledge__ Autonomous cars use a variety of techniques to detect their surroundings, such as radar, laser light, GPS, odometry and computer vision.", "Autonomous car __knowledge__ Advanced control systems interpret sensory information to identify appropriate navigation paths, as well as obstacles and relevant signage.", "Autonomous car __knowledge__ Autonomous cars must have control systems that are capable of analyzing sensory data to distinguish between different cars on the road.", "Controlled-access highway __knowledge__ A controlled-access highway is a type of highway which has been designed for high-speed vehicular traffic, with all traffic flow and ingress/egress regulated.", "Controlled-access highway __knowledge__ Common English terms are freeway (in Australia, South Africa and parts of the United States and Canada), motorway (in the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand and parts of Australia), expressway (in some parts of Canada, parts of the United States, and many Asian countries), and autoroute (in Québec, Canada).", "Controlled-access highway __knowledge__ Other similar terms include \"Interstate\" and \"parkway\".", "Controlled-access highway __knowledge__ Some of these may be limited-access highways, although this term can also refer to a class of highway with somewhat less isolation from other traffic." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ A traffic collision, also called a motor vehicle collision (MVC) among other terms, occurs when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other stationary obstruction, such as a tree, pole or building.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Traffic collisions often result in injury, death, and property damage.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ A number of factors contribute to the risk of collision, including vehicle design, speed of operation, road design, road environment, and driver skill, impairment due to alcohol or drugs, and behavior, notably speeding and street racing.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Worldwide, motor vehicle collisions lead to death and disability as well as financial costs to both society and the individuals involved.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ In 2013, 54 million people sustained injuries from traffic collisions.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ This resulted in 1.4 million deaths in 2013, up from 1.1 million deaths in 1990.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ About 68,000 of these occurred in children less than five years old.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Almost all high-income countries have decreasing death rates, while the majority of low-income countries have increasing death rates due to traffic collisions.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Middle-income countries have the highest rate with 20 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, 80% of all road fatalities by only 52% of all vehicles.", "Reichsleiter Rosenberg Taskforce __knowledge__ The Reichsleiter Rosenberg Taskforce ( or \"ERR\") was a Nazi Party organization dedicated to appropriating cultural property during the Second World War.", "Reichsleiter Rosenberg Taskforce __knowledge__ It was led by the chief ideologue of the Nazi Party, Alfred Rosenberg, from within the NSDAP Office of Foreign Affairs (\"Außenpolitischen Amt der NSDAP\" or \"APA\").", "Reichsleiter Rosenberg Taskforce __knowledge__ Between 1940 and 1945, the ERR operated in France, the Benelux countries, Poland, the Baltic States, Greece, Italy and on the territory of the Soviet Union in the \"Reichskommissariat Ostland\" and \"Reichskommissariat Ukraine\".", "Reichsleiter Rosenberg Taskforce __knowledge__ Much of the looted material was recovered by the Allies after the war, and returned to rightful owners, but there remains a substantial part that has been lost or remains with the Allied powers.", "The Mooninites __knowledge__ Ignignokt and Err (known collectively as The Mooninites) are fictional characters on the Adult Swim animated television series \"Aqua Teen Hunger Force\" (also known by various alternative titles).", "The Mooninites __knowledge__ Ignignokt and Err are both two dimensional alien villains from the Moon who frequently visit Earth and cause senseless destruction and chaos for the main protagonists.", "The Mooninites __knowledge__ Ignignokt is the larger of the two who frequently appears as more calm and patient, whereas Err appears more temperamental and hyper.", "The Mooninites __knowledge__ Both characters were created by series creators Dave Willis and Matt Maiellaro.", "The Mooninites __knowledge__ Willis provides the voice of Ignignokt and Maiellaro provides the voice of Err.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ Field Marshal John Denton Pinkstone French, 1st Earl of Ypres, (28 September 1852 – 22 May 1925), known as Sir John French from 1901 to 1916, and as The Viscount French between 1916 and 1922, was a senior British Army officer.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ Born in Kent to an Anglo-Irish family, he saw brief service as a midshipman in the Royal Navy, before becoming a cavalry officer.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ He achieved rapid promotion and distinguished himself on the Gordon Relief Expedition.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ French had a considerable reputation as a womaniser throughout his life and his career nearly ended when he was cited in the divorce of a brother officer whilst in India in the early 1890s.", "Nazi plunder __knowledge__ Nazi plunder refers to art theft and other items stolen as a result of the organized looting of European countries during the time of the Third Reich by agents acting on behalf of the ruling Nazi Party of Germany.", "Nazi plunder __knowledge__ Plundering occurred from 1933 until the end of World War II, particularly by military units known as the Kunstschutz, although most plunder was acquired during the war.", "Nazi plunder __knowledge__ In addition to gold, silver and currency, cultural items of great significance were stolen, including paintings, ceramics, books, and religious treasures.", "Nazi plunder __knowledge__ Although most of these items were recovered by agents of the Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives program (MFAA, also known as the Monuments Men), on behalf of the Allies immediately following the war, many are still missing.", "Diving safety __knowledge__ The safety of underwater diving depends on four factors: the environment, the equipment, behaviour of the individual diver and performance of the dive team.", "Diving safety __knowledge__ The underwater environment can impose severe physical and psychological stress on a diver, and is mostly beyond the diver's control.", "Diving safety __knowledge__ Equipment is used to operate underwater for anything beyond very short periods, and the reliable function of some of the equipment is critical to even short term survival.", "Diving safety __knowledge__ Other equipment allows the diver to operate in relative comfort and efficiency.", "Diving safety __knowledge__ The performance of the individual diver depends on learned skills, many of which are not intuitive, and the performance of the team depends on communication and common goals.", "List of Cha$e episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes of the Sci Fi Channel game show \"Cha$e\".", "List of Cha$e episodes __knowledge__ Gameboard: The Harbor 1.0 \"Note: In this and subsequent tables, \"Lost\" means the player had not been captured when the game ended (either as time expired or a contestant reached the exit point).", "List of Cha$e episodes __knowledge__ Map: Terminal Island, a deserted seaside port with two ferries provided for easy shuttling.", "List of Cha$e episodes __knowledge__ Only three contestants could ride a ferry at once, and none of the hunters could board them.", "List of Cha$e episodes __knowledge__ The contestants' first mission was to arrange barrels in a specific order.", "List of Cha$e episodes __knowledge__ Midway through the first mission, the first two hunters, Grant and Vazquez, were released.", "Ayrton Senna __knowledge__ Ayrton Senna da Silva (; 21 March 1960 – 1 May 1994) was a Brazilian racing driver who won three Formula One world championships for McLaren in 1988, 1990 and 1991, and is widely regarded as one of the greatest Formula One drivers of all time.", "Ayrton Senna __knowledge__ He died in an accident while leading the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix for Williams.", "Ayrton Senna __knowledge__ Senna began his motorsport career in karting, moved up to open-wheel racing in 1981, and won the 1983 British Formula Three Championship.", "Ayrton Senna __knowledge__ He made his Formula One debut with Toleman-Hart in 1984, before moving to Lotus-Renault the following year and winning six Grands Prix over the next three seasons.", "Death of Ayrton Senna __knowledge__ Three-time Formula One World Champion Ayrton Senna died on 1 May 1994, as a result of his car crashing into a concrete barrier while he was leading the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix at the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari in Italy.", "Death of Ayrton Senna __knowledge__ The previous day, Roland Ratzenberger had died when his car crashed during qualification for the race.", "Death of Ayrton Senna __knowledge__ His and Senna's accidents were the worst of several accidents that took place that weekend and were the first fatal accidents to occur during a Formula One race meeting in twelve years.", "Death of Ayrton Senna __knowledge__ They became a turning point in the safety of Formula One, prompting the implementation of new safety measures in both Formula One and the circuit, as well as the Grand Prix Drivers' Association to be re-established.", "Star Trek: First Contact __knowledge__ Star Trek: First Contact is a 1996 American science fiction film directed by Jonathan Frakes in his directorial debut, and based on the franchise of the same name created by Gene Roddenberry.", "Star Trek: First Contact __knowledge__ It is the eighth film in the \"Star Trek\" film series, as well as the second to star the cast of the series \"\".", "Star Trek: First Contact __knowledge__ In the film, the crew of the USS \"Enterprise\"-E travel back in time to the mid 21st-century in order to stop the cybernetic Borg from conquering Earth by changing the past.", "Star Trek: First Contact __knowledge__ After the release of the seventh film, \"Star Trek Generations\" (1994), Paramount Pictures tasked writers Brannon Braga and Ronald D. Moore with developing the next film in the series.", "1994 San Marino Grand Prix __knowledge__ The 1994 San Marino Grand Prix (formally the 14° Gran Premio di San Marino) was a Formula One motor race held on 1 May 1994 at the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari, located in Imola, Italy.", "1994 San Marino Grand Prix __knowledge__ It was the third race of the 1994 Formula One season.", "1994 San Marino Grand Prix __knowledge__ Fatalities and injuries at this race proved to be a major turning point in both the 1994 season, and in the development of Formula One itself, particularly with regard to safety.", "1994 San Marino Grand Prix __knowledge__ The race weekend was marked by the deaths of Austrian driver Roland Ratzenberger and of three-time world champion Ayrton Senna in separate accidents.", "1994 San Marino Grand Prix __knowledge__ Other incidents saw driver Rubens Barrichello injured and several mechanics and spectators injured.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ A traffic collision, also called a motor vehicle collision (MVC) among other terms, occurs when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other stationary obstruction, such as a tree, pole or building.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Traffic collisions often result in injury, death, and property damage.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ A number of factors contribute to the risk of collision, including vehicle design, speed of operation, road design, road environment, and driver skill, impairment due to alcohol or drugs, and behavior, notably speeding and street racing.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Worldwide, motor vehicle collisions lead to death and disability as well as financial costs to both society and the individuals involved.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ In 2013, 54 million people sustained injuries from traffic collisions.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ This resulted in 1.4 million deaths in 2013, up from 1.1 million deaths in 1990.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ About 68,000 of these occurred in children less than five years old.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Almost all high-income countries have decreasing death rates, while the majority of low-income countries have increasing death rates due to traffic collisions.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Middle-income countries have the highest rate with 20 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, 80% of all road fatalities by only 52% of all vehicles.", "Parking lot __knowledge__ A parking lot (American English) or car park (British English), also known as a car lot, is a cleared area that is intended for parking vehicles.", "Parking lot __knowledge__ Usually, the term refers to a dedicated area that has been provided with a durable or semi-durable surface.", "Parking lot __knowledge__ In most countries where cars are the dominant mode of transportation, parking lots are a feature of every city and suburban area.", "Parking lot __knowledge__ Shopping malls, sports stadiums, megachurches and similar venues often feature parking lots of immense area.", "Parking lot __knowledge__ Parking lots tend to be sources of water pollution because of their extensive impervious surfaces.", "Parking lot __knowledge__ Most existing lots have limited or no facilities to control runoff.", "Jacob Riis Park __knowledge__ Jacob Riis Park, also called Jacob A. Riis Park or Jacob Riis State Park, is a seaside park at the southwestern end the Rockaway Peninsula in the New York City borough of Queens.", "Jacob Riis Park __knowledge__ It lies at the foot of the Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge, adjacent to the east of Fort Tilden, and west of Neponsit and Rockaway Beach.", "Jacob Riis Park __knowledge__ Originally a city-run park under the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, it is currently part of the Jamaica Bay Unit of the Gateway National Recreation Area, and is managed by the National Park Service (NPS).", "Jacob Riis Park __knowledge__ Plans emerged for a coastal park located in the Rockaways in the early 20th Century, with the property acquired by the city in 1912.", "Red Crown Tourist Court __knowledge__ The Red Crown Tavern and Red Crown Tourist Court in Platte County, Missouri was the site of the July 20, 1933 gun battle between lawmen and outlaws Bonnie and Clyde and three members of their gang.", "Red Crown Tourist Court __knowledge__ The outlaws made their escape, but would be tracked down and cornered four days later near Dexter, Iowa and engaged by another posse.", "Red Crown Tourist Court __knowledge__ The shootout was depicted in Arthur Penn's 1967 film \"Bonnie and Clyde\", though the sign on the motel in the movie reads \"Platte City, Iowa,\" not Missouri.", "Red Crown Tourist Court __knowledge__ Built in 1931 by Parkville, Missouri banker and developer Emmett Breen at the junction of US 71 and US 71 Bypass (now Missouri Route 291), the red brick and tile Tavern included a popular restaurant and ballroom.", "Kent State shootings __knowledge__ The Kent State shootings (also known as the May 4 massacre or the Kent State massacre) were the shootings on May 4, 1970 of unarmed college students by members of the Ohio National Guard during a mass protest against the Vietnam War at Kent State University in Kent, Ohio.", "Kent State shootings __knowledge__ Twenty-eight guardsmen fired approximately 67 rounds over a period of 13 seconds, killing four students and wounding nine others, one of whom suffered permanent paralysis.", "Kent State shootings __knowledge__ Some of the students who were shot had been protesting the Cambodian Campaign, which President Richard Nixon announced during a television address on April 30.", "Federal Triangle __knowledge__ The Federal Triangle is a triangular area in Washington, D.C. formed by 15th Street NW, Constitution Avenue NW, Pennsylvania Avenue NW, and E Street NW.", "Federal Triangle __knowledge__ Federal Triangle is occupied by 10 large city and federal office buildings, all of which are part of the Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site.", "Federal Triangle __knowledge__ Seven of the buildings in Federal Triangle were built by the U.S. federal government in the early and mid-1930s as part of a coordinated construction plan that has been called \"one of the greatest building projects ever undertaken\" and all seven buildings are now designated as architecturally historic.", "Mark IV monorail __knowledge__ The Mark IV monorail was a design model of straddle-type monorail trains.", "Mark IV monorail __knowledge__ The design was developed by legendary Disney Imagineer Bob Gurr.", "Mark IV monorail __knowledge__ Ten trains were built by Martin Marietta in 1969 at the cost of about $7 million USD each and they were used on the Walt Disney World Monorail System between 1971 and 1989 before they were replaced by the Mark VI monorail, although a few lasted until 1991.", "Mark IV monorail __knowledge__ Sometime between 1991 and 1994 Monorail Coral and Lime (which had been introduced new in 1984) were sold for $3.5 million each, refurbished, and used to begin the Las Vegas Monorail operations.", "Mark IV monorail __knowledge__ In 2004 Lime and Coral (now the MGM and Bally) were replaced by fully automated Bombardier MVI 4-car trains.", "Multistorey car park __knowledge__ A multistorey car park (UK English) or parking garage (US English; also called a multistorey, parkade(mainly Canadian), parking structure, parking ramp, parking building, parking deck or indoor parking) is a building designed for car parking and where there are a number of floors or levels on which parking takes place.", "Multistorey car park __knowledge__ It is essentially an indoor, stacked parking lot.", "Multistorey car park __knowledge__ Parking structures may be heated if they are enclosed.", "Multistorey car park __knowledge__ Design of parking structures can add considerable cost for planning new developments, and can be mandated by cities or states in new building parking requirements.", "Multistorey car park __knowledge__ Some cities such as London have abolished previously enacted minimum parking requirements.", "Kevin Walker (Brothers & Sisters) __knowledge__ Kevin Herbert Walker is a fictional character in the ABC television series \"Brothers & Sisters\".", "Kevin Walker (Brothers & Sisters) __knowledge__ He is portrayed by the Welsh actor Matthew Rhys.", "Kevin Walker (Brothers & Sisters) __knowledge__ In a two-part 2010 episode, the actor Kasey Campbell played a teenage Kevin in flashback sequences set in 1986.", "Kevin Walker (Brothers & Sisters) __knowledge__ Rhys is the second actor to appear in all the episodes of the series.", "Kevin Walker (Brothers & Sisters) __knowledge__ His relationship with Scotty Wandell was included in \"TV Guide\"s list of the best TV couples of all time.", "Kevin Walker (Brothers & Sisters) __knowledge__ Kevin, born April 18, 1972, was the fourth child of William and Nora Walker (the siblings are, in birth order, Sarah, Kitty, Tommy, Kevin, and Justin).", "Kevin Walker (Brothers & Sisters) __knowledge__ Kevin's first sexual experience was with a girl, Sarah Gimble, but by the next summer he had sex with a boy, Tucker Booth, at his family's ranch house (Tucker also took Sarah's virginity and was the first person to do drugs with Justin, but Kevin likely knew none of this).", "Good __knowledge__ In its most general context, the concept of good denotes that conduct which is to be preferred and prescribed by society and its social constituents as beneficial and useful to the social needs of society and its preferred conventions.", "Good __knowledge__ Good is generally considered to be the opposite of evil.", "Good __knowledge__ The concept is of interest in the study of morality, ethics, religion and philosophy, and the specific meaning and etiology of the term and its associated translations among ancient and contemporary languages has varied substantially in its inflected meaning depending on circumstances of place, history, religious context and philosophical context.", "Transcendentals __knowledge__ The transcendentals (Latin: \"transcendentalia\") are the properties of being that correspond to three aspects of the human field of interest and are their ideals; science (\"truth\"), the arts (\"beauty\") and religion (\"goodness\").", "Transcendentals __knowledge__ Philosophical disciplines that study them are logic, aesthetics and ethics.", "Transcendentals __knowledge__ Parmenides first inquired of the properties co-extensive with being.", "Transcendentals __knowledge__ Socrates, spoken through Plato, then followed (see \"Form of the Good\").", "Transcendentals __knowledge__ Aristotle's substance theory (being a substance belongs to being \"qua\" being) has been interpreted as a theory of transcendentals.", "Transcendentals __knowledge__ Aristotle discusses only unity (\"One\") explicitly because it is the only transcendental intrinsically related to being, whereas truth and goodness relate to rational creatures.", "Euthyphro dilemma __knowledge__ The Euthyphro dilemma is found in Plato's dialogue \"Euthyphro\", in which Socrates asks Euthyphro, \"Is the pious (τὸ ὅσιον) loved by the gods because it is pious, or is it pious because it is loved by the gods?\"", "Euthyphro dilemma __knowledge__ (10a) The dilemma has had a major effect on the philosophical theism of the monotheistic religions, but in a modified form: \"Is what is morally good commanded by God because it is morally good, or is it morally good because it is commanded by God?\"", "Euthyphro dilemma __knowledge__ Ever since Plato's original discussion, this question has presented a problem for some theists, though others have thought it a false dilemma, and it continues to be an object of theological and philosophical discussion today.", "Scary Chicken __knowledge__ Scary Chicken is a Buffalo, New York–based band that was active 1989–2002.", "Scary Chicken __knowledge__ Formed at the University at Buffalo, the band recorded and released 4 CDs and 2 cassettes, and has had songs placed in multiple Motion Picture Soundtracks and National TV shows, most recently on Spike TV's \"Top Dead Center\" program.", "Scary Chicken __knowledge__ The band members are Tim Bryant (guitar, vocals), Tom Greier (guitar, vocals), Paul Zacks (bass), Dan \"Scary\" Braun (drums).", "Scary Chicken __knowledge__ Zacks, who died in 2015, had previously been a member of the Rochester, New York–based band The Elephant Balls Experience.", "Scary Chicken __knowledge__ Formed in 1989, Scary Chicken passed through the Buffalo college circuit and its growing club scene, to become one of the area's most popular alternative bands.", "Quickening (Angel) __knowledge__ \"Quickening\" is episode 8 of season 3 in the television show \"Angel\".", "Quickening (Angel) __knowledge__ In York, England, 1764, Holtz pursues Angelus and Darla, following a trail they left for him.", "Quickening (Angel) __knowledge__ Meanwhile, Angelus and Darla make their way into the Holtzs' house and kill his wife and two children.", "Quickening (Angel) __knowledge__ Holtz arrives at his house, but the vampires are gone and his family is dead.", "Quickening (Angel) __knowledge__ In the present, Angel visits Darla as she sleeps in his room, dreading yet maintaining hope that their child is not evil.", "Quickening (Angel) __knowledge__ Holtz learns about the present day through numerous television screens which play out different historical events that Holtz has missed during his sleep.", "Is It Scary __knowledge__ \"Is It Scary\" is a song by American recording artist Michael Jackson.", "Is It Scary __knowledge__ The song was originally written to have been featured in the 1993 film \"Addams Family Values\", but the plans were canceled after contract conflicts.", "Is It Scary __knowledge__ The song was recorded for Jackson's 1997 remix album, \"\".", "Is It Scary __knowledge__ \"Is It Scary\" was written and produced by Jackson, Jimmy Jam (James Harris III) and Terry Lewis.", "Is It Scary __knowledge__ \"Is It Scary\" received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics.", "Is It Scary __knowledge__ Musically, the song was viewed by music critics as showing a \"darker side\" of Jackson, and compared the song's composition to the music of Marilyn Manson.", "Is It Scary __knowledge__ In November 1997, a radio edit version of the song was released as a promotional single in the Netherlands, while promo singles containing remixes were released in the United States and the United Kingdom." ] ]

[ 2, 3, 0, 36 ]

[ "Hi. I was thinking about traffic accidents. They hurt or kill so many people, not to mention the damage to cars and other property.", "The sad thing is, so many are avoidable, like if the driver is drunk or going too fast, or if the road is badly designed.", "My goodness! How scary! Was anyone hurt?", "A parking lot? Not an enclosed parking structure? " ]

[ "Traffic collision", "Traffic collision", "Traffic collision", "Traffic collision" ]

[ "Bachelor's degree\nHave you graduated college? I got my bachelors in 2016. ", "Wow. I never knew that. What other titles did knights have back in the day? ", "What types of guilds were there then? ", "What did the guilds do exactly? ", "So basically the Masons were a guild? " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin \"baccalaureus\") or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin \"baccalaureatus\") is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years (depending on institution and academic discipline).", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In some institutions and educational systems, some bachelor's degrees can only be taken as graduate or postgraduate degrees after a first degree has been completed.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In countries with qualifications frameworks, bachelor's degrees are normally one of the major levels in the framework (sometimes two levels where non-honours and honours bachelor's degrees are considered separately), although some qualifications titled bachelor's degrees may be at other levels (e.g.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ MBBS) and some qualifications with non-bachelor's titles may be classified as bachelor's degrees (e.g.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ the Scottish MA and Canadian MD).", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ The term \"bachelor\" in the 12th century referred to a knight bachelor, who was too young or poor to gather vassals under his own banner.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ By the end of the 13th century, it was also used by junior members of guilds or universities.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ By folk etymology or wordplay, the word \"baccalaureus\" came to be associated with \"bacca lauri\" (\"laurel berry\") in reference to laurels being awarded for academic success or honours.", "Yerevan State University __knowledge__ Yerevan State University (YSU; , \"Yerevani Petakan Hamalsaran\"), also simply University of Yerevan, is the oldest continuously operating public university in Armenia.", "Yerevan State University __knowledge__ Founded in 1919, it is the largest and most prestigious university in the country.", "Yerevan State University __knowledge__ It is thus informally known as Armenia's \"mother university\" (Մայր ԲՈւՀ, \"Mayr Buh\").", "Yerevan State University __knowledge__ Of its 3,150 employees, 1,190 comprise the teaching staff which includes 25 academicians, 130 professors, 700 docents (associate professors), and 360 assistant lecturers.", "Yerevan State University __knowledge__ The university has 400 researchers, 1,350 post-graduate students, and 8,500 undergraduates, including 300 students from abroad.", "The Bachelors __knowledge__ The Bachelors are a popular music group, originating from Dublin, Ireland.", "The Bachelors __knowledge__ The founding members of the group were Conleth (Con) Cluskey (born 18 November 1941), Declan (Dec) Cluskey (born 23 December 1942), and John Stokes (Sean James Stokes) (born 13 August 1940).", "The Bachelors __knowledge__ In 1957 they formed their first band together: \"The Harmonichords\" (also seen as \"The Harmony Chords\"), a classically styled instrumental harmonica-act.", "The Bachelors __knowledge__ As the Harmonichords, they appeared on Hughie Green's 'Opportunity Knocks' on Radio Luxembourg and on the 'Ed Sullivan' TV Show St. Patrick's Day Special (filmed in Dublin, broadcast 15 March 1959), where they played \"Danny Boy.\"", "Schuylkill Navy __knowledge__ The Schuylkill Navy is an association of amateur rowing clubs of Philadelphia.", "Schuylkill Navy __knowledge__ Founded in 1858, it is the oldest amateur athletic governing body in the United States.", "Schuylkill Navy __knowledge__ The member clubs are all on the Schuylkill River where it flows through Fairmount Park in Philadelphia, mostly on the historic Boathouse Row.", "Schuylkill Navy __knowledge__ By charter, the Schuylkill Navy’s object is \"to secure united action among the several Clubs and to promote amateurism on the Schuylkill River.\"", "Schuylkill Navy __knowledge__ Over the years, the group has had a role in certain ceremonial and state functions.", "Schuylkill Navy __knowledge__ The success of the Schuylkill Navy and similar organizations contributed heavily to the extinction of professional rowing and the sport's current status as an amateur sport.", "The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even __knowledge__ The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even ('), most often called The Large Glass ('), is an artwork by Marcel Duchamp over tall, and freestanding.", "The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even __knowledge__ Duchamp worked on the piece from 1915 to 1923, creating two panes of glass with materials such as lead foil, fuse wire, and dust.", "The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even __knowledge__ It combines chance procedures, plotted perspective studies, and laborious craftsmanship.", "The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even __knowledge__ Duchamp's ideas for the \"Glass\" began in 1913, and he made numerous notes and studies, as well as preliminary works for the piece.", "The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even __knowledge__ The notes reflect the creation of unique rules of physics, and myth which describes the work.", "The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even __knowledge__ It is at first sight baffling in iconography and unclassifiable style.", "List of Scream Queens characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the Fox black comedy horror series \"Scream Queens\".", "List of Scream Queens characters __knowledge__ The first season focuses on the Kappa Kappa Tau sorority in Wallace University, led by Chanel Oberlin (Emma Roberts), that is being targeted by a serial killer who uses the Red Devil mascot uniform.", "List of Scream Queens characters __knowledge__ The second season focuses on the murder spree committed by another serial killer using a Green Meanie costume at the C.U.R.E.", "List of Scream Queens characters __knowledge__ institute, a new hospital where Chanel and her friends work.", "List of Scream Queens characters __knowledge__ Chanel Oberlin (Emma Roberts) is the incredibly egotistical, uncaring, self-centered queen bee and sociopathic president of Kappa Kappa Tau at Wallace University.", "Bachelors Barge Club __knowledge__ Bachelors Barge Club is an amateur rowing club located at #6 Boathouse Row in the historic Boathouse Row of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "Bachelors Barge Club __knowledge__ It is the oldest continuously operating boathouse in the United States.", "Bachelors Barge Club __knowledge__ It went through renovations as part of the \"Light Boathouse Row\" initiative, in which new LED lights were fitted to each of the boathouses.", "Bachelors Barge Club __knowledge__ Bachelors Barge Club is currently home to several programs, including the Conestoga High School Crew Team, and the Drexel University Crew Team, among several others.", "Bachelors Barge Club __knowledge__ The founding fathers of Bachelors Barge Club were members of the Phoenix Engine Company, a volunteer fire-fighting organization.", "List of My Name Is Earl characters __knowledge__ The NBC sitcom television series \"My Name Is Earl\" created by Greg Garcia features a variety of characters, most of whom live in the fictional town of Camden and Camden County.", "List of My Name Is Earl characters __knowledge__ The show centers around Earl Hickey, a small-time crook who after an epiphany involving karma, makes a list of items in which he had done wrong to others, and proceeds to make amends to the people involved.", "List of My Name Is Earl characters __knowledge__ The characters listed include Earl's immediate family, friends and acquaintances, as well as general townsfolk who have appeared over multiple episodes and storylines.", "List of My Name Is Earl characters __knowledge__ Earl Jehosephat Hickey (played by Jason Lee) The titular and viewpoint character, he has a long history of petty crimes and other repugnant acts of bullying classmates and taking advantage of others." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin \"baccalaureus\") or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin \"baccalaureatus\") is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years (depending on institution and academic discipline).", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In some institutions and educational systems, some bachelor's degrees can only be taken as graduate or postgraduate degrees after a first degree has been completed.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In countries with qualifications frameworks, bachelor's degrees are normally one of the major levels in the framework (sometimes two levels where non-honours and honours bachelor's degrees are considered separately), although some qualifications titled bachelor's degrees may be at other levels (e.g.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ MBBS) and some qualifications with non-bachelor's titles may be classified as bachelor's degrees (e.g.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ the Scottish MA and Canadian MD).", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ The term \"bachelor\" in the 12th century referred to a knight bachelor, who was too young or poor to gather vassals under his own banner.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ By the end of the 13th century, it was also used by junior members of guilds or universities.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ By folk etymology or wordplay, the word \"baccalaureus\" came to be associated with \"bacca lauri\" (\"laurel berry\") in reference to laurels being awarded for academic success or honours.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the BBC fantasy drama television series \"Merlin\", including supporting characters.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ \"Note: All characters are listed in alphabetical order by their first name.\"", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ Aglain (portrayed by Colin Salmon) was a Druid man who lived in the Forest of Acestir.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ In the second-season episode, \"The Nightmare Begins\", he, with the assistance of Mordred, rescued Morgana from a group of serkets, and later healed the injury she sustained from one of the creatures.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ While she resided with him and his fellow Druids, Aglain encouraged Morgana not to fear herself and her emerging abilities, telling her that magic was not evil and not something Uther should hate.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the various characters throughout the Japanese tokusatsu series \"Garo\", not including the Horrors, a breed of demonic beings that make for most of the series antagonists.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ The various holders of the title are the main characters of the franchise, armed with the blade.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ The Garo title, based on the word for \"hope\" in the old Makai language, is traditionally associated with the Saezima family.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ For reasons yet to be explained, the man who takes the title of Garo is often regarded to be the strongest Knight, widely known throughout the Makai community.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ This is however, not a formal ranking in itself and no preferential treatment is given to the said Knight, as evident with Kouga in \"\" who was in service for years before being promoted to be a Knight serving under the Senate.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Knight __knowledge__ A knight is a person granted an honorary title of \"knighthood\" by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country, especially in a military capacity.", "Knight __knowledge__ Historically, in Europe, knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors.", "Knight __knowledge__ During the High Middle Ages, knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility.", "Knight __knowledge__ By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior.", "Knight __knowledge__ Often, a knight was a vassal who served as a fighter for a lord, with payment in the form of land holdings.", "Knight __knowledge__ The lords trusted the knights, who were skilled in battle on horseback.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "Knight Bachelor __knowledge__ The dignity of Knight Bachelor is the most basic and lowest rank of a man who has been knighted by the monarch but not as a member of one of the organised orders of chivalry; it is currently a part of the British honours system.", "Knight Bachelor __knowledge__ Knights Bachelor are the most ancient sort of British knight (the rank existed during the 13th century reign of King Henry III), but Knights Bachelor rank below knights of chivalric orders.", "Knight Bachelor __knowledge__ There is no female counterpart to Knight Bachelor.", "Knight Bachelor __knowledge__ The lowest knightly honour that can be conferred upon a woman is Dame Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (DBE), which is one rank higher than Knight Bachelor (being the female equivalent of 'KBE' or Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, which is the next male knightly rank above Knight Bachelor).", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ Aristocracy of Norway refers to modern and medieval aristocracy in Norway.", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ Additionally, there have been economical, political, and military élites that—relating to the main lines of Norway's history—are generally accepted as nominal predecessors of the aforementioned.", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ Since the 16th century, modern aristocracy is known as nobility ().", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ The very first aristocracy in today's Norway appeared during the Bronze Age (c. 1800 BCc.", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ 500 BC).", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ This bronze aristocracy consisted of several regional élites, whose earliest known existence dates to c. 1500 BC.", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ Via similar structures in the Iron Age (c. 400 BCc.", "Knight banneret __knowledge__ A knight banneret, sometimes known simply as banneret, was a medieval knight (\"a commoner of rank\") who led a company of troops during time of war under his own banner (which was square-shaped, in contrast to the tapering standard or the pennon flown by the lower-ranking knights) and was eligible to bear supporters in English heraldry.", "Knight banneret __knowledge__ The military rank of a knight banneret was higher than a knight bachelor (who fought under another's banner), but lower than an earl or duke; the word derives from the French \"banneret\", from \"bannire, banner\", elliptical for \"seigneur -\" or \"chevalier banneret\", Medieval Latin \"banneretus\".", "List of Kamen Rider Gaim characters __knowledge__ is one of many dance teams in Zawame, identified by their Happi-themed modern outfits and logo.", "List of Kamen Rider Gaim characters __knowledge__ is an earnest and cheerful young adult who is naïve, wanting to help others but ends up sometimes causing trouble than good due to his short-sightedness.", "List of Kamen Rider Gaim characters __knowledge__ He is originally the second-in-command of Team Gaim before eventually quitting the team to take odd jobs to help out his older sister Akira since their parents have died.", "List of Kamen Rider Gaim characters __knowledge__ But things change when Kouta is called by Team Gaim's leader Yuya Sumii, who wants to show him something to help their team out.", "List of Kamen Rider Gaim characters __knowledge__ This leads Kouta to search for Yuya in what he later learns to be Helheim Forest, finding a that his friend bought from the mysterious Lockseed Dealer Sid and an Inves that he managed to destroy." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin \"baccalaureus\") or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin \"baccalaureatus\") is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years (depending on institution and academic discipline).", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In some institutions and educational systems, some bachelor's degrees can only be taken as graduate or postgraduate degrees after a first degree has been completed.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In countries with qualifications frameworks, bachelor's degrees are normally one of the major levels in the framework (sometimes two levels where non-honours and honours bachelor's degrees are considered separately), although some qualifications titled bachelor's degrees may be at other levels (e.g.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ MBBS) and some qualifications with non-bachelor's titles may be classified as bachelor's degrees (e.g.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ the Scottish MA and Canadian MD).", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ The term \"bachelor\" in the 12th century referred to a knight bachelor, who was too young or poor to gather vassals under his own banner.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ By the end of the 13th century, it was also used by junior members of guilds or universities.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ By folk etymology or wordplay, the word \"baccalaureus\" came to be associated with \"bacca lauri\" (\"laurel berry\") in reference to laurels being awarded for academic success or honours.", "Guild __knowledge__ A guild is an association of artisans or merchants who oversee the practice of their craft in a particular town.", "Guild __knowledge__ The earliest types of guild were formed as confraternities of tradesmen.", "Guild __knowledge__ They were organized in a manner something between a professional association, trade union, a cartel, and a secret society.", "Guild __knowledge__ They often depended on grants of letters patent by a monarch or other authority to enforce the flow of trade to their self-employed members, and to retain ownership of tools and the supply of materials.", "Guild __knowledge__ A lasting legacy of traditional guilds are the guildhalls constructed and used as meeting places.", "Guilds of Florence __knowledge__ The guilds of Florence were secular corporations that controlled the arts and trades in Florence from the twelfth into the sixteenth century.", "Guilds of Florence __knowledge__ These \"Arti\" included seven major guilds (collectively known as the \"arti maggiori\"), five middle guilds (\"arti mediane\") and nine minor guilds (\"arti minori\").", "Guilds of Florence __knowledge__ Their rigorous quality control and the political role in the commune that the \"Art Maggiori\" assumed were formative influences in the history of Florence, which became one of the richest cities of late Medieval Europe.", "Guilds of Florence __knowledge__ The \"popolo minuto\" – skilled workers including weavers, spinners, dyers, boatmen, labourers, peddlers and others – despite constituting a majority of the population, were barred from forming guilds.", "City and Guilds of London Institute __knowledge__ The City and Guilds of London Institute is an educational organisation in the United Kingdom.", "City and Guilds of London Institute __knowledge__ Founded on 11 November 1878 by the City of London and 16 livery companies – to develop a national system of technical education, the Institute has been operating under Royal Charter (RC117), granted by Queen Victoria, since 1900.", "City and Guilds of London Institute __knowledge__ The Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII, was appointed the first President of the Institute.", "City and Guilds of London Institute __knowledge__ The City and Guilds of London Institute is also a registered charity (no.", "City and Guilds of London Institute __knowledge__ 312832) and is the awarding body for City & Guilds and ILM qualifications, offering a large number of accredited qualifications mapped onto the Regulated Qualifications Framework (RQF), The Institute's president is HRH The Princess Royal who accepted this role in June 2011 (following her father HRH The Duke of Edinburgh, who held the position for nearly 60 years), and the Chairman of Council is Sir John Armitt, who took office in November 2012.", "Genesis LPMud __knowledge__ Genesis LPMud, a multi-player computer game, is the original LPMud founded in April 1989 by Lars Pensjö, now running on CD gamedriver and mudlib, and previously hosted by \"Chalmers Computer Society\", though hosting has since been moved to a dedicated, private server.", "Genesis LPMud __knowledge__ Medieval fantasy is the general theme.", "Genesis LPMud __knowledge__ Roleplaying is expected.", "Genesis LPMud __knowledge__ \"Genesis\" was created as the first implementation of the LPC language, in which the developer (commonly known as a wizard within the MUD) is able to create objects by using a language similar to the C programming language.", "Genesis LPMud __knowledge__ \"Sparkle\" was the first area to be created in 1991.", "Za (guilds) __knowledge__ The were one of the primary types of trade guilds in feudal Japan.", "Za (guilds) __knowledge__ They grew out of protective cooperation between merchants and temples and shrines; merchants would travel and transport goods in groups, for protection from bandits and the vacillating whims of samurai and \"daimyō\" (feudal lords).", "Za (guilds) __knowledge__ They would also enter into arrangements with temples and shrines to sell their goods on a pitch or platform in the temple's (or shrine's) grounds, placing themselves under the auspices and protection of the temple or shrine.", "Za (guilds) __knowledge__ The word \"za\", meaning seat, pitch, or platform, was thus applied to the guilds.", "Ciompi Revolt __knowledge__ The Revolt of the Ciompi was a rebellion among unrepresented labourers which occurred in Florence, Italy from 1378 to 1382.", "Ciompi Revolt __knowledge__ Those who revolted consisted of artisans, labourers, and craftsmen who did not belong to any guilds and were therefore unable to participate in the Florentine government.", "Ciompi Revolt __knowledge__ These labourers had grown increasingly resentful over the established patrician oligarchy.", "Ciompi Revolt __knowledge__ In addition, they were expected to pay heavy taxes which they could not afford, forcing some to abandon their homes.", "Ciompi Revolt __knowledge__ The resulting insurrection over such tensions led to the creation of a government composed of wool workers and other disenfranchised workers which lasted for three and a half years.", "Esnaf __knowledge__ Esnaf is a Turkish word which means “guild” or “corporation”.", "Esnaf __knowledge__ During the Early Modern Period belonging to a guild gave people a voice and was an important part of one's identity.", "Esnaf __knowledge__ Handicraft producers were linked to one another by a range of social, political, and economic ties.", "Esnaf __knowledge__ Guilds varied among societies, social class, and genders.", "Esnaf __knowledge__ There were many misconceptions, differences, as well as similarities between Europe and the Ottoman Empire.", "Esnaf __knowledge__ There were hierarchies within guilds; sometimes they shared tools, worked together, or worked alone.", "Esnaf __knowledge__ In the Early Modern Period, collective identity was mainly established by normative framework, but was also a result of the process of interaction itself, and could be manipulated according to the circumstances.", "History of Speyer __knowledge__ The history of Speyer begins with the establishment of a Roman camp in 10 BCE, making it one of Germany's oldest cities.", "History of Speyer __knowledge__ Its name evolved from Spira, first mentioned in 614.", "History of Speyer __knowledge__ As of 1294 a Free Imperial City, the town became renowned for its Romanesque cathedral, its vibrant Jewish community, its seat of the Imperial Chamber Court, for 50 diets that took place within its walls, most notably 1526 and 1529, and last but not least, for the Protestation at Speyer.", "History of Speyer __knowledge__ For several centuries from the Middle Ages into the early modern period, Speyer was one of the main centres of gravity of the Holy Roman Empire.", "Economy of England in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ The economy of England in the Middle Ages, from the Norman invasion in 1066, to the death of Henry VII in 1509, was fundamentally agricultural, though even before the invasion the market economy was important to producers.", "Economy of England in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ Norman institutions, including serfdom, were superimposed on an existing system of open fields and mature, well-established towns involved in international trade.", "Economy of England in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ Over the next five centuries the economy would at first grow and then suffer an acute crisis, resulting in significant political and economic change.", "Economy of England in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ Despite economic dislocation in urban and extraction economies, including shifts in the holders of wealth and the location of these economies, the economic output of towns and mines developed and intensified over the period.", "Paris in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ In the 10th century, Paris was a provincial cathedral city of little political or economic significance, but under the kings of the Capetian dynasty who ruled France between 987 and 1328, it developed into an important commercial and religious center and the seat of the royal administration of the country.", "Paris in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ The Île de la Cité became the site of the royal palace and the new cathedral of Notre-Dame, begun in 1163.", "Paris in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ The Left Bank was occupied by important monasteries, including the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés and the Abbey of St Genevieve.", "Paris in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ In the late 12th century, the collection of colleges on the left bank became one of the leading universities in Europe.", "Economics of English towns and trade in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ The economics of English towns and trade in the Middle Ages is the economic history of English towns and trade from the Norman invasion in 1066, to the death of Henry VII in 1509.", "Economics of English towns and trade in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ Although England's economy was fundamentally agricultural throughout the period, even before the invasion the market economy was important to producers.", "Economics of English towns and trade in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ Norman institutions, including serfdom, were superimposed on a mature network of well established towns involved in international trade.", "Economics of English towns and trade in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ Over the next five centuries the English economy would at first grow and then suffer an acute crisis, resulting in significant political and economic change.", "England in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ England in the Middle Ages concerns the history of England during the medieval period, from the end of the 5th century through to the start of the Early Modern period in 1485.", "England in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ When England emerged from the collapse of the Roman Empire, the economy was in tatters and many of the towns abandoned.", "England in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ After several centuries of Germanic immigration, new identities and cultures began to emerge, developing into predatory kingdoms that competed for power.", "England in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ A rich artistic culture flourished under the Anglo-Saxons, producing epic poems such as \"Beowulf\" and sophisticated metalwork.", "England in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ The Anglo-Saxons converted to Christianity in the 7th century and a network of monasteries and convents was built across England." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin \"baccalaureus\") or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin \"baccalaureatus\") is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years (depending on institution and academic discipline).", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In some institutions and educational systems, some bachelor's degrees can only be taken as graduate or postgraduate degrees after a first degree has been completed.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In countries with qualifications frameworks, bachelor's degrees are normally one of the major levels in the framework (sometimes two levels where non-honours and honours bachelor's degrees are considered separately), although some qualifications titled bachelor's degrees may be at other levels (e.g.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ MBBS) and some qualifications with non-bachelor's titles may be classified as bachelor's degrees (e.g.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ the Scottish MA and Canadian MD).", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ The term \"bachelor\" in the 12th century referred to a knight bachelor, who was too young or poor to gather vassals under his own banner.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ By the end of the 13th century, it was also used by junior members of guilds or universities.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ By folk etymology or wordplay, the word \"baccalaureus\" came to be associated with \"bacca lauri\" (\"laurel berry\") in reference to laurels being awarded for academic success or honours.", "Guild __knowledge__ A guild is an association of artisans or merchants who oversee the practice of their craft in a particular town.", "Guild __knowledge__ The earliest types of guild were formed as confraternities of tradesmen.", "Guild __knowledge__ They were organized in a manner something between a professional association, trade union, a cartel, and a secret society.", "Guild __knowledge__ They often depended on grants of letters patent by a monarch or other authority to enforce the flow of trade to their self-employed members, and to retain ownership of tools and the supply of materials.", "Guild __knowledge__ A lasting legacy of traditional guilds are the guildhalls constructed and used as meeting places.", "Guilds of Florence __knowledge__ The guilds of Florence were secular corporations that controlled the arts and trades in Florence from the twelfth into the sixteenth century.", "Guilds of Florence __knowledge__ These \"Arti\" included seven major guilds (collectively known as the \"arti maggiori\"), five middle guilds (\"arti mediane\") and nine minor guilds (\"arti minori\").", "Guilds of Florence __knowledge__ Their rigorous quality control and the political role in the commune that the \"Art Maggiori\" assumed were formative influences in the history of Florence, which became one of the richest cities of late Medieval Europe.", "Guilds of Florence __knowledge__ The \"popolo minuto\" – skilled workers including weavers, spinners, dyers, boatmen, labourers, peddlers and others – despite constituting a majority of the population, were barred from forming guilds.", "City and Guilds of London Institute __knowledge__ The City and Guilds of London Institute is an educational organisation in the United Kingdom.", "City and Guilds of London Institute __knowledge__ Founded on 11 November 1878 by the City of London and 16 livery companies – to develop a national system of technical education, the Institute has been operating under Royal Charter (RC117), granted by Queen Victoria, since 1900.", "City and Guilds of London Institute __knowledge__ The Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII, was appointed the first President of the Institute.", "City and Guilds of London Institute __knowledge__ The City and Guilds of London Institute is also a registered charity (no.", "City and Guilds of London Institute __knowledge__ 312832) and is the awarding body for City & Guilds and ILM qualifications, offering a large number of accredited qualifications mapped onto the Regulated Qualifications Framework (RQF), The Institute's president is HRH The Princess Royal who accepted this role in June 2011 (following her father HRH The Duke of Edinburgh, who held the position for nearly 60 years), and the Chairman of Council is Sir John Armitt, who took office in November 2012.", "Ciompi Revolt __knowledge__ The Revolt of the Ciompi was a rebellion among unrepresented labourers which occurred in Florence, Italy from 1378 to 1382.", "Ciompi Revolt __knowledge__ Those who revolted consisted of artisans, labourers, and craftsmen who did not belong to any guilds and were therefore unable to participate in the Florentine government.", "Ciompi Revolt __knowledge__ These labourers had grown increasingly resentful over the established patrician oligarchy.", "Ciompi Revolt __knowledge__ In addition, they were expected to pay heavy taxes which they could not afford, forcing some to abandon their homes.", "Ciompi Revolt __knowledge__ The resulting insurrection over such tensions led to the creation of a government composed of wool workers and other disenfranchised workers which lasted for three and a half years.", "Genesis LPMud __knowledge__ Genesis LPMud, a multi-player computer game, is the original LPMud founded in April 1989 by Lars Pensjö, now running on CD gamedriver and mudlib, and previously hosted by \"Chalmers Computer Society\", though hosting has since been moved to a dedicated, private server.", "Genesis LPMud __knowledge__ Medieval fantasy is the general theme.", "Genesis LPMud __knowledge__ Roleplaying is expected.", "Genesis LPMud __knowledge__ \"Genesis\" was created as the first implementation of the LPC language, in which the developer (commonly known as a wizard within the MUD) is able to create objects by using a language similar to the C programming language.", "Genesis LPMud __knowledge__ \"Sparkle\" was the first area to be created in 1991.", "Ravnica __knowledge__ Ravnica is a \"\" block that consists of three expert-level expansion sets: Ravnica: City of Guilds (October 7, 2005), Guildpact (February 3, 2006), and Dissension (May 5, 2006).", "Ravnica __knowledge__ Following in the tradition of other \"Magic\" blocks, \"Ravnica\" takes place in a of the multiverse that was previously unexplored in the game's backstory.", "Ravnica __knowledge__ The world of Ravnica is an ecumenopolis, a vast city that covers the entire surface of its planet, and is home to a diverse assortment of sentient races.", "Ravnica __knowledge__ Much power in Ravnica is held by the ten \"guilds\", political factions that each represent a combination of two of .", "Ravnica __knowledge__ The mythology of \"Ravnica\" is loosely derived from Slavic folklore, and the character names reflect this.", "Guild Wars __knowledge__ Guild Wars is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) series developed by ArenaNet and published by NCSOFT.", "Guild Wars __knowledge__ The games were critically well received and won many editor's choice awards, as well as awards such as Best Value, Best Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (MMORPG), and Best Game.", "Guild Wars __knowledge__ \"Guild Wars\" was noted for being one of the few commercially developed games in the MMORPG genre to offer online play without subscription fees, its instanced approach to MMORPG play, and the quality of the graphics and play for computers with low specifications.", "Guild Wars __knowledge__ In April 2009, NCSoft announced that 6 million units of games in the \"Guild Wars\" series had been sold.", "Confraternities in Nigeria __knowledge__ In 1952, future-Nobel Prize winning author Wole Soyinka and a group of six friends formed the Pyrate Confraternity at the elite University College, Ibadan, then part of the University of London.", "Confraternities in Nigeria __knowledge__ According to the Pyrates, the \"Magnificent Seven\", as they called themselves, observed that the university was populated with wealthy students associated with the colonial powers and a few poorer students striving in manner and dress to be accepted by the more advantaged students, while social life was dictated by tribal affiliation.", "Confraternities in Nigeria __knowledge__ Soyinka would later note that the Pyrates wanted to differentiate themselves from \"stodgy establishment and its pretentious products in a new educational institution different from a culture of hypocritical and affluent middleclass, different from alienated colonial aristocrats\".", "Confraternity of penitents __knowledge__ Confraternities of Penitents are Roman Catholic religious congregations, with statutes prescribing various penitential works.", "Confraternity of penitents __knowledge__ These may include fasting, the use of the discipline, the wearing of a hair shirt, etc.", "Confraternity of penitents __knowledge__ By the mid 12th century lay individuals practicing penance in central and northern Italy had begun to join together in associations for mutual spiritual and material support.", "Confraternity of penitents __knowledge__ The \"converso\" was a layman who had made a \"conversion of life\" and was affiliated to a monastic order as a lay brother.", "Confraternity of penitents __knowledge__ \"Penitents\" were those who adopted asceticism.", "Confraternity of penitents __knowledge__ Gradually, the distinction blurred.", "Confraternity of penitents __knowledge__ They retained their personal property and worked to support themselves.", "Flagellant confraternities __knowledge__ Central Italian flagellant confraternities evolved and emerged from Central Italian confraternities that originated in the tenth century.", "Flagellant confraternities __knowledge__ The members of these original confraternities were lay persons (usually men, but sometimes women) who were devoted to religious life.", "Flagellant confraternities __knowledge__ These groups promoted religious life but were independent of the church and offered an alternative form of service for those church members who did not want to commit themselves to the strict behaviors of monastic or convent life.", "Flagellant confraternities __knowledge__ Members of confraternities were usually wealthy citizens, with high profiles in the society, who assisted with religious rites by making financial donations and by reciting masses.", "Purgatorial society __knowledge__ Purgatorial societies are Roman Catholic Church associations or confraternities which aim to assist souls in purgatory reach heaven.", "Purgatorial society __knowledge__ The Catholic doctrine concerning purgatory, the condition of the poor souls after death (particular judgment), the communion of saints, and the satisfactory value of our good works form the basis of these associations.", "Purgatorial society __knowledge__ In the modern Church this role is fulfilled by the Purgatorian Archconfraternity which is run under the auspices of the Transalpine Redemptorists.", "Purgatorial society __knowledge__ For centuries, associations praying for the purgatorial souls were common.", "Purgatorial society __knowledge__ The old religious orders, e.g.", "Fraternity __knowledge__ A fraternity (from Latin \"frater\": \"brother\"; \"brotherhood\"), fraternal order or fraternal organization is an organization, a society or a club of men associated together for various religious or secular aims.", "Fraternity __knowledge__ Fraternity in the Western concept developed in the Christian context, notably with the religious orders in the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages.", "Fraternity __knowledge__ A notion eventually further extended with the middle age guilds, followed by the early modern formation of gentlemen's clubs, freemasons, odd fellows, student fraternities, and fraternal service organizations.", "Fraternity __knowledge__ Members are occasionally referred to as a \"brother\" or – usually in religious context – \"Frater\" or \"Friar\".", "Confraternities of the Cord __knowledge__ Confraternities of the Cord are pious associations of the faithful, the members of which wear a cord or cincture in honour of a saint, to keep in mind some special grace or favour which they hope to obtain through his intercession.", "Confraternities of the Cord __knowledge__ In the early Church virgins wore a cincture as a sign and emblem of purity, and hence it has always been considered a symbol of chastity as well as of mortification and humility.", "Confraternities of the Cord __knowledge__ The wearing of a cord or cincture in honour of a saint is of very ancient origin, and we find the first mention of it in the life of St. Monica.", "Confraternities of the Cord __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages cinctures were also worn by the faithful in honour of saints, though no confraternities were formally established, and the wearing of a cincture in honour of Saint Michael was general throughout France." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin \"baccalaureus\") or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin \"baccalaureatus\") is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years (depending on institution and academic discipline).", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In some institutions and educational systems, some bachelor's degrees can only be taken as graduate or postgraduate degrees after a first degree has been completed.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In countries with qualifications frameworks, bachelor's degrees are normally one of the major levels in the framework (sometimes two levels where non-honours and honours bachelor's degrees are considered separately), although some qualifications titled bachelor's degrees may be at other levels (e.g.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ MBBS) and some qualifications with non-bachelor's titles may be classified as bachelor's degrees (e.g.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ the Scottish MA and Canadian MD).", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ The term \"bachelor\" in the 12th century referred to a knight bachelor, who was too young or poor to gather vassals under his own banner.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ By the end of the 13th century, it was also used by junior members of guilds or universities.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ By folk etymology or wordplay, the word \"baccalaureus\" came to be associated with \"bacca lauri\" (\"laurel berry\") in reference to laurels being awarded for academic success or honours.", "History of Freemasonry __knowledge__ The history of Freemasonry encompasses the origins, evolution and defining events of the known as Freemasonry.", "History of Freemasonry __knowledge__ It covers three phases.", "History of Freemasonry __knowledge__ Firstly, the emergence of organised lodges of operative masons during the Middle Ages, then the admission of lay members as \"accepted\" or speculative masons, and finally the evolution of purely speculative lodges, and the emergence of Grand Lodges to govern them.", "History of Freemasonry __knowledge__ The watershed in this process is generally taken to be the formation of the first Grand Lodge in London in 1717.", "History of Freemasonry __knowledge__ The two difficulties facing historians are the paucity of written material, even down to the 19th century, and the misinformation generated by masons and non-masons alike from the earliest years.", "Masonic manuscripts __knowledge__ There are a number of masonic manuscripts that are important in the study of the emergence of Freemasonry.", "Masonic manuscripts __knowledge__ Most numerous are the \"Old Charges\" or \"Constitutions\".", "Masonic manuscripts __knowledge__ These documents outlined a \"history\" of masonry, tracing its origins to a biblical or classical root, followed by the regulations of the organisation, and the responsibilities of its different grades.", "Masonic manuscripts __knowledge__ More rare are old hand-written copies of ritual, affording a limited understanding of early masonic rites.", "Masonic manuscripts __knowledge__ All of those which pre-date the formation of Grand Lodges are found in Scotland and Ireland, and show such similarity that the Irish rituals are usually assumed to be of Scottish origin.", "Guild __knowledge__ A guild is an association of artisans or merchants who oversee the practice of their craft in a particular town.", "Guild __knowledge__ The earliest types of guild were formed as confraternities of tradesmen.", "Guild __knowledge__ They were organized in a manner something between a professional association, trade union, a cartel, and a secret society.", "Guild __knowledge__ They often depended on grants of letters patent by a monarch or other authority to enforce the flow of trade to their self-employed members, and to retain ownership of tools and the supply of materials.", "Guild __knowledge__ A lasting legacy of traditional guilds are the guildhalls constructed and used as meeting places.", "Anti-Masonic Party __knowledge__ The Anti-Masonic Party (also known as the Anti-Masonic Movement) was the first \"third party\" in the United States.", "Anti-Masonic Party __knowledge__ It strongly opposed Freemasonry as a single-issue party, and later aspired to become a major party by expanding its platform to take positions on other issues.", "Anti-Masonic Party __knowledge__ After emerging as a political force in the late 1820s, most of the Anti-Masonic Party's members joined the Whig Party in the 1830s, and the party disappeared after 1838.", "Anti-Masonic Party __knowledge__ The party was founded in the aftermath of the disappearance of William Morgan, a former Mason who had become a prominent critic of the organization.", "Anti-Masonic Party __knowledge__ Many believed that the Masons had murdered Morgan for speaking out against Masonry, and many churches and other groups condemned masonry.", "Freemasonry and women __knowledge__ Freemasonry and women have a complex relationship, which can be readily divided into many phases with no demonstrable relationship to each other until the 20th century.", "Freemasonry and women __knowledge__ A few women were involved in Freemasonry before the 18th century; however the first printed constitutions of the Premier Grand Lodge of England appeared to bar them from the Craft forever.", "Freemasonry and women __knowledge__ The French \"Lodges of Adoption\" which spread through Continental Europe during the second half of the 18th century admitted Masons and their female relatives to a system of degrees parallel, but unrelated to the original rite.", "Freemasonry and women __knowledge__ After eclipse in the 19th century, they were revived as women-only lodges in the 20th, and these later adopted the male degrees to give rise to French women's Masonry in the 1950s.", "Freemasonry __knowledge__ Freemasonry or Masonry consists of fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local fraternities of stonemasons, which from the end of the fourteenth century regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients.", "Freemasonry __knowledge__ The degrees of freemasonry retain the three grades of medieval craft guilds, those of Apprentice, Journeyman or fellow (now called Fellowcraft), and Master Mason.", "Freemasonry __knowledge__ These are the degrees offered by Craft (or Blue Lodge) Freemasonry.", "Freemasonry __knowledge__ Members of these organisations are known as Freemasons or Masons.", "Freemasonry __knowledge__ There are additional degrees, which vary with locality and jurisdiction, and are usually administered by different bodies than the craft degrees.", "Holy Royal Arch __knowledge__ The Holy Royal Arch is a degree of Freemasonry.", "Holy Royal Arch __knowledge__ The Royal Arch is present in all main masonic systems, though in some it is worked as part of Craft ('mainstream') Freemasonry, and in others in an appendant ('additional') order.", "Holy Royal Arch __knowledge__ Royal Arch Masons meet as a \"Chapter\"; in the Supreme Order of the Holy Royal Arch as practised in the British Isles, much of Europe and the Commonwealth, Chapters confer the single degree of \"Royal Arch Mason\".", "Holy Royal Arch __knowledge__ In the British Isles, most of continental Europe (including the masonically expanding states of eastern Europe), and most nations of the Commonwealth (with the notable exception of Canada), the teachings of Royal Arch Masonry are contained in the \"\"Supreme Order of the Holy Royal Arch\"\" – a stand-alone degree of Freemasonry which is open to those who have completed the three Craft degrees.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ South African labour law regulates the relationship between employers, employees and trade unions in the Republic of South Africa.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ The Native Labour Regulations Act 1911 prohibited strikes by trade unions, introduced wage ceilings and a pass system for moving around jobs.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Over 70,000 Chinese labourers were brought in, and used by landowners to undercut the wages of other workers.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Among white workers, there was significant unrest, and major strikes took place in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 For a period of sixteen years, from 1979 to 1995, several critical developments occurred in the field of labour law in South Africa, beginning with a radical change in the first of these years, when a significant Commission of Enquiry was held, resulting in the establishment of an Industrial Court, which was given extensive powers to mould, change, shape and develop the law.", "Collegiate secret societies in North America __knowledge__ There are many collegiate secret societies in North America.", "Collegiate secret societies in North America __knowledge__ They vary greatly in their levels of secrecy and independence from their universities.", "Collegiate secret societies in North America __knowledge__ As the term is used in this article, a \"secret society\" is a collegiate society where significant effort is made to keep affairs, membership rolls, signs of recognition, initiation, or other aspects secret from the public.", "Collegiate secret societies in North America __knowledge__ Some collegiate secret societies are referred to as 'class societies', which restrict membership to one class year.", "Collegiate secret societies in North America __knowledge__ Most class societies are restricted to the senior class, and are therefore also called \"senior societies\" on many campuses.", "Trade union __knowledge__ A trade union or trades union, also called a labour union (Canada) or labor union (US), is an organization of workers who have come together to achieve common goals; such as protecting the integrity of its trade, improving safety standards, and attaining better wages, benefits (such as vacation, health care, and retirement), and working conditions through the increased bargaining power wielded by the creation of a monopoly of the workers.", "Trade union __knowledge__ The trade union, through its leadership, bargains with the employer on behalf of union members (rank and file members) and negotiates labour contracts (collective bargaining) with employers.", "Mexican Drug War __knowledge__ The Mexican Drug War (also known as the Mexican War on Drugs; ) is the Mexican theater of the United States' War on Drugs, involving an ongoing low-intensity asymmetric war between the Mexican Government and various drug trafficking syndicates.", "Mexican Drug War __knowledge__ Since 2006, when the Mexican military began to intervene, the government's principal goal has been to reduce the drug-related violence.", "Mexican Drug War __knowledge__ The Mexican government has asserted that their primary focus is on dismantling the powerful drug cartels, rather than on preventing drug trafficking, which is left to U.S. functionaries.", "Mexican Drug War __knowledge__ Although Mexican drug cartels, or drug trafficking organizations, have existed for several decades, their influence has increased since the demise of the Colombian Cali and Medellín cartels in the 1990s.", "Gulf Cartel __knowledge__ The Gulf Cartel (, \"Golfos\", or \"CDG\") is a criminal syndicate and drug trafficking organization in Mexico, and perhaps one of the oldest organized crime groups in the country.", "Gulf Cartel __knowledge__ It is currently based in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, directly across the border from Brownsville, Texas.", "Gulf Cartel __knowledge__ Their network is international, and are believed to have dealings with crime groups in Europe, West Africa, Asia, Central America, South America, and the United States.", "Gulf Cartel __knowledge__ Besides drug trafficking, the Gulf Cartel operates through protection rackets, assassinations, extortions, kidnappings, and other criminal activities.", "Gulf Cartel __knowledge__ The members of the Gulf Cartel are known for intimidating the population and for being particularly violent.", "Libertarian socialism __knowledge__ Libertarian socialism (or socialist libertarianism) is a group of anti-authoritarian political philosophies inside the socialist movement that rejects socialism as centralized state ownership and control of the economy.", "Libertarian socialism __knowledge__ Libertarian socialism also rejects the state itself, is close to and overlaps with left-libertarianism and criticizes wage labour relationships within the workplace, instead emphasizing workers' self-management of the workplace and decentralized structures of political organization.", "Libertarian socialism __knowledge__ It asserts that a society based on freedom and justice can be achieved through abolishing authoritarian institutions that control certain means of production and subordinate the majority to an owning class or political and economic elite." ] ]

[ 6, 7, 10, 11, 22 ]

[ "I am still doing my bachelors actually. The term \"bachelor\" used to refer to a knight bachelor who was too poor or young to father vassals under his own banner.", "A few other I can't think of right now. But by the end of the 13th century, the term was used by junior members of guilds or universities.", "A type of guild that formed were known as confraternities of tradesmen. Which may be where the for fraternity was derived from.", "Guilds were usually organizations of a certain professional association, trade union, cartel, or even a secret society.", "Yea they could be considered as one. Guilds depended on grants of letters patent by someone of authority to enforce the flow of trade to their self-employed members." ]

[ "Bachelor's degree", "Bachelor's degree", "Bachelor's degree", "Bachelor's degree", "Bachelor's degree" ]

[ "Badminton\nHey! Ever play badminton?", "It is? oh wow I didn't even think that was possible haha, never thought of it as much of a sport", "I'll definitely check up on that! Is it as entertaining as tennis?", "Makes sense, I remember how aerodynamic the ball (?) in badminton is. What is that thing called again?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Badminton __knowledge__ Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net.", "Badminton __knowledge__ Although it may be played with larger teams, the most common forms of the game are \"singles\" (with one player per side) and \"doubles\" (with two players per side).", "Badminton __knowledge__ Badminton is often played as a casual outdoor activity in a yard or on a beach; formal games are played on a rectangular indoor court.", "Badminton __knowledge__ Points are scored by striking the shuttlecock with the racquet and landing it within the opposing side's half of the court.", "Badminton __knowledge__ Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net.", "Badminton __knowledge__ Play ends once the shuttlecock has struck the floor or if a fault has been called by the umpire, service judge, or (in their absence) the opposing side.", "Badminton __knowledge__ The shuttlecock is a feathered or (in informal matches) plastic projectile which flies differently from the balls used in many other sports.", "Badminton __knowledge__ In particular, the feathers create much higher drag, causing the shuttlecock to decelerate more rapidly.", "Badminton __knowledge__ Shuttlecocks also have a high top speed compared to the balls in other racquet sports.", "Badminton __knowledge__ The flight of the shuttlecock gives the sport its distinctive nature.", "Badminton __knowledge__ The game developed in British India from the earlier game of battledore and shuttlecock.", "June Bevan __knowledge__ June Bevan (born 9 June 1931) is an Australian badminton player who has played on a national and international level.", "June Bevan __knowledge__ June Bevan (Christened Norma)was born in Parkes on 9 June 1931 to Norman and Lillian Single.", "June Bevan __knowledge__ They moved to Newcastle in 1935 where June went on to attend Dudley Primary School and then Hunter Girls High School.", "June Bevan __knowledge__ June's main sporting interests were netball and hockey, playing at 'A' grade level.", "June Bevan __knowledge__ Subsequently she decided to switch to badminton when a friend was talking to her on the bus, her friend wanted to get some boys together to play badminton.", "June Bevan __knowledge__ June said, \"That's right boys get to play and girls miss out\".", "Lin Dan __knowledge__ Lin Dan (born October 14, 1983) is a Chinese professional badminton player.", "Lin Dan __knowledge__ He is a two-time Olympic champion, five-time World champion, as well as a six-time All England champion.", "Lin Dan __knowledge__ Widely regarded as the greatest singles player of all time, by the age of 28 Lin had completed the \"Super Grand Slam\", having won all nine major titles in the badminton world: Olympic Games, World Championships, World Cup, Thomas Cup, Sudirman Cup, Super Series Masters Finals, All England Open, Asian Games, and Asian Championships, becoming the first and only player to achieve this feat.", "Lin Dan __knowledge__ He also became the first men's singles player to retain the Olympic gold medal by winning in 2008 and defending his title in 2012.", "China Badminton Super League __knowledge__ The China Badminton Super League () is the prime National team competition for badminton players in China.", "China Badminton Super League __knowledge__ The China Badminton Super League was re-launched in 2009 after a failing attempt seven years earlier.", "China Badminton Super League __knowledge__ Liu Fengyan, director of the Table Tennis and Badminton Administration Center under China’s State General Administration of Sport, announced the re-launch during the 50th anniversary meeting of the Chinese Badminton Association.", "China Badminton Super League __knowledge__ The China Badminton Super League (CBSL) has welcomed huge sponsorship deals hereby attracting top players from China and abroad to the participating teams.", "China Badminton Super League __knowledge__ The China Badminton Super League is a mixed team event, like the Sudirman Cup.", "Erland Kops __knowledge__ Erland Kops (14 January 1937 – 18 February 2017) was a badminton player from Denmark who won numerous major international singles and doubles titles from the late 1950s to the early 1970s.", "Erland Kops __knowledge__ In 1958, Erland Kops brought an end to eight years of dominance of by Malayan players at the All England Badminton Championships by winning its Men's Singles event.", "Erland Kops __knowledge__ Kops was also among the first Westerners to win major singles titles in the Far East.", "Erland Kops __knowledge__ He combined abundant speed, power, and stamina with impressive shot-making virtuosity.", "Erland Kops __knowledge__ Despite some disappointing results in the late rounds of Thomas Cup (men's international team) competition, Kops was clearly the dominant tournament men's singles player and one of the dominant men's doubles players of his era.", "Tang Jiuhong __knowledge__ Tang Jiuhong (; born February 14, 1969) is a former Chinese badminton star who was one of the world's leading women's singles players of the late 1980s and early 1990s.", "Tang Jiuhong __knowledge__ She won the then biennial World Championship in 1991 and was a semifinalist in the 1989 and 1993 competitions.", "Tang Jiuhong __knowledge__ She was a bronze medalist in women's singles at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics.", "Tang Jiuhong __knowledge__ Her international singles titles included the prestigious All England Championship in 1992, as well as the Belgian (1988), Thailand (1989), Danish (1989, 1990), Swiss (1989), Singapore (1990), Korean (1992), and Swedish Opens (1992); the World Badminton Grand Prix in 1989, the quadrennial Asian Games in 1990, and the Badminton World Cup in 1992.", "Wang Yihan __knowledge__ Wang Yihan (born January 18, 1988 in Shanghai) is a retired professional female badminton player from China and former women's singles world champion and Olympic silver medalist.", "Wang Yihan __knowledge__ Wang started her career with her coach Wang Pengren at only nine years of age.", "Wang Yihan __knowledge__ She was selected for the junior team in 2004, and after being promoted to the senior team in 2006 she began to shine in major tournaments.", "Wang Yihan __knowledge__ By October 2009 she was the top ranked Women's singles player in the world.", "Wang Yihan __knowledge__ Yihan was first included in China's junior side in 2004 before making it to the senior side two years later.", "Wang Yihan __knowledge__ In 2006, she won the girls' singles at both the Asian Junior and the World Junior Championships.", "Hey Hey It's Saturday __knowledge__ Hey Hey It's Saturday was a long-running variety television program on Australian television.", "Hey Hey It's Saturday __knowledge__ It initially ran for 27 years on the Nine Network from on 9 October 1971 to 20 November 1999 (there was a recess in 1978).", "Hey Hey It's Saturday __knowledge__ Its host throughout its entire run was Daryl Somers, who later also became executive producer of the program.", "Hey Hey It's Saturday __knowledge__ The original producer, Gavin Disney, left the program in the 1980s and Somers then jointly formed his own production company, \"Somers Carroll Productions\", with on-screen partner Ernie Carroll, the performer of Somers' puppet sidekick Ossie Ostrich.", "Hey Hey It's Saturday __knowledge__ On 25 July 2009, the Nine Network announced the show would return for two reunion specials in late 2009 and hinted if they rated strongly, the show could return full-time." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Badminton __knowledge__ Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net.", "Badminton __knowledge__ Although it may be played with larger teams, the most common forms of the game are \"singles\" (with one player per side) and \"doubles\" (with two players per side).", "Badminton __knowledge__ Badminton is often played as a casual outdoor activity in a yard or on a beach; formal games are played on a rectangular indoor court.", "Badminton __knowledge__ Points are scored by striking the shuttlecock with the racquet and landing it within the opposing side's half of the court.", "Badminton __knowledge__ Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net.", "Badminton __knowledge__ Play ends once the shuttlecock has struck the floor or if a fault has been called by the umpire, service judge, or (in their absence) the opposing side.", "Badminton __knowledge__ The shuttlecock is a feathered or (in informal matches) plastic projectile which flies differently from the balls used in many other sports.", "Badminton __knowledge__ In particular, the feathers create much higher drag, causing the shuttlecock to decelerate more rapidly.", "Badminton __knowledge__ Shuttlecocks also have a high top speed compared to the balls in other racquet sports.", "Badminton __knowledge__ The flight of the shuttlecock gives the sport its distinctive nature.", "Badminton __knowledge__ The game developed in British India from the earlier game of battledore and shuttlecock.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ \"Wow Oh Wow\" is a song by Irish hip pop duo Jedward.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It is the third single released from their second album, \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It was released as a digital download on 18 November 2011.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song is written by Oritsé Williams of boy band JLS, and songwriters Johannes Joergensen, Savan Kotecha, Daniel Klein of Deekay.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ In September 2011, \"Wow Oh Wow\" was announced as the third single from \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ Jedward debuted the song on Irish chat show \"The Late Late Show\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song was released as a digital-only single.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The music video was directed by Dale \"Rage\" Resteghini and filmed in Los Angeles, California in October 2011.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Ha Dong-hoon (; born on August 20, 1979), better known by his stage name Haha (), is a South Korean singer, variety show host and member of Skull & Haha.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the sitcom, \"Nonstop\" and for co-hosting two popular variety programs, MBC's \"Infinite Challenge\" and SBS's \"Running Man\".", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He has also hosted his own show, titled \"Ya Man TV\" on Mnet in 2015.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Haha was born on August 20, 1979 in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany and moved to Seoul, South Korea when he was an infant.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ His parents are both Korean, with his mother holding a doctorate in psychology, and he has an older sister, Ha Juri () who is a pianist, also with a doctorate.", "The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. __knowledge__ The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr., often referred to as just Brisco or Brisco County, is an American weird western television series created by Jeffrey Boam and Carlton Cuse.", "The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. __knowledge__ It ran for 27 episodes on the Fox network starting in the 1993–94 season.", "The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. __knowledge__ Set in the American West of 1893, the series follows its title character, a Harvard-educated lawyer-turned-bounty hunter hired by a group of wealthy industrialists to track and capture outlaw John Bly and his gang.", "The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. __knowledge__ Bruce Campbell plays Brisco, who is joined by a colorful group of supporting characters, including Julius Carry as fellow bounty hunter Lord Bowler and Christian Clemenson as stick-in-the-mud lawyer Socrates Poole.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"OMG\" is a song by American recording artist Usher and American rapper will.i.am, who also wrote and produced the song.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It uses the auto-tune effect in several lines, as well as \"Jock Jams\"-esque sports arena chanting.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It was released on March 22, 2010 as the first worldwide single off his sixth studio album, \"Raymond v. Raymond\", and the fourth single overall, following the three US singles \"Papers\", \"Hey Daddy (Daddy's Home)\", and \"Lil Freak\".", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was met with a mixed reception from critics, who criticized the use of auto-tune, but commended the song's dance and club vibe.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song marks the second time that Usher has collaborated with will.i.am, following the single \"What's Your Name\", from his previous album \"Here I Stand\" (2008).", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton served as the 67th United States Secretary of State, under President Barack Obama, from 2009 to 2013, overseeing the department that conducted the Foreign policy of Barack Obama.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ She was preceded in office by Condoleezza Rice, and succeeded by John Kerry.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ She is also the only former First Lady of the United States to become a member of the United States Cabinet.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ Within a week after the November 4, 2008, presidential election, President-elect Obama and Clinton discussed over telephone the possibility of her serving as U.S. Secretary of State in his administration.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ Clinton later related, \"He said I want you to be my secretary of state.", "Olympic sports __knowledge__ Olympic sports are sports contested in the Summer and Winter Olympic Games.", "Olympic sports __knowledge__ The 2016 Summer Olympics included 28 sports, with five additional sports due to be added to the 2020 Summer Olympics.", "Olympic sports __knowledge__ The 2014 Winter Olympics included seven sports.", "Olympic sports __knowledge__ The number and kinds of events may change slightly from one Olympiad to another.", "Olympic sports __knowledge__ Each Olympic sport is represented by an international governing body, namely an International Federation (IF).", "Olympic sports __knowledge__ The International Olympic Committee (IOC) establishes a hierarchy of sports, disciplines, and events.", "Olympic sports __knowledge__ According to this hierarchy, the Olympic sports can be subdivided into multiple disciplines, which are often assumed to be distinct sports.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ India is home to a diverse population playing many different sports across the country.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Football is a popular sport in some of the Indian states.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ India has won all the Kabaddi World Cups to date.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ The country has won eight Olympic gold medals in field hockey.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ However, cricket is the most popular sport in India.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Kabaddi, an indigenous sport is popular in rural India.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Several games originated in India including chess, snooker and other regional games.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ India has won medals in badminton, kabaddi, hockey and many other sports and disciplines.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Recently, different forms of martial arts have also gained a lot of prominence in India.", "Olympic Games __knowledge__ The modern Olympic Games or Olympics () are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions.", "Olympic Games __knowledge__ The Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating.", "Olympic Games __knowledge__ The Olympic Games are held every four years, with the Summer and Winter Games alternating by occurring every four years but two years apart.", "Olympic Games __knowledge__ Their creation was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, which were held in Olympia, Greece, from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD.", "American football __knowledge__ American football, referred to as football in the United States and Canada, and also known as gridiron football or simply gridiron, is a team sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end.", "American football __knowledge__ The offense, which is the team controlling the oval-shaped football, attempts to advance down the field by running with or passing the ball, while the defense, which is the team without control of the ball, aims to stop the offense's advance and aims to take control of the ball for themselves.", "American football __knowledge__ The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs, or plays, and otherwise they turn over the football to the defense; if the offense succeeds in advancing ten yards or more, they are given a new set of four downs.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Sports in the United States are an important part of the country's culture.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Based on revenue, the four major professional sports leagues in the United States are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Major League Soccer is sometimes included in a \"top five\" of leagues of the country.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ All four enjoy wide-ranging domestic media coverage and are considered the preeminent leagues in their respective sports in the world, although only basketball, baseball, and ice hockey have substantial followings in other nations.", "Avery Brundage __knowledge__ Avery Brundage (; September 28, 1887 – May 8, 1975) was the fifth president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), serving from 1952 to 1972.", "Avery Brundage __knowledge__ The only American to attain that position, Brundage is remembered as a zealous advocate of amateurism and for his involvement with the 1936 and 1972 Summer Olympics, both held in Germany.", "Avery Brundage __knowledge__ Brundage was born in Detroit in 1887 to a working-class family.", "Avery Brundage __knowledge__ When he was five years old, his father moved his family to Chicago and subsequently abandoned his wife and children.", "Avery Brundage __knowledge__ Raised mostly by relatives, he attended the University of Illinois to study engineering and became a track star.", "Sport in Ireland __knowledge__ The many sports played and followed in Ireland include Gaelic games (mainly Gaelic football, hurling and camogie), horse racing, show jumping, greyhound racing, basketball, fishing, handball, motor sport, MMA, boxing, target shooting and tennis.", "Sport in Ireland __knowledge__ Hockey, golf, rowing, cricket, rugby union and Olympic target shooting are organised in an all-island basis, with a single team representing the whole of Ireland in international competitions.", "Sport in Ireland __knowledge__ Other sports, such as soccer and netball, have separate organizing bodies in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.", "Sport in Ireland __knowledge__ As Northern Ireland is a constitute nation of the United Kingdom it also sends a Northern Ireland Team to the Commonwealth Games." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Badminton __knowledge__ Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net.", "Badminton __knowledge__ Although it may be played with larger teams, the most common forms of the game are \"singles\" (with one player per side) and \"doubles\" (with two players per side).", "Badminton __knowledge__ Badminton is often played as a casual outdoor activity in a yard or on a beach; formal games are played on a rectangular indoor court.", "Badminton __knowledge__ Points are scored by striking the shuttlecock with the racquet and landing it within the opposing side's half of the court.", "Badminton __knowledge__ Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net.", "Badminton __knowledge__ Play ends once the shuttlecock has struck the floor or if a fault has been called by the umpire, service judge, or (in their absence) the opposing side.", "Badminton __knowledge__ The shuttlecock is a feathered or (in informal matches) plastic projectile which flies differently from the balls used in many other sports.", "Badminton __knowledge__ In particular, the feathers create much higher drag, causing the shuttlecock to decelerate more rapidly.", "Badminton __knowledge__ Shuttlecocks also have a high top speed compared to the balls in other racquet sports.", "Badminton __knowledge__ The flight of the shuttlecock gives the sport its distinctive nature.", "Badminton __knowledge__ The game developed in British India from the earlier game of battledore and shuttlecock.", "Charles Downing Lay __knowledge__ Charles Downing Lay (September 3, 1877 – February 15, 1956) was an American landscape architect.", "Charles Downing Lay __knowledge__ The son of Oliver Ingraham Lay, a professional painter, and Hester Marian Wait Lay, Charles Downing Lay was born in Newburgh, New York.", "Charles Downing Lay __knowledge__ At age 7, Lay began spending summers with his grandmother in Stratford, Connecticut.", "Charles Downing Lay __knowledge__ Her house was located at 95 Chapel Street, which is approximately away from the banks of the Housatonic River.", "Charles Downing Lay __knowledge__ Lay spent much of his childhood in Stratford fishing, sailing, and swimming and developed a great appreciation for nature.", "Charles Downing Lay __knowledge__ The Housatonic, along with the Long Island Sound, would greatly influence the course of Lay's career.", "Pyro-Magnetics Corporation __knowledge__ Pyro-Magnetics Corporation was a Whitman, Massachusetts based manufacturer of industrial furnaces.", "Pyro-Magnetics Corporation __knowledge__ The business produced a processor for disposing hazardous wastes.", "Pyro-Magnetics Corporation __knowledge__ The product's technical requirements were approved by the Environmental Protection Agency in June 1982.", "Pyro-Magnetics Corporation __knowledge__ In late 1982 the corporation sold its two operating units to pay debts and after the sale few of its employees remained.", "Pyro-Magnetics Corporation __knowledge__ The Pyro-Magnetics Corporation filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy at a federal bankruptcy court in Whitman, in April 1983.", "Pyro-Magnetics Corporation __knowledge__ Prior to this the firm embarked on an unsuccessful attempt to raise cash by developing commercial applications for its high-temperature melting technology.", "Marvel Animated Features __knowledge__ Marvel Animated Features (MAF) is a series of eight direct-to-video animated films made by MLG Productions, a joint venture between Marvel Studios (later Marvel Animation) and Lions Gate Entertainment.", "Marvel Animated Features __knowledge__ In 2004, Marvel Entertainment, Marvel Comics' new parent corporation, struck a deal with Lions Gate Entertainment to produce a series of eight to ten direct-to-video animated movies under the name of Marvel Animated Features in conjunction with Marvel Studios, Marvel's direct film subsidiary.", "Marvel Animated Features __knowledge__ The first two features, \"Ultimate Avengers – The Movie\" and \"Ultimate Avengers 2\", were released February 2006 and August 2006 respectively.", "Charles Downing (pomologist) __knowledge__ Charles Downing (July 9, 1802 – January 18, 1885), was an American pomologist, horticulturist, and author.", "Charles Downing (pomologist) __knowledge__ Although not as well known to the public as his brother Andrew Jackson Downing, Charles established a sound reputation for his creative work in pomology.", "Charles Downing (pomologist) __knowledge__ Born in Newburgh, New York, his taste for horticultural pursuits was early stimulated by close contact with a nursery owned by his father, Samuel Downing.", "Charles Downing (pomologist) __knowledge__ Even while attending an academy in the neighborhood he worked a portion of the time in this nursery.", "Charles Downing (pomologist) __knowledge__ Upon the death of his father in 1822, he succeeded to the entire charge of the establishment.", "Charles Downing __knowledge__ Charles Downing (died 1845) was a Delegate to the US House of Representatives from the Florida Territory.", "Charles Downing __knowledge__ He was born in Virginia, although it is unknown when.", "Charles Downing __knowledge__ In his life, Downing studied law, and after being admitted to The Florida Bar, practiced in St. Augustine, Florida.", "Charles Downing __knowledge__ Initially a member of the Legislative Council of the Territory of Florida, Downing was elected to the Twenty-fifth United States Congress, and took office on March 4, 1837.", "Charles Downing __knowledge__ Two years later, he was re-elected to the Twenty-sixth United States Congress, and his term ended on March 3, 1841.", "Charles Downing __knowledge__ Charles Downing died St. Augustine, Florida.", "Mobile Orchestra __knowledge__ Mobile Orchestra is the fifth studio album by American electronica project Owl City, which was released on July 10, 2015.", "Mobile Orchestra __knowledge__ In 2014, Owl City released an EP called \"Ultraviolet\" and released \"Beautiful Times\" as the lead single.", "Mobile Orchestra __knowledge__ Following the release, Young stated his intent to release a steady \"series of EPs\" in 2014 rather than one larger recording.", "Mobile Orchestra __knowledge__ On October 7, 2014, Young released two new songs simultaneously, \"You're Not Alone\" (featuring Britt Nicole) and \"Tokyo\" (featuring Sekai no Owari).", "Mobile Orchestra __knowledge__ The former would eventually become part of the international edition of the album while the latter would become the fourth track of the Japanese edition.", "Xubuntu __knowledge__ Xubuntu is a Canonical Ltd.-recognized, community-maintained derivative of the Ubuntu operating system.", "Xubuntu __knowledge__ The name \"Xubuntu\" is a portmanteau of \"Xfce\" and \"Ubuntu\", as it uses the Xfce desktop environment, instead of Ubuntu's Unity.", "Xubuntu __knowledge__ Xubuntu's goals are to: Xubuntu was originally intended to be released at the same time as Ubuntu 5.10 \"Breezy Badger\", 13 October 2005, but the work was not complete by that date.", "Xubuntu __knowledge__ Instead the Xubuntu name was used for the \"xubuntu-desktop\" metapackage available through the Synaptic Package Manager which installed the Xfce desktop.", "Xubuntu __knowledge__ The first official Xubuntu release, led by Jani Monoses, appeared on 1 June 2006, as part of the Ubuntu 6.06 \"Dapper Drake\" line, which also included Kubuntu and Edubuntu.", "Marina Erakovic __knowledge__ Marina Erakovic ( ; ; born 6 March 1988) is a tennis player from New Zealand.", "Marina Erakovic __knowledge__ Her career high Women's Tennis Association (WTA) rankings are world No.", "Marina Erakovic __knowledge__ 39 for singles, achieved in May 2012, and No.", "Marina Erakovic __knowledge__ 25 in doubles, achieved in June 2013.", "Marina Erakovic __knowledge__ She has won one WTA singles title, at Memphis in February 2013, and eight WTA doubles titles.", "Marina Erakovic __knowledge__ Erakovic was born in Split, Croatia (then part of Yugoslavia), and emigrated to Auckland, New Zealand, in 1994 as a 6-year-old with her family.", "Marina Erakovic __knowledge__ She attended St Thomas's Primary School and Glendowie College in Auckland.", "Marina Erakovic __knowledge__ Erakovic and Monica Niculescu were the runners-up to Victoria Azarenka and Olga Govortsova (Belarusian spelling being Volha Havartsova) in the 2004 Wimbledon Championships girls' doubles, before Erakovic teamed with Michaëlla Krajicek to win the 2004 US Open girls' doubles title, beating Niculescu and her Romanian teammate Mădălina Gojnea.", "History of the Australia Fed Cup team __knowledge__ The history of the Australia Fed Cup team dates back to the first ever Federation Cup in 1963 Australia was one of sixteen nations that competed in the first Fed Cup competition in 1963, at Queen's Club in London.", "History of the Australia Fed Cup team __knowledge__ The first team consisted of doubles and singles Grand Slam winner and World No.", "History of the Australia Fed Cup team __knowledge__ 1 Margaret Smith, Australian Open singles finalist and doubles winner Jan O'Neill, and multi-Grand Slam winner Lesley Turner.", "History of the Australia Fed Cup team __knowledge__ It was also captained by Nell Hall Hopman, who was also a major tennis player and one of the key campaigners for the tournament's introduction.", "History of the Australia Fed Cup team __knowledge__ As a result of their eminent team, the Australians were able to defeat the Belgians, Hungarians and South Africans all without losing a rubber to reach the final against the United States.", "Philip Bester __knowledge__ Philip Bester (born October 6, 1988) is a Canadian former professional tennis player of Polish descent from North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.", "Philip Bester __knowledge__ Bester was a finalist at the 2006 junior French Open.", "Philip Bester __knowledge__ In doing so he became the first Canadian male to reach a Grand Slam final in singles.", "Philip Bester __knowledge__ Bester was coached by his dad Alek Bester from age 5 when he started.", "Philip Bester __knowledge__ Alek, a long time P.E.", "Philip Bester __knowledge__ teacher at York House School in Vancouver, was the core of Philip's physical and tennis development till around the age of 16.", "Philip Bester __knowledge__ Rufus Nel a high performance coach from South Africa was also a big part of Philip's early development, contributing his tennis knowledge and expertise on the game of tennis.", "Sania Mirza __knowledge__ Sania Mirza (; born 15 November 1986) is an Indian professional tennis player who was formerly ranked No.", "Sania Mirza __knowledge__ 1 in the women's doubles rankings.", "Sania Mirza __knowledge__ From 2003 until her retirement from singles in 2013, she was ranked by the WTA as India's No.", "Sania Mirza __knowledge__ 1 player doubles.", "Sania Mirza __knowledge__ Throughout her career, Mirza has established herself as the most successful female Indian tennis player ever and one of the highest-paid and high-profile athletes in the country.", "Sania Mirza __knowledge__ In her singles career, Mirza has notable wins over Svetlana Kuznetsova, Vera Zvonareva and Marion Bartoli; as well as former world No.", "Sania Mirza __knowledge__ 1s Martina Hingis, Dinara Safina, and Victoria Azarenka.", "Venus Williams __knowledge__ Venus Ebony Starr Williams (born June 17, 1980) is an American professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No.", "Venus Williams __knowledge__ 8 in the WTA singles rankings.", "Venus Williams __knowledge__ She is generally regarded as one of the all-time greats of women's tennis and, along with younger sister Serena Williams, is credited with ushering in a new era of power and athleticism on the women's professional tennis tour.", "Venus Williams __knowledge__ Williams has been ranked world No.", "Venus Williams __knowledge__ 1 by the Women's Tennis Association on three occasions, for a total of 11 weeks.", "Venus Williams __knowledge__ She first became the world No.", "Venus Williams __knowledge__ 1 on February 25, 2002, the first African American woman to do so in the Open Era.", "Jwala Gutta __knowledge__ Jwala Gutta (born 7 September 1983) is a left-handed Indian badminton player.", "Jwala Gutta __knowledge__ Born in Wardha to an Indian father and Chinese mother, she began playing badminton at a young age.", "Jwala Gutta __knowledge__ She is India's most successful doubles specialist, and has won the National Badminton Championships fourteen times.", "Jwala Gutta __knowledge__ Having represented India at the international circuit since the late 1990s till 2017, partnering Shruti Kurien earlier in her career, Gutta found greater international success with Ashwini Ponnappa.", "Jwala Gutta __knowledge__ The pair consistently figured among the top-twenty in the BWF World Ranking reaching as high as no.", "Jwala Gutta __knowledge__ 10 in 2015." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Badminton __knowledge__ Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net.", "Badminton __knowledge__ Although it may be played with larger teams, the most common forms of the game are \"singles\" (with one player per side) and \"doubles\" (with two players per side).", "Badminton __knowledge__ Badminton is often played as a casual outdoor activity in a yard or on a beach; formal games are played on a rectangular indoor court.", "Badminton __knowledge__ Points are scored by striking the shuttlecock with the racquet and landing it within the opposing side's half of the court.", "Badminton __knowledge__ Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net.", "Badminton __knowledge__ Play ends once the shuttlecock has struck the floor or if a fault has been called by the umpire, service judge, or (in their absence) the opposing side.", "Badminton __knowledge__ The shuttlecock is a feathered or (in informal matches) plastic projectile which flies differently from the balls used in many other sports.", "Badminton __knowledge__ In particular, the feathers create much higher drag, causing the shuttlecock to decelerate more rapidly.", "Badminton __knowledge__ Shuttlecocks also have a high top speed compared to the balls in other racquet sports.", "Badminton __knowledge__ The flight of the shuttlecock gives the sport its distinctive nature.", "Badminton __knowledge__ The game developed in British India from the earlier game of battledore and shuttlecock.", "Tuhin Sinha __knowledge__ Tuhin A. Sinha is an Indian author and politician.", "Tuhin Sinha __knowledge__ He is known for the novels \"The Edge of Power\", \"The Edge of Desire\", \"Of Love and Politics\", \"That Thing Called Love\", \"22 Yards\", \"Let The Reason Be Love\" and \"Daddy.\"", "Tuhin Sinha __knowledge__ He is presently the Mumbai BJP spokesperson.", "Tuhin Sinha __knowledge__ Tuhin was born and brought up in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand.", "Tuhin Sinha __knowledge__ He completed his schooling at Loyola School, and obtained a B. Com.", "Tuhin Sinha __knowledge__ (H) from the Hindu College, University of Delhi and post-graduate diploma in advertising and communications management from the National Institute of Advertising, New Delhi.", "Tuhin Sinha __knowledge__ In September 2000, Tuhin shifted to Mumbai to pursue a career in the entertainment industry.", "Mind __knowledge__ The mind is a set of cognitive faculties including consciousness, perception, thinking, judgement, language and memory.", "Mind __knowledge__ It is usually defined as the faculty of an entity's thoughts and consciousness.", "Mind __knowledge__ It holds the power of imagination, recognition, and appreciation, and is responsible for processing feelings and emotions, resulting in attitudes and actions.", "Mind __knowledge__ There is a lengthy tradition in philosophy, religion, psychology, and cognitive science about what constitutes a mind and what are its distinguishing properties.", "Mind __knowledge__ One open question regarding the nature of the mind is the mind–body problem, which investigates the relation of the mind to the physical brain and nervous system.", "Freddie Mercury __knowledge__ Farrokh \"Freddie\" Mercury (born Bulsara; 5 September 194624 November 1991) was a British singer, songwriter and record producer, known as the lead vocalist of the rock band Queen.", "Freddie Mercury __knowledge__ He was known for his flamboyant stage persona and four-octave vocal range.", "Freddie Mercury __knowledge__ Mercury wrote numerous hits for Queen, including \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", \"Killer Queen\", \"Somebody to Love\", \"Don't Stop Me Now\", \"Crazy Little Thing Called Love\", and \"We Are the Champions\".", "Freddie Mercury __knowledge__ He led a solo career while performing with Queen, and occasionally served as a producer and guest musician for other artists.", "Freddie Mercury __knowledge__ Mercury was born of Parsi descent in the Sultanate of Zanzibar, and grew up there and in India before moving with his family to Middlesex, England, in his teens.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ There are many varieties of criticism.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ This article describes common types that occur regularly in everyday life.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ For other criteria that classify criticisms, see this page.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ For more subject-specific information, see the pages on topics such as art, film, literature, theatre, or architecture.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ Aesthetic criticism is a part of aesthetics concerned with critically judging beauty and ugliness, tastefulness and tastelessness, style and fashion, meaning and quality of design—and issues of human sentiment and affect (the evoking of pleasure and pain, likes and dislikes).", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ Most parts of human life have an aesthetic dimension, which means there is plenty potential for criticism.", "Crazy Little Thing Called Love __knowledge__ \"Crazy Little Thing Called Love\" is a song by the British rock band Queen.", "Crazy Little Thing Called Love __knowledge__ Written by Freddie Mercury in 1979, the track is featured on their 1980 album \"The Game\", and also appears on the band's compilation album, \"Greatest Hits\" in 1981.", "Crazy Little Thing Called Love __knowledge__ The song peaked at number two in the UK Singles Chart in 1979, and became the group's first number-one single on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in the US in 1980, remaining there for four consecutive weeks.", "Crazy Little Thing Called Love __knowledge__ It topped the Australian ARIA Charts for seven weeks.", "Crazy Little Thing Called Love __knowledge__ Having composed \"Crazy Little Thing Called Love\" on guitar, Mercury played rhythm guitar while performing the song live, which was the first time he played guitar in concert with Queen.", "External ballistics __knowledge__ External ballistics or exterior ballistics is the part of ballistics that deals with the behavior of a projectile in flight.", "External ballistics __knowledge__ The projectile may be powered or un-powered, guided or unguided, spin or fin stabilized, flying through an atmosphere or in the vacuum of space, but most certainly flying under the influence of a gravitational field.", "External ballistics __knowledge__ Gun-launched projectiles may be unpowered, deriving all their velocity from the propellant's ignition until the projectile exits the gun barrel.", "External ballistics __knowledge__ However, exterior ballistics analysis also deals with the trajectories of rocket assisted gun-launched projectiles and gun launched rockets; and rockets that acquire all their trajectory velocity from the interior ballistics of their on-board propulsion system, either a rocket motor or air-breathing engine, both during their boost phase and after motor burnout.", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles).", "Tennis __knowledge__ Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent's court.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The object of the game is to play the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point, while the opposite player will.", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket, including wheelchair users.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ Novak Djokovic (, ; born 22 May 1987) is a Serbian professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ 14 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ Djokovic has won 12 Grand Slam singles titles, five ATP Finals titles, 30 Masters 1000 series titles, 12 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, and has held the No.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ 1 spot in the ATP rankings for a total of 223 weeks.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ In majors, Djokovic has won six Australian Open titles, three Wimbledon titles, two US Open titles and one French Open title.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ In 2016, he became the eighth player in history to achieve the Career Grand Slam.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ Roger Federer (; born 8 August 1981) is a Swiss professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ 2 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ Federer has won 20 Grand Slam singles titles, the most in history for a male player and has held the world No.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ 1 spot in the ATP rankings for 302 weeks, including 237 consecutive weeks.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ After turning professional in 1998, he was continuously ranked in the top ten from October 2002 to November 2016.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ He re-entered the top ten following his victory at the 2017 Australian Open.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ In majors, Federer has won a record eight Wimbledon titles, a joint record six Australian Open titles, a record five consecutive US Open titles and one French Open title.", "Table tennis __knowledge__ Table tennis, also known as ping pong, is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight ball back and forth across a table using small bats.", "Table tennis __knowledge__ The game takes place on a hard table divided by a net.", "Table tennis __knowledge__ Except for the initial serve, the rules are generally as follows: players must allow a ball played toward them to bounce one time on their side of the table, and must return it so that it bounces on the opposite side at least once.", "Table tennis __knowledge__ A point is scored when a player fails to return the ball within the rules.", "Table tennis __knowledge__ Play is fast and demands quick reactions.", "Table tennis __knowledge__ Spinning the ball alters its trajectory and limits an opponent's options, giving the hitter a great advantage.", "Racquetball __knowledge__ Racquetball is a racquet sport played with a hollow rubber ball in an indoor or outdoor court.", "Racquetball __knowledge__ Joseph Sobek is credited with inventing the modern sport of racquetball in 1950, adding a stringed racquet to paddleball in order to increase velocity and control.", "Racquetball __knowledge__ Unlike most racquet sports, such as tennis and badminton, there is no net to hit the ball over, and, unlike squash, no tin (out of bounds area at the bottom of front wall) to hit the ball above.", "Racquetball __knowledge__ Also, the court's walls, floor, and ceiling are legal playing surfaces, with the exception of court-specific designated hinders being out-of-bounds.", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ The Federer–Nadal rivalry is between two professional tennis players, Roger Federer of Switzerland and Rafael Nadal of Spain.", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ They are engaged in a storied rivalry, which many consider to be the greatest in tennis history.", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ They have played 38 times, most recently in the final of the 2017 Shanghai Masters and Nadal leads their fourteen-year-old rivalry with an overall record of 23–15 (9–3 in majors).", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ Of their 38 matches, 20 have been on hard court, 15 have been on clay, and three have been on grass.", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ The results of their matches are somewhat polarized by playing surface, with Nadal leading Federer on clay (13–2), but with Federer having an edge on both hard courts (11–9) and grass (2–1)." ] ]

[ 0, 2, 0, 7 ]

[ "I did in high school once. Crazy to think it's an Olympic sport!", "Yeah, you should watch it on YouTube. I think they only play doubles in the Olympics, although badminton can be played as singles as well.", "It's definitely quicker than tennis! Tennis is fast and hard, but badminton is played so quickly that the time between each side's strikes is less than a second!", "Great question! It's called a shuttlecock, which is a ball with feathers attached to it to create drag." ]

[ "Badminton", "Badminton", "Badminton", "Badminton" ]

[ "Arnold Schwarzenegger", "Wow, that's young! Did he enter any weight lifting competitions?", "Neither am I! LOL! He's really strong! How much can he lift?", "LOL! Does he still lift, or did he retire from lifting?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (; ; born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian-American actor, producer, businessman, investor, author, philanthropist, activist, politician, and former professional bodybuilder.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He served two terms as the 38th Governor of California from 2003 to 2011.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ Schwarzenegger began weight training at the age of 15.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He won the Mr. Universe title at age 20 and went on to win the Mr. Olympia contest seven times, remaining a prominent presence in bodybuilding and writing many books and articles on the sport.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ The Arnold Sports Festival, considered one of the best professional bodybuilding competitions in recent years, is named after him.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He is widely considered to be one of the greatest bodybuilders of all time as well as that sport's most charismatic ambassador.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ Schwarzenegger gained worldwide fame as a Hollywood action-film icon.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ His breakthrough film was the sword-and-sorcery epic \"Conan the Barbarian\" in 1982, a box-office hit that resulted in a sequel.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ In 1984, he appeared in the title role of James Cameron's critically and commercially successful science-fiction thriller film \"The Terminator\".", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He subsequently reprised the Terminator character in the franchise's later installments: \"\" (1991), \"\" (2003), and \"Terminator Genisys\" (2015)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (; ; born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian-American actor, producer, businessman, investor, author, philanthropist, activist, politician, and former professional bodybuilder.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He served two terms as the 38th Governor of California from 2003 to 2011.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ Schwarzenegger began weight training at the age of 15.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He won the Mr. Universe title at age 20 and went on to win the Mr. Olympia contest seven times, remaining a prominent presence in bodybuilding and writing many books and articles on the sport.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ The Arnold Sports Festival, considered one of the best professional bodybuilding competitions in recent years, is named after him.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He is widely considered to be one of the greatest bodybuilders of all time as well as that sport's most charismatic ambassador.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ Schwarzenegger gained worldwide fame as a Hollywood action-film icon.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ His breakthrough film was the sword-and-sorcery epic \"Conan the Barbarian\" in 1982, a box-office hit that resulted in a sequel.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ In 1984, he appeared in the title role of James Cameron's critically and commercially successful science-fiction thriller film \"The Terminator\".", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He subsequently reprised the Terminator character in the franchise's later installments: \"\" (1991), \"\" (2003), and \"Terminator Genisys\" (2015).", "Mark Berry (author) __knowledge__ Mark H. Barry was a successful national weight lifting champion, author and trainer.", "Mark Berry (author) __knowledge__ He was born in Chicago in 1896 the son of an engineer and inventor.", "Mark Berry (author) __knowledge__ His father's family was of Scottish descent by way of Northern Ireland and his mother's family traces their origins to New Amsterdam in the 1600s.", "Mark Berry (author) __knowledge__ He was the U.S. Olympic Weightlifting coach at the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics and the 1936 Berlin Olympics.", "Mark Berry (author) __knowledge__ He was the first Olympic weight lifting coach for the U.S.", "Mark Berry (author) __knowledge__ He was a successful feather weight champion in the American continental weight-lifters association (ACWLA) in the mid-1920s.", "Mark Berry (author) __knowledge__ After his success as a weight lifter he focused on teaching others.", "Shelley Beattie __knowledge__ Shelley Beattie (August 24, 1967 – February 16, 2008) was a professional female bodybuilder and actress.", "Shelley Beattie __knowledge__ At the peak of her competitive career as a professional bodybuilder, Beattie reached the top three at the Ms. International and Ms. Olympia contests, the two most prestigious shows for female professional bodybuilders.", "Shelley Beattie __knowledge__ She was one of the few deaf professional female bodybuilders in the world, making the cover of DeafLife magazine twice in the 1990s.", "Shelley Beattie __knowledge__ After her retirement she joined the Grinder on America3's America's Cup team and managed to reach second place in both 1994 and 1995.", "Shelley Beattie __knowledge__ In 2008, she committed suicide.", "Budokan karate __knowledge__ Chew Choo Soot was born in Alor Star, a Northern State of Peninsula, Malaysia, on February 7, 1922.", "Budokan karate __knowledge__ As an infant, his father died and so he was brought up under the strict discipline of his grandfather, an elderly Confucian scholar of the old school of China, who believed in education through books and not in martial arts.", "Budokan karate __knowledge__ At 15 years of age, Chew became very interested in weight lifting and enrolled for training at a small body building club in Epoh.", "Budokan karate __knowledge__ Due to his dedication and training, he became the national Malaysian weight lifting champion in both the feather weight and the light weight classes in 1939, 1941 and 1942.", "Joe Tofflemire __knowledge__ Joseph Salvatore \"Joe\" Tofflemire (July 7, 1965 – September 27, 2011) was a Center in the National Football League who played for the Seattle Seahawks drafted in the 2nd round as the 44th pick overall in the 1989 NFL draft and played college football at the University of Arizona.", "Joe Tofflemire __knowledge__ Tofflemire was a 1989 graduate of The University of Arizona starting all four years at the position of Center becoming the best in Wildcat history.", "Joe Tofflemire __knowledge__ Originally recruited as a linebacker he was quickly converted back to Center which is what he played in high school.", "Joe Tofflemire __knowledge__ Tofflemire was a first team Playboy All-American and first team College Football News (CFN) All-American in 1988, and was second team All-American selection for CFN in 1986 and 1987.", "Brick Bronsky __knowledge__ Jeffrey \"Jeff\" Beltzner (born 1964), also known by his ring name Brick Bronsky, is an American actor, film producer, professional wrestler and sports promoter.", "Brick Bronsky __knowledge__ He gained particular notoriety for starring in a string of films for Troma Studios during the early-1990s, most notably, in \"Sgt.", "Brick Bronsky __knowledge__ Kabukiman N.Y.P.D.\"", "Brick Bronsky __knowledge__ (1990), \"\" (1991), and \"\" (1994); he also had a small role in Jean-Claude Van Damme's \"The Quest\" (1996).", "Brick Bronsky __knowledge__ Beltzner was a bodybuilder prior to entering pro wrestling.", "Brick Bronsky __knowledge__ He won a number of power lifting competitions in Pennsylvania and the Tri-State area as a teenager and qualified for the Mr. America bodybuilding competition after becoming Mr. Teen-age Pennsylvania in 1984.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Conan the Barbarian (1982 film) __knowledge__ Conan the Barbarian is a 1982 American fantasy adventure film directed and co-written by John Milius.", "Conan the Barbarian (1982 film) __knowledge__ It is based on stories by Robert E. Howard, a pulp-fiction writer of the 1930s, about the adventures of the eponymous character in a fictional prehistoric world of dark magic and savagery.", "Conan the Barbarian (1982 film) __knowledge__ The film stars Arnold Schwarzenegger and James Earl Jones, and tells the story of a young barbarian (Schwarzenegger), who seeks vengeance for the death of his parents at the hands of Thulsa Doom (Jones), the leader of a snake cult.", "Conan the Barbarian (1982 film) __knowledge__ Buzz Feitshans and Raffaella De Laurentiis produced the film for her father Dino De Laurentiis, with Edward R. Pressman as an executive producer.", "Political career of Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ Arnold Schwarzenegger is an actor and former bodybuilder who served as Governor of California from November 2003 to January 2011 after being first elected in the 2003 recall election and having won re-election in 2006.", "Political career of Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ It is the first elected office he has held, but was appointed by President George H.W.", "Political career of Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ Bush to the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, in which he served from 1990 to 1993 and was Chairman of California Governor's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports under Governor Pete Wilson.", "Political career of Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ Schwarzenegger is a registered Republican.", "Political career of Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He describes himself as fiscally conservative and socially moderate (e.g., he is pro-choice, supports taxpayer-funded embryonic stem cell research, and supports same-sex marriage).", "Bodybuilding __knowledge__ Bodybuilding is the use of progressive resistance exercise to control and develop one's musculature.", "Bodybuilding __knowledge__ An individual who engages in this activity is referred to as a bodybuilder.", "Bodybuilding __knowledge__ In professional bodybuilding, bodybuilders appear in lineups and perform specified poses (and later individual posing routines) for a panel of judges who rank the competitors based on criteria such as symmetry, muscularity, and conditioning.", "Bodybuilding __knowledge__ Bodybuilders prepare for competitions through a combination of intentional dehydration, elimination of nonessential body fat, and carbohydrate loading to achieve maximum vascularity, as well as tanning to accentuate muscular definition.", "Dolph Lundgren __knowledge__ Hans \"Dolph\" Lundgren (; born 3 November 1957) is a Swedish actor, director, screenwriter, producer, and martial artist.", "Dolph Lundgren __knowledge__ Lundgren received a degree in chemical engineering from the Royal Institute of Technology in the early 1980s and a master's degree in chemical engineering from the University of Sydney in 1982.", "Dolph Lundgren __knowledge__ He holds the rank of 3rd \"dan\" black belt in Kyokushin karate and was European champion in 1980-81.", "Dolph Lundgren __knowledge__ While in Sydney, he became a bodyguard for Jamaican singer Grace Jones and began a relationship with her.", "Dolph Lundgren __knowledge__ He received a Fulbright scholarship to MIT and moved to Boston.", "Dolph Lundgren __knowledge__ Jones convinced him to leave the university and move to New York City to be with her and begin acting, where, after a short stint as a model and bouncer at the Manhattan nightclub The Limelight, Lundgren got a small debut role as a KGB henchman in the James Bond film \"A View to a Kill\", in which Jones starred.", "California gubernatorial recall election __knowledge__ The 2003 California gubernatorial recall election was a special election permitted under California state law.", "California gubernatorial recall election __knowledge__ It resulted in voters replacing incumbent Democratic Governor Gray Davis with Republican Arnold Schwarzenegger.", "California gubernatorial recall election __knowledge__ Davis was ineligible to run for a third term due to term limits after the recall election.", "California gubernatorial recall election __knowledge__ The recall effort spanned the latter half of 2003.", "California gubernatorial recall election __knowledge__ Other California governors, including Pat Brown, Ronald Reagan, Jerry Brown, and Pete Wilson, had faced unsuccessful recall attempts.", "California gubernatorial recall election __knowledge__ After several legal and procedural efforts failed to stop it, California's first-ever gubernatorial recall election was held on October 7, and the results were certified on November 14, 2003, making Davis the first governor recalled in the history of California, and just the second in U.S. history (the first was North Dakota's 1921 recall of Lynn Frazier).", "The Terminator __knowledge__ The Terminator is a 1984 American science-fiction action film directed by James Cameron.", "The Terminator __knowledge__ It stars Arnold Schwarzenegger as the Terminator, a cyborg assassin sent back in time from 2029 to 1984 to kill Sarah Connor (Linda Hamilton), whose son will one day become a savior against machines in a post-apocalyptic future.", "The Terminator __knowledge__ Michael Biehn plays Kyle Reese, a soldier from the future sent back in time to protect Connor.", "The Terminator __knowledge__ The screenplay is credited to Cameron, along with producer Gale Anne Hurd.", "The Terminator __knowledge__ Executive producers John Daly and Derek Gibson of Hemdale Film Corporation were instrumental in the film's financing and production." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (; ; born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian-American actor, producer, businessman, investor, author, philanthropist, activist, politician, and former professional bodybuilder.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He served two terms as the 38th Governor of California from 2003 to 2011.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ Schwarzenegger began weight training at the age of 15.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He won the Mr. Universe title at age 20 and went on to win the Mr. Olympia contest seven times, remaining a prominent presence in bodybuilding and writing many books and articles on the sport.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ The Arnold Sports Festival, considered one of the best professional bodybuilding competitions in recent years, is named after him.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He is widely considered to be one of the greatest bodybuilders of all time as well as that sport's most charismatic ambassador.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ Schwarzenegger gained worldwide fame as a Hollywood action-film icon.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ His breakthrough film was the sword-and-sorcery epic \"Conan the Barbarian\" in 1982, a box-office hit that resulted in a sequel.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ In 1984, he appeared in the title role of James Cameron's critically and commercially successful science-fiction thriller film \"The Terminator\".", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He subsequently reprised the Terminator character in the franchise's later installments: \"\" (1991), \"\" (2003), and \"Terminator Genisys\" (2015).", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Robert James Smith (born 21 April 1959) is an English singer, songwriter and musician.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He is the lead singer, guitarist, multi instrumentalist, lyricist, principal songwriter and only consistent member of the rock band The Cure, which he co-founded in 1976.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He was also the lead guitarist for the band Siouxsie and the Banshees from 1982 to 1984 and was part of the short-lived group The Glove in 1983.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith is known for his distinctive voice and unique stage look, the latter of which was influential on the Goth subculture that rose to prominence in the 1980s.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith was born in the Lancashire town of Blackpool and is the third of four children born to James Alexander and Rita Mary (née Emmott) Smith.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ This Is England '90 is a 2015 British TV drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne and produced by Warp Films.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ A spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\", it is also a sequel to the series \"This Is England '86\" and \"This Is England '88\".", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ \"This Is England '90\" was originally due in late 2012, but in July 2012, Meadows announced that the production had been put on hold in order for him to complete his The Stone Roses, and the actors were still waiting for confirmation as to when filming would start.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ In March 2014, Meadows confirmed that shooting would start later in the year although he had not yet finished the script.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ Le ravissement de Lol V. Stein is a novel written by Marguerite Duras and published in France by Gallimard in 1964.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was translated by Richard Seaver and published as \"The Ravishing of Lol Stein\" in the US by Grove Press in 1966.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was also translated by Eileen Ellenbogen in the UK as \"The rapture of Lol V. Stein\" for Hamish Hamilton in 1967.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ At the beginning of the novel, Lol Stein (her middle initial is omitted in the English translation) is a woman in her thirties.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ She was born and raised in South Tahla in a bourgeois family and is engaged to Michael Richardson at 19.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ However, at a ball in the seaside resort of Town Beach, Michael Richardson leaves Lol for Anne-Marie Stretter, an older woman.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ This Is England '88 is a 2011 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne as a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ It is also a sequel to the 2010 television sequel-series \"This Is England '86\", set two and a half years later and starring as previously Thomas Turgoose as Shaun, Vicky McClure as Lol and Joe Gilgun as Woody.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ Set during Christmas 1988, Lol is haunted by the devastating events that took place two and a half years before.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ She and Woody both find themselves struggling to cope with their lives without each other after he leaves the gang.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ Lol is carrying the burden of her guilt, whilst Woody is trying to build a domestic life with a new girlfriend and a potential promotion at work.", "Lawrence Plackett __knowledge__ Lawrence Plackett, known as Lol Plackett, (born 1869) was an English footballer who played for Derby County and Nottingham Forest.", "Lawrence Plackett __knowledge__ His brother Harry was also a footballer.", "Lawrence Plackett __knowledge__ Lol Plackett joined Derby County sometime in 1886 and he was signed from local club Long Eaton Alexandra.", "Lawrence Plackett __knowledge__ He made his Football League debut at Pike's Lane, Bolton, then the home of Bolton Wanderers in September.", "Lawrence Plackett __knowledge__ Lol Plackett was selected to play outside-left.", "Lawrence Plackett __knowledge__ The match, apart from its historic context, was an extraordinary game with the home team racing into a 3-0 lead, scoring the first ever League goal and nine goals by both teams.", "Sergio Oliva __knowledge__ Sergio Oliva (July 4, 1941 – November 12, 2012) was a Cuban bodybuilder known as \"The Myth\".", "Sergio Oliva __knowledge__ This sobriquet was arguably given to him by bodybuilder/writer Rick Wayne but Oliva himself has doubted this claim.", "Sergio Oliva __knowledge__ Supposedly Wayne had begun calling Oliva \"The Myth\" (because everyone who saw him at the 1967 Montreal World's Fair said he was \"Just unbelievable\").", "Sergio Oliva __knowledge__ Oliva was born in Cuba on July 4, 1941.", "Sergio Oliva __knowledge__ At 12, he worked with his father in the sugar cane fields of Guanabacoa.", "Sergio Oliva __knowledge__ When Oliva was 16, his father suggested that he enlist in Fulgencio Batista's army.", "Sergio Oliva __knowledge__ In the absence of a birth certificate, the recruiting officer took the senior Oliva's word that his son was old enough to enlist in the fight against communism.", "Harry Haureliuk __knowledge__ Harry \"Hang-Ten\" George Haureliuk (24 May 1947 to 20 August 2017) was an Australian professional Bodybuilding champion competing under the International Natural Bodybuilding Association (INBA).", "Harry Haureliuk __knowledge__ In 2008, Harry was the first Australian recipient to be inducted into the International Bodybuilding Hall of Fame, no other INBA athlete has competed at such a high level.", "Harry Haureliuk __knowledge__ Harry travelled nationally and internationally competing on the Natural Body Building Circuit and holds many titles including the Mr Universe and Mr Olympia titles.", "Harry Haureliuk __knowledge__ Harry won six Mr Olympias, four Mr Universes and two Mr World titles in the space of 15 years from 1999 to 2013, an unrivaled career in bodybuilding and a true statement that age is just a number.", "Kai Greene __knowledge__ Leslie Kai Greene (born July 12, 1975), known professionally as Kai Greene or Kai L. Greene, is an American IFBB professional bodybuilder, personal trainer, artist, and actor.", "Kai Greene __knowledge__ His most recent victory was the 2016 Arnold Classic.", "Kai Greene __knowledge__ He came in 2nd place at the 2012, 2013 and 2014 Mr. Olympia competitions.", "Kai Greene __knowledge__ Greene was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York.", "Kai Greene __knowledge__ From the age of six, he was raised in foster care and residential treatment centers.", "Kai Greene __knowledge__ According to his online biography, his rapid physical growth and development drew the attention of his seventh grade English teacher, and since his behavior in school was troublesome, he was introduced to teenage bodybuilding competitions.", "Universe Championships __knowledge__ The Universe Championships are annual worldwide bodybuilding events organised by the National Amateur Body-Builders' Association (NABBA).", "Universe Championships __knowledge__ Originally promoted as the contest, the event was expanded to include women's classes in 1968. Notable previous winners include bodybuilder, actor, and former governor of California Arnold Schwarzenegger, and bodybuilder and actor Steve Reeves (1926–2000).", "Universe Championships __knowledge__ The Universe Championships includes the following classes: In 1948 David Johnston, then editor of Strength and Health magazine, and his team organised the Mr. Universe contest in London to coincide with the Olympic Games.", "History of female professional bodybuilding __knowledge__ The history of female professional bodybuilding dates back to August 18, 1978, when promoter George Snyder organized the IFBB Best in the World competition, which was the first IFBB sanctioned event for female bodybuilding.", "History of female professional bodybuilding __knowledge__ On February 28, 2003, the 17th IFBB Ms. International competition was held as part of the Arnold Sports Festival at the Greater Columbus Convention Center and the Franklin County Veterans Memorial in Columbus, Ohio.", "History of female professional bodybuilding __knowledge__ This was Yaxeni Oriquen-Garcia's 2nd IFBB Ms. International overall and heavyweight title, while Catherine Priest won her 1st lightweight IFBB Ms. International title.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ This list of Donald Duck universe characters focuses on Disney cartoon characters who typically appear with Donald Duck and Scrooge McDuck, but are not related to them.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ For relatives of Donald and Scrooge, see Duck family (Disney) or Clan McDuck.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ For characters exclusive to the \"DuckTales\" franchise, see List of \"DuckTales\" characters.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ Ducks are the most common type of named characters in the Donald Duck universe.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ Like Donald, they appear as white American Pekin ducks.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ This section contains a list of characters with the surname \"Duck\" who are not related to Donald.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ As Don Rosa explained, \"Duck\" is an common name in Duckburg (just as \"Smith\" or \"Jones\" are common in the real-life United States) and does not necessarily identify a blood relation of Donald.", "John Terilli __knowledge__ John Terilli is an Australian former professional bodybuilder.", "John Terilli __knowledge__ Terilli was born in Italy and he moved with his family to Sydney, Australia, when he was eight years old.", "John Terilli __knowledge__ For most of his pre-teen life he was an over-weight child.", "John Terilli __knowledge__ In an effort to change himself he developed Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa at the age of only 11.", "John Terilli __knowledge__ However, he managed to turn this around when he was 12 years old and started following a more sensible nutrition and exercise program, developed mainly from his own observations and experimentation.", "John Terilli __knowledge__ He began bodybuilding after first seeing his lifelong inspiration Arnold Schwarzenegger on the cover of a magazine." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (; ; born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian-American actor, producer, businessman, investor, author, philanthropist, activist, politician, and former professional bodybuilder.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He served two terms as the 38th Governor of California from 2003 to 2011.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ Schwarzenegger began weight training at the age of 15.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He won the Mr. Universe title at age 20 and went on to win the Mr. Olympia contest seven times, remaining a prominent presence in bodybuilding and writing many books and articles on the sport.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ The Arnold Sports Festival, considered one of the best professional bodybuilding competitions in recent years, is named after him.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He is widely considered to be one of the greatest bodybuilders of all time as well as that sport's most charismatic ambassador.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ Schwarzenegger gained worldwide fame as a Hollywood action-film icon.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ His breakthrough film was the sword-and-sorcery epic \"Conan the Barbarian\" in 1982, a box-office hit that resulted in a sequel.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ In 1984, he appeared in the title role of James Cameron's critically and commercially successful science-fiction thriller film \"The Terminator\".", "Arnold Schwarzenegger __knowledge__ He subsequently reprised the Terminator character in the franchise's later installments: \"\" (1991), \"\" (2003), and \"Terminator Genisys\" (2015).", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ This Is England '90 is a 2015 British TV drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne and produced by Warp Films.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ A spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\", it is also a sequel to the series \"This Is England '86\" and \"This Is England '88\".", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ \"This Is England '90\" was originally due in late 2012, but in July 2012, Meadows announced that the production had been put on hold in order for him to complete his The Stone Roses, and the actors were still waiting for confirmation as to when filming would start.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ In March 2014, Meadows confirmed that shooting would start later in the year although he had not yet finished the script.", "Crane (machine) __knowledge__ A crane is a type of machine, generally equipped with a hoist rope, wire ropes or chains, and sheaves, that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally.", "Crane (machine) __knowledge__ It is mainly used for lifting heavy things and transporting them to other places.", "Crane (machine) __knowledge__ The device uses one or more simple machines to create mechanical advantage and thus move loads beyond the normal capability of a human.", "Crane (machine) __knowledge__ Cranes are commonly employed in the transport industry for the loading and unloading of freight, in the construction industry for the movement of materials, and in the manufacturing industry for the assembling of heavy equipment.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ Le ravissement de Lol V. Stein is a novel written by Marguerite Duras and published in France by Gallimard in 1964.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was translated by Richard Seaver and published as \"The Ravishing of Lol Stein\" in the US by Grove Press in 1966.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was also translated by Eileen Ellenbogen in the UK as \"The rapture of Lol V. Stein\" for Hamish Hamilton in 1967.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ At the beginning of the novel, Lol Stein (her middle initial is omitted in the English translation) is a woman in her thirties.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ She was born and raised in South Tahla in a bourgeois family and is engaged to Michael Richardson at 19.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ However, at a ball in the seaside resort of Town Beach, Michael Richardson leaves Lol for Anne-Marie Stretter, an older woman.", "Lifting bag __knowledge__ A lifting bag is an item of diving equipment consisting of a robust and air-tight bag with straps, which is used to lift heavy objects underwater by means of the bag's buoyancy.", "Lifting bag __knowledge__ The heavy object can either be moved horizontally underwater by the diver or sent unaccompanied to the surface.", "Lifting bag __knowledge__ Lift bag appropriate capacity should match the task at hand.", "Lifting bag __knowledge__ If the lift bag is grossly oversized a runaway or otherwise out of control ascent may result.", "Lifting bag __knowledge__ Commercially available lifting bags may incorporate dump valves to allow the operator to control the buoyancy during ascent, but this is a hazardous operation with high risk of entanglement in an uncontrolled lift or sinking.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ This Is England '88 is a 2011 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne as a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ It is also a sequel to the 2010 television sequel-series \"This Is England '86\", set two and a half years later and starring as previously Thomas Turgoose as Shaun, Vicky McClure as Lol and Joe Gilgun as Woody.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ Set during Christmas 1988, Lol is haunted by the devastating events that took place two and a half years before.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ She and Woody both find themselves struggling to cope with their lives without each other after he leaves the gang.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ Lol is carrying the burden of her guilt, whilst Woody is trying to build a domestic life with a new girlfriend and a potential promotion at work.", "Texas __knowledge__ Texas (, ; ) is the second-largest state in the United States by both area and population.", "Texas __knowledge__ Geographically located in the South Central region of the country, Texas shares borders with the U.S. states of Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the west, and the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the southwest, while the Gulf of Mexico is to the southeast.", "Texas __knowledge__ Houston is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth largest in the U.S., while San Antonio is the second-most populous in the state and seventh largest in the U.S. Dallas–Fort Worth and Greater Houston are the fourth and fifth largest metropolitan statistical areas in the country, respectively.", "Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge __knowledge__ The eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge was a construction project to replace a seismically unsound portion of the Bay Bridge with a new self-anchored suspension bridge (SAS) and a pair of viaducts.", "Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge __knowledge__ The bridge is in the U.S. state of California and crosses the San Francisco Bay between Yerba Buena Island and Oakland.", "Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge __knowledge__ It was built between 2002 and 2013 and does not have a name other than the unofficial name of the bridge as a whole (\"San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge\").", "Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge __knowledge__ The eastern span replacement is the most expensive public works project in California history, with a final price tag of $6.5 billion, a 2,500% cost overrun from the original estimate of $250M.", "John Floyd (Virginia politician) __knowledge__ John Floyd (April 24, 1783 – August 17, 1837) was a Virginia politician and soldier.", "John Floyd (Virginia politician) __knowledge__ He represented Virginia in the United States House of Representatives and later served as the 25th Governor of Virginia.", "John Floyd (Virginia politician) __knowledge__ During his career in the House of Representatives, Floyd was an advocate of settling the Oregon Country, unsuccessfully arguing on its behalf from 1820 until he left Congress in 1829; the area did not become a territory of the United States until 1848.", "John Floyd (Virginia politician) __knowledge__ In 1832, Floyd received votes for the Presidency of the United States, running in the Nullifier Party.", "John Floyd (Virginia politician) __knowledge__ He carried South Carolina and its 11 electoral votes.", "Blizzard of '77 __knowledge__ The blizzard of 1977 hit Western New York as well as Southern Ontario from January 28 to February 1.", "Blizzard of '77 __knowledge__ Daily peak wind gusts ranging from were recorded by the National Weather Service in Buffalo, with snowfall as high as recorded in areas, and the high winds blew this into drifts of .", "Blizzard of '77 __knowledge__ There were 23 total storm-related deaths in western New York, with five more in northern New York.", "Blizzard of '77 __knowledge__ Certain pre-existing weather conditions exacerbated the blizzard's effects.", "Blizzard of '77 __knowledge__ November, December and January average temperatures were much below normal.", "Blizzard of '77 __knowledge__ Lake Erie froze over by December 14, 1976; when that happens lake-effect snow does not occur because the wind cannot pick up moisture from the lake's surface, convert the moisture to snow and then dump it when the winds reach shore.", "James D. Martin __knowledge__ James Douglas Martin (September 1, 1918 – October 30, 2017) was an American businessman and Republican politician from the U.S. state of Alabama, who served a single term in the United States House of Representatives from 1965 to 1967.", "James D. Martin __knowledge__ His 1962 campaign for the United States Senate against the Democrat J. Lister Hill was the first serious showing by a member of his party in Alabama since Reconstruction.", "James D. Martin __knowledge__ Born in Tarrant in Jefferson County, Alabama, Martin attended public schools and the Birmingham School of Law.", "James D. Martin __knowledge__ In 1937, he began working in the petroleum industry.", "James D. Martin __knowledge__ In July 1941, he enlisted in the United States Army and subsequently commanded an artillery battery in the Third Army under General George S. Patton, Jr., in the European Theater of Operations of World War II.", "Alaska __knowledge__ Alaska () is a U.S. state located in the northwest extremity of North America.", "Alaska __knowledge__ The Canadian administrative divisions of British Columbia and Yukon border the state to the east, its most extreme western part is Attu Island, and it has a maritime border with Russia to the west across the Bering Strait.", "Alaska __knowledge__ To the north are the Chukchi and Beaufort seas–the southern parts of the Arctic Ocean.", "Alaska __knowledge__ The Pacific Ocean lies to the south and southwest.", "Alaska __knowledge__ It is the largest state in the United States by area and the seventh largest subnational division in the world.", "Alaska __knowledge__ In addition, it is the 3rd least populous and the most sparsely populated of the 50 United States; nevertheless, it is by far the most populous territory located mostly north of the 60th parallel in North America, its population (the total estimated at 738,432 by the U.S. Census Bureau in 2015) more than quadrupling the combined populations of Northern Canada and Greenland." ] ]

[ 3, 4, 2, 0 ]

[ "Arnold Schwarzenegger started lifting weights when he was just 15", "He won Mr universe at 20 and won Mr Olympia 7 times. IM not that strong lol", "Well he lifted the whole state of California when he served as Governor from 2003 to 2011", "I think he still lifts, but not professionally" ]

[ "Arnold Schwarzenegger", "Arnold Schwarzenegger", "Arnold Schwarzenegger", "Arnold Schwarzenegger" ]

[ "Federal judiciary of the United States\nGood Morning. I'm thinking of getting a job in the court system.", "I hadn't thought of that. What levels are there to choose from?", "Oh no. I was just thinking of the local district court.", "I'm thinking of doing they typing job while the court trial is going on.", "Not really, but I can type good and I've had a lot of office experience." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ The federal judiciary of the United States is one of the three co-equal branches of the federal government of the United States organized under the United States Constitution and laws of the federal government.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ Article III of the Constitution requires the establishment of a Supreme Court and permits the Congress to create other federal courts, and place limitations on their jurisdiction.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ Article III federal judges are appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate to serve until they resign, are impeached and convicted, retire, or die.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ The federal courts are composed of three levels of courts.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ The Supreme Court of the United States is the court of last resort.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ It is generally an appellate court that operates under discretionary review, which means that the Court can choose which cases to hear, by granting writs of certiorari.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ There is therefore generally no basic right of appeal that extends automatically all the way to the Supreme Court.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ In a few situations (like lawsuits between state governments or some cases between the federal government and a state) it sits as a court of original jurisdiction.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ The United States courts of appeals are the intermediate federal appellate courts.", "Good Morning (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ \"Good Morning\" is a song by American hip-hop recording artist and record producer Kanye West.", "Good Morning (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ It was released as the first song on the track-listing of his third studio album \"Graduation\" (2007).", "Good Morning (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ The song was produced by West and contains samples from the recording \"Someone Saved My Life Tonight\" by English singer and pianist Elton John.", "Good Morning (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ As the album-opener, \"Good Morning\" serves as an introduction to both the musical and lyrical themes of \"Graduation\".", "Good Morning (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ The song harbors keyboard-laden, electronic instrumentation and poignant, introspective discussion.", "Good Morning (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ The track's atmomspheric hip-hop production demonstrates a subdued measure of progressiveness as West allows ambient and New-Age elements into the mix.", "Good Morning America __knowledge__ Good Morning America (GMA) is an American morning television show that is broadcast on ABC.", "Good Morning America __knowledge__ It debuted on November 3, 1975, and first expanded to weekends with the debut of a Sunday edition on January 3, 1993.", "Good Morning America __knowledge__ The Sunday edition was canceled in 1999; weekend editions returned on both Saturdays and Sundays on September 4, 2004.", "Good Morning America __knowledge__ The weekday program airs from 7:00 to 9:00 a.m. in all U.S. time zones (live in the Eastern Time Zone and on tape delay elsewhere across the country).", "Good Morning America __knowledge__ The Saturday and Sunday editions are one hour long and are transmitted to ABC's stations live at 7:00 a.m. Eastern Time, although stations in some markets air them at different times.", "Today (U.S. TV program) __knowledge__ Today, also called The Today Show, is an American news and talk morning television show that airs on NBC.", "Today (U.S. TV program) __knowledge__ The program debuted on January 14, 1952.", "Today (U.S. TV program) __knowledge__ It was the first of its genre on American television and in the world, and after 66 years of broadcasting it is the fifth-longest-running American television series.", "Today (U.S. TV program) __knowledge__ Originally screening as a two-hour program on weekdays from 7.00am until 9.00am, it expanded to Sundays (originally 90 minutes, now a one-hour program) in 1987 and Saturdays (running for two hours) in 1992.", "Today (U.S. TV program) __knowledge__ The weekday broadcast expanded to three hours in 2000, and to four hours in 2007.", "Imperial Court System __knowledge__ The International Imperial Court System (IICS) also known as the International Court System is one of the oldest and largest LGBT organizations in the world.", "Imperial Court System __knowledge__ The Imperial Court System is a grassroots network of organizations that works to build community relationships for equality and raise monies for charitable causes through the production of annual Gala Coronation Balls that invite an unlimited audience of attendees to be presented at Royal Court in their fanciest attire throughout North America along with numerous other fundraisers each year, all for the benefit of their communities.", "Imperial Court System __knowledge__ The Imperial Court System is the second largest LGBT organization in the world, surpassed only by the Metropolitan Community Church.", "Good Morning Britain (2014 TV programme) __knowledge__ Good Morning Britain (often abbreviated to GMB) is a British breakfast programme, broadcast on weekdays from 6:00 to 8:30 am on ITV.", "Good Morning Britain (2014 TV programme) __knowledge__ \"Good Morning Britain\" originally launched in 1983 for TV-am before being replaced by \"GMTV\" and later \"Daybreak\".", "Good Morning Britain (2014 TV programme) __knowledge__ Good Morning Britain relaunched on 28 April 2014, after \"Daybreak\" was cancelled.", "Good Morning Britain (2014 TV programme) __knowledge__ As of Autumn 2017, \"Good Morning Britain\" has around 700,000 viewers tuning in daily (with an audience share of 20% and a peak of 1 million viewers) despite the programme previously struggling in the ratings.", "Good Morning Britain (2014 TV programme) __knowledge__ So far there have been various main presenters; from the beginning in April 2014, the hosts were Susanna Reid, Ben Shephard, Charlotte Hawkins and Sean Fletcher, but in January 2015, Reid and Shephard became the two main hosts, with Hawkins reading the news and Fletcher, as sports editor, presenting the sports news.", "Hello Good Morning __knowledge__ \"Hello Good Morning\" is a song by American rapper and producer Diddy and his group Dirty Money, from their debut album, \"Last Train to Paris\".", "Hello Good Morning __knowledge__ It was released from March 30, 2010 as the album's third single.", "Hello Good Morning __knowledge__ The electronic dance song incorporates an acid squelch section in the middle 8, ad was written by Marcella Araica, Richard Butler, Clifford \"T.I.\"", "Hello Good Morning __knowledge__ Harris and Nathaniel \"Danja\" Hills who also produced the song.", "Hello Good Morning __knowledge__ T.I.", "Hello Good Morning __knowledge__ has a featured rap on the song.", "Hello Good Morning __knowledge__ The song's musical composition was inspired by Diddy's experiences in Ibiza night clubs; its lyrics focus around sex and money.", "Hello Good Morning __knowledge__ Three official remixes were released alongside the main single: the Official Remix with Rick Ross & Nicki Minaj, the \"Grime Remix\" with Skepta, and a \"Team UK remix\" with Tinchy Stryder and Tinie Tempah.", "The Early Show __knowledge__ The Early Show was an American morning television program that aired on CBS from November 1, 1999 to January 7, 2012, and the ninth attempt at a morning news-talk program by the network since 1954.", "The Early Show __knowledge__ The program aired Monday through Friday from 7:00 to 9:00 a.m. (live in the Eastern Time Zone, and on tape delay in all other time zones), although a number of affiliates either pre-empted or tape-delayed the Saturday edition.", "The Early Show __knowledge__ The program originally broadcast from the General Motors Building in New York City.", "The Early Show __knowledge__ \"The Early Show\", like many of its predecessors, traditionally placed third in the ratings, behind NBC's \"Today\" and ABC's \"Good Morning America\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ The federal judiciary of the United States is one of the three co-equal branches of the federal government of the United States organized under the United States Constitution and laws of the federal government.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ Article III of the Constitution requires the establishment of a Supreme Court and permits the Congress to create other federal courts, and place limitations on their jurisdiction.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ Article III federal judges are appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate to serve until they resign, are impeached and convicted, retire, or die.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ The federal courts are composed of three levels of courts.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ The Supreme Court of the United States is the court of last resort.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ It is generally an appellate court that operates under discretionary review, which means that the Court can choose which cases to hear, by granting writs of certiorari.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ There is therefore generally no basic right of appeal that extends automatically all the way to the Supreme Court.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ In a few situations (like lawsuits between state governments or some cases between the federal government and a state) it sits as a court of original jurisdiction.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ The United States courts of appeals are the intermediate federal appellate courts.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ Self-disclosure is a process of communication by which one person reveals information about himself or herself to another.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ The information can be descriptive or evaluative, and can include thoughts, feelings, aspirations, goals, failures, successes, fears, and dreams, as well as one's likes, dislikes, and favorites.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ Social penetration theory posits that there are two dimensions to self-disclosure: breadth and depth.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ Both are crucial in developing a fully intimate relationship.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ The range of topics discussed by two individuals is the breadth of disclosure.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ The degree to which the information revealed is private or personal is the depth of that disclosure.", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard __knowledge__ Søren Kierkegaard's philosophy has been a major influence in the development of 20th-century philosophy, especially existentialism and postmodernism.", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard __knowledge__ Kierkegaard was a 19th-century Danish philosopher who has been called the \"Father of Existentialism\".", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard __knowledge__ His philosophy also influenced the development of existential psychology.", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard __knowledge__ Kierkegaard criticized aspects of the philosophical systems that were brought on by philosophers such as Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel before him and the Danish Hegelians.", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard __knowledge__ He was also indirectly influenced by the philosophy of Immanuel Kant.", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard __knowledge__ He measured himself against the model of philosophy which he found in Socrates, which aims to draw one's attention not to explanatory systems, but rather to the issue of how one exists.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ Secondary education covers two phases on the ISCED scale.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ Level 2 or lower secondary education is considered the second and final phase of basic education, and level 3 or upper secondary education is the stage before tertiary education.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ Every country aims to provide basic education, but the systems and terminology remain unique to them.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ Secondary education typically takes place after six years of primary education and is followed by higher education, vocational education or employment.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ In Algeria, secondary school starts after obtaining the BEM (Brevet d'Enseignement Moyen) (Middle School Certificate), and ends by getting the Baccalaureate that exclusively grants access to national universities.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Well-being is a much-studied topic in psychology, especially positive psychology.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Related concepts are eudaimonia, happiness, flourishing, quality of life, contentment, and meaningful life.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Central theories are Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being, Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being, Corey Keyes' work on flourishing, and Seligmann's contributions to positive psychology and his theories on \"authentic happiness\" and P.E.R.M.A.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Positive psychology is concerned with eudaimonia, \"the good life\" or flourishing, living according to what holds the greatest value in life – the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ The radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster are the observed and predicted effects resulting from the release of radioactive isotopes from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ Radioactive isotopes were released from reactor containment vessels as a result of venting to reduce gaseous pressure, and the discharge of coolant water into the sea.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ This resulted in Japanese authorities implementing a 20 km exclusion zone around the power plant, and the continued displacement of approximately 156,000 people as of early 2013.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ Trace quantities of radioactive particles from the incident, including iodine-131 and caesium-134/137, have since been detected around the world.", "Impulsivity __knowledge__ In psychology, impulsivity (or impulsiveness) is a tendency to act on a whim, displaying behavior characterized by little or no forethought, reflection, or consideration of the consequences.", "Impulsivity __knowledge__ Impulsive actions are typically \"poorly conceived, prematurely expressed, unduly risky, or inappropriate to the situation that often result in undesirable consequences,\" which imperil long-term goals and strategies for success.", "Impulsivity __knowledge__ Impulsivity can be classified as a multifactorial construct.", "Impulsivity __knowledge__ A functional variety of impulsivity has also been suggested, which involves action without much forethought in appropriate situations that can and does result in desirable consequences.", "The Culture __knowledge__ The Culture is a fictional interstellar utopian society in which anarchy and socialism are balanced by direct democracy.", "The Culture __knowledge__ The Culture was created by the Scottish writer Iain M. Banks and features in a number of his space opera novels and works of short fiction, collectively called the Culture series.", "The Culture __knowledge__ In the series, the Culture is composed primarily of sentient beings of the pan-human variety, artificially intelligent sentient machines, and a small number of other sentient \"alien\" life forms.", "The Culture __knowledge__ Machine intelligences range from human-equivalent drones to hyper-intelligent Minds.", "The Culture __knowledge__ The Culture's economy is maintained automatically by its non-sentient machines, with high-level work entrusted to the Minds' subroutines, which allows its humanoid and drone citizens to indulge their passions, romances, hobbies, or other activities, without servitude.", "Noise regulation __knowledge__ Noise regulation includes statutes or guidelines relating to sound transmission established by national, state or provincial and municipal levels of government.", "Noise regulation __knowledge__ After the watershed passage of the United States Noise Control Act of 1972, other local and state governments passed further regulations.", "Noise regulation __knowledge__ A noise regulation restricts the amount of noise, the duration of noise and the source of noise.", "Noise regulation __knowledge__ It usually places restrictions for certain times of the day.", "Noise regulation __knowledge__ Although the UK and Japan enacted national laws in 1960 and 1967 respectively, these laws were not at all comprehensive or fully enforceable as to address generally rising ambient noise, enforceable numerical source limits on aircraft and motor vehicles or comprehensive directives to local government.", "Nude mouse __knowledge__ A nude mouse is a laboratory mouse from a strain with a genetic mutation that causes a deteriorated or absent thymus, resulting in an inhibited immune system due to a greatly reduced number of T cells.", "Nude mouse __knowledge__ The phenotype (main outward appearance) of the mouse is a lack of body hair, which gives it the \"nude\" nickname.", "Nude mouse __knowledge__ The nude mouse is valuable to research because it can receive many different types of tissue and tumor grafts, as it mounts no rejection response.", "Nude mouse __knowledge__ These xenografts are commonly used in research to test new methods of imaging and treating tumors.", "Nude mouse __knowledge__ The genetic basis of the nude mouse mutation is a disruption of the FOXN1 gene.", "Twinking __knowledge__ Twinking is a type of behavior in role-playing video games.", "Twinking __knowledge__ A player who engages in such behavior is known as a twink.", "Twinking __knowledge__ The precise definition of twinking varies depending on the variety of role-playing game.", "Twinking __knowledge__ In \"pen and paper\" role-playing games, a twink is often synonymous with a munchkin.", "Twinking __knowledge__ In MUDs, a twink is a player who is variously anything from a munchkin to a newbie to a griefer.", "Twinking __knowledge__ In MMORPGs, twinking refers to a character gaining equipment with the assistance of a higher level character, particularly by giving said low level character higher level equipment that is otherwise unattainable, or the process of keeping a video game character at a low level while using in-game currency, earned by a high level character, to provide it with superior equipment.", "Star Wars: Tiny Death Star __knowledge__ Star Wars: Tiny Death Star was a business simulation video game developed by Disney Mobile and NimbleBit, and published by LucasArts for Android, iOS, Windows Phone, and Windows 8/RT devices.", "Star Wars: Tiny Death Star __knowledge__ It is based on NimbleBit's previous game, \"Tiny Tower\", and is set in the \"Star Wars\" universe.", "Star Wars: Tiny Death Star __knowledge__ \"Star Wars: Tiny Death Star\" was announced by Disney Interactive on October 4, 2013.", "Star Wars: Tiny Death Star __knowledge__ It was released in Australia and New Zealand for Android devices on October 11, 2013 and in Australia for iOS devices on October 15, 2013.", "Star Wars: Tiny Death Star __knowledge__ It was released worldwide on November 8, 2013 for Android, iOS, Windows Phone, Windows 8 and Windows RT devices.", "Something (concept) __knowledge__ Something and anything are concepts of existence in ontology, contrasting with the concept of nothing.", "Something (concept) __knowledge__ Both are used to describe the understanding that what exists is not nothing without needing to address the existence of everything.", "Something (concept) __knowledge__ The philosopher, David Lewis, has pointed out that these are necessarily vague terms, asserting that \"ontological assertions of common sense are correct if the quantifiers—such words as \"something\" and \"anything\"—are restricted roughly to ordinary or familiar things\".", "Something (concept) __knowledge__ The idea that \"something\" is the opposite of \"nothing\" has existed at least since it was proposed by the Neoplatonist philosopher Porphyry in the 3rd century.", "Response to intervention __knowledge__ In education, response to intervention (commonly abbreviated RTI or RtI) is an approach to academic and behavioral intervention used in the United States to provide early, systematic, and appropriately intensive assistance to children who are at risk for or already underperforming as compared to appropriate grade- or age-level standards.", "Response to intervention __knowledge__ RTI seeks to prevent academic and behavioral failure through universal screening, early intervention, frequent progress monitoring, and increasingly intensive research-based instruction or interventions for children who continue to have difficulty.", "Response to intervention __knowledge__ RTI is a multileveled approach for aiding students that is adjusted and modified as needed.", "Implementation maturity model assessment __knowledge__ The implementation maturity model (IMM) is an instrument to help an organization in assessing and determining the degree of maturity of its \"implementation processes\".", "Implementation maturity model assessment __knowledge__ This model consists of two important components, namely the: The IMM adopts the five maturity levels from the CMM.", "Implementation maturity model assessment __knowledge__ According to SEI (1995): \"\"Maturity in this context implies a potential for growth in capability and indicates both the richness of an organization’s implementation process and the consistency with which it is applied in projects throughout the organization.\"\"", "Implementation maturity model assessment __knowledge__ The five maturity levels of the IMM are: At this level, the organization lacks a stable environment for the implementation." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ The federal judiciary of the United States is one of the three co-equal branches of the federal government of the United States organized under the United States Constitution and laws of the federal government.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ Article III of the Constitution requires the establishment of a Supreme Court and permits the Congress to create other federal courts, and place limitations on their jurisdiction.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ Article III federal judges are appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate to serve until they resign, are impeached and convicted, retire, or die.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ The federal courts are composed of three levels of courts.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ The Supreme Court of the United States is the court of last resort.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ It is generally an appellate court that operates under discretionary review, which means that the Court can choose which cases to hear, by granting writs of certiorari.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ There is therefore generally no basic right of appeal that extends automatically all the way to the Supreme Court.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ In a few situations (like lawsuits between state governments or some cases between the federal government and a state) it sits as a court of original jurisdiction.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ The United States courts of appeals are the intermediate federal appellate courts.", "Judicial system of Finland __knowledge__ Under the Constitution of Finland, everyone is entitled to have their case heard by a court or an authority appropriately and without undue delay.", "Judicial system of Finland __knowledge__ This is achieved through the judicial system of Finland.", "Judicial system of Finland __knowledge__ The Finnish judicial system consists of The Finnish legal system originated during the period before Swedish rule.", "Judicial system of Finland __knowledge__ The traditional system of tings for criminal cases and civil disputes continued after conquest and the country's first court of appeals was established at Turku in 1634.", "Judicial system of Finland __knowledge__ Olaus Petri's The Rules for Judges unified legal system since the 1530s and the law concerning the judicial procedure, the Code of Judicial Procedure (), was instituted as part of the legal codification of 1734.", "Judiciary of American Samoa __knowledge__ The Judiciary of American Samoa is defined under the Constitution of American Samoa and the American Samoa Code.", "Judiciary of American Samoa __knowledge__ It consists of the High Court of American Samoa and a local district court under the administration and supervision of the Chief Justice.", "Judiciary of American Samoa __knowledge__ Both courts are located in the capital of Pago Pago.", "Judiciary of American Samoa __knowledge__ The Chief Justice and the Associate Justice of the High Court are appointed by the United States Secretary of the Interior, and the six associate judges of the High Court and one local district court judge are appointed by the Governor of American Samoa.", "Judiciary of American Samoa __knowledge__ Because American Samoa does not have a federal court like the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, or the United States Virgin Islands, matters of federal law arising in American Samoa have generally been adjudicated in the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii or the District Court for the District of Columbia.", "Voting Rights Act of 1965 __knowledge__ The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting.", "Voting Rights Act of 1965 __knowledge__ It was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson during the height of the Civil Rights Movement on August 6, 1965, and Congress later amended the Act five times to expand its protections.", "Voting Rights Act of 1965 __knowledge__ Designed to enforce the voting rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, the Act secured voting rights for racial minorities throughout the country, especially in the South.", "Voting Rights Act of 1965 __knowledge__ According to the U.S. Department of Justice, the Act is considered to be the most effective piece of federal civil rights legislation ever enacted in the country.", "Erwadi Santhanakoodu Festival __knowledge__ The Erwadi Santhanakoodu Festival is a monthlong festival held in Ervadi dargah, located in Ramanathapuram district, to commemorate the anniversary of Sulthan Syed Ibrahim Shaheed Badhusha nayagam whose grave is in Ervadi.", "Erwadi Santhanakoodu Festival __knowledge__ The festival is organised as a National Integrity festival by the local Dargah Huqdhar Management Committee (D.H.M.C.", "Erwadi Santhanakoodu Festival __knowledge__ ), constituting the heirs of badhusha nayagam called as Mujavirs or Levvais.", "Erwadi Santhanakoodu Festival __knowledge__ It is a monthlong festival happening every Hijri year in the full Islamic month of Zil Qa'dah.", "Erwadi Santhanakoodu Festival __knowledge__ It is organised to commemorate the anniversary of Sulthan Syed Ibrahim Shaheed Badhusha Oliyullah, at the famous Erwadi Dargah always stands as a symbol of religious harmony.", "Randolph County, Arkansas __knowledge__ Randolph County is located between the Ozark Mountains and Arkansas Delta in the U.S. state of Arkansas.", "Randolph County, Arkansas __knowledge__ The county is named for John Randolph, a U.S. senator from Virginia influential in obtaining congressional approval of the Louisiana Purchase, which includes today's Randolph County.", "Randolph County, Arkansas __knowledge__ Created as Arkansas's 32nd county on October 29, 1835, Randolph County has two incorporated cities, including Pocahontas, the county seat and most populous city.", "Randolph County, Arkansas __knowledge__ The county is also the site of numerous unincorporated communities and ghost towns.", "Randolph County, Arkansas __knowledge__ Crossed by five rivers, most of Randolph County contains foothills and valleys typical of the Ozarks.", "Arkansas __knowledge__ Arkansas ( ) is a state in the southeastern region of the United States, home to over 3 million people as of 2017.", "Arkansas __knowledge__ Its name is of Siouan derivation from the language of the Osage denoting their related kin, the Quapaw Indians.", "Arkansas __knowledge__ The state's diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozark and the Ouachita Mountains, which make up the U.S.", "Arkansas __knowledge__ Interior Highlands, to the densely forested land in the south known as the Arkansas Timberlands, to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River and the Arkansas Delta.", "Arkansas __knowledge__ Arkansas is the 29th largest by area and the 33rd most populous of the 50 United States.", "Ashley County, Arkansas __knowledge__ Ashley County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas.", "Ashley County, Arkansas __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, the population was 21,853.", "Ashley County, Arkansas __knowledge__ The county seat is Hamburg.", "Ashley County, Arkansas __knowledge__ The county was formed in 1848 from parts of Chicot, Drew and Union counties and named after Chester Ashley.", "Ashley County, Arkansas __knowledge__ It is an alcohol prohibition or dry county.", "Ashley County, Arkansas __knowledge__ Ashley County, the fifth-largest county in Arkansas in terms of land area, was formed on November 30, 1848 from portions of Drew, Chicot and Union Counties.", "Ashley County, Arkansas __knowledge__ It was named after Chester Ashley, a US Senator and land speculator.", "Ashley County, Arkansas __knowledge__ The final borders were laid in 1861.", "Ashley County, Arkansas __knowledge__ The courtroom in the courthouse has a one-of-a-kind architecture: it is round, and the seats are arranged so that members of the audience can always see each other.", "Supreme court __knowledge__ A supreme court is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts in many legal jurisdictions.", "Supreme court __knowledge__ Other descriptions for such courts include court of last resort, apex court, and highest (or final) court of appeal.", "Supreme court __knowledge__ Broadly speaking, the decisions of a supreme court are not subject to further review by any other court.", "Supreme court __knowledge__ Supreme courts typically function primarily as appellate courts, hearing appeals from decisions of lower trial courts, or from intermediate-level appellate courts.", "Supreme court __knowledge__ However, not all highest courts are named as such.", "Supreme court __knowledge__ Civil law states tend not to have a single highest court.", "Supreme court __knowledge__ Additionally, the highest court in some jurisdictions is not named the \"Supreme Court\", for example, the High Court of Australia; this is because decisions by the High Court could formerly be appealed to the Privy Council.", "Precedent __knowledge__ In legal systems based on common law, a precedent, or authority, is a principle or rule established in a previous legal case that is either binding on or persuasive for a court or other tribunal when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts .", "Precedent __knowledge__ Common law legal systems place great value on deciding cases according to consistent principled rules so that similar facts will yield similar and predictable outcomes, and observance of precedent is the mechanism by which that goal is attained.", "Precedent __knowledge__ The principle by which judges are bound to precedents is known as stare decisis.", "Precedent __knowledge__ Black's Law Dictionary defines \"precedent\" as a \"rule of law established for the first time by a court for a particular type of case and thereafter referred to in deciding similar cases\".", "Last resort rule __knowledge__ In Constitutional law, the Last Resort Rule is a largely prudential rule which gives a federal court the power to avoid a constitutional issue in some circumstances.", "Last resort rule __knowledge__ This rule dictates that, even if all other jurisdictional and justiciability obstacles are surmounted, federal courts still must avoid a constitutional issue if there is any other ground upon which to render a final judgment.", "Last resort rule __knowledge__ The last resort rule can function as a distinct barrier to Constitutional avoidance.", "Last resort rule __knowledge__ It is articulated by Justice Brandeis in Ashwander v. Tennessee Valley Authority.", "Last resort rule __knowledge__ Brandeis cited two examples in Ashwander of the \"most varied application\" of the last resort rule.", "Lender of last resort __knowledge__ A lender of last resort (LOLR) is the lender (provider of liquidity), which since the beginning of the 20th century has usually been a central bank, that supplies liquidity to a financial institution or to the financial market in general when it is lacking.", "Lender of last resort __knowledge__ The lender of last resort facility is normally called on only when the interbank lending market and other facilities have been exhausted.", "Lender of last resort __knowledge__ The goal is to prevent financial panics and bank runs spreading from one bank to the next from a lack of liquidity.", "Lender of last resort __knowledge__ Different definitions of the lender of last resort exist in the literature.", "Lender of last resort __knowledge__ A comprehensive one is the following: \"the discretionary provision of liquidity to a financial institution (or the market as a whole) by the central bank in reaction to an adverse shock which causes an abnormal increase in demand for liquidity which cannot be met from an alternative source\".", "United States labor law __knowledge__ United States labor law sets the rights and duties for employees, labor unions, and employers in the United States.", "United States labor law __knowledge__ Labor law's basic aim is to remedy the \"inequality of bargaining power\" between employees and employers, especially employers \"organized in the corporate or other forms of ownership association\".", "United States labor law __knowledge__ Over the 20th century, federal law created minimum social and economic rights, and encouraged state laws to go beyond the minimum to favor employees.", "United States labor law __knowledge__ The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 requires a federal minimum wage, currently $7.25 but higher in 28 states, and discourages unhealthy working weeks over 40 hours through time-and-a-half overtime pay.", "Judiciary of Oklahoma __knowledge__ The Oklahoma Court System is the judicial system for the US State of Oklahoma.", "Judiciary of Oklahoma __knowledge__ Based in Oklahoma City, the court system is a unified state court system that functions under the Chief Justice of Oklahoma who is its administrator-in-chief.", "Judiciary of Oklahoma __knowledge__ Under the judiciary, five types of courts function: Courts of Limited Jurisdiction, Courts of General Jurisdiction, an Immediate Appellate Court, Specials Courts, and Courts of Last Resort.", "Judiciary of Oklahoma __knowledge__ Also, the Oklahoma judiciary contains two independent courts.", "Judiciary of Oklahoma __knowledge__ The two Courts of Last Resort arrangement exists only in Oklahoma and neighboring Texas.", "Judiciary of Oklahoma __knowledge__ All judges and justices requiring appointment are appointed by the Governor of Oklahoma.", "Government of Oklahoma __knowledge__ The government of the U.S. State of Oklahoma, established by the Oklahoma Constitution, is a republican democracy modeled after the federal government of the United States.", "Government of Oklahoma __knowledge__ The state government has three branches: the executive, legislative, and judicial.", "Government of Oklahoma __knowledge__ Through a system of separation of powers or \"checks and balances,\" each of these branches has some authority to act on its own, some authority to regulate the other two branches, and has some of its own authority, in turn, regulated by the other branches.", "Government of Oklahoma __knowledge__ The state government is based in Oklahoma City and the head of the executive branch is the Governor of Oklahoma." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ The federal judiciary of the United States is one of the three co-equal branches of the federal government of the United States organized under the United States Constitution and laws of the federal government.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ Article III of the Constitution requires the establishment of a Supreme Court and permits the Congress to create other federal courts, and place limitations on their jurisdiction.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ Article III federal judges are appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate to serve until they resign, are impeached and convicted, retire, or die.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ The federal courts are composed of three levels of courts.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ The Supreme Court of the United States is the court of last resort.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ It is generally an appellate court that operates under discretionary review, which means that the Court can choose which cases to hear, by granting writs of certiorari.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ There is therefore generally no basic right of appeal that extends automatically all the way to the Supreme Court.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ In a few situations (like lawsuits between state governments or some cases between the federal government and a state) it sits as a court of original jurisdiction.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ The United States courts of appeals are the intermediate federal appellate courts.", "Lambert Hitchcock __knowledge__ Lambert Hitchcock (May 28, 1795, Cheshire, Connecticut – 1852) was an American furniture manufacturer, famous for designing and mass-producing the Hitchcock chair.", "Lambert Hitchcock __knowledge__ Hitchcock was the son of John Lee Hitchcock, an American Revolutionary War veteran who was lost at sea in 1811.", "Lambert Hitchcock __knowledge__ He attended the Episcopal Academy of Cheshire, now known as Cheshire Academy, and was an apprentice to woodworker Silas Cheney.", "Lambert Hitchcock __knowledge__ In 1818, he opened a furniture factory in Riverton, Connecticut, then called Hitchcocksville.", "Lambert Hitchcock __knowledge__ The factory at first made chair parts.", "Lambert Hitchcock __knowledge__ Soon Hitchcock, influenced by Connecticut clockmaker Eli Terry, began mass-producing simple, affordable chairs.", "Facilitated communication __knowledge__ Facilitated communication (FC), or supported typing, is a discredited technique used by some caregivers and educators in an attempt to assist people with severe educational and communication disabilities.", "Facilitated communication __knowledge__ The technique involves providing an alphabet board, or keyboard.", "Facilitated communication __knowledge__ The facilitator holds or gently touches the disabled person's arm or hand during this process and attempts to help them move their hand and amplify their gestures.", "Facilitated communication __knowledge__ In addition to providing physical support needed for typing or pointing, the facilitator provides verbal prompts and moral support.", "Facilitated communication __knowledge__ In addition to human touch assistance, the facilitator's belief in their communication partner's ability to communicate seems to be a key component of the technique.", "Juries in England and Wales __knowledge__ In the legal jurisdiction of England and Wales, there is a long tradition of jury trial that has evolved over centuries.", "Juries in England and Wales __knowledge__ The English jury has its roots in two institutions that date from before the Norman conquest in 1066.", "Juries in England and Wales __knowledge__ The inquest, as a means of settling a fact, had developed in Scandinavia and the Carolingian Empire while Anglo-Saxon law had used a \"jury of accusation\" to establish the strength of the allegation against a criminal suspect.", "Juries in England and Wales __knowledge__ In the latter case, the jury were not triers of fact and, if the accusation was seen as posing a case to answer, guilt or innocence were established by oath, often in the form of compurgation, or trial by ordeal.", "Type system __knowledge__ In programming languages, a type system is a set of rules that assigns a property called type to the various constructs of a computer program, such as variables, expressions, functions or modules.", "Type system __knowledge__ These types formalize and enforce the otherwise implicit categories the programmer uses for data structures and components (e.g.", "Type system __knowledge__ \"string\", \"array of float\", \"function returning boolean\").", "Type system __knowledge__ The main purpose of a type system is to reduce possibilities for bugs in computer programs by defining interfaces between different parts of a computer program, and then checking that the parts have been connected in a consistent way.", "List of The Bill characters (Q–Z) __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the police drama \"The Bill\" ordered alphabetically by character surname.", "List of The Bill characters (Q–Z) __knowledge__ For a full list of characters ordered by rank, see list of \"The Bill\" characters.", "List of The Bill characters (Q–Z) __knowledge__ The characters are all police officers or civilian staff at the fictional Sun Hill police station in London.", "List of The Bill characters (Q–Z) __knowledge__ PC Dave Quinnan, like many of his colleagues, had not decided to join the police force immediately but had instead trained as an electrician and had worked on oil rigs in Aberdeen.", "List of The Bill characters (Q–Z) __knowledge__ His family is quite large and he is a good friend but he did not join the police to be a good samaritan.", "List of The Bill characters (Q–Z) __knowledge__ Instead he decided that someone had to keep the peace and hold authority and thought that it might as well be him.", "Dvorak Simplified Keyboard __knowledge__ The Dvorak Simplified Keyboard ( ) is a keyboard layout patented during 1936 by Dr. August Dvorak and his brother-in-law, Dr. William Dealey.", "Dvorak Simplified Keyboard __knowledge__ Several modifications have since been designed by the team directed by Dvorak or by ANSI.", "Dvorak Simplified Keyboard __knowledge__ These variations have been collectively or individually termed the Simplified Keyboard or American Simplified Keyboard, but they all have come to be known commonly as the Dvorak keyboard or Dvorak layout.", "Dvorak Simplified Keyboard __knowledge__ Dvorak proponents claim the layout requires less finger motion and reduces errors compared to the standard QWERTY keyboard arrangement.", "Dvorak Simplified Keyboard __knowledge__ It is claimed that the reduction in finger distance traveled permits faster typing while also reducing repetitive strain injuries, although that claim is controversial.", "Touch typing __knowledge__ Touch typing (also called touch type or touch keyboarding) is typing without using the sense of sight to find the keys.", "Touch typing __knowledge__ Specifically, a touch typist will know their location on the keyboard through muscle memory.", "Touch typing __knowledge__ Touch typing typically involves placing the eight fingers in a horizontal row along the middle of the keyboard (the \"home row\") and having them reach for other keys.", "Touch typing __knowledge__ Both two-handed touch typing and one-handed touch typing are possible.", "Touch typing __knowledge__ Frank Edward McGurrin, a court stenographer from Salt Lake City, Utah who taught typing classes, reportedly invented touch typing in 1888.", "Touch typing __knowledge__ On a standard keyboard for English speakers the home row keys are: \"ASDF\" for the left hand and \"JKL;\" for the right hand.", "Design thinking __knowledge__ Design thinking refers to creative strategies designers use during the process of designing.", "Design thinking __knowledge__ It is also an approach to resolve issues outside of professional design practice, such as in business and social contexts.", "Design thinking __knowledge__ Design thinking in business uses the designer's sensibility and methods to match people's needs with what is technologically feasible and what a viable business strategy can convert into customer value and market opportunity.", "Design thinking __knowledge__ The notion of design as a \"way of thinking\" in the sciences can be traced to Herbert A. Simon's 1969 book \"The Sciences of the Artificial\", and in design engineering to Robert McKim's 1973 book \"Experiences in Visual Thinking\".", "Critical thinking __knowledge__ Critical thinking is the objective analysis of facts to form a judgment.", "Critical thinking __knowledge__ The subject is complex, and there are several different definitions which generally include the rational, skeptical, unbiased analysis or evaluation of factual evidence.", "Critical thinking __knowledge__ Critical thinking was described by Richard W. Paul as a movement in two waves (1994).", "Critical thinking __knowledge__ The \"first wave\" of critical thinking is often referred to as a 'critical analysis' that is clear, rational thinking involving critique.", "Critical thinking __knowledge__ Its details vary amongst those who define it.", "Critical thinking __knowledge__ According to Barry K. Beyer (1995), critical thinking means making clear, reasoned judgments.", "Convergent thinking __knowledge__ Convergent thinking is a term coined by Joy Paul Guilford as the opposite of divergent thinking.", "Convergent thinking __knowledge__ It generally means the ability to give the \"correct\" answer to standard questions that do not require significant creativity, for instance in most tasks in school and on standardized multiple-choice tests for intelligence.", "Convergent thinking __knowledge__ Convergent thinking is the type of thinking that focuses on coming up with the single, well-established answer to a problem.", "Convergent thinking __knowledge__ It is oriented toward deriving the single best, or most often correct answer to a question.", "Convergent thinking __knowledge__ Convergent thinking emphasizes speed, accuracy, and logic and focuses on recognizing the familiar, reapplying techniques, and accumulating stored information.", "Vertical thinking __knowledge__ Vertical thinking is a type of approach to problems that usually involves one being selective, analytical, and sequential.", "Vertical thinking __knowledge__ It could be said that it is the opposite of lateral thinking.", "Vertical thinking __knowledge__ Unlike lateral thinking that involves using added intuition, risk taking, and imagination through unconscious and subconscious processes, vertical thinking consists of using more of a conscious approach via rational assessment in order to take in information or make decisions.", "Vertical thinking __knowledge__ This type of thinking encourages individuals to employ a sequential approach to solving problem where a creative and multidirectional response are seen as imprudent.", "Thinking Maps __knowledge__ Thinking Maps are a set of graphic organizer techniques used in primary and secondary education (\"K-12\").", "Thinking Maps __knowledge__ There are eight diagram types that are intended to correspond with eight different fundamental thinking processes.", "Thinking Maps __knowledge__ They are supposed to provide a common visual language to information structure, often employed when students take notes.", "Thinking Maps __knowledge__ Thinking Maps are visual tools for learning, and include eight visual patterns each linked to a specific cognitive process.", "Thinking Maps __knowledge__ Teachers may apply Thinking Maps in all content areas and all grade levels.", "Thinking Maps __knowledge__ The eight map types are: By linking each thinking skill to a unique and dynamic visual representation, the language of Thinking Maps becomes a tool set for supporting effective instructional practice and improving student performance.", "The Philosophy of Freedom __knowledge__ The Philosophy of Freedom is the fundamental philosophical work of the philosopher and esotericist Rudolf Steiner (1861–1925).", "The Philosophy of Freedom __knowledge__ It addresses the questions whether and in what sense human beings can be said to be free.", "The Philosophy of Freedom __knowledge__ Part One of \"The Philosophy of Freedom\" examines the basis for freedom in human thinking, gives an account of the relationship between knowledge and perception, and explores the role and reliability of thinking as a means to knowledge.", "The Philosophy of Freedom __knowledge__ In Part Two Steiner analyzes the conditions necessary for human beings to be free, and develops a moral philosophy that he describes as \"ethical individualism\".", "Actual idealism __knowledge__ Actual idealism was a form of idealism, developed by Giovanni Gentile, that grew into a 'grounded' idealism, contrasting the transcendental idealism of Immanuel Kant, and the absolute idealism of G. W. F. Hegel.", "Actual idealism __knowledge__ To Gentile, who considered himself the \"philosopher of Fascism,\" Actualism was the sole remedy to philosophically preserving free agency, by making the act of thinking self-creative and, therefore, without any contingency and not in the potency of any other fact.", "Actual idealism __knowledge__ Actual idealism holds that it is the act of thinking as perception, not creative thought as imagination, which defines reality." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ The federal judiciary of the United States is one of the three co-equal branches of the federal government of the United States organized under the United States Constitution and laws of the federal government.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ Article III of the Constitution requires the establishment of a Supreme Court and permits the Congress to create other federal courts, and place limitations on their jurisdiction.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ Article III federal judges are appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate to serve until they resign, are impeached and convicted, retire, or die.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ The federal courts are composed of three levels of courts.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ The Supreme Court of the United States is the court of last resort.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ It is generally an appellate court that operates under discretionary review, which means that the Court can choose which cases to hear, by granting writs of certiorari.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ There is therefore generally no basic right of appeal that extends automatically all the way to the Supreme Court.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ In a few situations (like lawsuits between state governments or some cases between the federal government and a state) it sits as a court of original jurisdiction.", "Federal judiciary of the United States __knowledge__ The United States courts of appeals are the intermediate federal appellate courts.", "Interstate 73 __knowledge__ Interstate 73 (I-73) is an Interstate Highway, located within the U.S. state of North Carolina.", "Interstate 73 __knowledge__ It is part of a longer planned corridor, defined by various federal laws to run from Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, to Sault Ste.", "Interstate 73 __knowledge__ Marie, Michigan, but only the part south of West Virginia is under study as of 2012.", "Interstate 73 __knowledge__ The corridor passes through the states of South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio, and Michigan.", "Interstate 73 __knowledge__ Ohio and Michigan do not plan to build any part of the highway, as the I-73 corridor in both of these states is already served by existing freeways or 4-lane highways that will eventually be upgraded to freeways.", "Perry Como __knowledge__ Pierino Ronald \"Perry\" Como (May 18, 1912 – May 12, 2001), also known as Mr. C, was an American singer and television personality.", "Perry Como __knowledge__ During a career spanning more than half a century, he recorded exclusively for RCA Victor for 44 years after signing with the label in 1943.", "Perry Como __knowledge__ Como sold millions of records for RCA Victor and pioneered a musical variety television show.", "Perry Como __knowledge__ He was seen weekly on television from 1948 to 1963, then continued hosting the \"Kraft Music Hall\" variety program monthly until 1967.", "Perry Como __knowledge__ His television shows and seasonal specials were broadcast throughout the world.", "Perry Como __knowledge__ Also a popular recording artist, Perry Como released numerous hit records from the 1940s through the 1970s.", "Mary Midgley __knowledge__ Mary Beatrice Midgley (née Scrutton; born 13 September 1919) is a British moral philosopher.", "Mary Midgley __knowledge__ She was a Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at Newcastle University and is known for her work on science, ethics and animal rights.", "Mary Midgley __knowledge__ She wrote her first book, \"Beast And Man\" (1978), when she was in her fifties.", "Mary Midgley __knowledge__ She has since written over 15 other books, including \"Animals and Why They Matter\" (1983), \"Wickedness\" (1984), \"The Ethical Primate\" (1994), \"Evolution as a Religion\" (1985), and \"Science as Salvation\" (1992).", "Mary Midgley __knowledge__ She has been awarded honorary doctorates by Durham and Newcastle universities.", "Mary Midgley __knowledge__ Her autobiography, \"The Owl of Minerva\", was published in 2005.", "Interstate 73 in Virginia __knowledge__ Interstate 73 (I-73) is a planned Interstate Highway in Virginia.", "Interstate 73 in Virginia __knowledge__ Authorized by the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA), Virginia's section would begin at the North Carolina state line and follow the U.S. Route 220 (US 220) corridor through Martinsville and Roanoke, then westerly into West Virginia, possibly along Corridor Q.", "Interstate 73 in Virginia __knowledge__ Since its inception, environmental studies have been completed; but because it scores low for project jobs in the state, the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) has shelved plans for the foreseeable future.", "Interstate 73 in Virginia __knowledge__ In Virginia, I-73 would continue north from the state line parallel to the US 220 corridor all the way to Roanoke.", "The Lighthouse of Houston __knowledge__ The Lighthouse of Houston is a private, non-profit education and service center dedicated to assisting blind and visually impaired people in the Houston, Texas metropolitan area to live independently.", "The Lighthouse of Houston __knowledge__ The Lighthouse serves approximately 9,000 people each year and is a member agency of the United Way of Greater Houston.", "The Lighthouse of Houston __knowledge__ The primary goal of The Lighthouse of Houston is direct service to the individual.", "The Lighthouse of Houston __knowledge__ This includes not only providing direct service, but a continual commitment to improving the quality and relevance of this service.", "The Lighthouse of Houston __knowledge__ All other organizational activities and functions are in support of this primary focus and have as their goal the development and dissemination of better service designs and interventions in order to enhance the optimal functioning of the individual.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ Good Game is an Australian television gaming programme produced by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), which aired on ABC2.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ Created by Janet Carr, Jeremy Ray and Michael Makowski.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ The show began in 2006 and includes a mix of gaming news, reviews, and features.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ The original hosts were Jeremy \"Junglist\" Ray and Michael \"Kapowski\" Makowski; the latter was replaced by Steven \"Bajo\" O'Donnell in 2007, and the former was replaced by Stephanie \"Hex\" Bendixsen in 2009.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ Other on screen presenters included field reporter Gus \"Goose\" Ronald and Dave Callan.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ The show is named after the friendly phrase gamers traditionally say after completing a competitive match.", "Rough for Radio II __knowledge__ Rough for Radio II is a radio play by Samuel Beckett.", "Rough for Radio II __knowledge__ It was written in French in 1961 as Pochade radiophonique and published in \"Minuit\" 16, November 1975.", "Rough for Radio II __knowledge__ Beckett translated the work into English shortly before its broadcast on BBC Radio 3 on 13 April 1976.", "Rough for Radio II __knowledge__ Martin Esslin directed Harold Pinter (Animator), Billie Whitelaw (Stenographer) and Patrick Magee (Fox).", "Rough for Radio II __knowledge__ The English-language version was first published in \"Ends and Odds\" (Grove, 1976, Faber, 1977) as Radio II.", "Rough for Radio II __knowledge__ Esslin tells us that Beckett himself “regard[ed] the work as unfinished, no more than a rough sketch, and felt, having heard the production that it had ‘not come off’.” Beckett \"put the blame on the script but he told Esslin that 'the production which made the Animator and his team start briskly and become more weary and discouraged as time went on should already have started on a high degree of weariness and despair.'\"", "Henri Stahl __knowledge__ Henri Joseph Stahl (also known as Henric, Enric, or Henry Stahl; April 29, 1877 – February 18, 1942) was a Romanian stenographer, graphologist, historian and fiction writer.", "Henri Stahl __knowledge__ Born to educated immigrant parents, he was a friend and disciple of Nicolae Iorga, doyen of modern Romanian historiography.", "Henri Stahl __knowledge__ Much of his work in the field resulted in a monographic and conservationist study of his native Bucharest, which was published by Iorga in 1910.", "Henri Stahl __knowledge__ Stahl created an original system of a stenography, which worked as one of the basic Romanian stenography standards, and, as resident expert at the National Archives, set up the Romanian school of graphology and paleography.", "Isabel Barrows __knowledge__ Isabel Chapin Barrows (April 17, 1845 – October 24, 1913) was the first woman employed by the United States State Department.", "Isabel Barrows __knowledge__ She worked as a stenographer for William H. Seward in 1868 while her husband, Samuel June Barrows, was ill. She later became the first woman to work for Congress as a stenographer.", "Isabel Barrows __knowledge__ Barrows was also one of the first women to attend the University of Vienna to study ophthalmology, and the first woman to have a private practice in medicine in Washington, D.C..Not to mention the first female ophthalmologist.", "Isabel Barrows __knowledge__ Born to Scottish immigrants, Henry Hayes and Anna Gibb on April 17, 1845, in Irasburg, Vermont, Katherine Isabel Hayes was the fifth of seven children.", "A Business Career __knowledge__ A Business Career is a novel by African-American author Charles Chesnutt that features the life of a \"new woman\" of the late 19th century; she enters the world of business instead of embracing the traditional roles of women.", "A Business Career __knowledge__ It explores a failed romance between two successful upper-class members.", "A Business Career __knowledge__ A family’s vendetta against the man who allegedly destroyed the family's fortune is revealed to be mistaken.", "A Business Career __knowledge__ The novel was unusual for its time as Chesnutt wrote only about white society.", "A Business Career __knowledge__ The book was completed in 1890 but Chesnutt, who had published only a few short stories by then, was unable to interest a publisher in it.", "Court reporter __knowledge__ A court reporter or court stenographer, also called stenotype operator, shorthand reporter or law reporter, is a person whose occupation is to transcribe spoken or recorded speech into written form, using shorthand, machine shorthand or voice writing equipment to produce official transcripts of court hearings, depositions and other official proceedings.", "Court reporter __knowledge__ Court reporting companies primarily serve private law firms, local, state and federal government agencies, courts, trade associations, meeting planners and nonprofits.", "Court reporter __knowledge__ The court reporter in some states is required to be a notary public who is authorized to administer oaths to witnesses, and who certifies that his or her transcript of the proceedings is a verbatim account of what was said.", "Anna Dostoyevskaya __knowledge__ Anna Grigoryevna Dostoyevskaya (; 12 September 1846, Saint Petersburg – 9 June 1918, Yalta) was a Russian memoirist, stenographer, assistant, and the second wife of Fyodor Dostoyevsky (since 1867).", "Anna Dostoyevskaya __knowledge__ She was also one of the first female philatelists in Russia.", "Anna Dostoyevskaya __knowledge__ She wrote two biographical books about Fyodor Dostoyevsky: \"Anna Dostoyevskaya's Diary in 1867\", which was published in 1923 after her death, and \"Memoirs of Anna Dostoyevskaya\" (also known as \"Reminiscence of Anna Dostoyevskaya\"), published in 1925.", "Anna Dostoyevskaya __knowledge__ Anna Dostoyevskaya (née Snitkina) was born to Maria Anna and Grigory Ivanovich Snitkin.", "Anna Dostoyevskaya __knowledge__ Anna graduated academic high school summa cum laude and subsequently trained as a stenographer.", "Robert Berdella __knowledge__ Robert Andrew Berdella (January 31, 1949October 8, 1992) was an American serial killer known as The Kansas City Butcher and The Collector, who kidnapped, raped, tortured, and murdered at least six men between 1984 and 1987 in Kansas City, Missouri after having forced his victims to endure periods of up to six weeks of captivity.", "Robert Berdella __knowledge__ Describing his murders as being \"some of my darkest fantasies becoming my reality\", Berdella pleaded guilty and was sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole for the first degree murder of one of his victims, Larry Pearson, in August 1988, and would later plead guilty to one further charge of first degree murder, and four charges of second degree murder in December 1988." ] ]

[ 4, 5, 0, 0, 66 ]

[ "ARe you planning on working on a specific level, there are three?", "The Supreme Court of the United States is the court of last resort, so it is the higher one.", "What position are you thinking of?", "Have you had training as a stenographer?", "Being a court reporter or stenographer uses shorthand or transcribes spoken word." ]

[ "Federal judiciary of the United States", "Federal judiciary of the United States", "Federal judiciary of the United States", "Federal judiciary of the United States", "Federal judiciary of the United States" ]

[ "Italian cuisine\nI enjoy pasta probably too much", "I like the tortellini that the store has in the deli section", "I rarely eat at Italian restraunts as they are kinda pricey for a plate of pasta", "Is it hard to make from scratch?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is characterized by its simplicity, with many dishes having only two to four main ingredients.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cooks rely chiefly on the quality of the ingredients rather than on elaborate preparation.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Ingredients and dishes vary by region.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Many dishes that were once regional, have proliferated with variations throughout the country.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Pasta, vegetables, olive oil and fish are a major part of the Italian cuisine.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is probably the most important expression of the Mediterranean diet.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine has developed over the centuries.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Although the country known as Italy did not unite until the 19th century, the cuisine can claim traceable roots as far back as the 4th century BCE.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pasta () is a staple food of traditional Italian cuisine, with the first reference dating to 1154 in Sicily.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Also commonly used to refer to the variety of pasta dishes, pasta is typically a noodle made from an unleavened dough of a durum wheat flour mixed with water or eggs and formed into sheets or various shapes, then cooked by boiling or baking.", "Pasta __knowledge__ As an alternative for those wanting a different taste, or who need to avoid products containing gluten, some pastas can be made using rice flour in place of wheat.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pastas may be divided into two broad categories, dried (\"pasta secca\") and fresh (\"pasta fresca\").", "Neapolitan cuisine __knowledge__ Neapolitan cuisine has ancient historical roots that date back to the Greco-Roman period, which was enriched over the centuries by the influence of the different cultures that controlled Naples and its kingdoms, such as that of Aragon and France.", "Neapolitan cuisine __knowledge__ Since Naples was the capital of the Kingdom of Naples, its cuisine took much from the culinary traditions of all the Campania region, reaching a balance between dishes based on rural ingredients (pasta, vegetables, cheese) and seafood dishes (fish, crustaceans, mollusks).", "Neapolitan cuisine __knowledge__ A vast variety of recipes is influenced by the local aristocratic cuisine, such as \"timballo\" and the \"\", pasta or rice dishes with very elaborate preparation, and dishes from popular traditions prepared with inexpensive but nutritionally healthy ingredients, like \"pasta e fagioli\" (pasta with beans) and other pasta dishes with vegetables.", "Itza’ language __knowledge__ Itza' (also known as Itza or Itzaj) is a language belonging to the Yucatecan branch of Mayan languages spoken by the Itza people near Lake Peten Itza, in modern day Guatemala.", "Itza’ language __knowledge__ The language is endangered, with only 12 fluent speakers and 60 nonfluent speakers.", "Itza’ language __knowledge__ Itza' was the language of administration across much of the Yucatán Peninsula prior to 1697, when the Itza people controlled the last significant Mayan nation in Mesoamerica.", "Itza’ language __knowledge__ During this time, the Itza people resettled their ancestral home in the Petén Basin.", "Itza’ language __knowledge__ The subjugation of the Itza capital by the Spanish forced the Itza people to flee or live amongst the Spaniards, such as in San Jose, Guatemala, where the only modern speakers of the language live.", "Pasta processing __knowledge__ Pasta processing is the process in which wheat semolina or flour is mixed with water and the dough is extruded to a specific shape, dried and packaged.", "Pasta processing __knowledge__ Durum wheat semolina or flour, common farina or flour, or combination of both is mixed with water and eggs (for egg noodles) and other optional ingredients (like spinach, tomato, herbs and etc.).", "Pasta processing __knowledge__ Usually 25-30 kg of water is added per 100 kg of semolina.", "Pasta processing __knowledge__ The amounts are measured by computerized dispensers.", "Pasta processing __knowledge__ The mixture is then kneaded by auger extruder equipped with mixing paddles and kneading blades to obtain a homogeneous mass, and after that is extruded through various shaped dies.", "List of pasta dishes __knowledge__ Pasta is a staple food of traditional Italian cuisine, with the first reference dating to 1154 in Sicily.", "List of pasta dishes __knowledge__ It is also commonly used to refer to the variety of pasta dishes.", "List of pasta dishes __knowledge__ Pasta is, typically a noodle made from an unleavened dough of a durum wheat flour mixed with water and formed into sheets or various shapes, then cooked and served in any number of dishes.", "List of pasta dishes __knowledge__ It can be made with flour from other cereals or grains, and eggs may be used instead of water.", "List of pasta dishes __knowledge__ Each traditional pasta dish is defined by a specific kind of pasta, a specific cooking style and a specific sauce or condiment.", "List of pasta dishes __knowledge__ There are large number of evolutions and variants of the traditional dishes.", "Vincenzo Bellini __knowledge__ Vincenzo Salvatore Carmelo Francesco Bellini (; 3 November 1801 – 23 September 1835) was an Italian opera composer, who was known for his long-flowing melodic lines for which he was named \"the Swan of Catania\".", "Vincenzo Bellini __knowledge__ Many years later, in 1898, Giuseppe Verdi \"praised the broad curves of Bellini's melody: 'there are extremely long melodies as no-one else had ever made before'.\"", "Vincenzo Bellini __knowledge__ A large amount of what is known about Bellini's life and his activities comes from surviving letters—except for a short period—which were written over his lifetime to his friend Francesco Florimo, whom he had met as a fellow student in Naples and with whom he maintained a lifelong friendship." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is characterized by its simplicity, with many dishes having only two to four main ingredients.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cooks rely chiefly on the quality of the ingredients rather than on elaborate preparation.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Ingredients and dishes vary by region.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Many dishes that were once regional, have proliferated with variations throughout the country.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Pasta, vegetables, olive oil and fish are a major part of the Italian cuisine.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is probably the most important expression of the Mediterranean diet.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine has developed over the centuries.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Although the country known as Italy did not unite until the 19th century, the cuisine can claim traceable roots as far back as the 4th century BCE.", "Tortellini __knowledge__ Tortellini are ring-shaped pasta, sometimes also described as \"navel shaped\", hence their alternative name of \"belly button\" (\"ombelico\").", "Tortellini __knowledge__ They are typically stuffed with a mix of meat (pork loin, prosciutto) or cheese.", "Tortellini __knowledge__ Originally from the Italian region of Emilia (in particular Bologna and Modena), they are usually served in broth, either of beef, chicken, or both.", "Tortellini __knowledge__ Packed, refrigerated or frozen, tortellini and tortelloni (similar but larger, with cheese and/or vegetable stuffing) appear in many locations around the world, especially where there are large Italian communities.", "Tortellini __knowledge__ Tortellini and tortelloni are made in European industrial lines supplying markets in Europe and further afield.", "Medan __knowledge__ Medan (Jawi: , Batak: , Chinese: , Tamil: மேடான், ); is the capital of North Sumatra province in Indonesia.", "Medan __knowledge__ Located along the northeastern coast of Sumatra island, Medan is the fourth biggest city by population in Indonesia, behind Jakarta, Surabaya and Bandung.", "Medan __knowledge__ With 2,097,610 inhabitants at the 2010 census, Medan remains the largest settlement outside Java island together with the richness of its multicultural peoples.", "Medan __knowledge__ Bordered by the Strait of Malacca, Medan is a busy trading city around the island as located near the strait which is one of the most important shipping lanes in the world.", "Medan __knowledge__ Medan is the gateway to the western part of Indonesia, accessible via the Port of Belawan and Kuala Namu International Airport, stated the city as the third largest city in the country by economy after Jakarta and Surabaya, this city economy is linked well with Malaysian cities (especially Penang and Kuala Lumpur) and Singapore by trade, service and natural resource exchanges.", "Sultanate of Deli __knowledge__ Sultanate of Deli (Indonesian: \"Kesultanan Deli Darul Maimoon\"; Jawi: ) is a 1,820 km² Malay state in east Sumatra founded in 1630.", "Sultanate of Deli __knowledge__ A tributary kingdom from 1630 it was controlled by various Sultanates until 1814, when it became an independent sultanate and broke away from the Sultanate of Siak.", "Sultanate of Deli __knowledge__ The ruler of Aceh converted to Islam in the mid-15th century.", "Sultanate of Deli __knowledge__ The Sultanate of Aceh was founded by Ali Mughayat Syah, who began campaigns to extend his control over northern Sumatra in 1520.", "Sultanate of Deli __knowledge__ The sultan Iskandar Muda expanded Aceh by conquest.", "Sultanate of Deli __knowledge__ In 1612 Deli was militarily defeated and annexed.", "Sultanate of Deli __knowledge__ Dutch intervention in 1861, which resulted in a contract with the Netherlands East Indies the following year, helped to recognise Deli's independence from Aceh and Siak.", "The Fearless Four (film) __knowledge__ The Fearless Four (German: \"Die furchtlosen Vier\") is a 1997 animated film about four funny animals that all have one thing in common: they want to sing, but can't for various reasons.", "The Fearless Four (film) __knowledge__ Production began in March 1995 when the studio was founded.", "The Fearless Four (film) __knowledge__ It combined traditional animation with computer animation.", "The Fearless Four (film) __knowledge__ The film was produced by Munich Animation and released by Warner Bros. Family Entertainment.", "The Fearless Four (film) __knowledge__ The film won a Bavarian Film Award for outstanding achievement in Germany.", "The Fearless Four (film) __knowledge__ The film was set in the near future and base lightly on the fairy tale of the Town Musicians of Bremen.", "The Fearless Four (film) __knowledge__ The film follows the carefree lives of the easygoing bloodhound Buster, the woeful donkey Fred, the graceful Siamese cat Gwendolyn and the self-assured rooster Tortellini.", "Carnegie Deli __knowledge__ The Carnegie Deli was an iconic small delicatessen chain based in New York City.", "Carnegie Deli __knowledge__ Its main branch, opened in 1937 adjacent to Carnegie Hall, was located at 854 7th Avenue (between 54th and 55th Streets) in Midtown Manhattan.", "Carnegie Deli __knowledge__ There are subsidiaries in Las Vegas, Nevada; Bethlehem, Pennsylvania; Six Flags Great Adventure.", "Carnegie Deli __knowledge__ The deli, though having had its main branch closed, still operates a wholesale distribution service.", "Carnegie Deli __knowledge__ The Parker family's delicatessen was in its third generation of owners.", "Carnegie Deli __knowledge__ Among the United States' most renowned delis, it was operated by a second-generation owner, Marian Harper Levine.", "List of cities, towns and villages in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province __knowledge__ A list of cities, towns and villages in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province of south-western Iran: Cities are in bold text; all others are villages.", "List of cities, towns and villages in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province __knowledge__ Ab Alvan | Ab Anjir-e Delik | Ab Anjir-e Olya | Ab Anjir-e Sofla | Ab Aspid Guzenan | Ab Bagh-e Bonari | Ab Bahareh | Ab Bahareh-ye Chin | Ab Balutak | Ab Balut-e Bonari | Ab Behan | Ab Beli Zilayi | Ab Bid | Ab Bidak-e Zilayi | Ab Bid-e Deli Rich-e Olya | Ab Bid-e Heygun | Ab Bid-e Mazeh Koreh | Ab Chati-ye Ajam | Ab Chenar-e Bid Anjir | Ab Chenaru | Ab Chendar | Ab Chendar | Ab Chendaran-e Olya Gelal | Ab Chendaran-e Sofla Gelal | Ab Chendaran-e Tal Deraz | Ab Chendar-e Guzenan | Ab Darreh | Ab Darreh-ye Junak | Ab Darreh-ye Mushemi | Ab Darusheh-ye Chin | Ab Garmak-e Guznan | Ab Garmak-e Olya-ye Neqareh Khaneh | Ab Garmak-e Sofla-ye Neqareh Khaneh | Ab Garmak-e Vosta-ye Neqareh Khaneh | Ab Garmu | Ab Gavan-e Bozorg | Ab Gavan-e Kuchek | Ab Gerdu | Ab Gol | Ab Hajjat-e Chahar Bisheh | Ab Jirak | Ab Kanaru | Ab Kaseh | Ab Kaseh-ye Tal Deraz | Ab Kel Shisheh | Ab Kenaru | Ab Koreh Tal | Ab Kori | Ab Lami-ye Guzenan | Ab Mahi | Ab Murd-e Dam Ludab | Ab Murd-e Tangiar | Ab Mu-ye Olya | Ab Mu-ye Sofla | Ab Nardeh-ye Now | Ab Nuk | Ab Piyazi | Ab Qanat-e Eshkaft Dudar | Ab Razgeh | Ab Razgeh-ye Melleh Ivazi | Ab Rigun | Ab Riz-e Haft Cheshmeh-ye Mahtab | Ab Sardan-e Olya Jowkar | Ab Sardan-e Sofla Jowkar | Ab Sardan-e Tal Deraz | Ab Sefid-e Saqaveh | Ab Sepa | Ab Shirin | Ab Talkh Filgah | Ab Ti-ye Mahtab | Ab Tut | Ab Zahli-ye Tarzayi | Ab Zalu-ye Kandeh | Ab Zalu-ye Olya-ye Neqareh Khaneh | Ab Zalu-ye Sofla-ye Neqareh Khaneh | Ab Zalu-ye Vosta-ye Neqareh Khaneh | Ab Zani | Abadeh | Abbas Ali Khani | Abbas Ali va Qafeleh Bah | Abdehgah | Ab-e Now | Ableh | Ablun | Abputi Gelal | Abrizak | Abrizi | Abrizi Parikdan | Abza-ye Kalat Tayebi | Adrkan | Adur | Ahmad Gharib | Ahmad Qalandari | Ahmad Salar-e Kalat Tayebi | Ahmad-e Naseri | Ahuravak | Airport Industrial Zone | Akbarabad | Alakan | Algan | Ali Askari | Ali Karami-ye Olya | Ali Reza Gerdab | Aliabad-e Ab Kaseh | Aliabad-e Kukhdan | Aliabad-e Mokhtar | Aliabad-e Sartol | Allahabad | Almur | Alqchin-e Olya | Alqchin-e Sofla | Amir Gopi | Amir ol Mowmenin | Amir ol Mowmenin | Amir Shirkhan | Amirabad-e Babakan | Amirabad-e Olya | Amirabad-e Sisakht | Amirabad-e Sofla | Amirabad-e Talkhab | Amirabad-e Vosta Key Mohammad Khan | Amirshahriyar | Anarak-e Barmeyun | Anarestan | Anbar Shahi | Anbargah | Andarun-e Bid Anjir | Andersa | Anjir Siah | Anjir-e Sefid | Anjir-e Siah | Anjireh | Anjomeh | Anna | Aqa Ali Penah | Arend | Aru | Askan Ashayir Deli Bajak | Askan Ashayir-e Kolagh Neshin | Askarabad-e Deli Bajak | Ateshgah-e Bozorg | Ayneh Bazar-e Mahtab | Azadi-ye Dam Ludab | Azizi-ye Olya | Azizi-ye Sofla | Azizi-ye Vosta Ba Qala Dun | Ba Shahsavar | Baba Ahmad | Baba Kalan | Babahaji | Bad Hava-ye Chenar | Badam Gerdaki | Badamdan | Badamestan | Badarreh | Badengan-e Olya | Badengan-e Sofla | Badkhun Basht | Bag | Baghcheh-ye Jalil | Bagh-e Anjirak | Bagh-e Kalak | Bagh-e Malek | Bagh-e Tilku-ye Chenar | Bahman Gazali | Bahman Yari | Bahram Beygi-ye Olya Samandi | Bahrehana | Bahsun-e Mushemi | Bajereh | Bajuli | Bakaludun-e Shabliz | Bal Chokupichab | Bal Rud | Balahdan | Balahzar | Balarbisheh | Baluchestan-e Shutavar | Balut Bangan | Balut Hesar | Balutak Khurshid | Balut-e Karavan | Bamuni Dam Tang-e Divan-e Mahtab | Banestan-e Jalil | Banestan-e Sadat Mahmudi | Bar Aftab-e Ali Karami | Bar Aftab-e Emam Reza | Bar Aftab-e Jalaleh | Bar Aftab-e Khorbel | Bar Aftab-e Kochala | Bar Aftab-e Olya Gelal | Bar Aftab-e Sarfaryab | Bar Aftab-e Sefid | Bar Aftab-e Silab | Bar Aftab-e Sofla | Bar Aftab-e Tahlivan | Bar Aftab-e Zizi | Baraftab-e Poshtkuh | Bard Espid Murderaz | Bard Kolang-e Olya Chahar Tall | Bard Rasun-e Olya | Bard Rasun-e Sofla | Bard Sefid Sartus | Bard Zard | Bardarchu | Bard-e Gapi-ye Charbiyun | Bard-e Khiari | Bard-e Pahn Abdol Latif | Bard-e Pahn Tang Tamaradi | Bard-e Pahn-e Zilayi | Bardian | Bardkandeh | Bardkashki | Bareh Gorg Khurdeh | Barm Alvan | Barm-e Siah Rudtalkh | Barmeyun | Barmmorgh-e Abi | Barqulong-e Bajuli | Barqulong-e Olya | Barqulong-e Sofla | Barreh Mal | Basht | Basiti Qarteq | Bataveh-ye Najak | Bavari | Bazarnag | Behareh-ye Bard-e Khiari | Behareh-ye Bid Shahi | Beheshtabad | Behzadi-e Neqareh Khaneh | Betari | Biareh | Bibi Hakimeh | Bibi Janabad | Bibi Khatun | Bibi Zoleykhai | Bid Baji Piran Dalun | Bid Barzeh-ye Sefidar | Bid Meydan | Bidak-e Olya | Bidak-e Salar | Bidak-e Sohrab | Bidastan | Bidastan-e Murderaz | Bidzard | Bidzard | Bifah Zari | Bilukhar | Bimenjgan | Biseytun | Bisheh Khoshku | Bishehi | Bizgeh | Bizhgan | Bolviri | Bon Darreh | Bon Zard-e Olya | Bon Zard-e Sofla | Bonah Aliyari | Bonar Shadali | Bonari | Bonari-ye Fathi | Bonari-ye Olya | Bonari-ye Sofla | Bondarreh | Bon-e Kabutari | Boneh Balut | Boneh Deraz-e Mushemi | Boneh-ye Akhund | Boneh-ye Kalu Mir Hasan | Boneh-ye Pir | Boneh-ye Sardar | Boneh-ye Sarhadi | Bongir | Bontuf-e Mohamid-e Biseytun | Bonva | Borai | Borghun | Borj-e Ali Shir | Borj-e Ali Shir-e Olya | Borj-e Bahmani | Borj-e Jowkar | Bormamian | Borm-e Sabz | Borm-e Shir | Bowa-ye Olya | Bowa-ye Sofla | Buneh Dam Sefidar | Buneh Rizak-e Chenar | Burak-e Olya | Burak-e Sofla | Burbadi | Busangan | Bustan | Bustan-e Kuchek | Buyeri Chaftab-e Barmeyun | Chaghal | Chah Bardi | Chah Gorgi | Chah Kardqiam | Chah Paznan | Chah Riz | Chah Rowghani | Chah Talkhab-e Olya | Chahab | Chahar Angaj-e Jowkar | Chahar Bisheh District Poultry Facility | Chahar Bisheh Industrial Estate | Chahar Bisheh-ye Olya | Chahar Bisheh-ye Sofla | Chahar Meh | Chahar Murun-e Jowkar | Chahar Murun-e Tamdari | Chahar Qash-e Chari | Chahar Rah Beheshti Sapu | Chahar Rah | Chahar Rah-e Ali Tayyeb | Chahar Rah-e Chari | Chahar Rah-e Gashin | Chahar Rah-e Soleyman | Chahar Tall-e Mir Mohammad Fasiyeh | Chahar Tang-e Qalandari | Chahtun | Chal Anjir | Chal Badam-e Kata | Chal Bagh | Chal Baghcheh-ye Zilayi | Chal Baniu Dasht Rum | Chal Geru | Chal Khorsi-ye Silab | Chal Kola | Chal Kub Pereshkaft | Chal Shahin-e Khoda Bakhsh | Chal Siah Manchatun Jowkar | Chaldal | Chal-e Siyah Gelal | Chal-e Siyah Mazkur | Chali | Chalmureh | Cham Arabi-ye Pataveh | Cham Asiyab | Cham Bad-e Bazan Pakuh | Cham Bolbol | Cham Khun | Cham Lapeh | Cham Murd | Cham Nuri Janbi Pakuh | Cham Sharu | Cham-e Ali Mordani | Cham-e Gardel | Chandar | Changal | Changalva | Charam | Charkar Tur | Chat Barik-e Jahanabad | Chat Kuh-e Bahram Beygi | Chehel Dokhtaran | Chehel Matari Hamgun | Chel Mohammad-e Baqeri Pereshkaft | Chelchelak | Cheleh Gah-e Zarchas | Chenar Barm-e Olya | Chenarestan-e Olya | Chenarestan-e Sofla | Chenarestan-e Vosta | Chendar-e Qavi | Cheshmeh Amiri | Cheshmeh Anjir-e Firuzabad | Cheshmeh Bah Meleh Khomsir | Cheshmeh Balutak | Cheshmeh Bamuni-ye Charbiyun | Cheshmeh Chenar-e Mard Khoda | Cheshmeh Chenar-e Tang Sorkh | Cheshmeh Chenar-e Yasuj | Cheshmeh Darreh | Cheshmeh Darreh-ye Amirabad | Cheshmeh Dozdak-e Olya | Cheshmeh Dozdak-e Sofla | Cheshmeh Goli-ye Shahniz | Cheshmeh Jafteh Tang Alak | Cheshmeh Jiuri Montangun | Cheshmeh Jiuri-ye Sar Saqaveh | Cheshmeh Khani Firuzabad | Cheshmeh Khersi Pirvezg | Cheshmeh Mir Hasani | Cheshmeh Murd Baraber | Cheshmeh Nesai-ye Banestan | Cheshmeh Neyzehi Dezh Nargesi | Cheshmeh Pahn Ganjegan | Cheshmeh Pahn Karnag | Cheshmeh Pahn-e Charbiyun | Cheshmeh Pahn-e Dasht Rum | Cheshmeh Puti Leh Frakh | Cheshmeh Qanat-e Deli Khomsir | Cheshmeh Qanat-e Junak | Cheshmeh Reshteh | Cheshmeh Rizak Habibollah | Cheshmeh Rizak-e Mowgar Bolehdan | Cheshmeh Rizak-e Shabliz | Cheshmeh Roqat | Cheshmeh Sib-e Deli Khomsir | Cheshmeh Sorkh | Cheshmeh Tabarqu | Cheshmeh Tagi | Cheshmeh Vesg-e Deli Khomsir | Cheshmeh Zaferan | Cheshmeh-ye Gari Deli Gerdu | Cheshmeh-ye Lashehi-ye Jowkar | Cheshmeh-ye Mohammad Beygi Dam Run | Cheshmeh-ye Rashid Meleh Bahram Beygi | Cheshmeh-ye Sefid-e Margown | Cheshmeh-ye Sib Deli Gerdu Sofla | Cheshmeh-ye Tey Dalun | Chir | Chitab | Chitab | Chitaveh-ye Pereshkaft | Chong Dam-e Ludab | Choqeh-ye Sorkh-e Bahram Beygi | Choru | Chub Kanam | Chub Kani Dakal Mokhaborat Paznan | Dalun | Dam Ab Bahareh-ye Chin | Dam Bil Dun Deli Rich-e Olya | Dam Chenar-e Azizi | Dam Chenar-e Hadiabad | Dam Darreh Gepi | Dam Eshkaft-e Muneh | Dam Rud-e Ayuk Dar Kheyari | Dam Saqaveh-ye Aziz | Dam Sefidar | Dam Tang-e Chahen | Dam Tang-e Darrehna | Dam Tang-e Hermu-ye Mahtab | Dam Tang-e Kap | Dam Tang-e Landeh | Dam Tang-e Miyan Tangan | Dam Tang-e Nal Ashkenan-e Mahtab | Dam Tang-e Orveh | Dam Tang-e Pir Murad | Dam Tang-e Sarna | Dam Tang-e Sheykh Sarkeh | Dam Tang-e Sulak | Dam Tang-e Tikab | Damdarreh-ye Bibi Roshteh | Dam-e Abbas | Dam-e Abbas Chicken Company | Dam-e Tang-e Bavary | Dam-e Tang-e Molghun | Dam-e Tang-e Shahid Deli Bajak | Dameshkaft-e Kalat | Damla Espid | Dammahad | Dar Boland | Dar Boland-e Ajam | Dar Espid-e Mushemi | Dar Ganji | Darb Kalat-e Emamzadeh Mahmud | Darbari | Darbari-ye Dam-e Abbas | Darbari-ye Jowkar | Darbari-ye Mohammad Hoseyn Zilayi | Darbari-ye Tamaradi-ye Olya | Dargandeh | Darghak | Darreh Bandu Kuh Sorkh | Darreh Bang | Darreh Bang Rugardengah | Darreh Bangaru | Darreh Barm Shir-e Lishtar | Darreh Basht | Darreh Bid | Darreh Bid-e Deli Gerdu | Darreh Bid-e Jowkar | Darreh Bid-e Murzard | Darreh Bidi Sefidar | Darreh Chah-e Bidak | Darreh Chapi-ye Jowkar | Darreh Chenari-ye Kareyak | Darreh Chili-ye Darshahi | Darreh Darreh Rezaabad | Darreh Darreh-ye Olya | Darreh Dazdan | Darreh Deraz-e Chin | Darreh Garm-e Chenar | Darreh Gepi | Darreh Gerow Chong | Darreh Geru-ye Olya | Darreh Geru-ye Sofla | Darreh Gordeh-ye Filgah | Darreh Goru Firuzabad | Darreh Gudarzi | Darreh Jafti Dasht | Darreh Kal | Darreh Kalgah-e Pereshkaft | Darreh Kartikab | Darreh Key Ali Khani | Darreh Key Salehi | Darreh Khani Pereshkaft | Darreh Kharzahreh | Darreh Kharzaleh Deh Chel | Darreh Khoshk | Darreh Khunbazi Dam-e Saqaveh | Darreh Khvajeh | Darreh Labak | Darreh Lir | Darreh Mahini | Darreh Mari-ye Babakan | Darreh Nari-ye Dam Ludab | Darreh Narzineh | Darreh Ney | Darreh Seheh | Darreh Shirin | Darreh Shiri-ye Gerdab | Darreh Shur | Darreh Sureh | Darreh Tang Ti | Darreh Tey Tahlivan | Darreh Zang | Darreh Zari | Darreh Zari-ye Ajam | Darreh-ye Akhund | Darreh-ye Bani Yab Bahram Beygi | Darreh-ye Deraz-e Baba Kalan | Darreh-ye Harcheh | Darreh-ye Mari Shabliz | Darshahi | Darvar-e Fartaq | Daryab | Dasht Hajj Mortezi Mahur Pagach | Dasht Kun Kalamak Gelal | Dasht San Ali Pakuh | Dasht Si Chanlu Pakuh | Dashtak Dishmuk | Dashtak-e Meymand | Dashtak-e Nimdur | Dashtak-e Olya Abriz | Dashtak-e Sisakht | Dasht-e Ahu | Dasht-e Anarestan | Dasht-e Azadi-ye Javardeh | Dasht-e Ban | Dasht-e Boz | Dasht-e Mazeh | Dasht-e Mowrd-e Ghurk | Dasht-e Naseri | Dasht-e Qazi | Dasht-e Raz | Dasiri | Dastgerd | Dastgerd | Daverpenah | Davudabad-e Mokhtar | Deh Bal | Deh Bardel-e Dam Saqaveh | Deh Bid-e Charbiyun | Deh Boniab-e Charbiyun | Deh Bozorg | Deh Bozorg-e Pereshkaft | Deh Chal Deli Rich-e Olya | Deh Chal-e Dam-e Ludab | Deh Chol-e Ka Abdel | Deh Dam Barm Murzard | Deh Emamzadeh-ye Biseytun | Deh Fazelabad Run | Deh Gah-e Jalaleh | Deh Kohneh-e Mazdak | Deh Kohneh-ye Zafari | Deh Kond | Deh Mansur Palaki | Deh Mir Qomsur Deli Rich-e Olya | Deh Miridallah Rak | Deh Naseh-ye Mazkur Gelal | Deh Neseh-e Deli Gerdu-ye Sofla | Deh Now-e Darghak | Deh Now-e Kakan | Deh Now-e Kukhdan | Deh Now-ye Gelal | Deh Qanat-e Charbiyun | Deh Qazi | Deh Sam-e Ludab | Deh Sereshk | Deh Sheykh-e Pataveh | Deh Sheykh-e Tasuj | Deh Shirin-e Badengan | Deh Sukhteh-ye Dam Ludab | Deh Taveh Moradi | Deh Tut | Dehdasht | Deh-e Ahmad | Deh-e Amidvar | Deh-e Amir Bahader | Deh-e Aqa Shafi | Deh-e Balut | Deh-e Balutak Kuh Bard | Deh-e Bar Aftab Vali-ye Jowkar | Deh-e Bar Aftab-e Olya | Deh-e Bar Aftab-e Sofla | Deh-e Baraber | Deh-e Bardel | Deh-e Bid Pichab | Deh-e Bonar-e Yusefi | Deh-e Bozorg-e Firuzabad | Deh-e Chati | Deh-e Chol-e Delita | Deh-e Ebrahim | Deh-e Emamqoli | Deh-e Jalil | Deh-e Kabahar | Deh-e Kabuter Pirzal | Deh-e Khalifeh | Deh-e Mansur | Deh-e Mashhadi Abbas | Deh-e Mir Khodayar | Deh-e Molla Malek | Deh-e Murd-e Olya | Deh-e Nar | Deh-e Narravak | Deh-e Pain-e Darb Kalat | Deh-e Pakel Allah Reza | Deh-e Ramezan | Deh-e Shahid Daresh | Deh-e Sheykh Dilgun | Deh-e Sheykhan | Deh-e Tol | Deh-e Yunes-e Posht Kuh-ye Olya | Deh-e Zu ol Faqar Sarperi | Dehkohneh-ye Hamidabad | Dehnow-e Emamzadeh Mahmud | Dehnow-e Jowkar | Dehnow-e Ludab | Dehnow-e Sarfaryab | Dehnow-e Talkhab | Dehnow-e Tall Gap | Dehnow-e Telmargh | Dehnow-e Yasuj | Delavari-ye Gorgian | Delgerak | Deli Barik-e Rudbal | Deli Bejak-e Sefidar | Deli Gerdu-ye Olya | Deli Hermun | Deli Ji-ye Emamqoli | Deli Ji-ye Gholam | Deli Ji-ye Mandani | Deli Ji-ye Zavareh | Deli Rich-e Sofla | Deli Robat | Deli Savari | Deli | Deli | Delik-e Tayebi | Delitangu-ye Olya | Delitangu-ye Sofla | Deliyak | Deliyak | Delkun | Delyasar-e Olya | Delyasar-e Sofla | Derb-e Miyan Ab | Derk Poshtkuh Khan Ahmad | Derk Zarin Talkhab Shirin | Derk | Dezdak | Dezh Soleyman | Diasham Karreh | Dil | Dimeh Kuh-e Khayiz | Dimkuh Shush | Dintal-e Habibabad | Dishmok | Do Ab-e Kalus | Do Bandab Chati-ye Mahtab | Do Khavas-e Abbasiyeh | Do Kuh | Do Kuhak | Do Par Barzian | Do Qaleh Nader | Do Rah-e Bahram Beygi | Do Rah-e Ghomashkeh | Do Rizgan | Doab-e Bilukher | Doband-e Sar Mast Dammahad | Dogonbadan | Dogonbadan Police Station | Dogushi Spahi Kashteh | Domiyeh | Dorahi-ye Gachboland | Doruhan-e Gelal | Doruhan-e Neqareh Khaneh | Dowband-e Cheshmeh Puti | Dowband-e Shahniz | Dowlatabad | Dowpar Nazari | Dowpar-e Qabr-e Kiamars | Dowput | Dowruhan-e Jalil | Dozdak | Dozdmadai | Duk | Dul Abza | Dulab-e Shirin | Dulab-e Talkh | Dul-e Bozorg Khan Ahmad | Durab-e Olya-ye Jadid | Durab-e Qadim | Durab-e Sofla-ye Jadid | Durah Sadat | Duraheh-ye Sofla Gelal | Durahi Sefidar | Durak | Duraq | Durishun | Duruh Edrag | Emamzadeh Askar | Emamzadeh Esmail | Emamzadeh Jafar | Emamzadeh Mahmud | Emamzadeh Mir Salar Fartaq | Emamzadeh Mohammad | Emamzadeh Pahlavan | Emamzadeh Sadat | Emamzamen | Emarat | Eqbalabad-e Sisakht | Esfahan Police Compound | Esfandan | Eshkaft Gav Mishi Kuh Sorkh | Eshkaft Shah-e Sofla | Eshkaft Siah | Eshkaft Siah | Eshkaft-e Dudar | Eshkaft-e Olya Gelal | Eshkaft-e Qateri Murzard | Eshkaft-e Shiri | Eshkaft-e Sofla Gelal | Eskandari | Eskandari-ye Barmeyun | Eslamabad-e Baba Ahmad | Eslamabad-e Bagh-e Nar | Eslamabad-e Darshahi | Eslamabad-e Deh Now | Eslamabad-e Ghurk | Eslamabad-e Gorgian | Eslamabad-e Heydarabad | Eslamabad-e Jalil | Eslamabad-e Lishtar | Eslamabad-e Mashayekh | Eslamabad-e Nazmakan | Eslamabad-e Tang Seh Riz | Eslamabad-e Tang Sorkh | Esper | Eydanak Fariab-e Kalamak | Faryab Tut | Fashian | Fath | Fazelabad-e Talkhab | Filgah Gabrestan | Gach Boland | Gach Gerd | Gachi | Gaduk Boneh-ye Pir | Gahgah Ahmad | Gand Mazar Ruj | Gandak | Gandom Kesh-e Chitab | Gandomkal | Ganj-e Besiar | Ganjegan-e Olya | Ganjegan-e Sofla | Ganjehi-ye Kohneh | Ganjehi-ye Seh Riz | Garab Dishmuk | Garab | Garab-e Olya | Garab-e Sofla | Gardan Partaraj Tang Pivareh | Gardan Tol-e Barmeyun | Gardaneh-ye Chahar Murun-e Margown | Gardangah | Gardeh Ruch | Gardekan | Gargiu | Garkolagh Neshin | Garmasha | Garr-e Kalagh Neshin-e Amirabad | Garri-ye Ab Kenaru | Garsevareh | Garus | Garuzeh | Gashtiari | Gav Barg | Gav Miru | Gavdaneh-ye Ali Reza | Gavdaneh-ye Ludab | Gavkhus-e Chitab | Gavpash Kesteh | Gazdan | Gehurmordeh-ye Silab | Gendi Khori-ye Olya | Gendi Khori-ye Sofla | Gendi Khori-ye Vosta | Gerdab-e Olya | Gerdab-e Saqaveh | Gerdab-e Sofla | Gerdangeh Sartaveh | Gerdaveh | Gerd-e Kuchak | Gerdeh Pey-e Ajam | Gerdkalat | Gerdukangak | Geshur-e Zilayi | Ghazanfari Khan Ahmad-e Sofla | Ghazanfarkhani | Gholam Ali Pirvezg | Ghurak-e Olya | Ghurak-e Sofla | Ghurak-e Vosta | Godar Shahri | Godar Takhti | Gol Dig-e Silab | Gol Sorkh-e Shabliz | Gol va Bolbol | Gol Zadini-ye Zirkal | Gol-e Chaharabad-e Sadat Mahmudi | Goleh-ye Khur-e Mushemi | Golestan-e Emamzadeh Jafar | Golshan-e Bozorg Mokhtar | Gonaveh | Gonbadbardi-ye Olya | Gonbadbardi-ye Sofla | Gorak | Gorgian | Gormowla | Goshtasb Khan Ahmad-e Sofla | Gowd-e Belhi | Gowd-e Gol-e Bibi Hakimeh | Gowd-e Murd | Gowd-e Talkhdan-e Zilayi | Gowdelun | Gowhargan-e Qadim | Gowhargan-e Sofla | Gudband | Gudkhani | Gudtak | Gurab | Gurab | Gurabadi Darreh Bang | Gurdalu-ye Ab Razgeh | Gur-e Ganju | Guri | Gurtork | Gusheh-ye Olya | Gusheh-ye Shahzadeh Qasem | Gusheh-ye Sofla | Guznan Habibabad-e Mazdak | Haft Cheshmeh | Haft Cheshmeh-ye Dalun | Haft Cheshmeh-ye Lishtar | Hajj Qalandar | Hamzehkhani | Hasanabad-e Kareyak | Hasanabad-e Tabarqu | Hasanabad-e Tang Sorkh | Hasht Peyman | Hasteh Kuh | Hejrat Durab | Heridun-e Zirkal | Heydarabad | Heydarabad-e Olya | Heydarabad-e Sofla | Heydarabad-e Tang Seh Riz | Heydari-ye Ajam | Hiati | Hoseynabad-e Mokhtar | Hoseynabad-e Olya | Hoseynabad-e Rowshanabad | Hoseynabad-e Sofla | Hoseynieh-ye Sar Bardian | Hoseynkhani | Hud Iliyabad Jaber va Naser | Jadval-e Darta Mokhtar | Jadval-e Ghureh-ye Mehrian | Jadval-e Ghureh-ye Mokhtar | Jadval-e Ghureh-ye Nareh Gah | Jahadabad-e Cheshmeh Tagi | Jahadabad-e Narak | Jahan Bakhsh | Jahanabad-e Baraftab | Jahanabad-e Ghurk | Jahanabad-e Markazi | Jahanabad-e Sofla | Jahaniabad | Jamu | Jan Khani | Javanak-e Mohammad Hasan | Javardeh | Jelu | Jovonak | Jowberiz | Jowkar | Jowzar | Jurak-e Nasibollah | Jurak-e Nowzar Kabgivan | Kabmun Ali | Kabuneh | Kabutaran | Kachalun | Kafsh Kanan | Kahdunki-ye Mushemi | Kahva | Kaka Mobarak-e Bibi Hakimeh | Kal Bazar | Kal Gah Patakht | Kal Kalab | Kal Khvajeh-ye Qeysari | Kal Kureh | Kal Malai-ye Jowkar | Kal Mazad Boneh Pir | Kal Qanat-e Jahanabad | Kal Qeysari-ye Olya | Kal Shur | Kalab-e Ahmad | Kalab-e Olya | Kalab-e Sofla | Kalab-e Vosta | Kalagh Khvordeh-ye Sofla | Kalah Gun | Kalak-e Sar Bisheh | Kalat Buneh Rah Dozdan | Kalat | Kalat | Kalatak | Kal-e Jamshid | Kalgah Jalil | Kalgah-e Pahn | Kalgeh Borun | Kalgeh Zari | Kalgeh-ye Amir Sheykhi | Kalleh Gah | Kalleh Sur-e Shabliz | Kalmak-e Gelal | Kalus-e Markazi | Kalus-e Olya | Kalus-e Sofla | Kalus-e Vosta | Kaluvar | Kamak-e Azizollah | Kamak-e Gorg Ali | Kamak-e Khoda Rahem | Kamak-e Khodadad | Kamak-e Nad Ali | Kamak-e Rah Khoda | Kamak-e Safer | Kamalabad | Kamardugh | Kandal | Kandeh Kuh Sardu | Kanjed Zar | Karand | Kareh Jarvadaneh Baraber | Kareh Kareh | Kareh Tutubardi | Kareyak | Karimabad | Karkar Morghi Deli Bajak | Karkarreh | Karreh Dan Zizi | Karreh Karami | Karreh Shahbazi | Karreh-ye Olya | Karreh-ye Sofla | Karun | Kat Siah | Kat | Kata | Kataj | Katal Vasili | Kateh | Katuzar Murzard | Kayid-e Tang Sepu | Kazangan-e Olya | Kazangan-e Sofla | Kelavan-e Rudtalkh | Kelayeh-ye Olya | Kelayeh-ye Sofla | Kelayeh-ye Vosta | Kelkel-e Abbasabad | Kemyan | Kendal | Khadamabad-e Mokhtar | Khahki-ye Chitab | Khalafabad | Khalafabad-e Lishtar | Khali | Khalifehi | Khang Bonar | Khang Narbaneh Pir | Kharbal | Kharestan | Kharter | Kharun Rah | Khazyun-e Olya | Khersan | Kheyarkal | Kheymand | Kheyrabad Khalifeh | Kheyrabad-e Naser | Kheyrabad-e Seyf Laleh | Kheyrabad-e Sofla | Khiyarkaran | Khoda Morad Heygun | Khomeyniabad-e Darshahi | Khong | Khorram Rah | Khoshkedan-e Babakan | Khoshkedan-e Olya | Khumkar | Khungah | Khurdeki | Khvajeh-ye Fazel Allah | Khvosh Ab-e Shirin | Khvoshcharu | Kimeh | Kimeh-ye Olya | Kimeh-ye Sofla | Kizeh-ye Ajam | Kohleh Bardkuh Shah Bahram | Kohleh-ye Hammam | Kohnab | Kolah Barreh | Kolgeh Deli Rich-e Olya | Kombol | Kondeh Gurab | Kondideh | Kor Kor Zar | Kord Laghari | Kotak | Kowkhdan | Kuchak Ali | Kuh Pahn-e Sofla | Kuh Pat | Kuh-e Rak | Kuhsarak-e Olya | Kuhsarak-e Sofla | Kulab-e Fartaq | Kuland-e Zilayi | Kularzan | Kun-e Espid | Kunmesi | Kunmish | Kurki Mokhtar Coffee Cooperative | Kursay Pirzal | Kushk Talkh-e Darghak | Kushk | Kushk | Kushk-e Abul | Kushk-e Amir ol Momeyin | Kushk-e Ghandi | Kushk-e Olya | Kushk-e Zafari La Espid Seyyed Fakhr | Laghizar-e Magher | Lah Deraz-e Deli Khomsir | Lah Farakh-e Mushemi | Lah Frakh Melleh Namdaran | Lah Gavi Dalun | Lah Mari-ye Jowkar | Lah Meleh-ye Olya-ye Jowkar | Lah Meleh-ye Sofla-ye Jowkar | Lah Meleh-ye Vosta-ye Jowkar | Lah Mohammad Khani | Lah Var Hoseyn-e Olya | Lahsavareh | Lal Shahruni Key Mohammad Khan | Lal-e Mina | Lali Sorkhak-e Shabliz | Lamab-e Ab Chendar | Lamab-e Barmeyun | Lamab-e Gol Espid | Lamakun | Lama-ye Olya | Lama-ye Sofla | Landeh | Laplapu | Lar | Larub | Larub | Lash | Lavar | Laveh Pay Tall | Lay Lashan | Leh Howzi | Likak | Lilun | Lir Sukhteh-ye Ludab | Lir Tahrak | Lirab | Lirab | Liravak | Lirburak | Lir-e Bozorg | Lir-e Kuchek | Lirkak | Lirkari | Liru Gerdaveh | Liru Nasrollah | Liseh Dar Gonji | Lishkan | Litun-e Ajam | Lukireh Madavan-e Olya | Madavan-e Sofla | Mafeh-ye Rudtalkh | Mah Gardi | Mahad | Mahmudabad-e Olya | Mahsati Pichab | Mahur Sabz-e Neqareh Khaneh | Mahur-e Basht | Mal Molla | Maladara Sartali | Mal-e Akhund | Malekabad | Malsheykh | Mama Zeynab | Man Darreh Algan | Mangezur | Manlava | Mansurabad-e Mehdiyeh | Mansurabad-e Sarab Khamzan | Mansurkhani | Mardan Masum | Mard-e Khoda | Margh-e Chenar | Margown | Marin | Marum Radeh | Marznagun | Mashhadi Muri | Mashk Kar Jalaleh | Masumabad va Aliabad-e Kareyak | Mazeh Farj-e Esfandan | Mazeh Kaz | Mazeh Kharideh | Mazeh Rostami | Mehdiabad-e Jalaleh | Mehdiabad-e Khan Ahmad | Mehrababad | Mehrabad | Mehrian | Meleh Abgir | Meleh Khvoish-e Sofla | Meleh Seleh-ye Olya | Meleh Shitab | Meleh-ye Badi | Melleh Shahal | Meyaneh | Meydan | Meymand | Mian Chenar-e Mazkur | Mian Darreh Jowkar | Mian Tangan | Mir Abdollah | Mir Ali Mohammad | Mir Ayaz | Mir Aziz | Mir Hojjat Allah Chaharmeh | Miraslan | Mirghazab | Mirjaber Pichab | Mirmaqimi-ye Chitab | Mirza Ali Bahram Beygi | Mirza Bahram Beygi | Mirza Khani | Mirza Mohammad Hoseyn Sarnahil | Mirza Qoli-ye Bahram Beygi | Mirza Rahim | Misavun | Mohammad Khan Tang-e Sepu | Mohammad Taladam Tang Divan-e Mahtab | Mohammad Taqi-ye Magher | Mohammadabad | Mohammadabad-e Ashur Pashur | Mohammadabad-e Lishtar | Mohammadabad-e Salehan | Mohammadabad-e Tang Seh Riz | Molehbarik-e Babakan | Molla Sartip | Mollah Barfi | Mollah-ye Tam | Mondan | Moradi Pereshkaft | Mowg | Mowrd | Mozaffarabad | Mozaffari | Mugarm | Muger | Muger | Munah | Mungirah | Munj | Mur Deraz | Murd Risheh | Murd-e Seyyed Gambuli | Murderaz | Murderaz-e Olya | Murderaz-e Rahbar | Murderaz-e Sofla | Murderaz-e Vosta | Murdi | Mur-e Gham-e Vosta | Mur-e Jowkar | Murgah Kakan | Murgah Kushk | Muri Kaseh | Muri-ye Ajam | Murjan | Murkhani | Murun-e Pas Bagh | Murzard-e Nasrollah | Mushemi | Mushemi-ye Olya | Mushemi-ye Sofla | Mushemi-ye Vosta Nadeh Gandi Khuri | Nadeh-ye Barmeyun | Naderabad-e Neqareh Khaneh | Najafabad | Nakhjir | Nakhudkal | Naqareh Khaneh-ye Filgah | Nar Mirza Ali Rud Sameh | Narak | Narbi Payeh Chaharqash | Naregun Hasan | Narehgah-e Markazi | Narg-e Musa | Nargesi Darreh Bang | Nargesi | Nargesi-ye Guznan | Narkolgeh | Narmun | Narsun | Naseh Gowd-e Harmun-e Jowkar | Naseh Gowd-e Vali Khan-e Jowkar | Naseh Talkhah-e Zarguruk-e Olya | Naseh Talkhah-e Zarguruk-e Sofla | Naseh Tavis | Naseh-ye Mur-e Gham | Naserabad | Nasirabad | Nasrollah Jahan Bin | Nazarabad | Nazgun-e Olya | Nazmakan-e Olya | Nazmakan-e Sofla | Nehzatabad | Nehzat-e Olya | Nehzat-e Sofla | Neqareh Khaneh | Nesah Kuh Ali Chin | Nesah Kuh Veysi Chin | Nesah Kuh-e Bard | Nesah-ye Allahdad | Nesah-ye Mazkur va Nasrollah | Nesah-ye Mohammad Taher | Nesah-ye Olya | Nesah-ye Sofla | Ney Kan | Neyab-e Ab Kenaru | Nimdur | Nohom Orf | Orveh-ye Olya | Orveh-ye Sofla | Orveh-ye Vosta | Owlak-e Beyt Allah | Owza Gelal Pa Chong | Pa Gach-e Kal Jamshid | Pachat-e Charbiyun | Pachat-e Delita | Pachat-e Jowkar | Padeh | Paduk | Pahzir | Pakuh | Paleki-ye Abdi | Panbeh Zar Abdehgah | Papar | Par Zard | Parah Ardeshir-e Jadid | Parah-e Hirami | Pareshkaft-e Darb Kalat | Parhuz-e Emamzadeh Jafar | Parhuz-e Talkhab Shirin | Parikedun | Parkanji | Parvizak | Pas Asiab-e Fartaq | Pas Bagh-e Shamshir | Pas Bayar | Pas Chat Delik | Pas Chat Sharang Rang | Pas Gach-e Chenar | Pas Resh | Pas Tuk | Pasheh Kan | Pat Pat | Pataveh | Pataveh | Pataveh | Pataveh-ye Ajam | Pataveh-ye Bidak | Pataveh-ye Charusa | Pataveh-ye Delita | Pataveh-ye Dezh | Pataveh-ye Gelal | Pataveh-ye Kari | Pataveh-ye Pey Rah | Pataveh-ye Rud Sameh | Pay Par Rud Sameh | Pazanan | Pazanan Deli Ali Penah Beygi | Pazanan-e Deh Chel | Pazin | Peh Nuk | Pey Abzar | Pey Zard-e Bahram Beygi-ye Olya | Pi Kharabeh Darrehna | Pichab | Pir Badami | Pir Hajjati | Pir Murad | Pir Sabz | Pir-e Sefid | Pirvezg | Pist-e Eski-ye Kakan | Piyeh | Pizak Khalifehi | Pol Abza Jalaleh | Posht Bam | Posht Chenar | Posht Par Sardar-e Bard Koshki | Poshtaveh-ye Olya | Poshtaveh-ye Sofla | Posht-e Chah | Poshteh Ab Bal | Poshteh-ye Ab Chendar | Puleh | Purazh | Purjavid | Putab | Puzeh Bali-ye Boland | Puzeh Do Demeh | Puzeh Sefid | Puzeh-ye Kharaftkhaneh | Puzeh-ye Kuhbord | Puzeh-ye Tiz Ab Safer Qaba Sukhteh | Qabr-e Qeysar | Qalat Kat | Qalat | Qalat | Qalatak | Qalat-e Bar Aftab | Qalat-e Markazi-ye Hamidabad | Qaleh Dokhtar | Qaleh Mombi | Qaleh Najaf | Qaleh Raisi | Qalehbani | Qaleh-e Saqaveh | Qaleh-ye Bani-ye Mushemi | Qaleh-ye Dezh Kuh | Qaleh-ye Dezh Nargesi | Qaleh-ye Gol | Qanat-e Bahram Beygi | Qanbarabad | Qasemabad-e Jalil | Qashkamari | Qashkamari-ye Boneh Pir | Qasli Uza | Qeshlaq Khani Bidzard | Qods Garrison Rag Boli Karnad | Rahdar Khaneh Ab Nahar | Rahmali | Rajuneh Kari | Rak | Ravak | Razhdun | Reki | Rigun | Rizak | Rostam Zemani | Rowshanabad | Ruch-e Sofla | Ruchek | Rud Rish | Rud Sameh | Rudashti | Rudbal | Rud-e Ayuk Dar Kheyari | Rudnun Saadatabad | Saadatabad-e Lishtar | Sabur-e Bozorg | Sabur-e Kuchek | Sadat Gerdeli Lash | Sadatabad | Sadatabad-e Lishtar | Sadat-e Chahan | Sadeqi | Sadrollah | Safarabad-e Chin | Safi Khani | Sakdeh | Sakhteman-e Darvish Ghurak | Sakhteman-e Jamshid-e Chin | Sakhteman-e Kahiyar Darreh Bid | Salarabad-e Chenar | Salehan | Sapu Sardar | Sar Asiab-e Ajam | Sar Asiab-e Dasht-e Qazi | Sar Asiab-e Karreh | Sar Asiab-e Landeh | Sar Asiab-e Mugarmun | Sar Asiab-e Yusefi | Sar Bisheh | Sar Bisheh-ye Olya | Sar Bisheh-ye Sofla | Sar Chaharmeh | Sar Chal | Sar Chenar | Sar Darreh | Sar Darreh | Sar Darreh-ye Bibi Roshteh | Sar Dasht-e Abdolreza | Sar Gach | Sar Ghol | Sar Kamar Qareh Khun | Sar Khalun | Sar Khuni | Sar Kuraki-ye Deli Rich-e Olya | Sar Mur-e Kukhdan | Sar Par | Sar Peri | Sar Qanat-e Chitab | Sar Qanat-e Qobad Chenar | Sar Rash | Sar Sur | Sar Sureh | Sar Tang ol Majan | Sar Tang-e Bard Gadun | Sar Tang-e Deh Kohneh Hamidabad | Sar Tang-e Firuzabad | Sar Tang-e Mugarmun | Sar Tang-e Pivareh | Sar Tang-e Tut-e Nadeh | Sar Tirah | Sar Tuf | Sarab Biz | Sarab-e Khamzan-e Kuchek | Sarab-e Mugarm | Sarab-e Naniz | Sarab-e Taveh | Saran | Sarangab-e Boneh Pir | Saraskhaneh | Sarasqaveh Qobarestan | Sarbas-e Olya | Sarbas-e Sofla | Sarchat-e Badhava | Sarchati-ye Ali Mirza | Sarcheshmeh-ye Mushemi | Sardasht-e Kalus | Sardow-ye Olya | Sardow-ye Sofla | Sardudam Run | Sarduk | Sardurun | Sar-e Mahur | Sargar Dangah | Sargar Kuh-e Panbeh | Sargar-e Lir Tahrak | Sargar-e Sasargun | Sargari Kalagh Khvordeh | Sargark | Sarhang | Sarkamar-e Bagh-e Malek | Sarkamar-e Barzian | Sarkuh-e Shahid Deli Bajak | Sarkun-e Biseytun | Sarkur | Sarkuraki-ye Sefidar | Sarmast | Sarnahil-e Mir Rashid | Sarput-e Fartaq | Sarsar-e Rud Sameh | Sartal-e Abdarreh | Sartal-e Dingu | Sartal-e Melleh Gahar | Sartang-e Heygun | Sartang-e Landeh | Sartang-e Lirab | Sartang-e Ravaq | Sartang-e Tang Sorkh | Sartang-e Tomanak | Sartangi | Sartaveh-ye Kabitollah | Sartuf Kat | Sartuf-e Delik | Sarvezg Darreh Bid | Savareh-ye Babakan | Savari | Sefidar-e Markazi | Seh Chah Gelal | Seh Godar | Seh Riz | Seh Tab | Seh Tangun | Semerun | Senagun | Sendan Parah | Serkuh Shareh | Servak | Seyyed Ali | Seyyed Mohammadbaqer | Seyyed Mordeh-ye Yusefi | Seyyed Safi | Seyyed Saleh | Seyyedabad | Shadegan | Shah Bahram | Shah Ghaleb | Shah Hamzeh | Shah Mokhtar | Shah Neshin | Shah Vali | Shah Vali | Shah Vali | Shah Zeynali | Shahada-ye Deli Khomsir | Shahdali Abdi | Shahdali Edris | Shahdali Sib Ali | Shahid Deli Bajak | Shahid Delruz Bizhagan | Shahidabad-e Tang Seh Riz | Shahniz | Shahr Kheybonari-ye Fathi | Shahrak-e Gowd Band | Shahrak-e Kheyzan | Shahrak-e Paqalat | Shahrak-e Posht Gach | Shahrak-e Sadat Gach Boland | Shahrak-e Saqaveh | Shahrak-e Vali-ye Asr | Shahruni | Shahsavari | Shahzadeh Mohammad | Shahzadeh Mohammad | Shali | Shambarakan | Shamsabad | Shams-e Arab | Sharab Goruh | Sherang Rang-e Murzard | Shesh Bard | Sheykh Habil | Sheykh Hoseyn | Sheykh Jan-e Bazkarbasi | Sheykh Khvajeh | Sheykh Sarkeh | Sheykhha | Shijuni-ye Saqaveh | Shilav Dun | Shirazi | Shiri | Shirini-ye Saqah | Shirkhan-e Tang Sepu | Shitab | Shorang Rang | Shotor Khun | Shulkesh Zangava | Shum Shal | Shush-e Olya | Shush-e Sofla | Shutavar | Si Larestan-e Jowzar | Siah Shir | Sib-e Madab-e Sofla | Silab | Silarestan | Silarestan-e Olya Dam Ludab | Silarestan-e Sofla Dam Ludab | Simoki | Sineh Namak | Sirun-e Shabliz | Sisakht | Siseh Garag-e Olya | Siseh Garag-e Sofla | Sivaki-ye Jalil | Sohrasnaji Mangezur | Soltanabad | Sorkhun | Sulak | Suq | Surmurd Tabestan-e Laghizar | Tagek | Tagnareh | Tahalyun | Taksiseh-ye Olya | Taksiseh-ye Sofla | Takyeh | Tal Badam | Tal Bon Pereshkaft | Tal Gudaband | Tal Shakari Fazel Posheh Kan | Talagah-e Olya | Talagah-e Sofla | Tal-e Chega | Tal-e Chegah | Tal-e Gavi | Tal-e Siyah-ye Bid Anjir | Taleh Zar-e Olya | Taleh Zar-e Sofla | Talgehi | Tali Shahi-ye Olya | Talkh Ab-e Ahmadzadeh | Talkhab-e Dishmuk | Talkhab-e Magher | Talkhab-e Olya | Talkhab-e Shirin | Talkhab-e Sofla Bidak | Talkhari-ye Abbas-e Deligerdu | Talkhari-ye Bandar-e Deligerdu | Talkhari-ye Dam-e Deligerdu | Talkheh Dan Mahtab | Talkheh Dan | Talkheh Dan-e Bozorg Amirabad | Talkheh Dan-e Jowkar | Talkheh Dan-e Olya | Talkheh Dan-e Run | Talkheh Zar | Talkheh Zar | Talkheh Zar-e Olya | Talkheh Zar-e Sofla | Tall Babineh | Tall Khani-ye Kakan | Tall Khosrow | Tall Margh | Tall Movizi | Tall Rezaqoli Mambi | Tall Seyyed Fakhr Ahmad | Tall Zari | Tall-e Deraz | Tall-e Ganj Gah | Tall-e Qaleh-ye Mugarmun | Tall-e Quchan | Tall-e Siah | Tall-e Siah-ye Ludab | Tamanak-e Olya | Tamanak-e Sofla | Tamdari | Tang Abi Bard-e Sefid | Tang Arzan-e Shabliz | Tang Asiab-e Ajam | Tang Bustan Zizi | Tang Kushak | Tang Ravaq | Tang Ris | Tang Rud Zizi | Tang Sahali Baluti | Tang Sorkh Gendarmerie | Tang Zard-e Gelal | Tangab-e Sardar | Tangab-e Shur | Tangab-e Shush | Tangari | Tang-e Abdal | Tang-e Algher | Tang-e Anar-e Olya | Tang-e Anar-e Sofla | Tang-e Anar-e Vosta | Tang-e Anjir-e Dishmuk | Tang-e Basht-e Chahar Bisheh | Tang-e Bibi Jun | Tang-e Darman | Tang-e Gur | Tang-e Gurdalu-ye Dishmuk | Tang-e Hamgun | Tang-e Kamadar-e Ab Kenaru | Tang-e Khoshk | Tang-e Khush Tuf Shirin | Tang-e Kolajiki Tahalyun | Tang-e Kushk | Tang-e Kuzi | Tang-e Madul | Tang-e Mahlab-e Mahtab | Tang-e Moshkan | Tang-e Nakami | Tang-e Putak | Tang-e Rastegun | Tang-e Sahteh | Tang-e Siah | Tang-e Sib Darbari | Tang-e Sorkh | Tang-e Sukhteh-ye Lirab | Tang-e Sulak | Tang-e Tey | Tang-e Zard-e Ashura | Tanguleh-ye Anjir | Tank Alak | Tarakak | Tareh Mahi Jashidi | Tarob | Tasuj-e Olya | Taveh Badom | Taveh Espid | Ti Maj | Ti Tap Deh Chel | Tirabgun | Tirdari | Tol-e Kuchak Khiarkar | Tolvandi | Tomanak-e Olya | Tomanak-e Sofla | Tombi | Torab-e Olya | Torab-e Sofla | Torab-e Vosta | Towbori | Tubardi | Tuf Chendar Magher | Tuf Darreh Bid | Tuf Fazel Tahalyun | Tuf Kheymeh | Tugabri | Tulian | Tut-e Nadeh Vaghemi | Vahdatabad-e Mugarmun | Valiabad-e Deli Khomsir | Valihoseyn | Var Jafari-ye Gachi | Var Yekshabeh | Vard Ali Akbar Cham Badbazan | Vardbardeh Rey Tangari | Vardeh | Vardsiseh-ye Margown | Vargard | Vargeru | Varmeleh Kalagh Khvordeh | Vazgestan | Vezg-e Mansurabad Yasuj | Yusefabad-e Mokhtar Zafartehalayi | Zangavai-ye Olya | Zarangoli Run | Zardak | Zardkhani | Zarghamabad | Zarrin Dowtu | Zetin-e Olya | Zetin-e Sofla | Zir Deh-e Qanat Bahram Beygi | Zir Kal | Zir Kamar | Zir-e Tut | Zirkuh | Zirna | Zirnaseh-ye Zizi | Zirnay-e Olya | Zirnay-e Sofla | Zizi | Zu ol Faqari | Zur Azema", "Bertagni __knowledge__ Bertagni is an Italian food company founded in Bologna by Luigi Bertagni in 1882.", "Bertagni __knowledge__ The birth of \"Pastificio Bertagni\" was in 1882 in the workshop of Luigi Bertagni in Bologna.", "Bertagni __knowledge__ Luigi Bertagni, with his brothers Ferdinando and Oreste, not only made quality fresh tortellini, but also studied a method in order to package and conserve them, and thus Luigi developed his business.", "Bertagni __knowledge__ Thanks to the entrepreneurial spirit of Bertagni brothers, their tortellini was appreciated more and more in Italy and abroad.", "Bertagni __knowledge__ The Bertagni brothers entered their pastas in numerous World Fairs, winning the bronze medal at The World’s Fair in Paris in 1889 and at The Chicago Fair in 1894, and the gold medal in St. Louis in 1904.", "Bolognese sauce __knowledge__ Bolognese sauce , known in Italian as ragù alla bolognese ], ragù bolognese ], or simply ragù, is a meat-based sauce originating from Bologna, Italy, hence the name.", "Bolognese sauce __knowledge__ In Italian cuisine, it is customarily used to dress \"\"tagliatelle al ragù\"\" and to prepare \"\"lasagne alla bolognese\"\".", "Bolognese sauce __knowledge__ In the absence of tagliatelle, it can also be used with other broad, flat pasta shapes, such as pappardelle or fettuccine.", "Bolognese sauce __knowledge__ Genuine \"ragù alla bolognese\" is a slowly cooked sauce, and its preparation involves several techniques, including sweating, sautéing and braising.", "Bolognese sauce __knowledge__ Ingredients include a characteristic soffritto of onion, celery and carrot, different types of minced or finely chopped beef, often alongside small amounts of fatty pork.", "Bolognese dog __knowledge__ The Bolognese is a small breed of dog of the bichon type, originating in Italy.", "Bolognese dog __knowledge__ The name refers to the central North Italian city of Bologna.", "Bolognese dog __knowledge__ It is part of the Toy dog group and is considered a companion dog.", "Bolognese dog __knowledge__ They love attention, and make good house pets.", "Bolognese dog __knowledge__ They are good at socializing with other dogs, big and small.", "Bolognese dog __knowledge__ They have a strong bond with the person/s with whom they spend the most time.", "Bolognese dog __knowledge__ The Bolognese is a small, white, compact dog with a distinctive white single coat.", "Bolognese dog __knowledge__ It is of small size, stocky and compact.", "Bolognese dog __knowledge__ It is of square build and well-muscled.", "Bolognese dog __knowledge__ The head is of medium length.", "Bolognese dog __knowledge__ The skull is slightly ovoid.", "The Proms __knowledge__ The Proms, more formally known as the Henry Wood Promenade Concerts presented by the BBC, is an eight-week summer season of daily orchestral classical music concerts and other events held annually, predominantly in the Royal Albert Hall in central London, England, UK.", "The Proms __knowledge__ Founded in 1895, seasons now consist of concerts in Albert Hall, chamber music concerts at Cadogan Hall, additional Proms in the Park events across the UK on the Last Night of the Proms, and associated educational and children's events.", "The Proms __knowledge__ The season is a significant event in British culture.", "The Proms __knowledge__ In classical music, Jiří Bělohlávek described the Proms as \"the world's largest and most democratic musical festival\".", "Bologna __knowledge__ Bologna (; ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna Region in Northern Italy.", "Bologna __knowledge__ It is the seventh most populous city in Italy, at the heart of a metropolitan area of about one million people.", "Bologna __knowledge__ Of Etruscan origin, the city has been a major urban centre for centuries, first under the Romans (\"Bononia\"), then again in the Middle Ages, as a free municipality and signoria, when it was among the largest European cities by population.", "Bologna __knowledge__ Famous for its towers, churches and lengthy porticoes, Bologna has a well-preserved historical centre, thanks to a careful restoration and conservation policy which began at the end of the 1970s.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2015) __knowledge__ This is a timeline of the War in Donbass, from 1 April 2015 to 30 June 2015.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2015) __knowledge__ The timeline follows an ongoing conflict between Ukraine and anti-government pro-Russian separatists allegedly supported by Russian troops in the Donbass region in eastern Ukraine.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2015) __knowledge__ Four Ukrainian soldiers were wounded in action over the past 24 hours in the Donbass region.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2015) __knowledge__ The Ukrainian military reported 13 separatist attacks on Ukrainian troops last night.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2015) __knowledge__ The militias used automatic weapons and heavy mortars to harass Ukrainian positions in Leninske, Maiorsk and Troitske, in the area south of Artemivsk, and in Avdiivka, west of Donetsk city.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas traditions vary from country to country.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas celebrations for many nations include the installing and lighting of Christmas trees, the hanging of Advent wreaths, Christmas stockings, candy canes, and the creation of Nativity scenes depicting the birth of Jesus Christ.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas carols may be sung and stories told about such figures as the Baby Jesus, St Nicholas, Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Christkind or Grandfather Frost.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ The sending and exchange of Christmas card greetings, observance of fasting and special religious observances such as a midnight Mass or Vespers on Christmas Eve, the burning of a Yule log, and the giving and receiving of presents." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is characterized by its simplicity, with many dishes having only two to four main ingredients.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cooks rely chiefly on the quality of the ingredients rather than on elaborate preparation.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Ingredients and dishes vary by region.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Many dishes that were once regional, have proliferated with variations throughout the country.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Pasta, vegetables, olive oil and fish are a major part of the Italian cuisine.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is probably the most important expression of the Mediterranean diet.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine has developed over the centuries.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Although the country known as Italy did not unite until the 19th century, the cuisine can claim traceable roots as far back as the 4th century BCE.", "Red River Gorge Climbers' Coalition __knowledge__ The Red River Gorge Climbers' Coalition (RRGCC) is an advocacy group for rock climbers in the Red River Gorge, Kentucky.", "Red River Gorge Climbers' Coalition __knowledge__ Through relationships with local stakeholders and climbers from all over the world, the RRGCC has worked hard to maintain sustainable access throughout one of the world's top climbing destinations.", "Red River Gorge Climbers' Coalition __knowledge__ The Red River Gorge Climbers' Coalition was founded by local climbers Shannon Stuart-Smith and Kris Snyder in November 1996 as a local climber's advocacy group to protect climbing at the Red River Gorge.", "Red River Gorge Climbers' Coalition __knowledge__ Rock climbing in the Red River Gorge area had originally occurred primarily on the public lands of Daniel Boone National Forest and was therefore subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pasta () is a staple food of traditional Italian cuisine, with the first reference dating to 1154 in Sicily.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Also commonly used to refer to the variety of pasta dishes, pasta is typically a noodle made from an unleavened dough of a durum wheat flour mixed with water or eggs and formed into sheets or various shapes, then cooked by boiling or baking.", "Pasta __knowledge__ As an alternative for those wanting a different taste, or who need to avoid products containing gluten, some pastas can be made using rice flour in place of wheat.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pastas may be divided into two broad categories, dried (\"pasta secca\") and fresh (\"pasta fresca\").", "Neapolitan cuisine __knowledge__ Neapolitan cuisine has ancient historical roots that date back to the Greco-Roman period, which was enriched over the centuries by the influence of the different cultures that controlled Naples and its kingdoms, such as that of Aragon and France.", "Neapolitan cuisine __knowledge__ Since Naples was the capital of the Kingdom of Naples, its cuisine took much from the culinary traditions of all the Campania region, reaching a balance between dishes based on rural ingredients (pasta, vegetables, cheese) and seafood dishes (fish, crustaceans, mollusks).", "Neapolitan cuisine __knowledge__ A vast variety of recipes is influenced by the local aristocratic cuisine, such as \"timballo\" and the \"\", pasta or rice dishes with very elaborate preparation, and dishes from popular traditions prepared with inexpensive but nutritionally healthy ingredients, like \"pasta e fagioli\" (pasta with beans) and other pasta dishes with vegetables.", "List of nutrition guides __knowledge__ This is a list of nutrition guides.", "List of nutrition guides __knowledge__ A nutrition guide is a reference that provides nutrition advice for general health, typically by dividing foods into food groups and recommending servings of each group.", "List of nutrition guides __knowledge__ Nutrition guides can be presented in written or visual form, and are commonly published by government agencies, health associations and university health departments.", "List of nutrition guides __knowledge__ Most countries also have nutrition facts labels which are not listed here; many of those reference specific target amounts for various nutrients.", "List of nutrition guides __knowledge__ The Hippocratic Corpus of Ancient Greece contains one of the earliest known nutrition guides.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines of several European countries, with a particular emphasis on Mediterranean food from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Other possible influences on the cuisine may result from immigration from countries such as Germany and Britain.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The food is very similar to Argentine cuisine.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products, mostly coming from beef but also chicken, lamb, pig and sometimes fish.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan gastronomy came from immigration, and did not come from the Amerindians, because the new colonies did not trust the natives.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are still boiling and roasting, but with modernization also came frying (see milanesas and chivitos).", "Field ration __knowledge__ A field ration, combat ration or ration pack is a canned or pre-packaged meal, easily prepared and eaten, transported by military troops on the battlefield.", "Field ration __knowledge__ They are distinguished from regular military rations by virtue of being designed for minimal preparation in the field, using canned, pre-cooked or freeze-dried foods, powdered beverage mixes and concentrated food bars, as well as for long shelf life.", "Field ration __knowledge__ Such meals also prove invaluable for disaster relief operations, where large stocks of these can be ferried and distributed easily, and provide basic nutritional support to victims before kitchens can be set up to produce fresh food.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Turkish cuisine __knowledge__ Turkish cuisine (Turkish: \"Türk mutfağı\") is largely the heritage of Ottoman cuisine, which can be described as a fusion and refinement of Central Asian, Middle Eastern and Balkan cuisines.", "Turkish cuisine __knowledge__ Turkish cuisine has in turn influenced those and other neighbouring cuisines, including those of Southeast Europe (Balkans), Central Europe, and Western Europe.", "Turkish cuisine __knowledge__ The Ottomans fused various culinary traditions of their realm with influences from Levantine cuisines, along with traditional Turkic elements from Central Asia (such as yogurt and mantı), creating a vast array of specialities—many with strong regional associations.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "Danish cuisine __knowledge__ Danish cuisine (), originating from the peasant population's own local produce, was enhanced by cooking techniques developed in the late 19th century and the wider availability of goods after the Industrial Revolution.", "Danish cuisine __knowledge__ The open sandwiches, known as \"smørrebrød\", which in their basic form are the usual fare for lunch, can be considered a national speciality when prepared and decorated with a variety of fine ingredients.", "Danish cuisine __knowledge__ Hot meals are traditionally prepared from ground meats, such as \"frikadeller\" (meat balls) and \"medisterpølse\", or from more substantial meat and fish dishes such as \"flæskesteg\" (roast pork with crackling) or \"kogt torsk\" (poached cod) with mustard sauce and trimmings." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is characterized by its simplicity, with many dishes having only two to four main ingredients.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cooks rely chiefly on the quality of the ingredients rather than on elaborate preparation.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Ingredients and dishes vary by region.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Many dishes that were once regional, have proliferated with variations throughout the country.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Pasta, vegetables, olive oil and fish are a major part of the Italian cuisine.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is probably the most important expression of the Mediterranean diet.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine has developed over the centuries.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Although the country known as Italy did not unite until the 19th century, the cuisine can claim traceable roots as far back as the 4th century BCE.", "Scratch (programming language) __knowledge__ Scratch is a free visual programming language and online community used by millions of children around the world.", "Scratch (programming language) __knowledge__ With Scratch, children can create their own interactive stories, games and animations, then share and discuss their creations with one another.", "Scratch (programming language) __knowledge__ Developed by the Lifelong Kindergarten group at the MIT Media Lab to help children (ages 8 and up) learn to think creatively, reason systematically and work collaboratively.", "Scratch (programming language) __knowledge__ Scratch is translated into 70+ languages and is used in homes, schools, and after-school clubs in every country in the world.", "Scratch (programming language) __knowledge__ Scratch is often used in teaching coding, computer science, and computational thinking.", "Scratch reflex __knowledge__ The scratch reflex is a response to activation of sensory neurons whose peripheral terminals are located on the surface of the body.", "Scratch reflex __knowledge__ Some sensory neurons can be activated by stimulation with an external object such as a parasite on the body surface.", "Scratch reflex __knowledge__ Alternatively, some sensory neurons can respond to a chemical stimulus that produces an itch sensation.", "Scratch reflex __knowledge__ During a scratch reflex, a nearby limb reaches toward and rubs against the site on the body surface that has been stimulated.", "Scratch reflex __knowledge__ The scratch reflex has been extensively studied to understand the functioning of neural networks in vertebrates.", "Scratch reflex __knowledge__ Despite decades of research, key aspects of the scratch reflex are still unknown, such as the neural mechanisms by which the reflex is terminated.", "Golf __knowledge__ Golf is a club and ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible.", "Golf __knowledge__ Golf, unlike most ball games, cannot and does not utilize a standardized playing area, and coping with the varied terrains encountered on different courses is a key part of the game.", "Golf __knowledge__ The game at the highest level is played on a course with an arranged progression of 18 holes, though recreational courses can be smaller, usually 9 holes.", "Golf __knowledge__ Each hole on the course must contain a tee box to start from, and a putting green containing the actual hole or cup (4.25 inches in diameter).", "Nuzzle and Scratch __knowledge__ Nuzzle and Scratch is a British children's television programme, shown on CBeebies.", "Nuzzle and Scratch __knowledge__ It stars two eponymous puppet alpacas created and developed by Barry Quinn and Alan Robinson and written by various writers.", "Nuzzle and Scratch __knowledge__ The show starts with a beautiful scene of the Andes which is where Nuzzle and Scratch are originally from: (We're from high up in the Andes, we've got hooves instead of handies) Each episode follows the same format, Nuzzle and Scratch work for '2 by 2, the Any Animal Agency'.", "Nuzzle and Scratch __knowledge__ run by The Boss, a tough-talking girl.", "Nuzzle and Scratch __knowledge__ She receives a phone call from someone who is in desperate need of some assistance.", "Nicholas Scratch __knowledge__ Nicholas Scratch is a fictional wizard and supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Nicholas Scratch __knowledge__ He is predominantly a foe of the Fantastic Four, and a notable foe of the Defenders.", "Nicholas Scratch __knowledge__ Nicholas Scratch first appeared in \"Fantastic Four\" #185 (August 1977) and was created by Len Wein (writer) and George Pérez (artist).", "Nicholas Scratch __knowledge__ The name \"Nicholas Scratch\" is an amalgam of colloquial and euphemistic names for the Devil: \"Old Nick\" and \"Old Scratch\" or \"Mr. Scratch\" (as used in \"The Devil and Daniel Webster\").", "Nicholas Scratch __knowledge__ Nicholas Scratch is the son of Agatha Harkness and was a resident of the hidden community of New Salem, Colorado, a secret community populated by magic users.", "The Devil and Daniel Webster __knowledge__ \"The Devil and Daniel Webster\" is a short story by Stephen Vincent Benét.", "The Devil and Daniel Webster __knowledge__ This Faustian tale was inspired by Washington Irving's short story \"The Devil and Tom Walker.\"", "The Devil and Daniel Webster __knowledge__ Benet's story centers on a New Hampshire farmer who sells his soul to the Devil and is defended by Daniel Webster, a fictional version of the famous statesman, lawyer, and orator.", "The Devil and Daniel Webster __knowledge__ The story appeared in \"The Saturday Evening Post\" (October 24, 1936) and was later published in book form by Farrar & Rinehart, 1937.", "The Devil and Daniel Webster __knowledge__ That same year, it won the O. Henry Award.", "The Devil and Daniel Webster __knowledge__ The author also adapted it in 1938 into a folk opera with music by Douglas Stuart Moore, a fellow Yale University alumnus, member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, and winner of a Pulitzer Prize.", "Turntablism __knowledge__ Turntablism is the art of manipulating sounds and creating new music, sound effects, mixes and other creative sounds and beats, typically by using two or more turntables and a cross fader-equipped DJ mixer.", "Turntablism __knowledge__ The mixer is plugged into a PA system for live events and/or broadcasting equipment (if the DJ is performing on radio, TV or Internet radio) so that a wider audience can hear the turntablist's music.", "Turntablism __knowledge__ Turntablists manipulate records on a turntable by moving the record with their hand to cue the stylus to exact points on a record, and by touching or moving the platter or record to stop, slow down, speed up or, spin the record backwards, or moving the turntable platter back and forth (the popular rhythmic \"scratching\" effect which is a key part of hip hop music), all while using a DJ mixer's crossfader control and the mixer's gain and equalization controls to adjust the sound and level of each turntable.", "Curry __knowledge__ Curry (, plural curries) is an umbrella term referring to a number of dishes originating in the cuisine of the Indian subcontinent.", "Curry __knowledge__ The common feature is the use of complex combinations of spices or herbs, usually including fresh or dried hot chillies.", "Curry __knowledge__ The use of the term is generally limited to dishes prepared in a sauce.", "Curry __knowledge__ Curry dishes prepared in the southern states of India may be spiced with leaves from the curry tree.", "Curry __knowledge__ There are many varieties of dishes called 'curries'.", "Curry __knowledge__ For example, in original traditional cuisines, the precise selection of spices for each dish is a matter of national or regional cultural tradition, religious practice, and, to some extent, family preference.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Soy sauce __knowledge__ Soy sauce (also called soya sauce in British English) is a liquid condiment of Chinese origin, made from a fermented paste of soybeans, roasted grain, brine, and \"Aspergillus oryzae\" or \"Aspergillus sojae\" molds.", "Soy sauce __knowledge__ Soy sauce in its current form was created about 2,200 years ago during the Western Han dynasty of ancient China, and spread throughout East and Southeast Asia where it is used in cooking and as a condiment.", "Soy sauce __knowledge__ Soy sauce (酱油) is considered almost as old as soy paste — a type of fermented paste (Jiang, ) obtained from soybeans — which had appeared during the Western Han dynasty and was listed in the bamboo slips found in the archaeological site Mawangdui.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomato sauce (also known as Neapolitan sauce, and referred to in Italy as Salsa di pomodoro) refers to any of a very large number of sauces made primarily from tomatoes, usually to be served as part of a dish (rather than as a condiment).", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomato sauces are common for meat and vegetables, but they are perhaps best known as sauces for pasta dishes.", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomatoes have a rich flavor, high liquid content, very soft flesh which breaks down easily, and the right composition to thicken into a sauce when they are cooked (without the need of thickeners such as roux).", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ All of these qualities make them ideal for simple and appealing sauces.", "Sweet and sour __knowledge__ Sweet and sour is a generic term that encompasses many styles of sauce, cuisine and cooking methods.", "Sweet and sour __knowledge__ Commonly used in China, it has been used in England since the Middle Ages, and remains popular in Europe and in the Americas.", "Sweet and sour __knowledge__ Some authors say that the original sweet and sour sauce () came from the Chinese province of Hunan, but the sauce in this area is a light vinegar and sugar mixture not resembling what most people, including the Chinese, would call sweet and sour.", "Sweet and sour __knowledge__ Many places in China use a sweet and sour sauce as a dipping sauce for fish and meat, rather than in cooking as is commonly found in westernized Chinese cuisine." ] ]

[ 1, 16, 0, 70 ]

[ "That makes two of us! I love all food from Italy. We had bolognese for dinner last night! ", "That is quite tasty. I like both the meat or cheese stuffed ones.", "My husband totally agrees. We normally make the sauce from scratch at our house. ", "The bolognese sauce takes a long time to cook, but its so worth it. It simmers for about 6 hours. The leftovers are even better. The tomato sauce is absolutely delicious." ]

[ "Italian cuisine", "Italian cuisine", "Italian cuisine", "Italian cuisine" ]

[ "Blue", "I have heard it is a art color", "What else do you know about it", "I wonder who discovered that?", "Do you know what year that happened" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Dunellen, New Jersey __knowledge__ Dunellen is a borough in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States.", "Dunellen, New Jersey __knowledge__ As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 7,227, reflecting an increase of 404 (+5.9%) from the 6,823 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 295 (+4.5%) from the 6,528 counted in the 1990 Census.", "Dunellen, New Jersey __knowledge__ Dunellen was formed as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on October 28, 1887, when it broke away from Piscataway Township, based on the results of a referendum held on March 23, 1886.", "Dunellen, New Jersey __knowledge__ Dunellen's incorporation was confirmed on April 15, 1914.", "Dunellen, New Jersey __knowledge__ The borough was named for the Dunellen station of the Central Railroad of New Jersey.", "Chromogenic print __knowledge__ A chromogenic print, also known as a dye coupler print or a silver halide print, is a photographic print made from a color negative, transparency, or digital image and developed using a chromogenic process.", "Chromogenic print __knowledge__ They are the most common print for printing color photographs.", "Chromogenic print __knowledge__ They are composed of three layers of gelatin, each containing a light-sensitive material and a different dye coupler of subtractive color that together form a full-color image.", "Chromogenic print __knowledge__ The light-sensitive material in the print, like in black and white photographic papers, is a silver halide emulsion.", "Chromogenic print __knowledge__ Developing color by using an oxidized developer was first suggested by German chemist Benno Homolka, who, by oxidizing indoxyl and theo-indoxyl, developed insoluble green and red dyes on a latent image.", "Antelope Club __knowledge__ The Antelope Club (legally the Wyoming Antelope Hunter's Protective Association, Inc.) is a non-profit social club in Indianapolis, Indiana.", "Antelope Club __knowledge__ It is governed by a nine-member volunteer board of directors, elected by club members.", "Antelope Club __knowledge__ The Antelope Club is one of the very few establishments in Indianapolis which still permit smoking indoors.", "Antelope Club __knowledge__ The preferred nomenclature for a member is 'Loper'.", "Antelope Club __knowledge__ The Antelope Club is open to the public for lunch on weekdays, and has membership reciprocity with over 100 social clubs across the United States and Canada.", "Antelope Club __knowledge__ Membership in the Antelope Club is open to men and women over the age of 21.", "Douglas Kent Hall __knowledge__ Douglas Kent Hall (December 12, 1938 – March 30, 2008) was an American writer and photographer.", "Douglas Kent Hall __knowledge__ Hall was a fine art photographer and writer of fiction, poetry, nonfiction, essays, and screenplays.", "Douglas Kent Hall __knowledge__ He was in high school when he first published a story, his first published photographs were of Jimi Hendrix and Jim Morrison, and his first exhibition of photographs was at the Whitney Museum of American Art.", "Douglas Kent Hall __knowledge__ He published twenty-five books, including two with Arnold Schwarzenegger.", "Douglas Kent Hall __knowledge__ His photographs are of rock and roll superstars, rodeo, cowboys, prison, flamenco, bodybuilders, the U.S.-Mexico border, the American West, New Mexico, New York City, Japan, Brazil, Mexico, Great Britain, Greece, Russia, Native Americans, writers, and artists.", "Dunellen station __knowledge__ Dunellen is a New Jersey Transit railroad station on the Raritan Valley Line, in Dunellen, New Jersey.", "Dunellen station __knowledge__ It is the only Raritan Valley Line station in Middlesex County.", "Dunellen station __knowledge__ There is a ticket office and small waiting area at this stop.", "Dunellen station __knowledge__ A simple station, there are two tracks with two small side platforms.", "Dunellen station __knowledge__ The station is located on a high embankment.", "Dunellen station __knowledge__ Trains stop serving the station at midnight and resume by 5 in the morning.", "Dunellen station __knowledge__ Automatic ticket vending machines have been installed along with an automated voice telling commuters when their train will arrive.", "Dunellen station __knowledge__ Since the opening of the railroad, the tracks of the Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ) crossed through the borough of Dunellen at grade level with roads.", "Joel Sternfeld __knowledge__ Joel Sternfeld (born June 30, 1944) is a fine-art color photographer noted for his large-format documentary pictures of the United States and helping establish color photography as a respected artistic medium.", "Joel Sternfeld __knowledge__ He has many works in the permanent collections of the MOMA in New York City and the Getty Center in Los Angeles.", "Joel Sternfeld __knowledge__ He has influenced a generation of color photographers, including Andreas Gursky, who borrows many of Sternfeld's techniques and approaches.", "Joel Sternfeld __knowledge__ Sternfeld earned a BA from Dartmouth College and teaches photography at Sarah Lawrence College in New York.", "Joel Sternfeld __knowledge__ He began taking color photographs in 1970 after learning the color theory of Johannes Itten and Josef Albers.", "Effects unit __knowledge__ An effects unit or pedal is an electronic or digital device that alters how a musical instrument or other audio source sounds.", "Effects unit __knowledge__ In the 2010s, most effects use solid-state electronics and/or computer chips.", "Effects unit __knowledge__ Some vintage effects units from the 1930s to the 1970s and modern reissues of these effects use mechanical components as well (e.g., Leslie rotating speaker, spring reverb, and tape recorder-based echo effects) or vacuum tubes.", "Effects unit __knowledge__ Some effects subtly \"color\" a sound, such as a reverb unit used on a low setting, while others transform it dramatically, such as a distortion pedal used with electric guitar, with the overdrive set to its maximum level.", "Color theory __knowledge__ In the visual arts, color theory or colour theory is a body of practical guidance to color mixing and the visual effects of a specific color combination.", "Color theory __knowledge__ There are also definitions (or categories) of colors based on the color wheel: primary color, secondary color and tertiary color.", "Color theory __knowledge__ Although color theory principles first appeared in the writings of Leone Battista Alberti (c.1435) and the notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci (c.1490), a tradition of \"colory theory\" began in the 18th century, initially within a partisan controversy over Isaac Newton's theory of color (\"Opticks\", 1704) and the nature of primary colors.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color psychology is the study of hues as a determinant of human behavior.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color influences perceptions that are not obvious, such as the taste of food.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colours can also enhance the effectiveness of placebos.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For example, red or orange pills are generally used as stimulants.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colour can indeed influence a person; however, it is important to remember that these effects differ between people.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Factors such as gender, age, and culture can influence how an individual perceives color.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For instance, heterosexual men tend to report that red outfits enhance female attractiveness, while heterosexual females deny any outfit color impacting that of men.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ Complementary colors are pairs of colors which, when combined, cancel each other out.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ This means that when combined, they produce a gray-scale color like white or black.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ When placed next to each other, they create the strongest contrast for those particular two colors.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ Due to this striking color clash, the term opposite colors is often considered more appropriate than \"complementary colors\".", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ Which pairs of colors are considered complementary depends on the color theory one uses: On the traditional color wheel developed in the 18th century, used by Claude Monet and Vincent van Gogh and other painters, and still used by many artists today, the primary colors were considered to be red, yellow, and blue, and the primary–secondary complementary pairs are red–green (Christmas), blue-orange (Westwood), and yellow–purple (Mesa High).", "Yellow __knowledge__ Yellow is the color between green and orange on the spectrum of visible light.", "Yellow __knowledge__ It is evoked by light with a dominant wavelength of roughly 570590 nm.", "Yellow __knowledge__ It is a primary color in subtractive color systems, used in painting or color printing.", "Yellow __knowledge__ In the RGB color model, used to create colors on television and computer screens, yellow is a secondary color made by combining red and green at equal intensity.", "Yellow __knowledge__ Carotenoids give the characteristic yellow color to autumn leaves, corn, canaries, daffodils, and lemons, as well as egg yolks, buttercups, and bananas.", "Yellow __knowledge__ They absorb light energy and protect plants from photodamage.", "Pink __knowledge__ Pink is a pale red color that is named after a flower of the same name.", "Pink __knowledge__ It was first used as a color name in the late 17th century.", "Pink __knowledge__ According to surveys in Europe and the United States, pink is the color most often associated with charm, politeness, sensitivity, tenderness, sweetness, childhood, femininity and the romantic.", "Pink __knowledge__ It is associated with chastity and innocence when combined with white, but associated with eroticism and seduction when combined with purple or black.", "Pink __knowledge__ The color pink is named after the flowers, pinks, flowering plants in the genus \"Dianthus,\" and derives from the frilled edge of the flowers.", "Primary color __knowledge__ A set of primary colors is, most tangibly, a set of \"real\" physical pigmented media or colored lights that can be combined in varying amounts to produce a \"gamut\" of colors.", "Primary color __knowledge__ This is the essential method used in applications that are intended to elicit the perception of diverse sets of color, e.g.", "Primary color __knowledge__ electronic displays, color printing, and paintings.", "Primary color __knowledge__ Perceptions associated with a given combination of primary colors are predicted by applying the appropriate mixing model (additive, subtractive, additive averaging etc.)", "Primary color __knowledge__ that embodies the underlying physics of how light interacts with the media and ultimately the retina.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The RGB color model is an additive color model in which red, green and blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The name of the model comes from the initials of the three additive primary colors, red, green, and blue.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The main purpose of the RGB color model is for the sensing, representation and display of images in electronic systems, such as televisions and computers, though it has also been used in conventional photography.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ Before the electronic age, the RGB color model already had a solid theory behind it, based in human perception of colors.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ RGB is a \"device-dependent\" color model: different devices detect or reproduce a given RGB value differently, since the color elements (such as phosphors or dyes) and their response to the individual R, G, and B levels vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, or even in the same device over time." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ John Lawrence McKenzie (October 9, 1910 – March 2, 1991) was born on October 9, 1910, in Brazil, Indiana, the first of the six children of Myra (Daly) and Harry McKenzie.", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ John McKenzie became the premier Catholic Biblical scholar of the mid-twentieth century; indeed, John Courtney Murray, SJ, wrote that John McKenzie was \"the best Catholic theologian he knew of in the United States.\"", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ John McKenzie was interested in the Jesuits from an early age.", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ At some significant sacrifice to his family, he was enrolled in a Jesuit boarding high school in St. Mary’s, Kansas, where he came first in his class three out of his four years there.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ Jiya Jale was a popular Hindi TV serial that aired on 9X channel from 19 November 2007 to 19 June 2008, Monday to Thursday at 8:30 pm IND / 9.00pm UK, based on the concept of love story of Sunaina and Chandan.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show was replaced by Dahhej, another popular show on 9X.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show aired again on 9X in 2009 due to its popularity.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show also aired on Zee Anmol and Zee Lamhee in 2015.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story is based on the life of an ordinary girl Sunaina, who was brought up in a close and caring family.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story takes off when Sunaina has just fallen in the love with the idea of love, when she meets Chandan.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The Texarkana Moonlight Murders, a term coined by the news media, references the unsolved murders committed in and around Texarkana in the spring of 1946 by an unidentified serial killer known as the \"Phantom Killer\", or \"Phantom Slayer\".", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The killer is credited with attacking eight people within ten weeks, five of whom were killed.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The attacks happened on weekends between February 22, 1946 and May 3, 1946.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The first two victims, Jimmy Hollis and Mary Larey, survived.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The first double murder, which involved Richard Griffin and Polly Ann Moore, happened four weeks later.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The second double-homicide, involving Paul Martin and Betty Jo Booker, occurred exactly three weeks from the first murders.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ The Plame affair (also known as the CIA leak scandal and Plamegate) was a political scandal that revolved around journalist Robert Novak's public identification of Valerie Plame as a covert Central Intelligence Agency officer in 2003.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ In 2002, Plame wrote a memo to her superiors in which she expressed hesitation in recommending her husband, former diplomat Joseph C. Wilson, to the CIA for a mission to Niger to investigate claims that Iraq had arranged to purchase and import uranium from the country, but stated that he \"may be in a position to assist\".", "Plame affair __knowledge__ After President George W. Bush stated that \"Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa\" during the run-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Wilson published a July 2003 op-ed in \"The New York Times\" stating his doubts during the mission that any such transaction with Iraq had taken place.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Walter Giles Yea (20 May 1808 – 18 June 1855) was a British Army colonel, known for his role in the Crimean War, where he was killed in action.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Born in Park Row, Bristol, on 20 May 1808, he was eldest son of Sir William Walter Yea, second baronet, of Pyrland, near Taunton, Somerset, who married, on 24 June 1805, Anne Heckstetter (d. 1846), youngest daughter of Colonel David Michel of Dulish House, Dorset.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Yea was educated at Eton College.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ He was commissioned as ensign in the 37th foot on 6 October 1825, obtained an unattached lieutenancy on 19 December 1826, was appointed to the 5th Foot on 13 March 1827, and exchanged to the 7th (Royal Fusiliers) on 13 March 1828.", "Violet-green swallow __knowledge__ The violet-green swallow (\"Tachycineta thalassina\") is a small North American passerine bird in the swallow family.", "Violet-green swallow __knowledge__ These aerial insectivores are distributed along the west coast from Alaska to Mexico, extending as far east as Montana and Texas.", "Violet-green swallow __knowledge__ With an appearance very similar to the tree swallow, these individuals can be identified by the white rump side-patches that appear to separate their green back and purple tail.", "Violet-green swallow __knowledge__ Violet-green swallows are secondary cavity nesters, found in a number of habitats including deciduous and coniferous forests.", "Violet-green swallow __knowledge__ In addition to nesting in tree holes within these habitats, they are also widely observed nesting in the cracks of large cliffs.", "Violet (color) __knowledge__ Violet is the color at the end of the visible spectrum of light between blue and the invisible ultraviolet.", "Violet (color) __knowledge__ Violet color has a dominant wavelength of approximately 380-450 nanometers.", "Violet (color) __knowledge__ Light with a shorter wavelength than violet but longer than X-rays and gamma rays is called ultraviolet.", "Violet (color) __knowledge__ In the color wheel historically used by painters, it is located between blue and purple.", "Violet (color) __knowledge__ On the screens of computer monitors and television sets, a color which looks similar to violet is made, with the RGB color model, by mixing red and blue light, with the blue twice as bright as the red.", "Violet (color) __knowledge__ This is not true violet, since it is composed of multiple longer wavelengths rather than a single wavelength shorter than that of blue light.", "Star Sapphire (comics) __knowledge__ Star Sapphire is the name of several fictional characters in DC Comics; many of them are villainous, and all connected in origin.", "Star Sapphire (comics) __knowledge__ Within DC continuity, an immortal race of warrior women (the Zamarons) were depicted as having the ancient tradition of choosing physically identical mortals from across the cosmos to serve as the host body for their queen.", "Star Sapphire (comics) __knowledge__ The woman chosen to serve this queen is called \"Star Sapphire\".", "Star Sapphire (comics) __knowledge__ She is given the queen's symbolic weapon; a crystal resembling an actual star sapphire that grants the user powers similar to the power ring of Green Lanterns.", "Star Sapphire (comics) __knowledge__ In the 2000s the term came to refer to the Star Sapphires, an organization whose members in part include women previously depicted as the singular Star Sapphire in DC titles.", "Violet budgerigar mutation __knowledge__ The violet budgerigar mutation is one of approximately 30 mutations affecting the colour of budgerigars.", "Violet budgerigar mutation __knowledge__ It is one of the constituent mutations of the violet variety.", "Violet budgerigar mutation __knowledge__ The violet factor produces a visual effect in any bird which carries it.", "Violet budgerigar mutation __knowledge__ The effect depends on whether the violet factor is single or double and whether the dark and blue mutations are present.", "Violet budgerigar mutation __knowledge__ In total there are 18 visually different combinations of these three mutations.", "Violet budgerigar mutation __knowledge__ However, only three of these approximate to the colour specified by the visual violet exhibition standard.", "Violet budgerigar mutation __knowledge__ The World Budgerigar Organisation has established precise standards for some budgerigar body colours using the Pantone Codes." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The following is a list of episodes from the American animated children's television series, \"Wonder Pets!\".", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ It debuted on March 3, 2006, on the Nick Jr. block of the Nickelodeon cable television network and Noggin (now Nick Jr.) on December 27, 2006.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ 1.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ Save the Dolphin!/Save the Chimp!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Air Date 9/18/06) The Wonder Pets travel to Hawaii to save a baby dolphin caught in a fishing net who is in danger of drowning.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The Wonder Pets rig their Flyboat for space travel and head for the stars to rescue a baby chimp whose spaceship is about to be hit by a meteor!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Fact: Christine Ka'aloa plays the mother dolphin in this first episode.)", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ Wonder Man (Simon Williams) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ Created by writer Stan Lee and artists Don Heck and Jack Kirby, he first appeared in \"The Avengers\" #9 (October 1964).", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ The character was initially introduced as a rival to Tony Stark and after being imbued with \"ionic\" energy, became a supervillain who fought the Avengers.", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ After a series of events, Simon Williams was reborn as a superhero joining the team he originally fought against.", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ In 2012, Wonder Man was ranked 38th in IGN's list of \"The Top 50 Avengers\".", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ Wonder Man debuted in the superhero-team title \"The Avengers\" #9 (cover-dated Oct. 1964), but appeared to die in that issue.", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ This article is about the history of the fictional DC Comics' character Wonder Woman, who was introduced in \"All Star Comics\" #8 (December 1941), then appearing in \"Sensation Comics\" #1 (January 1942), Six months later appeared in her own comic book series (Summer 1942).", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Since her debut, five regular series of \"Wonder Woman\" have been published, the last launched in June 2016 as part of the DC Rebirth.", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman was introduced in \"All Star Comics\" #8 (December 1941), during the era known to comics historians as the \"Golden Age of Comic Books\".", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Following this debut, she was featured in \"Sensation Comics\" #1 (January 1942), and six months later appeared in her own comic book series (Summer 1942).", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Stevland Hardaway Morris (born Stevland Hardaway Judkins; May 13, 1950), known by his stage name Stevie Wonder, is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, and multi-instrumentalist.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ A child prodigy, he is considered to be one of the most critically and commercially successful musical performers of the late 20th century.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Wonder signed with Motown's Tamla label at the age of 11, and he continued performing and recording for Motown into the 2010s.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ He has been blind since shortly after birth.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Among Wonder's works are singles such as \"Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours\", \"Superstition\", \"Sir Duke\", \"You Are the Sunshine of My Life\" and \"I Just Called to Say I Love You\"; and albums such as \"Talking Book\", \"Innervisions\" and \"Songs in the Key of Life\".", "Diana Prince __knowledge__ Diana Prince is a fictional character appearing regularly in stories published by DC Comics, as the secret identity of the Amazonian superhero Wonder Woman, who bought the credentials and identity from a United States Army nurse, named Diana Prince, who went to South America and married her fiancé to become Diana White.", "Diana Prince __knowledge__ The character debuted in \"Sensation Comics\" #1 (January 1942) and was created by Charles Moulton and H. G. Peter.", "Diana Prince __knowledge__ The fictional career of Diana Prince evolved over the years, from the original Army nurse to becoming a military intelligence officer (promoted to higher ranks), then later a civilian employee, businesswoman, astronaut, or staff member at the United Nations, etc.", "Wonder Stories __knowledge__ Wonder Stories was an early American science fiction magazine which was published under several titles from 1929 to 1955.", "Wonder Stories __knowledge__ It was founded by Hugo Gernsback in 1929 after he had lost control of his first science fiction magazine, \"Amazing Stories\", when his media company Experimenter Publishing went bankrupt.", "Wonder Stories __knowledge__ Within a few months of the bankruptcy, Gernsback launched three new magazines: \"Air Wonder Stories\", \"Science Wonder Stories\" and \"Science Wonder Quarterly\".", "Wonder Stories __knowledge__ \"Air Wonder Stories\" and \"Science Wonder Stories\" were merged in 1930 as \"Wonder Stories\", and the quarterly was renamed \"Wonder Stories Quarterly\".", "Rayleigh scattering __knowledge__ Rayleigh scattering (pronounced ), named after the British physicist Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt), is the (dominantly) elastic scattering of light or other electromagnetic radiation by particles much smaller than the wavelength of the radiation.", "Rayleigh scattering __knowledge__ Rayleigh scattering does not change the state of material and is, hence, a parametric process.", "Rayleigh scattering __knowledge__ The particles may be individual atoms or molecules.", "Rayleigh scattering __knowledge__ It can occur when light travels through transparent solids and liquids, but is most prominently seen in gases.", "Rayleigh scattering __knowledge__ Rayleigh scattering results from the electric polarizability of the particles.", "Rayleigh scattering __knowledge__ The oscillating electric field of a light wave acts on the charges within a particle, causing them to move at the same frequency.", "Eye color __knowledge__ Eye color is a polygenic phenotypic character determined by two distinct factors: the pigmentation of the eye's iris and the frequency-dependence of the scattering of light by the turbid medium in the stroma of the iris.", "Eye color __knowledge__ In humans, the pigmentation of the iris varies from light brown to black, depending on the concentration of melanin in the iris pigment epithelium (located on the back of the iris), the melanin content within the iris stroma (located at the front of the iris), and the cellular density of the stroma.", "Eye color __knowledge__ The appearance of blue and green, as well as hazel eyes, results from the Tyndall scattering of light in the stroma, a phenomenon similar to that which accounts for the blueness of the sky called Rayleigh scattering.", "Mie scattering __knowledge__ The Mie solution to Maxwell's equations (also known as the Lorenz–Mie solution, the Lorenz–Mie–Debye solution or Mie scattering) describes the scattering of an electromagnetic plane wave by a homogeneous sphere.", "Mie scattering __knowledge__ The solution takes the form of an infinite series of spherical multipole partial waves.", "Mie scattering __knowledge__ It is named after Gustav Mie.", "Mie scattering __knowledge__ The term \"Mie solution\" is also used for solutions of Maxwell's equations for scattering by stratified spheres or by infinite cylinders, or other geometries where one can write separate equations for the radial and angular dependence of solutions.", "Mie scattering __knowledge__ The term \"Mie theory\" is sometimes used for this collection of solutions and methods; it does not refer to an independent physical theory or law.", "Skyglow __knowledge__ Skyglow (or sky glow) is the diffuse luminance of the night sky, apart from discrete light sources such as the Moon and visible individual stars.", "Skyglow __knowledge__ It is a commonly noticed aspect of light pollution.", "Skyglow __knowledge__ While usually referring to sky luminance arising from artificial lighting, skyglow may also involve any nighttime sources of diffuse light, including natural ones like the zodiacal light, starlight, and airglow.", "Skyglow __knowledge__ In the context of light pollution, skyglow arises from the use of artificial light sources, including electrical (or rarely gas) lighting used for illumination and advertisement, and from gas flares.", "Atmospheric optics __knowledge__ Atmospheric optics deals with how the unique optical properties of Earth's atmosphere cause a wide range of spectacular optical phenomena.", "Atmospheric optics __knowledge__ The blue color of the sky is a direct result of Rayleigh scattering, which redirects higher frequency (blue) sunlight back into the field of view of the observer.", "Atmospheric optics __knowledge__ Because blue light is scattered more easily than red light, the Sun takes on a reddish hue when it is observed through a thick atmosphere, as during a sunrise or sunset.", "Atmospheric optics __knowledge__ Additional particulate matter in the sky can scatter different colors at different angles, creating colorful, glowing skies at dusk and dawn.", "Scattering __knowledge__ Scattering is a general physical process where some forms of radiation, such as light, sound, or moving particles, are forced to deviate from a straight trajectory by one or more paths due to localized non-uniformities in the medium through which they pass.", "Scattering __knowledge__ In conventional use, this also includes deviation of reflected radiation from the angle predicted by the law of reflection.", "Scattering __knowledge__ Reflections that undergo scattering are often called \"diffuse reflections\" and unscattered reflections are called \"specular\" (mirror-like) reflections.", "Scattering __knowledge__ Scattering may also refer to particle-particle collisions between molecules, atoms, electrons, photons and other particles." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The Texarkana Moonlight Murders, a term coined by the news media, references the unsolved murders committed in and around Texarkana in the spring of 1946 by an unidentified serial killer known as the \"Phantom Killer\", or \"Phantom Slayer\".", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The killer is credited with attacking eight people within ten weeks, five of whom were killed.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The attacks happened on weekends between February 22, 1946 and May 3, 1946.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The first two victims, Jimmy Hollis and Mary Larey, survived.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The first double murder, which involved Richard Griffin and Polly Ann Moore, happened four weeks later.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The second double-homicide, involving Paul Martin and Betty Jo Booker, occurred exactly three weeks from the first murders.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ Tanja von Lahnstein (née Wittkamp, formerly von Anstetten, Rai and von Lahnstein) is a fictional character from the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\", played by actress Miriam Lahnstein.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ She made her first appearance on-screen on 21 June 1995 and left after three years in May 1998.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ Lahnstein returned to the role in 2001, where she was seen from 24 April to 5 October.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ She came back another three years later and reappeared on 16 April 2004.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ Lahnstein left the show for a short time, while being on contract, from June 2005 to March 2006 and from March to December 2007 during the pregnancy of her two children.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 2000 and December 2009.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Alex Perez first appeared on November 29, 2000, later becoming the fiancée of Malcolm Winters and lover of his brother, Neil.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ The role, portrayed by Alexia Robinson, was created to fill the void left by Victoria Rowell.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Prior to her debut, the character was only known as \"Erin\".", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ In 2002, it was announced that Robinson was to exit \"The Young and the Restless\" after the expiration of her contract, and departed onscreen on May 9, 2002.", "2012 Benghazi attack __knowledge__ The 2012 Benghazi attack refers to a coordinated attack against two United States government facilities in Benghazi, Libya by members of the Islamic militant group Ansar al-Sharia.", "2012 Benghazi attack __knowledge__ At 9:40 p.m., September 11, members of Ansar al-Sharia attacked the American diplomatic compound in Benghazi resulting in the deaths of U.S.", "2012 Benghazi attack __knowledge__ Ambassador to Libya J. Christopher Stevens and U.S. Foreign Service Information Management Officer Sean Smith.", "2012 Benghazi attack __knowledge__ Stevens was the first U.S. ambassador killed in the line of duty since 1979.", "2012 Benghazi attack __knowledge__ At around 4:00 a.m. on September 12, the group launched a mortar attack against a CIA annex approximately away, killing CIA contractors Tyrone S. Woods and Glen Doherty and wounding ten others.", "John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh __knowledge__ John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, (; 12 November 1842 – 30 June 1919) was a physicist who, with William Ramsay, discovered argon, an achievement for which he earned the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1904.", "John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh __knowledge__ He also discovered the phenomenon now called Rayleigh scattering, which can be used to explain why the sky is blue, and predicted the existence of the surface waves now known as Rayleigh waves.", "John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh __knowledge__ Rayleigh's textbook,\" The Theory of Sound\", is still referred to by acoustic engineers today.", "John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh __knowledge__ Strutt was born on 12 November 1842 at Langford Grove in Maldon, Essex.", "John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh __knowledge__ In his early years he suffered from frailty and poor health.", "Rayleigh scattering __knowledge__ Rayleigh scattering (pronounced ), named after the British physicist Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt), is the (dominantly) elastic scattering of light or other electromagnetic radiation by particles much smaller than the wavelength of the radiation.", "Rayleigh scattering __knowledge__ Rayleigh scattering does not change the state of material and is, hence, a parametric process.", "Rayleigh scattering __knowledge__ The particles may be individual atoms or molecules.", "Rayleigh scattering __knowledge__ It can occur when light travels through transparent solids and liquids, but is most prominently seen in gases.", "Rayleigh scattering __knowledge__ Rayleigh scattering results from the electric polarizability of the particles.", "Rayleigh scattering __knowledge__ The oscillating electric field of a light wave acts on the charges within a particle, causing them to move at the same frequency.", "Rayleigh–Jeans law __knowledge__ In physics, the Rayleigh–Jeans Law is an approximation to the spectral radiance of electromagnetic radiation as a function of wavelength from a black body at a given temperature through classical arguments.", "Rayleigh–Jeans law __knowledge__ For wavelength formula_1, it is: where formula_3 is the spectral radiance; the power emitted per unit emitting area, per steradian, per unit wavelength, formula_4 is the speed of light, formula_5 is the Boltzmann constant and formula_6 is the temperature in kelvins.", "Rayleigh–Jeans law __knowledge__ For frequency formula_7, the expression is instead The Rayleigh–Jeans law agrees with experimental results at large wavelengths (low frequencies) but strongly disagrees at short wavelengths (high frequencies).", "Jagadish Chandra Bose __knowledge__ Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose, CSI, CIE, FRS (; ; 30 November 1858 – 23 November 1937), also spelled Jagdish and Jagadis, was a polymath, physicist, biologist, biophysicist, botanist and archaeologist, and an early writer of science fiction.", "Jagadish Chandra Bose __knowledge__ Living in British India, he pioneered the investigation of radio and microwave optics, made significant contributions to plant science, and laid the foundations of experimental science in the Indian subcontinent.", "Jagadish Chandra Bose __knowledge__ IEEE named him one of the fathers of radio science.", "Jagadish Chandra Bose __knowledge__ Bose is considered the father of Bengali science fiction, and also invented the crescograph, a device for measuring the growth of plants.", "History of chemistry __knowledge__ The history of chemistry represents a time span from ancient history to the present.", "History of chemistry __knowledge__ By 1000 BC, civilizations used technologies that would eventually form the basis of the various branches of chemistry.", "History of chemistry __knowledge__ Examples include extracting metals from ores, making pottery and glazes, fermenting beer and wine, extracting chemicals from plants for medicine and perfume, rendering fat into soap, making glass, and making alloys like bronze.", "History of chemistry __knowledge__ The protoscience of chemistry, alchemy, was unsuccessful in explaining the nature of matter and its transformations.", "History of chemistry __knowledge__ However, by performing experiments and recording the results, alchemists set the stage for modern chemistry.", "Rayleigh wave __knowledge__ Rayleigh waves are a type of surface acoustic wave that travel along the surface of solids.", "Rayleigh wave __knowledge__ They can be produced in materials in many ways, such as by a localized impact or by piezo-electric transduction, and are frequently used in non-destructive testing for detecting defects.", "Rayleigh wave __knowledge__ Rayleigh waves are part of the seismic waves that are produced on the Earth by earthquakes.", "Rayleigh wave __knowledge__ When guided in layers they are referred to as Lamb waves, Rayleigh–Lamb waves, or generalized Rayleigh waves.", "Rayleigh wave __knowledge__ Rayleigh waves are a type of surface wave that travel near the surface of solids.", "Rayleigh wave __knowledge__ Rayleigh waves include both longitudinal and transverse motions that decrease exponentially in amplitude as distance from the surface increases.", "Rayleigh–Bénard convection __knowledge__ Rayleigh–Bénard convection is a type of natural convection, occurring in a plane horizontal layer of fluid heated from below, in which the fluid develops a regular pattern of convection cells known as Bénard cells.", "Rayleigh–Bénard convection __knowledge__ Rayleigh–Bénard convection is one of the most commonly studied convection phenomena because of its analytical and experimental accessibility.", "Rayleigh–Bénard convection __knowledge__ The convection patterns are the most carefully examined example of self-organizing nonlinear systems.", "Rayleigh–Bénard convection __knowledge__ Buoyancy, and hence gravity, is responsible for the appearance of convection cells.", "Rayleigh–Bénard convection __knowledge__ The initial movement is the upwelling of lesser density fluid from the heated bottom layer." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 5, 48, 50 ]

[ "My favorite color is one of the 3 primary colors, Blue", "yea, its a cross between violet and green", "The sky and ocean look blue to the human eye because of an effect known as rayleigh scattering", "It was named after British physicist Lord Rayleigh who discovered it", "He won the noble prize in 1904, so sometime around then" ]

[ "Blue", "Blue", "Blue", "Blue", "Blue" ]

[ "Fishing vessel\nHello, I own a fishing vessel left to me as an inheritance by my late grand father but I don't know anything about vessels or fishes. Can you tell me something about these?", "Amazing, what level of skill do i need to start out? Do you think I should hire people to help me out?", "I think to sell the fishes I catch. The vessel is fairly big. It will be a waste to use it for recreational purposes", "Thanks for your advice. Do you know if there is any policy governing the ownership of fishing vessels?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ A fishing vessel is a boat or ship used to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Many different kinds of vessels are used in commercial, artisanal and recreational fishing.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ According to the FAO, there are currently (2004) four million commercial fishing vessels.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ About 1.3 million of these are decked vessels with enclosed areas.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Nearly all of these decked vessels are mechanised, and 40,000 of them are over 100 tons.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ At the other extreme, two-thirds (1.8 million) of the undecked boats are traditional craft of various types, powered only by sail and oars.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ These boats are used by artisan fishers.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ It is difficult to estimate the number of recreational fishing boats.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ They range in size from small dinghies to large charter cruisers, and unlike commercial fishing vessels, are often not dedicated just to fishing.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Prior to the 1950s there was little standardisation of fishing boats.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Designs could vary between ports and boatyards.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Traditionally boats were built of wood, but wood is not often used now because it has higher maintenance costs and lower durability.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Fibreglass is used increasingly in smaller fishing vessels up to 25 metres (100 tons), while steel is usually used on vessels above 25 metres.", "Ukulhas __knowledge__ Ukulhas(Dhivehi: އުކުޅަސް), one of the inhabited islands of Alif Alif Atoll, is a uniquely featured, environmentally friendly island in the maldives, famed for its cleanliness, well-maintained waste management system and also known as first systematically waste managed Island in the history of Republic of Maldives.", "Ukulhas __knowledge__ Ukulhas conducts several cleaning and planting programs each year and organizes several awareness programs on waste management, marine ecosystems, and biodiversity.", "Ukulhas __knowledge__ As being recognized as an environmental role model island in the Rep of Maldives, Ukulhas achieved Green Leaf award in the year 2014 for its outstanding services on protecting and preserving the Island's environment.", "Vessel monitoring system __knowledge__ Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) is a general term to describe systems that are used in commercial fishing to allow environmental and fisheries regulatory organizations to track and monitor the activities of fishing vessels.", "Vessel monitoring system __knowledge__ They are a key part of monitoring control and surveillance (MCS) programs at national and international levels.", "Vessel monitoring system __knowledge__ VMS may be used to monitor vessels in the territorial waters of a country or a subdivision of a country, or in the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) that extend 200 nautical miles (370.4 km) from the coasts of many countries.", "Vessel monitoring system __knowledge__ VMS systems are used to improve the management and sustainability of the marine environment, through ensuring proper fishing practices and the prevention of illegal fishing, and thus protect and enhance the livelihoods of fishermen.", "United States v. Approximately 64,695 Pounds of Shark Fins __knowledge__ United States v. Approximately 64,695 Pounds of Shark Fins (520 F.3d 976) is a 2008 decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit concerning civil forfeiture in admiralty law.", "United States v. Approximately 64,695 Pounds of Shark Fins __knowledge__ Judge Stephen Reinhardt wrote for a three-judge panel that ordered that the shark fins be returned to their owners, reversing a decision by the Southern District of California.", "United States v. Approximately 64,695 Pounds of Shark Fins __knowledge__ The government did not appeal the case further.", "United States v. Approximately 64,695 Pounds of Shark Fins __knowledge__ The case began in 2002 when a Coast Guard crew working from a Navy ship stopped and searched the \"King Diamond II\", a U.S.-flagged, Hong Kong-based vessel in international waters off the coast of Guatemala.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands and its people have made numerous seminal contributions to the world's civilization, especially in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine, and agriculture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ Dutch-speaking people, in spite of their relatively small number, have a significant history of invention, innovation, discovery and exploration.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The following list is composed of objects, (largely) unknown lands, breakthrough ideas/concepts, principles, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques, styles etc., that were discovered or invented (or pioneered) by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands (\"Zuid-Nederlanders\" in Dutch)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ A fishing vessel is a boat or ship used to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Many different kinds of vessels are used in commercial, artisanal and recreational fishing.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ According to the FAO, there are currently (2004) four million commercial fishing vessels.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ About 1.3 million of these are decked vessels with enclosed areas.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Nearly all of these decked vessels are mechanised, and 40,000 of them are over 100 tons.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ At the other extreme, two-thirds (1.8 million) of the undecked boats are traditional craft of various types, powered only by sail and oars.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ These boats are used by artisan fishers.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ It is difficult to estimate the number of recreational fishing boats.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ They range in size from small dinghies to large charter cruisers, and unlike commercial fishing vessels, are often not dedicated just to fishing.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Prior to the 1950s there was little standardisation of fishing boats.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Designs could vary between ports and boatyards.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Traditionally boats were built of wood, but wood is not often used now because it has higher maintenance costs and lower durability.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Fibreglass is used increasingly in smaller fishing vessels up to 25 metres (100 tons), while steel is usually used on vessels above 25 metres.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: B __knowledge__ Baal was the leader of the Sandstormers, who found Apocalypse as a baby and raised him.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: B __knowledge__ The character, created by Terry Kavanagh and Adam Pollina first appeared in \"The Rise of Apocalypse\" #1 (October 1996).", "List of Marvel Comics characters: B __knowledge__ Baal is the leader of the Sandstormers, raiders and scavengers in ancient Egypt who lived by the dogma of survival of the fittest.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: B __knowledge__ When Kang the Conqueror went back in time in his spaceship, the Sphinx, and crash landed, he was found by the Sandstormers.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: B __knowledge__ Inside, Baal and his people found a wounded Kang, and nursed him back to health.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: B __knowledge__ When Kang recovered, he ran away and became pharaoh of Egypt as Rama Tut.", "Illegal immigration to the United States __knowledge__ Illegal immigration to the United States is the entry into the United States of foreign nationals without government permission, and in violation of United States immigration laws.", "Illegal immigration to the United States __knowledge__ Foreign nationals are also illegal immigrants if they continue to be in the country after their visa, or other authority to enter or be in the country, has expired.", "Illegal immigration to the United States __knowledge__ The United States had nearly open borders until 1924, which meant that all immigrants to the United States up to that point were legal.", "Illegal immigration to the United States __knowledge__ The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and a few other modest border regulations were enacted in the 1870s and 1880s.", "Illegal immigration to the United States __knowledge__ The \"Immigration Act of 1924\" established visa requirements and enacted quotas for immigrants from specific countries.", "Spider-Man's powers and equipment __knowledge__ The fictional Marvel Comics superhero Spider-Man, who debuted in 1962, is well known for his unique superhuman abilities as depicted in the comics and other media.", "Spider-Man's powers and equipment __knowledge__ He receives most of his powers when he is bitten by a radioactive common house spider.", "Spider-Man's powers and equipment __knowledge__ He uses his technical skill to develop equipment and weapons to complement his powers, and wears a number of costumes, many of which have special properties.", "Spider-Man's powers and equipment __knowledge__ When Peter Parker was bitten by an irradiated spider, radioactive mutagenic enzymes in the spider's venom quickly caused numerous body-wide changes.", "Spider-Man's powers and equipment __knowledge__ Immediately after the bite, he was granted his original powers: primarily superhuman strength, reflexes, and balance; the ability to cling tenaciously to most surfaces; and a subconscious ability to sense everything in his surroundings, which he called a \"spider-sense\".", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ The political positions of Mitt Romney have been recorded from his 1994 U.S. senatorial campaign, the 2002 gubernatorial election, during his 2003–2007 governorship, during his 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, in his 2010 book \"\", and during his 2012 U.S. presidential campaign.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ Some of these political positions have changed, while others have remained unchanged.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In his 1994 Senate campaign, Romney called for the \"virtual elimination\" of the federal Department of Agriculture and for reductions in farm subsidies.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In 2007, when questioned about these views, a Romney for President Iowa campaign spokesman responded: \"Governor Romney believes that investing in agriculture is key to our economy and families.\"", "Amazing Stories __knowledge__ Amazing Stories is an American science fiction magazine launched in April 1926 by Hugo Gernsback's Experimenter Publishing.", "Amazing Stories __knowledge__ It was the first magazine devoted solely to science fiction.", "Amazing Stories __knowledge__ Science fiction stories had made regular appearances in other magazines, including some published by Gernsback, but \"Amazing\" helped define and launch a new genre of pulp fiction.", "Amazing Stories __knowledge__ \"Amazing\" was published, with some interruptions, for almost eighty years, going through a half-dozen owners and many editors as it struggled to be profitable.", "Amazing Stories __knowledge__ Gernsback was forced into bankruptcy and lost control of the magazine in 1929, and by 1938 it was purchased by Ziff-Davis, who hired Raymond A. Palmer as editor.", "Economy of the Middle East __knowledge__ The Economy of the Middle East is very diverse, composed of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kurdistan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.", "Economy of the Middle East __knowledge__ The individual economies range from hydrocarbon exporting rentier economies to government led socialist economies to free market economies.", "Economy of the Middle East __knowledge__ Collectively, the region is best known for producing and exporting oil.", "Economy of the Middle East __knowledge__ The oil industry significantly impacts the entire region, both through the wealth that it generates and through the movement of labor.", "Economy of the Middle East __knowledge__ Most of the countries in the region have undertaken efforts to diversify their economies in recent years, however.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the northwest coast of California near the redwood forests several Indian tribes developed large dugout canoes they used for fishing, trade and warfare.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the practice of catching fish.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ It is a pre-historic practice dating back at least 40,000 years.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Since the 16th century fishing vessels have been able to cross oceans in pursuit of fish and since the 19th century it has been possible to use larger vessels and in some cases process the fish on board.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ The term fishing may be applied to catching other aquatic animals such as shellfish, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ The term is not usually applied to catching aquatic mammals, such as whales, where the term whaling is more appropriate, or to farmed fish.", "Traditional fishing boat __knowledge__ Traditionally, many different kinds of boats have been used as fishing boats to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river.", "Traditional fishing boat __knowledge__ Even today, many traditional fishing boats are still in use.", "Traditional fishing boat __knowledge__ According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), at the end of 2004, the world fishing fleet consisted of about 4 million vessels, of which 2.7 million were undecked (open) boats.", "Traditional fishing boat __knowledge__ While nearly all decked vessels were mechanised, only one-third of the undecked fishing boats were powered, usually with outboard engines.", "Traditional fishing boat __knowledge__ The remaining 1.8 million boats were traditional craft of various types, operated by sail and oars.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing may include catching aquatic animals other than fish, such as molluscs, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "Fishing __knowledge__ The term is not normally applied to catching farmed fish, or to aquatic mammals, such as whales where the term whaling is more appropriate.", "Fishing __knowledge__ According to the United Nations FAO statistics, the total number of commercial fishermen and fish farmers is estimated to be 38 million.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fisheries and aquaculture provide direct and indirect employment to over 500 million people in developing countries.", "Vessel monitoring system __knowledge__ Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) is a general term to describe systems that are used in commercial fishing to allow environmental and fisheries regulatory organizations to track and monitor the activities of fishing vessels.", "Vessel monitoring system __knowledge__ They are a key part of monitoring control and surveillance (MCS) programs at national and international levels.", "Vessel monitoring system __knowledge__ VMS may be used to monitor vessels in the territorial waters of a country or a subdivision of a country, or in the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) that extend 200 nautical miles (370.4 km) from the coasts of many countries.", "Vessel monitoring system __knowledge__ VMS systems are used to improve the management and sustainability of the marine environment, through ensuring proper fishing practices and the prevention of illegal fishing, and thus protect and enhance the livelihoods of fishermen.", "Cod fisheries __knowledge__ Cod fisheries are fisheries for cod.", "Cod fisheries __knowledge__ Cod is the common name for fish of the genus \"Gadus\", belonging to the family Gadidae, and this article is confined to the three species that belong to this genus: the Atlantic cod, the Pacific cod and the Greenland cod.", "Cod fisheries __knowledge__ Cod are demersal fish found in huge schools confined to temperate waters in the northern hemisphere.", "Cod fisheries __knowledge__ Atlantic cod are found in the colder waters and deeper sea regions throughout the Northern Atlantic.", "Cod fisheries __knowledge__ The Pacific cod is found in both eastern and western regions of the Pacific.", "Cod fisheries __knowledge__ Atlantic cod can grow to in length.", "Cod fisheries __knowledge__ Its average weight is , but specimens weighing up to have been recorded." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ A fishing vessel is a boat or ship used to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Many different kinds of vessels are used in commercial, artisanal and recreational fishing.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ According to the FAO, there are currently (2004) four million commercial fishing vessels.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ About 1.3 million of these are decked vessels with enclosed areas.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Nearly all of these decked vessels are mechanised, and 40,000 of them are over 100 tons.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ At the other extreme, two-thirds (1.8 million) of the undecked boats are traditional craft of various types, powered only by sail and oars.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ These boats are used by artisan fishers.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ It is difficult to estimate the number of recreational fishing boats.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ They range in size from small dinghies to large charter cruisers, and unlike commercial fishing vessels, are often not dedicated just to fishing.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Prior to the 1950s there was little standardisation of fishing boats.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Designs could vary between ports and boatyards.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Traditionally boats were built of wood, but wood is not often used now because it has higher maintenance costs and lower durability.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Fibreglass is used increasingly in smaller fishing vessels up to 25 metres (100 tons), while steel is usually used on vessels above 25 metres.", "Scuba diving __knowledge__ Scuba diving is a form of underwater diving where the diver uses a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) which is completely independent of surface supply, to breathe underwater.", "Scuba diving __knowledge__ Scuba divers carry their own source of breathing gas, usually compressed air, allowing them greater independence and freedom of movement than surface-supplied divers, and longer underwater endurance than breath-hold divers.", "Scuba diving __knowledge__ Open circuit scuba systems discharge the breathing gas into the environment as it is exhaled, and consist of one or more diving cylinders containing breathing gas at high pressure which is supplied to the diver through a regulator.", "Southern bluefin tuna __knowledge__ The southern bluefin tuna, \"Thunnus maccoyii\", is a tuna of the family Scombridae found in open southern Hemisphere waters of all the world's oceans mainly between 30°S and 50°S, to nearly 60°S.", "Southern bluefin tuna __knowledge__ At up to and weighing up to , it is among the larger bony fishes.", "Southern bluefin tuna __knowledge__ Southern bluefin tuna, like other pelagic tuna species, are part of a group of bony fishes that can maintain their body core temperature up to above the ambient temperature.", "Southern bluefin tuna __knowledge__ This advantage enables them to maintain high metabolic output for predation and migrating large distances.", "Southern bluefin tuna __knowledge__ The southern bluefin tuna is an opportunistic feeder, preying on a wide variety of fish, crustaceans, cephalopods, salps, and other marine animals.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing may include catching aquatic animals other than fish, such as molluscs, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "Fishing __knowledge__ The term is not normally applied to catching farmed fish, or to aquatic mammals, such as whales where the term whaling is more appropriate.", "Fishing __knowledge__ According to the United Nations FAO statistics, the total number of commercial fishermen and fish farmers is estimated to be 38 million.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fisheries and aquaculture provide direct and indirect employment to over 500 million people in developing countries.", "Recreational diving __knowledge__ Recreational diving or sport diving is diving for the purpose of leisure and enjoyment, usually when using scuba equipment.", "Recreational diving __knowledge__ The term \"recreational diving\" may also be used in contradistinction to \"technical diving\", a more demanding aspect of recreational diving which requires greater levels of training, experience and equipment to compensate for the more hazardous conditions associated with the disciplines.", "Recreational diving __knowledge__ Breath-hold diving for recreation also fits into the broader scope of the term, but this article covers the commonly used meaning of \"scuba diving for recreational purposes, where the diver is not constrained from making a direct near-vertical ascent to the surface at any point during the dive\".", "Petitcodiac River __knowledge__ The Petitcodiac River , known informally as the Chocolate River, is a Canadian river in south-eastern New Brunswick.", "Petitcodiac River __knowledge__ The river has a meander length of and is located in Westmorland, Albert, and Kings counties, draining a watershed area of about .", "Petitcodiac River __knowledge__ The watershed features valleys, ridges, and rolling hills, and is home to a diverse population of terrestrial and aquatic species.", "Petitcodiac River __knowledge__ Ten named tributaries join the river in its course toward its mouth in Shepody Bay.", "Petitcodiac River __knowledge__ Before the construction of a causeway in 1968, the river had one of the world's largest tidal bores, which ranged from in height and moved at .", "Pelagic fish __knowledge__ Pelagic fish live in the pelagic zone of ocean or lake waters – being neither close to the bottom nor near the shore – in contrast with demersal fish, which do live on or near the bottom, and reef fish, which are associated with coral reefs.", "Pelagic fish __knowledge__ The marine pelagic environment is the largest aquatic habitat on Earth, occupying 1,370 million cubic kilometres (330 million cubic miles), and is the habitat for 11% of known fish species.", "Pelagic fish __knowledge__ The oceans have a mean depth of 4000 metres.", "Pelagic fish __knowledge__ About 98% of the total water volume is below , and 75% is below .", "Pelagic fish __knowledge__ Marine pelagic fish can be divided into pelagic coastal fish and oceanic pelagic fish.", "Occam's razor __knowledge__ Occam's razor (also Ockham's razor; Latin: \"lex parsimoniae\" \"law of parsimony\") is a problem-solving principle attributed to William of Ockham (c. 1287–1347), who was an English Franciscan friar, scholastic philosopher, and theologian.", "Occam's razor __knowledge__ His principle states that among competing hypotheses, the one with the fewest assumptions should be selected.", "Occam's razor __knowledge__ In science, Occam's razor is used as a heuristic guide in the development of theoretical models, rather than as a rigorous arbiter between candidate models.", "Occam's razor __knowledge__ In the scientific method, Occam's razor is not considered an irrefutable principle of logic or a scientific result; the preference for simplicity in the scientific method is based on the falsifiability criterion.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the northwest coast of California near the redwood forests several Indian tribes developed large dugout canoes they used for fishing, trade and warfare.", "Adirondack League Club v. Sierra Club __knowledge__ Adirondack League Club vs. Sierra Club was a court case decided on December 17, 1998, by New York's highest court, the New York Court of Appeals, denying the defendants’ motions for summary judgment that the South Branch of the Moose River flowing through Adirondack League Club property was a public highway, but holding that recreational use can be considered in determining if a river is a public highway.", "Adirondack League Club v. Sierra Club __knowledge__ The case was sent back to the trial court for additional review.", "Adirondack League Club v. Sierra Club __knowledge__ However, the case was settled before there was a final court determination as to whether the river was a public highway.", "Adirondack League Club v. Sierra Club __knowledge__ The settlement, which can be found under Appendix 12 of the Moose River Plains Wild Forest Unit Management Plan, allows the public to use the river at certain times of the year and under certain conditions.", "Cannabis in Canada __knowledge__ In Canada as of late 2017, cannabis – usually referred to as marihuana or marijuana – is legal only for medicinal purposes and only under conditions outlined in the \" Access to Cannabis for Medical Purposes Regulations (ACMPR).", "Cannabis in Canada __knowledge__ \" issued by Health Canada.", "Cannabis in Canada __knowledge__ The cultivation of the cannabis is currently legal in Canada for seed, grain and fibre production only under licences issued by Health Canada.", "Cannabis in Canada __knowledge__ Cannabis was first banned in Canada in 1923, with regulated medical cannabis becoming legal in 2001.", "Cannabis in Canada __knowledge__ In response to popular opinion, Justin Trudeau, the leader of the Liberal Party of Canada committed to legalizing cannabis for personal use while campaigning during the Canadian federal election, 2015." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ A fishing vessel is a boat or ship used to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Many different kinds of vessels are used in commercial, artisanal and recreational fishing.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ According to the FAO, there are currently (2004) four million commercial fishing vessels.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ About 1.3 million of these are decked vessels with enclosed areas.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Nearly all of these decked vessels are mechanised, and 40,000 of them are over 100 tons.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ At the other extreme, two-thirds (1.8 million) of the undecked boats are traditional craft of various types, powered only by sail and oars.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ These boats are used by artisan fishers.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ It is difficult to estimate the number of recreational fishing boats.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ They range in size from small dinghies to large charter cruisers, and unlike commercial fishing vessels, are often not dedicated just to fishing.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Prior to the 1950s there was little standardisation of fishing boats.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Designs could vary between ports and boatyards.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Traditionally boats were built of wood, but wood is not often used now because it has higher maintenance costs and lower durability.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Fibreglass is used increasingly in smaller fishing vessels up to 25 metres (100 tons), while steel is usually used on vessels above 25 metres.", "Vessel monitoring system __knowledge__ Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) is a general term to describe systems that are used in commercial fishing to allow environmental and fisheries regulatory organizations to track and monitor the activities of fishing vessels.", "Vessel monitoring system __knowledge__ They are a key part of monitoring control and surveillance (MCS) programs at national and international levels.", "Vessel monitoring system __knowledge__ VMS may be used to monitor vessels in the territorial waters of a country or a subdivision of a country, or in the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) that extend 200 nautical miles (370.4 km) from the coasts of many countries.", "Vessel monitoring system __knowledge__ VMS systems are used to improve the management and sustainability of the marine environment, through ensuring proper fishing practices and the prevention of illegal fishing, and thus protect and enhance the livelihoods of fishermen.", "Fishing in Portugal __knowledge__ Fishing is a major economic activity in Portugal.", "Fishing in Portugal __knowledge__ The country has a long tradition in the sector, and is among the countries in the world with the highest fish consumption per capita.", "Fishing in Portugal __knowledge__ Roman ruins of fish processing facilities were found across the Portuguese coast.", "Fishing in Portugal __knowledge__ Fish has been an important staple for the entire Portuguese population, at least since the Portuguese Age of Discovery.", "Fishing in Portugal __knowledge__ The Portuguese fishing sector is divided into various subsectors, which in turn are divided between industrial fishing and artisanal fishing.", "Fishing in Portugal __knowledge__ According to trade union sources, over 50% of fishing workers work in the artisanal area.", "United States v. Approximately 64,695 Pounds of Shark Fins __knowledge__ United States v. Approximately 64,695 Pounds of Shark Fins (520 F.3d 976) is a 2008 decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit concerning civil forfeiture in admiralty law.", "United States v. Approximately 64,695 Pounds of Shark Fins __knowledge__ Judge Stephen Reinhardt wrote for a three-judge panel that ordered that the shark fins be returned to their owners, reversing a decision by the Southern District of California.", "United States v. Approximately 64,695 Pounds of Shark Fins __knowledge__ The government did not appeal the case further.", "United States v. Approximately 64,695 Pounds of Shark Fins __knowledge__ The case began in 2002 when a Coast Guard crew working from a Navy ship stopped and searched the \"King Diamond II\", a U.S.-flagged, Hong Kong-based vessel in international waters off the coast of Guatemala.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the northwest coast of California near the redwood forests several Indian tribes developed large dugout canoes they used for fishing, trade and warfare.", "Economy of Portugal __knowledge__ Portugal ranked 46th in the WEF's Global Competitiveness Report for 2016–2017.", "Economy of Portugal __knowledge__ The great majority of the international trade is done within the European Union (EU), whose countries received 72.8% of the Portuguese exports and were the origin of 76.5% of the Portuguese imports in 2015.", "Economy of Portugal __knowledge__ Other regional groups that are significant trade partners of Portugal are the NAFTA (6.3% of the exports and 2% of the imports), the PALOP (5.7% of the exports and 2.5% of the imports), the Maghreb (3.7% of the exports and 1.3% of the imports) and the Mercosul (1.4% of the exports and 2.5% of the imports).", "Economy of Portugal __knowledge__ The Portuguese currency is the euro (€) and the country has been a part of the Eurozone since its inception.", "R (Factortame Ltd) v Secretary of State for Transport __knowledge__ R (Factortame Ltd) v Secretary of State for Transport was a judicial review case taken against the United Kingdom government by a company of Spanish fishermen who claimed that the United Kingdom had breached European Union law by requiring ships to have a majority of British owners if they were to be registered in the UK.", "R (Factortame Ltd) v Secretary of State for Transport __knowledge__ The case produced a number of significant judgments on British constitutional law, and was the first time that courts held that they had power to restrain the application of an Act of Parliament pending trial and ultimately to disapply that Act when it was found to be contrary to EU law.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ The Blockade of Germany (1939–1945), also known as the Economic War, was carried out during World War II by the United Kingdom and France in order to restrict the supplies of minerals, metals, food and textiles needed by Nazi Germany - and later Fascist Italy - in order to sustain their war efforts.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ The economic war consisted mainly of a naval blockade which formed part of the wider Battle of the Atlantic, and included the preclusive buying of war materials from neutral countries to prevent their sale to the enemy.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ There were four distinct phases of the blockade.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ The first period was from the beginning of European hostilities in September 1939 to the end of the \"Phoney War,\" during which the Allies and Axis Powers both intercepted neutral merchant ships to seize deliveries en route to the enemy.", "Job interview __knowledge__ A job interview is a one-on-one interview consisting of a conversation between a job applicant and a representative of an employer which is conducted to assess whether the applicant should be hired.", "Job interview __knowledge__ Interviews are one of the most popularly used devices for employee selection.", "Job interview __knowledge__ Interviews vary in the extent to which the questions are structured, from a totally unstructured and free-wheeling conversation, to a structured interview in which an applicant is asked a predetermined list of questions in a specified order; structured interviews are usually more accurate predictors of which applicants will make good employees, according to research studies.", "The Blitz __knowledge__ The Blitz was a German bombing offensive against Britain in 1940 and 1941, during the Second World War.", "The Blitz __knowledge__ The term was first used by the British press and is the German word for 'lightning'.", "The Blitz __knowledge__ The Germans conducted mass air attacks against industrial targets, towns and cities, beginning with raids on London towards the end of the Battle of Britain in 1940, a battle for daylight air superiority between the \"Luftwaffe\" and the Royal Air Force over the United Kingdom.", "The Blitz __knowledge__ By September 1940, the \"Luftwaffe\" had failed and the German air fleets (\"Luftflotten\") were ordered to attack London, to draw RAF Fighter Command into a battle of annihilation.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 2000 and December 2009.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Alex Perez first appeared on November 29, 2000, later becoming the fiancée of Malcolm Winters and lover of his brother, Neil.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ The role, portrayed by Alexia Robinson, was created to fill the void left by Victoria Rowell.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Prior to her debut, the character was only known as \"Erin\".", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ In 2002, it was announced that Robinson was to exit \"The Young and the Restless\" after the expiration of her contract, and departed onscreen on May 9, 2002.", "Nik Wallenda __knowledge__ Nikolas \"Nik\" Wallenda (born January 24, 1979) is an American acrobat, aerialist, daredevil, high wire artist, and author.", "Nik Wallenda __knowledge__ He is known for his high-wire performances without a safety net.", "Nik Wallenda __knowledge__ He holds nine Guinness World Records for various acrobatic feats, but is best known as the first person to walk a tightrope stretched directly over Niagara Falls.", "Nik Wallenda __knowledge__ A seventh-generation member of The Flying Wallendas family, Nik Wallenda participated in various circus acts as a child.", "Nik Wallenda __knowledge__ At age 13, he made his professional tightrope walking debut.", "Nik Wallenda __knowledge__ He chose high-wire walking as his career in 1998, after joining family members in a seven-person pyramid on the wire.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 5, 1 ]

[ "Well fishing vessels are usually just small boats designed for sea or river use to catch fish or other crustaceans ", "Depends, many are for simple recreational use while some larger and more complex ones are for commercial use for catching and selling fish", "most are over 100 tons so im not surprised its large, hiring people that know what they are doing is definitely best, without experience you could get hurt.", "fishing vessels dont have much regulation outside of employee safety and treatment and not fishing for certain animals on the open sea." ]

[ "Fishing vessel", "Fishing vessel", "Fishing vessel", "Fishing vessel" ]

[ "U2\nI love listening to U2 ,they are a good music band", "When did they debut?", "Uhmmn indeed! So what's their genre of music?", "That's good! Have they won any musical award?", "So they ever won any Grammy then.what's their highest album sales?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "U2 __knowledge__ U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin formed in 1976.", "U2 __knowledge__ The group consists of Bono (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), the Edge (lead guitar, keyboards, and backing vocals), Adam Clayton (bass guitar), and Larry Mullen Jr. (drums and percussion).", "U2 __knowledge__ Initially rooted in post-punk, U2's musical style evolved throughout their career, yet has maintained an anthemic sound built on Bono's expressive vocals and the Edge's effects-based guitar textures.", "U2 __knowledge__ Their lyrics, often embellished with spiritual imagery, focus on personal and sociopolitical themes.", "U2 __knowledge__ Popular for their live performances, the group have staged several ambitious and elaborate tours over their career.", "U2 __knowledge__ The band formed at Mount Temple Comprehensive School in 1976 when the members were teenagers with limited musical proficiency.", "U2 __knowledge__ Within four years, they signed with Island Records and released their debut album, \"Boy\" (1980).", "U2 __knowledge__ Subsequent work such as their first UK number-one album, \"War\" (1983), and the singles \"Sunday Bloody Sunday\" and \"Pride (In the Name of Love)\" helped establish U2's reputation as a politically and socially conscious group.", "U2 __knowledge__ By the mid-1980s, they had become renowned globally for their live act, highlighted by their performance at Live Aid in 1985.", "Graduation (album) __knowledge__ Graduation is the third studio album by American rapper Kanye West.", "Graduation (album) __knowledge__ It was released on September 11, 2007, through Roc-A-Fella Records.", "Graduation (album) __knowledge__ Recording sessions for the album took place during 2005 to 2007 at Chung King Studios, Sony Music Studios in New York City, at Chalice Studios and The Record Plant in Los Angeles.", "Graduation (album) __knowledge__ It was primarily produced by West himself, with contributions from DJ Toomp, as well as Mike Dean, Nottz, Brian \"All Day\" Miller, Eric Hudson, Warryn Campbell, Gee Roberson, Plain Pat and Jon Brion.", "Graduation (album) __knowledge__ It features guest contributions from artists, including Mos Def, Dwele, T-Pain, Lil Wayne, DJ Premier and Chris Martin of Coldplay.", "Achtung Baby __knowledge__ Achtung Baby () is the seventh studio album by Irish rock band U2.", "Achtung Baby __knowledge__ It was produced by Daniel Lanois and Brian Eno, and was released on 18 November 1991 on Island Records.", "Achtung Baby __knowledge__ Stung by criticism of their 1988 release, \"Rattle and Hum\", U2 shifted their musical direction to incorporate influences from alternative rock, industrial music, and electronic dance music into their sound.", "Achtung Baby __knowledge__ Thematically, \"Achtung Baby\" is darker, more introspective, and at times more flippant than their previous work.", "Achtung Baby __knowledge__ The album and the subsequent multimedia-intensive Zoo TV Tour were central to the group's 1990s reinvention, by which they abandoned their earnest public image for a more lighthearted and self-deprecating one.", "No Line on the Horizon __knowledge__ No Line on the Horizon is the 12th studio album by Irish rock band U2.", "No Line on the Horizon __knowledge__ It was produced by Brian Eno, Daniel Lanois, and Steve Lillywhite, and was released on 27 February 2009.", "No Line on the Horizon __knowledge__ It was the band's first record since \"How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb\" (2004), marking the longest gap between studio albums of their career to that point.", "No Line on the Horizon __knowledge__ The band originally intended to release the songs as two EPs, but later combined the material into a single record.", "No Line on the Horizon __knowledge__ Photographer Anton Corbijn shot a companion film, \"Linear\", which was released alongside the album and included with several special editions.", "No Line on the Horizon __knowledge__ U2 began work on the album in 2006 with record producer Rick Rubin but shelved most of the material from those sessions.", "Kanye West __knowledge__ Kanye Omari West (; born June 8, 1977) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, fashion designer, and entrepreneur.", "Kanye West __knowledge__ Born in Atlanta and raised in Chicago, West briefly attended art school before becoming known as a producer for Roc-A-Fella Records in the early 2000s, producing hit singles for artists such as Jay-Z and Alicia Keys.", "Kanye West __knowledge__ Intent on pursuing a solo career as a rapper, West released his debut album \"The College Dropout\" in 2004 to widespread critical and commercial success, and founded the record label GOOD Music.", "Kanye West __knowledge__ He went on to pursue a variety of styles on subsequent albums \"Late Registration\" (2005), \"Graduation\" (2007), and \"808s & Heartbreak\" (2008).", "Zoo TV Tour __knowledge__ The Zoo TV Tour (also written as ZooTV, ZOO TV or ZOOTV) was a worldwide concert tour by rock band U2.", "Zoo TV Tour __knowledge__ Staged in support of their 1991 album \"Achtung Baby\", the tour visited arenas and stadiums from 1992 to 1993.", "Zoo TV Tour __knowledge__ To mirror the new musical direction that the group took with \"Achtung Baby\", the tour was intended to deviate from their past and confound expectations of the band.", "Zoo TV Tour __knowledge__ In contrast to U2's austere stage setups from previous tours, the Zoo TV Tour was an elaborately staged multimedia event.", "Zoo TV Tour __knowledge__ It satirised television and media oversaturation by attempting to instill \"sensory overload\" in its audience.", "The Joshua Tree __knowledge__ The Joshua Tree is the fifth studio album by Irish rock band U2.", "The Joshua Tree __knowledge__ It was produced by Daniel Lanois and Brian Eno, and was released on 9 March 1987 on Island Records.", "The Joshua Tree __knowledge__ In contrast to the ambient experimentation of their 1984 release, \"The Unforgettable Fire\", the band aimed for a harder-hitting sound within the limitation of conventional song structures on \"The Joshua Tree\".", "The Joshua Tree __knowledge__ The album is influenced by American and Irish roots music, and through sociopolitically conscious lyrics embellished with spiritual imagery, it contrasts the group's antipathy for the \"real America\" with their fascination with the \"mythical America\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "U2 __knowledge__ U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin formed in 1976.", "U2 __knowledge__ The group consists of Bono (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), the Edge (lead guitar, keyboards, and backing vocals), Adam Clayton (bass guitar), and Larry Mullen Jr. (drums and percussion).", "U2 __knowledge__ Initially rooted in post-punk, U2's musical style evolved throughout their career, yet has maintained an anthemic sound built on Bono's expressive vocals and the Edge's effects-based guitar textures.", "U2 __knowledge__ Their lyrics, often embellished with spiritual imagery, focus on personal and sociopolitical themes.", "U2 __knowledge__ Popular for their live performances, the group have staged several ambitious and elaborate tours over their career.", "U2 __knowledge__ The band formed at Mount Temple Comprehensive School in 1976 when the members were teenagers with limited musical proficiency.", "U2 __knowledge__ Within four years, they signed with Island Records and released their debut album, \"Boy\" (1980).", "U2 __knowledge__ Subsequent work such as their first UK number-one album, \"War\" (1983), and the singles \"Sunday Bloody Sunday\" and \"Pride (In the Name of Love)\" helped establish U2's reputation as a politically and socially conscious group.", "U2 __knowledge__ By the mid-1980s, they had become renowned globally for their live act, highlighted by their performance at Live Aid in 1985.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Serbian rock is the rock music scene of Serbia.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ During the 1960s, 1970s and the 1980s, while Serbia was a constituent republic of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Serbian rock scene was a part of the SFR Yugoslav rock scene.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was not an Eastern Bloc country, but a member of the Non-Aligned Movement and as such, it was far more opened to the Western culture comparing to the other socialist countries.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Rock and roll reached Yugoslavia via foreign radio stations, most notably Radio Luxemburg, and rock and roll records, brought in from the West.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Rock and roll influences reached schlager singers, most notably Đorđe Marjanović, who released the first popular music solo album in Serbia, in 1959.", "Debut (Björk album) __knowledge__ Debut is the first international solo studio album by Icelandic recording artist Björk.", "Debut (Björk album) __knowledge__ The album was released in July 1993 by One Little Indian and Elektra Records, and was produced by Björk in collaboration with artist Nellee Hooper.", "Debut (Björk album) __knowledge__ It was her first recording following the dissolution of her previous band, the Sugarcubes.", "Debut (Björk album) __knowledge__ The album departed from the rock style of her previous work and instead drew on an eclectic variety of styles including electronic pop, house music, jazz and trip hop.", "Debut (Björk album) __knowledge__ \"Debut\" received critical acclaim from British music critics, though United States reviews were more mixed.", "List of cricketers who have taken five-wicket hauls on Test debut __knowledge__ In cricket, a five-wicket haul (also known as a \"five–for\" or \"fifer\") refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings.", "List of cricketers who have taken five-wicket hauls on Test debut __knowledge__ This is regarded as a notable achievement.", "List of cricketers who have taken five-wicket hauls on Test debut __knowledge__ As of 2018, 149 cricketers have taken a five-wicket haul on debut in a Test match.", "List of cricketers who have taken five-wicket hauls on Test debut __knowledge__ Players from all the teams that have permanent Test status have picked up five-wicket hauls on their debut.", "List of cricketers who have taken five-wicket hauls on Test debut __knowledge__ This comprises forty-seven of them being taken by England cricketers, thirty-three by Australia, twenty-three by South Africa, ten by Pakistan, nine by West Indies, eight by India, seven by New Zealand, seven by Bangladesh and two by both Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe.", "Debut Prize __knowledge__ The Debut Prize, is an award established by the International Pokolenie (Generation) Foundation, given to young authors of literary works in the Russian language, regardless of their place of residence.", "Debut Prize __knowledge__ The award is presented annually in five to seven categories, reflecting the major fiction genres.", "Debut Prize __knowledge__ Many past Debut Prize winners and finalists have gone on to become internationally-known writers.", "Debut Prize __knowledge__ In 2012, the Debut Prize winners toured the eastern USA and participated in the Festival of Russian Arts in New York.", "Debut Prize __knowledge__ The Debut Prize was first awarded in 2000, with financial support from philanthropist Andrei Skotch.", "Chronology of adult videos in Japan __knowledge__ In Japan, (AV) are a genre of pornographic movies distinguishable from pink films on the one hand, and 'V-cinema' or original video (OV) on the other.", "Chronology of adult videos in Japan __knowledge__ Adult videos are focused on sex, and may not in some cases have a storyline.", "Chronology of adult videos in Japan __knowledge__ They are released initially on video, and pass inspection by an adult video ethics committee such as (NEVA), which enforces the placement of video-masking mosaics over pubic hair or genitalia.", "Chronology of adult videos in Japan __knowledge__ Pink films may be concerned with sex, but tend to focus more on story, and they are rated by , rather than an adult video ethics organization.", "Chronology of adult videos in Japan __knowledge__ The mainstream studio Nikkatsu focused on pink films through its Roman Porno line from 1971 through 1988.", "2000 in British music charts __knowledge__ This is a summary of 2000 in music in the United Kingdom, including the official charts from that year.", "2000 in British music charts __knowledge__ 2000 saw many British acts dominate the charts.", "2000 in British music charts __knowledge__ The year saw how competitive the industry had become over the 1990s with numerous new releases out each week.", "2000 in British music charts __knowledge__ 2000 holds the record for the most number-one singles in one particular calendar year, with 43 singles holding the number-one spot, if you include the Westlife number-one single spanning over from Christmas in 1999.", "2000 in British music charts __knowledge__ The year was particularly successful for Britney Spears, Moby, Eminem, Travis and The Beatles.", "2000 in British music charts __knowledge__ The Christmas number one single from 1999, a double A-side by Westlife (\"I Have a Dream\"/\"Seasons in the Sun\"), was able to retain its position at the top for the first three weeks of the year, totalling its run to four weeks at the top.", "Idol (Swedish TV series) __knowledge__ Idol is a Swedish reality-competition talent show which was broadcast on TV4.", "Idol (Swedish TV series) __knowledge__ It first appeared in August 2004, and became one of the most popular shows on Swedish television.", "Idol (Swedish TV series) __knowledge__ Part of the \"Idols\" franchise, it originated from the reality program \"Pop Idol\" created by British entertainment executive Simon Fuller, which was first aired in 2001 in the United Kingdom.", "Idol (Swedish TV series) __knowledge__ The program seeks to discover the best singer in Sweden through a series of nationwide auditions.", "Idol (Swedish TV series) __knowledge__ The outcomes of the later stages of the competition are determined by public phone voting.", "Idol (Swedish TV series) __knowledge__ The format features three judges who give critiques of the contestants' performances.", "Bono __knowledge__ Paul David Hewson, OL (born 10 May 1960), known by his stage name Bono (), is an Irish singer-songwriter, musician, venture capitalist, businessman, and philanthropist.", "Bono __knowledge__ He is best known as the lead vocalist and primary lyricist of rock band U2.", "Bono __knowledge__ Bono was born and raised in Dublin, Ireland.", "Bono __knowledge__ He attended Mount Temple Comprehensive School where he met his future wife, Alison Stewart, as well as schoolmates with whom he founded U2 in 1976.", "Bono __knowledge__ Bono soon established himself as a passionate frontman for the band through his expressive vocal style and grandiose gestures and songwriting.", "Bono __knowledge__ His lyrics are known for their social and political themes, and for their religious imagery inspired by his Christian beliefs.", "Mothers of the Disappeared __knowledge__ \"Mothers of the Disappeared\" is a song by Irish rock band U2.", "Mothers of the Disappeared __knowledge__ It is the eleventh and final track on their 1987 album \"The Joshua Tree\".", "Mothers of the Disappeared __knowledge__ The song was inspired by lead singer Bono's experiences in Nicaragua and El Salvador in July 1986, following U2's participation in the Conspiracy of Hope tour of benefit concerts for Amnesty International.", "Mothers of the Disappeared __knowledge__ He learned of the Madres de Plaza de Mayo, a group of women whose children had \"forcibly disappeared\" at the hands of the Argentine and Chilean dictatorships.", "Mothers of the Disappeared __knowledge__ While in Central America, he met members of COMADRES, a similar organization whose children had been abducted by the government in El Salvador.", "The Fly (song) __knowledge__ \"The Fly\" is a song by Irish rock band U2.", "The Fly (song) __knowledge__ It is the seventh track from their 1991 album, \"Achtung Baby\", and it was released as the album's first single on 21 October 1991.", "The Fly (song) __knowledge__ \"The Fly\" introduced a more abrasive sounding U2, as the song featured danceable hip-hop beats, industrial textures, distorted vocals, and an elaborate guitar solo.", "The Fly (song) __knowledge__ Lead vocalist Bono described the song as \"the sound of four men chopping down \"The Joshua Tree\",\" due to its departure from the traditional sound that had characterised the band in the 1980s.", "The Fly (song) __knowledge__ Bono described the song's subject as that of a phone call from someone in Hell who enjoys being there and telling the person on the other end of the line what he has learned.", "The Joshua Tree __knowledge__ The Joshua Tree is the fifth studio album by Irish rock band U2.", "The Joshua Tree __knowledge__ It was produced by Daniel Lanois and Brian Eno, and was released on 9 March 1987 on Island Records.", "The Joshua Tree __knowledge__ In contrast to the ambient experimentation of their 1984 release, \"The Unforgettable Fire\", the band aimed for a harder-hitting sound within the limitation of conventional song structures on \"The Joshua Tree\".", "The Joshua Tree __knowledge__ The album is influenced by American and Irish roots music, and through sociopolitically conscious lyrics embellished with spiritual imagery, it contrasts the group's antipathy for the \"real America\" with their fascination with the \"mythical America\".", "So Cruel __knowledge__ \"So Cruel\" is a song by rock band U2.", "So Cruel __knowledge__ It is the sixth track on their 1991 album \"Achtung Baby\", concluding side one of the album.", "So Cruel __knowledge__ The song was written at Elsinore in Dalkey.", "So Cruel __knowledge__ While audio engineer Flood changed reels to listen to a demo of another song, lead singer Bono began to improvise a song on guitar.", "So Cruel __knowledge__ The rest of the band quickly joined in, creating the first take of the song.", "So Cruel __knowledge__ It was developed as an acoustic track, with Flood adding overdubs and additional elements later.", "So Cruel __knowledge__ Bassist Adam Clayton and Flood noted that the technology in the studio was crucial in transforming the acoustic song into the final mix.", "The Joshua Tree Tour 2017 __knowledge__ The Joshua Tree Tour 2017 was a worldwide concert tour by rock band U2 to commemorate the 30th anniversary of their 1987 album, \"The Joshua Tree\".", "The Joshua Tree Tour 2017 __knowledge__ The tour visited stadiums in 2017 across four legs: North America from May to July and in September, Europe from July to August, and Latin America in October.", "The Joshua Tree Tour 2017 __knowledge__ It began on 12 May 2017 in Vancouver, Canada, and ended five months later on 25 October 2017 in São Paulo, Brazil.", "The Joshua Tree Tour 2017 __knowledge__ The band played \"The Joshua Tree\" in its entirety on each date of the tour, marking the first live performances of the song \"Red Hill Mining Town\".", "The Joshua Tree Tour 2017 __knowledge__ It was the first time the group toured in promotion of an album from their back catalogue, rather than a new release." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "U2 __knowledge__ U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin formed in 1976.", "U2 __knowledge__ The group consists of Bono (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), the Edge (lead guitar, keyboards, and backing vocals), Adam Clayton (bass guitar), and Larry Mullen Jr. (drums and percussion).", "U2 __knowledge__ Initially rooted in post-punk, U2's musical style evolved throughout their career, yet has maintained an anthemic sound built on Bono's expressive vocals and the Edge's effects-based guitar textures.", "U2 __knowledge__ Their lyrics, often embellished with spiritual imagery, focus on personal and sociopolitical themes.", "U2 __knowledge__ Popular for their live performances, the group have staged several ambitious and elaborate tours over their career.", "U2 __knowledge__ The band formed at Mount Temple Comprehensive School in 1976 when the members were teenagers with limited musical proficiency.", "U2 __knowledge__ Within four years, they signed with Island Records and released their debut album, \"Boy\" (1980).", "U2 __knowledge__ Subsequent work such as their first UK number-one album, \"War\" (1983), and the singles \"Sunday Bloody Sunday\" and \"Pride (In the Name of Love)\" helped establish U2's reputation as a politically and socially conscious group.", "U2 __knowledge__ By the mid-1980s, they had become renowned globally for their live act, highlighted by their performance at Live Aid in 1985.", "Gamelan outside Indonesia __knowledge__ Gamelan, although Indonesian in origin, is found outside of that country.", "Gamelan outside Indonesia __knowledge__ There are forms of gamelan that have developed outside Indonesia, such as American gamelan and Malay Gamelan in Malaysia.", "Gamelan outside Indonesia __knowledge__ Most of the gamelans in Australia are associated with universities or schools.", "Gamelan outside Indonesia __knowledge__ One of the most famous is the gamelan Digul, made in the Digul prison camp in 1927 and brought to Australia during World War II.", "Gamelan outside Indonesia __knowledge__ In cities such as Melbourne, local gamelan groups take the opportunity to play in public to encourage interest both in gamelan music and in Indonesian culture.", "Gamelan outside Indonesia __knowledge__ In New Zealand there are two gamelan sets in Wellington, one Javanese and the other Balinese.", "Mycerinopsis papuana __knowledge__ Mycerinopsis papuana is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.", "Mycerinopsis papuana __knowledge__ It was described by Breuning in 1958.", "Wolska Dąbrowa __knowledge__ Wolska Dąbrowa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jastrzębia, within Radom County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.", "Wolska Dąbrowa __knowledge__ It lies approximately north of Radom and south of Warsaw.", "Wolska Dąbrowa __knowledge__ ", "Covered interest arbitrage __knowledge__ Covered interest arbitrage is an arbitrage trading strategy whereby an investor capitalizes on the interest rate differential between two countries by using a forward contract to \"cover\" (eliminate exposure to) exchange rate risk.", "Covered interest arbitrage __knowledge__ Using forward contracts enables arbitrageurs such as individual investors or banks to make use of the forward premium (or discount) to earn a riskless profit from discrepancies between two countries' interest rates.", "Covered interest arbitrage __knowledge__ The opportunity to earn riskless profits arises from the reality that the interest rate parity condition does not constantly hold.", "Covered interest arbitrage __knowledge__ When spot and forward exchange rate markets are not in a state of equilibrium, investors will no longer be indifferent among the available interest rates in two countries and will invest in whichever currency offers a higher rate of return.", "Genre studies __knowledge__ Genre studies is an academic subject which studies genre theory as a branch of general critical theory in several different fields, including the literary or artistic, linguistic, or rhetorical.", "Genre studies __knowledge__ Literary genre studies is a structuralist approach to the study of genre and genre theory in literary theory, film theory, and other cultural theories.", "Genre studies __knowledge__ The study of a genre in this way examines the structural elements that combine in the telling of a story and finds patterns in collections of stories.", "Genre studies __knowledge__ When these elements (or semiotic codes) begin to carry inherent information, a genre emerges.", "Genre studies __knowledge__ Linguistic genre studies is best described by two schools of literary genre, the Systemic Functional Linguistics or \"SFL\", scholars of this school believe that language structure is an integral part of a text's social context and function.", "Ruby Red Trilogy __knowledge__ The Ruby Red Trilogy is a series of three fantasy novels by German writer Kerstin Gier.", "Ruby Red Trilogy __knowledge__ The three books are: Ruby Red, Sapphire Blue and Emerald Green.", "Ruby Red Trilogy __knowledge__ The books have been translated into over twenty-seven languages and sold internationally.", "Ruby Red Trilogy __knowledge__ The series follows the story of Gwyneth Shepherd, a time-traveling girl living in contemporary London.", "Ruby Red Trilogy __knowledge__ Nobody knows that Gwyneth has the time traveling gene, except for her and her friend Lesley.", "Ruby Red Trilogy __knowledge__ Gwyneth Shepherd, a 16-year-old student, feels dizzy for the first time during lunch at her school in London.", "Ruby Red Trilogy __knowledge__ Not long after, she unintentionally jumps through time while leaving the house.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Hip hop music, also called hip-hop or rap music, is a music genre developed in the United States by inner-city African Americans in the 1970s which consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records (or synthesized beats and sounds), and rhythmic beatboxing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ While often used to refer solely to rapping, \"hip hop\" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Serbian rock is the rock music scene of Serbia.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ During the 1960s, 1970s and the 1980s, while Serbia was a constituent republic of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Serbian rock scene was a part of the SFR Yugoslav rock scene.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was not an Eastern Bloc country, but a member of the Non-Aligned Movement and as such, it was far more opened to the Western culture comparing to the other socialist countries.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Rock and roll reached Yugoslavia via foreign radio stations, most notably Radio Luxemburg, and rock and roll records, brought in from the West.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Rock and roll influences reached schlager singers, most notably Đorđe Marjanović, who released the first popular music solo album in Serbia, in 1959.", "Rock music in Ireland __knowledge__ Rock music has been a part of the music of Ireland since the 1960s, when the British Invasion brought British blues, psychedelic rock and other styles to the island.", "Rock music in Ireland __knowledge__ The Irish music scene in the 1960s and much of the 1970s was dominated by the unique Irish phenomenon of the 'Showbands' which were groups of professional performers who played at dancehalls and clubs across the country putting on a professional 'show' and playing all the American and British hits of the era.", "Rock music in Ireland __knowledge__ From the mid-1970s onwards Rock music in Ireland has been very similar to Rock music in Britain.", "Rock music in Ireland __knowledge__ In the 1960s being part of a 'Showband' was pretty much the only way a professional musician in Ireland could make a living.", "Celtic rock __knowledge__ Celtic rock is a genre of folk rock, as well as a form of Celtic fusion which incorporates Celtic music, instrumentation and themes into a rock music context.", "Celtic rock __knowledge__ It has been extremely prolific since the early 1970s and can be seen as a key foundation of the development of highly successful mainstream Celtic bands and popular musical performers, as well as creating important derivatives through further fusions.", "Celtic rock __knowledge__ It has played a major role in the maintenance and definition of regional and national identities and in fostering a pan-Celtic culture.", "Celtic rock __knowledge__ It has also helped to communicate those cultures to external audiences.", "Young Dubliners __knowledge__ The Young Dubliners (sometimes shortened to the Young Dubs) is an American rock band formed in Los Angeles, California in 1988.", "Young Dubliners __knowledge__ Their style of music has come to be called Celtic Rock for the fusion of Irish traditional instruments and music with modern rock.", "Young Dubliners __knowledge__ They have released ten albums, starting with \"Rocky Road\" in 1993 and most recently \"9\" in 2013.", "Young Dubliners __knowledge__ They have toured the United States and Europe since 1994, supporting Jethro Tull, John Hiatt, Chris Isaak, Jonny Lang, Great Big Sea and Collective Soul.", "Young Dubliners __knowledge__ AllMusic.com states, \"Their live shows (have) a jam-like appeal, similar to the vibes of Phish and the Dave Matthews Band.\"", "Van Morrison __knowledge__ Sir George Ivan \"Van\" Morrison, OBE (born 31 August 1945) is a Northern Irish singer-songwriter, instrumentalist and producer.", "Van Morrison __knowledge__ In 2016, he was knighted for his musical achievements and his services to tourism and charitable causes in Northern Ireland.", "Van Morrison __knowledge__ Known as \"Van the Man\", Morrison started his professional career when, as a teenager in the late 1950s, he played a variety of instruments including guitar, harmonica, keyboards and saxophone for various Irish showbands, covering the popular hits of that time.", "Van Morrison __knowledge__ He rose to prominence in the mid-1960s as the lead singer of the Northern Irish R&B band Them, with whom he recorded the garage band classic \"Gloria\".", "Irish traditional music __knowledge__ Irish traditional music (also known as Irish trad, Irish folk music, and other variants) is a genre of folk music that developed in Ireland.", "Irish traditional music __knowledge__ In \"A History of Irish Music\" (1905), W. H. Grattan Flood wrote that, in Gaelic Ireland, there were at least ten instruments in general use.", "Irish traditional music __knowledge__ These were the \"cruit\" (a small harp) and \"clairseach\" (a bigger harp with typically 30 strings), the \"timpan\" (a small string instrument played with a bow or plectrum), the \"feadan\" (a fife), the \"buinne\" (an oboe or flute), the \"guthbuinne\" (a bassoon-type horn), the \"bennbuabhal\" and \"corn\" (hornpipes), the \"cuislenna\" (bagpipes – see Great Irish Warpipes), the \"stoc\" and \"sturgan\" (clarions or trumpets), and the \"cnamha\" (castanets)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "U2 __knowledge__ U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin formed in 1976.", "U2 __knowledge__ The group consists of Bono (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), the Edge (lead guitar, keyboards, and backing vocals), Adam Clayton (bass guitar), and Larry Mullen Jr. (drums and percussion).", "U2 __knowledge__ Initially rooted in post-punk, U2's musical style evolved throughout their career, yet has maintained an anthemic sound built on Bono's expressive vocals and the Edge's effects-based guitar textures.", "U2 __knowledge__ Their lyrics, often embellished with spiritual imagery, focus on personal and sociopolitical themes.", "U2 __knowledge__ Popular for their live performances, the group have staged several ambitious and elaborate tours over their career.", "U2 __knowledge__ The band formed at Mount Temple Comprehensive School in 1976 when the members were teenagers with limited musical proficiency.", "U2 __knowledge__ Within four years, they signed with Island Records and released their debut album, \"Boy\" (1980).", "U2 __knowledge__ Subsequent work such as their first UK number-one album, \"War\" (1983), and the singles \"Sunday Bloody Sunday\" and \"Pride (In the Name of Love)\" helped establish U2's reputation as a politically and socially conscious group.", "U2 __knowledge__ By the mid-1980s, they had become renowned globally for their live act, highlighted by their performance at Live Aid in 1985.", "Jamai Loman __knowledge__ Jamai Johannes Loman (born June 30, 1986) is a Dutch singer who was the winner of the first series of \"Idols\", the Dutch variant of \"Pop Idol\".", "Jamai Loman __knowledge__ Loman (at that time living with his parents and two elder sisters), grew up in Schoonhoven, where he started his \"career\" in a school musical.", "Jamai Loman __knowledge__ He also performed at the school's \"Shownight\" in 2000, and played in the school jazzband called 8CC.", "Jamai Loman __knowledge__ In 2003 he entered the Dutch Idols competition.", "Jamai Loman __knowledge__ To his surprise, he survived round after round and was voted the winner.", "Jamai Loman __knowledge__ At the 2003 World Idol however, he only received 36 points and came in last, with a slashing Jury report.", "Jelka van Houten __knowledge__ Jelline Floriska van Houten (; born 1 September 1978) is a Dutch actress.", "Jelka van Houten __knowledge__ She has acted in Dutch films, musicals, and television series.", "Jelka van Houten __knowledge__ She also played Sabine in the British TV series \"Fresh Meat\".", "Jelka van Houten __knowledge__ She won the John Kraaijkamp Musical Award twice, in 2006 for her role in the musical \"Turks fruit\" and in 2010 for her role in the musical \"Dromen... zijn bedrog\".", "Jelka van Houten __knowledge__ Jelline Floriska van Houten was born on 1 September 1978 in Culemborg in the Netherlands, the daughter of Margje Stasse and the writer and broadcaster Theodore van Houten.", "Jelka van Houten __knowledge__ She is the younger sister of actress Carice van Houten.", "Jelka van Houten __knowledge__ She later studied production design at the Netherlands Film and Television Academy in Amsterdam.", "Stage West Pechet Family Musical Award __knowledge__ The Stage West Pechet Family Musical Award is conferred annually for a new musical work by a Playwrights Guild of Canada member.", "Stage West Pechet Family Musical Award __knowledge__ The award celebrates and recognizes the excellence of Canadian playwrights.", "Stage West Pechet Family Musical Award __knowledge__ To qualify, the musical work must not have had a premiere production.", "Stage West Pechet Family Musical Award __knowledge__ The award is sponsored by the Playwrights Guild of Canada and Stage West Restaurants.", "Stage West Pechet Family Musical Award __knowledge__ The award is worth $5000.", "Stage West Pechet Family Musical Award __knowledge__ The Chair of the Musical Award works with three jurors from across Canada.", "Stage West Pechet Family Musical Award __knowledge__ The identities of the jurors are confidential until the judging process is complete.", "Stage West Pechet Family Musical Award __knowledge__ Decisions of the jury are final.", "Stage West Pechet Family Musical Award __knowledge__ Jury feedback is not released to candidates.", "Ock Joo-hyun __knowledge__ Ock Joo-hyun (; sometimes spelled Ock Ju-hyun; born March 20, 1980) is a South Korean singer and musical theatre actress, known mostly for her role as the lead singer of the South Korean girl group Fin.K.L.", "Ock Joo-hyun __knowledge__ After their unofficial breakup in 2002, Ock released three solo albums and has participated in musicals, namely \"Aida\", \"Chicago\", \"Cats\", \"42nd Street\", and \"The Count of Monte Cristo\".", "Ock Joo-hyun __knowledge__ Fin.K.L debuted in 1998 with DSP Entertainment and quickly became popular, catapulting all its members into stardom.", "Ock Joo-hyun __knowledge__ Ock served as the lead singer for Fin.K.L until it became inactive as a group in 2002; she has since taken part in Fin.K.L's digital single \"Fine Killing Liberty\" in fall of 2005, including filming the music video.", "Chantal Janzen __knowledge__ Chantal Janzen (born 15 February 1979 in Tegelen) is a Dutch actress, musical star and presenter.", "Chantal Janzen __knowledge__ She had parts in \"The Preacher\", \"Full Moon Party\" and \"\" and presented \"Idols\".", "Chantal Janzen __knowledge__ She also played Belle in the Dutch Musical version of Beauty and the Beast and Jane in the Dutch Musical version of Tarzan.", "Chantal Janzen __knowledge__ She also sang a song against cancer, called \"Vecht Mee\" (\"English: Fight With Us\") with Dutch rapper Yes-R. From late 2011, she stars as Glinda in the Dutch premiere production of \"Wicked\".", "Chantal Janzen __knowledge__ Janzen was born in Tegelen.", "Chantal Janzen __knowledge__ She studied at the Amsterdamse Hogeschool voor de Kunsten.", "Chantal Janzen __knowledge__ She was taught in classical-, modern-, jazz- and tapdance, acting, singing and musical repertoire.", "Charles Lenepveu __knowledge__ Charles-Ferdinand Lenepveu (4 October 1840 – 16 August 1910), was a French composer and teacher.", "Charles Lenepveu __knowledge__ Destined for a career as a lawyer, he defied his family and followed a musical career.", "Charles Lenepveu __knowledge__ He studied at the Paris Conservatoire, and won France's top musical award, the Prix de Rome in 1867.", "Charles Lenepveu __knowledge__ Much of Lenepveu's career was as a professor at the Conservatoire from 1880.", "Charles Lenepveu __knowledge__ He was known as a strict conservative, hostile to musical innovation, as was much of the French musical Establishment of the time.", "Charles Lenepveu __knowledge__ He was expected to succeed Théodore Dubois as director of the Conservatoire in 1905, but his chances evaporated when he was implicated in an attempt to rig the results of that year's Prix de Rome in favour of his own pupils.", "Teal Wicks __knowledge__ Teal Wicks (born September 8, 1982 in Sacramento, California) is an American singer and stage actress, best known for her performances as Elphaba in the Broadway, San Francisco, and Los Angeles productions of the musical \"Wicked\" and as Mary Barrie in the musical \"Finding Neverland\".", "Teal Wicks __knowledge__ She played the role of Emma Carew, Dr. Jekyll's fiancée, in the Broadway revival of \"Jekyll & Hyde\" at the Marquis Theatre.", "Teal Wicks __knowledge__ Wicks attended Natomas High School in Sacramento.", "Teal Wicks __knowledge__ She graduated UC Irvine in 2005 with a degree in Drama and Honors in Musical Theatre.", "Teal Wicks __knowledge__ She was active in the UCI Theatre program, and had lead roles in productions including \"Chicago\", \"Hair\", and \"Cabaret\".", "Heavy metal lyrics __knowledge__ Heavy metal lyrics are the words used in songs by heavy metal artists.", "Heavy metal lyrics __knowledge__ Given that there are many genres of heavy metal, it is difficult to make generalizations about the lyrics and lyrical themes.", "Heavy metal lyrics __knowledge__ In 1989, two metal scholars wrote that heavy metal lyrics concentrate \"on dark and depressing subject matter to an extent hitherto unprecedented\" in any form of popular music.", "Heavy metal lyrics __knowledge__ Jeffrey Arnett states that metal songs are \"overwhelmingly dominated\" by \"ugly and unhappy\" themes which express \"no hope\" for the future.", "Heavy metal lyrics __knowledge__ Deena Weinstein has proposed one way to analyze metal song themes is loosely grouping them into two categories: the Dionysian theme (a reference to the Roman God of wine), which celebrates \"sex, drugs and rock and roll\", partying, and enjoyment of life and the Chaotic theme, which involves dark subjects such as Hell, injustice, mayhem, carnage and death.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ A number of heavy metal genres have developed since the emergence of heavy metal (often shortened to \"metal\") during the late 1960s and early 1970s.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ At times heavy metal genres may overlap or are difficult to distinguish, but they can be identified by a number of traits.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ They may differ in terms of: instrumentation, tempo, song structure, vocal style, lyrics, guitar playing style, drumming style, and so on.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ Alternative metal is a style of heavy metal and alternative rock which emerged in the mid-1980s, and gained popularity in the early 1990s.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ Alternative metal usually combines heavy metal with influences from genres like alternative rock, and in some cases other genres not normally associated with metal as well.", "Bleckley County High School __knowledge__ Bleckley County High School is a high school in Cochran, Georgia, United States, 120 miles south of Atlanta.", "Bleckley County High School __knowledge__ The school reaches students in grades 9-12 from the town of Cochran and the rest of Bleckley County.", "Bleckley County High School __knowledge__ Bleckley County built a new high school that opened in the fall of 2005.", "Bleckley County High School __knowledge__ In its final year, the previous building was the oldest non-renovated high school in the state of Georgia, and now serves as the county's pre-kindergarten facility.", "Bleckley County High School __knowledge__ This original building is located on Dykes Street near downtown Cochran.", "Bleckley County High School __knowledge__ Bleckley County High School is located at 1 Royal Drive just off of the Cochran Bypass and Airport Road.", "Cochran, Georgia __knowledge__ Cochran is a city in Bleckley County, Georgia, United States.", "Cochran, Georgia __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 5,150.", "Cochran, Georgia __knowledge__ The city is the county seat of Bleckley County.", "Cochran, Georgia __knowledge__ Cochran is named for Judge Arthur E. Cochran and was incorporated on March 19, 1869.", "Cochran, Georgia __knowledge__ Judge Cochran was largely instrumental in developing this section of Georgia through his work as president of the Macon and Brunswick Railroad, now the Southern Railway.", "Cochran, Georgia __knowledge__ Once known as Dykesboro, Cochran was settled by B.", "Cochran, Georgia __knowledge__ B. Dykes, who owned the site on which the town is built.", "Cochran, Georgia __knowledge__ The earliest settlers located here to work in the turpentine industry.", "Bleckley County, Georgia __knowledge__ Bleckley County is a county located in the U.S. state of Georgia.", "Bleckley County, Georgia __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, the population was 13,063.", "Bleckley County, Georgia __knowledge__ The county seat is Cochran.", "Bleckley County, Georgia __knowledge__ The county was named for Logan Edwin Bleckley, a soldier and Justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia.", "Bleckley County, Georgia __knowledge__ The state constitutional amendment to create the county was proposed by the Georgia General Assembly on July 30, 1912, and ratified November 5, 1912.", "Bleckley County, Georgia __knowledge__ Bleckley County was formerly home to Middle Georgia College, the oldest two-year public college in the nation.", "Bleckley County, Georgia __knowledge__ In 2013 it merged with Macon State College to become Middle Georgia State University.", "Bleckley County, Georgia __knowledge__ Bleckley County High School made news on March 2010 for allowing a same-sex couple to attend its senior prom, after another same-sex couple in Mississippi were denied attendance at another senior prom.", "Christian metal __knowledge__ Christian metal, also known as white metal, Jesus metal or heavenly metal, is a form of heavy metal music usually defined by its message using song lyrics as well as the dedication of the band members to Christianity.", "Christian metal __knowledge__ Christian metal is typically performed by professed Christians principally for Christians who listen to heavy metal music and often produced and distributed through various Christian networks.", "Christian metal __knowledge__ Christian metal bands exist in most of the subgenres of heavy metal music, and the only common link among most Christian metal bands are the lyrics.", "Christian metal __knowledge__ The Christian themes are often melded with the subjects of the genre the band is rooted in, regularly providing a Christian take on the subject matter.", "Viking metal __knowledge__ Viking metal is a style of heavy metal music characterized by a lyrical and thematic focus on Norse mythology, Norse paganism, and the Viking Age.", "Viking metal __knowledge__ Viking metal is quite diverse as a musical style, to the point where some consider it more a cross-genre term than a genre, but it is typically seen as black metal with influences from Nordic folk music.", "Viking metal __knowledge__ Common traits include a slow-paced and heavy riffing style, anthemic choruses, use of both sung and harsh vocals, a reliance on folk instrumentation, and often the use of keyboards for atmospheric effect.", "Viking metal __knowledge__ Viking metal emerged from black metal during the late 1980s and early 1990s, sharing with black metal an opposition to Christianity, but rejecting Satanism and occult themes in favor of the Vikings and paganism." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "U2 __knowledge__ U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin formed in 1976.", "U2 __knowledge__ The group consists of Bono (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), the Edge (lead guitar, keyboards, and backing vocals), Adam Clayton (bass guitar), and Larry Mullen Jr. (drums and percussion).", "U2 __knowledge__ Initially rooted in post-punk, U2's musical style evolved throughout their career, yet has maintained an anthemic sound built on Bono's expressive vocals and the Edge's effects-based guitar textures.", "U2 __knowledge__ Their lyrics, often embellished with spiritual imagery, focus on personal and sociopolitical themes.", "U2 __knowledge__ Popular for their live performances, the group have staged several ambitious and elaborate tours over their career.", "U2 __knowledge__ The band formed at Mount Temple Comprehensive School in 1976 when the members were teenagers with limited musical proficiency.", "U2 __knowledge__ Within four years, they signed with Island Records and released their debut album, \"Boy\" (1980).", "U2 __knowledge__ Subsequent work such as their first UK number-one album, \"War\" (1983), and the singles \"Sunday Bloody Sunday\" and \"Pride (In the Name of Love)\" helped establish U2's reputation as a politically and socially conscious group.", "U2 __knowledge__ By the mid-1980s, they had become renowned globally for their live act, highlighted by their performance at Live Aid in 1985.", "25 (Adele album) __knowledge__ 25 is the third studio album by English singer Adele.", "25 (Adele album) __knowledge__ It was released on 20 November 2015, through XL Recordings nearly five years after the release and international success of her second studio album \"21\".", "25 (Adele album) __knowledge__ Titled as a reflection of her life and frame of mind at 25 years old, \"25\" is a \"make-up record\".", "25 (Adele album) __knowledge__ The album's lyrical content features themes of Adele \"yearning for her old self, her nostalgia\", and \"melancholia about the passage of time\" according to an interview with the singer by \"Rolling Stone\", as well as themes of motherhood and regret.", "25 (Adele album) __knowledge__ In contrast to Adele's previous works, the production of \"25\" incorporated the use of electronic elements and creative rhythmic patterns, with elements of 1980s R&B and organs.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Carrie Marie Underwood (born March 10, 1983) is an American country singer, songwriter, and actress.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ She rose to fame as the winner of the fourth season of \"American Idol\", in 2005.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Her debut album, \"Some Hearts\", was released in 2005.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Bolstered by the huge crossover success of the singles \"Jesus, Take the Wheel\" and \"Before He Cheats\", it became the best-selling solo female debut album in country music history, the fastest-selling debut country album in Nielsen SoundScan history and the best-selling country album of the last 14 years.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Underwood won three Grammy Awards for the album, including Best New Artist.", "Dangerous Woman (album) __knowledge__ Dangerous Woman is the third studio album by American singer Ariana Grande, released by Republic Records on May 20, 2016.", "Dangerous Woman (album) __knowledge__ The album is the follow-up to her second studio album \"My Everything\" (2014), and features guest appearances from Nicki Minaj, Lil Wayne, Macy Gray and Future.", "Dangerous Woman (album) __knowledge__ The album was originally to be titled \"Moonlight\" and the song \"Focus\" was the intended lead single.", "Dangerous Woman (album) __knowledge__ However, later the album's name was changed to \"Dangerous Woman\" and \"Focus\" was removed from the album's standard track listing.", "Dangerous Woman (album) __knowledge__ \"Dangerous Woman\" is primarily a pop and R&B album, with influences of dance-pop, disco, house, trap, and reggae genres.", "Michael Jackson __knowledge__ Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter, and dancer.", "Michael Jackson __knowledge__ Dubbed the \"King of Pop\", he was one of the most popular entertainers in the world, and was the best-selling music artist during the year of his death.", "Michael Jackson __knowledge__ Jackson's contributions to music, dance, and fashion along with his publicized personal life made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades.", "Michael Jackson __knowledge__ The eighth child of the Jackson family, Michael made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5.", "Michael Jackson __knowledge__ He began his solo career in 1971 while at Motown Records.", "Revival (Selena Gomez album) __knowledge__ Revival is the second studio album by American singer Selena Gomez.", "Revival (Selena Gomez album) __knowledge__ It was released on October 9, 2015, by Interscope and Polydor Records.", "Revival (Selena Gomez album) __knowledge__ Preparation for the album began in 2014, when Gomez left her previous label Hollywood Records.", "Revival (Selena Gomez album) __knowledge__ The record was influenced by a range of artists, particularly Christina Aguilera and her album \"Stripped\" (2002).", "Revival (Selena Gomez album) __knowledge__ Gomez co-wrote twelve of its sixteen tracks.", "Revival (Selena Gomez album) __knowledge__ The album reflects her journey since 2013, including the media scrutiny of her personal life.", "Revival (Selena Gomez album) __knowledge__ As executive producers, Gomez, Danny D, and Tim Blacksmith collaborated with Hit-Boy, Rock Mafia, and Stargate to achieve Gomez's new desired sound.", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ Petra is a music group regarded as a pioneer of the Christian rock and contemporary Christian music genres.", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ Formed in 1972, the band took its name from the Greek word for \"rock\".", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ Though it disbanded formally in 2006, incarnations have played reunion shows in the years since and released an album in November 2010.", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ In 2013, it reformed with a new drummer, Cristian Borneo, and recorded a new song titled \"Holy is Your Name\", before going back on tour.", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ With a style initially similar to The Eagles and Lynyrd Skynyrd, Petra's sound evolved into a more energetic, driving rock sound in the early 1980s akin to Foreigner, Styx and Journey.", "Rush (band) __knowledge__ Rush was a Canadian rock band composed of Geddy Lee (bass, vocals, keyboards), Alex Lifeson (guitars) and Neil Peart (drums, percussion, lyrics).", "Rush (band) __knowledge__ Forming in 1968, the band went through several configurations until arriving at its longest and most popular line-up when Peart replaced original drummer John Rutsey in July 1974, two weeks before the group's first United States tour.", "Rush (band) __knowledge__ Rush is known for its musicianship, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and philosophy.", "Rush (band) __knowledge__ The thought provoking lyrics, mostly written by drummer Neil Peart, are often philosophical, metaphorical , metaphysical and deep.", "Lisa Goldman __knowledge__ Lisa Goldman is a British theatre director, dramaturg, writer and author.", "Lisa Goldman __knowledge__ She was Artistic Director and joint Chief Executive of Soho Theatre (2006–10) and The Red Room Theatre Company which she founded (1995-2006).", "Lisa Goldman __knowledge__ In 2008 Lisa was included in the London Evening Standard’s ‘Influentials’ list as one of the 1000 most influential people in London.", "Lisa Goldman __knowledge__ Lisa’s book The No Rules Handbook for Writers was published by Oberon Books in April 2012.", "Lisa Goldman __knowledge__ It was cited by The Stage as one of their top 10 training books of 2012 and was an Amazon UK digital bestseller during November 2012.", "Lisa Goldman __knowledge__ Lisa Goldman (born November 1964) grew up in Walthamstow and Chingford, east London, where she attended local state schools.", "Dance Umbrella __knowledge__ Dance Umbrella is London’s international dance festival, celebrating 21st century choreography across the capital.", "Dance Umbrella __knowledge__ Founded in 1978 by Val Bourne CBE, Dance Umbrella is internationally recognised for its annual festival which takes place each October.", "Dance Umbrella __knowledge__ In addition, projects supporting artists and engaging the public with choreography now take place year-round.", "Dance Umbrella __knowledge__ To date, Dance Umbrella has reached audiences of over one million people in London.", "Dance Umbrella __knowledge__ Recently appointed Artistic Director & CEO Emma Gladstone is now building on this remarkable track record and taking Dance Umbrella forward with various new initiatives, including digital projects, regular programming strands for children and young people, debates and articles on cultural issues and the Moving London Commission Fund.", "Ricky Ponting __knowledge__ Ricky Thomas Ponting, AO (born 19 December 1974), is a former Australian cricketer, and two-time World Cup winning captain in 2003 and 2007.", "Ricky Ponting __knowledge__ Widely regarded as one of the greatest batsmen in the history of cricket, Ponting was captain of the Australia national cricket team during its 'golden era'; between 2004 and 2011 in Test cricket and 2002 and 2011 in One Day International cricket.", "Ricky Ponting __knowledge__ He is a specialist right-handed batsman, arguably the best slips and close catching fielder to have pulled on a set of whites, as well as a very occasional bowler.", "Ricky Ponting __knowledge__ Ponting holds the record of being the only cricketer in the history of Test cricket to be a part of 100 Test match wins.", "Marlon Brando __knowledge__ Marlon Brando Jr. (April 3, 1924 – July 1, 2004) was an American actor, film director, and activist.", "Marlon Brando __knowledge__ He is credited with bringing realism to film acting, helping to popularize the Stanislavski system of acting, studying with Stella Adler in the 1940s.", "Marlon Brando __knowledge__ He is considered by many as one of the greatest and most influential actors of all time.", "Marlon Brando __knowledge__ Brando is widely known for his Academy Award-winning performances as Terry Malloy in \"On the Waterfront\" (1954) and Don Vito Corleone in \"The Godfather\" (1972).", "Marlon Brando __knowledge__ He is also remembered for his performances in \"A Streetcar Named Desire\" (1951), \"Viva Zapata!\"", "Marlon Brando __knowledge__ (1952), \"Julius Caesar\" (1953), \"The Wild One\" (1953), \"Guys and Dolls\" (1955), \"Sayonara\" (1957), \"Last Tango in Paris\" (1972), and \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979).", "Madrigale spirituale __knowledge__ A madrigale spirituale (Italian; pl.", "Madrigale spirituale __knowledge__ \"madrigali spirituali\") is a madrigal, or madrigal-like piece of music, with a sacred rather than a secular text.", "Madrigale spirituale __knowledge__ Most examples of the form date from the late Renaissance and early Baroque eras, and principally come from Italy and Germany.", "Madrigale spirituale __knowledge__ \"Madrigali spirituali\" were almost always intended for an audience of cultivated, often aristocratic amateurs.", "Madrigale spirituale __knowledge__ They were performed at private houses, academies, and courts of noblemen in Italy and adjacent countries but almost certainly were not used liturgically.", "Madrigale spirituale __knowledge__ The \"madrigale spirituale\" was an a cappella form, though instrumental accompaniment was used on occasion, especially after 1600.", "Olivia de Havilland __knowledge__ Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland, (; born July 1, 1916) is a retired British-American actress, whose career spanned from 1935 to 1988.", "Olivia de Havilland __knowledge__ She appeared in 49 feature films, and was one of the leading movie stars during the golden age of Classical Hollywood.", "Olivia de Havilland __knowledge__ She is best known for her early screen performances in \"The Adventures of Robin Hood\" (1938) and \"Gone with the Wind\" (1939), and her later award-winning performances in \"To Each His Own\" (1946), \"The Snake Pit\" (1948), and \"The Heiress\" (1949).", "Olivia de Havilland __knowledge__ Born in Tokyo to British parents, deHavilland and her younger sister, Joan Fontaine, moved with their mother to California in 1919." ] ]

[ 2, 1, 4, 5, 8 ]

[ "Yeah Bono used to be so talented on the guitar and singing.", "They are an irish rock band they started in 1976. What a time to be alive.", "Well their lyrics usually embellish with spirtual imagery and political themes.", "They are really popular for their live award winning performances and tours.", "They have had many number one albums like \"war\" that sold millions, not grammies though" ]

[ "U2", "U2", "U2", "U2", "U2" ]

[ "Graduate school\nWoo hoo! I am in my last year of graduate school! ", "Yes, I am. I am just wondering though, how many graduate schools there are in the US. ", "Wow! I wonder which one is the biggest. ", "I wanted to go to Harvard, but couldn't afford it. What else can you tell me about graduate school?", "Neat. Anything else I need to know?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Graduate school __knowledge__ A graduate school (sometimes shortened as grad school) is a school that awards advanced academic degrees (i.e.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ master's and doctoral degrees) with the general requirement that students must have earned a previous undergraduate (bachelor's) degree with a high grade point average.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ A distinction is typically made between graduate schools (where courses of study vary in the degree to which they provide training for a particular profession) and professional schools, which offer specialized advanced degrees in professional fields such as medicine, nursing, business, engineering, or law.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ The distinction between graduate schools and professional schools is not absolute, as various professional schools offer graduate degrees (e.g., some nursing schools offer a master's degree in nursing).", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Also, some graduate degrees train students for a specific profession (e.g.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ an MSc or a PhD in epidemiology trains a person to be an epidemiologist).", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Many universities award graduate degrees; a graduate school is not necessarily a separate institution.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ While the term \"graduate school\" is typical in the United States and often used elsewhere (e.g.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Canada), \"postgraduate education\" is also used in English-speaking countries (Australia, Canada, Ireland, India, Bangladesh, New Zealand, Pakistan and the UK) to refer to the spectrum of education beyond a bachelor's degree.", "Hearts of Nineteen __knowledge__ Hearts of Nineteen (also known as Pure in Heart, Pure 19, or Hearts of 19) is a 167-episode South Korean television drama/romantic comedy broadcast by KBS1 from 2006 to early 2007.", "Hearts of Nineteen __knowledge__ The drama won many awards at 2006 KBS Drama Awards and was a commercial success reaching a peak rating of 43.2% on its January 6 episode and an average viewership of 29.14%.", "Hearts of Nineteen __knowledge__ Yang Gook-hwa () is a nineteen-year-old country girl who leaves Yanbian and travels to Seoul because she is marrying Hong Soon-goo (), the third son in an average but respectable family.", "Hearts of Nineteen __knowledge__ When she arrives in Seoul, however, she finds out that her fiance has just died in a terrible car accident.", "Woo-Hoo (Rock-A-Teens song) __knowledge__ \"Woo Hoo\" is a rockabilly song, credited to Virginia country music DJ and music store/recording company George Donald McGraw and originally released by The Rock-A-Teens in 1959.", "Woo-Hoo (Rock-A-Teens song) __knowledge__ It is also the title track of The Rock-A-Teens 1959 album featuring the songs: \"Woo Hoo\"; \"Doggone It Baby\"; \"I'm Not Afraid\"; \"That's My Mama\"; \"Dance to the Bop\"; \"Story of a Woman\"; \"Twangy\"; \"Janis Will Rock\"; \"Pagan\"; \"Lotta Boppin'\"; \"Oh My Nerves\"; and \"I Was Born to Rock\".", "Woo-Hoo (Rock-A-Teens song) __knowledge__ The song is distinctive for its lack of lyrics apart from its title words, which gave it popularity around the world as it is not subject to language barriers.", "The Graduate School at Montana State University __knowledge__ The Graduate School provides leadership in graduate education at Montana State University (MSU), a public land-grant university located in Bozeman, Montana.", "The Graduate School at Montana State University __knowledge__ The Graduate School is staffed by dean and ten professional staff.", "The Graduate School at Montana State University __knowledge__ The University Graduate Council, a key component to The Graduate School, serves to advise the Dean on matters of policy.", "The Graduate School at Montana State University __knowledge__ Its key activities are to make recommendations to the Dean about graduate programs and curricula and to promote all aspects of graduate education and the success of graduate students.", "The Graduate School at Montana State University __knowledge__ The Graduate School at Montana State University is a member of the Western Association of Graduate Schools.", "Sutton Hoo helmet __knowledge__ The Sutton Hoo helmet is a decorated Anglo-Saxon helmet discovered during the 1939 excavation of the Sutton Hoo ship burial.", "Sutton Hoo helmet __knowledge__ It was buried around 625 and is widely believed to have been the helmet of King Rædwald of East Anglia, and its elaborate decoration may have given it a secondary function akin to a crown.", "Sutton Hoo helmet __knowledge__ The helmet is \"the most iconic object\" from \"one of the most spectacular archaeological discoveries ever made,\" and one of the most important Anglo-Saxon artefacts ever found.", "Sutton Hoo helmet __knowledge__ Its visage features eyebrows, nose, and moustache, creating the image of a man joined by a dragon's head to become a soaring dragon with outstretched wings.", "The 5.6.7.8's __knowledge__ The 5.6.7.8's are a Japanese rock trio, whose music is reminiscent of American surf music, rockabilly and garage rock.", "The 5.6.7.8's __knowledge__ They frequently cover songs from American rock and roll.", "The 5.6.7.8's __knowledge__ All members are from Tokyo, Japan.", "The 5.6.7.8's __knowledge__ The 5.6.7.8's first started performing as a quartet in Tokyo, and recruited guest performers during their Australian tour, once even utilizing a male member, \"Eddie\".", "The 5.6.7.8's __knowledge__ They first officially became a trio in 1992, before touring Australia.", "The 5.6.7.8's __knowledge__ The 5.6.7.8's made a brief appearance in the 2003 Quentin Tarantino film \"Kill Bill Volume 1\", where they were shown playing barefoot in an izakaya.", "The 5.6.7.8's __knowledge__ In 2012, they appeared at the \"Girls Got Rhythm\" fest in St. Paul, MN alongside artists such as Ronnie Spector, The Muffs, Nikki Corvette and L'Assassins.", "Sutton Hoo __knowledge__ Sutton Hoo, near Woodbridge, Suffolk, is the site of two 6th- and early 7th-century cemeteries.", "Sutton Hoo __knowledge__ One cemetery contained an undisturbed ship burial, including a wealth of Anglo-Saxon artefacts of outstanding art-historical and archaeological significance, most of which are now in the British Museum in London.", "Sutton Hoo __knowledge__ The site is in the care of the National Trust.", "Sutton Hoo __knowledge__ Sutton Hoo is of primary importance to early medieval historians because it sheds light on a period of English history that is on the margin between myth, legend, and historical documentation.", "Sutton Hoo __knowledge__ Use of the site culminated at a time when Rædwald, the ruler of the East Angles, held senior power among the English people and played a dynamic if ambiguous part in the establishment of Christian rulership in England; it is generally thought most likely that he is the person buried in the ship.", "Hoo St Werburgh __knowledge__ Hoo St Werburgh is one of several villages on the Hoo Peninsula to bear the name \"Hoo\", meaning 'spur of land'.", "Hoo St Werburgh __knowledge__ It constitutes a civil parish in the unitary authority of Medway (Medway Council) in South East England.", "Hoo St Werburgh __knowledge__ It was, until 1998, administered by Kent County Council, but is still part of Kent with which it is ceremonially associated via the Lieutenancies Act.", "Hoo St Werburgh __knowledge__ It had a population of 7,356 at the 2001 census, increasing to 8,945 at the 2011 Census.", "Hoo St Werburgh __knowledge__ To the west of Hoo St Werburgh is Chattenden village, which is part of the civil parish of Hoo St Werburgh.", "Hoo St Werburgh __knowledge__ St. Werburgh was the daughter of King Wulfhere of Mercia, and niece of King Æthelred, his brother and successor." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Graduate school __knowledge__ A graduate school (sometimes shortened as grad school) is a school that awards advanced academic degrees (i.e.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ master's and doctoral degrees) with the general requirement that students must have earned a previous undergraduate (bachelor's) degree with a high grade point average.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ A distinction is typically made between graduate schools (where courses of study vary in the degree to which they provide training for a particular profession) and professional schools, which offer specialized advanced degrees in professional fields such as medicine, nursing, business, engineering, or law.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ The distinction between graduate schools and professional schools is not absolute, as various professional schools offer graduate degrees (e.g., some nursing schools offer a master's degree in nursing).", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Also, some graduate degrees train students for a specific profession (e.g.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ an MSc or a PhD in epidemiology trains a person to be an epidemiologist).", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Many universities award graduate degrees; a graduate school is not necessarily a separate institution.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ While the term \"graduate school\" is typical in the United States and often used elsewhere (e.g.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Canada), \"postgraduate education\" is also used in English-speaking countries (Australia, Canada, Ireland, India, Bangladesh, New Zealand, Pakistan and the UK) to refer to the spectrum of education beyond a bachelor's degree.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Education in the United States is provided by public, private and home schools.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ State governments set overall educational standards, often mandate standardized tests for K–12 public school systems and supervise, usually through a board of regents, state colleges and universities.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Funding comes from the state, local, and federal government.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Private schools are generally free to determine their own curriculum and staffing policies, with voluntary accreditation available through independent regional accreditation authorities, although some state regulation can apply.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ In 2013, about 87% of school-age children (those below higher education) attended state funded public schools, about 10% attended tuition- and foundation-funded private schools and roughly 3% were home-schooled.", "Graduate Record Examinations __knowledge__ The Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) is a standardized test that is an admissions requirement for most Graduate Schools in the United States.", "Graduate Record Examinations __knowledge__ The GRE is owned and administered by Educational Testing Service (ETS) who created it in 1949.", "Graduate Record Examinations __knowledge__ According to ETS, the GRE aims to measure verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, analytical writing, and critical thinking skills that have been acquired over a long period of learning.", "Graduate Record Examinations __knowledge__ The content of the GRE consists of certain specific algebra, geometry, arithmetic, and vocabulary.", "Graduate Record Examinations __knowledge__ The GRE General Test is offered as a computer-based exam administered at Prometric testing centers.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ College admissions in the United States refers to the process of applying for entrance to institutions of higher education for undergraduate study at one of the nation's 2,675 schools.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Generally, the college search begins in the student's eleventh grade of high school with most activity taking place during the twelfth grade, although students at top high schools often begin the process during their tenth grade or earlier.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ In addition, there are considerable numbers of students who transfer from one college to another, as well as adults older than high school age who apply to college.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Millions of high school students apply to college each year.", "Council of Graduate Schools __knowledge__ The Council of Graduate Schools (CGS) is a nonprofit higher education organization with headquarters in Washington, DC.", "Council of Graduate Schools __knowledge__ Its mission is to advance graduate education and research.", "Council of Graduate Schools __knowledge__ Its main activities consist of best practice initiatives, data anlaysis, advocacy, and global engagement.", "Council of Graduate Schools __knowledge__ CGS membership includes approximately 500 universities in the United States and Canada, as well as international institutions .", "Council of Graduate Schools __knowledge__ The Council is concerned principally with the efforts of graduate schools, particularly those providing PhD and master’s programs.", "Council of Graduate Schools __knowledge__ Its efforts do not extend to professional degrees in medicine or law.", "Sungkyunkwan University __knowledge__ Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU or simply \"Seongdae\", Hangul: 성균관대학교; hanja:成均館大學校) is a private research university with campuses in Seoul and Suwon.", "Sungkyunkwan University __knowledge__ Originally, it was founded in 1398 by the Joseon Dynasty located in the heart of central Seoul.", "Sungkyunkwan University __knowledge__ It was authorized as Sungkyunkwan, the foremost educational institution of Joseon, by the great code of the state administration pertaining to the royal assent.", "Sungkyunkwan University __knowledge__ Today, the university has two campuses: the Humanities and Social Sciences Campus in Seoul, and the Natural Sciences Campus in Suwon.", "Sungkyunkwan University __knowledge__ Twelve schools and four colleges offer degrees at the bachelor's level; twelve graduate schools confer various degrees at both the masters and doctoral levels.", "Fordham University __knowledge__ Fordham University () is a private research university in New York City, founded by the Catholic Diocese of New York in 1841.", "Fordham University __knowledge__ It is the oldest Catholic university in the northeastern United States, the third-oldest university in New York, and the only Jesuit university in New York City.", "Fordham University __knowledge__ Established as St. John's College by John Hughes, then a coadjutor bishop of New York, it was placed in the care of the Society of Jesus shortly thereafter, and has since become a Jesuit-affiliated independent school under a lay board of trustees.", "Fordham University __knowledge__ The college's first president, John McCloskey, was the first Catholic cardinal in the United States.", "Doctor of Philosophy __knowledge__ A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., DPhil, or Dr.", "Doctor of Philosophy __knowledge__ phil.", "Doctor of Philosophy __knowledge__ ; Latin ) is the highest academic degree awarded by universities in most countries.", "Doctor of Philosophy __knowledge__ PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields.", "Doctor of Philosophy __knowledge__ The completion of a PhD is often a requirement for employment as a university professor, researcher, or scientist in many fields.", "Doctor of Philosophy __knowledge__ Individuals who have earned a Doctor of Philosophy degree may, in most jurisdictions, use the title \"Doctor\" (often abbreviated \"Dr\") or, in non-English speaking countries, variants such as \"Dr.", "Doctor of Philosophy __knowledge__ phil.\"", "Doctor of Philosophy __knowledge__ with their name, and may use post-nominal letters such as \"Ph.D.\", \"PhD\" (depending on the awarding institute).", "Academic degree __knowledge__ An academic degree is a qualification awarded to students upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, normally at a college or university.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ These institutions commonly offer degrees at various levels, typically including bachelor's, master’s and doctorates, often alongside other academic certificates, and professional degrees.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ The most common undergraduate degree is the bachelor's degree, although in some countries lower qualifications are titled degrees (e.g.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ associate degrees in the US or foundation degrees in the UK) while in others a higher-level first degree is more usual.", "Engineer's degree __knowledge__ An engineer's degree is an advanced academic degree in engineering that is conferred in Europe, some countries of Latin America, and a few institutions in the United States.", "Engineer's degree __knowledge__ In the United States, the engineer's degree is at a more advanced level than a standard U.S. master's degree, may include a graduate thesis, but lacks the doctoral dissertation component of doctorates such as the PhD.", "Engineer's degree __knowledge__ In some countries of Latin America, there is no proper engineer's degree, but the title of \"Engineer\" is used for 5 year bachelor's graduates.", "Engineer's degree __knowledge__ In the rest of Latin America and in Europe, the engineer degree is ranked at the same academic level as a master's degree, and is often known literally as an \"engineer diploma\" (abbreviated \"Dipl.-Ing.\"", "Doctorate __knowledge__ A doctorate (from Latin \"docere\", \"to teach\") or doctor's degree (from Latin \"doctor\", \"teacher\") or doctoral degree (from the ancient formalism \"licentia docendi\") is an academic degree awarded by universities that is, in most countries, a research degree that qualifies the holder to teach at the university level in the degree's field, or to work in a specific profession.", "Doctorate __knowledge__ There are a variety of doctoral degrees, with the most common being the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), which is awarded in many different fields, ranging from the humanities to the scientific disciplines.", "Doctorate __knowledge__ In the United States and some other countries, there are also some types of vocational, technical, or \"professional degrees\" that are referred to as \"doctorates\" in their home countries, though they are not technically doctoral level as they are not research degrees and no defense of any dissertation or thesis is performed.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin \"baccalaureus\") or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin \"baccalaureatus\") is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years (depending on institution and academic discipline).", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In some institutions and educational systems, some bachelor's degrees can only be taken as graduate or postgraduate degrees after a first degree has been completed.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In countries with qualifications frameworks, bachelor's degrees are normally one of the major levels in the framework (sometimes two levels where non-honours and honours bachelor's degrees are considered separately), although some qualifications titled bachelor's degrees may be at other levels (e.g.", "List of master's degrees in North America __knowledge__ This list refers to specific master's degrees in North America.", "List of master's degrees in North America __knowledge__ Please see master's degree for a more general overview.", "List of master's degrees in North America __knowledge__ Master of Accountancy (MAcc, MAc, MAcy or MPAcc), alternatively Master of Professional Accountancy (MPAcy or MPA), or Master Science in Accountancy (MSAcy) is typically a one-year, non-thesis graduate program designed to prepare graduates for public accounting and to provide them with the 150 credit hours required by most states before taking the CPA exam.", "List of master's degrees in North America __knowledge__ Master of Accounting (MAcc) is an 8-month degree offered by the University of Waterloo, School of Accounting and Finance in Canada that satisfies the 51 credit hours and CKE exam requirement needed to write the Chartered Accountant Uniform Final Exam (UFE) in the province of Ontario.", "Licentiate (degree) __knowledge__ A licentiate is a degree below that of a PhD given by universities in some countries.", "Licentiate (degree) __knowledge__ The term is also used for a person who holds this degree.", "Licentiate (degree) __knowledge__ The term derives from Latin \"licentia\", \"freedom\" (from Latin \"licere\", \"to allow\"), which is applied in the phrases \"licentia docendi\" meaning \"permission to teach\" and \"licentia ad practicandum\" signifying someone who holds a certificate of competence to practise a profession.", "Licentiate (degree) __knowledge__ Many countries have degrees with this title, but they may represent different educational levels.", "Licentiate (degree) __knowledge__ Originally, for the student in the medieval university the \"licentia docendi\" was of a somewhat different nature than the academic degrees of bachelor, master or doctor." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Graduate school __knowledge__ A graduate school (sometimes shortened as grad school) is a school that awards advanced academic degrees (i.e.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ master's and doctoral degrees) with the general requirement that students must have earned a previous undergraduate (bachelor's) degree with a high grade point average.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ A distinction is typically made between graduate schools (where courses of study vary in the degree to which they provide training for a particular profession) and professional schools, which offer specialized advanced degrees in professional fields such as medicine, nursing, business, engineering, or law.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ The distinction between graduate schools and professional schools is not absolute, as various professional schools offer graduate degrees (e.g., some nursing schools offer a master's degree in nursing).", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Also, some graduate degrees train students for a specific profession (e.g.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ an MSc or a PhD in epidemiology trains a person to be an epidemiologist).", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Many universities award graduate degrees; a graduate school is not necessarily a separate institution.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ While the term \"graduate school\" is typical in the United States and often used elsewhere (e.g.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Canada), \"postgraduate education\" is also used in English-speaking countries (Australia, Canada, Ireland, India, Bangladesh, New Zealand, Pakistan and the UK) to refer to the spectrum of education beyond a bachelor's degree.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "WOW series __knowledge__ \"WOW\" is a series of annual compilation albums featuring contemporary Christian music dating from 1995.", "WOW series __knowledge__ Comprising songs submitted by each partner label, the annual \"WOW Hits\" releases are typically double CD sets.", "WOW series __knowledge__ The birth of the WOW record project can be traced Grant Cunningham, A&R Director at Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ In November 1994 Grant made a business trip to EMI Limited in London, which at the time was the parent company of Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ There he noticed that several British record labels were issuing an annual CD of top-rated songs, known as the \"NOW\" series, containing collections of pop songs.", "Women for the Wall __knowledge__ The conservative Women for the Wall, sometimes abbreviated as W4W, is a grassroots organization founded in April 2013, concerned with preserving Jewish tradition at the Western Wall, also known as the Kotel.", "Women for the Wall __knowledge__ The catalyst for the founding of Women for the Wall was lack of representation for the stand of traditional Jewish women in the controversy surrounding an alternative prayer group known as Women of the Wall (WoW).", "Women for the Wall __knowledge__ In the months leading to the establishment of W4W, Women of the Wall demanded to hold their services in the traditional women's section, rather than the Robinson's Arch area of the Kotel, where alternative prayer services are held.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ It is the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU).", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film is directed by Patty Jenkins, with a screenplay by Allan Heinberg, from a story by Heinberg, Zack Snyder, and Jason Fuchs, and stars Gal Gadot as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman, alongside Chris Pine, Robin Wright, Danny Huston, David Thewlis, Connie Nielsen, and Elena Anaya.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ \"Wonder Woman\" is the second live action theatrical film featuring the titular character, following her debut in 2016's \"\".", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin \"baccalaureus\") or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin \"baccalaureatus\") is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years (depending on institution and academic discipline).", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In some institutions and educational systems, some bachelor's degrees can only be taken as graduate or postgraduate degrees after a first degree has been completed.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In countries with qualifications frameworks, bachelor's degrees are normally one of the major levels in the framework (sometimes two levels where non-honours and honours bachelor's degrees are considered separately), although some qualifications titled bachelor's degrees may be at other levels (e.g.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ An academic degree is a qualification awarded to students upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, normally at a college or university.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ These institutions commonly offer degrees at various levels, typically including bachelor's, master’s and doctorates, often alongside other academic certificates, and professional degrees.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ The most common undergraduate degree is the bachelor's degree, although in some countries lower qualifications are titled degrees (e.g.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ associate degrees in the US or foundation degrees in the UK) while in others a higher-level first degree is more usual.", "Higher education in Portugal __knowledge__ Higher education in Portugal is divided into two main subsystems: university and polytechnic education.", "Higher education in Portugal __knowledge__ It is provided in autonomous public universities, private universities, public or private university institutes, polytechnic institutions and higher education institutions of other types.", "Higher education in Portugal __knowledge__ Higher education in state-run educational establishments is provided on a competitive basis, a system of \"numerus clausus\" is enforced through a national database on student admissions.", "Higher education in Portugal __knowledge__ In addition, every higher education institution offers also a number of additional vacant places through other extraordinary admission processes for sportsmen, mature applicants (over 23 years old), international students, foreign students from the Lusosphere, degree owners from other institutions, students from other institutions (academic transfer), former students (readmission), and course change, which are subject to specific standards and regulations set by each institution or course department.", "Doctorate __knowledge__ A doctorate (from Latin \"docere\", \"to teach\") or doctor's degree (from Latin \"doctor\", \"teacher\") or doctoral degree (from the ancient formalism \"licentia docendi\") is an academic degree awarded by universities that is, in most countries, a research degree that qualifies the holder to teach at the university level in the degree's field, or to work in a specific profession.", "Doctorate __knowledge__ There are a variety of doctoral degrees, with the most common being the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), which is awarded in many different fields, ranging from the humanities to the scientific disciplines.", "Doctorate __knowledge__ In the United States and some other countries, there are also some types of vocational, technical, or \"professional degrees\" that are referred to as \"doctorates\" in their home countries, though they are not technically doctoral level as they are not research degrees and no defense of any dissertation or thesis is performed.", "Master's degree in Europe __knowledge__ The Bologna process for standardisation of European higher education specified an undergraduate degree of at least three years called the \"licence\" or bachelor's degree, followed by a two-year diploma called the master's degree, then a doctorate, meant to be obtained in at least three years.", "Master's degree in Europe __knowledge__ Because of these indicated schedules, the reform is sometimes (erroneously) referred to as \"3-5-8\".", "Master's degree in Europe __knowledge__ The system applies to the European Higher Education Area.", "Master's degree in Europe __knowledge__ Through the Bologna initiatives and support of the European Union, Europe is unifying and standardising especially the structure of their masters' programmes, making them more and more accessible to foreign students.", "Education in Taiwan __knowledge__ The educational system in Taiwan is the responsibility of the Ministry of Education.", "Education in Taiwan __knowledge__ The system produces pupils with some of the highest test scores in the world, especially in mathematics and science.", "Education in Taiwan __knowledge__ It has been criticised for placing excessive pressure on students and eschewing creativity in favour of rote memorization.", "Education in Taiwan __knowledge__ Recent educational reforms intended to address these criticisms are a topic of intense debate in Taiwan.", "Education in Taiwan __knowledge__ Although current law mandates only nine years of schooling, 95% of students go on to high school, trade school or college.", "Education in Taiwan __knowledge__ President Ma announced in January 2011 that the government would begin the phased implementation of a twelve-year compulsory education program by 2014." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Graduate school __knowledge__ A graduate school (sometimes shortened as grad school) is a school that awards advanced academic degrees (i.e.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ master's and doctoral degrees) with the general requirement that students must have earned a previous undergraduate (bachelor's) degree with a high grade point average.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ A distinction is typically made between graduate schools (where courses of study vary in the degree to which they provide training for a particular profession) and professional schools, which offer specialized advanced degrees in professional fields such as medicine, nursing, business, engineering, or law.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ The distinction between graduate schools and professional schools is not absolute, as various professional schools offer graduate degrees (e.g., some nursing schools offer a master's degree in nursing).", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Also, some graduate degrees train students for a specific profession (e.g.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ an MSc or a PhD in epidemiology trains a person to be an epidemiologist).", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Many universities award graduate degrees; a graduate school is not necessarily a separate institution.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ While the term \"graduate school\" is typical in the United States and often used elsewhere (e.g.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Canada), \"postgraduate education\" is also used in English-speaking countries (Australia, Canada, Ireland, India, Bangladesh, New Zealand, Pakistan and the UK) to refer to the spectrum of education beyond a bachelor's degree.", "List of Suits characters __knowledge__ \"Suits\" is an American legal drama created by Aaron Korsh and premiered on USA Network in June 2011.", "List of Suits characters __knowledge__ The series revolves around Harvey Specter (Gabriel Macht), a senior partner at a top law firm in Manhattan, and his recently hired associate attorney Mike Ross (Patrick J. Adams) as they hide the fact that Mike does not have a law degree.", "List of Suits characters __knowledge__ Each episode focuses on a single legal case and its challenges while examining the work environment of the firm, Mike's and Harvey's personal relationships, and problems stemming from Mike's lack of a degree.", "List of Suits characters __knowledge__ The rest of the starring cast portray other employees at the firm: Louis Litt (Rick Hoffman), Rachel Zane (Meghan Markle), a paralegal who develops feelings for Mike; Donna Paulsen (Sarah Rafferty), Harvey's long-time legal secretary, close friend, and confidant; and Jessica Pearson (Gina Torres), the co-founder and managing partner of the firm.", "Yale University __knowledge__ Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut.", "Yale University __knowledge__ Founded in 1701, it is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the nine Colonial Colleges chartered before the American Revolution.", "Yale University __knowledge__ Chartered by Connecticut Colony, the \"Collegiate School\" was established by clergy in Saybrook Colony to educate Congregational ministers.", "Yale University __knowledge__ It moved to New Haven in 1716 and shortly after was renamed Yale College in recognition of a gift from British East India Company governor Elihu Yale.", "Yale University __knowledge__ Originally restricted to theology and sacred languages, the curriculum began to incorporate humanities and sciences by the time of the American Revolution.", "History of Harvard Extension School __knowledge__ The history of the Harvard Extension School dates back to its founding in 1910 by Abbott Lawrence Lowell.", "History of Harvard Extension School __knowledge__ From the beginning, the Harvard Extension School was designed to serve the educational interests and needs of the greater Boston community, but has since extended its academic resources to the public, locally, nationally, and internationally.", "History of Harvard Extension School __knowledge__ Growing out of the Lowell Institute, it first became the Commission on University Extension in cooperation with other Boston-area universities, and then eventually became a Harvard-only institution.", "History of Harvard Extension School __knowledge__ Early students were able to earn an Associate in Arts degree, which was the equivalent of a bachelor's degree but which did have a residency requirement.", "Archibald Cox __knowledge__ Archibald \"Archie\" Cox Jr. (May 17, 1912 – May 29, 2004) was an American lawyer and law professor who served as U.S.", "Archibald Cox __knowledge__ Solicitor General under President John F. Kennedy and later as a special prosecutor during the Watergate scandal.", "Archibald Cox __knowledge__ During his career, he was a pioneering expert on labor law and also an authority on constitutional law.", "Archibald Cox __knowledge__ \"The Journal of Legal Studies\" has identified Cox as one of the most cited legal scholars of the 20th century.", "Archibald Cox __knowledge__ Cox was Senator John F. Kennedy's labor advisor and in 1961, President Kennedy appointed him solicitor general, an office he held for four and a half years.", "Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences __knowledge__ The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (GSAS) is the largest of the twelve graduate schools of Harvard University.", "Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences __knowledge__ Formed in 1872, GSAS is responsible for the majority of Harvard's post-baccalaureate degree programs in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences.", "Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences __knowledge__ The school offers Master of Arts (AM), Master of Science (SM), and the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degrees in approximately 56 disciplines.", "Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences __knowledge__ Academic programs offered by the Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences have consistently ranked at the top of graduate programs in the United States.", "Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences __knowledge__ The school's graduates include a diverse set of prominent public figures and academics.", "History of Harvard University __knowledge__ Harvard College, around which Harvard University eventually grew, was founded in 1636 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, making it the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States.", "History of Harvard University __knowledge__ For centuries, its graduates dominated Massachusetts' clerical and civil ranks and beginning in the 19th century its stature became national, then international, as a dozen graduate and professional schools were formed alongside the nucleus undergraduate College.", "History of Harvard University __knowledge__ Historically influential in national roles are the schools of medicine (1782), law (1817) and business (1908) as well as the Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (1890).", "Rutgers University __knowledge__ Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (), commonly referred to as Rutgers University, Rutgers, or RU, is an American public research university and is considered the largest institution for higher education in New Jersey.", "Rutgers University __knowledge__ Rutgers was chartered as Queen's College on November 10, 1766.", "Rutgers University __knowledge__ It is the eighth-oldest college in the United States and one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution.", "Rutgers University __knowledge__ The college was renamed Rutgers College in 1825 in honor of Colonel Henry Rutgers (1745–1830), a New York City landowner, philanthropist and former military officer, whose $5,000 bond donation to the school allowed it to reopen after years of financial difficulty.", "Epidemiology __knowledge__ Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution and determinants of health and disease conditions in defined populations.", "Epidemiology __knowledge__ It is the cornerstone of public health, and shapes policy decisions and evidence-based practice by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare.", "Epidemiology __knowledge__ Epidemiologists help with study design, collection, and statistical analysis of data, amend interpretation and dissemination of results (including peer review and occasional systematic review).", "Epidemiology __knowledge__ Epidemiology has helped develop methodology used in clinical research, public health studies, and, to a lesser extent, basic research in the biological sciences.", "Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University __knowledge__ The Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University is one of six departments at Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health, located on the Columbia University Medical Center campus in New York City.", "Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University __knowledge__ It offers five graduate degrees, several doctoral and post-doctoral training programs, and holds a summer institute.", "Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University __knowledge__ The department also hosts a symposium series on public health issues like HIV, screening, and autism; a lecture series on current epidemiologic topics, publishes a quarterly newsletter and sponsors a public health website called the 2x2_Project.", "Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University __knowledge__ The department’s research strengths include cancer epidemiology, HIV care and treatment, biologic and social determinants of population health, psychiatric epidemiology, epidemiology of injury, and applying methodologic approaches to look at epidemiology over the life course.", "Franklin White __knowledge__ Franklin Marshall Matthews White (born 1946) is a Canadian public health scientist focused on capacity building for international and global education, research and development.", "Franklin White __knowledge__ He advocates: \"\"Public health...must not be left to the international community to define; it is...the responsibility of the countries themselves to define their priorities.", "Franklin White __knowledge__ The global agenda should be viewed as complementary at best.\"\"", "Franklin White __knowledge__ Born in Perth, Australia (1946), his family lived in Kuala Lumpur (1946–50) during the Malayan emergency, engaged in post-war reconstruction; his father Frank TM White, was then appointed founding head of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Queensland.", "Dimitrios Trichopoulos __knowledge__ Dimitrios Trichopoulos (; December 9, 1938 – December 1, 2014), was a Mediterranean Diet expert and tobacco harms researcher.", "Dimitrios Trichopoulos __knowledge__ He was Vincent L. Gregory Professor of Cancer Prevention and Professor of Epidemiology, and a past chair of the Department of Epidemiology, in the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston.", "Dimitrios Trichopoulos __knowledge__ Dimitrios Trichopoulos conducted research and taught for more than four decades in the field of cancer epidemiology and prevention.", "Dimitrios Trichopoulos __knowledge__ He published more than 1,000 scientific papers, continually charting scientific frontiers, from seminal research linking secondhand smoke (SHS) from cigarettes with increased susceptibility to risk for lung cancer, and hepatitis B virus and tobacco smoking with increased risk of primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma), to findings documenting that surgically induced and early natural menopause reduced breast cancer risk.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ An academic degree is a qualification awarded to students upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, normally at a college or university.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ These institutions commonly offer degrees at various levels, typically including bachelor's, master’s and doctorates, often alongside other academic certificates, and professional degrees.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ The most common undergraduate degree is the bachelor's degree, although in some countries lower qualifications are titled degrees (e.g.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ associate degrees in the US or foundation degrees in the UK) while in others a higher-level first degree is more usual.", "International Epidemiological Association __knowledge__ The International Epidemiological Association (IEA) is a worldwide association with more than 2000 members in over 100 different countries, who follow the aims of the association to facilitate communication amongst those engaged in research and teaching of epidemiology throughout the world, and to encourage its use in all fields of health including social, community and preventative medicine.", "International Epidemiological Association __knowledge__ These aims are achieved by holding scientific meetings and seminars, by publication of journals, reports, translations of books, by contact amongst members and by other activities consistent with these aims.", "Marine Stewardship Council __knowledge__ The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) is an independent non-profit organization which sets a standard for sustainable fishing.", "Marine Stewardship Council __knowledge__ Fisheries that wish to demonstrate they are well-managed and sustainable compared to the science-based MSC standard are assessed by a team of experts who are independent of both the fishery and the MSC.", "Marine Stewardship Council __knowledge__ Seafood products can display the blue MSC ecolabel only if that seafood can be traced back through the supply chain to a fishery that has been certified against the MSC standard.", "Marine Stewardship Council __knowledge__ The mission of the MSC is to use its ecolabel, for which the MSC receives royalties for licensing it to products, and fishery certification program to contribute to the health of the world’s oceans by recognizing and rewarding sustainable fishing practices, influencing the choices people make when buying seafood, and working with partners to transform the seafood market to a sustainable basis." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Graduate school __knowledge__ A graduate school (sometimes shortened as grad school) is a school that awards advanced academic degrees (i.e.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ master's and doctoral degrees) with the general requirement that students must have earned a previous undergraduate (bachelor's) degree with a high grade point average.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ A distinction is typically made between graduate schools (where courses of study vary in the degree to which they provide training for a particular profession) and professional schools, which offer specialized advanced degrees in professional fields such as medicine, nursing, business, engineering, or law.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ The distinction between graduate schools and professional schools is not absolute, as various professional schools offer graduate degrees (e.g., some nursing schools offer a master's degree in nursing).", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Also, some graduate degrees train students for a specific profession (e.g.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ an MSc or a PhD in epidemiology trains a person to be an epidemiologist).", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Many universities award graduate degrees; a graduate school is not necessarily a separate institution.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ While the term \"graduate school\" is typical in the United States and often used elsewhere (e.g.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Canada), \"postgraduate education\" is also used in English-speaking countries (Australia, Canada, Ireland, India, Bangladesh, New Zealand, Pakistan and the UK) to refer to the spectrum of education beyond a bachelor's degree.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ John Lawrence McKenzie (October 9, 1910 – March 2, 1991) was born on October 9, 1910, in Brazil, Indiana, the first of the six children of Myra (Daly) and Harry McKenzie.", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ John McKenzie became the premier Catholic Biblical scholar of the mid-twentieth century; indeed, John Courtney Murray, SJ, wrote that John McKenzie was \"the best Catholic theologian he knew of in the United States.\"", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ John McKenzie was interested in the Jesuits from an early age.", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ At some significant sacrifice to his family, he was enrolled in a Jesuit boarding high school in St. Mary’s, Kansas, where he came first in his class three out of his four years there.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of NCIS characters __knowledge__ \"NCIS\" is an American police procedural television series, revolving around a fictional team of special agents from the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, which investigates crimes involving the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps.", "List of NCIS characters __knowledge__ The series was created by Donald P. Bellisario and Don McGill as a backdoor pilot with the season eight episodes \"Ice Queen\" and \"Meltdown\" of \"JAG\".", "List of NCIS characters __knowledge__ The series premiered on September 23, 2003 featuring an ensemble cast which has included Mark Harmon, Sasha Alexander, Michael Weatherly, Pauley Perrette, David McCallum, Sean Murray, Cote de Pablo, Lauren Holly, Rocky Carroll, Brian Dietzen, Emily Wickersham, Wilmer Valderrama, Jennifer Esposito, Duane Henry, and Maria Bello.", "List of Little Miss characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of Little Miss characters from the children's book series by Roger Hargreaves; the series was also adapted into \"The Mr. Men Show\".", "List of Little Miss characters __knowledge__ Books one (\"Little Miss Bossy\") to thirty (\"Little Miss Somersault\") were written by Hargreaves and the remainder by his son, Adam Hargreaves.", "List of Little Miss characters __knowledge__ Little Miss All-goes-Well is part of the \"Little Miss\" series.", "List of Little Miss characters __knowledge__ Little Miss All-Goes-Well has a perfect life.", "List of Little Miss characters __knowledge__ This is one of the nine Little Miss titles which were not published in English.", "List of Little Miss characters __knowledge__ Little Miss All-goes-well has also been published under the alternative titles \"Madame Tout-Va-Bien\" (French), \"Η Κυρία Αισιόδοξη \"(Greek).", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement is a defence procurement project of the Canadian government to purchase Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighters for the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), a process started in 1997.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The F-35 procurement has been a source of considerable controversy in public policy circles in Canada since the federal government announced its intention to purchase the aircraft in 2010.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ In April 2012, with the release of a highly critical Auditor General of Canada report on the failures of the government's F-35 program, the procurement was labelled a national \"scandal\" and \"fiasco\" by the media.", "Clarence Gamble __knowledge__ Clarence James Gamble, (January 10, 1894 – July 15, 1966) married to Sarah Merry Bradley-Gamble, was the heir of the Procter and Gamble soap company fortune.", "Clarence Gamble __knowledge__ He was an advocate of birth control and eugenics, and founded Pathfinder International.", "Clarence Gamble __knowledge__ Dr. Clarence J.", "Clarence Gamble __knowledge__ Gamble was elected president by the board of directors of the newly incorporated Pathfinder Fund on February 27, 1957.", "Clarence Gamble __knowledge__ But the work of The Pathfinder Fund to make birth control available began some 28 years earlier, in 1929, when Clarence Gamble gave $5,000 to open a maternal health clinic in Cincinnati, Ohio.", "Clarence Gamble __knowledge__ Along with Margaret Sanger and Robert Latou Dickinson, he spearheaded the movement to gain acceptance for birth control in the United States.", "Economic inequality __knowledge__ Economic inequality is the difference found in various measures of economic well-being among individuals in a group, among groups in a population, or among countries.", "Economic inequality __knowledge__ Economic inequality sometimes refers to income inequality, wealth inequality, or the wealth gap.", "Economic inequality __knowledge__ Economists generally focus on economic disparity in three metrics: wealth, income, and consumption.", "Economic inequality __knowledge__ The issue of economic inequality is relevant to notions of equity, equality of outcome, and equality of opportunity.", "Economic inequality __knowledge__ Economic inequality varies between societies, historical periods, economic structures and systems.", "Economic inequality __knowledge__ The term can refer to cross-sectional distribution of income or wealth at any particular period, or to changes of income and wealth over longer periods of time.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin \"baccalaureus\") or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin \"baccalaureatus\") is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years (depending on institution and academic discipline).", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In some institutions and educational systems, some bachelor's degrees can only be taken as graduate or postgraduate degrees after a first degree has been completed.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In countries with qualifications frameworks, bachelor's degrees are normally one of the major levels in the framework (sometimes two levels where non-honours and honours bachelor's degrees are considered separately), although some qualifications titled bachelor's degrees may be at other levels (e.g.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Education in the United States is provided by public, private and home schools.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ State governments set overall educational standards, often mandate standardized tests for K–12 public school systems and supervise, usually through a board of regents, state colleges and universities.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Funding comes from the state, local, and federal government.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Private schools are generally free to determine their own curriculum and staffing policies, with voluntary accreditation available through independent regional accreditation authorities, although some state regulation can apply.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ In 2013, about 87% of school-age children (those below higher education) attended state funded public schools, about 10% attended tuition- and foundation-funded private schools and roughly 3% were home-schooled.", "Elias Ashmole __knowledge__ Elias Ashmole (; 23 May 1617 – 18 May 1692) was a celebrated English antiquary, politician, officer of arms, astrologer and student of alchemy.", "Elias Ashmole __knowledge__ Ashmole supported the royalist side during the English Civil War, and at the restoration of Charles II he was rewarded with several lucrative offices.", "Elias Ashmole __knowledge__ Ashmole was an antiquary with a strong Baconian leaning towards the study of nature.", "Elias Ashmole __knowledge__ His library reflected his intellectual outlook, including works on English history, law, numismatics, chorography, alchemy, astrology, astronomy, and botany.", "Elias Ashmole __knowledge__ Although he was one of the founding Fellows of the Royal Society, a key institution in the development of experimental science, his interests were antiquarian and mystical as well as scientific.", "Women in science __knowledge__ britan Women have made significant contributions to science from the earliest times.", "Women in science __knowledge__ Historians with an interest in gender and science have illuminated the scientific endeavors and accomplishments of women, the barriers they have faced, and the strategies implemented to have their work peer-reviewed and accepted in major scientific journals and other publications.", "Women in science __knowledge__ The historical, critical and sociological study of these issues has become an academic discipline in its own right.", "Women in science __knowledge__ The involvement of women in the field of medicine occurred in several early civilizations, and the study of natural philosophy in ancient Greece was open to women." ] ]

[ 1, 7, 6, 3, 2 ]

[ "Congrats! Are you pursuing an advanced academic degree?", "Many universities award graduate degrees, probably hundreds in the U.S!", "Harvard is, an MSc or a PhD in epidemiology from there is quite big. ", "Well, specialized advanced degrees in professional fields is probably ideal to earn high wages.", "Remember, you must have earned a previous undergraduate (bachelor's) degree to do well in graduate school!" ]

[ "Graduate school", "Graduate school", "Graduate school", "Graduate school", "Graduate school" ]

[ "Parenting", "Parenting is definitely an acquired skill raising and tending to childrens physical and mental health and development", "Yes and many parent are not the biological parent a lot of kids are raised by adopted or foster parents" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "Mental health __knowledge__ Mental health is a level of psychological well-being, or an absence of mental illness.", "Mental health __knowledge__ It is the \"psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioural adjustment\".", "Mental health __knowledge__ From the perspective of positive psychology or holism, mental health may include an individual's ability to enjoy life, and create a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience.", "Mental health __knowledge__ According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health includes \"subjective well-being, perceived self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, inter-generational dependence, and self-actualization of one's intellectual and emotional potential, among others.\"", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ A mental disorder, also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitting, or occur as a single episode.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Many disorders have been described, with signs and symptoms that vary widely between specific disorders.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such disorders may be diagnosed by a mental health professional.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ The causes of mental disorders are often unclear.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Theories may incorporate findings from a range of fields.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Mental disorders are usually defined by a combination of how a person behaves, feels, perceives, or thinks.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ Attachment parenting (AP) is a parenting philosophy that proposes methods which aim to promote the attachment of mother and infant not only by maximal maternal empathy and responsiveness but also by continuous bodily closeness and touch.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ The term \"attachment parenting\" has been coined by the American pediatrician William Sears.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ In family sociology, attachment parenting is considered to be the most striking manifestation of \"intensive mothering\" or \"New momism\".", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ The doctrine has hence been targeted by criticism from a host of objectors.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ Attachment parenting is only one of many responsiveness and love-oriented parenting philosophies that entered the pedagogical mainstream after World War II, and it owes many of its ideas to older teachings, such as Benjamin Spock's influential handbook \"Baby and Child Care\" (1946).", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Well-being is a much-studied topic in psychology, especially positive psychology.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Related concepts are eudaimonia, happiness, flourishing, quality of life, contentment, and meaningful life.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Central theories are Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being, Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being, Corey Keyes' work on flourishing, and Seligmann's contributions to positive psychology and his theories on \"authentic happiness\" and P.E.R.M.A.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Positive psychology is concerned with eudaimonia, \"the good life\" or flourishing, living according to what holds the greatest value in life – the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life.", "Mental health professional __knowledge__ A mental health professional is a health care practitioner or community services provider who offers services for the purpose of improving an individual's mental health or to treat mental disorders.", "Mental health professional __knowledge__ This broad category was developed as a name for community personnel who worked in the new community mental health agencies begun in the 1970s to assist individuals moving from state hospitals, to prevent admissions, and to provide support in homes, jobs, education and community.", "Mental health professional __knowledge__ These individuals (i.e., state office personnel, private sector personnel, and non-profit, now voluntary sector personnel) were the forefront brigade to develop the community programs, which today may be referred to by names such as supported housing, psychiatric rehabilitation, supported or transitional employment, sheltered workshops, supported education, daily living skills, affirmative industries, dual diagnosis treatment, individual and family psychoeducation, adult day care, foster care, family services and mental health counseling.", "Single parent __knowledge__ A single parent is a parent that parents alone without the other parent's support, meaning this particular parent is the only parent to the child, responsible for all financial, material, and emotional needs.", "Single parent __knowledge__ It means there is an absence of the other parent as opposed to a co-parent, meaning that the parent is not the only parent regardless of whether or not they are a couple.", "Single parent __knowledge__ Of course, this definition is loosely true.", "Single parent __knowledge__ There is no true definition of what \"single parent\" means and is more based on opinions.", "Single parent __knowledge__ Sometimes, one finds themselves in a single-parent family structure that has arisen due to death of the partner, intentional artificial insemination, or unplanned pregnancy.", "Fathers' rights movement __knowledge__ The fathers' rights movement is a movement whose members are primarily interested in issues related to family law, including child custody and child support that affect fathers and their children.", "Fathers' rights movement __knowledge__ Many of its members are fathers who desire to share the parenting of their children equally with their children's mother—either after divorce or as unwed fathers—and the children of the terminated marriage.", "Fathers' rights movement __knowledge__ The movement includes men as well as women, often the second wives of divorced fathers or other family members of men who have had some engagement with family law.", "Fathers' rights movement __knowledge__ Most of the members of the fathers' rights movement had little prior interest in the law or politics.", "Sociology of the family __knowledge__ Sociological studies of the family look at: Examples of specific issues looked at include: Research methods in the sociology of the family can be broken down to three major approaches, each with its own strengths and weaknesses.", "Sociology of the family __knowledge__ One approach is survey research of contemporary families.", "Sociology of the family __knowledge__ This holds the benefit of leaving statistical data and large and hopefully random samples from which a researcher can interpolate the general traits of a society.", "Sociology of the family __knowledge__ However, survey respondents tend to answer as would feel regular or ideal rather than as things might actually be.", "Sociology of the family __knowledge__ It also gives a very one-sided explanation view of a larger group, which does not sufficiently allow for contention.", "Child abuse __knowledge__ Child abuse or child maltreatment is physical, sexual, or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child or children, especially by a parent or other caregiver.", "Child abuse __knowledge__ Child abuse may include any act or failure to act by a parent or other caregiver that results in actual or potential harm to a child, and can occur in a child's home, or in the organizations, schools or communities the child interacts with.", "Child abuse __knowledge__ The terms \"child abuse\" and \"child maltreatment\" are often used interchangeably, although some researchers make a distinction between them, treating \"child maltreatment\" as an umbrella term to cover neglect, exploitation, and trafficking.", "Parental alienation __knowledge__ Parental alienation is the process, and the result, of psychological manipulation of a child into showing unwarranted fear, disrespect or hostility towards a parent and/or other family members.", "Parental alienation __knowledge__ It is a distinctive form of psychological abuse and family violence, towards both the child and the rejected family members, that occurs almost exclusively in association with family separation or divorce, particularly where legal action is involved.", "Parental alienation __knowledge__ It undermines core principles of both the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.", "Parental alienation __knowledge__ Most commonly, the primary cause is a parent wishing to exclude another parent from the life of their child, but other family members or friends, as well as professionals involved with the family (including psychologists, lawyers and judges), may contribute significantly to the process." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "Foster care __knowledge__ Foster care is a system in which a minor has been placed into a ward, group home, or private home of a state-certified caregiver, referred to as a \"foster parent\".", "Foster care __knowledge__ The placement of the child is normally arranged through the government or a social service agency.", "Foster care __knowledge__ The institution, group home or foster parent is compensated for expenses.", "Foster care __knowledge__ The State, via the family court and child protection services agency, stand \"in loco parentis\" to the minor, making all legal decisions while the foster parent is responsible for the day-to-day care of the minor.", "Foster care __knowledge__ The vast majority of children who would otherwise need foster care are in kinship care, that is, in the care of grandparents or other relatives.", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ \"This article on refers to Adoption within the Philippine context.", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ For the general term, see Adoption.\"", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ Adoption in the Philippines is a process of granting social, emotional and legal family and kinship membership to an individual from the Philippines, usually a child.", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ It involves a transfer of parental rights and obligations and provides family membership.", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) defines adoption as a \"socio-legal process of giving a permanent family to a child whose parents have voluntarily or involuntarily given up their parental rights.\"", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ Philippine Republic Act 8552, also known as the Domestic Adoption Act of 1998, recognizes that children should grow up with their biological parents; however, should the efforts of biological parents to raise their child be insufficient, other members of the extended family may take on the responsibility of parenthood for the child.", "Stepfamily __knowledge__ A stepfamily, blended family or bonus family is a family where at least one parent has children that are not genetically related to the other spouse or partner.", "Stepfamily __knowledge__ Either one parent may have children from a previous relationship.", "Stepfamily __knowledge__ Children in a stepfamily may live with one biological parent, or they may live with each biological parent for a period of time.", "Stepfamily __knowledge__ In addition, visitation rights mean that children in stepfamilies often have contact with both biological parents, even if they permanently live with only one.", "Stepfamily __knowledge__ A child is referred to as the stepchild, stepdaughter or stepson of their biological parent's new spouse, and that person as the stepparent, stepfather or stepmother of the child.", "Adoption __knowledge__ Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents, and, in so doing, permanently transfers all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from the biological parent or parents.", "Adoption __knowledge__ Adoption can be done by a couple or an individual person but children have to be 14 years younger and the adoptive parents can not have been legally incapacitated.", "Adoption __knowledge__ Unlike guardianship or other systems designed for the care of the young, adoption is intended to effect a permanent change in status and as such requires societal recognition, either through legal or religious sanction.", "Attachment therapy __knowledge__ Attachment therapy is a controversial category of alternative child mental health interventions intended to treat attachment disorders.", "Attachment therapy __knowledge__ The term generally includes accompanying parenting techniques.", "Attachment therapy __knowledge__ Other names or particular techniques include \"the Evergreen model\", \"holding time\", \"rage-reduction\", \"compression therapy\", \"rebirthing\", \"corrective attachment therapy\" and Coercive Restraint Therapy.", "Attachment therapy __knowledge__ It is found primarily in the United States, and much of it is centered in about a dozen clinics in Evergreen, Colorado, where Foster Cline, one of the founders, established his clinic in the 1970s.", "Attachment therapy __knowledge__ This article describes this particular set of interventions although in clinical literature the term \"attachment therapy\" is sometimes used loosely to mean any intervention based on attachment theory, particularly outside the US.", "Sibling __knowledge__ A sibling is one of two or more individuals having one or both parents in common.", "Sibling __knowledge__ A full sibling is a first-degree relative.", "Sibling __knowledge__ A male sibling is a brother, and a female sibling is a sister.", "Sibling __knowledge__ In most societies throughout the world, siblings often grow up together, thereby facilitating the development of strong emotional bonds.", "Sibling __knowledge__ The emotional bond between siblings is often complicated and is influenced by factors such as parental treatment, birth order, personality, and personal experiences outside the family.", "Sibling __knowledge__ However, there are cases where siblings grow up in separate homes, in different environments.", "LGBT adoption in the United States __knowledge__ Prior to several rulings by the Supreme Court of the United States, adoption laws varied widely by state.", "LGBT adoption in the United States __knowledge__ Some states granted full adoption rights to same-sex couples, while others banned it entirely or only allowed the partner in a same-sex relationship to adopt the biological child of the other partner.", "LGBT adoption in the United States __knowledge__ On June 26, 2015, the Supreme Court struck down all bans on same-sex marriage in the United States.", "LGBT adoption in the United States __knowledge__ On March 31, 2016, a Federal District Court struck down Mississippi's ban on same-sex couples from adoption.", "LGBT adoption in the United States __knowledge__ On June 26, 2017, the Supreme Court reversed an Arkansas Supreme Court ruling and ordered all states to treat same-sex couples equally to opposite-sex couples in the issuance of birth certificates.", "Single parent __knowledge__ A single parent is a parent that parents alone without the other parent's support, meaning this particular parent is the only parent to the child, responsible for all financial, material, and emotional needs.", "Single parent __knowledge__ It means there is an absence of the other parent as opposed to a co-parent, meaning that the parent is not the only parent regardless of whether or not they are a couple.", "Single parent __knowledge__ Of course, this definition is loosely true.", "Single parent __knowledge__ There is no true definition of what \"single parent\" means and is more based on opinions.", "Single parent __knowledge__ Sometimes, one finds themselves in a single-parent family structure that has arisen due to death of the partner, intentional artificial insemination, or unplanned pregnancy.", "Earned income tax credit __knowledge__ The United States federal earned income tax credit or earned income credit (EITC or EIC) is a refundable tax credit for low- to moderate-income working individuals and couples, particularly those with children.", "Earned income tax credit __knowledge__ The amount of EITC benefit depends on a recipient’s income and number of children.", "Earned income tax credit __knowledge__ For a person or couple to claim one or more persons as their qualifying child, requirements such as relationship, age, and shared residency must be met.", "Earned income tax credit __knowledge__ In the 2013 tax year, working families, if they have children, with annual incomes below $37,870 to $51,567 (depending on the number of dependent children) may be eligible for the federal EITC.", "Rural poverty __knowledge__ Rural poverty refers to poverty found in rural areas, including factors of rural society, rural economy, and rural political systems that give rise to the poverty found there.", "Rural poverty __knowledge__ Rural poverty is often discussed in conjunction with spatial inequality, which in this context refers to the inequality between urban and rural areas.", "Rural poverty __knowledge__ Both rural poverty and spatial inequality are global phenomena, but like poverty in general, there are higher rates of rural poverty in developing countries than in developed countries.", "Rural poverty __knowledge__ Eradicating rural poverty through effective policies and economic growth remains a challenge for the international community The first target of the Millennium Development Goals was to decrease the extent of extreme poverty by one-half by the year 2015, which could not be achieved.", "African-American family structure __knowledge__ The family structure of African-Americans has long been a matter of national public policy interest.", "African-American family structure __knowledge__ A 1965 report by Daniel Patrick Moynihan, known as \"The \", examined the link between black poverty and family structure.", "African-American family structure __knowledge__ It hypothesized that the destruction of the Black nuclear family structure would hinder further progress toward economic and political equality.", "African-American family structure __knowledge__ When Moynihan wrote in 1965 on the coming destruction of the black family, the out-of-wedlock birthrate was 25 percent among blacks.", "African-American family structure __knowledge__ In 1991, 68 percent of black children were born outside of marriage.", "African-American family structure __knowledge__ In 2011, 72% of Black babies were born to unwed mothers.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes Maria Theresa Immaculata McQueen (also Owen, Fisher and Browning) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\", played by Jennifer Metcalfe.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ She debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 19 June 2006 as the first character to be introduced to the series by series producer, Bryan Kirkwood.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ In 2008 Metcalfe feared that the character was to be axed but was later reassured by the series producer that she would not be.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Metcalfe later stated her intention to stay with the series.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes is part of the McQueen family and is the longest serving McQueen on the series.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo." ] ]

[ 3, 33, 13 ]

[ "I'd like to think that I have a lot of parenting experience, not just my own children, but also other family members.", "It's definitely more challenging on your skills when you're a single parent, doing everything alone without the support of someone else.", "In a way, my mom was a legal foster parent when I was deployed once. I had to sign an in loco parentis power of attorney so she could make legal decisions in my place. She was ultimately responsible for my kids' care while I was away." ]

[ "Parenting", "Parenting", "Parenting" ]

[ "Xbox", "Yes I enjoy the Xbox too. It's fun playing live with other players on Xbox live.", "Wow, i can't believe it's been around that long.", "What are some of the most popular games?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Xbox __knowledge__ Xbox is a video gaming brand created and owned by Microsoft.", "Xbox __knowledge__ It represents a series of video game consoles developed by Microsoft, with three consoles released in the sixth, seventh and eighth generations respectively.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The brand also represents applications (games), streaming services, and an online service by the name of Xbox Live.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The brand was first introduced in the United States in November 2001, with the launch of the original Xbox console.", "Xbox __knowledge__ That original device was the first video game console offered by an American company after the Atari Jaguar stopped sales in 1996.", "Xbox __knowledge__ It reached over 24 million units sold as of May 2006.", "Xbox __knowledge__ Microsoft's second console, the Xbox 360, was released in 2005 and has sold over 77.2 million consoles worldwide as of April 2013.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The successor to the Xbox 360 and Microsoft's most recent console, the Xbox One, was revealed in May 2013.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The Xbox One has been released in 21 markets in total, with a Chinese release in September 2014.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The head of Xbox is Phil Spencer, who succeeded former head Marc Whitten in late March 2014.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The original Xbox was released on November 15, 2001, in North America, February 22, 2002, in Japan, and March 14, 2002, in Australia and Europe." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Xbox __knowledge__ Xbox is a video gaming brand created and owned by Microsoft.", "Xbox __knowledge__ It represents a series of video game consoles developed by Microsoft, with three consoles released in the sixth, seventh and eighth generations respectively.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The brand also represents applications (games), streaming services, and an online service by the name of Xbox Live.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The brand was first introduced in the United States in November 2001, with the launch of the original Xbox console.", "Xbox __knowledge__ That original device was the first video game console offered by an American company after the Atari Jaguar stopped sales in 1996.", "Xbox __knowledge__ It reached over 24 million units sold as of May 2006.", "Xbox __knowledge__ Microsoft's second console, the Xbox 360, was released in 2005 and has sold over 77.2 million consoles worldwide as of April 2013.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The successor to the Xbox 360 and Microsoft's most recent console, the Xbox One, was revealed in May 2013.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The Xbox One has been released in 21 markets in total, with a Chinese release in September 2014.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The head of Xbox is Phil Spencer, who succeeded former head Marc Whitten in late March 2014.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The original Xbox was released on November 15, 2001, in North America, February 22, 2002, in Japan, and March 14, 2002, in Australia and Europe.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ Xbox Live is an online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery service created and operated by Microsoft.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ It was first made available to the Xbox system in November 2002.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ An updated version of the service became available for the Xbox 360 console at the system's launch in November 2005, and a further enhanced version was released in 2013 with the Xbox One.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ The service was extended in 2007 on the Windows platform, named Games for Windows – Live, which makes most aspects of the system available on Windows computers.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ Microsoft has announced plans to extend Live to other platforms such as handhelds and mobile phones as part of the Live Anywhere initiative.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ As the successor to the original Xbox, it is the second console in the Xbox series.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ It competed with Sony's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12, 2005, with detailed launch and game information announced later that month at the 2005 E3 expo.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 features an online service, Xbox Live, which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console's lifetime.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ Available in free and subscription-based varieties, Xbox Live allows users to: play games online; download games (through Xbox Live Arcade) and game demos; purchase and stream music, television programs, and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video portals; and access third-party content services through media streaming applications.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Xbox One is a line of eighth generation home video game consoles developed by Microsoft.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Announced in May 2013, it is the successor to Xbox 360 and the third console in the Xbox family.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It was first released in North America, parts of Europe, Australia, and Brazil in November 2013, and in Japan, China, and other European countries in September 2014.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It is the first Xbox game console to be released in China, specifically in the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Microsoft marketed the device as an \"all-in-one entertainment system\".", "Xbox One __knowledge__ The Xbox One line mainly competes against consoles such as Sony's PlayStation 4 and Nintendo's Wii U and Switch.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ The Xbox is a home video game console and the first installment in the Xbox series of consoles manufactured by Microsoft.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ It was released on November 15, 2001 in North America, followed by Australia, Europe and Japan in 2002.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ It was Microsoft's first foray into the gaming console market.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ It is the part of sixth generation console, and competed with Sony's PlayStation 2 and Nintendo's GameCube.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ It was also the first console produced by an American company since the Atari Jaguar ceased production in 1996.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ Announced in 2000, the Xbox, graphically powerful compared to its rivals, featured a standard PC's 733 MHz Intel Pentium III processor.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 game console, developed by Microsoft, features a number of first-party and third-party accessories.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ Up to four controllers are able to connect to Xbox 360, including wired and wireless gamepads.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ The wireless controllers run on either AA batteries (Alkaline or rechargeable) or on a rechargeable battery pack.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ The wired controllers may be connected to any of the USB ports on the console (the number of ports depends on model: old-style 360s have two at the front and one on the rear, while Xbox 360 S units have two at the front and three at the rear), or to a USB hub.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ USB keyboards are also supported, but only for inputting text and navigating the dashboard; additionally, the number pad and hotkeys are non-functional.", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ Halo 4 is a first-person shooter video game developed by 343 Industries and published by Microsoft Studios for the Xbox 360 video game console.", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ The seventh video game installment in the \"Halo\" franchise, the game was released worldwide in November 2012.", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ \"Halo 4\"s story follows a cybernetically enhanced human supersoldier, Master Chief, and his artificial intelligence construct Cortana, as they encounter unknown threats while exploring an ancient civilization's planet.", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ The player assumes the role of Master Chief, who battles remnants of the former military alliance of alien races known as the Covenant and mechanical warriors of the Forerunner empire known as the Prometheans.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Xbox __knowledge__ Xbox is a video gaming brand created and owned by Microsoft.", "Xbox __knowledge__ It represents a series of video game consoles developed by Microsoft, with three consoles released in the sixth, seventh and eighth generations respectively.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The brand also represents applications (games), streaming services, and an online service by the name of Xbox Live.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The brand was first introduced in the United States in November 2001, with the launch of the original Xbox console.", "Xbox __knowledge__ That original device was the first video game console offered by an American company after the Atari Jaguar stopped sales in 1996.", "Xbox __knowledge__ It reached over 24 million units sold as of May 2006.", "Xbox __knowledge__ Microsoft's second console, the Xbox 360, was released in 2005 and has sold over 77.2 million consoles worldwide as of April 2013.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The successor to the Xbox 360 and Microsoft's most recent console, the Xbox One, was revealed in May 2013.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The Xbox One has been released in 21 markets in total, with a Chinese release in September 2014.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The head of Xbox is Phil Spencer, who succeeded former head Marc Whitten in late March 2014.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The original Xbox was released on November 15, 2001, in North America, February 22, 2002, in Japan, and March 14, 2002, in Australia and Europe.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Women for the Wall __knowledge__ The conservative Women for the Wall, sometimes abbreviated as W4W, is a grassroots organization founded in April 2013, concerned with preserving Jewish tradition at the Western Wall, also known as the Kotel.", "Women for the Wall __knowledge__ The catalyst for the founding of Women for the Wall was lack of representation for the stand of traditional Jewish women in the controversy surrounding an alternative prayer group known as Women of the Wall (WoW).", "Women for the Wall __knowledge__ In the months leading to the establishment of W4W, Women of the Wall demanded to hold their services in the traditional women's section, rather than the Robinson's Arch area of the Kotel, where alternative prayer services are held.", "WOW series __knowledge__ \"WOW\" is a series of annual compilation albums featuring contemporary Christian music dating from 1995.", "WOW series __knowledge__ Comprising songs submitted by each partner label, the annual \"WOW Hits\" releases are typically double CD sets.", "WOW series __knowledge__ The birth of the WOW record project can be traced Grant Cunningham, A&R Director at Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ In November 1994 Grant made a business trip to EMI Limited in London, which at the time was the parent company of Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ There he noticed that several British record labels were issuing an annual CD of top-rated songs, known as the \"NOW\" series, containing collections of pop songs.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ WOW - Women Of Wrestling, aka WOW!, is a women's professional wrestling promotion founded in 2000 by David McLane, previously the founder of Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ It is based in Los Angeles, California, and is owned by McLane and Los Angeles Lakers owner and president Jeanie Buss.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ The promotion launched a series of syndicated programs in the 2000-01 television seasons in 102 TV markets using a similar format of character driven performers, with names befitting a comic book series, such as Jungle Grrrl, an inmate tag-team complete with orange jump suits named Caged Heat, a Hollywood starlet named Lana Star, and the Persian Princess.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ Xbox Live is an online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery service created and operated by Microsoft.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ It was first made available to the Xbox system in November 2002.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ An updated version of the service became available for the Xbox 360 console at the system's launch in November 2005, and a further enhanced version was released in 2013 with the Xbox One.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ The service was extended in 2007 on the Windows platform, named Games for Windows – Live, which makes most aspects of the system available on Windows computers.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ Microsoft has announced plans to extend Live to other platforms such as handhelds and mobile phones as part of the Live Anywhere initiative.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Xbox One is a line of eighth generation home video game consoles developed by Microsoft.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Announced in May 2013, it is the successor to Xbox 360 and the third console in the Xbox family.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It was first released in North America, parts of Europe, Australia, and Brazil in November 2013, and in Japan, China, and other European countries in September 2014.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It is the first Xbox game console to be released in China, specifically in the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Microsoft marketed the device as an \"all-in-one entertainment system\".", "Xbox One __knowledge__ The Xbox One line mainly competes against consoles such as Sony's PlayStation 4 and Nintendo's Wii U and Switch.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ As the successor to the original Xbox, it is the second console in the Xbox series.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ It competed with Sony's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12, 2005, with detailed launch and game information announced later that month at the 2005 E3 expo.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 features an online service, Xbox Live, which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console's lifetime.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ Available in free and subscription-based varieties, Xbox Live allows users to: play games online; download games (through Xbox Live Arcade) and game demos; purchase and stream music, television programs, and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video portals; and access third-party content services through media streaming applications.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "List of Xbox games compatible with Xbox 360 __knowledge__ This is a list of Xbox games that are compatible with the console's successor, the Xbox 360.", "List of Xbox games compatible with Xbox 360 __knowledge__ Microsoft ceased adding titles to the list in November 2007, so the list is considered final.", "List of Xbox games compatible with Xbox 360 __knowledge__ As of April 2010, original Xbox games no longer can be played online via the Xbox Live service, as it was ended for the original Xbox console.", "List of Xbox games compatible with Xbox 360 __knowledge__ However, online multiplayer still is possible through third-party LAN Tunneling programs that manipulate System Link, such as XLink Kai.", "List of Xbox games compatible with Xbox 360 __knowledge__ Downloadable content for these titles is not available via Xbox Live.", "List of Xbox games compatible with Xbox 360 __knowledge__ This includes the Xbox Originals downloaded on the Xbox 360 and any Xbox game running on the Xbox 360.", "Xbox 360 system software __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 system software or the Xbox 360 Dashboard is the updateable software and operating system for the Xbox 360.", "Xbox 360 system software __knowledge__ It resides on a 16 MB file system and has access to a maximum of 32 MB of the system's memory.", "Xbox 360 system software __knowledge__ The updates can be downloaded from the Xbox Live service directly to the Xbox 360 and subsequently installed.", "Xbox 360 system software __knowledge__ Microsoft has also provided the ability to download system software updates from their respective official Xbox website to their PCs and then storage media, from which the update can be installed to the system.", "Xbox 360 system software __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 game system allows users to download applications that add to the functionality of the dashboard." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Xbox __knowledge__ Xbox is a video gaming brand created and owned by Microsoft.", "Xbox __knowledge__ It represents a series of video game consoles developed by Microsoft, with three consoles released in the sixth, seventh and eighth generations respectively.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The brand also represents applications (games), streaming services, and an online service by the name of Xbox Live.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The brand was first introduced in the United States in November 2001, with the launch of the original Xbox console.", "Xbox __knowledge__ That original device was the first video game console offered by an American company after the Atari Jaguar stopped sales in 1996.", "Xbox __knowledge__ It reached over 24 million units sold as of May 2006.", "Xbox __knowledge__ Microsoft's second console, the Xbox 360, was released in 2005 and has sold over 77.2 million consoles worldwide as of April 2013.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The successor to the Xbox 360 and Microsoft's most recent console, the Xbox One, was revealed in May 2013.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The Xbox One has been released in 21 markets in total, with a Chinese release in September 2014.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The head of Xbox is Phil Spencer, who succeeded former head Marc Whitten in late March 2014.", "Xbox __knowledge__ The original Xbox was released on November 15, 2001, in North America, February 22, 2002, in Japan, and March 14, 2002, in Australia and Europe.", "MPlayer.com __knowledge__ Mplayer, referred to as Mplayer.com by 1998, was a free online PC gaming service and community that operated from late 1996 until early 2001.", "MPlayer.com __knowledge__ The service at its peak was host to a community of more than 20 million visitors each month and offered more than 100 games.", "MPlayer.com __knowledge__ Some of the more popular titles available were action games like \"Quake\", \"Command & Conquer\", and \"\", as well as classic card and board for more casual gamers.", "MPlayer.com __knowledge__ Servers and matchmaking was provided through a proprietary client.", "MPlayer.com __knowledge__ Initially, the service was subscription-based, but by early 1997, they became the first major multiplayer community to offer games to be played online through their network for free.", "Zynga __knowledge__ Zynga Inc. is an American video game developer running social video game services founded in April 2007 and headquartered in San Francisco, California, United States.", "Zynga __knowledge__ The company develops social games that work stand-alone on mobile phone platforms such as Apple iOS, Android, Windows Phone and on the Internet through its website, Zynga.com, and social networking websites such as Facebook, Google+, and Tencent QQ.", "Zynga __knowledge__ Zynga states its mission as \"connecting the world through games.\"", "Zynga __knowledge__ The company was named in honor of Zinga, CEO Mark Pincus' deceased American bulldog.", "Zynga __knowledge__ Zynga launched its best-known game, \"FarmVille\", on Facebook in June 2009, reaching 10 million daily active users (DAU) within six weeks.", "History of games __knowledge__ The history of games dates to the ancient human past.", "History of games __knowledge__ Games are an integral part of all cultures and are one of the oldest forms of human social interaction.", "History of games __knowledge__ Games are formalized expressions of play which allow people to go beyond immediate imagination and direct physical activity.", "History of games __knowledge__ Common features of games include uncertainty of outcome, agreed upon rules, competition, separate place and time, elements of fiction, elements of chance, prescribed goals and personal enjoyment.", "History of games __knowledge__ Games capture the ideas and worldviews of their cultures and pass them on to the future generation.", "History of games __knowledge__ Games were important as cultural and social bonding events, as teaching tools and as markers of social status.", "Golden age of arcade video games __knowledge__ The golden age of arcade video games was the era of greatest popularity and technological innovation for arcade video games.", "Golden age of arcade video games __knowledge__ The exact time period is disputed, but key moments include the release of \"Space Invaders\" in 1978 and the introduction of vector display technology in 1979.", "Golden age of arcade video games __knowledge__ Although the exact years differ, all timelines overlap in the early 1980s.", "Golden age of arcade video games __knowledge__ Technology journalist Jason Whittaker, in \"The Cyberspace Handbook\", places the beginning of the golden age in 1978, with the release of \"Space Invaders\".", "Golden age of arcade video games __knowledge__ Video game journalist Steven L. Kent, in his book \"The Ultimate History of Video Games\", places it at 1979 to 1983.", "Mac gaming __knowledge__ Mac gaming refers to use of video games on Macintosh personal computers.", "Mac gaming __knowledge__ In the 1990s, Apple computers did not attract the same level of video game development as Windows computers due to the high popularity of Windows and, for 3D gaming, Microsoft's DirectX technology.", "Mac gaming __knowledge__ In recent years, the introduction of Mac OS X and support for Intel processors has eased porting of many games, including 3D games through use of OpenGL and more recently Apple's own Metal API.", "Mac gaming __knowledge__ Virtualization technology and Boot Camp also permit the use of Windows and its games on Macintosh computers.", "Mac gaming __knowledge__ Today, a growing number of popular games run natively on MacOS, though as of early 2018, a majority still require the use of Windows.", "Gender representation in video games __knowledge__ The portrayal of men and women in video games, as in other media, is a subject of research in gender studies and is discussed in the context of sexism in video gaming.", "Gender representation in video games __knowledge__ Although women make up about half of video game players, they are significantly underrepresented as characters in mainstream games, despite the prominence of iconic heroines such as Samus Aran or Lara Croft.", "Gender representation in video games __knowledge__ The portrayal of women in games often reflects traditional gender roles, sexual objectification or negative stereotypes, such as that of the \"damsel in distress\".", "Gender representation in video games __knowledge__ Male characters are often stereotypically depicted as big and muscular, and LGBT characters have been slow to appear in video games as a result of the heteronormativity of the medium.", "Social-network game __knowledge__ A social-network game is a type of online game that is played through social networks.", "Social-network game __knowledge__ They typically feature multiplayer gameplay mechanics.", "Social-network game __knowledge__ Social-network games were originally implemented as browser games.", "Social-network game __knowledge__ As mobile gaming took off, the games moved to mobile as well.", "Social-network game __knowledge__ While they share many aspects of traditional video games, social-network games often employ additional ones that make them distinct.", "Social-network game __knowledge__ Traditionally they are oriented to be casual games.", "Social-network game __knowledge__ The first cross-platform \"Facebook-to-Mobile\" social-network game was developed in 2011 by a Finnish company Star Arcade.", "Social-network game __knowledge__ Social-network games are amongst the most popular games played in the world, with several products with tens of millions of players.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Xbox One is a line of eighth generation home video game consoles developed by Microsoft.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Announced in May 2013, it is the successor to Xbox 360 and the third console in the Xbox family.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It was first released in North America, parts of Europe, Australia, and Brazil in November 2013, and in Japan, China, and other European countries in September 2014.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It is the first Xbox game console to be released in China, specifically in the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Microsoft marketed the device as an \"all-in-one entertainment system\".", "Xbox One __knowledge__ The Xbox One line mainly competes against consoles such as Sony's PlayStation 4 and Nintendo's Wii U and Switch.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ As the successor to the original Xbox, it is the second console in the Xbox series.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ It competed with Sony's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12, 2005, with detailed launch and game information announced later that month at the 2005 E3 expo.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 features an online service, Xbox Live, which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console's lifetime.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ Available in free and subscription-based varieties, Xbox Live allows users to: play games online; download games (through Xbox Live Arcade) and game demos; purchase and stream music, television programs, and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video portals; and access third-party content services through media streaming applications.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ Xbox Live is an online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery service created and operated by Microsoft.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ It was first made available to the Xbox system in November 2002.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ An updated version of the service became available for the Xbox 360 console at the system's launch in November 2005, and a further enhanced version was released in 2013 with the Xbox One.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ The service was extended in 2007 on the Windows platform, named Games for Windows – Live, which makes most aspects of the system available on Windows computers.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ Microsoft has announced plans to extend Live to other platforms such as handhelds and mobile phones as part of the Live Anywhere initiative.", "Xbox (console) special limited editions __knowledge__ The Microsoft Xbox was released in many editions other than its famous green and black color.", "Xbox (console) special limited editions __knowledge__ This article covers special editions produced by Microsoft as well as other notable rare Xbox consoles customized by other companies for promotions.", "Xbox (console) special limited editions __knowledge__ 2001 Launch Team Edition Retail Price: Not For Sale Units produced: ~1000 The Xbox Launch Team 2001 Special Edition is a translucent green Xbox with a jewel that is silk screened with the message \"Great work!\"", "Xbox (console) special limited editions __knowledge__ and a copy of a printed signature from Bill Gates.", "Xbox (console) special limited editions __knowledge__ The words \"Special Edition\" are printed on the front right of the console.", "Xbox (console) special limited editions __knowledge__ This Xbox was sold, not given, to members of the Xbox launch team including Hardware, ATG, Dev, First Party Games and Games Studios, Marketing, and others.", "Kinect __knowledge__ Kinect (codenamed Project Natal during development) is a line of motion sensing input devices that was produced by Microsoft for Xbox 360 and Xbox One video game consoles and Microsoft Windows PCs.", "Kinect __knowledge__ Based around a webcam-style add-on peripheral, it enables users to control and interact with their console/computer without the need for a game controller, through a natural user interface using gestures and spoken commands.", "Kinect __knowledge__ The first-generation Kinect was first introduced in November 2010 in an attempt to broaden Xbox 360's audience beyond its typical gamer base.", "Kinect __knowledge__ A version for Microsoft Windows was released on February 1, 2012." ] ]

[ 1, 13, 4, 0 ]

[ "I love the xbox, The Xbox is a brand that was created and is owned by microsoft. ", "Yes I also love xbox live, It was actually first made public on the original Xbox in November of 2002. ", "Yep, The Xbox brand was first introduced in the US in November of 2001 along the launch of the original Xbox console. ", "Some of the most popular Xbox games were the Forza series and of course the Halo franchise." ]

[ "Xbox", "Xbox", "Xbox", "Xbox" ]

[ "Ford F-Series", "Since Ford introduced the F-Series back in 1948, these pickups have been leading", "There are hundreds of different car models sold by dozens of automotive" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series is a series of light-duty trucks and medium-duty trucks (Class 2-7) that have been marketed and manufactured by Ford Motor Company since 1948.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ While most variants of the F-Series trucks are full-size pickup trucks, the F-Series also includes chassis cab trucks and commercial vehicles.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series has been the best-selling vehicle in the United States since 1981 and the best-selling pickup since 1977.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ It is also the best selling vehicle in Canada.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ In 1999, to bridge the gap between the pickup line and the medium-duty trucks, the F-250 and F-350 became the Ford Super Duty vehicles; considered an expansion of the F-Series, the Super Duty trucks are built on a distinct chassis with heavier-duty components.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ As of the 2017 model year, the F-Series includes the F-150, the Super Duty (F-250 through F-550), and F-650 and F-750 Super Duty medium-duty commercial trucks.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The most popular version of the F-Series is the F-150, now in its thirteenth generation.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ Through the use of rebadging, Ford has marketed the F-Series through all three Ford divisions in North America.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ From 1946 to 1968, Mercury sold the Mercury M-Series in Canada; during the 2000s, Lincoln sold the Lincoln Blackwood, replaced by the Lincoln Mark LT." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series is a series of light-duty trucks and medium-duty trucks (Class 2-7) that have been marketed and manufactured by Ford Motor Company since 1948.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ While most variants of the F-Series trucks are full-size pickup trucks, the F-Series also includes chassis cab trucks and commercial vehicles.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series has been the best-selling vehicle in the United States since 1981 and the best-selling pickup since 1977.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ It is also the best selling vehicle in Canada.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ In 1999, to bridge the gap between the pickup line and the medium-duty trucks, the F-250 and F-350 became the Ford Super Duty vehicles; considered an expansion of the F-Series, the Super Duty trucks are built on a distinct chassis with heavier-duty components.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ As of the 2017 model year, the F-Series includes the F-150, the Super Duty (F-250 through F-550), and F-650 and F-750 Super Duty medium-duty commercial trucks.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The most popular version of the F-Series is the F-150, now in its thirteenth generation.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ Through the use of rebadging, Ford has marketed the F-Series through all three Ford divisions in North America.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ From 1946 to 1968, Mercury sold the Mercury M-Series in Canada; during the 2000s, Lincoln sold the Lincoln Blackwood, replaced by the Lincoln Mark LT.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The Ford Motor Company (commonly referred to simply as \"Ford\") is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer, Troller, and Australian performance car manufacturer FPV.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ In the past, it has also produced tractors and automotive components.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford owns an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and a 49% stake in Jiangling of China.", "Ford E-Series __knowledge__ The Ford E-Series (also known as the Ford Econoline and Ford Club Wagon throughout various stages of its production) is a range of full-size vans produced by the American automaker Ford since 1960.", "Ford E-Series __knowledge__ Introduced for the 1961 model year as the replacement for the Ford F-Series panel van, four generations of the model line have been produced.", "Ford E-Series __knowledge__ In addition to cargo van and passenger van body styles, the Ford E-Series has been produced as a cutaway van chassis and stripped chassis (a chassis without bodywork).", "Ford E-Series __knowledge__ With a 56-year production run, the Ford E-Series is the second longest-produced nameplate by Ford worldwide; only the Ford F-Series (1948–present) has been produced longer.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series Super Duty (often shortened to Ford Super Duty) is a series of trucks manufactured by Ford Motor Company.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ Introduced in 1998 for the 1999 model year, the F-Series Super Duty trucks marked the addition of a heavy-duty pickup to the Ford F-Series range, including the F-250 and F-350 pickups; the previous 1987–1997 F-Super Duty chassis cabs were replaced by the F-450 and F-550 Super Duty.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ Distinguished from the F-150 by its separate bodywork, the Super Duty trucks utilize a distinct chassis from the F-150 with heavier-duty chassis and suspension components to allow for higher payload and towing capacities; additionally, the product line continued the use of Ford PowerStroke diesel engines.", "Full-size Ford __knowledge__ Full-size Ford is the popular term for a long-running line of Ford vehicles which have been produced in North America with a large degree of similarity since the Model T in 1908, up to the Crown Victoria, which ceased production in late 2011.", "Full-size Ford __knowledge__ The term full-size does not necessarily indicate it was large relative to its competitors, but that it was the largest and most complete model offered by Ford.", "Full-size Ford __knowledge__ The Model T's 134-inch overall length makes it substantially shorter than a current-generation Fiesta hatchback (160.1\" OAL).", "Full-size Ford __knowledge__ American automobiles in the early years were usually only identified by make and year (such as a 1952 Ford).", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ The Ford Ranger is a compact pickup truck that was manufactured and marketed by Ford Motor Company from 1983 to 2012 model years for North America; from 1997 to 2011, a version was also manufactured and sold in South America.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ Introduced to replace the Ford Courier produced in Japan by Mazda, the Ranger was produced in two distinct generations.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ While introduced a year after the Chevrolet S-10, the Ranger would go on to become the best-selling compact truck in the United States from 1987 to 2004.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ Over its production life, the chassis and underpinnings of the Ranger would be used for various compact Ford trucks, most commonly as sport-utility vehicles.", "Ford Falcon (Australia) __knowledge__ The Ford Falcon was a full-sized car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company of Australia from 1960 to 2016.", "Ford Falcon (Australia) __knowledge__ From the XA series of 1972 onward, each Falcon and range of derivates have been designed, developed, and built in Australia, following the phasing out of the American-influenced Falcon of 1960 to 1971, which had been re-engineered locally as the XK to XY series for the harsher Australian conditions.", "Ford Falcon (Australia) __knowledge__ The luxury-oriented Ford Fairmont model joined the range from 1965.", "Ford Falcon (Australia) __knowledge__ Luxury long-wheelbase derivative versions called the Ford Fairlane and LTD arrived in 1967 and 1973, respectively (with production ending in 2007).", "Ford Bronco __knowledge__ The Ford Bronco is a multi-purpose vehicle (MPV, predating the term SUV) manufactured and marketed by Ford from 1966 to 1996, over five generations of vehicles.", "Ford Bronco __knowledge__ Ford has described plans to reintroduce the Bronco in 2020.", "Ford Bronco __knowledge__ The Bronco was introduced in 1966 as a competitor to the small four-wheel-drive compact SUVs that included the Jeep CJ-5 and International Harvester Scout; it was built on its own platform.", "Ford Bronco __knowledge__ A major redesign in 1978 enlarged the Bronco, using a shortened Ford F-Series truck chassis to compete with the similarly adapted Chevy K5 Blazer and the Dodge Ramcharger.", "Ford Bronco __knowledge__ Most Broncos are equipped with a swing-away spare tire carrier on the outside of the rear door.", "Ford B-Series __knowledge__ The Ford B-Series is a bus chassis that was manufactured by the Ford Motor Company from 1948 to 1998.", "Ford B-Series __knowledge__ Derived from the medium-duty variants of the Ford F-Series, the B-Series were produced as a cowled chassis; the design was a bare chassis aft of the firewall.", "Ford B-Series __knowledge__ While primarily used for school bus applications in the United States and Canada, the chassis was exported worldwide for to construct a wide variety of bus bodies.", "Ford B-Series __knowledge__ Prior to 1969, Lincoln-Mercury dealers in Canada marketed the B-Series as part of the Mercury M-Series truck line.", "Ford B-Series __knowledge__ At the time, rural communities in Canada were serviced by either the Ford or the Lincoln-Mercury dealer network, but not both networks concurrently.", "Mercury (automobile) __knowledge__ Mercury is a defunct division of the American automobile manufacturer Ford Motor Company.", "Mercury (automobile) __knowledge__ Marketed as an entry-level premium brand for nearly its entire existence, Mercury was created in 1938 by Edsel Ford.", "Mercury (automobile) __knowledge__ Forming half of the Lincoln-Mercury Division, the brand was intended to bridge the price gap between the Ford and Lincoln vehicle lines.", "Mercury (automobile) __knowledge__ In a similar context, Buick and Oldsmobile played the same role within General Motors while the Chrysler Division did so within Chrysler Corporation (following the end of DeSoto and the creation of Imperial).", "Mercury (automobile) __knowledge__ Although the initial Mercury Eight was a distinct design, for much of the existence of the division, Ford would rely on common underpinnings (from Ford or Lincoln, or both) to save on development costs." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series is a series of light-duty trucks and medium-duty trucks (Class 2-7) that have been marketed and manufactured by Ford Motor Company since 1948.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ While most variants of the F-Series trucks are full-size pickup trucks, the F-Series also includes chassis cab trucks and commercial vehicles.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series has been the best-selling vehicle in the United States since 1981 and the best-selling pickup since 1977.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ It is also the best selling vehicle in Canada.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ In 1999, to bridge the gap between the pickup line and the medium-duty trucks, the F-250 and F-350 became the Ford Super Duty vehicles; considered an expansion of the F-Series, the Super Duty trucks are built on a distinct chassis with heavier-duty components.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ As of the 2017 model year, the F-Series includes the F-150, the Super Duty (F-250 through F-550), and F-650 and F-750 Super Duty medium-duty commercial trucks.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The most popular version of the F-Series is the F-150, now in its thirteenth generation.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ Through the use of rebadging, Ford has marketed the F-Series through all three Ford divisions in North America.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ From 1946 to 1968, Mercury sold the Mercury M-Series in Canada; during the 2000s, Lincoln sold the Lincoln Blackwood, replaced by the Lincoln Mark LT.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Toyota is the world's market leader in sales of hybrid electric vehicles, and one of the largest companies to encourage the mass-market adoption of hybrid vehicles across the globe.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Cumulative global sales of Toyota and Lexus hybrid passenger car models achieved the 10 million milestone in January 2017.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Its Prius family is the world's top selling hybrid nameplate with over 6 million units sold worldwide .", "Toyota __knowledge__ The company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937, as a spinoff from his father's company Toyota Industries to create automobiles.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Three years earlier, in 1934, while still a department of Toyota Industries, it created its first product, the Type A engine, and its first passenger car in 1936, the Toyota AA.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ This article provides an overview of the automotive industry in countries around the world.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ The United States was the world's largest automobile producer by volume from the early years of the 20th century until the 1980s, when it was overtaken by Japan.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ In 2009, China became the world's largest vehicle producer.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ Algeria's automotive industry is among the largest on the African continent (together with South Africa, Egypt and Morocco) and can exceed 500,000 units a year.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ Renault is the largest manufacturer with an estimated 25.5 percent of the national car market.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ Other carmakers represented there include Volkswagen (second largest), Peugeot, Hyundai (fifth largest), Nissan, and Fiat.", "Headlamp __knowledge__ A headlamp is a lamp attached to the front of a vehicle to light the road ahead.", "Headlamp __knowledge__ While it is common for the term headlight to be used interchangeably in informal discussion, \"headlamp\" is the term for the device itself, while \"headlight\" properly refers to the beam of light produced and distributed by the device.", "Headlamp __knowledge__ Headlamp performance has steadily improved throughout the automobile age, spurred by the great disparity between daytime and nighttime traffic fatalities: the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration states that nearly half of all traffic-related fatalities occur in the dark, despite only 25% of traffic travelling during darkness.", "Model car __knowledge__ A model vehicle or toy vehicle is a miniature representation of an automobile.", "Model car __knowledge__ Other miniature motor vehicles, such as trucks, buses, or even ATVs, etc.", "Model car __knowledge__ are often included in this general category.", "Model car __knowledge__ Because many miniature vehicles were originally aimed at children as playthings, there is no precise difference between a model car and a toy car, yet the word 'model' implies either assembly required or the accurate rendering of an actual vehicle at smaller scale.", "Model car __knowledge__ The kit building hobby became popular through the 1950s, while the collecting of miniatures by adults started to pick up momentum around 1970.", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ A plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) is any motor vehicle that can be recharged from an external source of electricity, such as wall sockets, and the electricity stored in the rechargeable battery packs drives or contributes to drive the wheels.", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ PEV is a subset of electric vehicles that includes all-electric or battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs), and electric vehicle conversions of hybrid electric vehicles and conventional internal combustion engine vehicles.", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ In China, plug-in electric vehicles are called new energy vehicles (NEVs).", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ Plug-in cars have several benefits compared to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles.", "Ford Piquette Avenue Plant __knowledge__ The Ford Piquette Avenue Plant is a museum and former factory located within the Milwaukee Junction area of Detroit, Michigan, in the United States.", "Ford Piquette Avenue Plant __knowledge__ Built in 1904, it was the second center of automobile production for the Ford Motor Company.", "Ford Piquette Avenue Plant __knowledge__ The company assembled several car models at this factory, including the Ford Model T, which was created there and first produced there starting in 1908.", "Ford Piquette Avenue Plant __knowledge__ Early experiments using a moving assembly line to make cars were also conducted there.", "Ford Piquette Avenue Plant __knowledge__ It was also the first factory where more than 100 cars were assembled in one day.", "Ford Piquette Avenue Plant __knowledge__ While it was based at the Piquette Avenue Plant, Ford Motor Company became the biggest US-based automaker, and it would remain so until the mid-1920s.", "Matchbox (brand) __knowledge__ Matchbox is a popular toy brand which was introduced by Lesney Products in 1953, and is now owned by Mattel, Inc.", "Matchbox (brand) __knowledge__ The brand was given its name because the original die-cast Matchbox toys were sold in boxes similar in style and size to those in which matches were sold.", "Matchbox (brand) __knowledge__ Subsequently, the brand would encompass a broad range of toys including larger scale die-cast models and various other lines of toys, such as plastic model kits and action figures.", "Matchbox (brand) __knowledge__ During the 1980s, Matchbox began to switch to the more conventional plastic and cardboard \"blister packs\", that were used by other die-cast toy brands such as Hot Wheels.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) system with an electric propulsion system (hybrid vehicle drivetrain).", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ The presence of the electric powertrain is intended to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle or better performance.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ There is a variety of HEV types, and the degree to which each functions as an electric vehicle (EV) also varies.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ The most common form of HEV is the hybrid electric car, although hybrid electric trucks (pickups and tractors) and buses also exist.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ Modern HEVs make use of efficiency-improving technologies such as regenerative brakes which convert the vehicle's kinetic energy to electric energy to charge the battery.", "Toyota Prius __knowledge__ The Toyota Prius () is a full hybrid electric automobile developed by Toyota and manufactured by the company since 1997.", "Toyota Prius __knowledge__ Initially offered as a 4-door sedan, it has been produced only as a 5-door liftback from 2003 to 2015, and then a 5-door fastback since 2016.", "Toyota Prius __knowledge__ The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and California Air Resources Board (CARB) rate the Prius as among the cleanest vehicles sold in the United States based on smog-forming emissions.", "Toyota Prius __knowledge__ The 2018 model year Prius Eco ranks as the second most fuel efficient gasoline-powered car available in the US without plug-in capability, following the Hyundai Ioniq Blue.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The Ford Motor Company (commonly referred to simply as \"Ford\") is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer, Troller, and Australian performance car manufacturer FPV.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ In the past, it has also produced tractors and automotive components.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford owns an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and a 49% stake in Jiangling of China.", "Hybrid electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ The fleet of hybrid electric vehicles in the United States, with over 4 million units sold through April 2016, is the second largest in the world after Japan (over 5 million).", "Hybrid electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ American sales of hybrid electric vehicles represent about 36% of the more than 11 million hybrid sold worldwide through April 2016.", "Hybrid electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ Since their inception in 1999, a total of 4,058,258 hybrid electric automobiles and sport utility vehicles have been sold in the country through May 2016.", "Hybrid electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ Sales of hybrid vehicles in the U.S. began to decline following the financial crisis of 2007–08, and after a short recovery, began to decline again in 2014 due to low gasoline prices.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ The Ford Ranger is a compact pickup truck that was manufactured and marketed by Ford Motor Company from 1983 to 2012 model years for North America; from 1997 to 2011, a version was also manufactured and sold in South America.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ Introduced to replace the Ford Courier produced in Japan by Mazda, the Ranger was produced in two distinct generations.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ While introduced a year after the Chevrolet S-10, the Ranger would go on to become the best-selling compact truck in the United States from 1987 to 2004.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ Over its production life, the chassis and underpinnings of the Ranger would be used for various compact Ford trucks, most commonly as sport-utility vehicles.", "Suzuki Carry __knowledge__ The Suzuki Carry is a kei truck produced by the Japanese automaker Suzuki.", "Suzuki Carry __knowledge__ The microvan version was originally called the Carry van until 1982 when the van was renamed as the Suzuki Every ().", "Suzuki Carry __knowledge__ In Japan, the Carry and Every are \"Kei cars\" but the Suzuki Every Plus, the bigger version of Every, had a longer bonnet for safety purposes and a larger 1.3-liter 86 hp (63 kW) four-cylinder engine.", "Suzuki Carry __knowledge__ They have been sold under a myriad different names in several countries, and was the only car offered with Chevrolet and Ford and Chrysler badges.", "Suzuki Carry __knowledge__ In their home market, the Carry truck and van (and Every van) compete with a number of similarly sized vehicles, such as the Kurogane Baby, Honda Acty, Subaru Sambar, Mitsubishi Minicab, and the Daihatsu Hijet." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 4 ]

[ "I want to get a Ford F-Series truck. They have been made by Ford since 1948.", "Yeah they are the best-selling vehicle in USA since 1981 and best-selling pickup since 1977. Impressive.", "They are also the best selling vehicle up in Canada." ]

[ "Ford F-Series", "Ford F-Series", "Ford F-Series" ]

[ "Veganism", "Why did you become a vegan?", "What kinds of foods do vegans eat?", "Interesting do you also drink milk?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Another term is \"environmental veganism\", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease, including heart disease.", "Veganism __knowledge__ They are regarded as appropriate for all stages of life including during infancy and pregnancy by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the British Dietetic Association.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The German Society for Nutrition does not recommend vegan diets for children, adolescents nor during pregnancy and breastfeeding." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Another term is \"environmental veganism\", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease, including heart disease.", "Veganism __knowledge__ They are regarded as appropriate for all stages of life including during infancy and pregnancy by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the British Dietetic Association.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The German Society for Nutrition does not recommend vegan diets for children, adolescents nor during pregnancy and breastfeeding.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ This is a list of vegetarian and vegan festivals, held in numerous locations around the globe to promote veganism and/or vegetarianism among the public and support and link individuals and organizations that practice, promote or endorse veganism or vegetarianism.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Many of them are also food festivals and/or music festivals and can also contain edutainment.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Vegfest 2015 was organized by the Vegetarian Association of Ghana.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Hong Kong Vegfest started in 2013 organized by the Hong Kong Vegan Association.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ The festival organisers stipulate only vegan products be offered at the event by vendors.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Admission is free to attendees.", "American Vegan Society __knowledge__ The American Vegan Society (AVS) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that promotes veganism in the United States.", "American Vegan Society __knowledge__ AVS was founded by 1960 by H. Jay Dinshah.", "American Vegan Society __knowledge__ The date of the earlier The Vegan Society (UK)'s founding, November 1, is now celebrated annually as World Vegan Day.", "American Vegan Society __knowledge__ Prior to broad and widely-accessible search capabilities of the Internet, the American Vegan Society published networking and business resources which supported vegan lifestyle.", "American Vegan Society __knowledge__ H. Jay Dinshah founded the American Vegan Society early in 1960 and later that year (August) married the English-born Freya Smith.", "American Vegan Society __knowledge__ Freya, whose parents were active in The Vegan Society (of England), contributed to the early growth of the American Vegan Society and is president of the American Vegan Society today.", "Victoria Moran __knowledge__ Victoria Moran is an American author and speaker.", "Victoria Moran __knowledge__ She has written a number of books specializing in both spirituality and veganism.", "Victoria Moran __knowledge__ Moran hosts the \"Main Street Vegan\" radio show and podcast on \"Unity Online Radio\".", "Victoria Moran __knowledge__ She started her career as a freelance magazine writer and has gone on to publish a number of best-selling vegan books, starting in 1985 with \"Compassion the Ultimate Ethic\", which was based on her undergraduate college thesis.", "Victoria Moran __knowledge__ Her 2012 book, \"Main Street Vegan\", is the basis of her company and outreach, including the Main Street Vegan podcast, Main Street Vegan Academy, and Main Street Vegan Productions.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ Vegan nutrition refers to the nutritional aspects of vegan diets – diets which include no animal products.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ While a well-planned, balanced vegan diet is suitable to meet all recommendations for nutrients in every stage of life, improperly-planned vegan diets may be deficient in vitamin B, vitamin D, calcium, iodine, iron, zinc, riboflavin (vitamin B), long-chain fatty acids EPA and DHA, and omega-3 fatty acids.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ Doctors Dean Ornish, T. Colin Campbell, John A. McDougall, Michael Klaper, Caldwell Esselstyn, Michael Greger, Joel Fuhrman, and Neal D. Barnard claim that high animal fat and protein diets, such as the standard American diet, are detrimental to health.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "Vegan Awareness Foundation __knowledge__ The Vegan Awareness Foundation, also known as Vegan Action, is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization (FIN# 94-3224024) in Virginia, United States and founded in 1995.", "Vegan Awareness Foundation __knowledge__ Dedicated to helping animals, the environment, and human health by educating the public about the benefits of a vegan lifestyle and encouraging the spread of vegan food options through public outreach campaigns.", "Vegan Awareness Foundation __knowledge__ One of the goals of Vegan Action is to create growth in the vegan marketplace and increase the availability of vegan products.", "Vegan Awareness Foundation __knowledge__ They have introduced a logo to certify vegan products, vegan food options into schools nationwide, and ideas behind veganism.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ Animal (De)liberation: Should the Consumption of Animal Products Be Banned?", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ is a 2016 book, written by Jan Deckers and published by Ubiquity Press.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ The book engages with the work of many scholars who have written on the subject, including Carol Adams, Alasdair Cochrane, Gary Francione, Melanie Joy, Martha Nussbaum, and Peter Singer, as well as with the views of non-specialists, including slaughterhouse workers involved with the film \"Slaughterhouse: The Task of Blood\", released by Century Films in 2005.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ The key question dealt with in the book is whether the consumption of products derived from the bodies of animals should be banned.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ Like the human practice of veganism, vegan dog foods are those formulated with the exclusion of ingredients that contain or were processed with any part of an animal, or any animal byproduct.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ Vegan dog food may incorporate the use of fruits, vegetables, cereals, legumes, nuts, vegetable oils, soya, as well as any other non-animal based foods.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ The omnivorous domestic canine has evolved to metabolize carbohydrates and thrive on a diet lower in protein, and therefore, a vegan diet may be substantial if properly formulated and balanced.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be defined as the practice of consuming foods that are primarily derived from plants, with or without dairy products, eggs, and/or honey.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Christian vegetarianism is a Christian practice based on effecting the compassionate teachings of Jesus, the twelve apostles, and the early church to all sentient or living beings through vegetarianism or, ideally, veganism.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Alternatively, Christians may be vegetarian for ethical, environmental, nutritional, or other spiritual reasons.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Various church founders have recommended vegetarianism, such as William Cowherd from the Bible Christian Church and Ellen G. White from the Seventh-day Adventists.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Cowherd, who founded the Bible Christian Church in 1809, helped to establish the world's first Vegetarian Society in 1847.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is an activist and academic movement which states that all types of oppression are linked and must be eradicated, with a focus on including the domination of humans over nonhuman animals.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Through the feminist concept known as intersectionality, it is recognized that sexism, racism, classism, and other forms of inter human oppression are all connected.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism aims to include the domination of not only the environment but also of nonhuman animals to the list.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is part of the academic and philosophical field of ecofeminism, which states that the ways in which the privileged dominates the oppressed should include the way humans dominate nature." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Another term is \"environmental veganism\", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease, including heart disease.", "Veganism __knowledge__ They are regarded as appropriate for all stages of life including during infancy and pregnancy by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the British Dietetic Association.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The German Society for Nutrition does not recommend vegan diets for children, adolescents nor during pregnancy and breastfeeding.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ Vegan nutrition refers to the nutritional aspects of vegan diets – diets which include no animal products.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ While a well-planned, balanced vegan diet is suitable to meet all recommendations for nutrients in every stage of life, improperly-planned vegan diets may be deficient in vitamin B, vitamin D, calcium, iodine, iron, zinc, riboflavin (vitamin B), long-chain fatty acids EPA and DHA, and omega-3 fatty acids.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ Doctors Dean Ornish, T. Colin Campbell, John A. McDougall, Michael Klaper, Caldwell Esselstyn, Michael Greger, Joel Fuhrman, and Neal D. Barnard claim that high animal fat and protein diets, such as the standard American diet, are detrimental to health.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Some people abstain from consuming various foods and beverages in conformity with various religious, cultural, legal or other societal prohibitions.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Many of these prohibitions constitute taboos.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Many food taboos and other prohibitions forbid the meat of a particular animal, including mammals, rodents, reptiles, amphibians, fish, molluscs, crustaceans and insects, which may relate to a disgust response being more often associated with meats than plant-based foods.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Some prohibitions are specific to a particular part or excretion of an animal, while others forgo the consumption of plants or fungi.", "Nutritional neuroscience __knowledge__ Nutritional neuroscience is the scientific discipline that studies the effects various components of the diet such as minerals, vitamins, protein, carbohydrates, fats, dietary supplements, synthetic hormones, and food additives have on neurochemistry, neurobiology, behavior, and cognition.", "Nutritional neuroscience __knowledge__ Recent research on nutritional mechanisms and their effect on the brain show they are involved in almost every facet of neurological functioning including alterations in neurogenesis, neurotrophic factors, neural pathways and neuroplasticity, throughout the life cycle.", "Nutritional neuroscience __knowledge__ Relatively speaking, the brain consumes an immense amount of energy in comparison to the rest of the body.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religions that originated in ancient India (Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism).", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ In Jainism, vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, it is advocated by some influential scriptures and religious authorities.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Comparatively, in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the Bahá'í Faith and Dharmic religions such as Sikhism, vegetarianism is not promoted by mainstream authorities, although in all these faiths there are small groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious grounds.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Most Indian religions have philosophical schools that forbid consumption of meat and Jainism institutes an outright ban on the same.", "History of Speyer __knowledge__ The history of Speyer begins with the establishment of a Roman camp in 10 BCE, making it one of Germany's oldest cities.", "History of Speyer __knowledge__ Its name evolved from Spira, first mentioned in 614.", "History of Speyer __knowledge__ As of 1294 a Free Imperial City, the town became renowned for its Romanesque cathedral, its vibrant Jewish community, its seat of the Imperial Chamber Court, for 50 diets that took place within its walls, most notably 1526 and 1529, and last but not least, for the Protestation at Speyer.", "History of Speyer __knowledge__ For several centuries from the Middle Ages into the early modern period, Speyer was one of the main centres of gravity of the Holy Roman Empire.", "Portfolio diet __knowledge__ Portfolio Diet is a therapeutic vegetarian diet created by Canadian researcher David Jenkins in 2003 to lower blood cholesterol.", "Portfolio diet __knowledge__ This diet emphasizes using a portfolio of foods or food components that have found to associate with cholesterol lowering to enhance this effect.", "Portfolio diet __knowledge__ Viscous fiber, soy protein, plant sterols, and nuts are the four essential components of Portfolio diet.", "Portfolio diet __knowledge__ This diet is low in saturated fat, high in fibre.", "Portfolio diet __knowledge__ Researches have found it has comparable blood cholesterol effect to statin treatment.", "Portfolio diet __knowledge__ Background Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States.", "Portfolio diet __knowledge__ Several risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, overweight or obese, smoking, have been identified to promote the cardiovascular diseases.", "Style of life __knowledge__ The term style of life () was used by psychiatrist Alfred Adler as one of several constructs describing the dynamics of the personality.", "Style of life __knowledge__ It reflects the individual's unique, unconscious, and repetitive way of responding to (or avoiding) the main tasks of living: friendship, love, and work.", "Style of life __knowledge__ This style, rooted in a childhood prototype, remains consistent throughout life, unless it is changed through depth psychotherapy.", "Style of life __knowledge__ The style of life is reflected in the unity of an individual's way of thinking, feeling, and acting.", "Style of life __knowledge__ The life style was increasingly seen by Adler as a product of the individual's own creative power, as well as being rooted in early childhood situations.", "Argentine tango __knowledge__ Argentine tango is a musical genre and accompanying social dance originating at the end of the 19th century in the suburbs of Buenos Aires and Montevideo.", "Argentine tango __knowledge__ It typically has a or rhythmic time signature, and two or three parts repeating in patterns such as ABAB or ABCAC.", "Argentine tango __knowledge__ Its lyrics are marked by \"nostalgia\", sadness, and laments for lost love.", "Argentine tango __knowledge__ The typical orchestra has several melodic instruments and is given a distinctive air by the small button accordion called the bandoneon.", "Argentine tango __knowledge__ It has continued to grow in popularity and spread internationally, adding modern elements without replacing the older ones.", "Stackelberg competition __knowledge__ The Stackelberg leadership model is a strategic game in economics in which the leader firm moves first and then the follower firms move sequentially.", "Stackelberg competition __knowledge__ It is named after the German economist Heinrich Freiherr von Stackelberg who published \"Market Structure and Equilibrium (Marktform und Gleichgewicht)\" in 1934 which described the model.", "Stackelberg competition __knowledge__ In game theory terms, the players of this game are a \"leader\" and a \"follower\" and they compete on quantity.", "Stackelberg competition __knowledge__ The Stackelberg leader is sometimes referred to as the Market Leader.", "Stackelberg competition __knowledge__ There are some further constraints upon the sustaining of a Stackelberg equilibrium.", "Stackelberg competition __knowledge__ The leader must know \"ex ante\" that the follower observes its action.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet that in medicine is used primarily to treat difficult-to-control (refractory) epilepsy in children.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The diet forces the body to burn fats rather than carbohydrates.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ Normally, the carbohydrates contained in food are converted into glucose, which is then transported around the body and is particularly important in fueling brain-function.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ However, if there is little carbohydrate in the diet, the liver converts fat into fatty acids and ketone bodies.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The ketone bodies pass into the brain and replace glucose as an energy source.", "Follower neuron __knowledge__ A follower neuron is a nerve cell that arises in the developmental stage of the brain and which growth and orientation is intrinsically related to pioneer neurons.", "Follower neuron __knowledge__ These neurons can also be called later development neurons or follower cells.", "Follower neuron __knowledge__ In the early stages of brain development, pioneer neurons define axonal trajectories that are later used as scaffolds by follower neurons, which project their growth cones and fasciculate with pioneer axons, forming a fiber tract and demonstrating a preference for axon-guided growth.", "Follower neuron __knowledge__ It is thought that these neurons can read very accurate cues of direction and fasciculate or defasciculate in order to reach their target, even in a highly dense axon bundle." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Another term is \"environmental veganism\", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease, including heart disease.", "Veganism __knowledge__ They are regarded as appropriate for all stages of life including during infancy and pregnancy by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the British Dietetic Association.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The German Society for Nutrition does not recommend vegan diets for children, adolescents nor during pregnancy and breastfeeding.", "Tea __knowledge__ Tea is an aromatic beverage commonly prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured leaves of the \"Camellia sinensis\", an evergreen shrub (bush) native to Asia.", "Tea __knowledge__ After water, it is the most widely consumed drink in the world.", "Tea __knowledge__ There are many different types of tea; some, like Darjeeling and Chinese greens, have a cooling, slightly bitter, and astringent flavour, while others have vastly different profiles that include sweet, nutty, floral or grassy notes.", "Tea __knowledge__ Tea originated in Southwest China, where it was used as a medicinal drink.", "Tea __knowledge__ It was popularized as a recreational drink during the Chinese Tang dynasty, and tea drinking spread to other East Asian countries.", "Got Milk? __knowledge__ Got Milk?", "Got Milk? __knowledge__ (stylized as got milk?)", "Got Milk? __knowledge__ is an American advertising campaign encouraging the consumption of milk, which was created by the advertising agency Goodby Silverstein & Partners for the California Milk Processor Board in 1993, and was later licensed for use by milk processors and dairy farmers.", "Got Milk? __knowledge__ It launched in 1993 with the now-famous \"Aaron Burr\" television commercial, directed by Michael Bay.", "Got Milk? __knowledge__ The national campaign, run by MilkPEP (Milk Processor Education Program) added the \"got milk?\"", "Got Milk? __knowledge__ logo to its \"Milk Mustache\" ads beginning in 1995.", "Got Milk? __knowledge__ In January 2014, MilkPEP discontinued its Milk Mustache and got milk?", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Bovine somatotropin __knowledge__ Bovine somatotropin or bovine somatotrophin (abbreviated \"bST\" and \"BST\"), or bovine growth hormone (BGH), is a peptide hormone produced by cows' pituitary glands.", "Bovine somatotropin __knowledge__ Like other hormones, it is produced in small quantities and is used in regulating metabolic processes.", "Bovine somatotropin __knowledge__ After the biotech company Genentech discovered and patented the gene for BST in the 1970s, it became possible to synthesize the hormone using recombinant DNA technology to create recombinant bovine somatotropin (rBST), recombinant bovine growth hormone (rBGH), or artificial growth hormone.", "Bovine somatotropin __knowledge__ Four large pharmaceutical companies, Monsanto, American Cyanamid, Eli Lilly, and Upjohn, developed commercial rBST products and submitted them to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for approval.", "Dairy __knowledge__ A dairy is a business enterprise established for the harvesting or processing (or both) of animal milk – mostly from cows or goats, but also from buffaloes, sheep, horses, or camels – for human consumption.", "Dairy __knowledge__ A dairy is typically located on a dedicated dairy farm or in a section of a multi-purpose farm (mixed farm) that is concerned with the harvesting of milk.", "Dairy __knowledge__ Terminology differs between countries.", "Dairy __knowledge__ For example, in the United States, an entire dairy farm is commonly called a \"dairy\".", "Dairy __knowledge__ The building or farm area where milk is harvested from the cow is often called a \"milking parlor\" or \"parlor\".", "Dairy __knowledge__ The farm area where milk is stored in bulk tanks is known as the farm's \"milk house\".", "Duarte galactosemia __knowledge__ Duarte galactosemia (also known as Duarte variant galactosemia, DG, or biochemical variant galactosemia) is an inherited condition associated with diminished ability to metabolize galactose due to a partial deficiency of the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase.", "Duarte galactosemia __knowledge__ Duarte galactosemia (DG) is estimated to affect close to one in 4,000 infants born in the United States.", "Duarte galactosemia __knowledge__ DG Is considered by most healthcare professionals to be clinically mild.", "Duarte galactosemia __knowledge__ It differs from classic galactosemia in that patients with Duarte galactosemia have partial GALT deficiency whereas patients with classic galactosemia have complete, or almost complete, GALT deficiency.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Some people abstain from consuming various foods and beverages in conformity with various religious, cultural, legal or other societal prohibitions.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Many of these prohibitions constitute taboos.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Many food taboos and other prohibitions forbid the meat of a particular animal, including mammals, rodents, reptiles, amphibians, fish, molluscs, crustaceans and insects, which may relate to a disgust response being more often associated with meats than plant-based foods.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Some prohibitions are specific to a particular part or excretion of an animal, while others forgo the consumption of plants or fungi.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is an activist and academic movement which states that all types of oppression are linked and must be eradicated, with a focus on including the domination of humans over nonhuman animals.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Through the feminist concept known as intersectionality, it is recognized that sexism, racism, classism, and other forms of inter human oppression are all connected.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism aims to include the domination of not only the environment but also of nonhuman animals to the list.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is part of the academic and philosophical field of ecofeminism, which states that the ways in which the privileged dominates the oppressed should include the way humans dominate nature.", "Intensive animal farming __knowledge__ Intensive animal farming or industrial livestock production, also colloquially known as factory farming, is a production approach towards farm animals in order to maximize production output, while minimizing production costs.", "Intensive animal farming __knowledge__ Intensive farming refers to animal husbandry, the keeping of livestock such as cattle, poultry, and fish at higher stocking densities than is usually the case with other forms of animal agriculture—a practice typical in industrial farming by agribusinesses.", "Intensive animal farming __knowledge__ The main products of this industry are meat, milk and eggs for human consumption.", "Intensive animal farming __knowledge__ There are issues regarding whether factory farming is sustainable or ethical.", "Antibiotic use in livestock __knowledge__ Antibiotic use in livestock is the use of antibiotics for any purpose in the husbandry of livestock, which includes treatment when ill (therapeutic), treatment of a batch of animals when at least one is diagnosed as ill (metaphylaxis, similar to the way bacterial meningitis is treated in children), and preventative treatment (prophylaxis) against disease.", "Antibiotic use in livestock __knowledge__ The use of subtherapeutic doses in animal feed and/or water to promote growth and improve feed efficiency was eliminated effective January 1, 2017, as a result of new FDA Veterinary Feed Directive.", "Antibiotic use in livestock __knowledge__ This practice has been banned in Europe since 2006." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 6 ]

[ "I am a life long Vegan. Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products", "Well I am a follower of the diet and I just like the life style.", "Well I refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also egg", "I dont no but Another term is \"environmental veganism\", which refers to the avoidance of animal products " ]

[ "Veganism", "Veganism", "Veganism", "Veganism" ]

[ "Dentist\nSo what are your thoughts on going to the dentist?", "I had no idea either! I bet dentistry was really messed up back then", "Haha I would not trust my barber with my teeth! I'm guessing no pain relief either?", "That is a lot earlier than I thought. I'm pretty sure I visited a Napoleonic era ship and they still had a ships barber doing the surgery!", "Well in that case it makes sense to combine the two, so you only have to make one visit. I just hope they don't use the same tools for both jobs." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dentist __knowledge__ A dentist, also known as a dental surgeon, is a surgeon who specializes in dentistry, the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and in some states, dental therapists.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In China as well as France, the first people to perform dentistry were barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ They have been categorized into 2 distinct groups: guild of barbers and lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The first group, the Guild of Barbers, was created to distinguish more educated and qualified dental surgeons from lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Guild barbers were trained to do complex surgeries.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The second group, the lay barbers, were qualified to perform regular hygienic services such as shaving and tooth extraction as well as basic surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ However, in 1400 France made decrees prohibiting lay barbers from practicing all types of surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In Germany as well as France from 1530 to 1575 publications completely devoted to dentistry were being published.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Ambrose Pare, often known as the Father of Surgery, published his own work about the proper maintenance and treatment of teeth.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ Dentistry throughout the world is practised differently, and training in dentistry varies as well.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ Australian dentistry is overseen by the Australian Dental Council and the Dental Board of Australia The professional body for dentists is the Australian Dental Association.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ Dentists trained in Australia must meet the entry requirements of one of the Australian institutions offering dental courses, and then complete the required full-time academic training leading to a dental degree.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ If dentists wish to specialize, they must complete extra study after having had clinical experience.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ In order to practice dentistry in Australia (as of July 2010) you must obtain registration and licensing from the nationalized Dental Board of Australia.", "Pediatric dentistry __knowledge__ Pediatric dentistry (formerly pedodontics in American English or paedodontics in Commonwealth English) is the branch of dentistry dealing with children from birth through adolescence.", "Pediatric dentistry __knowledge__ The specialty of pediatric dentistry is recognized by the American Dental Association, Royal College of Dentists of Canada, and Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons.", "Pediatric dentistry __knowledge__ Pediatric dentists promote the dental health of children as well as serve as educational resources for parents.", "Pediatric dentistry __knowledge__ It is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) that a dental visit should occur within six months after the presence of the first tooth or by a child's first birthday.", "Intrusive thought __knowledge__ An intrusive thought is an unwelcome involuntary thought, image, or unpleasant idea that may become an obsession, is upsetting or distressing, and can feel difficult to manage or eliminate.", "Intrusive thought __knowledge__ When such thoughts are associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), depression, body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), and sometimes attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the thoughts may become paralyzing, anxiety-provoking, or persistent.", "Intrusive thought __knowledge__ Intrusive thoughts may also be associated with episodic memory, unwanted worries or memories from OCD, posttraumatic stress disorder, other anxiety disorders, eating disorders, or psychosis.", "Dental hygienist __knowledge__ A dental hygienist or oral hygienist is a licensed dental professional, registered with a dental association, or regulatory body within their country of practice.", "Dental hygienist __knowledge__ They are primary healthcare professionals who work independently of or alongside dentists and other dental professionals to provide full oral health care.", "Dental hygienist __knowledge__ They have the training and education that focus on and specialize in the prevention and treatment of many oral disease.", "Dental hygienist __knowledge__ The dental hygienist is a primary resource for oral cancer screening and prevention.", "Dental hygienist __knowledge__ Most importantly, they spend a large amount of time at each patient visit looking at the soft tissues of the oral cavity, where the early manifestations of oral cancer occur.", "Racing thoughts __knowledge__ Racing thoughts refers to the rapid thought patterns that often occur in manic, hypomanic, or mixed episodes.", "Racing thoughts __knowledge__ While racing thoughts are most commonly described in people with bipolar disorder and sleep apnea, they are also common with anxiety disorders, OCD, and other psychiatric disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.", "Racing thoughts __knowledge__ Racing thoughts are also associated with sleep deprivation, hyperthyroidism.", "Racing thoughts __knowledge__ and the use of amphetamines.", "Racing thoughts __knowledge__ Racing thoughts may be experienced as background or take over a person's consciousness.", "Racing thoughts __knowledge__ Thoughts, music, and voices might be zooming through one's mind as they jump tangentially from one to the next.", "One, Two, Buckle My Shoe (novel) __knowledge__ One, Two, Buckle My Shoe is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie first published in the United Kingdom by the Collins Crime Club in November 1940, and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company in February 1941 under the title of The Patriotic Murders.", "One, Two, Buckle My Shoe (novel) __knowledge__ A paperback edition in the US by Dell books in 1953 changed the title again to An Overdose of Death.", "One, Two, Buckle My Shoe (novel) __knowledge__ The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6) while the United States edition retailed at $2.00.", "One, Two, Buckle My Shoe (novel) __knowledge__ It is one of several of Christie's crime fiction novels to feature both the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot, and Chief Inspector Japp.", "A Trip to the Dentist __knowledge__ \"A Trip to the Dentist\" is the twenty-first and penultimate episode of the first season of the American mystery television series \"Veronica Mars\".", "A Trip to the Dentist __knowledge__ Written by Diane Ruggiero and directed by Marcos Siega, the episode premiered on UPN on May 3, 2005.", "A Trip to the Dentist __knowledge__ The series depicts the adventures of Veronica Mars (Kristen Bell) as she deals with life as a high school student while moonlighting as a private detective.", "A Trip to the Dentist __knowledge__ In this episode, Veronica resolves the mystery of her sexual assault a year earlier by talking to previous acquaintances and learning about the details of what happened at Shelly Pomroy's party a year earlier while she was under the influence of GHB." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dentist __knowledge__ A dentist, also known as a dental surgeon, is a surgeon who specializes in dentistry, the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and in some states, dental therapists.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In China as well as France, the first people to perform dentistry were barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ They have been categorized into 2 distinct groups: guild of barbers and lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The first group, the Guild of Barbers, was created to distinguish more educated and qualified dental surgeons from lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Guild barbers were trained to do complex surgeries.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The second group, the lay barbers, were qualified to perform regular hygienic services such as shaving and tooth extraction as well as basic surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ However, in 1400 France made decrees prohibiting lay barbers from practicing all types of surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In Germany as well as France from 1530 to 1575 publications completely devoted to dentistry were being published.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Ambrose Pare, often known as the Father of Surgery, published his own work about the proper maintenance and treatment of teeth.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps is a dice game in which the players make wagers on the outcome of the roll, or a series of rolls, of a pair of dice.", "Craps __knowledge__ Players may wager money against each other (playing \"street craps\", also known as \"shooting dice,\" \"rolling bones,\" or any combination thereof) or a bank (playing \"casino craps\", also known as \"table craps\", or often just \"craps\").", "Craps __knowledge__ Because it requires little equipment, \"street craps\" can be played in informal settings.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps developed from a simplification of the early English game of \"hazard\".", "Craps __knowledge__ Its origins are complex and may date to the Crusades, later being influenced by French gamblers.", "Does This Look Infected? __knowledge__ Does This Look Infected?", "Does This Look Infected? __knowledge__ is the second studio album by rock band Sum 41.", "Does This Look Infected? __knowledge__ It was released on November 26, 2002.", "Does This Look Infected? __knowledge__ The album is a lot more aggressive, darker and heavier than Sum 41's previous studio album, \"All Killer No Filler\".", "Does This Look Infected? __knowledge__ It also has less elements of pop music than \"All Killer No Filler\".", "Does This Look Infected? __knowledge__ Described as heavy metal, horror punk, punk rock, pop punk, and melodic hardcore, the album uses elements of heavy metal, hardcore punk, thrash metal, d-beat and, on the song \"Thanks for Nothing\", hip hop.", "Does This Look Infected? __knowledge__ Although the album has been described as pop punk by some sources, Counterculture.co.uk considered it an album that shows Sum 41 abandoning the pop punk genre for a more standard punk rock style.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ In the game of poker, the play largely centers on the act of betting, and as such, a protocol has been developed to speed up play, lessen confusion, and increase security while playing.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Different games are played using different types of bets, and small variations in etiquette exist between cardrooms, but for the most part the following rules and protocol are observed by the majority of poker players.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Players in a poker game act in turn, in clockwise rotation (acting out of turn can negatively affect other players).", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ When it is a player's turn to act, the first verbal declaration or action they take binds them to their choice of action; this rule prevents a player from changing their action after seeing how other players react to their initial, verbal action.", "Desert Strike (EP) __knowledge__ Desert Strike is the third extended play of Kuwait musician Fatima Al Qadiri.", "Desert Strike (EP) __knowledge__ The record is based on \"\" (1992), a video game that in turn is based on events of Operation Desert Storm of the Gulf War.", "Desert Strike (EP) __knowledge__ As a kid who lived in Kuwait during the Gulf War, Qadiri played the game a year after it took place, which messed with how she remembered experiencing the actual war.", "Desert Strike (EP) __knowledge__ Given how dark the game portrayed the Gulf War, she intended the extended play to represent a positive and \"innocent\" view of it by pairing a palette of childlike sounds with war sound effects.", "Desert Strike (EP) __knowledge__ Released on 23 October 2012 by the label Fade To Mind, \"Desert Strike\" garnered generally favorable reviews from professional music journalists and landed on \"Spin\" magazine's list of the \"Best Dance Albums of 2012.\"", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ Dentistry throughout the world is practised differently, and training in dentistry varies as well.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ Australian dentistry is overseen by the Australian Dental Council and the Dental Board of Australia The professional body for dentists is the Australian Dental Association.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ Dentists trained in Australia must meet the entry requirements of one of the Australian institutions offering dental courses, and then complete the required full-time academic training leading to a dental degree.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ If dentists wish to specialize, they must complete extra study after having had clinical experience.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ In order to practice dentistry in Australia (as of July 2010) you must obtain registration and licensing from the nationalized Dental Board of Australia.", "Elle Bishop __knowledge__ Elle Bishop is a fictional character who appeared on the American psychological thriller science fiction series \"Heroes\", which aired on NBC from 2006 to 2010.", "Elle Bishop __knowledge__ The character was created by series creator Tim Kring and portrayed by actress Kristen Bell.", "Elle Bishop __knowledge__ Elle was created by Kring to act as a contrast to the rest of the characters, who had all recently found out they had abilities, whereas Elle had known her whole life.", "Elle Bishop __knowledge__ Bell, who had previously starred in the then recently cancelled series \"Veronica Mars\", was a fan of the series and had met up with the writers that informed her they would love to have her on the show.", "Special needs dentistry __knowledge__ Special needs dentistry, also known as special care dentistry, is a speciality of dentistry concerned with the oral health of people who have intellectual disability, or who are affected by other medical, physical, or psychiatric issues.", "Special needs dentistry __knowledge__ Special needs dentists require an extra three years of postgraduate training after attaining their dental degree.", "Special needs dentistry __knowledge__ They are then eligible for Board Certification by the American Board of Special Care Dentistry (Diplomate ABSCD) or Fellowship with the Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons (FRACDS (SND)).", "Special needs dentistry __knowledge__ The oral health therapist have incorporated studies to allow for their scope of practice to cover working with people with special needs.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Dentistry is a branch of medicine that consists of the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral cavity, commonly in the dentition but also the oral mucosa, and of adjacent and related structures and tissues, particularly in the maxillofacial (jaw and facial) area.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Although primarily associated with teeth among the general public, the field of dentistry or dental medicine is not limited to teeth but includes other aspects of the craniofacial complex including the temporomandibular and other supporting structures.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Dentistry is often also understood to subsume the now largely defunct medical specialty of stomatology (the study of the mouth and its disorders and diseases) for which reason the two terms are used interchangeably in certain regions.", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ A crown is a type of dental restoration which completely caps or encircles a tooth or dental implant.", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ Crowns are often needed when a large cavity threatens the ongoing health of a tooth.", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ They are typically bonded to the tooth using a dental cement.", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ Crowns can be made from many materials, which are usually fabricated using \"indirect methods\".", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ Crowns are often used to improve the strength or appearance of teeth.", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ While inarguably beneficial to dental health, the procedure and materials can be relatively expensive.", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ The most common method of crowning a tooth involves using a dental impression of a prepared tooth by a dentist to fabricate the crown outside of the mouth.", "Dental degree __knowledge__ There are a number of professional degrees in dentistry offered by dental schools in various countries around the world.", "Dental degree __knowledge__ Degrees acknowledged worldwide across North America, Europe, Africa and Asia are: There are a number of post-graduate degrees in dentistry as well.", "Dental degree __knowledge__ In some universities, especially in the U.S., some post-graduate programs award Certificate only.", "Dental degree __knowledge__ In Commonwealth countries, the Royal Colleges of dentistry (or Faculty of Dentistry of the College) awards post-nominals upon completion of a series of examinations.", "Dental degree __knowledge__ In the U.S., most dental specialists attain Board Certification (Diplomate Status) by completing a series of written and oral examinations with the appropriate Boards.", "Pediatric dentistry __knowledge__ Pediatric dentistry (formerly pedodontics in American English or paedodontics in Commonwealth English) is the branch of dentistry dealing with children from birth through adolescence.", "Pediatric dentistry __knowledge__ The specialty of pediatric dentistry is recognized by the American Dental Association, Royal College of Dentists of Canada, and Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons.", "Pediatric dentistry __knowledge__ Pediatric dentists promote the dental health of children as well as serve as educational resources for parents.", "Pediatric dentistry __knowledge__ It is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) that a dental visit should occur within six months after the presence of the first tooth or by a child's first birthday." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dentist __knowledge__ A dentist, also known as a dental surgeon, is a surgeon who specializes in dentistry, the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and in some states, dental therapists.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In China as well as France, the first people to perform dentistry were barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ They have been categorized into 2 distinct groups: guild of barbers and lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The first group, the Guild of Barbers, was created to distinguish more educated and qualified dental surgeons from lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Guild barbers were trained to do complex surgeries.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The second group, the lay barbers, were qualified to perform regular hygienic services such as shaving and tooth extraction as well as basic surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ However, in 1400 France made decrees prohibiting lay barbers from practicing all types of surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In Germany as well as France from 1530 to 1575 publications completely devoted to dentistry were being published.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Ambrose Pare, often known as the Father of Surgery, published his own work about the proper maintenance and treatment of teeth.", "Opioid __knowledge__ Opioids are substances that act on opioid receptors to produce morphine-like effects.", "Opioid __knowledge__ Medically they are primarily used for pain relief, including anesthesia.", "Opioid __knowledge__ Other medical uses include suppression of diarrhea, treating opioid use disorder, reversing opioid overdose, suppressing cough, and suppressing opioid induced constipation.", "Opioid __knowledge__ Extremely potent opioids such as carfentanil are only approved for veterinary use.", "Opioid __knowledge__ Opioids are also frequently used non-medically for their euphoric effects or to prevent withdrawal.", "Opioid __knowledge__ Side effects of opioids may include itchiness, sedation, nausea, respiratory depression, constipation, and euphoria.", "Cancer pain __knowledge__ Pain in cancer may arise from a tumor compressing or infiltrating nearby body parts; from treatments and diagnostic procedures; or from skin, nerve and other changes caused by a hormone imbalance or immune response.", "Cancer pain __knowledge__ Most chronic (long-lasting) pain is caused by the illness and most acute (short-term) pain is caused by treatment or diagnostic procedures.", "Cancer pain __knowledge__ However, radiotherapy, surgery and chemotherapy may produce painful conditions that persist long after treatment has ended.", "Cancer pain __knowledge__ The presence of pain depends mainly on the location of the cancer and the stage of the disease.", "Cancer pain __knowledge__ At any given time, about half of all people diagnosed with malignant cancer are experiencing pain, and two thirds of those with advanced cancer experience pain of such intensity that it adversely affects their sleep, mood, social relations and activities of daily living.", "Acupuncture __knowledge__ Acupuncture is a form of alternative medicine in which thin needles are inserted into the body.", "Acupuncture __knowledge__ It is a key component of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).", "Acupuncture __knowledge__ TCM theory and practice are not based upon scientific knowledge, and acupuncture is a pseudoscience.", "Acupuncture __knowledge__ There is a diverse range of acupuncture theories based on different philosophies, and techniques vary depending on the country.", "Acupuncture __knowledge__ The method used in TCM is likely the most widespread in the United States.", "Acupuncture __knowledge__ It is most often used for pain relief, though it is also used for a wide range of other conditions.", "Acupuncture __knowledge__ Acupuncture is generally used only in combination with other forms of treatment.", "Failed back syndrome __knowledge__ Failed back syndrome or post-laminectomy syndrome is a condition characterized by chronic pain following back surgeries.", "Failed back syndrome __knowledge__ Many factors can contribute to the onset or development of FBS, including residual or recurrent spinal disc herniation, persistent post-operative pressure on a spinal nerve, altered joint mobility, joint hypermobility with instability, scar tissue (fibrosis), depression, anxiety, sleeplessness, spinal muscular deconditioning and even \"Propionibacterium acnes\" infection.", "Failed back syndrome __knowledge__ An individual may be predisposed to the development of FBS due to systemic disorders such as diabetes, autoimmune disease and peripheral blood vessels (vascular) disease.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Ha Dong-hoon (; born on August 20, 1979), better known by his stage name Haha (), is a South Korean singer, variety show host and member of Skull & Haha.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the sitcom, \"Nonstop\" and for co-hosting two popular variety programs, MBC's \"Infinite Challenge\" and SBS's \"Running Man\".", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He has also hosted his own show, titled \"Ya Man TV\" on Mnet in 2015.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Haha was born on August 20, 1979 in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany and moved to Seoul, South Korea when he was an infant.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ His parents are both Korean, with his mother holding a doctorate in psychology, and he has an older sister, Ha Juri () who is a pianist, also with a doctorate.", "Adiposis dolorosa __knowledge__ Adiposis dolorosa, also known as Dercum's disease or Anders disease, is a rare condition characterized by generalized obesity and fatty tumors in the adipose tissue.", "Adiposis dolorosa __knowledge__ The tumors are normally painful and found in multiples on the extremities.", "Adiposis dolorosa __knowledge__ The cause and mechanism of Dercum's disease remains unknown.", "Adiposis dolorosa __knowledge__ Possible causes include nervous system dysfunction, mechanical pressure on nerves, adipose tissue dysfunction, and trauma.", "Adiposis dolorosa __knowledge__ Dercum's disease was first described at Jefferson Medical College by neurologist Francis Xavier Dercum in 1892.", "Adiposis dolorosa __knowledge__ Four cardinal symptoms have sometimes been used as diagnostic criteria: There are also potential signs of the disease which are identified as the following: However, as it is unclear which symptoms are cardinal and which symptoms are minor signs in Dercum's disease, it is unclear which should be used as diagnostic criteria.", "Osteoarthritis __knowledge__ Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone.", "Osteoarthritis __knowledge__ The most common symptoms are joint pain and stiffness.", "Osteoarthritis __knowledge__ Initially, symptoms may occur only following exercise, but over time may become constant.", "Osteoarthritis __knowledge__ Other symptoms may include joint swelling, decreased range of motion, and when the back is affected weakness or numbness of the arms and legs.", "Osteoarthritis __knowledge__ The most commonly involved joints are those near the ends of the fingers, at the base of the thumb, neck, lower back, knee, and hips.", "Osteoarthritis __knowledge__ Joints on one side of the body are often more affected than those on the other.", "Barber surgeon __knowledge__ The barber surgeon, one of the most common European medical practitioners of the Middle Ages, was generally charged with caring for soldiers during and after battle.", "Barber surgeon __knowledge__ In this era, surgery was seldom conducted by physicians, but instead by barbers, who, in having razors indispensable to their trade, were called upon for numerous tasks ranging from cutting hair to amputating limbs.", "Barber surgeon __knowledge__ In this period, surgical mortality was very high, due to blood loss and infection.", "Barber surgeon __knowledge__ Yet since doctors thought that blood letting treated illness, barbers also applied leeches.", "Barber surgeon __knowledge__ Meanwhile, physicians considered themselves to be above surgery.", "Myrmecophily __knowledge__ Myrmecophily ( ; literally \"\"ant-love\"\") is the term applied to positive interspecies associations between ants and a variety of other organisms such as plants, other arthropods, and fungi.", "Myrmecophily __knowledge__ Myrmecophily refers to mutualistic associations with ants, though in its more general use the term may also refer to commensal or even parasitic interactions.", "Myrmecophily __knowledge__ The term \"myrmecophile\" is used mainly for animals that associate with ants.", "Myrmecophily __knowledge__ There are an estimated 10,000 species of ants (Formicidae), with a higher diversity in the tropics.", "Myrmecophily __knowledge__ In most terrestrial ecosystems ants are ecologically and numerically dominant, being the main invertebrate predators.", "Robert Barbers __knowledge__ Robert Zabala Barbers (January 19, 1944 – December 25, 2005) was a police officer, Secretary of Interior and Local Government and Senator of the Philippines.", "Robert Barbers __knowledge__ Barbers was born in Surigao City to Felix and Regina Barbers.", "Robert Barbers __knowledge__ His grandfather, George Barbieri (later Barbers), was an Italian-American immigrant from the Spanish–American War who married an Ilocana.", "Robert Barbers __knowledge__ He spoke Cebuano, Tagalog, English, and his native Surigaonon.", "Robert Barbers __knowledge__ Barbers studied at the Surigao Elementary School and finished in 1955.", "Robert Barbers __knowledge__ He graduated as valedictorian at Surigao High School in 1959.", "Robert Barbers __knowledge__ He studied Political Science at Silliman University but completed his degree in 1981 at the Lyceum of the Philippines University, where he also earned his Bachelor of Laws in 1985.", "L1551 IRS 5 __knowledge__ L1551 IRS 5 is a protostellar envelope surrounding a binary protostar system in the constellation of Taurus 450 light-years from Earth.", "L1551 IRS 5 __knowledge__ The binary system itself is known as L1551 NE.", "L1551 IRS 5 __knowledge__ It is one of Jim Kaler's The 100 greatest stars.", "L1551 IRS 5 __knowledge__ L1551 IRS 5: A curious case of a young and active binary star", "Worshipful Company of Barbers __knowledge__ The Worshipful Company of Barbers is one of the Livery Companies of the City of London, and ranks 17th in precedence.", "Worshipful Company of Barbers __knowledge__ The Fellowship of Surgeons merged with the Barbers' Company in 1540, forming the Company of Barbers and Surgeons, but after the rising professionalism of the trade broke away in 1745 to form what would become the Royal College of Surgeons.", "Worshipful Company of Barbers __knowledge__ The Company no longer retains an association with the hairdressing profession, and principally acts as a charitable institution for medical and surgical causes.", "Worshipful Company of Barbers __knowledge__ In modern times, between one-third and one-half of the Company's liverymen are surgeons, dentists or other medical practitioners.", "Healthcare in Kosovo __knowledge__ In the past, Kosovo’s capabilities to develop a modern health care system were limited.", "Healthcare in Kosovo __knowledge__ Low GDP during 1990 worsened the situation even more.", "Healthcare in Kosovo __knowledge__ However, the establishment of the Faculty of Medicine in the University of Prishtina marked a significant development in health care.", "Healthcare in Kosovo __knowledge__ This was also followed by launching different health clinics which enabled better conditions for professional development.", "Healthcare in Kosovo __knowledge__ Nowadays the situation has changed and health care system in Kosovo is organized in three sectors including, primary, secondary and tertiary health care.", "Healthcare in Kosovo __knowledge__ Primary health care in Prishtina is organized in thirteen Family Medicine Centers and fifteen Ambulantory Care Units." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dentist __knowledge__ A dentist, also known as a dental surgeon, is a surgeon who specializes in dentistry, the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and in some states, dental therapists.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In China as well as France, the first people to perform dentistry were barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ They have been categorized into 2 distinct groups: guild of barbers and lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The first group, the Guild of Barbers, was created to distinguish more educated and qualified dental surgeons from lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Guild barbers were trained to do complex surgeries.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The second group, the lay barbers, were qualified to perform regular hygienic services such as shaving and tooth extraction as well as basic surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ However, in 1400 France made decrees prohibiting lay barbers from practicing all types of surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In Germany as well as France from 1530 to 1575 publications completely devoted to dentistry were being published.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Ambrose Pare, often known as the Father of Surgery, published his own work about the proper maintenance and treatment of teeth.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Mary Rose __knowledge__ The Mary Rose is a carrack-type warship of the English Tudor navy of King Henry VIII.", "Mary Rose __knowledge__ After serving for 33 years in several wars against France, Scotland, and Brittany and after being substantially rebuilt in 1536, she saw her last action on 1545.", "Mary Rose __knowledge__ While leading the attack on the galleys of a French invasion fleet, she sank in the Solent, the straits north of the Isle of Wight.", "Mary Rose __knowledge__ The wreck of the \"Mary Rose\" was rediscovered in 1971.", "Mary Rose __knowledge__ It was raised in 1982 by the Mary Rose Trust, in one of the most complex and expensive projects in the history of maritime archaeology.", "Mary Rose __knowledge__ The surviving section of the ship and thousands of recovered artefacts are of immeasurable value as a Tudor-era time capsule.", "Rhys Lawson __knowledge__ Rhys Lawson is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Ben Barber.", "Rhys Lawson __knowledge__ The actor's casting was announced on 18 May 2011 and he began filming his first scenes the week before opposite established cast members Alan Fletcher (Karl Kennedy) and Jackie Woodburne (Susan Kennedy).", "Rhys Lawson __knowledge__ Barber said he loved his character and was looking forward to what was ahead.", "Rhys Lawson __knowledge__ He made his debut screen appearance on 13 July 2011.", "Rhys Lawson __knowledge__ In November 2012, it was announced that Barber would be leaving \"Neighbours\" and Rhys made his last screen appearance on 20 March 2013.", "Rhys Lawson __knowledge__ Before his arrival on screen, Barber described Rhys as being determined and focused, while Daniel Kilkelly of Digital Spy said his arrival would cause a stir.", "Ronde Barber __knowledge__ Jamael Orondé \"Rondé\" Barber (born April 7, 1975) is a former American football cornerback and who spent his entire 16-year career playing for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL).", "Ronde Barber __knowledge__ He is the twin brother of Tiki Barber, a former running back for the New York Giants.", "Ronde Barber __knowledge__ Barber grew up in Roanoke, Virginia and played college football for the University of Virginia.", "Ronde Barber __knowledge__ In the 1997 NFL Draft, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers selected Ronde Barber in the third round as the 66th overall pick.", "Ronde Barber __knowledge__ Over the course of his career, Barber was selected to five Pro Bowls, accumulated three first team All-Pro selections, two second team All-Pro selections, and was selected to the National Football League 2000s All-Decade Team.", "War of 1812 __knowledge__ The War of 1812 (18121815) was a conflict fought between the United States, the United Kingdom, and their respective allies.", "War of 1812 __knowledge__ Historians in Britain often see it as a minor theatre of the Napoleonic Wars; in the United States and Canada, it is seen as a war in its own right.", "War of 1812 __knowledge__ Since the outbreak of war with Napoleonic France, Britain had enforced a naval blockade to choke off neutral trade to France, which the United States contested as illegal under international law.", "War of 1812 __knowledge__ To man the blockade, Britain impressed American merchant sailors into the Royal Navy.", "War of 1812 __knowledge__ Incidents such as the \"Chesapeake–Leopard\" Affair inflamed anti-British sentiment.", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ \"Neighbours\" is an Australian television soap opera that was first broadcast on 18 March 1985.", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in 2011, by order of first appearance.", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ All characters were introduced by the shows executive producer Susan Bower.", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ The 27th season of \"Neighbours\" began airing on 11 January 2011.", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ That same month saw Jack Finsterer join the cast as Garland Cole.", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ Dieter Brummer made his first appearance as Troy Miller in May and Carolyn Johnstone, a new love interest for Harold Bishop, followed shortly after.", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ Ivan DeMarco and Superintendent Duncan Hayes began appearing in June.", "Naval artillery __knowledge__ Naval artillery is artillery mounted on a warship, originally used only for naval warfare, later also for naval gunfire support against targets on land, and for anti-aircraft use.", "Naval artillery __knowledge__ The term generally refers to tube-launched projectile-firing weapons and excludes self-propelled projectiles like torpedoes and rockets, and those simply dropped overboard like depth charges and naval mines.", "Naval artillery __knowledge__ The idea of ship-borne artillery dates back to the classical era.", "Naval artillery __knowledge__ Julius Caesar indicates the use of ship-borne catapults against Britons ashore in his \"Commentarii de Bello Gallico\".", "Naval artillery __knowledge__ The dromons of the Byzantine Empire carried catapults and fire-throwers.", "History of France __knowledge__ The first written records for the history of France appear in the Iron Age.", "History of France __knowledge__ What is now France made up the bulk of the region known to the Romans as Gaul.", "History of France __knowledge__ Roman writers noted the presence of three main ethno-linguistic groups in the area: the Gauls, the Aquitani, and the Belgae.", "History of France __knowledge__ The Gauls, the largest and best attested group, were Celtic people speaking what is known as the Gaulish language.", "History of France __knowledge__ Over the course of the 1st millennium BC the Greeks, Romans and Carthaginians established colonies on the Mediterranean coast and the offshore islands.", "History of France __knowledge__ The Roman Republic annexed southern Gaul as the province of Gallia Narbonensis in the late 2nd century BC, and Roman forces under Julius Caesar conquered the rest of Gaul in the Gallic Wars of 58–51 BC.", "2016–17 BYU Cougars women's basketball team __knowledge__ The 2016–17 BYU Cougars women's basketball team represented Brigham Young University during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.", "2016–17 BYU Cougars women's basketball team __knowledge__ It was head coach Jeff Judkins's sixteenth season at BYU.", "2016–17 BYU Cougars women's basketball team __knowledge__ The Cougars, members of the West Coast Conference, play their home games at the Marriott Center.", "2016–17 BYU Cougars women's basketball team __knowledge__ They finished the season 20–12, 13–5 in WCC play to finish in a tie for second place.", "2016–17 BYU Cougars women's basketball team __knowledge__ They advanced to the semifinals of the WCC Women's Tournament where they lost to Saint Mary's.", "2016–17 BYU Cougars women's basketball team __knowledge__ They received an automatic bid to the WNIT where they lost to Washington State in the first round.", "2016–17 BYU Cougars women's basketball team __knowledge__ 22 Cougar games that don't conflict with men's basketball or football games will be featured live on BYU Radio, found nationwide on Dish Network 980, on Sirius XM 143, and online at www.byuradio.org.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ The \"Deltora\" series features a wide line of characters, both important and minor.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ The series also features many different monsters and creatures that appeared in all of the many different books.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ This article is a list of the many different characters and creatures that have appeared in the Deltora series.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ Lief was raised as a blacksmith's son in the run-down city of Del after the invasion.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ Hot-headed and impatient at the start of the series, all he wanted to do was go out and explore the city.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ On the night of his sixteenth birthday, he leaves on his father's quest to restore the Belt of Deltora, the only thing that can save their land and the heir from the tyranny of the Shadow Lord.", "Worshipful Company of Barbers __knowledge__ The Worshipful Company of Barbers is one of the Livery Companies of the City of London, and ranks 17th in precedence.", "Worshipful Company of Barbers __knowledge__ The Fellowship of Surgeons merged with the Barbers' Company in 1540, forming the Company of Barbers and Surgeons, but after the rising professionalism of the trade broke away in 1745 to form what would become the Royal College of Surgeons.", "Worshipful Company of Barbers __knowledge__ The Company no longer retains an association with the hairdressing profession, and principally acts as a charitable institution for medical and surgical causes.", "Worshipful Company of Barbers __knowledge__ In modern times, between one-third and one-half of the Company's liverymen are surgeons, dentists or other medical practitioners.", "Boshin War __knowledge__ The , sometimes known as the Japanese Revolution, was a civil war in Japan, fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and those seeking to return political power to the Imperial Court.", "Boshin War __knowledge__ The war found its origins in dissatisfaction among many nobles and young samurai with the shogunate's handling of foreigners following the opening of Japan during the prior decade.", "Boshin War __knowledge__ Increasing Western influence in the economy led to a decline similar to other Asian countries at the time.", "Boshin War __knowledge__ An alliance of western samurai, particularly the domains of Chōshū, Satsuma and Tosa, and court officials, secured control of the Imperial Court and influenced the young Emperor Meiji.", "Barber surgeon __knowledge__ The barber surgeon, one of the most common European medical practitioners of the Middle Ages, was generally charged with caring for soldiers during and after battle.", "Barber surgeon __knowledge__ In this era, surgery was seldom conducted by physicians, but instead by barbers, who, in having razors indispensable to their trade, were called upon for numerous tasks ranging from cutting hair to amputating limbs.", "Barber surgeon __knowledge__ In this period, surgical mortality was very high, due to blood loss and infection.", "Barber surgeon __knowledge__ Yet since doctors thought that blood letting treated illness, barbers also applied leeches.", "Barber surgeon __knowledge__ Meanwhile, physicians considered themselves to be above surgery." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dentist __knowledge__ A dentist, also known as a dental surgeon, is a surgeon who specializes in dentistry, the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and in some states, dental therapists.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In China as well as France, the first people to perform dentistry were barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ They have been categorized into 2 distinct groups: guild of barbers and lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The first group, the Guild of Barbers, was created to distinguish more educated and qualified dental surgeons from lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Guild barbers were trained to do complex surgeries.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The second group, the lay barbers, were qualified to perform regular hygienic services such as shaving and tooth extraction as well as basic surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ However, in 1400 France made decrees prohibiting lay barbers from practicing all types of surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In Germany as well as France from 1530 to 1575 publications completely devoted to dentistry were being published.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Ambrose Pare, often known as the Father of Surgery, published his own work about the proper maintenance and treatment of teeth.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Well-being is a much-studied topic in psychology, especially positive psychology.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Related concepts are eudaimonia, happiness, flourishing, quality of life, contentment, and meaningful life.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Central theories are Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being, Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being, Corey Keyes' work on flourishing, and Seligmann's contributions to positive psychology and his theories on \"authentic happiness\" and P.E.R.M.A.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Positive psychology is concerned with eudaimonia, \"the good life\" or flourishing, living according to what holds the greatest value in life – the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Extract, transform, load __knowledge__ In computing, extract, transform, load (ETL) refers to a process in database usage and especially in data warehousing.", "Extract, transform, load __knowledge__ The ETL process became a popular concept in the 1970s.", "Extract, transform, load __knowledge__ Data extraction is where data is extracted from homogeneous or heterogeneous data sources; data transformation is where the data is transformed for storing in the proper format or structure for the purposes of querying and analysis; data loading where the data is loaded into the final target database, more specifically, an operational data store, data mart, or data warehouse.", "Extract, transform, load __knowledge__ Since the data extraction takes time, it is common to execute the three phases in parallel.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ The tendency of the rate of profit to fall (TRPF) is a hypothesis in economics and political economy, most famously expounded by Karl Marx in chapter 13 of \"Capital, Volume III\".", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ Although not accepted in 20th century mainstream economics, the existence of such a tendency was widely noted throughout the 19th century.", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ Economists as diverse as Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill, David Ricardo and Stanley Jevons referred explicitly to the TRPF as an empirical phenomenon that needed to be explained.", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ They differed in the reasons they gave for why the TRPF might necessarily occur.", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ In his 1857 \"Grundrisse\" manuscript, Karl Marx called the tendency of the rate of profit to fall \"the most important law of political economy\" and sought to give a causal explanation for it, in terms of his theory of capital accumulation.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ Networked advocacy or net-centric advocacy refers to a specific type of advocacy.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ While networked advocacy has existed for centuries, it has become significantly more efficacious in recent years due in large part to the widespread availability of the internet, mobile telephones, and related communications technologies that enable users to overcome the transaction costs of collective action.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ The study of networked advocacy draws on interdisciplinary sources, including communication theory, political science, and sociology.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ Theories of networked advocacy have been heavily influenced by social movement literature, and refer to the preexisting networks used to create and support collective actions and advocacy as well as the networks that such actions and advocacy create.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ Dentistry throughout the world is practised differently, and training in dentistry varies as well.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ Australian dentistry is overseen by the Australian Dental Council and the Dental Board of Australia The professional body for dentists is the Australian Dental Association.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ Dentists trained in Australia must meet the entry requirements of one of the Australian institutions offering dental courses, and then complete the required full-time academic training leading to a dental degree.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ If dentists wish to specialize, they must complete extra study after having had clinical experience.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ In order to practice dentistry in Australia (as of July 2010) you must obtain registration and licensing from the nationalized Dental Board of Australia.", "Un, dos, tres... responda otra vez __knowledge__ Un, dos, tres... responda otra vez (), usually shortened as Un, dos, tres..., and named Un, dos, tres... a leer esta vez () in its last season, was a Spanish prime-time television game show, created by Narciso Ibáñez Serrador, which was broadcast on La Primera Cadena of Televisión Española for ten seasons from 1972 to 2004.", "Un, dos, tres... responda otra vez __knowledge__ It became the most famous game show in the history of television in Spain and it was the first television show format exported outside Spain, with versions aired in the United Kingdom, Portugal, the Netherlands, Germany and Belgium.", "Un, dos, tres... responda otra vez __knowledge__ Narciso (alias Chicho) Ibáñez Serrador created the show as a mixture of different traditional game show formats.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Dentistry is a branch of medicine that consists of the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral cavity, commonly in the dentition but also the oral mucosa, and of adjacent and related structures and tissues, particularly in the maxillofacial (jaw and facial) area.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Although primarily associated with teeth among the general public, the field of dentistry or dental medicine is not limited to teeth but includes other aspects of the craniofacial complex including the temporomandibular and other supporting structures.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Dentistry is often also understood to subsume the now largely defunct medical specialty of stomatology (the study of the mouth and its disorders and diseases) for which reason the two terms are used interchangeably in certain regions.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "Special needs dentistry __knowledge__ Special needs dentistry, also known as special care dentistry, is a speciality of dentistry concerned with the oral health of people who have intellectual disability, or who are affected by other medical, physical, or psychiatric issues.", "Special needs dentistry __knowledge__ Special needs dentists require an extra three years of postgraduate training after attaining their dental degree.", "Special needs dentistry __knowledge__ They are then eligible for Board Certification by the American Board of Special Care Dentistry (Diplomate ABSCD) or Fellowship with the Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons (FRACDS (SND)).", "Special needs dentistry __knowledge__ The oral health therapist have incorporated studies to allow for their scope of practice to cover working with people with special needs.", "United States Navy Dental Corps __knowledge__ The Dental Corps of the United States Navy consists of naval officers who have a doctorate in either dental surgery (DDS) or dental medicine (DMD) and who practice dentistry for Sailors and Marines to ensure optimal oral health.", "United States Navy Dental Corps __knowledge__ The U.S. Navy Dental Corps was established by an Act of Congress in 1912.", "United States Navy Dental Corps __knowledge__ Its membership consists of dental officers of the Navy and the United States Navy Reserve.", "United States Navy Dental Corps __knowledge__ The primary mission of the Corps is to prevent or remedy dental conditions that may interfere with the performance of duty by members of the active naval forces.", "United States Navy Dental Corps __knowledge__ In overseas locations, they sometimes also treat dependent family members." ] ]

[ 4, 8, 9, 10, 0 ]

[ "Funny you should ask, I just went to the dentist on Wednesday. I was recently told how dentistry originated in China. I had no idea.", "Well actually barbers were the ones to perform hygienic services as well as surgeries. Scary, right??!!", "Probably not. So I guess you aren't alone since France made decress prohibiting barbers from practicing all types of surgery in 1400. Wise move I think.", "Well now that's fascinating! I read where publications devoted to dentistry began to be published in the 1530's. So to answer your first question, I'm really not fond of going to the dentist...or the barber now lol. ", "No razors or scissors in my mouth, thank you. Thank goodness for modern medicine!" ]

[ "Dentist", "Dentist", "Dentist", "Dentist", "Dentist" ]

[ "Skateboarding\nHey there, my name is Tracy. I want to know how long it would take to get good at skateboarding.", "I am just learning. But I am a girl. I find it a little hard getting started because guys seem to dominate it.", "What are the best moves to learn for a beginner.", "Who are your favorite skateboarders?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding is an action sport which involves riding and performing tricks using a skateboard.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding can also be considered a recreational activity, an art form, a job, or a method of transportation.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding has been shaped and influenced by many skateboarders throughout the years.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ A 2009 report found that the skateboarding market is worth an estimated $4.8 billion in annual revenue with 11.08 million active skateboarders in the world.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ In 2016, it was announced that skateboarding will be represented at the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Since the 1970s, skateparks have been constructed specifically for use by skateboarders, Freestyle BMXers, aggressive skaters, and very recently, scooters.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ However, skateboarding has become controversial in areas in which the activity, although illegal, has damaged curbs, stoneworks, steps, benches, plazas and parks.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ The first skateboards started with wooden boxes, or boards, with roller skate wheels attached to the bottom.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Crate scooters preceded skateboards, having a wooden crate attached to the nose (front of the board), which formed rudimentary handlebars.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ The boxes turned into planks, similar to the skateboard decks of today.", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ John Rodney Mullen (born August 17, 1966) is an American professional skateboarder, entrepreneur, inventor, and public speaker who practices freestyle and street skateboarding.", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ He is widely considered the most influential street skater in the history of the sport, being credited for inventing numerous tricks, including the kickflip, heelflip, impossible, and 360-flip.", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ As a result, he has been called the \"Godfather of Street Skateboarding.\"", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ Rodney Mullen won his first world skateboard championship at the age of 14; over the following decade, he won 35 out of 36 freestyle contests, thus establishing the most successful competitive run in the history of the sport.", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ \"30 Rock\" is an American television comedy series created by Tina Fey, which aired on NBC.", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ The series takes place behind the scenes of a fictional live sketch comedy series, also airing on NBC; the name \"30 Rock\" refers to the address of the GE Building, where NBC Studios is located (30 Rockefeller Plaza).", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ The series has an ensemble cast consisting of 14 regular cast members: Tina Fey, Alec Baldwin, Tracy Morgan, Jane Krakowski, Jack McBrayer, Scott Adsit, Judah Friedlander, Katrina Bowden, Keith Powell, Lonny Ross, John Lutz, Kevin Brown, Grizz Chapman, and Maulik Pancholy.", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ The series features seven characters appearing during the opening credits: There are another seven characters not appearing during the opening credits but also receiving star billing.", "Tracy Barlow __knowledge__ Tracy Lynette Barlow (also Langton, Preston, Cropper and McDonald) is a fictional character and the main antagonist from the British ITV soap opera, \"Coronation Street\".", "Tracy Barlow __knowledge__ She was born on screen during the episode broadcast on 24 January 1977.", "Tracy Barlow __knowledge__ She was played by Christabel Finch until 21 November 1983.", "Tracy Barlow __knowledge__ Holly Chamarette played the role from 8 July 1985 until 23 March 1988.", "Tracy Barlow __knowledge__ Dawn Acton played the role from 12 December 1988, until 14 June 1995, Acton reprised the role in November 1996, and departed in December 1997.", "Tracy Barlow __knowledge__ She reprised the role once again on 17 March 1999 and made her final appearance as Tracy on 10 October 1999.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that were introduced in CBBC's \"Tracy Beaker Returns\".", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ The series is based on The Story of Tracy Beaker by Jacqueline Wilson.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ It ran on for three series from 2010 to 2012.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ The series follows \"The Story of Tracy Beaker\" that ran for five series from 2002 to 2005 and it is followed by \"The Dumping Ground\" that has aired since 2013.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ Connor Byrne has played the role of Mike Milligan for all three programmes.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ Dani Harmer and Lisa Coleman reprised their roles as Tracy Beaker and Cam Lawson for \"Tracy Beaker Returns\".", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ Gina Conway, played by Kay Purcell, is a careworker at \"Elm Tree House\" in \"Tracy Beaker Returns\" and the first series of \"The Dumping Ground\".", "Lewis Marnell __knowledge__ Lewis Kristian Marnell (3 December 1982 – 18 January 2013) was a professional skateboarder from Melbourne, Australia who was Slam Magazine's 2008 \"Skater of the Year\".", "Lewis Marnell __knowledge__ Marnell died in January 2013, following complications related to type 1 (juvenile) diabetes, a condition that was diagnosed when he was 10 years old.", "Lewis Marnell __knowledge__ Numerous tributes were published following Marnell's death and his longtime skateboard deck sponsor, Almost Skateboards, continues to use the hashtag \"#LewisMarnellForever\"—on 15 and 29 July 2014, the company published the hashtag with 2006 video footage of Marnell skateboarding in Japan.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ Daewon David Song (born February 17, 1975) is a Korean-born American professional skateboarder, recognized for his skillful technical street skateboarding.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ He is a co-owner of Almost Skateboards, along with Rodney Mullen, and also skates for the company alongside other sponsored team riders.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ Song was named the 2006 \"Skater of the Year\" by \"Thrasher\" magazine, an award that is widely considered to be one of the most significant honors in skateboarding.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ Song, a Korean American, was born in Seoul, South Korea, and grew up in Gardena, California, following a year spent with his grandmother in Hawaii, US." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding is an action sport which involves riding and performing tricks using a skateboard.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding can also be considered a recreational activity, an art form, a job, or a method of transportation.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding has been shaped and influenced by many skateboarders throughout the years.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ A 2009 report found that the skateboarding market is worth an estimated $4.8 billion in annual revenue with 11.08 million active skateboarders in the world.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ In 2016, it was announced that skateboarding will be represented at the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Since the 1970s, skateparks have been constructed specifically for use by skateboarders, Freestyle BMXers, aggressive skaters, and very recently, scooters.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ However, skateboarding has become controversial in areas in which the activity, although illegal, has damaged curbs, stoneworks, steps, benches, plazas and parks.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ The first skateboards started with wooden boxes, or boards, with roller skate wheels attached to the bottom.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Crate scooters preceded skateboards, having a wooden crate attached to the nose (front of the board), which formed rudimentary handlebars.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ The boxes turned into planks, similar to the skateboard decks of today.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ This a list of fictional characters in the television series, Big Time Rush.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ The article deals with main, recurring, minor character and notable guest stars.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ Kendall Knight (Kendall Schmidt) is the leader and founder of Big Time Rush (despite being the youngest) when he accepts to move to Los Angeles and record demos only if Gustavo brings James, Carlos, and Logan along to make them all a band.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He is portrayed as the glue that keeps the band together.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He manages to stay cool under pressure (described as \"Cool Rush\") and figure out solutions to problems, thus often resulting in the other guys running to Kendall when they have a problem, being the most mature and responsible member of Big Time Rush.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of The Big Bang Theory characters __knowledge__ The American television sitcom \"The Big Bang Theory\", created and executive produced by Chuck Lorre and Bill Prady, premiered on CBS on September 24, 2007.", "List of The Big Bang Theory characters __knowledge__ The series initially centers on five characters: roommates Leonard Hofstadter and Sheldon Cooper, two Caltech physicists; Penny, a waitress and aspiring actress who lives across the hall; and Leonard and Sheldon's friends and co-workers aerospace engineer Howard Wolowitz, and astrophysicist Raj Koothrappali.", "List of The Big Bang Theory characters __knowledge__ Over time, several supporting characters have been introduced and promoted to starring roles, including Leslie Winkle, Amy Farrah Fowler, Bernadette Rostenkowski-Wolowitz, Stuart Bloom, and Emily Sweeney.", "List of Kung Fu Panda characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the DreamWorks animated film media franchise \"Kung Fu Panda\", with their shorts and specials \"Secrets of the Furious Five\", \"Kung Fu Panda Holiday\", \"\", and \"\", as well as the video games and TV show \"\".", "List of Kung Fu Panda characters __knowledge__ The world of \"Kung Fu Panda\" is a fantasized version of ancient China as typically depicted in the wuxia film genre populated by anthropomorphized Asian animals where the martial arts can have magical qualities on top of extraordinary physical prowess for those sufficiently skilled.", "List of Kung Fu Panda characters __knowledge__ Master Po Ping (Chinese for \"Precious Peace\"), born Lotus Shan, is the titular protagonist of the \"Kung Fu Panda\" franchise.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appear in \"\".", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are listed in alphabetical order.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Most characters are seen in their classic appearance (Catwoman, Green Arrow), while others (Blue Beetle) have their current costume.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Some have even been re-imagined for the show (the Outsiders).", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are described below using in-universe tone.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ 'Mazing Man is a short man who dresses up as a superhero.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ In the \"Kitty Catastrophe\" segment of \"Four Star Spectacular\", he is the accident-prone catsitter for a couple named Owen and Fiona.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ It is apparent that Batman is his favorite superhero and the inspiration for his costume.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ Daewon David Song (born February 17, 1975) is a Korean-born American professional skateboarder, recognized for his skillful technical street skateboarding.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ He is a co-owner of Almost Skateboards, along with Rodney Mullen, and also skates for the company alongside other sponsored team riders.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ Song was named the 2006 \"Skater of the Year\" by \"Thrasher\" magazine, an award that is widely considered to be one of the most significant honors in skateboarding.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ Song, a Korean American, was born in Seoul, South Korea, and grew up in Gardena, California, following a year spent with his grandmother in Hawaii, US.", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ John Rodney Mullen (born August 17, 1966) is an American professional skateboarder, entrepreneur, inventor, and public speaker who practices freestyle and street skateboarding.", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ He is widely considered the most influential street skater in the history of the sport, being credited for inventing numerous tricks, including the kickflip, heelflip, impossible, and 360-flip.", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ As a result, he has been called the \"Godfather of Street Skateboarding.\"", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ Rodney Mullen won his first world skateboard championship at the age of 14; over the following decade, he won 35 out of 36 freestyle contests, thus establishing the most successful competitive run in the history of the sport.", "Guy Mariano __knowledge__ Guy Mariano (born March 31, 1976) is a professional skateboarder who gained recognition at the age of fourteen for his video part in the Blind Skateboards video \"Video Days\" (1991).", "Guy Mariano __knowledge__ Mariano attended John Burroughs High School in Burbank, California.", "Guy Mariano __knowledge__ Val Surf, a Californian retail outlet, was Mariano's first ever sponsor.", "Guy Mariano __knowledge__ Mariano's first skateboard deck sponsor was Powell Peralta and he appeared in the company's video \"Ban This\", alongside Paulo Diaz, Rudy Johnson, and Gabriel Rodriguez.", "Guy Mariano __knowledge__ Together with Mark Gonzales, Jason Lee, Jordan Richter, and Rudy Johnson, Mariano appeared in the Blind video, \"Video Days\", considered a classic achievement in skateboarding history.", "Diving safety __knowledge__ The safety of underwater diving depends on four factors: the environment, the equipment, behaviour of the individual diver and performance of the dive team.", "Diving safety __knowledge__ The underwater environment can impose severe physical and psychological stress on a diver, and is mostly beyond the diver's control.", "Diving safety __knowledge__ Equipment is used to operate underwater for anything beyond very short periods, and the reliable function of some of the equipment is critical to even short term survival.", "Diving safety __knowledge__ Other equipment allows the diver to operate in relative comfort and efficiency.", "Diving safety __knowledge__ The performance of the individual diver depends on learned skills, many of which are not intuitive, and the performance of the team depends on communication and common goals.", "Skatepark __knowledge__ A skatepark, or skate park, is a purpose-built recreational environment made for skateboarding, BMX, scooter, wheelchair, and aggressive inline skating.", "Skatepark __knowledge__ A skatepark may contain half-pipes, quarter pipes, spine transfers, handrails, funboxes, vert ramps, pyramids, banked ramps, full pipes, pools, bowls, snake runs, stairsets, and any number of other objects.", "Skatepark __knowledge__ The first skatepark in the world, Surf City at 2169 E. Speedway, Tucson, Arizona opened for business on September 3, 1965.", "Skatepark __knowledge__ Patti McGee, Women’s National Champion, was here for the grand opening.", "Skatepark __knowledge__ It had concrete ramps and was operated by Arizona Surf City Enterprises, Inc. A skatepark for skateboarders and skaters which had plywood ramps on a half-acre lot in Kelso, Washington, USA opened in April 1966.", "Human factors in diving safety __knowledge__ Human factors are the physical or cognitive properties of individuals, or social behavior which is specific to humans, and influence functioning of technological systems as well as human-environment equilibria.", "Human factors in diving safety __knowledge__ The safety of underwater diving operations can be improved by reducing the frequency of human error and the consequences when it does occur.", "Human factors in diving safety __knowledge__ Human error can be defined as an individual's deviation from acceptable or desirable practice which culminates in undesirable or unexpected results.", "Human factors in diving safety __knowledge__ Dive safety is primarily a function of four factors: the environment, equipment, individual diver performance and dive team performance." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding is an action sport which involves riding and performing tricks using a skateboard.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding can also be considered a recreational activity, an art form, a job, or a method of transportation.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding has been shaped and influenced by many skateboarders throughout the years.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ A 2009 report found that the skateboarding market is worth an estimated $4.8 billion in annual revenue with 11.08 million active skateboarders in the world.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ In 2016, it was announced that skateboarding will be represented at the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Since the 1970s, skateparks have been constructed specifically for use by skateboarders, Freestyle BMXers, aggressive skaters, and very recently, scooters.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ However, skateboarding has become controversial in areas in which the activity, although illegal, has damaged curbs, stoneworks, steps, benches, plazas and parks.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ The first skateboards started with wooden boxes, or boards, with roller skate wheels attached to the bottom.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Crate scooters preceded skateboards, having a wooden crate attached to the nose (front of the board), which formed rudimentary handlebars.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ The boxes turned into planks, similar to the skateboard decks of today.", "Modern Jive __knowledge__ Modern Jive is a dance style derived from swing, Lindy Hop, rock and roll, salsa and others, the main innovation being to simplify the footwork - by removing syncopation such as chasse.", "Modern Jive __knowledge__ The term French Jive is occasionally used instead, reflecting the origins of the style.", "Modern Jive __knowledge__ The word \"modern\" distinguishes it from ballroom Jive.", "Modern Jive __knowledge__ Modern Jive was developed in the United Kingdom during the 1980s at three London-based clubs, 'Ceroc', 'Le Roc' and 'Cosmopolitan Jive'.", "Modern Jive __knowledge__ The style was based upon a type of Jive that had evolved in France in the aftermath of World War II, when American dances such as the Jitterbug had been popular due to the presence of the American military.", "Shimmy (TV series) __knowledge__ Shimmy is a fitness television series broadcast in Canada on ONE: The Mind and Body Channel that emphasizes the health benefits of belly dance.", "Shimmy (TV series) __knowledge__ The twenty six episode series was designed by Kim Pechet, a belly dance instructor and fitness professional.", "Shimmy (TV series) __knowledge__ An original Canadian production, \"Shimmy\" premiered October 1, 2007 on ACCESS and CLT in Canada as well as in the United States on Discovery Health and OWN.", "Shimmy (TV series) __knowledge__ \"Shimmy\" has been broadcast throughout Central and South America, Germany, and India as well as in Canada and the United States.", "Shimmy (TV series) __knowledge__ Each episode begins with a warm up to increase flexibility and to prepare the body for the teaching section.", "Computer shogi __knowledge__ Computer shogi is a field of artificial intelligence concerned with the creation of computer programs which can play shogi.", "Computer shogi __knowledge__ The research and development of shogi software has been carried out mainly by freelance programmers, university research groups and private companies.", "Computer shogi __knowledge__ By 2017, the strongest programs were outperforming the strongest human players.", "Computer shogi __knowledge__ Shogi has the distinctive feature of reusing captured pieces.", "Computer shogi __knowledge__ Therefore, shogi has a higher branching factor than other chess variants.", "Computer shogi __knowledge__ The computer has more positions to examine because each piece in hand can be dropped on many squares.", "Computer shogi __knowledge__ This gives shogi the highest number of legal positions and the highest number of possible games of all the popular chess variants.", "Move (Japanese band) __knowledge__ Move (styled as M.O.V.E or m.o.v.e, and previously as move) were a Japanese Eurobeat band.", "Move (Japanese band) __knowledge__ The band consisted of record producer t-kimura (), rapper motsu () and singer yuri ().", "Move (Japanese band) __knowledge__ t-kimura left the band in 2008. t-kimura formed the band move and by 1997 they released their first single \"Rock it Down\", but they achieved fame when their follow-up single, \"Around the world\" was used in the anime \"Initial D\".", "Move (Japanese band) __knowledge__ In 2005, the band changed their name by adding abbreviation marks between letters and are currently still signed with Avex Group.", "Move (Japanese band) __knowledge__ The same year, the band traveled to the United States and performed at the Anime USA convention in Northern Virginia.", "Killer heuristic __knowledge__ In competitive two-player games, the killer heuristic is a technique for improving the efficiency of alpha-beta pruning, which in turn improves the efficiency of the minimax algorithm.", "Killer heuristic __knowledge__ This algorithm has an exponential search time to find the optimal next move, so general methods for speeding it up are very useful.", "Killer heuristic __knowledge__ Alpha-beta pruning works best when the best moves are considered first.", "Killer heuristic __knowledge__ This is because the best moves are the ones most likely to produce a \"cutoff\", a condition where the game playing program knows that the position it is considering could not possibly have resulted from best play by both sides and so need not be considered further.", "Chess engine __knowledge__ In computer chess, a chess engine is a computer program that analyses chess or chess variant positions and makes decisions on the best chess moves.", "Chess engine __knowledge__ The chess engine decides which moves to make, but typically does not interact directly with the user.", "Chess engine __knowledge__ Most chess engines do not have their own graphical user interface (GUI) but are rather console applications that communicate with a GUI such as Chessbase, XBoard, WinBoard or Gnome Chess via a standard protocol.", "Chess engine __knowledge__ This allows the user to play against multiple engines without learning a new user interface for each, and allows different engines to play against each other.", "Computer chess __knowledge__ Computer chess is a game of computer architecture encompassing hardware and software capable of playing chess autonomously without human guidance.", "Computer chess __knowledge__ Computer chess acts as solo entertainment (allowing players to practice and to better themselves when no sufficiently strong human opponents are available), as aids to chess analysis, for computer chess competitions, and as research to provide insights into human cognition.", "Computer chess __knowledge__ Current chess engines are able to defeat even the strongest human players under normal conditions.", "Computer chess __knowledge__ Whether computation could ever solve chess remains an open question.", "Computer chess __knowledge__ Chess-playing computers are now accessible to the average consumer.", "Skatepark __knowledge__ A skatepark, or skate park, is a purpose-built recreational environment made for skateboarding, BMX, scooter, wheelchair, and aggressive inline skating.", "Skatepark __knowledge__ A skatepark may contain half-pipes, quarter pipes, spine transfers, handrails, funboxes, vert ramps, pyramids, banked ramps, full pipes, pools, bowls, snake runs, stairsets, and any number of other objects.", "Skatepark __knowledge__ The first skatepark in the world, Surf City at 2169 E. Speedway, Tucson, Arizona opened for business on September 3, 1965.", "Skatepark __knowledge__ Patti McGee, Women’s National Champion, was here for the grand opening.", "Skatepark __knowledge__ It had concrete ramps and was operated by Arizona Surf City Enterprises, Inc. A skatepark for skateboarders and skaters which had plywood ramps on a half-acre lot in Kelso, Washington, USA opened in April 1966.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ Daewon David Song (born February 17, 1975) is a Korean-born American professional skateboarder, recognized for his skillful technical street skateboarding.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ He is a co-owner of Almost Skateboards, along with Rodney Mullen, and also skates for the company alongside other sponsored team riders.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ Song was named the 2006 \"Skater of the Year\" by \"Thrasher\" magazine, an award that is widely considered to be one of the most significant honors in skateboarding.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ Song, a Korean American, was born in Seoul, South Korea, and grew up in Gardena, California, following a year spent with his grandmother in Hawaii, US.", "Skateboarding in China __knowledge__ Skateboarding arrived in China in April 1986 when an American skateboarder arrived in China to study Chinese at the Beijing Language Institute.", "Skateboarding in China __knowledge__ He says, \"When I arrived in China, there wasn't even a word in Chinese for skateboard.", "Skateboarding in China __knowledge__ People were really interested in learning to ride, and in a few years Chinese skaters started appearing in almost every city I travelled to\".", "Skateboarding in China __knowledge__ Domestic skate companies and retailers began to appear at around the turn of the century, bringing the average price for a skateboard of ordinary quality down from an expensive 1000 yuan to around 280 yuan as of 2009.", "Skateboarding in China __knowledge__ Skateboarding has been slow to develop in China because of the lack of a strong preexisting street culture and of skating infrastructure; nevertheless, it's estimated that as of 2009 there are 40,000 to 50,000 skateboarders in China.", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ John Rodney Mullen (born August 17, 1966) is an American professional skateboarder, entrepreneur, inventor, and public speaker who practices freestyle and street skateboarding.", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ He is widely considered the most influential street skater in the history of the sport, being credited for inventing numerous tricks, including the kickflip, heelflip, impossible, and 360-flip.", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ As a result, he has been called the \"Godfather of Street Skateboarding.\"", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ Rodney Mullen won his first world skateboard championship at the age of 14; over the following decade, he won 35 out of 36 freestyle contests, thus establishing the most successful competitive run in the history of the sport.", "Lewis Marnell __knowledge__ Lewis Kristian Marnell (3 December 1982 – 18 January 2013) was a professional skateboarder from Melbourne, Australia who was Slam Magazine's 2008 \"Skater of the Year\".", "Lewis Marnell __knowledge__ Marnell died in January 2013, following complications related to type 1 (juvenile) diabetes, a condition that was diagnosed when he was 10 years old.", "Lewis Marnell __knowledge__ Numerous tributes were published following Marnell's death and his longtime skateboard deck sponsor, Almost Skateboards, continues to use the hashtag \"#LewisMarnellForever\"—on 15 and 29 July 2014, the company published the hashtag with 2006 video footage of Marnell skateboarding in Japan.", "Reedville Creek Park __knowledge__ Reedville Creek Park is a municipal park in the Reedville neighborhood of Hillsboro, Oregon, United States.", "Reedville Creek Park __knowledge__ Opened in 2003, the park is along Cornelius Pass Road at Francis Street in the southeast area of the city.", "Reedville Creek Park __knowledge__ The park includes basketball courts, children’s play equipment, a picnic shelter, tennis courts, and sports fields among other amenities.", "Reedville Creek Park __knowledge__ Reedville Creek was the first and is the only park in Hillsboro with a skatepark.", "Reedville Creek Park __knowledge__ In 1999, Hillsboro bought a parcel for park to be built at Cornelius Pass Road and Francis Street.", "Reedville Creek Park __knowledge__ The land, which abuts Reedville Creek, was a filbert orchard when the city made the purchase." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding is an action sport which involves riding and performing tricks using a skateboard.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding can also be considered a recreational activity, an art form, a job, or a method of transportation.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding has been shaped and influenced by many skateboarders throughout the years.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ A 2009 report found that the skateboarding market is worth an estimated $4.8 billion in annual revenue with 11.08 million active skateboarders in the world.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ In 2016, it was announced that skateboarding will be represented at the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Since the 1970s, skateparks have been constructed specifically for use by skateboarders, Freestyle BMXers, aggressive skaters, and very recently, scooters.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ However, skateboarding has become controversial in areas in which the activity, although illegal, has damaged curbs, stoneworks, steps, benches, plazas and parks.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ The first skateboards started with wooden boxes, or boards, with roller skate wheels attached to the bottom.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Crate scooters preceded skateboards, having a wooden crate attached to the nose (front of the board), which formed rudimentary handlebars.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ The boxes turned into planks, similar to the skateboard decks of today.", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ John Rodney Mullen (born August 17, 1966) is an American professional skateboarder, entrepreneur, inventor, and public speaker who practices freestyle and street skateboarding.", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ He is widely considered the most influential street skater in the history of the sport, being credited for inventing numerous tricks, including the kickflip, heelflip, impossible, and 360-flip.", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ As a result, he has been called the \"Godfather of Street Skateboarding.\"", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ Rodney Mullen won his first world skateboard championship at the age of 14; over the following decade, he won 35 out of 36 freestyle contests, thus establishing the most successful competitive run in the history of the sport.", "The Berrics __knowledge__ The Berrics is a private indoor skatepark owned by professional skateboarders Steve Berra and Eric Koston.", "The Berrics __knowledge__ It is also a website providing content filmed in the skatepark, as well other skateboard-related media.", "The Berrics __knowledge__ The facility's name is a portmanteau of the owners' names (the \"Ber\" of Berra's surname and the \"ric\" of Koston's first name).", "The Berrics __knowledge__ In an interview with \"Pop\" magazine, Berra revealed that prior to the launch of The Berrics, he had been offered a million-dollar deal to direct a film based on a screenplay that he had written.", "The Berrics __knowledge__ Due to filming commitments for his skateboard deck sponsor, Alien Workshop, Berra declined the offer and later commenced work on The Berrics concept following a period of reflection: All I wanted to do is I knew we have this hook because there were a lot of kids that always would ask Eric and I about our building.", "Mel Lattany __knowledge__ Melvin Lattany (born August 10, 1959 in Brunswick, Georgia) is a former American track athlete.", "Mel Lattany __knowledge__ He was one of the world's dominating sprinters in the early 1980s.", "Mel Lattany __knowledge__ A standout at the University of Georgia, he established a new Men's World Junior Record over 100 metres on July 30, 1978.", "Mel Lattany __knowledge__ Lattany qualified for the 1980 US Olympic team but was unable to compete due to the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott.", "Mel Lattany __knowledge__ He did however receive one of 461 Congressional Gold Medals created especially for the spurned athletes.", "Mel Lattany __knowledge__ He won a gold medal over 100 meters at the 1981 Summer Universiade, and over 200 meters at the 1981 IAAF World Cup.", "Allan Wells __knowledge__ Allan Wipper Wells (born 3 May 1952) is a former British track and field sprinter who became the 100 metres Olympic champion at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.", "Allan Wells __knowledge__ Within a fortnight of that, he also took on and beat America's best sprinters at an invitational meeting in Koblenz.", "Allan Wells __knowledge__ In 1981, Wells was both the IAAF Golden Sprints and IAAF World Cup gold medallist.", "Allan Wells __knowledge__ He is also a three-time European Cup gold medallist among many other sprint successes.", "Allan Wells __knowledge__ He was a multiple medallist for his native Scotland at the Commonwealth Games, winning two golds at the 1978 Commonwealth Games and completing a 100 metres/200 metres sprint double at the 1982 Commonwealth Games.", "Erik Ellington __knowledge__ Erik Ellington is an American professional skateboarder and co-owner of skateboard brand, Deathwish, a company that forms part of the Bakerboys Distribution company.", "Erik Ellington __knowledge__ Ellington was born in Anchorage, Alaska, United States (US) and grew up in Tempe, Arizona, US.", "Erik Ellington __knowledge__ Ellington explained his early life during the filming of his \"Epicly Later'd\" episode for Vice Media's internet channel: We moved around a lot.", "Erik Ellington __knowledge__ Like, when we lived in Alaska, my stepdad, you know, like, he had money.", "Erik Ellington __knowledge__ He made a decent living; he had a, like a, body shop for cars and stuff.", "Erik Ellington __knowledge__ But then, like, you know, move back and forth, shit goes wrong up there, you know, move into a janky apartment, or what, you know, or whatever.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ Daewon David Song (born February 17, 1975) is a Korean-born American professional skateboarder, recognized for his skillful technical street skateboarding.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ He is a co-owner of Almost Skateboards, along with Rodney Mullen, and also skates for the company alongside other sponsored team riders.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ Song was named the 2006 \"Skater of the Year\" by \"Thrasher\" magazine, an award that is widely considered to be one of the most significant honors in skateboarding.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ Song, a Korean American, was born in Seoul, South Korea, and grew up in Gardena, California, following a year spent with his grandmother in Hawaii, US.", "Aerobics __knowledge__ Aerobics is a form of physical exercise that combines rhythmic aerobic exercise with stretching and strength training routines with the goal of improving all elements of fitness (flexibility, muscular strength, and cardio-vascular fitness).", "Aerobics __knowledge__ It is usually performed to music and may be practiced in a group setting led by an instructor (fitness professional), although it can be done solo and without musical accompaniment.", "Aerobics __knowledge__ With the goal of preventing illness and promoting physical fitness, practitioners perform various routines comprising a number of different dance-like exercises.", "Aerobics __knowledge__ Formal aerobics classes are divided into different levels of intensity and complexity.", "Lance Mountain __knowledge__ Robert Lance Mountain (born June 13, 1964) is a professional skateboarder and artist who was one of the prominent skateboarders throughout the 1980s, primarily due to his involvement with the Bones Brigade.", "Lance Mountain __knowledge__ As of August 2017, Mountain continues to skate professionally and his sponsors include Flip, Nike SB.", "Lance Mountain __knowledge__ , Independent Trucks, Spitfire Wheels, and Bones Bearings.", "Lance Mountain __knowledge__ Mountain was born in Pasadena, California, United States (US).", "Lance Mountain __knowledge__ Lance Mountain took first or second place in almost every amateur contest in which he participated.", "Lance Mountain __knowledge__ Mountain's first skateboard deck sponsor was Variflex, a company that he joined in 1981; Mountain then moved to the Powell-Peralta team in the following year(1982).", "Longboarding __knowledge__ Longboarding is the act of riding on a longboard.", "Longboarding __knowledge__ Longboarding also has competitive races down hill, with some riders reaching speeds exceeding 50 miles per hour.", "Longboarding __knowledge__ A longboard varies in shape and size unlike its set counterpart, the skateboard, and has more stability, traction and durability due to larger wheel size and lower wheel durometers.", "Longboarding __knowledge__ Many, but not all longboards, use trucks (axles) that contain different geometric parameters than a skateboard as well.", "Longboarding __knowledge__ These factors and their variation have given way to a variety of disciplines, functions and purposes for a longboard.", "Longboarding __knowledge__ The angles at which some longboards can turn, as well as their ability to coast long distances make them more suitable for cruising, and commuting, on streets than regular skateboards.", "Tom Penny __knowledge__ Tom Penny (born 13 April 1977) is a professional skateboarder from Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (UK).", "Tom Penny __knowledge__ As of January 2013, Penny is sponsored by the Flip skateboard deck brand and his Cheech & Chong signature deck is one of the brand's highest-selling deck products.", "Tom Penny __knowledge__ Tom Penny is widely considered one of the greatest skateboarders of all time.", "Tom Penny __knowledge__ Penny was born in Dorset, England, UK and grew up skateboarding in Oxford, England, UK.", "Tom Penny __knowledge__ He attended the Dragon School.", "Tom Penny __knowledge__ Penny has described his early years skateboarding in Oxford: When I first started skateboarding in Oxford, England, there were not so many skateboarders—there were just a few skateboarders that I grew up with." ] ]

[ 2, 61, 3, 45 ]

[ "Hello! Well honestly it depends. People love skateboarding for just recreational activity, art form, or even for a method of transportation.", "I see. Yes I agree that it's a bit aggressive activity. I am sure you heard of a skatepark, specifically built for skateboarding. Maybe you can start practicing there!", "Well there are many different moves. They have been shaped by various skateboarders throughout years.", "I don't really have one. But I can tell you Robert Lance Mountain was an amazing skateborader in the 1980s. Can't believe skateboarding goes so far back!" ]

[ "Skateboarding", "Skateboarding", "Skateboarding", "Skateboarding" ]

[ "Religion\nHi there. What do you think about religion in general? I think it's important, but I often have a tough time squaring \"going to church/synagogue/etc\" with doing good out in the world. They seem like different things!", "Maybe it's the way organized religion works. Many people paying attention to one person in a room, which means that all too often people think of whatever they want to! At least that is my experience.", "That's really interesting, I never thought of this that way. I think we are all trying to understand the larger questions of existence! ", "That's true, also. I have been pretty disappointed here in the states how religion has been used to justify certain policies. Seems like it's distorting a lot but justifying bad policies." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Religion __knowledge__ There is no scholarly consensus over what precisely constitutes a religion.", "Religion __knowledge__ It may be defined as a cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, world views, texts, sanctified places, prophesies, ethics, or organizations, that relate humanity to the supernatural, transcendental, or spiritual.", "Religion __knowledge__ Different religions may or may not contain various elements ranging from the divine, sacred things, faith, a supernatural being or supernatural beings or \"some sort of ultimacy and transcendence that will provide norms and power for the rest of life\".", "Religion __knowledge__ Religious practices may include rituals, sermons, commemoration or veneration (of deities), sacrifices, festivals, feasts, trances, initiations, funerary services, matrimonial services, meditation, prayer, music, art, dance, public service, or other aspects of human culture.", "Religion __knowledge__ Religions have sacred histories and narratives, which may be preserved in sacred scriptures, and symbols and holy places, that aim mostly to give a meaning to life.", "Religion __knowledge__ Religions may contain symbolic stories, which are sometimes said by followers to be true, that have the side purpose of explaining the origin of life, the Universe and other things.", "Religion __knowledge__ Traditionally, faith, in addition to reason, has been considered a source of religious beliefs.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The Nicomachean Ethics (; Greek: Ἠθικὰ Νικομάχεια) is the name normally given to Aristotle's best-known work on ethics.", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The work, which plays a pre-eminent role in defining Aristotelian ethics, consists of ten books, originally separate scrolls, and is understood to be based on notes from his lectures at the Lyceum.", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The title is often assumed to refer to his son Nicomachus, to whom the work was dedicated or who may have edited it (although his young age makes this less likely).", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ Alternatively, the work may have been dedicated to his father, who was also called Nicomachus.", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The theme of the work is a Socratic question previously explored in the works of Plato, Aristotle's friend and teacher, of how men should best live.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Bones\".", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ The article deals with the series' main, recurring, and minor characters.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ The following characters have been featured in the opening credits of the program.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ Temperance \"Bones\" Brennan (seasons 1–12) works as a forensic anthropologist at the Jeffersonian Institute in Washington, D.C. and is also a best–selling novelist.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ She is nicknamed \"Bones\" by FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ Brennan and Booth work together on Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) cases concerning recently found human remains.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ Although she is an expert in her field, Brennan is socially awkward and has limited knowledge about pop culture.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian Church, with over 250 million members.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history and culture of Eastern Europe, Greece (including Anatolia), the Caucasus, and the Near East.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ A communion of autocephalous churches (″jurisdictions″, or national churches), each typically governed by its own Holy Synod, its bishops are equal by virtue of ordination, with doctrines summarised in the Nicene Creed.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ The Church has no central doctrinal or governance authority analogous to the Roman Catholic Church's pope; however, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is recognised by all as primus inter pares of the bishops, and the Church of Constantinople, since the Great Schism of 1054, enjoys precedence and certain prerogatives.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Religion __knowledge__ There is no scholarly consensus over what precisely constitutes a religion.", "Religion __knowledge__ It may be defined as a cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, world views, texts, sanctified places, prophesies, ethics, or organizations, that relate humanity to the supernatural, transcendental, or spiritual.", "Religion __knowledge__ Different religions may or may not contain various elements ranging from the divine, sacred things, faith, a supernatural being or supernatural beings or \"some sort of ultimacy and transcendence that will provide norms and power for the rest of life\".", "Religion __knowledge__ Religious practices may include rituals, sermons, commemoration or veneration (of deities), sacrifices, festivals, feasts, trances, initiations, funerary services, matrimonial services, meditation, prayer, music, art, dance, public service, or other aspects of human culture.", "Religion __knowledge__ Religions have sacred histories and narratives, which may be preserved in sacred scriptures, and symbols and holy places, that aim mostly to give a meaning to life.", "Religion __knowledge__ Religions may contain symbolic stories, which are sometimes said by followers to be true, that have the side purpose of explaining the origin of life, the Universe and other things.", "Religion __knowledge__ Traditionally, faith, in addition to reason, has been considered a source of religious beliefs.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Well-being is a much-studied topic in psychology, especially positive psychology.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Related concepts are eudaimonia, happiness, flourishing, quality of life, contentment, and meaningful life.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Central theories are Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being, Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being, Corey Keyes' work on flourishing, and Seligmann's contributions to positive psychology and his theories on \"authentic happiness\" and P.E.R.M.A.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Positive psychology is concerned with eudaimonia, \"the good life\" or flourishing, living according to what holds the greatest value in life – the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ There are many varieties of criticism.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ This article describes common types that occur regularly in everyday life.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ For other criteria that classify criticisms, see this page.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ For more subject-specific information, see the pages on topics such as art, film, literature, theatre, or architecture.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ Aesthetic criticism is a part of aesthetics concerned with critically judging beauty and ugliness, tastefulness and tastelessness, style and fashion, meaning and quality of design—and issues of human sentiment and affect (the evoking of pleasure and pain, likes and dislikes).", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ Most parts of human life have an aesthetic dimension, which means there is plenty potential for criticism.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Scientology __knowledge__ Scientology is a body of religious beliefs and practices developed in 1954 by American author L. Ron Hubbard (1911–86).", "Scientology __knowledge__ Hubbard initially developed a program of ideas called Dianetics, which was distributed through the Dianetics Foundation.", "Scientology __knowledge__ The foundation soon entered bankruptcy, and Hubbard lost the rights to his seminal publication \"\" in 1952.", "Scientology __knowledge__ He then recharacterized the subject as a religion and renamed it Scientology, retaining the terminology, doctrines, the E-meter, and the practice of auditing.", "Scientology __knowledge__ Within a year, he regained the rights to Dianetics and retained both subjects under the umbrella of the Church of Scientology.", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The Nicomachean Ethics (; Greek: Ἠθικὰ Νικομάχεια) is the name normally given to Aristotle's best-known work on ethics.", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The work, which plays a pre-eminent role in defining Aristotelian ethics, consists of ten books, originally separate scrolls, and is understood to be based on notes from his lectures at the Lyceum.", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The title is often assumed to refer to his son Nicomachus, to whom the work was dedicated or who may have edited it (although his young age makes this less likely).", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ Alternatively, the work may have been dedicated to his father, who was also called Nicomachus.", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The theme of the work is a Socratic question previously explored in the works of Plato, Aristotle's friend and teacher, of how men should best live.", "English trust law __knowledge__ English trust law concerns the creation and protection of asset funds, which are usually held by one party for another's benefit.", "English trust law __knowledge__ Trusts were a creation of the English law of property and obligations, but also share a history with countries across the Commonwealth and the United States.", "English trust law __knowledge__ Trusts developed when claimants in property disputes were dissatisfied with the common law courts and petitioned the King for a just and equitable result.", "English trust law __knowledge__ On the King's behalf, the Lord Chancellor developed a parallel justice system in the Court of Chancery.", "English trust law __knowledge__ Historically, trusts were mostly used where people left money in a will, created family settlements, created charities, or some types of business venture.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Douglas Vakoch __knowledge__ Douglas Vakoch (born June 16, 1961) is an American search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) researcher, psychologist, and president of METI (Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence), a nonprofit research and educational organization devoted to transmitting intentional signals to extraterrestrial civilizations.", "Douglas Vakoch __knowledge__ On February 13, 2015 he engaged in a debate at the annual convention of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) on whether humankind should send signals to other worlds in hope of reply.", "Douglas Vakoch __knowledge__ Vakoch advocates ongoing transmission projects, arguing that this does not increase risks of an alien invasion as suggested by British cosmologist Stephen Hawking.", "Dawkins vs. Gould __knowledge__ Dawkins vs. Gould: Survival of the Fittest is a book about the differing views of biologists Richard Dawkins and Stephen Jay Gould by philosopher of biology Kim Sterelny.", "Dawkins vs. Gould __knowledge__ When first published in 2001 it became an international best-seller.", "Dawkins vs. Gould __knowledge__ A new edition was published in 2007 to include Gould's \"The Structure of Evolutionary Theory\" finished shortly before his death in 2002, and more recent works by Dawkins.", "Dawkins vs. Gould __knowledge__ The synopsis below is from the 2007 publication.", "Dawkins vs. Gould __knowledge__ In the introductory chapter the author points out that there have been many conflicts in biology.", "Dawkins vs. Gould __knowledge__ Still, few have been as public or as polemical as the one between Dawkins and Gould.", "Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact __knowledge__ The cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact is the corpus of changes to terrestrial science, technology, religion, politics, and ecosystems resulting from contact with an extraterrestrial civilization.", "Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact __knowledge__ It is closely related to the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), which attempts to locate intelligent life as opposed to analyzing the implications of contact with that life.", "Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact __knowledge__ The potential changes from extraterrestrial contact could vary greatly in magnitude and type, based on the extraterrestrial civilization's level of technological advancement, degree of benevolence or malevolence, and level of mutual comprehension between itself and humanity.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Robert James Smith (born 21 April 1959) is an English singer, songwriter and musician.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He is the lead singer, guitarist, multi instrumentalist, lyricist, principal songwriter and only consistent member of the rock band The Cure, which he co-founded in 1976.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He was also the lead guitarist for the band Siouxsie and the Banshees from 1982 to 1984 and was part of the short-lived group The Glove in 1983.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith is known for his distinctive voice and unique stage look, the latter of which was influential on the Goth subculture that rose to prominence in the 1980s.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith was born in the Lancashire town of Blackpool and is the third of four children born to James Alexander and Rita Mary (née Emmott) Smith.", "Relationship between religion and science __knowledge__ The relationship between religion and science has been a subject of study since classical antiquity, addressed by philosophers, theologians, scientists, and others.", "Relationship between religion and science __knowledge__ Perspectives from different geographical regions, cultures and historical epochs are diverse, with some characterizing the relationship as one of conflict, others describing it as one of harmony, and others proposing little interaction.", "Relationship between religion and science __knowledge__ Both science and religion are complex social and cultural endeavors that vary across cultures and have changed over time.", "Relationship between religion and science __knowledge__ Most scientific and technical innovations prior to the scientific revolution were achieved by societies organized by religious traditions.", "Psychology of religion __knowledge__ Strictly speaking, Psychology of religion consists of the application of psychological methods and interpretive frameworks to the diverse contents of the religious traditions as well as to both religious and irreligious individuals.", "Psychology of religion __knowledge__ The extraordinary range of methods and frameworks can be helpfully summed up in terms of the classic distinction between the natural-scientific and human-scientific approaches.", "Psychology of religion __knowledge__ The first cluster proceeds by means of objective, quantitative, and preferably experimental procedures for testing hypotheses regarding the causal connections among the objects of one's study.", "Jennifer Michael Hecht __knowledge__ Jennifer Michael Hecht (born November 23, 1965) is a teacher, author, poet, historian, and philosopher.", "Jennifer Michael Hecht __knowledge__ She was an associate professor of history at Nassau Community College (1994-2007) and now teaches at The New School in New York City.", "Jennifer Michael Hecht __knowledge__ Hecht has seven published books, her scholarly articles have been published in many journals and magazines, and her poetry has appeared in \"The New Yorker\", \"The New Republic\", \"Ms. Magazine\", and \"Poetry Magazine\", among others.", "Jennifer Michael Hecht __knowledge__ She has also written essays and book reviews for \"The New York Times\", \"The Washington Post\", \"The Philadelphia Inquirer\", \"The American Scholar\", \"The Boston Globe\" and other publications." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Religion __knowledge__ There is no scholarly consensus over what precisely constitutes a religion.", "Religion __knowledge__ It may be defined as a cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, world views, texts, sanctified places, prophesies, ethics, or organizations, that relate humanity to the supernatural, transcendental, or spiritual.", "Religion __knowledge__ Different religions may or may not contain various elements ranging from the divine, sacred things, faith, a supernatural being or supernatural beings or \"some sort of ultimacy and transcendence that will provide norms and power for the rest of life\".", "Religion __knowledge__ Religious practices may include rituals, sermons, commemoration or veneration (of deities), sacrifices, festivals, feasts, trances, initiations, funerary services, matrimonial services, meditation, prayer, music, art, dance, public service, or other aspects of human culture.", "Religion __knowledge__ Religions have sacred histories and narratives, which may be preserved in sacred scriptures, and symbols and holy places, that aim mostly to give a meaning to life.", "Religion __knowledge__ Religions may contain symbolic stories, which are sometimes said by followers to be true, that have the side purpose of explaining the origin of life, the Universe and other things.", "Religion __knowledge__ Traditionally, faith, in addition to reason, has been considered a source of religious beliefs.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ In July 2012, a storyline began in the British soap opera \"EastEnders\" in which the character Kat Moon, played by Jessie Wallace, embarks on an affair behind her husband Alfie Moon's (Shane Richie) back, with an unknown person.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ The suspects named were Ray Dixon (Chucky Venn), Michael Moon (Steve John Shepherd), Max Branning (Jake Wood), Derek Branning (Jamie Foreman) and Jack Branning (Scott Maslen).", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ Ray was the first suspect to be eliminated, on 7 August, followed by Michael on 14 September.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ The mystery man was revealed as Derek in the 20 December episode.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ Richie dubbed the storyline \"Who's Been Sleeping with Kat?", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Agent Carter characters __knowledge__ \"Agent Carter\" is an American television series created for ABC by Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely, inspired by the 2011 film \"\", and the 2013 Marvel One-Shot short film of the same name.", "List of Agent Carter characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films and other television series of the franchise.", "List of Agent Carter characters __knowledge__ The first season, consisting of eight episodes, originally aired from January 6 to February 24, 2015, while the second season, consisting of ten episodes, originally aired from January 19 to March 1, 2016.", "List of Agent Carter characters __knowledge__ \"Agent Carter\" was canceled by ABC on May 12, 2016.", "List of Agent Carter characters __knowledge__ The series features the Marvel Comics character Peggy Carter, with Hayley Atwell reprising her role from the film series and One-Shot, as she must balance life as a secret agent with that of a single woman in 1940s America.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "Criticism of religion __knowledge__ Criticism of religion is criticism of the ideas, the truth, or the practice of religion, including its political and social implications.", "Criticism of religion __knowledge__ Historical records of criticism of religion goes back to at least 5th century BCE, in ancient Greece, with Diagoras \"the Atheist\" of Melos.", "Criticism of religion __knowledge__ In ancient Rome, an early known example is Lucretius' \"De Rerum Natura\" from the 1st century BCE.", "Criticism of religion __knowledge__ Criticism of religion is complicated by the fact that there exist multiple definitions and concepts of religion today, even though concepts of religion are not found in historical cultures that produced sacred texts nor are there equivalent terms in their original languages.", "Relationship between religion and science __knowledge__ The relationship between religion and science has been a subject of study since classical antiquity, addressed by philosophers, theologians, scientists, and others.", "Relationship between religion and science __knowledge__ Perspectives from different geographical regions, cultures and historical epochs are diverse, with some characterizing the relationship as one of conflict, others describing it as one of harmony, and others proposing little interaction.", "Relationship between religion and science __knowledge__ Both science and religion are complex social and cultural endeavors that vary across cultures and have changed over time.", "Relationship between religion and science __knowledge__ Most scientific and technical innovations prior to the scientific revolution were achieved by societies organized by religious traditions.", "Morality and religion __knowledge__ Morality and religion is the relationship between religious views and morals.", "Morality and religion __knowledge__ Many religions have value frameworks regarding personal behavior meant to guide adherents in determining between right and wrong.", "Morality and religion __knowledge__ These include the Triple Gems of Jainism, Judaism's Halacha, Islam's Sharia, Catholicism's Canon Law, Buddhism's Eightfold Path, and Zoroastrianism's \"good thoughts, good words, and good deeds\" concept, among others.", "Morality and religion __knowledge__ These frameworks are outlined and interpreted by various sources such as holy books, oral and written traditions, and religious leaders.", "Morality and religion __knowledge__ Many of these share tenets with secular value frameworks such as consequentialism, freethought, and utilitarianism.", "Secular morality __knowledge__ Secular morality is the aspect of philosophy that deals with morality outside of religious traditions.", "Secular morality __knowledge__ Modern examples include humanism, freethinking, and most versions of consequentialism.", "Secular morality __knowledge__ Additional philosophies with ancient roots include those such as skepticism and virtue ethics.", "Secular morality __knowledge__ Greg M. Epstein also states that, \"much of ancient Far Eastern thought is deeply concerned with human goodness without placing much if any stock in the importance of gods or spirits.\"", "Secular morality __knowledge__ An example is the non-denominational Kural text of Valluvar, an ancient Indian theistic poet-philosopher whose work remains secular.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Well-being is a much-studied topic in psychology, especially positive psychology.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Related concepts are eudaimonia, happiness, flourishing, quality of life, contentment, and meaningful life.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Central theories are Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being, Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being, Corey Keyes' work on flourishing, and Seligmann's contributions to positive psychology and his theories on \"authentic happiness\" and P.E.R.M.A.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Positive psychology is concerned with eudaimonia, \"the good life\" or flourishing, living according to what holds the greatest value in life – the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life.", "Mircea Eliade __knowledge__ Mircea Eliade (; – April 22, 1986) was a Romanian historian of religion, fiction writer, philosopher, and professor at the University of Chicago.", "Mircea Eliade __knowledge__ He was a leading interpreter of religious experience, who established paradigms in religious studies that persist to this day.", "Mircea Eliade __knowledge__ His theory that \"hierophanies\" form the basis of religion, splitting the human experience of reality into sacred and profane space and time, has proved influential.", "Mircea Eliade __knowledge__ One of his most influential contributions to religious studies was his theory of \"Eternal Return\", which holds that myths and rituals do not simply commemorate hierophanies, but, at least to the minds of the religious, actually participate in them." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Religion __knowledge__ There is no scholarly consensus over what precisely constitutes a religion.", "Religion __knowledge__ It may be defined as a cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, world views, texts, sanctified places, prophesies, ethics, or organizations, that relate humanity to the supernatural, transcendental, or spiritual.", "Religion __knowledge__ Different religions may or may not contain various elements ranging from the divine, sacred things, faith, a supernatural being or supernatural beings or \"some sort of ultimacy and transcendence that will provide norms and power for the rest of life\".", "Religion __knowledge__ Religious practices may include rituals, sermons, commemoration or veneration (of deities), sacrifices, festivals, feasts, trances, initiations, funerary services, matrimonial services, meditation, prayer, music, art, dance, public service, or other aspects of human culture.", "Religion __knowledge__ Religions have sacred histories and narratives, which may be preserved in sacred scriptures, and symbols and holy places, that aim mostly to give a meaning to life.", "Religion __knowledge__ Religions may contain symbolic stories, which are sometimes said by followers to be true, that have the side purpose of explaining the origin of life, the Universe and other things.", "Religion __knowledge__ Traditionally, faith, in addition to reason, has been considered a source of religious beliefs.", "Media portrayal of the Ukrainian crisis __knowledge__ Media portrayals of the Ukrainian crisis, including 2014 unrest and the 2014 Ukrainian revolution following the Euromaidan movement, differed widely between Ukrainian, western and Russian media.", "Media portrayal of the Ukrainian crisis __knowledge__ The Russian, the Ukrainian, and the Western media were all, to various degrees, accused of propagandizing, and of waging an information war during their coverage of the events.", "Media portrayal of the Ukrainian crisis __knowledge__ Russian channels were repeatedly criticized for the use of misleading images, false narratives, misrepresentation, suppression, and fabricated news stories, such as a child's crucifixion and the death of a 10-year-old in shelling.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication refers to the use of communication to facilitate social development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication engages stakeholders and policy makers, establishes conducive environments, assesses risks and opportunities and promotes information exchanges to bring about positive social change via sustainable development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication techniques include information dissemination and education, behavior change, social marketing, social mobilization, media advocacy, communication for social change and community participation.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication has been labeled the \"Fifth Theory of the Press\", with \"social transformation and development\", and \"the fulfillment of basic needs\" as its primary purposes.", "Polyna Savridi __knowledge__ Polyna Savridi (died 1980, Calgary, Alberta) was an American operatic soprano and voice teacher.", "Polyna Savridi __knowledge__ As a singer she was primarily active on the international stage during the 1960s, and only performed infrequently afterwards.", "Polyna Savridi __knowledge__ She taught briefly on the voice faculties of Columbia University and the Jacobs School of Music during the early 1960s before settling at the University of Calgary where she was a professor of voice from 1963 until her death from cancer seventeen years later.", "Polyna Savridi __knowledge__ She is best remembered for her recordings of Greek folk songs for Concord Records and as a winner of the Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Racism in the United States __knowledge__ Racism in the United States has been widespread since the colonial era.", "Racism in the United States __knowledge__ Legally or socially sanctioned privileges and rights were given to white Americans but denied to Native Americans, African Americans, Asian Americans, and Hispanic and Latino Americans.", "Racism in the United States __knowledge__ European Americans (particularly the affluent white Anglo-Saxon Protestants) were granted exclusive privileges in matters of education, immigration, voting rights, citizenship, land acquisition, and criminal procedure over periods of time extending from the 17th century to the 1960s.", "Racism in the United States __knowledge__ However, non-Protestant immigrants from Europe; particularly Irish people, Poles, and Italians, suffered xenophobic exclusion and other forms of ethnicity-based discrimination in American society, were vilified as racially inferior and were not considered fully white.", "Conscience __knowledge__ Conscience is an aptitude, faculty, intuition or judgment that assists in distinguishing right from wrong.", "Conscience __knowledge__ Moral judgment may derive from values or norms (principles and rules).", "Conscience __knowledge__ In psychological terms conscience is often described as leading to feelings of remorse when a human commits actions that go against his/her moral values and to feelings of rectitude or integrity when actions conform to such norms.", "Conscience __knowledge__ The extent to which conscience informs moral judgment before an action and whether such moral judgments are or should be based in reason has occasioned debate through much of the history of Western philosophy.", "Rational irrationality __knowledge__ The concept known as rational irrationality was popularized by economist Bryan Caplan in 2001 to reconcile the widespread existence of irrational behavior (particularly in the realms of religion and politics) with the assumption of rationality made by mainstream economics and game theory.", "Rational irrationality __knowledge__ The theory, along with its implications for democracy, was expanded upon by Caplan in his book \"The Myth of the Rational Voter\".", "Rational irrationality __knowledge__ The original purpose of the concept was to explain how (allegedly) detrimental policies could be implemented in a democracy, and unlike conventional public choice theory, Caplan posited that bad policies were selected by voters themselves.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ United Kingdom labour law regulates the relations between workers, employers and trade unions.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ People at work in the UK benefit from a minimum charter of employment rights, which are found in various Acts, Regulations, common law and equity.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ This includes the right to a minimum wage of £7.50 for over 25-year-olds under the National Minimum Wage Act 1998.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ The Working Time Regulations 1998 give the right to 28 days paid holidays, breaks from work, and attempts to limit excessively long working hours.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ The Employment Rights Act 1996 gives the right to leave for child care, and the right to request flexible working patterns.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ The following list describes each of the characters from the popular webseries \"Red vs. Blue\", originally created by Rooster Teeth Productions.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Colonel Sarge is the leader of the Red Team on Blood Gulch.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He is voiced by Matt Hullum, co-creator of the series, and first appeared at the end of .", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a Southern accent.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Sarge is somewhat bloodthirsty, and the only Blood Gulch soldier on either team to actually be serious about war.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ It is mentioned that he has a military background and briefly joined the ODSTs.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ His preferred weapon is a shotgun, which he carries at all times.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a passionate disgust for Grif, demonstrated by his repeated willingness to sacrifice Grif during combat missions as well as how all of his contingency plans are to kill Grif.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Disney/Pixar's \"Toy Story\" franchise which consists of the animated films \"Toy Story\" (1995), \"Toy Story 2\" (1999), and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) and the animated short films.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Voiced by: Sheriff Woody Pride is a 1950s old traditional pull string cowboy doll, and Andy's favorite toy.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Appearing in all three \"Toy Story\" films, he usually acts as the leader of the gang.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ His rivalry with Buzz forms the basis of the plot of the first film.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 2\", he is stolen at a yard sale by a toy collector, causing the other toys to embark on a rescue mission.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 3\" he and the other toys are shipped to a daycare center.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Religious debates over the \"Harry Potter\" series of books by J. K. Rowling are based on claims that the novels contain occult or Satanic subtexts.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ A number of Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox Christians have argued against the series, as have some Shia and Sunni Muslims.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Supporters of the series have said that the magic in \"Harry Potter\" bears little resemblance to occultism, being more in the vein of fairy tales such as \"Cinderella\" and \"Snow White\", or to the works of C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien, both of whom are known for writing fantasy novels with Christian subtexts.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Far from promoting a particular religion, some argue, the \"Harry Potter\" novels go out of their way to avoid discussing religion at all." ] ]

[ 1, 62, 55, 0 ]

[ "There isn't really a consensus on what defines religion. I think religion is more just a club where like-minded people hang out.", "If you try to look at it from the psychological perspective, religious and nonreligious people are nearly identical. Religious people simply think there's greater meaning behind their actions.", "I think so, or at least question it every once in a while. People also try to use their religion to push their morals onto everyone else though. That's one of the reasons I'm non-denominational.", "I have been disappointed as well. Even the vice president stated his reasoning for something as \"it's in the Bible\". SO much for separation of church and state smh. " ]

[ "Religion", "Religion", "Religion", "Religion" ]

[ "Hiking\nHiking in the mountains looks like fun although I would need to get in better condition before attempting a long hike.", "I have never visited New Jersey. Are there any nice trails in the southeastern United States?", "I love New York City and I walked a great deal on the city streets but I don't think that qualifies me for hiking! haha", "I only visit New York a few times a year so I may want to google for trails closer to the southeastern United States." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail is estimated around 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail Conservancy claims that the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The idea of the Appalachian Trail came about in 1921.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Monkeys, particularly macaques and gibbons, have played significant roles in Chinese culture for over two thousand years.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Some examples familiar to English speakers include the zodiacal Year of the Monkey, the Monkey King Sun Wukong in the novel \"Journey to the West\", and Monkey Kung Fu.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ The Chinese language has numerous words meaning \"simian; monkey; ape\".", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Some diachronically changed meanings in reference to different simians.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ For instance, Chinese \"xingxing\" 猩猩 originally named \"a mythical creature with a human face and pig body\", and became the modern name for the \"orangutan\".", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Within the classification of Chinese characters, almost all \"monkey; ape\" words – with the exceptions of \"nao\" 夒 and \"yu\" 禺 that were originally monkey pictographs – are written with radical-phonetic compound characters.", "Waitukubuli Trail __knowledge__ The Waitukubuli Trail located in Dominica is the longest hiking trail in the Caribbean at 115 miles long It is made of 14 segments, beginning in the southern village of Scott's Head, and ending in the north at Cabrit's National Park.", "Waitukubuli Trail __knowledge__ The trail was officially opened in 2013 and was named after the original Kalinago name of the island, Waitukubuli, meaning \"tall is her body\" .", "Waitukubuli Trail __knowledge__ Scott's Head to Soufriere Estate “This trail located in a crater and with evidence of sulphur deposits, helps us to understand the true volcanic nature of Dominica.” Vegetation Type: Dry Forest, Cultivation Distance: 7km or 4 miles Estimated Walking time: 4hrs Climb: 460 metres or 1,518 ft Type of hike: Moderate Areas of interest: Soufriere Estate to Bellevue Chopin This trail with an old slave route, old estates and historic buildings reminds us of Dominica’s history of a plantation society and the era of colonization.", "Long Path __knowledge__ The Long Path is a long-distance hiking trail beginning at the George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee, New Jersey and ending at Altamont, New York, in the Albany area.", "Long Path __knowledge__ While not yet a continuous trail, relying on road walks in some areas, it nevertheless takes in many of the popular hiking attractions west of the Hudson River, such as the New Jersey Palisades, Harriman State Park, the Shawangunk Ridge and the Catskill Mountains.", "Long Path __knowledge__ It offers hikers a diversity of environments to pass through, from suburbia and sea-level salt marshes along the Hudson to wilderness and boreal forest on Catskill summits in elevation.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking.", "New Jersey __knowledge__ New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the Northeastern United States.", "New Jersey __knowledge__ It is a peninsula, bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware River and Pennsylvania; and on the southwest by the Delaware Bay and Delaware.", "New Jersey __knowledge__ New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state by area but the 11th-most populous, with 9 million residents as of 2017, and the most densely populated of the 50 U.S. states.", "New Jersey __knowledge__ New Jersey lies entirely within the combined statistical areas of New York City and Philadelphia and is the third-wealthiest state by median household income as of 2016.", "List of New Jersey locations by per capita income __knowledge__ New Jersey is one of the wealthiest states in the United States of America, with a per capita income of $35,928 (2012) and a personal per capita income of $50,781 (2010).", "List of New Jersey locations by per capita income __knowledge__ Its median household income is $71,637 (2012) and its median family income is $87,389 (2012), both the second highest in the country.", "List of New Jersey locations by per capita income __knowledge__ The median value of an owner-occupied housing unit is $337,900 (2012), ranked fifth in the country.", "List of New Jersey locations by per capita income __knowledge__ New Jersey has the highest percentage of millionaire residents in the country with 7.12% of New Jersey households having $1 million or more liquid or investible assets, not including equity in homes.", "Bergen County, New Jersey __knowledge__ Bergen County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of New Jersey.", "Bergen County, New Jersey __knowledge__ As of the 2016 Census estimate, the county's population was 939,151, an increase of 3.8% from the 2010 United States Census, which in turn represented an increase of 20,998 (2.4%) from the 884,118 counted in the 2000 Census.", "Bergen County, New Jersey __knowledge__ Located in the northeastern corner of New Jersey and its Gateway Region, Bergen County is part of the New York City Metropolitan Area and is directly across the Hudson River from Manhattan, to which it is connected by the George Washington Bridge.", "Bergen County, New Jersey __knowledge__ Bergen County is divided into 70 municipalities, but has no large cities.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York is a state in the northeastern United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York was one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ With an estimated 19.85 million residents in 2017, it is the fourth most populous state in the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ To differentiate from its city with the same name, it is sometimes called New York State.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state's largest city, New York City, makes up over 40% of the state's population.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ Two-thirds of the state's population lives in the New York metropolitan area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state and city were both named for the 17th-century Duke of York, future King James II of England.", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ Domenica is the daughter of Janice and Bobby Baccalieri.", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ She was born sometime in 2005, after her parents got married.", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ Getting her registered for a pre-school was the reason why Janice and Bobby were not able to take care of Junior the night he shot Tony.", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ Domenica rode the amusement ride with her mother at the Feast of St. Elzéar when it broke.", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ She longed for another ride and Tony later spun her around at the feast, to her joy.", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ That year, Janice took Domenica to Satriale's Pork Store to demand that Tony make Bobby a capo.", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ In 2007, Domenica played at the house near the lake when Tony, Carmela, Bobby, and Janice celebrated Tony's birthday.", "USS New Jersey (BB-62) __knowledge__ USS \"New Jersey\" (BB-62) (\"Big J\" or \"Black Dragon\") is an , and was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named after the US state of New Jersey.", "USS New Jersey (BB-62) __knowledge__ \"New Jersey\" earned more battle stars for combat actions than the other three completed \"Iowa\"-class battleships, and was the only US battleship providing gunfire support during the Vietnam War.", "USS New Jersey (BB-62) __knowledge__ During World War II, \"New Jersey\" shelled targets on Guam and Okinawa, and screened aircraft carriers conducting raids in the Marshall Islands.", "USS New Jersey (BB-62) __knowledge__ During the Korean War, she was involved in raids up and down the North Korean coast, after which she was decommissioned into the United States Navy reserve fleets, better known as the \"mothball fleet\".", "Florida Museum of Natural History __knowledge__ The Florida Museum of Natural History (FLMNH) is the State of Florida's official state-sponsored and chartered natural history museum.", "Florida Museum of Natural History __knowledge__ Its main facilities are located at 3215 Hull Road on the campus of the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida.", "Florida Museum of Natural History __knowledge__ The main public exhibit facility, Powell Hall and the attached McGuire Center, are located in the Cultural Plaza, which it shares with the Samuel P. Harn Museum of Art and the Curtis M. Phillips Center for the Performing Arts.", "Florida Museum of Natural History __knowledge__ The main research facility and former public exhibits building, Dickinson Hall, is located on the east side of campus at the corner of Museum Road and Newell Drive.", "Long Path __knowledge__ The Long Path is a long-distance hiking trail beginning at the George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee, New Jersey and ending at Altamont, New York, in the Albany area.", "Long Path __knowledge__ While not yet a continuous trail, relying on road walks in some areas, it nevertheless takes in many of the popular hiking attractions west of the Hudson River, such as the New Jersey Palisades, Harriman State Park, the Shawangunk Ridge and the Catskill Mountains.", "Long Path __knowledge__ It offers hikers a diversity of environments to pass through, from suburbia and sea-level salt marshes along the Hudson to wilderness and boreal forest on Catskill summits in elevation.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail is estimated around 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail Conservancy claims that the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The idea of the Appalachian Trail came about in 1921.", "Devil's Path (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The Devil's Path is a hiking trail in the Greene County section of the Catskill Mountains of New York, sometimes described as one of the more challenging trails in the New York Tri-state area.", "Devil's Path (hiking trail) __knowledge__ It goes across the eponymous mountain range and then three other peaks to the west, offering hikers and peakbaggers a chance to reach the summits of five of the 35 Catskill High Peaks (two more are reachable by detours).", "Devil's Path (hiking trail) __knowledge__ It draws hikers from not just the region but far outside, due to the challenging climbs straight up and down the steep gaps between the four peaks of the range, which often require hikers to use hands as well as feet to pull themselves almost straight up cliffs and through rocky chutes.", "Superior Hiking Trail __knowledge__ The Superior Hiking Trail, also known as the SHT, is a 310-mile (499 km) long footpath in northeastern Minnesota that follows the ridgeline overlooking Lake Superior for most of its length.", "Superior Hiking Trail __knowledge__ The path is 18 inches (46 cm) wide and is set in the middle of a 4-foot (1.2 m) clearing.", "Superior Hiking Trail __knowledge__ The footpath travels through forests of birch, aspen, pine, fir, and cedar.", "Superior Hiking Trail __knowledge__ Hikers enjoy views of boreal forests, the Sawtooth Mountains, babbling brooks, rushing waterfalls, and abundant wildlife.", "Superior Hiking Trail __knowledge__ The lowest point in the path is 602 feet (183 m) above sea level and the highest point is 1,829 feet (558 m) above sea level.", "Mount Tremper __knowledge__ Mount Tremper, officially known as Tremper Mountain and originally called Timothyberg, is one of the Catskill Mountains in the U.S. state of New York.", "Mount Tremper __knowledge__ It is located near the hamlet of Phoenicia, in the valley of Esopus Creek.", "Mount Tremper __knowledge__ At in elevation, it is well below the higher peaks of the region.", "Mount Tremper __knowledge__ Its slopes were a source of two major local products during the 19th century: hemlock bark, a source of tannin, and bluestone used in construction.", "Mount Tremper __knowledge__ Later it was the site of Tremper House, one of the Catskills' earliest railroad resorts.", "Mount Tremper __knowledge__ Henry Ward Beecher and Oscar Wilde were among the guests there.", "Mount Tremper __knowledge__ In the 20th century it was acquired by the state and became part of the Catskill Park Forest Preserve.", "Harriman State Park (New York) __knowledge__ At , Harriman State Park is the second largest state park in New York State.", "Harriman State Park (New York) __knowledge__ Located in Rockland and Orange counties north of New York City, it is a haven for hikers with over of hiking trails.", "Harriman State Park (New York) __knowledge__ The park is also known for its 31 lakes, multiple streams, public camping area, and great vistas.", "Harriman State Park (New York) __knowledge__ The park's hiking trails are currently maintained by volunteers from the New York - New Jersey Trail Conference.", "Harriman State Park (New York) __knowledge__ On its northeastern edge, Harriman State Park borders the Bear Mountain State Park as well as the United States Military Academy's forest reserve.", "Harriman State Park (New York) __knowledge__ To the southwest, it partly borders the state-owned Sterling Forest reserve.", "Kaaterskill High Peak __knowledge__ Kaaterskill High Peak (officially just High Peak) is one of the Catskill Mountains, located in the Town of Hunter in Greene County, New York, United States.", "Kaaterskill High Peak __knowledge__ It was once believed to be the highest peak in the entire range, but its summit, at 3,655 feet (1,114 m) in elevation, places it only 23rd among the Catskill High Peaks.", "Kaaterskill High Peak __knowledge__ It is, however, the fourth most prominent peak in the range.", "Kaaterskill High Peak __knowledge__ Due to its situation as the easternmost High Peak, it is also the only one completely outside the watersheds of New York City's reservoirs in the region.", "Kaaterskill High Peak __knowledge__ Along with Round Top to the west, its distinctive ridgeline is a visual signature of the Catskills." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking.", "I Love New York (season 1) __knowledge__ I Love New York (season 1) is first season of the VH1 reality television series entitled \"I Love New York\".", "I Love New York (season 1) __knowledge__ The first season consisted of 12 episodes, which first aired weekly from January 8, 2007 to April 15, 2007.", "I Love New York (season 1) __knowledge__ In July 2006, VH1 published a casting call looking for contestants for their new series tentatively titled \"The Flavorette\".", "I Love New York (season 1) __knowledge__ Various blogs speculated that the star of this program could be \"Flavor of Love\" season one contestants \"Rain\" (Thela Brown), \"Hoopz\" (Nicole Alexander) or Pollard.", "I Love New York (season 1) __knowledge__ Before the second season finale of \"Flavor of Love\", Pollard denied having her own show but when the Flavor of Love season 2 finale aired, she confirmed she was the \"Flavorette\" and that she was already down to the final three contestants.", "Tiffany Pollard __knowledge__ Tiffany Pollard (born January 6, 1982), sometimes known by her nickname New York, is an American reality television personality and actress.", "Tiffany Pollard __knowledge__ She first achieved public recognition for her participation in VH1's \"Flavor of Love\" and \"I Love New York\".", "Tiffany Pollard __knowledge__ Pollard was given the nickname \"New York\" by rapper Flavor Flav.", "Tiffany Pollard __knowledge__ She is also known colloquially by her self-proclaimed nickname, the \"HBIC (Head Bitch In Charge)\", which she exclaimed in the \"Flavor of Love\" series to taunt her competitors.", "Tiffany Pollard __knowledge__ In 2016, Pollard took part in the British television series \"Celebrity Big Brother\", finishing in fourth place.", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811 __knowledge__ The Commissioners' Plan of 1811 was the original design for the streets of Manhattan above Houston Street and below 155th Street, which put in place the rectangular grid plan of streets and lots that has defined Manhattan to this day.", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811 __knowledge__ It has been called \"the single most important document in New York City's development,\" and the plan has been described as encompassing the \"republican predilection for control and balance ... [and] distrust of nature.\"", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811 __knowledge__ It was described by the Commission that created it as combining \"beauty, order and convenience.\"", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811 __knowledge__ The plan originated when the Common Council of New York City, seeking to provide for the orderly development and sale of the land of Manhattan between 14th Street and Washington Heights, but unable to do so itself for reasons of local politics and objections from property owners, asked the New York State Legislature to step in.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Ha Dong-hoon (; born on August 20, 1979), better known by his stage name Haha (), is a South Korean singer, variety show host and member of Skull & Haha.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the sitcom, \"Nonstop\" and for co-hosting two popular variety programs, MBC's \"Infinite Challenge\" and SBS's \"Running Man\".", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He has also hosted his own show, titled \"Ya Man TV\" on Mnet in 2015.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Haha was born on August 20, 1979 in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany and moved to Seoul, South Korea when he was an infant.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ His parents are both Korean, with his mother holding a doctorate in psychology, and he has an older sister, Ha Juri () who is a pianist, also with a doctorate.", "New York (Glee) __knowledge__ \"New York\" is the twenty-second episode and season finale of the second season of the American musical television series \"Glee\", and the forty-fourth overall.", "New York (Glee) __knowledge__ The episode was written and directed by series creator Brad Falchuk, filmed in part on location in New York City, and first aired on May 24, 2011 on Fox in the United States.", "New York (Glee) __knowledge__ With a $6 million budget, it was reportedly the most expensive episode of \"Glee\" at the time of broadcast.", "New York (Glee) __knowledge__ It garnered a Primetime Emmy nomination for Outstanding Costumes for a Series.", "New York (Glee) __knowledge__ The episode features an appearance by Patti LuPone as herself and guest stars Jonathan Groff, Cheyenne Jackson, and Jake Zyrus.", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "I Love New York __knowledge__ I Love New York (stylized I ❤ NY) is a slogan, a logo and a song that are the basis of an advertising campaign and has been used since 1977 to promote tourism in the state of New York, including New York City.", "I Love New York __knowledge__ The trademarked logo, owned by the New York State Department of Economic Development, appears in souvenir shops and brochures throughout the state, some licensed, many not.", "I Love New York __knowledge__ The \"I Love New York\" song is the state song of New York.", "I Love New York __knowledge__ The logo was designed by graphic designer Milton Glaser in 1976 in the back of a taxi, and was drawn with red crayon on scrap paper.", "I Love New York __knowledge__ The original drawing is now held in the Museum of Modern Art in Manhattan.", "Southeastern Oklahoma State University __knowledge__ Southeastern Oklahoma State University, often referred to as Southeastern and abbreviated as SE, or SOSU, is a public university located in Durant, Oklahoma, with an undergraduate enrollment of 5,237 as of Fall 2014.", "Southeastern Oklahoma State University __knowledge__ On March 6, 1909, the Second Oklahoma State Legislature approved an act designating Durant as the location for a normal school to serve the following 12-county region: Atoka, Bryan, Carter, Choctaw, Latimer, LeFlore, Love, Marshall, McCurtain, McIntosh, Pittsburg, and Pushmataha.", "Southeastern Oklahoma State University __knowledge__ Southeastern Oklahoma State University first opened its doors to students on June 14, 1909, as Southeastern State Normal School.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "William Borah __knowledge__ William Edgar Borah (; June 29, 1865 – January 19, 1940) was an outspoken Republican United States Senator, one of the best-known figures in Idaho's history.", "William Borah __knowledge__ A progressive who served from 1907 until his death in 1940, Borah is often considered an isolationist, for he led the Irreconcilables, senators who would not accept the Treaty of Versailles, Senate ratification of which would have made the U.S. part of the League of Nations.", "William Borah __knowledge__ Borah was born in rural Illinois to a large farming family.", "William Borah __knowledge__ He studied at the University of Kansas and became a lawyer in that state before seeking greater opportunities in Idaho.", "Niger Delta __knowledge__ The Niger Delta is the delta of the Niger River sitting directly on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean in Nigeria.", "Niger Delta __knowledge__ It is typically considered to be located within nine coastal southern Nigerian states, which include: all six states from the South South geopolitical zone, one state (Ondo) from South West geopolitical zone and two states (Abia and Imo) from South East geopolitical zone.", "Niger Delta __knowledge__ Of all the states that the region covers, only Cross River is not an oil-producing state.", "Niger Delta __knowledge__ Niger Delta is a very densely populated region sometimes called the Oil Rivers because it was once a major producer of palm oil.", "Ibibio people __knowledge__ The Ibibio people are from southeast Nigeria.", "Ibibio people __knowledge__ They are related to the Anaang and Efik peoples.", "Ibibio people __knowledge__ During the colonial period in Nigeria, the Ibibio Union asked for recognition by the British as a sovereign nation (Noah, 1988).", "Ibibio people __knowledge__ The Annang, Efik, Ekid, Oron and Ibeno share personal names, culture, and traditions with the Ibibio, and speak closely related varieties of Ibibio-Efik which are more or less mutually intelligible.", "Ibibio people __knowledge__ The Ibibio people are reputed to be the earliest inhabitants of the south eastern Nigeria.", "Ibibio people __knowledge__ It is estimated that they arrived at their present abode from very earliest times, about 7000 B.C.", "Overton James __knowledge__ Overton James (July 21, 1925 – September 16, 2015) was an educator and former Governor of the Chickasaw Nation.", "Overton James __knowledge__ After graduating from college, he taught school in Oklahoma.", "Overton James __knowledge__ He was first appointed Governor in 1963 and served until 1971.", "Overton James __knowledge__ He was then elected to that position and served until his last term ended in 1987.", "Overton James __knowledge__ In 1985, he was alleged to have accepted illegal kickbacks for construction contracts within the Chickasaw Nation.", "Overton James __knowledge__ He was indicted, pleaded guilty, and sentenced to a short prison term.", "Overton James __knowledge__ Overton James was Governor of the Chickasaw Nation from 1963 to 1987.", "Overton James __knowledge__ Born July 21, 1925 in Bromide, Oklahoma to Chickasaw parents, Rufus (Cub) James and Vinnie May Seely, he was raised in Wapanucka, Oklahoma.", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ This article describes the foreign policy positions taken by Donald Trump during his 2016 presidential campaign.", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ In a \"New York Times\" interview in July 2016, Presidential Nominee Trump \"repeatedly defined American global interests almost purely in economic terms,\" with the nation's \"roles as a peacekeeper, as a provider of a nuclear deterrent against adversaries like North Korea, as an advocate of human rights and as a guarantor of allies' borders\" being \"quickly reduced to questions of economic benefit to the United States.\"", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ A 68-page document likely written by and under the direction of the Trump administration's national security adviser, Lt. Gen. H.R." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking.", "Google __knowledge__ Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware.", "Google __knowledge__ Google was founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University, California.", "Google __knowledge__ Together, they own about 14 percent of its shares and control 56 percent of the stockholder voting power through supervoting stock.", "Google __knowledge__ They incorporated Google as a privately held company on September 4, 1998.", "Google __knowledge__ An Initial public offering (IPO) took place on August 19, 2004, and Google moved to its new headquarters in Mountain View, California, nicknamed the Googleplex.", "Google Maps __knowledge__ Google Maps is a web mapping service developed by Google.", "Google Maps __knowledge__ It offers satellite imagery, street maps, 360° panoramic views of streets (Street View), real-time traffic conditions (Google Traffic), and route planning for traveling by foot, car, bicycle (in beta), or public transportation.", "Google Maps __knowledge__ Google Maps began as a C++ desktop program designed by Lars and Jens Eilstrup Rasmussen at Where 2 Technologies.", "Google Maps __knowledge__ In October 2004, the company was acquired by Google, which converted it into a web application.", "Google Maps __knowledge__ After additional acquisitions of a geospatial data visualization company and a realtime traffic analyzer, Google Maps was launched in February 2005.", "Criticism of Google __knowledge__ Criticism of Google includes aggressive and contrived tax avoidance, misuse and manipulation of search results, its use of others' intellectual property, concerns that its compilation of data may violate people's privacy, censorship of search results and content, and the energy consumption of its servers as well as concerns over traditional business issues such as monopoly, restraint of trade, antitrust, idea borrowing, and being a leftist \"Ideological Echo Chamber\".", "Criticism of Google __knowledge__ Alphabet Inc. is an American multinational public corporation invested in Internet search, cloud computing, and advertising technologies.", "California Trail __knowledge__ The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "California Trail __knowledge__ After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "California Trail __knowledge__ In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "California Trail __knowledge__ By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Friday the 13th is an American horror franchise that consists of twelve slasher films, a television show, novels, and comic books.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ The main villain in the series is Jason Voorhees, who drowned at Camp Crystal Lake as a boy due to the negligence of the teenage counselors.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Decades later, the lake is rumored to be \"cursed\" and is the setting for a series of mass murders.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Jason is featured in all of the films, either as the killer or as the motivation for the killings.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Each entry in the series features a different cast of characters, including a final girl who defeats the killer in the end.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Recurring characters in the series include Jason's vengeful mother Pamela Voorhees, Alice Hardy, Tommy Jarvis and Crazy Ralph.", "Florida Museum of Natural History __knowledge__ The Florida Museum of Natural History (FLMNH) is the State of Florida's official state-sponsored and chartered natural history museum.", "Florida Museum of Natural History __knowledge__ Its main facilities are located at 3215 Hull Road on the campus of the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida.", "Florida Museum of Natural History __knowledge__ The main public exhibit facility, Powell Hall and the attached McGuire Center, are located in the Cultural Plaza, which it shares with the Samuel P. Harn Museum of Art and the Curtis M. Phillips Center for the Performing Arts.", "Florida Museum of Natural History __knowledge__ The main research facility and former public exhibits building, Dickinson Hall, is located on the east side of campus at the corner of Museum Road and Newell Drive.", "Net neutrality __knowledge__ Net neutrality is the principle that governments should mandate Internet service providers to treat all data on the Internet the same, and not discriminate or charge differently by user, content, website, platform, application, type of attached equipment, or method of communication.", "Net neutrality __knowledge__ For instance, under these principles, internet service providers are unable to deliver content tailored to the capabilities of a specific device or user, offer free services or to intentionally block, slow down or charge money for specific websites and online content.", "Net neutrality __knowledge__ The term was coined by Columbia University media law professor Tim Wu in 2003, as an extension of the longstanding concept of a common carrier, which was used to describe the role of telephone systems.", "Google Drive __knowledge__ Google Drive is a file storage and synchronization service developed by Google.", "Google Drive __knowledge__ Launched on April 24, 2012, Google Drive allows users to store files on their servers, synchronize files across devices, and share files.", "Google Drive __knowledge__ In addition to a website, Google Drive offers apps with offline capabilities for Windows and macOS computers, and Android and iOS smartphones and tablets.", "Google Drive __knowledge__ Google Drive encompasses Google Docs, Sheets and Slides, an office suite that permits collaborative editing of documents, spreadsheets, presentations, drawings, forms, and more.", "Google Drive __knowledge__ Files created and edited through the office suite are saved in Google Drive.", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area, also referred to as the Tri-State Area, includes New York City as the most populous city in the United States, Long Island, and the Mid and Lower Hudson Valley in the state of New York; the five largest cities in New Jersey: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, and Edison, and their vicinities; six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut: Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, and Danbury, and their vicinities; and five counties in northeastern Pennsylvania.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ As per the 2015 United States Census Bureau estimates, the New York metropolitan area remains, by a significant margin, the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.2 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.7 million residents); it is also one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world, and the single largest in North America.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York is a state in the northeastern United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York was one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ With an estimated 19.85 million residents in 2017, it is the fourth most populous state in the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ To differentiate from its city with the same name, it is sometimes called New York State.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state's largest city, New York City, makes up over 40% of the state's population.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ Two-thirds of the state's population lives in the New York metropolitan area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state and city were both named for the 17th-century Duke of York, future King James II of England." ] ]

[ 39, 22, 34, 22 ]

[ "Maybe you should also check out Long Path which is hiking trail in New Jersey whenever you are planning", "I am not really sure, but maybe there may be some in New York which is a southeastern state of in U.S.", "Indeed. You better google and see for yourself. New York city is definitely the most populous and there should be some sort of trail", "What about California Trail. It covers western half toward Missouri River towns. Seems to be exciting" ]

[ "Hiking", "Hiking", "Hiking", "Hiking" ]

[ "Pizza", "Oh yes. I think it's almost everyone's favorite food. I prefer mine with extra cheese and more extra cheese", "Oh absolutely. I love mozzarella, parmesean, ricotta, and cheddar cheese the most.", "I have to go over and try it. I'm afraid I'd never leave though!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "Mbeju __knowledge__ Mbeju is a starch cake sometimes made with fariña or manioc flour.", "Mbeju __knowledge__ The mbeju is a staple of the Paraguayan diet.", "Mbeju __knowledge__ According to scholars of Paraguayan social history, the popular Paraguayan diet evolved as a result of the Paraguayan War in the nineteenth century.", "Mbeju __knowledge__ In the aftermath of the war, food supplies were hard to find.", "Mbeju __knowledge__ As a result, Paraguayan cooking developed highly nutritious meals to make up for the scarcity of everyday meals.", "Mbeju __knowledge__ The name \"mbejú\" (also written \"mbeyú\") means \"cake\" and comes from the Guarani language.", "Mbeju __knowledge__ Guarani is one of the two official languages of Paraguay, which defines itself as being bilingual and multi-cultural.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Cheese is a food derived from milk that is produced in a wide range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein.", "Cheese __knowledge__ It comprises proteins and fat from milk, usually the milk of cows, buffalo, goats, or sheep.", "Cheese __knowledge__ During production, the milk is usually acidified, and adding the enzyme rennet causes coagulation.", "Cheese __knowledge__ The solids are separated and pressed into final form.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Some cheeses have molds on the rind, the outer layer, or throughout.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Most cheeses melt at cooking temperature.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Hundreds of types of cheese from various countries are produced.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Their styles, textures and flavors depend on the origin of the milk (including the animal's diet), whether they have been pasteurized, the butterfat content, the bacteria and mold, the processing, and aging.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Bones\".", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ The article deals with the series' main, recurring, and minor characters.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ The following characters have been featured in the opening credits of the program.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ Temperance \"Bones\" Brennan (seasons 1–12) works as a forensic anthropologist at the Jeffersonian Institute in Washington, D.C. and is also a best–selling novelist.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ She is nicknamed \"Bones\" by FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ Brennan and Booth work together on Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) cases concerning recently found human remains.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ Although she is an expert in her field, Brennan is socially awkward and has limited knowledge about pop culture.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "Beecher's Handmade Cheese __knowledge__ Beecher's Handmade Cheese is an artisan cheesemaker and retail shop with locations in the Pike Place Market, Seattle, Washington and New York City's Flatiron District.", "Beecher's Handmade Cheese __knowledge__ The company was founded by Kurt Beecher Dammeier in 2003 and opened in the Pike Place Market after Dammeier obtained a difficult to obtain storefront lease in the Market.", "Beecher's Handmade Cheese __knowledge__ Because Dammeier had never been a cheesemaker, he sought out the assistance of Brad Sinko, who helped run a family cheese-making business in Oregon.", "Beecher's Handmade Cheese __knowledge__ A second location was opened in 2011 in the Flatiron neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City.", "Beecher's Handmade Cheese __knowledge__ Unlike most artisan cheese makers, Beecher's mainly uses pasteurized milk and operates a high-volume modern production facility, with multiple farms supplying milk.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Midwestern cuisine is a regional cuisine of the American Midwest.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It draws its culinary roots most significantly from the cuisines of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, and Native North America, and is influenced by regionally and locally grown foodstuffs and cultural diversity.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Everyday Midwestern home cooking generally showcases simple and hearty dishes that make use of the abundance of locally grown foods.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Its culinary profiles may seem synonymous with \"American food.\"", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Quoted in a 2007 interview with the \"Daily Herald\", Chef Stephen Langlois, a pioneer in the Midwestern local food movement, described it: \"Think of Thanksgiving dinner.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "Cheddar cheese __knowledge__ Cheddar cheese is a relatively hard, off-white (or orange if spices such as annatto are added), sometimes sharp-tasting (i.e., bitter), natural cheese.", "Cheddar cheese __knowledge__ Originating in the English village of Cheddar in Somerset, cheeses of this style are produced beyond this region and in several countries around the world.", "Cheddar cheese __knowledge__ Cheddar is the most popular type of cheese in the UK, accounting for 51% of the country's £1.9 billion annual cheese market.", "Cheddar cheese __knowledge__ It is the second-most popular cheese in the US (behind mozzarella), with an average annual consumption of per capita.", "Cheddar cheese __knowledge__ The US produced approximately in 2014, and the UK in 2008.", "Pizza cheese __knowledge__ Pizza cheese encompasses several varieties and types of cheeses and dairy products that are designed and manufactured for use specifically on pizza.", "Pizza cheese __knowledge__ These include processed and modified cheese such as mozzarella-like processed cheeses and mozzarella variants.", "Pizza cheese __knowledge__ The term can also refer to any type of cheese suitable for use on pizza.", "Pizza cheese __knowledge__ The most popular cheeses used in the preparation of pizza are mozzarella (accounting for about 30%), provolone, cheddar and Parmesan.", "Pizza cheese __knowledge__ Emmental, Romano and ricotta are often used as toppings, and processed pizza cheeses manufactured specifically for pizza are mass-produced.", "Ricotta __knowledge__ Ricotta ( in Italian) is an Italian whey cheese made from sheep, cow, goat, or Italian water buffalo milk whey left over from the production of cheese.", "Ricotta __knowledge__ Like other whey cheeses, it is made by coagulating the proteins that remain after the casein has been used to make cheese, notably albumin and globulin.", "Ricotta __knowledge__ Ricotta (literally meaning \"recooked\") protein can be harvested if the whey is first allowed to become more acidic by additional fermentation (by letting it sit for 12–24 hours at room temperature).", "Ricotta __knowledge__ Then the acidified whey is heated to near boiling.", "Ricotta __knowledge__ The combination of low pH and high temperature denatures the protein and causes it to precipitate, forming a fine curd.", "Joseph Harding __knowledge__ Joseph Harding (22 March 1805 in Sturton Farm, Wanstrow, Somerset, England – 1 May 1876 in Vale Court Farm, Marksbury, Somerset) was responsible for the introduction of modern cheese making techniques and has been described as the \"father of Cheddar cheese\".", "Joseph Harding __knowledge__ He is credited with having invented the \"definite formula\" for the production of cheddar cheese.", "Joseph Harding __knowledge__ A number of websites describe him as the inventor of the Cheese Mill.", "Joseph Harding __knowledge__ It is unclear if this assertion is true.", "Joseph Harding __knowledge__ The cheese mill is different from the cheese press, which has been used traditionally for centuries.", "Joseph Harding __knowledge__ Certainly Harding introduced new equipment into the process of cheese making, including a \"revolving breaker\" for curd cutting, which saved much manual effort.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Manufacture of cheddar cheese __knowledge__ The manufacture of Cheddar cheese includes the process of \"cheddaring\", which makes this cheese unique.", "Manufacture of cheddar cheese __knowledge__ Cheddar cheese is named for the village of Cheddar in Somerset in South West England where it was originally made.", "Manufacture of cheddar cheese __knowledge__ The manufacture has since spread around the world and the name has become generic.", "Manufacture of cheddar cheese __knowledge__ In general, the milk is raw milk (whole or 3.3%).", "Manufacture of cheddar cheese __knowledge__ The milk must be \"ripened\" before adding in the rennet.", "Manufacture of cheddar cheese __knowledge__ The term \"ripening\" means allowing the Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to turn lactose into lactic acid, which lowers the pH of the solution, greatly aiding in the coagulation of the milk.", "Manufacture of cheddar cheese __knowledge__ This is vital for the production of cheese curds that are later formed into Cheddar.", "Cheddar, Somerset __knowledge__ Cheddar is a large village and civil parish in the Sedgemoor district of the English county of Somerset.", "Cheddar, Somerset __knowledge__ It is situated on the southern edge of the Mendip Hills, north-west of Wells.", "Cheddar, Somerset __knowledge__ The civil parish includes the hamlets of Nyland and Bradley Cross.", "Cheddar, Somerset __knowledge__ The village, which has its own parish council, has a population of 5,755 and the parish has an acreage of as of 1961.", "Cheddar, Somerset __knowledge__ Cheddar Gorge, on the northern edge of the village, is the largest gorge in the United Kingdom and includes several show caves, including Gough's Cave.", "Cheddar, Somerset __knowledge__ The gorge has been a centre of human settlement since Neolithic times including a Saxon palace.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Cheese is a food derived from milk that is produced in a wide range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein.", "Cheese __knowledge__ It comprises proteins and fat from milk, usually the milk of cows, buffalo, goats, or sheep.", "Cheese __knowledge__ During production, the milk is usually acidified, and adding the enzyme rennet causes coagulation.", "Cheese __knowledge__ The solids are separated and pressed into final form.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Some cheeses have molds on the rind, the outer layer, or throughout.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Most cheeses melt at cooking temperature.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Hundreds of types of cheese from various countries are produced.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Their styles, textures and flavors depend on the origin of the milk (including the animal's diet), whether they have been pasteurized, the butterfat content, the bacteria and mold, the processing, and aging.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ Cabernet Sauvignon () is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties.", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Canada's Okanagan Valley to Lebanon's Beqaa Valley.", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ Cabernet Sauvignon became internationally recognized through its prominence in Bordeaux wines where it is often blended with Merlot and Cabernet Franc.", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ From France, the grape spread across Europe and to the New World where it found new homes in places like California's Santa Cruz Mountains, Napa Valley, New Zealand's Hawkes Bay, Australia's Margaret River and Coonawarra regions, and Chile's Maipo Valley and Colchagua.", "List of cheeses __knowledge__ This is a list of cheeses by place of origin.", "List of cheeses __knowledge__ Types of cheese are included; brand names are only included if they apply to a distinct variety of cheese.", "List of cheeses __knowledge__ Cheese is a milk-based food that is produced in wide-ranging flavors, textures, and forms.", "List of cheeses __knowledge__ Hundreds of types of cheese from various countries are produced.", "List of cheeses __knowledge__ Their styles, textures and flavors depend on the origin of the milk (including the animal's diet), whether they have been pasteurized, the butterfat content, the bacteria and mold, the processing, and aging.", "List of cheeses __knowledge__ Herbs, spices, or wood smoke may be used as flavoring agents.", "List of cheeses __knowledge__ The yellow to red color of many cheeses, such as Red Leicester, is normally formed from adding annatto.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Midwestern cuisine is a regional cuisine of the American Midwest.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It draws its culinary roots most significantly from the cuisines of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, and Native North America, and is influenced by regionally and locally grown foodstuffs and cultural diversity.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Everyday Midwestern home cooking generally showcases simple and hearty dishes that make use of the abundance of locally grown foods.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Its culinary profiles may seem synonymous with \"American food.\"", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Quoted in a 2007 interview with the \"Daily Herald\", Chef Stephen Langlois, a pioneer in the Midwestern local food movement, described it: \"Think of Thanksgiving dinner.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu, also known as bean curd, is a food cultivated by coagulating soy milk and then pressing the resulting curds into soft white blocks.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is a component in East Asian and Southeast Asian cuisines.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu can be soft, firm, or extra firm.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu has a subtle flavor and can be used in savory and sweet dishes.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is often seasoned or marinated to suit the dish.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu has a low calorie count and relatively large amounts of protein.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is high in iron, and it can have a high calcium or magnesium content, depending on the coagulants used in manufacturing (e.g.", "Tofu __knowledge__ calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Cavenders Creek (Chestatee River) __knowledge__ Cavenders Creek is a stream in Georgia, and is a tributary of the Chestatee River.", "Cavenders Creek (Chestatee River) __knowledge__ The creek is approximately long.", "Cavenders Creek (Chestatee River) __knowledge__ Cavenders Creek rises in east-central Lumpkin County, approximately 2 miles southeast of Tate Creek, west of U.S. Route 19/State Route 9/State Route 60, and just south of the Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forest.", "Cavenders Creek (Chestatee River) __knowledge__ The creek heads south for approximately 1.9 miles, parallel to the highway, and picks up two unnamed branches from the east, before joining with Left Fork Cavenders Creek.", "Cavenders Creek (Chestatee River) __knowledge__ The creek then heads southeast for 1.4 miles, and joins the Chestatee River north of State Route 52.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters from the British comedy-drama Shameless, created by Paul Abbott, which began broadcasting on Channel 4 in 2004.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The programme is set on the fictinal Chatsworth Estate in suburban Manchester and the surrounding area, and primarily follows the lives of the Gallagher family and the neighbouring Maguire family, and their friends and neighbours in the town's shops and local pub The Jockey.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The first series focuses on layabout Frank Gallagher and the lives of his six children, Fiona and boyfriend Steve, Lip, Ian, Carl, Debbie and Liam, and next-door neighbours, Kev and Veronica.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Never Leave You (Uh Oooh, Uh Oooh) __knowledge__ \"Never Leave You (Uh Oooh, Uh Oooh)\" is a song by American recording artist Lumidee, released as the debut single on May 13, 2003 from her debut studio album, \"Almost Famous\" (2003).", "Never Leave You (Uh Oooh, Uh Oooh) __knowledge__ The original mix of the song was recorded by DJ Tedsmooth, a native of Spanish Harlem where she was raised, for DJ Tedsmooth's independent record label Straight Face.", "Never Leave You (Uh Oooh, Uh Oooh) __knowledge__ The song used the same instrumental and consent as Dirt McGirt and Nicole Wray's single \"Welcome Home\".", "Never Leave You (Uh Oooh, Uh Oooh) __knowledge__ The song became the #1 requested song on many New York radio stations.", "Never Leave You (Uh Oooh, Uh Oooh) __knowledge__ The success resulted in many major record label offered deals to both Lumidee and DJ Tedsmooth.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is a service in which a pizzeria or pizza chain delivers a pizza to a customer.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ An order is typically made either by telephone or over the internet to the pizza chain, in which the customer can request pizza type, size and other products alongside the pizza, commonly including soft drinks.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ Pizzas may be delivered in pizza boxes or delivery bags, and deliveries are made with either an automobile, motorized scooter, or bicycle.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ Customers can, depending on the pizza chain, choose to pay online, or in person, with cash, credit or a debit card.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ A delivery fee is often charged with what the customer has bought.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Raffaele Esposito __knowledge__ Raffaele Esposito was the Italian owner of a tavern called Pizzeria di Pietro e Basta Cosi in the Nineteenth century, and is considered by some to be the father of modern pizza.", "Raffaele Esposito __knowledge__ In 1889, pizza had not yet become a popular or well-known dish, and was typically eaten by poor people as a way to use up various ingredients that would otherwise go to waste.", "Raffaele Esposito __knowledge__ At that time, Esposito was considered the premier pizza-maker in the city of Naples.", "Raffaele Esposito __knowledge__ Esposito was therefore requested to prepare a pizza for Queen Margherita of Savoy, who had traveled to Naples with King Umberto I. Esposito and his wife were admitted to the royal kitchens to prepare this dish as he saw fit.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ The company is known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ It is a subsidiary of Yum!", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers Dan and Frank Carney, as a single location in Wichita, Kansas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in November 1977.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines of several European countries, with a particular emphasis on Mediterranean food from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Other possible influences on the cuisine may result from immigration from countries such as Germany and Britain.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The food is very similar to Argentine cuisine.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products, mostly coming from beef but also chicken, lamb, pig and sometimes fish.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan gastronomy came from immigration, and did not come from the Amerindians, because the new colonies did not trust the natives.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are still boiling and roasting, but with modernization also came frying (see milanesas and chivitos)." ] ]

[ 1, 35, 4, 5 ]

[ " Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread and it's also my favorite food.", "I really enjoy lots of different chesse on my pizza. Their styles, textures and flavors depend on the origin of the milk", "Modern pizza was invented in Naples the pizza over there is amazing", " In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.." ]

[ "Pizza", "Pizza", "Pizza", "Pizza" ]

[ "Kale\nI am a vegan! and what i like the most is kale! so nutritive and have a lot of protein!", "Yes and also its green my favorite color i love broccoli, kale and every green food", "I eat broccoli grated with parmesan cheese, kale i eat it plain simple, not to much ingredients", "Delicious and very healthy, a cup of kale has vitam a,k,c,b6 so many vitamins!", "No it does not contain vitamin d, that would be just a super kale! and also is low calorie" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Kale __knowledge__ Kale () or leaf cabbage are certain cultivars of cabbage (\"Brassica oleracea\") grown for their edible leaves.", "Kale __knowledge__ A kale plant has green or purple leaves and the central leaves do not form a head (as with headed cabbages).", "Kale __knowledge__ Kales are considered to be closer to wild cabbage than most domesticated forms of \"Brassica oleracea\".", "Kale __knowledge__ \"Kale\" bears semblance to \"kail\", a variant of \"cawul\" (from Scotland and northern England) for various cabbages.", "Kale __knowledge__ Until the end of the Middle Ages, kale was one of the most common green vegetables in Europe.", "Kale __knowledge__ Curly-leaved varieties of cabbage already existed along with flat-leaved varieties in Greece in the fourth century BC.", "Kale __knowledge__ It was also used as medicinal food source.", "Kale __knowledge__ Disocorides wrote that it could be used to treat bowel ailments.", "Kale __knowledge__ These forms, which were referred to by the Romans as Sabellian kale, are considered to be the ancestors of modern kales.", "Kale __knowledge__ Kale was brought to North America by the colonists in the 16th century.", "Kale __knowledge__ Later, Russian kale was introduced into Canada, and then into the United States, by Russian traders in the 19th century.", "Kale __knowledge__ During World War II, the cultivation of kale (and other vegetables) in the U.K. was encouraged by the Dig for Victory campaign.", "Kale __knowledge__ The vegetable was easy to grow and provided important nutrients missing from a diet because of rationing.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ Vegan nutrition refers to the nutritional aspects of vegan diets – diets which include no animal products.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ While a well-planned, balanced vegan diet is suitable to meet all recommendations for nutrients in every stage of life, improperly-planned vegan diets may be deficient in vitamin B, vitamin D, calcium, iodine, iron, zinc, riboflavin (vitamin B), long-chain fatty acids EPA and DHA, and omega-3 fatty acids.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ Doctors Dean Ornish, T. Colin Campbell, John A. McDougall, Michael Klaper, Caldwell Esselstyn, Michael Greger, Joel Fuhrman, and Neal D. Barnard claim that high animal fat and protein diets, such as the standard American diet, are detrimental to health.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ Like the human practice of veganism, vegan dog foods are those formulated with the exclusion of ingredients that contain or were processed with any part of an animal, or any animal byproduct.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ Vegan dog food may incorporate the use of fruits, vegetables, cereals, legumes, nuts, vegetable oils, soya, as well as any other non-animal based foods.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ The omnivorous domestic canine has evolved to metabolize carbohydrates and thrive on a diet lower in protein, and therefore, a vegan diet may be substantial if properly formulated and balanced.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be defined as the practice of consuming foods that are primarily derived from plants, with or without dairy products, eggs, and/or honey.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ This is a list of vegetarian and vegan festivals, held in numerous locations around the globe to promote veganism and/or vegetarianism among the public and support and link individuals and organizations that practice, promote or endorse veganism or vegetarianism.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Many of them are also food festivals and/or music festivals and can also contain edutainment.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Vegfest 2015 was organized by the Vegetarian Association of Ghana.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Hong Kong Vegfest started in 2013 organized by the Hong Kong Vegan Association.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ The festival organisers stipulate only vegan products be offered at the event by vendors.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Admission is free to attendees." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Kale __knowledge__ Kale () or leaf cabbage are certain cultivars of cabbage (\"Brassica oleracea\") grown for their edible leaves.", "Kale __knowledge__ A kale plant has green or purple leaves and the central leaves do not form a head (as with headed cabbages).", "Kale __knowledge__ Kales are considered to be closer to wild cabbage than most domesticated forms of \"Brassica oleracea\".", "Kale __knowledge__ \"Kale\" bears semblance to \"kail\", a variant of \"cawul\" (from Scotland and northern England) for various cabbages.", "Kale __knowledge__ Until the end of the Middle Ages, kale was one of the most common green vegetables in Europe.", "Kale __knowledge__ Curly-leaved varieties of cabbage already existed along with flat-leaved varieties in Greece in the fourth century BC.", "Kale __knowledge__ It was also used as medicinal food source.", "Kale __knowledge__ Disocorides wrote that it could be used to treat bowel ailments.", "Kale __knowledge__ These forms, which were referred to by the Romans as Sabellian kale, are considered to be the ancestors of modern kales.", "Kale __knowledge__ Kale was brought to North America by the colonists in the 16th century.", "Kale __knowledge__ Later, Russian kale was introduced into Canada, and then into the United States, by Russian traders in the 19th century.", "Kale __knowledge__ During World War II, the cultivation of kale (and other vegetables) in the U.K. was encouraged by the Dig for Victory campaign.", "Kale __knowledge__ The vegetable was easy to grow and provided important nutrients missing from a diet because of rationing.", "China Green Food Development Center __knowledge__ The China Green Food Development Center (Chinese: 中国绿色食品发展中心; abbreviated CGFDC) is the first agency in the People's Republic of China to oversee organic food standards.", "China Green Food Development Center __knowledge__ The Center was established in November 1992, and has been launched its work around 1990, under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China.", "China Green Food Development Center __knowledge__ Afterwards, the CGFDC joined the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements(IFOAM)in 1993.The center of headquarter is located in Beijing includes general office and divisions of logo management, authentication, sci-tech and standard, planning and finance and international cooperation etc..Currently,it has set up 42 local food regulatory agencies,commissioned the 38 quality inspection agencies, and 71 green food producing environmental monitoring branches.", "Broccoli __knowledge__ Broccoli is an edible green plant in the cabbage family whose large flowering head is eaten as a vegetable.", "Broccoli __knowledge__ The word \"broccoli\" comes from the Italian plural of \"\", which means \"the flowering crest of a cabbage\", and is the diminutive form of \"brocco\", meaning \"small nail\" or \"sprout\".", "Broccoli __knowledge__ Broccoli is often boiled or steamed but may be eaten raw.", "Broccoli __knowledge__ Broccoli is classified in the Italica cultivar group of the species \"Brassica oleracea\".", "Broccoli __knowledge__ Broccoli has large flower heads, usually green in color, arranged in a tree-like structure branching out from a thick, edible stalk.", "Broccoli __knowledge__ The mass of flower heads is surrounded by leaves.", "Pink __knowledge__ Pink is a pale red color that is named after a flower of the same name.", "Pink __knowledge__ It was first used as a color name in the late 17th century.", "Pink __knowledge__ According to surveys in Europe and the United States, pink is the color most often associated with charm, politeness, sensitivity, tenderness, sweetness, childhood, femininity and the romantic.", "Pink __knowledge__ It is associated with chastity and innocence when combined with white, but associated with eroticism and seduction when combined with purple or black.", "Pink __knowledge__ The color pink is named after the flowers, pinks, flowering plants in the genus \"Dianthus,\" and derives from the frilled edge of the flowers.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color psychology is the study of hues as a determinant of human behavior.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color influences perceptions that are not obvious, such as the taste of food.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colours can also enhance the effectiveness of placebos.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For example, red or orange pills are generally used as stimulants.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colour can indeed influence a person; however, it is important to remember that these effects differ between people.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Factors such as gender, age, and culture can influence how an individual perceives color.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For instance, heterosexual men tend to report that red outfits enhance female attractiveness, while heterosexual females deny any outfit color impacting that of men.", "Cabbage __knowledge__ Cabbage or headed cabbage (comprising several cultivars of Brassica oleracea) is a leafy green or purple biennial plant, grown as an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads.", "Cabbage __knowledge__ It is descended from the wild cabbage, \"B. oleracea\" var.", "Cabbage __knowledge__ \"oleracea\", and is closely related to broccoli and cauliflower (var.", "Cabbage __knowledge__ \"botrytis\"), Brussels sprouts (var.", "Cabbage __knowledge__ \"gemmifera\") and savoy cabbage (var.", "Cabbage __knowledge__ \"sabauda\") which are sometimes called cole crops.", "Cabbage __knowledge__ Cabbage heads generally range from , and can be green, purple and white.", "Cabbage __knowledge__ Smooth-leafed firm-headed green cabbages are the most common, with smooth-leafed red and crinkle-leafed savoy cabbages of both colors seen more rarely.", "James Bond in film __knowledge__ The James Bond film series is a British series of spy films based on the fictional character of MI6 agent James Bond, \"007\", who originally appeared in a series of books by Ian Fleming.", "James Bond in film __knowledge__ It is one of the longest continually-running film series in history, having been in on-going production from 1962 to the present (with a six-year hiatus between 1989 and 1995).", "James Bond in film __knowledge__ In that time Eon Productions has produced 24 films, most of them at Pinewood Studios.", "James Bond in film __knowledge__ With a combined gross of over $7 billion to date, the films produced by Eon constitute the fourth-highest-grossing film series.", "James Bond in film __knowledge__ Six actors have portrayed 007 in the Eon series, the latest being Daniel Craig.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Originating from ancient agricultural and nomadic traditions in the Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria, Korean cuisine has evolved through a complex interaction of the natural environment and different cultural trends.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine is largely based on rice, vegetables, and meats.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional Korean meals are noted for the number of side dishes (반찬; \"banchan\") that accompany steam-cooked short-grain rice.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Kimchi is served at nearly every meal.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Commonly used ingredients include sesame oil, \"doenjang\" (fermented bean paste), soy sauce, salt, garlic, ginger, pepper flakes, \"gochujang\" (fermented red chili paste) and napa cabbage.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Dog meat is the flesh and other edible parts derived from dogs.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Historically, human consumption of dog meat has been recorded in many parts of the world, including East and Southeast Asia, West Africa, Europe, Oceania and the Americas.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ In the 21st century, dog meat is consumed in many parts of China, Korea, and Vietnam.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Some cultures view the consumption of dog meat as part of their traditional and day-to-day cuisine, while other cultures consider consumption of dog meat a taboo, although they have been consumed in times of war or other hardships.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ It was estimated in 2014 that worldwide, 25 million dogs are eaten each year by humans.", "Artificial bee colony algorithm __knowledge__ In computer science and operations research, the artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC) is an optimization algorithm based on the intelligent foraging behaviour of honey bee swarm, proposed by Karaboga in 2005.", "Artificial bee colony algorithm __knowledge__ In the ABC model, the colony consists of three groups of bees: employed bees, onlookers and scouts.", "Artificial bee colony algorithm __knowledge__ It is assumed that there is only one artificial employed bee for each food source.", "Artificial bee colony algorithm __knowledge__ In other words, the number of employed bees in the colony is equal to the number of food sources around the hive.", "Artificial bee colony algorithm __knowledge__ Employed bees go to their food source and come back to hive and dance on this area.", "Artificial bee colony algorithm __knowledge__ The employed bee whose food source has been abandoned becomes a scout and starts to search for finding a new food source.", "Chinese herbology __knowledge__ Chinese herbology () is the theory of traditional Chinese herbal therapy, which accounts for the majority of treatments in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).", "Chinese herbology __knowledge__ A \"Nature\" editorial described TCM as \"fraught with pseudoscience\", and said that the most obvious reason why it has not delivered many cures is that the majority of its treatments have no logical mechanism of action.", "Chinese herbology __knowledge__ The term herbology is misleading in the sense that, while plant elements are by far the most commonly used substances, animal, human, and mineral products are also utilized,among which some are poisonous.", "Chinese herbology __knowledge__ In the Neijing they are referred to as 毒藥 [duyao] which means toxin, poison, or medicine.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ The effects of global warming include its gayon human health.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ The observed and projected increased frequency and severity of climate related impacts will further exacerbate the effects on human health.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ This article describes some of those effects on individuals and populations.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ A good example of the impact of global warming on health can be seen in the disease Erythromelalgia.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ This is a vascular disease that is commonly triggered by the involvement of change in temperature, which leads to syndromes including (first and second degree) burning pain, increased temperature, erythema and swelling, of mainly the hands and feet that are affected.", "Medicinal plants __knowledge__ Medicinal plants, also called medicinal herbs, have been discovered and used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times.", "Medicinal plants __knowledge__ Plants synthesise hundreds of chemical compounds for functions including defence against insects, fungi, diseases, and herbivorous mammals.", "Medicinal plants __knowledge__ Numerous phytochemicals with potential or established biological activity have been identified.", "Medicinal plants __knowledge__ However, since a single plant contains widely diverse phytochemicals, the effects of using a whole plant as medicine are uncertain.", "Medicinal plants __knowledge__ Further, the phytochemical content and pharmacological actions, if any, of many plants having medicinal potential remain unassessed by rigorous scientific research to define efficacy and safety." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Kale __knowledge__ Kale () or leaf cabbage are certain cultivars of cabbage (\"Brassica oleracea\") grown for their edible leaves.", "Kale __knowledge__ A kale plant has green or purple leaves and the central leaves do not form a head (as with headed cabbages).", "Kale __knowledge__ Kales are considered to be closer to wild cabbage than most domesticated forms of \"Brassica oleracea\".", "Kale __knowledge__ \"Kale\" bears semblance to \"kail\", a variant of \"cawul\" (from Scotland and northern England) for various cabbages.", "Kale __knowledge__ Until the end of the Middle Ages, kale was one of the most common green vegetables in Europe.", "Kale __knowledge__ Curly-leaved varieties of cabbage already existed along with flat-leaved varieties in Greece in the fourth century BC.", "Kale __knowledge__ It was also used as medicinal food source.", "Kale __knowledge__ Disocorides wrote that it could be used to treat bowel ailments.", "Kale __knowledge__ These forms, which were referred to by the Romans as Sabellian kale, are considered to be the ancestors of modern kales.", "Kale __knowledge__ Kale was brought to North America by the colonists in the 16th century.", "Kale __knowledge__ Later, Russian kale was introduced into Canada, and then into the United States, by Russian traders in the 19th century.", "Kale __knowledge__ During World War II, the cultivation of kale (and other vegetables) in the U.K. was encouraged by the Dig for Victory campaign.", "Kale __knowledge__ The vegetable was easy to grow and provided important nutrients missing from a diet because of rationing.", "Parmigiano-Reggiano __knowledge__ Parmigiano-Reggiano (; ), or Parmesan cheese, is a hard, granular cheese.", "Parmigiano-Reggiano __knowledge__ The name \"Parmesan\" is often used generically for various simulations of this cheese, although this is prohibited in trading in the European Economic Area under European law.", "Parmigiano-Reggiano __knowledge__ It is named after the producing areas, which comprise the provinces of Parma, Reggio Emilia, Bologna (only the area to the west of the river Reno), Modena (all in Emilia-Romagna), and Mantua (in Lombardy, but only the area to the south of river Po), Italy.", "Parmigiano-Reggiano __knowledge__ Under Italian law, only cheese produced in these provinces may be labelled \"Parmigiano-Reggiano\", and European law classifies the name, as well as the translation \"Parmesan\", as a protected designation of origin.", "Macaroni and cheese __knowledge__ Macaroni and cheese—also called mac and cheese in American, Canadian, and macaroni pie in Caribbean English; and macaroni cheese in the United Kingdom—is a dish of English origin, consisting of cooked macaroni pasta and a cheese sauce, most commonly cheddar.", "Macaroni and cheese __knowledge__ It can also incorporate other ingredients, such as breadcrumbs, meat and vegetables.", "Macaroni and cheese __knowledge__ Traditional macaroni and cheese is a casserole baked in the oven; however, it may be prepared in a sauce pan on top of the stove or using a packaged mix.", "Macaroni and cheese __knowledge__ The cheese is often first incorporated into a Béchamel sauce to create a Mornay sauce, which is then added to the pasta.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Mediterranean cuisine __knowledge__ Mediterranean cuisine is the foods and methods of preparation by people of the Mediterranean Basin region, especially those of Southern Europe.", "Mediterranean cuisine __knowledge__ The idea of a Mediterranean cuisine originates with the cookery writer Elizabeth David's book, \"A Book of Mediterranean Food\" (1950).", "Mediterranean cuisine __knowledge__ She and other writers including the Tunisian historian Mohamed Yassine Essid define the three core elements of the cuisine as the olive, wheat, and the grape, yielding olive oil, bread and pasta, and wine; other writers emphasize the diversity of the region's foods and deny that it is a useful concept.", "Mediterranean cuisine __knowledge__ The geographical area covered broadly follows the distribution of the olive tree, as noted by David and Essid.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Cheese soup __knowledge__ Cheese soup is a type of soup prepared using cheese as a primary ingredient, along with milk, broth and/or stock to form its basis.", "Cheese soup __knowledge__ Various additional ingredients are used in its preparation, and various types and styles of cheese soup exist.", "Cheese soup __knowledge__ It is a part of some cuisines in the world, such as American, Colombian, Mexican, Swiss and Tibetan cuisines.", "Cheese soup __knowledge__ Mass-produced cheese soups may be prepared with the addition of food additives to preserve them and enhance flavor.", "Cheese soup __knowledge__ A list of cheese soups is included in this article.", "Cheese soup __knowledge__ Cheese soup is a part of various cuisines, such as American cuisine, Colombian cuisine, Mexican cuisine, Swiss cuisine and Tibetan cuisine.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cuisine (, , ) is the national cuisine of Thailand.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Balance, detail, and variety are of paramount significance to Thai chefs.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cooking places emphasis on lightly prepared dishes with strong aromatic components and a spicy edge.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai chef McDang characterises Thai food as demonstrating \"intricacy; attention to detail; texture; color; taste; and the use of ingredients with medicinal benefits, as well as good flavor\", as well as care being given to the food's appearance, smell and context.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Australian chef David Thompson, an expert on Thai food, observes that unlike many other cuisines, Thai cooking rejects simplicity and is about \"the juggling of disparate elements to create a harmonious finish\".", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ Cooking bananas are banana cultivars in the genus \"Musa\" whose fruits are generally used in cooking.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ They may be eaten while ripe or unripe and are generally starchy.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ Some cooking bananas are also referred to as green bananas or plantains.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ ( , ) The term \"plantain\" is loosely applied to any banana cultivar that is eaten when cooked.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ However, there is no formal botanical distinction between bananas and plantains.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ Cooking is also a matter of custom, rather than necessity.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ Ripe plantains can be eaten raw, since the starches are converted to sugars as they ripen.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ In some countries, there may be a clear distinction between plantains and bananas, but in other countries, where many more cultivars are consumed, the distinction is not made in the common names used.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ Malaysian cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices found in Malaysia, and reflects the multiethnic makeup of its population.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The vast majority of Malaysia's population can roughly be divided among three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese and Indians.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The remainder consists of the indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia, the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia, the Peranakan and Eurasian creole communities, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ As a result of historical migrations, colonisation by foreign powers, and its geographical position within its wider home region, Malaysia's culinary style in the present day is primarily a melange of traditions from its Malay, Chinese, Indian, Indonesian and ethnic Bornean citizens, with heavy to light influences from Thai, Portuguese, Dutch, and British cuisines, to name a few.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ Dumpling is a broad classification for a dish that consists of small pieces of dough (made from a variety of starch sources) wrapped around a filling.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ The dough can be based on bread, flour, or potatoes, and may be filled with meat, fish, cheese, vegetables, fruits, or sweets.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ Dumplings may be prepared using a variety of methods, including baking, boiling, frying, simmering, or steaming.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ Banku and kenkey fit the definition of a dumpling in that they are starchy balls of dough that are steamed.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ They are formed from fermented cornmeal.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ Banku is boiled and requires continues kneading, while kenkey is partly boiled then finished by steaming in corn or banana leaves.", "Colocasia esculenta __knowledge__ Colocasia esculenta is a tropical plant grown primarily for its edible corms, the root vegetables most commonly known as taro.", "Colocasia esculenta __knowledge__ It is believed to be one of the earliest cultivated plants.", "Colocasia esculenta __knowledge__ Linnaeus originally described two species which are now known as \"Colocasia esculenta\" and \"Colocasia antiquorum\" of the cultivated plants that are known by many names including eddoes, dasheen, taro and madumbi, but many later botanists consider them all to be members of a single, very variable species, the correct name for which is \"Colocasia esculenta\".", "Colocasia esculenta __knowledge__ Taro () commonly refers to the plant \"Colocasia esculenta\", the most widely cultivated species of several plants in the Araceae family which are used as vegetables for their corms, leaves, and petioles.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Kale __knowledge__ Kale () or leaf cabbage are certain cultivars of cabbage (\"Brassica oleracea\") grown for their edible leaves.", "Kale __knowledge__ A kale plant has green or purple leaves and the central leaves do not form a head (as with headed cabbages).", "Kale __knowledge__ Kales are considered to be closer to wild cabbage than most domesticated forms of \"Brassica oleracea\".", "Kale __knowledge__ \"Kale\" bears semblance to \"kail\", a variant of \"cawul\" (from Scotland and northern England) for various cabbages.", "Kale __knowledge__ Until the end of the Middle Ages, kale was one of the most common green vegetables in Europe.", "Kale __knowledge__ Curly-leaved varieties of cabbage already existed along with flat-leaved varieties in Greece in the fourth century BC.", "Kale __knowledge__ It was also used as medicinal food source.", "Kale __knowledge__ Disocorides wrote that it could be used to treat bowel ailments.", "Kale __knowledge__ These forms, which were referred to by the Romans as Sabellian kale, are considered to be the ancestors of modern kales.", "Kale __knowledge__ Kale was brought to North America by the colonists in the 16th century.", "Kale __knowledge__ Later, Russian kale was introduced into Canada, and then into the United States, by Russian traders in the 19th century.", "Kale __knowledge__ During World War II, the cultivation of kale (and other vegetables) in the U.K. was encouraged by the Dig for Victory campaign.", "Kale __knowledge__ The vegetable was easy to grow and provided important nutrients missing from a diet because of rationing.", "Vitamin and mineral supplementation for dialysis patients __knowledge__ When healthy, the kidneys are responsible for the continuous filtration of blood in order to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and organic solute balance in the body.", "Vitamin and mineral supplementation for dialysis patients __knowledge__ However, when the kidneys are damaged, they are no longer able to do this.", "Vitamin and mineral supplementation for dialysis patients __knowledge__ Dialysis, used in end stage renal disease (also referred to as renal failure, chronic kidney disease, and kidney failure), it is a process where a machine filters the blood since the kidneys are no longer able to.", "Vitamin and mineral supplementation for dialysis patients __knowledge__ In addition to the inability to filter blood, renal failure results in the body’s inability to make some vitamins and minerals (example: vitamin D), as well as difficulty excreting excessive amounts of certain vitamins and minerals (example: phosphorus).", "Vitamin __knowledge__ A vitamin is an organic compound and an essential nutrient that an organism requires in limited amounts.", "Vitamin __knowledge__ An organic chemical compound (or related set of compounds) is called a vitamin when the organism cannot synthesize the compound in sufficient quantities, and it must be obtained through the diet; thus, the term \"vitamin\" is conditional upon the circumstances and the particular organism.", "Vitamin __knowledge__ For example, ascorbic acid (one form of vitamin C) is a vitamin for humans, but not for most other animals.", "Vitamin __knowledge__ Vitamin D is essential only for people who do not have adequate skin exposure to sunlight, as ultraviolet light promotes synthesis in skin cells.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "Dietary supplement __knowledge__ Dietary supplements can provide nutrients and extracts from food sources individually or in combination in order to increase the quantity of their consumption.", "Dietary supplement __knowledge__ The class of nutrient compounds includes vitamins, minerals, fiber, fatty acids, or amino acids.", "Dietary supplement __knowledge__ Dietary supplements can also contain substances that have not been confirmed as being essential to life, but are marketed as having a beneficial biological effect, such as plant pigments or polyphenols.", "Dietary supplement __knowledge__ These are also sold individually and in combination, and may be combined with nutrient ingredients.", "Dietary supplement __knowledge__ In the United States and Canada, dietary supplements are considered a subset of foods, and are regulated accordingly.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cuisine (, , ) is the national cuisine of Thailand.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Balance, detail, and variety are of paramount significance to Thai chefs.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cooking places emphasis on lightly prepared dishes with strong aromatic components and a spicy edge.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai chef McDang characterises Thai food as demonstrating \"intricacy; attention to detail; texture; color; taste; and the use of ingredients with medicinal benefits, as well as good flavor\", as well as care being given to the food's appearance, smell and context.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Australian chef David Thompson, an expert on Thai food, observes that unlike many other cuisines, Thai cooking rejects simplicity and is about \"the juggling of disparate elements to create a harmonious finish\".", "Milk __knowledge__ Milk is a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals.", "Milk __knowledge__ It is the primary source of nutrition for infant mammals (including humans who breastfeed) before they are able to digest other types of food.", "Milk __knowledge__ Early-lactation milk contains colostrum, which carries the mother's antibodies to its young and can reduce the risk of many diseases.", "Milk __knowledge__ It contains many other nutrients including protein and lactose.", "Milk __knowledge__ As an agricultural product, milk is extracted from non-human mammals during or soon after pregnancy.", "Milk __knowledge__ Dairy farms produced about 730 million tonnes of milk in 2011, from 260 million dairy cows.", "Milk __knowledge__ India is the world's largest producer of milk, and is the leading exporter of skimmed milk powder, yet it exports few other milk products.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ Delicious is a series of time management casual games that is developed by Zylom Studios and later on by Gamehouse Studios.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ From the 7th game onwards, the games are developed by Gamehouse Studios and Blue Giraffe.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ The games tell the story of Emily, a waitress who aspires to one day run her own restaurant, and who works in several other restaurants in order to earn the money to eventually make her dream come true.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ After releasing the first 3 games of the series, Zylom decided to \"renew\" the series by adding some factors to it to make Emily's world more memorable and natural.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ As a result of this, from the fourth game onwards, the series received high appreciation and reviews from casual game critics and gamers, such as Gamezebo, who gave the seventh game, \"Emily's True Love\", a maximum 5/5 star overall review.", "Delicious (website) __knowledge__ Delicious (stylized del.icio.us) is a social bookmarking web service for storing, sharing, and discovering web bookmarks.", "Delicious (website) __knowledge__ The site was founded by Joshua Schachter and Peter Gadjokov in 2003 and acquired by Yahoo in 2005.", "Delicious (website) __knowledge__ By the end of 2008, the service claimed more than 5.3 million users and 180 million unique bookmarked URLs.", "Delicious (website) __knowledge__ Yahoo sold Delicious to AVOS Systems in April 2011, and the site relaunched in a \"back to beta\" state on September 27 that year.", "Delicious (website) __knowledge__ In May 2014, AVOS sold the site to Science Inc.", "Delicious (website) __knowledge__ In January 2016 Delicious Media, a new alliance, reported it had assumed control of the service.", "Hungarian cuisine __knowledge__ Hungarian or Magyar cuisine is the cuisine characteristic of the nation of Hungary and its primary ethnic group, the Magyars.", "Hungarian cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional Hungarian dishes are primarily based on meats, seasonal vegetables, fruits, fresh bread, dairy products and cheeses.", "Hungarian cuisine __knowledge__ Hungarian cuisine is mostly continental Central European, with some elements from Eastern Europe such as the use of poppy, and the popularity of kefir and quark (cottage cheese).", "Hungarian cuisine __knowledge__ Paprika, a quintessential spice and pepper is often associated with Hungary and is used prominently in a handful of dishes.", "Hungarian cuisine __knowledge__ Typical Hungarian food is heavy on dairy, cheese and meats, similar to that of neighboring West Slavic cuisines (Czech, Polish and Slovak).", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ Metamorphosis is the second studio album by American singer Hilary Duff.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ The album was released on August 26, 2003 by Hollywood Records as a follow up to her holiday album, \"Santa Claus Lane\" (2002).", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ According to Duff, the album incorporates elements of pop and rock music, and it represents changes that are specific to her life and that everyone experiences.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ Duff worked with several producers on the album such as The Matrix who worked with Latin Pop Singer, Myra, also signed to Hollywood Records prior.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ Others who collaborated on the album include Chico Bennett, Matthew Gerrard, John Shanks, and his frequent writing partner Kara DioGuardi.", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ Ciara is the fifth studio album by American singer Ciara, which was released on July 9, 2013.", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ This album is the artist's first release under Epic Records, since publicly asking the now-defunct Jive Records to release her from her contractual obligations.", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ The singer cited a lack of label support and financial funding for her previous albums \"Fantasy Ride\" (2009) and \"Basic Instinct\" (2010).", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ On this fifth studio album, Ciara is reunited with her long-term mentor and friend L.A. Reid, chairman of Epic Records.", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ Reid is credited with discovering Ciara in 2003 along with signing her to his LaFace Records label and executive-producing her debut studio album, \"Goodies\" (2004).", "First Blood (Wentworth) __knowledge__ \"First Blood\" is the thirty-fifth episode of the Australian drama series \"Wentworth\".", "First Blood (Wentworth) __knowledge__ It is also the first episode of the show's fourth season, and was broadcast on 10 May 2016.", "First Blood (Wentworth) __knowledge__ The episode's story begins four months after the events of the previous episode, \"Blood and Fire\".", "First Blood (Wentworth) __knowledge__ \"First Blood\" saw the introduction of Kate Jenkinson's character Allie Novak, former prison Governor Joan (Pamela Rabe) returning as an inmate and the beginning of a rivalry between centric character Bea Smith (Danielle Cormack) and Kaz Proctor (Tammy Macintosh).", "First Blood (Wentworth) __knowledge__ The episode also includes scenes set outside the prison, which follow Franky Doyle (Nicole da Silva), a former inmate who is released on parole.", "Dive (Tycho album) __knowledge__ Dive is the second studio album by American ambient musician Scott Hansen's project Tycho.", "Dive (Tycho album) __knowledge__ Taking around five years to produce and write, \"Dive\", according to Hansen, is a set of \"artifacts from a future which might have more in common with our past than our present.” It is a hypnagogic pop balearic IDM electronica record with a sound and style that was compared to the works of Scottish group Boards of Canada by multiple professional music journalists.", "Dive (Tycho album) __knowledge__ \"Dive\" was released on November 8, 2011 by the label Ghostly International to mostly positive reviews from critics, and it landed on \"Billboard\"'s United States Top Dance/Electronic Albums and Top Heatseekers Albums charts." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Kale __knowledge__ Kale () or leaf cabbage are certain cultivars of cabbage (\"Brassica oleracea\") grown for their edible leaves.", "Kale __knowledge__ A kale plant has green or purple leaves and the central leaves do not form a head (as with headed cabbages).", "Kale __knowledge__ Kales are considered to be closer to wild cabbage than most domesticated forms of \"Brassica oleracea\".", "Kale __knowledge__ \"Kale\" bears semblance to \"kail\", a variant of \"cawul\" (from Scotland and northern England) for various cabbages.", "Kale __knowledge__ Until the end of the Middle Ages, kale was one of the most common green vegetables in Europe.", "Kale __knowledge__ Curly-leaved varieties of cabbage already existed along with flat-leaved varieties in Greece in the fourth century BC.", "Kale __knowledge__ It was also used as medicinal food source.", "Kale __knowledge__ Disocorides wrote that it could be used to treat bowel ailments.", "Kale __knowledge__ These forms, which were referred to by the Romans as Sabellian kale, are considered to be the ancestors of modern kales.", "Kale __knowledge__ Kale was brought to North America by the colonists in the 16th century.", "Kale __knowledge__ Later, Russian kale was introduced into Canada, and then into the United States, by Russian traders in the 19th century.", "Kale __knowledge__ During World War II, the cultivation of kale (and other vegetables) in the U.K. was encouraged by the Dig for Victory campaign.", "Kale __knowledge__ The vegetable was easy to grow and provided important nutrients missing from a diet because of rationing.", "Vitamin K __knowledge__ Vitamin K is a group of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamins the human body requires for complete synthesis of certain proteins that are prerequisites for blood coagulation (K from \"Koagulation\", Danish for \"coagulation\") and which the body also needs for controlling binding of calcium in bones and other tissues.", "Vitamin K __knowledge__ The vitamin K-related modification of the proteins allows them to bind calcium ions, which they cannot do otherwise.", "Vitamin K __knowledge__ Without vitamin K, blood coagulation is seriously impaired, and uncontrolled bleeding occurs.", "Vitamin K __knowledge__ Preliminary clinical research indicates that deficiency of vitamin K may weaken bones, potentially leading to osteoporosis, and may promote calcification of arteries and other soft tissues.", "Dieting __knowledge__ Dieting is the practice of eating food in a regulated and supervised fashion to decrease, maintain, or increase body weight.", "Dieting __knowledge__ In other words, it is conscious control or restriction of the diet.", "Dieting __knowledge__ A restricted diet is often used by those who are overweight or obese, sometimes in combination with physical exercise, to reduce body weight.", "Dieting __knowledge__ Some people follow a diet to gain weight (usually in the form of muscle).", "Dieting __knowledge__ Diets can also be used to maintain a stable body weight and improve health.", "Dieting __knowledge__ In particular, diets can be designed to prevent or treat diabetes.", "Dieting __knowledge__ Diets to promote weight loss can be categorized as: low-fat, low-carbohydrate, low-calorie, very low calorie and more recently flexible dieting.", "Vitamin D __knowledge__ Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and multiple other biological effects.", "Vitamin D __knowledge__ In humans, the most important compounds in this group are vitamin D (also known as cholecalciferol) and vitamin D (ergocalciferol).", "Vitamin D __knowledge__ Cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol can be ingested from the diet and from supplements.", "Vitamin D __knowledge__ Only a few foods contain vitamin D. The major natural source of the vitamin is synthesis of cholecalciferol in the skin from cholesterol through a chemical reaction that is dependent on sun exposure (specifically UVB radiation).", "Protein-sparing modified fast __knowledge__ A protein-sparing modified fast (PSMF) is a very low calorie diet with some protein, fluids, and vitamin and mineral supplementation.", "Protein-sparing modified fast __knowledge__ The diet is to last about eight months.", "Protein-sparing modified fast __knowledge__ While people often lose weight they frequently regain it afterwards.", "Protein-sparing modified fast __knowledge__ PSMFs were first designed in the 1970s.", "Protein-sparing modified fast __knowledge__ Health concerns include dehydration being a health concern, hence fluids, vitamin and mineral (potassium, magnesium, sodium, and calcium) supplementation is mandatory and doctor's supervision is recommended.", "Protein-sparing modified fast __knowledge__ Since PSMF is minimal to no fat, gallbladder stones may be exacerbated from rapid weight loss, and it is recommended to at least obtain a minimum amount of fat daily for this reason.", "Snacking __knowledge__ Snacking does not have a concrete definition.", "Snacking __knowledge__ A study taken by Katherine Chaplin and Andrew Smith from the journal \"Appetite\" says, “Participants defined snacking as food or drink eaten between main meals”.", "Snacking __knowledge__ A snack is a portion of food, smaller than a regular meal, generally eaten between meals.", "Snacking __knowledge__ As told in the textbook \"Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies\" by Frances Sienkiewicz Sizer and Ellie Whitney, sedentary men have a recommended daily calorie intake of about 2400 kcal.", "Snacking __knowledge__ For sedentary women the intake is about 2000 kcal.", "Snacking __knowledge__ The average calorie intake during a meal is about 500 kilocalories leaving a range of 300-800 kilocalories for snacks between meals.", "Nutrition facts label __knowledge__ The nutrition facts label (also known as the nutrition information panel, and other slight variations) is a label required on most packaged food in many countries.", "Nutrition facts label __knowledge__ Updates can be infrequent.", "Nutrition facts label __knowledge__ For example, the United States established rules for Nutrition Facts panel in 1990 and did not revise those rules until 2016.", "Nutrition facts label __knowledge__ Most countries also release overall nutrition guides for general educational purposes.", "Nutrition facts label __knowledge__ In some cases, the guides are based on different dietary targets for various nutrients than the labels on specific foods.", "Nutrition facts label __knowledge__ Australia and New Zealand use a nutritional information panel of the following format: Other items are included as appropriate, and the units may be varied as appropriate (e.g.", "Light skin __knowledge__ Light skin is a naturally occurring human skin color, which has little eumelanin pigmentation and which has been adapted to environments of low UV radiation.", "Light skin __knowledge__ Light skin is most commonly found amongst the native populations of Europe and Northeast Asia as measured through skin reflectance.", "Light skin __knowledge__ People with light skin pigmentation are often referred to as \"white\" or \"fair\", although these usages can be ambiguous in some countries where they are used to refer specifically to certain ethnic groups or populations.", "Light skin __knowledge__ It has been hypothesized that dark skin pigmentation was the original condition for the genus \"Homo\", including \"Homo sapiens\".", "Acne __knowledge__ Acne, also known as acne vulgaris, is a long-term skin disease that occurs when hair follicles are clogged with dead skin cells and oil from the skin.", "Acne __knowledge__ It is characterized by blackheads or whiteheads, pimples, oily skin, and possible scarring.", "Acne __knowledge__ It primarily affects areas of the skin with a relatively high number of oil glands, including the face, upper part of the chest, and back.", "Acne __knowledge__ The resulting appearance can lead to anxiety, reduced self-esteem and, in extreme cases, depression or thoughts of suicide.", "Acne __knowledge__ Genetics is thought to be the primary cause of acne in 80% of cases.", "Acne __knowledge__ The role of diet and cigarette smoking is unclear, and neither cleanliness nor exposure to sunlight appear to play a part.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Ultraviolet (UV) is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ UV radiation constitutes about 10% of the total light output of the Sun, and is thus present in sunlight.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ It is also produced by electric arcs and specialized lights, such as mercury-vapor lamps, tanning lamps, and black lights.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Although it's not considered an ionizing radiation because its photons lack the energy to ionize atoms, long-wavelength ultraviolet radiation can cause chemical reactions and causes many substances to glow or fluoresce.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Consequently, the chemical and biological effects of UV are greater than simple heating effects, and many practical applications of UV radiation derive from its interactions with organic molecules.", "Psoriasis __knowledge__ Psoriasis is a long-lasting autoimmune disease characterized by patches of abnormal skin.", "Psoriasis __knowledge__ These skin patches are typically red, itchy, and scaly.", "Psoriasis __knowledge__ Psoriasis varies in severity from small, localized patches to complete body coverage.", "Psoriasis __knowledge__ Injury to the skin can trigger psoriatic skin changes at that spot, which is known as the Koebner phenomenon.", "Psoriasis __knowledge__ There are five main types of psoriasis: plaque, guttate, inverse, pustular, and erythrodermic.", "Psoriasis __knowledge__ Plaque psoriasis, also known as psoriasis vulgaris, makes up about 90 percent of cases.", "Psoriasis __knowledge__ It typically presents as red patches with white scales on top.", "Psoriasis __knowledge__ Areas of the body most commonly affected are the back of the forearms, shins, navel area, and scalp.", "Nutritional neuroscience __knowledge__ Nutritional neuroscience is the scientific discipline that studies the effects various components of the diet such as minerals, vitamins, protein, carbohydrates, fats, dietary supplements, synthetic hormones, and food additives have on neurochemistry, neurobiology, behavior, and cognition.", "Nutritional neuroscience __knowledge__ Recent research on nutritional mechanisms and their effect on the brain show they are involved in almost every facet of neurological functioning including alterations in neurogenesis, neurotrophic factors, neural pathways and neuroplasticity, throughout the life cycle.", "Nutritional neuroscience __knowledge__ Relatively speaking, the brain consumes an immense amount of energy in comparison to the rest of the body.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid and -ascorbic acid, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ The disease scurvy is prevented and treated with vitamin C-containing foods or dietary supplements.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ Evidence does not support use in the general population for the prevention of the common cold.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ There is, however, some evidence that regular use may shorten the length of colds.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ It is unclear if supplementation affects the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, or dementia.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ It may be taken by mouth or by injection.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ Vitamin C is generally well tolerated.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ Large doses may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, trouble sleeping, and flushing of the skin." ] ]

[ 7, 19, 0, 21, 6 ]

[ "It also been used as a medicinal food source as well.", "How do you eat them? Broccoli can be boiled, steamed or eaten raw. ", "That sounds really delicious!", "Does it have vitamin D? That's an essential vitamin that can be produced by skin cells.", "Apparently curly-leaf vegatables like kale have been around since the 4th century BC" ]

[ "Kale", "Kale", "Kale", "Kale", "Kale" ]

[ "Hostage\nI would be terrified if I was held hostage.", "Really?I don't, I wouldn't know how to use it anyway. Of course in the movies hostage situations can be entertaining, I guess.", "No, I have not heard about it, what is it?", "I guess it was some ancient thing. I don't believe it would be allowed anywhere today, right?", "How awful. But there are very hostage situations here in the U.S. sometimes, even if they are the regular type." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hostage __knowledge__ A hostage is a person or entity which is held by one of two belligerent parties to the other or seized as security for the carrying out of an agreement, or as a preventive measure against war.", "Hostage __knowledge__ However, in contemporary usage, it means someone who is seized by a criminal abductor in order to compel another party such as a relative, employer, law enforcement, or government to act, or refrain from acting, in a particular way, often under threat of serious physical harm to the hostage(s) after expiration of an ultimatum.", "Hostage __knowledge__ A person who seizes one or more hostages is known as a hostage-taker; if the hostages are present voluntarily, then the receiver is known as a host.", "Hostage __knowledge__ The English word \"hostage\" derives from French \"ostage\", modern \"otage\", from Late Latin \"obsidaticum\" (Medieval Latin \"ostaticum, ostagium\"), the state of being an \"obses\" (plural \"obsides\"), \"hostage\", from Latin \"obsideō\" (\"I haunt / frequent / blockade / besiege\"), but an etymological connection was later supposed with Latin \"hostis\" (\"stranger,\" later \"enemy\").", "Hostage __knowledge__ This long history of political and military use indicates that political authorities or generals would legally agree to hand over one or usually several hostages in the custody of the other side, as guarantee of good faith in the observance of obligations.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This article is about the characters in Brian Jacques' fantasy series \"Redwall\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the Abbey Warriors from the books \"The Legend of Luke\" to \"Eulalia!\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Martin I is an anthropomorphic mouse, appearing in the \"Redwall\" series by Brian Jacques.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Known as \"Martin the Warrior\" throughout the Redwall series, Martin, a woodland mouse, is the son of Luke the Warrior and his mate Sayna.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke is the kindly leader of an idyllic tribe of mice.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Their settlement is sacked by a wicked stoat pirate named Vilu Daskar, and Sayna is killed.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke vows revenge against the corsair captain and sets out after him, refusing Martin's wishes to join him, but leaving his sword in his son's possession.", "Abu Sayyaf __knowledge__ Abu Sayyaf ( ; ; ', ASG; ), unofficially known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Philippines Province, is a Jihadist militant group that follows the Wahhabi doctrine of Sunni Islam based in and around Jolo and Basilan islands in the southwestern part of the Philippines, where for more than four decades, Moro groups have been engaged in an insurgency for an independent province in the country.", "Abu Sayyaf __knowledge__ The group is considered violent, and was responsible for the Philippines' worst terrorist attack, the bombing of Superferry 14 in 2004, which killed 116 people.", "Abu Sayyaf __knowledge__ The name of the group is derived from the Arabic \"abu\" () (\"father of\"), and \"sayyaf\" () (\"swordsmith\").", "Special Task Force (SAPS) __knowledge__ The Special Task Force (STF) is the elite Police Tactical Unit of the South African Police Service (SAPS).", "Special Task Force (SAPS) __knowledge__ The Special Task Force handles high risk operations that fall beyond the scope of classic policing which require specialised skills.", "Special Task Force (SAPS) __knowledge__ In 1967, about 2,000 members of the South African Police were deployed to guard the northern border of Rhodesia (modern day Zimbabwe) to assist Rhodesian security forces in maintaining law and order in the country as guerilla attacks became more frequent during the Rhodesian Bush War.", "Special Task Force (SAPS) __knowledge__ These police members proved to be ill-equipped and ineffective at dealing with guerilla warfare and terrorism.", "Iran hostage crisis __knowledge__ The Iran hostage crisis was a diplomatic standoff between Iran and the United States.", "Iran hostage crisis __knowledge__ Fifty-two American diplomats and citizens were held hostage for 444 days from November 4, 1979, to January 20, 1981 after a group of Iranian students belonging to the Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line, who supported the Iranian Revolution, took over the U.S. Embassy in Tehran.", "Iran hostage crisis __knowledge__ It stands as the longest hostage crisis in recorded history.", "Iran hostage crisis __knowledge__ The crisis was described by the Western media as an \"entanglement\" of \"vengeance and mutual incomprehension\".", "Iran hostage crisis __knowledge__ President Jimmy Carter called the hostages \"victims of terrorism and anarchy\" and said: \"The United States will not yield to blackmail.\"", "Brookside __knowledge__ Brookside is a British soap opera set in Liverpool, England.", "Brookside __knowledge__ The series began on the launch night of Channel 4 on 2 November 1982, and ran for 21 years until 4 November 2003.", "Brookside __knowledge__ Originally intended to be called \"Meadowcroft\", the series was produced by Mersey Television and it was conceived by Phil Redmond who also devised \"Grange Hill\" (1978–2008) and \"Hollyoaks\" (1995–present).", "Brookside __knowledge__ \"Brookside\" became very successful and was often Channel 4's highest rated programme for a number of years in the mid-1980s and with audiences regularly in excess of nine million viewers.", "Brookside __knowledge__ It is notable for realistic and socially challenging storylines.", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" is an American comedy-drama series that aired on ABC (American Broadcasting Company).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ It focuses on the residents living on the fictional Wisteria Lane as narrated by their deceased neighbor, Mary Alice Young (Brenda Strong).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ Specifically, the series follows four protagonists and Mary Alice's friends, Susan Mayer (Teri Hatcher), Lynette Scavo (Felicity Huffman), Bree Van de Kamp (Marcia Cross), and Gabrielle Solis (Eva Longoria).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" features an ensemble cast, which also includes the women's husbands, children, love interests, neighbors, and other acquaintances." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hostage __knowledge__ A hostage is a person or entity which is held by one of two belligerent parties to the other or seized as security for the carrying out of an agreement, or as a preventive measure against war.", "Hostage __knowledge__ However, in contemporary usage, it means someone who is seized by a criminal abductor in order to compel another party such as a relative, employer, law enforcement, or government to act, or refrain from acting, in a particular way, often under threat of serious physical harm to the hostage(s) after expiration of an ultimatum.", "Hostage __knowledge__ A person who seizes one or more hostages is known as a hostage-taker; if the hostages are present voluntarily, then the receiver is known as a host.", "Hostage __knowledge__ The English word \"hostage\" derives from French \"ostage\", modern \"otage\", from Late Latin \"obsidaticum\" (Medieval Latin \"ostaticum, ostagium\"), the state of being an \"obses\" (plural \"obsides\"), \"hostage\", from Latin \"obsideō\" (\"I haunt / frequent / blockade / besiege\"), but an etymological connection was later supposed with Latin \"hostis\" (\"stranger,\" later \"enemy\").", "Hostage __knowledge__ This long history of political and military use indicates that political authorities or generals would legally agree to hand over one or usually several hostages in the custody of the other side, as guarantee of good faith in the observance of obligations.", "Emergency management in American universities __knowledge__ In Emergency Management, higher learning institutions must frequently adapt broad, varied policies to deal with the unique scope of disasters that can occur in on-campus settings.", "Emergency management in American universities __knowledge__ Hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes, and wildfires are among some of the most common natural disasters that possess the capacity for large losses of life and property, with the potential to effectively destroy a university community.", "Emergency management in American universities __knowledge__ Man-made crises also can pose a serious threat to life and property, as was evident in the case of the 2007 Virginia Tech shooting.", "Emergency management in American universities __knowledge__ In order to preemptively reduce or prevent the severity of emergency situations, universities must coordinate and implement policies to effectively eliminate unnecessary risks' and decrease potential losses.", "Special Task Force (SAPS) __knowledge__ The Special Task Force (STF) is the elite Police Tactical Unit of the South African Police Service (SAPS).", "Special Task Force (SAPS) __knowledge__ The Special Task Force handles high risk operations that fall beyond the scope of classic policing which require specialised skills.", "Special Task Force (SAPS) __knowledge__ In 1967, about 2,000 members of the South African Police were deployed to guard the northern border of Rhodesia (modern day Zimbabwe) to assist Rhodesian security forces in maintaining law and order in the country as guerilla attacks became more frequent during the Rhodesian Bush War.", "Special Task Force (SAPS) __knowledge__ These police members proved to be ill-equipped and ineffective at dealing with guerilla warfare and terrorism.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes Maria Theresa Immaculata McQueen (also Owen, Fisher and Browning) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\", played by Jennifer Metcalfe.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ She debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 19 June 2006 as the first character to be introduced to the series by series producer, Bryan Kirkwood.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ In 2008 Metcalfe feared that the character was to be axed but was later reassured by the series producer that she would not be.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Metcalfe later stated her intention to stay with the series.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes is part of the McQueen family and is the longest serving McQueen on the series.", "State Protection Group __knowledge__ The State Protection Group (SPG) is part of the Specialist Operations division of the New South Wales Police Force, having been established in 1991 to deal with extraordinary policing responses.", "State Protection Group __knowledge__ The SPG directly supports police in high-risk incidents such as sieges with specialised tactical, negotiation, intelligence and command-support services.", "State Protection Group __knowledge__ The unit also provides rescue and bomb disposal support, canine policing, and armoury services.", "State Protection Group __knowledge__ Established in June 1991, the State Protection Group replaced four former specialist units; the Special Weapons and Operations Section (SWOS), the Witness Security Unit, regional Tactical Response Groups and the Police Rescue Squad.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of character summaries from the FX Networks television series, \"The Shield\".", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Captain Monica Rawling is a fictional character from the FX television show \"The Shield\", played by Glenn Close, who received an Emmy nomination as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series for her performance.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Monica Rawling succeeded David Aceveda as Captain of the Farmington precinct.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ A morally strong woman, she tried to redeem Vic Mackey and Ronnie Gardocki by involving them in a controversial asset forfeiture program designed to clean up Farmington, by destroying the neighborhood drug trade.", "2014 Sydney hostage crisis __knowledge__ The 2014 Sydney hostage crisis, also known as the Sydney siege and Lindt Cafe siege, occurred on 15–16 December 2014 when a lone gunman, Man Haron Monis, held hostage ten customers and eight employees of a Lindt chocolate café located at Martin Place in Sydney, Australia.", "2014 Sydney hostage crisis __knowledge__ Police treated the event as a terrorist attack at the time, but Monis' motives have subsequently been debated.", "2014 Sydney hostage crisis __knowledge__ The Sydney siege led to a 16-hour standoff, after which a gunshot was heard from inside and police officers from the Tactical Operations Unit stormed the café.", "2014 Sydney hostage crisis __knowledge__ Hostage Tori Johnson was killed by Monis and hostage Katrina Dawson was killed by a police bullet ricochet in the subsequent raid.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Bride kidnapping __knowledge__ Bride kidnapping, also known as marriage by abduction or marriage by capture, is a practice in which a man abducts the woman he wishes to marry.", "Bride kidnapping __knowledge__ Bride kidnapping has been practiced around the world and throughout history.", "Bride kidnapping __knowledge__ It continues to occur in countries in Central Asia, the Caucasus region, and parts of Africa, and among peoples as diverse as the Hmong in Southeast Asia, the Tzeltal in Mexico, and the Romani in Europe.", "Bride kidnapping __knowledge__ In most nations, bride kidnapping is considered a sex crime rather than a valid form of marriage.", "Bride kidnapping __knowledge__ Some types of it may also be seen as falling along the continuum between forced marriage and arranged marriage.", "Rogue (magazine) __knowledge__ Rogue was a Chicago-based men's magazine published by William Hamling from 1956 until 1965.", "Rogue (magazine) __knowledge__ Founding editor Frank M. Robinson was followed by other editors, including Harlan Ellison and Bruce Elliott.", "Rogue (magazine) __knowledge__ The magazine was subtitled as \"Designed for Men\".", "Rogue (magazine) __knowledge__ The magazine was a direct competitor to \"Playboy\", offering nude and semi-nude photographs plus sex advice aimed at a male audience.", "Rogue (magazine) __knowledge__ \"Rogue\" featured a wider array of fiction and science fiction than did \"Playboy\", along with much coverage of jazz by Ted White and others.", "Rogue (magazine) __knowledge__ The first two magazine articles written by Hunter S. Thompson appeared in \"Rogue\" in 1961.", "William Hamling (publisher) __knowledge__ William Lawrence Hamling (June 14, 1921 – June 29, 2016) was a Chicago-based writer, science fiction fan, and publisher of both science fiction digests and adult magazines and books active from the late 1930s until 1975.", "William Hamling (publisher) __knowledge__ Hamling is a lifelong member of First Fandom.", "William Hamling (publisher) __knowledge__ Hamling was born in Chicago, Illinois, on June 14, 1921.", "William Hamling (publisher) __knowledge__ His father, a railroad man who worked for the Illinois Central Railroad and who retired after forty years' service, and his mother, who was a housewife, were both native born.", "William Hamling (publisher) __knowledge__ Hamling has one sister, two years younger than he is.", "William Hamling (publisher) __knowledge__ Due to a typographical error on the discharge papers of Hamling's paternal grandfather, who served in the Union Army during the American Civil War, the family name of Hemmerling was changed to Hamling.", "Robert Black (serial killer) __knowledge__ Robert Black (21 April 1947 – 12 January 2016) was a Scottish serial killer and paedophile who was convicted of the kidnap, rape, sexual assault and murder of four girls aged between 5 and 11 in a series of killings committed between 1981 and 1986 in the United Kingdom.", "Robert Black (serial killer) __knowledge__ Black was convicted of the kidnapping, rape and murder of three girls on 19 May 1994.", "Robert Black (serial killer) __knowledge__ He was also convicted of the kidnapping of a fourth girl, and had earlier been convicted of the kidnapping and sexual assault of a fifth.", "Robert Black (serial killer) __knowledge__ He was sentenced to life imprisonment, with a recommendation that he serve a minimum of 35 years.", "Robert Black (serial killer) __knowledge__ Black was further convicted of the 1981 sexual assault and murder of nine-year-old Jennifer Cardy in 2011, and at the time of his death was regarded as the prime suspect in the 1978 disappearance and murder of 13-year-old Genette Tate.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ Criminal procedure in South Africa refers to the adjudication process of that country's criminal law.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ It forms part of procedural or adjectival law, and describes the means by which its substantive counterpart, South African criminal law, is applied.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ It has its basis mainly in English law.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ When the British occupied the Cape permanently in 1806, they retained the Roman-Dutch legal system.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ They concluded, however, that the criminal justice system was archaic, and so introduced one based on their own in 1828.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ It has been developed over the years to suit local conditions.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ The South African system today is basically accusatorial: that is, the state accuses and the accused defends.", "Randall Rossilli Jr. __knowledge__ Randall Rossilli Jr. (Randy) is media entrepreneur.", "Randall Rossilli Jr. __knowledge__ Rossilli has been nominated for four Emmys, winning one in 2009.", "Randall Rossilli Jr. __knowledge__ He has also won the New York International Film Festival for his contributions to the Social Documentary, Presumption of Guilt.", "Randall Rossilli Jr. __knowledge__ He was the founder and President/CEO of Nightstand Creations, Inc. as well as Nightstand Studios and the Nightstand Music Group.", "Randall Rossilli Jr. __knowledge__ He is currently the teacher of Broadcast Journalism, and oversees PVTV for Passaic Valley Regional High School in Little Falls, NJ.", "Randall Rossilli Jr. __knowledge__ Rossilli was born January 11, 1968, in Clara Maas Hospital in Belleville, New Jersey, to Randall Rossilli, a self-employed entrepreneur who owned his own flooring business, and Patricia Rossilli, a legal secretary who would become a stay-at-home mom." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hostage __knowledge__ A hostage is a person or entity which is held by one of two belligerent parties to the other or seized as security for the carrying out of an agreement, or as a preventive measure against war.", "Hostage __knowledge__ However, in contemporary usage, it means someone who is seized by a criminal abductor in order to compel another party such as a relative, employer, law enforcement, or government to act, or refrain from acting, in a particular way, often under threat of serious physical harm to the hostage(s) after expiration of an ultimatum.", "Hostage __knowledge__ A person who seizes one or more hostages is known as a hostage-taker; if the hostages are present voluntarily, then the receiver is known as a host.", "Hostage __knowledge__ The English word \"hostage\" derives from French \"ostage\", modern \"otage\", from Late Latin \"obsidaticum\" (Medieval Latin \"ostaticum, ostagium\"), the state of being an \"obses\" (plural \"obsides\"), \"hostage\", from Latin \"obsideō\" (\"I haunt / frequent / blockade / besiege\"), but an etymological connection was later supposed with Latin \"hostis\" (\"stranger,\" later \"enemy\").", "Hostage __knowledge__ This long history of political and military use indicates that political authorities or generals would legally agree to hand over one or usually several hostages in the custody of the other side, as guarantee of good faith in the observance of obligations.", "Heard Island and McDonald Islands __knowledge__ The Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands (abbreviated as HIMI) is an Australian external territory comprising a volcanic group of barren Antarctic islands, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica.", "Heard Island and McDonald Islands __knowledge__ The group's overall size is in area and it has of coastline.", "Heard Island and McDonald Islands __knowledge__ Discovered in the mid-19th century, the islands have been an Australian territory since 1947 and contain the country's only two active volcanoes.", "Heard Island and McDonald Islands __knowledge__ The summit of one, Mawson Peak, is higher than any mountain on the Australian mainland.", "Heard Island and McDonald Islands __knowledge__ The islands lie on the Kerguelen Plateau in the Indian Ocean.", "Heard Island and McDonald Islands __knowledge__ The islands are among the most remote places on Earth: They are located approximately southwest of Perth, southwest of Cape Leeuwin, Australia, southeast of South Africa, southeast of Madagascar, north of Antarctica, and southeast of the Kerguelen Islands.", "Gerald Heard __knowledge__ Henry FitzGerald Heard (6 October 1889 – 14 August 1971), commonly called Gerald Heard, was a British-born American historian, science writer, public lecturer, educator, and philosopher.", "Gerald Heard __knowledge__ He wrote many articles and over 35 books.", "Gerald Heard __knowledge__ Heard was a guide and mentor to numerous well-known Americans, including Henry Luce and Clare Boothe Luce, and Bill Wilson, co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous, in the 1950s and 1960s.", "Gerald Heard __knowledge__ His work was a forerunner of, and influence on, the consciousness development movement that has spread in the Western world since the 1960s.", "Gerald Heard __knowledge__ The son of an Anglo-Irish clergyman, Heard was born in London.", "California v. Murray __knowledge__ The trial of Conrad Murray (People of the State of California v. Conrad Robert Murray) was the American criminal trial of Michael Jackson's personal physician, Conrad Murray, who was charged with involuntary manslaughter for the pop singer's death on June 25, 2009, from a massive overdose of the general anesthetic propofol.", "California v. Murray __knowledge__ The trial, which started on September 27, 2011, was held in the Los Angeles County Superior Court in Los Angeles, California, before Judge Michael Pastor and it was televised.", "California v. Murray __knowledge__ The prosecutors in the case (David Walgren and Deborah Brazil, both Los Angeles deputy district attorneys), in their opening statement, told jurors: \"misplaced trust in the hands of Murray cost Jackson his life\".", "Trial of George Zimmerman __knowledge__ State of Florida v. George Zimmerman was a criminal prosecution of George Zimmerman on the charge of second-degree murder stemming from the shooting of Trayvon Martin on February 26, 2012.", "Trial of George Zimmerman __knowledge__ On April 11, 2012, George Zimmerman was charged with second-degree murder in the shooting death of 17-year-old Trayvon Martin.", "Trial of George Zimmerman __knowledge__ In support of the charges, the State filed an affidavit of probable cause, stating that Zimmerman profiled and confronted Martin and shot him to death while Martin was committing no crimes.", "Trial of George Zimmerman __knowledge__ Florida State Attorney Angela Corey announced the charges against Zimmerman during a televised press conference and reported that Zimmerman was in custody after turning himself in to law enforcement.", "Mark Heard __knowledge__ John Mark Heard (December 16, 1951 – August 16, 1992) was an American record producer, folk rock singer, and songwriter originally from Macon, Georgia, United States.", "Mark Heard __knowledge__ Heard released 16 albums, and produced and performed with many other artists as well, such as Sam Phillips (a.k.a.", "Mark Heard __knowledge__ Leslie Phillips), Pierce Pettis, Phil Keaggy, Vigilantes of Love, Peter Buck of R.E.M.", "Mark Heard __knowledge__ (who co-produced VOL's album \"Killing Floor\" with Heard), John Austin, The Choir, Randy Stonehill and Michael Been of The Call.", "Mark Heard __knowledge__ Heard produced part of Olivia Newton-John's \"The Rumor\", which also included a cover of Heard's own \"Big and Strong\" (originally called \"How to Grow Up Big and Strong\").", "Amber Heard __knowledge__ Amber Laura Heard (born April 22, 1986) is an American actress.", "Amber Heard __knowledge__ She made her film debut in 2004 in the sports drama \"Friday Night Lights\".", "Amber Heard __knowledge__ After small roles in \"North Country\" and \"Alpha Dog\", Heard played her first leading role in \"All the Boys Love Mandy Lane\" (2006) and appeared in The CW television show \"Hidden Palms\" (2007).", "Amber Heard __knowledge__ Heard's breakthrough came in 2008 with roles in \"Never Back Down\" and \"Pineapple Express\".", "Amber Heard __knowledge__ She received the Breakthrough Award at Young Hollywood Awards.", "Amber Heard __knowledge__ Her appearance in films such as \"The Informers\", \"The Stepfather\", \"Zombieland\", and \"The Joneses\" brought her further attention.", "Stephen Heard __knowledge__ Stephen Heard (November 1, 1740 – November 15, 1815) was the Governor of Georgia of Georgia a position that was, out of necessity, named from the Georgia House of Representatives and was later known as Governor.", "Stephen Heard __knowledge__ He served in this position from May 24, 1780 until August 18, 1781.", "Stephen Heard __knowledge__ One record lists Heard as resigning as president in 1782.", "Stephen Heard __knowledge__ Heard had fought in the French and Indian War and was a hero of the American Revolutionary War.", "Stephen Heard __knowledge__ He was a Lieutenant Colonel in the Georgia militia under Lieutenant John Dooly.", "Stephen Heard __knowledge__ He fought with Gen. Elijah Clarke at the Battle of Kettle Creek where he was captured.", "Stephen Heard __knowledge__ Heard was also a friend of George Washington.", "Bride kidnapping __knowledge__ Bride kidnapping, also known as marriage by abduction or marriage by capture, is a practice in which a man abducts the woman he wishes to marry.", "Bride kidnapping __knowledge__ Bride kidnapping has been practiced around the world and throughout history.", "Bride kidnapping __knowledge__ It continues to occur in countries in Central Asia, the Caucasus region, and parts of Africa, and among peoples as diverse as the Hmong in Southeast Asia, the Tzeltal in Mexico, and the Romani in Europe.", "Bride kidnapping __knowledge__ In most nations, bride kidnapping is considered a sex crime rather than a valid form of marriage.", "Bride kidnapping __knowledge__ Some types of it may also be seen as falling along the continuum between forced marriage and arranged marriage.", "Ala kachuu __knowledge__ Ala kachuu () is a form of bride kidnapping still practised in Kyrgyzstan.", "Ala kachuu __knowledge__ The term can apply to a variety of actions, ranging from a consensual elopement to a non-consensual kidnapping, and to what extent it actually happens is controversial.", "Ala kachuu __knowledge__ Some sources suggest that currently at least a third of Kyrgyzstan's brides are taken against their will.", "Ala kachuu __knowledge__ \"Kyz ala kachuu\" () means \"to take a young woman and run away\".", "Ala kachuu __knowledge__ The typical non-consensual variety involves the young man abducting a woman either by force or by guile, often accompanied by friends or male relatives.", "Ala kachuu __knowledge__ They take her to his family home, where she is kept in a room until the man's female relatives convince her to put on the scarf of a married woman as a sign of acceptance.", "Sexual slavery __knowledge__ Sexual slavery (sometimes known as sexual exploitation) is attaching the right of ownership over one or more persons with the intent of coercing or otherwise forcing them to engage in one or more sexual activities.", "Sexual slavery __knowledge__ This includes forced labor, reducing a person to a servile status (including forced marriage) and sex trafficking persons, such as the sexual trafficking of children.", "Sexual slavery __knowledge__ Sexual slavery may also involve single-owner sexual slavery; ritual slavery, sometimes associated with certain religious practices, such as ritual servitude in Ghana, Togo and Benin; slavery for primarily non-sexual purposes but where non-consensual sexual activity is common; or forced prostitution.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognised union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between those spouses, as well as between them and any resulting biological or adopted children and affinity (in-laws and other family through marriage).", "Marriage __knowledge__ The definition of marriage varies around the world not only between cultures and between religions, but also throughout the history of any given culture and religion, evolving to both expand and constrict in who and what is encompassed, but typically it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned.", "Violence against women __knowledge__ Violence against women (VAW), also known as gender-based violence, is, collectively, violent acts that are primarily or exclusively committed against women.", "Violence against women __knowledge__ Sometimes considered a hate crime, this type of violence targets a specific group with the victim's gender as a primary motive.", "Violence against women __knowledge__ This type of violence is gender-based, meaning that the acts of violence are committed against women expressly because they are women.", "Violence against women __knowledge__ The UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women states, \"violence against women is a manifestation of historically unequal power relations between men and women\" and \"violence against women is one of the crucial social mechanisms by which women are forced into a subordinate position compared with men.\"", "Women's rights __knowledge__ Women's rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide, and formed the basis for the women's rights movement in the nineteenth century and feminist movement during the 20th century.", "Women's rights __knowledge__ In some countries, these rights are institutionalized or supported by law, local custom, and behavior, whereas in others they are ignored and suppressed.", "Women's rights __knowledge__ They differ from broader notions of human rights through claims of an inherent historical and traditional bias against the exercise of rights by women and girls, in favor of men and boys.", "Women's rights __knowledge__ Issues commonly associated with notions of women's rights include, though are not limited to, the right: to bodily integrity and autonomy; to be free from sexual violence; to vote; to hold public office; to enter into legal contracts; to have equal rights in family law; to work; to fair wages or equal pay; to have reproductive rights; to own property; to education.", "Forced marriage __knowledge__ Forced marriage is a marriage in which one or more of the parties is married without his or her consent or against his or her will.", "Forced marriage __knowledge__ A forced marriage differs from an arranged marriage, in which both parties consent to the assistance of their parents or a third party (such as a matchmaker) in choosing a spouse.", "Forced marriage __knowledge__ There is often a continuum of coercion used to compel a marriage, ranging from outright physical violence to subtle psychological pressure.", "Forced marriage __knowledge__ Forced marriage is still practised in various cultures across the world, particularly in parts of South Asia and Africa.", "Forced marriage __knowledge__ Some scholars object to use of the term \"forced marriage\" because it invokes the consensual legitimating language of marriage (such as husband/wife) for an experience that is precisely the opposite." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hostage __knowledge__ A hostage is a person or entity which is held by one of two belligerent parties to the other or seized as security for the carrying out of an agreement, or as a preventive measure against war.", "Hostage __knowledge__ However, in contemporary usage, it means someone who is seized by a criminal abductor in order to compel another party such as a relative, employer, law enforcement, or government to act, or refrain from acting, in a particular way, often under threat of serious physical harm to the hostage(s) after expiration of an ultimatum.", "Hostage __knowledge__ A person who seizes one or more hostages is known as a hostage-taker; if the hostages are present voluntarily, then the receiver is known as a host.", "Hostage __knowledge__ The English word \"hostage\" derives from French \"ostage\", modern \"otage\", from Late Latin \"obsidaticum\" (Medieval Latin \"ostaticum, ostagium\"), the state of being an \"obses\" (plural \"obsides\"), \"hostage\", from Latin \"obsideō\" (\"I haunt / frequent / blockade / besiege\"), but an etymological connection was later supposed with Latin \"hostis\" (\"stranger,\" later \"enemy\").", "Hostage __knowledge__ This long history of political and military use indicates that political authorities or generals would legally agree to hand over one or usually several hostages in the custody of the other side, as guarantee of good faith in the observance of obligations.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Pricing games are featured on the current version of the American game show The Price Is Right.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ The contestant from Contestants' Row who bids closest to the price of a prize without going over wins the prize and has the chance to win additional prizes or cash in an onstage game.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ After the pricing game ends, a new contestant is selected for Contestants' Row and the process is repeated.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Six pricing games are played on each hour-long episode.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Prior to expanding to one hour in length, three games per episode were played during the half-hour format.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ With the exception of a single game from early in the show's history, only one contestant at a time is involved in a pricing game.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist, essayist, journalist, and critic.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ His work is marked by lucid prose, awareness of social injustice, opposition to totalitarianism, and outspoken support of democratic socialism.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ Orwell wrote literary criticism, poetry, fiction, and polemical journalism.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ He is best known for the allegorical novella \"Animal Farm\" (1945) and the dystopian novel \"Nineteen Eighty-Four\" (1949).", "George Orwell __knowledge__ His non-fiction works, including \"The Road to Wigan Pier\" (1937), documenting his experience of working class life in the north of England, and \"Homage to Catalonia\" (1938), an account of his experiences in the Spanish Civil War, are widely acclaimed, as are his essays on politics, literature, language, and culture.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ The \"Deltora\" series features a wide line of characters, both important and minor.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ The series also features many different monsters and creatures that appeared in all of the many different books.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ This article is a list of the many different characters and creatures that have appeared in the Deltora series.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ Lief was raised as a blacksmith's son in the run-down city of Del after the invasion.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ Hot-headed and impatient at the start of the series, all he wanted to do was go out and explore the city.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ On the night of his sixteenth birthday, he leaves on his father's quest to restore the Belt of Deltora, the only thing that can save their land and the heir from the tyranny of the Shadow Lord.", "Family Game Night (TV series) __knowledge__ Family Game Night is an American television game show based on Hasbro's family of board games and EA's video game franchise of the same name.", "Family Game Night (TV series) __knowledge__ The show is hosted by Todd Newton.", "Family Game Night (TV series) __knowledge__ Burton Richardson announced for the first two seasons, until he was replaced by Stacey J. Aswad for the third season, and then Andrew Kishino beginning in the fourth season.", "Family Game Night (TV series) __knowledge__ The 60-minute program debuted on October 10, 2010 on the new channel, The Hub, formerly Discovery Kids (later Discovery Family on October 13, 2014); it was previewed on October 9, 2010 on its sister channel, TLC.", "Family Game Night (TV series) __knowledge__ Seasons 1 through 3 each contained between 20 and 30 episodes.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "J. I. Packer __knowledge__ James Innell Packer (born 22 July 1926), usually cited as J. I. Packer, is a British-born Canadian Christian theologian in the low-church Anglican and Calvinist traditions.", "J. I. Packer __knowledge__ He currently serves as the Board of Governors' Professor of Theology at Regent College in Vancouver, British Columbia.", "J. I. Packer __knowledge__ He is considered one of the most influential evangelicals in North America.", "J. I. Packer __knowledge__ He has been the theologian emeritus of the Anglican Church in North America since its inception in 2009.", "J. I. Packer __knowledge__ Born in Gloucester, England, the son of a clerk for the Great Western Railway, Packer won a scholarship to Oxford University.", "J. I. Packer __knowledge__ He was educated at Corpus Christi College, obtaining the degrees of Bachelor of Arts (1948), Master of Arts (1954), and Doctor of Philosophy (1954).", "Bride kidnapping __knowledge__ Bride kidnapping, also known as marriage by abduction or marriage by capture, is a practice in which a man abducts the woman he wishes to marry.", "Bride kidnapping __knowledge__ Bride kidnapping has been practiced around the world and throughout history.", "Bride kidnapping __knowledge__ It continues to occur in countries in Central Asia, the Caucasus region, and parts of Africa, and among peoples as diverse as the Hmong in Southeast Asia, the Tzeltal in Mexico, and the Romani in Europe.", "Bride kidnapping __knowledge__ In most nations, bride kidnapping is considered a sex crime rather than a valid form of marriage.", "Bride kidnapping __knowledge__ Some types of it may also be seen as falling along the continuum between forced marriage and arranged marriage.", "Forced marriage __knowledge__ Forced marriage is a marriage in which one or more of the parties is married without his or her consent or against his or her will.", "Forced marriage __knowledge__ A forced marriage differs from an arranged marriage, in which both parties consent to the assistance of their parents or a third party (such as a matchmaker) in choosing a spouse.", "Forced marriage __knowledge__ There is often a continuum of coercion used to compel a marriage, ranging from outright physical violence to subtle psychological pressure.", "Forced marriage __knowledge__ Forced marriage is still practised in various cultures across the world, particularly in parts of South Asia and Africa.", "Forced marriage __knowledge__ Some scholars object to use of the term \"forced marriage\" because it invokes the consensual legitimating language of marriage (such as husband/wife) for an experience that is precisely the opposite.", "Hauerseter–Gardermoen Line __knowledge__ Hauerseter–Gardermoen Line (), previously also known as the Gardermoen Line, is an abandoned, branch line in Ullensaker, Norway, which connected Hauerseter Station on the Trunk Line to Gardermoen Air Station.", "Hauerseter–Gardermoen Line __knowledge__ The line had three branches at Gardermoen, one of which led to Trandum.", "Hauerseter–Gardermoen Line __knowledge__ Plans for a branch existed from the early 20th century, but the line was not built until the German occupation of Norway in 1940, when the Luftwaffe upgraded Gardermoen.", "Hauerseter–Gardermoen Line __knowledge__ The line opened on 13 June 1941.", "Hauerseter–Gardermoen Line __knowledge__ After the end of the Second World War in 1945 the line was transferred to the Royal Norwegian Air Force.", "Hauerseter–Gardermoen Line __knowledge__ The line saw limited passenger and cargo traffic, mostly the haulage of aviation fuel.", "Emily Thorne __knowledge__ Emily Rebecca Thorne (previously Grayson; née Amanda Clarke) is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the ABC television series \"Revenge\", portrayed by Emily VanCamp.", "Emily Thorne __knowledge__ Emily Thorne has been described as a flawed and multifaceted heroine figure.", "Emily Thorne __knowledge__ Due to her father being betrayed and her being forced into foster care and juvenile detention, Thorne has become emotionally troubled.", "Emily Thorne __knowledge__ Emily VanCamp, who portrays Thorne, described the character as having become \"corrupted\" to the point where VanCamp was concerned that it would be difficult to make Thorne appealing to audiences.", "Emily Thorne __knowledge__ The character usually appears calm and cold while dealing with difficult circumstances but as the series progresses, she begins to reveal vulnerabilities in her demeanor and reacts more emotionally to situations, which also impedes her efforts to get vengeance.", "Sexism __knowledge__ Sexism or gender discrimination is prejudice or discrimination based on a person's sex or gender.", "Sexism __knowledge__ Sexism can affect either gender, but it is particularly documented as affecting women and girls.", "Sexism __knowledge__ It has been linked to stereotypes and gender roles, and may include the belief that one sex or gender is intrinsically superior to another.", "Sexism __knowledge__ Extreme sexism may foster sexual harassment, rape, and other forms of sexual violence.", "Sexism __knowledge__ According to Fred R. Shapiro, the term \"sexism\" was most likely coined on November 18, 1965, by Pauline M. Leet during a \"Student-Faculty Forum\" at Franklin and Marshall College.", "Sexism __knowledge__ Specifically, the word sexism appears in Leet's forum contribution \"Women and the Undergraduate\", and she defines it by comparing it to racism, stating in part (on page 3): \"When you argue ... that since fewer women write good poetry this justifies their total exclusion, you are taking a position analogous to that of the racist—I might call you in this case a 'sexist' ...", "Hauerseter Station __knowledge__ Hauerseter Station is a railway station located at Hauerseter in Ullensaker, Norway on the Trunk Line.", "Hauerseter Station __knowledge__ The station was opened in 1894 and is served by commuter train Line 440 from Drammen via Oslo Central Station to Dal.", "Hauerseter Station __knowledge__ From 1947 until the construction of Gardermoen Line and Oslo Airport, Gardermoen in the 1990s, Hauerseter was the terminal station of the Hauerseter–Gardermoen Line, a branch line that went to Gardermoen Air Station.", "Hauerseter __knowledge__ Hauerseter is a village in Ullensaker, Akershus, Norway.", "Hauerseter __knowledge__ In rail transport, the village was covered by Hauerseter Station on the Trunk Line, formerly also a terminus on the Hauerseter–Gardermoen Line.", "Hauerseter __knowledge__ The local sports club is Hauerseter SK." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hostage __knowledge__ A hostage is a person or entity which is held by one of two belligerent parties to the other or seized as security for the carrying out of an agreement, or as a preventive measure against war.", "Hostage __knowledge__ However, in contemporary usage, it means someone who is seized by a criminal abductor in order to compel another party such as a relative, employer, law enforcement, or government to act, or refrain from acting, in a particular way, often under threat of serious physical harm to the hostage(s) after expiration of an ultimatum.", "Hostage __knowledge__ A person who seizes one or more hostages is known as a hostage-taker; if the hostages are present voluntarily, then the receiver is known as a host.", "Hostage __knowledge__ The English word \"hostage\" derives from French \"ostage\", modern \"otage\", from Late Latin \"obsidaticum\" (Medieval Latin \"ostaticum, ostagium\"), the state of being an \"obses\" (plural \"obsides\"), \"hostage\", from Latin \"obsideō\" (\"I haunt / frequent / blockade / besiege\"), but an etymological connection was later supposed with Latin \"hostis\" (\"stranger,\" later \"enemy\").", "Hostage __knowledge__ This long history of political and military use indicates that political authorities or generals would legally agree to hand over one or usually several hostages in the custody of the other side, as guarantee of good faith in the observance of obligations.", "Emergency management in American universities __knowledge__ In Emergency Management, higher learning institutions must frequently adapt broad, varied policies to deal with the unique scope of disasters that can occur in on-campus settings.", "Emergency management in American universities __knowledge__ Hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes, and wildfires are among some of the most common natural disasters that possess the capacity for large losses of life and property, with the potential to effectively destroy a university community.", "Emergency management in American universities __knowledge__ Man-made crises also can pose a serious threat to life and property, as was evident in the case of the 2007 Virginia Tech shooting.", "Emergency management in American universities __knowledge__ In order to preemptively reduce or prevent the severity of emergency situations, universities must coordinate and implement policies to effectively eliminate unnecessary risks' and decrease potential losses.", "Militarization of police __knowledge__ Militarization of police refers to the use of military equipment and tactics by law enforcement officers.", "Militarization of police __knowledge__ This includes the use of armored personnel carriers, assault rifles, submachine guns, flashbang grenades, grenade launchers, sniper rifles, and Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) teams.", "Militarization of police __knowledge__ The militarization of law enforcement is also associated with intelligence agency-style information gathering aimed at the public and political activists, and a more aggressive style of law enforcement.", "Militarization of police __knowledge__ Criminal justice professor Peter Kraska has defined militarization of police as \"the process whereby civilian police increasingly draw from, and pattern themselves around, the tenets of militarism and the military model.\"", "Commando __knowledge__ A commando is a soldier or operative of an elite light infantry or special operations force often specializing in amphibious landings, parachuting or abseiling.", "Commando __knowledge__ Originally \"a commando\" was a type of combat unit, as opposed to an individual in that unit.", "Commando __knowledge__ In other languages, \"commando\" and kommando denote a \"command\", including the sense of a military or an elite special operations unit.", "Commando __knowledge__ In the militaries and governments of most countries, commandos are distinctive in that they specialize in assault on unconventional high-value targets.", "Commando __knowledge__ However, the term commando is sometimes used in relation to units carrying out the latter tasks (including some civilian police units).", "State Protection Group __knowledge__ The State Protection Group (SPG) is part of the Specialist Operations division of the New South Wales Police Force, having been established in 1991 to deal with extraordinary policing responses.", "State Protection Group __knowledge__ The SPG directly supports police in high-risk incidents such as sieges with specialised tactical, negotiation, intelligence and command-support services.", "State Protection Group __knowledge__ The unit also provides rescue and bomb disposal support, canine policing, and armoury services.", "State Protection Group __knowledge__ Established in June 1991, the State Protection Group replaced four former specialist units; the Special Weapons and Operations Section (SWOS), the Witness Security Unit, regional Tactical Response Groups and the Police Rescue Squad.", "Special Task Force (SAPS) __knowledge__ The Special Task Force (STF) is the elite Police Tactical Unit of the South African Police Service (SAPS).", "Special Task Force (SAPS) __knowledge__ The Special Task Force handles high risk operations that fall beyond the scope of classic policing which require specialised skills.", "Special Task Force (SAPS) __knowledge__ In 1967, about 2,000 members of the South African Police were deployed to guard the northern border of Rhodesia (modern day Zimbabwe) to assist Rhodesian security forces in maintaining law and order in the country as guerilla attacks became more frequent during the Rhodesian Bush War.", "Special Task Force (SAPS) __knowledge__ These police members proved to be ill-equipped and ineffective at dealing with guerilla warfare and terrorism.", "Emergency Service Unit __knowledge__ An Emergency Service Unit (ESU) is a multi-faceted and multi-talented element within the special operations commands of some U.S. municipal, county, or state-level law enforcement agencies.", "Emergency Service Unit __knowledge__ ESUs exist mainly in the regional New York City metropolitan area but some exist in a few other jurisdictions outside the region.", "Emergency Service Unit __knowledge__ The NYPD is credited with establishing the concept of a police emergency squad ESU is also synonymous with the term Emergency Services Squad (ESS) and Emergency Service Detail (ESD).", "Emergency Service Unit __knowledge__ An ESU operates at the direction of the command staff and responds to emergency and high-risk situations that occur outside the scope of duties of responding patrol and criminal investigation units.", "Reinforced Regional Task Force __knowledge__ Förstärkt Regional Insatsstyrka (English: Reinforced Regional Task Force), prior to 2015 officially known as Piketen (or Piketenheten) is a special operations asset of the Swedish Police Authority, similar to the SWAT in the United States.", "Reinforced Regional Task Force __knowledge__ RRTF is called upon when situations occur that are too dangerous for ordinary police to handle such as hostage situations, serving high-risk arrest warrants and confronting armed criminals.", "Reinforced Regional Task Force __knowledge__ The main task of the RRTF is dangerous situations in dangerous environments, e.g.", "Reinforced Regional Task Force __knowledge__ hostage situations and situations including armed dangerous suspects.", "Reinforced Regional Task Force __knowledge__ Other tasks are riot control, escorting VIP's/objects of value and serving high-risk arrest warrants etc.", "Central Asia __knowledge__ Central Asia stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north.", "Central Asia __knowledge__ It is also colloquially referred to as \"the stans\" as the countries generally considered to be within the region all have names ending with the Persian suffix \"-stan\", meaning \"land of\".", "Central Asia __knowledge__ Central Asia is sometimes referred to as Turkestan.", "Central Asia __knowledge__ Central Asia has a population of about /1e6 round 0 million, consisting of five republics: Kazakhstan (pop.", "Central Asia __knowledge__ /1e6 round 0 million), Kyrgyzstan (/1e6 round 0 million), Tajikistan (/1e6 round 0 million), Turkmenistan (/1e6 round 0 million), and Uzbekistan (/1e6 round 0 million).", "History of Central Asia __knowledge__ The history of Central Asia concerns the history of the various peoples that have inhabited Central Asia.", "History of Central Asia __knowledge__ The lifestyle of such people has been determined primarily by the area's climate and geography.", "History of Central Asia __knowledge__ The aridity of the region makes agriculture difficult and distance from the sea cut it off from much trade.", "History of Central Asia __knowledge__ Thus, few major cities developed in the region.", "History of Central Asia __knowledge__ Nomadic horse peoples of the steppe dominated the area for millennia.", "History of Central Asia __knowledge__ Relations between the steppe nomads and the settled people in and around Central Asia were marked by conflict.", "History of Central Asia __knowledge__ The nomadic lifestyle was well suited to warfare, and the steppe horse riders became some of the most militarily potent people in the world, due to the devastating techniques and ability of their horse archers.", "History of Xinjiang __knowledge__ The recorded history of the area now known as Xinjiang dates to the 2nd millennium BC.", "History of Xinjiang __knowledge__ There have been many empires, primarily Han Chinese, Turkic, and Mongol, that have ruled over the region, including the Yuezhi, Xiongnu, Han dynasty, Gaochang, Kingdom of Khotan, Sixteen Kingdoms of the Jin dynasty (Former Liang, Former Qin, Later Liang, and Western Liang), Turkic Khaganate, Tang dynasty, Tibetan Empire, Uyghur Khaganate, Kara-Khanid Khanate, Kingdom of Qocho, Qara Khitai, Mongol Empire, Yuan dynasty, Chagatai Khanate, Yarkent Khanate, Dzungar Khanate, and Qing dynasty.", "History of Xinjiang __knowledge__ Xinjiang was previously known as \"Xiyu\" (西域), under the Han dynasty, which drove the Xiongnu empire out of the region in 60 BCE in an effort to secure the profitable Silk Road, but was renamed Xinjiang (新疆, meaning \"new frontier\") when the region was reconquered by the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in 1759.", "Post-classical history __knowledge__ Post-classical history (also called the Post-Antiquity era, Post-Ancient Era, or Pre-Modern Era) is the period of time that immediately followed ancient history and preceded modern history.", "Post-classical history __knowledge__ Depending on the continent, the era generally falls between the years 200–600 and 1200–1500.", "Post-classical history __knowledge__ The major classical civilizations the era follows are Han China (ending in 220), the Western Roman Empire (in 476), the Gupta Empire (in the 550s), and the Sasanian Empire (in 651).", "Post-classical history __knowledge__ The post-classical era itself was followed by the early modern era, and forms the middle period in a three-period division of world history: ancient, post-classical, and modern.", "Interracial marriage __knowledge__ Interracial marriage is a form of exogamy that involves a marriage between spouses who belong to different socially-defined races or racialized ethnicities.", "Interracial marriage __knowledge__ In the past, it was outlawed in the United States of America and in South Africa.", "Interracial marriage __knowledge__ It was formally declared legal in the United States in 1967 when the Supreme Court of the United States ruled in the case \"Loving v. Virginia\" that race-based restrictions on the set of individuals whom an individual is eligible to marry violate the Equal Protection Clause of the United States Constitution.", "Interracial marriage __knowledge__ In English, an \"interracial marriage\" refers to the institution of marriage, including childless marriages.", "History of Uzbekistan __knowledge__ In the first millennium BC, Iranian nomads established irrigation systems along the rivers of Central Asia and built towns at Bukhara and Samarqand.", "History of Uzbekistan __knowledge__ These places became extremely wealthy points of transit on what became known as the Silk Road between China and Europe.", "History of Uzbekistan __knowledge__ In the seventh century AD, the Soghdian Iranians, who profited most visibly from this trade, saw their province of Transoxiana (Mawarannahr) overwhelmed by Arabs, who spread Islam throughout the region.", "History of Uzbekistan __knowledge__ Under the Arab Abbasid Caliphate, the eighth and ninth centuries were a golden age of learning and culture in Transoxiana.", "History of Uzbekistan __knowledge__ As Turks began entering the region from the north, they established new states, many of which were Persianate in nature.", "Silk Road __knowledge__ The Silk Road or Silk Route was an ancient network of trade routes that were for centuries central to cultural interaction originally through regions of Eurasia connecting the East and West and stretching from the Korean peninsula and Japan to the Mediterranean Sea.", "Silk Road __knowledge__ The Silk Road concept refers to both the terrestrial and the maritime routes connecting Asia with Africa, the Middle East and southern Europe.", "Silk Road __knowledge__ The overland Steppe route stretching through the Eurasian steppe is considered the ancestor to the Silk Road(s).", "Silk Road __knowledge__ The term refers to many similar routes taken by traders primarily between Arabia, India and China but also to Tanzania (Zanzibar) in the south, Asia Minor and Southern Europe." ] ]

[ 2, 35, 42, 45, 55 ]

[ "being seized by a criminal abductor is so terrifying! I always keep a gun in my nightstand just in case", "i go to the range with my husband so he taught me how to use it. have you ever heard about bride kidnapping? it's also known as marriage by abduction", "it's a practice in which a man abducts the woman he wishes to marry", "yes, not in the US but it continues to occur in Central Asia, part of Africa and some other places", "yes, i agree, it is horrible. i'm so glad i wasn't forced into marriage. i'm in a beautiful interracial marriage" ]

[ "Hostage", "Hostage", "Hostage", "Hostage", "Hostage" ]

[ "Cruise ship\nI wish my wife would go on a cruise ship with me!", "I see, have you ever been on one?", "I had no idea. Sadly, I get sea sick very often!", "I hear they require large powerful engines as well?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ A cruise ship or cruise liner is a passenger ship used for pleasure voyages, where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are a part of the experience, as well as the different destinations along the way, i.e., ports of call.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ Transportation is not the only purpose of cruising, particularly on cruises that return passengers to their originating port (also known as a \"closed-loop cruise\"), with the ports of call usually in a specified region of a continent.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ There are even \"cruises to nowhere\" or \"nowhere voyages\" where the ship makes 2–3 night round trips without any ports of call.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ By contrast, dedicated transport oriented ocean liners do \"line voyages\" and typically transport passengers from one point to another, rather than on round trips.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ Traditionally, a liner for the transoceanic trade will be built to a higher standard than a typical cruise ship, including higher freeboard and stronger plating to withstand rough seas and adverse conditions encountered in the open ocean, such as the North Atlantic.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ Ocean liners also usually have larger capacities for fuel, food, and other stores for consumption on long voyages, compared to dedicated cruise ships, but they no longer exist with the exception of some preserved liners and \"Queen Mary 2\" when on scheduled North Atlantic voyages.", "Cruise ship pollution in the United States __knowledge__ The cruise ship industry is a significant and growing contributor to the United States economy, providing more than $32 billion in benefits annually and generating more than 330,000 U.S. jobs, but also making the environmental impacts of its activities an issue to many.", "Cruise ship pollution in the United States __knowledge__ Although cruise ships represent a small fraction of the entire shipping industry worldwide, public attention to their environmental impacts comes in part from the fact that cruise ships are highly visible and in part because of the industry’s desire to promote a positive image.", "Cruise ship pollution in the United States __knowledge__ Cruise ships carrying several thousand passengers and crew have been compared to “floating cities,” and the volume of wastes that they produce is comparably large, consisting of sewage; wastewater from sinks, showers, and galleys (graywater); hazardous wastes; solid waste; oily bilge water; ballast water; and air pollution.", "SS France (1961) __knowledge__ The SS \"France\" was a Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (CGT, or French Line) ocean liner, constructed by the Chantiers de l'Atlantique shipyard at Saint-Nazaire, France, and put into service in February 1962.", "SS France (1961) __knowledge__ At the time of her construction in 1960, the vessel was the longest passenger ship ever built, a record that remained unchallenged until the construction of the in 2004.", "SS France (1961) __knowledge__ \"France\" was later purchased by Norwegian Cruise Line (NCL) in 1979, renamed SS \"Norway\" and underwent significant modifications that better suited her for cruising duties.", "SS France (1961) __knowledge__ She was sold to be scrapped in 2006, and scrapping was completed in late 2008.", "MS Golden Princess __knowledge__ MS \"Golden Princess was a casino cruise ship owned by Eurasia International, operated on short casino cruises out of Hong Kong.", "MS Golden Princess __knowledge__ She was built in 1967 by the Wärtsilä Hietalahti shipyard in Helsinki, Finland as Finlandia for the Finland Steamship Company.", "MS Golden Princess __knowledge__ In 1975 she was sold to Finnlines, who converted her into the cruise ship Finnstar in 1978.", "MS Golden Princess __knowledge__ In 1982 she entered service for Pearl Cruises as Pearl of Scandinavia.", "MS Golden Princess __knowledge__ In 1988 she was renamed Ocean Pearl.", "MS Golden Princess __knowledge__ In 1994 she entered service with Croisières Paquet as Pearl.", "MS Golden Princess __knowledge__ Between 1995 and 1998 she sailed for Costa Cruises as Costa Playa.", "MS Golden Princess __knowledge__ In 1998-1999 she sailed as Oriental Pearl for Mega Wave International, and in 1999-2000 as Joy Wave for Costa Cruises.", "Speed 2: Cruise Control __knowledge__ Speed 2: Cruise Control is a 1997 American action thriller film produced and directed by Jan de Bont, and written by Randall McCormick and Jeff Nathanson.", "Speed 2: Cruise Control __knowledge__ It is a sequel to \"Speed\" (1994), based on a story developed by De Bont and McCormick.", "Speed 2: Cruise Control __knowledge__ The film stars Jason Patric, Willem Dafoe, and Sandra Bullock—the last reprising her role from \"Speed\".", "Speed 2: Cruise Control __knowledge__ The film was released by 20th Century Fox on June 13, 1997.", "Speed 2: Cruise Control __knowledge__ \"Cruise Control\" follows couple Annie (Bullock) and Alex (Patric) vacationing in the Caribbean aboard a luxury cruise ship, hijacked by a villain named Geiger (Dafoe).", "Speed 2: Cruise Control __knowledge__ As they are trapped aboard the ship, Annie and Alex work with the ship's first officer to try to stop it after they discover it is programmed to crash into an oil tanker.", "RMS Andes (1939) __knowledge__ RMS \"Andes\" was a steam turbine Royal Mail Ship, ocean liner, cruise ship, and the flagship of the Royal Mail Lines fleet.", "RMS Andes (1939) __knowledge__ She was the second Royal Mail ship to be named after the South American Andes mountain range.", "RMS Andes (1939) __knowledge__ The first RMS \"Andes\" was an A-class liner .", "RMS Andes (1939) __knowledge__ In 1929 that RMS \"Andes\" was converted into a cruise ship and renamed \"Atlantis\".", "RMS Andes (1939) __knowledge__ The second \"Andes\" was built in Belfast in 1937–39 and completed at the outbreak of the Second World War.", "RMS Andes (1939) __knowledge__ The Admiralty almost immediately requisitioned her as a troop ship and had her converted to carry about 4,000 troops.", "RMS Andes (1939) __knowledge__ In troop service she broke three speed records for long-distance voyages.", "Royal Caribbean International __knowledge__ Royal Caribbean International is a cruise line brand founded in Norway and based in Miami, Florida, United States.", "Royal Caribbean International __knowledge__ It is owned by Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. , the line is operating 24 ships, has six additional ships on order, and controls 21.9 percent of the cruise market worldwide.", "Royal Caribbean International __knowledge__ All ships under the Royal Caribbean International brand have names ending with \"of the Seas\" (e.g. )", "Royal Caribbean International __knowledge__ a practice which began in 1991.", "Royal Caribbean International __knowledge__ Royal Caribbean International was founded as Royal Caribbean Cruise Line in 1968 by three Norwegian shipping companies: Anders Wilhelmsen & Company, I.M.", "Royal Caribbean International __knowledge__ Skaugen & Company, and Gotaas Larsen." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ A cruise ship or cruise liner is a passenger ship used for pleasure voyages, where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are a part of the experience, as well as the different destinations along the way, i.e., ports of call.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ Transportation is not the only purpose of cruising, particularly on cruises that return passengers to their originating port (also known as a \"closed-loop cruise\"), with the ports of call usually in a specified region of a continent.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ There are even \"cruises to nowhere\" or \"nowhere voyages\" where the ship makes 2–3 night round trips without any ports of call.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ By contrast, dedicated transport oriented ocean liners do \"line voyages\" and typically transport passengers from one point to another, rather than on round trips.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ Traditionally, a liner for the transoceanic trade will be built to a higher standard than a typical cruise ship, including higher freeboard and stronger plating to withstand rough seas and adverse conditions encountered in the open ocean, such as the North Atlantic.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ Ocean liners also usually have larger capacities for fuel, food, and other stores for consumption on long voyages, compared to dedicated cruise ships, but they no longer exist with the exception of some preserved liners and \"Queen Mary 2\" when on scheduled North Atlantic voyages.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "David Campese __knowledge__ David Ian Campese, AM (born 21 October 1962), also known as Campo, is a former Australian rugby union player.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese was capped by the Wallabies 101 times, and held the world record for the most tries in test matches (64) until Daisuke Ohata scored his 65th try playing for Japan on 14 May 2006.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese made his debut for the Wallabies on the 1982 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand, during which he scored a try in his first two Tests.", "David Campese __knowledge__ In 1983, he equaled the then record for most tries in a Test match for Australia against the USA, scoring four tries.", "David Campese __knowledge__ He was a member of the Eighth Wallabies for the 1984 Australia rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland that won rugby union's \"grand slam\", the first Australian side to defeat all four home nations, England, Ireland, Wales and Scotland, on a tour.", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ Va'etchanan ( — Hebrew for \"and I pleaded,\" the first word in the parashah) is the 45th weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the second in the Book of Deuteronomy.", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ It constitutes .", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ The parashah tells how Moses asked to see the Land of Israel, made arguments to obey the law, recounted setting up the Cities of Refuge, recited the Ten Commandments and the \"Shema\", and gave instructions for the Israelites' conquest of the Land.", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ The parashah is made up of 7,343 Hebrew letters, 1,878 Hebrew words, 122 verses, and can occupy about 249 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ Specimens of Middle Cornish texts are given here in Cornish and English.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ Both texts have been dated within the period 1370-1410 and the \"Charter Fragment\" is given in two Cornish orthographies.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ (Earlier examples of written Cornish exist but these are the first in continuous prose or verse.)", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ It was not until the reign of Athelstan that the Cornish kings became subject to the rulers of Wessex: even so the border was established irrevocably on the east bank on the Tamar and in ecclesiastical matters Cornwall was added to the territory of the Bishops of Sherborne.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ Under Canute it ceased to be subject to the King of England and only later, at an unknown date in Edward the Confessor's reign was annexed again.", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam __knowledge__ William Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam PC (30 May 1748 – 8 February 1833), styled Viscount Milton until 1756, was a British Whig statesman of the late 18th and early 19th centuries.", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam __knowledge__ In 1782 he inherited the estates of his uncle Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham, making him one of the richest people in Britain.", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam __knowledge__ He played a leading part in Whig politics until the 1820s.", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam __knowledge__ Fitzwilliam was the son of William Fitzwilliam, 3rd Earl Fitzwilliam, by his wife Lady Anne, daughter of Thomas Watson-Wentworth, 1st Marquess of Rockingham.", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam __knowledge__ Prime Minister Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham was his maternal uncle.", "Charles George Gordon __knowledge__ Major-General Charles George Gordon CB (28 January 1833 – 26 January 1885), also known as Chinese Gordon, Gordon Pasha, and Gordon of Khartoum, was a British Army officer and administrator.", "Charles George Gordon __knowledge__ He saw action in the Crimean War as an officer in the British Army.", "Charles George Gordon __knowledge__ However, he made his military reputation in China, where he was placed in command of the \"Ever Victorious Army,\" a force of Chinese soldiers led by European officers.", "Charles George Gordon __knowledge__ In the early 1860s, Gordon and his men were instrumental in putting down the Taiping Rebellion, regularly defeating much larger forces.", "Charles George Gordon __knowledge__ For these accomplishments, he was given the nickname \"Chinese Gordon\" and honours from both the Emperor of China and the British.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ The History of Oregon State Beavers football covers more than 120 seasons since the team began play in 1893.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ In 1893, Oregon State College was known as State Agricultural College (SAC).", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ William H. Bloss, son of SAC's school president, was the school's first coach, and the quarterback of the 1893 team.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ Bloss moved to Corvallis, Oregon in June 1892.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ He previously played football in the Midwest, and was considered very knowledgeable of football.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ Bloss scheduled tryouts in the fall of 1893 trying to assemble a football team.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ By mid-October, he had found 17 players that would make up the first football team in Oregon State's history.", "Cruise ship pollution in the United States __knowledge__ The cruise ship industry is a significant and growing contributor to the United States economy, providing more than $32 billion in benefits annually and generating more than 330,000 U.S. jobs, but also making the environmental impacts of its activities an issue to many.", "Cruise ship pollution in the United States __knowledge__ Although cruise ships represent a small fraction of the entire shipping industry worldwide, public attention to their environmental impacts comes in part from the fact that cruise ships are highly visible and in part because of the industry’s desire to promote a positive image.", "Cruise ship pollution in the United States __knowledge__ Cruise ships carrying several thousand passengers and crew have been compared to “floating cities,” and the volume of wastes that they produce is comparably large, consisting of sewage; wastewater from sinks, showers, and galleys (graywater); hazardous wastes; solid waste; oily bilge water; ballast water; and air pollution.", "Queen Elizabeth 2 __knowledge__ The Queen Elizabeth 2, often referred to simply as QE2, is a retired ocean liner built for the Cunard Line which was operated by Cunard as both a transatlantic liner and a cruise ship from 1969 to 2008.", "Queen Elizabeth 2 __knowledge__ She was designed for the transatlantic service from her home port of Southampton, UK, to New York, and was named after the earlier Cunard liner .", "Queen Elizabeth 2 __knowledge__ She served as the flagship of the line from 1969 until succeeded by in 2004.", "Queen Elizabeth 2 __knowledge__ Designed in Cunard's then headquarters and regional offices in Liverpool and Southampton respectively, and built in Clydebank, Scotland, \"QE2\" was considered the last of the great transatlantic ocean liners until \"Queen Mary 2\" entered service.", "MS Golden Princess __knowledge__ MS \"Golden Princess was a casino cruise ship owned by Eurasia International, operated on short casino cruises out of Hong Kong.", "MS Golden Princess __knowledge__ She was built in 1967 by the Wärtsilä Hietalahti shipyard in Helsinki, Finland as Finlandia for the Finland Steamship Company.", "MS Golden Princess __knowledge__ In 1975 she was sold to Finnlines, who converted her into the cruise ship Finnstar in 1978.", "MS Golden Princess __knowledge__ In 1982 she entered service for Pearl Cruises as Pearl of Scandinavia.", "MS Golden Princess __knowledge__ In 1988 she was renamed Ocean Pearl.", "MS Golden Princess __knowledge__ In 1994 she entered service with Croisières Paquet as Pearl.", "MS Golden Princess __knowledge__ Between 1995 and 1998 she sailed for Costa Cruises as Costa Playa.", "MS Golden Princess __knowledge__ In 1998-1999 she sailed as Oriental Pearl for Mega Wave International, and in 1999-2000 as Joy Wave for Costa Cruises.", "Speed 2: Cruise Control __knowledge__ Speed 2: Cruise Control is a 1997 American action thriller film produced and directed by Jan de Bont, and written by Randall McCormick and Jeff Nathanson.", "Speed 2: Cruise Control __knowledge__ It is a sequel to \"Speed\" (1994), based on a story developed by De Bont and McCormick.", "Speed 2: Cruise Control __knowledge__ The film stars Jason Patric, Willem Dafoe, and Sandra Bullock—the last reprising her role from \"Speed\".", "Speed 2: Cruise Control __knowledge__ The film was released by 20th Century Fox on June 13, 1997.", "Speed 2: Cruise Control __knowledge__ \"Cruise Control\" follows couple Annie (Bullock) and Alex (Patric) vacationing in the Caribbean aboard a luxury cruise ship, hijacked by a villain named Geiger (Dafoe).", "Speed 2: Cruise Control __knowledge__ As they are trapped aboard the ship, Annie and Alex work with the ship's first officer to try to stop it after they discover it is programmed to crash into an oil tanker.", "SS France (1961) __knowledge__ The SS \"France\" was a Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (CGT, or French Line) ocean liner, constructed by the Chantiers de l'Atlantique shipyard at Saint-Nazaire, France, and put into service in February 1962.", "SS France (1961) __knowledge__ At the time of her construction in 1960, the vessel was the longest passenger ship ever built, a record that remained unchallenged until the construction of the in 2004.", "SS France (1961) __knowledge__ \"France\" was later purchased by Norwegian Cruise Line (NCL) in 1979, renamed SS \"Norway\" and underwent significant modifications that better suited her for cruising duties.", "SS France (1961) __knowledge__ She was sold to be scrapped in 2006, and scrapping was completed in late 2008.", "Costa Concordia disaster __knowledge__ The Italian cruise ship Costa Concordia capsized and sank after striking an underwater rock off Isola del Giglio, Tuscany, on 13 January 2012, resulting in 32 deaths.", "Costa Concordia disaster __knowledge__ There may have been additional people not listed as on board, so the death toll could possibly be higher.", "Costa Concordia disaster __knowledge__ The search for bodies was canceled at the end of January and resumed after the parbuckling manoeuvre in September 2013, after which additional remains were found.", "Costa Concordia disaster __knowledge__ On 26 September 2013, remains were found on deck 4, and were reported as being the two passengers reported as missing.", "Costa Concordia disaster __knowledge__ The following day, the remains were found not to be from the missing passengers." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ A cruise ship or cruise liner is a passenger ship used for pleasure voyages, where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are a part of the experience, as well as the different destinations along the way, i.e., ports of call.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ Transportation is not the only purpose of cruising, particularly on cruises that return passengers to their originating port (also known as a \"closed-loop cruise\"), with the ports of call usually in a specified region of a continent.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ There are even \"cruises to nowhere\" or \"nowhere voyages\" where the ship makes 2–3 night round trips without any ports of call.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ By contrast, dedicated transport oriented ocean liners do \"line voyages\" and typically transport passengers from one point to another, rather than on round trips.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ Traditionally, a liner for the transoceanic trade will be built to a higher standard than a typical cruise ship, including higher freeboard and stronger plating to withstand rough seas and adverse conditions encountered in the open ocean, such as the North Atlantic.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ Ocean liners also usually have larger capacities for fuel, food, and other stores for consumption on long voyages, compared to dedicated cruise ships, but they no longer exist with the exception of some preserved liners and \"Queen Mary 2\" when on scheduled North Atlantic voyages.", "SS Sea Marlin __knowledge__ SS \"Sea Marlin\" was a Type C3-class ship Victory ship -based transport operated for the War Shipping Administration by Grace Lines during World War II.", "SS Sea Marlin __knowledge__ She was launched as C3-S-A2 hull number 401 at Ingalls Shipbuilding in Pascagoula Mississippi on Victory Fleet Day; September 27, 1943.", "SS Sea Marlin __knowledge__ Her sponsor was Mrs. D.G.", "SS Sea Marlin __knowledge__ Peattie, wife of Ingalls' Machinery Superintendent.", "SS Sea Marlin __knowledge__ Conversion to a 2,111 berth transport was completed in New Orleans on January 31, 1944.", "SS Sea Marlin __knowledge__ \"Sea Marlin\" was allocated to United States Army requirements, but contract operated.", "SS Sea Marlin __knowledge__ She sailed from her home port of New Orleans on February 9, 1944 bound for Australia and New Guinea via the Panama Canal, under the command of Merchant Marine Captain George Ekstrom.", "Seakeeping __knowledge__ Seakeeping ability or seaworthiness is a measure of how well-suited a watercraft is to conditions when underway.", "Seakeeping __knowledge__ A ship or boat which has good seakeeping ability is said to be very seaworthy and is able to operate effectively even in high sea states.", "Seakeeping __knowledge__ In 1976, St. Denis suggested four principal terms needed to describe a seakeeping performance.", "Seakeeping __knowledge__ These are: Clearly, a drillship and a ferry have different missions and operate in different environments.", "Seakeeping __knowledge__ The performance criteria will be different as well.", "Seakeeping __knowledge__ Both may be considered seaworthy, although for different reasons based on different criteria.", "Seakeeping __knowledge__ In ship design it is important to pre-determine the behavior of the ship or floating structure when it is subjected to waves.", "Booze Cruise (The Office) __knowledge__ \"Booze Cruise\" is the eleventh episode of the second season of the American comedy television series \"The Office\", and the show's seventeenth episode overall.", "Booze Cruise (The Office) __knowledge__ Written by Greg Daniels and directed by Ken Kwapis, the episode first aired in the United States on January 5, 2006 on NBC.", "Booze Cruise (The Office) __knowledge__ The episode featured Rob Riggle and Amy Adams as guest stars.", "Booze Cruise (The Office) __knowledge__ The series depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton, Pennsylvania branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company.", "Booze Cruise (The Office) __knowledge__ In the episode, Michael Scott (Steve Carell) brings the office on a booze cruise and plans on doing some \"motivational\" speaking.", "Bayardo (horse) __knowledge__ Bayardo was a British bred Thoroughbred racehorse with an impressive record, both on the racecourse and at stud, where he was a leading sire.", "Bayardo (horse) __knowledge__ He was sired by Bay Ronald who won the Hardwicke Stakes and the City and Suburban Handicap.", "Bayardo (horse) __knowledge__ Bay Ronald sired Rondeau, who won nine stakes races, and was the dam of the influential stallion Teddy.", "Bayardo (horse) __knowledge__ He also sired Macdonald II, winner of the Prix Royal-Oak in France, and Dark Ronald, sire of Son-in-Law and Vaucluse, winner of the 1,000 Guineas.", "Bayardo (horse) __knowledge__ Bayardo's dam, Galicia, came from a good family which included having Blink Bonnie, as her fifth dam.", "Bayardo (horse) __knowledge__ Galicia was by Galopin—a Derby winner and sire St. Simon—and out of the Isonomy mare, Isoletta.", "Kennet River (Victoria) __knowledge__ The Kennet River, now commonly spelt Kennett River, is a perennial river of the Corangamite catchment, located in The Otways region of the Australian state of Victoria.", "Kennet River (Victoria) __knowledge__ Formed by the confluence of the West and East branches of the river, the Kennet River rises in the Otway Ranges in southwest Victoria, below Muddy Saddle and flows generally east by south through the Port Campbell National Park before reaching its river mouth and emptying into Addis Bay within Bass Strait, northeast of Cape Otway at the locality of .", "Kennet River (Victoria) __knowledge__ From its highest point, the river descends over its course.", "Kennet River (Victoria) __knowledge__ The river was named by surveyor George Smythe after the River Kennet in Berkshire, England.", "Remco Torenbosch __knowledge__ Remco Torenbosch (born 1982, Netherlands) is a visual artist.", "Remco Torenbosch __knowledge__ Remco Torenbosch took part in exhibitions and public events at: Kunsthalle Wien, Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, Kunsthaus Zurich, Centre d'art contemporain du parc Saint-Léger, L'Usine Genève, De Vleeshal Middelburg, GAMeC Bergamo, de Appel Amsterdam and Victoria and Albert Museum.", "Remco Torenbosch __knowledge__ Torenbosch was short-listed for the Prix de Rome 2013", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ Jiya Jale was a popular Hindi TV serial that aired on 9X channel from 19 November 2007 to 19 June 2008, Monday to Thursday at 8:30 pm IND / 9.00pm UK, based on the concept of love story of Sunaina and Chandan.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show was replaced by Dahhej, another popular show on 9X.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show aired again on 9X in 2009 due to its popularity.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show also aired on Zee Anmol and Zee Lamhee in 2015.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story is based on the life of an ordinary girl Sunaina, who was brought up in a close and caring family.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story takes off when Sunaina has just fallen in the love with the idea of love, when she meets Chandan.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second referendum to ask voters in the Canadian French-speaking province of Quebec whether Quebec should proclaim national sovereignty and become an independent country, with the condition precedent of offering a political and economic agreement to Canada.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The culmination of multiple years of debate and planning after the failure of the Meech Lake and Charlottetown constitutional accords, the referendum was launched solely by the provincial Parti Québécois government of Jacques Parizeau.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ Despite initial predictions of a heavy sovereignist defeat, an eventful and complex campaign followed, with the \"Yes\" side flourishing after being taken over by charismatic Bloc Québécois leader Lucien Bouchard.", "Metallic dragon __knowledge__ Metallic dragon is a classification of dragon found in the role playing game \"Dungeons & Dragons\".", "Metallic dragon __knowledge__ In this setting metallic dragons are of good alignment.", "Metallic dragon __knowledge__ Bahamut is the deity of good-aligned dragons and metallic dragons, and currently the only known Platinum dragon in existence.", "Metallic dragon __knowledge__ Metallic dragons have played a large role in D&D's various monster compilation books, and for most of the game's history five main types - brass, copper, bronze, silver, and gold - were presented as roughly analogous to the five types of chromatic dragons.", "Metallic dragon __knowledge__ The fourth edition of the game's second \"Monster Manual\" substituted iron and adamantine dragons for brass and bronze, and released the latter dragons in a later book alongside cobalt, mercury, mithral, orium, and steel dragons.", "University of Massachusetts Boston __knowledge__ The University of Massachusetts Boston, also known as UMass Boston, is an urban public research university and the third-largest campus in the five-campus University of Massachusetts system.", "University of Massachusetts Boston __knowledge__ The university is on on the Columbia Point peninsula in the city of Boston, Massachusetts, United States.", "University of Massachusetts Boston __knowledge__ UMass Boston is the only public university in Boston.", "University of Massachusetts Boston __knowledge__ Students are primarily from Massachusetts but some are from other parts of the U.S. or different countries.", "University of Massachusetts Boston __knowledge__ The University of Massachusetts system dates back to the founding of Massachusetts Agricultural College under the Morrill Land-Grant Acts in 1863." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ A cruise ship or cruise liner is a passenger ship used for pleasure voyages, where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are a part of the experience, as well as the different destinations along the way, i.e., ports of call.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ Transportation is not the only purpose of cruising, particularly on cruises that return passengers to their originating port (also known as a \"closed-loop cruise\"), with the ports of call usually in a specified region of a continent.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ There are even \"cruises to nowhere\" or \"nowhere voyages\" where the ship makes 2–3 night round trips without any ports of call.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ By contrast, dedicated transport oriented ocean liners do \"line voyages\" and typically transport passengers from one point to another, rather than on round trips.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ Traditionally, a liner for the transoceanic trade will be built to a higher standard than a typical cruise ship, including higher freeboard and stronger plating to withstand rough seas and adverse conditions encountered in the open ocean, such as the North Atlantic.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ Ocean liners also usually have larger capacities for fuel, food, and other stores for consumption on long voyages, compared to dedicated cruise ships, but they no longer exist with the exception of some preserved liners and \"Queen Mary 2\" when on scheduled North Atlantic voyages.", "Tunnel crankcase __knowledge__ A tunnel crankcase, tunnel crankshaft or disc-webbed crankshaft engine is a diesel engine where the crankshaft is designed so that the main bearings (the bearings that support the crankshaft within the crankcase) are enlarged in diameter, such that they are now larger than the crank webs (the radial arms that link the big end bearings to the main bearings).", "Tunnel crankcase __knowledge__ They thus form the largest diameter of any part of the crankshaft.", "Tunnel crankcase __knowledge__ Rather than a conventional crankcase that has webs across it to support the narrow bearings of a conventional crankcase, the crankcase now has a large tunnel through it, hence the name.", "Diesel engine __knowledge__ The diesel engine (also known as a compression-ignition or CI engine), named after Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel which is injected into the combustion chamber is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to mechanical compression (adiabatic compression).", "Diesel engine __knowledge__ Diesel engines work by compressing only the air.", "Diesel engine __knowledge__ This increases the air temperature inside the cylinder to such a high degree that atomised diesel fuel that is injected into the combustion chamber ignites spontaneously.", "Diesel engine __knowledge__ This contrasts with spark-ignition engines such as a petrol engine (gasoline engine) or gas engine (using a gaseous fuel as opposed to petrol), which use a spark plug to ignite an air-fuel mixture.", "Boeing 747 __knowledge__ The Boeing 747 is an American wide-body commercial jet airliner and cargo aircraft, often referred to by its original nickname, \"\"Jumbo Jet\"\".", "Boeing 747 __knowledge__ Its distinctive \"hump\" upper deck along the forward part of the aircraft makes it among the world's most recognizable aircraft, and it was the first wide-body produced.", "Boeing 747 __knowledge__ Manufactured by Boeing's Commercial Airplane unit in the United States, the original version of the 747 was envisioned to have 150 percent greater capacity than the Boeing 707, one of the common large commercial aircraft of the 1960s.", "Boeing 747 __knowledge__ First flown commercially in 1970, the 747 held the passenger capacity record for 37 years.", "V8 engine __knowledge__ A V8 engine is an eight-cylinder V configuration engine with the cylinders mounted on the crankcase in two sets (or banks) of four, with all eight pistons driving a common crankshaft.", "V8 engine __knowledge__ Most banks are set at a right angle (90°) to each other, some at a narrower angle, with 45°, 60°, and 72° most common.", "V8 engine __knowledge__ In its simplest form, the V8 is basically two parallel inline-four engines sharing a common crankshaft.", "V8 engine __knowledge__ However, this simple configuration, with a flat- or single-plane crankshaft, has the same secondary dynamic imbalance problems as two straight-4s, resulting in vibrations in large engine displacements.", "Ford Torino __knowledge__ The Ford Torino is an automobile which was produced by Ford for the North American market between 1968 and 1976.", "Ford Torino __knowledge__ It was a competitor in the intermediate market segment.", "Ford Torino __knowledge__ The car was named after the city of Turin (\"Torino\", in Italian), considered \"\"the Italian Detroit\"\".", "Ford Torino __knowledge__ The Torino was initially an upscale variation of the intermediate sized Ford Fairlane, which Ford produced between 1962 and 1970.", "Ford Torino __knowledge__ After 1968, the \"Fairlane\" name was retained for the base models with lower levels of trim than those models which wore the \"Torino\" name.", "Ford Torino __knowledge__ During this time, the Torino was considered a subseries to the Fairlane.", "Steam engine __knowledge__ A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid.", "Steam engine __knowledge__ Steam engines are external combustion engines, where the working fluid is separated from the combustion products.", "Steam engine __knowledge__ Non-combustion heat sources such as solar power, nuclear power or geothermal energy may be used.", "Steam engine __knowledge__ The ideal thermodynamic cycle used to analyze this process is called the Rankine cycle.", "Steam engine __knowledge__ In the cycle, water is heated and changes into steam in a boiler operating at a high pressure.", "Steam engine __knowledge__ When expanded using pistons or turbines mechanical work is done.", "Steam engine __knowledge__ The reduced-pressure steam is then exhausted to the atmosphere, or condensed and pumped back into the boiler.", "Mamod __knowledge__ Mamod is a British toy manufacturer specialising in manufacturing live steam models.", "Mamod __knowledge__ The company was founded in 1937 in Birmingham in the UK by Geoffrey Malins.", "Mamod __knowledge__ The name is a portmanteau of 'Ma' lins 'Mod' els'.", "Mamod __knowledge__ Malins started off making steam engines which were sold under the Hobbies brand name but he soon started selling them under the Mamod brand name.", "Mamod __knowledge__ The first models produced were of stationary steam engines.", "Mamod __knowledge__ Much later the company also began creating models of road rollers, traction engines, steam wagons and other steam road vehicles.", "Mamod __knowledge__ These models were aimed at the toy market, so were simple to operate and ran at low boiler pressures for safety but were not accurate scale models.", "Arger Fen __knowledge__ Arger Fen is a 49.7 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) south-east of Sudbury in Suffolk, England.", "Arger Fen __knowledge__ The site occupies two separate areas.", "Arger Fen __knowledge__ The Arger Fen Local Nature Reserve is part of the larger eastern block, and contains part of the Tiger Hill Local Nature Reserve, along with part of the Arger Fen and Spouse's Vale, a nature reserve managed by the Suffolk Wildlife Trust.", "Arger Fen __knowledge__ The site lies in the Dedham Vale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, The site is made up of a mix of woodland and meadow habitats with much of the woodland believed to be ancient in origin.", "Arger Fen __knowledge__ The underlying geology is a mixture of sand and gravel banks and clay soils, producing a mix of habitat types, including wet fen type habitats at lower levels and dry grasslands on acidic soils on hill tops.", "Fat (EP) __knowledge__ The Fat EP is an EP by the American punk rock band the Descendents, released in 1981 through New Alliance Records.", "Fat (EP) __knowledge__ It was the band's first recording with singer Milo Aukerman and established their presence in the southern California hardcore punk movement, with short, aggressive songs that represented a shift in style from their previous new wave and surf sound.", "Fat (EP) __knowledge__ The EP was re-released in later years as part of several compilation albums.", "Fat (EP) __knowledge__ The Descendents' initial recording lineup of guitarist Frank Navetta, bassist Tony Lombardo, and drummer Bill Stevenson released the band's 1979 debut single \"Ride the Wild\" / \"It's a Hectic World\", with a sound that blended Devo-like new wave and Dick Dale-style surf music.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership __knowledge__ The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) is a proposed trade agreement between the European Union and the United States, with the aim of promoting trade and multilateral economic growth.", "Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership __knowledge__ TTIP is considered by the US a companion agreement to the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP).", "Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership __knowledge__ The negotiations were halted indefinitely following the 2016 United States presidential election, but by mid-2017, representatives of both the US and the EU expressed willingness to resume the negotiations.", "Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership __knowledge__ According to Karel de Gucht, European Commissioner for Trade between 2010 and 2014, the TTIP is the largest bilateral trade initiative ever negotiated, not only because it involves the two largest economies in the world but also \"because of its potential global reach in setting an example for future partners and agreements\".", "Digital divide by country __knowledge__ The digital divide is an economic and social inequality with regard to access to, use of, or impact of information and communication technologies (ICT).", "Digital divide by country __knowledge__ Factors causing the divide can vary depending on the country and culture, as can the potential solutions for minimizing or closing the divide.", "Digital divide by country __knowledge__ The following is a list of countries that have a digital divide along with contributing factors and steps the country is taking to resolve the issue.", "Digital divide by country __knowledge__ The digital divide in Argentina is the term used to describe the technological and connectivity gap between different demographics and regions, specifically the gaps present in the country of Argentina." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 6, 2 ]

[ "A cruise ship is an amazing large sized passenger boat for making great memories", "yes, there are even curises to nowhere just take you out to sea for 3 days", "thats no fun! cruises are usually arger and can hold more room for things like food and entertainment", "yes! but transporting is not the only reason for a cruise ship, they are for fun" ]

[ "Cruise ship", "Cruise ship", "Cruise ship", "Cruise ship" ]

[ "Strawberry", "Sure, I love strawberries! I really like them in strawberry shortcake!", "Yeah, they really do smell wonderful. How long does it take for strawberries to grow?", "That's pretty quick. Maybe I should try to grow my own. I wonder how hard it is." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The garden strawberry (or simply strawberry; Fragaria × ananassa) is a widely grown hybrid species of the genus \"Fragaria\", collectively known as the strawberries.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ It is cultivated worldwide for its fruit.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The fruit is widely appreciated for its characteristic aroma, bright red color, juicy texture, and sweetness.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ It is consumed in large quantities, either fresh or in such prepared foods as preserves, juice, pies, ice creams, milkshakes, and chocolates.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ Artificial strawberry flavorings and aromas are also widely used in many products like lip gloss, candy, hand sanitizers, perfume, and many others.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The garden strawberry was first bred in Brittany, France, in the 1750s via a cross of \"Fragaria virginiana\" from eastern North America and \"Fragaria chiloensis\", which was brought from Chile by Amédée-François Frézier in 1714.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ Cultivars of \"Fragaria\" × \"ananassa\" have replaced, in commercial production, the woodland strawberry (\"Fragaria vesca\"), which was the first strawberry species cultivated in the early 17th century.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The strawberry is not, from a botanical point of view, a berry.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ Technically, it is an aggregate accessory fruit, meaning that the fleshy part is derived not from the plant's ovaries but from the receptacle that holds the ovaries." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The garden strawberry (or simply strawberry; Fragaria × ananassa) is a widely grown hybrid species of the genus \"Fragaria\", collectively known as the strawberries.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ It is cultivated worldwide for its fruit.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The fruit is widely appreciated for its characteristic aroma, bright red color, juicy texture, and sweetness.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ It is consumed in large quantities, either fresh or in such prepared foods as preserves, juice, pies, ice creams, milkshakes, and chocolates.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ Artificial strawberry flavorings and aromas are also widely used in many products like lip gloss, candy, hand sanitizers, perfume, and many others.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The garden strawberry was first bred in Brittany, France, in the 1750s via a cross of \"Fragaria virginiana\" from eastern North America and \"Fragaria chiloensis\", which was brought from Chile by Amédée-François Frézier in 1714.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ Cultivars of \"Fragaria\" × \"ananassa\" have replaced, in commercial production, the woodland strawberry (\"Fragaria vesca\"), which was the first strawberry species cultivated in the early 17th century.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The strawberry is not, from a botanical point of view, a berry.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ Technically, it is an aggregate accessory fruit, meaning that the fleshy part is derived not from the plant's ovaries but from the receptacle that holds the ovaries.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Strawberry Shortcake\" characters.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ There are (at this writing) four distinct continuities in which Strawberry Shortcake's adventures take place: The original, 1980s version, the 2003 reboot, the 2009/2010 reboot and the upcoming 2018 reboot.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Many of Strawberry Shortcake's friends appear in more than one continuity, and their appearance and/or characterization can vary greatly between versions.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Distinct traits will be noted in each of the circas in which a character happens to appear.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake is the protagonist and the title character of \"The World of Strawberry Shortcake\" franchise.", "Strawberry Shortcake __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake is a brand character currently owned by the Canadian children's television company DHX Media and American brand management company, the Iconix Brand Group.", "Strawberry Shortcake __knowledge__ She was originally used in greeting cards, but was later expanded to include dolls, posters, and other products.", "Strawberry Shortcake __knowledge__ The Strawberry Shortcake properties also include a toy line of the character's friends and pets.", "Strawberry Shortcake __knowledge__ In addition, the franchise has spawned television specials, animated television series, and films.", "Strawberry Shortcake __knowledge__ The original design of Strawberry Shortcake and her cat, Custard, was done in 1979 by Muriel Fahrion during her time as a greeting card illustrator at American Greetings' Juvenile & Humorous card department.", "The World of Strawberry Shortcake __knowledge__ The World of Strawberry Shortcake is a 1980 animated television special written by Romeo Muller, directed by Charles Swenson, and produced by Swenson, Muller and Fred Wolf.", "The World of Strawberry Shortcake __knowledge__ Starring the voices of Romeo Muller, Russi Taylor, Julie McWhirter and Joan Gerber, it was made by animators from Murakami-Wolf-Swenson in the United States and by Toei Doga in Japan.", "The World of Strawberry Shortcake __knowledge__ The music was written and performed by Flo & Eddie of the rock group, The Turtles.", "The World of Strawberry Shortcake __knowledge__ The title character, Strawberry Shortcake, lives in a fictional place called Strawberryland.", "The World of Strawberry Shortcake __knowledge__ In the special, narrated by Romeo Muller (as Mr. Sun), she and her friends celebrate her sixth birthday.", "Shortcake __knowledge__ Shortcake is a sweet cake or biscuit (in the American sense: that is, a crumbly bread that has been leavened with baking powder or baking soda).", "Shortcake __knowledge__ The earliest recipe for shortcake is in an English cookbook from 1588.", "Shortcake __knowledge__ In 1602, William Shakespeare used it as a character's name in \"The Merry Wives of Windsor\", Alice Shortcake.", "Shortcake __knowledge__ Shortcake is typically made with flour, sugar, baking powder or soda, salt, butter, milk or cream, and sometimes eggs.", "Shortcake __knowledge__ The dry ingredients are blended, and then the butter is cut in until the mixture resembles cornmeal.", "Shortcake __knowledge__ The liquid ingredients are then mixed in just until moistened, resulting in a shortened dough.", "Strawberry Shortcake's Berry Bitty Adventures __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake's Berry Bitty Adventures is an American/French/Canadian CGI animated television series based on the Strawberry Shortcake franchise.", "Strawberry Shortcake's Berry Bitty Adventures __knowledge__ The series, produced by MoonScoop Group, with later episodes by Splash Entertainment, and in association with American Greetings, follows the adventures of Strawberry and her friends who live in Berry Bitty City.", "Strawberry Shortcake's Berry Bitty Adventures __knowledge__ It is the third iteration of the franchise overall, following the original 1980s version, and the 2003 relaunch.", "Strawberry Shortcake's Berry Bitty Adventures __knowledge__ There have been three DVD \"movies\" released by 20th Century Fox, as well as a toy line originally made by Hasbro and The Bridge Direct.", "The Care Bears Movie __knowledge__ The Care Bears Movie is a 1985 Canadian-American animated fantasy film and the second feature film from the Canadian animation studio Nelvana.", "The Care Bears Movie __knowledge__ One of the first films based directly on a toy line, it introduced the Care Bears characters and their companions the Care Bear Cousins.", "The Care Bears Movie __knowledge__ In the film, an orphanage owner (Mickey Rooney) tells a story about the Care Bears, who live in a cloud-filled land called Care-a-Lot.", "The Care Bears Movie __knowledge__ Traveling across Earth, the Bears help two lonely children named Kim and Jason find new parents, and also save a young magician's apprentice named Nicholas from an evil spirit's influence.", "Strawberry Shortcake: The Sweet Dreams Movie __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake: The Sweet Dreams Movie is a 2006 American computer-animated film produced by DIC Entertainment, and released theatrically in select cities on October 7, 2006 by Kidtoon Films.", "Strawberry Shortcake: The Sweet Dreams Movie __knowledge__ It is the first feature-length film to feature the eponymous American Greetings property, and stars the voices of Sarah Heinke, Rachel Ware, Nils Haaland and Bridget Robbins.", "Strawberry Shortcake: The Sweet Dreams Movie __knowledge__ The film also includes the first appearance of the villain, the Peculiar Pie Man, since Nelvana's Strawberry Shortcake specials from more than twenty years earlier.", "Strawberry Shortcake: The Sweet Dreams Movie __knowledge__ Fox Home Entertainment premiered \"The Sweet Dreams Movie\" on DVD on February 6, 2007.", "Berry __knowledge__ In everyday language, a berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit.", "Berry __knowledge__ Berries are usually juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet or sour, and do not have a stone or pit, although many pips or seeds may be present.", "Berry __knowledge__ Common examples are strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, red currants, and blackcurrants.", "Berry __knowledge__ In Britain, soft fruit is a horticultural term for such fruits.", "Berry __knowledge__ The scientific usage of the term \"berry\" differs from common usage.", "Berry __knowledge__ In scientific terminology, a berry is a fruit produced from the ovary of a single flower in which the outer layer of the ovary wall develops into an edible fleshy portion (pericarp).", "Breeding of strawberries __knowledge__ The breeding of strawberries is a long story that starts with the selection and cultivation of European strawberry species in western Europe in the 15th century while a similar discovery and cultivation occurred in Chile.", "Breeding of strawberries __knowledge__ The most commonly consumed strawberry species in modern times is the garden strawberry, a species derived from hybridization of two other species, with the scientific name \"Fragaria\" × \"ananassa\", but there are many species of strawberries, several others of which are cultivated to some extent.", "Breeding of strawberries __knowledge__ The strawberry species fall into several different genetic types, based on their number of chromosomes.", "Fragaria vesca __knowledge__ Fragaria vesca, commonly called wild strawberry, woodland strawberry, Alpine strawberry, Carpathian Strawberry, European strawberry, or fraisier des bois, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the rose family that grows naturally throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere, and that produces edible fruits.", "Fragaria vesca __knowledge__ Five to eleven soft, hairy white flowers are borne on a green, soft-hairy stalk that usually lifts them above the leaves.", "Fragaria vesca __knowledge__ The light-green leaves are trifoliate (in threes) with toothed margins.", "Fragaria vesca __knowledge__ The plant spreads by means of runners (stolons).", "Fragaria vesca __knowledge__ Vilmorin-Andrieux (1885) makes a distinction between wild or wood strawberries (\"Fragaria vesca\") and alpine strawberries (\"Fragaria alpina\"), a distinction which is not made by most seed companies or nurseries, which usually sell \"Fragaria vesca\" as \"alpine strawberry\".", "Diplocarpon earlianum __knowledge__ Diplocarpon earlianum is a fungal pathogen, that produces a disease in strawberry plants called strawberry leaf scorch.", "Diplocarpon earlianum __knowledge__ \"Diplocarpon earliana\" is of the phylum Ascmycota of fungi.", "Diplocarpon earlianum __knowledge__ The disease overwinters in plant debris and infects strawberry plants during the spring season when it is wet.", "Diplocarpon earlianum __knowledge__ The five main methods to reduce strawberry leaf scorch include: irrigation techniques, crop rotation, planting resistant, and disease free seeds, fungicide use and sanitation measures.", "Diplocarpon earlianum __knowledge__ Control of strawberry leaf scorch is important because it is responsible for the majority of disease in strawberries.", "Diplocarpon earlianum __knowledge__ \"Diplocarpon earliana\" affects the fruit quality and yield of the strawberry crop, which leads to a decrease in value assigned by the consumer.", "Oxnard, California __knowledge__ Oxnard is a city in the United States, located along the coast of Southern California.", "Oxnard, California __knowledge__ It is the 19th most populous city in California and the most populous in Ventura County.", "Oxnard, California __knowledge__ The city lies approximately 60 miles west of downtown Los Angeles and is part of the larger Greater Los Angeles area.", "Oxnard, California __knowledge__ The population of Oxnard is 207,906 (2017) .", "Oxnard, California __knowledge__ Oxnard is the most populous city in the Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is listed as one of the wealthiest areas in America, with its residents making well above the average national income.", "Oxnard, California __knowledge__ Oxnard was incorporated in 1903.", "Oxnard, California __knowledge__ It is located at the western edge of the fertile Oxnard Plain, sitting adjacent to an agricultural center of strawberries and lima beans." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The garden strawberry (or simply strawberry; Fragaria × ananassa) is a widely grown hybrid species of the genus \"Fragaria\", collectively known as the strawberries.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ It is cultivated worldwide for its fruit.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The fruit is widely appreciated for its characteristic aroma, bright red color, juicy texture, and sweetness.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ It is consumed in large quantities, either fresh or in such prepared foods as preserves, juice, pies, ice creams, milkshakes, and chocolates.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ Artificial strawberry flavorings and aromas are also widely used in many products like lip gloss, candy, hand sanitizers, perfume, and many others.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The garden strawberry was first bred in Brittany, France, in the 1750s via a cross of \"Fragaria virginiana\" from eastern North America and \"Fragaria chiloensis\", which was brought from Chile by Amédée-François Frézier in 1714.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ Cultivars of \"Fragaria\" × \"ananassa\" have replaced, in commercial production, the woodland strawberry (\"Fragaria vesca\"), which was the first strawberry species cultivated in the early 17th century.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The strawberry is not, from a botanical point of view, a berry.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ Technically, it is an aggregate accessory fruit, meaning that the fleshy part is derived not from the plant's ovaries but from the receptacle that holds the ovaries.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Strawberry Shortcake\" characters.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ There are (at this writing) four distinct continuities in which Strawberry Shortcake's adventures take place: The original, 1980s version, the 2003 reboot, the 2009/2010 reboot and the upcoming 2018 reboot.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Many of Strawberry Shortcake's friends appear in more than one continuity, and their appearance and/or characterization can vary greatly between versions.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Distinct traits will be noted in each of the circas in which a character happens to appear.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake is the protagonist and the title character of \"The World of Strawberry Shortcake\" franchise.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "Berry __knowledge__ In everyday language, a berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit.", "Berry __knowledge__ Berries are usually juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet or sour, and do not have a stone or pit, although many pips or seeds may be present.", "Berry __knowledge__ Common examples are strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, red currants, and blackcurrants.", "Berry __knowledge__ In Britain, soft fruit is a horticultural term for such fruits.", "Berry __knowledge__ The scientific usage of the term \"berry\" differs from common usage.", "Berry __knowledge__ In scientific terminology, a berry is a fruit produced from the ovary of a single flower in which the outer layer of the ovary wall develops into an edible fleshy portion (pericarp).", "Red __knowledge__ Red is the colour at the end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet.", "Red __knowledge__ It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres.", "Red __knowledge__ It is a primary color in the RGB color model and the CMYK color model, and is the complementary color of cyan.", "Red __knowledge__ Reds range from the brilliant yellow-tinged scarlet and vermillion to bluish-red crimson, and vary in shade from the pale red pink to the dark red burgundy.", "Red __knowledge__ The red sky at sunset results from Rayleigh scattering, while the red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused by hematite or red ochre, both forms of iron oxide.", "List of strawberry topics __knowledge__ This is a list of topics about the strawberry.", "List of strawberry topics __knowledge__ The strawberry is a widely grown hybrid species of the genus \"Fragaria\" (collectively known as the strawberries).", "List of strawberry topics __knowledge__ It is cultivated worldwide for its fruit.", "List of strawberry topics __knowledge__ The fruit (which is not a botanical berry, but an aggregate accessory fruit) is widely appreciated for its characteristic aroma, bright red color, juicy texture, and sweetness.", "List of hop varieties __knowledge__ This is a list of varieties of hop (\"Humulus lupulus\").", "List of hop varieties __knowledge__ As there are male and female plants, the flowers (cones) of the female plant are fertilized by the pollen of the male flowers with the result that the female flowers form seeds.", "List of hop varieties __knowledge__ These seeds are eaten by birds and hence spread over vast distances.", "List of hop varieties __knowledge__ Hops, specifically their female plants, have been grown as a commercial crop for the brewing industry for many centuries in many countries.", "List of hop varieties __knowledge__ The first documented mention of a hop garden is in the will of Pepyn III.", "List of hop varieties __knowledge__ The first breeding of different hop varieties took place at Wye College in Kent, England by E. S. Salmon in 1919 when he bred the varieties \"Brewer's Gold\" and \"Bullion\".", "Orange (fruit) __knowledge__ The orange is the fruit of the citrus species \"Citrus\" × \"sinensis\" in the family Rutaceae.", "Orange (fruit) __knowledge__ It is also called sweet orange, to distinguish it from the related \"Citrus × aurantium\", referred to as bitter orange.", "Orange (fruit) __knowledge__ The sweet orange reproduces asexually (apomixis through nucellar embryony); varieties of sweet orange arise through mutations.", "Orange (fruit) __knowledge__ The orange is a hybrid between pomelo (\"Citrus maxima\") and mandarin (\"Citrus reticulata\").", "Orange (fruit) __knowledge__ It has genes that are ~25% pomelo and ~75% mandarin; however, it is not a simple backcrossed BC1 hybrid, but hybridized over multiple generations.", "Orange (fruit) __knowledge__ The chloroplast genes, and therefore the maternal line, seem to be pomelo.", "Riesling __knowledge__ Riesling is a white grape variety which originated in the Rhine region of Germany.", "Riesling __knowledge__ Riesling is an aromatic grape variety displaying flowery, almost perfumed, aromas as well as high acidity.", "Riesling __knowledge__ It is used to make dry, semi-sweet, sweet, and sparkling white wines.", "Riesling __knowledge__ Riesling wines are usually varietally pure and are seldom oaked.", "Riesling __knowledge__ As of 2004, Riesling was estimated to be the world's 20th most grown variety at (with an increasing trend), but in terms of importance for quality wines, it is usually included in the \"top three\" white wine varieties together with Chardonnay and Sauvignon blanc.", "Riesling __knowledge__ Riesling is a variety which is highly \"\"terroir\"-expressive\", meaning that the character of Riesling wines is greatly influenced by the wine's place of origin." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The garden strawberry (or simply strawberry; Fragaria × ananassa) is a widely grown hybrid species of the genus \"Fragaria\", collectively known as the strawberries.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ It is cultivated worldwide for its fruit.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The fruit is widely appreciated for its characteristic aroma, bright red color, juicy texture, and sweetness.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ It is consumed in large quantities, either fresh or in such prepared foods as preserves, juice, pies, ice creams, milkshakes, and chocolates.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ Artificial strawberry flavorings and aromas are also widely used in many products like lip gloss, candy, hand sanitizers, perfume, and many others.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The garden strawberry was first bred in Brittany, France, in the 1750s via a cross of \"Fragaria virginiana\" from eastern North America and \"Fragaria chiloensis\", which was brought from Chile by Amédée-François Frézier in 1714.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ Cultivars of \"Fragaria\" × \"ananassa\" have replaced, in commercial production, the woodland strawberry (\"Fragaria vesca\"), which was the first strawberry species cultivated in the early 17th century.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The strawberry is not, from a botanical point of view, a berry.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ Technically, it is an aggregate accessory fruit, meaning that the fleshy part is derived not from the plant's ovaries but from the receptacle that holds the ovaries.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "Forever Evil __knowledge__ \"Forever Evil\" is a 2013–2014 crossover comic book storyline published by DC Comics that began in September 2013 and ended in May 2014, consisting of an eponymous, central miniseries written by Geoff Johns and art by David Finch.", "Forever Evil __knowledge__ It is the first line wide crossover since The New 52 reboot of the DC Universe, and focuses on all the villains of the DC Universe.", "Forever Evil __knowledge__ The miniseries spins out of the events in \"Trinity War\".", "Forever Evil __knowledge__ Johns revealed in August 2013, that the Crime Syndicate, an evil version of the Justice League from Earth-3 in the Multiverse, are the true villains of the event and not the previously thought Secret Society.", "Superman/Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Superman/Wonder Woman is an American comic book series published by DC Comics.", "Superman/Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The series debuted in October 2013 and was cancelled in May 2016.", "Superman/Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Written by Charles Soule with artwork by Tony Daniel, it explores the relationship between Superman and Wonder Woman, two of DC Comics' most popular characters.", "Superman/Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In July 2013, DC Comics announced the launch of \"Superman/Wonder Woman\" in October 2013.", "Superman/Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The series written by Charles Soule, best known for his work on \"Swamp Thing\", and drawn by Tony Daniel (\"Action Comics\", \"Detective Comics\") will explore the budding relationship between Superman and Wonder Woman, the DC Universe's most powerful heroes.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ It is the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU).", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film is directed by Patty Jenkins, with a screenplay by Allan Heinberg, from a story by Heinberg, Zack Snyder, and Jason Fuchs, and stars Gal Gadot as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman, alongside Chris Pine, Robin Wright, Danny Huston, David Thewlis, Connie Nielsen, and Elena Anaya.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ \"Wonder Woman\" is the second live action theatrical film featuring the titular character, following her debut in 2016's \"\".", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ \"Arrested Development\" is an American television sitcom that originally aired on the Fox network from November 2, 2003 to February 10, 2006.", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ A fourth season of 15 episodes was released on Netflix on May 26, 2013.", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ Created by Mitchell Hurwitz, the show centers on the Bluth family, a formerly wealthy, habitually dysfunctional family, and is presented in a continuous format, incorporating hand-held camera work, narration, archival photos, and historical footage.", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ The series stars Jason Bateman, Portia de Rossi, Will Arnett, Michael Cera, Alia Shawkat, Tony Hale, David Cross, Jeffrey Tambor, and Jessica Walter.", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ This article describes the foreign policy positions taken by Donald Trump during his 2016 presidential campaign.", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ In a \"New York Times\" interview in July 2016, Presidential Nominee Trump \"repeatedly defined American global interests almost purely in economic terms,\" with the nation's \"roles as a peacekeeper, as a provider of a nuclear deterrent against adversaries like North Korea, as an advocate of human rights and as a guarantor of allies' borders\" being \"quickly reduced to questions of economic benefit to the United States.\"", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ A 68-page document likely written by and under the direction of the Trump administration's national security adviser, Lt. Gen. H.R.", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ Wonder Man (Simon Williams) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ Created by writer Stan Lee and artists Don Heck and Jack Kirby, he first appeared in \"The Avengers\" #9 (October 1964).", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ The character was initially introduced as a rival to Tony Stark and after being imbued with \"ionic\" energy, became a supervillain who fought the Avengers.", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ After a series of events, Simon Williams was reborn as a superhero joining the team he originally fought against.", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ In 2012, Wonder Man was ranked 38th in IGN's list of \"The Top 50 Avengers\".", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ Wonder Man debuted in the superhero-team title \"The Avengers\" #9 (cover-dated Oct. 1964), but appeared to die in that issue.", "Hybrid speciation __knowledge__ Hybrid speciation is a form of speciation where hybridization between two different species leads to a new species, reproductively isolated from the parent species.", "Hybrid speciation __knowledge__ From the 1940s, reproductive isolation between hybrids and their parents was thought to be particularly difficult to achieve and thus hybrid species were thought to be extremely rare.", "Hybrid speciation __knowledge__ With DNA analysis becoming more accessible in the 1990s, hybrid speciation has been shown to be a fairly common phenomenon, particularly in plants.", "Hybrid speciation __knowledge__ In botanical nomenclature, a hybrid species is also called a nothospecies.", "Hybrid speciation __knowledge__ Hybrid species are by their nature polyphyletic.", "Transgressive segregation __knowledge__ In genetics, transgressive segregation is the formation of extreme phenotypes, or transgressive phenotypes, observed in segregated hybrid populations compared to phenotypes observed in the parental lines.", "Transgressive segregation __knowledge__ The appearance of these trangressive (extreme) phenotypes can be either positive or negative in terms of fitness.", "Transgressive segregation __knowledge__ If both parents' favorable alleles come together, it will result in a hybrid having a higher fitness than the two parents.", "Transgressive segregation __knowledge__ The hybrid species will show more genetic variation and variation in gene expression than their parents.", "Transgressive segregation __knowledge__ As a result, the hybrid species will have some traits that are transgressive (extreme) in nature.", "Berry __knowledge__ In everyday language, a berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit.", "Berry __knowledge__ Berries are usually juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet or sour, and do not have a stone or pit, although many pips or seeds may be present.", "Berry __knowledge__ Common examples are strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, red currants, and blackcurrants.", "Berry __knowledge__ In Britain, soft fruit is a horticultural term for such fruits.", "Berry __knowledge__ The scientific usage of the term \"berry\" differs from common usage.", "Berry __knowledge__ In scientific terminology, a berry is a fruit produced from the ovary of a single flower in which the outer layer of the ovary wall develops into an edible fleshy portion (pericarp).", "Narcissus (plant) __knowledge__ Narcissus is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family.", "Narcissus (plant) __knowledge__ Various common names including daffodil, daffadowndilly, narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus.", "Narcissus (plant) __knowledge__ \"Narcissus\" has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona.", "Narcissus (plant) __knowledge__ The flowers are generally white or yellow (also orange or pink in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.", "Narcissus (plant) __knowledge__ \"Narcissus\" were well known in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his \"Species Plantarum\" (1753).", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ Evidence of common descent of living organisms has been discovered by scientists researching in a variety of disciplines over many decades, demonstrating that all life on Earth comes from a single ancestor.", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ This forms an important part of the evidence on which evolutionary theory rests, demonstrates that evolution does occur, and illustrates the processes that created Earth's biodiversity.", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ It supports the modern evolutionary synthesis—the current scientific theory that explains how and why life changes over time.", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ Evolutionary biologists document evidence of common descent, all the way back to the last universal common ancestor, by developing testable predictions, testing hypotheses, and constructing theories that illustrate and describe its causes.", "Onion __knowledge__ The onion (\"Allium cepa\" L., from Latin \"cepa\" \"onion\"), also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable that is the most widely cultivated species of the genus \"Allium\".", "Onion __knowledge__ Its close relatives include the garlic, shallot, leek, chive, and Chinese onion.", "Onion __knowledge__ This genus also contains several other species variously referred to as onions and cultivated for food, such as the Japanese bunching onion (\"Allium fistulosum\"), the tree onion (\"A.\"", "Onion __knowledge__ ×\"proliferum\"), and the Canada onion (\"Allium canadense\").", "Onion __knowledge__ The name \"wild onion\" is applied to a number of \"Allium\" species, but \"A. cepa\" is exclusively known from cultivation." ] ]

[ 2, 3, 1, 4 ]

[ "Strawberry is my favorite cultivated fruit of all time. Do you want to learn more about strawberries?", "I really enjoy the bright red color, juicy texture and sweetness. When you are picking strawberries, the entire field has a special aroma.", "Strawberries are known as a hybrid species of the genus \"Fragia\", and grows in the early spring and takes around 4-6 weeks for it to be ripe. ", "It should be easy! It grows quick and you can consume them in large quantities. Strawberries are super delicious with chocolate." ]

[ "Strawberry", "Strawberry", "Strawberry", "Strawberry" ]

[ "Omar (name)", "Are you referring to the name Omar?", "Are there any famous people that you know of with that name?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Omar (name) __knowledge__ Omar, Omer, Ömer, \"Umer\" or Umar (), is a male given name of Arabic origin.", "Omar (name) __knowledge__ It is a common name in Arab and Muslim populations in general, as well as in Spanish-speaking countries.", "Omar (name) __knowledge__ In Arabic, its pronunciation differs based on the spoken varieties of Arabic and consequently in its transcription." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Omar (name) __knowledge__ Omar, Omer, Ömer, \"Umer\" or Umar (), is a male given name of Arabic origin.", "Omar (name) __knowledge__ It is a common name in Arab and Muslim populations in general, as well as in Spanish-speaking countries.", "Omar (name) __knowledge__ In Arabic, its pronunciation differs based on the spoken varieties of Arabic and consequently in its transcription.", "Baron Omar Rolf von Ehrenfels __knowledge__ Baron Omar Rolf von Ehrenfels (born 28 April 1901 in Prague - died 7 February 1980 in Neckargemünd, Heidelberg, Germany) was a prominent Muslim of Austrian origin.", "Baron Omar Rolf von Ehrenfels __knowledge__ Omar, or as he later chose, Umar Rolf Ehrenfels was born 28 April 1901 in Prague, Austria.", "Baron Omar Rolf von Ehrenfels __knowledge__ He was baptised Rolf Werner Leopold von Ehrenfels.", "Baron Omar Rolf von Ehrenfels __knowledge__ His father was Roman Catholic Baron Christian von Ehrenfels (1859–1932) professor of philosophy at the German part of Prague University.", "Baron Omar Rolf von Ehrenfels __knowledge__ He is known as the founder of the Gestalt theory.", "Baron Omar Rolf von Ehrenfels __knowledge__ His mother was Emma von Ehrenfels (1862–1946) born André, in Bratislava (Pressburg).", "Baron Omar Rolf von Ehrenfels __knowledge__ In her parental home both German and Hungarian was spoken.", "Two Vines __knowledge__ Two Vines is the third studio album by Australian electronic music duo Empire of the Sun.", "Two Vines __knowledge__ It was released on 28 October 2016 by Virgin EMI Records.", "Two Vines __knowledge__ The album features guest appearances from Fleetwood Mac's Lindsey Buckingham, Wendy Melvoin, Henry Hey and Tim Lefebvre.", "Two Vines __knowledge__ The duo started writing their third studio album after contributing music to the 2014 film \"Dumb and Dumber To\".", "Two Vines __knowledge__ The album was recorded in Hawaii and Los Angeles, and it was co-produced by Empire of the Sun and Peter Mayes alongside regular collaborator Jonathan Sloan.", "Two Vines __knowledge__ In November 2015, lead singer Luke Steele noted that the album was \"75 percent there\".", "Omar Bongo __knowledge__ El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba (born Albert-Bernard Bongo; 30 December 1935 – 8 June 2009) was a Gabonese politician who was President of Gabon for 42 years from 1967 until his death in 2009.", "Omar Bongo __knowledge__ Omar Bongo was promoted to key positions as a young official under Gabon's first President Léon M'ba in the 1960s, before being elected Vice-President in his own right in 1966.", "Omar Bongo __knowledge__ In 1967, he succeeded M'ba to become the second Gabon President, upon the latter's death.", "Omar Bongo __knowledge__ Bongo headed the single-party regime of the Gabonese Democratic Party (PDG) until 1990, when, faced with public pressure, he was forced to introduce multi-party politics into Gabon.", "Omar Pasha __knowledge__ Omar Pasha, also known as Omar Pasha Latas (, ; 1806–1871) was an Ottoman field marshal and governor.", "Omar Pasha __knowledge__ He was born in Austrian territory, to Serbian Orthodox Christian parents, and was initially an Austrian soldier.", "Omar Pasha __knowledge__ When faced with charges of embezzlement, he fled to Ottoman Bosnia and converted to Islam, and then joined the Ottoman army where he quickly climbed in ranks.", "Omar Pasha __knowledge__ Latas crushed several rebellions throughout the Empire, and was a commander in the Crimean War, where he won some outstanding victories at Silistra and Eupatoria and participated in the siege of Sevastopol.", "Omar Pasha __knowledge__ Omar Pasha was born Mihajlo Latas (), an ethnic Serb and Orthodox Christian, in Janja Gora, at the time part of the Croatian Military Frontier of the Austrian Empire (in modern Plaški, Lika region, Croatia).", "Mohammed Omar __knowledge__ Mullah Mohammed Omar (, \"Mullā Muḥammad ‘Umar\"; c. 1960 – 23 April 2013), widely known as Mullah Omar, was the supreme commander and spiritual leader of the Taliban.", "Mohammed Omar __knowledge__ Under the title \"Head of the Supreme Council,\" He was Afghanistan's de facto head of state from 1996 to late 2001.", "Mohammed Omar __knowledge__ Omar died in 2013 of natural causes and was succeeded by Mullah Akhtar Mansour.", "Mohammed Omar __knowledge__ Born into a poor family with no political connections, Omar joined the Afghan mujahideen in their war against the Soviet Union and the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan during the 1980s.", "Mohammed Omar __knowledge__ He founded the Taliban in 1994 and by 1995 had captured much of southern Afghanistan; in September 1996, the Taliban took Kabul, the country's capital.", "Omar Little __knowledge__ Omar Devone Little is a fictional character on the HBO drama series \"The Wire\", portrayed by Michael K. Williams.", "Omar Little __knowledge__ He is a notorious Baltimore stick-up man, frequently robbing street-level drug dealers.", "Omar Little __knowledge__ He is legendary around Baltimore for his characteristic duster under which he hides his shotgun, large caliber handgun and bulletproof vest, as well as for his facial scar, and his habit of hauntingly whistling \"The Farmer in the Dell\" when stalking the streets.", "Omar Little __knowledge__ When people see or hear him approaching, they run away and will often warn others by shouting \"Omar comin'!\"", "Omar Little __knowledge__ Omar has a strict moral code, which involves refusal to harm innocent people or use profanity, setting him apart from other street-level characters.", "Taliban __knowledge__ The Taliban ( ' \"students\"), alternatively spelled Taleban, which refers to itself as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (IEA), is a Sunni Islamic fundamentalist political movement in Afghanistan currently waging war (an insurgency, or jihad) within that country.", "Taliban __knowledge__ Since 2016, the Taliban's leader is Mawlawi Hibatullah Akhundzada.", "Taliban __knowledge__ From 1996 to 2001, the Taliban held power over roughly three quarters of Afghanistan, and enforced there a strict interpretation of Sharia, or Islamic law.", "Taliban __knowledge__ The Taliban emerged in 1994 as one of the prominent factions in the Afghan Civil War, and largely consisted of students recently trained in madrassas in Pakistan.", "Arabic language influence on the Spanish language __knowledge__ Arabic influence on the Spanish language overwhelmingly dates from the Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula between 711 and 1492.", "Arabic language influence on the Spanish language __knowledge__ The influence results mainly from the large number of Arabic loanwords and derivations in Spanish, plus a few other less obvious effects.", "Arabic language influence on the Spanish language __knowledge__ The Spanish language, also called \"Castilian\", is a Romance language that evolved from the dialects of Roman Vulgar Latin spoken in the Iberian peninsula.", "Arabic language influence on the Spanish language __knowledge__ The first documents written in a language with some features specific of modern Spanish are ascribed to a number of documents from different monasteries in the area of Burgos and La Rioja in what is now northern Spain.", "Influence of Arabic on other languages __knowledge__ Arabic has had a great influence on other languages, especially in vocabulary.", "Influence of Arabic on other languages __knowledge__ The influence of Arabic has been most profound in those countries dominated by Islam or Islamic power.", "Influence of Arabic on other languages __knowledge__ Arabic is a major source of vocabulary for languages as diverse as Amharic, Tigrinya, Bengali, Hindi, Indonesian, Kazakh, Kurdish, Kyrgyz, Malay, Pashto, Persian, Punjabi, Sindhi, Somali, Sylheti, Swahili, Turkish, Turkmen, Urdu, Uyghur, Uzbek as well as other languages in countries where these languages are spoken.", "Influence of Arabic on other languages __knowledge__ For example, the Arabic word for \"book\" (كتاب \"kitāb\") is used in most of the languages listed, (exceptions are Spanish, Catalan and Portuguese, which use the Latin-derived words \"libro,\" \"llibre\" and \"livro\").", "Influences on the Spanish language __knowledge__ The Spanish language has a long history of borrowing words, expressions and subtler features of other languages it has come in contact with.", "Influences on the Spanish language __knowledge__ Spanish developed from Vulgar Latin, with an important lexical influence from Arabic, and some influence from Paleohispanic languages such as Celtiberian and Basque.", "Influences on the Spanish language __knowledge__ Spanish has also absorbed many loanwords from other Romance languages, notably from French, and in recent times also from English.", "Influences on the Spanish language __knowledge__ Much as English in the United States and Canada, it is now spoken by a host of people in the Americas, multicultural backgrounds including those of Amerindian and African heritage.", "Persian language __knowledge__ Persian ( or ), also known by its endonym Farsi ( \"\" ), is one of the Western Iranian languages within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.", "Persian language __knowledge__ It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan (officially known as \"Dari\" since 1958), and Tajikistan (officially known as \"Tajiki\" since the Soviet era), and some other regions which historically were Persianate societies and considered part of Greater Iran.", "Persian language __knowledge__ It is written in the Persian alphabet, a modified variant of the Arabic script.", "Persian language __knowledge__ The Persian language is classified as a continuation of Middle Persian, the official religious and literary language of the Sasanian Empire, itself a continuation of Old Persian, the language of the Achaemenid Empire.", "Arabic __knowledge__ Arabic (, ' or ' or ) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the \"lingua franca\" of the Arab world.", "Arabic __knowledge__ It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula.", "Arabic __knowledge__ The modern written language (Modern Standard Arabic) is derived from Classical Arabic.", "Arabic __knowledge__ It is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media.", "Arabic __knowledge__ The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (\"fuṣḥā\"), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam.", "Urdu __knowledge__ Urdu (; , or Modern Standard Urdu) is a Persianised and standardised register language of the Hindustani language.", "Urdu __knowledge__ It is the official and \"lingua franca\" of Pakistan.", "Urdu __knowledge__ In India, it is one of the 22 official languages recognized in the Constitution of India, having official status in the five states of Jammu and Kashmir, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Jharkhand, as well as the national capital territory of Delhi.", "Urdu __knowledge__ Apart from specialized vocabulary, Urdu is mutually intelligible with Standard Hindi, another recognized register of Hindustani.", "Urdu __knowledge__ The Urdu variant of Hindustani received recognition and patronage under British rule when the British replaced the local official languages with English and Hindustani written in Nastaʿlīq script, as the official language in North and Northwestern India.", "Egyptian Arabic __knowledge__ Egyptian Arabic, locally known as the Egyptian colloquial language or Masri, also spelled Masry, meaning simply \"Egyptian\", is spoken by most contemporary Egyptians.", "Egyptian Arabic __knowledge__ Egyptian is a North African dialect of the Arabic language which is a Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family.", "Egyptian Arabic __knowledge__ It originated in the Nile Delta in Lower Egypt around the capital Cairo.", "Egyptian Arabic __knowledge__ Egyptian Arabic evolved from the Quranic Arabic which was brought to Egypt during the seventh-century AD Muslim conquest that aimed to spread the Islamic faith among the Egyptians.", "Egyptian Arabic __knowledge__ Egyptian Arabic is very highly influenced by the Coptic language which was the native language of the Egyptians prior to the Arab Conquest, and later it had small influences by other languages such as French, Italian, Greek, Turkish and English." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Omar (name) __knowledge__ Omar, Omer, Ömer, \"Umer\" or Umar (), is a male given name of Arabic origin.", "Omar (name) __knowledge__ It is a common name in Arab and Muslim populations in general, as well as in Spanish-speaking countries.", "Omar (name) __knowledge__ In Arabic, its pronunciation differs based on the spoken varieties of Arabic and consequently in its transcription.", "Famous People Players __knowledge__ Famous People Players is a black light puppetry theatre company.", "Famous People Players __knowledge__ It is based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and tours worldwide.", "Famous People Players __knowledge__ It is a non-profit organization which employs people with physical and intellectual disabilities.", "Famous People Players __knowledge__ Those individuals share duties in dining room management, arts administration, and theatrical and visual arts performances.", "Famous People Players __knowledge__ Since inception, the company has paid homage to the works of famous people within its own theatrical context, hence the name \"Famous People\" Players.", "Famous People Players __knowledge__ As a result of the increasing popularity of Famous People Players, the company was featured as regulars on CBC Television's 1976-1977 variety series, \"The Wolfman Jack Show\"; the network also later produced and aired \"Carnival of the Animals\".", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture and education are important aspects of British culture.", "Fame in the 20th Century __knowledge__ Fame in the 20th Century is a 1993 BBC documentary television series and book by Clive James.", "Fame in the 20th Century __knowledge__ The book and series examined the phenomenon of fame and how it expanded to international mass media proportions throughout the 20th century.", "Fame in the 20th Century __knowledge__ The 8 episodes were divided in roughly 8 decades, from the 1900s to the 1980s.", "Fame in the 20th Century __knowledge__ Each episode highlighted world-famous people during that part of the century.", "Fame in the 20th Century __knowledge__ James delivered interesting and amusing comments about the portrayed celebrities and the various ways they became famous.", "Fame in the 20th Century __knowledge__ In the United States, the series were broadcast on PBS.", "Fame in the 20th Century __knowledge__ James and his team developed the series as a study on the concept fame, and more specifically \"world fame\".", "De Casibus Virorum Illustrium __knowledge__ De Casibus Virorum Illustrium (\"On the Fates of Famous Men\") is a work of 56 biographies in Latin prose composed by the Florentine poet Giovanni Boccaccio of Certaldo in the form of moral stories of the falls of famous people, similar to his work of 106 biographies \"De Mulieribus Claris\".", "De Casibus Virorum Illustrium __knowledge__ \"De casibus\" is an encyclopedia of historical biography and a part of the classical tradition of historiography.", "De Casibus Virorum Illustrium __knowledge__ It deals with the fortunes and calamities of famous people starting with the biblical Adam, going to mythological and ancient people, then to people of Boccaccio's own time in the fourteenth century.", "You're Putting Me On __knowledge__ You're Putting Me On!", "You're Putting Me On __knowledge__ is an NBC game show in which celebrities tried to communicate the identities of famous people through odd and interesting clues.", "You're Putting Me On __knowledge__ Bill Leyden was the original host, with Larry Blyden taking over halfway through the run.", "You're Putting Me On __knowledge__ The program was broadcast from June 30 to December 26, 1969, at 1:30 pm.", "You're Putting Me On __knowledge__ Three teams, composed of a \"regular\" celebrity and a guest celebrity, were each given 100 points to start the game.", "You're Putting Me On __knowledge__ Each team played for a member of the studio audience.", "You're Putting Me On __knowledge__ In each round, Leyden began by listing four famous people as possible answers.", "You're Putting Me On __knowledge__ One member of each team was given a card with one of those famous people on it, and that player would have to assume the identity of that famous person (more than one team could have the same famous person).", "Dead Famous People __knowledge__ Dead Famous People are a New Zealand indie pop band formed in Auckland, active from the latter half of the 1980s onward.", "Dead Famous People __knowledge__ Dead Famous People are still active today, Savage using various collaborators, with a new album being recorded in Auckland New Zealand, following an extended break taken to raise her son, Harry.", "Dead Famous People __knowledge__ The band formed in 1986 and comprised Donna Savage (vocals), Elizabeth (Biddy) Leyland (keyboards and vocals), Wendy Kjestrup (guitar and vocals), Jenny Renals (bass guitar) and Robyn Tearle (drums).", "Dead Famous People __knowledge__ After a couple of releases in New Zealand, including an EP on Flying Nun Records, giving them some success in their homeland, they relocated to London, where they signed for Billy Bragg's Utility Records label, with Gill Moon replacing Tearle.", "Confessions of a Dangerous Mind __knowledge__ Confessions of a Dangerous Mind is a 2002 biographical spy comedy film depicting the life of popular game show host and producer Chuck Barris, who claimed to have also been an assassin for the CIA.", "Confessions of a Dangerous Mind __knowledge__ The film was George Clooney's directorial debut, was written by Charlie Kaufman, and starred Sam Rockwell, Julia Roberts, Drew Barrymore, and Clooney.", "Confessions of a Dangerous Mind __knowledge__ Columbia Pictures had planned to produce a film adaptation of Barris's memoir of the same name in the late 1980s.", "Confessions of a Dangerous Mind __knowledge__ When the film rights were purchased by producer Andrew Lazar, Kaufman was commissioned to write a new script, which attracted various A-list actors and filmmakers to the project.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "YES Network __knowledge__ The Yankees Entertainment and Sports Network (YES) is an American cable and satellite television regional sports network that is owned by 21st Century Fox (which owns a controlling 80% interest and serves as managing partner) and Yankee Global Enterprises (which owns the remaining 20%).", "YES Network __knowledge__ Primarily serving New York City, New York and the surrounding metropolitan area, it broadcasts a variety of sports events, as well as magazine, documentary and discussion programs; however, its main emphasis is focused on games and team-related programs involving the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (owned by minority partner Yankee Global), the NBA's Brooklyn Nets and New York City FC of Major League Soccer.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second referendum to ask voters in the Canadian French-speaking province of Quebec whether Quebec should proclaim national sovereignty and become an independent country, with the condition precedent of offering a political and economic agreement to Canada.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The culmination of multiple years of debate and planning after the failure of the Meech Lake and Charlottetown constitutional accords, the referendum was launched solely by the provincial Parti Québécois government of Jacques Parizeau.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ Despite initial predictions of a heavy sovereignist defeat, an eventful and complex campaign followed, with the \"Yes\" side flourishing after being taken over by charismatic Bloc Québécois leader Lucien Bouchard.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ The Yes Men are a culture jamming activist duo and network of supporters created by Jacques Servin and Igor Vamos.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ Through actions of tactical media, the Yes Men primarily aim to raise awareness about problematic social and political issues.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ To date, the duo have produced three films: \"The Yes Men\" (2003), \"The Yes Men Fix the World\" (2009) and \"The Yes Men Are Revolting\" (2014).", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ In these films, they impersonate entities that they dislike, a practice that they call \"identity correction\".", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ The Yes Men operate under the mission statement that lies can expose truth.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ They create and maintain fake websites similar to ones they intend to spoof, which have led to numerous interview, conference, and TV talk show invitations.", "United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, 2011 __knowledge__ The United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, also known as the UK-wide referendum on the Parliamentary voting system was held on Thursday 5 May 2011 (the same date as local elections in many areas) in the United Kingdom (UK) to choose the method of electing MPs at subsequent general elections as part of the Conservative – Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement drawn up after the 2010 general election which had resulted in the first hung parliament since February 1974 and also indirectly in the aftermath of the 2009 expenses scandal under the provisions of the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 and was the first national referendum to be held under provisions laid out in the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000." ] ]

[ 1, 0, 2 ]

[ "Omar is of Arabic origin.", "yes I am.", "No, but it is a very common name in the Arab and Muslim populations." ]

[ "Omar (name)", "Omar (name)", "Omar (name)" ]

[ "Rural area", "Oh wow, how is it living outside of L.A.? I'd imagine it's definitely not as lively?!", "So are your only options mostly to go to L.A. for entertainment, or are there still a few things to do in your area?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rural area __knowledge__ In general, a rural area or countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities.", "Rural area __knowledge__ The Health Resources and Services Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services defines the word \"rural\" as encompassing \"...all population, housing, and territory not included within an urban area.", "Rural area __knowledge__ Whatever is not urban is considered rural.\"", "Rural area __knowledge__ Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements.", "Rural area __knowledge__ Agricultural areas are commonly rural, as are other types of areas such as forest.", "Rural area __knowledge__ Different countries have varying definitions of \"rural\" for statistical and administrative purposes.", "Rural area __knowledge__ In Canada, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development defines a \"predominantly rural region\" as having more than 50% of the population living in rural communities where a \"rural community\" has a population density less than 150 people per square kilometre.", "Rural area __knowledge__ In Canada, the census division has been used to represent \"regions\" and census consolidated sub-divisions have been used to represent \"communities\".", "Rural area __knowledge__ Intermediate regions have 15 to 49 percent of their population living in a rural community.", "Rural area __knowledge__ Predominantly urban regions have less than 15 percent of their population living in a rural community." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rural area __knowledge__ In general, a rural area or countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities.", "Rural area __knowledge__ The Health Resources and Services Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services defines the word \"rural\" as encompassing \"...all population, housing, and territory not included within an urban area.", "Rural area __knowledge__ Whatever is not urban is considered rural.\"", "Rural area __knowledge__ Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements.", "Rural area __knowledge__ Agricultural areas are commonly rural, as are other types of areas such as forest.", "Rural area __knowledge__ Different countries have varying definitions of \"rural\" for statistical and administrative purposes.", "Rural area __knowledge__ In Canada, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development defines a \"predominantly rural region\" as having more than 50% of the population living in rural communities where a \"rural community\" has a population density less than 150 people per square kilometre.", "Rural area __knowledge__ In Canada, the census division has been used to represent \"regions\" and census consolidated sub-divisions have been used to represent \"communities\".", "Rural area __knowledge__ Intermediate regions have 15 to 49 percent of their population living in a rural community.", "Rural area __knowledge__ Predominantly urban regions have less than 15 percent of their population living in a rural community.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ \"Wow Oh Wow\" is a song by Irish hip pop duo Jedward.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It is the third single released from their second album, \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It was released as a digital download on 18 November 2011.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song is written by Oritsé Williams of boy band JLS, and songwriters Johannes Joergensen, Savan Kotecha, Daniel Klein of Deekay.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ In September 2011, \"Wow Oh Wow\" was announced as the third single from \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ Jedward debuted the song on Irish chat show \"The Late Late Show\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song was released as a digital-only single.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The music video was directed by Dale \"Rage\" Resteghini and filmed in Los Angeles, California in October 2011.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Those Darlins was a rock and roll band from Nashville, Tennessee active between 2006 and 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The group has released three albums, their alt-country-leaning self-titled debut \"Those Darlins\" in 2009, the garage rock influenced \"Screws Get Loose\" in 2011, and the more classic rock and roll \"Blur the Line\" in 2013.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band also owns and operates its own record label, Oh Wow Dang Records.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band entered into a hiatus in 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Lead singer Jessi Zazu died from cancer on September 12, 2017.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Jessi Zazu, Nikki Kvarnes, and Kelley Anderson formed Those Darlins after meeting at the Southern Girls Rock & Roll Camp in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"OMG\" is a song by American recording artist Usher and American rapper will.i.am, who also wrote and produced the song.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It uses the auto-tune effect in several lines, as well as \"Jock Jams\"-esque sports arena chanting.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It was released on March 22, 2010 as the first worldwide single off his sixth studio album, \"Raymond v. Raymond\", and the fourth single overall, following the three US singles \"Papers\", \"Hey Daddy (Daddy's Home)\", and \"Lil Freak\".", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was met with a mixed reception from critics, who criticized the use of auto-tune, but commended the song's dance and club vibe.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song marks the second time that Usher has collaborated with will.i.am, following the single \"What's Your Name\", from his previous album \"Here I Stand\" (2008).", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Batavia, Dutch East Indies __knowledge__ Batavia was the name of the capital city of the Dutch East Indies and corresponds to the present-day city of Jakarta.", "Batavia, Dutch East Indies __knowledge__ Just as modern Jakarta may refer to either the city itself or to the larger area of the city, with its geographic surroundings, which taken together is one of the provinces of Indonesia, Batavia can refer to the city proper as it existed then, with its various increases over time in urbanized acreage, or can refer to the surrounding hinterland.", "Batavia, Dutch East Indies __knowledge__ The establishment of Batavia at the site of the razed city of Jayakarta by the Dutch in 1619 led to the Dutch colony that became modern Indonesia following World War II.", "Suburb __knowledge__ A suburb is a mixed-use or residential area, existing either as part of a city or urban area or as a separate residential community within commuting distance of a city.", "Suburb __knowledge__ In most English-speaking countries, suburban areas are defined in contrast to central or inner-city areas, but in Australian English and South African English, \"suburb\" has become largely synonymous with what is called a \"neighborhood\" in other countries and the term extends to inner-city areas.", "Suburb __knowledge__ In some areas, such as Australia, China, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and a few U.S. states, new suburbs are routinely annexed by adjacent cities.", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (400–499) __knowledge__ Farm to Market Roads in Texas are owned and maintained by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT).", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (400–499) __knowledge__ FM 400 is an farm to market road in northern Texas running from an interchange with US 87 near Tahoka to FM 145 near Kress.", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (400–499) __knowledge__ The highway runs around the east side of Lubbock.", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (400–499) __knowledge__ FM 401 is a farm to market road in and around Childress.", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (400–499) __knowledge__ It runs and is located entirely in Childress County.", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (400–499) __knowledge__ It begins at an intersection with US 287 (Avenue F) and 7th Street in downtown Childress, heads north along 7th Street to a T-intersection with FM 3181 north of the city.", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (400–499) __knowledge__ The highway was designated in 1969.", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (400–499) __knowledge__ The first incarnation of FM 401 existed in Lubbock and Hale counties.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism in Europe has been documented in relation to racialized immigrant and migrant populations alongside Romani (Roma/Gypsy), Yenish, Irish Traveller, and communities (such as the Sami, Komi, and Nenets) from within continental borders.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism is the practice of environmental injustice within a racialized context, in which socially marginalized communities and minority groups are subjected to disproportionate exposure of environmental hazards, denial of access to sources of ecological sustenance such as clean air, water, and natural resources, or infringement of environmentally related human rights.", "Malda Sadar subdivision __knowledge__ Malda Sadar subdivision is a subdivision of the Malda district in the state of West Bengal, India.", "Malda Sadar subdivision __knowledge__ It consists of Old Maldah municipality, English Bazar municipality and nine community development blocks: English Bazar, Gazole, Habibpur, Kaliachak–I, Kaliachak–II, Kaliachak–III, Manickchak, Old Maldah and Bamangola.", "Malda Sadar subdivision __knowledge__ The nine blocks contain 97 gram panchayats and three census towns.", "Malda Sadar subdivision __knowledge__ The headquarters of the subdivision is in English Bazar.", "Malda Sadar subdivision __knowledge__ Apart from Old Maldah municipality and English Bazar municipality, the subdivision contains three census towns and rural areas of 97 gram panchayats under nine community development blocks: English Bazar, Gazole, Habibpur, Kaliachak–I, Kaliachak–II, Kaliachak–III, Manickchak, Old Maldah and Bamangola.", "Basirhat subdivision __knowledge__ Basirhat subdivision is a subdivision of the North 24 Parganas district in the state of West Bengal, India.", "Basirhat subdivision __knowledge__ It consists of three municipalities (Basirhat, Baduria and Taki) and ten community development blocks: Baduria, Basirhat–I, Basirhat–II, Haroa, Hasnabad, Hingalganj, Minakhan, Sandeshkhali–I and Sandeshkhali–II and Swarupnagar.", "Basirhat subdivision __knowledge__ The ten blocks contain one census town and 90 gram panchayats.", "Basirhat subdivision __knowledge__ The subdivision has its headquarters at Basirhat.", "Basirhat subdivision __knowledge__ Apart from the municipalities of Basirhat(www.basirhatmunicipality.in), Baduria and Taki, the subdivision contains one census town and rural areas of 90 gram panchayats under ten community development blocks: Baduria, Basirhat–I, Basirhat–II, Haroa, Hasnabad, Hingalganj, Minakhan, Sandeshkhali–I and Sandeshkhali–II and Swarupnagar." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rural area __knowledge__ In general, a rural area or countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities.", "Rural area __knowledge__ The Health Resources and Services Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services defines the word \"rural\" as encompassing \"...all population, housing, and territory not included within an urban area.", "Rural area __knowledge__ Whatever is not urban is considered rural.\"", "Rural area __knowledge__ Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements.", "Rural area __knowledge__ Agricultural areas are commonly rural, as are other types of areas such as forest.", "Rural area __knowledge__ Different countries have varying definitions of \"rural\" for statistical and administrative purposes.", "Rural area __knowledge__ In Canada, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development defines a \"predominantly rural region\" as having more than 50% of the population living in rural communities where a \"rural community\" has a population density less than 150 people per square kilometre.", "Rural area __knowledge__ In Canada, the census division has been used to represent \"regions\" and census consolidated sub-divisions have been used to represent \"communities\".", "Rural area __knowledge__ Intermediate regions have 15 to 49 percent of their population living in a rural community.", "Rural area __knowledge__ Predominantly urban regions have less than 15 percent of their population living in a rural community.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Internet booking engine __knowledge__ An Internet booking engine (IBE) is a website that allows consumers and travel agents to book flights, hotels, holiday packages, insurance and other services online.", "Internet booking engine __knowledge__ In the early days of American aviation, passengers were very few and the airlines did not fly regularly as at present.", "Internet booking engine __knowledge__ Ticket fares were regulated by the Civil Aeronautics Board.", "Internet booking engine __knowledge__ All routes, fares and flight schedules were published in the Official Airline Guide and travel agents requested reservations by phone or telex.", "Internet booking engine __knowledge__ As the number of passengers flying annually began to grow, this manual system could not cope and the airlines looked at upgrading their method of ticketing.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "Executive compensation in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, the compensation of company executives is distinguished by the forms it takes and its dramatic rise over the past three decades and wide-ranging criticism leveled against it.", "Executive compensation in the United States __knowledge__ In the past three decades in America executive compensation or pay has risen dramatically beyond what can be explained by changes in firm size, performance, and industry classification.", "Executive compensation in the United States __knowledge__ It is the highest in the world in both absolute terms and relative to median salary in the US.", "Executive compensation in the United States __knowledge__ It has been criticized not only as excessive, but also for \"rewarding failure\"—including massive drops in stock price, and much of the national growth in income inequality.", "Entertainment __knowledge__ Entertainment is a form of activity that holds the attention and interest of an audience, or gives pleasure and delight.", "Entertainment __knowledge__ It can be an idea or a task, but is more likely to be one of the activities or events that have developed over thousands of years specifically for the purpose of keeping an audience's attention.", "Entertainment __knowledge__ Although people's attention is held by different things, because individuals have different preferences in entertainment, most forms are recognisable and familiar.", "Entertainment __knowledge__ Storytelling, music, drama, dance, and different kinds of performance exist in all cultures, were supported in royal courts, developed into sophisticated forms and over time became available to all citizens.", "Todd Fisher __knowledge__ Todd Emmanuel Fisher (born February 24, 1958) is an American actor, director, cinematographer, and producer of television films and documentaries.", "Todd Fisher __knowledge__ Fisher is the son of singer Eddie Fisher and actress Debbie Reynolds and brother of Carrie Fisher.", "Todd Fisher __knowledge__ He has a professional background in architectural design and sound engineering, with experience designing and building sound stages, recording studios, and television facilities.", "Todd Fisher __knowledge__ Fisher is also a business executive; the former CEO, president, CFO, and treasurer of the Debbie Reynolds Hotel & Casino (DRHC), Debbie Reynolds Management Company, Inc., and Debbie Reynolds Resorts, Inc. , he is the CEO and curator of the Hollywood Motion Picture Museum, which is housed at Debbie Reynolds Studios (DR Studios) in North Hollywood and at his ranch in Creston, California.", "Singtam __knowledge__ Singtam () is a town in East Sikkim district in the Indian state of Sikkim about from the state capital Gangtok.", "Singtam __knowledge__ Singtam is located at .", "Singtam __knowledge__ It has an average elevation of 1396 feet.", "Singtam __knowledge__ India census, Singtam had a population of 5,868.", "Singtam __knowledge__ Males constitute 56% of the population and females 44%.", "Singtam __knowledge__ Singtam has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 66%.", "Singtam __knowledge__ In Singtam, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.", "Singtam __knowledge__ As per news the famous Billu Bhai is also from this town of Sikkim.", "Singtam __knowledge__ The nearest airport to Singtam is away at Bagdogra in West Bengal, where scheduled flights operate to and from Kolkata, Delhi and Guwahati.", "Sweden __knowledge__ Sweden ( ; ), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.", "Sweden __knowledge__ It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund.", "Sweden __knowledge__ At , Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area.", "Sweden __knowledge__ Sweden has a total population of 10 million of which 2.3 million has a foreign background.", "Sweden __knowledge__ It has a low population density of ; the highest concentration is in the southern half of the country.", "Sweden __knowledge__ Approximately 85% of the population lives in urban areas.", "Sweden __knowledge__ Germanic peoples have inhabited Sweden since prehistoric times, emerging into history as the Geats (Swedish Götar) and Swedes (Svear) and constituting the sea peoples known as the Norsemen.", "Allee effect __knowledge__ The Allee effect is a phenomenon in biology characterized by a correlation between population size or density and the mean individual fitness (often measured as \"per capita\" population growth rate) of a population or species.", "Allee effect __knowledge__ Although the concept of Allee effect had no title at the time, it was first described in the 1930s by its namesake, Warder Clyde Allee.", "Allee effect __knowledge__ Through experimental studies, Allee was able to demonstrate that goldfish grow more rapidly when there are more individuals within the tank.", "Allee effect __knowledge__ This led him to conclude that aggregation can improve the survival rate of individuals, and that cooperation may be crucial in the overall evolution of social structure.", "Edwin Boring __knowledge__ Edwin Garrigues (Gary) Boring (23 October 1886 – 1 July 1968) was an American experimental psychologist, Professor of Psychology at Clark University and at Harvard University, who later became one of the first historians of psychology.", "Edwin Boring __knowledge__ A \"Review of General Psychology\" survey, published in 2002, ranked Boring as the 93rd most cited psychologist of the 20th century, tied with John Dewey, Amos Tversky, and Wilhelm Wundt.", "Edwin Boring __knowledge__ Boring was born on October 23, 1886 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and grew up in a Quaker family interested in science.", "Edwin Boring __knowledge__ His elder sister was the zoologist, Alice Middleton Boring.", "Boring Billion __knowledge__ The Boring Billion is a term coined by palaeontologist Martin Brasier to refer to the approximately one billion-year period between 1.8 and 0.8 Ga in Earth's history that is characterized by environmental, evolutionary, and lithospheric stability.", "Boring Billion __knowledge__ It has also been termed the \"Barren Billion\", \"Dullest Time on Earth\" and \"Earth’s Middle Ages\".", "Boring Billion __knowledge__ In the time leading up to the Boring Billion, Earth experienced multiple widespread glaciations, the origin of prokaryotic life, the introduction of oxygen into the atmosphere with the evolution of cyanobacteria, addition of UV-blocking ozone to the atmosphere, and the oxidizing of iron in the oceans.", "Cheetah __knowledge__ The cheetah (\"Acinonyx jubatus\") is a large felid of the subfamily Felinae that occurs mainly in eastern and southern Africa and a few parts of Iran.", "Cheetah __knowledge__ It is the fastest land animal.", "Cheetah __knowledge__ The only extant member of the genus \"Acinonyx\", the cheetah was formally described by Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber in 1775.", "Cheetah __knowledge__ The cheetah is characterised by a slender body, deep chest, spotted coat, small rounded head, black tear-like streaks on the face, long thin legs and long spotted tail.", "Cheetah __knowledge__ Its lightly built, slender form is in sharp contrast with the robust build of the big cats, making it more similar to the cougar.", "Concordia Language Villages __knowledge__ Concordia Language Villages (CLV), previously the International Language Villages, is a world-language and culture education program whose mission is to prepare young people for responsible citizenship in the global community.", "Concordia Language Villages __knowledge__ Since beginning in 1961, it has grown to offer summer camp in 15 modern languages and school-year weekend programs mostly for Spanish, French, and German program.", "Concordia Language Villages __knowledge__ Summer and winter programs are taught through a language and cultural immersion philosophy, which allows for experience-based learning.", "Concordia Language Villages __knowledge__ The Villages annually serves over 13,000 young people, aged 7–18, from every state of the US, as well as Canada and 31 other countries, and are sponsored by Concordia College of Moorhead, Minnesota, a private four-year liberal arts college of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.", "Boring, Oregon __knowledge__ Boring is an unincorporated community in Clackamas County, Oregon, United States.", "Boring, Oregon __knowledge__ It is located along Oregon Route 212 in the foothills of the Cascade mountain range, approximately southeast of downtown Portland.", "Boring, Oregon __knowledge__ Contemporarily a bedroom community, Boring is named after William Harrison Boring, a Union soldier and pioneer whose family first settled the area in 1856 in the Oregon Territory.", "Boring, Oregon __knowledge__ The community was officially platted in 1903 after the Portland Railway, Light and Power Company constructed an electric rail line, which operated from Portland to Cazadero.", "Boring, Oregon __knowledge__ The former railway is now part of the Springwater Corridor, a rail trail which begins in Boring and ends at the Eastbank Esplanade along the Willamette River in southeast Portland." ] ]

[ 1, 4, 5 ]

[ "I live in a rural area outside of the city of LA. ", "It get's boring sometimes because of the low population density.", "Yes, although sometimes we go pick fruits and vegetables in the agricultural areas around us." ]

[ "Rural area", "Rural area", "Rural area" ]

[ "Karaoke", "I love it too! It's fun!", "Do you know any professional Karaoke singers?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The term \"karaoke\" is also used by recording engineers to refer to an instrumental version of a recording (i.e., to a version of a recording with no vocal track).", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The concept of creating studio recordings that lack the lead vocal has been around for nearly as long as recording itself.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ Many artists, amateur and professional, perform in situations where a full band/orchestra is either logistically or financially impractical, so they use a \"karaoke\" recording; they are, however, the original artists.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ (This is not to be confused with \"lip synching,\" in which a performer mimes to a previously produced studio recording with the lead vocal intact.)", "Karaoke __knowledge__ From 1961–1966, the American TV network NBC carried a karaoke-like series, \"Sing Along with Mitch\", featuring host Mitch Miller and a chorus, which superimposed the lyrics to their songs near the bottom of the TV screen for home audience participation.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The primary difference between Karaoke and sing-along songs is the absence of the lead vocalist.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ Sing-alongs (present since the beginning of singing) fundamentally changed with the introduction of new technology.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ In the late 1960s and into the 1970s, stored audible materials began to dominate the music recording industry and revolutionized the portability and ease of use of band and instrumental music by musicians and entertainers as the demand for entertainers increased globally." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The term \"karaoke\" is also used by recording engineers to refer to an instrumental version of a recording (i.e., to a version of a recording with no vocal track).", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The concept of creating studio recordings that lack the lead vocal has been around for nearly as long as recording itself.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ Many artists, amateur and professional, perform in situations where a full band/orchestra is either logistically or financially impractical, so they use a \"karaoke\" recording; they are, however, the original artists.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ (This is not to be confused with \"lip synching,\" in which a performer mimes to a previously produced studio recording with the lead vocal intact.)", "Karaoke __knowledge__ From 1961–1966, the American TV network NBC carried a karaoke-like series, \"Sing Along with Mitch\", featuring host Mitch Miller and a chorus, which superimposed the lyrics to their songs near the bottom of the TV screen for home audience participation.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The primary difference between Karaoke and sing-along songs is the absence of the lead vocalist.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ Sing-alongs (present since the beginning of singing) fundamentally changed with the introduction of new technology.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ In the late 1960s and into the 1970s, stored audible materials began to dominate the music recording industry and revolutionized the portability and ease of use of band and instrumental music by musicians and entertainers as the demand for entertainers increased globally.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California, in 1961.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The group's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson; their cousin Mike Love; and their friend Al Jardine.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ Distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The band drew on the music of jazz-based vocal groups, 1950s rock and roll, and black R&B to create their unique sound, and with Brian as producer, composer, and de facto leader, they pioneered novel approaches to popular music form and production.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ He later arranged his compositions for studio orchestras and explored a variety of other styles, often incorporating classical or jazz elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "Fun Home __knowledge__ Fun Home: A Family Tragicomic is a 2006 graphic memoir by the American cartoonist Alison Bechdel, author of the comic strip \"Dykes to Watch Out For\".", "Fun Home __knowledge__ It chronicles the author's childhood and youth in rural Pennsylvania, United States, focusing on her complex relationship with her father.", "Fun Home __knowledge__ The book addresses themes of sexual orientation, gender roles, suicide, emotional abuse, dysfunctional family life, and the role of literature in understanding oneself and one's family.", "Fun Home __knowledge__ Writing and illustrating \"Fun Home\" took seven years, in part because of Bechdel's laborious artistic process, which includes photographing herself in poses for each human figure.", "Mike Love __knowledge__ Michael Edward Love (born March 15, 1941) is an American singer, songwriter, and musician who co-founded the Beach Boys.", "Mike Love __knowledge__ Characterized by his nasal, sometimes baritone singing, Love has been one of the band's vocalists and lyricists for most of their career, contributing to each of their studio albums.", "Mike Love __knowledge__ He is often regarded as a malign figure in the band's history, a reputation he acknowledges: \"For those who believe that Brian [Wilson] walks on water, I will always be the Antichrist.\"", "Mike Love __knowledge__ In the 1960s, Love collaborated with Wilson and was a lyricist on singles including \"Fun, Fun, Fun\" (1964), \"California Girls\" (1965), and \"Good Vibrations\" (1966).", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Fun Fun __knowledge__ Fun Fun were a popular Italian Italo disco musical group during the 1980s.", "Fun Fun __knowledge__ Their hits included \"Colour My Love\" and \"Baila Bolero\".", "Fun Fun __knowledge__ Producers Dario Raimondi and Alvaro Ugolini teamed up with studio vocalists Antonella Pepe, Angela Parisi and Ivana Spagna to create a bouncy, high-energy, dancefloor-friendly sound.", "Fun Fun __knowledge__ Their first release, 1983's \"Happy Station\", found success in Italy and other parts of Europe, thanks to several extended versions, including the notorious \"Scratch\" version.", "Fun Fun __knowledge__ It also reached number 1 in South Africa.", "Fun Fun __knowledge__ Upon receiving invitations for live performances, Raimondi and Ugolini decided to use models for Fun Fun's public image rather than the vocalists themselves, a common tactic used in the European dance music scene by artists like Baltimora and The Real McCoy.", "Fun (band) __knowledge__ Fun (stylized as fun.)", "Fun (band) __knowledge__ were an American pop rock band based in New York City.", "Fun (band) __knowledge__ The band was formed by Nate Ruess (former lead singer of The Format), with Andrew Dost (of Anathallo), and Jack Antonoff (of Steel Train and Bleachers).", "Fun (band) __knowledge__ Fun has released two albums: \"Aim and Ignite\" in August 2009 and \"Some Nights\" in February 2012.", "Fun (band) __knowledge__ The band is best known for three hit singles from \"Some Nights\": Grammy Award-winning \"We Are Young\" (featuring Janelle Monáe), \"Some Nights\", and \"Carry On\".", "Fun (band) __knowledge__ \"We Are Young\" reached number one on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and Digital Songs charts.", "Fun (band) __knowledge__ It also peaked at number one in the United Kingdom.", "My Way killings __knowledge__ The \"My Way\" killings are a social phenomenon in the Philippines, referring to a number of fatal disputes which arose due to the singing of the song \"My Way\", popularized by Frank Sinatra (peaking at #27 on Billboard Hot 100 in 1969), in karaoke bars.", "My Way killings __knowledge__ A \"New York Times\" article estimates the number of killings to be about six up to 2010.", "My Way killings __knowledge__ Another source estimates at least 12 between 2002–2012.", "My Way killings __knowledge__ Opinions differ over whether the possible connection is due to the coincidence that the song was simply frequently sung amid the nation's karaoke bars where violence is common or to the aggressive lyrics of the song itself.", "Karaoke Revolution __knowledge__ Karaoke Revolution and its many sequels are video games for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Nintendo GameCube, Wii, Xbox, and Xbox 360, developed by Harmonix and Blitz Games and published by Konami in its Bemani line of music games.", "Karaoke Revolution __knowledge__ The Original Concept for Karaoke Revolution was created by Scott Hawkins and Sneaky Rabbit Studios.", "Karaoke Revolution __knowledge__ Technology and concepts from the game were subsequently incorporated into Harmonix's game \"Rock Band\".", "Karaoke Revolution __knowledge__ The Japanese versions of the game are developed by Konami themselves.", "Karaoke Revolution __knowledge__ The gameplay also differs significantly.", "Karaoke Revolution __knowledge__ Rather than a game per se, it is merely a karaoke system for the PlayStation 2, with no judgments.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.", "Music __knowledge__ The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the \"color\" of a musical sound).", "Music __knowledge__ Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments.", "List of Karaoke Revolution songs __knowledge__ This article provides a list of songs featured in the \"Karaoke Revolution\" series of games.", "List of Karaoke Revolution songs __knowledge__ 632 songs are in the game \"Note: These songlists include the names of the artists who most famously recorded the song.", "List of Karaoke Revolution songs __knowledge__ The songs as they appear in the game are covers, with the exceptions being the song \"Dance Like There's No Tomorrow\", which is the master recording of the Paula Abdul song, and 10 original Mowtown songs in the Xbox version of Karaoke Revolution\" \"Note: Italics denotes a \"locked\" song, requiring certain requirements to be met in order to be accessed.\"", "List of Karaoke Revolution songs __knowledge__ Note: Italics denotes a \"locked\" song, requiring certain requirements to be met in order to be accessed.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "David Tukhmanov __knowledge__ David Fyodorovich Tukhmanov PAR (, was born on July 20, 1940, in Moscow, USSR) is a Soviet and Russian composer.", "David Tukhmanov __knowledge__ People's Artist of Russia (2000), State Prize of Russian Federation (2003).", "David Tukhmanov __knowledge__ Tukhmanov is the son of the engineer, the Armenian Fyodor Davidovich Tukhmanov and the teacher of music Vera Anatolyevna Karasyova.", "David Tukhmanov __knowledge__ He had engaged in music under the direction of mother and wrote first piece of music (\"Lezginka\"), when he was four years old.", "David Tukhmanov __knowledge__ Then he finished Gnesins musical school (1958) and composer's branch of Gnesins Musical College (1963).", "David Tukhmanov __knowledge__ His degree's work was the oratorio for soloists, chorus and an orchestra \"Distance After Distance\", which is based on fragments of the big poem by Alexander Tvardovsky." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The term \"karaoke\" is also used by recording engineers to refer to an instrumental version of a recording (i.e., to a version of a recording with no vocal track).", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The concept of creating studio recordings that lack the lead vocal has been around for nearly as long as recording itself.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ Many artists, amateur and professional, perform in situations where a full band/orchestra is either logistically or financially impractical, so they use a \"karaoke\" recording; they are, however, the original artists.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ (This is not to be confused with \"lip synching,\" in which a performer mimes to a previously produced studio recording with the lead vocal intact.)", "Karaoke __knowledge__ From 1961–1966, the American TV network NBC carried a karaoke-like series, \"Sing Along with Mitch\", featuring host Mitch Miller and a chorus, which superimposed the lyrics to their songs near the bottom of the TV screen for home audience participation.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The primary difference between Karaoke and sing-along songs is the absence of the lead vocalist.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ Sing-alongs (present since the beginning of singing) fundamentally changed with the introduction of new technology.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ In the late 1960s and into the 1970s, stored audible materials began to dominate the music recording industry and revolutionized the portability and ease of use of band and instrumental music by musicians and entertainers as the demand for entertainers increased globally.", "The Singing Machine Company __knowledge__ The Singing Machine Company is a public company listed on the OTC Bulletin Board under the ticker symbol \"SMDM\".", "The Singing Machine Company __knowledge__ The Singing Machine Company is primarily engaged in the karaoke business including the development, production, marketing, and distribution of consumer karaoke audio equipment, accessories, music, musical instruments, and licensed youth electronic products.", "The Singing Machine Company __knowledge__ The Singing Machine Company (SMC) was originally incorporated in California in 1982 with a focus on professional and semi-professional karaoke equipment.", "The Singing Machine Company __knowledge__ In 1988 the Company began marketing karaoke equipment for home use.", "The Singing Machine Company __knowledge__ It is believed that SMD was the first company to introduce home karaoke products to the United States.", "Karaoke Revolution __knowledge__ Karaoke Revolution and its many sequels are video games for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Nintendo GameCube, Wii, Xbox, and Xbox 360, developed by Harmonix and Blitz Games and published by Konami in its Bemani line of music games.", "Karaoke Revolution __knowledge__ The Original Concept for Karaoke Revolution was created by Scott Hawkins and Sneaky Rabbit Studios.", "Karaoke Revolution __knowledge__ Technology and concepts from the game were subsequently incorporated into Harmonix's game \"Rock Band\".", "Karaoke Revolution __knowledge__ The Japanese versions of the game are developed by Konami themselves.", "Karaoke Revolution __knowledge__ The gameplay also differs significantly.", "Karaoke Revolution __knowledge__ Rather than a game per se, it is merely a karaoke system for the PlayStation 2, with no judgments.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.", "Music __knowledge__ The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the \"color\" of a musical sound).", "Music __knowledge__ Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments.", "List of Karaoke Revolution songs __knowledge__ This article provides a list of songs featured in the \"Karaoke Revolution\" series of games.", "List of Karaoke Revolution songs __knowledge__ 632 songs are in the game \"Note: These songlists include the names of the artists who most famously recorded the song.", "List of Karaoke Revolution songs __knowledge__ The songs as they appear in the game are covers, with the exceptions being the song \"Dance Like There's No Tomorrow\", which is the master recording of the Paula Abdul song, and 10 original Mowtown songs in the Xbox version of Karaoke Revolution\" \"Note: Italics denotes a \"locked\" song, requiring certain requirements to be met in order to be accessed.\"", "List of Karaoke Revolution songs __knowledge__ Note: Italics denotes a \"locked\" song, requiring certain requirements to be met in order to be accessed.", "My Way killings __knowledge__ The \"My Way\" killings are a social phenomenon in the Philippines, referring to a number of fatal disputes which arose due to the singing of the song \"My Way\", popularized by Frank Sinatra (peaking at #27 on Billboard Hot 100 in 1969), in karaoke bars.", "My Way killings __knowledge__ A \"New York Times\" article estimates the number of killings to be about six up to 2010.", "My Way killings __knowledge__ Another source estimates at least 12 between 2002–2012.", "My Way killings __knowledge__ Opinions differ over whether the possible connection is due to the coincidence that the song was simply frequently sung amid the nation's karaoke bars where violence is common or to the aggressive lyrics of the song itself.", "Thúy Nga Productions __knowledge__ Thúy Nga Inc. (dba Thúy Nga Productions & Thúy Nga Music) () is a Vietnamese-oriented entertainment company that produces \"Paris By Night\", as well as music CDs, musical specials, movies and films, magazines, audiobooks, posters, and calendars.", "Thúy Nga Productions __knowledge__ It is variously referred to as Thúy Nga Incorporated, Thúy Nga Paris, and \"Trung Tâm Thúy Nga\" (literally, Thúy Nga centre).", "Thúy Nga Productions __knowledge__ Thúy Nga is the most prestigious recording studio and music production in the overseas Vietnamese music world.", "Thúy Nga Productions __knowledge__ Thúy Nga Productions has been the symbol of success the overseas Vietnamese have achieved since the events in their country in 1975 that led to their diaspora.", "Music of Canadian cultures __knowledge__ Music of Canadian Cultures is a wide and diverse accumulation of music from many different individual communities all across Canada.", "Music of Canadian cultures __knowledge__ With Canada being vast in size, the country throughout its history has had regional music scenes.", "Music of Canadian cultures __knowledge__ The music of Canada has reflected the multi-cultural influences that have shaped the country.", "Music of Canadian cultures __knowledge__ First Nations people, the French, the British, the United States and many others nationalities have all made unique contributions to the musical heritage of Canada The First Nations people of Canada are of a number of diverse ethnic groups, each of which have their own musical traditions.", "Appropriation (music) __knowledge__ In music, appropriation is the use of borrowed elements (aspects or techniques) in the creation of a new piece.", "Appropriation (music) __knowledge__ Appropriation may be thought of as one of the placement of elements in new context, as for Gino Stefani who \"makes appropriation the chief criterion for his 'popular' definition of melody (Stefani 1987a).", "Appropriation (music) __knowledge__ Melody, he argues, is music 'at hand'; it is that dimension which the common musical competence extracts (often with little respect for the integrity of the source), appropriates and uses for a variety of purposes: singing, whistling, dancing, and so on.\"", "Appropriation (music) __knowledge__ (Middleton, p. 96) Thus elements may be placed in a different form, placed with new elements, or varied.", "Amateur radio __knowledge__ Amateur radio (also called ham radio) describes the use of radio frequency spectrum for purposes of non-commercial exchange of messages, wireless experimentation, self-training, private recreation, radiosport, contesting, and emergency communication.", "Amateur radio __knowledge__ The term \"amateur\" is used to specify \"a duly authorised person interested in radioelectric practice with a purely personal aim and without pecuniary interest;\" (either direct monetary or other similar reward) and to differentiate it from commercial broadcasting, public safety (such as police and fire), or professional two-way radio services (such as maritime, aviation, taxis, etc.).", "Royalty payment __knowledge__ A royalty is a payment made by one party, the licensee or franchisee to another that owns a particular asset, the licensor or franchisor for the right to ongoing use of that asset.", "Royalty payment __knowledge__ Royalties are typically agreed upon as a percentage of gross or net revenues derived from the use of an asset or a fixed price per unit sold of an item of such, but there are also other modes and metrics of compensation.", "Royalty payment __knowledge__ A royalty interest is the right to collect a stream of future royalty payments.", "Royalty payment __knowledge__ A license agreement defines the terms under which a resource or property are licensed by one party to another, either without restriction or subject to a limitation on term, business or geographic territory, type of product, etc." ] ]

[ 6, 3, 5 ]

[ "I love Karaoke singing! The difference between Karaoke and sing-along songs is that there is no lead vocalist in Karaoke", "Interestingly, many amateur and professional music artists use Karaoke recordings!", "No, unfortunately I don't - but there used to be a tv show called Sing Along with Mitch that was a karaoke-like series! I'm old enough to remember it!" ]

[ "Karaoke", "Karaoke", "Karaoke" ]

[ "London", "No, but it's on my to-do list! I would love to visit a lot of countries, actually", "Anything historically cool about Londons (besides what you just mentioned of course)?", "Hah! What would happen if they galloped past the Royal Patrol I wonder..." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "London __knowledge__ London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.", "London __knowledge__ Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia.", "London __knowledge__ It was founded by the Romans, who named it \"Londinium\".", "London __knowledge__ London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries.", "London __knowledge__ Since at least the 19th century, \"London\" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, a region governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.", "London __knowledge__ London is a leading global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transportation.", "London __knowledge__ It is the world's largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world.", "London __knowledge__ London is often regarded as a world cultural capital.", "London __knowledge__ It is the world's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic.", "London __knowledge__ It is the world's leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "London __knowledge__ London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.", "London __knowledge__ Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia.", "London __knowledge__ It was founded by the Romans, who named it \"Londinium\".", "London __knowledge__ London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries.", "London __knowledge__ Since at least the 19th century, \"London\" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, a region governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.", "London __knowledge__ London is a leading global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transportation.", "London __knowledge__ It is the world's largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world.", "London __knowledge__ London is often regarded as a world cultural capital.", "London __knowledge__ It is the world's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic.", "London __knowledge__ It is the world's leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city.", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ This article describes the foreign policy positions taken by Donald Trump during his 2016 presidential campaign.", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ In a \"New York Times\" interview in July 2016, Presidential Nominee Trump \"repeatedly defined American global interests almost purely in economic terms,\" with the nation's \"roles as a peacekeeper, as a provider of a nuclear deterrent against adversaries like North Korea, as an advocate of human rights and as a guarantor of allies' borders\" being \"quickly reduced to questions of economic benefit to the United States.\"", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ A 68-page document likely written by and under the direction of the Trump administration's national security adviser, Lt. Gen. H.R.", "The Hobbit (film series) __knowledge__ The Hobbit is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson.", "The Hobbit (film series) __knowledge__ They are based on the 1937 novel \"The Hobbit\" by J. R. R. Tolkien, with large portions of the trilogy inspired by the appendices to \"The Return of the King\", which expand on the story told in \"The Hobbit\", as well as new material and characters written especially for the films.", "The Hobbit (film series) __knowledge__ Together they act as a prequel to Jackson's \"The Lord of the Rings\" film trilogy.", "The Hobbit (film series) __knowledge__ The films are subtitled \"\" (2012), \"\" (2013), and \"\" (2014).", "The Hobbit (film series) __knowledge__ The screenplay was written by Fran Walsh, Philippa Boyens, Jackson, and Guillermo del Toro, who was originally chosen to direct before his departure from the project.", "Gavin & Stacey __knowledge__ Gavin & Stacey is a British sitcom that follows the long-distance relationship of Gavin Shipman (Mathew Horne) from Billericay in Essex, England, and Stacey West (Joanna Page) from Barry in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales.", "Gavin & Stacey __knowledge__ The writers of the show, actors James Corden and Ruth Jones, also co-star as Gavin and Stacey's friends, Smithy and Nessa.", "Gavin & Stacey __knowledge__ Other prominent cast members include Alison Steadman and Larry Lamb, who play Gavin's parents, Pam and Mick, and Melanie Walters and Rob Brydon, who portray Stacey's mother, Gwen, and her uncle, Bryn.", "Gavin & Stacey __knowledge__ The show was produced by Baby Cow Productions for BBC Wales.", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Santa Barbara\" cast and characters.", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ The following characters are notable for their actions or relationships and/or part of a notable family from the series, who warrant their own articles.", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ The following are notable characters who do not warrant their own articles.", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ \"Rupert Ravens (July 30, 1984-November 28, 1986)\" Danny, Santana's younger brother, was part of the very first teen set on the show.", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ Danny and his friends sought fame in Hollywood and even opened a hotel.", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ He was involved with Jade Perkins, but their relationship was eventually phased out.", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ By 1985 Danny was almost forgotten.", "Nobody But a Fool (Would Love You) __knowledge__ \"Nobody But a Fool (Would Love You)\" is a song written by Bill Anderson and released as a single by American country artist Connie Smith.", "Nobody But a Fool (Would Love You) __knowledge__ It was the second single spawned from her 1966 album \"Miss Smith Goes to Nashville\" and was produced by Bob Ferguson.", "Nobody But a Fool (Would Love You) __knowledge__ The single was released in January 1966 by RCA Victor and peaked within the Top 5 on the \"Billboard Magazine\" country music singles chart, becoming her fifth Top 10 hit in a row.", "Nobody But a Fool (Would Love You) __knowledge__ \"Nobody But a Fool (Would Love You)\" was the fourth single Smith recorded by Bill Anderson.", "Nobody But a Fool (Would Love You) __knowledge__ The song was recorded October 14, 1965 along with the songs, \"Same as Mine\", \"I'll Never Get Over Loving You\", and \"Holdin' On\".", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon Anne Mitchell (also Watts and Rickman) is a fictional character from the BBC One soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Letitia Dean.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon is one of \"EastEnders\" original characters, appearing in the first episode broadcast on 19 February 1985.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ The character was conceptualised by Tony Holland and Julia Smith, the creators of \"EastEnders\".", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon was a teenager when the programme began: the adoptive daughter of Den and Angie Watts.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon remained a prominent character into the 1990s due to romantic pairings with brothers Grant (Ross Kemp) and Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden).", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ In a long-running storyline dubbed \"Sharongate\", Sharon, married to Grant, has an affair with Phil.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ \"Neighbours\" is an Australian television soap opera.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ It was first broadcast on 18 March 1985 and currently airs on digital channel Eleven.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the soap in 2012, by order of first appearance.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ Until May, characters were introduced by the soap's executive producer, Susan Bower.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ Thereafter, they were introduced by her successor, Richard Jasek.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ The 28th season of \"Neighbours\" began airing on 9 January 2012.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ Four piece indie band William and the Tells made their debut as Red Cotton in the same month, while Toby Wallace made his debut as Corey O'Donahue.", "History of London __knowledge__ London, the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, has a history going back over 2,000 years.", "History of London __knowledge__ During that time it has grown to one of the world's most significant financial and cultural capital cities.", "History of London __knowledge__ It has withstood plague, devastating fire, civil war, aerial bombardment, terrorist attacks, and rioting.", "History of London __knowledge__ The City of London, often referred to simply as \"the City\", is Greater London's historic core and today is its primary financial district, though it now represents just a tiny part of the wider metropolis.", "History of London __knowledge__ According to the legendary \"Historia Regum Britanniae\", by Geoffrey of Monmouth, London was founded by Brutus of Troy about 1000–1100 B.C.", "History of England __knowledge__ England became inhabited more than 800,000 years ago, as the discovery of flint tools and footprints at Happisburgh in Norfolk has revealed.", "History of England __knowledge__ The earliest evidence for early modern humans in North West Europe, a jawbone discovered in Devon at Kents Cavern in 1927, was re-dated in 2011 to between 41,000 and 44,000 years old.", "History of England __knowledge__ Continuous human habitation in England dates to around 13,000 years ago (see Creswellian), at the end of the last glacial period.", "History of England __knowledge__ The region has numerous remains from the Mesolithic, Neolithic, and Bronze Age, such as Stonehenge and Avebury.", "History of England __knowledge__ In the Iron Age, England, like all of Britain south of the Firth of Forth, was inhabited by the Celtic people known as the Britons, including some Belgic tribes (e.g.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture and education are important aspects of British culture.", "Global financial system __knowledge__ The global financial system is the worldwide framework of legal agreements, institutions, and both formal and informal economic actors that together facilitate international flows of financial capital for purposes of investment and trade financing.", "Global financial system __knowledge__ Since emerging in the late 19th century during the first modern wave of economic globalization, its evolution is marked by the establishment of central banks, multilateral treaties, and intergovernmental organizations aimed at improving the transparency, regulation, and effectiveness of international markets.", "Global financial system __knowledge__ In the late 1800s, world migration and communication technology facilitated unprecedented growth in international trade and investment.", "United Kingdom __knowledge__ The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe.", "United Kingdom __knowledge__ Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the UK includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands.", "United Kingdom __knowledge__ Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland.", "United Kingdom __knowledge__ Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world.", "England __knowledge__ England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.", "England __knowledge__ It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west.", "England __knowledge__ The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest.", "England __knowledge__ England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south.", "England __knowledge__ The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller named islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.", "England __knowledge__ The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but takes its name from the Angles, a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula, who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "London __knowledge__ London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.", "London __knowledge__ Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia.", "London __knowledge__ It was founded by the Romans, who named it \"Londinium\".", "London __knowledge__ London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries.", "London __knowledge__ Since at least the 19th century, \"London\" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, a region governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.", "London __knowledge__ London is a leading global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transportation.", "London __knowledge__ It is the world's largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world.", "London __knowledge__ London is often regarded as a world cultural capital.", "London __knowledge__ It is the world's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic.", "London __knowledge__ It is the world's leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city.", "4th (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment __knowledge__ The 4th (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Royal Fusiliers) was a Volunteer unit of Britain's Territorial Army (TA) recruited from East London.", "4th (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment __knowledge__ During World War I it raised four battalions, which carried out garrison duty in Malta and Egypt, served at Gallipoli and against the Senussi, and saw a great deal of action on the Western Front, notably in the Attack on the Gommecourt Salient in 1916, at Bullecourt in 1917 and at Oppy Wood and Chipilly Ridge in 1918.", "4th (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment __knowledge__ During World War II it served as an anti-aircraft regiment in the Battle of France and during the Blitz in 1940 and in North West Europe in 1944–45.", "3rd (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment __knowledge__ The 3rd (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Royal Fusiliers) was a volunteer unit of the British Army under various titles from 1860 to 1961.", "3rd (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment __knowledge__ Originally raised from railwaymen, the battalion sent a detachment to the Second Boer War and several battalions fought in World War I.", "3rd (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment __knowledge__ Shortly before World War II it became a searchlight unit and defended the UK during the Blitz, remaining in the air defence role in the postwar Territorial Army.", "3rd (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment __knowledge__ The enthusiasm for the Volunteer movement following an invasion scare in 1859 saw the creation of many Rifle Volunteer Corps (RVCs) composed of part-time soldiers eager to supplement the Regular British Army in time of need.", "7th (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment __knowledge__ The 7th (City of London) Battalion of the London Regiment was a volunteer unit of the British Army from 1860 until 1961.", "7th (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment __knowledge__ Recruited from London working men, it sent volunteers to the Second Boer War, saw extensive service on the Western Front during World War I, and defended the United Kingdom as a searchlight regiment during World War II.", "7th (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment __knowledge__ An invasion scare in 1859 led to the creation of the Volunteer Movement in Britain.", "7th (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment __knowledge__ One of the movement's leaders was the journalist, playwright and poet Alfred Bate Richards, who convened a meeting at St Martin's Hall, Long Acre, London, on 16 April 1859 that led the War Office to authorise the recruitment of Rifle Volunteer Corps (RVCs).", "173rd (3/1st London) Brigade __knowledge__ The 173rd (3/1st London) Brigade was a formation of the Territorial Force of the British Army.", "173rd (3/1st London) Brigade __knowledge__ raised in 1915.", "173rd (3/1st London) Brigade __knowledge__ It was assigned to the 58th (2/1st London) Division and served on the Western Front during World War I.", "173rd (3/1st London) Brigade __knowledge__ Its humber was used for a deception formation during World War II.", "173rd (3/1st London) Brigade __knowledge__ When the Territorial Force (TF) was created in 1908, the 1st London Brigade in 1st London Division comprised the first four battalions of the new London Regiment, each of which had previously been a Volunteer battalion of the Royal Fusiliers (the City of London Regiment).", "173rd (3/1st London) Brigade __knowledge__ After World War I broke out in 1914, the 1st London Brigade was the first complete TF formation to go overseas on service, relieving the Regular Army garrison of Malta.", "City of London Rifles __knowledge__ The City of London Rifles (CLR) was a volunteer regiment of the British Army, originally raised as the 'Printers' Battalion'.", "City of London Rifles __knowledge__ It saw a great deal of action as an infantry regiment in World War I.", "City of London Rifles __knowledge__ During World War II it served in the air defence role, first as a searchlight regiment in the United Kingdom, and later as an anti-aircraft artillery regiment in .", "City of London Rifles __knowledge__ The 2nd City of London Rifle Volunteer Corps (RVC), founded in 1860, was one of many RVCs raised as a result of an invasion scare the previous year.", "City of London Rifles __knowledge__ Based in Little New Street and recruiting in the Fleet Street and Farringdon Road area of the City of London, it was known as the 'Printers’ Battalion', drawing volunteers mainly from the nearby printing works of Eyre & Spottiswoode; later two companies were provided by Harmsworth's Associated Newspapers, publisher of the \"Daily Mail\".", "169th (3rd London) Brigade __knowledge__ The 169th (3rd London) Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army that saw active service in both the First and the Second World Wars.", "169th (3rd London) Brigade __knowledge__ Throughout its existence the brigade, serving under numerous many different titles and designations, was an integral part of the 56th (London) Infantry Division.", "169th (3rd London) Brigade __knowledge__ It served on the Western Front (World War I) and in the North African and Italian campaigns during World War II.", "169th (3rd London) Brigade __knowledge__ The Volunteer Force of part-time soldiers was created following an invasion scare in 1859, and its constituent units were progressively aligned with the Regular British Army as the 19th Century progressed.", "2/1st London Brigade __knowledge__ The 2/1st London Brigade was a 2nd Line formation of the Territorial Force of the British Army.", "2/1st London Brigade __knowledge__ It was formed at the start of World War I and served in overseas garrisons in Malta and Egypt.", "2/1st London Brigade __knowledge__ Although it never saw action as a formation, its constituent battalions fought at Gallipoli and served against the Senussi tribesmen.", "2/1st London Brigade __knowledge__ The brigade was then sent to the Western Front where it was broken up to provide drafts for 1st Line units.", "2/1st London Brigade __knowledge__ When the Territorial Force (TF) was created in 1908, the 1st London Brigade in 1st London Division comprised the first four battalions of the new London Regiment, each of which had previously been a Volunteer battalion of the Royal Fusiliers (the City of London Regiment).", "Londinium __knowledge__ Londinium was a settlement established on the current site of the City of London around  43.", "Londinium __knowledge__ Its bridge over the River Thames turned the city into a road nexus and major port, serving as a major commercial centre in Roman Britain until its abandonment during the 5th century.", "Londinium __knowledge__ Following its foundation in the mid-1st century, early Londinium occupied the relatively small area of , roughly equivalent to the size of present-day Hyde Park, with a fortified garrison on one of its hills.", "Londinium __knowledge__ In the year 60 or 61, the rebellion of the Iceni under Boudica forced the garrison to abandon the settlement, which was then razed.", "City of London __knowledge__ The City of London is a city and county that contains the historic centre and the primary central business district (CBD) of London.", "City of London __knowledge__ It constituted most of London from its settlement by the Romans in the 1st century AD to the Middle Ages, but the agglomeration has since grown far beyond the City's borders.", "City of London __knowledge__ The City is now only a tiny part of the metropolis of London, though it remains a notable part of central London.", "City of London __knowledge__ Administratively, it forms one of the 33 local authority districts of Greater London; however, the City of London is not a London borough, a status reserved for the other 32 districts (including London's only other city, the City of Westminster).", "Roman Britain __knowledge__ Roman Britain ( or, later, \"\", \"the Britains\") was the area of the island of Great Britain that was governed by the Roman Empire, from 43 to 410 AD.", "Roman Britain __knowledge__ Julius Caesar invaded Britain in 55 and 54 BC as part of his Gallic Wars.", "Roman Britain __knowledge__ The Britons had been overrun or culturally assimilated by other Celtic tribes during the British Iron Age and had been aiding Caesar's enemies.", "Roman Britain __knowledge__ He received tribute, installed a friendly king over the Trinovantes, and returned to Gaul.", "Roman Britain __knowledge__ Planned invasions under Augustus were called off in 34, 27, and 25 BC.", "Roman Britain __knowledge__ In 40 AD, Caligula assembled 200,000 men at the Channel, only to have them gather seashells.", "History of London __knowledge__ London, the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, has a history going back over 2,000 years.", "History of London __knowledge__ During that time it has grown to one of the world's most significant financial and cultural capital cities.", "History of London __knowledge__ It has withstood plague, devastating fire, civil war, aerial bombardment, terrorist attacks, and rioting.", "History of London __knowledge__ The City of London, often referred to simply as \"the City\", is Greater London's historic core and today is its primary financial district, though it now represents just a tiny part of the wider metropolis.", "History of London __knowledge__ According to the legendary \"Historia Regum Britanniae\", by Geoffrey of Monmouth, London was founded by Brutus of Troy about 1000–1100 B.C.", "Battle of Watling Street __knowledge__ The Battle of Watling Street took place in Roman-occupied Britain in AD 60 or 61 between an alliance of indigenous British peoples led by Boudica and a Roman army led by Gaius Suetonius Paulinus.", "Battle of Watling Street __knowledge__ Although heavily outnumbered, the Romans decisively defeated the allied tribes, inflicting heavy losses on them.", "Battle of Watling Street __knowledge__ The battle marked the end of resistance to Roman rule in Britain in the southern half of the island, a period that lasted until 410 AD.", "Battle of Watling Street __knowledge__ Historians are dependent on Roman sources for accounts of the battle.", "Battle of Watling Street __knowledge__ The precise location is not known, but most historians place it between Londinium and Viroconium (Wroxeter in Shropshire), on the Roman Road now known as Watling Street.", "Boudica __knowledge__ Boudica or Boudicca (Latinised as Boadicea or Boudicea , and known in Welsh as ) was a queen of the British Celtic Iceni tribe who led an uprising against the occupying forces of the Roman Empire in AD 60 or 61, and died shortly after its failure.", "Boudica __knowledge__ She is considered a British folk hero.", "Boudica __knowledge__ Boudica's husband, Prasutagus, ruled as a nominally independent ally of Rome and left his kingdom jointly to his daughters and the Roman emperor in his will.", "Boudica __knowledge__ However, when he died, his will was ignored, and the kingdom was annexed.", "Boudica __knowledge__ According to Tacitus, Boudica was flogged and her daughters raped.", "Boudica __knowledge__ Cassius Dio provides an alternative explanation for Boudica's response, saying that previous imperial donations to influential Britons were confiscated and the Roman financier and philosopher Seneca called in the loans he had forced on the reluctant Britons." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "London __knowledge__ London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.", "London __knowledge__ Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia.", "London __knowledge__ It was founded by the Romans, who named it \"Londinium\".", "London __knowledge__ London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries.", "London __knowledge__ Since at least the 19th century, \"London\" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, a region governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.", "London __knowledge__ London is a leading global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transportation.", "London __knowledge__ It is the world's largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world.", "London __knowledge__ London is often regarded as a world cultural capital.", "London __knowledge__ It is the world's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic.", "London __knowledge__ It is the world's leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city.", "Ticklish Reuben __knowledge__ \"Ticklish Reuben\" is a folk song written by Cal Stewart in 1900.", "Ticklish Reuben __knowledge__ Released on the Victor Label, the song is a prime example of the \"laughing song\" genre.", "Ticklish Reuben __knowledge__ Initially, the tune starts off normally, then descends into an abyss of maniacal, sinister laughing.", "Ticklish Reuben __knowledge__ \"Oh\", \"My name is Ticklish Reuben\" \"From way down in old Vermont\" \"And ev'rything seems ticklish to me\" \"I've been tickled by a feather\" \"I've been tickled by a wasp\" \"I've been tickled by a yellow bumblebee\" \"I have always got a tickled sort of way about my clothes\" \"It doesn't really matter where I be\" \"I am tickled in the morning and I'm tickled in the night\" \"Something's always sure to tickle me\" \"hah hah hah hah hah hah hah hah hah hah hah hah hah hah\" \"hah hah hah hah hah hah hah hah hah hah\" \"Once I put some pepper into Dad's snuffbox\" \"And the way he acted was a sight to see\" \"Well he coughed and he sneezed till I thought he'd have a fit\" \"And then he took me out to tickle me\" \"I was always getting tickled by someone about the house\" \"So why they take to ticklin' I could never see\" \"And the apple-butter paddle it is all in splinters now\" \"Daddy wore it out a-ticklin' me\"", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appear in \"\".", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are listed in alphabetical order.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Most characters are seen in their classic appearance (Catwoman, Green Arrow), while others (Blue Beetle) have their current costume.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Some have even been re-imagined for the show (the Outsiders).", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are described below using in-universe tone.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ 'Mazing Man is a short man who dresses up as a superhero.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ In the \"Kitty Catastrophe\" segment of \"Four Star Spectacular\", he is the accident-prone catsitter for a couple named Owen and Fiona.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ It is apparent that Batman is his favorite superhero and the inspiration for his costume.", "Canterbury Mounted Rifles Regiment __knowledge__ The Canterbury Mounted Rifles Regiment was a mounted infantry regiment from New Zealand, raised for service during the First World War.", "Canterbury Mounted Rifles Regiment __knowledge__ It was assigned to the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade, and formed part of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force.", "Canterbury Mounted Rifles Regiment __knowledge__ The regiment, with an establishment of twenty-six officers, 523 other ranks and 600 horses, was formed from three squadrons belonging to pre-war Territorial Force regiments: the 1st Mounted Rifles (Canterbury Yeomanry Cavalry), the 8th (South Canterbury) Mounted Rifles and the 10th (Nelson) Mounted Rifles.", "Canterbury Mounted Rifles Regiment __knowledge__ It also included a small headquarters and, until 1916, a Maxim machine-gun section.", "Wellington Mounted Rifles Regiment __knowledge__ The Wellington Mounted Rifles Regiment was a mounted infantry regiment from New Zealand, raised for service during the First World War.", "Wellington Mounted Rifles Regiment __knowledge__ It was assigned to the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade, part of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force.", "Wellington Mounted Rifles Regiment __knowledge__ The regiment, with an establishment of twenty-six officers, 523 other ranks and 600 horses, was formed from three squadrons belonging to pre war Territorial Force regiments; the Queen Alexandra's 2nd (Wellington West Coast) Mounted Rifles, the 6th (Manawatu) Mounted Rifles and the 9th (Wellington East Coast) Mounted Rifles.", "Wellington Mounted Rifles Regiment __knowledge__ It also included a small headquarters and, until 1916, a Maxim machine-gun section.", "History of Seattle before white settlement __knowledge__ History of Seattle before white settlement Prior to white settlement, thirteen prominent villages existed in what is now the city of Seattle.", "History of Seattle before white settlement __knowledge__ The people living near Elliott Bay, and along the Duwamish, Black and Cedar Rivers were collectively known as the \"doo-AHBSH\", or People of the \"Doo\" (\"Inside\").", "History of Seattle before white settlement __knowledge__ Four prominent villages existed near what is now Elliott Bay and the (then-estuarial) lower Duwamish River.", "History of Seattle before white settlement __knowledge__ Before civil engineers rechanneled the Duwamish, the area had extensive tidelands, and had an abundance of seafoods.", "History of Seattle before white settlement __knowledge__ The people living around Lake Washington were collectively known as \"hah-choo-AHBSH\" or \"hah-chu-AHBSH\" or \"Xacuabš\", People of \"HAH-choo\" or \"Xachu\", \"People of a Large Lake\" or \"Lake People\".", "Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiment __knowledge__ The Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiment was a mounted infantry regiment from New Zealand raised, in August 1914, for service during the First World War.", "Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiment __knowledge__ It was assigned to the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade, part of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force.", "Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiment __knowledge__ The regiment was established with twenty-six officers, 523 other ranks and 600 horses.", "Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiment __knowledge__ It was formed from three squadrons belonging to pre war Territorial Force regiments: the 3rd (Auckland) Mounted Rifles, the 4th (Waikato) Mounted Rifles and the 11th (North Auckland) Mounted Rifles.", "Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiment __knowledge__ It included a small headquarters and, until 1916, a Maxim machine-gun section.", "Iroquois mythology __knowledge__ Much of the mythology of the Iroquois (a confederacy of originally Five, later Six Nations of Native Americans) has been lost.", "Iroquois mythology __knowledge__ Some of their religious stories have been preserved, including creation stories and some folktales.", "Iroquois mythology __knowledge__ Written down later, the spellings of names differed, and different versions of many stories exist reflecting both different localities and different times.", "Iroquois mythology __knowledge__ It is possible that the versions that were recorded were influenced by Christianity.", "Iroquois mythology __knowledge__ Each village had its own storyteller who was responsible for learning all the stories by heart.", "Iroquois mythology __knowledge__ No stories were ever told during the summer months.", "Pavel Grudinin presidential campaign, 2018 __knowledge__ The 2018 presidential campaign of Pavel Grudinin, CEO of the Lenin State Farm and former Member of the Moscow Oblast Duma, was announced at the Communist Party congress on 23 December 2017.", "Pavel Grudinin presidential campaign, 2018 __knowledge__ In December 2016, the First Secretary of the Communist party Gennady Zyuganov said that the Communist party has 21 potential candidates for the 2018 presidential elections.", "Pavel Grudinin presidential campaign, 2018 __knowledge__ Among these candidates was Pavel Grudinin.", "Pavel Grudinin presidential campaign, 2018 __knowledge__ Despite the fact that on 7 November 2017, Zyuganov said his nomination was supported by all leftist forces and he would participate in the elections on behalf of the party, the Zhigulyovsk branch of the party voted to supported the candidacy of Pavel Grudinin, who also won the primaries of Left Front, a coalition of left-wing parties with no representation in the State Duma.", "Khmer Loeu __knowledge__ Khmer Loeu (), is the collective name given to the various indigenous ethnic groups residing in the highlands of Cambodia.", "Khmer Loeu __knowledge__ The Khmer Loeu are found mainly in the northeastern provinces of Ratanakiri, Stung Treng, and Mondulkiri.", "Khmer Loeu __knowledge__ Most of the highland groups are Mon-Khmer peoples and are distantly related, to one degree or another, to the Khmer.", "Khmer Loeu __knowledge__ Two of the Khmer Loeu groups are Chamic peoples, a branch of the Austronesian peoples, and have a very different linguistic and cultural background.", "Khmer Loeu __knowledge__ The Mon–Khmer-speaking tribes are the aboriginal inhabitants of mainland Southeast Asia, their ancestors having trickled into the area from the northwest during the prehistoric metal ages.", "Ratanakiri Province __knowledge__ Ratanakiri, officially Ratanak Kiri ( ), is a province of northeast Cambodia.", "Ratanakiri Province __knowledge__ It borders the provinces of Mondulkiri to the south and Stung Treng to the west and the countries of Laos and Vietnam to the north and east, respectively.", "Ratanakiri Province __knowledge__ The province extends from the mountains of the Annamite Range in the north, across a hilly plateau between the Tonle San and Tonle Srepok rivers, to tropical deciduous forests in the south.", "Ratanakiri Province __knowledge__ In recent years, logging and mining have scarred Ratanakiri's environment, long known for its beauty.", "Ratanakiri Province __knowledge__ For over a millennium, Ratanakiri has been occupied by the highland Khmer Loeu people, who are a minority elsewhere in Cambodia.", "Russian presidential election, 2018 __knowledge__ The 2018 Russian presidential election will take place on 18 March 2018.", "Russian presidential election, 2018 __knowledge__ The first round will be held on Sunday 18 March 2018.", "Russian presidential election, 2018 __knowledge__ If in the first round no candidate attains an absolute majority of the votes (more than half), then according to the law, a second round will take place exactly three weeks later, on 8 April 2018.", "Russian presidential election, 2018 __knowledge__ On 6 December 2017, the incumbent, President Vladimir Putin, announced that he will seek re-election for a second consecutive term and fourth term overall.", "Russian presidential election, 2018 __knowledge__ Putin is widely expected to win, and has consistently scored higher than 40%, and often much higher, in opinion polls since the last presidential election.", "Pavel Grudinin __knowledge__ Pavel Nikolayevich Grudinin (; 20 October 1960 in Moscow) is a Russian politician and entrepreneur.", "Pavel Grudinin __knowledge__ Grudinin is the Communist Party's candidate for the 2018 Russian presidential election.", "Pavel Grudinin __knowledge__ Pavel Grudinin was born in 1960 in Moscow.", "Pavel Grudinin __knowledge__ He says he is of Russian origin and had a Jewish grandfather.", "Pavel Grudinin __knowledge__ In 1961 the Grudinin family moved to work in the Leninsky District.", "Pavel Grudinin __knowledge__ After graduating from school in 1977 he entered the Moscow State Agroengineering University as a mechanical engineer, and graduated in 1982.", "Pavel Grudinin __knowledge__ After graduating he began working at the Lenin State Farm (sovkhoz), where many members of his family had already been employed.", "Medieval warfare __knowledge__ Medieval warfare is the European warfare of the Middle Ages.", "Medieval warfare __knowledge__ Technological, cultural, and social developments had forced a dramatic transformation in the character of warfare from antiquity, changing military tactics and the role of cavalry and artillery.", "Medieval warfare __knowledge__ In terms of fortification, the Middle Ages saw the emergence of the castle in Europe, which then spread to Western Asia.", "Medieval warfare __knowledge__ Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus wrote \"De re militari (Concerning Military Matters)\" possibly in the late 4th century.", "Medieval warfare __knowledge__ Described by historian Walter Goffart as \"the bible of warfare throughout the Middle Ages\", \"De re militari\" was widely distributed through the Latin West." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 4, 8 ]

[ "Have you been to London? It is the capital of England", "Me too! London was actually founded by the Romans. They named it Londinium", "Its ancient core still retains its medieval boundaries! It would be cool to see knights walking around", "Probably would be quite the show since it is regarded as a world cultural capital" ]

[ "London", "London", "London", "London" ]

[ "The Rolling Stones\nMy favorite band is the Rolling Stones, I absolutely love rock! how about you?", "I believe so, I just love the rhythm of their songs as well as the attitude. What's your favorite band?", "Yes, Rock & Roll is one of the best types of music, though I also prefer Hip-hop, as well as some pop songs. ", "Bob Dylan is one of my favorites! How could I forget about him? Though, I do like his songs much more than I like his artwork.", "Very true, but he did do a lot of work to speak for the younger generation in the 1960's, that's one of the reasons I like him so much!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London, England in 1962.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The first stable line-up consisted of Brian Jones (guitar, harmonica), Mick Jagger (lead vocals), Keith Richards (guitar, backing vocals), Bill Wyman (bass), Charlie Watts (drums), and Ian Stewart (piano).", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued as a touring member until his death in 1985.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Jones left the band less than a month prior to his death in 1969, having already been replaced by Mick Taylor, who remained until 1974.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ After Taylor left the band, Ronnie Wood took his place in 1975 and has been on guitar in tandem with Richards ever since.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Following Wyman's departure in 1993, Darryl Jones joined as their touring bassist.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Touring keyboardists for the band have been Nicky Hopkins (1967–1982), Ian McLagan (1978–1981), Billy Preston (through the mid-1970s) and Chuck Leavell (1982–present).", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The band was first led by Brian Jones, but after developing into the band's songwriters, Jagger and Richards assumed leadership while Jones dealt with legal and personal troubles.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The Rolling Stones were at the forefront of the British Invasion of bands that became popular in the United States in 1964, and identified with the youthful and rebellious counterculture of the 1960s.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Sir Michael Philip Jagger, (born 26 July 1943) is an English singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, composer and actor who gained fame as the lead singer and one of the founder members of the Rolling Stones.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Jagger's career has spanned over five decades, and he has been described as \"one of the most popular and influential frontmen in the history of rock & roll\".", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ His distinctive voice and performances, along with Keith Richards' guitar style have been the trademark of the Rolling Stones throughout the band's career.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Jagger gained press notoriety for his admitted drug use and romantic involvements, and was often portrayed as a countercultural figure.", "I Love Rock 'n' Roll __knowledge__ \"I Love Rock 'n' Roll\" is a rock song written in 1975 by Alan Merrill of the Arrows, who recorded the first released version.", "I Love Rock 'n' Roll __knowledge__ The song was later made famous by Joan Jett & the Blackhearts in 1982.", "I Love Rock 'n' Roll __knowledge__ Alan Merrill still plays the song live in Europe, Japan and most often in his home town New York City.", "I Love Rock 'n' Roll __knowledge__ The song was originally recorded and released by the Arrows in 1975 on Rak Records, with lead vocals, guitar, music & lyrics written by Alan Merrill and produced by Mickie Most.", "I Love Rock 'n' Roll __knowledge__ In an interview with Songfacts, Merrill said he wrote it as \"a knee-jerk response to the Rolling Stones' 'It's Only Rock 'n Roll (But I Like It)'.\"", "Keith Richards __knowledge__ Keith Richards (born 18 December 1943), sometimes credited as Keith Richard, is an English singer-songwriter, composer, and actor, best known as a guitarist and founder member of the Rolling Stones.", "Keith Richards __knowledge__ \"Rolling Stone\" magazine called Richards \"rock's greatest single body of riffs\" on guitar and ranked him fourth on its list of 100 best guitarists in 2011, and the magazine lists fourteen songs that Richards wrote with the Rolling Stones' lead vocalist Mick Jagger on its \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\".", "Keith Richards __knowledge__ Richards plays both lead and rhythm guitar parts, often in the same song, as the Stones are generally known for their guitar interplay of rhythm and lead (\"weaving\") between Richards and the other guitarist in the band (Brian Jones (1962–1969), Mick Taylor (1969–1975), and Ronnie Wood (1975–present)).", "Brian Jones __knowledge__ Lewis Brian Hopkin Jones (28 February 1942 – 3 July 1969) was an English musician, best known as founder and the original leader of the Rolling Stones.", "Brian Jones __knowledge__ Initially a slide guitarist, Jones would go on to play a wide variety of instruments on Rolling Stones recordings and in concerts, such as rhythm and lead guitar, various keyboard instruments such as piano and organ, marimba, harmonica, sitar, wind instruments such as recorder, saxophone, oboe, and numerous others.", "Brian Jones __knowledge__ Jones and fellow guitarist Keith Richards developed a unique style of guitar play that Richards refers to as the \"ancient art of weaving\" where both players would play both rhythm and lead parts together; Richards would carry the style on with later Stones guitarists and the sound would become a Rolling Stones trademark.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk rock (or \"punk\") is a rock music genre that developed in the mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as \"proto-punk\" music, punk rock bands rejected perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk embraces a DIY ethic; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through independent record labels and other informal channels.", "Alice Cooper __knowledge__ Alice Cooper (born Vincent Damon Furnier; February 4, 1948) is an American singer, songwriter, and actor whose career spans over five decades.", "Alice Cooper __knowledge__ With his distinctive raspy voice and a stage show that features guillotines, electric chairs, fake blood, deadly snakes, baby dolls, and dueling swords, Cooper is considered by music journalists and peers alike to be \"The Godfather of Shock Rock\".", "Alice Cooper __knowledge__ He has drawn equally from horror films, vaudeville, and garage rock to pioneer a macabre and theatrical brand of rock designed to shock people.", "Alice Cooper __knowledge__ Originating in Phoenix, Arizona, in the late 1960s after he moved from Detroit, Michigan, \"Alice Cooper\" was originally a band consisting of Furnier on vocals and harmonica, lead guitarist Glen Buxton, Michael Bruce on rhythm guitar, Dennis Dunaway on bass guitar, and drummer Neal Smith." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London, England in 1962.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The first stable line-up consisted of Brian Jones (guitar, harmonica), Mick Jagger (lead vocals), Keith Richards (guitar, backing vocals), Bill Wyman (bass), Charlie Watts (drums), and Ian Stewart (piano).", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued as a touring member until his death in 1985.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Jones left the band less than a month prior to his death in 1969, having already been replaced by Mick Taylor, who remained until 1974.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ After Taylor left the band, Ronnie Wood took his place in 1975 and has been on guitar in tandem with Richards ever since.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Following Wyman's departure in 1993, Darryl Jones joined as their touring bassist.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Touring keyboardists for the band have been Nicky Hopkins (1967–1982), Ian McLagan (1978–1981), Billy Preston (through the mid-1970s) and Chuck Leavell (1982–present).", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The band was first led by Brian Jones, but after developing into the band's songwriters, Jagger and Richards assumed leadership while Jones dealt with legal and personal troubles.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The Rolling Stones were at the forefront of the British Invasion of bands that became popular in the United States in 1964, and identified with the youthful and rebellious counterculture of the 1960s.", "Earth, Wind & Fire __knowledge__ Earth, Wind & Fire (EWF) is an American band that has spanned the musical genres of R&B, soul, funk, jazz, disco, pop, rock, Latin, and African.", "Earth, Wind & Fire __knowledge__ They were one of the most successful bands of 1970s.", "Earth, Wind & Fire __knowledge__ \"Rolling Stone\" called them \"innovative, precise yet sensual, calculated yet galvanizing\" and declared that the band \"changed the sound of black pop\".", "Earth, Wind & Fire __knowledge__ The band was founded in Chicago by Maurice White in 1970, having grown out of a previous band known as the Salty Peppers.", "Earth, Wind & Fire __knowledge__ Other members have included Philip Bailey, Verdine White, Fred White, Ralph Johnson, Larry Dunn, Al McKay and Andrew Woolfolk.", "Earth, Wind & Fire __knowledge__ The band has received 20 Grammy nominations; they won six as a group and two of its members, Maurice White and Bailey, won separate individual awards.", "Myles Kennedy __knowledge__ Myles Richard Kennedy (born Myles Richard Bass; November 27, 1969) is an American musician, singer, and songwriter, best known as the lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the rock band Alter Bridge, and as the lead vocalist in guitarist Slash's backing band, known as Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators.", "Myles Kennedy __knowledge__ A former guitar instructor from Spokane, Washington, he has worked as a session musician and songwriter, making both studio and live appearances with several artists, and has been involved with several projects throughout his career.", "Myles Kennedy __knowledge__ Born in Boston, Massachusetts, and raised in Northern Idaho and Spokane, Kennedy attended Spokane Falls Community College to study music theory.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk rock (or \"punk\") is a rock music genre that developed in the mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as \"proto-punk\" music, punk rock bands rejected perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk embraces a DIY ethic; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through independent record labels and other informal channels.", "Maroon 5 __knowledge__ Maroon 5 is an American pop rock band that originated in Los Angeles, California.", "Maroon 5 __knowledge__ It currently consists of lead vocalist Adam Levine, keyboardist and rhythm guitarist Jesse Carmichael, bassist Mickey Madden, lead guitarist James Valentine, drummer Matt Flynn, keyboardist PJ Morton and multi-instrumentalist Sam Farrar.", "Maroon 5 __knowledge__ Original members Adam Levine, Jesse Carmichael, Mickey Madden and drummer Ryan Dusick first came together as Kara's Flowers in 1994, while they were still in high school.", "Maroon 5 __knowledge__ The band self-released an album called \"We Like Digging?", "Maroon 5 __knowledge__ \", then signed to Reprise Records and released the album \"The Fourth World\" in 1997.", "List of Black Flag band members __knowledge__ Black Flag is an American hardcore punk band formed in 1976 in Hermosa Beach, California by Greg Ginn, the band's guitarist, primary songwriter, and sole constant member.", "List of Black Flag band members __knowledge__ During Black Flag's ten-year existence, the band went through sixteen distinct lineups involving seventeen different musicians.", "List of Black Flag band members __knowledge__ Aside from Ginn, the longest-lasting members were singer Henry Rollins (5 years), bassist Chuck Dukowski (4½ years), and drummer Roberto \"Robo\" Valverde (3 years).", "List of Black Flag band members __knowledge__ The 1983–1985 lineup of Ginn, Rollins, bassist Kira Roessler, and drummer Bill Stevenson recording four albums and three EPs together in a sixteen-month period.", "Greatest Hits: God's Favorite Band __knowledge__ Greatest Hits: God's Favorite Band is a greatest hits album by the American punk rock band Green Day, released on November 17, 2017.", "Greatest Hits: God's Favorite Band __knowledge__ \"God's Favorite Band\" features 20 of Green Day's previous hits, as well as 2 new songs: a new version of the \"Revolution Radio\" track \"Ordinary World\", featuring country singer Miranda Lambert, and a previously unreleased song entitled \"Back in the USA\".", "Greatest Hits: God's Favorite Band __knowledge__ The album includes songs from all of Green Day's studio albums, with the exception of \"39/Smooth\", \"¡Dos!", "Greatest Hits: God's Favorite Band __knowledge__ \", and \"¡Tré!\".", "Greatest Hits: God's Favorite Band __knowledge__ 10 of the tracks previously appeared on Green Day's 2001 greatest hits album \"International Superhits!\"", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica is an American heavy metal band from Los Angeles, California.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band was formed in 1981 by drummer Lars Ulrich and vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band's fast tempos, instrumentals and aggressive musicianship made them one of the founding \"big four\" bands of thrash metal, alongside Megadeth, Anthrax and Slayer.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica's current lineup comprises founding members Hetfield and Ulrich, longtime lead guitarist Kirk Hammett and bassist Robert Trujillo.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Guitarist Dave Mustaine (who formed Megadeth) and bassists Ron McGovney, Cliff Burton and Jason Newsted are former members of the band.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as \"rock and roll\" in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and in the United States.", "Rock music __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues, and from country music.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical styles.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Musically, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Sir Michael Philip Jagger, (born 26 July 1943) is an English singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, composer and actor who gained fame as the lead singer and one of the founder members of the Rolling Stones.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Jagger's career has spanned over five decades, and he has been described as \"one of the most popular and influential frontmen in the history of rock & roll\".", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ His distinctive voice and performances, along with Keith Richards' guitar style have been the trademark of the Rolling Stones throughout the band's career.", "Mick Jagger __knowledge__ Jagger gained press notoriety for his admitted drug use and romantic involvements, and was often portrayed as a countercultural figure.", "Seven Ages of Rock __knowledge__ Seven Ages of Rock (also known as 7 Ages of Rock) is a BBC Two series, co-produced by BBC Worldwide and VH1 Classic in 2007 about the history of rock music.", "Seven Ages of Rock __knowledge__ It comprised six 60-minute episodes (reduced to 48 minutes for VH1 Classic), with a final episode of 90 minutes, and was broadcast on Saturdays at 21:00 (repeated on BBC One on Sundays).", "Seven Ages of Rock __knowledge__ Each episode focused on one type of rock music, each typified by one or two artists or bands.", "Seven Ages of Rock __knowledge__ The series producer was William Naylor, and the executive producer for the BBC was Michael Poole, a former editor of the 1990s BBC music, arts and culture programme \"The Late Show\".", "Like a Rolling Stone __knowledge__ \"Like a Rolling Stone\" is a 1965 song by the American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan.", "Like a Rolling Stone __knowledge__ Its confrontational lyrics originated in an extended piece of verse Dylan wrote in June 1965, when he returned exhausted from a grueling tour of England.", "Like a Rolling Stone __knowledge__ Dylan distilled this draft into four verses and a chorus.", "Like a Rolling Stone __knowledge__ \"Like a Rolling Stone\" was recorded a few weeks later as part of the sessions for the forthcoming album \"Highway 61 Revisited\".", "Like a Rolling Stone __knowledge__ During a difficult two-day preproduction, Dylan struggled to find the essence of the song, which was demoed without success in 3/4 time.", "Like a Rolling Stone __knowledge__ A breakthrough was made when it was tried in a rock music format, and rookie session musician Al Kooper improvised the organ riff for which the track is known.", "Keith Richards __knowledge__ Keith Richards (born 18 December 1943), sometimes credited as Keith Richard, is an English singer-songwriter, composer, and actor, best known as a guitarist and founder member of the Rolling Stones.", "Keith Richards __knowledge__ \"Rolling Stone\" magazine called Richards \"rock's greatest single body of riffs\" on guitar and ranked him fourth on its list of 100 best guitarists in 2011, and the magazine lists fourteen songs that Richards wrote with the Rolling Stones' lead vocalist Mick Jagger on its \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\".", "Keith Richards __knowledge__ Richards plays both lead and rhythm guitar parts, often in the same song, as the Stones are generally known for their guitar interplay of rhythm and lead (\"weaving\") between Richards and the other guitarist in the band (Brian Jones (1962–1969), Mick Taylor (1969–1975), and Ronnie Wood (1975–present))." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London, England in 1962.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The first stable line-up consisted of Brian Jones (guitar, harmonica), Mick Jagger (lead vocals), Keith Richards (guitar, backing vocals), Bill Wyman (bass), Charlie Watts (drums), and Ian Stewart (piano).", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued as a touring member until his death in 1985.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Jones left the band less than a month prior to his death in 1969, having already been replaced by Mick Taylor, who remained until 1974.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ After Taylor left the band, Ronnie Wood took his place in 1975 and has been on guitar in tandem with Richards ever since.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Following Wyman's departure in 1993, Darryl Jones joined as their touring bassist.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Touring keyboardists for the band have been Nicky Hopkins (1967–1982), Ian McLagan (1978–1981), Billy Preston (through the mid-1970s) and Chuck Leavell (1982–present).", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The band was first led by Brian Jones, but after developing into the band's songwriters, Jagger and Richards assumed leadership while Jones dealt with legal and personal troubles.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The Rolling Stones were at the forefront of the British Invasion of bands that became popular in the United States in 1964, and identified with the youthful and rebellious counterculture of the 1960s.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Hip hop music, also called hip-hop or rap music, is a music genre developed in the United States by inner-city African Americans in the 1970s which consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records (or synthesized beats and sounds), and rhythmic beatboxing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ While often used to refer solely to rapping, \"hip hop\" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ European hip hop is hip hop music created by European musicians.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop is a style of music developed by African American and Caribbean communities in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ Due to this success, it has gained worldwide popularity, especially in Europe where many diverse and unique styles of hip hop have been created.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ This diversity is especially apparent in the forms of hip hop music and culture emanating from settler communities from Europe's former colonies and peripheries.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ In Denmark, Hip Hop rap music has been growing steadily more popular over the last fifteen years and began with Danish language acts such as MC Einar and Rockers by Choice, later on: less knowned Rip Rap & Rock, Flopstarz, Humleridderne and Faktaposen, The Danish way of doing rap music was topped in the 80's towards acceptance among the common people who did not listen to any rap music was with a rap song called: \"Rap Nu\" by the famed and beloved old Danish football commentator: Gunnar \"Nu\" Hansen.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The music of the United States reflects the country's multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ It is a mixture of music influenced by West African, Irish, Scottish and mainland European among others.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The country's most internationally renowned genres are jazz, blues, country, bluegrass, rock, rhythm and blues, soul, ragtime, hip hop, barbershop, pop, experimental, techno, house, dance, boogaloo, salsa, and rock and roll.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The United States has the world's largest music market with a total retail value of 4,898.3 million dollars in 2014, and its music is heard around the world.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained a near global audience.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop or hip-hop is a subculture and art movement developed in The Bronx in New York City during the late 1970s.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ The origins of the word are often disputed.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Some believe that the word was invented by Keith Cowboy of The Furious Five.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Others believe it was a derogatory name for the people who practise the art and wear the relative clothing.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ It is also argued as to whether hip hop started in the South or West Bronx.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ While the term \"hip hop\" is often used to refer exclusively to hip hop music (also called \"rap\"), hip hop is characterized by nine elements, however only four elements are considered most necessary to understand hip-hop musically.", "J-pop __knowledge__ J-pop (often stylized as J-POP; \"jeipoppu\"; an abbreviation for Japanese pop), natively also known simply as pops, is a musical genre that entered the musical mainstream of Japan in the 1990s.", "J-pop __knowledge__ Modern J-pop has its roots in traditional Japanese music, but significantly in 1960s pop and rock music, such as The Beatles and The Beach Boys, which led to Japanese rock bands such as Happy End fusing rock with Japanese music in the early 1970s.", "J-pop __knowledge__ J-pop was further defined by new wave groups in the late 1970s, particularly electronic synth-pop band Yellow Magic Orchestra and pop rock band Southern All Stars.", "American popular music __knowledge__ American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world.", "American popular music __knowledge__ The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture, including ragtime, blues, jazz, swing, rock, bluegrass, country, R&B, doo wop, gospel, soul, funk, heavy metal, punk, disco, house, techno, salsa, grunge and hip hop.", "American popular music __knowledge__ In addition, the American music industry is quite diverse, supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco, klezmer and slack-key.", "American popular music __knowledge__ Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century, and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music, using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ This article includes an overview of the major events and trends in popular music in the 2000s.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ The 2000s saw the creation or emergence of a few styles, such as indie-related genres such as Emo, Alternative R&B, and a multitude of new electronic subgenres, most notably Dubstep, Bass music and Moombahton, as well as genres that fused influences from past decades, mostly the 80s, into creating new styles such as Nu-disco and Hypnagogic pop.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ In fact convergence of different styles was one of the more defining features of the decade, as seen with the creation and commercial success of the British Grime genre and Trap music and Chillwave in the United States.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Bob Dylan (; born Robert Allen Zimmerman, May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, author, and painter, who has been an influential figure in popular music and culture for more than five decades.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when he became a reluctant \"voice of a generation\" with songs such as \"Blowin' in the Wind\" and \"The Times They Are a-Changin'\" that became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ In 1965, he controversially abandoned his early fan-base in the American folk music revival, recording a six-minute single, \"Like a Rolling Stone\", which enlarged the scope of popular music.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as \"rock and roll\" in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and in the United States.", "Rock music __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues, and from country music.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical styles.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Musically, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers.", "Bijan Jazani __knowledge__ Bijan Jazani (; 1938, Tehran – April 19, 1975) is a major figure among modern Iranian Socialist intellectuals.", "Bijan Jazani __knowledge__ Bijan Jazani was born to Hossien Jazani (حسین جزنی) and Alamtaj Kalantari Nazari (عالمتاج کلانتری نظری).", "Bijan Jazani __knowledge__ His parents' family, separately, began participating in the Tudeh party during a period of political freedom that started from the exile of Reza Shah until the overthrow of Mohammed Mossadegh.", "Bijan Jazani __knowledge__ The children of these two families became attracted to and then joined the Tudeh youth party.", "Bijan Jazani __knowledge__ Their activities in the party grew and later gained important responsibilities.", "Bijan Jazani __knowledge__ His father, who was a military officer, joined the Tudeh party in 1945.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The 2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\", \"Bama\" or \"The Tide\") represented the University of Alabama in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ It was the Crimson Tide's 117th overall and 78th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and its 20th within the SEC Western Division.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The team was led by head coach Nick Saban, in his fifth year, and played their home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ They finished the season with a record of twelve wins and one loss (12–1 overall, 7–1 in the SEC) and as consensus national champions.", "American rock __knowledge__ American rock is rock music from the United States.", "American rock __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, rhythm and blues, and country music, and also drew on folk music, jazz, blues, and classical music.", "American rock __knowledge__ American rock music was further influenced by the British Invasion of the American pop charts from 1964 and resulted in the development of garage rock.", "American rock __knowledge__ From the late 1960s and early 1970s, American rock music was highly influential in the development of a number of fusions, including blending with folk music to create folk rock, with blues to create blues rock, with country music to create country rock, roots rock and southern rock and with jazz to create jazz rock, all of which contributed to psychedelic rock.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk rock (or \"punk\") is a rock music genre that developed in the mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as \"proto-punk\" music, punk rock bands rejected perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk embraces a DIY ethic; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through independent record labels and other informal channels.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ Folk rock is a music genre combining elements of folk music and rock music.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ In its earliest and narrowest sense, the term referred to a genre that arose in the United States and the United Kingdom around the mid-1960s.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The genre emerged from bands such as the Beatles, the Searchers, and the Animals in the UK, and Bob Dylan and the Byrds in the US, who played traditional folk music and songs with rock instrumentation.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The term \"folk rock\" is first noted as being used by the U.S. music press in June 1965 to describe the Byrds' music; the band's debut album was released the same month.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The commercial success of the Byrds' 1965 cover version of Dylan's \"Mr. Tambourine Man\", along with Dylan's own recordings with rock instrumentation—on the albums \"Bringing It All Back Home\" (1965), \"Highway 61 Revisited\" (1965), and \"Blonde on Blonde\" (1966)—encouraged the creation of folk rock groups in the mid-1960s." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London, England in 1962.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The first stable line-up consisted of Brian Jones (guitar, harmonica), Mick Jagger (lead vocals), Keith Richards (guitar, backing vocals), Bill Wyman (bass), Charlie Watts (drums), and Ian Stewart (piano).", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued as a touring member until his death in 1985.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Jones left the band less than a month prior to his death in 1969, having already been replaced by Mick Taylor, who remained until 1974.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ After Taylor left the band, Ronnie Wood took his place in 1975 and has been on guitar in tandem with Richards ever since.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Following Wyman's departure in 1993, Darryl Jones joined as their touring bassist.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Touring keyboardists for the band have been Nicky Hopkins (1967–1982), Ian McLagan (1978–1981), Billy Preston (through the mid-1970s) and Chuck Leavell (1982–present).", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The band was first led by Brian Jones, but after developing into the band's songwriters, Jagger and Richards assumed leadership while Jones dealt with legal and personal troubles.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The Rolling Stones were at the forefront of the British Invasion of bands that became popular in the United States in 1964, and identified with the youthful and rebellious counterculture of the 1960s.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Bob Dylan (; born Robert Allen Zimmerman, May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, author, and painter, who has been an influential figure in popular music and culture for more than five decades.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when he became a reluctant \"voice of a generation\" with songs such as \"Blowin' in the Wind\" and \"The Times They Are a-Changin'\" that became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ In 1965, he controversially abandoned his early fan-base in the American folk music revival, recording a six-minute single, \"Like a Rolling Stone\", which enlarged the scope of popular music.", "The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan __knowledge__ The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, released on May 27, 1963 by Columbia Records.", "The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Whereas his self-titled debut album \"Bob Dylan\" had contained only two original songs, \"Freewheelin\" represented the beginning of Dylan's writing contemporary words to traditional melodies.", "The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Eleven of the thirteen songs on the album are Dylan's original compositions.", "The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan __knowledge__ The album opens with \"Blowin' in the Wind\", which became an anthem of the 1960s, and an international hit for folk trio Peter, Paul & Mary soon after the release of \"Freewheelin\".", "The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan __knowledge__ The album featured several other songs which came to be regarded as among Dylan's best compositions and classics of the 1960s folk scene: \"Girl from the North Country\", \"Masters of War\", \"A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall\" and \"Don't Think Twice, It's All Right\".", "It's All Over Now, Baby Blue __knowledge__ \"It's All Over Now, Baby Blue\" is a song written and performed by Bob Dylan and featured on his \"Bringing It All Back Home\" album, released on March 22, 1965 by Columbia Records (\"see\" 1965 in music).", "It's All Over Now, Baby Blue __knowledge__ The song was recorded on January 15, 1965 with Dylan's acoustic guitar and harmonica and William E. Lee's bass guitar the only instrumentation.", "It's All Over Now, Baby Blue __knowledge__ The lyrics were heavily influenced by Symbolist poetry and bid farewell to the titular \"Baby Blue.\"", "It's All Over Now, Baby Blue __knowledge__ There has been much speculation about the real life identity of \"Baby Blue\", with possibilites including Joan Baez, David Blue, Paul Clayton, Dylan's folk music audience, and even Dylan himself.", "Another Side of Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Another Side of Bob Dylan is the fourth studio album by American singer and songwriter Bob Dylan, released on August 8, 1964 by Columbia Records.", "Another Side of Bob Dylan __knowledge__ The album deviates from the more socially conscious style which Dylan had developed with his previous LP, \"The Times They Are A-Changin'\".", "Another Side of Bob Dylan __knowledge__ The change prompted criticism from some influential figures in the folk community – \"Sing Out!\"", "Another Side of Bob Dylan __knowledge__ editor Irwin Silber complained that Dylan had \"somehow lost touch with people\" and was caught up in \"the paraphernalia of fame\".", "Another Side of Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Despite the album's thematic shift, Dylan performed the entirety of \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\" as he had previous records – solo.", "Bringing It All Back Home __knowledge__ Bringing It All Back Home is the fifth studio album by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, released on March 22, 1965 by Columbia Records.", "Bringing It All Back Home __knowledge__ The album is divided into an electric and an acoustic side, although the acoustic side included some tracks in which other instruments were backing up Dylan and his guitar, but no drums were used.", "Bringing It All Back Home __knowledge__ On side one of the original LP, Dylan is backed by an electric rock and roll band—a move that further alienated him from some of his former peers in the folk music community.", "Bringing It All Back Home __knowledge__ Likewise, on the acoustic second side of the album, he distanced himself from the protest songs with which he had become closely identified (such as \"Blowin' in the Wind\" and \"A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall\"), as his lyrics continued their trend towards the abstract and personal.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ Folk rock is a music genre combining elements of folk music and rock music.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ In its earliest and narrowest sense, the term referred to a genre that arose in the United States and the United Kingdom around the mid-1960s.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The genre emerged from bands such as the Beatles, the Searchers, and the Animals in the UK, and Bob Dylan and the Byrds in the US, who played traditional folk music and songs with rock instrumentation.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The term \"folk rock\" is first noted as being used by the U.S. music press in June 1965 to describe the Byrds' music; the band's debut album was released the same month.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The commercial success of the Byrds' 1965 cover version of Dylan's \"Mr. Tambourine Man\", along with Dylan's own recordings with rock instrumentation—on the albums \"Bringing It All Back Home\" (1965), \"Highway 61 Revisited\" (1965), and \"Blonde on Blonde\" (1966)—encouraged the creation of folk rock groups in the mid-1960s.", "Blonde on Blonde __knowledge__ Blonde on Blonde is the seventh studio album by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, released in mid 1966, on Columbia Records.", "Blonde on Blonde __knowledge__ Recording sessions began in New York in October 1965 with numerous backing musicians, including members of Dylan's live backing band, the Hawks.", "Blonde on Blonde __knowledge__ Though sessions continued until January 1966, they yielded only one track that made it onto the final album—\"One of Us Must Know (Sooner or Later)\".", "Blonde on Blonde __knowledge__ At producer Bob Johnston's suggestion, Dylan, keyboardist Al Kooper, and guitarist Robbie Robertson moved to the CBS studios in Nashville, Tennessee.", "Blonde on Blonde __knowledge__ These sessions, augmented by some of Nashville's top session musicians, were more fruitful, and in February and March all the remaining songs for the album were recorded.", "Robbie Robertson __knowledge__ Jaime Royal \"Robbie\" Robertson, OC (born July 5, 1943), is a Canadian musician, songwriter, film composer, producer, actor, and author.", "Robbie Robertson __knowledge__ Robertson is best known for his work as lead guitarist and primary songwriter for The Band, and for his career as a solo recording artist.", "Robbie Robertson __knowledge__ His work with The Band was instrumental in creating the Americana music genre.", "Robbie Robertson __knowledge__ Robertson has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Canadian Music Hall of Fame as a member of The Band, and has been inducted to Canada's Walk of Fame, both with The Band and on his own.", "Robbie Robertson __knowledge__ He is ranked 59th in \"Rolling Stone\" magazine’s list of the 100 greatest guitarists.", "Woody Guthrie __knowledge__ Woodrow Wilson Guthrie (; July 14, 1912 – October 3, 1967) was an American singer-songwriter, one of the most significant figures in American folk music; his songs, including social justice songs, such as \"This Land Is Your Land\", have inspired several generations both politically and musically.", "Woody Guthrie __knowledge__ He wrote hundreds of political, folk, and children's songs, along with ballads and improvised works.", "Woody Guthrie __knowledge__ His album of songs about the Dust Bowl period, \"Dust Bowl Ballads\", is included on \"Mojo\" magazine's 100 Records That Changed The World.", "Woody Guthrie __knowledge__ Many of his recorded songs are archived in the Library of Congress." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London, England in 1962.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The first stable line-up consisted of Brian Jones (guitar, harmonica), Mick Jagger (lead vocals), Keith Richards (guitar, backing vocals), Bill Wyman (bass), Charlie Watts (drums), and Ian Stewart (piano).", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued as a touring member until his death in 1985.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Jones left the band less than a month prior to his death in 1969, having already been replaced by Mick Taylor, who remained until 1974.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ After Taylor left the band, Ronnie Wood took his place in 1975 and has been on guitar in tandem with Richards ever since.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Following Wyman's departure in 1993, Darryl Jones joined as their touring bassist.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Touring keyboardists for the band have been Nicky Hopkins (1967–1982), Ian McLagan (1978–1981), Billy Preston (through the mid-1970s) and Chuck Leavell (1982–present).", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The band was first led by Brian Jones, but after developing into the band's songwriters, Jagger and Richards assumed leadership while Jones dealt with legal and personal troubles.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The Rolling Stones were at the forefront of the British Invasion of bands that became popular in the United States in 1964, and identified with the youthful and rebellious counterculture of the 1960s.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Chinese Filipino __knowledge__ Chinese Filipinos (Filipino: \"Pilipinong Tsino\", \"Tsinoy\" or \"Intsik\" ) are Filipinos of Chinese descent, mostly born and raised in the Philippines.", "Chinese Filipino __knowledge__ Chinese Filipinos are one of the largest overseas Chinese communities in Southeast Asia.", "Chinese Filipino __knowledge__ There are approximately 1.5 million Filipinos with pure Chinese ancestry, or around 1.8% of the population.", "Chinese Filipino __knowledge__ In addition, Sangleys—Filipinos with at least some Chinese ancestry—comprise a substantial minority of the Philippine population, although the actual figures are not known.", "Chinese Filipino __knowledge__ Chinese Filpinos are a well established middle class ethnic group and are well represented in all levels of Filipino society.", "Peranakan __knowledge__ Peranakan Chinese or Straits-born Chinese are the descendants of Chinese immigrants who came to the Malay archipelago including British Malaya (now Malaysia and Singapore, where they are also referred to as Baba-Nyonya) and Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia; where they are also referred as Kiau-Seng) between the 15th and 17th centuries.", "Peranakan __knowledge__ Members of this community in Malaysia address themselves as \"Baba Nyonya\".", "Peranakan __knowledge__ Nyonya is the term for the women and Baba for the men.", "Peranakan __knowledge__ It applies especially to the Han populations of the British Straits Settlements of Malaya and the Dutch-controlled island of Java and other locations, who have adopted Nusantara customs — partially or in full — to be somewhat assimilated into the local communities.", "Puyi __knowledge__ Puyi or Pu Yi (; 7 February 190617 October 1967), of the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, was the last Emperor of China and the twelfth and final ruler of the Qing dynasty.", "Puyi __knowledge__ When he was a child, he reigned as the Xuantong Emperor (; Manchu: \"gehungge yoso hūwangdi\") in China and Khevt Yos Khaan in Mongolia from 1908 until his forced abdication on 12 February 1912, after the Xinhai Revolution.", "Puyi __knowledge__ From 1–12 July 1917, he was briefly restored to the throne as emperor by the warlord Zhang Xun.", "Puyi __knowledge__ In 1932 after the occupation of Manchuria, the state of Manchukuo was established by Japan, and he was chosen to become 'Emperor' of the new state using the era-name of Datong (Ta-tung).", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "Demographics of Sarawak __knowledge__ Sarawak's population is very diverse, comprising many races and ethnic groups.", "Demographics of Sarawak __knowledge__ Sarawak has more than 40 sub-ethnic groups, each with its own distinct language, culture and lifestyle.", "Demographics of Sarawak __knowledge__ This makes Sarawak demography very distinct and unique compared to its Peninsular counterpart.", "Demographics of Sarawak __knowledge__ Sarawak has more than 40 sub-ethnic groups, each with its own distinct language, culture and lifestyle.", "Demographics of Sarawak __knowledge__ Cities and larger towns are populated predominantly by Malays, Melanaus, Chinese, Indians and a smaller percentage of Ibans and Bidayuhs who have migrated from their home-villages for employment reasons.", "Demographics of Sarawak __knowledge__ In general, there are six major ethnic groups in Sarawak: Iban, Chinese, Malay, Bidayuh, Orang Ulu, Melanau and several minor ethnic groups placed collectively under 'Others', such as Indian, Eurasian, Kedayan, Javanese, Bugis, Murut and many more.", "Vayeira __knowledge__ Vayeira, Vayera, or ( — Hebrew for \"and He appeared,\" the first word in the parashah) is the fourth weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading.", "Vayeira __knowledge__ It constitutes .", "Vayeira __knowledge__ The parashah tells the stories of Abraham's three visitors and Abraham's bargaining with God over Sodom and Gomorrah, Lot's two visitors and Lot's bargaining with the Sodomites, the flight of Lot and the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, how Lot's daughters became pregnant by their father, how Abraham once again passed off his wife Sarah as his sister, the birth of Isaac, the expulsion of Hagar, disputes over wells, and the binding of Isaac (, the \"Akedah\").", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Bob Dylan (; born Robert Allen Zimmerman, May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, author, and painter, who has been an influential figure in popular music and culture for more than five decades.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when he became a reluctant \"voice of a generation\" with songs such as \"Blowin' in the Wind\" and \"The Times They Are a-Changin'\" that became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ In 1965, he controversially abandoned his early fan-base in the American folk music revival, recording a six-minute single, \"Like a Rolling Stone\", which enlarged the scope of popular music.", "Jon Anderson __knowledge__ John Roy Anderson (born 25 October 1944), known professionally as Jon Anderson, is a British-American singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist best known as the former lead singer of the progressive rock band Yes, which he co-founded in 1968 with bassist Chris Squire.", "Jon Anderson __knowledge__ He was a member of the band across three tenures between 1968 and 2008.", "Jon Anderson __knowledge__ Anderson is also noted for his solo career and collaborations with other artists, including Vangelis as Jon and Vangelis, Roine Stolt as Anderson/Stolt, and Jean-Luc Ponty as AndersonPonty Band.", "Jon Anderson __knowledge__ He has also appeared on albums by King Crimson, Tangerine Dream, and Iron Butterfly.", "Anthrax __knowledge__ Anthrax is an infection caused by the bacterium \"Bacillus anthracis\".", "Anthrax __knowledge__ It can occur in four forms: skin, lungs, intestinal, and injection.", "Anthrax __knowledge__ Symptoms begin between one day and two months after the infection is contracted.", "Anthrax __knowledge__ The skin form presents with a small blister with surrounding swelling that often turns into a painless ulcer with a black center.", "Anthrax __knowledge__ The inhalation form presents with fever, chest pain, and shortness of breath.", "Anthrax __knowledge__ The intestinal form presents with diarrhea which may contain blood, abdominal pains, and nausea and vomiting.", "Anthrax __knowledge__ The injection form presents with fever and an abscess at the site of drug injection.", "Gautam Joglekar __knowledge__ Gautam Joglekar is an Indian actor, director and writer, known for the award winning Hindi 1991 movie , & Marathi movies like Pak Pak Pakaak (2005), Nidaan (2000) and Shwet (2011).", "Gautam Joglekar __knowledge__ He is the son of Sai Paranjpye - India's noted director of award-winning movies and noted film/theatre actor Arun Joglekar.", "Gautam Joglekar __knowledge__ His sister Winnie was an actor in Hindi movies including Katha and Marathi serials.", "Gautam Joglekar __knowledge__ Gautam starred as the male lead in Nana Patekar's directorial venture \"Prahaar\" with Madhuri Dixit playing the female lead.", "Gautam Joglekar __knowledge__ He recently directed Jai Jai Maharashtra Maza starring Mahesh Manjrekar and Mrunal Kulkarni in 2012.", "The Basement Tapes __knowledge__ The Basement Tapes is a studio album by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan and The Band.", "The Basement Tapes __knowledge__ It was released on June 26, 1975, by Columbia Records and is Dylan's 16th studio album.", "The Basement Tapes __knowledge__ The songs featuring Dylan's vocals were recorded in 1967, eight years before the album's release, at Big Pink and other houses in and around Woodstock, New York, where Dylan and The Band lived.", "The Basement Tapes __knowledge__ Although most of the Dylan songs had appeared on bootleg records, \"The Basement Tapes\" marked the songs' first official release.", "The Basement Tapes __knowledge__ During his 1965-1966 world tour, Dylan was backed by a five-member rock group, The Hawks, who would later become famous as The Band.", "Suraiya __knowledge__ Suraiya Jamaal Sheikh (15 June 1929 – 31 January 2004), popularly known as Suraiya, was an Indian Punjabi Muslim Hindi/Hindustani film actress and playback singer in Bollywood from the 1940s to the early 1960s, who remained unmarried throughout her life, after her love affair with actor Dev Anand was aborted by her maternal grandmother.", "Suraiya __knowledge__ She was the most popular singing star of the Indian sub-continent of her generation.", "Suraiya __knowledge__ Until 1943, as a child singer, Suraiya did playback singing for one actress, namely Mehtab, in three films, and also in some of her own films for her roles as a child artiste.", "Suraiya __knowledge__ After this, she only sang for her own films as an actress, and acted as a heroine from 1946 until the end of her career in 1963." ] ]

[ 1, 42, 40, 11, 53 ]

[ "I love rock music, and i also like Rolling Stones, they are really famous, thay are an English band, right?", "i dont have a particular band, but my favorite genre is Rock&Roll", "Yes hip-hop is great also, i like Bob Dylan very much, he was a singer, songwriter and a painter :D", "Yes me too much of his most celebrated songs are form 1960's when he became the \"voice of a generation\"", "Yes my favorite songs are the times they are changin, and knocking on heaven's door" ]

[ "The Rolling Stones", "The Rolling Stones", "The Rolling Stones", "The Rolling Stones", "The Rolling Stones" ]

[ "Egyptian pyramids\ni would love to see the Egyptian pyramids", "its a work of art", "Most were built as tombs for the country's pharaohs and their consorts ", "As of November 2008, sources cite either 118 or 138 as the number of identified Egyptian pyramids.", "The pyramids of Egypt fascinated travellers and conquerors in ancient times and continue to inspire wonder in the tourists, mathematicians, and archeologists" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The Egyptian pyramids are ancient pyramid-shaped masonry structures located in Egypt.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ As of November 2008, sources cite either 118 or 138 as the number of identified Egyptian pyramids.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ Most were built as tombs for the country's pharaohs and their consorts during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The earliest known Egyptian pyramids are found at Saqqara, northwest of Memphis.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The earliest among these is the Pyramid of Djoser (constructed 2630 BC–2611 BC) which was built during the third dynasty.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ This pyramid and its surrounding complex were designed by the architect Imhotep, and are generally considered to be the world's oldest monumental structures constructed of dressed masonry.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The most famous Egyptian pyramids are those found at Giza, on the outskirts of Cairo.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ Several of the Giza pyramids are counted among the largest structures ever built.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The Pyramid of Khufu at Giza is the largest Egyptian pyramid.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ It is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World still in existence.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ By the time of the Early Dynastic Period, those with sufficient means were buried in bench-like structures known as mastabas.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The second historically-documented Egyptian pyramid is attributed to the architect Imhotep, who planned what Egyptologists believe to be a tomb for the pharaoh Djoser.", "Pyramid __knowledge__ A pyramid (from \"\") is a structure whose outer surfaces are triangular and converge to a single point at the top, making the shape roughly a pyramid in the geometric sense.", "Pyramid __knowledge__ The base of a pyramid can be trilateral, quadrilateral, or any polygon shape.", "Pyramid __knowledge__ As such, a pyramid has at least three outer triangular surfaces (at least four faces including the base).", "Pyramid __knowledge__ The square pyramid, with square base and four triangular outer surfaces, is a common version.", "Pyramid __knowledge__ A pyramid's design, with the majority of the weight closer to the ground, and with the pyramidion on top means that less material higher up on the pyramid will be pushing down from above.", "Pyramidology __knowledge__ Pyramidology (or pyramidism) is a term used, sometimes disparagingly, to refer to various pseudoscientific or religious speculations regarding pyramids, most often the Giza pyramid complex and the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt.", "Pyramidology __knowledge__ Some \"pyramidologists\" also concern themselves with the monumental structures of pre-Columbian America (such as Teotihuacan, the Mesoamerican Maya civilization, and the Inca of the South American Andes), and the temples of Southeast Asia.", "Pyramidology __knowledge__ Some pyramidologists claim that the Great Pyramid of Giza has encoded within it predictions for the exodus of Moses from Egypt, the crucifixion of Jesus, the start of World War I, the founding of modern-day Israel in 1948, and future events including the beginning of Armageddon; this was discovered by using what they call \"pyramid inches\" to calculate the passage of time where one British inch equals one solar year.", "Golden ratio __knowledge__ In mathematics, two quantities are in the golden ratio if their ratio is the same as the ratio of their sum to the larger of the two quantities.", "Golden ratio __knowledge__ The figure on the right illustrates the geometric relationship.", "Golden ratio __knowledge__ Expressed algebraically, for quantities \"a\" and \"b\" with \"a\" > \"b\" > 0, where the Greek letter phi (formula_2 or formula_3) represents the golden ratio.", "Golden ratio __knowledge__ It is an irrational number with a value of: The golden ratio is also called the golden mean or golden section (Latin: \"sectio aurea\").", "Golden ratio __knowledge__ Other names include extreme and mean ratio, medial section, divine proportion, divine section (Latin: \"sectio divina\"), golden proportion, golden cut, and golden number.", "Joseph's Granaries __knowledge__ Joseph's Granaries is a designation for the Egyptian pyramids often used by early travelers to the region.", "Joseph's Granaries __knowledge__ The notion of a granary (\"horreum\", ) being associated with the Hebrew patriarch Joseph derives from the account in Genesis 41, where “he gathered up all the food of the seven years when there was plenty in the land of Egypt, and stored up food in the cities ... And Joseph \"stored up grain in great abundance, like the sand of the sea\", until he ceased to measure it, for it could not be measured” (vv.", "Joseph's Granaries __knowledge__ 48-9, RSV).", "Joseph's Granaries __knowledge__ “So when the famine had spread over all the land, Joseph opened all the storehouses (\"\" Vulgate, LXX) and sold to the Egyptians”(v. 56).", "Egyptian pyramid construction techniques __knowledge__ There have been many hypotheses about the Egyptian pyramid construction techniques.", "Egyptian pyramid construction techniques __knowledge__ These techniques seem to have developed over time; later pyramids were not built the same way as earlier ones.", "Egyptian pyramid construction techniques __knowledge__ Most of the construction hypotheses are based on the idea that huge stones were carved with copper chisels from stone quarries, and these blocks were then dragged and lifted into position.", "Egyptian pyramid construction techniques __knowledge__ Disagreements chiefly concern the methods used to move and place the stones.", "Egyptian pyramid construction techniques __knowledge__ In addition to the many unresolved arguments about the construction techniques, there have been disagreements as to the kind of workforce used.", "Yanni __knowledge__ Yiannis Chryssomallis (, \"Giánnis Chrysomállis\"; born November 14, 1954), known professionally as Yanni ( ), is a Greek composer, keyboardist, pianist, and music producer who has spent his adult life in the United States.", "Yanni __knowledge__ Yanni continues to use the musical shorthand that he developed as a child, blending jazz, classical, soft rock, and world music to create predominantly instrumental works.", "Yanni __knowledge__ Although this genre of music was not well suited for commercial pop radio and music television, Yanni received international recognition by producing concerts at historic monuments and by producing videos that were broadcast on public television." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The Egyptian pyramids are ancient pyramid-shaped masonry structures located in Egypt.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ As of November 2008, sources cite either 118 or 138 as the number of identified Egyptian pyramids.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ Most were built as tombs for the country's pharaohs and their consorts during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The earliest known Egyptian pyramids are found at Saqqara, northwest of Memphis.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The earliest among these is the Pyramid of Djoser (constructed 2630 BC–2611 BC) which was built during the third dynasty.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ This pyramid and its surrounding complex were designed by the architect Imhotep, and are generally considered to be the world's oldest monumental structures constructed of dressed masonry.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The most famous Egyptian pyramids are those found at Giza, on the outskirts of Cairo.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ Several of the Giza pyramids are counted among the largest structures ever built.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The Pyramid of Khufu at Giza is the largest Egyptian pyramid.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ It is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World still in existence.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ By the time of the Early Dynastic Period, those with sufficient means were buried in bench-like structures known as mastabas.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The second historically-documented Egyptian pyramid is attributed to the architect Imhotep, who planned what Egyptologists believe to be a tomb for the pharaoh Djoser.", "History of painting __knowledge__ The history of painting reaches back in time to artifacts from pre-historic humans, and spans all cultures.", "History of painting __knowledge__ It represents a continuous, though periodically disrupted, tradition from Antiquity.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Across cultures, and spanning continents and millennia, the history of painting is an ongoing river of creativity, that continues into the 21st century.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Until the early 20th century it relied primarily on representational, religious and classical motifs, after which time more purely abstract and conceptual approaches gained favor.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Developments in Eastern painting historically parallel those in Western painting, in general, a few centuries earlier.", "Art __knowledge__ Art is a diverse range of human activities in creating visual, auditory or performing artifacts (artworks), expressing the author's imaginative or technical skill, intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power.", "Art __knowledge__ In their most general form these activities include the production of works of art, the criticism of art, the study of the history of art, and the aesthetic dissemination of art.", "Art __knowledge__ The oldest documented forms of art are visual arts, which include creation of images or objects in fields including today painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, and other visual media.", "Art __knowledge__ Architecture is often included as one of the visual arts; however, like the decorative arts, or advertising, it involves the creation of objects where the practical considerations of use are essential—in a way that they usually are not in a painting, for example.", "Western painting __knowledge__ The history of Western painting represents a continuous, though disrupted, tradition from antiquity until the present time.", "Western painting __knowledge__ Until the mid-19th century it was primarily concerned with representational and Classical modes of production, after which time more modern, abstract and conceptual forms gained favor.", "Western painting __knowledge__ Developments in Western painting historically parallel those in Eastern painting, in general a few centuries later.", "Western painting __knowledge__ African art, Islamic art, Indian art, Chinese art, and Japanese art each had a significant influence on Western art, and, eventually, vice versa.", "Western painting __knowledge__ Initially serving imperial, private, civic, and religious patronage, Western painting later found audiences in the aristocracy and the middle class.", "Jean Delville __knowledge__ Jean Delville (19 January 1867, Leuven – 19 January 1953, Forest, Brussels) was a Belgian symbolist painter, author, poet, polemicist, teacher, and Theosophist.", "Jean Delville __knowledge__ Delville was the leading exponent of the Belgian Idealist movement in art during the 1890s.", "Jean Delville __knowledge__ He held, throughout his life, the belief that art should be the expression of a higher spiritual truth and that it should be based on the principle of Ideal, or spiritual Beauty.", "Jean Delville __knowledge__ He executed a great number of paintings during his active career from 1887 to the end of the second World War (many now lost or destroyed) expressing his Idealist aesthetic.", "Visual arts in Israel __knowledge__ Visual arts in Israel refers to plastic art created in the Land of Israel/Palestine region, from the later part of the 19th century until today, or art created by Israeli artists.", "Visual arts in Israel __knowledge__ Visual art in Israel encompasses a wide spectrum of techniques, styles and themes reflecting a dialogue with Jewish art throughout the ages and attempts to formulate a national identity.", "Visual arts in Israel __knowledge__ Early art in the Land of Israel was mainly decorative art of a religious nature (primarily Jewish or Christian), produced for religious pilgrims, but also for export and local consumption.", "Visual arts in Israel __knowledge__ These objects included decorated tablets, embossed soaps, rubber stamps, etc., most of which were decorated with motifs from graphic arts.", "Art Deco __knowledge__ Art Deco, sometimes referred to as Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture and design that first appeared in France just before World War I.", "Art Deco __knowledge__ Art Deco influenced the design of buildings, furniture, jewelry, fashion, cars, movie theatres, trains, ocean liners, and everyday objects such as radios and vacuum cleaners.", "Art Deco __knowledge__ It took its name, short for \"Arts Décoratifs\", from the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes (International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts) held in Paris in 1925.", "Art Deco __knowledge__ It combined modernist styles with fine craftsmanship and rich materials.", "Psychology of art __knowledge__ The psychology of art is an interdisciplinary field that studies the perception, cognition and characteristics of art and its production.", "Psychology of art __knowledge__ For the use of art materials as a form of psychotherapy, see art therapy.", "Psychology of art __knowledge__ The psychology of art is related to architectural psychology and environmental psychology.", "Psychology of art __knowledge__ The work of Theodor Lipps, a Munich-based research psychologist, played an important role in the early development of the concept of \"art psychology\" in the early decade of the twentieth century.", "Psychology of art __knowledge__ His most important contribution in this respect was his attempt to theorize the question of Einfuehlung or \"empathy\", a term that was to become a key element in many subsequent theories of \"art psychology\".", "History of construction __knowledge__ The History of construction overlaps many other fields like structural engineering and relies on other branches of science like archaeology, history and architecture to investigate how the builders lived and recorded their accomplishments.", "History of construction __knowledge__ Those fields allow us to analyse constructed buildings and other structures built since prehistory, the tools used and the different uses of building materials.", "History of construction __knowledge__ History of building is evolving by different trends in time, marked by few key principles : durability of the materials used, the increasing of height and span, the degree of control exercised over the interior environment and finally the energy available to the construction process.", "Architecture of the United States __knowledge__ The architecture of the United States demonstrates a broad variety of architectural styles and built forms over the country's history of over four centuries of independence and former British rule.", "Architecture of the United States __knowledge__ Architecture in the United States is as diverse as its multicultural society and has been shaped by many internal and external factors and regional distinctions.", "Architecture of the United States __knowledge__ As a whole it represents a rich eclectic and innovative tradition.", "Architecture of the United States __knowledge__ The oldest surviving nonimported structures on the territory that is now known as the United States were made by the Ancient Pueblo People of the four corners region.", "Architecture of the United States __knowledge__ The Tiwa speaking people have inhabited Taos Pueblo continuously for over 1000 years.", "Egyptian pyramid construction techniques __knowledge__ There have been many hypotheses about the Egyptian pyramid construction techniques.", "Egyptian pyramid construction techniques __knowledge__ These techniques seem to have developed over time; later pyramids were not built the same way as earlier ones.", "Egyptian pyramid construction techniques __knowledge__ Most of the construction hypotheses are based on the idea that huge stones were carved with copper chisels from stone quarries, and these blocks were then dragged and lifted into position.", "Egyptian pyramid construction techniques __knowledge__ Disagreements chiefly concern the methods used to move and place the stones.", "Egyptian pyramid construction techniques __knowledge__ In addition to the many unresolved arguments about the construction techniques, there have been disagreements as to the kind of workforce used.", "Architecture of Finland __knowledge__ The architecture of Finland has a history spanning over 800 years, and while up until the modern era the architecture was strongly influenced by currents from Finland's two respective neighbouring ruling nations, Sweden and Russia, from the early 19th century onwards influences came directly from further afield; first when itinerant foreign architects took up positions in the country and then when the Finnish architect profession became established.", "Architecture of Finland __knowledge__ Also, Finnish architecture in turn has contributed significantly to several styles internationally, such as Jugendstil (or Art Nouveau), Nordic Classicism and Functionalism.", "Diébédo Francis Kéré __knowledge__ Diébédo Francis Kéré (born 1965) is an award-winning architect based in Berlin, Germany at Kéré Architecture.", "Diébédo Francis Kéré __knowledge__ Born in the village of Gando in Burkina Faso, he was the first child in the village to be sent to school.", "Diébédo Francis Kéré __knowledge__ Since qualifying as an architect at the Technical University of Berlin he has designed award-winning projects in Burkina Faso, Mali, Yemen and China, including the construction of a number of school buildings in the village of his birth.", "Diébédo Francis Kéré __knowledge__ He is a tenured professor at Harvard University and founder of the Association Schulbausteine für Gando.", "Diébédo Francis Kéré __knowledge__ Kéré was born in the village of Gando.", "Diébédo Francis Kéré __knowledge__ He was the first child in the village to be sent to school as his father, the village chief, wanted his eldest son to learn how to read and translate his letters.", "Indigenous architecture __knowledge__ The recent field of Indigenous Architecture refers to the study and practice of architecture of, for and by Indigenous people.", "Indigenous architecture __knowledge__ It is a field of study and practice in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Arctic area of Sápmi and many other countries where Indigenous people have a built tradition or aspire translate or to have their cultures translated in the built environment.", "Indigenous architecture __knowledge__ This sometimes has been extended to include landscape architecture and other designs for the built environment.", "Indigenous architecture __knowledge__ The traditional or vernacular architecture of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people varied to meet the lifestyle, social organisation, family size, cultural and climatic needs and resources available to each community.", "Spanish architecture __knowledge__ Spanish architecture refers to architecture carried out in any area in what is now Spain, and by worldwide.", "Spanish architecture __knowledge__ The term includes buildings within the current geographical limits of Spain before this name was given to those territories (whether they were called Iberia, Hispania, Al-Andalus or were formed of several Christian kingdoms).", "Spanish architecture __knowledge__ Due to its historical and geographical diversity, Spanish architecture has drawn from a host of influences.", "Spanish architecture __knowledge__ Iberian architecture started to take shape in parallel with other architectures around the Mediterranean and others from Northern Europe.", "Spanish architecture __knowledge__ A real development came with the arrival of the Romans, who left behind some of their most outstanding monuments in Hispania." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The Egyptian pyramids are ancient pyramid-shaped masonry structures located in Egypt.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ As of November 2008, sources cite either 118 or 138 as the number of identified Egyptian pyramids.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ Most were built as tombs for the country's pharaohs and their consorts during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The earliest known Egyptian pyramids are found at Saqqara, northwest of Memphis.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The earliest among these is the Pyramid of Djoser (constructed 2630 BC–2611 BC) which was built during the third dynasty.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ This pyramid and its surrounding complex were designed by the architect Imhotep, and are generally considered to be the world's oldest monumental structures constructed of dressed masonry.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The most famous Egyptian pyramids are those found at Giza, on the outskirts of Cairo.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ Several of the Giza pyramids are counted among the largest structures ever built.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The Pyramid of Khufu at Giza is the largest Egyptian pyramid.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ It is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World still in existence.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ By the time of the Early Dynastic Period, those with sufficient means were buried in bench-like structures known as mastabas.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The second historically-documented Egyptian pyramid is attributed to the architect Imhotep, who planned what Egyptologists believe to be a tomb for the pharaoh Djoser.", "Egyptian temple __knowledge__ Egyptian temples were built for the official worship of the gods and in commemoration of the pharaohs in ancient Egypt and regions under Egyptian control.", "Egyptian temple __knowledge__ Temples were seen as houses for the gods or kings to whom they were dedicated.", "Egyptian temple __knowledge__ Within them, the Egyptians performed a variety of rituals, the central functions of Egyptian religion: giving offerings to the gods, reenacting their mythological interactions through festivals, and warding off the forces of chaos.", "Egyptian temple __knowledge__ These rituals were seen as necessary for the gods to continue to uphold \"maat\", the divine order of the universe.", "Egyptian temple __knowledge__ Housing and caring for the gods were the obligations of pharaohs, who therefore dedicated prodigious resources to temple construction and maintenance.", "Ancient Egypt __knowledge__ Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in the place that is now the country Egypt.", "Ancient Egypt __knowledge__ It is one of six historic civilizations to arise independently.", "Ancient Egypt __knowledge__ Egyptian civilization followed prehistoric Egypt and coalesced around 3100 BC (according to conventional Egyptian chronology) with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under Menes (often identified with Narmer).", "Ancient Egypt __knowledge__ The history of ancient Egypt occurred as a series of stable kingdoms, separated by periods of relative instability known as Intermediate Periods: the Old Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age, the Middle Kingdom of the Middle Bronze Age and the New Kingdom of the Late Bronze Age.", "Valley of the Kings __knowledge__ The Valley of the Kings ( , ), the \"Valley of the Gates of the Kings\" ( ), is a valley in Egypt where, for a period of nearly 500 years from the 16th to 11th century BC, rock cut tombs were excavated for the Pharaohs and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom (the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Dynasties of Ancient Egypt).", "Valley of the Kings __knowledge__ The valley stands on the west bank of the Nile, opposite Thebes (modern Luxor), within the heart of the Theban Necropolis.", "Valley of the Kings __knowledge__ The wadi consists of two valleys, East Valley (where the majority of the royal tombs are situated) and West Valley.", "Valley of the Kings __knowledge__ With the 2005 discovery of a new chamber and the 2008 discovery of two further tomb entrances, the valley is known to contain 63 tombs and chambers (ranging in size from KV54, a simple pit, to KV5, a complex tomb with over 120 chambers).", "Ancient Egyptian religion __knowledge__ Ancient Egyptian religion was a complex system of polytheistic beliefs and rituals which were an integral part of ancient Egyptian society.", "Ancient Egyptian religion __knowledge__ It centered on the Egyptians' interaction with many deities who were believed to be present in, and in control of, the forces of nature.", "Ancient Egyptian religion __knowledge__ Rituals such as prayers and offerings were efforts to provide for the gods and gain their favor.", "Ancient Egyptian religion __knowledge__ Formal religious practice centered on the pharaoh, the king of Egypt, who was believed to possess a divine power by virtue of his position.", "Ancient Egyptian religion __knowledge__ He acted as the intermediary between his people and the gods and was obligated to sustain the gods through rituals and offerings so that they could maintain order in the universe.", "Abydos, Egypt __knowledge__ Abydos (; Sahidic ') is one of the oldest cities of ancient Egypt, and also of the eighth nome in Upper Egypt, of which it was the capital city.", "Abydos, Egypt __knowledge__ It is located about west of the Nile at latitude 26° 10' N, near the modern Egyptian towns of el-'Araba el Madfuna and al-Balyana.", "Abydos, Egypt __knowledge__ In the ancient Egyptian language, the city was called Abdju\"' (\"ꜣbḏw\" or \"AbDw\").", "Abydos, Egypt __knowledge__ The English name \"Abydos\" comes from the Greek , a name borrowed by Greek geographers from the unrelated city of Abydos on the Hellespont.", "Abydos, Egypt __knowledge__ Considered one of the most important archaeological sites in Egypt, the sacred city of Abydos was the site of many ancient temples, including Umm el-Qa'ab, a royal necropolis where early pharaohs were entombed.", "Memphis, Egypt __knowledge__ Memphis ( \"\"  ; ; ) was the ancient capital of Aneb-Hetch, the first nome of Lower Egypt.", "Memphis, Egypt __knowledge__ Its ruins are located near the town of Mit Rahina, 20 km (12 mi) south of Giza.", "Memphis, Egypt __knowledge__ According to legend related by Manetho, the city was founded by the pharaoh Menes.", "Memphis, Egypt __knowledge__ Capital of Egypt during the Old Kingdom, it remained an important city throughout ancient Mediterranean history.", "Memphis, Egypt __knowledge__ It occupied a strategic position at the mouth of the Nile delta, and was home to feverish activity.", "Memphis, Egypt __knowledge__ Its principal port, \"Peru-nefer\", harboured a high density of workshops, factories, and warehouses that distributed food and merchandise throughout the ancient kingdom.", "Ancient Egyptian retainer sacrifices __knowledge__ Ancient Egyptian retainer sacrifice is a type of human sacrifice in which pharaohs and occasionally other high court nobility would have servants killed after the pharaohs' deaths to continue to serve them in the afterlife.", "Ancient Egyptian retainer sacrifices __knowledge__ In Egypt, retainer sacrifice only existed during the First Dynasty, from about 3100 BC to 2900 BC, slowly dwindling, and eventually dying out.", "Ancient Egyptian retainer sacrifices __knowledge__ Ancient Egyptians, like many cultures, believed in an afterlife and much of what remains of their civilization reflects this because only the temples, tombs and other religious structures survive well.", "Ancient Egyptian retainer sacrifices __knowledge__ One belief that was at the center of Egyptian beliefs about life after death was the belief in the ka.", "Khufu __knowledge__ Khufu ( ), usually known as Cheops, originally Khnum-Khufu ( ), was an ancient Egyptian monarch, who ruled during the Fourth Dynasty in the first half of the Old Kingdom period (26th century BC).", "Khufu __knowledge__ Khufu was the second ruler of the 4th dynasty; he followed his possible father, king Sneferu, on the throne.", "Khufu __knowledge__ He is generally accepted as having commissioned the Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, but many other aspects of his reign are rather poorly documented.", "Khufu __knowledge__ The only completely preserved portrait of the king is a three-inch high ivory figurine found in a temple ruin of later period at Abydos in 1903.", "Art __knowledge__ Art is a diverse range of human activities in creating visual, auditory or performing artifacts (artworks), expressing the author's imaginative or technical skill, intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power.", "Art __knowledge__ In their most general form these activities include the production of works of art, the criticism of art, the study of the history of art, and the aesthetic dissemination of art.", "Art __knowledge__ The oldest documented forms of art are visual arts, which include creation of images or objects in fields including today painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, and other visual media.", "Art __knowledge__ Architecture is often included as one of the visual arts; however, like the decorative arts, or advertising, it involves the creation of objects where the practical considerations of use are essential—in a way that they usually are not in a painting, for example.", "Joseph's Granaries __knowledge__ Joseph's Granaries is a designation for the Egyptian pyramids often used by early travelers to the region.", "Joseph's Granaries __knowledge__ The notion of a granary (\"horreum\", ) being associated with the Hebrew patriarch Joseph derives from the account in Genesis 41, where “he gathered up all the food of the seven years when there was plenty in the land of Egypt, and stored up food in the cities ... And Joseph \"stored up grain in great abundance, like the sand of the sea\", until he ceased to measure it, for it could not be measured” (vv.", "Joseph's Granaries __knowledge__ 48-9, RSV).", "Joseph's Granaries __knowledge__ “So when the famine had spread over all the land, Joseph opened all the storehouses (\"\" Vulgate, LXX) and sold to the Egyptians”(v. 56).", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "Egyptian pyramid construction techniques __knowledge__ There have been many hypotheses about the Egyptian pyramid construction techniques.", "Egyptian pyramid construction techniques __knowledge__ These techniques seem to have developed over time; later pyramids were not built the same way as earlier ones.", "Egyptian pyramid construction techniques __knowledge__ Most of the construction hypotheses are based on the idea that huge stones were carved with copper chisels from stone quarries, and these blocks were then dragged and lifted into position.", "Egyptian pyramid construction techniques __knowledge__ Disagreements chiefly concern the methods used to move and place the stones.", "Egyptian pyramid construction techniques __knowledge__ In addition to the many unresolved arguments about the construction techniques, there have been disagreements as to the kind of workforce used.", "Pyramid __knowledge__ A pyramid (from \"\") is a structure whose outer surfaces are triangular and converge to a single point at the top, making the shape roughly a pyramid in the geometric sense.", "Pyramid __knowledge__ The base of a pyramid can be trilateral, quadrilateral, or any polygon shape.", "Pyramid __knowledge__ As such, a pyramid has at least three outer triangular surfaces (at least four faces including the base).", "Pyramid __knowledge__ The square pyramid, with square base and four triangular outer surfaces, is a common version.", "Pyramid __knowledge__ A pyramid's design, with the majority of the weight closer to the ground, and with the pyramidion on top means that less material higher up on the pyramid will be pushing down from above.", "Discworld gods __knowledge__ The Discworld gods are the fictional deities from Terry Pratchett's \"Discworld\" series of fantasy novels.", "Discworld gods __knowledge__ The Discworld, being a flat disc supported on the backs of four elephants on top of a giant flying turtle, exists in a region of the universe where reality is somewhat less consistent than it appears in our own, more mundane corner of existence.", "Discworld gods __knowledge__ Because reality on the Disc is so fragile and malleable, belief has a tendency to take on a life of its own, and gods are far more obvious to the people of the Disc than they appear to us.", "Discworld gods __knowledge__ Gods are everywhere on the Discworld, a crucial element of the world's peculiar ecology that gives power to belief and demands resolution to any and all narratives." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The Egyptian pyramids are ancient pyramid-shaped masonry structures located in Egypt.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ As of November 2008, sources cite either 118 or 138 as the number of identified Egyptian pyramids.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ Most were built as tombs for the country's pharaohs and their consorts during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The earliest known Egyptian pyramids are found at Saqqara, northwest of Memphis.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The earliest among these is the Pyramid of Djoser (constructed 2630 BC–2611 BC) which was built during the third dynasty.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ This pyramid and its surrounding complex were designed by the architect Imhotep, and are generally considered to be the world's oldest monumental structures constructed of dressed masonry.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The most famous Egyptian pyramids are those found at Giza, on the outskirts of Cairo.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ Several of the Giza pyramids are counted among the largest structures ever built.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The Pyramid of Khufu at Giza is the largest Egyptian pyramid.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ It is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World still in existence.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ By the time of the Early Dynastic Period, those with sufficient means were buried in bench-like structures known as mastabas.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The second historically-documented Egyptian pyramid is attributed to the architect Imhotep, who planned what Egyptologists believe to be a tomb for the pharaoh Djoser.", "Pyramid __knowledge__ A pyramid (from \"\") is a structure whose outer surfaces are triangular and converge to a single point at the top, making the shape roughly a pyramid in the geometric sense.", "Pyramid __knowledge__ The base of a pyramid can be trilateral, quadrilateral, or any polygon shape.", "Pyramid __knowledge__ As such, a pyramid has at least three outer triangular surfaces (at least four faces including the base).", "Pyramid __knowledge__ The square pyramid, with square base and four triangular outer surfaces, is a common version.", "Pyramid __knowledge__ A pyramid's design, with the majority of the weight closer to the ground, and with the pyramidion on top means that less material higher up on the pyramid will be pushing down from above.", "Golden ratio __knowledge__ In mathematics, two quantities are in the golden ratio if their ratio is the same as the ratio of their sum to the larger of the two quantities.", "Golden ratio __knowledge__ The figure on the right illustrates the geometric relationship.", "Golden ratio __knowledge__ Expressed algebraically, for quantities \"a\" and \"b\" with \"a\" > \"b\" > 0, where the Greek letter phi (formula_2 or formula_3) represents the golden ratio.", "Golden ratio __knowledge__ It is an irrational number with a value of: The golden ratio is also called the golden mean or golden section (Latin: \"sectio aurea\").", "Golden ratio __knowledge__ Other names include extreme and mean ratio, medial section, divine proportion, divine section (Latin: \"sectio divina\"), golden proportion, golden cut, and golden number.", "Pyramidology __knowledge__ Pyramidology (or pyramidism) is a term used, sometimes disparagingly, to refer to various pseudoscientific or religious speculations regarding pyramids, most often the Giza pyramid complex and the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt.", "Pyramidology __knowledge__ Some \"pyramidologists\" also concern themselves with the monumental structures of pre-Columbian America (such as Teotihuacan, the Mesoamerican Maya civilization, and the Inca of the South American Andes), and the temples of Southeast Asia.", "Pyramidology __knowledge__ Some pyramidologists claim that the Great Pyramid of Giza has encoded within it predictions for the exodus of Moses from Egypt, the crucifixion of Jesus, the start of World War I, the founding of modern-day Israel in 1948, and future events including the beginning of Armageddon; this was discovered by using what they call \"pyramid inches\" to calculate the passage of time where one British inch equals one solar year.", "Yanni __knowledge__ Yiannis Chryssomallis (, \"Giánnis Chrysomállis\"; born November 14, 1954), known professionally as Yanni ( ), is a Greek composer, keyboardist, pianist, and music producer who has spent his adult life in the United States.", "Yanni __knowledge__ Yanni continues to use the musical shorthand that he developed as a child, blending jazz, classical, soft rock, and world music to create predominantly instrumental works.", "Yanni __knowledge__ Although this genre of music was not well suited for commercial pop radio and music television, Yanni received international recognition by producing concerts at historic monuments and by producing videos that were broadcast on public television.", "Egyptian pyramid construction techniques __knowledge__ There have been many hypotheses about the Egyptian pyramid construction techniques.", "Egyptian pyramid construction techniques __knowledge__ These techniques seem to have developed over time; later pyramids were not built the same way as earlier ones.", "Egyptian pyramid construction techniques __knowledge__ Most of the construction hypotheses are based on the idea that huge stones were carved with copper chisels from stone quarries, and these blocks were then dragged and lifted into position.", "Egyptian pyramid construction techniques __knowledge__ Disagreements chiefly concern the methods used to move and place the stones.", "Egyptian pyramid construction techniques __knowledge__ In addition to the many unresolved arguments about the construction techniques, there have been disagreements as to the kind of workforce used.", "Joseph's Granaries __knowledge__ Joseph's Granaries is a designation for the Egyptian pyramids often used by early travelers to the region.", "Joseph's Granaries __knowledge__ The notion of a granary (\"horreum\", ) being associated with the Hebrew patriarch Joseph derives from the account in Genesis 41, where “he gathered up all the food of the seven years when there was plenty in the land of Egypt, and stored up food in the cities ... And Joseph \"stored up grain in great abundance, like the sand of the sea\", until he ceased to measure it, for it could not be measured” (vv.", "Joseph's Granaries __knowledge__ 48-9, RSV).", "Joseph's Granaries __knowledge__ “So when the famine had spread over all the land, Joseph opened all the storehouses (\"\" Vulgate, LXX) and sold to the Egyptians”(v. 56).", "Khufu __knowledge__ Khufu ( ), usually known as Cheops, originally Khnum-Khufu ( ), was an ancient Egyptian monarch, who ruled during the Fourth Dynasty in the first half of the Old Kingdom period (26th century BC).", "Khufu __knowledge__ Khufu was the second ruler of the 4th dynasty; he followed his possible father, king Sneferu, on the throne.", "Khufu __knowledge__ He is generally accepted as having commissioned the Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, but many other aspects of his reign are rather poorly documented.", "Khufu __knowledge__ The only completely preserved portrait of the king is a three-inch high ivory figurine found in a temple ruin of later period at Abydos in 1903.", "Great Pyramid of Giza __knowledge__ The Great Pyramid of Giza (also known as the Pyramid of Khufu or the Pyramid of Cheops) is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex bordering what is now El Giza, Egypt.", "Great Pyramid of Giza __knowledge__ It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intact.", "Great Pyramid of Giza __knowledge__ Based on a mark in an interior chamber naming the work gang and a reference to fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu, Egyptologists believe that the pyramid was built as a tomb over a 10 to 20-year period concluding around 2560 BC.", "Great Pyramid of Giza __knowledge__ Initially at , the Great Pyramid was the tallest man-made structure in the world for more than 3,800 years.", "Great Pyramid of Cholula __knowledge__ The Great Pyramid of Cholula, also known as (Nahuatl for \"made-by-hand mountain\"), is a huge complex located in Cholula, Puebla, Mexico.", "Great Pyramid of Cholula __knowledge__ It is the largest archaeological site of a pyramid (temple) in the New World, as well as the largest pyramid known to exist in the world today.", "Great Pyramid of Cholula __knowledge__ The pyramid stands above the surrounding plain, and in its final form it measured .", "Great Pyramid of Cholula __knowledge__ The pyramid is a temple that traditionally has been viewed as having been dedicated to the god Quetzalcoatl.", "Great Pyramid of Cholula __knowledge__ The architectural style of the building was linked closely to that of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico, although influence from the Gulf Coast also is evident, especially from El Tajín.", "Giza pyramid complex __knowledge__ The Giza pyramid complex (, , \"pyramids of Giza\") is an archaeological site on the Giza Plateau, on the outskirts of Cairo, Egypt.", "Giza pyramid complex __knowledge__ This complex of ancient monuments includes the three pyramid complexes known as the Great Pyramids, the massive sculpture known as the Great Sphinx, several cemeteries, a workers' village and an industrial complex.", "Giza pyramid complex __knowledge__ It is located in the Western Desert, approximately 9 km (5 mi) west of the Nile river at the old town of Giza, and about 13 km (8 mi) southwest of Cairo city centre.", "Giza pyramid complex __knowledge__ The pyramids, which have historically been common as emblems of ancient Egypt in the Western imagination, were popularised in Hellenistic times, when the Great Pyramid was listed by Antipater of Sidon as one of the Seven Wonders of the World." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The Egyptian pyramids are ancient pyramid-shaped masonry structures located in Egypt.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ As of November 2008, sources cite either 118 or 138 as the number of identified Egyptian pyramids.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ Most were built as tombs for the country's pharaohs and their consorts during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The earliest known Egyptian pyramids are found at Saqqara, northwest of Memphis.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The earliest among these is the Pyramid of Djoser (constructed 2630 BC–2611 BC) which was built during the third dynasty.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ This pyramid and its surrounding complex were designed by the architect Imhotep, and are generally considered to be the world's oldest monumental structures constructed of dressed masonry.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The most famous Egyptian pyramids are those found at Giza, on the outskirts of Cairo.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ Several of the Giza pyramids are counted among the largest structures ever built.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The Pyramid of Khufu at Giza is the largest Egyptian pyramid.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ It is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World still in existence.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ By the time of the Early Dynastic Period, those with sufficient means were buried in bench-like structures known as mastabas.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The second historically-documented Egyptian pyramid is attributed to the architect Imhotep, who planned what Egyptologists believe to be a tomb for the pharaoh Djoser.", "History of mathematics __knowledge__ The area of study known as the history of mathematics is primarily an investigation into the origin of discoveries in mathematics and, to a lesser extent, an investigation into the mathematical methods and notation of the past.", "History of mathematics __knowledge__ Before the modern age and the worldwide spread of knowledge, written examples of new mathematical developments have come to light only in a few locales.", "History of mathematics __knowledge__ From 3000 BC the Mesopotamian states of Sumer, Akkad and Assyria, together with Ancient Egypt and Ebla began using arithmetic, algebra and geometry for purposes of taxation, commerce, trade and also in the field of astronomy and to formulate calendars and record time.", "Ancient Egypt __knowledge__ Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in the place that is now the country Egypt.", "Ancient Egypt __knowledge__ It is one of six historic civilizations to arise independently.", "Ancient Egypt __knowledge__ Egyptian civilization followed prehistoric Egypt and coalesced around 3100 BC (according to conventional Egyptian chronology) with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under Menes (often identified with Narmer).", "Ancient Egypt __knowledge__ The history of ancient Egypt occurred as a series of stable kingdoms, separated by periods of relative instability known as Intermediate Periods: the Old Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age, the Middle Kingdom of the Middle Bronze Age and the New Kingdom of the Late Bronze Age.", "Memphis, Egypt __knowledge__ Memphis ( \"\"  ; ; ) was the ancient capital of Aneb-Hetch, the first nome of Lower Egypt.", "Memphis, Egypt __knowledge__ Its ruins are located near the town of Mit Rahina, 20 km (12 mi) south of Giza.", "Memphis, Egypt __knowledge__ According to legend related by Manetho, the city was founded by the pharaoh Menes.", "Memphis, Egypt __knowledge__ Capital of Egypt during the Old Kingdom, it remained an important city throughout ancient Mediterranean history.", "Memphis, Egypt __knowledge__ It occupied a strategic position at the mouth of the Nile delta, and was home to feverish activity.", "Memphis, Egypt __knowledge__ Its principal port, \"Peru-nefer\", harboured a high density of workshops, factories, and warehouses that distributed food and merchandise throughout the ancient kingdom.", "Khufu __knowledge__ Khufu ( ), usually known as Cheops, originally Khnum-Khufu ( ), was an ancient Egyptian monarch, who ruled during the Fourth Dynasty in the first half of the Old Kingdom period (26th century BC).", "Khufu __knowledge__ Khufu was the second ruler of the 4th dynasty; he followed his possible father, king Sneferu, on the throne.", "Khufu __knowledge__ He is generally accepted as having commissioned the Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, but many other aspects of his reign are rather poorly documented.", "Khufu __knowledge__ The only completely preserved portrait of the king is a three-inch high ivory figurine found in a temple ruin of later period at Abydos in 1903.", "Egyptians __knowledge__ Egyptians (  ; \"\"; ; \"Ni/rem/en/kīmi\") are an ethnic group native to Egypt and the citizens of that country sharing a common culture and a common dialect known as Egyptian Arabic.", "Egyptians __knowledge__ Egyptian identity is closely tied to geography.", "Egyptians __knowledge__ The population of Egypt is concentrated in the lower Nile Valley, the small strip of cultivable land stretching from the First Cataract to the Mediterranean and enclosed by desert both to the east and to the west.", "Egyptians __knowledge__ This unique geography has been the basis of the development of Egyptian society since antiquity.", "Egyptians __knowledge__ The daily language of the Egyptians is the local variety of Arabic, known as Egyptian Arabic or \"Masri.", "Pyramid __knowledge__ A pyramid (from \"\") is a structure whose outer surfaces are triangular and converge to a single point at the top, making the shape roughly a pyramid in the geometric sense.", "Pyramid __knowledge__ The base of a pyramid can be trilateral, quadrilateral, or any polygon shape.", "Pyramid __knowledge__ As such, a pyramid has at least three outer triangular surfaces (at least four faces including the base).", "Pyramid __knowledge__ The square pyramid, with square base and four triangular outer surfaces, is a common version.", "Pyramid __knowledge__ A pyramid's design, with the majority of the weight closer to the ground, and with the pyramidion on top means that less material higher up on the pyramid will be pushing down from above.", "Environmental issues in Egypt __knowledge__ Egypt's environmental problems include water scarcity, air pollution, damage to historic monuments, and animal welfare issues.", "Environmental issues in Egypt __knowledge__ The air pollution in Cairo is a matter of serious concern.", "Environmental issues in Egypt __knowledge__ The air quality in downtown Cairo is more than 10 to 100 times of acceptable world standards.", "Environmental issues in Egypt __knowledge__ Cairo has a very poor factor because of lack of rain and its layout of tall buildings and narrow streets, which create a bowl effect (bad ventilation and consequent trapping of pollutants).", "Environmental issues in Egypt __knowledge__ The main air pollution problem in Egypt is the particulate matter.", "Environmental issues in Egypt __knowledge__ The most notable sources of the dust and small particles is transportation, industry and open-air waste-burning.", "Giza pyramid complex __knowledge__ The Giza pyramid complex (, , \"pyramids of Giza\") is an archaeological site on the Giza Plateau, on the outskirts of Cairo, Egypt.", "Giza pyramid complex __knowledge__ This complex of ancient monuments includes the three pyramid complexes known as the Great Pyramids, the massive sculpture known as the Great Sphinx, several cemeteries, a workers' village and an industrial complex.", "Giza pyramid complex __knowledge__ It is located in the Western Desert, approximately 9 km (5 mi) west of the Nile river at the old town of Giza, and about 13 km (8 mi) southwest of Cairo city centre.", "Giza pyramid complex __knowledge__ The pyramids, which have historically been common as emblems of ancient Egypt in the Western imagination, were popularised in Hellenistic times, when the Great Pyramid was listed by Antipater of Sidon as one of the Seven Wonders of the World.", "Joseph's Granaries __knowledge__ Joseph's Granaries is a designation for the Egyptian pyramids often used by early travelers to the region.", "Joseph's Granaries __knowledge__ The notion of a granary (\"horreum\", ) being associated with the Hebrew patriarch Joseph derives from the account in Genesis 41, where “he gathered up all the food of the seven years when there was plenty in the land of Egypt, and stored up food in the cities ... And Joseph \"stored up grain in great abundance, like the sand of the sea\", until he ceased to measure it, for it could not be measured” (vv.", "Joseph's Granaries __knowledge__ 48-9, RSV).", "Joseph's Granaries __knowledge__ “So when the famine had spread over all the land, Joseph opened all the storehouses (\"\" Vulgate, LXX) and sold to the Egyptians”(v. 56).", "Giza __knowledge__ Giza (; sometimes spelled \"Gizah \"or \"Jizah\"; '; ') is the third-largest city in Egypt.", "Giza __knowledge__ It is located on the west bank of the Nile, southwest of central Cairo.", "Giza __knowledge__ Along with Cairo Governorate, Shubra El-Kheima, Helwan, 6th October City and Obour, the five form Greater Cairo metropolis.", "Giza __knowledge__ The city of Giza is the capital of the Giza Governorate, and is located near the northeast border of this governorate in coordinates.", "Giza __knowledge__ It is located right on the banks of the River Nile.", "Giza __knowledge__ The city's population was 2,681,863 in the 2006 national census, while the governorate had 6,272,571 at the same census.", "Giza __knowledge__ Its large population made it the world's second largest suburb in 2006, tied with Incheon, South Korea and Quezon City, Philippines, second only to Yokohama, Japan." ] ]

[ 30, 18, 48, 4, 17 ]

[ "Me too! It's architecture is so advanced for when it was built. People have hypothesized its construction techniques", "I agree. \"Art\" is any creation that expresses the creator's skill. The pyramids do exactly that!", "Yes! Pharoah Kufu is credited for the creation of the Great Pyramid of Giza. He built his own grave.", "Interesting. Although we typically associate the pyramids with Giza, the first pyramids we know of were actually found near Memphis, Egypt.", "And historians! It is considered to be one of the six historic civilizations to build on its own. Others include Babylon and Sumer." ]

[ "Egyptian pyramids", "Egyptian pyramids", "Egyptian pyramids", "Egyptian pyramids", "Egyptian pyramids" ]

[ "Orthodontics", "No I haven't, honestly the thought of putting my hands in other people's mouths for a living grosses me out. If I did though I would definitely want to become an orthodontist.", "Yeah living in another country would be pretty cool depending on where it is. Honestly thought it still goes back to the putting my hands in someone's mouth thing, I think I would want to avoid that in a third world country.", "That does sound awesome, honestly I would totally go to Harvard if I could." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ \"Orthodontics\" is derived from the Greek \"orthos\" (\"correct\", \"straight\") and \"-odont-\" (\"tooth\").", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ The history of orthodontics has been intimately linked with the history of dentistry for more than 2000 years.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ Dentistry had its origins as a part of medicine.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ According to the American Association of Orthodontists, archaeologists have discovered mummified ancients with metal bands wrapped around individual teeth.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ Malocclusion is not a disease, but abnormal alignment of the teeth and the way the upper and lower teeth fit together.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ The prevalence of malocclusion varies, but using orthodontic treatment indices, which categorize malocclusions in terms of severity, it can be said that nearly 30% of the population present with malocclusions severe enough to benefit from orthodontic treatment.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ Orthodontic treatment can focus on dental displacement only, or deal with the control and modification of facial growth.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ In the latter case it is better defined as \"dentofacial orthopedics\".", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ In severe malocclusions that can be a part of craniofacial abnormality, management often requires a combination of orthodontics with headgear or reverse pull facemask and / or jaw surgery or orthognathic surgery.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ This often requires additional training, in addition to the formal three-year specialty training." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ \"Orthodontics\" is derived from the Greek \"orthos\" (\"correct\", \"straight\") and \"-odont-\" (\"tooth\").", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ The history of orthodontics has been intimately linked with the history of dentistry for more than 2000 years.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ Dentistry had its origins as a part of medicine.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ According to the American Association of Orthodontists, archaeologists have discovered mummified ancients with metal bands wrapped around individual teeth.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ Malocclusion is not a disease, but abnormal alignment of the teeth and the way the upper and lower teeth fit together.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ The prevalence of malocclusion varies, but using orthodontic treatment indices, which categorize malocclusions in terms of severity, it can be said that nearly 30% of the population present with malocclusions severe enough to benefit from orthodontic treatment.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ Orthodontic treatment can focus on dental displacement only, or deal with the control and modification of facial growth.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ In the latter case it is better defined as \"dentofacial orthopedics\".", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ In severe malocclusions that can be a part of craniofacial abnormality, management often requires a combination of orthodontics with headgear or reverse pull facemask and / or jaw surgery or orthognathic surgery.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ This often requires additional training, in addition to the formal three-year specialty training.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Siti Nurhaliza __knowledge__ Dato' Sri, or occasionally Datin Sri, Siti Nurhaliza binti Tarudin (Jawi: سيتي نورهاليزا بنت تارودين ; IPA: ; born 11 January 1979) is a Malaysian singer and businesswoman.", "Siti Nurhaliza __knowledge__ To date, she has garnered more than 200 local and international awards.", "Siti Nurhaliza __knowledge__ She made her debut after she won a popular local singing competition show Bintang HMI in 1995 when she was only 16.", "Siti Nurhaliza __knowledge__ Her debut single, \"Jerat Percintaan\", won the 11th Anugerah Juara Lagu and another two awards for Best Performance and Best Ballad.", "Siti Nurhaliza __knowledge__ The album itself as of 2005, has been sold to a total of more than 800,000 units in Malaysia alone.", "Siti Nurhaliza __knowledge__ In her career she has recorded and sung in multiple languages, including Malaysian, Javanese, English, Mandarin, Arabic, Urdu and Japanese.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "West Indian cricket team in England in 1991 __knowledge__ The West Indian cricket team in England in 1991 played three one day internationals and five Tests, under the captaincy of Viv Richards, as part of an extensive tour in which they also played first-class matches against 11 first-class county teams, the combined Minor Counties, the Combined Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and a World XI to finish, plus 55-over one-day matches against one more first-class county (Gloucestershire) and the Duchess of Norfolk's Invitation XI.", "West Indian cricket team in England in 1991 __knowledge__ Of the non-international matches, West Indies defeated Kent, Middlesex and Leicestershire in the longer matches, and Gloucestershire over 55 overs, and lost only the opening match against the Duchess of Norfolk's XI: all the other matches were drawn, although some were close to a finish.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ In July 2012, a storyline began in the British soap opera \"EastEnders\" in which the character Kat Moon, played by Jessie Wallace, embarks on an affair behind her husband Alfie Moon's (Shane Richie) back, with an unknown person.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ The suspects named were Ray Dixon (Chucky Venn), Michael Moon (Steve John Shepherd), Max Branning (Jake Wood), Derek Branning (Jamie Foreman) and Jack Branning (Scott Maslen).", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ Ray was the first suspect to be eliminated, on 7 August, followed by Michael on 14 September.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ The mystery man was revealed as Derek in the 20 December episode.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ Richie dubbed the storyline \"Who's Been Sleeping with Kat?", "Gordon Greenidge __knowledge__ Cuthbert Gordon Greenidge MBE (born 1 May 1951) is a former Barbadian first-class cricketer, who played Tests and One Day Internationals for 17 years for West Indies.", "Gordon Greenidge __knowledge__ Greenidge began his career in English county cricket before he played for Barbados.", "Gordon Greenidge __knowledge__ He played for many seasons with Hampshire in the English County Championship, where he batted as an opener with Barry Richards.", "Gordon Greenidge __knowledge__ He was therefore eligible to play for England until he opted for the West Indies.", "Gordon Greenidge __knowledge__ He later made an appearance for Scotland.", "Gordon Greenidge __knowledge__ During his first-class career, he scored a total of 37,000 runs with 92 centuries.", "Gordon Greenidge __knowledge__ Born in St. Peter, Barbados, Greenidge played as an opening batsman for the West Indies.", "Terence Lucy Greenidge __knowledge__ Terence Lucy Greenidge (14 January 1902 – 18 December 1970) was an English author and actor.", "Terence Lucy Greenidge __knowledge__ He was a first generation Barbadian born in England and second son of Abel Hendy Jones Greenidge (who came up to study and remained at Oxford as an academic) and his wife Edith Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of William Lucy, at that time the sole owner of Lucy Ironworks, previously known as the Eagle Ironworks, in Walton Well Road, Jericho, Oxford.", "Terence Lucy Greenidge __knowledge__ The Greenidge family trace their ancestry in Barbados to John of Greenwich who left London on 2 May 1635 on the ship Alexander.", "Terence Lucy Greenidge __knowledge__ Within one generation the etymon, meaning \"Green Port\" or \"Trading Place\" (cf Norwich, Harwich and Ipswich in England) of the surname had assumed the distinctly West Indian orthographic format of Greenidge, whilst maintaining a very similar phenomic identity.", "Dental braces __knowledge__ Dental braces (also known as braces, orthodontic cases, or cases) are devices used in orthodontics that align and straighten teeth and help position them with regard to a person's bite, while also aiming to improve dental health.", "Dental braces __knowledge__ They are often used to correct underbites, as well as malocclusions, overbites, open bites, deep bites, cross bites, crooked teeth, and various other flaws of the teeth and jaw.", "Dental braces __knowledge__ Braces can be either cosmetic or structural.", "Dental braces __knowledge__ Dental braces are often used in conjunction with other orthodontic appliances to help widen the palate or jaws and to otherwise assist in shaping the teeth and jaws.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ Dentistry throughout the world is practised differently, and training in dentistry varies as well.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ Australian dentistry is overseen by the Australian Dental Council and the Dental Board of Australia The professional body for dentists is the Australian Dental Association.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ Dentists trained in Australia must meet the entry requirements of one of the Australian institutions offering dental courses, and then complete the required full-time academic training leading to a dental degree.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ If dentists wish to specialize, they must complete extra study after having had clinical experience.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ In order to practice dentistry in Australia (as of July 2010) you must obtain registration and licensing from the nationalized Dental Board of Australia.", "Clear aligners __knowledge__ Clear aligners, also known as clear-aligner treatment, are orthodontic devices that are a transparent, plastic form of dental braces used to to adjust teeth.", "Clear aligners __knowledge__ They are sold under at least five brand names, including ClearCorrect, Invisalign, and Orthoclear.", "Clear aligners __knowledge__ A 2014 systematic review concluded that there is insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of these therapies.", "Clear aligners __knowledge__ Opinion is that they are effective for moderate crowding of the front teeth, but are less effective than conventional braces for several other issues and are not recommended for children.", "Clear aligners __knowledge__ In particular they are indicated for \"mild to moderate crowding (1–6 mm) and mild to moderate spacing (1–6 mm)\", in cases where there are no discrepancies of the jawbone.", "Dentist __knowledge__ A dentist, also known as a dental surgeon, is a surgeon who specializes in dentistry, the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and in some states, dental therapists.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In China as well as France, the first people to perform dentistry were barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ They have been categorized into 2 distinct groups: guild of barbers and lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The first group, the Guild of Barbers, was created to distinguish more educated and qualified dental surgeons from lay barbers.", "Dental degree __knowledge__ There are a number of professional degrees in dentistry offered by dental schools in various countries around the world.", "Dental degree __knowledge__ Degrees acknowledged worldwide across North America, Europe, Africa and Asia are: There are a number of post-graduate degrees in dentistry as well.", "Dental degree __knowledge__ In some universities, especially in the U.S., some post-graduate programs award Certificate only.", "Dental degree __knowledge__ In Commonwealth countries, the Royal Colleges of dentistry (or Faculty of Dentistry of the College) awards post-nominals upon completion of a series of examinations.", "Dental degree __knowledge__ In the U.S., most dental specialists attain Board Certification (Diplomate Status) by completing a series of written and oral examinations with the appropriate Boards.", "World Federation of Orthodontists __knowledge__ World Federation of Orthodontists (WFO) was formed at the 4th International Orthodontic Congress (IOC) in San Francisco by 69 affiliated organizations on May 15, 1995, and now has over 10,000 WFO fellows and 114 affiliated organizations.", "World Federation of Orthodontists __knowledge__ It is based in St. Louis, Missouri, USA The purpose of the WFO is to advance the art and science of orthodontics throughout the world.", "World Federation of Orthodontists __knowledge__ As stated in the WFO Bylaws, the WFO purpose will be accomplished by fulfilling the following objectives: 1.", "World Federation of Orthodontists __knowledge__ Encourage high standards in orthodontics throughout the world; 2.", "World Federation of Orthodontists __knowledge__ Encourage and assist in the formation of national associations and societies of orthodontists when requested; 3." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ \"Orthodontics\" is derived from the Greek \"orthos\" (\"correct\", \"straight\") and \"-odont-\" (\"tooth\").", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ The history of orthodontics has been intimately linked with the history of dentistry for more than 2000 years.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ Dentistry had its origins as a part of medicine.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ According to the American Association of Orthodontists, archaeologists have discovered mummified ancients with metal bands wrapped around individual teeth.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ Malocclusion is not a disease, but abnormal alignment of the teeth and the way the upper and lower teeth fit together.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ The prevalence of malocclusion varies, but using orthodontic treatment indices, which categorize malocclusions in terms of severity, it can be said that nearly 30% of the population present with malocclusions severe enough to benefit from orthodontic treatment.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ Orthodontic treatment can focus on dental displacement only, or deal with the control and modification of facial growth.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ In the latter case it is better defined as \"dentofacial orthopedics\".", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ In severe malocclusions that can be a part of craniofacial abnormality, management often requires a combination of orthodontics with headgear or reverse pull facemask and / or jaw surgery or orthognathic surgery.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ This often requires additional training, in addition to the formal three-year specialty training.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ In July 2012, a storyline began in the British soap opera \"EastEnders\" in which the character Kat Moon, played by Jessie Wallace, embarks on an affair behind her husband Alfie Moon's (Shane Richie) back, with an unknown person.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ The suspects named were Ray Dixon (Chucky Venn), Michael Moon (Steve John Shepherd), Max Branning (Jake Wood), Derek Branning (Jamie Foreman) and Jack Branning (Scott Maslen).", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ Ray was the first suspect to be eliminated, on 7 August, followed by Michael on 14 September.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ The mystery man was revealed as Derek in the 20 December episode.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ Richie dubbed the storyline \"Who's Been Sleeping with Kat?", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ The manga series \"Rurouni Kenshin\" features a large cast of fictional characters created by Nobuhiro Watsuki.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ Set in Japan during the Meiji period, several of the characters are real historical figures who interact with the fictional characters.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ The story follows a pacifist wanderer named Himura Kenshin, who was previously an assassin known as \"\"Hitokiri Battōsai\"\" working for the Isshin Shishi during the Bakumatsu period.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ After helping Kamiya Kaoru, the instructor of a kendo school in Tokyo, in defeating a criminal he is invited by her to stay at her dojo.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ During his stay in Tokyo, Kenshin befriends new people including Myōjin Yahiko, a young child descendant from a samurai family who starts training under Kaoru, Sagara Sanosuke, a former Sekihō who enjoys fighting, and Takani Megumi, a doctor involved with the illegal drug trade.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ Dentistry throughout the world is practised differently, and training in dentistry varies as well.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ Australian dentistry is overseen by the Australian Dental Council and the Dental Board of Australia The professional body for dentists is the Australian Dental Association.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ Dentists trained in Australia must meet the entry requirements of one of the Australian institutions offering dental courses, and then complete the required full-time academic training leading to a dental degree.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ If dentists wish to specialize, they must complete extra study after having had clinical experience.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ In order to practice dentistry in Australia (as of July 2010) you must obtain registration and licensing from the nationalized Dental Board of Australia.", "Dental degree __knowledge__ There are a number of professional degrees in dentistry offered by dental schools in various countries around the world.", "Dental degree __knowledge__ Degrees acknowledged worldwide across North America, Europe, Africa and Asia are: There are a number of post-graduate degrees in dentistry as well.", "Dental degree __knowledge__ In some universities, especially in the U.S., some post-graduate programs award Certificate only.", "Dental degree __knowledge__ In Commonwealth countries, the Royal Colleges of dentistry (or Faculty of Dentistry of the College) awards post-nominals upon completion of a series of examinations.", "Dental degree __knowledge__ In the U.S., most dental specialists attain Board Certification (Diplomate Status) by completing a series of written and oral examinations with the appropriate Boards.", "Dentist __knowledge__ A dentist, also known as a dental surgeon, is a surgeon who specializes in dentistry, the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and in some states, dental therapists.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In China as well as France, the first people to perform dentistry were barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ They have been categorized into 2 distinct groups: guild of barbers and lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The first group, the Guild of Barbers, was created to distinguish more educated and qualified dental surgeons from lay barbers.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Dentistry is a branch of medicine that consists of the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral cavity, commonly in the dentition but also the oral mucosa, and of adjacent and related structures and tissues, particularly in the maxillofacial (jaw and facial) area.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Although primarily associated with teeth among the general public, the field of dentistry or dental medicine is not limited to teeth but includes other aspects of the craniofacial complex including the temporomandibular and other supporting structures.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Dentistry is often also understood to subsume the now largely defunct medical specialty of stomatology (the study of the mouth and its disorders and diseases) for which reason the two terms are used interchangeably in certain regions.", "East Carolina University School of Dental Medicine __knowledge__ East Carolina University School of Dental Medicine (ECU SoDM) is the dental school at East Carolina University.", "East Carolina University School of Dental Medicine __knowledge__ It is North Carolina's second dental school, which enrolled its inaugural class in the fall of 2011.", "East Carolina University School of Dental Medicine __knowledge__ ECU SoDM was established to address the shortage of dentists in the rural regions of North Carolina.", "East Carolina University School of Dental Medicine __knowledge__ It serves North Carolina statewide by educating more dentists, with the primary focus of student recruitment being students who desire to return to rural and underserved areas to provide oral health care.", "East Carolina University School of Dental Medicine __knowledge__ The SoDM plans to create 10 community service learning centers to be located in rural and underserved areas throughout the state.", "American Student Dental Association __knowledge__ The American Student Dental Association (ASDA) is a national student-run organization that attempts to protect and advance the rights, interests, and welfare of students pursuing careers in dentistry.", "American Student Dental Association __knowledge__ It introduces students to lifelong involvement in organized dentistry and provides services, information, education, recreation, representation and limited amounts of advocacy.", "American Student Dental Association __knowledge__ ASDA was established to connect, support and advance the needs of dental students.", "American Student Dental Association __knowledge__ ASDA represents 90 percent of all students from 66 U.S. dental schools.", "American Student Dental Association __knowledge__ Since 2011, dental student membership has averaged more than 19,000.", "King's College London __knowledge__ King's College London (informally King's or KCL) is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom, and a founding constituent college of the federal University of London.", "King's College London __knowledge__ King's was established in 1829 by King George IV and the Duke of Wellington, when it received its first royal charter (as a university college), and claims to be the fourth oldest university institution in England.", "King's College London __knowledge__ In 1836, King's became one of the two founding colleges of the University of London.", "King's College London __knowledge__ In the late 20th century, King's grew through a series of mergers, including with Queen Elizabeth College and Chelsea College of Science and Technology (in 1985), the Institute of Psychiatry (in 1997), the United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals and the Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery (in 1998)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ \"Orthodontics\" is derived from the Greek \"orthos\" (\"correct\", \"straight\") and \"-odont-\" (\"tooth\").", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ The history of orthodontics has been intimately linked with the history of dentistry for more than 2000 years.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ Dentistry had its origins as a part of medicine.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ According to the American Association of Orthodontists, archaeologists have discovered mummified ancients with metal bands wrapped around individual teeth.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ Malocclusion is not a disease, but abnormal alignment of the teeth and the way the upper and lower teeth fit together.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ The prevalence of malocclusion varies, but using orthodontic treatment indices, which categorize malocclusions in terms of severity, it can be said that nearly 30% of the population present with malocclusions severe enough to benefit from orthodontic treatment.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ Orthodontic treatment can focus on dental displacement only, or deal with the control and modification of facial growth.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ In the latter case it is better defined as \"dentofacial orthopedics\".", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ In severe malocclusions that can be a part of craniofacial abnormality, management often requires a combination of orthodontics with headgear or reverse pull facemask and / or jaw surgery or orthognathic surgery.", "Orthodontics __knowledge__ This often requires additional training, in addition to the formal three-year specialty training.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ The political positions of Mitt Romney have been recorded from his 1994 U.S. senatorial campaign, the 2002 gubernatorial election, during his 2003–2007 governorship, during his 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, in his 2010 book \"\", and during his 2012 U.S. presidential campaign.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ Some of these political positions have changed, while others have remained unchanged.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In his 1994 Senate campaign, Romney called for the \"virtual elimination\" of the federal Department of Agriculture and for reductions in farm subsidies.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In 2007, when questioned about these views, a Romney for President Iowa campaign spokesman responded: \"Governor Romney believes that investing in agriculture is key to our economy and families.\"", "Sreevallabha Temple __knowledge__ Sreevallabha Temple (Malayalam - ശ്രീവല്ലഭ മഹാക്ഷേത്രം), a highly orthodox Hindu Temple dedicated to Purusha as Lord Sreevallabhan, is one among the oldest and biggest Temples of Kerala and a major destination for devotees all over India for centuries.", "Sreevallabha Temple __knowledge__ Located in Thiruvalla town of Pathanamthitta district, this ocean of orthodoxy is well known for its architectural grandeur and unique customs that can be found in no other temples.", "Sreevallabha Temple __knowledge__ The stone-wooden carvings and fine mural paintings inside the temple are worth seeing.", "Sreevallabha Temple __knowledge__ Being one among 108 Divya Desams, Sreevallabha temple has been glorified by Alvars and many other ancient works.", "Caraquet Bay __knowledge__ Caraquet Bay is situated in the northeast of the Canadian province of New Brunswick.", "Caraquet Bay __knowledge__ It is bordered on the south by the town of Caraquet and the village of Bertrand, to the south by the parish of New Bandon, to the north by the village of Maisonnette and to the northwest by the Baie des Chaleurs.", "Caraquet Bay __knowledge__ Caraquet Island is located between the two bays.", "Caraquet Bay __knowledge__ There are a number of beaches on the bay, as well as oyster farms and the port of Caraquet.", "Caraquet Bay __knowledge__ Caraquet Bay flows into the Caraquet River and the Du Nord River There are two theories about the origin of the bay's name.", "Caraquet Bay __knowledge__ Either Caraquet is a word in the Mi'kmaq language meaning \"where two rivers meet\", or it comes from a type of ship, the carrack.", "Bernard Montgomery __knowledge__ Field Marshal Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, (; 17 November 1887 – 24 March 1976), nicknamed \"Monty\" and \"The Spartan General\", was a senior British Army officer who fought in both the First World War and the Second World War.", "Bernard Montgomery __knowledge__ He saw action in the First World War as a junior officer of the Royal Warwickshire Regiment.", "Bernard Montgomery __knowledge__ At Méteren, near the Belgian border at Bailleul, he was shot through the right lung by a sniper, during the First Battle of Ypres.", "Bernard Montgomery __knowledge__ He returned to the Western Front as a general staff officer and took part in the Battle of Arras in April/May 1917.", "Bernard Montgomery __knowledge__ He also took part in the Battle of Passchendaele in late 1917 before finishing the war as chief of staff of the 47th (2nd London) Division.", "Made in America (The Sopranos) __knowledge__ \"Made in America\" is the series finale of the HBO drama series \"The Sopranos\".", "Made in America (The Sopranos) __knowledge__ It is the 86th episode of the series, the ninth episode of the second part of the show's sixth season, and the 21st episode of the season overall.", "Made in America (The Sopranos) __knowledge__ Written and directed by series creator, executive producer and showrunner David Chase, it first aired in the United States on June 10, 2007.", "Made in America (The Sopranos) __knowledge__ The plot of \"Made in America\" details the aftermath of the mob war between the DiMeo crime family, headed by series protagonist Tony Soprano (James Gandolfini), and the New York-based Lupertazzi family.", "Made in America (The Sopranos) __knowledge__ Tony also has to deal with many familial concerns involving his wife Carmela (Edie Falco), son A.J.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"The Awesomes\".", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Professor Dr. Jeremy \"Prock\" Awesome (voiced by Seth Meyers) - The son of Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Jeremy Awesome is the young new leader of the Awesomes.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Known as Prock (a portmanteau of Professor and Doctor, since Prock has a JD and an MD) he has always wanted to be a superhero like his father, Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Prock disappointingly doesn't have any of his father's impressive physical powers: indeed, he is unimposing and injury-prone.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ However, he's the smartest on the team and a natural leader: in a crisis he comes up with excellent plans and assigns jobs to everyone on the team.", "Ian Smith __knowledge__ Ian Douglas Smith (8 April 1919 – 20 November 2007) was a politician, farmer, and fighter pilot who served as Prime Minister of Rhodesia (or Southern Rhodesia; today Zimbabwe) from 1964 to 1979.", "Ian Smith __knowledge__ The country's first premier not born abroad, he led the predominantly white government that unilaterally declared independence from the United Kingdom in 1965, following prolonged dispute over the terms.", "Ian Smith __knowledge__ He remained Prime Minister for almost all of the fourteen years of international isolation that followed, and oversaw Rhodesia's security forces during most of the Bush War, which pitted the unrecognised administration against communist-backed black nationalist guerrilla groups.", "Louhelen Bahá'í School __knowledge__ Louhelen Bahá'í School is one of three leading institutions owned by the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States.", "Louhelen Bahá'í School __knowledge__ The others are Green Acre Bahá'í School and Bosch Bahá'í School.", "Louhelen Bahá'í School __knowledge__ Louhelen is near Davison, Michigan.", "Louhelen Bahá'í School __knowledge__ The school property was bought for Bahá'í purposes in 1930 by the new married couple Lou and Helen Eggleston and they hosted a picnic that year.", "Louhelen Bahá'í School __knowledge__ The first \"school\" session was held in 1931 and was run via a committee organized by the national community through the 1930s and 40s.", "Louhelen Bahá'í School __knowledge__ Innovations in the period were adding distinct sessions for youth and junior youth and practicum \"laboratory\" sessions.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ \"General Hospital\" is the longest running American television serial drama, airing on ABC.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ Created by Frank and Doris Hursley, who originally set it in a general hospital (hence the title), in an unnamed fictional city.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ In the 1970s, the city was named Port Charles, New York.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ The series premiered on April 1, 1963.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ This is a list of notable characters who significantly impacted storylines and began their run, or significantly returned, from the years 1990 to 1999.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ Brook Lynn Ashton is a fictional character on the ABC soap opera \"General Hospital\".", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ On the series, she is the daughter of Ned Ashton and Lois Cerullo, and was named after her mother's hometown of Brooklyn.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the comedy-drama television series \"Gilmore Girls\".", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ Lorelai Victoria Gilmore, played by Lauren Graham, is the only daughter of Richard and Emily Gilmore.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ She is the mother of Lorelai \"Rory\" Leigh Gilmore.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ She became pregnant at the age of 16 but refused to marry Christopher Hayden, Rory's father, because she felt that a marriage at such a young age would not work out.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ Instead, she ran away to the town of Stars Hollow, which is half an hour away from Hartford.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ In Stars Hollow, she meets Mia, the owner of the Independence Inn.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ She begs Mia to hire her though she has no experience of any kind.", "Massive resistance __knowledge__ Massive resistance was a strategy declared by U.S.", "Massive resistance __knowledge__ Senator Harry F. Byrd, Sr. of Virginia along with his brother-in-law as the leader in the Virginia General Assembly, Democrat Delegate James M. Thomson of Alexandria, to unite white politicians and leaders in Virginia in a campaign of new state laws and policies to prevent public school desegregation, particularly after the \"Brown v. Board of Education\" Supreme Court decision in 1954.", "Massive resistance __knowledge__ Many schools, and even an entire school system, were shut down in 1958 and 1959 in attempts to block integration, before both the Virginia Supreme Court and a special three-judge panel of Federal District judges from the Eastern District of Virginia, sitting at Norfolk, declared those policies unconstitutional.", "Martha Wall __knowledge__ Martha Alma Wall (March 22, 1910 – August 2, 2000) was an American Christian medical missionary, philosopher, nurse, and author who is best known for her humanitarian work providing health care to lepers in British Nigeria during the 1930s and 1940s with the Sudan Interior Mission (SIM).", "Martha Wall __knowledge__ She was born in Hillsboro, Kansas to a traditional Christian family and was a devout member of both the non-denominational Salina Bible Church and the Baptist Women's Union.", "Martha Wall __knowledge__ She became a registered nurse and studied theology at Tabor College before leaving for a medical mission in British Nigeria in 1938.", "Martha Wall __knowledge__ After returning to America, Wall worked as a Clinical Supervisor of Vocational Nurses for Kern General Hospital during the 1950s and as an instructor and director of nursing services for Bakersfield College during the 1960s." ] ]

[ 10, 65, 75, 0 ]

[ "Have you ever been interested in training to become a dentist, or further train an additional three-years to become an orthodontist? ", "Have you ever wanted to live in another country? There are a number of dental school in various countries around the world. I bet some areas of the world really need dentists. ", "If you could attend any college what would it be? I would attend the University of London. I would love to live there", "Harvard would be an awesome one. I just really want to travel the world and I want my kids to be able to travel, because I never really have been able to. Do you like to travel? " ]

[ "Orthodontics", "Orthodontics", "Orthodontics", "Orthodontics" ]

[ "Robert De Niro\nRobert De Niro is such a good actor.", "Yes I think my favorite movie of his is Casino.", "I bet he did! He's so good. Do you know where he was born?", "He is the same age as my mother! He is always in the mafia movies.", "He definitely deserves it. Robert De Niro is a true legend." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ Robert Anthony De Niro Jr. (; born August 17, 1943) is an American actor, producer, and director who holds both American and Italian citizenship.", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ De Niro was cast as the young Vito Corleone in the 1974 film \"The Godfather Part II\", for which he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ His longtime collaboration with director Martin Scorsese earned him the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Jake LaMotta in the 1980 film \"Raging Bull\".", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ He received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2003, the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award in 2010, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama in 2016.", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ De Niro's first major film roles were in the sports drama \"Bang the Drum Slowly\" (1973) and Scorsese's crime film \"Mean Streets\" (1973).", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ He earned Academy Award nominations for the psychological thrillers \"Taxi Driver\" (1976) and \"Cape Fear\" (1991), both directed by Scorsese.", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ De Niro received additional nominations for Michael Cimino's Vietnam war drama \"The Deer Hunter\" (1978), Penny Marshall's drama \"Awakenings\" (1990), and David O. Russell's romantic comedy-drama \"Silver Linings Playbook\" (2012).", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ His portrayal of gangster Jimmy Conway in Scorsese's crime film \"Goodfellas\" (1990), and his role as Rupert Pupkin in the black comedy film \"The King of Comedy\" (1983), earned him BAFTA Award nominations.", "Robert De Niro Sr. __knowledge__ Robert Henry De Niro (May 3, 1922 – May 3, 1993), better known as Robert De Niro Sr., was an American abstract expressionist painter and the father of actor Robert De Niro.", "Robert De Niro Sr. __knowledge__ Robert De Niro Sr. was born in Syracuse, New York, to an Italian-American father, Henry Martin De Niro (1897–1976), whose parents emigrated from Ferrazzano, in the province of Campobasso, Molise, and an Irish-American mother, Helen M. (née O'Reilly; 1899–1999).", "Robert De Niro Sr. __knowledge__ He was the eldest of three children; he and siblings John and Joan were raised in Syracuse, New York.", "Robert De Niro Sr. __knowledge__ De Niro studied at the renowned Black Mountain College under Josef Albers from 1939 to 1940.", "Martin Scorsese __knowledge__ Martin Charles Scorsese (; born November 17, 1942) is an American director, producer, screenwriter, and film historian, whose career spans more than 50 years.", "Martin Scorsese __knowledge__ Scorsese's body of work addresses such themes as Sicilian-American identity, Roman Catholic concepts of guilt and redemption, faith, machismo, modern crime, and gang conflict.", "Martin Scorsese __knowledge__ Many of his films are also known for their depiction of violence and liberal use of profanity.", "Martin Scorsese __knowledge__ Part of the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking, he is widely regarded as one of the most significant and influential filmmakers in cinematic history.", "Martin Scorsese __knowledge__ In 1990, he founded The Film Foundation, a nonprofit organization dedicated to film preservation, and in 2007 he founded the World Cinema Foundation.", "The Good Shepherd (film) __knowledge__ The Good Shepherd is a 2006 spy film produced and directed by Robert De Niro and starring Matt Damon, Angelina Jolie and De Niro, with an extensive supporting cast.", "The Good Shepherd (film) __knowledge__ De Niro also produced it with James G. Robinson and Jane Rosenthal.", "The Good Shepherd (film) __knowledge__ Although it is a fictional film loosely based on real events, it is advertised as telling the untold story of the birth of counter-intelligence in the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).", "The Good Shepherd (film) __knowledge__ The film's main character, Edward Wilson (portrayed by Damon), is loosely based on James Jesus Angleton and Richard M. Bissell.", "The Good Shepherd (film) __knowledge__ Eric Roth, the film's screenwriter, began to work on the project after he abandoned his attempt to bring Norman Mailer's \"Harlot's Ghost\" to the screen.", "Raging Bull __knowledge__ Raging Bull is a 1980 American biographical black-and-white sports drama film directed by Martin Scorsese, produced by Robert Chartoff and Irwin Winkler and adapted by Paul Schrader and Mardik Martin from Jake LaMotta's memoir \"\".", "Raging Bull __knowledge__ It stars Robert De Niro as Jake LaMotta, an Italian American middleweight boxer whose self-destructive and obsessive rage, sexual jealousy, and animalistic appetite destroyed his relationship with his wife and family.", "Raging Bull __knowledge__ Also featured in the film are Joe Pesci as Joey, LaMotta's well-intentioned brother and manager who tries to help Jake battle his inner demons, and Cathy Moriarty as his wife.", "The Deer Hunter __knowledge__ The Deer Hunter is a 1978 American epic war drama film co-written and directed by Michael Cimino about a trio of Russian American steelworkers whose lives are changed forever after they fight in the Vietnam War.", "The Deer Hunter __knowledge__ The three soldiers are played by Robert De Niro, Christopher Walken, and John Savage, with John Cazale (in his final role), Meryl Streep, and George Dzundza playing supporting roles.", "The Deer Hunter __knowledge__ The story takes place in Clairton, Pennsylvania, a small working class town on the Monongahela River south of Pittsburgh, and in Vietnam.", "The Deer Hunter __knowledge__ The film was based in part on an unproduced screenplay called \"The Man Who Came to Play\" by Louis Garfinkle and Quinn K. Redeker, about Las Vegas and Russian roulette.", "Taxi Driver __knowledge__ Taxi Driver is a 1976 American neo-noir psychological thriller directed by Martin Scorsese and written by Paul Schrader.", "Taxi Driver __knowledge__ Set in New York City following the Vietnam War, the film stars Robert De Niro, and features Jodie Foster, Harvey Keitel, Cybill Shepherd, Peter Boyle, and Albert Brooks.", "Taxi Driver __knowledge__ Critically acclaimed upon release and nominated for four Academy Awards, including Best Picture, \"Taxi Driver\" won the Palme d'Or at the 1976 Cannes Film Festival.", "Taxi Driver __knowledge__ It is regularly cited by critics, film directors, and audiences alike as one of the greatest films of all time.", "Taxi Driver __knowledge__ In 2012, \"Sight & Sound\" named it the 31st-best film ever in its decennial critics' poll, ranked with \"The Godfather Part II\", and the fifth-greatest film of all time on its directors' poll." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ Robert Anthony De Niro Jr. (; born August 17, 1943) is an American actor, producer, and director who holds both American and Italian citizenship.", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ De Niro was cast as the young Vito Corleone in the 1974 film \"The Godfather Part II\", for which he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ His longtime collaboration with director Martin Scorsese earned him the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Jake LaMotta in the 1980 film \"Raging Bull\".", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ He received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2003, the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award in 2010, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama in 2016.", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ De Niro's first major film roles were in the sports drama \"Bang the Drum Slowly\" (1973) and Scorsese's crime film \"Mean Streets\" (1973).", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ He earned Academy Award nominations for the psychological thrillers \"Taxi Driver\" (1976) and \"Cape Fear\" (1991), both directed by Scorsese.", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ De Niro received additional nominations for Michael Cimino's Vietnam war drama \"The Deer Hunter\" (1978), Penny Marshall's drama \"Awakenings\" (1990), and David O. Russell's romantic comedy-drama \"Silver Linings Playbook\" (2012).", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ His portrayal of gangster Jimmy Conway in Scorsese's crime film \"Goodfellas\" (1990), and his role as Rupert Pupkin in the black comedy film \"The King of Comedy\" (1983), earned him BAFTA Award nominations.", "Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen __knowledge__ Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen is a 2009 American science fiction action film directed by Michael Bay and executive produced by Steven Spielberg, based on the \"Transformers\" toy line created by Hasbro.", "Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen __knowledge__ It is the sequel to 2007's \"Transformers\", as well as the second installment in the live-action \"Transformers\" film series.", "Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen __knowledge__ Taking place two years after its predecessor, the plot revolves around Sam Witwicky, who is caught in the war between two factions of alien robots, the Autobots, led by Optimus Prime and the Decepticons, led by Megatron.", "Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen __knowledge__ Sam is having strange visions of Cybertronian symbols, and being hunted by the Decepticons under the orders of an ancient Decepticon named The Fallen, who seeks to get revenge on Earth by finding and activating a machine that would provide the Decepticons with an energon source, destroying the Sun and all life on Earth in the process.", "Rush Hour 2 __knowledge__ Rush Hour 2 is a 2001 martial arts buddy action comedy film and the sequel to the 1998 film \"Rush Hour\".", "Rush Hour 2 __knowledge__ Shifting the primary location from Los Angeles to Hong Kong, the film follows characters Inspector Lee (Jackie Chan) and James Carter (Chris Tucker) involved in a counterfeit scam involving the Triad.", "Rush Hour 2 __knowledge__ \"Rush Hour 2\" was released on August 3, 2001 and surpassed its predecessor, earning $347,325,902 in total.", "Rush Hour 2 __knowledge__ It became the 5th highest grossing domestic film of 2001 and is the highest grossing martial arts film.", "Rush Hour 2 __knowledge__ The film, however, received mixed reception.", "Rush Hour 2 __knowledge__ Four days after the events of \"Rush Hour\", LAPD Detective James Carter is on vacation in Hong Kong visiting his friend, Hong Kong Police Force Chief Inspector Lee, as he was asked to vacation along with Lee after helping save the Chinese Consul's Han daughter, Soo Yung, in Los Angeles.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Savages (2012 film) __knowledge__ Savages is a 2012 American crime thriller film directed by Oliver Stone.", "Savages (2012 film) __knowledge__ It is based on Don Winslow's novel of the same name.", "Savages (2012 film) __knowledge__ The screenplay was written by Shane Salerno, Stone, and Winslow.", "Savages (2012 film) __knowledge__ The film was released on July 6, 2012 to mixed reviews, and stars Taylor Kitsch, Blake Lively, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Demián Bichir, Benicio del Toro, Salma Hayek, John Travolta and Emile Hirsch.", "Savages (2012 film) __knowledge__ Best friends Chon (Taylor Kitsch) and Ben (Aaron Taylor-Johnson) are marijuana growers in Laguna Beach, California.", "Savages (2012 film) __knowledge__ Chon, a former Navy SEAL, smuggled the seeds for the plants out of Afghanistan.", "Savages (2012 film) __knowledge__ Ben, a University of California, Berkeley graduate in business and botany, cultivates the marijuana.", "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014 film) __knowledge__ Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles is a 2014 American superhero film based on the Mirage Studios characters of the same name.", "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014 film) __knowledge__ It is the fifth film in the \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" film series, and is also a reboot that features the main characters portrayed by a new cast, as the first in the reboot series.", "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014 film) __knowledge__ The film was directed by Jonathan Liebesman, written by Josh Appelbaum, André Nemec and Evan Daugherty, and stars Megan Fox, Will Arnett, William Fichtner and Whoopi Goldberg, and featuring the voices of Johnny Knoxville, Alan Ritchson, Noel Fisher, Jeremy Howard and Tony Shalhoub.", "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014 film) __knowledge__ The film was announced shortly before \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" co-creator Peter Laird sold the rights to the characters to Nickelodeon in October 2009.", "2007 Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ The 20th annual Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards were held on March 31, 2007, hosted by Justin Timberlake.", "2007 Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ It was the highest rated show in the history of the Kids Choice Awards.", "2007 Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ The show was held at Pauley Pavilion at the University of California, Los Angeles.", "2007 Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ Gwen Stefani (with Akon) and Maroon 5 performed during the show.", "2007 Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ Online voting began on March 5, 2007.", "2007 Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ A \"Name That Nominee\" special hosted by Lil' JJ aired on March 11.", "2007 Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ Another special called \"Deep Inside the KCAs\" (hosted by Emma Roberts) aired on March 18.", "2007 Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ Winners are listed first, in bold.", "2007 Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ Other nominees are in alphabetical order.", "2007 Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ Countdown to Kids' Choice: The Show: Favorite Movie Actress: Favorite Music Group: Special Bungee Jumping Slime World Record: Favorite TV Show: Favorite Voice From an Animated Movie: Maroon 5: Favorite TV Actor: Wannabe Award: Favorite Animated Movie: Favorite Movie Actor: Kids' Choice Burp Contest: Gwen Stefani feat.", "Katharine Hepburn __knowledge__ Katharine Houghton Hepburn (May 12, 1907 – June 29, 2003) was an American actress.", "Katharine Hepburn __knowledge__ Known for her fierce independence and spirited personality, Hepburn was a leading lady in Hollywood for more than 60 years.", "Katharine Hepburn __knowledge__ She appeared in a range of genres, from screwball comedy to literary drama, and she received four Academy Awards—a record for any performer—for Best Actress.", "Katharine Hepburn __knowledge__ In 1999, Hepburn was named by the American Film Institute as the greatest female star of Classic Hollywood Cinema.", "Katharine Hepburn __knowledge__ Raised in Connecticut by wealthy, progressive parents, Hepburn began to act while studying at Bryn Mawr College.", "Katharine Hepburn __knowledge__ After four years in the theatre, favorable reviews of her work on Broadway brought her to the attention of Hollywood.", "The Godfather Part II __knowledge__ The Godfather Part II is a 1974 American crime film produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola from a screenplay co-written with Mario Puzo, starring Al Pacino and Robert De Niro.", "The Godfather Part II __knowledge__ Partially based on Puzo's 1969 novel \"The Godfather\", the film is both sequel and prequel to \"The Godfather\", presenting parallel dramas: one picks up the 1958 story of Michael Corleone (Pacino), the new Don of the Corleone crime family, protecting the family business in the aftermath of an attempt on his life; the prequel covers the journey of his father, Vito Corleone (De Niro), from his Sicilian childhood to the founding of his family enterprise in New York City.", "Francis Ford Coppola __knowledge__ Francis Ford Coppola (; born April 7, 1939) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter and film composer.", "Francis Ford Coppola __knowledge__ He was a central figure in the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking.", "Francis Ford Coppola __knowledge__ After directing \"The Rain People\" (1969), he co-wrote the 1970 film \"Patton\", earning the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay along with co-writer Edmund H. North.", "Francis Ford Coppola __knowledge__ His directorial prominence was cemented with the release in 1972 of \"The Godfather\", a film which revolutionized movie-making in the gangster genre, earning praise from both critics and the public before winning three Academy Awards—including his second Oscar (Best Adapted Screenplay, with Mario Puzo), Best Picture, and his first nomination for Best Director.", "The Godfather Part III __knowledge__ The Godfather Part III is a 1990 American crime film written by Mario Puzo and Francis Ford Coppola, and directed by Coppola.", "The Godfather Part III __knowledge__ A sequel to \"The Godfather\" (1972) and \"The Godfather Part II\" (1974), it completes the story of Michael Corleone, a Mafia kingpin who attempts to legitimize his criminal empire.", "The Godfather Part III __knowledge__ The film also includes fictionalized accounts of two real-life events: the 1978 death of Pope John Paul I and the Papal banking scandal of 1981–82, both linked to Michael Corleone's business affairs.", "The Godfather Part III __knowledge__ The film stars Al Pacino, Diane Keaton, Talia Shire, and Andy García, and features Eli Wallach, Joe Mantegna, George Hamilton, Bridget Fonda, and Sofia Coppola.", "Al Pacino __knowledge__ Alfredo James Pacino (; born April 25, 1940) is an American actor and filmmaker.", "Al Pacino __knowledge__ Pacino has had a career spanning over five decades, during which time he has received numerous accolades and honors both competitive and honorary, among them an Academy Award, two Tony Awards, two Primetime Emmy Awards, a British Academy Film Award, four Golden Globe Awards, the Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Film Institute, the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award, and the National Medal of Arts.", "Al Pacino __knowledge__ He is also one of few performers to have won a competitive Oscar, an Emmy, and a Tony Award for acting, dubbed the \"Triple Crown of Acting\".", "The Godfather __knowledge__ The Godfather is a 1972 American crime film directed by Francis Ford Coppola and produced by Albert S. Ruddy, based on Mario Puzo's best-selling eponymous novel.", "The Godfather __knowledge__ It stars Marlon Brando and Al Pacino as the leaders of a fictional New York crime family.", "The Godfather __knowledge__ The story, spanning 1945 to 1955, chronicles the family under the patriarch Vito Corleone (Brando), focusing on the transformation of Michael Corleone (Pacino) from reluctant family outsider to ruthless mafia boss.", "The Godfather __knowledge__ Paramount Pictures obtained the rights to the novel for the price of $80,000, before it gained popularity.", "The Godfather __knowledge__ Studio executives had trouble finding a director; their first few candidates turned down the position.", "The Godfather (film series) __knowledge__ The Godfather is an American film series that consists of three crime drama films directed by Francis Ford Coppola inspired by the novel of the same name by Italian American author Mario Puzo.", "The Godfather (film series) __knowledge__ The series follows the trials of the Corleone family, Italian Americans whose patriarch, Vito Corleone, rises to be a major figure in American organized crime.", "The Godfather (film series) __knowledge__ His youngest son, Michael Corleone, becomes his successor.", "The Godfather (film series) __knowledge__ The films were distributed by Paramount Pictures and released in 1972, 1974 and 1990.", "The Godfather (film series) __knowledge__ The series achieved success at the box office, with the films earning over $550 million worldwide.", "The Godfather (film series) __knowledge__ \"The Godfather\", is seen by many as one of the greatest films of all time." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ Robert Anthony De Niro Jr. (; born August 17, 1943) is an American actor, producer, and director who holds both American and Italian citizenship.", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ De Niro was cast as the young Vito Corleone in the 1974 film \"The Godfather Part II\", for which he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ His longtime collaboration with director Martin Scorsese earned him the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Jake LaMotta in the 1980 film \"Raging Bull\".", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ He received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2003, the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award in 2010, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama in 2016.", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ De Niro's first major film roles were in the sports drama \"Bang the Drum Slowly\" (1973) and Scorsese's crime film \"Mean Streets\" (1973).", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ He earned Academy Award nominations for the psychological thrillers \"Taxi Driver\" (1976) and \"Cape Fear\" (1991), both directed by Scorsese.", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ De Niro received additional nominations for Michael Cimino's Vietnam war drama \"The Deer Hunter\" (1978), Penny Marshall's drama \"Awakenings\" (1990), and David O. Russell's romantic comedy-drama \"Silver Linings Playbook\" (2012).", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ His portrayal of gangster Jimmy Conway in Scorsese's crime film \"Goodfellas\" (1990), and his role as Rupert Pupkin in the black comedy film \"The King of Comedy\" (1983), earned him BAFTA Award nominations.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps is a dice game in which the players make wagers on the outcome of the roll, or a series of rolls, of a pair of dice.", "Craps __knowledge__ Players may wager money against each other (playing \"street craps\", also known as \"shooting dice,\" \"rolling bones,\" or any combination thereof) or a bank (playing \"casino craps\", also known as \"table craps\", or often just \"craps\").", "Craps __knowledge__ Because it requires little equipment, \"street craps\" can be played in informal settings.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps developed from a simplification of the early English game of \"hazard\".", "Craps __knowledge__ Its origins are complex and may date to the Crusades, later being influenced by French gamblers.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ In the game of poker, the play largely centers on the act of betting, and as such, a protocol has been developed to speed up play, lessen confusion, and increase security while playing.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Different games are played using different types of bets, and small variations in etiquette exist between cardrooms, but for the most part the following rules and protocol are observed by the majority of poker players.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Players in a poker game act in turn, in clockwise rotation (acting out of turn can negatively affect other players).", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ When it is a player's turn to act, the first verbal declaration or action they take binds them to their choice of action; this rule prevents a player from changing their action after seeing how other players react to their initial, verbal action.", "Bet hedging (biology) __knowledge__ Biological bet hedging occurs when organisms suffer decreased fitness in their typical conditions in exchange for increased fitness in stressful conditions.", "Bet hedging (biology) __knowledge__ Biological bet hedging was originally proposed to explain the observation of a seed bank, or a reservoir of ungerminated seeds in the soil.", "Bet hedging (biology) __knowledge__ For example, an annual plant's fitness is maximized for that year if all of its seeds germinate.", "Bet hedging (biology) __knowledge__ However, if a drought occurs that kills germinated plants, but not ungerminated seeds, plants with seeds remaining in the seed bank will have a fitness advantage.", "Bet hedging (biology) __knowledge__ Therefore, it can be advantageous for plants to \"hedge their bets\" in case of a drought by producing some seeds that germinate immediately and other seeds that lie dormant.", "Roulette __knowledge__ Roulette is a casino game named after the French word meaning \"little wheel\".", "Roulette __knowledge__ In the game, players may choose to place bets on either a single number, various groupings of numbers, the colors red or black, whether the number is odd or even, or if the numbers are high (19–36) or low (1–18).", "Roulette __knowledge__ Interestingly, the sum of all the numbers on the roulette wheel (from 0 to 36) is 666, which is the \"Number of the Beast\".", "Roulette __knowledge__ One legend says that François Blanc made a deal with the devil to obtain the secrets of roulette.", "Roulette __knowledge__ To determine the winning number and color, a croupier spins a wheel in one direction, then spins a ball in the opposite direction around a tilted circular track running around the circumference of the wheel.", "Bet Lynch __knowledge__ Elizabeth Theresa \"Bet\" Lynch (also Gilroy) is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera, \"Coronation Street\".", "Bet Lynch __knowledge__ Portrayed by Julie Goodyear, the character first appears on screen during the episode airing on Monday 23 May 1966.", "Bet Lynch __knowledge__ The character returned in 1970, being made a barmaid at the Rovers Return Inn.", "Bet Lynch __knowledge__ In 1985, she became the landlady of the pub.", "Bet Lynch __knowledge__ In October 1995, unable to pay her debts, she fled Weatherfield.", "Bet Lynch __knowledge__ She made brief comebacks in 2002 and 2003.", "Bet Lynch __knowledge__ One of the serial's most popular characters ever, Bet first appeared back in May 1966, but did not become a regular until four and half years later in December 1970.", "BET __knowledge__ Black Entertainment Television (BET, stylised as BET⭐️) is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by the BET Networks division of Viacom.", "BET __knowledge__ It is the most prominent television network targeting African American audiences, with approximately 88,255,000 American households (75.8% of households with television) receiving the channel.", "BET __knowledge__ The channel has offices in Washington, D.C., New York City, Los Angeles and Chicago.", "BET __knowledge__ Programming on the network consists of original and acquired television series and theatrically and direct-to-video-released films.", "BET __knowledge__ The network has also aired a variety of stand-up comedy, news, and current affairs programs, and formerly aired mainstream rap, hip-hop and R&B music videos; the latter of which now air on its branded sister networks.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ Teen patti (, meaning 'three cards' in English) (also known as flash or flush) is a gambling card game that originated in the Indian Subcontinent.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ The game, which is actually a simplified version of poker, is popular throughout South Asia.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ Boats out of India call it \"flush\" to escape any legal negativity surrounding the game where it is played legally.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ The game starts with one of the players dealing the cards.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ The cards are usually dealt counter-clockwise.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ Before starting the game, usually an agreed number of card(s) is/are picked or dealt to decide the dealer for the opening hand.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ Each player may be required to put up an ante into the pot before picking/dealing the card(s).", "Al Pacino __knowledge__ Alfredo James Pacino (; born April 25, 1940) is an American actor and filmmaker.", "Al Pacino __knowledge__ Pacino has had a career spanning over five decades, during which time he has received numerous accolades and honors both competitive and honorary, among them an Academy Award, two Tony Awards, two Primetime Emmy Awards, a British Academy Film Award, four Golden Globe Awards, the Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Film Institute, the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award, and the National Medal of Arts.", "Al Pacino __knowledge__ He is also one of few performers to have won a competitive Oscar, an Emmy, and a Tony Award for acting, dubbed the \"Triple Crown of Acting\".", "The Godfather Part II __knowledge__ The Godfather Part II is a 1974 American crime film produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola from a screenplay co-written with Mario Puzo, starring Al Pacino and Robert De Niro.", "The Godfather Part II __knowledge__ Partially based on Puzo's 1969 novel \"The Godfather\", the film is both sequel and prequel to \"The Godfather\", presenting parallel dramas: one picks up the 1958 story of Michael Corleone (Pacino), the new Don of the Corleone crime family, protecting the family business in the aftermath of an attempt on his life; the prequel covers the journey of his father, Vito Corleone (De Niro), from his Sicilian childhood to the founding of his family enterprise in New York City.", "The Godfather __knowledge__ The Godfather is a 1972 American crime film directed by Francis Ford Coppola and produced by Albert S. Ruddy, based on Mario Puzo's best-selling eponymous novel.", "The Godfather __knowledge__ It stars Marlon Brando and Al Pacino as the leaders of a fictional New York crime family.", "The Godfather __knowledge__ The story, spanning 1945 to 1955, chronicles the family under the patriarch Vito Corleone (Brando), focusing on the transformation of Michael Corleone (Pacino) from reluctant family outsider to ruthless mafia boss.", "The Godfather __knowledge__ Paramount Pictures obtained the rights to the novel for the price of $80,000, before it gained popularity.", "The Godfather __knowledge__ Studio executives had trouble finding a director; their first few candidates turned down the position.", "Francis Ford Coppola __knowledge__ Francis Ford Coppola (; born April 7, 1939) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter and film composer.", "Francis Ford Coppola __knowledge__ He was a central figure in the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking.", "Francis Ford Coppola __knowledge__ After directing \"The Rain People\" (1969), he co-wrote the 1970 film \"Patton\", earning the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay along with co-writer Edmund H. North.", "Francis Ford Coppola __knowledge__ His directorial prominence was cemented with the release in 1972 of \"The Godfather\", a film which revolutionized movie-making in the gangster genre, earning praise from both critics and the public before winning three Academy Awards—including his second Oscar (Best Adapted Screenplay, with Mario Puzo), Best Picture, and his first nomination for Best Director.", "The Godfather Part III __knowledge__ The Godfather Part III is a 1990 American crime film written by Mario Puzo and Francis Ford Coppola, and directed by Coppola.", "The Godfather Part III __knowledge__ A sequel to \"The Godfather\" (1972) and \"The Godfather Part II\" (1974), it completes the story of Michael Corleone, a Mafia kingpin who attempts to legitimize his criminal empire.", "The Godfather Part III __knowledge__ The film also includes fictionalized accounts of two real-life events: the 1978 death of Pope John Paul I and the Papal banking scandal of 1981–82, both linked to Michael Corleone's business affairs.", "The Godfather Part III __knowledge__ The film stars Al Pacino, Diane Keaton, Talia Shire, and Andy García, and features Eli Wallach, Joe Mantegna, George Hamilton, Bridget Fonda, and Sofia Coppola.", "John Cazale __knowledge__ John Holland Cazale (; ; August 12, 1935 – March 13, 1978) was an American actor.", "John Cazale __knowledge__ He appeared in five films over a period of six years, all of which were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture: \"The Godfather\", \"The Conversation\", \"The Godfather Part II\", \"Dog Day Afternoon\", and \"The Deer Hunter.\"", "John Cazale __knowledge__ He appeared in archival footage in \"The Godfather Part III\", also nominated for Best Picture.", "John Cazale __knowledge__ From his start as a theater actor, he became one of Hollywood's premier character actors, starting with his role as the doomed, weak-minded Fredo Corleone opposite longtime friend Al Pacino in Francis Ford Coppola's film \"The Godfather\" and its 1974 sequel." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ Robert Anthony De Niro Jr. (; born August 17, 1943) is an American actor, producer, and director who holds both American and Italian citizenship.", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ De Niro was cast as the young Vito Corleone in the 1974 film \"The Godfather Part II\", for which he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ His longtime collaboration with director Martin Scorsese earned him the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Jake LaMotta in the 1980 film \"Raging Bull\".", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ He received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2003, the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award in 2010, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama in 2016.", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ De Niro's first major film roles were in the sports drama \"Bang the Drum Slowly\" (1973) and Scorsese's crime film \"Mean Streets\" (1973).", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ He earned Academy Award nominations for the psychological thrillers \"Taxi Driver\" (1976) and \"Cape Fear\" (1991), both directed by Scorsese.", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ De Niro received additional nominations for Michael Cimino's Vietnam war drama \"The Deer Hunter\" (1978), Penny Marshall's drama \"Awakenings\" (1990), and David O. Russell's romantic comedy-drama \"Silver Linings Playbook\" (2012).", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ His portrayal of gangster Jimmy Conway in Scorsese's crime film \"Goodfellas\" (1990), and his role as Rupert Pupkin in the black comedy film \"The King of Comedy\" (1983), earned him BAFTA Award nominations.", "Kill the Irishman __knowledge__ Kill the Irishman (alternatively known as Bulletproof Gangster) is a 2011 American biographical crime film directed by Jonathan Hensleigh, and starring Ray Stevenson, Vincent D'Onofrio, Christopher Walken, and Val Kilmer.", "Kill the Irishman __knowledge__ Written by Hensleigh (along with Jeremy Walters), it is based on the life of Irish-American gangster Danny Greene, and was adapted from the book \"To Kill the Irishman: The War That Crippled the Mafia\" by Rick Porrello.", "Kill the Irishman __knowledge__ Before entering production, \"Kill the Irishman\" had a troubled development stage that lasted over a decade.", "Kill the Irishman __knowledge__ Production commenced in 2009, with filming taking place in and around Detroit.", "Gangs of Wasseypur – Part 1 __knowledge__ Gangs of Wasseypur – Part 1 (stylised as Gangs of वासेपुर) is a 2012 Indian crime film, produced and directed by Anurag Kashyap, and written by Kashyap and Zeishan Quadri.", "Gangs of Wasseypur – Part 1 __knowledge__ It is the first installment of the \"Gangs of Wasseypur\" series, centered on the coal mafia of Dhanbad, Jharkhand, and the underlying power struggles, politics and vengeance between three crime families.", "Gangs of Wasseypur – Part 1 __knowledge__ \"Part 1\" features ensemble cast with Manoj Bajpayee, Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Richa Chadda, Huma Qureshi, Tigmanshu Dhulia and Pankaj Tripathi in the major roles.", "Gangs of Wasseypur – Part 1 __knowledge__ Its story spans from the early 1940s to the mid-1990s.", "Gangs of Wasseypur – Part 1 __knowledge__ Both parts were originally shot as a single film measuring a total of 319 minutes and screened at the 2012 Cannes Directors' Fortnight but since no Indian theatre would volunteer to screen a five plus hour film, it was divided into two parts (160 minutes and 159 minutes respectively) for the Indian market.", "Sicilian Mafia __knowledge__ The Sicilian Mafia, also known as simply the Mafia and frequently referred to by members as Cosa Nostra (, \"our thing\"), is a criminal syndicate in Sicily, Italy.", "Sicilian Mafia __knowledge__ It is a loose association of criminal groups that share a common organisational structure and code of conduct.", "Sicilian Mafia __knowledge__ The basic group is known as a \"family\", \"clan\", or \"\"cosca\"\".", "Sicilian Mafia __knowledge__ Each family claims sovereignty over a territory, usually a town or village or a neighbourhood (\"borgata\") of a larger city, in which it operates its rackets.", "Sicilian Mafia __knowledge__ Its members call themselves \"men of honour\", although the public often refers to them as \"mafiosi\".", "Sicilian Mafia __knowledge__ The Mafia's core activities are protection racketeering, the arbitration of disputes between criminals, and the organizing and oversight of illegal agreements and transactions.", "Detroit Partnership __knowledge__ The Detroit Partnership, also known as the Detroit crime family, Detroit Combination, Detroit Mafia, or Zerilli crime family (pronounced ) is an American Mafia crime family based in Detroit, Michigan.", "Detroit Partnership __knowledge__ The first dominant Mafia leader to be recognized in the Detroit area was the older of two brothers originally from the Alcamo, Sicily area.", "Detroit Partnership __knowledge__ Born in 1881, Vito Adamo and his brother Salvatore, two years his junior led a gang of Black Hand extortionists, thieves and beer runners and were the first Italian criminals in their area to control the smuggling of immigrants into the Michigan area.", "Detroit Partnership __knowledge__ Vito Adamo resided in the Wyandotte area while the brothers ran a profitable criminal enterprise based in the Little Italy section of Detroit that extorted grocers and other merchants.", "American Mafia __knowledge__ The American Mafia (commonly shortened to the Mafia or the Mob, though “the Mob\" can refer to other organized crime groups) or Italian-American Mafia, is a highly organized Italian-American criminal society.", "American Mafia __knowledge__ The organization is often referred to by members as Cosa Nostra (, \"our thing\") and by the government as La Cosa Nostra (LCN).", "American Mafia __knowledge__ The organization's name is derived from the original \"Mafia\" or \"Cosa nostra\", the Sicilian Mafia, and it originally emerged as an offshoot of the Sicilian Mafia; however, the organization eventually encompassed or absorbed other Italian-American gangsters and Italian-American crime groups (such as the American Camorra) living in the United States and Canada that are not of Sicilian origin.", "John C. Montana __knowledge__ John C. Montana (born Giovanni Montana) (July 1, 1893 – March 18, 1964) was a Buffalo, New York labor racketeer, political fixer, and elected politician who eventually became the underboss and/or consiglieri of the Buffalo crime family.", "John C. Montana __knowledge__ Born in Montedoro, Sicily, Montana immigrated to the United States in 1907.", "John C. Montana __knowledge__ By the 1920s, with the start of Prohibition, Montana allegedly became involved in bootlegging.", "John C. Montana __knowledge__ His attendance at a national Mafia conference at Chicago in 1931 signaled the rise of his criminal career within organized crime, eventually becoming #3 of the Buffalo family.", "John C. Montana __knowledge__ He had been elected to public office and held numerous prominent positions.", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ Domenica is the daughter of Janice and Bobby Baccalieri.", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ She was born sometime in 2005, after her parents got married.", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ Getting her registered for a pre-school was the reason why Janice and Bobby were not able to take care of Junior the night he shot Tony.", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ Domenica rode the amusement ride with her mother at the Feast of St. Elzéar when it broke.", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ She longed for another ride and Tony later spun her around at the feast, to her joy.", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ That year, Janice took Domenica to Satriale's Pork Store to demand that Tony make Bobby a capo.", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ In 2007, Domenica played at the house near the lake when Tony, Carmela, Bobby, and Janice celebrated Tony's birthday.", "Jamaica at the 2008 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ Jamaica sent a delegation to compete at the 2008 Summer Olympics, held in Beijing, People's Republic of China from August 8 to August 24, 2008.", "Jamaica at the 2008 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ This was, by far, Jamaica's best showing at the Summer Olympics; it was the nation's largest delegation yet, and its athletes nearly doubled its total gold medal count in addition to breaking the nation's record for number of medals earned in a single games.", "Jamaica at the 2008 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ Jamaica's appearance at Beijing was its fifteenth consecutive appearance and appearance as an independent nation, although it had previously participated in four other games (including its 1948 debut) as a British colony and as part of the West Indies Federation.", "Asian Americans in arts and entertainment __knowledge__ Asian Americans have been involved in the entertainment industry since the first half of the 19th century, when Chang and Eng Bunker (the original \"Siamese Twins\") became naturalized citizens.", "Asian Americans in arts and entertainment __knowledge__ Acting roles in television, film, and theater were relatively few, and many available roles were for narrow, stereotypical characters.", "Asian Americans in arts and entertainment __knowledge__ Early Asian American actors such as Sessue Hayakawa, Anna May Wong, and Bruce Lee encountered a movie-making culture that wanted to cast them as caricatures.", "Asian Americans in arts and entertainment __knowledge__ Or like actress Merle Oberon who hid her heritage so she wouldn't have been discriminated by Hollywood's racist laws.", "Trinidad and Tobago at the 2008 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ Trinidad and Tobago sent a delegation to compete at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China.", "Trinidad and Tobago at the 2008 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ Its participation in the Beijing games marked its eighteenth Olympic appearance and fifteenth Summer Olympic appearance since its debut at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, excluding its joint participation with Jamaica and Barbados in 1960 as the West Indies Federation.", "Trinidad and Tobago at the 2008 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ With 28 athletes, more Trinidadians had competed at the Olympics than in any other single Olympic games in its history before Beijing.", "Trinidad and Tobago at the 2008 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ Athletes representing Trinidad and Tobago advanced past the preliminary or qualification rounds in twelve events and reached the final rounds in four of those events.", "Orson Welles __knowledge__ George Orson Welles (; May 6, 1915 – October 10, 1985) was an American actor, director, writer, and producer who worked in theatre, radio, and film.", "Orson Welles __knowledge__ He is remembered for his innovative work in all three: in theatre, most notably \"Caesar\" (1937), a Broadway adaptation of William Shakespeare's \"Julius Caesar\"; in radio, the legendary 1938 broadcast \"The War of the Worlds\"; and in film, \"Citizen Kane\" (1941), consistently ranked as one of the greatest films ever made.", "Orson Welles __knowledge__ In his 20s, Welles directed a number of high-profile stage productions for the Federal Theatre Project, including an adaptation of \"Macbeth\" with an entirely African American cast, and the political musical \"The Cradle Will Rock\".", "Defence of the Reich __knowledge__ The Defence of the Reich () is the name given to the strategic defensive aerial campaign fought by the \"Luftwaffe\" over German-occupied Europe and Nazi Germany during World War II.", "Defence of the Reich __knowledge__ Its aim was to prevent the destruction of German civilians, military and civil industries by the Western Allies.", "Defence of the Reich __knowledge__ The day and night air battles over Germany during the war involved thousands of aircraft, units and aerial engagements to counter the Allied strategic bombing campaign.", "Defence of the Reich __knowledge__ The campaign was one of the longest in the history of aerial warfare and with the Battle of the Atlantic and the Allied Blockade of Germany was the longest of the war.", "Alan Ladd __knowledge__ Alan Walbridge Ladd (September 3, 1913 – January 29, 1964) was an American actor and film and television producer.", "Alan Ladd __knowledge__ Ladd found success in film in the 1940s and early 1950s, particularly in Westerns such as \"Shane\" (1953) and films noir in which he was often paired with Veronica Lake, such as \"This Gun for Hire\" (1942), \"The Glass Key\" (1942) and \"The Blue Dahlia\" (1946).", "Alan Ladd __knowledge__ Other notable credits include \"Two Years Before the Mast\" (1946), \"Whispering Smith\" (1948) and \"The Great Gatsby\" (1949).", "Alan Ladd __knowledge__ His popularity diminished in the late 1950s, though he continued to appear in popular films until his accidental death due to a lethal combination of alcohol, a barbiturate, and two tranquilizers." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ Robert Anthony De Niro Jr. (; born August 17, 1943) is an American actor, producer, and director who holds both American and Italian citizenship.", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ De Niro was cast as the young Vito Corleone in the 1974 film \"The Godfather Part II\", for which he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ His longtime collaboration with director Martin Scorsese earned him the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Jake LaMotta in the 1980 film \"Raging Bull\".", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ He received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2003, the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award in 2010, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama in 2016.", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ De Niro's first major film roles were in the sports drama \"Bang the Drum Slowly\" (1973) and Scorsese's crime film \"Mean Streets\" (1973).", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ He earned Academy Award nominations for the psychological thrillers \"Taxi Driver\" (1976) and \"Cape Fear\" (1991), both directed by Scorsese.", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ De Niro received additional nominations for Michael Cimino's Vietnam war drama \"The Deer Hunter\" (1978), Penny Marshall's drama \"Awakenings\" (1990), and David O. Russell's romantic comedy-drama \"Silver Linings Playbook\" (2012).", "Robert De Niro __knowledge__ His portrayal of gangster Jimmy Conway in Scorsese's crime film \"Goodfellas\" (1990), and his role as Rupert Pupkin in the black comedy film \"The King of Comedy\" (1983), earned him BAFTA Award nominations.", "Robert De Niro Sr. __knowledge__ Robert Henry De Niro (May 3, 1922 – May 3, 1993), better known as Robert De Niro Sr., was an American abstract expressionist painter and the father of actor Robert De Niro.", "Robert De Niro Sr. __knowledge__ Robert De Niro Sr. was born in Syracuse, New York, to an Italian-American father, Henry Martin De Niro (1897–1976), whose parents emigrated from Ferrazzano, in the province of Campobasso, Molise, and an Irish-American mother, Helen M. (née O'Reilly; 1899–1999).", "Robert De Niro Sr. __knowledge__ He was the eldest of three children; he and siblings John and Joan were raised in Syracuse, New York.", "Robert De Niro Sr. __knowledge__ De Niro studied at the renowned Black Mountain College under Josef Albers from 1939 to 1940.", "Martin Scorsese __knowledge__ Martin Charles Scorsese (; born November 17, 1942) is an American director, producer, screenwriter, and film historian, whose career spans more than 50 years.", "Martin Scorsese __knowledge__ Scorsese's body of work addresses such themes as Sicilian-American identity, Roman Catholic concepts of guilt and redemption, faith, machismo, modern crime, and gang conflict.", "Martin Scorsese __knowledge__ Many of his films are also known for their depiction of violence and liberal use of profanity.", "Martin Scorsese __knowledge__ Part of the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking, he is widely regarded as one of the most significant and influential filmmakers in cinematic history.", "Martin Scorsese __knowledge__ In 1990, he founded The Film Foundation, a nonprofit organization dedicated to film preservation, and in 2007 he founded the World Cinema Foundation.", "The Good Shepherd (film) __knowledge__ The Good Shepherd is a 2006 spy film produced and directed by Robert De Niro and starring Matt Damon, Angelina Jolie and De Niro, with an extensive supporting cast.", "The Good Shepherd (film) __knowledge__ De Niro also produced it with James G. Robinson and Jane Rosenthal.", "The Good Shepherd (film) __knowledge__ Although it is a fictional film loosely based on real events, it is advertised as telling the untold story of the birth of counter-intelligence in the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).", "The Good Shepherd (film) __knowledge__ The film's main character, Edward Wilson (portrayed by Damon), is loosely based on James Jesus Angleton and Richard M. Bissell.", "The Good Shepherd (film) __knowledge__ Eric Roth, the film's screenwriter, began to work on the project after he abandoned his attempt to bring Norman Mailer's \"Harlot's Ghost\" to the screen.", "Raging Bull __knowledge__ Raging Bull is a 1980 American biographical black-and-white sports drama film directed by Martin Scorsese, produced by Robert Chartoff and Irwin Winkler and adapted by Paul Schrader and Mardik Martin from Jake LaMotta's memoir \"\".", "Raging Bull __knowledge__ It stars Robert De Niro as Jake LaMotta, an Italian American middleweight boxer whose self-destructive and obsessive rage, sexual jealousy, and animalistic appetite destroyed his relationship with his wife and family.", "Raging Bull __knowledge__ Also featured in the film are Joe Pesci as Joey, LaMotta's well-intentioned brother and manager who tries to help Jake battle his inner demons, and Cathy Moriarty as his wife.", "The Deer Hunter __knowledge__ The Deer Hunter is a 1978 American epic war drama film co-written and directed by Michael Cimino about a trio of Russian American steelworkers whose lives are changed forever after they fight in the Vietnam War.", "The Deer Hunter __knowledge__ The three soldiers are played by Robert De Niro, Christopher Walken, and John Savage, with John Cazale (in his final role), Meryl Streep, and George Dzundza playing supporting roles.", "The Deer Hunter __knowledge__ The story takes place in Clairton, Pennsylvania, a small working class town on the Monongahela River south of Pittsburgh, and in Vietnam.", "The Deer Hunter __knowledge__ The film was based in part on an unproduced screenplay called \"The Man Who Came to Play\" by Louis Garfinkle and Quinn K. Redeker, about Las Vegas and Russian roulette.", "Taxi Driver __knowledge__ Taxi Driver is a 1976 American neo-noir psychological thriller directed by Martin Scorsese and written by Paul Schrader.", "Taxi Driver __knowledge__ Set in New York City following the Vietnam War, the film stars Robert De Niro, and features Jodie Foster, Harvey Keitel, Cybill Shepherd, Peter Boyle, and Albert Brooks.", "Taxi Driver __knowledge__ Critically acclaimed upon release and nominated for four Academy Awards, including Best Picture, \"Taxi Driver\" won the Palme d'Or at the 1976 Cannes Film Festival.", "Taxi Driver __knowledge__ It is regularly cited by critics, film directors, and audiences alike as one of the greatest films of all time.", "Taxi Driver __knowledge__ In 2012, \"Sight & Sound\" named it the 31st-best film ever in its decennial critics' poll, ranked with \"The Godfather Part II\", and the fifth-greatest film of all time on its directors' poll.", "AFI Life Achievement Award __knowledge__ The AFI Life Achievement Award was established by the Board of Directors of the American Film Institute on February 26, 1973, to honor a single individual for his or her lifetime contribution to enriching American culture through motion pictures and television.", "AFI Life Achievement Award __knowledge__ The recipient is selected and honored at a ceremony annually, with the award presented by a master of ceremonies and recently, the prior year's recipient, who usually gives a brief synopsis of the awarded individual and career background including highlights and achievements.", "AFI Life Achievement Award __knowledge__ The Trustees initially specified that the recipient must be one who fundamentally advanced the art of film and whose achievements had been acknowledged by the general public as well as by film scholars and critics and the individual's peers.", "George Stevens Jr. __knowledge__ George Cooper Stevens Jr. (born April 3, 1932) is an American writer, author, playwright, director and producer.", "George Stevens Jr. __knowledge__ He is the founder of the American Film Institute, creator of the AFI Life Achievement Award and instigator/producer of the Kennedy Center Honors.", "George Stevens Jr. __knowledge__ Since 2009 he has served as Co-Chairman of the President's Committee on the Arts and Humanities.", "George Stevens Jr. __knowledge__ Accolades to date for his professional career include seventeen Emmys, eight Writers Guild awards, two Peabody Awards, the Humanitas Prize and an Honorary Academy Award.", "George Stevens Jr. __knowledge__ George Stevens Jr. was born in Los Angeles, California, son of Academy Award–winning director George Stevens (1904–1975) and actress mother Yvonne Howell (née Julia Rose Shevlin; 1905–2010), and grandson of actors Landers Stevens and Georgie Cooper and comedian Alice Howell.", "List of awards and nominations received by Alfred Hitchcock __knowledge__ The following is a list of awards and nominations received by English film director and producer Sir Alfred Hitchcock, chronicling his achievements in the film industry.", "List of awards and nominations received by Alfred Hitchcock __knowledge__ The six-times Academy Awards-nominee and four times the Emmy Awards demonstrably won eight Golden Laurel Awards, two Golden Globes, the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award, the AFI Life Achievement Award, the Directors Guild of America Award, the Film Society of Lincoln Center's Gala Tribute Award, the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures Award, the New York Film Critics Circle Award, and the Saturn Award.", "List of awards and nominations received by Alfred Hitchcock __knowledge__ In England, Hitchcock was honored by the BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award and made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire by the Queen Elizabeth II.", "Meryl Streep __knowledge__ Mary Louise Streep (born June 22, 1949), known professionally as Meryl Streep, is an American actress and philanthropist.", "Meryl Streep __knowledge__ Cited in the media as the \"best actress of her generation\", Streep is particularly known for her versatility and accent adaptation.", "Meryl Streep __knowledge__ Nominated for a record 21 Academy Awards, she has won thrice.", "Meryl Streep __knowledge__ Streep has also received 31 Golden Globe nominations, winning eight — more nominations and competitive wins than any other actor.", "Meryl Streep __knowledge__ Streep made her stage debut in \"Trelawny of the Wells\" in 1975.", "Meryl Streep __knowledge__ In 1976, she received a Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actress in a Play for \"27 Wagons Full of Cotton\".", "Dustin Hoffman __knowledge__ Dustin Lee Hoffman (born August 8, 1937) is an American actor and director, with a career in film, television, and theater since 1960.", "Dustin Hoffman __knowledge__ Hoffman has been known for his versatile portrayals of antiheroes and vulnerable characters.", "Dustin Hoffman __knowledge__ He won the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1980 for \"Kramer vs. Kramer\", and in 1989 for \"Rain Man\".", "Dustin Hoffman __knowledge__ Hoffman first drew critical praise for starring in the play, \"Eh?", "Dustin Hoffman __knowledge__ \", for which he won a Theatre World Award and a Drama Desk Award.", "Dustin Hoffman __knowledge__ This achievement was soon followed by his breakthrough 1967 film role as Benjamin Braddock, the title character in \"The Graduate\".", "Dustin Hoffman __knowledge__ Since that time, Hoffman's career has largely been focused on the cinema, with sporadic returns to television and to the stage.", "Jane Fonda __knowledge__ Jane Seymour Fonda (born December 21, 1937) is an American actress, writer, political activist, former fashion model and fitness guru.", "Jane Fonda __knowledge__ She is a two-time Academy Award winner and two-time BAFTA Award winner.", "Jane Fonda __knowledge__ In 2014, she was the recipient of the American Film Institute AFI Life Achievement Award.", "Jane Fonda __knowledge__ Fonda made her Broadway debut in the 1960 play \"There Was a Little Girl\", for which she received the first of two Tony Award nominations, and made her screen debut later the same year in \"Tall Story\".", "Jane Fonda __knowledge__ She rose to fame in 1960s films such as \"Period of Adjustment\" (1962), \"Walk on the Wild Side\" (1962), \"Sunday in New York\" (1963), \"Cat Ballou\" (1965), \"Barefoot in the Park\" (1967) and \"Barbarella\" (1968)." ] ]

[ 2, 2, 1, 4, 4 ]

[ "Of course he is. I love him so much in the 1974 film \"The Godfather Part II\"", "That is amazing. But The Godfather Part II won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "Of course he is an American actor and was born in August 17, 1943", "Yes, the roles fits him and that is why He received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2003,", "Of course he is. If not why should he recieve the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama in 2016." ]

[ "Robert De Niro", "Robert De Niro", "Robert De Niro", "Robert De Niro", "Robert De Niro" ]

[ "Florida", "Cool! I used to leave near the Gulf of Mexico, in Galveston.", "I was! It was scary, but fortunately I was not affected. There was a lot of flooding." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida (; Spanish for \"land of flowers\") is the southernmost state in the southeastern region of the United States.", "Florida __knowledge__ The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico and Alabama, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida is the 22nd-most extensive, the 3rd-most populous, and the 8th-most densely populated of the U.S. states.", "Florida __knowledge__ Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States (due to the consolidation of Jacksonville with Duval County).", "Florida __knowledge__ The Miami metropolitan area is Florida's most populous urban area.", "Florida __knowledge__ Tallahassee is the state's capital.", "Florida __knowledge__ About two-thirds of Florida occupies a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately , not including the contribution of the many barrier islands.", "Florida __knowledge__ It is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.", "Florida __knowledge__ Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida has the lowest high point of any U.S. state.", "Florida __knowledge__ The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida (; Spanish for \"land of flowers\") is the southernmost state in the southeastern region of the United States.", "Florida __knowledge__ The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico and Alabama, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida is the 22nd-most extensive, the 3rd-most populous, and the 8th-most densely populated of the U.S. states.", "Florida __knowledge__ Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States (due to the consolidation of Jacksonville with Duval County).", "Florida __knowledge__ The Miami metropolitan area is Florida's most populous urban area.", "Florida __knowledge__ Tallahassee is the state's capital.", "Florida __knowledge__ About two-thirds of Florida occupies a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately , not including the contribution of the many barrier islands.", "Florida __knowledge__ It is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.", "Florida __knowledge__ Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida has the lowest high point of any U.S. state.", "Florida __knowledge__ The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south.", "Galveston, Texas __knowledge__ Galveston ( ) is a coastal resort city on Galveston Island and Pelican Island in the U.S. state of Texas.", "Galveston, Texas __knowledge__ The community of , with an estimated population of 50,180 in 2015, is the county seat and second-largest municipality of Galveston County.", "Galveston, Texas __knowledge__ It is within metropolitan area.", "Galveston, Texas __knowledge__ Named after Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Count of Gálvez (born in Macharaviaya, Malaga, Spain), Galveston's first European settlements on the island were built around 1816 by French pirate Louis-Michel Aury to help the fledgling Republic of Mexico fight Spain.", "Galveston, Texas __knowledge__ The Port of Galveston was established in 1825 by the Congress of Mexico following its independence from Spain.", "Effects of Hurricane Ike in Texas __knowledge__ The effects of Hurricane Ike in Texas were crippling and long-lasting.", "Effects of Hurricane Ike in Texas __knowledge__ Ike's effects included deaths, widespread damage, and impacts to the price and availability of oil and gas.", "Effects of Hurricane Ike in Texas __knowledge__ Hurricane Ike also had a long-term impact on the U.S. economy.", "Effects of Hurricane Ike in Texas __knowledge__ Making landfall over Galveston, at 2:10 a.m. CDT on September 13, 2008, Category 2 Hurricane Ike caused extensive damage in Texas, with sustained winds of 110 mph (175 km/h), a 22 ft (6.8 m) storm surge, and widespread coastal flooding.", "Effects of Hurricane Ike in Texas __knowledge__ More than 140,000 residents in the Texas Gulf Coast danger zones in Ike's path had failed to evacuate, partly due to fears of multi-hour traffic jams as during Hurricane Rita, but over 940 were rescued from rising waters, and nearly 2,000 rescued afterward.", "History of Galveston, Texas __knowledge__ The History of Galveston, Texas, begins with the archaeological record of Native Americans who used the island.", "History of Galveston, Texas __knowledge__ The first European settlements on the island were constructed around 1816.", "History of Galveston, Texas __knowledge__ The Port of Galveston was established in 1825 by the Congress of Mexico following its successful revolution from Spain.", "History of Galveston, Texas __knowledge__ The city served as the main port for the Texas Navy during the Texas Revolution.", "History of Galveston, Texas __knowledge__ Galveston was founded in 1836 by Matthew Sabo and served as the capital of the Republic of Texas.", "History of Galveston, Texas __knowledge__ The Battle of Galveston was fought in Galveston Bay during the American Civil War when Confederate forces under Major General John B. Magruder attacked and expelled occupying Union troops from the city.", "1900 Galveston hurricane __knowledge__ The Great Galveston Hurricane, known regionally as the Great Storm of 1900, was a Category 4 storm, with winds of up to , which made landfall on September 8, 1900, in Galveston, Texas, in the United States.", "1900 Galveston hurricane __knowledge__ It killed 6,000 to 12,000 people, making it the deadliest hurricane and natural disaster in U.S. history.", "1900 Galveston hurricane __knowledge__ The hurricane appears to have started as an atmospheric trough from West Africa, causing unsettled weather in the Caribbean, and emerging into the Florida Straits as a tropical storm on September 5.", "1900 Galveston hurricane __knowledge__ Owing to contradictory forecasts, the people of Galveston felt no alarm until the official hurricane warning of September 7.", "Free State of Galveston __knowledge__ The Free State of Galveston (sometimes referred to as the Republic of Galveston Island) was a whimsical name given to the coastal city of Galveston in the U.S. state of Texas during the early-to-mid-20th century.", "Free State of Galveston __knowledge__ Today, the term is sometimes used to describe the culture and history of that era.", "Free State of Galveston __knowledge__ During the Roaring Twenties, Galveston Island emerged as a popular resort town, attracting celebrities from around the country.", "Free State of Galveston __knowledge__ Gambling, illegal liquor, and other vice-oriented businesses were a major part of tourism.", "Free State of Galveston __knowledge__ The \"Free State\" moniker embodied a belief held by many locals that Galveston was beyond what they perceived were repressive mores and laws of Texas and the United States.", "History of the Galveston Bay Area __knowledge__ For a period of over 7000 years, humans have inhabited the Galveston Bay Area in what is now the United States.", "History of the Galveston Bay Area __knowledge__ Through their history the communities in the region have been influenced by the once competing sister cities of Houston and Galveston, but still have their own distinct history.", "History of the Galveston Bay Area __knowledge__ Though never truly a single, unified community, the histories of the Bay Area communities have had many common threads.", "History of the Galveston Bay Area __knowledge__ Prior to European settlement the area around Galveston Bay was settled by the Karankawa and Atakapan tribes, who lived throughout the Gulf coast region.", "History of the Galveston Bay Area __knowledge__ Spanish and French explorers traveled the area for many years gradually establishing trade with the local natives.", "Galveston Bay Area __knowledge__ The Galveston Bay Area, also known as Bay Area Houston or simply the Bay Area, is a region that surrounds the Galveston Bay estuary of Southeast Texas in the United States, within metropolitan area.", "Galveston Bay Area __knowledge__ Normally the term refers to the mainland communities around the bay and excludes Galveston as well as most of Houston.", "Galveston Bay Area __knowledge__ Originally part of the pirate kingdom of Jean Lafitte, this area played a role in the early history of Texas having been the site of some early rebellions against Mexican rule and the site of the victory of the Texas army over the Mexican army during the Texas Revolution.", "Galveston Bay Area __knowledge__ Ranching interests became early economic drivers around the bay.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the northwest coast of California near the redwood forests several Indian tribes developed large dugout canoes they used for fishing, trade and warfare.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ Mullion Cove or Porth Mellin is a small community on the west coast of the Lizard Peninsula in Cornwall, England.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ It is on the eastern side of the Mount's Bay.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ The Cove forms part of the parish of Mullion, and is accessible by road from Mullion village, away to the north east, and also by the popular South West coast path.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ It lies within an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) The Cove is south of Porthleven and southeast of Penzance by sea.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ It is south of Helston by land and southwest of Falmouth by land.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ In 1937 a stretch of the coast from Mullion Cove to Predannack was preserved for the nation with the help of the Council for the Preservation of Rural England (CPRE) and the National Trust.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ A fishing vessel is a boat or ship used to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Many different kinds of vessels are used in commercial, artisanal and recreational fishing.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ According to the FAO, there are currently (2004) four million commercial fishing vessels.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ About 1.3 million of these are decked vessels with enclosed areas.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Nearly all of these decked vessels are mechanised, and 40,000 of them are over 100 tons.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ At the other extreme, two-thirds (1.8 million) of the undecked boats are traditional craft of various types, powered only by sail and oars.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ These boats are used by artisan fishers.", "Traditional fishing boat __knowledge__ Traditionally, many different kinds of boats have been used as fishing boats to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river.", "Traditional fishing boat __knowledge__ Even today, many traditional fishing boats are still in use.", "Traditional fishing boat __knowledge__ According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), at the end of 2004, the world fishing fleet consisted of about 4 million vessels, of which 2.7 million were undecked (open) boats.", "Traditional fishing boat __knowledge__ While nearly all decked vessels were mechanised, only one-third of the undecked fishing boats were powered, usually with outboard engines.", "Traditional fishing boat __knowledge__ The remaining 1.8 million boats were traditional craft of various types, operated by sail and oars.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the practice of catching fish.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ It is a pre-historic practice dating back at least 40,000 years.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Since the 16th century fishing vessels have been able to cross oceans in pursuit of fish and since the 19th century it has been possible to use larger vessels and in some cases process the fish on board.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ The term fishing may be applied to catching other aquatic animals such as shellfish, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ The term is not usually applied to catching aquatic mammals, such as whales, where the term whaling is more appropriate, or to farmed fish.", "Marlin fishing __knowledge__ Marlin fishing (also called billfishing) is considered by some game fishermen to be a pinnacle of offshore game fishing, due to the size and power of the four marlin species and their relative rareness.", "Marlin fishing __knowledge__ Fishing for marlin captured the imagination of some sport fishermen in the 1930s, when well-known angler/authors Zane Grey, who fished for black, striped, and blue marlin in the Pacific, and Ernest Hemingway, who fished the Florida Keys, Bahamas and Cuba for Atlantic blue marlin and white marlin, wrote extensively about their pursuit and enthused about the sporting qualities of their quarry.", "Marlin fishing __knowledge__ These days a lot of resources are committed to the construction of private and charter billfishing boats to participate in the billfishing tournament circuit.", "Scottish east coast fishery __knowledge__ The Scottish east coast fishery has been in existence for more than a thousand years, spanning the Viking age right up to the present day.", "Scottish east coast fishery __knowledge__ The fishery has always been for both whitefish and herring.", "Scottish east coast fishery __knowledge__ The Norsemen came to Scotland from the 9th to 11th centuries and settled in the Northern Isles, Western Isles and on the mainland.", "Scottish east coast fishery __knowledge__ They had fish as a large part of their diet, and excavations of Viking sites in Orkney and Shetland have found middens (kitchen waste areas) containing large quantities of fish bones.", "Scottish east coast fishery __knowledge__ These bones were mainly of cod, saithe and ling but herring, haddock and whiting bones were also found." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida (; Spanish for \"land of flowers\") is the southernmost state in the southeastern region of the United States.", "Florida __knowledge__ The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico and Alabama, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida is the 22nd-most extensive, the 3rd-most populous, and the 8th-most densely populated of the U.S. states.", "Florida __knowledge__ Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States (due to the consolidation of Jacksonville with Duval County).", "Florida __knowledge__ The Miami metropolitan area is Florida's most populous urban area.", "Florida __knowledge__ Tallahassee is the state's capital.", "Florida __knowledge__ About two-thirds of Florida occupies a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately , not including the contribution of the many barrier islands.", "Florida __knowledge__ It is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.", "Florida __knowledge__ Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida has the lowest high point of any U.S. state.", "Florida __knowledge__ The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south.", "2007 United Kingdom floods __knowledge__ A series of destructive floods occurred in parts of the United Kingdom during the summer of 2007.", "2007 United Kingdom floods __knowledge__ The worst of the flooding occurred across Scotland on 14 June; East Yorkshire and The Midlands on 15 June; Yorkshire, The Midlands, Gloucestershire, Herefordshire and Worcestershire on 25 June; and Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire, Oxfordshire, Berkshire and South Wales on 28 July 2007.", "2007 United Kingdom floods __knowledge__ June was one of the wettest months on record in Britain (see List of weather records).", "2007 United Kingdom floods __knowledge__ Average rainfall across the country was ; more than double the June average.", "2007 United Kingdom floods __knowledge__ Some areas received a month's worth of precipitation in 24 hours.", "Floods in the United States: 1901–2000 __knowledge__ Floods in the United States are generally caused by excessive rainfall, excessive snowmelt, and dam failure.", "Floods in the United States: 1901–2000 __knowledge__ Below is a list of flood events that were of significant impact to the country, 1901 through 2000, inclusive.", "Floods in the United States: 1901–2000 __knowledge__ The third deadliest flash flood in US history, the normally placid Willow Creek burst its banks during an intense rain and hail storm.", "Floods in the United States: 1901–2000 __knowledge__ The city of Heppner, at the foothills of the Blue Mountains in eastern Oregon, was almost completely destroyed.", "Floods in the United States: 1901–2000 __knowledge__ 220 of Heppner's 1,400 residents died in the flood.", "Floods in the United States: 1901–2000 __knowledge__ Flooding was more significant along the Grand, Saginaw, Kalamazoo, and River Raisin river basins than the St. Joseph and Huron River basins.", "Global storm activity of 2010 __knowledge__ The global storm activity of 2010 includes major meteorological events in the Earth's atmosphere during the year, including winter storms (blizzards, ice storms, European windstorms), hailstorms, out of season monsoon rain storms, extratropical cyclones, gales, microbursts, flooding, rainstorms, tropical cyclones, and other severe weather events.", "Global storm activity of 2010 __knowledge__ The thunderstorm season for the Northern Hemisphere began near spring, beginning on March 1, and ending on August 31.", "Global storm activity of 2010 __knowledge__ Fresh overnight snowfall on New Year's Eve and New Year's Day caused disruption in north east England, with roads across Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, County Durham and Teesside affected.", "2015 South Indian floods __knowledge__ The 2015 South Indian floods resulted from heavy rainfall generated by the annual northeast monsoon in November–December 2015.", "2015 South Indian floods __knowledge__ They affected the Coromandel Coast region of the South Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, and the union territory of Puducherry, with Tamil Nadu and the city of Chennai particularly hard-hit.", "2015 South Indian floods __knowledge__ More than 500 people were killed and over 18 lakh (1.8 million) people were displaced.", "2015 South Indian floods __knowledge__ With estimates of damages and losses ranging from nearly to over , the floods were the costliest to have occurred in 2015, and were among the costliest natural disasters of the year.", "2016 United Kingdom floods __knowledge__ In June 2016, parts of the United Kingdom were struck by serious flash floods.", "2016 United Kingdom floods __knowledge__ Starting on 7 June, thunderstorms caused intense rainfall in many locations across the country, particularly in the north of England and in London, causing repeated flash floods in several locations on a daily basis.", "2016 United Kingdom floods __knowledge__ The flooding in the United Kingdom followed further flooding on the European mainland throughout May and June 2016, although the two events were caused by different weather systems.", "2016 United Kingdom floods __knowledge__ Approximately 90 minutes of torrential rainfall from 18:30 led to flash flooding across Southport and Birkdale in Merseyside.", "2007 South Asian floods __knowledge__ The 2007 South Asian floods were a series of terrible floods in India, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan and Bangladesh.", "2007 South Asian floods __knowledge__ News Agencies, citing the Indian and Bangladeshi governments, place the death toll in excess of 2,000.", "2007 South Asian floods __knowledge__ By 3 August approximately 20 million had been displaced and by 10 August some 30 million people in India, Bangladesh and Nepal had been affected by flooding.", "2007 South Asian floods __knowledge__ UNICEF said that the situation \"is being described as the worst flooding in living memory\".", "2007 South Asian floods __knowledge__ Rajpal Yadav of the Indian Meteorological Department reported that \"we've been getting constant rainfall in these areas for nearly 20 days\" due to abnormal monsoon patterns.", "Theo Carver __knowledge__ Theo Carver is a fictional character from the long running American NBC daytime soap opera, \"Days of Our Lives\", currently portrayed by Kyler Pettis.", "Theo Carver __knowledge__ The character was created by then head writer Dena Higley and introduced as the newborn son of Salem's mayor Abe Carver and his doctor wife, Lexie Carver.", "Theo Carver __knowledge__ Child actors, Chase and Tyler Johnson appeared in the role from 2003 to 2004, Kavi Faquir from 2006 to 2007, and Amyrh Harris in 2007.", "Theo Carver __knowledge__ In 2008, child actor Terrell Ransom, Jr. stepped into the role as the character was diagnosed with autism.", "Theo Carver __knowledge__ Theo's autism diagnosis proved to be the character's most significant storyline as well as his close friendship with Ciara Brady.", "Hurricane Ike __knowledge__ Hurricane Ike (pronounced ) (; ; ) was a powerful tropical cyclone that swept through portions of the Greater Antilles and Northern America in September 2008, wreaking havoc on infrastructure and agriculture, particularly in Cuba and Texas.", "Hurricane Ike __knowledge__ Ike developed from a tropical wave west of Cape Verde on September 1 and strengthened to a peak intensity as a Category 4 hurricane over the open waters of the central Atlantic on September 4 as it tracked westward.", "Hurricane Ike __knowledge__ Several fluctuations in strength occurred before Ike made landfall on eastern Cuba on September 8.", "Hurricane Ike __knowledge__ The hurricane weakened prior to continuing into the Gulf of Mexico, but increased its intensity by the time of its final landfall on Galveston, Texas on September 13.", "2008 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ The 2008 Atlantic hurricane season was a very active hurricane season with sixteen named storms formed, including eight that became hurricanes and five that became major hurricanes.", "2008 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ The season officially started on June 1 and ended on November 30.", "2008 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin.", "2008 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ However, the formation of Tropical Storm Arthur caused the season to start two days early.", "2008 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ This season is the fifth most costly on record, behind only the 2004, 2012, 2005, and 2017 seasons, with over $47.5 billion in damage (2008 USD).", "2008 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ It was the only year on record in which a major hurricane existed in every month from July through November in the North Atlantic.", "Effects of Hurricane Ike in Texas __knowledge__ The effects of Hurricane Ike in Texas were crippling and long-lasting.", "Effects of Hurricane Ike in Texas __knowledge__ Ike's effects included deaths, widespread damage, and impacts to the price and availability of oil and gas.", "Effects of Hurricane Ike in Texas __knowledge__ Hurricane Ike also had a long-term impact on the U.S. economy.", "Effects of Hurricane Ike in Texas __knowledge__ Making landfall over Galveston, at 2:10 a.m. CDT on September 13, 2008, Category 2 Hurricane Ike caused extensive damage in Texas, with sustained winds of 110 mph (175 km/h), a 22 ft (6.8 m) storm surge, and widespread coastal flooding.", "Effects of Hurricane Ike in Texas __knowledge__ More than 140,000 residents in the Texas Gulf Coast danger zones in Ike's path had failed to evacuate, partly due to fears of multi-hour traffic jams as during Hurricane Rita, but over 940 were rescued from rising waters, and nearly 2,000 rescued afterward.", "Hurricane Irene __knowledge__ Hurricane Irene was a large and destructive tropical cyclone which affected much of the Caribbean and East Coast of the United States during late August 2011.", "Hurricane Irene __knowledge__ Irene is ranked as the ninth-costliest hurricane in United States history.", "Hurricane Irene __knowledge__ The ninth named storm, first hurricane, and first major hurricane of the 2011 Atlantic hurricane season, Irene originated from a well-defined Atlantic tropical wave that began showing signs of organization east of the Lesser Antilles.", "Hurricane Irene __knowledge__ Due to development of atmospheric convection and a closed center of circulation, the system was designated as Tropical Storm Irene on August 20, 2011.", "2014 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ The 2014 Atlantic hurricane season was a below average season in terms of named storms, and an average season in terms of both hurricanes and major hurricanes.", "2014 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ It produced nine tropical cyclones, eight named storms, the fewest since the 1997 Atlantic hurricane season, six hurricanes and two major hurricanes.", "2014 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ It officially began on June 1, 2014, and ended on November 30, 2014.", "2014 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ These dates historically describe the period each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin.", "2014 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ The first storm of the season, Arthur, developed on July 1, while the final storm, Hanna, dissipated on October 28, about a month prior to the end of the season.", "2004 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ The 2004 Atlantic hurricane season was a very deadly, destructive and Hyperactive Atlantic hurricane season, with over 3,000 deaths and more than $60 billion (2004 USD) in damage.", "2004 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ More than half of the 16 tropical cyclones brushed or struck the United States.", "2004 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ The season was typically active due to a Modoki El Niño – a rare type of El Niño in which unfavorable conditions are produced over the eastern Pacific instead of the Atlantic basin due to warmer sea surface temperatures farther west along the equatorial Pacific – activity was above average.", "2004 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ The season officially began on June 1 and ended on November 30, though the last storm dissipated on December 3.", "List of storms in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season officially began June 1, 2005 and officially ended on November 30, 2005.", "List of storms in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin, although effectively the season persisted into January 2006 due to continued storm activity. The 2005 season was the most active season on record, shattering records on repeated occasions.", "List of storms in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ A record 28 tropical and subtropical storms formed, of which a record fifteen became hurricanes.", "List of storms in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ Of these, seven strengthened into major hurricanes, a record-tying five became category 4 hurricanes, a record four of which reached Category 5 strength, the highest categorization for North Atlantic tropical cyclones." ] ]

[ 2, 21, 55 ]

[ "Hey there! My uncle used to work on fishing boats in Florida. He'd take people out on trips into the Gulf of Mexico.", "Were you there during Hurricane Ike in 2008? It was a CAT 2 when it made landfall and caused a lot of flooding.", "I'm glad you were OK! That was a bad one, it affected the entire US economy for years afterward. 140,000 people had to evacuate." ]

[ "Florida", "Florida", "Florida" ]

[ "Taco", "Tacos are great! I like fried fish tacos with cabbage.", "True. I like chicken and beef tacos also. Do you like crunchy or soft?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is a traditional Mexican dish composed of a corn or wheat tortilla folded or rolled around a filling.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco can be made with a variety of fillings, including beef, pork, chicken, seafood, vegetables, and cheese, allowing for great versatility and variety.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is generally eaten without utensils and is often accompanied by garnishes such as salsa, chili pepper, avocado, guacamole, cilantro (coriander), tomatoes, onions, and lettuce.", "Taco __knowledge__ The origins of the taco are not precisely known, and etymologies for the culinary usage of the word are generally theoretical.", "Taco __knowledge__ According to the Real Academia Española, publisher of \"Diccionario de la Lengua Española\", the word \"taco\" describes a typical Mexican dish of a maize tortilla folded around food.", "Taco __knowledge__ This meaning of the Spanish word \"taco\" is a Mexican innovation, but in other dialects \"taco\" is used to mean \"wedge; wad, plug; billiard cue; blowpipe; ramrod; short, stocky person; [or] short, thick piece of wood.\"", "Taco __knowledge__ As used in this non-culinary way, the word \"taco\" has cognates in other European languages, including the French word \"tache\" and the English word \"tack (nail).\"", "Taco __knowledge__ According to one etymological theory, the culinary meaning of \"taco\" derives from its \"plug\" meaning as employed among Mexican silver miners, who used explosive charges in plug form consisting of a paper wrapper and gunpowder filling." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is a traditional Mexican dish composed of a corn or wheat tortilla folded or rolled around a filling.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco can be made with a variety of fillings, including beef, pork, chicken, seafood, vegetables, and cheese, allowing for great versatility and variety.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is generally eaten without utensils and is often accompanied by garnishes such as salsa, chili pepper, avocado, guacamole, cilantro (coriander), tomatoes, onions, and lettuce.", "Taco __knowledge__ The origins of the taco are not precisely known, and etymologies for the culinary usage of the word are generally theoretical.", "Taco __knowledge__ According to the Real Academia Española, publisher of \"Diccionario de la Lengua Española\", the word \"taco\" describes a typical Mexican dish of a maize tortilla folded around food.", "Taco __knowledge__ This meaning of the Spanish word \"taco\" is a Mexican innovation, but in other dialects \"taco\" is used to mean \"wedge; wad, plug; billiard cue; blowpipe; ramrod; short, stocky person; [or] short, thick piece of wood.\"", "Taco __knowledge__ As used in this non-culinary way, the word \"taco\" has cognates in other European languages, including the French word \"tache\" and the English word \"tack (nail).\"", "Taco __knowledge__ According to one etymological theory, the culinary meaning of \"taco\" derives from its \"plug\" meaning as employed among Mexican silver miners, who used explosive charges in plug form consisting of a paper wrapper and gunpowder filling.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Mexican street food, called \"antojitos\" (literally \"little cravings\"), is prepared by street vendors and at small traditional markets in that country.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Street foods include tacos, tamales, gorditas, quesadillas, empalmes, tostadas, chalupa, elote, tlayudas, cemita, pambazo, empanada, nachos, chilaquiles，fajita and tortas, as well as fresh fruit, vegetables, beverages and soups (menudo, pozole and pancita).", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Most are available in the morning and the evening, as mid-afternoon is the time for the main formal meal of the day.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Mexico has one of the most extensive street food cultures in Latin America, and \"Forbes\" named Mexico City as one of the foremost cities on the world in which to eat on the street.", "Wahoo's Fish Taco __knowledge__ They serve Wahoo fish in their tacos, as well as Mahi-mahi.", "Wahoo's Fish Taco __knowledge__ Wahoo's was founded in Costa Mesa, California, in 1988 by Chinese-Brazilian brothers Eduardo \"Ed\" Lee, Renato \"Mingo\" Lee and Wing Lam, who mixed traditional Chinese and Brazilian flavors with dishes they encountered while traveling in Mexico.", "Wahoo's Fish Taco __knowledge__ Their parents had fled to Brazil in the 1950s following the conclusion of the Chinese Civil War, and settled in São Paulo, opening a Chinese restaurant; their five sons were all born in Brazil.", "Wahoo's Fish Taco __knowledge__ Their father, Cheong Lee, and the eldest brother came to the United States in 1964, and the rest of the family arrived in 1975, opening the Shanghai Pine Gardens restaurant on Balboa Island.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Rubio's Coastal Grill __knowledge__ Rubio's Coastal Grill, formerly known as Rubio's Fresh Mexican Grill, is a fast casual \"Fresh Mex\" or \"New Mex\" restaurant chain specializing in Mexican food, with an emphasis on fish tacos.", "Rubio's Coastal Grill __knowledge__ As of 2013, Rubio's operates, licenses or franchises more than 200 restaurants in Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Nevada and Utah.", "Rubio's Coastal Grill __knowledge__ Its headquarters are in Carlsbad, California.", "Rubio's Coastal Grill __knowledge__ According to founder Ralph Rubio, he and some friends from San Diego State University were on spring break in San Felipe, Baja California when he first encountered fish tacos at a local stand, and was inspired to open a restaurant serving them in his hometown, San Diego.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin American cuisine is the typical foods, beverages, and cooking styles common to many of the countries and cultures in Latin America.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin America is a highly diverse area of land that holds various cuisines that vary from nation to nation.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Some items typical of Latin American cuisine include maize-based dishes arepas, pupusas, tacos, tamales, tortillas and various salsas and other condiments (guacamole, pico de gallo, mole, chimichurri, chili, aji, pebre).", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ These spices are generally what give the Latin American cuisines a distinct flavor; yet, each country of Latin America tends to use a different spice and those that share spices tend to use them at different quantities.", "Honduran cuisine __knowledge__ Honduran cuisine is a fusion of indigenous (Lenca) cuisine, Spanish cuisine, Caribbean cuisine and African cuisine.", "Honduran cuisine __knowledge__ There are also dishes from the Garifuna people.", "Honduran cuisine __knowledge__ Coconut and coconut milk are featured in both sweet and savory dishes.", "Honduran cuisine __knowledge__ Regional specialties include fried fish, tamales, carne asada and baleadas.", "Honduran cuisine __knowledge__ Other popular dishes include meat roasted with chismol and carne asada, chicken with rice and corn, and fried fish with pickled onions and jalapeños.", "Honduran cuisine __knowledge__ In the coastal areas and in the Bay Islands, seafood and some meats are prepared in many ways, some of which include coconut milk.", "Honduran cuisine __knowledge__ Among the soups the Hondurans enjoy are bean soup, mondongo soup (tripe soup), seafood soups and beef soups.", "Offal __knowledge__ Offal , also called variety meats, pluck or organ meats, refers to the internal organs and entrails of a butchered animal.", "Offal __knowledge__ The word does not refer to a particular list of edible organs, which varies by culture and region, but includes most internal organs excluding muscle and bone.", "Offal __knowledge__ As an English mass noun, the term \"offal\" has no plural form.", "Offal __knowledge__ Some cultures strongly consider offal as food to be taboo, while others use it as everyday food, or in delicacies.", "Offal __knowledge__ Certain offal dishes—including \"foie gras\", \"pâté\" and sweetbread—are considered gourmet food in international cuisine.", "Offal __knowledge__ Others remain part of traditional regional cuisine and may be consumed especially in connection with holidays.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Mexican cuisine began 9,000 years ago, 7,000 BCE, when agricultural communities such as the Maya formed, domesticating maize, creating the standard process of corn nixtamalization, and establishing their foodways.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Successive waves of other Mesoamerican groups, including the Olmec, Teotihuacanos, Toltec, Huastec, Zapotec, Mixtec, Otomi, and Purépecha, brought with them their own cooking methods.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The Mexica establishment of the Aztec Empire created a multi-ethnic society where many different foodways became infused.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The staples are native foods, such as corn, beans, squash, amaranth, chia, avocados, tomatoes, tomatillos, chocolate, vanilla, agave, turkey, sweet potato, cactus, and chili pepper.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ Malaysian cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices found in Malaysia, and reflects the multiethnic makeup of its population.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The vast majority of Malaysia's population can roughly be divided among three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese and Indians.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The remainder consists of the indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia, the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia, the Peranakan and Eurasian creole communities, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ As a result of historical migrations, colonisation by foreign powers, and its geographical position within its wider home region, Malaysia's culinary style in the present day is primarily a melange of traditions from its Malay, Chinese, Indian, Indonesian and ethnic Bornean citizens, with heavy to light influences from Thai, Portuguese, Dutch, and British cuisines, to name a few.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Shrimp __knowledge__ The term shrimp is used to refer to some decapod crustaceans, although the exact animals covered can vary.", "Shrimp __knowledge__ Used broadly, it may cover any of the groups with elongated bodies and a primarily swimming mode of locomotion – most commonly Caridea and Dendrobranchiata.", "Shrimp __knowledge__ In some fields, however, the term is used more narrowly, and may be restricted to Caridea, to smaller species of either group, or to only the marine species.", "Shrimp __knowledge__ Under the broader definition, \"shrimp\" may be synonymous with prawn, covering stalk-eyed swimming crustaceans with long narrow muscular tails (abdomens), long whiskers (antennae), and slender legs.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ Seafood species can be mislabelled in misleading ways.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ This article examines the history and types of mislabeling, and looks at the current state of the law in different locations.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ Proper species identification of seafood has been important to consumers since ancient times.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ The Jewish dietary laws known as kashrut required the Jews to identify certain types of fish to maintain a kosher diet.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ Kashrut does not require rabbis to \"bless\" fish to make it kosher, but rather to identify the features the fish must have to meet kosher requirements (among others) and confirm their existence.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ In the 13th century, the King of England passed first law concerning proper labeling requirements, the Assize of Bread and Ale, regulating weight and quality of bread and ale.", "Aquaculture __knowledge__ Aquaculture is the farming of fish, crustaceans, molluscs, aquatic plants, algae, and other aquatic organisms.", "Aquaculture __knowledge__ Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater and saltwater populations under controlled conditions, and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the harvesting of wild fish.", "Aquaculture __knowledge__ It is less commonly spelled aquiculture), and is also known as aquafarming.", "Aquaculture __knowledge__ Mariculture refers to aquaculture practiced in marine environments and in underwater habitats.", "Aquaculture __knowledge__ According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), aquaculture \"is understood to mean the farming of aquatic organisms including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is a traditional Mexican dish composed of a corn or wheat tortilla folded or rolled around a filling.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco can be made with a variety of fillings, including beef, pork, chicken, seafood, vegetables, and cheese, allowing for great versatility and variety.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is generally eaten without utensils and is often accompanied by garnishes such as salsa, chili pepper, avocado, guacamole, cilantro (coriander), tomatoes, onions, and lettuce.", "Taco __knowledge__ The origins of the taco are not precisely known, and etymologies for the culinary usage of the word are generally theoretical.", "Taco __knowledge__ According to the Real Academia Española, publisher of \"Diccionario de la Lengua Española\", the word \"taco\" describes a typical Mexican dish of a maize tortilla folded around food.", "Taco __knowledge__ This meaning of the Spanish word \"taco\" is a Mexican innovation, but in other dialects \"taco\" is used to mean \"wedge; wad, plug; billiard cue; blowpipe; ramrod; short, stocky person; [or] short, thick piece of wood.\"", "Taco __knowledge__ As used in this non-culinary way, the word \"taco\" has cognates in other European languages, including the French word \"tache\" and the English word \"tack (nail).\"", "Taco __knowledge__ According to one etymological theory, the culinary meaning of \"taco\" derives from its \"plug\" meaning as employed among Mexican silver miners, who used explosive charges in plug form consisting of a paper wrapper and gunpowder filling.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken was a band from Melbourne, Australia, which formed in 1999 and disbanded in 2007.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were one of Australia's most well-known ska bands and one of the most popular Christian bands in the country.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were signed to Boomtown Records.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken's musical style included a blend of Ska, Hardcore, Reggae & Rock.The band placed a high emphasis on touring and were known for their \"high energy\" live performances.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken shared stages and toured with such bands, including Reel Big Fish, Mad Caddies, Crowned King, Hilltop Hoods, Kisschasy, Area-7, Gyroscope, Bodyjar, 28 Days, Killing Heidi, The O.C.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Mexican street food, called \"antojitos\" (literally \"little cravings\"), is prepared by street vendors and at small traditional markets in that country.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Street foods include tacos, tamales, gorditas, quesadillas, empalmes, tostadas, chalupa, elote, tlayudas, cemita, pambazo, empanada, nachos, chilaquiles，fajita and tortas, as well as fresh fruit, vegetables, beverages and soups (menudo, pozole and pancita).", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Most are available in the morning and the evening, as mid-afternoon is the time for the main formal meal of the day.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Mexico has one of the most extensive street food cultures in Latin America, and \"Forbes\" named Mexico City as one of the foremost cities on the world in which to eat on the street.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "Tastes like chicken __knowledge__ \"Tastes like chicken\" is a declaration used when trying to describe the flavour of an unusual food.", "Tastes like chicken __knowledge__ The expression has been used so often in popular culture that it has become a cliché.", "Tastes like chicken __knowledge__ As a result, the phrase is also sometimes used to provide incongruous humor, by being used to describe foods or situations where it has no real relevance.", "Tastes like chicken __knowledge__ As an explanation of why unusual meats would taste more like chicken than common alternatives such as beef or pork, different possibilities have been offered.", "Tastes like chicken __knowledge__ One idea is that chicken has a bland taste because fat contributes more flavour than muscle (especially in the case of a lean cut such as a skinless chicken breast), making it a generic choice for comparison.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ Seafood species can be mislabelled in misleading ways.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ This article examines the history and types of mislabeling, and looks at the current state of the law in different locations.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ Proper species identification of seafood has been important to consumers since ancient times.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ The Jewish dietary laws known as kashrut required the Jews to identify certain types of fish to maintain a kosher diet.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ Kashrut does not require rabbis to \"bless\" fish to make it kosher, but rather to identify the features the fish must have to meet kosher requirements (among others) and confirm their existence.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ In the 13th century, the King of England passed first law concerning proper labeling requirements, the Assize of Bread and Ale, regulating weight and quality of bread and ale.", "Deep Zoom __knowledge__ Deep Zoom is a technology developed by Microsoft for efficiently transmitting and viewing images.", "Deep Zoom __knowledge__ It allows users to pan around and zoom in a large, high resolution image or a large collection of images.", "Deep Zoom __knowledge__ It reduces the time required for initial load by downloading only the region being viewed or only at the resolution it is displayed at.", "Deep Zoom __knowledge__ Subsequent regions are downloaded as the user pans to (or zooms into them); animations are used to hide any jerkiness in the transition.", "Deep Zoom __knowledge__ The libraries are also available in other platforms including Java and Flash.", "Deep Zoom __knowledge__ The Deep Zoom file format is very similar to the Google Maps image format where images are broken into tiles and then displayed as required.", "Applied Food Technologies __knowledge__ Applied Food Technologies, Inc. (AFT) is a privately held corporation in Alachua, Florida that develops diagnostics needed in the seafood industry and runs fee-for-service species identification and verification programs.", "Applied Food Technologies __knowledge__ The DNA-based species identification diagnostics developed by AFT are used in-house and are also packaged in a kit format and sold to federal, state and private laboratories in the US, Europe and Asia.", "Applied Food Technologies __knowledge__ AFT has established an extensive library of taxonomically verified fish species and has developed DNA standards for these fish.", "Applied Food Technologies __knowledge__ Applied Food Technologies is primarily a research and development company focusing on fish species identification using DNA and environmental contaminant detection using gene expression in sentinel organisms.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Seafood is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Seafood prominently includes fish and shellfish.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Shellfish include various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Historically, sea mammals such as whales and dolphins have been consumed as food, though that happens to a lesser extent in modern times.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Edible sea plants, such as some seaweeds and microalgae, are widely eaten as seafood around the world, especially in Asia (see the ).", "Seafood __knowledge__ In North America, although not generally in the United Kingdom, the term \"seafood\" is extended to fresh water organisms eaten by humans, so all edible aquatic life may be referred to as seafood.", "Overfishing __knowledge__ Overfishing is a form of overexploitation where fish stocks are reduced to below acceptable levels.", "Overfishing __knowledge__ Overfishing can occur in water bodies of any sizes, such as ponds, rivers, lakes or oceans, and can result in resource depletion, reduced biological growth rates and low biomass levels.", "Overfishing __knowledge__ Sustained overfishing can lead to critical depensation, where the fish population is no longer able to sustain itself.", "Overfishing __knowledge__ Some forms of overfishing, for example the overfishing of sharks, has led to the upset of entire marine ecosystems.", "Overfishing __knowledge__ The ability of a fishery to recover from overfishing depends on whether the ecosystem's conditions are suitable for the recovery.", "Seadragon Software __knowledge__ Seadragon Software was a team within the Microsoft Live Labs.", "Seadragon Software __knowledge__ Its product, Seadragon, is a web optimized visualization technology that allows graphics and photos to be smoothly browsed, regardless of their size.", "Seadragon Software __knowledge__ Seadragon is the technology powering Microsoft's Silverlight, Pivot, Photosynth and the standalone cross-platform Seadragon application for iPhone and iPad.", "Seadragon Software __knowledge__ Seadragon technology allows one to view extremely large and high resolution images without the loading time or latency typically associated with large images.", "Seadragon Software __knowledge__ The developers behind Seadragon also allow users to upload photos and create their own Seadragon style image to be viewed online.", "Mercury in fish __knowledge__ Fish and shellfish concentrate mercury in their bodies, often in the form of methylmercury, a highly toxic organic compound of mercury.", "Mercury in fish __knowledge__ Fish products have been shown to contain varying amounts of heavy metals, particularly mercury and fat-soluble pollutants from water pollution.", "Mercury in fish __knowledge__ Species of fish that are long-lived and high on the food chain, such as marlin, tuna, shark, swordfish, king mackerel and tilefish (Gulf of Mexico) contain higher concentrations of mercury than others.", "Mercury in fish __knowledge__ Mercury is known to bioaccumulate in humans, so bioaccumulation in seafood carries over into human populations, where it can result in mercury poisoning." ] ]

[ 2, 57, 1 ]

[ "I love tacos! Especially with seafood like fish and shrimp!", "Gotta be careful about your fish though. Lots of seafood species are mislabelled in misleading ways.", "I like a soft taco with a wheat tortilla (not corn so much)." ]

[ "Taco", "Taco", "Taco" ]

[ "Sewing\nI really like sewing my own clothing but I'm terrible at it!", "That is so cool! I wonder what the cave people sewed to wear!", "Oh my gosh that's funny! And I didn't know that! And - I guess they want to ban sewing!", "Sewing by hand is really hard! I'm glad they made machines to help", "Yeah I am sure it did make big changes in the world when it came out" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing is the craft of fastening or attaching objects using stitches made with a needle and thread.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing is one of the oldest of the textile arts, arising in the Paleolithic era.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Before the invention of spinning yarn or weaving fabric, archaeologists believe Stone Age people across Europe and Asia sewed fur and skin clothing using bone, antler or ivory needles and \"thread\" made of various animal body parts including sinew, catgut, and veins.", "Sewing __knowledge__ For thousands of years, all sewing was done by hand.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The invention of the sewing machine in the 19th century and the rise of computerization in the 20th century led to mass production and export of sewn objects, but hand sewing is still practiced around the world.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Fine hand sewing is a characteristic of high-quality tailoring, haute couture fashion, and custom dressmaking, and is pursued by both textile artists and hobbyists as a means of creative expression.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The first known use of the word \"sewing\" was in the 14th century.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing has an ancient history estimated to begin during the Paleolithic Age.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing was used to stitch together animal hides for clothing and for shelter.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The Inuit, for example, used sinew from caribou for thread and needles made of bone; the indigenous peoples of the American Plains and Canadian Prairies used sophisticated sewing methods to assemble tipi shelters.", "Sewing machine __knowledge__ A sewing machine is a machine used to stitch fabric and other materials together with thread.", "Sewing machine __knowledge__ Sewing machines were invented during the first Industrial Revolution to decrease the amount of manual sewing work performed in clothing companies.", "Sewing machine __knowledge__ Since the invention of the first working sewing machine, generally considered to have been the work of Englishman Thomas Saint in 1790, the sewing machine has greatly improved the efficiency and productivity of the clothing industry.", "Sewing machine __knowledge__ Home sewing machines are designed for one person to sew individual items while using a single stitch type.", "Sewing machine __knowledge__ In a modern sewing machine the fabric easily glides in and out of the machine without the inconvenience of needles and thimbles and other such tools used in hand sewing, automating the process of stitching and saving time.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ Yup'ik clothing (Yup'ik \"aturaq\" \"aturak\" \"aturat\" , \"aklu\", \"akluq\", \"un’u\" ; also, \"piluguk\" in Unaliq-Pastuliq dialect, \"aklu\", \"cangssagar\", \"un’u\" in Nunivak dialect) refers to the traditional Eskimo-style clothing worn by the Yupik people of southwestern Alaska.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ Also known as Cup'ik clothing for the Chevak Cup'ik-speaking people of Chevak and Cup'ig clothing for the Nunivak Cup'ig-speaking people of Nunivak Island.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ The traditional clothing system developed and used by the Eskimo peoples is the most effective cold weather clothing developed to date.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ Yup'ik women made clothes and footwear from animal skins (especially hide and fur of marine and land mammals for fur clothing, sometimes birds, also fish), sewn together using needles made from animal bones, walrus ivory, and bird bones such as front part of a crane's foot and threads made from other animal products, such as sinew.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ \"I Really Like You\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Carly Rae Jepsen for her third studio album, \"Emotion\" (2015).", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ It was written by Jepsen, Jacob Kasher Hindlin, Peter Svensson, Steve DaMar, and produced by Svensson.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ The song was released as the album's lead single on 2 March 2015.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ \"I Really Like You\" peaked at number fourteen on the Canadian Hot 100.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ Internationally, the song peaked within the top ten of the charts in Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Japan, the Republic of Ireland, South Africa and the United Kingdom, while peaking within the top twenty of the charts in Austria, Germany, Slovakia, and Switzerland.", "Clothing __knowledge__ Clothing (also known as clothes and attire) is a collective term for garments, items worn on the body.", "Clothing __knowledge__ Clothing can be made of textiles, animal skin, or other thin sheets of materials put together.", "Clothing __knowledge__ The wearing of clothing is mostly restricted to human beings and is a feature of nearly all human societies.", "Clothing __knowledge__ The amount and type of clothing worn depend on body type, social, and geographic considerations.", "Clothing __knowledge__ Some clothing can be gender-specific.", "Clothing __knowledge__ Physically, clothing serves many purposes: it can serve as protection from the elements and can enhance safety during hazardous activities such as hiking and cooking.", "Institute for Indian Mother and Child __knowledge__ The Institute for Indian Mother and Child (IIMC) is a non-governmental organization with its main office in Calcutta, India.", "Institute for Indian Mother and Child __knowledge__ In 1989 the Indian physician Dr. S. K. Brahmochary founded the IIMC with the aim to improve the living conditions of the poorest in Calcutta and its surroundings on a long-term basis.", "Institute for Indian Mother and Child __knowledge__ The issues of mother and child welfare as well as woman empowerment are of central importance.", "Institute for Indian Mother and Child __knowledge__ 1.", "Institute for Indian Mother and Child __knowledge__ Medical program 2.", "Institute for Indian Mother and Child __knowledge__ Education program 3.", "Institute for Indian Mother and Child __knowledge__ Economic program The Institute for Indian Mother and Child (IIMC) is a non-governmental organization (NGO).", "Institute for Indian Mother and Child __knowledge__ The IIMC project was initiated in 1989 by Dr. S. K. Brahmochary with the aim to provide the poorest people in Parganas, the 24th district in the South of Calcutta, with access to medical care.", "Tool use by animals __knowledge__ Tools are used by animals for purposes including acquiring food and water, grooming, defense, recreation or construction.", "Tool use by animals __knowledge__ Originally thought to be a skill only possessed by humans, some tool use requires a sophisticated level of cognition.", "Tool use by animals __knowledge__ There is considerable discussion about the definition of what constitutes a tool and therefore which behaviours can be considered as true examples of tool use.", "Tool use by animals __knowledge__ A wide range of animals are considered to use tools including mammals, birds, fish, cephalopods and insects.", "Tool use by animals __knowledge__ Primates are well known for using tools for hunting or gathering food and water, cover for rain, and self-defence." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing is the craft of fastening or attaching objects using stitches made with a needle and thread.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing is one of the oldest of the textile arts, arising in the Paleolithic era.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Before the invention of spinning yarn or weaving fabric, archaeologists believe Stone Age people across Europe and Asia sewed fur and skin clothing using bone, antler or ivory needles and \"thread\" made of various animal body parts including sinew, catgut, and veins.", "Sewing __knowledge__ For thousands of years, all sewing was done by hand.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The invention of the sewing machine in the 19th century and the rise of computerization in the 20th century led to mass production and export of sewn objects, but hand sewing is still practiced around the world.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Fine hand sewing is a characteristic of high-quality tailoring, haute couture fashion, and custom dressmaking, and is pursued by both textile artists and hobbyists as a means of creative expression.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The first known use of the word \"sewing\" was in the 14th century.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing has an ancient history estimated to begin during the Paleolithic Age.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing was used to stitch together animal hides for clothing and for shelter.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The Inuit, for example, used sinew from caribou for thread and needles made of bone; the indigenous peoples of the American Plains and Canadian Prairies used sophisticated sewing methods to assemble tipi shelters.", "CAVE People __knowledge__ CAVE People (an acronym for \"Citizens Against Virtually Everything\") is a pejorative term for citizens who regularly oppose any changes in their community, organization or workplace.", "CAVE People __knowledge__ The phenomenon is linked to the so-called NIMBY (Not In My Back Yard) phenomenon in which residents oppose a development ostensibly on the grounds of it being inappropriate for the local area.", "CAVE People __knowledge__ While the NIMBY phenomenon is typically related to development issues, CAVE people, as the name implies, oppose virtually everything.", "CAVE People __knowledge__ This attitude is manifested in opposition to changes in public policy as varied as tax levies, sewer rates, public transportation routes, parking regulations and municipal mergers or annexations.", "Red Deer Cave people __knowledge__ The Red Deer Cave People were the most recent known prehistoric archaic human population.", "Red Deer Cave people __knowledge__ Fossils dated to between 14,500 and 11,500 years old were found in Red Deer Cave and Longlin Cave in China.", "Red Deer Cave people __knowledge__ Having a mix of archaic and modern features, they are (tentatively) thought to be a separate species of humans that persisted until recent times and became extinct without contributing to the gene pool of modern humans.", "Red Deer Cave people __knowledge__ Evidence shows large deer were cooked in the Red Deer Cave, giving the people their name.", "Red Deer Cave people __knowledge__ In 1979, the partial skull of a cave dweller was found in Longlin Cave in the Guangxi region of China.", "Before Adam __knowledge__ Before Adam is a novel by Jack London, serialized in 1906 and 1907 in \"Everybody's Magazine\".", "Before Adam __knowledge__ It is the story of a man who dreams he lives the life of an early hominid.", "Before Adam __knowledge__ The story offers an early view of human evolution.", "Before Adam __knowledge__ The majority of the story is told through the eyes of the man's hominid alter ego, one of the Cave People.", "Before Adam __knowledge__ In addition to the Cave People, there are the more advanced Fire People, and the more animal-like Tree People.", "Before Adam __knowledge__ Other characters include the hominid's father, a love interest, and Red-Eye, a fierce \"atavism\" that perpetually terrorizes the Cave People.", "Before Adam __knowledge__ A sabre-cat also plays a role in the story.", "Valley of the Dragons (1961 film) __knowledge__ Valley of the Dragons (UK title: Prehistoric Valley) is a black and white 1961 American science fiction film loosely based on Jules Verne's \"Off on a Comet\" and heavily dependent on stock footage from the movies \"One Million B.C.", "Valley of the Dragons (1961 film) __knowledge__ \", \"King Dinosaur\", \"Cat-Women of the Moon\" and \"Rodan\".", "Valley of the Dragons (1961 film) __knowledge__ Director Edward Bernds says the film was built around stock footage from \"One Million B.C.\".", "Valley of the Dragons (1961 film) __knowledge__ Two men preparing for a duel in 1881 Algiers, American Michael Denning and Frenchman Hector Servadac, are swept from the face of the Earth by a passing comet and find themselves on another world with cavemen and prehistoric animals.", "Lovelock Cave __knowledge__ Lovelock Cave (NV-Ch-18) is a North American archaeological site previously known as Sunset Guano Cave, Horseshoe Cave, and Loud Site 18.", "Lovelock Cave __knowledge__ The cave is about 150 feet long and 35 feet wide.", "Lovelock Cave __knowledge__ Lovelock Cave is one of the most important classic sites of the Great Basin region because the conditions of the cave are conducive to the preservation of organic and inorganic material.", "Lovelock Cave __knowledge__ The cave was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 24, 1984.", "Lovelock Cave __knowledge__ It was the first major cave in the Great Basin to be excavated, and the Lovelock Cave people are part of the University of California Archaeological Community's Lovelock Cave Station.", "Denisovan __knowledge__ The Denisovan or Denisova hominin ) is an extinct species or subspecies of human in the genus \"Homo\".", "Denisovan __knowledge__ Pending its status as either species or subspecies it currently carries the temporary names Homo\" sp.", "Denisovan __knowledge__ \"Altai, or Homo sapiens\" ssp.", "Denisovan __knowledge__ \"Denisova.", "Denisovan __knowledge__ In , scientists announced the discovery of a finger bone fragment of a juvenile female who lived about 41,000 years ago, found in the remote Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains in Siberia, a cave that has also been inhabited by Neanderthals and modern humans.", "Denisovan __knowledge__ The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the finger bone showed it to be genetically distinct from Neanderthals and modern humans.", "Pacific Undersea Gardens __knowledge__ The Pacific Undersea Gardens was located at the Inner Harbour in the heart of downtown Victoria.", "Pacific Undersea Gardens __knowledge__ The Gardens were owned and operated by the Oak Bay Marine Group.", "Pacific Undersea Gardens __knowledge__ The Pacific Undersea Gardens was a 150-foot vessel that was towed from the Oak Bay Marina to the waters of the Inner Harbour.", "Pacific Undersea Gardens __knowledge__ Visitors descended beneath the ocean surface to look through the many viewing windows of the aquariums that surrounded the vessel and see the various marine life of coastal British Columbia, in their natural and protected environment.", "Pacific Undersea Gardens __knowledge__ The Gardens also had a tidal pond full of Sea stars and Sea Anemones where visitors were allowed to gently touch the animals.", "Paleolithic __knowledge__ The Paleolithic (or \"Palaeolithic\") age is a prehistoric period of human history distinguished by the development of the most primitive stone tools and covers roughly 95% of human technological prehistory.", "Paleolithic __knowledge__ It extends from the earliest known use of stone tools, probably by \"Homo habilis\" initially, 2.6 million years ago, to the end of the Pleistocene around 10,000 BP.", "Paleolithic __knowledge__ The Paleolithic era is followed by the Mesolithic.", "Paleolithic __knowledge__ The date of the Paleolithic–Mesolithic boundary may vary by locality as much as several thousand years.", "Paleolithic __knowledge__ During the Paleolithic period, humans grouped together in small societies such as bands, and subsisted by gathering plants and fishing, hunting or scavenging wild animals.", "Glossary of sewing terms __knowledge__ Sewing is the craft of fastening or attaching objects using stitches made with needle and thread.", "Glossary of sewing terms __knowledge__ Sewing is one of the oldest of the textile arts, arising the in Paleolithic Era.", "Glossary of sewing terms __knowledge__ Although usually associated with clothing and household linens, sewing is used in a variety of crafts and industries, including shoemaking, upholstery, sailmaking, bookbinding and the manufacturing of some kinds of sporting goods.", "Glossary of sewing terms __knowledge__ Sewing is the fundamental process underlying a variety of textile arts and crafts, including embroidery, tapestry, quilting, appliqué and patchwork.", "Glossary of sewing terms __knowledge__ 3.", "Glossary of sewing terms __knowledge__ Running stitch:", "Stone Age __knowledge__ The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make implements with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface.", "Stone Age __knowledge__ The period lasted roughly 3.4 million years and ended between 8700 BCE and 2000 BCE with the advent of metalworking.", "Stone Age __knowledge__ Stone Age artifacts include tools used by modern humans and by their predecessor species in the genus \"Homo\", and possibly by the earlier partly contemporaneous genera \"Australopithecus\" and \"Paranthropus\".", "Stone Age __knowledge__ Bone tools were used during this period as well but are rarely preserved in the archaeological record.", "Stone Age __knowledge__ The Stone Age is further subdivided by the types of stone tools in use.", "Prehistoric art __knowledge__ In the history of art, prehistoric art is all art produced in preliterate, prehistorical cultures beginning somewhere in very late geological history, and generally continuing until that culture either develops writing or other methods of record-keeping, or makes significant contact with another culture that has, and that makes some record of major historical events.", "Prehistoric art __knowledge__ At this point ancient art begins, for the older literate cultures.", "Prehistoric art __knowledge__ The end-date for what is covered by the term thus varies greatly between different parts of the world.", "Prehistoric art __knowledge__ The earliest human artifacts showing evidence of workmanship with an artistic purpose are the subject of some debate.", "Textile arts __knowledge__ Textile arts are arts and crafts that use plant, animal, or synthetic fibers to construct practical or decorative objects.", "Textile arts __knowledge__ Textiles have been a fundamental part of human life since the beginning of civilization, and the methods and materials used to make them have expanded enormously, while the functions of textiles have remained the same.", "Textile arts __knowledge__ The history of textile arts is also the history of international trade.", "Textile arts __knowledge__ Tyrian purple dye was an important trade good in the ancient Mediterranean.", "Textile arts __knowledge__ The Silk Road brought Chinese silk to India, Africa, and Europe.", "Textile arts __knowledge__ Tastes for imported luxury fabrics led to sumptuary laws during the Middle Ages and Renaissance.", "Textile arts of indigenous peoples of the Americas __knowledge__ Textile arts of indigenous peoples of the Americas are decorative, utilitarian, ceremonial, or conceptual artworks made from plant, animal, or synthetic fibers by native peoples of both North and South America.", "Textile arts of indigenous peoples of the Americas __knowledge__ Textile arts and fiber arts include fabric that is flexible woven material, as well as felt, bark cloth, knitting, embroidery, featherwork, skin-sewing, beadwork, and similar media.", "Textile arts of indigenous peoples of the Americas __knowledge__ Textile arts are one of the earliest known industries.", "Textile arts of indigenous peoples of the Americas __knowledge__ Basketry is associated with textile arts.", "Textile arts of indigenous peoples of the Americas __knowledge__ While humans have created textiles since the dawn of culture, many are fragile and disintegrate rapidly.", "Textile arts of indigenous peoples of the Americas __knowledge__ Ancient textiles are preserved only by special environmental conditions." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing is the craft of fastening or attaching objects using stitches made with a needle and thread.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing is one of the oldest of the textile arts, arising in the Paleolithic era.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Before the invention of spinning yarn or weaving fabric, archaeologists believe Stone Age people across Europe and Asia sewed fur and skin clothing using bone, antler or ivory needles and \"thread\" made of various animal body parts including sinew, catgut, and veins.", "Sewing __knowledge__ For thousands of years, all sewing was done by hand.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The invention of the sewing machine in the 19th century and the rise of computerization in the 20th century led to mass production and export of sewn objects, but hand sewing is still practiced around the world.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Fine hand sewing is a characteristic of high-quality tailoring, haute couture fashion, and custom dressmaking, and is pursued by both textile artists and hobbyists as a means of creative expression.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The first known use of the word \"sewing\" was in the 14th century.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing has an ancient history estimated to begin during the Paleolithic Age.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing was used to stitch together animal hides for clothing and for shelter.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The Inuit, for example, used sinew from caribou for thread and needles made of bone; the indigenous peoples of the American Plains and Canadian Prairies used sophisticated sewing methods to assemble tipi shelters.", "Charlie Gard case __knowledge__ The Charlie Gard case was a best interests case in 2017 involving Charles Matthew William Gard (4 August 2016 – 28 July 2017), an infant boy from London, born with mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDDS), a rare genetic disorder that causes progressive brain damage and muscle failure.", "Charlie Gard case __knowledge__ MDDS has no treatment and usually causes death in infancy.", "Charlie Gard case __knowledge__ The case became controversial because the medical team and parents disagreed about whether experimental treatment was in the best interests of the child.", "Charlie Gard case __knowledge__ In October 2016, Charlie was transferred to London's Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), a National Health Service (NHS) children's hospital, because he was failing to thrive and his breathing was shallow.", "Salah Gosh __knowledge__ Major General Salah Abdallah \"Gosh\" is the former national security advisor of the republic of Sudan, prior to this position he was the director of Sudan's National Security and Intelligence Services, and holds the rank of army major general.", "Salah Gosh __knowledge__ Gosh was born in the village of Nuri, near Karima but moved during his childhood to Port Sudan.", "Salah Gosh __knowledge__ He was good a mathematics, became involved in the Islamist movement and went on to study engineering at the University of Khartoum.", "Salah Gosh __knowledge__ As a student he provided Hassan al Turabi's NIF movement with information about the beliefs of various student activists.", "Salah Gosh __knowledge__ After the 1989 coup he joined the Islamist government and helped Al Qaeda establish their base of operations in Sudan during the early 1990s.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "CIA activities in Sudan __knowledge__ Sudan has at least two conflicts: the Second Sudanese Civil War, now in a power-sharing agreement between the Northern Sudanese of Khartoum and the semi-autonomous South Sudan, with a capital in Juba, and a second conflict in the Darfur area of western Sudan.", "CIA activities in Sudan __knowledge__ The Khartoum government had, in the past, given sanctuary to trans-national Islamic terrorists, but, according to the 9/11 Commission Report, ousted al-Qaeda and cooperated with the US against such groups while simultaneously involving itself in human rights abuses in Darfur.", "CIA activities in Sudan __knowledge__ There are also transborder issues between Chad and Darfur, and, to a lesser extent, with the Central African Republic.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ Gag Concert () is a Korean sketch-comedy TV show on KBS 2TV network.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ It began airing in September 1999 and is the oldest of South Korea current comedy programs.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ The show is recorded on Wednesdays and airs on KBS 2TV on Sundays at 9:15 PM.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ The show airs with English subtitles after two weeks on KBS World TV on Saturdays at 6:00 PM.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ \"※ As of 7 January 2018\" \"(Korean: 아무말 대잔치, Starring: Jang Kiyeong, Park Yeongjin, Hong Hwon, Shin Jongryeong, Song Junseok)\" The contest that allows you to say anything.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ Contestants usually say the opposite of what one would expect them to say based on the context.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ \"(Korean: 명훈아 명훈아 명훈아, Starring: Jeong Myeonghun, Kim Minkyeong, Oh Nami, Lee Hyeonjeong)\" Three glamorous ladies try to entice Jeong Myeonghun with their charms.", "Lenore, the Cute Little Dead Girl __knowledge__ Lenore, The Cute Little Dead Girl is a black comedy comic series created by Roman Dirge, inspired by the poem \"Lenore\" by Edgar Allan Poe.", "Lenore, the Cute Little Dead Girl __knowledge__ Lenore has appeared in several comic books by Dirge.", "Lenore, the Cute Little Dead Girl __knowledge__ From 1998 to 2007, she featured in her own series published by Slave Labor Graphics.", "Lenore, the Cute Little Dead Girl __knowledge__ Twenty-six flash-animated shorts were also produced for Sony's ScreenBlast website in 2002.", "Lenore, the Cute Little Dead Girl __knowledge__ In July 2009, a new comic series started, now published by Titan Books and called \"Lenore Volume II\".", "Lenore, the Cute Little Dead Girl __knowledge__ Previous issues were made into colored edition trade paperback called \"Lenore Volume I\", which is separated into three books.", "Lenore, the Cute Little Dead Girl __knowledge__ On 31 July 2013,\" Lenore Volume II #8\" was released, marking the start of a plot line that continued for six issues.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "CAVE People __knowledge__ CAVE People (an acronym for \"Citizens Against Virtually Everything\") is a pejorative term for citizens who regularly oppose any changes in their community, organization or workplace.", "CAVE People __knowledge__ The phenomenon is linked to the so-called NIMBY (Not In My Back Yard) phenomenon in which residents oppose a development ostensibly on the grounds of it being inappropriate for the local area.", "CAVE People __knowledge__ While the NIMBY phenomenon is typically related to development issues, CAVE people, as the name implies, oppose virtually everything.", "CAVE People __knowledge__ This attitude is manifested in opposition to changes in public policy as varied as tax levies, sewer rates, public transportation routes, parking regulations and municipal mergers or annexations.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ This is a list of \"VeggieTales\" original videos.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ Where's God When I'm S-Scared?", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ was initially released on December 21, 1993 on VHS and was distributed by Word Entertainment on March 1, 1994.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ It features two stories about what to do when you are afraid.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ In the first segment, \"Tales from the Crisper\", Junior Asparagus is watching a scary movie before being told by his mother that he needs to go to bed.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ However, the movie has made him afraid and after imagining that his family in a portrait were frankenstein monsters, Bob and Larry drop in to help.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ After some discussion, the pair comfort Junior in song about how he does not need to be afraid because God is watching out for him and He is bigger than anything.", "Sexuality in ancient Rome __knowledge__ Sexuality in ancient Rome, and more broadly, \"sexual attitudes and behaviors in ancient Rome,\" are indicated by Roman art, literature and inscriptions, and to a lesser extent by archaeological remains such as erotic artifacts and architecture.", "Sexuality in ancient Rome __knowledge__ It has sometimes been assumed that \"unlimited sexual license\" was characteristic of ancient Rome; Verstraete and Provençal express the opinion that this perspective was simply a Christian interpretation: \"The sexuality of the Romans has never had good press in the West ever since the rise of Christianity.", "Sexuality in ancient Rome __knowledge__ In the popular imagination and culture, it is synonymous with sexual license and abuse.\"", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing is the craft of fastening or attaching objects using stitches made with a needle and thread.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing is one of the oldest of the textile arts, arising in the Paleolithic era.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Before the invention of spinning yarn or weaving fabric, archaeologists believe Stone Age people across Europe and Asia sewed fur and skin clothing using bone, antler or ivory needles and \"thread\" made of various animal body parts including sinew, catgut, and veins.", "Sewing __knowledge__ For thousands of years, all sewing was done by hand.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The invention of the sewing machine in the 19th century and the rise of computerization in the 20th century led to mass production and export of sewn objects, but hand sewing is still practiced around the world.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Fine hand sewing is a characteristic of high-quality tailoring, haute couture fashion, and custom dressmaking, and is pursued by both textile artists and hobbyists as a means of creative expression.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The first known use of the word \"sewing\" was in the 14th century.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing has an ancient history estimated to begin during the Paleolithic Age.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing was used to stitch together animal hides for clothing and for shelter.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The Inuit, for example, used sinew from caribou for thread and needles made of bone; the indigenous peoples of the American Plains and Canadian Prairies used sophisticated sewing methods to assemble tipi shelters.", "Sewing machine __knowledge__ A sewing machine is a machine used to stitch fabric and other materials together with thread.", "Sewing machine __knowledge__ Sewing machines were invented during the first Industrial Revolution to decrease the amount of manual sewing work performed in clothing companies.", "Sewing machine __knowledge__ Since the invention of the first working sewing machine, generally considered to have been the work of Englishman Thomas Saint in 1790, the sewing machine has greatly improved the efficiency and productivity of the clothing industry.", "Sewing machine __knowledge__ Home sewing machines are designed for one person to sew individual items while using a single stitch type.", "Sewing machine __knowledge__ In a modern sewing machine the fabric easily glides in and out of the machine without the inconvenience of needles and thimbles and other such tools used in hand sewing, automating the process of stitching and saving time.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ The economic history of the United States is about characteristics of and important developments in the U.S. economy from colonial times to the present.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ The emphasis is on economic performance and how it was affected by new technologies, the change of size in economic sectors and the effects of legislation and government policy.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ Specialized business history is covered in American business history.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ The colonial economy differed significantly from that of most other regions in that land and natural resources were abundant in America but labor was scarce.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ From 1700 to 1775 the output of the thirteen colonies increased 12 fold, giving the colonies an economy about 30% the size of Britain's at the time of independence.", "Singer Corporation __knowledge__ Singer Corporation is an American manufacturer of sewing machines, first established as I. M. Singer & Co. in 1851 by Isaac Merritt Singer with New York lawyer Edward Clark.", "Singer Corporation __knowledge__ Best known for its sewing machines, it was renamed Singer Manufacturing Company in 1865, then The Singer Company in 1963.", "Singer Corporation __knowledge__ It is based in La Vergne, Tennessee, near Nashville.", "Singer Corporation __knowledge__ Its first large factory for mass production was built in Elizabeth, New Jersey, in 1863.", "Singer Corporation __knowledge__ Singer’s original design, which was the first practical sewing machine for general domestic use, incorporated the basic eye-pointed needle and lock stitch developed by Elias Howe, who won a patent-infringement suit against Singer in 1854.", "Singer Model 27 and 127 __knowledge__ The Singer Model 27 and later model 127 were a series of lockstitch sewing machines produced by the Singer Manufacturing Company from the 1880s to the 1960s.", "Singer Model 27 and 127 __knowledge__ (The 27 and the 127 were full-size versions of the Singer 28 and later model 128 which were three-quarter size).", "Singer Model 27 and 127 __knowledge__ They were Singer's first sewing machines to make use of \"vibrating shuttle\" technology.", "Singer Model 27 and 127 __knowledge__ Millions were produced.", "Singer Model 27 and 127 __knowledge__ They are all steel and were built before the advent of planned obsolescence, and so they were designed to be repaired rather than replaced.", "Singer Model 27 and 127 __knowledge__ Consequently many remain today, some in collections and others still in service.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ Machine embroidery is an embroidery process whereby a sewing machine or embroidery machine is used to create patterns on textiles.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ It is used commercially in product branding, corporate advertising, and uniform adornment.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ It is also used in the fashion industry to decorate garments and apparel.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ Machine embroidery is used by hobbyists and crafters to decorate gifts, clothing, and home decor.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ Examples include designs on quilts, pillows, and wall hangings.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ There are multiple types of machine embroidery.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ Free-motion sewing machine embroidery uses a basic zigzag sewing machine.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ Designs are done manually.", "National Museum of American Illustration __knowledge__ The National Museum of American Illustration (NMAI), founded in 1998, is the first national museum to be devoted exclusively to American illustration artwork.", "National Museum of American Illustration __knowledge__ The NMAI is located on Newport, Rhode Island's historic Bellevue Avenue in the mansion Vernon Court, designed by the noted Gilded Age architecture firm Carrère and Hastings.", "National Museum of American Illustration __knowledge__ The museum's collection contains over 2,000 original works by noted American illustrators such as Norman Rockwell, Maxfield Parrish, J. C. Leyendecker, N.C. Wyeth, and others.", "National Museum of American Illustration __knowledge__ The NMAI was founded in 1998 by husband and wife team Laurence S. Cutler and Judy Goffman Cutler, with the National Arts Club as its founding institution.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ Specimens of Middle Cornish texts are given here in Cornish and English.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ Both texts have been dated within the period 1370-1410 and the \"Charter Fragment\" is given in two Cornish orthographies.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ (Earlier examples of written Cornish exist but these are the first in continuous prose or verse.)", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ It was not until the reign of Athelstan that the Cornish kings became subject to the rulers of Wessex: even so the border was established irrevocably on the east bank on the Tamar and in ecclesiastical matters Cornwall was added to the territory of the Bishops of Sherborne.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ Under Canute it ceased to be subject to the King of England and only later, at an unknown date in Edward the Confessor's reign was annexed again.", "I Got a Lot of Hurtin' Done Today/I've Got My Baby On My Mind __knowledge__ I Got a Lot of Hurtin' Done Today/I've Got My Baby On My Mind is the twenty fifth studio album by American country music artist, Connie Smith.", "I Got a Lot of Hurtin' Done Today/I've Got My Baby On My Mind __knowledge__ The album was released in January 1975 on Columbia Records and was produced by Ray Baker.", "I Got a Lot of Hurtin' Done Today/I've Got My Baby On My Mind __knowledge__ The album spawned three singles between 1974 and 1975, which included two Top 20 hits.", "I Got a Lot of Hurtin' Done Today/I've Got My Baby On My Mind __knowledge__ \"I Got a Lot of Hurtin' Done Today/I've Got My Baby On Mind\" contained eleven tracks and was produced at the Columbia Records Recording Studio in Nashville, Tennessee in 1974.", "I Got a Lot of Hurtin' Done Today/I've Got My Baby On My Mind __knowledge__ The album included a cover version of Hank Williams's \"Why Don't You Love Me\" (which would eventually be released as a single), as well as \"Searching (For Someone Like You).\"", "Recursive InterNetwork Architecture (RINA) __knowledge__ The Recursive InterNetwork Architecture (RINA) is a computer network architecture that unifies distributed computing and telecommunications.", "Recursive InterNetwork Architecture (RINA) __knowledge__ RINA's fundamental principle is that computer networking is just Inter-Process Communication or IPC.", "Recursive InterNetwork Architecture (RINA) __knowledge__ RINA reconstructs the overall structure of the Internet, forming a model that comprises a single repeating layer, the DIF (Distributed IPC Facility), which is the minimal set of components required to allow distributed IPC between application processes.", "Recursive InterNetwork Architecture (RINA) __knowledge__ RINA inherently supports mobility, multi-homing and Quality of Service without the need for extra mechanisms, provides a secure and programmable environment, motivates for a more competitive marketplace, and allows for a seamless adoption.", "History of baseball in the United States __knowledge__ The history of baseball in the United States can be traced to the 19th century, when amateurs played a baseball-like game by their own informal rules using homemade equipment.", "History of baseball in the United States __knowledge__ The popularity of the sport inspired the semi-pro national baseball clubs in the 1860s.", "History of baseball in the United States __knowledge__ The earliest known mention of baseball in the U.S was a 1791 Pittsfield, Massachusetts, ordinance banning the playing of the game within of the town meeting house.", "History of baseball in the United States __knowledge__ In 1903, the British sportswriter Henry Chadwick published an article speculating that baseball derived from a British game called rounders, which Chadwick had played as a boy in England.", "Dakota Access Pipeline protests __knowledge__ The Dakota Access Pipeline protests, also known by the hashtag #NODAPL, are grassroots movements that began in early 2016 in reaction to the approved construction of Energy Transfer Partners' Dakota Access Pipeline in the northern United States.", "Dakota Access Pipeline protests __knowledge__ The pipeline was projected to run from the Bakken oil fields in western North Dakota to southern Illinois, crossing beneath the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers, as well as under part of Lake Oahe near the Standing Rock Indian Reservation.", "Dakota Access Pipeline protests __knowledge__ Many in the Standing Rock tribe considered the pipeline and its intended crossing of the Missouri River to constitute a threat to the region's clean water and to ancient burial grounds.", "Ezra Pound __knowledge__ Ezra Weston Loomis Pound (30 October 1885 – 1 November 1972) was an expatriate American poet and critic, as well as a major figure in the early modernist movement.", "Ezra Pound __knowledge__ His contribution to poetry began with his development of Imagism, a movement derived from classical Chinese and Japanese poetry, stressing clarity, precision and economy of language.", "Ezra Pound __knowledge__ His works include \"Ripostes\" (1912), \"Hugh Selwyn Mauberley\" (1920) and the unfinished 120-section epic, \"The Cantos\" (1917–1969).", "Ezra Pound __knowledge__ Pound worked in London during the early 20th century as foreign editor of several American literary magazines, and helped discover and shape the work of contemporaries such as T. S. Eliot, James Joyce, Robert Frost and Ernest Hemingway.", "California Trail __knowledge__ The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "California Trail __knowledge__ After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "California Trail __knowledge__ In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "California Trail __knowledge__ By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing is the craft of fastening or attaching objects using stitches made with a needle and thread.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing is one of the oldest of the textile arts, arising in the Paleolithic era.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Before the invention of spinning yarn or weaving fabric, archaeologists believe Stone Age people across Europe and Asia sewed fur and skin clothing using bone, antler or ivory needles and \"thread\" made of various animal body parts including sinew, catgut, and veins.", "Sewing __knowledge__ For thousands of years, all sewing was done by hand.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The invention of the sewing machine in the 19th century and the rise of computerization in the 20th century led to mass production and export of sewn objects, but hand sewing is still practiced around the world.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Fine hand sewing is a characteristic of high-quality tailoring, haute couture fashion, and custom dressmaking, and is pursued by both textile artists and hobbyists as a means of creative expression.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The first known use of the word \"sewing\" was in the 14th century.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing has an ancient history estimated to begin during the Paleolithic Age.", "Sewing __knowledge__ Sewing was used to stitch together animal hides for clothing and for shelter.", "Sewing __knowledge__ The Inuit, for example, used sinew from caribou for thread and needles made of bone; the indigenous peoples of the American Plains and Canadian Prairies used sophisticated sewing methods to assemble tipi shelters.", "You Boyz Make Big Noize (song) __knowledge__ You Boyz Make Big Noize is a song by the British rock band Slade, released in 1987 as a non-album single.", "You Boyz Make Big Noize (song) __knowledge__ It was written by lead vocalist Noddy Holder and bassist Jim Lea, and produced by Lea.", "You Boyz Make Big Noize (song) __knowledge__ Named after the band's 1987 album of the same name, the song reached No.", "You Boyz Make Big Noize (song) __knowledge__ 94 in the UK, remaining in the chart for the one week.", "You Boyz Make Big Noize (song) __knowledge__ The song did not appear on the UK/European release of the \"You Boyz Make Big Noize\" album.", "You Boyz Make Big Noize (song) __knowledge__ However, later editions would add the song as the thirteenth track.", "You Boyz Make Big Noize (song) __knowledge__ For the album's CBS release in the United States, \"You Boyz Make Big Noize\" was included, replacing the fourth track \"Fools Go Crazy\".", "Manuel Belgrano __knowledge__ Manuel José Joaquín del Corazón de Jesús Belgrano (3 June 1770 – 20 June 1820), usually referred to as Manuel Belgrano, was an Argentine economist, lawyer, politician, and military leader.", "Manuel Belgrano __knowledge__ He took part in the Argentine Wars of Independence and created the Flag of Argentina.", "Manuel Belgrano __knowledge__ He is regarded as one of the main \"Libertadores\" of the country.", "Manuel Belgrano __knowledge__ Belgrano was born in Buenos Aires, the fourth child of Italian businessman Domingo Belgrano y Peri and Josefa Casero.", "Manuel Belgrano __knowledge__ He came into contact with the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment while at university in Spain around the time of the French Revolution.", "Manuel Belgrano __knowledge__ Upon his return to the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, where he became a notable member of the criollo population of Buenos Aires, he tried to promote some of the new political and economic ideals, but found severe resistance from local peninsulars.", "You Boyz Make Big Noize __knowledge__ You Boyz Make Big Noize is the fourteenth studio album by the British rock group Slade.", "You Boyz Make Big Noize __knowledge__ It was released on 27 April 1987 and reached No.", "You Boyz Make Big Noize __knowledge__ 98 in the UK charts.", "You Boyz Make Big Noize __knowledge__ The album was largely produced by bassist Jim Lea, although some tracks were produced by John Punter or Roy Thomas Baker instead.", "You Boyz Make Big Noize __knowledge__ For the album, the band set out to record a 1970s sound using 1980s technology.", "You Boyz Make Big Noize __knowledge__ It was the last studio album by the original lineup, prior to their split in 1992.", "You Boyz Make Big Noize __knowledge__ The US version of the album, which was released on the CBS label, replaced \"Fools Go Crazy\" with the title track \"You Boyz Make Big Noize\", which did not appear on the UK/European versions of the original album.", "We Won't Give In __knowledge__ \"We Won't Give In\" is a song by the British rock band Slade, released in 1987 as the fourth and final single from their fourteenth studio album \"You Boyz Make Big Noize\".", "We Won't Give In __knowledge__ The song was written by lead vocalist Noddy Holder and bassist Jim Lea, and produced by Lea.", "We Won't Give In __knowledge__ It failed to reach the UK Top 100, reaching No.", "We Won't Give In __knowledge__ 121.", "We Won't Give In __knowledge__ Slade began writing and recording material for their \"You Boyz Make Big Noize\" album in 1986.", "We Won't Give In __knowledge__ That year, \"We Won't Give In\" was recorded for inclusion on the soundtrack of the 1986 film \"Knights and Emeralds\", along with another Slade song \"Wild Wild Party\".", "We Won't Give In __knowledge__ Although the film company had hoped to release the song as a single, RCA refused to give them permission to do so.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ Paz, also known as The Paz Show or Paz the Penguin, is an animated television series that debuted on February 24, 2003 on Discovery Kids and TLC in the United States.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ It also aired on Treehouse TV in Canada, and on ITV in the United Kingdom.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ The show was produced by Telescreen BV, Egmont Imagination, King Rollo Films, Open Mind Productions, and Discovery Kids.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ The series was based on a series of books written and illustrated by Mary Murphy.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ 1.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ THE RIGHT MOVES: Pig teaches a dance class with surprising results.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ Sometimes mistakes are the best part!", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ At first, Pig worries that she is a bad dance teacher.", "Ooh La La in L.A. __knowledge__ \"Ooh La La in L.A.\" is a song by the British rock band Slade, released in 1987 as the third single from their fourteenth studio album \"You Boyz Make Big Noize\".", "Ooh La La in L.A. __knowledge__ The song was written by lead vocalist Noddy Holder and bassist Jim Lea, and produced by John Punter.", "Ooh La La in L.A. __knowledge__ Slade began writing and recording material for their \"You Boyz Make Big Noize\" album in 1986.", "Ooh La La in L.A. __knowledge__ Hoping to record a hit album that would put them back in the public eye, \"You Boyz Make Big Noize\" was released in 1987, however both the album and its singles \"Still the Same\" and \"That's What Friends Are For\" all failed to achieve the expected level of commercial success.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Sewing machine __knowledge__ A sewing machine is a machine used to stitch fabric and other materials together with thread.", "Sewing machine __knowledge__ Sewing machines were invented during the first Industrial Revolution to decrease the amount of manual sewing work performed in clothing companies.", "Sewing machine __knowledge__ Since the invention of the first working sewing machine, generally considered to have been the work of Englishman Thomas Saint in 1790, the sewing machine has greatly improved the efficiency and productivity of the clothing industry.", "Sewing machine __knowledge__ Home sewing machines are designed for one person to sew individual items while using a single stitch type.", "Sewing machine __knowledge__ In a modern sewing machine the fabric easily glides in and out of the machine without the inconvenience of needles and thimbles and other such tools used in hand sewing, automating the process of stitching and saving time.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ The economic history of the United States is about characteristics of and important developments in the U.S. economy from colonial times to the present.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ The emphasis is on economic performance and how it was affected by new technologies, the change of size in economic sectors and the effects of legislation and government policy.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ Specialized business history is covered in American business history.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ The colonial economy differed significantly from that of most other regions in that land and natural resources were abundant in America but labor was scarce.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ From 1700 to 1775 the output of the thirteen colonies increased 12 fold, giving the colonies an economy about 30% the size of Britain's at the time of independence.", "Quilt __knowledge__ A quilt is a multi-layered textile, traditionally composed of three layers of fiber: a woven cloth top, a layer of batting or wadding, and a woven back, combined using the technique of quilting, the process of sewing the three layers together.", "Quilt __knowledge__ The pattern of stitching can be the key decorative element if a single piece of fabric is used for the top of a quilt, (a \"wholecloth quilt\"), but in many cases the top is pieced from a patchwork of smaller fabric pieces; and the pattern and color of these pieces will be important to the design.", "Quilt __knowledge__ In the twenty-first century, quilts are frequently displayed as non-utilitarian works of art but historically quilts were often used as bedcovers; and this use persists today.", "Mass production __knowledge__ Mass production, also known as flow production or continuous production, is the production of large amounts of standardized products, including and especially on assembly lines.", "Mass production __knowledge__ Together with job production and batch production, it is one of the three main production methods.", "Mass production __knowledge__ The term \"mass production\" was popularized by a 1926 article in the \"Encyclopædia Britannica\" supplement that was written based on correspondence with Ford Motor Company.", "Mass production __knowledge__ The \"New York Times\" used the term in the title of an article that appeared before publication of the \"Britannica\" article.", "Mass production __knowledge__ The concepts of mass production are applied to various kinds of products, from fluids and particulates handled in bulk (such as food, fuel, chemicals, and mined minerals) to discrete solid parts (such as fasteners) to assemblies of such parts (such as household appliances and automobiles).", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ This article is about the important technologies that have historically increased productivity.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ Productivity in general is a ratio of output to input in the production of goods and services.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ Productivity is increased by lowering the amount of labor, capital, energy or materials that go into producing any given amount of economic goods and services.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ Increases in productivity are largely responsible for the increase in per capita living standards.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ Productivity improving technologies date back to antiquity, with rather slow progress until the late Middle Ages.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ Important examples of early to medieval European technology include the water wheel, the horse collar, the spinning wheel, the three-field system (after 1500 the four-field system—see Crop rotation) and the blast furnace.", "Singer Corporation __knowledge__ Singer Corporation is an American manufacturer of sewing machines, first established as I. M. Singer & Co. in 1851 by Isaac Merritt Singer with New York lawyer Edward Clark.", "Singer Corporation __knowledge__ Best known for its sewing machines, it was renamed Singer Manufacturing Company in 1865, then The Singer Company in 1963.", "Singer Corporation __knowledge__ It is based in La Vergne, Tennessee, near Nashville.", "Singer Corporation __knowledge__ Its first large factory for mass production was built in Elizabeth, New Jersey, in 1863.", "Singer Corporation __knowledge__ Singer’s original design, which was the first practical sewing machine for general domestic use, incorporated the basic eye-pointed needle and lock stitch developed by Elias Howe, who won a patent-infringement suit against Singer in 1854." ] ]

[ 2, 11, 0, 5, 6 ]

[ "I just love sewing. It is one of the oldest of the textile arts. Sewing goes as far back as the Paleolithic era.", "Cave people actually stands for \"Citizens Against Virtually Everything\" now days. Boy have things changed.", "I'm sure they would if it was done today like it was for thousands of years, by hand.", "Me too. The invention of the sewing machine in the 19th century brought on the rise of computerization and mass production of sewn objects.", "Now fine hand sewing is really a symbol of high-quality tailoring, haute couture fashion, and custom dress making." ]

[ "Sewing", "Sewing", "Sewing", "Sewing", "Sewing" ]

[ "Iceland\nI wish I could move to Iceland.", "It blows my mind that there can be a country with so few people. I like that about it, though. The solitude can be nice.", "The city would be cool, but I would want to live out in a smaller town, like Bolungarvik.", "Yeah, they even erupted back in 2014! Still, those things are pretty easy to forecast so I feel like I should be safe enough.", "I love the cold weather. My only concern would be the long, dark winters." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland (; , ) is a Nordic island country of Europe located in the North Atlantic Ocean.", "Iceland __knowledge__ It has a population of and an area of , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The capital and largest city is Reykjavík.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is volcanically and geologically active.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate.", "Iceland __knowledge__ According to the ancient manuscript \"Landnámabók\", the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island.", "Iceland __knowledge__ In the following centuries, Norwegians, and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, emigrated to Iceland, bringing with them thralls (i.e.", "Iceland __knowledge__ slaves or serfs) of Gaelic origin.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing, one of the world's oldest functioning legislative assemblies.", "Icesave dispute __knowledge__ The Icesave dispute was a diplomatic dispute that began after the privately owned Icelandic bank Landsbanki was placed in receivership on 7 October 2008.", "Icesave dispute __knowledge__ As \"Landsbanki\" was one of three systemically important financial institutions in Iceland to go bankrupt within a few days, the Icelandic Depositors' and Investors' Guarantee Fund (\"Tryggingarsjóður\") had no remaining funds to make good on deposit guarantees to foreign \"Landsbanki\" depositors who held savings in the Icesave branch of the bank.", "Icesave dispute __knowledge__ When \"Landsbanki\" was placed into receivership by the Icelandic Financial Supervisory Authority (FME), 343,306 retail depositors in the UK and Netherlands that held accounts in the \"Icesave\" branch of \"Landsbanki\" lost a total of €6.7bn of savings.", "2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis __knowledge__ The Icelandic financial crisis was a major economic and political event in Iceland that involved the default of all three of the country's major privately owned commercial banks in late 2008, following their difficulties in refinancing their short-term debt and a run on deposits in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.", "2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis __knowledge__ Relative to the size of its economy, Iceland's systemic banking collapse was the largest experienced by any country in economic history.", "2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis __knowledge__ The crisis led to a severe economic depression in 2008–2010 and significant political unrest.", "2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis __knowledge__ In the years preceding the crisis, three Icelandic banks, Kaupthing, Landsbanki and Glitnir, multiplied in size.", "Index of Iceland-related articles __knowledge__ Articles (arranged alphabetically) related to Iceland include: - 1. deild karla - 2. deild karla - 3. deild karla - 4. deild karla - 101 Reykjavík - 12 Tónar - 1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland - 24 stundir - 365 (media corporation) - 66°NORTH - A Little Trip to Heaven - A Man Like Me - Abortion in Iceland - Actavis - Administrative divisions of Iceland - Age of the Sturlungs - Agnar Helgason - Agreed Minute - Air Atlanta Icelandic - Air Iceland - Akranes - Akranesvöllur - Akureyrarvöllur - Akureyri Airport - Akureyri Junior College - Akureyri - Albert Guðmundsson - Albert Kristjansson - Aldeyjarfoss - Alfred Jolson - Alfreð Gíslason - All Out of Luck - Allt í drasli - Allt Sem Ég Á - Althing - Alþingishúsið - AM 738 4to - AM 748 I 4to - AMFJ - Amiina - Ampop - Andri Snær Magnason - Angel (Two Tricky song) - Angels of the Universe - Animamina - Apavatn - Apparat Organ Quartet - Architecture of Iceland - Arctic fox - Argja Bóltfelag - Ari Freyr Skúlason - Ari Guðmundsson - Ari Trausti Guðmundsson - Ari Þorgilsson - Arnaldur Indriðason - Arnamagnæan Manuscript Collection - Arnar Grétarsson - Arnar Gunnlaugsson - Arnar Jónsson (actor) - Arnar Jónsson (basketball) - Arnar Viðarsson - Arnavatnsheiði - Arngrímur Jónsson - Arnór Guðjohnsen - Arnórr jarlaskáld - Aron Gunnarsson - As Above... - Askja (building) - Askja - Asmund and Signy - Atlantic Cup (Europe) - Atlantic puffin - Atli Eðvaldsson - Atli Heimir Sveinsson - Attention (GusGus album) - Aud the Deep-Minded - Auðun Helgason - Auðunn Blöndal - Auður Jónsdóttir - August & Telma - Austur-Húnavatnssýsla - Austur-Skaftafellssýsla - Á Móti Sól - Ágúst Guðmundsson - Ágúst Gylfason - Ágúst Ævar Gunnarsson - Ágústa Eva Erlendsdóttir - Ágætis byrjun - Áki Ásgeirsson - Álafoss - Álfrún Gunnlaugsdóttir - Álftanes - Áramótaskaupið - Árborg - Árbæjarsafn - Árbær - Ármann Smári Björnsson - Árnagarður - Árneshreppur - Árnessýsla - Árni beiskur - Árni Bergmann - Árni Gautur Arason - Árni Helgason - Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies - Árni Magnússon - Árni Mathiesen - Árni Sigfússon - Árni Þorláksson - Árni Þórarinsson - Ásbirningar family clan - Ásbyrgi - Ásgeir Ásgeirsson - Ásgeir Helgason - Ásgeir Sigurvinsson - Ásgrímur Jónsson - Áskell Örn Kárason - Ásmundur Sveinsson - ÁTVR - Ba Ba Ti Ki Di Do - Bad Taste (record label) - Bakkafjörður - Bakkavör - Baldur Bett - Baldur Möller - Baldur Ragnarsson - Baldur Sigurðsson - Baldur, Manitoba - Baldwin Baldwinson - Baltasar Kormákur - Banana production in Iceland - Bandalag íslenskra skáta - Bandamanna saga - Bang Gang - Barðastrandarsýsla - Barðaströnd - Barði Jóhannsson - Barðsneshorn - Barnafossar - Basque–Icelandic pidgin - Battle of Haugsnes - Battle of Sauðafell - Battle of the Gulf - Battle of Víðines - Battle of Örlygsstaðir - Baugur Group - Baula - Bárðar saga Snæfellsáss - Bárðarbunga - Bellatrix (band) - Benedikt Sigurðsson Gröndal - Beowulf & Grendel - Berglind Ásgeirsdóttir - Bergsbók - Bergur Sigurbjörnsson - Bergþórshvoll - Bernard Bernard - Bersi Skáldtorfuson - Bessastadahreppur - Bessastaðir - Bifröst (town) - Bifröst University - Bill Sveinson - Bing Bang (Time to Dance) - Birgir Sigurðsson (writer) - Birgitta Haukdal - Birkir Bjarnason - Birkir Ívar Guðmundsson - Birkir Kristinsson - Bishop of Iceland - Bishop of Reykjavík (Catholic) - Bíldudalur - Bitið fast í vitið - Bjargtangar - Bjarki Gunnlaugsson - Bjarnar saga Hítdœlakappa - Bjarni Ármannsson - Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1908) - Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1970) - Bjarni Bjarnason - Bjarni Friðriksson - Bjarni Guðjónsson - Bjarni Herjólfsson - Bjarni Jónsson (artist) - Bjarni Jónsson - Bjarni Thorarensen - Bjarni Tryggvason - Bjarni Viðarsson - Björgólfur Guðmundsson - Björgólfur Hideaki Takefusa - Björgólfur Thor Björgólfsson - Björgvin Halldórsson - Björk (album) - Björk Guðmundsdóttir & tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar - Björk - Björn Bjarnason - Björn Gunnlaugsson - Björn Hjörtur Guðmundsson - Björn Jónsson - Björn Th.", "History of Iceland __knowledge__ The recorded history of Iceland began with the settlement by Viking explorers and their slaves from the east, particularly Norway and the British Isles, in the late ninth century.", "History of Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland was still uninhabited long after the rest of Western Europe had been settled.", "History of Iceland __knowledge__ Recorded settlement has conventionally been dated back to 874, although archaeological evidence indicates Gaelic monks had settled Iceland before that date.", "History of Iceland __knowledge__ The land was settled quickly, mainly by Norwegians who may have been fleeing conflict or seeking new land to farm.", "History of Iceland __knowledge__ By 930, the chieftains had established a form of governance, the \"Althing\", making it one of the world's oldest parliaments.", "Iceland–European Union relations __knowledge__ Iceland is heavily integrated into the European Union via the European Economic Area and the Schengen Agreement, but it is not a member state.", "Iceland–European Union relations __knowledge__ Iceland did apply for membership in 2009 but the application was controversial and was frozen by the Icelandic government.", "Iceland–European Union relations __knowledge__ Iceland is a member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), a grouping of four non-EU European countries, and is also part of the European Economic Area (EEA).", "Iceland–European Union relations __knowledge__ Through the EEA, Iceland participates with a non-voting status in certain EU agencies and programmes, including enterprise, environment, education (including the Erasmus Programme) and research programs.", "Whaling in Iceland __knowledge__ Whaling in Iceland began with spear-drift whaling which was practised from as early as the 12th century, and continued in a vestigial form until the late 19th century.", "Whaling in Iceland __knowledge__ The country's cultural relationship with whales is reflected in the Icelandic language: \"hvalreki\" is the word for \"beached whale\", while also meaning something good that is unexpectedly yours or at your disposal.", "Whaling in Iceland __knowledge__ Modern commercial whaling was introduced to Iceland by companies from other nations in the late 19th century.", "Whaling in Iceland __knowledge__ Today, Iceland is involved in commercial whaling under objection to an ongoing moratorium established by the International Whaling Commission in 1986." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland (; , ) is a Nordic island country of Europe located in the North Atlantic Ocean.", "Iceland __knowledge__ It has a population of and an area of , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The capital and largest city is Reykjavík.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is volcanically and geologically active.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate.", "Iceland __knowledge__ According to the ancient manuscript \"Landnámabók\", the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island.", "Iceland __knowledge__ In the following centuries, Norwegians, and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, emigrated to Iceland, bringing with them thralls (i.e.", "Iceland __knowledge__ slaves or serfs) of Gaelic origin.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing, one of the world's oldest functioning legislative assemblies.", "Solitude __knowledge__ Solitude is a state of seclusion or isolation, i.e., lack of contact with people.", "Solitude __knowledge__ It may stem from bad relationships, loss of loved ones, deliberate choice, infectious disease, mental disorders, neurological disorders or circumstances of employment or situation (see castaway).", "Solitude __knowledge__ Short-term solitude is often valued as a time when one may work, think or rest without being disturbed.", "Solitude __knowledge__ It may be desired for the sake of privacy.", "Solitude __knowledge__ A distinction has been made between solitude and loneliness.", "Solitude __knowledge__ In this sense, these two words refer, respectively, to the joy and the pain of being alone.", "Solitude __knowledge__ Symptoms from complete isolation, called sensory deprivation, often include anxiety, sensory illusions, or even distortions of time and perception.", "French Riviera __knowledge__ The Côte d'Azur (; ; literal translation \"Coast of Azure\"), often known in English as the French Riviera, is the Mediterranean coastline of the southeast corner of France, also including the state of Monaco.", "French Riviera __knowledge__ There is no official boundary, but it is usually considered to extend from the France-Italy border (Italian Riviera, east) to Saint-Tropez, Hyères, Toulon or Cassis (west), in the French Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region.", "French Riviera __knowledge__ This coastline was one of the first modern resort areas.", "French Riviera __knowledge__ It began as a winter health resort for the British upper class at the end of the 18th century.", "French Riviera __knowledge__ With the arrival of the railway in the mid-19th century, it became the playground and vacation spot of British, Russian, and other aristocrats, such as Queen Victoria and King Edward VII, when he was Prince of Wales.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Gabriel García Márquez __knowledge__ Gabriel José de la Concordia García Márquez (; ; 6 March 1927 – 17 April 2014) was a Colombian novelist, short-story writer, screenwriter and journalist, known affectionately as Gabo or Gabito throughout Latin America.", "Gabriel García Márquez __knowledge__ Considered one of the most significant authors of the 20th century and one of the best in the Spanish language, he was awarded the 1972 Neustadt International Prize for Literature and the 1982 Nobel Prize in Literature.", "Gabriel García Márquez __knowledge__ He pursued a self-directed education that resulted in his leaving law school for a career in journalism.", "Gabriel García Márquez __knowledge__ From early on, he showed no inhibitions in his criticism of Colombian and foreign politics.", "Fortress of Solitude __knowledge__ The Fortress of Solitude is a fictional fortress appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with Superman.", "Fortress of Solitude __knowledge__ A place of solace and occasional headquarters for Superman, the fortress is typically depicted as being in frozen tundra, away from civilization.", "Fortress of Solitude __knowledge__ Its predecessor, Superman's \"Secret Citadel\", first appeared in \"Superman\" #17, where it was said to be built into a mountain on the outskirts of Metropolis.", "Fortress of Solitude __knowledge__ By issue #58 (May–June 1949) it is referred to as the Fortress of Solitude, seems at a glance to be a freestanding castle, and is said to be located in a \"polar waste\".", "Lex Luthor in other media __knowledge__ Lex Luthor is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Lex Luthor in other media __knowledge__ As Superman's archenemy, he has been portrayed in almost every Superman media franchise and adaptation.", "Lex Luthor in other media __knowledge__ Lex Luthor is a major character within the Superman mythos and has appeared in many of Superman's adaptations into other media.", "Lex Luthor in other media __knowledge__ The character is typically depicted as a wealthy, power-mad American business magnate based in the city of Metropolis.", "Lex Luthor in other media __knowledge__ His portrayal in feature films range from being a vain criminal interested in real estate development to that of a genius who heads a technology company called LexCorp.", "One Hundred Years of Solitude __knowledge__ One Hundred Years of Solitude (, ) is a landmark 1967 novel by Colombian author Gabriel García Márquez that tells the multi-generational story of the Buendía family, whose patriarch, José Arcadio Buendía, founds the town of Macondo, in the metaphoric country of Colombia.", "One Hundred Years of Solitude __knowledge__ The magical realist style and thematic substance of \"One Hundred Years of Solitude\" established it as an important representative novel of the literary Latin American Boom of the 1960s and 1970s, which was stylistically influenced by Modernism (European and North American) and the Cuban \"Vanguardia\" (Avant-Garde) literary movement.", "Netherlands __knowledge__ The Netherlands (; ), also known informally as Holland, is a country in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.", "Netherlands __knowledge__ Together with three island territories in the Caribbean (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba), it forms the main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.", "Netherlands __knowledge__ The European portion of the Netherlands consists of twelve provinces and borders Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, and the North Sea to the northwest, sharing maritime borders in the North Sea with Belgium, the United Kingdom, and Germany.", "Netherlands __knowledge__ The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht (forming the Randstad megalopolis) and Eindhoven (leading the Brabantse Stedenrij).", "Philippines __knowledge__ The Philippines (; or ' ), officially the Republic of the Philippines () is a unitary sovereign state and island country in Southeast Asia.", "Philippines __knowledge__ Situated in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.", "Philippines __knowledge__ The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila.", "Philippines __knowledge__ Bounded by the South China Sea on the west, the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest, the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north, Vietnam to the west, Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south.", "Sweden __knowledge__ Sweden ( ; ), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.", "Sweden __knowledge__ It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund.", "Sweden __knowledge__ At , Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area.", "Sweden __knowledge__ Sweden has a total population of 10 million of which 2.3 million has a foreign background.", "Sweden __knowledge__ It has a low population density of ; the highest concentration is in the southern half of the country.", "Sweden __knowledge__ Approximately 85% of the population lives in urban areas.", "Sweden __knowledge__ Germanic peoples have inhabited Sweden since prehistoric times, emerging into history as the Geats (Swedish Götar) and Swedes (Svear) and constituting the sea peoples known as the Norsemen.", "Industrial Revolution __knowledge__ The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.", "Industrial Revolution __knowledge__ This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, the increasing use of steam power, the development of machine tools and the rise of the factory system.", "Industrial Revolution __knowledge__ Textiles were the dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, value of output and capital invested.", "Industrial Revolution __knowledge__ The textile industry was also the first to use modern production methods.", "Industrial Revolution __knowledge__ The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, and many of the technological innovations were British.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ Shrinking cities or urban depopulation are dense cities that have experienced notable population loss.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ Emigration (migration from a place) is a common reason for city shrinkage.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ Since the infrastructure of such cities was built to support a larger population, its maintenance can become a serious concern.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ A related phenomenon is counter urbanization.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ The phenomenon of shrinking cities generally refers to a metropolitan area that experiences significant population loss in a short period of time.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ The theory is also known as counterurbanization, metropolitan deconcentration, and metropolitan turnaround.", "History of Palestine __knowledge__ The history of Palestine is the study of the past in the region of Palestine, generally defined as a geographic region in the Southern Levant between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River (where Israel and Palestine are today), and various adjoining lands.", "History of Palestine __knowledge__ Situated at a strategic point between Europe, Asia, and Africa, and the birthplace of Judaism and Christianity, the region has a long and tumultuous history as a crossroads for religion, culture, commerce, and politics.", "History of Palestine __knowledge__ The Palestine region or parts of it have been controlled by numerous different peoples and regional powers, including the Canaanites, Amorites, Ancient Egyptians, Israelites, Moabites, Ammonites, Tjeker, Philistines, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, ancient Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, different dynasties of the Early Muslim period (Umayads, Abbasids, Seljuqs, Fatimids), Crusaders, Late Muslim dynasties (Ayyubids, Mamluks, Ottoman Turks), the British, Jordanians (1948–1967, on the \"West Bank\") and Egyptians (in Gaza), and modern Israelis and Palestinians." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland (; , ) is a Nordic island country of Europe located in the North Atlantic Ocean.", "Iceland __knowledge__ It has a population of and an area of , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The capital and largest city is Reykjavík.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is volcanically and geologically active.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate.", "Iceland __knowledge__ According to the ancient manuscript \"Landnámabók\", the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island.", "Iceland __knowledge__ In the following centuries, Norwegians, and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, emigrated to Iceland, bringing with them thralls (i.e.", "Iceland __knowledge__ slaves or serfs) of Gaelic origin.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing, one of the world's oldest functioning legislative assemblies.", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ \"Digimon Adventure\" and \"Digimon Adventure 02\" are the first two seasons of the Digimon anime series.", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ \"Digimon Adventure\" originally aired from March 7, 1999 – March 26, 2000 whilst \"Digimon Adventure 02\" originally aired from April 2, 2000 – March 25, 2001 as a direct sequel to the preceding series.", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ Both series feature a variety of different characters but mostly centre upon \"The DigiDestined\", a group of children and their partner Digimon who have been chosen to protect the Digital World from various forces of evil.", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ A sequel 6-part movie series titled \"Digimon Adventure tri.\"", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ started airing in November 2015. are a group of children and their partner Digimon who have been chosen to protect the Digital World from various forces of evil.", "EPCOT (concept) __knowledge__ The Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow (EPCOT) was an unfinished concept developed by Walt Disney.", "EPCOT (concept) __knowledge__ Its purpose was to be a \"real city that would 'never cease to be a blueprint of the future,'\" designed to stimulate American industry to develop new ideas for urban living.", "EPCOT (concept) __knowledge__ The city was planned to be a company town.", "EPCOT (concept) __knowledge__ The \"EPCOT idea\" was part of Walt Disney's original plan for the property purchased near Orlando, Florida.", "EPCOT (concept) __knowledge__ After his death in 1966, the property became the Walt Disney World Resort in 1971 and a theme park based on the idea opened in 1982.", "EPCOT (concept) __knowledge__ A portion of the original architectural model of the concept is on display on the Tomorrowland Transit Authority PeopleMover, located in Tomorrowland at the Magic Kingdom.", "Town __knowledge__ A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city.", "Town __knowledge__ The size definition for what constitutes a \"town\" varies considerably in different parts of the world.", "Town __knowledge__ The word town shares an origin with the German word \"Zaun\", the Dutch word \"tuin\", and the Old Norse \"tun\".", "Town __knowledge__ The German word \"Zaun\" comes closest to the original meaning of the word: a fence of any material.", "Town __knowledge__ An early borrowing from Celtic *dunom (cf.", "Town __knowledge__ Old Irish dun, Welsh din \"fortress, fortified place, camp,\" dinas \"city\").", "Town __knowledge__ In English and Dutch, the meaning of the word took on the sense of the space which these fences enclosed.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "California Trail __knowledge__ The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "California Trail __knowledge__ After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "California Trail __knowledge__ In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "California Trail __knowledge__ By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ Shrinking cities or urban depopulation are dense cities that have experienced notable population loss.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ Emigration (migration from a place) is a common reason for city shrinkage.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ Since the infrastructure of such cities was built to support a larger population, its maintenance can become a serious concern.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ A related phenomenon is counter urbanization.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ The phenomenon of shrinking cities generally refers to a metropolitan area that experiences significant population loss in a short period of time.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ The theory is also known as counterurbanization, metropolitan deconcentration, and metropolitan turnaround.", "Washington Marriott Marquis __knowledge__ Marriott Marquis Washington, DC is a luxury hotel located on Massachusetts Avenue NW, in NW, Washington, D.C., the United States.", "Washington Marriott Marquis __knowledge__ The hotel is connected to the Walter E. Washington Convention Center across 9th Street NW via an underground concourse.", "Washington Marriott Marquis __knowledge__ The Washington Marriott Marquis is considered a \"convention center headquarters hotel\", designed both to provide lodging for attendees at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center across the street, and to augment the convention center by providing smaller, more versatile meeting rooms.", "Washington Marriott Marquis __knowledge__ The hotel has of meeting room space, which includes a main ballroom and two smaller ballrooms.", "Reykjavík __knowledge__ Reykjavík ( ; ) is the capital and largest city of Iceland.", "Reykjavík __knowledge__ It is located in southwestern Iceland, on the southern shore of Faxa Bay.", "Reykjavík __knowledge__ Its latitude is 64°08' N, making it the world's northernmost capital of a sovereign state.", "Reykjavík __knowledge__ With a population of around 123,300 (and over 216,940 in the Capital Region), it is the heart of Iceland's cultural, economic and governmental activity, and is a popular tourist destination.. Reykjavík is believed to be the location of the first permanent settlement in Iceland, which, according to Ingólfur Arnarson, was established in AD 874.", "Reykjavík __knowledge__ Until the 19th century, there was no urban development in the city location.", "Knattspyrnufélagið Fram __knowledge__ Knattspyrnufélagið Fram () is an Icelandic sports club, best known for its football and handball teams.", "Knattspyrnufélagið Fram __knowledge__ It was founded on 1 May 1908 in Reykjavík.", "Knattspyrnufélagið Fram __knowledge__ It is based at Safamýri, in the Háaleiti og Bústaðir district near Reykjavík city centre.", "Knattspyrnufélagið Fram __knowledge__ The football team currently plays in the second division, the 1. deild karla after being relegated in the 2014 season.", "Knattspyrnufélagið Fram __knowledge__ The club also has strong handball teams; the men's team won the Icelandic championship in 2013.", "Knattspyrnufélagið Fram __knowledge__ Other sports offered by the club include basketball, taekwondo and skiing.", "Knattspyrnufélagið Fram __knowledge__ Fram is one of the most successful clubs in Iceland: it has eighteen national championship titles and seven national cup titles, and it is regarded as one of the biggest teams in Iceland and the best known Icelandic football team in Europe.", "Reykjavík 871±2 __knowledge__ The Settlement Exhibition Reykjavík 871 +/- 2 is an exhibition on the settlement of Reykjavík, Iceland, created by the Reykjavik City Museum.", "Reykjavík 871±2 __knowledge__ The exhibition is based on the archaeological excavation of the ruin of one of the first houses in Iceland and findings from other excavations in the city centre.", "Reykjavík 871±2 __knowledge__ The exhibition is located in 101 Reykjavík, on Aðalstræti 16, on the corner of Aðalstræti and Suðurgata.", "Reykjavík 871±2 __knowledge__ The focus of the exhibition is the remains of a hall from the Settlement Age which was excavated in 2001.", "Reykjavík 871±2 __knowledge__ The hall was inhabited from c. 930–1000.", "Reykjavík 871±2 __knowledge__ North of the hall are two pieces of turf, remnants of a wall which was clearly built before 871±2, hence the name of the exhibition.", "Index of Iceland-related articles __knowledge__ Articles (arranged alphabetically) related to Iceland include: - 1. deild karla - 2. deild karla - 3. deild karla - 4. deild karla - 101 Reykjavík - 12 Tónar - 1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland - 24 stundir - 365 (media corporation) - 66°NORTH - A Little Trip to Heaven - A Man Like Me - Abortion in Iceland - Actavis - Administrative divisions of Iceland - Age of the Sturlungs - Agnar Helgason - Agreed Minute - Air Atlanta Icelandic - Air Iceland - Akranes - Akranesvöllur - Akureyrarvöllur - Akureyri Airport - Akureyri Junior College - Akureyri - Albert Guðmundsson - Albert Kristjansson - Aldeyjarfoss - Alfred Jolson - Alfreð Gíslason - All Out of Luck - Allt í drasli - Allt Sem Ég Á - Althing - Alþingishúsið - AM 738 4to - AM 748 I 4to - AMFJ - Amiina - Ampop - Andri Snær Magnason - Angel (Two Tricky song) - Angels of the Universe - Animamina - Apavatn - Apparat Organ Quartet - Architecture of Iceland - Arctic fox - Argja Bóltfelag - Ari Freyr Skúlason - Ari Guðmundsson - Ari Trausti Guðmundsson - Ari Þorgilsson - Arnaldur Indriðason - Arnamagnæan Manuscript Collection - Arnar Grétarsson - Arnar Gunnlaugsson - Arnar Jónsson (actor) - Arnar Jónsson (basketball) - Arnar Viðarsson - Arnavatnsheiði - Arngrímur Jónsson - Arnór Guðjohnsen - Arnórr jarlaskáld - Aron Gunnarsson - As Above... - Askja (building) - Askja - Asmund and Signy - Atlantic Cup (Europe) - Atlantic puffin - Atli Eðvaldsson - Atli Heimir Sveinsson - Attention (GusGus album) - Aud the Deep-Minded - Auðun Helgason - Auðunn Blöndal - Auður Jónsdóttir - August & Telma - Austur-Húnavatnssýsla - Austur-Skaftafellssýsla - Á Móti Sól - Ágúst Guðmundsson - Ágúst Gylfason - Ágúst Ævar Gunnarsson - Ágústa Eva Erlendsdóttir - Ágætis byrjun - Áki Ásgeirsson - Álafoss - Álfrún Gunnlaugsdóttir - Álftanes - Áramótaskaupið - Árborg - Árbæjarsafn - Árbær - Ármann Smári Björnsson - Árnagarður - Árneshreppur - Árnessýsla - Árni beiskur - Árni Bergmann - Árni Gautur Arason - Árni Helgason - Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies - Árni Magnússon - Árni Mathiesen - Árni Sigfússon - Árni Þorláksson - Árni Þórarinsson - Ásbirningar family clan - Ásbyrgi - Ásgeir Ásgeirsson - Ásgeir Helgason - Ásgeir Sigurvinsson - Ásgrímur Jónsson - Áskell Örn Kárason - Ásmundur Sveinsson - ÁTVR - Ba Ba Ti Ki Di Do - Bad Taste (record label) - Bakkafjörður - Bakkavör - Baldur Bett - Baldur Möller - Baldur Ragnarsson - Baldur Sigurðsson - Baldur, Manitoba - Baldwin Baldwinson - Baltasar Kormákur - Banana production in Iceland - Bandalag íslenskra skáta - Bandamanna saga - Bang Gang - Barðastrandarsýsla - Barðaströnd - Barði Jóhannsson - Barðsneshorn - Barnafossar - Basque–Icelandic pidgin - Battle of Haugsnes - Battle of Sauðafell - Battle of the Gulf - Battle of Víðines - Battle of Örlygsstaðir - Baugur Group - Baula - Bárðar saga Snæfellsáss - Bárðarbunga - Bellatrix (band) - Benedikt Sigurðsson Gröndal - Beowulf & Grendel - Berglind Ásgeirsdóttir - Bergsbók - Bergur Sigurbjörnsson - Bergþórshvoll - Bernard Bernard - Bersi Skáldtorfuson - Bessastadahreppur - Bessastaðir - Bifröst (town) - Bifröst University - Bill Sveinson - Bing Bang (Time to Dance) - Birgir Sigurðsson (writer) - Birgitta Haukdal - Birkir Bjarnason - Birkir Ívar Guðmundsson - Birkir Kristinsson - Bishop of Iceland - Bishop of Reykjavík (Catholic) - Bíldudalur - Bitið fast í vitið - Bjargtangar - Bjarki Gunnlaugsson - Bjarnar saga Hítdœlakappa - Bjarni Ármannsson - Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1908) - Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1970) - Bjarni Bjarnason - Bjarni Friðriksson - Bjarni Guðjónsson - Bjarni Herjólfsson - Bjarni Jónsson (artist) - Bjarni Jónsson - Bjarni Thorarensen - Bjarni Tryggvason - Bjarni Viðarsson - Björgólfur Guðmundsson - Björgólfur Hideaki Takefusa - Björgólfur Thor Björgólfsson - Björgvin Halldórsson - Björk (album) - Björk Guðmundsdóttir & tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar - Björk - Björn Bjarnason - Björn Gunnlaugsson - Björn Hjörtur Guðmundsson - Björn Jónsson - Björn Th.", "Heiðmörk __knowledge__ Heiðmörk was proclaimed a municipal conservation area of Reykjavík in 1950.", "Heiðmörk __knowledge__ It is located southeast of Elliðavatn, Iceland, and is about from the city of Reykjavík.", "Heiðmörk __knowledge__ Its name is derived from its namesake in Norway, Hedmark (; both derive from the Old Norse \"\"), an area with deep forests.", "Heiðmörk __knowledge__ The total area of the conservation area is .", "Heiðmörk __knowledge__ It is a popular recreational area in Iceland.", "Heiðmörk __knowledge__ Heiðmörk is where Reykjavík's water reservoirs and drinking water wells are located.", "Heiðmörk __knowledge__ Rauðhólar are a notable natural formation of Heiðmörk, a cluster of red coloured pseudocraters.", "Heiðmörk __knowledge__ More than 4 million trees have been planted since 1950 and the existing vegetation has thrived since the area has been fenced off.", "Reykjavík International Film Festival __knowledge__ Reykjavík International Film Festival (RIFF; ) is an international film festival held annually in Reykjavík, Iceland.", "Reykjavík International Film Festival __knowledge__ The festival lasts 11 days each year and emphasizes young talents.", "Reykjavík International Film Festival __knowledge__ One way of doing so is having a competitive category (named \"New Visions\") exclusively limited to a director's first or second feature-length film.", "Reykjavík International Film Festival __knowledge__ At each festival, a number of awards are given out.", "Reykjavík International Film Festival __knowledge__ The main award is the \"Discovery of the Year\" award, also called Golden Puffin, given by an international jury.", "Reykjavík International Film Festival __knowledge__ The international federation of film critics FIPRESCI send a jury to RIFF from 2006.", "Reykjavík International Film Festival __knowledge__ Also, the audience can vote for their favorite film from the whole programme." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland (; , ) is a Nordic island country of Europe located in the North Atlantic Ocean.", "Iceland __knowledge__ It has a population of and an area of , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The capital and largest city is Reykjavík.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is volcanically and geologically active.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate.", "Iceland __knowledge__ According to the ancient manuscript \"Landnámabók\", the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island.", "Iceland __knowledge__ In the following centuries, Norwegians, and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, emigrated to Iceland, bringing with them thralls (i.e.", "Iceland __knowledge__ slaves or serfs) of Gaelic origin.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing, one of the world's oldest functioning legislative assemblies.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of \"The Biggest Loser\" which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season was also the last for host Alison Sweeney to focus on other projects.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ Frozen is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ The 53rd Disney animated feature film, the film is inspired by Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale \"The Snow Queen\".", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ It tells the story of a fearless princess who sets off on a journey alongside a rugged iceman, his loyal reindeer, and a naïve snowman to find her estranged sister, whose icy powers have inadvertently trapped their kingdom in eternal winter.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ \"Frozen\" underwent several story treatments for years before being commissioned in 2011, with a screenplay written by Jennifer Lee, who also co-directed with Chris Buck.", "Hansel &amp; Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters is a 2013 dark fantasy action horror comedy film written and directed by Tommy Wirkola.", "Hansel &amp; Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ It is a continuation to the German folklore fairy tale \"Hansel and Gretel\", in which the titular siblings are now grown up and working as a duo of witch exterminators for hire.", "Hansel &amp; Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ The film stars Jeremy Renner, Gemma Arterton, Famke Janssen, Peter Stormare, Thomas Mann, Pihla Viitala and Derek Mears.", "Hansel &amp; Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ Originally scheduled for release in March 2012, \"Hansel & Gretel\" was delayed for ten months to accommodate Renner's appearances in \"The Avengers\" and \"The Bourne Legacy\" and to give Wirkola time to shoot a post-credits scene.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "European debt crisis __knowledge__ The European debt crisis (often also referred to as the Eurozone crisis or the European sovereign debt crisis) is a multi-year debt crisis that has been taking place in the European Union since the end of 2009.", "European debt crisis __knowledge__ Several eurozone member states (Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Spain and Cyprus) were unable to repay or refinance their government debt or to bail out over-indebted banks under their national supervision without the assistance of third parties like other Eurozone countries, the European Central Bank (ECB), or the International Monetary Fund (IMF).", "European debt crisis __knowledge__ The detailed causes of the debt crisis varied.", "Volcanology of Canada __knowledge__ Volcanology of Canada includes lava flows, lava plateaus, lava domes, cinder cones, stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes, submarine volcanoes, calderas, diatremes, and maars, along with examples of more less common volcanic forms such as tuyas and subglacial mounds.", "Volcanology of Canada __knowledge__ It has a very complex volcanological history spanning from the Precambrian eon at least 3.11 billion years ago when this part of the North American continent began to form.", "Volcanology of Canada __knowledge__ Although the country's volcanic activity dates back to the Precambrian eon, volcanism continues to occur in Western and Northern Canada where it forms part of an encircling chain of volcanoes and frequent earthquakes around the Pacific Ocean called the Pacific Ring of Fire.", "Io (moon) __knowledge__ Io (Jupiter I) is the innermost of the four Galilean moons of the planet Jupiter.", "Io (moon) __knowledge__ It is the fourth-largest moon, has the highest density of all the moons, and has the least amount of water of any known astronomical object in the Solar System.", "Io (moon) __knowledge__ It was discovered in 1610 and was named after the mythological character Io, a priestess of Hera who became one of Zeus' lovers.", "Io (moon) __knowledge__ With over 400 active volcanoes, Io is the most geologically active object in the Solar System.", "Io (moon) __knowledge__ This extreme geologic activity is the result of tidal heating from friction generated within Io's interior as it is pulled between Jupiter and the other Galilean satellites—Europa, Ganymede and Callisto.", "Geology of the Pacific Northwest __knowledge__ The geology of the Pacific Northwest includes the composition (including rock, minerals, and soils), structure, physical properties and the processes that shape the Pacific Northwest region of the United States and Canada.", "Geology of the Pacific Northwest __knowledge__ The geology of the region is responsible for some of area's scenic beauty as well as some of its hazards, such as volcanoes and earthquakes.", "Geology of the Pacific Northwest __knowledge__ There are at least five geologic provinces in the area: the Cascade Volcanoes, the Columbia Plateau, the North Cascades, the Coast Mountains, and the Insular Mountains.", "Geology of the Pacific Northwest __knowledge__ The Cascade Volcanoes are an active volcanic region along the western side of the Pacific Northwest.", "Shield volcano __knowledge__ A shield volcano is a type of volcano usually built almost entirely of fluid lava flows.", "Shield volcano __knowledge__ They are named for their low profile, resembling a warrior's shield lying on the ground.", "Shield volcano __knowledge__ This is caused by the highly fluid (low viscosity) lava they erupt which travels farther than lava erupted from stratovolcanoes.", "Shield volcano __knowledge__ This results in the steady accumulation of broad sheets of lava, building up the shield volcano's distinctive form.", "Shield volcano __knowledge__ The shape of shield volcanoes is due to the low viscosity of their mafic lava.", "Shield volcano __knowledge__ Shield volcanoes are built by effusive eruptions, which flow out in all directions to create a shield like that of a warrior.", "Volcanology of Mars __knowledge__ Volcanic activity, or volcanism, has played a significant role in the geologic evolution of Mars.", "Volcanology of Mars __knowledge__ Scientists have known since the Mariner 9 mission in 1972 that volcanic features cover large portions of the Martian surface.", "Volcanology of Mars __knowledge__ These features include extensive lava flows, vast lava plains, and the largest known volcanoes in the Solar System.", "Volcanology of Mars __knowledge__ Martian volcanic features range in age from Noachian (>3.7 billion years) to late Amazonian (< 500 million years), indicating that the planet has been volcanically active throughout its history, and some speculate it probably still is so today.", "Volcanology of Mars __knowledge__ Both Earth and Mars are large, differentiated planets built from similar chondritic materials.", "Geological deformation of Iceland __knowledge__ The geological deformation of Iceland is the way that the rocks of the island of Iceland are changing due to tectonic forces.", "Geological deformation of Iceland __knowledge__ The geological deformation explains the location of earthquakes, volcanoes, fissures, and the shape of the island.", "Geological deformation of Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is the largest landmass (102,775 km²) situated on an oceanic ridge.", "Geological deformation of Iceland __knowledge__ It is an elevated plateau of the sea floor, situated at the crossing of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Greenland-Iceland-Faeroe Ridge.", "Geological deformation of Iceland __knowledge__ It lies along the oceanic divergent plate boundary of North American Plate and Eurasian Plate.", "Geological deformation of Iceland __knowledge__ The western part of Iceland sits on the North American Plate and the eastern part sits on the Eurasian Plate." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland (; , ) is a Nordic island country of Europe located in the North Atlantic Ocean.", "Iceland __knowledge__ It has a population of and an area of , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The capital and largest city is Reykjavík.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is volcanically and geologically active.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate.", "Iceland __knowledge__ According to the ancient manuscript \"Landnámabók\", the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island.", "Iceland __knowledge__ In the following centuries, Norwegians, and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, emigrated to Iceland, bringing with them thralls (i.e.", "Iceland __knowledge__ slaves or serfs) of Gaelic origin.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing, one of the world's oldest functioning legislative assemblies.", "Global storm activity of 2010 __knowledge__ The global storm activity of 2010 includes major meteorological events in the Earth's atmosphere during the year, including winter storms (blizzards, ice storms, European windstorms), hailstorms, out of season monsoon rain storms, extratropical cyclones, gales, microbursts, flooding, rainstorms, tropical cyclones, and other severe weather events.", "Global storm activity of 2010 __knowledge__ The thunderstorm season for the Northern Hemisphere began near spring, beginning on March 1, and ending on August 31.", "Global storm activity of 2010 __knowledge__ Fresh overnight snowfall on New Year's Eve and New Year's Day caused disruption in north east England, with roads across Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, County Durham and Teesside affected.", "Early 2014 North American cold wave __knowledge__ The 2014 North American cold wave was an extreme weather event that extended through the late winter months of the 2013–2014 winter season, and was also part of an unusually cold winter affecting parts of Canada and parts of the north-central and upper eastern United States.", "Early 2014 North American cold wave __knowledge__ The event occurred in early 2014 and was caused by a southward shift of the North Polar Vortex.", "Early 2014 North American cold wave __knowledge__ Record-low temperatures also extended well into March.", "Early 2014 North American cold wave __knowledge__ On January 2, an Arctic cold front initially associated with a nor'easter tracked across Canada and the United States, resulting in heavy snowfall.", "Early 2014 North American cold wave __knowledge__ Temperatures fell to unprecedented levels, and low temperature records were broken across the United States.", "Winter of 2009–10 in Europe __knowledge__ The winter of 2009–2010 in Europe was unusually cold.", "Winter of 2009–10 in Europe __knowledge__ Globally, unusual weather patterns brought cold, moist air from the north.", "Winter of 2009–10 in Europe __knowledge__ Weather systems were undergoing cyclogenesis from North American storms moving across the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and saw many parts of Europe experiencing heavy snowfall and record-low temperatures.", "Winter of 2009–10 in Europe __knowledge__ This led to a number of deaths, widespread transport disruption, power failures and postponed sporting events.", "Winter of 2009–10 in Europe __knowledge__ The cold weather was caused by high pressure over Greenland and Iceland forcing weather patterns southward, a phenomenon described by meteorologists as the Arctic Oscillation and also the North Atlantic Oscillation which were negative compared to normal.", "Climate of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The United Kingdom straddles the higher mid-latitudes between 49° and 61° N. It is on the western seaboard of Afro-Eurasia, the world's largest land mass.", "Climate of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Since the UK is always in or close to the path of the polar front jet stream, frequent changes in pressure and unsettled weather are typical.", "Climate of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Many types of weather can be experienced in a single day.", "Climate of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ In general the climate of the UK is cool and often cloudy, and hot temperatures are infrequent.", "Climate of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The climate in the United Kingdom is defined as a temperate oceanic climate, or \"Cfb\" on the Köppen climate classification system, a classification it shares with most of north-west Europe.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ This list of ecoregions of North America provides an overview of North American ecoregions designated by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) in its North American Environmental Atlas.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ It should not be confused with Wikipedia articles based on the classification system developed by the World Wildlife Fund, such as List of ecoregions (WWF) and Lists of ecoregions by country.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ The commission was established in 1994 by the member states of Canada, Mexico, and the United States to address regional environmental concerns under the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), the environmental side accord to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).", "Climate of Argentina __knowledge__ The climate of Argentina is a complex subject: the vast size of the country and considerable variation in altitude make for a wide range of climate types.", "Climate of Argentina __knowledge__ Argentina has four seasons: winter (June–August), spring (September–November), summer (December–February) and autumn (March–May), all featuring different weather conditions.", "Climate of Argentina __knowledge__ Summers are the warmest and wettest season in most of the country except in most of Patagonia where it is the driest season.", "Climate of Argentina __knowledge__ Winters are normally mild in the north, cool in the center and cold in the southern parts with the latter experiencing frequent frost and snow.", "Climate of Argentina __knowledge__ Because southern parts of the country are moderated by the surrounding oceans, the cold is less intense and prolonged than areas at comparable latitudes in the northern hemisphere.", "2013 extreme weather events __knowledge__ The 2013 extreme weather events included several all-time temperature records in Northern and Southern Hemisphere.", "2013 extreme weather events __knowledge__ The February extent of snow cover in Eurasia and North America was above average, while the extent of Arctic ice in the same month was 4,5% below the 1981–2010 average.", "2013 extreme weather events __knowledge__ The Northern Hemisphere weather extremes have been linked to the melting of Arctic sea ice, which alters atmospheric circulation in a way that leads to more snow and ice.", "2013 extreme weather events __knowledge__ By January 11, 233 weather-related deaths were reported in India.", "2013 extreme weather events __knowledge__ Elsewhere, particularly in Russia, the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom, low temperatures affected wildlife, delaying bird breeding and disrupting the bird migration.", "Gulf Stream __knowledge__ The Gulf Stream, together with its northern extension the North Atlantic Drift, is a warm and swift Atlantic ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and stretches to the tip of Florida, and follows the eastern coastlines of the United States and Newfoundland before crossing the Atlantic Ocean.", "Gulf Stream __knowledge__ The process of western intensification causes the Gulf Stream to be a northward accelerating current off the east coast of North America.", "Gulf Stream __knowledge__ At about , it splits in two, with the northern stream, the North Atlantic Drift, crossing to Northern Europe and the southern stream, the Canary Current, recirculating off West Africa.", "Atlantic Ocean __knowledge__ The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about .", "Atlantic Ocean __knowledge__ It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area.", "Atlantic Ocean __knowledge__ It separates the \"Old World\" from the \"New World\".", "Atlantic Ocean __knowledge__ The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Eurasia and Africa to the east, and the Americas to the west.", "Atlantic Ocean __knowledge__ As one component of the interconnected global ocean, it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean, to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, and the Southern Ocean in the south (other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica).", "Warm core ring __knowledge__ A warm core ring is a type of mesoscale eddy which breaks off from an ocean current, e.g.", "Warm core ring __knowledge__ the Gulf Stream or the Kuroshio Current.", "Warm core ring __knowledge__ The ring is an independent circulatory system of warm water which can persist for several months.", "Warm core ring __knowledge__ The rest of this article will use the Gulf Stream by way of an example but these mesoscale eddies also form in most powerful ocean currents, such as the Kuroshio or Agulhas currents.", "Warm core ring __knowledge__ Such rings can be detected using infrared satellites or sea height anomalies and are easily identifiable against the surrounding colder waters.", "Warm core ring __knowledge__ These systems will drift west from their origin at the Gulf Stream until they break apart on the coastal shelf or are reabsorbed by the Gulf Stream.", "Europe __knowledge__ Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.", "Europe __knowledge__ It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south.", "Europe __knowledge__ It comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia.", "Europe __knowledge__ since around 1850, Europe is most commonly considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits.", "Europe __knowledge__ Though the term \"continent\" implies physical geography defines it, the land border is somewhat arbitrary and has moved since its first conception in classical antiquity.", "Shutdown of thermohaline circulation __knowledge__ A shutdown or slowdown of the thermohaline circulation is an effect of global warming on a major ocean circulation.", "Shutdown of thermohaline circulation __knowledge__ Data from NASA in 2010 suggested that the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) has not slowed down, but may have actually sped up slightly since 1993.", "Shutdown of thermohaline circulation __knowledge__ A 2015 study suggested that the AMOC has weakened by 15-20% in 200 years.", "Shutdown of thermohaline circulation __knowledge__ Don Chambers from the University of South Florida College of Marine Science mentioned, \"The major effect of a slowing AMOC is expected to be cooler winters and summers around the North Atlantic, and small regional increases in sea level on the North American coast.\"" ] ]

[ 2, 3, 5, 7, 8 ]

[ "Lots of space there.It the most sparsely populated country in Europe.", "The largest city is Reykjavík.", "Watch out there because Iceland has volcanoes and it is geologically active.", "But al least the place is warm because Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate", "The igh latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, more like a tundra climate." ]

[ "Iceland", "Iceland", "Iceland", "Iceland", "Iceland" ]

[ "Hiking", "hiii", "yes i trails countryside", "yes i walks in short urban side" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking.", "Ribonuclease H __knowledge__ Ribonuclease H (abbreviated RNase H or RNH) is a family of non-sequence-specific endonuclease enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of RNA in an RNA/DNA substrate via a hydrolytic mechanism.", "Ribonuclease H __knowledge__ Members of the RNase H family can be found in nearly all organisms, from bacteria to archaea to eukaryotes.", "Ribonuclease H __knowledge__ The family is divided into evolutionarily related groups with slightly different substrate preferences, broadly designated ribonuclease H1 and H2.", "Ribonuclease H __knowledge__ The human genome encodes both H1 and H2.", "Ribonuclease H __knowledge__ Human ribonuclease H2 is a heterotrimeric complex composed of three subunits, mutations in any of which are among the genetic causes of a rare disease known as Aicardi–Goutières syndrome.", "Mitch Goudy __knowledge__ Mitch Goudy (born 'November 2, 1994), also known as \"Rowdie\" Mitch Goudy, is an American country singer, songwriter, guitarist, and producer from Iowa.", "Mitch Goudy __knowledge__ His music incorporates elements of country, rock, pop, and EDM, comprising what industry leaders and listeners are labeling “hybrid country”.", "Mitch Goudy __knowledge__ He is signed to the U.S. independent label Third Floor Records.", "Mitch Goudy __knowledge__ In 2014, the Country Music Association (CMA) identified Goudy as “Who New to Watch”, along with other up and coming artists like Chase Rice, Cole Swindell, Lindsay Ell, Lucy Hale.", "Mitch Goudy __knowledge__ Mitch Goudy was born and raised in Iowa.", "Mitch Goudy __knowledge__ He started playing the guitar at age 9 when a sports injury caused him to refocus his extra-curricular activities.", "Pond Life (TV series) __knowledge__ Pond Life is a British animated television series that was written and directed by Candy Guard and follows the misadventures of its neurotic and self-obsessed protagonist, Dolly Pond.", "Pond Life (TV series) __knowledge__ Two series were broadcast on Channel 4 in 1996 and 2000.", "Pond Life (TV series) __knowledge__ A series of 13x11minute episodes was screened from 3 to 18 December 1996, mainly at 5.45pm, but two episodes exploring more adult themes were reserved for a double screening at 11.25pm.", "Pond Life (TV series) __knowledge__ This series was repeated between March and June 1998.", "Pond Life (TV series) __knowledge__ A second series of 7x30minute episodes followed between 19–30 September 2000 to tie-in with Channel 4's \"Animation Week\" of 23–29 September 2000.", "Inflammasome __knowledge__ The inflammasome is a multiprotein oligomer consisting of caspase 1, PYCARD, NALP and sometimes caspase 5 (also known as caspase 11 or ICH-3).", "Inflammasome __knowledge__ It is expressed in myeloid cells and is a component of the innate immune system.", "Inflammasome __knowledge__ The exact composition of an inflammasome depends on the activator which initiates inflammasome assembly, e.g.", "Inflammasome __knowledge__ dsRNA will trigger one inflammasome composition whereas asbestos will assemble a different variant.", "Inflammasome __knowledge__ The inflammasome promotes the maturation of the inflammatory cytokines Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and Interleukin 18 (IL-18).", "Inflammasome __knowledge__ The inflammasome is responsible for activation of inflammatory processes.", "Facets Multi-Media __knowledge__ Facets Multi-Media founded in 1975, is a non-profit, 501(C)3 organization, and a leading national media arts organization.", "Facets Multi-Media __knowledge__ Its mission is to preserve, present, distribute, and educate about film.", "Facets Multi-Media __knowledge__ Besides its facilities at 1517 W. Fullerton Ave., Chicago, Illinois, Facets Multi-Media also runs Facets Video, one of the largest distributors of foreign film in the United States.", "Facets Multi-Media __knowledge__ Facets has been described as a “temple of great cinema” by film critic Roger Ebert and \"a giant in the rarefied world of art-house films and cultural education.\"", "Facets Multi-Media __knowledge__ Facets maintains facilities in Chicago, where it was founded by Milos Stehlik as a non-profit film organization.", "Centaurea maculosa __knowledge__ Centaurea maculosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae.", "Centaurea maculosa __knowledge__ Centaurea maculosa, the spotted knapweed, is a species of \"Centaurea\" native to eastern Europe.", "Centaurea maculosa __knowledge__ This short-lived perennial usually has a stout taproot, pubescent stems with wooly or cobwebby hairs when young.", "Centaurea maculosa __knowledge__ The erect or ascending plant stems grow 20 to 150 cm tall.", "Centaurea maculosa __knowledge__ It grows on stream banks, pond shorelines, sand prairies, old fields and pastures, roadsides, and along railroads, and many open, disturbed areas.", "Centaurea maculosa __knowledge__ Apparently, it should be treated with two varieties as (Centaurea stoebe var.", "Centaurea maculosa __knowledge__ stoebe and var.", "Centaurea maculosa __knowledge__ micranthos (S.G. Gmel.", "Warren Sonbert __knowledge__ Warren Sonbert (June 26, 1947–May 31, 1995) was an acclaimed American experimental filmmaker whose work of nearly three decades began in New York in the mid-1960s, and continued in San Francisco throughout the second half of his life.", "Warren Sonbert __knowledge__ Known for the exuberant imagery of films such as \"Carriage Trade\" and especially for their intricate and innovative editing, he has been described as \"the supreme Romantic diarist of the cinema\" as well as \"both a probing and playful artist and a keen intellect reveling in the interplay between all the creative arts.\"", "Warren Sonbert __knowledge__ \"Critics have tried to pin down Sonbert's cinema with catchy formulations,\" wrote David Sterritt, but \"his works are not really diary films, since their carefully shaped contours are determined more by aesthetic insight than daily experience, and to compare them with 'explosions in a postcard factory' is to acknowledge their boisterous variety while missing their ecstatic precision.\"", "Walking __knowledge__ Walking (also known as ambulation) is one of the main gaits of locomotion among legged animals.", "Walking __knowledge__ Walking is typically slower than running and other gaits.", "Walking __knowledge__ Walking is defined by an 'inverted pendulum' gait in which the body vaults over the stiff limb or limbs with each step.", "Walking __knowledge__ This applies regardless of the number of limbs—even arthropods, with six, eight or more limbs, walk.", "Walking __knowledge__ The word \"walk\" is descended from the Old English \"wealcan\" \"to roll\".", "Walking __knowledge__ In humans and other bipeds, walking is generally distinguished from running in that only one foot at a time leaves contact with the ground and there is a period of double-support.", "East Coast Trail __knowledge__ Started in 1994, the East Coast Trail is a long-distance footpath located in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.", "East Coast Trail __knowledge__ It is over of developed trail that is made up of 26 wilderness paths and intersect more than 30 communities.", "East Coast Trail __knowledge__ It was named one of the best adventure destinations by National Geographic in 2012 and grows and improves every year.", "East Coast Trail __knowledge__ Maintained by the East Coast Trail Association and located primarily on public lands, the trail traces the east coast of Newfoundland along the Atlantic Ocean.", "East Coast Trail __knowledge__ The trail passes through many small coastal towns nested in the bays of the Avalon Peninsula.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail is estimated around 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail Conservancy claims that the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The idea of the Appalachian Trail came about in 1921.", "Abenomics __knowledge__ The term \"Abenomics\" is a portmanteau of \"Abe\" and \"economics\", and follows previous political neologisms for economic policies linked to specific leaders, such as Reaganomics, Clintonomics and Rogernomics.", "Abenomics __knowledge__ The Japanese government raised consumption tax rates from 3% to 5% in 1997, which worsened the recession and deflated the economy.", "Abenomics __knowledge__ The government raised the consumption tax in 1997 for the purpose of balancing its budget, and then the government revenue decreased by 4.5 trillion yen because consumption stumbled.", "Abenomics __knowledge__ The country recorded a GDP growth rate of 3 percent in 1996, but after the tax hike the economy sank into recession.", "Hike Messenger __knowledge__ Hike Messenger (stylized as hike M E S S E N G E R) is a cross-platform instant messaging service for smartphones that use the internet for communication.", "Hike Messenger __knowledge__ In addition to text messaging, users can send each other graphical stickers, emoticons, images, videos, audios, files, voice messages, contacts and user location.", "Hike Messenger __knowledge__ Hike was launched on 12 December 2012 and raised its first round of funding of $7 million from Bharti SoftBank in April 2013.", "Hike Messenger __knowledge__ Hike is a joint venture between Bharti Enterprises and SoftBank.", "Hike Messenger __knowledge__ On 16 August 2016 Hike raised $175 million in a new round of funding led by Tencent & Foxconn.", "Long Path __knowledge__ The Long Path is a long-distance hiking trail beginning at the George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee, New Jersey and ending at Altamont, New York, in the Albany area.", "Long Path __knowledge__ While not yet a continuous trail, relying on road walks in some areas, it nevertheless takes in many of the popular hiking attractions west of the Hudson River, such as the New Jersey Palisades, Harriman State Park, the Shawangunk Ridge and the Catskill Mountains.", "Long Path __knowledge__ It offers hikers a diversity of environments to pass through, from suburbia and sea-level salt marshes along the Hudson to wilderness and boreal forest on Catskill summits in elevation." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking.", "Battle of Radzymin (1920) __knowledge__ The Battle of Radzymin () took place during the Polish–Soviet War (1919–21).", "Battle of Radzymin (1920) __knowledge__ The battle occurred near the town of Radzymin, some north-east of Warsaw, between August 13 and 16, 1920.", "Battle of Radzymin (1920) __knowledge__ Along with the Battle of Ossów and the Polish counteroffensive from the Wieprz River area, this engagement was a key part of what later became known as the Battle of Warsaw.", "Battle of Radzymin (1920) __knowledge__ It also proved to be one of the bloodiest and most intense battles of the Polish-Soviet War.", "Battle of Radzymin (1920) __knowledge__ The first phase of the battle began on August 13 with a frontal assault by the Red Army on the Praga bridgehead.", "Battle of Radzymin (1920) __knowledge__ The Soviet forces captured Radzymin on August 14 and breached the lines of the 1st Polish Army, which was defending Warsaw from the east.", "Trail __knowledge__ A trail is usually a path, track or unpaved lane or road.", "Trail __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland path or footpath is the preferred term for a walking trail.", "Trail __knowledge__ The term is also applied, in North America, to routes along rivers, and sometimes to highways.", "Trail __knowledge__ In the US, the term was historically used for a route into or through wild territory used by emigrants (e.g.", "Trail __knowledge__ the Oregon Trail).", "Trail __knowledge__ Some trails are single use and can only be used for walking, cycling, horse riding, snowshoeing, and cross-country skiing; others, as in the case of a bridleway in the UK, are multi-use, and can be used by walkers, cyclists and equestrians.", "Gaston Balande __knowledge__ Gaston Balande (born in Madrid, died in Paris), was a French painter and illustrator .", "Gaston Balande __knowledge__ Gaston Balande learnt to draw by copying the prints and chromolithographs he saw on the market stalls at Saujon where he lived.", "Gaston Balande __knowledge__ He clearly had innate talent, winning first prize for drawing at his primary school; but having gained his certificat d’études, he was forced to start work rather than continuing with his studies.", "Gaston Balande __knowledge__ His mother wanted him to be a pastry chef, a profession she thought would be useful for the family restaurant.", "Gaston Balande __knowledge__ The young man refused and got his first job as an apprentice painter at a carriage maker’s.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "YES Network __knowledge__ The Yankees Entertainment and Sports Network (YES) is an American cable and satellite television regional sports network that is owned by 21st Century Fox (which owns a controlling 80% interest and serves as managing partner) and Yankee Global Enterprises (which owns the remaining 20%).", "YES Network __knowledge__ Primarily serving New York City, New York and the surrounding metropolitan area, it broadcasts a variety of sports events, as well as magazine, documentary and discussion programs; however, its main emphasis is focused on games and team-related programs involving the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (owned by minority partner Yankee Global), the NBA's Brooklyn Nets and New York City FC of Major League Soccer.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Blue-Blazed Trails __knowledge__ The Blue-Blazed Hiking Trail system, managed by the Connecticut Forest & Park Association (CFPA), and the related trail systems documented in the two volume (\"East\" and \"West\") 19th Edition of the \"Connecticut Walk Book\" comprise over 800 miles of hiking trails in Connecticut.", "Blue-Blazed Trails __knowledge__ There are now over 825 miles of CFPA Blue-Blazed Hiking Trails that pass through 96 towns traversing both public and private lands.", "Blue-Blazed Trails __knowledge__ This includes all official main and side trails.", "Blue-Blazed Trails __knowledge__ The main line trails are marked using the solid light blue rectangular vertical paint blaze.", "Blue-Blazed Trails __knowledge__ A recent change in blaze design to official CFPA connector, side and alternate trails is now in use.", "Scouting Aruba __knowledge__ Scouting in Aruba shared a common history with the other Netherlands Antilles until the political separation of the island from the Netherlands.", "Scouting Aruba __knowledge__ Scouting Aruba is a Full Member of the Interamerican Region of the World Organization of the Scout Movement.", "Scouting Aruba __knowledge__ Scouting Aruba consists of 13 groups, divided into 3 districts.", "Scouting Aruba __knowledge__ There is one Scout group for people with mental and physical limitations.", "Scouting Aruba __knowledge__ Scouts in Aruba participate in many Caribbean camps, often travelling by boat to camp on nearby islands with Scouts from neighbouring countries.", "Scouting Aruba __knowledge__ On 27 February 2016, the World Scout Committee recognized Scouting Aruba as the National Scout Organization of the Aruba and conferred it with Full WOSM Membership with voting rights.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ Mount Adams, known by some Native American tribes as Pahto or Klickitat, is a potentially active stratovolcano in the Cascade Range.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ Although Adams has not erupted in more than 1,000 years, it is not considered extinct.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ It is the second-highest mountain in the U.S. state of Washington, after Mount Rainier.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ Adams is a member of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, and is one of the arc's largest volcanoes, located in a remote wilderness approximately east of Mount St. Helens.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ The Mount Adams Wilderness consists of the upper and western part of the volcano's cone.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ The eastern side of the mountain is designated as part of the territory of the Yakama Nation.", "The Thin Ideal __knowledge__ The Thin Ideal is the concept of the ideally slim female body.", "The Thin Ideal __knowledge__ The common perception of this ideal is that of a slender, feminine physique with a small waist and little body fat.", "The Thin Ideal __knowledge__ The size of the thin ideal is decreasing while the rate of female obesity is simultaneously increasing, making this iconic body difficult for women to maintain.", "The Thin Ideal __knowledge__ This creates a gap between the actual appearance of an average woman’s body and its expected appearance which, depending on the extent to which the ideal is internalized, may have serious psychological effects.", "The Thin Ideal __knowledge__ The degree to which women are psychologically affected by the thin ideal depends to what extent the ideal is internalized.", "Three Rivers Park District __knowledge__ Three Rivers Park District is a special park district serving the suburban areas of the Twin Cities including suburban Hennepin, Carver, Dakota, Scott and Ramsey counties.", "Three Rivers Park District __knowledge__ Three Rivers's mission is \"To promote environmental stewardship through recreation and education in a natural resources-based park system.\"", "Three Rivers Park District __knowledge__ Three Rivers operates twenty parks and ten regional trails, with at least two more regional trails planned.", "Three Rivers Park District __knowledge__ Nearly seven million people visit Three Rivers facilities each year.", "Three Rivers Park District __knowledge__ A park system in Hennepin County outside of Minneapolis was proposed as early as 1901, but it was not until 1955 that the Minnesota Legislature passed the legislation that cleared the way to establish the park system in 1957." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking.", "Braille Patterns __knowledge__ In Unicode, braille is represented in a block called Braille Patterns (U+2800..U+28FF).", "Braille Patterns __knowledge__ The block contains all 256 possible patterns of an 8-dot braille cell, thereby including the complete 6-dot cell range.", "Braille Patterns __knowledge__ In Unicode braille characters are not defined as belonging to any other script, but are defined as the Braille script.", "Braille Patterns __knowledge__ That is, the patterns are available as \"symbols\", without connection to an alphabetic letter or a number.", "Braille Patterns __knowledge__ This is because the \"same\" symbol can be used in multiple scripts, e.g.", "Braille Patterns __knowledge__ as a Latin character, a Vietnamese character, a Chinese character and a digit.", "Braille Patterns __knowledge__ For example: although represents the letter \"H\" in basic braille, its Unicode definition makes no reference to \"H\", and it is just as valid representing Korean ᄐ \"t-\", or Japanese り \"ri\".", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Trail __knowledge__ A trail is usually a path, track or unpaved lane or road.", "Trail __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland path or footpath is the preferred term for a walking trail.", "Trail __knowledge__ The term is also applied, in North America, to routes along rivers, and sometimes to highways.", "Trail __knowledge__ In the US, the term was historically used for a route into or through wild territory used by emigrants (e.g.", "Trail __knowledge__ the Oregon Trail).", "Trail __knowledge__ Some trails are single use and can only be used for walking, cycling, horse riding, snowshoeing, and cross-country skiing; others, as in the case of a bridleway in the UK, are multi-use, and can be used by walkers, cyclists and equestrians.", "Buenos Aires __knowledge__ Buenos Aires ( or ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Argentina.", "Buenos Aires __knowledge__ The city is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the South American continent's southeastern coast.", "Buenos Aires __knowledge__ \"Buenos aires\" can be translated as \"fair winds\" or \"good airs,\" but the first one was the meaning intended by the founders in the 16th century, by the use of the original name \"Real de Nuestra Señora Santa María del Buen Ayre.\"", "Buenos Aires __knowledge__ The Greater Buenos Aires conurbation, which also includes several Buenos Aires Province districts, constitutes the fourth-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas, with a population of around 17 million.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second referendum to ask voters in the Canadian French-speaking province of Quebec whether Quebec should proclaim national sovereignty and become an independent country, with the condition precedent of offering a political and economic agreement to Canada.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The culmination of multiple years of debate and planning after the failure of the Meech Lake and Charlottetown constitutional accords, the referendum was launched solely by the provincial Parti Québécois government of Jacques Parizeau.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ Despite initial predictions of a heavy sovereignist defeat, an eventful and complex campaign followed, with the \"Yes\" side flourishing after being taken over by charismatic Bloc Québécois leader Lucien Bouchard.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ The Yes Men are a culture jamming activist duo and network of supporters created by Jacques Servin and Igor Vamos.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ Through actions of tactical media, the Yes Men primarily aim to raise awareness about problematic social and political issues.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ To date, the duo have produced three films: \"The Yes Men\" (2003), \"The Yes Men Fix the World\" (2009) and \"The Yes Men Are Revolting\" (2014).", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ In these films, they impersonate entities that they dislike, a practice that they call \"identity correction\".", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ The Yes Men operate under the mission statement that lies can expose truth.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ They create and maintain fake websites similar to ones they intend to spoof, which have led to numerous interview, conference, and TV talk show invitations.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "Alberto Frigo __knowledge__ Alberto Frigo (born 21 July 1979 in Asiago) is known for having photographed every object his right hand has used since 24 September 2003.", "Alberto Frigo __knowledge__ Continuously documenting 36 aspects of reality (e.g., his dreams, the songs he hears, the people he meets, the places he visits, the weather etc.", "Alberto Frigo __knowledge__ ), Frigo intends to create a Rosetta Stone of time to be concluded at 60 years of age, in 2040, after 36 years.", "Alberto Frigo __knowledge__ Erroneously regarded as an early proponent of lifelogging Frigo is the founder of Tebahism, a movement advocating the manual stowing of life under threat by political, economic, social as well as religious establishments governed by increasing automation.", "Walking __knowledge__ Walking (also known as ambulation) is one of the main gaits of locomotion among legged animals.", "Walking __knowledge__ Walking is typically slower than running and other gaits.", "Walking __knowledge__ Walking is defined by an 'inverted pendulum' gait in which the body vaults over the stiff limb or limbs with each step.", "Walking __knowledge__ This applies regardless of the number of limbs—even arthropods, with six, eight or more limbs, walk.", "Walking __knowledge__ The word \"walk\" is descended from the Old English \"wealcan\" \"to roll\".", "Walking __knowledge__ In humans and other bipeds, walking is generally distinguished from running in that only one foot at a time leaves contact with the ground and there is a period of double-support.", "Urbanlab Yerevan __knowledge__ urbanlab (sometimes also urbanlab_am and/or urbanlab.am) is a Yerevan-based independent urban think-do-share lab, aimed to promote democratization of urban landscape toward sustainable development in its broader understanding.", "Urbanlab Yerevan __knowledge__ Established by some former activists fighting for historic preservation, urbanlab (previously urbanlab Yerevan) is a multi-disciplinary platform enabling the organization to operate in a diverse range of activities of self-initiated and/or commissioned research, content creation for public and professional reference, consultation, management and execution of community involvement in urban environmental cultural policy projects, as well as alternative and non-formal educational activities.", "Only You Can Love Me This Way __knowledge__ \"Only You Can Love Me This Way\" is a song written by Steve McEwan and John Reid and recorded by Australian country music singer Keith Urban on his 2009 album \"Defying Gravity\".", "Only You Can Love Me This Way __knowledge__ The song was released to radio on 29 June 2009, as the third single from that album and the twenty-first solo single of his career.", "Only You Can Love Me This Way __knowledge__ It also became his eleventh No.", "Only You Can Love Me This Way __knowledge__ 1 single on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs charts in October.", "Only You Can Love Me This Way __knowledge__ The song is part of the track listing to \"Now That's What I Call Music!", "Only You Can Love Me This Way __knowledge__ 32\".", "Only You Can Love Me This Way __knowledge__ \"Only You Can Love Me This Way\" is a mid-tempo ballad in which the male narrator states that he and his lover were meant for each other.", "Walking in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Walking is one of the most popular outdoor recreational activities in the United Kingdom, and within England and Wales there is a comprehensive network of rights of way that permits easy access to the countryside.", "Walking in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Access is also easy in Scotland but not in Northern Ireland.", "Walking in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Walking is used in the United Kingdom to describe a range of activity, from a walk in the park to trekking in the Alps.", "Walking in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The word \"hiking\" is used in the UK, but less often than walking; the word rambling is also used, and the main organisation that supports walking is called The Ramblers.", "Walking in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Walking in mountainous areas in the UK is called hillwalking, or in Northern England, including the Lake District and Yorkshire Dales, fellwalking, from the dialect word fell, for high, uncultivated land." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 2 ]

[ "Love a long vigorous walk called a hike", "Hiking is doen in the countryside usually on trails", "walking is short urban walks", "In other countries walking describes even backpacking in the alps" ]

[ "Hiking", "Hiking", "Hiking", "Hiking" ]

[ "The Joe Rogan Experience\nThe Joe rogan podcast is quite fun to listen to.", "It really is quite a funny show to listen to, i like podcasts in general.", "Yep, i hope to see it around for years to come.", "wow that is so many episodes, so much content to watch.", "Yea im surprised he can keep it up." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ The Joe Rogan Experience is a free audio and video talk podcast hosted by American comedian, actor, sports commentator, and television host Joe Rogan.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ It was launched on December 24, 2009 by Rogan and his friend, comedian Brian Redban who also produced and co-hosted.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ It has grown to become one of the world’s most popular podcasts, spawning a community of listeners around the globe.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ On August 18, 2017, it reached its 1,000th episode with Joey Diaz and Tom Segura as guests.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Around 2003, Rogan hired Brian Redban, a self-taught video editor and an employee at a Gateway computer store in Ohio, to work for him full time to film, produce, and edit videos for his website.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Redban, a fan of Rogan and comedian Doug Stanhope who had tried stand-up at open mic nights in Ohio, met and befriended the two through the Internet.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ He then started to produce videos for Stanhope, which led to Rogan offering him trips to film at his own stand-up gigs.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Redban accepted Rogan's offer to work with him, and relocated to California in the process, following Rogan with a camera \"and recording everything\".", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ After several years, Redban later said Rogan's fans wanted more content and delivered faster, and sought new ways to make the lengthy editing process easier and more interactive for the audience.", "Joe Rogan __knowledge__ Joseph James Rogan (born August 11, 1967) is an American stand-up comedian, martial arts color commentator and podcast host.", "Joe Rogan __knowledge__ A fan of comedy since his youth, Rogan began a career in stand-up in August 1988 in the Boston area, developing a blue comedy act.", "Joe Rogan __knowledge__ He moved to New York City two years later.", "Joe Rogan __knowledge__ After relocating to Los Angeles in 1994, Rogan signed an exclusive developmental deal with Disney, appeared as an actor on the television sitcoms \"Hardball\" and \"NewsRadio\", and worked in local comedy clubs.", "Joe Rogan __knowledge__ In 1997, he started working for the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) as an interviewer and color commentator.", "Joe Rogan Questions Everything __knowledge__ Joe Rogan Questions Everything is an American television series that premiered on SyFy in 2013.", "Joe Rogan Questions Everything __knowledge__ The series follows entertainer and stand-up comedian Joe Rogan and co-host Duncan Trussell as they look into paranormal and extraordinary mysterious subjects like Bigfoot, psychic ability and UFOs.", "Joe Rogan Questions Everything __knowledge__ The show's form is based on a presentation of the topic following up with interviews with experts and members of the public that claim anecdotal evidence for the cases.", "Joe Rogan Questions Everything __knowledge__ Various field research trips are also done in an attempt to gather evidence.", "Joe Rogan Questions Everything __knowledge__ Through the series Joe Rogan takes the position of a skeptic.", "Tira Sujanpur __knowledge__ \"Sujanpur Tihra\"' is a town and a Municipal council in Hamirpur district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.", "Tira Sujanpur __knowledge__ Sujanpur is located at .", "Tira Sujanpur __knowledge__ It has an average elevation of 562 metres (1,844 feet).", "Tira Sujanpur __knowledge__ Climate varies all through from hot summer to cold winter.", "Tira Sujanpur __knowledge__ Being on the banks of Beas River, the winter is quite severe.", "Tira Sujanpur __knowledge__ The temperature vary from 38 Deg.", "Tira Sujanpur __knowledge__ Celsius in summers to almost zero Deg.", "Tira Sujanpur __knowledge__ Celsius in winters.", "Tira Sujanpur __knowledge__ Winters experience low-lying clouds which add to the cold weather and one can enjoy walking amidst the clouds.", "Tira Sujanpur __knowledge__ Sujanpur Tira is well-connected to all the major towns of Himachal Pradesh and of the country in all the directions through road network.", "Bullet Rogan __knowledge__ Charles Wilber \"Bullet\" Rogan, also known as \"Bullet Joe\" (July 28, 1893 – March 4, 1967), was an American pitcher and outfielder for the Kansas City Monarchs in the Negro baseball leagues from 1920 to 1938.", "Bullet Rogan __knowledge__ Renowned as a two-way player who could both hit and pitch successfully, one statistical compilation shows Rogan winning more games than any other pitcher in Negro leagues history and ranking fourth highest in career batting average.", "Bullet Rogan __knowledge__ He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1998.", "Bullet Rogan __knowledge__ Rogan's early baseball career took place in the U.S. Army, where he played for a famous team in the all-black 25th Infantry.", "Joey Diaz __knowledge__ Jose Antonio \"Joey\" Diaz (born February 19, 1963) is a Cuban American stand-up comedian, actor and podcast host.", "Joey Diaz __knowledge__ Born in Cuba and raised in New Jersey, Diaz began his stand-up career in 1991.", "Joey Diaz __knowledge__ He had roles in the television series \"My Name is Earl\" and the films \"The Longest Yard\" and \"Taxi\".", "Joey Diaz __knowledge__ Since 2012, Diaz has hosted the podcast, \"The Church of What's Happening Now\".", "Joey Diaz __knowledge__ He is also a regular guest on \"The Joe Rogan Experience\".", "Joey Diaz __knowledge__ Joey Diaz was born in Havana, Cuba and moved to NYC at the age of three.", "Joey Diaz __knowledge__ In the 1970s, Joey and his mother relocated to North Bergen, New Jersey, where he attended McKinley School followed by North Bergen High School, which he graduated from in 1982 and won awards for performing arts in school.", "Doug Benson __knowledge__ Douglas Steven \"Doug\" Benson (born July 2, 1962) is an American comedian, marijuana rights advocate, television host, actor and judge who has appeared on \"Getting Doug With High\", \"Comedy Central Presents\", \"Best Week Ever, Trailer Park Boys,\" and was a contestant on \"Last Comic Standing\" in the show's fifth season.", "Doug Benson __knowledge__ He currently serves as a judge for the Comedy Central series \"The High Court with Doug Benson\".", "Doug Benson __knowledge__ In 2007, he starred in the film \"Super High Me\", a documentary about marijuana usage.", "Doug Benson __knowledge__ Benson also currently hosts the popular \"Doug Loves Movies\" podcast along with his weekly marijuana video podcast show \"Getting Doug with High\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ The Joe Rogan Experience is a free audio and video talk podcast hosted by American comedian, actor, sports commentator, and television host Joe Rogan.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ It was launched on December 24, 2009 by Rogan and his friend, comedian Brian Redban who also produced and co-hosted.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ It has grown to become one of the world’s most popular podcasts, spawning a community of listeners around the globe.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ On August 18, 2017, it reached its 1,000th episode with Joey Diaz and Tom Segura as guests.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Around 2003, Rogan hired Brian Redban, a self-taught video editor and an employee at a Gateway computer store in Ohio, to work for him full time to film, produce, and edit videos for his website.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Redban, a fan of Rogan and comedian Doug Stanhope who had tried stand-up at open mic nights in Ohio, met and befriended the two through the Internet.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ He then started to produce videos for Stanhope, which led to Rogan offering him trips to film at his own stand-up gigs.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Redban accepted Rogan's offer to work with him, and relocated to California in the process, following Rogan with a camera \"and recording everything\".", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ After several years, Redban later said Rogan's fans wanted more content and delivered faster, and sought new ways to make the lengthy editing process easier and more interactive for the audience.", "Mail art __knowledge__ Mail art (also known as postal art and correspondence art) is a populist artistic movement centered on sending small scale works through the postal service.", "Mail art __knowledge__ It initially developed out of what eventually became Ray Johnson's New York Correspondence School in the 1950s and the Fluxus movement in the 1960s, though it has since developed into a global movement that continues to the present.", "Mail art __knowledge__ Media commonly used in mail art include postcards, paper, a collage of found or recycled images and objects, rubber stamps, artist-created stamps (called artistamps), and paint, but can also include music, sound art, poetry, or anything that can be put in an envelope and sent via post.", "Blood Creek __knowledge__ Blood Creek, previously known as Creek and Town Creek, is a horror film directed by Joel Schumacher, starring Michael Fassbender as the main antagonist and written by David Kajganich.", "Blood Creek __knowledge__ The film had a limited theatrical release on September 18, 2009.", "Blood Creek __knowledge__ The film also stars Dominic Purcell and Henry Cavill as brothers on a mission of revenge who become trapped in a harrowing occult experiment dating back to the Third Reich.", "Blood Creek __knowledge__ In 1936, a German professor, Richard Wirth, is hosted by the Wollners, a family of German emigrants in West Virginia.", "Blood Creek __knowledge__ The Wollners believe him to be a visiting scholar, but Wirth turns out to be a Nazi occultist who seeks a Viking runestone buried on their property.", "Podcast __knowledge__ A podcast is an episodic series of digital audio or video files which a user can download and listen to.", "Podcast __knowledge__ It is often available for subscription, so that new episodes are automatically downloaded via web syndication to the user's own local computer, mobile application, or portable media player.", "Podcast __knowledge__ It is distinct from Internet radio, which involves streaming rather than downloading.", "Podcast __knowledge__ The word originated as a portmanteau of \"iPod\" (a brand of media player) and \"broadcast\".", "Podcast __knowledge__ The files distributed are in audio format, but may sometimes include other file formats such as PDF or EPUB.", "Podcast __knowledge__ Videos which are shared following a podcast model are called video podcasts or vodcasts.", "The Kid (book) __knowledge__ The Kid: What Happened After My Boyfriend and I Decided to Go Get Pregnant is a non-fiction book by Dan Savage.", "The Kid (book) __knowledge__ It was first published by Dutton in 1999.", "The Kid (book) __knowledge__ The book recounts the author's experiences during the process of adopting a child with his partner, Terry.", "The Kid (book) __knowledge__ Savage details for the reader his emotional states at various times during the adoption period and how it affected his life.", "The Kid (book) __knowledge__ \"The Kid\" is the recipient of a PEN West Award.", "The Kid (book) __knowledge__ Robin Williams' production company purchased the options to develop the book for television in 2000.", "The Kid (book) __knowledge__ The book was adapted into a musical in 2010 by librettist Michael Zam, with music composed by Andy Monroe, and lyrics by Jack Lechner.", "History of podcasting __knowledge__ Podcasting, first known as \"audioblogging\", has its roots dating back to the 1980s.", "History of podcasting __knowledge__ With the advent of broadband internet and portable digital audio playback devices such as the iPod, podcasting began to catch hold in late 2004.", "History of podcasting __knowledge__ Today there are more than 115,000 English-language podcasts available on the internet, and dozens of websites available for distribution at little or no cost to the producer or listener.", "History of podcasting __knowledge__ According to one survey in 2017, 42 million Americans above the age of twelve listen to podcasts at least on a weekly basis.", "History of podcasting __knowledge__ Before the advent of the World Wide Web, in the 1980s, RCS (Radio Computing Services), provided music and talk-related software to radio stations in a digital format.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ Good Game is an Australian television gaming programme produced by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), which aired on ABC2.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ Created by Janet Carr, Jeremy Ray and Michael Makowski.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ The show began in 2006 and includes a mix of gaming news, reviews, and features.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ The original hosts were Jeremy \"Junglist\" Ray and Michael \"Kapowski\" Makowski; the latter was replaced by Steven \"Bajo\" O'Donnell in 2007, and the former was replaced by Stephanie \"Hex\" Bendixsen in 2009.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ Other on screen presenters included field reporter Gus \"Goose\" Ronald and Dave Callan.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ The show is named after the friendly phrase gamers traditionally say after completing a competitive match.", "Manager Tools Podcast __knowledge__ The Manager Tools Podcast, founded in 2005, is a weekly audio podcast by Michael Auzenne and Mark Horstman, which focuses on career advice and helping managers become more effective.", "Manager Tools Podcast __knowledge__ It was awarded People's Choice Podcast from Podcast Awards in 2008, and won the Best Business Podcast award in 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2012.In 2016, was awarded as the Legacy show in Business The podcast hosts, Mark Horstman and Mike Auzenne, are both graduates of West Point, the United States Military Academy, which is where they met.", "Manager Tools Podcast __knowledge__ Michael Auzenne spent nearly two decades in Corporate America as a manager and executive.", "Joe Rogan __knowledge__ Joseph James Rogan (born August 11, 1967) is an American stand-up comedian, martial arts color commentator and podcast host.", "Joe Rogan __knowledge__ A fan of comedy since his youth, Rogan began a career in stand-up in August 1988 in the Boston area, developing a blue comedy act.", "Joe Rogan __knowledge__ He moved to New York City two years later.", "Joe Rogan __knowledge__ After relocating to Los Angeles in 1994, Rogan signed an exclusive developmental deal with Disney, appeared as an actor on the television sitcoms \"Hardball\" and \"NewsRadio\", and worked in local comedy clubs.", "Joe Rogan __knowledge__ In 1997, he started working for the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) as an interviewer and color commentator.", "The Naughty Show __knowledge__ The Naughty Show is an adult-themed live comedy show and podcast hosted by creator Sam Tripoli.", "The Naughty Show __knowledge__ In 2008, Tripoli developed the concept as a pilot for Comedy Central.", "The Naughty Show __knowledge__ His idea was to bring rock and roll and chaos back to stand-up by turning a show into an event.", "The Naughty Show __knowledge__ He created a variety show with a party atmosphere in hopes of attracting young, fun bar crowds into the comedy clubs.", "The Naughty Show __knowledge__ Tripoli describes it as “the dirty show you can bring your girlfriend to.” Sam Tripoli hosts the live events along with the show's head writer, comedian Jayson Thibault, and cast regulars Skippy Simon as 'Bunny Fever' and the music of Julia Lillis.", "Your Mom's House __knowledge__ Your Mom's House is a comedy podcast hosted by married comedians Tom Segura and Christina Pazsitzky.", "Your Mom's House __knowledge__ The podcast has far ranging conversations, discussing topics such as ongoing events, comedy, to the daily life of the two co-hosts.", "Your Mom's House __knowledge__ Tom and Christina got the podcast started via Deathsquad Network under Brian Redban.", "Your Mom's House __knowledge__ The title of the podcast, Your Mom's House, holds no special significance to either Tom or Christina.", "Your Mom's House __knowledge__ After 40 episodes they started producing the show themselves and with the help of a currently undisclosed (as of July 2016) producer nicknamed Blueban (a play on the name of former producer Brian Redban) .", "Tony Hinchcliffe __knowledge__ Tony Hinchcliffe is a stand-up comedian and writer.", "Tony Hinchcliffe __knowledge__ He has been on the writing staff of the \"Comedy Central Roast\" series.", "Tony Hinchcliffe __knowledge__ He also appeared as a roaster on the \"All Def Digital Roast of Snoop Dogg\" that aired on Fusion in 2016.", "Tony Hinchcliffe __knowledge__ Hinchcliffe is known for dark and edgy subject matter and insult comedy.", "Tony Hinchcliffe __knowledge__ He is the host of the comedy podcast \"Kill Tony\".", "Tony Hinchcliffe __knowledge__ His one-hour stand-up special \"One Shot\" premiered on Netflix in 2016.", "Tony Hinchcliffe __knowledge__ Born in Youngstown, Ohio, Hinchcliffe was raised by his single mother in the city's north side.", "Tony Hinchcliffe __knowledge__ Hinchcliffe attended Ursuline High School, graduating in 2003.", "Tony Hinchcliffe __knowledge__ Hinchcliffe told the \"Free Times\" of Columbia, South Carolina that he grew-up in a tough neighborhood and that he first developed his roasting skills as a defense mechanism.", "Brody Stevens __knowledge__ Steven James Brody (born May 22, 1970), better known as Brody Stevens, is an American stand-up comedian and actor.", "Brody Stevens __knowledge__ Stevens' family is from New Mexico and Arizona.", "Brody Stevens __knowledge__ His grandmother was born in Las Vegas, New Mexico on May 2, 1909.", "Brody Stevens __knowledge__ His father, Harold Morris Brody, was born in Phoenix and worked as a private investigator.", "Brody Stevens __knowledge__ Stevens describes his family as the \"pioneering Jews of the southwest\".", "Brody Stevens __knowledge__ Stevens grew up in Los Angeles, California.", "Brody Stevens __knowledge__ He was briefly enrolled in private school, until his mother decided he would attend public school.", "Brody Stevens __knowledge__ The family moved to Sacramento during Stevens' early childhood.", "Brody Stevens __knowledge__ After his parents divorced when Stevens was eight years old he lived with his mother and older sister in the Valley.", "The Bryan Callen Show __knowledge__ Mixed Mental Arts is a comedy podcast hosted by Bryan Callen, and co-hosted by Hunter Maats.", "The Bryan Callen Show __knowledge__ The show has a wide range of guests such as authors, comedians, actors, doctors, entrepreneurs, MMA fighters, journalists, nutritionists, musicians, pornstars, video game developers and many more interesting people.", "The Bryan Callen Show __knowledge__ On January 21, 2012, Callen officially started his own podcast via Brian Redban's \"Deathsquad Studios\" titled \"The Bryan Callen Show.\"", "The Bryan Callen Show __knowledge__ He has since left Deathsquad and changed the name of the show first to \"Man Thoughts\" then back to \"The Bryan Callen Show\" and then finally to \"Mixed Mental Arts\" at Episode 207." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ The Joe Rogan Experience is a free audio and video talk podcast hosted by American comedian, actor, sports commentator, and television host Joe Rogan.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ It was launched on December 24, 2009 by Rogan and his friend, comedian Brian Redban who also produced and co-hosted.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ It has grown to become one of the world’s most popular podcasts, spawning a community of listeners around the globe.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ On August 18, 2017, it reached its 1,000th episode with Joey Diaz and Tom Segura as guests.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Around 2003, Rogan hired Brian Redban, a self-taught video editor and an employee at a Gateway computer store in Ohio, to work for him full time to film, produce, and edit videos for his website.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Redban, a fan of Rogan and comedian Doug Stanhope who had tried stand-up at open mic nights in Ohio, met and befriended the two through the Internet.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ He then started to produce videos for Stanhope, which led to Rogan offering him trips to film at his own stand-up gigs.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Redban accepted Rogan's offer to work with him, and relocated to California in the process, following Rogan with a camera \"and recording everything\".", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ After several years, Redban later said Rogan's fans wanted more content and delivered faster, and sought new ways to make the lengthy editing process easier and more interactive for the audience.", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ Yep Roc Records is an American independent record label based in Hillsborough, North Carolina, and owned by Redeye Distribution.", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ Since 1997, the label has released albums from North Carolina and international artists, including Aoife O'Donovan, Chatham County Line, Dave Alvin, Gang of Four, Los Straitjackets, Nick Lowe, Paul Weller, Robyn Hitchcock, Ryan Adams, The Apples in Stereo, The Reverend Horton Heat, Mandolin Orange, and Tift Merritt.", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ Tor Hansen started the label in 1997, two years after moving to North Carolina to help manage a chain of record stores in the South.", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ In and around the musical hotbed of Chapel Hill, he encountered bands making good music but not really knowing how to get it out.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ Laurence Michael Yep (; born June 14, 1948) is a prolific Chinese-American writer, best known for children's books.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ In 2005, he received the biennial Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal for his career contribution to American children's literature.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ Yep was born in San Francisco to Yep Gim Lew (Thomas) and Franche.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ His older brother, Thomas, named him after studying a particular saint in a multicultural neighborhood that consisted of mostly African Americans.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ Growing up, he often felt torn between U.S. and Chinese culture, and expressed this in many of his books.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ A great deal of his work involves characters feeling alienated or not fitting into their surroundings and environment, something Yep has struggled with since childhood.", "Dragon (fantasy series) __knowledge__ The Dragon series is a tetralogy of fantasy novels by Chinese American author Laurence Yep.", "Dragon (fantasy series) __knowledge__ Yep had already written several books including the Newbery Honor novel \"Dragonwings\" by 1980, when, after undertaking careful research, he decided to adapt Chinese mythology into a fantasy form, something he had always wanted to do since he had sold his first science fiction story at 18.", "Dragon (fantasy series) __knowledge__ He \"tried to stay true to the spirit\" of these myths, but did not try \"to keep their exact details\".", "Dragon (fantasy series) __knowledge__ The \"perfect vehicle\" he chose was a folktale in which the Monkey King captured a river spirit who had flooded an entire city, which he at first tried to conceive in picture book form.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ \"Where It's At (Yep, Yep)\" (also known as \"Where It's At\" in its short title) is a song recorded by American country music artist Dustin Lynch.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ It was released in March 2014 as the first single from his second studio album.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ The album, \"Where It's At\", was released on September 9, 2014.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ The song was written by Cary Barlowe, Zach Crowell and Matt Jenkins.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ The song garnered positive reviews from critics who praised its upbeat instrumentals and Lynch's vocal performance.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ \"Where It's At (Yep Yep)\" was Lynch's first number-one single on the \"Billboard\" Country Airplay chart.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ It also charted at numbers 4 and 42 on both the Hot Country Songs and Hot 100 charts respectively.", "Nell Gwyn __knowledge__ Eleanor \"Nell\" Gwyn (2 February 1650 – 14 November 1687; also spelled \"Gwynn\", \"Gwynne\") was a long-time mistress of King Charles II of England and Scotland.", "Nell Gwyn __knowledge__ Called \"pretty, witty Nell\" by Samuel Pepys, she has been regarded as a living embodiment of the spirit of Restoration England and has come to be considered a folk heroine, with a story echoing the rags-to-royalty tale of Cinderella.", "Nell Gwyn __knowledge__ She was the most famous Restoration actress and possessed a prodigious comic talent.", "Nell Gwyn __knowledge__ Gwyn had two sons by King Charles: Charles Beauclerk (1670–1726); and James Beauclerk (1671–1680).", "Nell Gwyn __knowledge__ The surname of her sons is pronounced 'Bo-Clare'.", "The Mayflies USA __knowledge__ The Mayflies USA are a Chapel Hill, North Carolina-based power pop rock band signed to Yep Roc Records.", "The Mayflies USA __knowledge__ The band is a classic example of power pop, as their songs featured catchy melodies, vocal harmonies, and prominent guitar riffs.", "The Mayflies USA __knowledge__ Their style was influenced by older bands such as The Beatles, Big Star, and also more contemporary groups like Teenage Fanclub and Velvet Crush.", "The Mayflies USA __knowledge__ The band released their debut EP in 1997, and their next three albums were released by Yep Roc.", "The Mayflies USA __knowledge__ North Carolina producer Chris Stamey (formerly of The dB's, and credited by the band as the \"fifth\" Mayfly) produced their first two records for Yep Roc, \"Summertown\" and \"The Pity List\".", "Robbie Fulks __knowledge__ Robert \"Robbie\" Fulks (born March 25, 1963) is an American alternative country singer-songwriter, instrumentalist and long-time Chicago, Illinois resident.", "Robbie Fulks __knowledge__ He has released 13 albums over a career spanning more than 30 years.", "Robbie Fulks __knowledge__ His most recent record, \"Upland Stories,\" was nominated for a Grammy for Best Folk Album and the song “Alabama at Night,” was nominated for a Grammy for Best American Roots Song.", "Robbie Fulks __knowledge__ Fulks was born in York, Pennsylvania, the son of a school teacher father.", "Robbie Fulks __knowledge__ He grew up small towns in southeastern Pennsylvania, the Blue Ridge Mountains area of Virginia, and the Piedmont region of North Carolina.", "History of podcasting __knowledge__ Podcasting, first known as \"audioblogging\", has its roots dating back to the 1980s.", "History of podcasting __knowledge__ With the advent of broadband internet and portable digital audio playback devices such as the iPod, podcasting began to catch hold in late 2004.", "History of podcasting __knowledge__ Today there are more than 115,000 English-language podcasts available on the internet, and dozens of websites available for distribution at little or no cost to the producer or listener.", "History of podcasting __knowledge__ According to one survey in 2017, 42 million Americans above the age of twelve listen to podcasts at least on a weekly basis.", "History of podcasting __knowledge__ Before the advent of the World Wide Web, in the 1980s, RCS (Radio Computing Services), provided music and talk-related software to radio stations in a digital format.", "Stuff You Should Know __knowledge__ Stuff You Should Know, often abbreviated as SYSK, is an award-winning podcast and video series published by the HowStuffWorks website and hosted by Josh Clark and Charles W. \"Chuck\" Bryant, both writers at HowStuffWorks.", "Stuff You Should Know __knowledge__ The podcast is consistently ranked in the Top 10 on iTunes.", "Stuff You Should Know __knowledge__ It is one of the most popular podcasts in the world, being downloaded millions of times each month.", "Stuff You Should Know __knowledge__ The podcast, released every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, educates listeners on a wide variety of topics, often using popular culture as a reference giving the podcast comedic value.", "Stuff You Should Know __knowledge__ The podcast is available for free on the iTunes Store and consistently appears in the platform's Top 10.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Uhh Yeah Dude __knowledge__ Uhh Yeah Dude is a comedy podcast hosted by Seth Romatelli (born September 20, 1973) and Jonathan Larroquette (born August 7, 1977).", "Uhh Yeah Dude __knowledge__ Described as \"A weekly roundup of America through the eyes of two American-Americans,\" \"Uhh Yeah Dude\" (UYD) is available free via the Apple iTunes Store or The Uhh Yeah Dude official website.", "Uhh Yeah Dude __knowledge__ \"Uhh Yeah Dude\" is a weekly hour long comedy podcast containing discussion about current events by hosts Seth Romatelli and Jonathan Larroquette.", "Uhh Yeah Dude __knowledge__ The original idea for the podcast came out of weekly phone conversations between the two where they would talk about personal experiences and items they'd seen in the news.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ Usher Raymond IV (born October 14, 1978), is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and actor.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He was born in Dallas, Texas, but raised in Chattanooga, Tennessee until moving to Atlanta, Georgia.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ At the age of 12, his mother put him in local singing competitions, before catching the attention of a music A&R from LaFace Records.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ In 1994, he released his self-titled debut album, \"Usher\".", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He rose to fame in the late 1990s with the release of his second album \"My Way\" (1997), which spawned his first U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number-one single, \"Nice & Slow\", amongst top-two singles \"You Make Me Wanna...\" and \"My Way\".", "Joe Rogan __knowledge__ Joseph James Rogan (born August 11, 1967) is an American stand-up comedian, martial arts color commentator and podcast host.", "Joe Rogan __knowledge__ A fan of comedy since his youth, Rogan began a career in stand-up in August 1988 in the Boston area, developing a blue comedy act.", "Joe Rogan __knowledge__ He moved to New York City two years later.", "Joe Rogan __knowledge__ After relocating to Los Angeles in 1994, Rogan signed an exclusive developmental deal with Disney, appeared as an actor on the television sitcoms \"Hardball\" and \"NewsRadio\", and worked in local comedy clubs.", "Joe Rogan __knowledge__ In 1997, he started working for the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) as an interviewer and color commentator." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ The Joe Rogan Experience is a free audio and video talk podcast hosted by American comedian, actor, sports commentator, and television host Joe Rogan.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ It was launched on December 24, 2009 by Rogan and his friend, comedian Brian Redban who also produced and co-hosted.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ It has grown to become one of the world’s most popular podcasts, spawning a community of listeners around the globe.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ On August 18, 2017, it reached its 1,000th episode with Joey Diaz and Tom Segura as guests.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Around 2003, Rogan hired Brian Redban, a self-taught video editor and an employee at a Gateway computer store in Ohio, to work for him full time to film, produce, and edit videos for his website.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Redban, a fan of Rogan and comedian Doug Stanhope who had tried stand-up at open mic nights in Ohio, met and befriended the two through the Internet.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ He then started to produce videos for Stanhope, which led to Rogan offering him trips to film at his own stand-up gigs.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Redban accepted Rogan's offer to work with him, and relocated to California in the process, following Rogan with a camera \"and recording everything\".", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ After several years, Redban later said Rogan's fans wanted more content and delivered faster, and sought new ways to make the lengthy editing process easier and more interactive for the audience.", "Wiping __knowledge__ Wiping, also known as junking, is a colloquial term of art for action taken by radio and television production and broadcasting companies, in which old audiotapes, videotapes, and telerecordings (kinescopes), are erased, reused, or destroyed.", "Wiping __knowledge__ Although the practice was once very common, especially in the 1960s and 1970s, wiping is now practiced much less frequently.", "Wiping __knowledge__ Older video and audio formats were both much more expensive (relative to the amount of material that could be stored) and took up much more storage space than modern digital video or audio files, making their retention more costly, and there was more incentive to recycle the film for reuse or for silver content than to preserve the content on the film, thus increasing the incentive of discarding existing broadcast material to recover storage space and material for newer programs.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Doctor Who missing episodes __knowledge__ There are numerous portions of the long-running British science-fiction television programme \"Doctor Who\" that are no longer held by the BBC.", "Doctor Who missing episodes __knowledge__ Between 1967 and 1978 the BBC routinely deleted archive programmes, for various practical reasons (lack of space, scarcity of materials, a lack of rebroadcast rights).", "Doctor Who missing episodes __knowledge__ As a result of the cull, 97 of 253 episodes from the programme's first six years are currently missing, primarily from seasons 3 through 5, leaving 26 serials incomplete.", "Doctor Who missing episodes __knowledge__ Many more were considered lost until recovered from various sources, mostly overseas broadcasters.", "Doctor Who missing episodes __knowledge__ \"Doctor Who\" is not unique in its losses, as many broadcasters regularly cleared their archives in this manner.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ WOW - Women Of Wrestling, aka WOW!, is a women's professional wrestling promotion founded in 2000 by David McLane, previously the founder of Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ It is based in Los Angeles, California, and is owned by McLane and Los Angeles Lakers owner and president Jeanie Buss.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ The promotion launched a series of syndicated programs in the 2000-01 television seasons in 102 TV markets using a similar format of character driven performers, with names befitting a comic book series, such as Jungle Grrrl, an inmate tag-team complete with orange jump suits named Caged Heat, a Hollywood starlet named Lana Star, and the Persian Princess.", "The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. __knowledge__ The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr., often referred to as just Brisco or Brisco County, is an American weird western television series created by Jeffrey Boam and Carlton Cuse.", "The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. __knowledge__ It ran for 27 episodes on the Fox network starting in the 1993–94 season.", "The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. __knowledge__ Set in the American West of 1893, the series follows its title character, a Harvard-educated lawyer-turned-bounty hunter hired by a group of wealthy industrialists to track and capture outlaw John Bly and his gang.", "The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. __knowledge__ Bruce Campbell plays Brisco, who is joined by a colorful group of supporting characters, including Julius Carry as fellow bounty hunter Lord Bowler and Christian Clemenson as stick-in-the-mud lawyer Socrates Poole.", "Fast Lane Daily __knowledge__ Fast Lane Daily, sometimes referred to as FLD, was an Internet-based video newscast about the automotive industry, created by Emil Rensing, a founder of Next New Networks.", "Fast Lane Daily __knowledge__ Fast Lane Daily was part of AutoStream, Inc. and Time inc. Its first episode first aired on February 17, 2007.", "Fast Lane Daily __knowledge__ As of July 27, 2016, Fast Lane Daily aired its last episode and the show has since been put on indefinite hiatus by its owners, Time Inc., who bought them in February 2016.", "Fast Lane Daily __knowledge__ FLD was hosted by Derek DeAngelis and ran daily, Monday through Friday.", "Fast Lane Daily __knowledge__ Alex Roy, JF Musial, and Leo Parente moved to the DRIVE channel.", "Fast Lane Daily __knowledge__ Past FLD hosts include Ji Young Min, Tinabeth Piña, Alex Gizela, Carrie Milbank, Andrea Feczko, Michael Spinelli and Ray Wert of Jalopnik.com, Gumball 3000 veteran Alex Roy of Team Polizei, Richard Owens of Supercars.net and Bullrun rally driver Ashley Van Dyke.", "Fair City __knowledge__ Fair City is an Irish television soap opera on RTÉ One.", "Fair City __knowledge__ The show is produced by the public service broadcaster RTÉ, it first aired on RTÉ One on Monday 18 September 1989.", "Fair City __knowledge__ It has won several awards and is both the most popular and the longest running Irish soap opera.", "Fair City __knowledge__ Plots centre on the domestic and professional lives of the residents of Carrigstown, a fictional suburb on the north side of Dublin.", "Fair City __knowledge__ The area encompasses a restaurant, pub, garage, corner shop, community centre, charity shop, surgery and various businesses.", "Fair City __knowledge__ Originally aired as one half-hour episode per week for a limited run, the show is now broadcast year round on RTÉ One in four episodes per week, all of which air at 20:00.", "The Weakest Link (UK game show) __knowledge__ The Weakest Link is a British television quiz show, mainly broadcast on BBC Two as well as BBC One.", "The Weakest Link (UK game show) __knowledge__ It was devised by Fintan Coyle and Cathy Dunning, and developed for television by the BBC Entertainment Department.", "The Weakest Link (UK game show) __knowledge__ The first original episode was broadcast on 14 August 2000.", "The Weakest Link (UK game show) __knowledge__ The show is presented by Anne Robinson and narrated by Jon Briggs.", "The Weakest Link (UK game show) __knowledge__ It ran in different variations, originally as a daytime series but also at primetime and with celebrity contestants playing for charity with a modified set and format.", "The Weakest Link (UK game show) __knowledge__ The format has since been produced around the world, most notably in the United States where Robinson was the original presenter.", "Days of Our Lives __knowledge__ Days of Our Lives (also stylized as Days of our Lives; often abbreviated to DOOL or Days) is an American daytime soap opera broadcast on the NBC television network.", "Days of Our Lives __knowledge__ It is one of the longest-running scripted television programs in the world, airing nearly every weekday since November 8, 1965.", "Days of Our Lives __knowledge__ It has since been syndicated to many countries around the world.", "Days of Our Lives __knowledge__ Until the network's closure in 2013, Soapnet rebroadcast episodes of \"Days\" on a same-day basis each weeknight at 8:00 and 10:00 p.m. (Eastern and Pacific Time).", "Days of Our Lives __knowledge__ The series was created by husband-and-wife team Ted Corday and Betty Corday.", "Days of Our Lives __knowledge__ Irna Phillips was a story editor for \"Days of Our Lives\" and many of the show's earliest storylines were written by William J.", "General Hospital __knowledge__ General Hospital (commonly abbreviated GH) is an American daytime television medical drama.", "General Hospital __knowledge__ It is listed in \"Guinness World Records\" as the longest-running American soap opera in production and the second longest-running drama in television in American history after \"Guiding Light\".", "General Hospital __knowledge__ Concurrently, it is the world's second longest-running scripted drama series in production after British serials \"The Archers\" and \"Coronation Street\", as well as the world's second-longest-running televised soap opera still in production.", "General Hospital __knowledge__ \"General Hospital\" premiered on the ABC television network on April 1, 1963.", "General Hospital __knowledge__ Same-day broadcasts as well as classic episodes were aired on SOAPnet from January 20, 2000, to December 31, 2013, following Disney-ABC's decision to discontinue the network.", "WWE Raw __knowledge__ WWE Raw, also known as Monday Night Raw or simply Raw, is a professional wrestling television program that currently airs live on Monday evenings at 8 pm EST on the USA Network in the United States.", "WWE Raw __knowledge__ The show's name is also used to refer to the Raw brand, in which WWE employees are assigned to work and perform on that program; the other programs and brands currently being SmackDown and NXT.", "WWE Raw __knowledge__ The show debuted on January 11, 1993 and has since been considered as the flagship program of WWE.", "WWE Raw __knowledge__ \"Raw\" moved from the USA Network to TNN in September 2000, which was rebranded to Spike TV in August 2003.", "WWE Raw __knowledge__ On October 3, 2005, \"Raw\" returned to the USA Network, where it remains today." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ The Joe Rogan Experience is a free audio and video talk podcast hosted by American comedian, actor, sports commentator, and television host Joe Rogan.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ It was launched on December 24, 2009 by Rogan and his friend, comedian Brian Redban who also produced and co-hosted.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ It has grown to become one of the world’s most popular podcasts, spawning a community of listeners around the globe.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ On August 18, 2017, it reached its 1,000th episode with Joey Diaz and Tom Segura as guests.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Around 2003, Rogan hired Brian Redban, a self-taught video editor and an employee at a Gateway computer store in Ohio, to work for him full time to film, produce, and edit videos for his website.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Redban, a fan of Rogan and comedian Doug Stanhope who had tried stand-up at open mic nights in Ohio, met and befriended the two through the Internet.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ He then started to produce videos for Stanhope, which led to Rogan offering him trips to film at his own stand-up gigs.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Redban accepted Rogan's offer to work with him, and relocated to California in the process, following Rogan with a camera \"and recording everything\".", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ After several years, Redban later said Rogan's fans wanted more content and delivered faster, and sought new ways to make the lengthy editing process easier and more interactive for the audience.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "Heineken Asia Pacific __knowledge__ Heineken Asia Pacific, formerly Asia Pacific Breweries (APB) is an Asian brewery company founded as Malayan Breweries Limited (MBL) in 1931, in a joint venture between Heineken International and Fraser and Neave, it was renamed to Asia Pacific Breweries (APB) in 1989 and given its present name after merging with Heineken Asia Pacific in 2013.", "Heineken Asia Pacific __knowledge__ It currently controls 45 breweries in 19 countries in the Asia Pacific region, selling over 50 beer brands and variants.", "Heineken Asia Pacific __knowledge__ It is wholly owned by parent company Heineken International.", "Heineken Asia Pacific __knowledge__ In 1931, Fraser & Neave formed a joint venture with Holland’s Heineken to venture into the brewing business.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Walter Giles Yea (20 May 1808 – 18 June 1855) was a British Army colonel, known for his role in the Crimean War, where he was killed in action.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Born in Park Row, Bristol, on 20 May 1808, he was eldest son of Sir William Walter Yea, second baronet, of Pyrland, near Taunton, Somerset, who married, on 24 June 1805, Anne Heckstetter (d. 1846), youngest daughter of Colonel David Michel of Dulish House, Dorset.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Yea was educated at Eton College.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ He was commissioned as ensign in the 37th foot on 6 October 1825, obtained an unattached lieutenancy on 19 December 1826, was appointed to the 5th Foot on 13 March 1827, and exchanged to the 7th (Royal Fusiliers) on 13 March 1828.", "Dami Im __knowledge__ Dami Im (, , ; born 17 October 1988) is a Korean-born Australian singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist performing artist.", "Dami Im __knowledge__ Im is known for achieving the best ever Eurovision result for Australia.", "Dami Im __knowledge__ Im emigrated to Australia from South Korea with her family at the age of nine.", "Dami Im __knowledge__ She won the fifth season of \"The X Factor Australia\" and subsequently received a recording contract with Sony Music Australia.", "Dami Im __knowledge__ After winning \"The X Factor\", Im released her debut and winner's single \"Alive\", which debuted at number one on the ARIA Singles Chart.", "Dami Im __knowledge__ This was followed by the release of her self-titled second studio album, which debuted at number one the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association.", "Im Tirtzu __knowledge__ Im Tirtzu (Hebrew: אם תרצו, lit.", "Im Tirtzu __knowledge__ 'If you will it') is a Zionist non-governmental organization based in Israel.", "Im Tirtzu __knowledge__ Its name is derived from an epigraph appended to the frontespiece of Theodor Herzl's novel Altneuland, 'if you wish it, it is no fairy-tale,' rendered into modern Hebrew in Nahum Sokolow's translation in 1903, as \"Im tirtzu ein zo agadah.\"", "Im Tirtzu __knowledge__ (\"If you will it, it is no dream.\")", "Im Tirtzu __knowledge__ On its establishment in 2006, the organization stated that its mission was to renew \"Zionist discourse, Zionist thinking and Zionist ideology to ensure the future of the Jewish nation and the State of Israel.\"", "Im Tirtzu __knowledge__ Claiming to \"strengthen and advance the values of Zionism in Israel\", it sees itself as dedicated to combating a \"campaign of de-legitimization against the State of Israel and to [provide] responses to Post-Zionist and Anti-Zionist phenomena\".", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ Yea Big + Kid Static is a hip-hop duo formerly based out of Chicago, Illinois.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ The group's two members, Stefen Robinson and Moses Harris, Jr., have been working together since 2005.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ The duo of Yea Big + Kid Static was formed in late 2005 by Stefen Robinson (Yea Big) and Moses Harris, Jr. (Kid Static).", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ Their work is a blend of sample-based experimental hip-hop, D.I.Y.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ punk, and roots music.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ Yea Big + Kid Static has toured with bands as diverse as The Mae Shi, Rapider Than Horsepower, Bark Bark Bark and Gentleman Auction House; and released a digital-only side project, \"Secretary\", with Brad Breeck (of The Mae Shi) and Andrea Cochran.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The Shire of Yea was a local government area about northeast of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The shire covered an area of , and existed from 1869 until 1994.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The shire's population was dominated by the town of Yea.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ Yea was first incorporated as a road district on 1 February 1869, and became a shire on 28 November 1873.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ Its boundaries changed a number of times throughout its existence: The Shire was described in the 1949 Australian Blue Book as an elevated area given to pastoral and dairying pursuits, along with sheep and cattle grazing.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ By 1994, 51% of Yea's land was under cultivation as farmland, with the Kinglake National Park and Yea River Regional Park as well as the Murrindindi Forest, the latter being important to Yea's economy for timber production, accounting for much of the rest.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Phuket Zoo __knowledge__ The Phuket Zoo is a zoo located in Phuket, Thailand.", "Phuket Zoo __knowledge__ It was founded as a private zoo in 1997 and currently remains private.", "Phuket Zoo __knowledge__ The zoo is located near the Muang District and the Phuket Bay.", "Phuket Zoo __knowledge__ The zoo makes up 30 rai (12 acres) and is one of the top attractions in all of Thailand.", "Phuket Zoo __knowledge__ It is known for having close encounters with many exotic animals including tigers, monkeys and elephants.", "Phuket Zoo __knowledge__ The zoo has many sections including areas devoted to crocodiles, elephants and monkeys while also having an aquarium and an orchard garden.", "Phuket Zoo __knowledge__ The monkey show consists of a macaque monkey doing tricks and than taking pictures with the crowd.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ is a song by American singer Usher.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ He co-wrote the song with Sean Garrett, Patrick J. Que Smith, Robert McDowell, LRoc, Ludacris, Da'Ron, and Lil Jon.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ It also features guest vocals from Lil Jon and Ludacris, with the former also producing the song as well as incorporating crunk and R&B—which he coined as crunk&B—in the song's production.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was released as the lead single from Usher's fourth studio album \"Confessions\" (2004) on January 27, 2004, after Usher was told by Arista Records, his label at the time, to record more tracks for the album.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ topped the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for 12 consecutive weeks, before being dethroned by Usher's follow-up single \"Burn\".", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show \"Total Request Live\" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the \"Billboard\" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ January 2: \"Lose Yourself\" - Eminem January 3: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 6: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 7: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 8: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 9: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 10: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 13: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 14: \"All I Have\" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J January 15: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 16: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 17: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 22: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 23: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 24: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 28: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 29: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 30: \"Bump, Bump, Bump\" - B2K featuring P. Diddy January 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 3: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 4: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 7: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 10: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 11: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 12: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: \"Why I Love You\" - B2K February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: \"Larger Than Life\" - Backstreet Boys February 18: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 19: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 20: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 21: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 24: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 25: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 26: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake February 27: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 28: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 3: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 4: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 7: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 10: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 11: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 12: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 14: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 17: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 18: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 19: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq March 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 24: \"The Hell Song\" - Sum 41 March 25: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 26: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 1: \"Girlfriend\" - B2K April 2: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 3: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 4: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 7: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 8: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 9: \"Addicted\" - Simple Plan April 10: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 11: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 15: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 16: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 17: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 18: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 22: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 23: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 24: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 25: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 28: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 29: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 30: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 1: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 2: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 5: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 6: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 7: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 8: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 9: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 12: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 13: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 15: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 19: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 20: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 22: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 26: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 27: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 28: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 29: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 30: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 2: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 3: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 4: \"Rock Wit U\" - Ashanti June 5: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 9: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 10: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 11: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 12: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 16: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 17: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 18: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 19: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 23: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 24: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 26: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 30: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 1: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 2: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 3: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 7: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 8: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 9: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: \"Girlfriend ( Remix )\"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly July 11: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 14: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 15: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 16: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 17: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 18: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 21: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 22: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 23: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: \"Without Me\" - Eminem July 25: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 28: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 29: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 30: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 31: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 1: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 4: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 5: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 6: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 7: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 8: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 11: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 12: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 13: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 14: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 15: August 18: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 19: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 20: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 21: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 26: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 27: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy August 28: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 29: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 2: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 3: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 4: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 5: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 8: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 9: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 10: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 11: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 12: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 15: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 17: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 18: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 19: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 23: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 24: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 25: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 26: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 29: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 30: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 1: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 2: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 3: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell October 6: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 7: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul October 8: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 9: \"Perfect\" - Simple Plan October 10: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 14: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 15: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 17: \"Trouble\" - P!nk October 18: \"Trouble\" - Pink October 21: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 23: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 27: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 28: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 29: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 30: \"Will You\" - P. O. D. October 31: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 3: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 4: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 5: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 6: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 7: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 11: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 12: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 13: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 14: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 17: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 18: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 19: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 20: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 24: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 25: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 1: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 2: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 3: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 4: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 5: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 8: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 11: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 16: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 17: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 18: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 19: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 22: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 23: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 29: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit December 30: Song Of The Year: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 5: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 6: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 7: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 8: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 13: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 14: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 16: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 19: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 21: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 22: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 26: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 27: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 28: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 29: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 30: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver February 2: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 9: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 10: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 11: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 12: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 13: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte February 16: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 17: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 18: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 19: \"Sorry 2004\" - Ruben Studdard February 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 23: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 24: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 25: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon February 27: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 2: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 3: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 4: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 5: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 8: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears March 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 10: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 11: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 15: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 16: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 17: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 18: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 22: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 23: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 24: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 25: \"My Band\" - D12 March 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 29: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 30: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 31: \"My Band\" - D12 April 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 5: \"Naughty Girl\" - Beyoncé April 6: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 7: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 8: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 13: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 14: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 15: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 16: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 19: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 20: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 21: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 22: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 23: \"My Band\" - D12 April 26: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 27: \"My Band\" - D12 April 28: \"My Band\" - D12 April 29: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears May 3: \"My Band\" - D12 May 4: \"My Band\" - D12 May 5: \"My Band\" - D12 May 6: \"My Band\" - D12 May 7: \"My Band\" - D12 May 10: \"My Band\" - D12 May 11: \"My Band\" - D12 May 17: \"My Band\" - D12 May 18: \"Burn\" - Usher May 19: \"Burn\" - Usher May 20: \"Burn\" - Usher May 21: \"Burn\" - Usher May 24: \"My Band\" - D12 May 25: \"Burn\" - Usher May 26: \"Burn\" - Usher May 27: \"My Band\" - D12 May 28: \"My Band\" - D12 May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 1: \"Burn\" - Usher June 2: \"Burn\" - Usher June 3: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 4: \"My Band\" - D12 June 7: \"My Band\" - D12 June 8: \"Burn\" - Usher June 9: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: \"Forgot About Dre\" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem June 11: \"Burn\" - Usher June 14: \"Burn\" - Usher June 15: \"How Come\" - D12 June 16: \"How Come\" - D12 June 17: \"How Come\" - D12 June 18: \"How Come\" - D12 June 21: \"How Come\" - D12 June 22: \"How Come\" - D12 June 23: \"Leave (Get Out)\" - JoJo June 24: \"How Come\" - D12 June 25: \"How Come\" - D12 June 28: \"Leave ( Get Out )\" - JoJo June 29: \"How Come\" - D12 June 30: \"Confessions Pt.", "Jerome Grand Hotel __knowledge__ The Jerome Grand Hotel is a historic hotel that is in use in Jerome, Arizona.", "Jerome Grand Hotel __knowledge__ The hotel's motto is \"Arizona's mile high historic landmark\" The Jerome Grand Hotel was originally constructed in 1926 under the name United Verde Hospital, owned by the United Verde Copper Company (UVCC), later to become Phelps Dodge Mining Corporation.", "Jerome Grand Hotel __knowledge__ Some knew it as the Phelps Dodge Hospital and United Verde Copper Hospital.", "Jerome Grand Hotel __knowledge__ It was the 4th and final hospital in Jerome.", "Jerome Grand Hotel __knowledge__ Opened in January 1927, the United Verde Hospital was a state-of-the-art medical facility; in 1930, listed as the most modern and well equipped hospital in Arizona and possibly in all of the western states.", "List of Loveline games __knowledge__ \"Loveline\" has frequent games and traditions in which phone callers, guests, and the hosts participate.", "List of Loveline games __knowledge__ Most of the games and traditions come and leave with their respective hosts.", "List of Loveline games __knowledge__ Engineer Anderson Cowan is fond of splicing up phrases Drew, Adam, Stryker, and guests have uttered on previous shows and \"dropping\" them into new shows mid-call, to the confusion of callers and amusement of seasoned listeners.", "List of Loveline games __knowledge__ Some favorites are: Some of the Drew Drops were set to music in the \"Dr. Drew Shuffle\" and the later \"Dr. Drew Boogie.\"", "List of Loveline games __knowledge__ There are some other drops taken from a skit on the television show \"Crank Yankers\"." ] ]

[ 2, 3, 4, 0, 5 ]

[ "It was launched on December 24, 2009 by Rogan and his friend, comedian Brian Redban and it's my favorite podcast", "Yeah no wonder it has grown to become one of the world’s most popular podcasts.", "On August 18, 2017, it reached its 1,000th episode so i think it will be around for more", "Yeah he has had many guests over the years", "Around 2003, Rogan hired Brian Redban, a self-taught video editor so he has some help" ]

[ "The Joe Rogan Experience", "The Joe Rogan Experience", "The Joe Rogan Experience", "The Joe Rogan Experience", "The Joe Rogan Experience" ]

[ "Canada", "My sister lived there for awhile. She really liked it. Vancouver I think. ", "It's never killed one person, so. It's also a plant.", "I think the national capital is Ottowa" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Canada __knowledge__ Canada (; ) is a country located in the northern part of North America.", "Canada __knowledge__ Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area.", "Canada __knowledge__ Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border.", "Canada __knowledge__ The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southern areas are warm in summer.", "Canada __knowledge__ Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains.", "Canada __knowledge__ It is highly urbanized with 82 percent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, many near the southern border.", "Canada __knowledge__ Its capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.", "Canada __knowledge__ Various indigenous peoples have inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization.", "Canada __knowledge__ Beginning in the 16th century, the British and French established colonies, the first being the colony of Canada established by France in 1535.", "Canada __knowledge__ As a consequence of various armed conflicts, British North America gained and lost territory until, by the late 18th century, it controlled most of what comprises Canada today." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Canada __knowledge__ Canada (; ) is a country located in the northern part of North America.", "Canada __knowledge__ Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area.", "Canada __knowledge__ Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border.", "Canada __knowledge__ The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southern areas are warm in summer.", "Canada __knowledge__ Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains.", "Canada __knowledge__ It is highly urbanized with 82 percent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, many near the southern border.", "Canada __knowledge__ Its capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.", "Canada __knowledge__ Various indigenous peoples have inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization.", "Canada __knowledge__ Beginning in the 16th century, the British and French established colonies, the first being the colony of Canada established by France in 1535.", "Canada __knowledge__ As a consequence of various armed conflicts, British North America gained and lost territory until, by the late 18th century, it controlled most of what comprises Canada today.", "Let's Wait Awhile __knowledge__ \"Let's Wait Awhile\" is a song by American singer Janet Jackson, released as the fifth single from her third studio album \"Control\" (1986).", "Let's Wait Awhile __knowledge__ It was written and produced by Jackson and Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, with Melanie Andrews also serving as co-writer.", "Let's Wait Awhile __knowledge__ It is also the first song Jackson co-produced.", "Let's Wait Awhile __knowledge__ Inspired by a conversation Melanie Andrews had with a childhood boyfriend, the song speaks of sexual abstinence and postponing intimacy within a relationship.", "Let's Wait Awhile __knowledge__ The song received generally favorable reviews from music critics, who praised the track's sweetness and Jackson's tender delivery.", "Let's Wait Awhile __knowledge__ It was also praised for its meaningful message, considered to be a teaching tool to encourage sexual abstinence amidst the AIDS crisis at the time.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Odense Stadium __knowledge__ Odense Stadium (Danish: Odense Stadion) is an association football stadium located in the Bolbro district of Odense, Denmark.", "Odense Stadium __knowledge__ Nicknamed \"Folkets Teater\" (en: \"The People's Theater\") by Jack Johnson, it has been the home ground of Odense Boldklub since the 1940s and has previously hosted select matches for FC Fyn (2011–2012), Boldklubben 1909, Boldklubben 1913 and Odense Boldklub Kvinde Elite (until 2016) during their tenures in the higher ranking leagues.", "Odense Stadium __knowledge__ With a current capacity of 15,790 (13,990 seatings; 13,573 seatings for international matches), it is the fifth largest football stadium of any football team in Denmark.", "Streets of Fire __knowledge__ Streets of Fire is a 1984 film directed by Walter Hill and co-written by Hill and Larry Gross.", "Streets of Fire __knowledge__ It is described in its opening credits and posters as \"A Rock & Roll Fable\".", "Streets of Fire __knowledge__ The film is a mix of musical, action, neo-noir, drama, and comedy, with elements of retro-1950s and 1980s.", "Streets of Fire __knowledge__ It stars Michael Paré as a soldier of fortune who returns home to rescue his ex-girlfriend (Diane Lane) who has been kidnapped by the leader of a biker gang (Willem Dafoe).", "Streets of Fire __knowledge__ Some of the film was shot on the backlot of Universal Studios in California, on two large sets covered in a tarp 1,240 feet long by 220 feet wide, so that night scenes could be filmed during the day.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Monarchy of Canada __knowledge__ The monarchy of Canada is at the core of both Canada's federal structure and Westminster-style of parliamentary and constitutional democracy.", "Monarchy of Canada __knowledge__ The monarchy is the foundation of the executive (Queen-in-Council), legislative (Queen-in-Parliament), and judicial (Queen-on-the-Bench) branches within both federal and provincial jurisdictions.", "Monarchy of Canada __knowledge__ The sovereign is the personification of the Canadian state and \"is\" Canada as a matter of constitutional law.", "Monarchy of Canada __knowledge__ The current Canadian monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952.", "Monarchy of Canada __knowledge__ Elizabeth's eldest son, Prince Charles, is heir apparent.", "Monarchy of Canada __knowledge__ Although the person of the sovereign is equally shared with 15 other independent countries within the Commonwealth of Nations, each country's monarchy is separate and legally distinct.", "Aaliyah __knowledge__ Aaliyah Dana Haughton (; January 16, 1979 – August 25, 2001) was an American singer, actress, and model.", "Aaliyah __knowledge__ She was born in Brooklyn, New York, and raised in Detroit, Michigan.", "Aaliyah __knowledge__ At the age of 10, she appeared on the television show \"Star Search\" and performed in concert alongside Gladys Knight.", "Aaliyah __knowledge__ At age 12, Aaliyah signed with Jive Records and her uncle Barry Hankerson's Blackground Records.", "Aaliyah __knowledge__ Hankerson introduced her to R. Kelly, who became her mentor, as well as lead songwriter and producer of her debut album, \"Age Ain't Nothing but a Number\".", "Aaliyah __knowledge__ The album sold three million copies in the United States and was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).", "Ukrainian Canadians __knowledge__ Ukrainian Canadians (; translit.", "Ukrainian Canadians __knowledge__ \"Ukrayins'ki kanadtsi\", \"Ukrayinokanadtsi\") are Canadian citizens of Ukrainian descent or Ukrainian-born people who immigrated to Canada.", "Ukrainian Canadians __knowledge__ In 2011, there were an estimated 1,251,170 persons of full or partial Ukrainian origin residing in Canada (the majority being Canadian-born citizens) making them Canada's ninth largest ethnic group, and giving Canada the world's third-largest Ukrainian population behind Ukraine itself and Russia.", "Ukrainian Canadians __knowledge__ Self-identified Ukrainians are the plurality in several rural areas of Western Canada.", "Ukrainian Canadians __knowledge__ Of the 1,251,170 who identify as Ukrainian, only 144,260 (or 11.5%) can actually speak either the modern Ukrainian language or the historic Canadian Ukrainian dialect.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (, lit: \"How many knots are left to untie?\")", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ is a Pakistani drama series, airs on Hum TV.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Created by Angeline Malik, the series is a sequel of the anthology series \"Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain\" (20112014).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It premiered on 30 October 2016 with a different cast and different story.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It revolves around a married couple, Saba (Hira Salman) and Kamran (Hassan Ahmed).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ They ask Jameela (servant) to give another servant duty if he/she is interested.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She suppresses Rozi (Ushna Shah).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Saba is strict with her servants especially with Rozi.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She drinks water in Saba's glass, to which JHOOTA BURTAN has been derived.", "Charlton Press __knowledge__ James (Jim) Charlton (July 26, 1911 - September 20, 2013) It was Jim Charlton’s experience as an avid numismatist that inspired him to create a catalogue for coin collectors.", "Charlton Press __knowledge__ In 1926, when Jim Charlton was 15, his older brother Harry Charlton gifted him a United States 1863 Indian Head cent.", "Charlton Press __knowledge__ It was from this initial exposure to coins that Jim Charlton developed an interest in numismatics, frequently visiting coin dealers, and purchasing coins from second-hand stores in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.", "Charlton Press __knowledge__ Charlton continued to cultivate his interest in coins while moving to Northern Ontario for work as an engineer from 1933 to 1948.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement is a defence procurement project of the Canadian government to purchase Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighters for the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), a process started in 1997.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The F-35 procurement has been a source of considerable controversy in public policy circles in Canada since the federal government announced its intention to purchase the aircraft in 2010.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ In April 2012, with the release of a highly critical Auditor General of Canada report on the failures of the government's F-35 program, the procurement was labelled a national \"scandal\" and \"fiasco\" by the media." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Canada __knowledge__ Canada (; ) is a country located in the northern part of North America.", "Canada __knowledge__ Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area.", "Canada __knowledge__ Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border.", "Canada __knowledge__ The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southern areas are warm in summer.", "Canada __knowledge__ Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains.", "Canada __knowledge__ It is highly urbanized with 82 percent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, many near the southern border.", "Canada __knowledge__ Its capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.", "Canada __knowledge__ Various indigenous peoples have inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization.", "Canada __knowledge__ Beginning in the 16th century, the British and French established colonies, the first being the colony of Canada established by France in 1535.", "Canada __knowledge__ As a consequence of various armed conflicts, British North America gained and lost territory until, by the late 18th century, it controlled most of what comprises Canada today.", "Tornadoes of 2017 __knowledge__ This page documents notable tornadoes and tornado outbreaks worldwide in 2017.", "Tornadoes of 2017 __knowledge__ Strong and destructive tornadoes form most frequently in the United States, Bangladesh, and Eastern India, but they can occur almost anywhere under the right conditions.", "Tornadoes of 2017 __knowledge__ Tornadoes also develop occasionally in southern Canada during the Northern Hemisphere's summer and somewhat regularly at other times of the year across Europe, Asia, and Australia.", "Tornadoes of 2017 __knowledge__ Tornadic events are often accompanied with other forms of severe weather, including strong thunderstorms, strong winds, and hail.", "Tornadoes of 2017 __knowledge__ There have been 1,522 reports of tornadoes in the United States in 2017 so far, of which at least 1,396 have been confirmed.", "Tornadoes of 2008 __knowledge__ This page documents notable tornadoes and tornado outbreaks worldwide in 2008.", "Tornadoes of 2008 __knowledge__ Strong and destructive tornadoes form most frequently in the United States, Bangladesh, and Eastern India, but they can occur almost anywhere under the right conditions.", "Tornadoes of 2008 __knowledge__ Tornadoes also develop occasionally in southern Canada during the Northern Hemisphere's summer and somewhat regularly at other times of the year across Europe, Asia, and Australia.", "Tornadoes of 2008 __knowledge__ Tornadic events are often accompanied with other forms of severe weather, including strong thunderstorms, strong winds, and hail.", "Tornadoes of 2008 __knowledge__ There were 1,692 tornadoes confirmed in the United States in 2008, with 126 confirmed fatalities.", "Tornadoes of 2012 __knowledge__ This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 2012.", "Tornadoes of 2012 __knowledge__ Extremely destructive tornadoes form most frequently in the U.S., Bangladesh and Eastern India, but they can occur almost anywhere under the right conditions.", "Tornadoes of 2012 __knowledge__ Tornadoes also appear regularly in neighboring southern Canada during the Northern Hemisphere's summer season, and somewhat regularly in Europe, Asia, Argentina, and Australia.", "Tornadoes of 2012 __knowledge__ There were 939 tornadoes confirmed in the U.S. in 2012.", "Tornadoes of 2012 __knowledge__ 86 fatalities have been confirmed worldwide in 2012: one each in Poland, Japan and Italy, three in New Zealand, five in Indonesia, six in Turkey and 69 in the United States.", "2002 Pacific typhoon season __knowledge__ The 2002 Pacific typhoon season was an active season, with many tropical cyclones affecting Japan and China.", "2002 Pacific typhoon season __knowledge__ Every month had tropical activity, with most storms forming from July through October.", "2002 Pacific typhoon season __knowledge__ Overall, there were 44 tropical depressions declared officially or unofficially, of which 26 became named storms; of those, there were 15 typhoons, which is the equivalent of a minimal hurricane, while 8 of the 15 typhoon intensified into super typhoons unofficially by the JTWC.", "2002 Pacific typhoon season __knowledge__ The season began early with the first storm, Tapah, developing on January 10, east of the Philippines.", "2002 Pacific typhoon season __knowledge__ Two months later, Typhoon Mitag became the first super typhoon ever to be recorded in March.", "Tornadoes of 2007 __knowledge__ This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks that occurred in 2007, primarily (but not entirely) in the United States.", "Tornadoes of 2007 __knowledge__ Most tornadoes form in the U.S., although some events may take place internationally, particularly in parts of neighboring southern Canada during the summer season.", "Tornadoes of 2007 __knowledge__ Some tornadoes also take place in Europe, e. g. in the United Kingdom or in Germany.", "Tornadoes of 2007 __knowledge__ Preliminary reports suggest that there were 1,305 reported tornadoes in the U.S. (of which 1,092 were confirmed), with 81 confirmed fatalities.", "Tornadoes of 2007 __knowledge__ It was the deadliest year for tornadoes in the U.S. since 1999, when 95 deaths were reported.", "Tornadoes of 2015 __knowledge__ This page documents notable tornadoes and tornado outbreaks worldwide in 2015.", "Tornadoes of 2015 __knowledge__ Strong and destructive tornadoes form most frequently in the United States, Bangladesh, and Eastern India, but they can occur almost anywhere under the right conditions.", "Tornadoes of 2015 __knowledge__ Tornadoes also develop occasionally in southern Canada during the Northern Hemisphere's summer and somewhat regularly at other times of the year across Europe, Asia, and Australia.", "Tornadoes of 2015 __knowledge__ Tornadic events are often accompanied with other forms of severe weather including strong thunderstorms, winds and hail.", "Tornadoes of 2015 __knowledge__ There were 1,265 tornadoes reported in the United States in 2015 according to the Storm Prediction Center (SPC), of which at least 1,178 have been confirmed.", "Tornadoes of 2016 __knowledge__ This page documents notable tornadoes and tornado outbreaks worldwide in 2016.", "Tornadoes of 2016 __knowledge__ Strong and destructive tornadoes form most frequently in the United States, Bangladesh, and Eastern India, but they can occur almost anywhere under the right conditions.", "Tornadoes of 2016 __knowledge__ Tornadoes also develop occasionally in southern Canada during the Northern Hemisphere's summer and somewhat regularly at other times of the year across Europe, Asia, and Australia.", "Tornadoes of 2016 __knowledge__ Tornadic events are often accompanied with other forms of severe weather, including strong thunderstorms, strong winds, and hail.", "Tornadoes of 2016 __knowledge__ There were 1,059 tornadoes reported in the United States in 2016, of which 976 were confirmed.", "Adult Use of Marijuana Act __knowledge__ The Adult Use of Marijuana Act (AUMA) (Proposition 64) is a 2016 voter initiative to legalize cannabis in California.", "Adult Use of Marijuana Act __knowledge__ The full name of the measure is the \"Control, Regulate and Tax Adult Use of Marijuana Act\".", "Adult Use of Marijuana Act __knowledge__ The initiative passed with 57% voter approval and became law on November 9, 2016, leading to recreational cannabis sales in the state beginning January, 2018.", "Adult Use of Marijuana Act __knowledge__ Possession or sale of cannabis in the United States is prohibited by federal law.", "Adult Use of Marijuana Act __knowledge__ In 1970, President Richard Nixon signed the Controlled Substances Act, establishing marijuana as a Schedule I drug, the strictest level of prohibition.", "Marijuana policy of the Donald Trump administration __knowledge__ Marijuana (cannabis) and the rights of individual states to legalize recreational and medical marijuana was an issue of President Donald Trump's presidential campaign, and he formally stated during his campaign that he believed states should have the right to manage their own policies with regard to medical and recreational marijuana.", "Marijuana policy of the Donald Trump administration __knowledge__ Following his election, he reversed his position on recreational marijuana and stated he believed medical marijuana should be allowed but stated the federal government may seek legal resolutions for those states which regulate the growth and sale of recreational marijuana.", "Legal history of cannabis in the United States __knowledge__ The legal history of cannabis in the United States relates to the regulation of cannabis (legal term marijuana) use for medical, recreational or industrial purposes in the United States.", "Legal history of cannabis in the United States __knowledge__ Increased restrictions and labeling of cannabis as a poison began in many states from 1906 onward, and outright prohibitions began in the 1920s.", "Legal history of cannabis in the United States __knowledge__ By the mid-1930s marijuana was regulated as a drug in every state, including 35 states that adopted the Uniform State Narcotic Drug Act.", "Legal history of cannabis in the United States __knowledge__ The first national regulation was the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937.", "Legal history of cannabis in the United States __knowledge__ Multiple efforts to reschedule cannabis under the Act have failed, and the United States Supreme Court has ruled in \"United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative\" and \"Gonzales v. Raich\" that the federal government has a right to regulate and criminalize cannabis, even for medical purposes.", "Cannabis in Canada __knowledge__ In Canada as of late 2017, cannabis – usually referred to as marihuana or marijuana – is legal only for medicinal purposes and only under conditions outlined in the \" Access to Cannabis for Medical Purposes Regulations (ACMPR).", "Cannabis in Canada __knowledge__ \" issued by Health Canada.", "Cannabis in Canada __knowledge__ The cultivation of the cannabis is currently legal in Canada for seed, grain and fibre production only under licences issued by Health Canada.", "Cannabis in Canada __knowledge__ Cannabis was first banned in Canada in 1923, with regulated medical cannabis becoming legal in 2001.", "Cannabis in Canada __knowledge__ In response to popular opinion, Justin Trudeau, the leader of the Liberal Party of Canada committed to legalizing cannabis for personal use while campaigning during the Canadian federal election, 2015.", "Colorado Amendment 64 __knowledge__ Colorado Amendment 64 was a successful popular initiative ballot measure to amend the Constitution of the State of Colorado, outlining a statewide drug policy for cannabis.", "Colorado Amendment 64 __knowledge__ The measure passed on November 6, 2012, and along with a similar measure in Washington state, marked \"an electoral first not only for America but for the world.\"", "Colorado Amendment 64 __knowledge__ Enacted as Article 18, section 16 of the state constitution, the law addresses \"personal use and regulation of marijuana\" for adults 21 and over, as well as commercial cultivation, manufacture, and sale: regulating marijuana in a manner similar to alcohol, namely for recreational use.", "Oregon Liquor Control Commission __knowledge__ The Oregon Liquor Control Commission (OLCC) is a government agency of the U.S. state of Oregon.", "Oregon Liquor Control Commission __knowledge__ The OLCC was created by an act of the Oregon Legislative Assembly in 1933, days after the repeal of prohibition, as a means of providing control over the distribution, sales and consumption of alcoholic beverages.", "Oregon Liquor Control Commission __knowledge__ To this end, the agency was given the authority to regulate and license those who manufacture, sell or serve alcohol.", "Oregon Liquor Control Commission __knowledge__ Oregon is one of 18 alcoholic beverage control states that directly control the sales of alcoholic beverages in the United States.", "Oregon Liquor Control Commission __knowledge__ In 2014, the passage of Oregon Ballot Measure 91 (2014) legalized the recreational use of marijuana in Oregon and gave regulatory authority to the OLCC.", "Cannabis in Oregon __knowledge__ Cannabis in Oregon relates to a number of legislative, legal, and cultural events surrounding use of cannabis (marijuana, hashish, THC, kief, etc.).", "Cannabis in Oregon __knowledge__ Oregon was the first U.S. state to decriminalize the possession of small amounts of cannabis, and among the first to authorize its use for medical purposes.", "Cannabis in Oregon __knowledge__ An attempt to recriminalize possession of small amounts of cannabis was turned down by Oregon voters in 1997.", "Cannabis in Oregon __knowledge__ From 1999 through 2005, the ratio of Oregonians using cannabis outpaced the general United States population by 32–45%.", "Cannabis in Oregon __knowledge__ In surveys conducted in 1974 and 1975—one and two years after decriminalization—it was found that 2% of respondents said they did not use marijuana or cannabis because they were unavailable, 4% for legal or law enforcement reasons, 53% reported lack of interest, and 23% cited health dangers." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Canada __knowledge__ Canada (; ) is a country located in the northern part of North America.", "Canada __knowledge__ Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area.", "Canada __knowledge__ Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border.", "Canada __knowledge__ The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southern areas are warm in summer.", "Canada __knowledge__ Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains.", "Canada __knowledge__ It is highly urbanized with 82 percent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, many near the southern border.", "Canada __knowledge__ Its capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.", "Canada __knowledge__ Various indigenous peoples have inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization.", "Canada __knowledge__ Beginning in the 16th century, the British and French established colonies, the first being the colony of Canada established by France in 1535.", "Canada __knowledge__ As a consequence of various armed conflicts, British North America gained and lost territory until, by the late 18th century, it controlled most of what comprises Canada today.", "Northern Michigan __knowledge__ Northern Michigan, also known as Northern Lower Michigan or Upper Michigan (known colloquially to residents of more southerly parts of the state and summer residents from cities such as Chicago as \"up north\"), is a region of the U.S. state of Michigan.", "Northern Michigan __knowledge__ A popular tourist destination, it is home to several small- to medium-sized cities, extensive state and national forests, lakes and rivers, and a large portion of Great Lakes shoreline.", "Northern Michigan __knowledge__ The region has a significant seasonal population much like other regions that depend on tourism as their main industry.", "Northern Michigan __knowledge__ Northern Lower Michigan is distinct from the more northerly Upper Peninsula and Isle Royale, which, obviously, are also located in \"northern\" Michigan.", "Metro Manila __knowledge__ Metropolitan Manila () is the seat of government and one of the three defined metropolitan areas of the Philippines.", "Metro Manila __knowledge__ It is officially known as the National Capital Region (NCR), and was commonly known as Metro Manila or simply Manila.", "Metro Manila __knowledge__ It is made up of the City of Manila, the Philippine capital city, Quezon City, the country's most populous city and former capital, and the cities of Caloocan, Las Piñas, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Parañaque, Pasay, Pasig, San Juan, Taguig, Valenzuela and the municipality of Pateros.", "Metro Manila __knowledge__ NCR encompasses an area of and has a population of , making it the most densely populated region of the country.", "Ottawa __knowledge__ Ottawa ( or ; ) is the capital city of Canada.", "Ottawa __knowledge__ It stands on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of southern Ontario.", "Ottawa __knowledge__ Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec; the two form the core of the Ottawa–Gatineau census metropolitan area (CMA) and the National Capital Region (NCR).", "Ottawa __knowledge__ As of 2016, Ottawa had a city population of 934,243 and a metropolitan population of 1,323,783 making it the fourth-largest city and the fifth-largest CMA in Canada.", "Ottawa __knowledge__ Founded in 1826 as Bytown, and incorporated as Ottawa in 1855, the city has evolved into the political centre of Canada.", "Ottawa __knowledge__ Its original boundaries were expanded through numerous annexations and were ultimately replaced by a new city incorporation and amalgamation in 2001 which significantly increased its land area.", "National Capital Region (Canada) __knowledge__ The National Capital Region (), also referred to as Canada's Capital Region and Ottawa–Gatineau (formerly \"Ottawa–Hull\"), is an official federal designation for the Canadian capital of Ottawa, Ontario, the neighbouring city of Gatineau, Quebec, and surrounding urban and rural communities.", "National Capital Region (Canada) __knowledge__ The term National Capital Region is often used to describe the Ottawa–Gatineau metropolitan area, although the official boundaries of the NCR do not precisely correspond to the statistical metropolitan area.", "National Capital Region (Canada) __knowledge__ Unlike capital districts in some other federal countries, such as the District of Columbia in the United States or the Australian Capital Territory in Australia, the National Capital Region is not a separate political or administrative entity.", "Canberra __knowledge__ Canberra (, ) is the capital city of Australia.", "Canberra __knowledge__ With a population of 403,468, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall.", "Canberra __knowledge__ The city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), south-west of Sydney, and north-east of Melbourne.", "Canberra __knowledge__ A resident of Canberra is known as a \"Canberran\".", "Canberra __knowledge__ Although Canberra is the capital and seat of government, many federal government ministries have secondary seats in state capital cities, as do the Governor-General and the Prime Minister.", "Canberra __knowledge__ The site of Canberra was selected for the location of the nation's capital in 1908 as a compromise between rivals Sydney and Melbourne, Australia's two largest cities.", "National Capital Memorial Advisory Commission __knowledge__ The National Capital Memorial Advisory Commission is an independent agency of the United States government responsible for approving and siting memorials within Washington, D.C., and the D.C. metropolitan area.", "National Capital Memorial Advisory Commission __knowledge__ Previously known as the National Capital Memorial Advisory Committee, the agency was established by the Commemorative Works Act of 1986 and its name was changed to the National Capital Memorial Commission.", "National Capital Memorial Advisory Commission __knowledge__ The agency's name was changed again in 2003 to the National Capital Memorial Advisory Commission.", "National Capital Memorial Advisory Commission __knowledge__ No federal agency had authority over the placement or construction of memorials in and around Washington, D.C., until 1910.", "Delhi __knowledge__ Delhi (, \"Dilli\"), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is a city and a union territory of India.", "Delhi __knowledge__ It is bordered by Haryana on three sides and by Uttar Pradesh to the east.", "Delhi __knowledge__ The NCT covers an area of .", "Delhi __knowledge__ According to the 2011 census, Delhi city's proper population was over 11 million, the second highest in India after Mumbai, while the whole NCT's population was about 16.8 million.", "Delhi __knowledge__ Delhi's urban area is now considered to extend beyond the NCT boundary to include an estimated population of over 26 million people, making it the world's second largest urban area.", "Delhi __knowledge__ Delhi is the second wealthiest city after Mumbai in India, with a total wealth of $450 billion and home to 18 billionaires and 23,000 millionaires.", "Foreign relations of India __knowledge__ The Ministry of External Affairs of India (MEA), also known as the Foreign Ministry, is the government agency responsible for the conduct of foreign relations of India.", "Foreign relations of India __knowledge__ India has formal diplomatic relations with most nations; it is the world's second most populous country.", "Foreign relations of India __knowledge__ India is a vast country and is connected to lots of countries for economy, the world's most-populous democracy and the fastest growing major economy.", "Foreign relations of India __knowledge__ With the world's sixth largest military expenditure, third largest armed force, sixth largest economy by nominal rates and third largest economy in terms of purchasing power parity, India is a regional power, a nascent global power and a potential superpower.", "Foreign relations of Israel __knowledge__ Israel joined the United Nations on 11 May 1949.", "Foreign relations of Israel __knowledge__ Israel maintains diplomatic ties with 159 countries as of March 2017.", "Foreign relations of Israel __knowledge__ Israel maintains full diplomatic relations and open borders with two of its Arab neighbours, Egypt and Jordan, after signing peace treaties in 1979 and 1994 respectively.", "Foreign relations of Israel __knowledge__ The close friendship with the United States has been the linchpin of Israeli foreign policy for decades.", "Foreign relations of Israel __knowledge__ From the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 until the Iranian Revolution and the fall of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979, Israel and Iran maintained close ties.", "Foreign relations of Israel __knowledge__ Iran was the second Muslim-majority country to recognize Israel as a sovereign nation after Turkey.", "China–United States relations __knowledge__ United States-China relations, more often known as U.S.–Chinese relations, Chinese–U.S.", "China–United States relations __knowledge__ relations, or Sino-American relations, refer to international relations between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China (PRC).", "China–United States relations __knowledge__ The partnership between China and the United States, in which each nation regards the other as a potential adversary as well as an economic partner, has been described by world leaders and academics as the world's most important bilateral relationship of the century.", "China–United States relations __knowledge__ , the United States has the world's largest economy and China the second largest, although China has a larger GDP when measured by PPP.", "Pakistan __knowledge__ Pakistan ( or ; ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (), is a country in South Asia.", "Pakistan __knowledge__ It is the fifth-most populous country with a population exceeding 209,970,000 people.", "Pakistan __knowledge__ In terms of area, it is the 33rd-largest country spanning .", "Pakistan __knowledge__ Pakistan has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest, and China in the far northeast, respectively.", "Pakistan __knowledge__ It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in the north-west, and also shares a maritime border with Oman.", "Pakistan __knowledge__ The territory that now constitutes Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures, including the Mehrgarh of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including Hindus, Indo-Greeks, Muslims, Turco-Mongols, Afghans, and Sikhs.", "United Kingdom–United States relations __knowledge__ British–American relations, also referred to as Anglo-American relations, encompass many complex relations ranging from two early wars to competition for world markets.", "United Kingdom–United States relations __knowledge__ Since 1940 they have been close military allies enjoying the Special Relationship built as wartime allies, and NATO partners.", "United Kingdom–United States relations __knowledge__ The two nations are bound together by shared history, an overlap in religion and a common language and legal system, and kinship ties that reach back hundreds of years, including kindred, ancestral lines among English Americans, Scottish Americans, Welsh Americans, Scotch-Irish Americans and American Britons respectively.", "Foreign relations of China __knowledge__ The foreign relations of the People's Republic of China (PRC), commonly known to most states as China, guides the way in which China interacts with foreign nations and expresses its political, economic and cultural strengths, weaknesses and values.", "Foreign relations of China __knowledge__ As a great power and emerging superpower, China's foreign policy and strategic thinking are highly influential.", "Foreign relations of China __knowledge__ China officially states it \"unswervingly pursues an independent foreign policy of peace.", "Foreign relations of China __knowledge__ The fundamental goals of this policy are to preserve China's independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity, create a favorable international environment for China's reform and opening up and modernization of construction, and to maintain world peace and propel common development.\"", "Foreign policy of the United States __knowledge__ The foreign policy of the United States is the way in which it interacts with foreign nations and sets standards of interaction for its organizations, corporations and system citizens of the United States.", "Foreign policy of the United States __knowledge__ The officially stated goals of the foreign policy of the United States, including all the Bureaus and Offices in the United States Department of State, as mentioned in the \"Foreign Policy Agenda\" of the Department of State, are \"to build and sustain a more democratic, secure, and prosperous world for the benefit of the American people and the international community.\"", "Foreign policy of the United States __knowledge__ In addition, the United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs states as some of its jurisdictional goals: \"export controls, including nonproliferation of nuclear technology and nuclear hardware; measures to foster commercial interaction with foreign nations and to safeguard American business abroad; international commodity agreements; international education; and protection of American citizens abroad and expatriation.\"" ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]

[ "I've always wanted to go to Canada since it's just north of America!", "I heard they legalized recreational marijuana so that outta be fun. In all ten provinces and three territories too.", "It's so close to us too, especially since the border between the two is the largest border between two nations.", "I think so too, it's also really cold over there especially during the winter." ]

[ "Canada", "Canada", "Canada", "Canada" ]

[ "Dog", "I also love dogs. I don't have one right now, but used to and he was just fantastic. I miss him!", "I knew they were part of the wolf family a long time ago, which I find really interesting. What else can you tell me about them?", "That would explain how my dog seemed to anticipate my behavior! Do other animals not eat starch? That's something else I didn't know." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Must Love Dogs is a 2005 American romantic comedy film based on Claire Cook's 2002 novel of the same name.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Starring Diane Lane and John Cusack, it is the second and final film directed and written by Gary David Goldberg and was produced on a budget of $30 million.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ The film focuses on a woman's struggle with divorce and meeting new people afterward.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Production started on October 12, 2004 with a final release date of July 29, 2005.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Critics opinions were mostly negative but indicated that the actors were not to blame.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ \"Must Love Dogs\" took the fifth spot on its opening weekend and has grossed more than $58 million worldwide.", "Blu's Hanging __knowledge__ Blu's Hanging is a 1997 coming-of-age novel by Lois-Ann Yamanaka.", "Blu's Hanging __knowledge__ It follows the Ogata family after the death of their mother, as each family member struggles to come to terms with their grief.", "Blu's Hanging __knowledge__ The story is told through Ivah, a smart-mouthed thirteen-year-old who is left as the oldest child to take care of her younger siblings, Blu and Maisie, while she struggles with her own grief, emerging sexuality, and awareness of the world.", "Blu's Hanging __knowledge__ Similar to Yamanaka's other works, \"Blu's Hanging\", encompasses the topics of racial politics and the diverse culture of Hawaii, as well as the coming of age of the main character amongst various sexual threats and questions.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ This article contains brief biographies for characters from Terry Pratchett's \"Discworld\" series.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ This list consists of human characters.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ For biographies of noted members of the Discworld's \"ethnic minorities\" (dwarfs, trolls, undead (Discworld), etc.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ ), see the specific articles for those races.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ Some character biographies are also listed in articles relating to the organisations they belong to.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ For further Discworld character biographies, see the table below.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ Characters are listed alphabetically by name.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ The daughter of Robert Dearheart, founder of the Grand Trunk Semaphore Company, and sister of the murdered John Dearheart, Adora Belle Dearheart (featured in \"Going Postal\", \"Making Money\" and \"Raising Steam\") is cynical, angry, and a heavy smoker (so memorably heavy that Moist, needing to find her, considered looking for a large plume of smoke coming from houses in the area, but ultimately asked a tobacconist), although it is also noted that she looks extremely good in a very plain gray dress.", "Stephanie Bentley __knowledge__ Stephanie Kay Bentley (born April 29, 1963 in Thomasville, Georgia) is an American country music artist.", "Stephanie Bentley __knowledge__ She made her debut in 1996 as a duet partner on Ty Herndon's single \"Heart Half Empty\", which peaked at No.", "Stephanie Bentley __knowledge__ 21 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts.", "Stephanie Bentley __knowledge__ The single was included both on Herndon's 1995 debut album \"What Mattered Most\" and on Bentley's 1996 debut album \"Hopechest\".", "Stephanie Bentley __knowledge__ It produced three more singles for her on the country charts, although only one (\"Who's That Girl\") reached Top 40.", "Stephanie Bentley __knowledge__ Bentley found success as a songwriter, having penned Faith Hill's 1999 crossover single \"Breathe\", as well as Martina McBride's 2002 Top 5 hit \"Concrete Angel\".", "Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows __knowledge__ Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows: An Introduction to Carnism (2009) is a book by American social psychologist Melanie Joy about the belief system and psychology of meat eating, or \"carnism\".", "Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows __knowledge__ Joy coined the term \"carnism\" in 2001 and developed it in her doctoral dissertation in 2003.", "Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows __knowledge__ Carnism is a subset of speciesism, and contrasts with ethical veganism, the moral commitment to abstain from consuming or using meat and other animal products.", "Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows __knowledge__ Joy, an animal advocate, was concerned about linguistic bias inherent in terms like \"carnivore\", which were inaccurate and failed to account for the \"beliefs beneath the behavior\".", "Melanie Joy __knowledge__ Melanie Joy (born 2 September, 1966) is an American social psychologist and vegan activist, primarily notable for promulgating the term carnism.", "Melanie Joy __knowledge__ She is a professor of psychology and sociology at the University of Massachusetts Boston, as well as the president of Beyond Carnism, also known as Carnism Awareness & Action Network (CAAN), a non-profit advocacy group which she founded in 2010.", "Melanie Joy __knowledge__ She has published two books, \"Strategic Action for Animals\" and \"Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows\".", "Melanie Joy __knowledge__ Joy received her M.Ed.", "Melanie Joy __knowledge__ from the Harvard Graduate School of Education, and her Ph.D. in psychology from the Saybrook Graduate School.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ Animal rights is the idea in which some, or all, non-human animals are entitled to the possession of their own lives and that their most basic interests—such as the need to avoid suffering—should be afforded the same consideration as similar interests of human beings.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ Advocates oppose the assignment of moral value and fundamental protections on the basis of species membership alone—an idea known since 1970 as speciesism, when the term was coined by Richard D. Ryder—arguing that it is a prejudice as irrational as any other.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ They maintain that animals should no longer be viewed as property or used as food, clothing, research subjects, entertainment, or beasts of burden.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ The evolution of the wolf occurred over a geologic time scale of 800 thousand years, transforming the first Middle Pleistocene wolf specimen that is recognized as being morphologically similar to \"Canis lupus\" into today's dog, dingo and gray wolf.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Ecological factors including habitat type, climate, prey specialization and predatory competition has greatly influenced the wolf's genetic population structure and cranio-dental plasticity.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Wolves went through a population bottleneck 20,000 years before present (YBP), which indicates that many wolf populations had gone extinct at a time that coincided with the Last Glacial Maximum and the expansion of modern humans worldwide with their technology for capturing large game.", "Canidae __knowledge__ The biological family Canidae The cat-like feliforms and dog-like caniforms emerged within the Carnivoramorpha 43 million years before present.", "Canidae __knowledge__ The caniforms included the fox-like genus \"Leptocyon\" whose various species existed from 34 million years before present before branching 11.9 million YBP into Vulpini (foxes) and Canini (canines).", "Canidae __knowledge__ Canids are found on all continents except Antarctica, having arrived independently or accompanied human beings over extended periods of time.", "Canidae __knowledge__ Canids vary in size from the 2-m-long (6 ft 7 in) gray wolf to the 24-cm-long (9.4 in) fennec fox.", "Canidae __knowledge__ The body forms of canids are similar, typically having long muzzles, upright ears, teeth adapted for cracking bones and slicing flesh, long legs, and bushy tails.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Golden jackal __knowledge__ The golden jackal (\"Canis aureus\") is a wolf-like canid that is native to Southeast Europe, Southwest Asia, South Asia, and regions of Southeast Asia.", "Golden jackal __knowledge__ Compared with the Arabian wolf, which is the smallest of the gray wolves, \"(Canis lupus)\", the jackal is smaller and possesses shorter legs, a shorter tail, a more elongated torso, a less-prominent forehead, and a narrower and more pointed muzzle.", "Golden jackal __knowledge__ The golden jackal's coat can vary in color from a pale creamy yellow in summer to a dark tawny beige in winter.", "Golden jackal __knowledge__ It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List due to its widespread distribution and high density in areas with plenty of available food and optimum shelter.", "Ethiopian wolf __knowledge__ The Ethiopian wolf (\"Canis simensis\") is a canid native to the Ethiopian Highlands.", "Ethiopian wolf __knowledge__ It is similar to the coyote in size and build, and is distinguished by its long and narrow skull, and its red and white fur.", "Ethiopian wolf __knowledge__ Unlike most large canids, which are widespread, generalist feeders, the Ethiopian wolf is a highly specialised feeder of Afroalpine rodents with very specific habitat requirements.", "Ethiopian wolf __knowledge__ It is one of the world's rarest canids, and Africa's most endangered carnivore.", "Ethiopian wolf __knowledge__ The species' current range is limited to seven isolated mountain ranges at altitudes of 3,000–4,500 m, with the overall adult population estimated at 360–440 individuals in 2011, more than half of them in the Bale Mountains.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses of individuals or groups of domestic dogs to internal and external stimuli.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ It has been shaped by millennia of contact with humans and their lifestyles.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs, more than any other species, have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and they are uniquely attuned to their behaviors.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Behavioral scientists have uncovered a wide range of social-cognitive abilities in the domestic dog The origin of the domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is not clear." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Domestication of the horse __knowledge__ A number of hypotheses exist on many of the key issues regarding the domestication of the horse.", "Domestication of the horse __knowledge__ Although horses appeared in Paleolithic cave art as early as 30,000 BCE, these were wild horses and were probably hunted for meat.", "Domestication of the horse __knowledge__ How and when horses became domesticated is disputed.", "Domestication of the horse __knowledge__ The clearest evidence of early use of the horse as a means of transport is from chariot burials dated c. 2000 BCE.", "Domestication of the horse __knowledge__ However, an increasing amount of evidence supports the hypothesis that horses were domesticated in the Eurasian Steppes approximately 3500 BCE; recent discoveries in the context of the Botai culture suggest that Botai settlements in the Akmola Province of Kazakhstan are the location of the earliest domestication of the horse.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Domestication __knowledge__ Domestication is a sustained multi-generational relationship in which one group of organisms assumes a significant degree of influence over the reproduction and care of another group to secure a more predictable supply of resources from that second group.", "Domestication __knowledge__ Charles Darwin recognized the small number of traits that made domestic species different from their wild ancestors.", "Domestication __knowledge__ He was also the first to recognize the difference between conscious selective breeding in which humans directly select for desirable traits, and unconscious selection where traits evolve as a by-product of natural selection or from selection on other traits.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ The domestication of animals is the mutual relationship between animals with the humans who have influence on their care and reproduction.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ Charles Darwin recognized the small number of traits that made domesticated species different from their wild ancestors.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ He was also the first to recognize the difference between conscious selective breeding in which humans directly select for desirable traits, and unconscious selection where traits evolve as a by-product of natural selection or from selection on other traits.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ There is a genetic difference between domestic and wild populations.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ There is also such a difference between the domestication traits that researchers believe to have been essential at the early stages of domestication, and the improvement traits that have appeared since the split between wild and domestic populations.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse (\"Equus ferus caballus\") is one of two extant subspecies of \"Equus ferus\".", "Horse __knowledge__ It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, \"Eohippus\", into the large, single-toed animal of today.", "Horse __knowledge__ Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC.", "Horse __knowledge__ Horses in the subspecies \"caballus\" are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses.", "Horse __knowledge__ These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered Przewalski's horse, a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Chloroplast __knowledge__ Chloroplasts are organelles, specialized compartments, in plant and algal cells.", "Chloroplast __knowledge__ Their discovery inside plant cells is usually credited to Julius von Sachs (1832–1897), an influential botanist and author of standard botanical textbooks – sometimes called \"The Father of Plant Physiology\".", "Chloroplast __knowledge__ The main role of chloroplasts is to conduct photosynthesis, where the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight and converts it and stores it in the energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH while freeing oxygen from water.", "Chloroplast __knowledge__ They then use the ATP and NADPH to make organic molecules from carbon dioxide in a process known as the Calvin cycle.", "Psychology __knowledge__ Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, including conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as thought.", "Psychology __knowledge__ It is an academic discipline of immense scope and diverse interests that, when taken together, seek an understanding of the emergent properties of brains, and all the variety of epiphenomena they manifest.", "Psychology __knowledge__ As a social science it aims to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles and researching specific cases.", "Psychology __knowledge__ In this field, a professional or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social, behavioral, or cognitive scientist.", "Psychology __knowledge__ Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors.", "Dual inheritance theory __knowledge__ Dual inheritance theory (DIT), also known as gene–culture coevolution or biocultural evolution, was developed in the 1960s through early 1980s to explain how human behavior is a product of two different and interacting evolutionary processes: genetic evolution and cultural evolution.", "Dual inheritance theory __knowledge__ Genes and culture continually interact in a feedback loop, changes in genes can lead to changes in culture which can then influence genetic selection, and vice versa.", "Dual inheritance theory __knowledge__ One of the theory's central claims is that culture evolves partly through a Darwinian selection process, which dual inheritance theorists often describe by analogy to genetic evolution.", "Lactalbumin __knowledge__ Lactalbumin, also known as \"whey protein\", is the albumin contained in milk and obtained from whey.", "Lactalbumin __knowledge__ Lactalbumin is found in the milk of many mammals.", "Lactalbumin __knowledge__ There are alpha and beta lactalbumins; both are contained in milk.", "Lactalbumin __knowledge__ Scientific studies suggest that certain types of lactalbumin (whey protein) can significantly improve immune responsiveness and increase levels of glutathione systemically in animals and possesses antiviral (against viruses), anti-apoptotic (impede cell death) and anti-tumor (against cancers or tumors) activities in humans.", "Lactalbumin __knowledge__ 1.", "Lactalbumin __knowledge__ Influence Of Dietary Lactalbumin Hydrolysate On The Immune System Of Mice And Resistance To Salmonellosis Bounous G., Stevenson M.M., Kongshavn P.A.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Human nutrition deals with the provision of essential nutrients in food that are necessary to support human life and health.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Generally, people can survive up to 40 days without food, a period largely dependent on the amount of water consumed, stored body fat, muscle mass and genetic factors.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Poor nutrition is a chronic problem often linked to poverty, a poor understanding of nutrition and dietary practices, and deficient sanitation and food security.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Malnutrition and its consequences are large contributors to deaths and disabilities worldwide.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Good nutrition helps children grow physically, promotes human biological development and helps in the eradication of poverty.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ This list of ecoregions of North America provides an overview of North American ecoregions designated by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) in its North American Environmental Atlas.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ It should not be confused with Wikipedia articles based on the classification system developed by the World Wildlife Fund, such as List of ecoregions (WWF) and Lists of ecoregions by country.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ The commission was established in 1994 by the member states of Canada, Mexico, and the United States to address regional environmental concerns under the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), the environmental side accord to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 4, 6 ]

[ "I love dogs, which are wolf-like canids that often live with people.", "That's awesome. The dog was the first species to get domesticated and has been bred over millennia.", "Their long association with humans has led them to be attuned to human behavior. They can thrive on a starch-rich diet as well.", "Other canids need more protein than dogs. Dogs also vary widely in size, shape, and colors." ]

[ "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog" ]

[ "Ice hockey\njust got into hockey and i love hockey.", "i guess that is why I like it, for the contact", "yep that is basically it, but on ice", "people can get hurt but surprisingly few serious injuries", "Canada is lucky to have a rich history with hockey" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical, with teams usually consisting of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is most popular in Canada, central and eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia and the United States.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, and enjoys immense popularity; alongside Canada, ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and Switzerland.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ North America's National Hockey League (NHL) is the highest level for men's ice hockey and the strongest professional ice hockey league in the world.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) is the formal governing body for international ice hockey, with the IIHF managing international tournaments and maintaining the IIHF World Ranking.", "Ice hockey in popular culture __knowledge__ Ice hockey, partially because of its popularity as a major professional sport, has been a source of inspiration for numerous films, television episodes and songs in North American popular culture.", "Ice hockey in popular culture __knowledge__ A number of notable Hollywood films have been made about hockey.", "Ice hockey in popular culture __knowledge__ Notable hockey films include \"Slap Shot\"; \"The Mighty Ducks\", successful enough to spawn two sequels, a cartoon series, and an NHL team named the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim (now the Anaheim Ducks); and \"Miracle\".", "Ice hockey in popular culture __knowledge__ The first two are fictional comedies; the last is a drama based on the true story of the 1980 \"Miracle on Ice\" USA Olympic gold medal team.", "Carey Price __knowledge__ Carey Price (born August 16, 1987) is a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who plays for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Carey Price __knowledge__ Beginning his junior career with the Tri-City Americans in the Western Hockey League in 2002, Price was drafted fifth overall by the Montreal Canadiens in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft following his second season with the Tri-City Americans.", "Carey Price __knowledge__ Following a further two seasons with the Americans, where he won both the Del Wilson Trophy as the top goaltender in the Western Hockey League (WHL) and CHL Goaltender of the Year in his final season of major junior in 2007.", "Street hockey __knowledge__ Street hockey (also known as dek hockey, ball hockey, and in some parts of Canada road hockey) is a variation of the sport of ice hockey where the game is played outdoors on foot, or with inline or roller skates using a ball or puck.", "Street hockey __knowledge__ Both ball and puck are typically designed to be played on non-ice surfaces.", "Street hockey __knowledge__ The object of the game is to score more goals than the opposing team by shooting the ball or puck into the opposing team's net.", "Street hockey __knowledge__ Street hockey in pickup form is generally played under the following guidelines, since there are no \"official rules\" for local pickup hockey: In its most pure form, street hockey is always played on an outdoor surface (very often a street, parking lot, tennis court or other asphalt surface), thus the genesis of the name street hockey.", "Monkstown Hockey Club __knowledge__ Monkstown Hockey Club ('town; Irish \"Cumann Haca Baile na Manach\") established in 1894 is one of the oldest in Ireland located at Rathdown School in Dun Laoghaire, County Dublin.", "Monkstown Hockey Club __knowledge__ The club has both men's and ladies' sections.", "Monkstown Hockey Club __knowledge__ In 2016, the club merged with Hermes Ladies' Hockey Club.", "Monkstown Hockey Club __knowledge__ The concept and formation of the club came from Mr C. P. Ball and Mr H. S. Findlater.", "Monkstown Hockey Club __knowledge__ In response to circulars sent out by them a meeting was held in Kenny's Hotel, Kingstown (now Dun Laoghaire), on 17 September 1894.", "Monkstown Hockey Club __knowledge__ Robert Rice chaired the meeting and in addition to the above named the following also attended: L. G. Barrett, J. W. Ball, W. B. Mitchell, J. D. Freeman, J. W. Galloway, R. G. Boughton, F. Burke, E. C. Wright, F. O. Norwood, C. Barker, C. McCullagh, F. Irwin, W. M. McBlaine, H. Pim, and W. Mercer.", "Ottawa Senators (original) __knowledge__ The Ottawa Senators were an ice hockey team based in Ottawa, Canada which existed from 1883 to 1954.", "Ottawa Senators (original) __knowledge__ The club was the first hockey club in Ontario, a founding member of the National Hockey League (NHL) and played in the NHL from 1917 until 1934.", "Ottawa Senators (original) __knowledge__ The club, which was officially the Ottawa Hockey Club (Ottawa HC), was known by several nicknames, including the \"Generals\" in the 1890s, the \"Silver Seven\" from 1903 to 1907 and the \"Senators\" dating from 1908.", "Ottawa Senators (original) __knowledge__ Generally acknowledged by hockey historians as one of the greatest teams of the early days of the sport, the club won numerous championships, starting with the 1891 to 1893 Ontario championships.", "The Million Dollar Goal __knowledge__ The Million Dollar Goal is a children's sports novel by American author Dan Gutman, first published by Hyperion Books for Children in 2003.", "The Million Dollar Goal __knowledge__ It is part of the Million Dollar series, in which different sports have a competition involving a million dollar reward.", "The Million Dollar Goal __knowledge__ In this book, the sport is ice hockey.", "The Million Dollar Goal __knowledge__ Twins Dawn and Dusk Rosenberg love hockey, and have been playing hockey since they were in the mighty mite league.", "The Million Dollar Goal __knowledge__ They live outside Montreal, and their dad does not have much of a connection to hockey than to baseball.", "The Million Dollar Goal __knowledge__ Mr. Rosenberg would never buy hockey gear for Dawn or Dusk, and makes them pay with their own money." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical, with teams usually consisting of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is most popular in Canada, central and eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia and the United States.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, and enjoys immense popularity; alongside Canada, ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and Switzerland.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ North America's National Hockey League (NHL) is the highest level for men's ice hockey and the strongest professional ice hockey league in the world.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) is the formal governing body for international ice hockey, with the IIHF managing international tournaments and maintaining the IIHF World Ranking.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Guess (styled as GUESS or Guess?)", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ is an American clothing brand and retailer.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ In addition to clothing for both men and women, Guess markets other fashion accessories such as watches, jewelry, perfumes, and shoes.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Guess began in 1981 as a book of styles by Georges Marciano.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Maurice, Georges brother, was first sought by Georges to help with product development.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Armand and Paul, also Georges' brothers, were in charge of distribution and advertising, respectively.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Armand ran distribution.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Paul created the advertising, all of it in-house.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Georges designed the clothes, burnishing Guess' signature style: stonewashed denim, lighter in color, softer and more form-fitting than the competitors.", "Probe Audio __knowledge__ Probe Audio (Sound Check) is the debut solo album from Romanian rapper Guess Who.", "Probe Audio __knowledge__ It was produced by Agresiv, Sez and other producers and released April 25, 2009 by Okapi Sound in Romania.", "Probe Audio __knowledge__ It was re-released as \"Locul Potrivit/Probe Audio\" by Cat Music on December 8, 2009 in Romania including three new tracks and a remix and remains one of the most critically acclaimed hip hop albums in Romania.", "Probe Audio __knowledge__ After departing from Paraziţii's 20 CM Records in 2007 and taking a break from recording with his own group, Anonim, Guess Who immediately moved on to record his own album.", "Probe Audio __knowledge__ Teaming up with Agresiv, a duo of Bucharest-based producers, he started working extensively on new tracks with a rather unconventional approach.", "The Guess Who __knowledge__ The Guess Who are a Canadian rock band, formed in Winnipeg in 1965.", "The Guess Who __knowledge__ Initially gaining recognition in Canada, the group found international success from the late 1960s through the mid-1970s with many hit singles, including \"No Time\", \"American Woman\", \"Laughing\", \"These Eyes\", \"Undun\" and \"Share the Land\".", "The Guess Who __knowledge__ The band have continued to perform and record to the present day; and at various times have included many well-known musicians, including Burton Cummings and Randy Bachman (of Bachman–Turner Overdrive).", "The Guess Who __knowledge__ Formed as a garage rock band, their musical style encompassed the pop rock and psychedelic rock genres.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Pricing games are featured on the current version of the American game show The Price Is Right.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ The contestant from Contestants' Row who bids closest to the price of a prize without going over wins the prize and has the chance to win additional prizes or cash in an onstage game.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ After the pricing game ends, a new contestant is selected for Contestants' Row and the process is repeated.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Six pricing games are played on each hour-long episode.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Prior to expanding to one hour in length, three games per episode were played during the half-hour format.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ With the exception of a single game from early in the show's history, only one contestant at a time is involved in a pricing game.", "Gillian Guess __knowledge__ Gillian Guess (born 1955) is a Vancouver woman who was convicted in 1998 of obstruction of justice after becoming romantically involved with a murder defendant while she was a juror in his 1995 trial.", "Gillian Guess __knowledge__ Her case became significant because it set legal precedents in four areas of Canadian Law: it was the first case where a juror had sexual relations with a murder defendant during his trial; the only case where a juror has faced criminal sanction for the decision they have made; the only case in Canadian law where jury room discussions were made part of the public record.", "Gillian Guess __knowledge__ Regarding the sanctity of juror deliberations up until Guess was arrested, there was no law in Canada that made her actions illegal and more over, the procedures used in her trial may have violated Guess' rights under the Canadian Charter.", "Guessing __knowledge__ A guess (or an act of guessing) is a swift conclusion drawn from data directly at hand, and held as probable or tentative, while the person making the guess (the guesser) admittedly lacks material for a greater degree of certainty.", "Guessing __knowledge__ A guess is also an unstable answer, as it is \"always putative, fallible, open to further revision and interpretation, and validated against the horizon of possible meanings by showing that one interpretation is more probable than another in light of what we already know\".", "Guessing __knowledge__ In many of its uses, \"the meaning of guessing is assumed as implicitly understood\", and the term is therefore often used without being meticulously defined.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Sports in the United States are an important part of the country's culture.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Based on revenue, the four major professional sports leagues in the United States are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Major League Soccer is sometimes included in a \"top five\" of leagues of the country.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ All four enjoy wide-ranging domestic media coverage and are considered the preeminent leagues in their respective sports in the world, although only basketball, baseball, and ice hockey have substantial followings in other nations.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ India is home to a diverse population playing many different sports across the country.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Football is a popular sport in some of the Indian states.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ India has won all the Kabaddi World Cups to date.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ The country has won eight Olympic gold medals in field hockey.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ However, cricket is the most popular sport in India.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Kabaddi, an indigenous sport is popular in rural India.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Several games originated in India including chess, snooker and other regional games.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ India has won medals in badminton, kabaddi, hockey and many other sports and disciplines.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Recently, different forms of martial arts have also gained a lot of prominence in India.", "Sport in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The United Kingdom has given birth to a range of major international sports including: association football, rugby (union and league), cricket, netball, darts, golf, tennis, table tennis, badminton, squash, bowls, modern rowing, hockey, boxing, snooker, billiards, and curling.", "Sport in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ This has meant that in the infancy of many sports, England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland formed among the earliest separate governing bodies, national teams and domestic league competitions.", "Sport in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ After 1922 some sports formed separate bodies for Northern Ireland though some continued to be organised on an all-Ireland basis.", "Sport in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ In a small number of sports, these teams are supplemented by high-profile events featuring a combined team representing one or more nations.", "Water polo __knowledge__ Water polo is a competitive team sport played in the water between two teams.", "Water polo __knowledge__ The game consists of four quarters, usually of eight minutes, in which the two teams attempt to score goals and throw the ball into their opponent's goal.", "Water polo __knowledge__ The team with the most goals at the end of the game wins the match.", "Water polo __knowledge__ Each team made up of six field players and one goalkeeper.", "Water polo __knowledge__ Except for the goalkeeper, players participate in both offensive and defensive roles.", "Water polo __knowledge__ Water polo is typically played in an all-deep pool seven feet (or two meters) deep.", "Water polo __knowledge__ Special equipment for water polo includes a water polo ball, which floats on the water; numbered and coloured caps; and two goals, which either float in the water or are attached to the side of the pool.", "Rugby union __knowledge__ Rugby union, commonly known in most of the world as rugby, is a contact team sport which originated in England in the first half of the 19th century.", "Rugby union __knowledge__ One of the two codes of rugby football, it is based on running with the ball in hand.", "Rugby union __knowledge__ In its most common form, a game is between two teams of 15 players using an oval-shaped ball on a rectangular field with H-shaped goalposts on each try line.", "Rugby union __knowledge__ Rugby union is a popular sport around the world, played by male and female players of all ages.", "Rugby union __knowledge__ In 2014, there were more than 6 million people playing worldwide, of whom 2.36 million were registered players.", "Flying disc games __knowledge__ Flying disc games are games played with discs, often called by the trademarked name Frisbees.", "Flying disc games __knowledge__ Ultimate and disc golf are sports with substantial international followings.", "Flying disc games __knowledge__ The flying disc was developed in 1948 by Walter Morrison.", "Flying disc games __knowledge__ In 1957 January 13, Wham-O bought the rights to the invention and released it later under the trademarked name Frisbee.", "Flying disc games __knowledge__ Although playing catch with discs as a pastime and proto-golf games are documented from the early 1900s, and doubtlessly has occurred from time to time before, disc sports began to flower in the late 1960s.", "Flying disc games __knowledge__ As numbers of young people became alienated from social norms, they resisted and looked for alternative recreational activities, including that of throwing a frisbee." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical, with teams usually consisting of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is most popular in Canada, central and eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia and the United States.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, and enjoys immense popularity; alongside Canada, ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and Switzerland.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ North America's National Hockey League (NHL) is the highest level for men's ice hockey and the strongest professional ice hockey league in the world.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) is the formal governing body for international ice hockey, with the IIHF managing international tournaments and maintaining the IIHF World Ranking.", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ Yep Roc Records is an American independent record label based in Hillsborough, North Carolina, and owned by Redeye Distribution.", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ Since 1997, the label has released albums from North Carolina and international artists, including Aoife O'Donovan, Chatham County Line, Dave Alvin, Gang of Four, Los Straitjackets, Nick Lowe, Paul Weller, Robyn Hitchcock, Ryan Adams, The Apples in Stereo, The Reverend Horton Heat, Mandolin Orange, and Tift Merritt.", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ Tor Hansen started the label in 1997, two years after moving to North Carolina to help manage a chain of record stores in the South.", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ In and around the musical hotbed of Chapel Hill, he encountered bands making good music but not really knowing how to get it out.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ Laurence Michael Yep (; born June 14, 1948) is a prolific Chinese-American writer, best known for children's books.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ In 2005, he received the biennial Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal for his career contribution to American children's literature.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ Yep was born in San Francisco to Yep Gim Lew (Thomas) and Franche.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ His older brother, Thomas, named him after studying a particular saint in a multicultural neighborhood that consisted of mostly African Americans.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ Growing up, he often felt torn between U.S. and Chinese culture, and expressed this in many of his books.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ A great deal of his work involves characters feeling alienated or not fitting into their surroundings and environment, something Yep has struggled with since childhood.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ \"Where It's At (Yep, Yep)\" (also known as \"Where It's At\" in its short title) is a song recorded by American country music artist Dustin Lynch.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ It was released in March 2014 as the first single from his second studio album.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ The album, \"Where It's At\", was released on September 9, 2014.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ The song was written by Cary Barlowe, Zach Crowell and Matt Jenkins.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ The song garnered positive reviews from critics who praised its upbeat instrumentals and Lynch's vocal performance.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ \"Where It's At (Yep Yep)\" was Lynch's first number-one single on the \"Billboard\" Country Airplay chart.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ It also charted at numbers 4 and 42 on both the Hot Country Songs and Hot 100 charts respectively.", "Dragon (fantasy series) __knowledge__ The Dragon series is a tetralogy of fantasy novels by Chinese American author Laurence Yep.", "Dragon (fantasy series) __knowledge__ Yep had already written several books including the Newbery Honor novel \"Dragonwings\" by 1980, when, after undertaking careful research, he decided to adapt Chinese mythology into a fantasy form, something he had always wanted to do since he had sold his first science fiction story at 18.", "Dragon (fantasy series) __knowledge__ He \"tried to stay true to the spirit\" of these myths, but did not try \"to keep their exact details\".", "Dragon (fantasy series) __knowledge__ The \"perfect vehicle\" he chose was a folktale in which the Monkey King captured a river spirit who had flooded an entire city, which he at first tried to conceive in picture book form.", "The Mayflies USA __knowledge__ The Mayflies USA are a Chapel Hill, North Carolina-based power pop rock band signed to Yep Roc Records.", "The Mayflies USA __knowledge__ The band is a classic example of power pop, as their songs featured catchy melodies, vocal harmonies, and prominent guitar riffs.", "The Mayflies USA __knowledge__ Their style was influenced by older bands such as The Beatles, Big Star, and also more contemporary groups like Teenage Fanclub and Velvet Crush.", "The Mayflies USA __knowledge__ The band released their debut EP in 1997, and their next three albums were released by Yep Roc.", "The Mayflies USA __knowledge__ North Carolina producer Chris Stamey (formerly of The dB's, and credited by the band as the \"fifth\" Mayfly) produced their first two records for Yep Roc, \"Summertown\" and \"The Pity List\".", "Robbie Fulks __knowledge__ Robert \"Robbie\" Fulks (born March 25, 1963) is an American alternative country singer-songwriter, instrumentalist and long-time Chicago, Illinois resident.", "Robbie Fulks __knowledge__ He has released 13 albums over a career spanning more than 30 years.", "Robbie Fulks __knowledge__ His most recent record, \"Upland Stories,\" was nominated for a Grammy for Best Folk Album and the song “Alabama at Night,” was nominated for a Grammy for Best American Roots Song.", "Robbie Fulks __knowledge__ Fulks was born in York, Pennsylvania, the son of a school teacher father.", "Robbie Fulks __knowledge__ He grew up small towns in southeastern Pennsylvania, the Blue Ridge Mountains area of Virginia, and the Piedmont region of North Carolina.", "Nick Lowe __knowledge__ Nicholas Drain Lowe (born 24 March 1949), known as Nick Lowe, is an English singer-songwriter, musician, and producer.", "Nick Lowe __knowledge__ A noted figure in UK pub rock, power pop and new wave, Lowe has recorded a string of well-reviewed solo albums.", "Nick Lowe __knowledge__ Along with vocals, Lowe plays guitar, bass guitar, piano and harmonica.", "Nick Lowe __knowledge__ He is best known for his songs \"Cruel to Be Kind\" (a US Top 40 single) and \"I Love the Sound of Breaking Glass\" (a top 10 UK hit), as well as his production work with Elvis Costello, Graham Parker, and others.", "Nick Lowe __knowledge__ Lowe also wrote \"(What's So Funny 'Bout) Peace, Love, and Understanding\", a hit for Costello.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ Roller in-line hockey is a team sport played on a wood, asphalt, cement or sport tile surface, in which players use a hockey stick to shoot a hard plastic hockey puck into their opponent's goal to score points.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ It is considered a contact sport but body checking is prohibited.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ However, there are exceptions to that with the NRHL which involves fighting.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ Inline hockey teams are composed of up to four lines of players including two forwards and two defensemen on each line.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ There are five players including the goalie from each team on the rink at a time.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ It is the goalie's job to prevent the other team's players from scoring.", "Miracle on Manchester __knowledge__ The Miracle on Manchester is the nickname given to a National Hockey League (NHL) playoff game between the Los Angeles Kings and Edmonton Oilers that took place on April 10, 1982 in the league's 65th season.", "Miracle on Manchester __knowledge__ The game, the third in a best-of-five postseason series, was played at The Forum, the Kings' home arena at the time, which was situated on Manchester Boulevard (hence the nickname) in the Los Angeles suburb of Inglewood.", "Miracle on Manchester __knowledge__ The Kings completed the largest comeback in NHL playoff history, going from being down 5-0 to win the game 6-5 in overtime.", "Miracle on Manchester __knowledge__ Combined with upset wins in Games 1 and 5, the Kings eliminated the heavily favored Wayne Gretzky-led Oilers in a 3-2 series victory to reach the second round.", "Bandy __knowledge__ Bandy is a team winter sport played on ice, in which skaters use sticks to direct a ball into the opposing team's goal.", "Bandy __knowledge__ Based on the number of participating athletes, bandy is the world's second most popular winter sport after ice hockey.", "Bandy __knowledge__ Bandy is also the number two winter sport in tickets sold per day of competitions at the sport's world championship compared to the other winter sports.", "Bandy __knowledge__ The sport is considered a form of hockey and has a common background with association football, ice hockey and field hockey.", "Bandy __knowledge__ Like football, the game is normally played in halves of 45 minutes each, there are eleven players on each team, and the bandy field is about the same size as a football pitch.", "Tool use by animals __knowledge__ Tools are used by animals for purposes including acquiring food and water, grooming, defense, recreation or construction.", "Tool use by animals __knowledge__ Originally thought to be a skill only possessed by humans, some tool use requires a sophisticated level of cognition.", "Tool use by animals __knowledge__ There is considerable discussion about the definition of what constitutes a tool and therefore which behaviours can be considered as true examples of tool use.", "Tool use by animals __knowledge__ A wide range of animals are considered to use tools including mammals, birds, fish, cephalopods and insects.", "Tool use by animals __knowledge__ Primates are well known for using tools for hunting or gathering food and water, cover for rain, and self-defence.", "National Hockey League rules __knowledge__ The National Hockey League rules are the rules governing the play of the National Hockey League (NHL), a professional ice hockey organization.", "National Hockey League rules __knowledge__ Infractions of the rules, such as offside and icing, lead to a stoppage of play and subsequent to the offending teams.", "National Hockey League rules __knowledge__ The league also determines the specifications for playing equipment used in its games.", "National Hockey League rules __knowledge__ The rules are one of the two standard sets of ice hockey rules in the world.", "National Hockey League rules __knowledge__ The rules themselves have evolved directly from the first organized indoor ice hockey game in Montreal in 1875, updated by subsequent leagues up to 1917, when the league adopted the existing National Hockey Association set of rules.", "Face-off __knowledge__ A face-off is the method used to begin and restart play after goals in some sports using sticks, primarily ice hockey, bandy and lacrosse.", "Face-off __knowledge__ The two teams line up in opposition to each other, and the opposing players attempt to gain control of the puck or ball after it is dropped or otherwise placed between their sticks by an official.", "Face-off __knowledge__ Hockey face-offs are generally handled by centres, although some wingers handle face-offs and, very rarely, defensemen.", "Face-off __knowledge__ One of the referees drops the puck at centre ice to start each period and following the scoring of a goal.", "Face-off __knowledge__ The linesmen are responsible for all other face-offs." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical, with teams usually consisting of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is most popular in Canada, central and eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia and the United States.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, and enjoys immense popularity; alongside Canada, ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and Switzerland.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ North America's National Hockey League (NHL) is the highest level for men's ice hockey and the strongest professional ice hockey league in the world.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) is the formal governing body for international ice hockey, with the IIHF managing international tournaments and maintaining the IIHF World Ranking.", "Get Hurt (album) __knowledge__ Get Hurt is the fifth studio album by American rock band The Gaslight Anthem, released in the UK on August 11, 2014, through Virgin EMI, and in the United States on August 12, 2014, through Island Records.", "Get Hurt (album) __knowledge__ It marks their first album on Island Records, which absorbed the band and its previous label, Mercury Records.", "Get Hurt (album) __knowledge__ Produced by Mike Crossey and inspired by vocalist and guitarist Brian Fallon's divorce from his wife of ten years, the band was influenced by artists whose albums represented \"career shifts\".", "Get Hurt (album) __knowledge__ The band announced on July 4, 2013, via their Tumblr site, that they were \"Working on new songs for a new Gaslight Anthem album in 2014.\"", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" is an American comedy-drama series that aired on ABC (American Broadcasting Company).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ It focuses on the residents living on the fictional Wisteria Lane as narrated by their deceased neighbor, Mary Alice Young (Brenda Strong).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ Specifically, the series follows four protagonists and Mary Alice's friends, Susan Mayer (Teri Hatcher), Lynette Scavo (Felicity Huffman), Bree Van de Kamp (Marcia Cross), and Gabrielle Solis (Eva Longoria).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" features an ensemble cast, which also includes the women's husbands, children, love interests, neighbors, and other acquaintances.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "List of Skulduggery Pleasant characters __knowledge__ This list comprises information on characters who exist in the following fantasy novels: The \"Skulduggery Pleasant books\" are written by Derek Landy.", "List of Skulduggery Pleasant characters __knowledge__ The premise of the novel is that magic is real and those with the ability to wield it live among us.", "List of Skulduggery Pleasant characters __knowledge__ Magic is split into many \"Schools\" or disciplines, the two main groups being Elemental (which concentrate on magic involving the classical elements of fire, earth, air and water) and Adepts (which is split into many other disciplines, some more obscure than others, examples being Sensitives (similar to traditional psychics or mediums), Teleporters, Shape-shifters, Necromancers etc.).", "List of Shameless (U.S. TV series) characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the fictional characters appearing in the American comedy-drama television series \"Shameless\", created by Paul Abbott.", "List of Shameless (U.S. TV series) characters __knowledge__ The series was first broadcast on January 9, 2011 on the Showtime network.", "List of Shameless (U.S. TV series) characters __knowledge__ It is based on the UK series of the same name.", "List of Shameless (U.S. TV series) characters __knowledge__ \"Shameless\" is set in Chicago's South Side.", "List of Shameless (U.S. TV series) characters __knowledge__ It tells the story of an alcoholic father, Frank Gallagher and his six children, who strive to take care of each other and create better lives despite Frank's poor influence.", "List of Shameless (U.S. TV series) characters __knowledge__ Abbott grew up in a family in the United Kingdom much like that portrayed in the UK series \"Shameless\".", "List of Shameless (U.S. TV series) characters __knowledge__ Vernon Francis \"Frank\" Gallagher (William H. Macy) is the father of six children.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "2013 Penn State Nittany Lions football team __knowledge__ The 2013 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented Pennsylvania State University in the 2013 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2013 Penn State Nittany Lions football team __knowledge__ The team was coached by Bill O'Brien and played its home games in Beaver Stadium in University Park, Pennsylvania.", "2013 Penn State Nittany Lions football team __knowledge__ They were a member of the Big Ten Conference and its Leaders Division.", "2013 Penn State Nittany Lions football team __knowledge__ Penn State was ineligible to play in a bowl game for the 2013 season, the second season of a four-year ban, due to NCAA sanctions imposed in the wake of the Penn State child sex abuse scandal.", "2013 Penn State Nittany Lions football team __knowledge__ Before the season, Penn State had an open competition to win the starting quarterback position; true freshman Christian Hackenberg won and started all 12 games for the Nittany Lions.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ The BBC Television Shakespeare is a series of British television adaptations of the plays of William Shakespeare, created by Cedric Messina and broadcast by BBC Television.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Transmitted in the UK from 3 December 1978 to 27 April 1985, the series spanned seven seasons and thirty-seven episodes.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Development began in 1975 when Messina saw that the grounds of Glamis Castle would make a perfect location for an adaptation of Shakespeare's \"As You Like It\" for the \"Play of the Month\" series.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Upon returning to London, however, he had come to envision an entire series devoted exclusively to the dramatic works of Shakespeare.", "Puncture Wounds __knowledge__ Puncture Wounds (produced and released internationally as A Certain Justice) is a 2014 American action film directed by Giorgio Serafini and James Coyne, and starring Cung Le, Dolph Lundgren, Vinnie Jones, and Briana Evigan.", "Puncture Wounds __knowledge__ The film follows John Nguyen, a war veteran suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder.", "Puncture Wounds __knowledge__ After he rescues a prostitute, Hollis, a local crime lord, marks them for death.", "Puncture Wounds __knowledge__ It was released direct to video in the United States on March 11, 2014, followed by a limited release in other countries.", "Puncture Wounds __knowledge__ John Nguyen is a veteran suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder.", "Puncture Wounds __knowledge__ Despite his status as a war hero, he's had difficulty adjusting to civilian life.", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. __knowledge__ Floyd Joy Mayweather Jr. (born Floyd Joy Sinclair; February 24, 1977) is an American professional boxing promoter and former professional boxer.", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. __knowledge__ He competed from 1996 to 2007 and 2009 to 2015, and made a one-fight comeback in 2017.", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. __knowledge__ During his career, he held multiple world titles in five weight classes and the lineal championship in four weight classes (twice at welterweight), and retired with an undefeated record of 50–0, surpassing Rocky Marciano's record of 49–0.", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. __knowledge__ As an amateur, Mayweather won a bronze medal in the featherweight division at the 1996 Olympics, three U.S. Golden Gloves championships (at light flyweight, flyweight, and featherweight), and the U.S. national championship at featherweight.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ Roller in-line hockey is a team sport played on a wood, asphalt, cement or sport tile surface, in which players use a hockey stick to shoot a hard plastic hockey puck into their opponent's goal to score points.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ It is considered a contact sport but body checking is prohibited.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ However, there are exceptions to that with the NRHL which involves fighting.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ Inline hockey teams are composed of up to four lines of players including two forwards and two defensemen on each line.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ There are five players including the goalie from each team on the rink at a time.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ It is the goalie's job to prevent the other team's players from scoring.", "Underwater ice hockey __knowledge__ Underwater Ice Hockey (also called Sub-aqua Ice Hockey) is a minor extreme sport that is a variant of Ice Hockey.", "Underwater ice hockey __knowledge__ It is played upside-down underneath frozen pools or ponds.", "Underwater ice hockey __knowledge__ Participants wear diving masks, fins and wetsuits and use the underside of the frozen surface as the playing area for a floating puck.", "Underwater ice hockey __knowledge__ Competitors do not use any breathing apparatuses, but instead surface for air every 30 seconds or so.", "Underwater ice hockey __knowledge__ It is not to be confused with Underwater Hockey, in which the floor of a swimming pool and a sinking puck are used.", "Underwater ice hockey __knowledge__ The idea for the sport is attributed to Christian Redl, an Austrian freediver who is notable for various world free-diving depth records under ice." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical, with teams usually consisting of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is most popular in Canada, central and eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia and the United States.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, and enjoys immense popularity; alongside Canada, ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and Switzerland.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ North America's National Hockey League (NHL) is the highest level for men's ice hockey and the strongest professional ice hockey league in the world.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) is the formal governing body for international ice hockey, with the IIHF managing international tournaments and maintaining the IIHF World Ranking.", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ Lucky Spencer is a fictional character from the ABC Daytime soap opera, \"General Hospital\".", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ He is the son of legendary supercouple, Luke and Laura Spencer, played by Anthony Geary and Genie Francis.", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ His birth having been announced on-screen in 1985, a ten-year-old Lucky was cast in 1993, played by newcomer at the time, Jonathan Jackson.", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ Jackson left the series in 1999, and the character was played by Jacob Young and later Greg Vaughan, who was let go in 2009 to allow Jackson to reprise the role.", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ Lucky's characterization changed throughout the different portrayers; originally a street-smart con artist, Lucky develops an edge during Young's tenure and more drastically changes during Vaughan's portrayal, as Lucky becomes a struggling police officer.", "Buchans __knowledge__ Buchans is a town located in the central part of the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador.", "Buchans __knowledge__ It is situated on the northwest shore of Red Indian Lake on the Buchans River.", "Buchans __knowledge__ The town is located within the statistical unit of Census Division No.", "Buchans __knowledge__ 6, approximately 72 kilometres southwest of the Trans-Canada Highway at the terminus of Route 370.", "Buchans __knowledge__ According to Statistics Canada, it had a population of 696 in 2011, with 351 private dwellings.", "Buchans __knowledge__ Its current mayor is Derm Corbett.", "Buchans __knowledge__ In 1905 the Anglo-Newfoundland Development Company (AND) was granted mineral rights to of central Newfoundland for 99 years; any commercial mining would result in payment of a 5% royalty to the Dominion of Newfoundland.", "Russian culture __knowledge__ Russian culture has a long history.", "Russian culture __knowledge__ Russia can claim a long tradition of dividend in many aspects of the arts, especially when it comes to literature and philosophy, classical music and ballet, architecture and painting, cinema and animation and politics, which all had considerable influence on world culture.", "Russian culture __knowledge__ The country also has a flavorful material culture and a tradition in technology.", "Russian culture __knowledge__ Russian culture grew from that of the East Slavs, with their pagan beliefs and specific way of life in the wooded areas of far Eastern Europe.", "Russian culture __knowledge__ Early Russian culture was much influenced by neighbouring Finno-Ugric tribes and by the nomadic peoples of the Pontic steppe (mainly of Kipchak and Iranic origin).", "Lucky Spencer and Elizabeth Webber __knowledge__ Lucas Lorenzo \"Lucky\" Spencer Jr. and Elizabeth Imogene Webber are fictional characters and a supercouple from the ABC Daytime soap opera, \"General Hospital\".", "Lucky Spencer and Elizabeth Webber __knowledge__ Lucky Spencer is the son legendary supercouple, Luke and Laura, played by Anthony Geary and Genie Francis.", "Lucky Spencer and Elizabeth Webber __knowledge__ Elizabeth Webber is the granddaughter of original \"General Hospital\" character, Steve Hardy (John Beradino), and long-time character Audrey March Hardy (Rachel Ames).", "Lucky Spencer and Elizabeth Webber __knowledge__ Lucky was originated by Jonathan Jackson in 1993, who continued to play the role when Rebecca Herbst originated Elizabeth in 1997.", "Lucky Spencer and Elizabeth Webber __knowledge__ Jackson left the series in 1999, and Lucky was played by Jacob Young and later Greg Vaughan, who was let go in 2009 to allow Jackson to reprise the role.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Sports in the United States are an important part of the country's culture.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Based on revenue, the four major professional sports leagues in the United States are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Major League Soccer is sometimes included in a \"top five\" of leagues of the country.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ All four enjoy wide-ranging domestic media coverage and are considered the preeminent leagues in their respective sports in the world, although only basketball, baseball, and ice hockey have substantial followings in other nations.", "Lucky Lager __knowledge__ Lucky Lager is an American lager with U.S. brewing and distribution rights held by the Pabst Brewing Company, and Canadian brand ownership held by Labatt Brewing, which is now part of AB Inbev.", "Lucky Lager __knowledge__ Originally launched in 1934 by the San Francisco-based General Brewing Company, Lucky Lager grew to be one of the prominent beers of the West during the 1950s and 1960s.", "Lucky Lager __knowledge__ The General Brewing Company was founded in San Francisco, California by Eugene Selvage (who would remain owner and CEO until 1961).", "Lucky Lager __knowledge__ [1][2][3] Eugene teamed up with Paul C. von Gontard, a grandson of Aldophus Busch, and German brewmaster Julius Kerber, to launch a state of the art brewery that could brew beer that rivaled those made in Europe.", "Maple Leaf Gardens __knowledge__ Maple Leaf Gardens is a historic building located at the northwest corner of Carlton Street and Church Street in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.", "Maple Leaf Gardens __knowledge__ The building was initially constructed as an arena to host ice hockey games, but has since been reconstructed for other uses.", "Maple Leaf Gardens __knowledge__ Today Maple Leaf Gardens is a multi-purpose facility, with Loblaws occupying retail space on the lower floors and an arena for Toronto's Ryerson University, known as Mattamy Athletic Centre at the Gardens, occupying another level.", "Maple Leaf Gardens __knowledge__ Considered one of the \"cathedrals\" of ice hockey, it was home to the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League from 1931 to 1999.", "Sports in Canada __knowledge__ Sports in Canada consist of a wide variety of games.", "Sports in Canada __knowledge__ The most common sports are ice hockey, lacrosse, football, soccer, basketball, curling and baseball, with ice hockey and lacrosse being the official winter and summer sports, respectively.", "Sports in Canada __knowledge__ Ice hockey, referred to as simply \"hockey\", is Canada's most prevalent winter sport, its most popular spectator sport, and its most successful sport in international competition.", "Sports in Canada __knowledge__ It is Canada's official national winter sport.", "Sports in Canada __knowledge__ Lacrosse, a sport with Indigenous origins, is Canada's oldest and official summer sport.", "Sports in Canada __knowledge__ Canadian football is Canada's second most popular spectator sport, being the most popular in the prairie provinces.", "Bandy __knowledge__ Bandy is a team winter sport played on ice, in which skaters use sticks to direct a ball into the opposing team's goal.", "Bandy __knowledge__ Based on the number of participating athletes, bandy is the world's second most popular winter sport after ice hockey.", "Bandy __knowledge__ Bandy is also the number two winter sport in tickets sold per day of competitions at the sport's world championship compared to the other winter sports.", "Bandy __knowledge__ The sport is considered a form of hockey and has a common background with association football, ice hockey and field hockey.", "Bandy __knowledge__ Like football, the game is normally played in halves of 45 minutes each, there are eleven players on each team, and the bandy field is about the same size as a football pitch.", "History of Canadian sports __knowledge__ The History of Canadian sports falls into five stages of development: early recreational activities before 1840; the start of organized competition, 1840-1880; the emergence of national organizations, 1882-1914; the rapid growth of both amateur and professional sports, 1914 to 1960; and developments of the last half-century.", "History of Canadian sports __knowledge__ Some sports, especially hockey, lacrosse and curling enjoy an international reputation as particularly Canadian.", "History of Canadian sports __knowledge__ Canadian sports attract large numbers of participants and huge audiences; hockey, played by 1.4 million Canadians, has become part of the national identity.", "History of Canadian sports __knowledge__ Team sports often involved informal gambling.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ Ice hockey tournaments have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1920.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ The men's tournament was introduced at the 1920 Summer Olympics and was transferred permanently to the Winter Olympic Games program in 1924, in France.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ The women's tournament was first held at the 1998 Winter Olympics.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ The Olympic Games were originally intended for amateur athletes.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ However, the advent of the state-sponsored \"full-time amateur athlete\" of the Eastern Bloc countries further eroded the ideology of the pure amateur, as it put the self-financed amateurs of the Western countries at a disadvantage.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ The Soviet Union entered teams of athletes who were all nominally students, soldiers, or working in a profession, but many of whom were in reality paid by the state to train on a full-time basis.", "Australia at the Winter Olympics __knowledge__ Australia first competed in the Winter Olympic Games in 1936 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, and has participated in every games since, with the exception of the 1948 Games in St. Moritz.", "Australia at the Winter Olympics __knowledge__ In the early years, Australia's athletes did poorly; only two athletes placed in the top half of their events before 1976, while the vast majority placed in the bottom quarter, including some who finished last.", "Australia at the Winter Olympics __knowledge__ This lack of success was attributed to the Australian culture, climate and lack of snow, as well as the lack of support for the athletes—sports administrators regarded investment in winter sports as futile.", "Australia at the Winter Olympics __knowledge__ After the appointment of Geoff Henke—who had been unable to compete in 1956 after the administrators neglected to endorse his ice hockey team's application—as team manager in 1976, the results slowly began to improve, and by the 1990s, some Australians were regarded as medal prospects.", "Sport in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The United Kingdom has given birth to a range of major international sports including: association football, rugby (union and league), cricket, netball, darts, golf, tennis, table tennis, badminton, squash, bowls, modern rowing, hockey, boxing, snooker, billiards, and curling.", "Sport in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ This has meant that in the infancy of many sports, England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland formed among the earliest separate governing bodies, national teams and domestic league competitions.", "Sport in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ After 1922 some sports formed separate bodies for Northern Ireland though some continued to be organised on an all-Ireland basis.", "Sport in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ In a small number of sports, these teams are supplemented by high-profile events featuring a combined team representing one or more nations." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 2, 4, 5 ]

[ "All I really know about it is its a contact team sport played on ice, ", "So its two teams of skaters using sticks to hit a puck and make goals?", "I know its a fast paced real physical sport and people can get hurt", "In Canada Ice hockey is the official winter sport", "NHL is the strongest ice hockey league in the whole world" ]

[ "Ice hockey", "Ice hockey", "Ice hockey", "Ice hockey", "Ice hockey" ]

[ "Color blindness\ndo you know anyone with colorblindness?", "really interesting. did you witness/experience anything with them that affected their daily living negatively? ", "that's always nice to hear! & I mean...I'm not an expert but I knew a thing or two about it. Why do you bring it up?", "no I haven't. but i've seen videos on youtube and this population is veryyyy forgetful. it's actually alot like alzheimers. they forget things from one day to the next, your brain slowly starts deteriorating and eventually your daily living skills diminish. :/ " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness can make some educational activities difficult.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Buying fruit, picking clothing, and reading traffic lights can be more challenging, for example.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Problems, however, are generally minor and most people adapt.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ People with total color blindness, however, may also have decreased visual acuity and be uncomfortable in bright environments.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ The most common cause of color blindness is an inherited fault in the development of one or more of the three sets of color sensing cones in the eye.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Males are more likely to be color blind than females, as the genes responsible for the most common forms of color blindness are on the X chromosome.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ As females have two X chromosomes, a defect in one is typically compensated for by the other, while males only have one X chromosome.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness can also result from physical or chemical damage to the eye, optic nerve, or parts of the brain.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Diagnosis is typically with the Ishihara color test; however a number of other testing methods also exist.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ There is no cure for color blindness.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Diagnosis may allow a person's teacher to change their method of teaching to accommodate the decreased ability to recognize colors.", "Rhetoric of social intervention model __knowledge__ The \"rhetoric of social intervention\" (RSI) model is a systemic communication theory of how human beings symbolically constitute, maintain, and change social systems (e.g., organizations, societies, and cultures).", "Rhetoric of social intervention model __knowledge__ The RSI model was developed in the writings of communication theorist William R. Brown.", "Rhetoric of social intervention model __knowledge__ The model provides a framework for analyzing and interpreting social system change and its side effects from a communication perspective.", "Rhetoric of social intervention model __knowledge__ It also suggests a methodology for acting as an intervener to encourage and/or discourage social system change.", "Rhetoric of social intervention model __knowledge__ The model offers an alternative approach to understanding social system change by its emphasis on communication as the driver of change in contrast to models that focus on social, political, economic, and technological forces as catalysts for change.", "Memetic (comic) __knowledge__ Memetic is an apocalyptic horror comic book series that was created by James Tynion IV, with art by Eryk Donovan and coloring by Adam Guzowski.", "Memetic (comic) __knowledge__ The series was published monthly by BOOM!", "Memetic (comic) __knowledge__ Studios as three oversized issues, beginning in October 2014.", "Memetic (comic) __knowledge__ In October 2015, BOOM!", "Memetic (comic) __knowledge__ Studios released all three issues, along with extra features from the writer and artist, in trade paperback form.", "Memetic (comic) __knowledge__ Tynion IV came up with the idea for \"Memetic\" in 2012, when he was getting started in the comic book industry and wanted to create something along the lines of the horror genre.", "Memetic (comic) __knowledge__ He describes \"Memetic\" as coming to him “fully formed,” and he further says that the pitch document from two years prior to the comic’s publication looks very much the same as the final product.", "Magical objects in Harry Potter __knowledge__ The following is a list of magical objects used in the \"Harry Potter\" series.", "Magical objects in Harry Potter __knowledge__ In \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\", Hermione Granger creates fake, enchanted Galleons that are used for communication between members of Dumbledore's Army.", "Magical objects in Harry Potter __knowledge__ Like real Galleons, the coins have numerals around the edge; on normal Galleons these serial numbers aren't used the same way the enchanted coins are used, the numbers represent the time and date of the next meeting, and automatically change to match whatever numbers Harry Potter sets on his coin.", "Magical objects in Harry Potter __knowledge__ Due to the coins being infused with a Protean Charm, once Harry Potter alters his, every coin changes to suit.", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. __knowledge__ Floyd Joy Mayweather Jr. (born Floyd Joy Sinclair; February 24, 1977) is an American professional boxing promoter and former professional boxer.", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. __knowledge__ He competed from 1996 to 2007 and 2009 to 2015, and made a one-fight comeback in 2017.", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. __knowledge__ During his career, he held multiple world titles in five weight classes and the lineal championship in four weight classes (twice at welterweight), and retired with an undefeated record of 50–0, surpassing Rocky Marciano's record of 49–0.", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. __knowledge__ As an amateur, Mayweather won a bronze medal in the featherweight division at the 1996 Olympics, three U.S. Golden Gloves championships (at light flyweight, flyweight, and featherweight), and the U.S. national championship at featherweight.", "Bay State (TV series) __knowledge__ Bay State is an ongoing television series broadcast on butv10 on the Boston University campus.", "Bay State (TV series) __knowledge__ Originated in 1991, \"Bay State\" is the longest-running continuously produced student soap opera in the United States.", "Bay State (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is set at the fictional Beacon Hill College and focuses on the sordid lives of the students there.", "Bay State (TV series) __knowledge__ The 150th episode of \"Bay State\" aired in January 2016.", "Bay State (TV series) __knowledge__ \"Bay State\" was created in 1991 by Delaina Dixon and Tom Rotolo, making it the longest-running continuously produced student soap opera in the United States.", "Bay State (TV series) __knowledge__ Dixon was inspired by a 1989 episode of \"48 Hours\" profiling a student soap opera at UCLA called \"University\", which was produced from 1986 to 1990.", "Constitutional colorblindness __knowledge__ Constitutional colorblindness is an aspect of United States Supreme Court case evaluation that began with Justice Harlan's dissent in \"Plessy v. Ferguson \"in 1896.", "Constitutional colorblindness __knowledge__ Prior to this (and for a good while afterwards), the Supreme Court considered color as a determining factor in many landmark cases.", "Constitutional colorblindness __knowledge__ Constitutional colorblindness holds that skin color or race is virtually never a legitimate ground for legal or political distinctions, and thus, any law that is \"color conscious\" is presumptively unconstitutional regardless of whether its intent is to subordinate a group, or remedy discrimination.", "Constitutional colorblindness __knowledge__ The concept, therefore, has been brought to bear both against vestiges of Jim Crow oppression, as well as remedial efforts aimed at overcoming such discrimination, such as affirmative action.", "Neoconservatism and paleoconservatism __knowledge__ This article describes ideological and practical differences between neoconservatism and paleoconservatism, the two branches of the American conservative political movement.", "Neoconservatism and paleoconservatism __knowledge__ Representatives of each faction often argue that the other does not represent true conservatism.", "Neoconservatism and paleoconservatism __knowledge__ Disputed issues include immigration, trade, the United States Constitution, taxation, budget, business, the Federal Reserve, drug policy, foreign aid and the foreign policy of the United States.", "Neoconservatism and paleoconservatism __knowledge__ The phrase \"Paleoconservative\" (\"old conservative\") was originally a tongue-in-cheek rejoinder used in the 1980s to differentiate traditional Conservatives from Neoconservatives and Straussians." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness can make some educational activities difficult.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Buying fruit, picking clothing, and reading traffic lights can be more challenging, for example.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Problems, however, are generally minor and most people adapt.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ People with total color blindness, however, may also have decreased visual acuity and be uncomfortable in bright environments.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ The most common cause of color blindness is an inherited fault in the development of one or more of the three sets of color sensing cones in the eye.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Males are more likely to be color blind than females, as the genes responsible for the most common forms of color blindness are on the X chromosome.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ As females have two X chromosomes, a defect in one is typically compensated for by the other, while males only have one X chromosome.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness can also result from physical or chemical damage to the eye, optic nerve, or parts of the brain.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Diagnosis is typically with the Ishihara color test; however a number of other testing methods also exist.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ There is no cure for color blindness.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Diagnosis may allow a person's teacher to change their method of teaching to accommodate the decreased ability to recognize colors.", "Rural poverty __knowledge__ Rural poverty refers to poverty found in rural areas, including factors of rural society, rural economy, and rural political systems that give rise to the poverty found there.", "Rural poverty __knowledge__ Rural poverty is often discussed in conjunction with spatial inequality, which in this context refers to the inequality between urban and rural areas.", "Rural poverty __knowledge__ Both rural poverty and spatial inequality are global phenomena, but like poverty in general, there are higher rates of rural poverty in developing countries than in developed countries.", "Rural poverty __knowledge__ Eradicating rural poverty through effective policies and economic growth remains a challenge for the international community The first target of the Millennium Development Goals was to decrease the extent of extreme poverty by one-half by the year 2015, which could not be achieved.", "Emily Gilmore __knowledge__ Emily Gilmore is a fictional character who appears in the American comedy-drama television series \"Gilmore Girls\" (2000 – 2007) and its revival \"\" (2016) as the matriarch of the eponymous family.", "Emily Gilmore __knowledge__ Portrayed by actress Kelly Bishop, the character was created by series creator Amy Sherman-Palladino in order to add a tragic element to the show's light-hearted nature.", "Emily Gilmore __knowledge__ Emily has had a complicated relationship with her daughter Lorelai ever since the character runs away at age 17 to raise her newborn daughter Rory on her own.", "Emily Gilmore __knowledge__ They remain estranged for several years until Lorelai asks her parents to help pay for Rory's schooling, to which Emily agrees on the condition that her daughter and granddaughter visit them for dinner every Friday evening.", "Dementia __knowledge__ Dementia is a broad category of brain diseases that cause a long-term and often gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember that is great enough to affect a person's daily functioning.", "Dementia __knowledge__ Other common symptoms include emotional problems, problems with language, and a decrease in motivation.", "Dementia __knowledge__ A person's consciousness is usually not affected.", "Dementia __knowledge__ A dementia diagnosis requires a change from a person's usual mental functioning and a greater decline than one would expect due to aging.", "Dementia __knowledge__ These diseases also have a significant effect on a person's caregivers.", "Dementia __knowledge__ The most common type of dementia is Alzheimer's disease, which makes up 50% to 70% of cases.", "Negative Zone __knowledge__ The Negative Zone is a fictional setting, an antimatter universe appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Negative Zone __knowledge__ The location is depicted in various publications from Marvel, most frequently in \"Fantastic Four\" and \"Captain Marvel\".", "Negative Zone __knowledge__ Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, it first appeared in \"Fantastic Four\" #51 (June 1966).", "Negative Zone __knowledge__ The Negative Zone in the Marvel Comics Universe is used as a fictional dimension.", "Negative Zone __knowledge__ Essentially, it is a universe parallel to Earth's.", "Negative Zone __knowledge__ The two have many similarities, but a few noteworthy differences include: all matter in the Negative Zone is negatively charged; the Negative Zone is entirely filled with a pressurized, breathable atmosphere; and near the center of the Negative Zone is a deadly vortex of unspeakable power.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Hemiparesis __knowledge__ Hemiparesis, or unilateral paresis, is weakness of one entire side of the body (\"hemi-\" means \"half\").", "Hemiparesis __knowledge__ Hemiplegia is, in its most severe form, complete paralysis of half of the body.", "Hemiparesis __knowledge__ Hemiparesis and hemiplegia can be caused by different medical conditions, including congenital causes, trauma, tumors, or stroke.", "Hemiparesis __knowledge__ Depending on the type of hemiparesis diagnosed, different bodily functions can be affected.", "Hemiparesis __knowledge__ Some effects are expected (e.g., partial paralysis of a limb on the affected side).", "Hemiparesis __knowledge__ Other impairments, though, can at first seem completely non-related to the limb weakness but are, in fact, a direct result of the damage to the affected side of the brain.", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ Alzheimer's disease (AD), also referred to simply as Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and worsens over time.", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ It is the cause of 60% to 70% of cases of dementia.", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events (short-term memory loss).", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ As the disease advances, symptoms can include problems with language, disorientation (including easily getting lost), mood swings, loss of motivation, not managing self care, and behavioural issues.", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ As a person's condition declines, they often withdraw from family and society.", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ Gradually, bodily functions are lost, ultimately leading to death.", "Colorblind (Counting Crows song) __knowledge__ \"Colorblind \" is a song by American rock band Counting Crows.", "Colorblind (Counting Crows song) __knowledge__ Written by band members Adam Duritz and Charlie Gillingham for their third album \"This Desert Life\" (1999), production was helmed by Dennis Herring and David Lowery.", "Colorblind (Counting Crows song) __knowledge__ It was prominently featured in the 1999 drama film \"Cruel Intentions\" starring Sarah Michelle Gellar, Ryan Phillippe, Reese Witherspoon, and Selma Blair, and has since been covered by various artists, including Between the Buried and Me, Leona Lewis (for \"\"), and Natalie Walker.", "Colorblind (Counting Crows song) __knowledge__ A choral cover recorded by Scalia & Kolacny Brothers was also featured in the TV series \"Manhattan\" (Season 2, Episode 5, \"\"The World Of Tomorrow\"\").", "Colorblind James Experience __knowledge__ Colorblind James Experience were an alternative roots/pop/rock band founded in 1980 in San Francisco, California.", "Colorblind James Experience __knowledge__ Bandleader and singer/songwriter/guitarist \"Colorblind\" James Charles Cuminale was originally from Rochester, New York but assembled early versions of what would become the Experience in Oswego, New York before relocating to San Francisco.", "Colorblind James Experience __knowledge__ After a couple years of mixed results there, the band regrouped and moved again, this time back to Rochester which remained its home base until Cuminale's premature death in 2001.", "Colorblind James Experience __knowledge__ The band enjoyed brief fame in the UK and Europe after BBC DJ John Peel gave the Experience some exposure, and their music has made a deep and lasting impression.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Georg Fugger __knowledge__ Georg Fugger \"von der Lilie\" (1453–1506) was a German merchant of the Fugger dynasty.", "Georg Fugger __knowledge__ A son of Jakob Fugger the Elder and his wife Barbara Bäsinger (whose sons also included Ulrich and Jakob the Younger), Georg was born and died in Augsburg; it became clear early in life that he would become a merchant.", "Georg Fugger __knowledge__ The \"Ulrich Fugger und seine Gesellschaft\" (Ulrich Fugger and his company) firm was the first general partnership in Europe and soon changed its name to the \"Ulrich Fugger und Gebrüder von Augsburg\" (Ulrich Fugger and Brother of Augsburg) when Georg joined it.", "Georg Fugger __knowledge__ Ulrich headed its headquarters in Augsburg, with Georg heading its Nuremberg branch and Jakob handling international affairs.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Aztez __knowledge__ Aztez is an side-scrolling brawler, turn-based strategy video game by Team Colorblind.", "Aztez __knowledge__ The player fights through areas within the Aztec empire prior to the Spanish invasion.", "Aztez __knowledge__ Team Colorblind, a two-person indie game development team, designed \"Aztez\" to play like an arcade game with the action of \"God of War\" or \"Devil May Cry\".", "Aztez __knowledge__ \"Aztez\" was released on August 1, 2017.", "Aztez __knowledge__ \"Aztez\" is a side-scrolling brawler, turn-based strategy game.", "Aztez __knowledge__ Set 20 years prior to the Spanish invasion, the player fights in areas based on places in the Aztec empire.", "Aztez __knowledge__ Player weapons include a sword, spear, knife, and club.", "Aztez __knowledge__ The game uses a grayscale and blood red color palette similar to that of 2010 action game \"MadWorld\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness can make some educational activities difficult.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Buying fruit, picking clothing, and reading traffic lights can be more challenging, for example.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Problems, however, are generally minor and most people adapt.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ People with total color blindness, however, may also have decreased visual acuity and be uncomfortable in bright environments.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ The most common cause of color blindness is an inherited fault in the development of one or more of the three sets of color sensing cones in the eye.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Males are more likely to be color blind than females, as the genes responsible for the most common forms of color blindness are on the X chromosome.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ As females have two X chromosomes, a defect in one is typically compensated for by the other, while males only have one X chromosome.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness can also result from physical or chemical damage to the eye, optic nerve, or parts of the brain.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Diagnosis is typically with the Ishihara color test; however a number of other testing methods also exist.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ There is no cure for color blindness.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Diagnosis may allow a person's teacher to change their method of teaching to accommodate the decreased ability to recognize colors.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Mishpatim __knowledge__ Mishpatim ( — Hebrew for \"laws,\" the second word of the parashah) is the eighteenth weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the sixth in the Book of Exodus.", "Mishpatim __knowledge__ The parashah sets out a series of laws, which some scholars call the Covenant Code, and reports the people's acceptance of the covenant with God.", "Mishpatim __knowledge__ The parashah constitutes The parashah is made up of 5,313 Hebrew letters, 1,462 Hebrew words, and 118 verses, and can occupy about 185 lines in a Torah scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "Mishpatim __knowledge__ Jews read it the eighteenth Sabbath after Simchat Torah, generally in February or, rarely, in late January.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Dementia __knowledge__ Dementia is a broad category of brain diseases that cause a long-term and often gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember that is great enough to affect a person's daily functioning.", "Dementia __knowledge__ Other common symptoms include emotional problems, problems with language, and a decrease in motivation.", "Dementia __knowledge__ A person's consciousness is usually not affected.", "Dementia __knowledge__ A dementia diagnosis requires a change from a person's usual mental functioning and a greater decline than one would expect due to aging.", "Dementia __knowledge__ These diseases also have a significant effect on a person's caregivers.", "Dementia __knowledge__ The most common type of dementia is Alzheimer's disease, which makes up 50% to 70% of cases.", "Dementia praecox __knowledge__ Dementia praecox (a \"premature dementia\" or \"precocious madness\") is a disused psychiatric diagnosis that originally designated a chronic, deteriorating psychotic disorder characterized by rapid cognitive disintegration, usually beginning in the late teens or early adulthood.", "Dementia praecox __knowledge__ Over the years, the term \"dementia praecox\" was gradually replaced by \"schizophrenia\", which remains in current diagnostic use.", "Dementia praecox __knowledge__ The term \"dementia praecox\" was first used in 1891 by Arnold Pick (1851–1924), a professor of psychiatry at Charles University in Prague.", "Dementia praecox __knowledge__ His brief clinical report described the case of a person with a psychotic disorder resembling hebephrenia.", "Memory disorder __knowledge__ Memory disorders are the result of damage to neuroanatomical structures that hinders the storage, retention and recollection of memories.", "Memory disorder __knowledge__ Memory disorders can be progressive, including Alzheimer's disease, or they can be immediate including disorders resulting from head injury.", "Memory disorder __knowledge__ Agnosia is the inability to recognize certain objects, persons or sounds.", "Memory disorder __knowledge__ Agnosia is typically caused by damage to the brain (most commonly in the occipital or parietal lobes) or from a neurological disorder.", "Memory disorder __knowledge__ Treatments vary depending on the location and cause of the damage.", "Memory disorder __knowledge__ Recovery is possible depending on the severity of the disorder and the severity of the damage to the brain.", "Concussions in American football __knowledge__ Concussions and other types of repetitive play-related head blows in American football have been shown to be the cause of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which has led to player suicides and other debilitating symptoms after retirement, including memory loss, depression, anxiety, headaches, and also sleep disturbances.", "Concussions in American football __knowledge__ The list of ex-NFL players that have either been diagnosed \"post-mortem\" with CTE or have reported symptoms of CTE continues to grow.", "Concussions in American football __knowledge__ A concussion, from the Latin word \"concussio\", is a frequent injury among football players.", "Concussions in American football __knowledge__ Concussions occur when the head is subject to a large impact force, resulting in a minor brain injury.", "Brain __knowledge__ The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.", "Brain __knowledge__ The brain is located in the head, usually close to the sensory organs for senses such as vision.", "Brain __knowledge__ The brain is the most complex organ in a vertebrate's body.", "Brain __knowledge__ In a human, the cerebral cortex contains approximately 15–33 billion neurons, each connected by synapses to several thousand other neurons.", "Brain __knowledge__ These neurons communicate with one another by means of long protoplasmic fibers called axons, which carry trains of signal pulses called action potentials to distant parts of the brain or body targeting specific recipient cells.", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ Alzheimer's disease (AD), also referred to simply as Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and worsens over time.", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ It is the cause of 60% to 70% of cases of dementia.", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events (short-term memory loss).", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ As the disease advances, symptoms can include problems with language, disorientation (including easily getting lost), mood swings, loss of motivation, not managing self care, and behavioural issues.", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ As a person's condition declines, they often withdraw from family and society.", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ Gradually, bodily functions are lost, ultimately leading to death.", "Philippe Pinel __knowledge__ Philippe Pinel (; 20 April 1745 – 25 October 1826) was a French physician who was instrumental in the development of a more humane psychological approach to the custody and care of psychiatric patients, referred to today as moral therapy.", "Philippe Pinel __knowledge__ He also made notable contributions to the classification of mental disorders and has been described by some as \"the father of modern psychiatry\".", "Philippe Pinel __knowledge__ An 1809 description of a case that Pinel recorded in the second edition of his textbook on insanity is regarded as the earliest evidence for the existence of the form of mental disorder known as dementia praecox or schizophrenia in the 20th century by some although Emil Kraepelin is generally accredited with its first conceptualisation." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness can make some educational activities difficult.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Buying fruit, picking clothing, and reading traffic lights can be more challenging, for example.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Problems, however, are generally minor and most people adapt.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ People with total color blindness, however, may also have decreased visual acuity and be uncomfortable in bright environments.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ The most common cause of color blindness is an inherited fault in the development of one or more of the three sets of color sensing cones in the eye.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Males are more likely to be color blind than females, as the genes responsible for the most common forms of color blindness are on the X chromosome.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ As females have two X chromosomes, a defect in one is typically compensated for by the other, while males only have one X chromosome.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness can also result from physical or chemical damage to the eye, optic nerve, or parts of the brain.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Diagnosis is typically with the Ishihara color test; however a number of other testing methods also exist.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ There is no cure for color blindness.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Diagnosis may allow a person's teacher to change their method of teaching to accommodate the decreased ability to recognize colors.", "Dementia __knowledge__ Dementia is a broad category of brain diseases that cause a long-term and often gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember that is great enough to affect a person's daily functioning.", "Dementia __knowledge__ Other common symptoms include emotional problems, problems with language, and a decrease in motivation.", "Dementia __knowledge__ A person's consciousness is usually not affected.", "Dementia __knowledge__ A dementia diagnosis requires a change from a person's usual mental functioning and a greater decline than one would expect due to aging.", "Dementia __knowledge__ These diseases also have a significant effect on a person's caregivers.", "Dementia __knowledge__ The most common type of dementia is Alzheimer's disease, which makes up 50% to 70% of cases.", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ Alzheimer's disease (AD), also referred to simply as Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and worsens over time.", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ It is the cause of 60% to 70% of cases of dementia.", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events (short-term memory loss).", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ As the disease advances, symptoms can include problems with language, disorientation (including easily getting lost), mood swings, loss of motivation, not managing self care, and behavioural issues.", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ As a person's condition declines, they often withdraw from family and society.", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ Gradually, bodily functions are lost, ultimately leading to death.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "YouTube __knowledge__ YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California.", "YouTube __knowledge__ The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion; YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries.", "YouTube __knowledge__ YouTube allows users to upload, view, rate, share, add to favorites, report, comment on videos, and subscribe to other users.", "YouTube __knowledge__ It offers a wide variety of user-generated and corporate media videos.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Available content includes video clips, TV show clips, music videos, short and documentary films, audio recordings, movie trailers, live streams, and other content such as video blogging, short original videos, and educational videos.", "Management of cerebral palsy __knowledge__ Over time, the approach to cerebral palsy management has shifted away from narrow attempts to fix individual physical problems such as spasticity in a particular limb to making such treatments part of a larger goal of maximizing the person's independence and community engagement.", "Management of cerebral palsy __knowledge__ Much of childhood therapy is aimed at improving gait and walking.", "Management of cerebral palsy __knowledge__ Approximately 60% of people with CP are able to walk independently or with aids at adulthood.", "Management of cerebral palsy __knowledge__ However, the evidence base for the effectiveness of intervention programs reflecting the philosophy of independence has not yet caught up: effective interventions for body structures and functions have a strong evidence base, but evidence is lacking for effective interventions targeted toward participation, environment, or personal factors.", "Melbourne IT __knowledge__ Melbourne IT is an Australian Internet company listed on the Australian Securities Exchange ().", "Melbourne IT __knowledge__ The SMB division of Melbourne IT provides Australian small and medium businesses with online marketing solutions.", "Melbourne IT __knowledge__ It has over 450,000 direct customers, provides services to over 700,000 Australian businesses, and generates revenue over $90M.", "Melbourne IT __knowledge__ The SMB business operates under six brands: Melbourne IT, WebCentral, Netregistry, WME, TPP Wholesale, and Domainz.", "Melbourne IT __knowledge__ The Enterprise Services division (ES) of Melbourne IT is the leading end-to-end provider of digital solutions for the corporate and government market with revenues over $70M.", "Diphthong __knowledge__ A diphthong ( or ; from Greek: , \"diphthongos\", literally \"two sounds\" or \"two tones\"), also known as a gliding vowel, is a combination of two adjacent vowel sounds within the same syllable.", "Diphthong __knowledge__ Technically, a diphthong is a vowel with two different targets: that is, the tongue (and/or other parts of the speech apparatus) moves during the pronunciation of the vowel.", "Diphthong __knowledge__ In many dialects of English, the phrase \"no highway cowboys\" has five distinct diphthongs, one in every syllable.", "Diphthong __knowledge__ Diphthongs contrast with monophthongs, where the tongue or other speech organs do not move and the syllable contains only a single vowel sound.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Human nutrition deals with the provision of essential nutrients in food that are necessary to support human life and health.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Generally, people can survive up to 40 days without food, a period largely dependent on the amount of water consumed, stored body fat, muscle mass and genetic factors.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Poor nutrition is a chronic problem often linked to poverty, a poor understanding of nutrition and dietary practices, and deficient sanitation and food security.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Malnutrition and its consequences are large contributors to deaths and disabilities worldwide.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Good nutrition helps children grow physically, promotes human biological development and helps in the eradication of poverty.", "Alkali metal __knowledge__ The alkali metals are a group (column) in the periodic table consisting of the chemical elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), and francium (Fr).", "Alkali metal __knowledge__ This group lies in the s-block of the periodic table of elements as all alkali metals have their outermost electron in an s-orbital: this shared electron configuration results in their having very similar characteristic properties.", "Alkali metal __knowledge__ Indeed, the alkali metals provide the best example of group trends in properties in the periodic table, with elements exhibiting well-characterised homologous behaviour.", "Alkali metal __knowledge__ The alkali metals are all shiny, soft, highly reactive metals at standard temperature and pressure and readily lose their outermost electron to form cations with charge +1.", "Sociology of health and illness __knowledge__ The sociology of health and illness, alternatively the sociology of health and wellness, examines the interaction between society and health.", "Sociology of health and illness __knowledge__ The objective of this topic is to see how social life affects morbidity and mortality rate, and vice versa.", "Sociology of health and illness __knowledge__ This aspect of sociology differs from medical sociology in that this branch of sociology discusses health and illness in relation to social institutions such as family, employment, and school.", "Sociology of health and illness __knowledge__ The sociology of medicine limits its concern to the patient-practitioner relationship and the role of health professionals in society.", "Sociology of health and illness __knowledge__ The sociology of health and illness covers sociological pathology (causes of disease and illness), reasons for seeking particular types of medical aid, and patient compliance or noncompliance with medical regimes.", "Commuter rail __knowledge__ Commuter rail, also called suburban rail, is a passenger rail transport service that primarily operates between a city centre and middle to outer suburbs beyond 15 km (10 miles) and commuter towns or other locations that draw large numbers of commuters—people who travel on a daily basis.", "Commuter rail __knowledge__ Trains operate following a schedule at speeds varying from 50 to 200 km/h (30 to 125 mph).", "Commuter rail __knowledge__ Distance charges or zone pricing may be used.", "Commuter rail __knowledge__ Non-English names include \"Treno suburbano\" in Italian, \"Cercanías\" in Spanish, \"Rodalies\" in Catalan, \"Proastiakos\" in Greek, \"S-Bahn\" in German (although \"Regionalbahn\" or stopping services occasionally also operate as commuter trains), \"Train de banlieue\" in French, \"Příměstský vlak\" or \"Esko\" in Czech, \"Elektrichka\" in Russian, \"Pociąg podmiejski \" in Polish and \"Pendeltåg\" in Swedish.", "Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union __knowledge__ There was systematic political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union, based on the interpretation of political opposition or dissent as a psychiatric problem.", "Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union __knowledge__ It was called \"psychopathological mechanisms\" of dissent.", "Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union __knowledge__ During the leadership of General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev, psychiatry was used to disable and remove from society political opponents (\"dissidents\") who openly expressed beliefs that contradicted the official dogma.", "Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union __knowledge__ The term \"philosophical intoxication\", for instance, was widely applied to the mental disorders diagnosed when people disagreed with the country's Communist leaders and, by referring to the writings of the Founding Fathers of Marxism–Leninism—Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, and Vladimir Lenin—made them the target of criticism." ] ]

[ 0, 21, 0, 21 ]

[ "Yes, we had a co-worker who was colorblind. It is very strange and unfortunate thing that can happen to a human being", "Not really. He was behaving normally as he would. By the way, are you knowledgeable about brain disease called dementia", "I was just curious if you had encountered anybody with such disease in your life? And how those people typically behave overall?", "yes indeed. It is much like Alzheimer's, forgetting about recent events. I feel pity for those people and it just melts my heart seeing them in such conditions" ]

[ "Color blindness", "Color blindness", "Color blindness", "Color blindness" ]

[ "Horse training\nI had a good friend who was really into horses and horse training, but I dont personally know anything about it, do you?", "Yes! Also like they are trained to go over jumps and stuff too!", "Right, as in they were used for transportation back in the old days? Like pulling wagons?", "warfare??? I know people rode them but what else did they do in warfare? I hope they didnt get hurt by people", "Oh my, that sounds awful. I would not want to be one of those soldiers!!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horse training refers to a variety of practices that teach horses to perform certain behaviors when asked to do so by humans.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horses are trained to be manageable by humans for everyday care as well as for equestrian activities from horse racing to therapeutic horseback riding for people with disabilities.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Historically, horses were trained for warfare, farm work, sport and transport.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Today, most horse training is geared toward making horses useful for a variety of recreational and sporting equestrian pursuits.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horses are also trained for specialized jobs from movie stunt work to police and crowd control activities, circus entertainment, and equine-assisted psychotherapy.", "Horse training __knowledge__ There is tremendous controversy over various methods of horse training and even some of the words used to describe these methods.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Some techniques are considered cruel, other methods are considered gentler and more humane.", "Horse training __knowledge__ However, it is beyond the scope of this article to go into the details of various training methodology, so general, basic principles are described below.", "Horse training __knowledge__ The \"see also\" section of this article provides links to more specific information about various schools and techniques of horse training.", "Horse training __knowledge__ The range of training techniques and training goals is large, but basic animal training concepts apply to all forms of horse training.", "Horse behavior __knowledge__ Horse Behaviour has been studied by horse users for centuries, as the horse was one of the first animals mankind domesticated and understanding its behaviour has always been important in horse welfare and in training to get the best use out of a horse.", "Horse behavior __knowledge__ In the wild, horses are prey animals that live in herds, which affects their reactions to other horses and to the world around them.", "Horse behavior __knowledge__ Their behaviour in wild, feral conditions has been studied extensively as has their reactions to living and working in domestic situations.", "Horse behavior __knowledge__ Interactions with other horses, such as dominance and communication methods has been studied extensively and numerous books and videos exist on different aspects of horse behaviour.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Dressage __knowledge__ Dressage ( or ; a French term, most commonly translated to mean \"training\") is a highly skilled form of riding performed in exhibition and competition, as well as an \"art\" sometimes pursued solely for the sake of mastery.", "Dressage __knowledge__ As an equestrian sport defined by the International Equestrian Federation, dressage is \"the highest expression of horse training\" where \"horse and rider are expected to perform from memory a series of predetermined movements.\"", "Dressage __knowledge__ Competitions are held at all levels from amateur to the Olympic Games and World Equestrian Games.", "Dressage __knowledge__ Its fundamental purpose is to develop, through standardized progressive training methods, a horse's natural athletic ability and willingness to perform, thereby maximizing its potential as a riding horse.", "Natural horsemanship __knowledge__ Natural horsemanship is a collective term for a variety of horse training techniques which have seen rapid growth in popularity since the 1980s.", "Natural horsemanship __knowledge__ The techniques vary in their precise tenets but generally share principles of developing a rapport with horses, using methods said to be derived from observation of the natural behavior of free-roaming horses and rejecting abusive training methods.", "Natural horsemanship __knowledge__ Natural horsemanship practitioners often describe their principles with evangelical zeal, describing the approach as being a radical departure from \"traditional\" techniques, which are often portrayed as being based in the use of unnecessary force.", "Wyatt Earp __knowledge__ Wyatt Berry Stapp Earp (March 19, 1848 – January 13, 1929) was an American Old West gambler, a deputy sheriff in Pima County, and deputy town marshal in Tombstone, Arizona Territory, who took part in the Gunfight at the O.K.", "Wyatt Earp __knowledge__ Corral, during which lawmen killed three outlaw cowboys.", "Wyatt Earp __knowledge__ He is often mistakenly regarded as the central figure in the shootout in Tombstone, although his brother Virgil was Tombstone city marshal and deputy U.S. marshal that day, and had far more experience as a sheriff, constable, marshal, and soldier in combat.", "Wyatt Earp __knowledge__ Earp lived a restless life.", "Wyatt Earp __knowledge__ He was at different times a constable, city policeman, county sheriff, deputy U.S. marshal, teamster, buffalo hunter, bouncer, saloon-keeper, gambler, brothel keeper, miner, and boxing referee.", "War Horse (film) __knowledge__ War Horse is a 2011 American war drama film directed and co-produced by Steven Spielberg from a screenplay written by Lee Hall and Richard Curtis, based on English author Michael Morpurgo's 1982 novel of the same name and its 2007 play adaptation.", "War Horse (film) __knowledge__ The film's ensemble cast includes Jeremy Irvine (in his film acting debut), Emily Watson, David Thewlis, Tom Hiddleston, Benedict Cumberbatch, Eddie Marsan, Niels Arestrup, Toby Kebbell, David Kross, and Peter Mullan.", "War Horse (film) __knowledge__ Set before and during World War I, it tells of the journey of Joey, a bay Thoroughbred horse raised by British teenager Albert (Irvine), as he is bought by the British Army, leading him to encounter numerous individuals and owners throughout Europe, all the while experiencing the tragedies of the war happening around him." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horse training refers to a variety of practices that teach horses to perform certain behaviors when asked to do so by humans.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horses are trained to be manageable by humans for everyday care as well as for equestrian activities from horse racing to therapeutic horseback riding for people with disabilities.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Historically, horses were trained for warfare, farm work, sport and transport.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Today, most horse training is geared toward making horses useful for a variety of recreational and sporting equestrian pursuits.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horses are also trained for specialized jobs from movie stunt work to police and crowd control activities, circus entertainment, and equine-assisted psychotherapy.", "Horse training __knowledge__ There is tremendous controversy over various methods of horse training and even some of the words used to describe these methods.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Some techniques are considered cruel, other methods are considered gentler and more humane.", "Horse training __knowledge__ However, it is beyond the scope of this article to go into the details of various training methodology, so general, basic principles are described below.", "Horse training __knowledge__ The \"see also\" section of this article provides links to more specific information about various schools and techniques of horse training.", "Horse training __knowledge__ The range of training techniques and training goals is large, but basic animal training concepts apply to all forms of horse training.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ General Sir Hubert de la Poer Gough (12 August 1870 – 18 March 1963) was a senior officer in the British Army in the First World War.", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ A favourite of the British Commander-in-Chief, Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, he experienced a meteoric rise through the ranks during the war and commanded the British Fifth Army from 1916 to 1918.", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ The name of Gough probably derives from the Welsh word \"coch\", meaning \"red\".", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ Before leaving England Gough's ancestors were clerics and clerks in Wiltshire, and the family settled in Ireland in the early 17th century, not as planters but in clerical positions.", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ By the nineteenth century they were an Anglo-Irish family of the landed gentry settled at Gurteen, County Waterford, Ireland.", "Alex Webster __knowledge__ Alex Webster (born October 25, 1969) is an American bass player, who is best known as a member of the death metal band Cannibal Corpse.", "Alex Webster __knowledge__ He is one of two current members who were of the original lineup of the band, the other being drummer Paul Mazurkiewicz.", "Alex Webster __knowledge__ He is also the bassist for the band Blotted Science and the supergroup Conquering Dystopia, and before Cannibal Corpse was formed he was part of Beyond Death.", "Alex Webster __knowledge__ Webster was born in Akron, New York.", "Alex Webster __knowledge__ He has stated \"I just always liked music since I was a little kid.", "Alex Webster __knowledge__ Music was always a soundtrack in my head to things going on in my life.", "Alex Webster __knowledge__ I always wanted to play.", "Professional wrestling attacks __knowledge__ Attacking maneuvers are offensive moves in professional wrestling, used to set up an opponent for a submission hold or for a throw.", "Professional wrestling attacks __knowledge__ There are a wide variety of attacking moves in pro wrestling, and many are known by several different names.", "Professional wrestling attacks __knowledge__ Professional wrestlers frequently give their finishers new names.", "Professional wrestling attacks __knowledge__ Occasionally, these names become popular and are used regardless of the wrestler performing the technique.", "Professional wrestling attacks __knowledge__ Professional wrestling contains a variety of punches and kicks found in martial arts and other fighting sports; the moves listed below are more specific to wrestling itself.", "Professional wrestling attacks __knowledge__ Many of the moves below can also be performed from a raised platform (the top rope, the ring apron, etc.", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ The Doctor is the title character in the long-running BBC science fiction television programme \"Doctor Who\".", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ Since the show's inception in 1963, the character has been portrayed by twelve lead actors.", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ In the programme, \"the Doctor\" is the alias assumed by a centuries-old alien—a Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey—who travels through space and time in the TARDIS, frequently with companions.", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ The transition to each succeeding actor is explained within the show's narrative through the plot device of \"regeneration\", a biological function of the Time Lord race that allows a change of cellular structure and appearance with recovery following a potentially fatal injury.", "Ski flying __knowledge__ Ski flying is a winter sport discipline derived from ski jumping, in which much greater distances can be achieved.", "Ski flying __knowledge__ It is a form of competitive Nordic skiing where athletes descend individually at very fast speeds along a specially built takeoff ramp using skis only; jump from the end of it with as much power as they can generate; then glide – or 'fly' – as far as possible down a steeply sloped hill; and ultimately land within a target zone in a stable manner.", "Ski flying __knowledge__ Points are awarded for distance and stylistic merit by five judges, and events are governed by the International Ski Federation (FIS).", "Ski flying __knowledge__ The rules and scoring in ski flying are mostly the same as they are in ski jumping, and events under the discipline are usually contested as part of the Ski Jumping World Cup season, but the hills (of which there are only five remaining, all in Europe) are constructed to a different standard in order to enable jumps of up to 66% longer in distance.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes for \"Deadliest Warrior\".", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ \"Deadliest Warrior\" premiered on April 7, 2009 at 10 pm ET.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Nine one-hour episodes of the show were produced for Season 1.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Season 1 was released on DVD and Blu-ray on May 11, 2010.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Apache team: Alan Tafoya (World Champion Knife Fighter), Snake Blocker (U.S. Army Combat Instructor) Apache weapons: Tomahawk, Knife, Bow & Arrow, War Club Apache armor: Rawhide Shield Apache statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 7 inches \"Weight:\" 140 lbs \"Gear Weight:\" 10 pounds Gladiator team: Chris Torres (Ancient Weapons Specialist), Steven Dietrich (Gladiator Combat Instructor), Chuck Liddell (The Iceman) Gladiator weapons: Cestus, Scissor, Trident & Net, Sling, Sica Gladiator armor: Murmillo Helmet, Wooden Shield Gladiator statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 8 inches \"Weight\": 185 lbs \"Gear Weight\": Ranges from 10 lbs to 38 lbs Reenactment 1 The Apache is seen walking in a grassy field.", "Horse racing __knowledge__ Horse racing is an equestrian performance sport, typically involving two or more horses ridden by jockeys or driven over a set distance for competition.", "Horse racing __knowledge__ It is one of the most ancient of all sports and its basic premise – to identify which of two or more horses is the fastest over a set course or distance – has remained unchanged since the earliest times.", "Horse racing __knowledge__ Horse races vary widely in format.", "Horse racing __knowledge__ Often, countries have developed their own particular horse racing traditions.", "Horse racing __knowledge__ Variations include restricting races to particular breeds, running over obstacles, running over different distances, running on different track surfaces and running in different gaits.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse (\"Equus ferus caballus\") is one of two extant subspecies of \"Equus ferus\".", "Horse __knowledge__ It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, \"Eohippus\", into the large, single-toed animal of today.", "Horse __knowledge__ Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC.", "Horse __knowledge__ Horses in the subspecies \"caballus\" are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses.", "Horse __knowledge__ These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered Przewalski's horse, a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ California Chrome (foaled February 18, 2011) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ He was named the 2014 and 2016 American Horse of the Year.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ He won the 2014 Kentucky Derby, the Preakness Stakes, and the 2016 Dubai World Cup.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ In 2016, he surpassed Curlin as the all-time leading North American horse in earnings won.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ Bred in California, the chestnut-colored horse was named for his flashy white markings, called \"chrome\" by horse aficionados.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ He was bred and originally owned by Perry Martin from Yuba City, California, and Steve Coburn of Topaz Lake, Nevada, who named their partnership DAP Racing, standing for \"Dumb Ass Partners\"—a tongue-in-cheek response to a passerby who questioned their wisdom in purchasing California Chrome's dam, Love the Chase.", "Horse welfare __knowledge__ Equine welfare describes the acceptable conditions of life and use for domesticated horses, in contrast to suffering produced by voluntary or involuntary actions of others, whether through physical abuse, mutilation, neglect, or other forms of ill treatment.", "Horse welfare __knowledge__ Debates about the welfare and abuse of horses are recent.", "Horse welfare __knowledge__ In the nineteenth century, when the sight of a horse dying while working was commonplace, the first wave of awareness was born with the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and the publication of the novel \"Black Beauty\" in England.", "Horse welfare __knowledge__ France followed suit with the creation of the French League for the Protection of the Horse and the passage of the Grammont Law in 1850.", "Horse care __knowledge__ There are many aspects to horse care.", "Horse care __knowledge__ Horses, ponies, mules, donkeys and other domesticated equids require attention from humans for optimal health and long life.", "Horse care __knowledge__ Horses require both shelter from natural elements like wind and precipitation, as well as room to exercise.", "Horse care __knowledge__ Worldwide, horses and other equids usually live outside with access to shelter for protection from the elements.", "Horse care __knowledge__ In some cases, animals are kept in a barn or stable for ease of access by managers, or for protection from the weather for various reasons.", "Horse care __knowledge__ For horse owners who do not own their own land, fields and barns can be rented from a private land owner or space for an individual horse may be rented from a boarding farm.", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ Horses play a large role in the daily and national life of the Mongols; it is traditionally said that \"A Mongol without a horse is like a bird without the wings.\"", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ Elizabeth Kendall, who travelled through Mongolia in 1911, observed, \"To appreciate the Mongol you must see him on horseback,—and indeed you rarely see him otherwise, for he does not put foot to ground if he can help it.", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ The Mongol without his pony is only half a Mongol, but with his pony he is as good as two men.", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ It is a fine sight to see him tearing over the plain, loose bridle, easy seat, much like the Western cowboy, but with less sprawl.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horse training refers to a variety of practices that teach horses to perform certain behaviors when asked to do so by humans.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horses are trained to be manageable by humans for everyday care as well as for equestrian activities from horse racing to therapeutic horseback riding for people with disabilities.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Historically, horses were trained for warfare, farm work, sport and transport.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Today, most horse training is geared toward making horses useful for a variety of recreational and sporting equestrian pursuits.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horses are also trained for specialized jobs from movie stunt work to police and crowd control activities, circus entertainment, and equine-assisted psychotherapy.", "Horse training __knowledge__ There is tremendous controversy over various methods of horse training and even some of the words used to describe these methods.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Some techniques are considered cruel, other methods are considered gentler and more humane.", "Horse training __knowledge__ However, it is beyond the scope of this article to go into the details of various training methodology, so general, basic principles are described below.", "Horse training __knowledge__ The \"see also\" section of this article provides links to more specific information about various schools and techniques of horse training.", "Horse training __knowledge__ The range of training techniques and training goals is large, but basic animal training concepts apply to all forms of horse training.", "California Trail __knowledge__ The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "California Trail __knowledge__ After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "California Trail __knowledge__ In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "California Trail __knowledge__ By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ The first use of horses in warfare occurred over 5,000 years ago.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of horses ridden in warfare dates from Eurasia between 4000 and 3000 BC.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ A Sumerian illustration of warfare from 2500 BC depicts some type of equine pulling wagons.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ By 1600 BC, improved harness and chariot designs made chariot warfare common throughout the Ancient Near East, and the earliest written training manual for war horses was a guide for training chariot horses written about 1350 BC.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ As formal cavalry tactics replaced the chariot, so did new training methods, and by 360 BC, the Greek cavalry officer Xenophon had written an extensive treatise on horsemanship.", "History of cities in Canada __knowledge__ Canada's cities span the continent of North America from east to west, with many major cities located relatively close to the border with the United States.", "History of cities in Canada __knowledge__ Cities are home to the majority of Canada's approximately 35.75 million inhabitants(as of 2015)—just over 80 percent of Canadians lived in urban areas in 2006.", "History of cities in Canada __knowledge__ During the Wisconsin glaciation 50,000-17,000 years ago, falling sea levels allowed people to move across the Bering land bridge that joined Siberia to northwestern North America (Alaska).", "History of cities in Canada __knowledge__ Alaska was ice-free because of low snowfall, allowing a small population to exist.", "History of cities in Canada __knowledge__ The Laurentide ice sheet covered most of Canada, blocking nomadic inhabitants and confining them to Alaska (East Beringia) for thousands of years.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The Oregon Trail is a historic east–west, large-wheeled wagon route and emigrant trail in the United States that connected the Missouri River to valleys in Oregon.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The eastern part of the Oregon Trail spanned part of the future state of Kansas, and nearly all of what are now the states of Nebraska and Wyoming.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The western half of the trail spanned most of the future states of Idaho and Oregon.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The Oregon Trail was laid by fur traders and traders from about 1811 to 1840, and was only passable on foot or by horseback.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ By 1836, when the first migrant wagon train was organized in Independence, Missouri, a wagon trail had been cleared to Fort Hall, Idaho.", "Bagley &amp; Wright __knowledge__ Bagley & Wright was a spinning, doubling and weaving company based in Oldham, Lancashire, England.", "Bagley &amp; Wright __knowledge__ The business, which was active from 1867 until 1924, 'caught the wave' of the cotton-boom that existed following the end of the American Civil War in 1865 and experienced rapid growth in the United Kingdom and abroad.", "Bagley &amp; Wright __knowledge__ In 1897, the business split into two with the sewing cotton operation being subsumed into the newly formed English Sewing Cotton Company (ESCC).", "Bagley &amp; Wright __knowledge__ The remainder of the Bagley & Wright business remaining independent in the form of Bagley & Wright Manufacturing.", "Bagley &amp; Wright __knowledge__ Although the Wright and Bagley families lost influence on the ESCC part of the business following a scandal over the distribution of dividends in 1902, they remained in control of Bagley and Wright Manufacturing until it was finally dissolved in 1924.", "Victorian Railways hopper wagons __knowledge__ The Victorian Railways in Australia have had a vast range of hopper-type wagons over the last century, for transporting anything from grains through fuel to various powders.", "Victorian Railways hopper wagons __knowledge__ As a general rule, a hopper wagon involves an open frame with sloped sheets, giving a wider area at the top and a smaller area at the bottom.", "Victorian Railways hopper wagons __knowledge__ The type of intended traffic usually guides both the slopes and whether or not the wagon has a roof to keep the freight dry (for example, with cement or grain wagons).", "Victorian Railways hopper wagons __knowledge__ Later designs experimented with pressurised drums to store various powdered goods, pumped into and out of the wagons using external high-pressure air supplies.", "Tractor __knowledge__ A tractor is an engineering vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort (or torque) at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery used in agriculture or construction.", "Tractor __knowledge__ Most commonly, the term is used to describe a farm vehicle that provides the power and traction to mechanize agricultural tasks, especially (and originally) tillage, but nowadays a great variety of tasks.", "Tractor __knowledge__ Agricultural implements may be towed behind or mounted on the tractor, and the tractor may also provide a source of power if the implement is mechanised.", "Tractor __knowledge__ The word \"tractor\" was taken from Latin, being the agent noun of \"trahere\" \"to pull\".", "Huyton __knowledge__ Huyton ( ) is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley, in Merseyside, England.", "Huyton __knowledge__ It is part of the Liverpool Urban Area, sharing borders with the Liverpool suburbs of Dovecot, Knotty Ash, and Belle Vale.", "Huyton __knowledge__ Huyton has close associations with the neighbouring village of Roby: both were part of the Huyton with Roby Urban District between 1894 and 1974.", "Huyton __knowledge__ Historically in Lancashire, Huyton was an ancient parish which in the mid-19th century contained Croxteth Park, Knowsley and Tarbock, in addition to the township of Huyton-with-Roby.", "Huyton __knowledge__ It was part of the hundred of West Derby, an ancient subdivision of Lancashire, covering the southwest of the county.", "Dick Butkus __knowledge__ Richard Marvin Butkus (born December 9, 1942) is a former American football player, sports commentator, and actor.", "Dick Butkus __knowledge__ He played professional football as a linebacker for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL) from 1965 to 1972.", "Dick Butkus __knowledge__ Through nine NFL seasons he was invited to eight Pro Bowls, named a first-team All-Pro six times, and was twice recognized by his peers as the NFL's Defensive Player of the Year.", "Dick Butkus __knowledge__ Renowned as a fierce tackler and for the relentless effort with which he played, Butkus is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most intimidating linebackers in pro football history.", "Relocation of sports teams in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Relocation of professional sports teams in the United Kingdom is a practice which involves a sports team moving from one metropolitan area to another, although occasionally moves between municipalities in the same conurbation are also included.", "Relocation of sports teams in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ For relocations in other part of the world see \"Relocation of professional sports teams\".", "Relocation of sports teams in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ In British sport, the relocation of teams away from their traditional districts is unusual because of the nature of the relationship between clubs and their fans: the local football club is regarded by most English football supporters as part of the local identity and social fabric rather than as a business that can be transplanted by its owners at will.", "Liverpool–Wigan line __knowledge__ The Liverpool–Wigan line is a railway line in the north-west of England, running between Liverpool Lime Street and Wigan North Western via St Helens Central station.", "Liverpool–Wigan line __knowledge__ The route from Liverpool, running east follows part of the northern section of the Liverpool–Manchester line up to Huyton Junction; where it branches north-eastwards, routing via Prescot and St Helens Central, then to Ince Moss Junction.", "Liverpool–Wigan line __knowledge__ Here, the line joins the West Coast Main Line near Springs Branch and runs on to Wigan North Western.", "Liverpool–Wigan line __knowledge__ The route sees service from three passenger trains per hour in both directions between Liverpool and Wigan.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse (\"Equus ferus caballus\") is one of two extant subspecies of \"Equus ferus\".", "Horse __knowledge__ It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, \"Eohippus\", into the large, single-toed animal of today.", "Horse __knowledge__ Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC.", "Horse __knowledge__ Horses in the subspecies \"caballus\" are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses.", "Horse __knowledge__ These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered Przewalski's horse, a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse.", "Horse breeding __knowledge__ Horse breeding is reproduction in horses, and particularly the human-directed process of selective breeding of animals, particularly purebred horses of a given breed.", "Horse breeding __knowledge__ Planned matings can be used to produce specifically desired characteristics in domesticated horses.", "Horse breeding __knowledge__ Furthermore, modern breeding management and technologies can increase the rate of conception, a healthy pregnancy, and successful foaling.", "Horse breeding __knowledge__ The male parent of a horse, a stallion, is commonly known as the \"sire\" and the female parent, the mare, is called the \"dam\".", "Horse breeding __knowledge__ Both are genetically important, as each parent provides half of the genetic makeup of the ensuing offspring, called a foal.", "Liverpool Stanley __knowledge__ Liverpool Stanley was a semi-professional rugby league club from Liverpool, England.", "Liverpool Stanley __knowledge__ It was renamed Liverpool City in 1951, but was otherwise unrelated to the original Liverpool club of the same name.", "Liverpool Stanley __knowledge__ The club's origins date back to 1880 when it was founded as Wigan Highfield.", "Liverpool Stanley __knowledge__ Although the club was best known for its years in Liverpool, the club relocated numerous times, and were known as London Highfield, Huyton, Runcorn Highfield, Highfield, and eventually Prescot Panthers throughout their existence before being eventually wound up in 1996.", "Liverpool Stanley __knowledge__ A professional club first emerged in Liverpool, called Liverpool City, in 1906, playing at the Stanley Athletics Ground." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horse training refers to a variety of practices that teach horses to perform certain behaviors when asked to do so by humans.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horses are trained to be manageable by humans for everyday care as well as for equestrian activities from horse racing to therapeutic horseback riding for people with disabilities.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Historically, horses were trained for warfare, farm work, sport and transport.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Today, most horse training is geared toward making horses useful for a variety of recreational and sporting equestrian pursuits.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horses are also trained for specialized jobs from movie stunt work to police and crowd control activities, circus entertainment, and equine-assisted psychotherapy.", "Horse training __knowledge__ There is tremendous controversy over various methods of horse training and even some of the words used to describe these methods.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Some techniques are considered cruel, other methods are considered gentler and more humane.", "Horse training __knowledge__ However, it is beyond the scope of this article to go into the details of various training methodology, so general, basic principles are described below.", "Horse training __knowledge__ The \"see also\" section of this article provides links to more specific information about various schools and techniques of horse training.", "Horse training __knowledge__ The range of training techniques and training goals is large, but basic animal training concepts apply to all forms of horse training.", "WLZW __knowledge__ WLZW (98.7 FM), branded as Lite 98.7, is an Adult Contemporary radio station in Utica, New York.", "WLZW __knowledge__ The station is owned by Townsquare Media as part of a cluster with news-talk station WIBX, country-formatted WFRG, and classic hits station WODZ.", "WLZW __knowledge__ The station signed on the air on January 1, 1974 as a sister station to WIBX and ran a beautiful music format under the call letters WIBQ.", "WLZW __knowledge__ The station abruptly changed format in 1985 to classic hits as \"Z 98.7\" with the call letters WNYZ.", "WLZW __knowledge__ After a while in the format, WNYZ next flipped to a rock-leaning Top 40 format, identifying as \"New York's Z-98.7\".", "WLZW __knowledge__ The format began with Twisted Sister's \"We're Not Gonna Take It\", followed by Quiet Riot's \"Cum On Feel the Noize\".", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ The Blockade of Germany (1939–1945), also known as the Economic War, was carried out during World War II by the United Kingdom and France in order to restrict the supplies of minerals, metals, food and textiles needed by Nazi Germany - and later Fascist Italy - in order to sustain their war efforts.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ The economic war consisted mainly of a naval blockade which formed part of the wider Battle of the Atlantic, and included the preclusive buying of war materials from neutral countries to prevent their sale to the enemy.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ There were four distinct phases of the blockade.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ The first period was from the beginning of European hostilities in September 1939 to the end of the \"Phoney War,\" during which the Allies and Axis Powers both intercepted neutral merchant ships to seize deliveries en route to the enemy.", "Get Hurt (album) __knowledge__ Get Hurt is the fifth studio album by American rock band The Gaslight Anthem, released in the UK on August 11, 2014, through Virgin EMI, and in the United States on August 12, 2014, through Island Records.", "Get Hurt (album) __knowledge__ It marks their first album on Island Records, which absorbed the band and its previous label, Mercury Records.", "Get Hurt (album) __knowledge__ Produced by Mike Crossey and inspired by vocalist and guitarist Brian Fallon's divorce from his wife of ten years, the band was influenced by artists whose albums represented \"career shifts\".", "Get Hurt (album) __knowledge__ The band announced on July 4, 2013, via their Tumblr site, that they were \"Working on new songs for a new Gaslight Anthem album in 2014.\"", "Allegations of war crimes in the 2006 Lebanon War __knowledge__ Allegations of war crimes in the 2006 Lebanon War refer to claims of various groups and individuals, including Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, and United Nations officials, who accused both Hezbollah and Israel of violating international humanitarian law during the 2006 Lebanon War, and warned of possible war crimes.", "Allegations of war crimes in the 2006 Lebanon War __knowledge__ These allegations included intentional attacks on civilian populations or infrastructure, disproportionate or indiscriminate attacks, the use of human shields, and the use of prohibited weapons.", "Allegations of war crimes in the 2006 Lebanon War __knowledge__ Under international humanitarian law, warring parties are obliged to distinguish between combatants and civilians, ensure that attacks on legitimate military targets are proportional, and guarantee that the military advantage of such attacks outweigh the possible harm done to civilians.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "The Hurt Locker __knowledge__ The Hurt Locker is a 2008 American war thriller film directed by Kathryn Bigelow and written by Mark Boal .", "The Hurt Locker __knowledge__ It stars Jeremy Renner, Anthony Mackie, Brian Geraghty, Christian Camargo, Ralph Fiennes, David Morse, and Guy Pearce.", "The Hurt Locker __knowledge__ The film follows an Iraq War Explosive Ordnance Disposal team who are targeted by insurgents, and shows their psychological reactions to the stress of combat, which is intolerable to some and addictive to others.", "The Hurt Locker __knowledge__ Boal drew on his experience during embedded access to write the screenplay.", "The Hurt Locker __knowledge__ Released in the United States on June 26, 2009, \"The Hurt Locker\" received widespread acclaim.", "History of gunpowder __knowledge__ Gunpowder is the first physical explosive and propellant.", "History of gunpowder __knowledge__ Before its invention, many incendiary and burning devices had been used, including Greek fire.", "History of gunpowder __knowledge__ The invention of gunpowder is attributed to experimentation in Chinese alchemy by Taoists in the pursuit of immortality, and is popularly listed as one of the \"Four Great Inventions\" of China.", "History of gunpowder __knowledge__ It was invented during the late Tang dynasty (9th century) but the earliest record of a written formula appeared in the Song dynasty (11th century).", "History of gunpowder __knowledge__ Knowledge of gunpowder spread rapidly throughout the Old World possibly as a result of the Mongol conquests during the 13th century, with written formula for it appearing in the 1267 \"Opus Majus\" treatise by Roger Bacon and a 1280 treatise by Hasan al-Rammah.", "Horses in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ Horses in the Middle Ages differed in size, build and breed from the modern horse, and were, on average, smaller.", "Horses in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ They were also more central to society than their modern counterparts, being essential for war, agriculture, and transport.", "Horses in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ Consequently, specific types of horse developed, many of which have no modern equivalent.", "Horses in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ While an understanding of modern horse breeds and equestrianism is vital for any analysis of the medieval horse, researchers also need to consider documentary (both written and pictorial) and archaeological evidence.", "Horses in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ Horses in the Middle Ages were rarely differentiated by breed, but rather by use.", "Farmworker __knowledge__ A farmworker is a hired agricultural worker on a farm that works for the farmers.", "Farmworker __knowledge__ However, in discussions relating to labor law application, the term \"farmworker\" is sometimes used more narrowly, applying only to a hired worker involved in agricultural production, including harvesting, i.e.", "Farmworker __knowledge__ not to a worker in other on-farm jobs, such as packing.", "Farmworker __knowledge__ The development of a particular kind of agriculture is dependent on the characteristics of the farming region.", "Farmworker __knowledge__ The soil type, climate, slope, and distance to markets all help in shaping the type of agriculture that thrives in any particular region.", "Farmworker __knowledge__ For instance, the Midwestern United States has rich, fertile soil, and so it produces corn, soybeans, cattle, hogs, and dairy products and has become known as the Corn Belt of America.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "History of the horse in Britain __knowledge__ The known history of the horse in Britain starts with horse remains found in Pakefield, Suffolk, dating from 700,000 BC, and in Boxgrove, West Sussex, dating from 500,000 BC.", "History of the horse in Britain __knowledge__ Early humans were active hunters of horses, and finds from the Ice Age have been recovered from many sites.", "History of the horse in Britain __knowledge__ At that time, land which now forms the British Isles was part of a peninsula attached to continental Europe by a low-lying area now known as \"Doggerland\", and land animals could migrate freely between what is now island Britain and continental Europe.", "History of the horse in Britain __knowledge__ The domestication of horses, and their use to pull vehicles, had begun in Britain by 2500 BC; by the time of the Roman conquest of Britain, British tribes could assemble armies which included thousands of chariots.", "One Thing (One Direction song) __knowledge__ \"One Thing\" is a song by English-Irish boy band One Direction from their debut studio album, \"Up All Night\" (2011).", "One Thing (One Direction song) __knowledge__ It was released in various countries by Syco Music on 6 January 2012, as their second single, and as their third single in the UK on 13 February 2012.", "One Thing (One Direction song) __knowledge__ Additionally, Columbia Records sent it to contemporary hit radio playlists on 22 May 2012 as their second single in the United States.", "One Thing (One Direction song) __knowledge__ Written by Savan Kotecha and its producers, Carl Falk and Rami Yacoub, initially, the upbeat pop rock number was written as two different songs.", "One Thing (One Direction song) __knowledge__ As both tracks had elusive attributes, the trio decided to merge the two into one song.", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ General Sir Hubert de la Poer Gough (12 August 1870 – 18 March 1963) was a senior officer in the British Army in the First World War.", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ A favourite of the British Commander-in-Chief, Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, he experienced a meteoric rise through the ranks during the war and commanded the British Fifth Army from 1916 to 1918.", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ The name of Gough probably derives from the Welsh word \"coch\", meaning \"red\".", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ Before leaving England Gough's ancestors were clerics and clerks in Wiltshire, and the family settled in Ireland in the early 17th century, not as planters but in clerical positions.", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ By the nineteenth century they were an Anglo-Irish family of the landed gentry settled at Gurteen, County Waterford, Ireland." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horse training refers to a variety of practices that teach horses to perform certain behaviors when asked to do so by humans.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horses are trained to be manageable by humans for everyday care as well as for equestrian activities from horse racing to therapeutic horseback riding for people with disabilities.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Historically, horses were trained for warfare, farm work, sport and transport.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Today, most horse training is geared toward making horses useful for a variety of recreational and sporting equestrian pursuits.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horses are also trained for specialized jobs from movie stunt work to police and crowd control activities, circus entertainment, and equine-assisted psychotherapy.", "Horse training __knowledge__ There is tremendous controversy over various methods of horse training and even some of the words used to describe these methods.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Some techniques are considered cruel, other methods are considered gentler and more humane.", "Horse training __knowledge__ However, it is beyond the scope of this article to go into the details of various training methodology, so general, basic principles are described below.", "Horse training __knowledge__ The \"see also\" section of this article provides links to more specific information about various schools and techniques of horse training.", "Horse training __knowledge__ The range of training techniques and training goals is large, but basic animal training concepts apply to all forms of horse training.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "Joy Division __knowledge__ Joy Division were an English rock band formed in 1976 in Salford, Greater Manchester.", "Joy Division __knowledge__ Originally named Warsaw, the band consisted of singer-songwriter Ian Curtis, guitarist and keyboardist Bernard Sumner, bass player Peter Hook, and drummer Stephen Morris.", "Joy Division __knowledge__ Formed by Sumner and Hook after the two attended a Sex Pistols gig, Joy Division soon moved beyond their punk roots to develop a sound and style that made them one of the pioneers of the late-1970s post-punk movement.", "Joy Division __knowledge__ The band's self-released 1978 debut EP, \"An Ideal for Living\", drew the attention of the Manchester television personality Tony Wilson, who signed the group to his independent label Factory Records.", "Ian Curtis __knowledge__ Ian Kevin Curtis (15 July 1956 – 18 May 1980) was an English singer-songwriter and musician.", "Ian Curtis __knowledge__ He is best known as the lead singer and lyricist of the post-punk band Joy Division.", "Ian Curtis __knowledge__ Joy Division released their debut album, \"Unknown Pleasures\", in 1979 and recorded their follow-up, \"Closer\", in 1980.", "Ian Curtis __knowledge__ Curtis, who suffered from both epilepsy and depression, took his own life on 18 May 1980, on the eve of Joy Division's first North American tour and shortly before the release of their second album.", "Ian Curtis __knowledge__ His suicide resulted in the band's dissolution and the subsequent formation of New Order.", "Ian Curtis __knowledge__ Curtis was known for his bass-baritone voice, dance style, and songwriting typically filled with imagery of desolation, emptiness, and alienation.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ Gag Concert () is a Korean sketch-comedy TV show on KBS 2TV network.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ It began airing in September 1999 and is the oldest of South Korea current comedy programs.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ The show is recorded on Wednesdays and airs on KBS 2TV on Sundays at 9:15 PM.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ The show airs with English subtitles after two weeks on KBS World TV on Saturdays at 6:00 PM.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ \"※ As of 7 January 2018\" \"(Korean: 아무말 대잔치, Starring: Jang Kiyeong, Park Yeongjin, Hong Hwon, Shin Jongryeong, Song Junseok)\" The contest that allows you to say anything.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ Contestants usually say the opposite of what one would expect them to say based on the context.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ \"(Korean: 명훈아 명훈아 명훈아, Starring: Jeong Myeonghun, Kim Minkyeong, Oh Nami, Lee Hyeonjeong)\" Three glamorous ladies try to entice Jeong Myeonghun with their charms.", "Oh Father __knowledge__ \"Oh Father\" is a song by American singer Madonna from her fourth studio album \"Like a Prayer\" (1989).", "Oh Father __knowledge__ It was released as the fourth single from the album on October 24, 1989 by Sire Records.", "Oh Father __knowledge__ The song was not released as a single in most European territories until December 24, 1995, when it appeared on the 1995 ballads compilation \"Something to Remember\".", "Oh Father __knowledge__ Written and produced by Madonna and Patrick Leonard, the nexus of \"Oh Father\" was the presence of male authoritative figures in Madonna's life, most prominently her father, Tony Ciccone.", "Oh Father __knowledge__ Madonna's relationship with her father had soured, after her mother's death in 1963 and his remarriage two years later.", "Norris Cole (Coronation Street) __knowledge__ Norris Benjamin Cole is a fictional character from the British soap opera \"Coronation Street\", played by Malcolm Hebden.", "Norris Cole (Coronation Street) __knowledge__ He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 11 March 1994.", "Norris Cole (Coronation Street) __knowledge__ Hebden had previously played the role of Carlos, Mavis Riley's (Thelma Barlow) Spanish lover, in 1974.", "Norris Cole (Coronation Street) __knowledge__ Norris appeared on a recurring basis, until he was written out in April 1997 by Brian Park.", "Norris Cole (Coronation Street) __knowledge__ However two years later, the character was reintroduced on a regular basis.", "Norris Cole (Coronation Street) __knowledge__ He has lived for several years with fellow character, Emily Bishop (Eileen Derbyshire) at 3 Coronation Street, first as a lodger, and more recently as the house owner.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ The first use of horses in warfare occurred over 5,000 years ago.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of horses ridden in warfare dates from Eurasia between 4000 and 3000 BC.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ A Sumerian illustration of warfare from 2500 BC depicts some type of equine pulling wagons.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ By 1600 BC, improved harness and chariot designs made chariot warfare common throughout the Ancient Near East, and the earliest written training manual for war horses was a guide for training chariot horses written about 1350 BC.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ As formal cavalry tactics replaced the chariot, so did new training methods, and by 360 BC, the Greek cavalry officer Xenophon had written an extensive treatise on horsemanship.", "Horses in East Asian warfare __knowledge__ Horses in East Asian warfare are inextricably linked with the strategic and tactical evolution of armed conflict.", "Horses in East Asian warfare __knowledge__ A warrior on horseback or horse-drawn chariot changed the balance of power between civilizations.", "Horses in East Asian warfare __knowledge__ When people with horses clashed with those without, horses provided a huge advantage.", "Horses in East Asian warfare __knowledge__ When both sides had horses, battles turned on the strength and strategy of their mounted horsemen, or cavalry.", "Horses in East Asian warfare __knowledge__ Military tactics were refined in terms of the use of horses.", "Horses in East Asian warfare __knowledge__ As in most cultures, a war horse in East Asia was trained to be controlled with limited use of reins, responding primarily to the rider's legs and weight.", "Cataphract __knowledge__ A cataphract was a form of armored heavy cavalry used in ancient warfare by a number of peoples in Europe, East Asia, and the Middle East.", "Cataphract __knowledge__ The English word is derived from the Greek ' (plural: '), literally meaning \"armored\" or \"completely enclosed\".", "Cataphract __knowledge__ Historically, the cataphract was a very heavily armored horseman, with both the rider and steed draped from head to toe in scale armor, while typically wielding a kontos or lance as their weapon.", "Cataphract __knowledge__ Cataphracts served as either the elite cavalry or assault force for most empires and nations that fielded them, primarily used for impetuous charges to break through infantry formations.", "Cavalry __knowledge__ Cavalry (from French \"cavalerie\", cf.", "Cavalry __knowledge__ \"cheval\" 'horse') or horsemen were soldiers or warriors who fought mounted on horseback.", "Cavalry __knowledge__ Cavalry were historically the most mobile of the combat arms.", "Cavalry __knowledge__ An individual soldier in the cavalry is known by a number of designations such as cavalryman, horseman, dragoon or trooper.", "Cavalry __knowledge__ The designation of cavalry was not usually given to any military forces that used other animals, such as camels, mules or elephants.", "Cavalry __knowledge__ Infantry who moved on horseback, but dismounted to fight on foot, were known in the 17th and early 18th centuries as dragoons, a class of mounted infantry which later evolved into cavalry proper while retaining their historic title.", "Cavalry tactics __knowledge__ For much of history, humans have used some form of cavalry for war and, as a result, cavalry tactics have evolved over time.", "Cavalry tactics __knowledge__ Tactically, the main advantages of cavalry over infantry troops were greater mobility, a larger impact, and a higher position.", "Cavalry tactics __knowledge__ Chariot tactics had been the basis for using the horse in war.", "Cavalry tactics __knowledge__ The chariot's advantage of speed was outdone by the agility of riding on horseback.", "Cavalry tactics __knowledge__ The ability of horsemen to pass more difficult terrain was also crucial to this change.", "Cavalry tactics __knowledge__ Horsemen supplanted most light chariots.", "Cavalry tactics __knowledge__ In Celtic warfare, light chariots (\"essedum\") persisted among mounted troops, for their ability to transport heavily armoured warriors and as mobile command platforms.", "Horses in World War II __knowledge__ Horses in World War II were used by the belligerent nations for transportation of troops, artillery, materiel, and, to a lesser extent, in mobile cavalry troops.", "Horses in World War II __knowledge__ The role of horses for each nation depended on its military strategy and state of economy and was most pronounced in German and Soviet ground forces.", "Horses in World War II __knowledge__ Over the course of the war Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union employed more than six million horses.", "Horses in World War II __knowledge__ Most British regular cavalry regiments were mechanised between 1928 and the outbreak of World War II.", "Horses in World War II __knowledge__ The United States retained a single horse cavalry regiment stationed in the Philippines, and the German Army retained a single brigade.", "Ancient warfare __knowledge__ Ancient warfare is war as conducted from the beginnings of recorded history to the end of the ancient period.", "Ancient warfare __knowledge__ In Europe and the Near East, the end of antiquity is often equated with the Fall of Rome in 476 AD, the wars of the Eastern Roman Empire on its Southwestern Asian and North African borders, and the beginnings of the Muslim conquests in the 7th century.", "Ancient warfare __knowledge__ In China, it can also be seen as ending with the growing role of mounted warriors needed to counter the ever-growing threat from the north in the 5th century and the beginning of the Tang Dynasty in 618.", "Ancient warfare __knowledge__ In India, the ancient period ends with the decline of the Gupta Empire (6th century) and the beginning of the Muslim conquests there from the 8th century." ] ]

[ 2, 4, 3, 3, 46 ]

[ "Yes I know quite a bit about horses. They are trained for a variety of different things such as everyday care, and horse racing. ", "Yes today horses and usually trained towards sporting pursuits but historically it was much different. ", "Yes that was one thing, they used to be used for transport, doing farm work and they were heavily used in warfare. ", "When horses were trained for warfare some horses even contributed in the fighting. One example are armored horses that would trample the enemy. ", "Horses were first used in battle over 5000 years ago and they were doing it for thousands of years." ]

[ "Horse training", "Horse training", "Horse training", "Horse training", "Horse training" ]